cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prosecuting Human Traffickers by Mobilizing Human Rights Defenders as Victims’ Advocates

Freed from brick kilns, organ transplant clinics, and brothels, survivors of human trafficking are re-victimized by a “justice” system in Nepal that has been entrenched for decades in legitimized prejudice against the marginalized. As a consequence, former victims of human trafficking find it nearly impossible to navigate through Nepal’s opaque judicial system to a successful prosecution of their traffickers. To turn around the laughable conviction rate, the justice system needs articulate and courageous witnesses for the prosecution. This Article proposes a framework to meet this goal. An under-utilized cadre of foot soldiers—working to expose human rights violations, known as “Human Rights Defenders” (HRDs)—should be mobilized as court advocates in every district of Nepal, to advise victims from police intake through sentencing. Strategically placed and trained, HRDs would provide a cost effective oversight in a legal system that cries out for accountability and change, as well as serve as the eyes of the international community. † I dedicate this Article to a brave HRD, Indira Ghale, who fights relentlessly on behalf of the least of these in Nepal and who inspired many of us. Special thanks to colleague Andrea Panjwani, cochair of Immigrant Defense Fund, and law clerks Julia Pham, and Teresa Messer.  Clinical Professor of Asylum and Human Trafficking, South Texas College of Law, Founder, Lawyers Against Human Trafficking, Member, Mayor’s Task Force on Human Trafficking, Houston, Texas. Washington University Open Scholarship 2 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY GLOBAL STUDIES LAW REVIEW [VOL. 15:1
Pain transduction: a pharmacologic perspective.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pain represents a necessary physiological function yet remains a significant pathological process in humans across the world. The transduction of a nociceptive stimulus refers to the processes that turn a noxious stimulus into a transmissible neurological signal. This involves a number of ion channels that facilitate the conversion of nociceptive stimulus into and electrical signal.Areas covered: An understanding of nociceptive physiology complements a discussion of analgesic pharmacology. Therefore, the two are presented together. In this review article, a critical evaluation is provided on research findings relating to both the physiology and pharmacology of relevant acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, and voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels.Expert commentary: Despite significant steps toward identifying new and more effective modalities to treat pain, there remain many avenues of inquiry related to pain transduction. The activity ...
Solitary extramedullary and bone plasmacytomas versus multiple myeloma with extramedullary manifestation.

Extramedullary disease in plasma cell disorders can occur as a solitary plasmacytoma or can involve multiple sites with vastly different clinical outcomes. The article by Khaliq et al reports an unusual case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) of the bladder in which the patient had a favorable outcome with lenalidomide/dexamethasone after failing first-line treatment with radiotherapy. In this context it is interesting to compare clinical outcomes of this entity to two other clinical variants of myeloma: solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), and multiple myeloma with extramedullary plasmacytomas (MM/EP).
Allosteric Drug Antagonism

This chapter explains allosteric drug antagonism. Allosteric effects are defined by the interaction of an allosteric modulator at a so-called allosteric binding site on the protein to affect the conformation at the probe site of the protein. Since the probe and modulator molecules do not interact directly, their influence on each other must take place through a change in shape of the protein. Allosteric effects have been studied and described for enzymes. A major molecular mechanism of receptor antagonism involves the binding of the antagonist to its own site on the receptor separate from the binding site of the endogenous agonist. When this occurs, the interaction between the agonist and antagonist takes place through the receptor protein. This is referred to as an allosteric interaction. Allosteric modulators affect the interaction of the receptor and probe molecules by binding to separate sites on the receptor. These effects are transmitted through changes in the receptor protein. These modulators possess properties different from orthosteric ligands. Specifically, allosteric effects are saturable and probe dependent. Allosteric effects result in changes in affinity and efficacy of agonists. Sole effects on affinity (with no change in receptor function) result in surmountable antagonism. The dextral displacement reaches a maximal value leading to a curvilinear Schild regression.
Access to Geotechnical Information

Today, there is a proliferation of information in all technical fields. In the geotechnical community, publication of relevant data occurs in many journals, magazines, and conference proceedings. This paper reports on a number of approaches to assist people in locating items of personal interest. Details are given for one example of a database search for thermal fracture of rock. The resulting citations are then manipulated by Pro-Cite, a personal bibliographic software package.
Gerbes on G2 manifolds

Abstract On a projective complex manifold, the Abelian group of divisors maps surjectively onto that of holomorphic line bundles (the Picard group). On a G 2 -manifold we use coassociative submanifolds to define an analogue of the divisors, and a gauge theoretical equation for a connection on a gerbe to define an analogue of the Picard group. Then, we construct a map from the former to the later. We also prove that the canonical map from our analogue of the Picard group to the third cohomology group with integer coefficients is surjective. As a side remark we make an observation relating the topological type of coassociative submanifolds and the cohomology classes they represent.
Richly Specified Input to Language Learning

