cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lower Levels of Serum Albumin and Total Cholesterol Associated with Decline in Activities of Daily Living and Excess Mortality in a 12‐Year Cohort Study of Elderly Japanese

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between levels of serum albumin and total cholesterol (TC) and risk of subsequent mortality and future decline in activities of daily living (ADLs) in elderly people. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-Communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eight hundred forty-four Japanese individuals aged 60 to 74 randomly selected throughout Japan and followed for 12.4 years. MEASUREMENTS: Decline in ADLs and mortality. RESULTS: After adjusting for other covariates, the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) of impaired ADLs were highest in the lowest albumin quartile (≤40 g/L) for women. The multivariable OR of having a composite outcome of death or impaired ADL for the lowest albumin quartile compared with the highest was 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.94–2.57) for men and 3.06 (95% CI=1.89–4.95) for women. Serum albumin was significantly and inversely associated with a composite outcome of death or impaired ADLs in the group below the median of TC in both sexes (multivariable OR for 1-g/L increase in serum albumin=0.88 for men (95% CI=0.79–0.97) and 0.79 for women (95% CI=0.72–0.87)), which was not significantly associated in the group with TC at or above the median. CONCLUSION: In the Japanese general population, low-normal serum albumin and TC levels are associated with loss of activity during old age, especially for women.
Plasmon-Waveguide Resonance Spectroscopy: A New Technique for Studying Molecules Immobilized on Solid Surfaces

Plasmon-waveguide resonance (PWR) spectroscopy allows kinetic, thermodynamic and structural characterization of a wide variety of systems in which molecules are immobilized on solid surfaces. The technique involves resonant excitation by light of electronic oscillations (plasmons) in a thin metal film (e.g. silver) coated with a dielectric layer (e.g. silica). This generates a surface-localized electromagnetic field, which can probe the optical properties of materials immobilized at the film surface. Resonances can be excited by both parallel and perpendicular polarized light, thereby allowing the anisotropic properties of ordered molecular arrays to be characterized. The application of this methodology to ligand binding by the human brain delta-opioid receptor incorporated into a single lipid bilayer on the resonator surface will be described.
Biological Plausibility of a Link Between Arterial Ischemic Stroke and Infection With Varicella-Zoster Virus or Herpes Simplex Virus.

There are now 9 human herpesviruses (HHVs); the increase from 8 to 9 was caused by a recent decision to split HHV strains 6A and 6B into distinct species. The 9 species are subdivided into 3 subfamilies: alpha (herpes simplex virus [HSV] types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus [VZV]), beta (cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, HHV6B, and HHV7), and gamma (Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus [sometimes called HHV8]). These same herpesviruses have evolved with humankind around the world since the great migration of modern humans across the Mandeb Strait out of Africa ≈60 to 100 thousand years ago.1 In a report in this issue of Circulation , Elkind et al2 sought to determine whether any of 5 herpesvirus infections—HSV1, HSV2, VZV, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus—increased the risk of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children ≤18 years of age. They conclude that HSV1 infection and, to a lesser extent, VZV infection may act as triggers for childhood AIS. This editorial examines the biological plausibility of that assertion on the basis of both a literature review and the known pathogenesis of infection with HSV, VZV, and the live attenuated varicella vaccine virus. Article, see p 732 VZV is the virus of greatest interest because the data linking VZV to arteritis and stroke are the strongest among all herpesviruses (Figure 1). The largest review of VZV infection and AIS in children includes 70 cases.3 The median age was 5 years (range, 6 months–14 years). Stroke occurred after varicella in 90% and herpes zoster in 10%; in 2 children, stroke followed varicella vaccination. The median interval between varicella or herpes zoster and subsequent stroke was 18 weeks. The most common clinical presentations were hemiparesis, speech disorders, facial palsy, and headache. In the present report, the association of AIS with VZV was not …
Effect of regional grid mix, driving patterns and climate on the comparative carbon footprint of gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles in the United States

We compare life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) across US counties by accounting for regional differences due to marginal grid mix, ambient temperature, patterns of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and driving conditions (city versus highway). We find that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles, depending on these regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared. The Nissan Leaf battery electric vehicle has a smaller carbon footprint than the most efficient gasoline vehicle (the Toyota Prius) in the urban counties of California, Texas and Florida, whereas the Prius has a smaller carbon footprint in the Midwest and the South. The Leaf is lower emitting than the Mazda 3 conventional gasoline vehicle in most urban counties, but the Mazda 3 is lower emitting in rural Midwest counties. The Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has a larger carbon footprint than the Prius throughout the continental US, though the Volt has a smaller carbon footprint than the Mazda 3 in many urban counties. Regional grid mix, temperature, driving conditions, and vehicle model all have substantial implications for identifying which technology has the lowest carbon footprint, whereas regional patterns of VMT have a much smaller effect. Given the variation in relative GHG implications, it is unlikely that blunt policy instruments that favor specific technology categories can ensure emission reductions universally.
Effect of Temperature on the Development of Orius insidiosus, with Notes on Laboratory Rearing

