cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-assembling micrites based on the Platonic solids

Abstract Micrites capable of assembling into arbitrary shapes in three dimensions, with the constraint of a single species, might be most effectively fabricated in the shape of Platonic solids (regular polyhedra), to take advantage of maximum symmetry and to ensure that each polygon face of one micrite will perfectly coincide with the face of another micrite, thereby maximizing adhesion and minimizing stray fields. Only two of the regular polyhedra can be assembled to fill all space: the cube and the dodecahedron. Therefore, only the cube and dodecahedron are capable of constructing arbitrary shapes including the highest possible strength realized by a voidless solid. The dihedral angle between the adjoining faces of two cubes, joined by coinciding squares on a face of each cube, is 180 ° . Hence, it is difficult for an electric field, generated by charges on the perpendicular faces, to rotate the two cubes in such a way as to join at another pair of faces. The dodecahedron, however, has a corresponding dihedral angle of about 127 ° and a pair of dodecahedra can be easily caused to roll from one contact face to another. Therefore, the dodecahedron is the only space-filling Platonic solid that is also capable of easily-generated face-field-driven motion. I demonstrate that the micrites must be maintained in a fluid environment in order to provide sufficient lubrication for their polygonal binding surfaces to azimuthally rotate into coincidence. I calculate the speed of convergence in a lubricant environment and show that the distant micrites assemble only very slowly (for a practical range of parameters) unless there is some agitation of the fluid. I show how various solids can be constructed by convergence. I demonstrate how a primitive motor can be built from two dodecahedron-shaped micrites, and I calculate the maximum speed of the motor and the maximum power the motor can generate. I explain a surprisingly simple algorithm for a curious self-propelling flagellum constructed from a chain of dodecahedron-shaped micrites. I calculate the flagellum’s maximum swimming speed and power consumption.
Asymptotic Distributions of Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimators for Spatial Autoregressive Models

This paper investigates asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator and the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator for the spatial autoregressive model. The rates of convergence of those estimators may depend on some general features of the spatial weights matrix of the model. It is important to make the distinction with dif- ferent spatial scenarios. Under the scenario that each unit will be influenced by only a few neighboring units, the estimators may have >/n-rate of convergence and be asymp- totically normal. When each unit can be influenced by many neighbors, irregularity of the information matrix may occur and various components of the estimators may have different rates of convergence.
Polynomial Representations Of Grey-Level Images

This paper presents a highly structured and compact representation of grey-level images. Addition and multiplication are defined for the set of all grey-level images which become commutative semigroups under these operations. Images can then be described as polynomials of two variables. Examples are given for ordered and randomized image patterns. Also examined are grey-level image magnification, and image contours.
Epigenetic Modifications Basic Mechanisms and Role in Cardiovascular Disease

The term epigenetics was first used to refer to the complex interactions between the genome and the environment that are involved in development and differentiation in higher organisms. Today, this term is used to refer to heritable alterations that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. Rather, epigenetic modifications, or tags, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, alter DNA accessibility and chromatin structure, thereby regulating patterns of gene expression. These processes are crucial to normal development and differentiation of distinct cell lineages in the adult organism. They can be modified by exogenous influences, and as such, they can contribute to or be the result of environmental alterations of phenotype or pathophenotype. Importantly, epigenetic programming has a crucial role in the regulation of pluripotency genes, which become inactivated during differentiation. Here, we review the major mechanisms in epigenetic regulation; highlight the role of stable, long-term epigenetic modifications that involve DNA methylation; and discuss those modifications that are more flexible (short-term) and involve histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation. We will also discuss the role of nutritional and environmental challenges in generational inheritance and epigenetic modifications, concentrating on examples that relate to complex cardiovascular diseases, and specifically dissect the mechanisms by which homocysteine modifies epigenetic tags. Lastly, we will discuss the possibilities of modifying therapeutically acquired epigenetic tags, summarizing currently available agents and speculating on future directions. Chromatin is the complex of chromosomal DNA associated with proteins in the nucleus (for review, see Campos and Reinberg1). DNA in chromatin is packaged around histone proteins, in units referred to as nucleosomes. A nucleosome has 147 base pairs of DNA associated with an octomeric core of histone proteins, which consists of 2 H3-H4 histone dimers surrounded by 2 H2A-H2B dimers. N-terminal histone tails protrude from nucleosomes into the nuclear lumen. …
Surface enhanced raman scattering of interfacial DOD, HOD, and OD -

The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the O-D stretching modes of interfacial OD− ions, DOD molecules in D2O, and HOD molecules in an equal mixture of D2O and H2O has been observed. The SERS intensity-potential behavior of interfacial water depends upon the hydration energy of the metal cations. When D2O or an equal mixture of D2O and H2O is used as the solvent, the SERS line shape of interfacial water is different. These differences can be explained in terms of the orientation and environment of interfacial DOD and HOD molecules.
Doppelbegabungen in Wissenschaft und Kunst. “Die Offenheit aller Zusammensetzungen ..”.