Language is learned, in the course of the everyday events of the first five years of life by children bright and dull, eager or sullen, pampered or abused, exposed to Urdu or to English. This universal learning despite varying environments poses a problem to general inductive theories of language learning. This is largely because the rich input data would seem to allow the learner to form a bewildering number of generalizations, many of them absurd. Along with some others, we argue that the child has specific dispositions about how to organize and represent linguistic stimulation, and that it is these representational biases that rescue his inductions from potentially unlimited pitfalls.
Public Librarians Reflect Belief in Intellectual Freedom through Collection Development Activities

A Review of: Oltmann, S. M. (2016). Public Librarians' Views on Collection Development and Censorship. Collection Management, 41(1), 23-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01462679.2015.1117998 Objective – To examine public librarians’ perspectives on censorship and intellectual freedom in relation to collection development activities. Design – Survey combining questions from previous studies by Moody (2004) and Harkovitch, Hirst and Loomis (2003) with additional questions regarding intellectual freedom and demographics. Setting – Public libraries in the State of Ohio. Subjects – 251 directors and librarians responsible for collection development. Methods – The researcher created a survey in Qualtrics, a software that supports online data collection and analysis. It contained thirty-two structured and open-ended questions and took approximately 15-25 minutes to complete. To recruit participants, an explanatory letter and survey link were sent to every public library director in the State of Ohio. Directors were also asked to share the survey with librarians under their leadership who were responsible for collection development. To analyze the data set, cross-tabulations were run to identify statistically significant correlations between demographic and community variables. Main Results – The response rate was 43% (108 out of 251). Participants agreed with the American Library Association’s (ALA) definition of intellectual freedom, and to build collections that neither promote nor suppress specific ideas or beliefs. Only 3.7% of respondents reported decisions not to purchase materials due to fear of negative feedback from the community. Nearly 40% of participants reported conflict between personal and professional values at some time. All said that this dilemma had no bearing on professional collection development decisions. Contrary to anecdotal evidence that suggests librarians in rural or conservative communities are less likely to purchase controversial materials, the researcher found that community and political variables were not statistically significant; across the board, participants were most concerned with building balanced, well-developed collections. Gender, however, was statistically significant in terms of pressures felt to restrict access to materials; male librarians reported a higher number of instances where they felt internal or external pressures of this nature. However, as the number of male respondents was relatively low (15 out of 108 participants), the researcher did not draw concrete conclusions as to why this discrepancy exists. Conclusion – Study findings demonstrate a strong professional allegiance to intellectual freedom as defined by the ALA. In a practical sense, the participant group applied the principles of intellectual freedom to collection development activities regardless of demographic, community, or political variables.
Lens Aberrations and Aberration Correction

Aberrations in a lens refer to departure from the point-to-point imaging prescribed by the paraxial equation introduced in Chap. 6.
Sparse polynomial equalization of an RF receiver via algorithm, analog, and digital codesign

Nonlinear circuit behavior degrades system performance of RF receivers operating near the compression point, causing both in-band and out-of-band distortions. Linearity can be improved through analog design changes at the cost of greater power consumption. Alternatively, digital compensation algorithms can alleviate nonlinear distortions, but standard combinatorial models of nonlinear system behavior can require high-power digital circuits. We present preliminary results of a co-optimized receiver and digital equalizer achieving 80 dB spurious free dynamic range over 49 MHz while dissipating 132 mW. We describe the codesign process used to optimize power consumption across analog and digital circuits while meeting high linearity requirements.
Low phase noise array-composite micromechanical wine-glass disk oscillator

A reduction in phase noise by 13 dB has been obtained over a previous 60-MHz surface-micromachined micromechanical resonator oscillator by replacing the single resonator normally used in such oscillators with a mechanically-coupled array of them to effectively raise the power handling ability of the frequency selective tank. Specifically, a mechanically-coupled array of nine 60-MHz wine-glass disk resonators embedded in a positive feedback loop with a custom-designed, single-stage, zero-phase-shift sustaining amplifier achieves a phase noise of -123 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and -136 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offsets. When divided down to 10 MHz, this effectively corresponds to -138 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and -151 dBc/Hz at far from carrier offset, which represent 13 dB and 4 dB improvements over recently published work on surface-micromachined resonator oscillators, and also now beat stringent GSM phase noise requirements by 8 dB and 1 dB, respectively
Generationengerechtigkeit und die Überlieferung des Wissens an kommende Generationen. 5 Thesen zu einem neuen Arbeitsfeld für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken

Generationengerechtigkeit strebt den Ausgleich zwischen den Anspruchen der heutigen und der kommenden Generationen an. Sie hat sich als Konzept bei der nachhaltigen Sicherung der naturlichen Lebensgrundlagen bewahrt, lasst sich aber ebenso auf das Ziel anwenden, das Wissen aus der Kultur und aus den Wissenschaften fur die Zukunft dauerhaft nutzbar zu halten. Funf Thesen skizieren das neue Arbeitsfeld einer nachhaltigen und systematischen Uberlieferungsplanung fur wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken. The concept of intergenerational justice aims at a balance between the rights of the present generation and future generations. The concept has proved its worth with regard to the sustainable conservation of natural resources. Recent approaches have transferred it to the goal of "cultural transmission". This is supposed to make knowledge from culture and science permanently available for a long period. Against this background, five theses are presented. These highlight the challenges of planning such transmissions in a systematical and sustainable way, as a regular task for academic libraries.
IL1 beta impairs relational but not procedural rodent learning in a water maze task.