Egg and nymphal developmental time for Orius insidiosus (Say) were measured at 4 constant temperatures: 20, 24, 28, and 32°C. The developmental times of each stage as well as total developmental time were measured. Temperature significantly affected both egg and nymphal development. The duration of egg development decreased significantly with each increase in temperature. Total nymphal developmental time decreased significantly with increases between the temperatures of 20, 24, and 28°C, but did not differ significantly between 28 and 32°C.
Digestion of Dry Matter and Absorption of Water in the Intestine and Cecum of Rock Ptarmigan

Despite the many investigations of functional aspects of the hindgut in avian species (Sturkie 1965, Hill 1971, Hudson et al. 1971, Jayne-Williams and Fuller 1971, Ziswiler and Farner 1972), information about digestive function is still incomplete. The primary functions of the hindgut appear to be microbial digestion of carbohydrate and protein, absorption of end products of fermentation, water, some minerals, and microbial synthesis of vitamins. The cecum of all vertebrate
Issues with Proportional Damping

Analytical derivation of damping is extremely difficult and in most cases not possible. As a result, damping properties are typically specified on a mode-by-mode basis because of the availability of test data that can be used either directly, or can be used as a guide for similar systems for which data are not yet available. Occasionally there is need to develop from the modal damping properties damping matrices that correspond to the physical coordinate sets in which the finite element model mass and stiffness matrices were developed. Proportional damping, in which combinations of mass and stiffness matrices are used to develop the physical coordinate damping matrix, has been used extensively. It is the purpose of this work to discuss the appropriateness of including a mass proportional term. It is concluded that damping formulations that include a scaled mass term are fundamentally flawed and should not be used.
Preliminary Studies on Fixing Fluoride for Raw Material of Mixin Black Tea

Objective: To Study the effect of fixing-fluoride of bone salt emulsion extracted from sheep bone for raw material of Mixin black tea. Methods: Adding the emulsion into raw material of Mixin black tea,dried it in the air and analysed the content of soluble fluoride﹑tea color and polyphenol in the material treated.Results: It was found that a range of 0%～63.31% of soluble fluoride in the raw tea was fixed as adding a dosage of 0%～2.5% of the emulsion calculated as dry bone salt,no changes were found in tea color and polyphenol.The soluble fluoride content was controlled to the level under 300mg /kg as adding a dose of 1.5% of emulsion reagent.Conclusion: The soluble fluoride of raw black tea can be fixed by bone salt emulsion.
Pros and cons of screening for BRCA mutations.

Estimates suggest that about 80% of breast cancers and 90% of ovarian cancers are sporadic [1]; only 5% to 10% of breast cancers are hereditary. Hereditary mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for 60% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers [1]. According to data from the National Cancer Institute [2], the risk of a BRCA2 mutation carrier developing breast cancer by age 70 years is 45%, and her risk of developing ovarian cancer is 11%–17%; BRCA1 mutation carriers have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer (55%–65%) and a higher risk of ovarian cancer (39%). Until recently, the management of breast cancers resulting from a BRCA mutation did not differ from management of sporadic tumors. However, genetic information is now important in planning surgeries and adjuvant therapies, and genetic testing for BRCA mutations is increasingly being used for risk assessment. This article will examine the pros and cons of such testing and discuss how it can affect patient care.
Illicit trade in counterfeit medicines

This chapter presents an assessment of illicit trade in counterfeit medicines, which in the 21st century has changed starkly in its geographical scope and pervasiveness across different product classes. Masquerading as curative medicines, counterfeit pharmaceuticals are increasingly prevalent and profitable. In addressing the threat of counterfeit drugs, there is obvious scope for benefiting both consumers and international pharmaceutical firms. Pharmaceutical counterfeiting has been identified over thirty years ago but went undiscussed. The industry now not only readily concedes counterfeiting is a threat to its business, in some cases it publicly addresses the strategies and anti-counterfeiting technologies in use and development. Acknowledging the problem enables better partnering with governments, health advocates and other supply-chain entities, since the incentives are aligned to prevent counterfeiting. In light of the more public and more aggressive campaigns against counterfeiting, it is important to examine the extent of the problem, what is known about counterfeit production and distribution, the links to organised crime and the policy responses that have been particularly effective. This paper reviews each of these in turn, as well as new policy initiatives that appear promising.
Effect of laidlomycin propionate on site and extent of digestion in feedlot cattle 199