Talente sind in der Menschenwelt sehr unterschiedlich verteilt. Vermutlich ist kein Mensch nur fur eine Tatigkeit begabt. Besonders kreative Menschen, Kunstler, Wissenschaftler, sind sich haufig unschlussig, welcher Berufung sie folgen sollen und versuchen deshalb, mehrere Begabungen professionell auszubilden. Die folgende Skizze erzahlt von Doppel- und Vielfachbegabungen, von Chemikern, die Dichter und Komponisten wurden, von Arzten und Apothekern, die als Poeten weltberuhmt wurden, kurz von der Fulle der Talente, die vielleicht unentdeckt auch in vielen von uns schlummern.
Treatment of unstable distal radial fractures with the volar locking plating system. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND: The best treatment for an inadequately reduced fracture of the distal part of the radius is not well established. We collected prospective outcomes data for patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of an inadequately reduced distal radial fracture with use of the volar locking plating system. METHODS: Over a two-year period, 161 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation of an inadequately reduced distal radial fracture with use of the volar locking plating system. Patients were enrolled in the present study three months after the fracture on the basis of strict entry criteria and were evaluated three, six, and twelve months after surgery. Outcome measures included radiographic parameters, grip strength, lateral pinch strength, the Jebsen-Taylor test, wrist range of motion, and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients with a distal radial fracture were enrolled. The mean age at the time of enrollment was 48.9 years. Forty percent (thirty-five) of the eighty-seven fractures were classified as AO type A, 9% (eight) were classified as type B, and 51% (forty-four) were classified as type C. Radiographic assessment showed that the plating system maintained anatomic reduction at the follow-up periods. At the time of the twelve-month follow-up, the mean grip strength on the injured side was worse than that on the contralateral side (18 compared with 21 kg; p < 0.01), the mean pinch strength on the injured side was not significantly different from that on the contralateral side (8.7 compared with 8.9 kg; p = 0.27), and the mean flexion of the wrist on the injured side was 86% of that on the contralateral side. All Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire domains approached normal scores at six months, with small continued improvement to one year. CONCLUSIONS: The volar locking plating system appears to provide effective fixation when used for the treatment of initially inadequately reduced distal radial fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Liquid slip and heat transfer in rotating rectangular microchannels

Abstract Although the no-slip boundary condition has been extensively used in conventional fluid flow problems, the recent experimental results show that liquid slip can occur in micro-sized channels with hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces. By exploring the liquid slip phenomena, it is possible to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance inside a microchannel. In this article, we will study the water slip phenomena in rotating microchannels. The rotating microchannel is an essential part of centrifugal microfluidic platform, which has emerged as an advanced technique in biomedical applications and chemical separations. We have numerically investigated the flow and heat transfer inside a straight rectangular microchannel subjected to orthogonal rotation and slip boundary conditions at the channel walls. A pressure based finite volume technique in a staggered grid was applied to solve the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes and energy equations. A grid independence study was performed and the code was validated against benchmark problems. The numerical results showed that, for an orthogonally rotating microchannel, different slip velocities were induced at the left and right walls whereas identical slip velocities were produced in the bottom and top walls. In the fully developed region, the effect of secondary flow increased with the rotation but decreased with the slip length. A reduction of about 28.5–36% in hydrodynamic resistance was observed using a slip length of 10 μm for channel aspect ratio α (=width/height) = 1.0 − 20.0. Correlations for friction relation (fRe) as a function of slip length (λ) and rotational Reynolds number (Reω) was proposed. The combined effect of slip length and rotation on convective heat transfer parameters was also studied. It was found that, the liquid slip can increase or decrease the Nusselt number depending on the secondary flow effect and the aspect ratio of the microchannel.
Tamoxifen and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism

Aims To evaluate a possible positive association between tamoxifen treatment and the risk of developing idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women with breast cancer in the absence of clinical risk factors for venous thromboembolism other than breast cancer itself. Methods Using information from the large UK-based General Practice Research Database, we identified, within a cohort of more than 10 000 women with breast cancer, all women who developed a first-time diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism of uncertain cause between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1996. In a case-control analysis, we compared their tamoxifen exposure experience prior to the thromboembolic event with that of a randomly selected group of control women with breast cancer who were matched to cases on age, year of the breast cancer diagnosis and calendar time. Results We identified 25 cases of idiopathic VTE and 172 controls, all of whom had breast cancer, but were otherwise free from other risk factors for VTE. Past tamoxifen exposure was not materially associated with an elevated risk of developing VTE, and we therefore combined never and past users as reference group. The relative risk estimate of VTE for current tamoxifen exposure, as compared with never and past use combined, was 7.1 (95% CI 1.5–33), adjusted for body mass index, smoking status and hysterectomy status. High body mass index was an independent predictor of VTE itself. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that current use of tamoxifen increases the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION OF CYCLO‐L‐CYSTINE

X-ray crystallographic investigations on cyclo-L-cystine show that the diketopiperazine ring is in a twisted boat form and the C-S-S-C bridge across the C alpha atoms has a negative chirality with chi 3 angle of - 94 degrees, The two peptides are significantly nonplanar with the omega values of - 10 degrees and - 16 degrees. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 11.216(4), b = 12.874(4), c = 5.978(3) and Z = 4. The structure was solved by heavy atom method and refined to an R index of 0.065.
How Software Project Risk Affects Project Performance: An Investigation of the Dimensions of Risk and an Exploratory Model

To reduce the high failure rate of software projects, managers need better tools to assess and manage software project risk. In order to create such tools, however, information systems researchers must first develop a better understanding of the dimensions of software project risk and how they can affect project performance. Progress in this area has been hindered by: (1) a lack of validated instruments for measuring software project risk that tap into the dimensions of risk that are seen as important by software project managers, and (2) a lack of theory to explain the linkages between various dimensions of software project risk and project performance. In this study, six dimensions of software project risk were identified and reliable and valid measures were developed for each. Guided by sociotechnical systems theory, an exploratory model was developed and tested. The results show that social subsystem risk influences technical subsystem risk, which, in turn, influences the level of project management risk, and ultimately, project performance. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Structural styles and deformation fabrics of accretionary complexes

Intricately deformed, stratally disrupted, and mixed rocks produced at subduction zones have been considered structurally intractable. However, marine geophysical studies, deep-sea drilling, analyses of subaerially exposed complexes, and theoretical advances have recently produced breakthroughs in elucidating the structural enigmas of these accretionary complexes. The Penrose Conference “Structural Styles and Deformational Fabrics of Accretionary Complexes” assembled specialists from the above and related research areas and addressed the research frontiers of this dynamic topic. This conference in Eureka, California, in May 1984 drew participants from Great Britain, France, Canada, Japan and New Zealand.
Optimal stationary consumption with stochastic production and resources

Abstract Uncertainty about technology and resources is represented in terms of uncertainty about an (exogenous) environment whose successive states form a stationary stochastic process, with probabilities that are unaffected by economic decisions. The successive states of the economy depend both on the environment and on the decisions taken with regard to production and consumption. It is shown that, under conditions that are natural extensions of “neoclassical” conditions in the case of certainty, (1) Capital saturation is possible, i.e., an optimal stationary stochastic program exists, and (2) An optimal program can be sustained by a price system that takes the form of a stationary stochastic process of price vectors. In other words, an optimal stationary program can be sustained by a stochastic “equilibrium,” in which at each date the optimal production decisions maximize expected intertemporal profit, and the optimal aggregate consumption vector has minimum cost among all aggregate consumption vectors yielding no less (social) utility.
Scattering of Light from a Rotating Ground Glass

We report some experimental results concerning the statistical properties of a light beam scattered by a rotating ground glass with average-size inhomogeneities of approximately 1 μm. Photocount statistics measured at different scattering angles and for different angular velocities of the ground glass have confirmed the known result that the scattered-light amplitude is a stochastic gaussian variable. The Bose–Einstein nature of the photocount statistics has been verified with an accuracy of a few parts per thousand. Self-beating measurements on the scattered light of a He–Ne laser in a TEM00 configuration have shown that the power spectrum is a gaussian function of the frequency. The dependence of its half-width on the angular velocity of the ground glass and on the focal length of the lens that focuses the beam on the scattering surface has been measured. The experimental results agree very closely with our theoretical predictions.
Alcohol Consumption, Life Context, and Coping Predict Mortality among Late‐Middle‐Aged Drinkers and Former Drinkers