The behavioral signs of infectious illness have been well-documented. They typically include anorexia, somnolence, decreased locomotor activity, decreased social and novel stimulus exploration, and decreased sexual behavior (Hart, 1988; Bluthe, Dantzer, and Kelley, 1991; 1992). It is thought that sickness behavior represents an organized set of responses that conserves metabolic energy, making it available for the febrile response (Hart, 1988; Dantzer, Bluthe, Kent, & Kelley, 1992). Proinflammatory cytokines secreted by activated macrophages and other immunocompetent cells appear to mediate sickness (Bluthe, Dantzer,& Kelley, 1991; Crestani, Seguy, & Dantzer, 1991; Cunningham & DeSouza, 1993; Spadaro & Dunn, 1990; Kent, Bluthe, Dantzer, Hardwick, Kelley, Rothwell, & Vannice, 1992; Masotto, Caspani, Grazia deSimone, Mengozzi, Scatturni, Sironi, Carenzi, & Ghezzi, 1992).Among these cytokines, interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) represents a major ascending communication link between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system (e.g., Hall, O’Grady, & Menzies, 1992; Komaki, Arimura, and Koves, 1992).
Detection of antigens from gram-negative bacilli in urine of children with urinary tract infections. I. Common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) has attracted considerable interest since the original publication by Kunin in 1962. In the present study we demonstrated this antigen directly in the urine from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) elicited by enterobacteria. Sheep erythrocytes were incubated with UTI urine; this resulted in their coating with ECA, which was studied by means of hemagglutination by anti-ECA serum. Test tube hemagglutination and the more simple slide hemagglutination were employed and with both procedures similar results were obtained. Positive results were observed in 94-99% of urine specimens from enterobacterial UTI collected in The Buffalo Children's Hospital in the 1960s. ECA in urine could also be demonstrated by hemagglutination inhibition. In this test, antibodies in anti-ECA serum were neutralized as a result of incubation of this serum with urine, and agglutination by the antiserum of sheep erythrocytes coated with a standard ECA preparation was prevented or reduced. By means of this latter test, ECA could be demonstrated in 67-88% of urine specimens from enterobacterial UTI. The possible diagnostic application of these tests has been discussed.
Structure and Function of Ribosomes: Studies on Dissociation and Reconstitution of Ribosomal Particles

The ribosome is a cell organelle that is essential for protein synthesis. That the ribosomes provide sites for the binding of mRNA and the amino-acyl tRNA has been established (see reviews by Watson [1, 2]). In addition, the structural complexity of ribosomes suggests greater complexity in function and, in fact, there are several indications that the structure of ribosomes is profoundly involved in the translation of the genetic code [3, 4, 5]. Recent experiments also suggest that the peptidyl transferase is a part of 50 S ribosomal proteins [6, 7]. However, the detailed function of ribosomes in protein synthesis is still unclear. It appears that a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of protein synthesis must await an elucidation of the structure and function of ribosomes.
Teaching Missiology in and for World Christianity: Content and Method:

The article begins with a brief definition of “World Christianity” and elaborates three theses for conceiving the relationship between missiology and theology, the understanding and practice of Chr...
Future Interventional Oncology Catheter-Based Therapies

Minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of cancer continue to develop at a rapid pace. Although surgical resection currently remains the only option for a complete cure, not all diseases are amenable to complete removal. This leaves opportunities to develop effective downstaging techniques as well as palliative care. In the realm of minimally invasive oncologic techniques, catheter-based therapies are an attractive option because malignancies require a blood supply to remain active. The intra-arterial (IA) delivery of specific tumoricidal drugs has been shown to be a successful delivery method in a variety of different cancers, and it is currently a progressive area of research. There is work both to increase the delivery specificity of oncologic drugs, including SW43 sigma receptor ligand and nanoparticle research. In addition, oncolytic viral therapy and 3-bromopyruvate have become increasingly more attractive tumoricidal drug prospects. In the future, the success of these therapies will ultimately determine the degree to which IA delivery will compete with the systemic delivery of drugs in the treatment of cancer.
The Impact of Sexual Assault on College Students’ Daily Occupations: A Phenomenological Approach