Four beef steers (300 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were randomly allotted in a 4 x 4 Latin Square to determine the effects of different levels of the ionophore laidlomycin propionate (LP) on characteristics of digestion of an 82% concentrate diet. Treatments consisted of LP provided in the diet at 0, 6, 9, and 12 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM). The diet [95.3% organic matter (OM), 31.4% starch, 12.3% crude protein (CP), and 11.1% acid detergent fibre (ADF) on a DM basis] was fed at 2% of body weight (BW) in two equal meals daily (0800 and 2000 h). Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was mixed in the diet daily (15 g) and duodenal and faecal concentrations utilised in flow and excretion calculations. Laidlomycin propionate demonstrated no response on apparent ruminal OM digestion (63.3 vs 64.3, 63.8, and 62.8%; P > 0.10), or apparent ruminal ADF digestion (33.1 vs 33.4, 31.7, and 34.9%; P > 0.10), for 0, 6, 9, and 12 mg kg-1 LP, respectively. However, apparent intestinal ADF digestion was maximized (18.2 vs 34.3%; P 0.10) was unaffected by the treatment. Apparent total tract nitrogen digestion values were 63.3, 67.4, 71.4, and 68.6% for 0, 6, 9, and 12 mg kg-1 of LP, respectively, although these values were not different (P > 0.05). In conclusion, administration of LP had no effects on ruminal, duodenal flow, and total tract digestion of DM, OM, and starch.
What to Do When Diagnosed with Aniridia: The Role of Patients’ Associations – Bringing Together Support, Education, and Research to Find the Aniridia Solution

Aniridia has been known for decades as a genetic eye disorder most commonly caused by a mutation in the PAX6 gene. However the “true scope” of this disorder was not fully understood until recently. Today the disorder is known as “aniridia syndrome” since research has shown that the PAX6 gene is responsible for more than just development of the eyes. It has been found that the role of PAX6 can have systemic effects as well; although more research is necessary in the areas of the brain, pancreas, olfactory and central nervous system. The Aniridia Foundation International (AFI), a 501(c)3 nonprofit, collects data to assist in research, provides educational conferences and support to those with aniridia syndrome. AFI is headquartered in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Virginia (UVa). Several of the AFI programs will be incorporated into the UVa Ophthalmology’s new Congenital Eye Disorder program. Progress has been made in the understanding of aniridia syndrome through this “team effort model” involving physicians, basic science researchers and those affected with aniridia syndrome. The benefit of these collaborations are that those with genetic syndromes like aniridia or congenital eye disorders can receive specialized ophthalmic and medical care, education, patient support and assist with research advancement through studies and clinical trials all in one place. The information gained from this unique collaboration, and the programs discussed here will benefit those with congenital aniridia syndrome today and in future generations.
MAP Kinase in Yeast

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a brief overview of the different mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in yeast and discusses how physical interactions with regulatory proteins such as scaffolds, activating kinases, and substrates regulate pathway specificity. It also elucidates how their function is dynamically controlled at the level of localization and the strength and duration of activation. The proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and response to a variety of stresses of budding yeast S. cerevisiae are governed by five different MAPKs, which function in six MAPK cascades that respond to different nutritional states, hormonal inputs, or osmotic imbalance. Three of the MAPKs are expressed in dividing haploid and diploid cells (Kss1, Mpk1/Slt2, Hog1), the fourth MAPK (Fus3) is expressed in dividing haploid cells, and the fifth MAPK (Smk1) is expressed in cells undergoing meiosis and sporulation. MAPKs Fus3 and Kss1 function in the mating pathway, which is activated by peptide pheromones and causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, along with polarized growth and additional differentiative events that prepare cells for cell attachment and fusion. The yeast MAPKs are activated by a wide variety of means, including a serpentine receptor and heterotrimeric G protein in the mating pathway, a Ras-linked mechanism for the filamentous growth pathways that activates Cdc42 GTPase by an unknown mechanism with separate input from transmembrane sensors Sho1 and Msb2, and multiple plasma membrane sensors (Sho1, Msb2, Opy2, Hkr1) and a two-component system in the HOG pathway. The activation mechanism for the S. cerevisiae MAPKs is highly conserved, and involves phosphorylation of conserved threonine and tyrosine residues in the signature T-X-Y sequence within the activation (or T) loop at the catalytic cleft by the appropriate dual specificity MKK.
Problems and Improvements in the Development of Good Laboratory Practice