This study examined mortality risk for individuals in four alcohol consumption categories and identified life context and coping factors that independently predicted mortality among late-middle-aged drinkers and former drinkers (n = 1869). Compared with light drinkers, former drinkers (current abstainers) were at increased mortality risk; moderate drinkers were at decreased risk. Consistent with previous research on older samples, heavy drinkers were not at increased risk. Abstainers' increased risk was reduced in a model that controlled for life context and coping factors. Other independent predictors of mortality included reporting an illness stressor, stressor severity, less participation in activities with friends, greater use of resigned acceptance and alternative rewards coping, and less use of cognitive avoidance and emotional discharge coping. The findings support previous research on the alcohol-mortality relationship among older adults, and highlight the fact that abstainers' life stressors and avoidance coping responses may be more important predictors of their mortality than their abstention.
Cyclophilin C-associated protein/Mac-2 binding protein colocalizes with calnexin and regulates the expression of tissue transglutaminase.

Cyclophilin C-associated protein (CyCAP) or Mac-2 binding protein has been identified as a binding protein for cyclophilin C in mice and for Mac-2 (galectin-3) in human, suggesting its multiple binding activity to proteins. In the present study, using specific anti-rat-CyCAP antibody, we found that CyCAP colocalizes with calnexin at the location near the nuclear envelope, however CyCAP does not have colocalization with calreticulin. In senescent fibroblasts and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) treated fibroblasts, both calnexin and CyCAP form larger polymers and are released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the cellular membrane to the extracellular area. Immunoprecipitation studies further confirm that the release of calnexin is through binding to CyCAP. Further, we found that tissue transglutaminase (tTG) protein is decreased, however not at the RNA level, in CyCAP null fibroblasts, which suggests that CyCAP is involved in tTG post-translational modification. Our data give novel evidence that CyCAP regulates the post-translational modification of tTG through its colocalization with calnexin in ER. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 151–157, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inverse association of plasma IL-13 and inflammatory chemokines with lung function impairment in stable COPD: a cross-sectional cohort study

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by varying degrees of airflow limitation and diffusion impairment. There is increasing evidence to suggest that COPD is also characterized by systemic inflammation. The primary goal of this study was to identify soluble proteins in plasma that associate with the severity of airflow limitation in a COPD cohort with stable disease. A secondary goal was to assess whether unique markers associate with diffusion impairment, based on diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), independent of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). A cross sectional study of 73 COPD subjects was performed in order to examine the association of 25 different plasma proteins with the severity of lung function impairment, as defined by the baseline measurements of the % predicted FEV1 and the % predicted DLCO. Plasma protein concentrations were assayed using multiplexed immunobead-based cytokine profiling. Associations between lung function and protein concentrations were adjusted for age, gender, pack years smoking history, current smoking, inhaled corticosteroid use, systemic corticosteroid use and statin use. Plasma concentrations of CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1), CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (CCL4/MIP -1β), CCL11/eotaxin, and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were inversely associated with the % FEV1. Plasma concentrations of soluble Fas were associated with the % DLCO, whereas CXCL9/monokine induced by interferon-γ (CXCL9/Mig), granulocyte- colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IL-13 showed inverse relationships with the % DLCO. Systemic inflammation in a COPD cohort is characterized by cytokines implicated in inflammatory cell recruitment and airway remodeling. Plasma concentrations of IL-13 and chemoattractants for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils show associations with increasing severity of disease. Soluble Fas, G-CSF and CXCL9/Mig may be unique markers that associate with disease characterized by disproportionate abnormalities in DLCO independent of the FEV1.
Population genetic structure of a rare unionid (Lampsilis cariosa) in a recently glaciated landscape

The yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) is a rare unionid species in need of conservation, as it is declining throughout most of its Atlantic slope range in North America. Because freshwater mussels rely on a fish host for dispersal of their larvae, barriers to the movement of hosts, such as habitat fragmentation by dams, may indirectly affect population genetic structure. We used microsatellite loci to assess genetic variation for L. cariosa within and among three river drainages in the northern part of its range, which emerged from glaciation only ∼ ∼8–10 kya. Despite this relatively recent emergence, significant differences were observed among populations both within and among drainages, possibly because low effective population sizes meant that populations of these mussels achieved drift-migration equilibrium rapidly following glaciation. L. cariosa individuals could be assigned to their own drainages with 89.3% accuracy. Among-population differences were modest, however, in comparison to differences observed in another study of rare mussels south of the recently glaciated region. L. cariosa populations exhibited significant isolation by distance, but there was no additional variation explained by the number, size, or age of intervening dams. An understanding of mussel population genetic structure provides information, useful for conservation planning, on patterns of isolation and connectivity among populations.
Large deviations and isoperimetry over convex probability measures with heavy tails

Large deviations and isoperimetric inequalities are considered for probability distributions, satisfying convexity conditions of the Brunn-Minkowski-type
Formation and migration of neuroblasts in the spinal cord of the chick embryo.