Sexual assault is associated with a high degree of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) severity. Three in ten survivors of campus sexual assault develop PTSD over their lifetime. Occupational ther...
Quality of prostate cancer screening information on the websites of nationally recognized cancer centers and health organizations

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to survey the accessibility and quality of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening information from National Cancer Institute (NCI) cancer center and public health organization Web sites. Methods and materials We surveyed the December 1, 2016, version of all 63 NCI-designated cancer center public Web sites and 5 major online clearinghouses from allied public/private organizations (cancer.gov, cancer.org, PCF.org, USPSTF.org, and CDC.gov). Web sites were analyzed according to a 50-item list of validated health care information quality measures. Web sites were graded by 2 blinded reviewers. Interrater agreement was confirmed by Cohen kappa coefficient. Results Ninety percent of Web sites addressed PSA screening. Cancer center sites covered 45% of topics surveyed, whereas organization Web sites addressed 70%. All organizational Web pages addressed the possibility of false-positive screening results; 41% of cancer center Web pages did not. Forty percent of cancer center Web pages also did not discuss next steps if a PSA test was positive. Only 6% of cancer center Web pages were rated by our reviewers as "superior" (eg, addressing >75% of the surveyed topics) versus 20% of organizational Web pages. Interrater agreement between our reviewers was high (kappa coefficient=0.602). Conclusion NCI-designated cancer center Web sites publish lower quality public information about PSA screening than sites run by major allied organizations. Nonetheless, information and communication deficiencies were observed across all surveyed sites. In an age of increasing patient consumerism, prospective prostate cancer patients would benefit from improved online PSA screening information from provider and advocacy organizations. Validated cancer patient Web educational standards remain an important, understudied priority.
Soft biometric privacy: Retaining biometric utility of face images while perturbing gender

While the primary purpose for collecting biometric data (such as face images, iris, fingerprints, etc.) is for person recognition, yet recent advances in machine learning has shown the possibility of extracting auxiliary information from biometric data such as age, gender, health attributes, etc. These auxiliary attributes are sometimes referred to as soft biometrics. This automatic extraction of soft biometric attributes can happen without the user's agreement, thereby raising several privacy concerns. In this work, we design a technique that modifies a face image such that its gender as assessed by a gender classifier is perturbed, while its biometric utility as assessed by a face matcher is retained. Given an arbitrary biometric matcher and an attribute classifier, the proposed method systematically perturbs the input image such that the output of the attribute classifier is confounded, while the output of the biometric matcher is not significantly impacted. Experimental analysis convey the efficacy of the scheme in imparting gender privacy to face images.
Quantitative Evaluation of Neural Networks for NDE Applications Using the ROC Curve

This paper arose from the need to quantitatively evaluate performance of a neural network example used to distinguish corrosion from noise. Although this is a simple GO/NO-GO situation, many NDE systems can be reduced to this level; for example, corrosion/no corrosion, crack/no crack, dangerous crack/ineffective crack. Even when the size of a crack is to be determined, the instrument or operator must first be able to detect it. Many NDE managers would probably prefer this GO/NO-GO decision since it can easily be verified, is likely to be more accurate, predictable and fast.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris-like erythroderma secondary to phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition.

Background Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors are a class of small-molecule inhibitors approved for the treatment of certain leukaemias and lymphomas. Their dermatological adverse event profile is poorly described. Aim To characterize a rare cutaneous adverse event from PI3K inhibitors in order to help dermatologists and oncologists identify and effectively manage such eruptions. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients receiving PI3K inhibitors referred to the Skin Toxicities Program in The Center for Cutaneous Oncology. Results Three patients on PI3K inhibitors for treatment of malignancy developed diffuse erythroderma and keratoderma. Clinical and histopathological findings were consistent with pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP)-like reactions. All patients improved with topical and oral corticosteroids, oral acitretin, and drug discontinuation. Conclusions PRP-like cutaneous eruptions may develop secondary to PI3K inhibition. Early dermatological evaluation of cutaneous toxicities to PI3K inhibitors as well as rapid initiation of disease-specific treatments may help keep patients on life-prolonging anti-cancer therapies.
Solvent Substitution as a Probe of Gating Processes in Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels

Although it is widely accepted that ion transport across excitable membranes occurs via voltage-dependent ion-selective channels, and much has been learned about the microscopic events which occur prior to, during, and following activation of such channels, many important questions remain unresolved. For example, does the transient conductivity of channels arise from a relatively small alteration in the conformation of a preexisting structure (a “gate”), or is it due to a field-dependent activation of channel precursors, which must then interact locally to form a conducting pathway? Because the transmembrane electric field is the independent variable that controls permeability, activation of channels is likely to be triggered by some intramembrane charge movement, but what is the molecular origin of this displacement current and what relationship does it have to the creation of a conducting channel? Once opened, what is the nature of the pathway an ion sees in traversing the membrane? Does physiological inactivation of the Na+ channel depend on the existence of another specialized gate-like structure, or on the interaction of a blocking particle with the conducting channel? Is inactivation perhaps just a consequence of the relative stability of one of several intermediate, nonconducting protein conformations, so that the term “inactivation” becomes a misnomer to the extent that it is taken to imply the existence of a separate kinetic process? In an attempt to answer such questions investigators have drugged, irradiated, and digested axons, have grossly altered internal and external electrolyte compositions, and have subjected axons to increasingly more complex voltage-clamp protocols.
Domino Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of [2.2.2]Diazabicycloalkenes and Base-Promoted Cycloreversion to 2-Pyridone Alkaloids.