ABSTRACT The U.S. Food and Drug Administration published Good Laboratory Practice Regulations (Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 58) for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies (GLPs) intended to assure the quality and integrity of safety data collected on drugs, food additives and medical devices. The GLPs which became effective on June 20, 1979 apply to all laboratories involved in safety assessment. The GLPs do not describe the “science” of safety assessment nor do they mandate specific study plans or standard operating procedures; rather, they stipulate those laboratory practices and procedures essential to the proper collection and documentation of safety data. Accordingly, they contain sections on all features of toxicology laboratory operation - organization and personnel, facilities, equipment, testing facilities operation, test and control articles, protocol for a nonclinical laboratory study, and records and reports. U.S. laboratories have made excellent progress in adopting GLPs. In FY 1980 only 3 of 130 laboratories inspected were seriously out of compliance. Generally, GLPs have had a beneficial impact on toxicology testing. The quality of final reports received by FDA has improved and the data provide a sound basis for agency decision-making. Further, as results of FDA's inspections show, both U.S. and foreign laboratories recognize that GLPs provide sound guidance on the conduct of toxicology testing.
Mechanistic Study of CO2 Photoreduction with H2O on Cu/TiO2 Nanocomposites by in Situ X-ray Absorption and Infrared Spectroscopies

Cu/TiO2 composites are extensively studied for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O, but the roles of Cu species (Cu2+, Cu+, or Cu0) is not well understood, and the photocatalyst deactivation mechanism is seldom addressed. In this work, we have employed in situ techniques, i.e., X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), to explore the surface chemistry of Cu/TiO2 composites under CO2 photoreduction environment. We found that the air-calcined Cu/TiO2 (Cu/Ti(air)) surface was dominated by isolated Cu2+ sites, while the one post-treated with H2 at 200 °C (Cu/Ti(H2)) was rich in Cu+ and oxygen vacancy (VO). Cu/Ti(H2) showed more than 50% higher activity than Cu/Ti(air) for CO2 photoreduction to CO, mainly resulting from the synergy of Cu+, OH groups, and VO that could scavenge holes to enhance electron transfer, provide CO2 adsorption sites, and facilitate the activation and conversion of the adsorbed CO2 (HCO3– and CO2–). Meanwhile, the ...
ITF2357, a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Demonstrates Significant Apoptotic Activity Against Human Multiple Myeloma Cells.

We have evaluated the efficacy of a novel hydroxamic acid-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, ITF2357, to promote cell death in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. HDAC inhibitors, which promote histone hyperacetylation and increase gene expression, have been evaluated as candidate agents for combating malignancies because they impact the expression of genes related to proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Exposure of MM cell lines to 1 micromolar ITF2357 led to dramatically increased levels of histone acetylation at 4 hours and 8 hours by Western analysis. Sub-micromolar concentrations of ITF2357 promoted time- and concentration-dependent cell death in MM cell lines. Using 500 nM ITF2357, a concentration potentially achievable in vivo, viability of KAS-6/1 IL-6 dependent myeloma cells was reduced to 28% of control at 24 hrs and 2% of control at 48 hours (Figure 1). In contrast, viability of normal PBMCs was 100% at 24 hours and 80% at 48 hours (Figure 2). U266 and 8226 myeloma cells were found to be sensitive to ITF-2357 in a similar fashion with U266 being least sensitive. Cell death proceeded via apoptosis as measured using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. ITF 2357 was superior to suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) at inhibition of stromal cell IL-6 production. IL-1beta (10 pg/ml) was used to stimulate bone marrow stromal cell IL-6 production (105 ng/ml) after 48 hours. Concentration of ITF2357:Stromal Cell IL-6 production after 48 hours were as follows - 10 nM: 78 ng/ml; 100 nM: 79 ng/ml; 1000 nM; 32 ng/ml. SAHA at similar concentrations showed no significant decrease in stromal cell IL-6 production compared with the no drug control. In summary, ITF2357 induces significant myeloma cell apoptosis and can inhibit stromal cell IL-6 production. It represents an attractive therapeutic candidate for MM clinical trials. ![Figure][1] Figure ![Figure][1] Figure [1]: pending:yes
IP-Centric Methodology and Design with the SpecC Language

In this paper, we demonstrate the application of the specify-explore-refine (SER) paradigm for an IP-centric codesign of embedded systems. We describe the necessary design tasks required to map an abstract executable specification of the system to the architectural implementation model. We also describe the final and intermediate models generated as a result of these design tasks. The executable specification and its refinements should support easy insertion and reuse of IPs.
Two Topics in Chemical Instabilities: I Periodic Precipitation Processes; II Resonances in Oscillatory Reactions and Glycolysis

In a series of experiments [1–4] we have investigated the periodic precipitation process known as Liesegang ring formation in which a sparingly soluble salt is precipitated in discontinuous bands during the diffusion of an electrolyte into a second electrolyte solution. We also performed experiments on instabilities in colloidal growth in which macroscopic structure arises from an electrolyte solution in the absence of concentration gradients. In our studies we were mainly concerned with the temporal development of Liesegang structures and the influence of the concentrations of the reagents on these spatial patterns.
Knowledge, behavioral practices, and experiences of outdoor fallers: Implications for prevention programs.