To determine the origin, migration pattern and final localization of the neurons in the spinal cord, chick embryos ranging in age from two to eight days were treated with two doses of tritiated thymidine with an interval of two to four hours and sacrificed at various days thereafter. As a result of this labeling procedure, all neuroepithelial cells were labeled; hence all neuroblasts arising from the neuroepithelial cells after the treatment were labeled, while those formed earlier were unlabeled. By examining the position of the unlabeled neuroblasts at daily intervals, the migration route and final localization of these neurons could be determined. Neuroblasts formed on days two and three are initially found along the inside of the basement membrane in the ventrolateral as well as the dorsolateral region of the cord. During the following days, however, the neuroblasts found in the dorsolateral region disappear and by day 8 the majority of the two-and three-day neuroblasts is concentrated in the lateral region of the anterior horn. Since no evidence for degeneration of neuroblasts was found in the alar plate region, it is probable that „alar plate neuroblasts” migrate to the region of the anterior horn. The majority of the neuroblasts formed on days 3 and 4 finds its final position in the lateral region of the anterior horn; the majority of those formed on days 5 and 6, however, occupies a position in the medial region of the anterior horn. Hence, the majority of the motor neurons innervating the muscles of the extremities is formed earlier than those innervating the trunk musculature. The neuroblasts of the internuncial zone are formed on days 2 through 7, that is, during the entire period that neuroblast formation in the spinal cord occurs. The majority of the neuroblasts for the posterior horn arises on days 6 and 7, while the last ones are formed on day 8. Despite the fact that the majority of the neuroblasts for the anterior horn is formed before those of the internuncial zone and these in turn before those of the posterior horn, none of the cell groups in either region is formed within a sharply delineated time period.
Analyzing factors associated with women’s attitudes and behaviors toward screening mammography using design-based logistic regression

We examined the factors associated with screening mammography adherence behaviors and influencing factors on women's attitudes toward mammography in non-adherent women. Design-based logistic regression models were developed to characterize the influencing factors, including socio-demographic, health related, behavioral characteristics, and knowledge of breast cancer/mammography, on women's compliance with and attitudes toward mammography using the 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey data. Findings indicate significant associations among adherence to mammography and marital status, income, health coverage, being advised by a doctor to have a mammogram, having had Pap smear before, perception of chance of getting breast cancer, and knowledge of mammography (frequency of doing mammogram) in both women younger than 65 and women aged 65 and older. However, number of visits to a healthcare provider per year and lifetime number of smoked cigarettes are only significant for women younger than 65. Factors significantly associated with attitudes toward mammography in non-adherent women are age, being advised by a doctor to have a mammogram, and seeking cancer information. To enhance adherence to mammography programs, physicians need to continue to advise their patients to obtain mammograms. In addition, increasing women's knowledge about the frequency and starting age for screening mammography may improve women's adherence. Financially related factors such as income and insurance are also shown to be significant factors. Hence, healthcare policies aimed at providing breast cancer screening services to underserved women will likely enhance mammography participation.
Energy Absorption Heating and Ignition of Energetic Solids

Nomenclature Ka = absorption coefficient, 1/cm k = thermal conductivity,W= cm K q = absorbed radiant flux,W=cm T = temperature, K T0 = initial temperature, K Ts = ignition temperature, K t = time, s ts = ignition time, s X = dimensionless coordinate normal to surface, positive into a sold, x= 1=Ka x = coordinate normal to surface, positive into solid [cm] = thermal diffusivity, cm=s = dimensionless temperature, T T0 = q=kKa s = in-depth absorption parameter or dimensionless ignition temperature, Ts T0 = q=kKa = dimensionless time, t K a s = dimensionless ignition time, ts K 2 a
Role of Transforming Growth Factor 1 in Lymphocyte Development and Death.