A new domino reaction sequence for the construction of 2-pyridone structures is reported. The reaction sequence begins with diacetyldiketopiperazine and proceeds via aldol condensation, alkene isomerization, and intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The intermediate [2.2.2]diazabicycloalkene cycloadducts can be isolated or can engage in a base-accelerated extrusion of one lactam bridge to provide the 2-pyridone cycloreversion products. The operation leading to pyridone products can occur in one reaction vessel and proceeds at convenient temperatures.
Endodontic sonic and ultrasonic irrigant activation

The ultimate goal of cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is the complete removal of the necrotic or vital tissue and disinfection of the root canal space for the placement of obturating materials. The process can be improved with the use of irrigant activation by:
Wind Turbine Visual Classification from Overhead Images

Wind turbines can affect radar systems used for missions in defense, aviation safety, and weather forecasting. Both range and Doppler reflections from wind turbines can create clutter’ reduce detection sensitivity, and obscure potential targets. An accurate and up-to-date database of wind turbine locations and status is needed in order to assess their impact on radar functionalities. Overhead and satellite images are important data sources to assess the status of wind turbines. To significantly reduce human workload in classifying the status of wind turbines through overhead imagery, we trained classifiers using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automate the wind turbine status classification problem. We leveraged the existing AlexNet and GoogLeNet CNN frameworks, paired with overhead imagery from Google maps, to train a classifier to determine whether a turbine structure exists at a location where one has been registered. The automated classifier achieved an average accuracy of 97%. Our classifier can act as a highly efficient prefilter to select wind turbines for status verification by human operators. 1
An Asynchronous, Decentralized Solution Framework for the Large Scale Unit Commitment Problem

With increased reliance on cyber infrastructure, large scale power networks face new challenges owing to computational scalability. In this paper, we focus on developing an asynchronous decentralized solution framework for the unit commitment problem for large scale power networks. We exploit the inherent asynchrony in a region based decomposition arising out of imbalance in regional subproblems to boost computational efficiency. A two-phase algorithm is proposed that relies on the convex relaxation and privacy preserving valid inequalities in order to deliver algorithmic improvements. Our algorithm employs a novel interleaved binary mechanism that locally switches from the convex subproblem to its binary counterpart based on consistent local convergent behavior. We develop a high-performance computing oriented software framework that uses message passing interface to drive our benchmark studies. Our simulations performed on the IEEE 3012 bus case are benchmarked against the centralized and a state-of-the-art synchronous decentralized method. The results demonstrate that the asynchronous method improves computational efficiency by a significant amount and provides a competitive solution quality rivaling the benchmark methods.
A Testbed for Haptic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Needle Biopsy

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for soft tissue pathology diagnosis and assistance with targeted lesion procedures. However, limited physician access to patients in the magnetic resonance scanner bore requires iterative positioning and imaging, which extends the procedure time and increases patient risk. We present a teleoperated system and instrumented testbed for robotic MRI-guided needle biopsy, particularly targeting transperineal prostate biopsies. The device has a 1:1 kinematic mapping and uses a low-friction hydrostatic transmission based on antagonistic pairs of rolling diaphragms. It has three degrees of freedom (DOFs) and a passive two-DOF swivel, which holds a biopsy needle at the end-effector. Measured force hysteresis is 0.085 N (single DOF) and 0.44 N (full three-DOF manipulator) at the needle driving point. To quantitatively assess the system's haptic qualities, impulse modal testing for one DOF ( $>$ 300 Hz bandwidth) and three DOFs ( $>$ 40 Hz bandwidth) was conducted. Task performance was also assessed through membrane puncture testing with tissue phantoms; puncture events as low as 0.1 N are reliably detectable from transmission hydraulic pressure sensors.
Fire of Desire: A Review of Entrepreneurial Passion

Scholars have shown increasing interest in causes and consequences of entrepreneurial passion (EP). Despite the rapid growth of research on EP, the literature still lacks a uniform conceptualizatio...
SWING OPTION PRICING BY DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING WITH B-SPLINE DENSITY PROJECTION

Swing options are a type of exotic financial derivative which generalize American options to allow for multiple early-exercise actions during the contract period. These contracts are widely traded ...
Analysis of diversity-accuracy tradeoff in image captioning.