Abstract Objective Although the epidemiology and prevention of falls has been well studied, the focus has been on indoor rather than outdoor falls. Older adults’ knowledge of outdoor risk factors and their outdoor fall prevention practices have not been examined. To fill this gap, and to inform the development of a prevention program, we sought to explore the experiences and fall prevention knowledge and practices of older adults who had sustained an outdoor fall. Methods A cross-sectional study using random digit telephone dialing was used to survey community dwelling seniors (N = 120) across the five boroughs of New York City. We used the Outdoor Falls Questionnaire (OFQ), a valid and reliable tool as the survey instrument. Perceived outdoor fall risks, strategies used for prevention, and outdoor fall experiences were examined. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive analysis of participant characteristics and to determine frequencies of perceived outdoor fall risks and strategies used for prevention. Phenomenological analysis was used with the qualitative data. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed separately and a mixed methods matrix was used to interpret and integrate the findings. Results Analysis revealed diverse unmet education and training needs including the importance of using single vision glasses, understanding the fall risks associated with recreational areas and parking lots, safe outdoor walking strategies, safe carrying of items on level and uneven surfaces, as well as when walking up and down stairs, and safety in opening/closing doors. Conclusions Study findings are informative for outdoor fall prevention programs as well as practice.
Defining a Perspective on Nonverbal Behavior

Curiosity about the role of nonverbal behavior in everyday life is a widespread phenomenon. For the layman, the study of nonverbal behavior seems to provide an indirect means of knowing more about other people. Presumably the information gleaned from another person’s nonverbal behavior is more representative of “true” characteristics, attitudes, and feelings than that offered verbally. That is, most of us assume that nonverbal behavior is spontaneous and sincere, whereas verbal behavior is easily managed and often used to deceive. For example, even though we may have no independent knowledge of the truth of another person’s statement, we may judge confidently from another person’s nonverbal behavior that a given statement is true.
Gender Differences in Attributions and Emotions in Helping Contexts

Gender differences in the provision and receipt of emotional support may result from differences in the formation of responsibility and effort attributions in support-seeking interactions. Participants (N = 1,211, primarily middle-class, European American college students) read support-seeking scenarios that varied in support-seeker gender, responsibility for the problem, and effort to resolve the problem, as well as the problem itself, and completed measures of responsibility, effort attributions, and emotions (anger, sympathy). Results indicated qualified and subtle gender differences in attributions, emotions, and attribution--emotion associations, which are broadly consistent with the application of gendered moral orientations and instrumentality norms. These findings are discussed with respect to theorizing about gender differences in attribution processes and emotional support behavior.
Abstract B39: A pilot study of neuropsychological functions, APOE, and amyloid imaging in patients with gliomas

Patients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy (RT) often develop cognitive dysfunction, and recent studies suggest that the apolipoprotein (APOE) ϵ-4 allele may influence cognitive outcome. The ϵ-4 allele promotes beta (β) amyloid deposition in the cortex, and preliminary evidence suggests that RT may be associated with β-amyloid deposition. In this pilot study, we assessed neuropsychological functions and β-amyloid retention using 18F-florbetaben PET in a subset of brain tumor patients who participated in our study of APOE polymorphisms and cognitive functions. Twenty glioma patients treated with conformal RT ± chemotherapy participated in the study: 6 were APOE ϵ-4 carriers and 14 were non-ϵ-4 carriers. Patients completed a neuropsychological reevaluation and brain MRI and 18F-florbetaben PET scans. The results of Wilcoxon rank sums test comparisons between prior and current assessments showed a significant decline in selective attention (Brief Test of Attention, p=0.018), and a near-significant decline in verbal learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Learning, p=0.07). Comparisons between assessments by APOE status showed a significant decline in attention and working memory (WAIS-III digits forward, p=0.028 and digits backward, p=0.032) among APOE ϵ-4 carriers. Comparisons of PET regional standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) showed near-significant differences for the medial temporal cortex (p=0.069) and the putamen (p=0.069), with non-ϵ-4 carriers having higher SUVRs. The findings suggest that glioma patients may experience progressive worsening in attention and executive functions several years after treatment with RT ± chemotherapy, and that the APOE ϵ-4 allele may moderate cognitive decline. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Denise Correa, Maria Kryza-Lacombe, Xiaosun Zhou, Raymond Baser, Brad Beattie, Zodina Beiene, Irene Orlow, John Humm, Lisa DeAngelis, Wolfgang Weber, Joseph Osborne. A pilot study of neuropsychological functions, APOE, and amyloid imaging in patients with gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B39.
Looking Through Your Smartphone Screen to Steal Your Pin Using a 3D Camera