INTRODUCTION. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a polypeptide growth factor known to exert multiple functions during development and in the adult stage as well (1-2). TGFβ1 knockout mice are normal at the time of birth and do not exhibit any developmental defect. After one week of birth these mice start developing multifocal inflammatory lesions and eventually die around three weeks of age (3). Further studies revealed that T lymphocytes are the primary effectors in this phenotype (Doetschman, unpublished observation). During T cell development in the thymus, T cell progenitors undergo massive proliferation and around 95% of them undergo apoptosis. Positively selected CD4CD8 double positive T cells undergo thymic selection where cells that recognize self-antigens with high affinity are induced to undergo apoptosis (negative selection) (4-5). Any perturbations in the thymic education process might lead to export of self-reactive T cells to the periphery. In order to find the role of TGFβ1 in preventing the inflammation, we have studied the lymphocyte apoptosis and proliferation.
Does elevating and tilting the input device support surface affect typing force and postural exposures of the wrist

OBJECTIVE Compare wrist kinematics and typing force during computer work across two workstations, one configured according to recommended guidelines with the keyboard support surface flat and near resting elbow height, the other according to users' actual setup and preference, with an elevated, and positively tilted support surface. PARTICIPANTS Twenty participants completed a standard computer task at the two workstation configurations. METHODS A thin profile force plate, placed under the keyboard recorded keyboard reaction forces. Twin axis electro-goniometers (SG65 Biometrics Ltd, London, UK) affixed to the back of the right and left hand of each subject continuously measured wrist extension/flexion and ulnar/radial deviation. RESULTS Typing force and wrist kinematics were similar between the two configurations with only 10th percentile ulnar deviation for the right hand showing a borderline significant difference of 1° between the two configurations. CONCLUSION Elevating and tilting the input device support surface does not necessarily affect typing force and kinematics of the wrist. The combination of the input device support surface and user upper extremities form a complex kinematic system with several degrees of freedom. Wrist postures during computer use are a function of multiple factors other than simply keyboard tilt.
From competition to metacognition: designing diverse, sustainable educational games

We investigate the unique educational benefits of 1-on-1 competitive games, arguing that such games can be just as easy to design as single-player educational games, while yielding a more diverse and sustainable learning experience. We present a study of chess and StarCraft II in order to inform the design of similar educational games and their communities. We discuss a competitive game we designed to teach Java programming. We evaluate the game by discussing its user study. Our main contributions are 1) an argument that the use of 1-on-1 competition can solve two existing problems inherent to single-player games, 2) an analysis of the features that make competitive games effective learning environments, and 3) an early but encouraging description of the emergent learning environment one can expect from designing an educational game with these features.
Effective marketing of technical innovation

Recent trends in the global business market point to the increasing importance of technology and technical innovations to gain and maintain competitive business strategic advantage. However, the marketing of technical innovations throughout the supply chain is still governed by traditional strategies and practices. Such strategies and practices are ineffective in a highly technologically advanced marketplace. As a result, the marketers of technologically innovative products and concepts are left with many questions and very few practical answers. This research offers a practical, integrated approach to marketing technical innovations. The approach offered is presented within an organisational, people and technology strategic context. A field study is utilised to illustrate the utility of the proposed approach.
On focusing preprocessor for broadband beamforming

The coherent signal-subspace approach to broadband adaptive beamforming involves a focusing preprocessor that aligns signal spaces at different frequencies to a common one by means of transformations and a narrowband beamformer following the preprocessor. The merits of the approach are decorrelation of multipath signals and partial adaptivity due to single-frequency weights. This paper deals with the optimality of the focused beamformer compared with that of conventional broadband beamformer. An analytical and empirical evaluation of different focusing transformations is presented. >
Teachers' Attitudes Toward Consumer Issues and Their Appraisal of the Educational Relevance of These Issues

This article discusses the problem of which group—business teachers, social studies teachers, or home economics teachers—is more consumer oriented and thus a more appropriate choice for the teaching of consumer education. In this study, each of these three groups of teachers was surveyed to determine which was more consumer oriented in attitude and which was more consumer oriented in terms of their appraisal of the educational relevance of consumer issues.
Depressive symptoms after breast cancer surgery: Relationships with global, cancer‐related, and life event stress

For women with breast cancer, rates of depression are the third highest of any cancer diagnostic group. Stress, defined as life events or perceptions of stress, is associated with depressive symptoms. However, little is known about the relationships between different types of stress and these symptoms in women with breast cancer. This relationship was tested in 210 women assessed after initial surgical treatment for regional breast cancer. Using Hierarchical Multiple Regression, three types of stress were examined: the occurrence of five stressful life events in the year prior to cancer diagnosis, perceptions of global stress, and perceptions of cancer-related traumatic stress. Other potentially relevant correlates of depressive symptoms were also examined, including the personality trait neuroticism, sociodemographics, and disease/treatment characteristics. Fifty-three percent of the variance in depressive symptoms was accounted for by three stress variables (perceptions of global and cancer-related traumatic stress and the life event-major financial difficulty) and two control variables (neuroticism and racial group). Specifically, global stress perceptions coupled with cancer-related intrusive thoughts and financial concerns along with the tendency towards negativity (neuroticism) may conspire to heighten a women's risk for depressive symptoms. Assessing multiple sources of stress would improve our ability to identify women 'at risk' for depressive symptoms and provide appropriate intervention.
Grain Boundaries, Phase Impurities, and Anisotropic Thermal Conduction in Phase-Change Memory