We investigate the effect of different model architectures, training objectives, hyperparameter settings and decoding procedures on the diversity of automatically generated image captions. Our results show that 1) simple decoding by naive sampling, coupled with low temperature is a competitive and fast method to produce diverse and accurate caption sets; 2) training with CIDEr-based reward using Reinforcement learning harms the diversity properties of the resulting generator, which cannot be mitigated by manipulating decoding parameters. In addition, we propose a new metric AllSPICE for evaluating both accuracy and diversity of a set of captions by a single value.
Emergence of classical structures from the quantum vacuum

After a quantum phase transition, the quantum vacuum can break up to form classical topological defects. We examine this process for scalar field models with ${Z}_{2}$ symmetry for different quench rates for the phase transition. We find that the number density of kinks at late times universally scales as $C{m}^{1/2}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, where $m$ is a mass scale in the model and $C\ensuremath{\approx}0.22$; it does not depend on the quench timescale in contrast to the Kibble-Zurek scaling for thermal phase transitions. A subleading correction $\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}3/2}$ to the kink density depends on the details of the phase transition.
A 0.5-to-3.5-GHz Full-Duplex Mixer-First Receiver With Cartesian Synthesized Self-Interference Suppression Interface in 65-nm CMOS

This article presents a wideband self-interference (SI) canceling full-duplex (FD) receiver. In-band linearity requirement for an FD receiver is studied. It is shown that an FD receiver requires a minimum IB-IIP3 which if not provided, results in sensitivity degradation. To provide the required out-of-band linearity, an eight-phase passive mixer-first architecture is chosen for the receiver. In order to achieve SI cancellation, quadrature components from TX replica are created, their magnitudes are scaled, and the approximated SI is injected to the receiver. The cancellation occurs after downconversion, in an RF to baseband (BB) cancellation domain. As a proof of concept, a prototype is fabricated and measured in a 65-nm CMOS process. More than 35-dB cancellation is measured for 10-MHz bandwidth (BW) 64-QAM modulated signals in a single RF downconverted domain. The noise figure (NF) in half-duplex (HD) and FD mode is 3.3 and 5.3 dB, respectively, with only 2-dB degradation for switching from HD to FD. The receiver has adjustable 30-to-50-dB conversion gain, consumes 20–58-mW power, and achieves IB-IIP3 of +6 dBm. The cancellation path achieves more than 35-dBm IIP3.
Bioequivalence of Ultra Rapid Lispro (URLi) U100 and U200 Formulations in Healthy Subjects

Ultra rapid lispro (URLi) is a novel insulin lispro formulation that was developed to more closely match physiological insulin secretion. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the bioequivalence (BE) of a concentrated formulation (U200) of URLi to the U100 formulation of URLi after subcutaneous (SC) administration and to evaluate the glucodynamics (GD) of these formulations. This phase 1, randomized, two‐sequence, four‐period, double-blind, replicate crossover study was conducted in 68 healthy subjects. At each dosing visit, subjects received a 15-U SC dose of either U100 URLi or U200 URLi followed by a 10-h euglycemic clamp procedure. Serum insulin lispro and blood glucose concentrations were measured, and the glucose infusion rate was continuously adjusted during the clamp to maintain the target blood glucose. Bioequivalence of U200 URLi relative to U100 URLi was demonstrated. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratios of geometric least squares (LS) means for the maximum insulin concentration and total exposure were within the BE limits of 0.80–1.25. Additionally, the 90% CIs for the ratios of geometric LS means for maximum glucose infusion rate and total glucose infused were within the BE limits. The early 50% tmax occurred at approximately the same time for the U100 and U200 URLi formulations, and the insulin exposure within the first 15 min was similar for both formulations. The tolerability of the two URLi formulations was comparable. This study demonstrated that the U100 and U200 URLi formulations are bioequivalent. The accelerated insulin absorption observed for the U100 formulation was maintained with the U200 URLi formulation. Further, the GD were similar for both formulations, supporting the ability of individuals to transfer from U100 to U200 URLi in a 1:1 unit conversion. NCT03616977.
Public Health Integration Into Public Safety in Post-Katrina New Orleans