Recent research shows that video recordings of the user’s hand movement and his or her smartphone screen display can be used to steal sensitive information such as pins and passwords. The methods presented in the past assume the victim to be present in a well illuminated place. In this paper, we present a novel attack on the smartphone users’ pins that does not require a highly illuminated room and works even in the complete darkness. We use a DS325 Soft Kinect camera to record the users’ interaction with their smartphones while they type their pins. Using the 900 short RGBD video recording of the pin entry process from 30 different users, we show our attack was able to break 43% of the pins in the first attempt and 61% of the pins in the first 10 attempts. With the advancements in the quality and accessibility of the depth-sensing cameras day by day, we believe our work exposes a major security risk in the present and future and calls the community to take a closer look at the security measures for the usage of the smart devices.
Grammars and Parsing Strategies

There is no doubt that the development of the generative transformational grammar and the transformational theory in linguistics have had the widest and the most profound impact on all aspects of studies on human language processing in the last several decades. Many of the divergent and competing theories extant today started as offshoots or variants of the TG theory although it is sometimes hard to see the connection now. It is for these reasons that we have devoted a chapter in the first part of this study to the transformational theory. In this chapter we will discuss various other grammatical studies, parsing strategies, and theoretical proposals that have relevance for the plan and goals of this study.
Multi-physics simulations of particle tracking in arterial geometries with a scalable moving window algorithm

In arterial systems, cancer cell trajectories determine metastatic cancer locations; similarly, particle trajectories determine drug delivery distribution. Predicting trajectories is challenging, as the dynamics are affected by local interactions with red blood cells, complex hemodynamic flow structure, and downstream factors such as stenoses or blockages. Direct simulation is not possible, as a single simulation of a large arterial domain with explicit red blood cells is currently intractable on even the largest supercomputers. To overcome this limitation, we present a multi-physics adaptive window algorithm, in which individual red blood cells are explicitly modeled in a small region of interest moving through a coupled arterial fluid domain. We describe the coupling between the window and fluid domains, including automatic insertion and deletion of explicit cells and dynamic tracking of cells of interest by the window. We show that this algorithm scales efficiently on heterogeneous architectures and enables us to perform large, highly-resolved particle-tracking simulations that would otherwise be intractable.
Fraternal Betrayal? The Spanish Army and the Decolonization of Morocco

This article examines the Spanish army during the decolonization of Morocco, and it explores the connection between Spanish cultural perceptions – seen most clearly in the myth of Spanish-Moroccan ...
People of Thai Heritage

Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized by a European power. Thailand today is composed of a unique blend of traditions reaching back to its origins as a mixture of Southeast Asian peoples, its background in Buddhism, and its profound influences inherited from the cultures of both India and China. For providers of health care to Thai patients, the beliefs and practices that stem from these combined traditions can present both opportunities and challenges. Little is known bout Thais who have migrated to other countries. This chapter follows the dominant values and beliefs according to the 12 domains of the Purnell Model of Cultural Competence: overview/heritage, communication, family roles and organization, workforce issues, biocultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, nutrition, pregnancy, death rituals, spirituality, health-care practices, and health-care practitioners.
A Connection-Free Reliable Transport Protocol

The Internet Transport Protocol (ITP) is introduced as an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for reliable end-to-end transport services in the IP Internet. The design of ITP is based on Walden’s early work on host-host protocols, and the use of receiver-driven Interests and manifests advocated in several information-centric networking architectures. The performance of ITP is compared against the performance of TCP using off-the-shelf implementations in the ns3 simulator. The results show that ITP is inherently better than TCP and that end-to-end connections are not needed to provide efficient and reliable data exchange in the IP Internet.
Impact of Resection Margin Status in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: a National Cohort Study.

To assess the predictors and influence of resection margins and the role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy on survival for a national cohort of patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Using the National Cancer Data Base between 2004 and 2016, 56,532 patients were identified who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Univariate and multivariate models were employed to identify factors predicting R0/R1 resection and assess the impact on survival. In total, 48,367 (85.6%) patients were found to have negative margins (R0) compared to 8165 (14.4%) who had microscopic residual tumor (R1). Factors predicting positive margin on univariate analysis included male gender, Medicare, advanced stage, moderately or poorly differentiated tumor, lymphovascular invasion, and tumors > 2 cm. Factors predicting R0 resection included receipt of neoadjuvant therapy and treatment at an Academic/Research Center. Following adjustment for other factors, margin status remained an independent predictor for overall survival (HR: 1.24; 95% CI 1.22–1.27, p < 0.001) (1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates (R0: 77%, 37%, and 25% vs R1: 62%, 19%, and 10%). A positive margin predicts a poorer survival than R0 resections regardless of stage and receipt of adjuvant therapy. Several modifiable factors significantly predict the likelihood of R0 resection including neoadjuvant treatment and treatment at Academic/Research Programs. Knowledge about these factors can help guide patient management by offering neoadjuvant treatment modalities at Academic as well as Community hospitals.
Chatting without Borders: Assessment as the First Step in Cultivating an Accessible Chat Reference Service.