Thermal conduction strongly influences the programming energy and speed in phase-change-memory devices. The thermal conductivity of the crystalline phase of Ge2Sb2 Te5 can be strongly anisotropic due to phase impurities at grain boundaries. This letter models this effect using effective medium arguments, lends further support to the hypothesis that phase impurities are responsible for the anisotropy, and estimates the impact of anisotropic heat conduction on device performance. Electrothermal simulations predict that the reduced in-plane conductivity will allow closer spacing of lateral-cell devices and reduce the reset programming current by 20%-30%.
Feulgen Hydrolysis with Perchloric Acid

In tissue fixed with Carnoy's acetic alcohol (1:3), the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis performed as part of the Feulgen reaction is optimal for only a very short period of time. When 10% perchloric acid is used as the hydrolytic agent, the same color maximum is obtained, and the optimal hydrolysis time at 25°C. extends from 12 hours to 24 hours. During this time the intensity of color does not change. The events which take place during the period of suboptimal hydrolysis are the same as diose which take place during the corresponding period of hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. Part of the decrease in ultraviolet extinction of nuclei during the first 12 hours is due to the splitting off of purine bases from the desoxyribose nucleic acid. This is consistent with the increase in the amount of Feulgen dye bound by nuclei during this period of time. Between 12 hours and 24 hours no ultraviolet absorbing material is lost from nuclei, which is consistent with the fact that during this time the Feulgen color produced r...
Quantitative Combinatorial Geometry for Continuous Parameters

We prove variations of Caratheodory's, Helly's and Tverberg's theorems where the sets involved are measured according to continuous functions such as the volume or diameter. Among our results, we present continuous quantitative versions of Lovasz's colorful Helly's theorem, Barany's colorful Caratheodory's theorem, and the colorful Tverberg's theorem.
Perceptions of Communication and Monitoring Technologies Among Older Rural Women: Problem or Panacea?

The purpose of this study was to explore older rural women's perceptions of gerontechnologies, such as in-home monitoring and communication, which may be particularly useful in rural areas where support services are scarce. Forty-three women, ages 60–85 years, participated in focus group discussions. Qualitative analysis uncovered six primary themes: access and reliability, cost, privacy, usability, “use it or lose it” mentality, and caregiver burden. Results suggest that older women in rural areas are open to the potential of gerontechnologies to extend their ability to age in place but are skeptical about their actual implementation.
Backwoodsmen: Stockmen and Hunters Along a Big Thicket River Valley. By Thad Sitton, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995. 310 pp. Hardbound, $29.95.

(1997). Backwoodsmen: Stockmen and Hunters Along a Big Thicket River Valley. By Thad Sitton, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995. 310 pp. Hardbound, $29.95. The Oral History Review: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 152-153.
Granule cell excitability regulates gamma and beta oscillations in a model of the olfactory bulb dendrodendritic microcircuit.

Gamma (40–100 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) oscillations in mammalian olfactory bulbs represent differential involvement of higher order brain areas and different cognitive networks. In a computational m...
Survey on prevention and control knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Zhenjiang

Objective In order to explore the awareness status of knowledge on TB control and prevention among students,and to provide scientific suggestion for TB health promotion.Methods Multiple stratified cluster sampling method was used in the study,1 889 students from the junior high school,senior high school and the college took part in the questionnaire survey which included knowledge,attitudes and behaviors.Results The total awareness rate of the 5-items key messages on TB control and prevention was 69.60%.Of which 63.84% were males and 74.74% were females with meaningful differences(χ2=126.904,P0.001);statistical meaningfulness(χ2=41.177,P0.001)was also shown among junior high school students(65.86%),senior high school students(67.93%) and college students(73.04%).The total awareness rate was 34.36%.There were 86.16% students had the willingness on knowing the prevention and control knowledge of TB,82.63% students would glad to attend the promotional activities,and the female students were most more actively than male students to participate.Conclusion Knowledge rate of TB for students was lower in Zhenjiang,so health education on TB should be emphasized at schools later on.
Proof of Springer’s hypothesis

LetG be a reductive group over a finite fieldk of a characteristicp. Π:G k → AutU is an irreducible representation ofG in “a general position”. Springer formulated a conjecture about values of the character of Π on unipotent elements. This conjecture is proved in the article.
Isolated inflammatory sphenoid sinus disease: a revisitation of computed tomography indications based on presenting findings.