In addition to lacking an integrated systems approach, numerous improvement areas were documented by public sector officials and other stakeholders (see the box on page 1491) in state and federal after-action reports, including, but not limited to, comprehensive evacuation planning, emergency operations center coordination and situational awareness to include public health and medical response, leadership training on plans and incident management systems, and tactical communications interoperability 2 The inadequate evacuation planning before Hurricane Katrina necessitated a new strategy: the city-assisted evacuation (CAE) framework Being continuously updated, the CAE framework accounts for current and future changes in population density, urban mobility, access and functional needs, pet and animal evacuation, and specific resource requirements, including mental health services [ ]a successful CAE framework requires an intimate understanding of the area's population and how best to align and mobilize resources to collective and individual needs [ ]advances in health care delivery, life-sustaining technologies, and a generally aging population (often with serious chronic conditions) results in increased resource requirements to identify, evacuate, and provide for individuals with access and functional needs 3 The New Orleans Access and Functional Needs database, initially created in a partnership between the city's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, emergency medical services, and the health department, addresses these aspects and remains a cornerstone of the CAE framework Designated regional coordinators coordinate and share sector-specific situational awareness, resource requirements, and operational strategies with emergency operations centers Since Katrina, designated regional coordinators and hospitals maintain radio interoperability- the ability to communicate on a single system-with emergency operation centers and all ofpublic safety on Louisiana's network, which is the largest state interoperable radio system in the United States 4 The influences of the integrated designated regional coordinators are amplified by the federal Hospital Preparedness Program's health care coalitions
Post-exposure environment modulates long-term developmental ethanol effects on behavior, neuroanatomy, and cortical oscillations.

Abstract Developmental exposure to ethanol has a wide range of anatomical, cellular, physiological and behavioral impacts that can last throughout life. In humans, this cluster of effects is termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and is highly prevalent in western cultures. The ultimate expression of the effects of developmental ethanol exposure however can be influenced by post-exposure experience. Here we examined the effects of developmental binge exposure to ethanol (postnatal day 7) in C57BL/6By mice on a specific cohort of inter-related long-term outcomes including contextual memory, hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing neuron density, frontal cortex oscillations related to sleep-wake cycling including delta oscillation amplitude and sleep spindle density, and home-cage behavioral activity. When assessed in adults that were raised in standard housing, all of these factors were altered by early ethanol exposure compared to saline controls except home-cage activity. However, exposure to an enriched environment and exercise from weaning to postnatal day 90 reversed most of these ethanol-induced impairments including memory, CA1 but not dentate gyrus PV+ cell density, delta oscillations and sleep spindles, and enhanced home-cage behavioral activity in Saline- but not EtOH-treated mice. The results are discussed in terms of the inter-dependence of diverse developmental ethanol outcomes and potential mechanisms of post-exposure experiences to regulate those outcomes.
Grundlagen neuroorthopädischer Operationen

Neuroorthopadische Operationen bieten nach Ausschopfung oder in Kombination mit konservativen Masnahmen in vielen Fallen dem Patienten, den Angehorigen und den Therapeuten die Moglichkeit, durch kleine oder grose Veranderungen am Muskel-/Skelettapparat eine Verbesserung der Korperfunktionen, eine Schmerzlinderung und eine Verbesserung der Teilhabe fur den Patienten zu erfahren. Die Planung entsprechender Masnahmen ist aufwendig und komplex, da zum einen viele Berufsgruppen beteiligt werden mussen, zum anderen der Patient und das Umfeld des Patienten in allen Belangen der anstehenden Therapie Gehor finden mussen. Der folgende Beitrag bietet einen umfassenden Uberblick uber das notwendige interdisziplinare Vorgehen bei der Planung und Umsetzung operativer Masnahmen.
How Your Community Can Reduce Its Greenhouse Gas Impact

Communities all over the world are trying to find ways to limit their greenhouse gas impact on the planet. The efforts of two communities, Louisville, Kentucky, and Cairo, Egypt are highlighted. Louisville’s efforts are comprehensive but focus extensively on addressing urban heat island problems. Cairo, which is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, focuses much more on air pollution, particularly the open burning of garbage. Many communities and regions have conducted greenhouse gas inventories to guide their reduction efforts. ICLEI for Local Governments and the US Environmental Protection Agency offer tools that communities can use to calculate greenhouse gas emissions within Scope 1, 2, and 3 sources. Examples are provided as to how communities can work to reduce their impact on climate within the categories of energy, transportation, and building and infrastructure.
A patient safety and quality improvement curriculum for child and adolescent psychiatry fellows using the Learning from Defect Tool

The purpose of this article is to describe the development and evaluation of an 11-session patient safety and quality improvement curriculum for first-year child and adolescent psychiatry fellows. ...
Acute and chronic management of posttraumatic headache in children: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this paper is to provide a compilation of the evidence for the treatment of posttraumatic headache (PTH) in the pediatric population. Headache features and timing of therapy were considered. BACKGROUND Headache is the most common symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), affecting more than 80% of children and adolescents. It is unclear whether treatment for PTH should be tailored based on headache characteristics, particularly the presence of migraine features, and/or chronicity of the headache. METHODS Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (1985-2021, limited to English) were performed, and key characteristics of included studies were entered into RedCAP® (Prospero ID CRD42020198703). Articles and conference abstracts that described randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, retrospective analyses, and case series were included. Participants included youth under 18 years of age with acute (<3 months) and persistent (≥3 months) PTH. Studies that commented on headache improvement in response to therapy were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven unique studies met criteria for inclusion describing abortive pharmacologic therapies (9), preventative pharmacotherapies (5), neuromodulation (1), procedures (5), physical therapy and exercise (6), and behavioral therapy (2). Five RCTs were identified. Studies that focused on abortive pharmacotherapies were completed in the first 2 weeks post-mTBI, whereas other treatment modalities focused on outcomes 1 month to over 1-year post-injury. Few studies reported on migrainous features (7), personal history of migraine (7), or family history of migraine (3). CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence on the timing and types of therapies that are effective for treating PTH in the pediatric population. Prospective studies that account for headache characteristics and thoughtfully address the timing of therapies and outcome measurement are needed.
An axially stressed railroad track on an elastic continuum subjected to a moving load