As distance education programs grow at college and universities across the country, libraries must ensure virtual reference services are prepared to meet the needs of patrons in these programs. Thi...
Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases of Diatomic Molecules Calculated Using Partition Functions and Sample Problems

The material presented in this lecture is adapted from Chapter 4 of M&S. In Lecture 40, we presented expressions for the translational and electronic contributions to the partition function of a diatomic molecule. In this lecture, first, we will discuss the vibrational contribution to the partition function of a diatomic molecule, including deriving expressions for the average vibrational energy and vibrational contribution to the heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas of diatomic molecules. Second, we will introduce the characteristic vibrational temperature, whose value relative to the system temperature will determine the probability that a given vibrational energy level is populated. Further, we will solve Sample Problem 41.1 to calculate the probability that a vibrational energy level is populated in the case of nitrogen molecules, including discussing the effect of temperature. Third, we will discuss the rotational contribution to the partition function of a diatomic molecule, including deriving expressions for the average rotational energy and rotational contribution to the heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas of diatomic molecules. In addition, we will introduce the characteristic rotational temperature, whose value relative to the system temperature will determine the probability that a given rotational energy level is populated. Fourth, we will emphasize that the rotational partition function of a diatomic molecule contains a symmetry number, which is equal to one when the two atoms comprising the diatomic molecule are different (referred to as the heteronuclear case) and is equal to two when the two atoms are identical (referred to as the homonuclear case). Fifth, we will present an expression for the total partition function of a diatomic molecule, which includes translational, vibrational, rotational, and electronic contributions. Finally, we will solve Sample Problem 41.2 to calculate the average molar internal energy and molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas of diatomic molecules, including identifying the various contributions to each thermodynamic property.
Mutual Fund Advisory Fees: From Gartenberg to Jones

The paper surveys three important mutual fund advisory fee cases that defined the 36(b)-litigation landscape between Gartenberg v. Merrill Lynch and Jones v. Harris. It also provides a simple and clear example of economies of scale in the mutual fund advisory function and discusses how an equitable sharing of economies of scale with fund investors may be accomplished. Finally, the paper argues against the proposition the mutual fund advisory fees are subject to the forces of arm’s length bargaining.
The cell-free system: A new apparatus for affordable, sensitive, and portable healthcare

Abstract The cell-free system is a tool that harnesses the complex biological processes outside of living cells. Owing to the system’s superior flexibility and manipulability, it has matured its technological and scientific potential for more than five decades, with exponential growth in research in the twenty-first century. While the conventional cell-free system has been utilized to understand cellular physiology and protein synthesis by in vitro transcription and translation reaction, in recent years, the cell-free system has evolved into a practical biomanufacturing platform, as well as a substantial research framework for synthetic biology. This comprehensive review covers recent milestones and achievements of the cell-free system as a new apparatus in healthcare, including cell-free biosensing and screening, biomanufacturing of medicine and therapeutics, and system portability.
The Committee of Style and the Federalist Constitution

The conventional interpretation of the Constitution assumes that the Committee of Style, which created the final draft of the Constitution, lacked authority to engage with substance; therefore, any arguably substantive changes it did make should be disregarded in favor of earlier draft language found in the Constitutional Convention records. This "Style doctrine" has been embraced by the Supreme Court and several leading constitutional scholars. This article argues that the Style doctrine is historically unfounded and obscures the Constitution's original meaning. The Committee of Style was not prohibited from proposing substantive changes. In any case, most of the revisions proposed by the Committee of Style clarified or reinforced Federalist positions rather than proposing substantive changes. Ultimately, the Style doctrine is an artifact of post-ratification developments tending to disregard elements of the more nationalistic constitutional vision of the Federalist Framers.
SCALE 6: Comprehensive Nuclear Safety Analysis Code System

Version 6 of the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) computer software system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, released in February 2009, contains significant...
Purification of an autocrine growth factor homologous with mouse epithelin precursor from a highly tumorigenic cell line