The recent introduction of the welded railroad track raises the possibility that high axial compressive forces may occur in the rails due to constrained thermal expansions. This in turn may reduce the critical velocity of the track to within the operational velocities of present day trains. Recently the effect of axial forces upon the critical velocities of the track was analyzed byA. D. Kerr using the Winkler model for the base response. In this study, the effect of the axial compressive force on the critical velocity of the track is studied assuming for the base an elastic half space with inertia.
Teaching and Performing Theatre for Youth Using Physical Storytelling

iv Introduction 1 Existing Materials for Teaching Theatre for Youth 4 The Class 15 The Performance 48 The Script 69 The Results 79 Bibliography 85 Vita 89
Finite-Element Modeling of Single-Fluid Phase Flows

First, a formal mathematical derivation of transient multidimensional flow and solute transport in subsurface media will be presented in this chapter. We attempt to include all important steps in the development to account for the assumptions and their bases and to incorporate boundary conditions as much as possible. Based on (1) the continuity of fluid, (2) the continuity of solid, (4) the motion of fluid (Darcy’s law), (4) the equation of the state, (5) the law of consolidation of media, (6) conservation of energy, and (7) the principle of mass balance, the governing equations can be derived for the distribution of pressure, temperature, and solute concentration for single-phase flow in subsurface media. Then, finite-element modeling of single-fluid phase flows under saturated and saturated-unsaturated conditions will be presented.
Chapter III Isolation, Growth and Maintenance of Anaerobic Free-living Spirochetes

Publisher Summary Strictly anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic, free-living spirochetes occur commonly in aquatic environments, such as the water and mud of ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. Selective isolation methods have been developed for the small freeliving spirochetes and these organisms can be cultured in readily prepared media. Because of their ease of cultivation, these bacteria constitute useful tools for the study of the fundamental biological properties of spirochetes in general. Two selective factors are frequently used for the enrichment and isolation of thin, free-living spirochetes. The first is the ability of the spirochetes to pass through filters with pore diameters small enough (0.2 to 0.45 μm) to retain most other bacteria. The second selective factor is the ability of spirochetes to migrate readily through agar media containing as much as 1 g of agar per 100 ml. Migration of other bacteria is largely prevented at this agar concentration. The two selective factors have been combined in some isolation procedures. Most of the free-living anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic spirochetes, which have been cultured, grow abundantly in media containing a fermentable carbohydrate and complex nutritive materials such as yeast extract and peptone. Addition of small amounts (0.05 g/100 ml) of reducing agents, such as sodium thioglycolate, L-cysteine, or sodium sulfide to culture media for the strictly anaerobic forms is either required for growth or helps initiate growth. Free-living spirochetes can be preserved in a viable condition for several years by maintaining them in the frozen state at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Since frequent subculturing of cells preserved by this method is not necessary, the occurrence of mutants is minimized and genetic change of the strains is largely prevented.
Using Industrial Membrane Systems to Isolate Oilseed Protein Without an Effluent Waste Stream

Conventional methods of isolating protein from defatted soy, glandless cottonseed or peanut flours generate whey-like liquid by-products, which pose a serious environmental pollution threat unless properly treated before disposal (Goldsmith et al., 1972; Lin et al., 1974). In addition, the resulting wheys represent a significant loss of edible protein and other valuable constituents. Thus, a new approach to the production of protein isolates from oilseed flours which employs industrial ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) systems was demonstrated by investigators at Texas AM 1978; 1979). With the FPRDC membrane isolation process (MIP) protein is extracted from oilseed flours following conventional procedures. However, the protein is ultrafiltered directly from the liquid extract instead of being removed by precipitation at its isoelectric point. RO membranes are used to process UF permeate. A secondary, low-protein product is obtained by RO and the water effluent (RO permeate) can be reused as process water.
A Review of: Agency in the Margins: Stories of Outsider Rhetoric, edited by Anne Meade Stockdell-Giesler

Anne Meade Stockdell-Giesler's edited collection, Agency in the Margins, is a welcome contribution to scholarship on rhetorical agency, adding to debates regarding “ownership” of rhetoric and what ...