PC cell line is a highly tumorigenic insulin-independent variant from the teratoma-derived adipogenic cell line 1246. Culture medium of PC cells contains a growth promoting activity for 3T3 cells and producer cells. PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) was purified to homogeneity from PC cell-conditioned medium as an apparent 88-kDa protein by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, Sephacryl S-200, and phenyl-Sepharose. Digestion with peptide-N-glycosidase F yielded an apparent 68-kDa protein component indicating that PCDGF is a glycoprotein containing about 20 kDa of carbohydrate. Partial sequence from Edman degradation of peptide fragments obtained by digestion of PCDGF with cyanogen bromide and trypsin demonstrates that PCDGF contains regions of sequence identity to that deduced from the granulin or epithelin precursor cDNAs. Granulins are small polypeptides purified from granulocyte extracts with no apparent biological functions. Epithelins are cell growth modulators purified as small molecular mass 6-kDa polypeptides from kidney extracts. The existence of a large molecular mass precursor for granulin or epithelin has been predicted based upon recently cloned cDNAs encoding these biomolecules within a 63.5-kDa protein with putative glycosylation sites. No biological activity has previously been attributed to the precursor. The present results indicate that PCDGF is a potential precursor for epithelin and/or granulin, that this 88-kDa protein is secreted and glycosylated, and that it can function as a mitogen for 3T3 cells as well as an autocrine growth factor for PC cells.
Principles of gender-specific medicine

Gender and Development Central Nervous System Cardiology Pulmonology Gastroenterology Reproductive Biology Oncology Nutrition Drug Metabolis Infectious Disease Bone Immunology/ Rheumatology Aging
Inverted Cylindrical Magnetron Sputtering

The shape of inverted cylindrical magnetrons makes them ideal for coating a variety of optical components having non-planar geometries such as prisms, gratings and spherical lenses. In addition, combining dual cathode mid frequency unbalanced magnetron sputtering with the cylindrical geometry produces a unique source for ion enhanced deposition on planar substrates located at the ends of the cathode. Using a 330 mm diameter source, thickness uniformity on stationary substrates of ± 0.25 % over a diameter of 160 mm and ± 1.3 % over 200 mm can be achieved. SiO2 and Ta2O5 deposited on Si have indices of refraction at a wavelength 632 nm of 1.47 and 2.13 respectively and dispersion similar to those reported for ion assisted processes. The off-axis nature of this arrangement makes such sources particularly useful where the acceleration of negative ions produced at the target surface can damage sensitive materials such as OLEDs. Inverse zylindrische Magnetron Sputterquellen fur optische SchichtenDie Form inverser zylindrischer Magnetrons pradestiniert diese zur Beschichtung optischer Komponenten mit nicht-planaren Geometrien, wie z. B. Prismen, Gitter oder spharische Linsen. Zusatzlich erlaubt die Kombination mit unbalanciertem Magnetronsputtern bei mittleren Frequenzen eine ionengestutzte Beschichtung planarer Substrate an einem Ende der Hohlkathode.Der Einsatz einer Quelle mit 330 mm Durchmesser gewahrleistet eine Gleichmasigkeit der Schichtdicke, die uber 160 mm Durchmesser lediglich um 0,25 % schwankt und uber 200 mm um 1,5 %. Auf Silizium deponiertes SiO2 und Ta2O5 haben bei 632 nm Brechungsindizes von 1,47 bzw. 2,13 und zeigen ein Dispersionsverhalten vegrleichbar mit Schichten, die mit anderen ionengestutzten Verfahren erzielt werden. Aufgrund der Beschichtungsgeometrie, die das Substrat vor substratschadigenden beschleunigten negativen Ionen schutzt, eignet sich diese Anordnung besonders zur Beschichtung empfindlicher Werkstucke wie z. B. OLEDs.
Ishi, Kroeber, and Modernity

tions also gave me more insight into Taylor’s more famous work. A Harvard graduate, Taylor also questioned the validity of culture traits as applied by Americanist archaeologists. Like his colleagues, he also took Haury to task, along with most other prominent culture historians of his day, only to argue in the end for a better version of culture history where culture traits were mental phenomena. His critiques inspired many, but his inability to leave the trait-based framework behind rendered his conjunctive approach unworkable in the absence of poststructural theory. In sum, I found this book full of lessons about the processes of archaeological discovery and history within the American Southwest and beyond. Although the writers did not mythologize the past, I could not help doing so as I read it. There was something deeply heroic and tragic in the Harvard offspring constructing a new kingdom while consuming their mentors, only to pass along the palace to processual archaeology.
The impact of weight classification on safety: timing steps to adapt to external constraints.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate how weight classification influences safety by examining adults' ability to meet a timing constraint: walking to the pace of an audio metronome. METHODS: With a cross-sectional design, walking parameters were collected as 55 adults with normal (n=30) and overweight (n=25) body mass index scores walked to slow, normal, and fast audio metronome paces. RESULTS: Between group comparisons showed that at the fast pace, those with overweight body mass index (BMI) had longer double limb support and stance times and slower cadences than the normal weight group (all psCONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that those with overweight BMI alter their gait to maintain biomechanical stability. Understanding how excess weight influences gait adaptation can inform interventions to improve safety for individuals with obesity. Language: en