BACKGROUND Isolated inflammatory sphenoid sinus disease (IISSD) can be difficult to diagnose. Frequently, history and physical are inadequate in establishing a diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) is an excellent screening tool; however, it often is obtained late in the disease process because of vague symptoms at presentation. Identifying the most common presenting symptoms of IISSD may allow earlier detection and avoidance of more severe sequelae by determining earlier indications for CT. Presently, headache is not an indication for sinus CT. METHODS A retrospective chart review of IISSD presentation was performed at our institution. A literature review was performed also to quantitatively document trends in presentation of IISSD, including characterization of headache symptoms by location. Cumulative findings were then compared with current CT indications to determine if presentation patterns warrant a change in indications for CT. RESULTS A total of 361 cases were evaluated by our inclusion criteria. Headache was the most common finding (81.7%), particularly peri/retro-orbital, vertex, and frontal headache. Ocular changes (17.5%) and cranial nerve involvement (16.1%) were common also, but headache frequently was a solitary finding (42.6%). Twenty-six IISSD cases were reviewed at our institution over 7 years, with similar results. Under current guidelines, the only IISSD findings that are indications for CT scan are the ophthalmologic and neurological complications. CONCLUSION Not every headache necessitates a CT scan. However, the deep-seated vertex, frontal, and, particularly, peri/retro-orbital headaches, especially when aggravated by head movement and refractory to analgesics, as is often seen in IISSD, should be an indication for CT evaluation.
Guidance law design for tracking mobile ground targets using an unmanned aerial vehicle with a fixed camera

In this paper, we present two novel guidance laws for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a fixed camera to track a mobile ground target. The system dynamics is established in the level local coordinate frame, removing the need of converting the target location information to the global inertial frame. The first guidance law is developed using backstepping technique requiring the estimation of target-to-UAV range information, which is provided by an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The observability analysis reveals the flaw of the range-based approach. An alternative guidance law is then developed using the sliding-mode technique, which does not require the target-to-UAV range information. Simulations results show the effectiveness and comparison of the two guidance laws. Estimation results align with the observability analysis.
Volunteering to Assist the Homeless: Public Service and Individual Differences

AbstractThe present investigation examined the effects of three public service announcements (PSAs) on undergraduates’ willingness to volunteer to assist the homeless at a local emergency shelter. A PSA designed to arouse empathy in listeners generally yielded a higher rate of volunteering to assist the homeless than either a self-oriented PSA or an unemotional, other-oriented PSA. The PSA designed to arouse empathy was found to be especially effective in promoting volunteering in individuals who scored relatively high on trait affective empathy and who, in turn, reported a relatively strong empathic response to this message.
Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue of Metal Matrix Composites

Thermo-mechanical fatigue of 20% silicon carbide particulate reinforced Al 2xxx-T4 alloy is studied. In-phase and out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue experiments are conducted under Tmin = 100°C and Tmax = 300°C conditions. The research quantifies the contributions of creep and oxidation damages to fatigue damage. The failure of 20% silicon carbide particulate reinforced Al 2xxx-T4 under thermo-mechanical fatigue loading is dictated by creep-fatigue damages in the short-life regime and by oxidation damage in the long-life regime.
Wolfgang Martens, Bild und Motiv im Weltschmerz. Studien zur Dichtung Lenaus: Literatur und Leben, ed. Richard Alewyn, N.S., Vol. IV. Cologne and Graz: Böhlau, 1957. Pp. vii, 190.

(1959). Wolfgang Martens, Bild und Motiv im Weltschmerz. Studien zur Dichtung Lenaus. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 311-313.
Dual functions of CDC6: a yeast protein required for DNA replication also inhibits nuclear division.

Abstract The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene CDC6, whose protein product is required for DNA replication, is transcribed only in late G1 and S phases. We have discovered a critical reason why CDC6 expression is regulated in this fashion. Constitutive CDC6 transcription greatly delayed the initiation of M phase without effecting the G1-S transition or growth rate. This occurred in both fission and budding yeasts. The CDC6-induced M phase delay was dependent on the wee1/mik1 mitotic inhibitor kinases and was greatly accentuated in strains defective for the cdc25/MIH1 mitotic inducer phosphatases, indicating that CDC6 indirectly inhibits activation of the p34cdc2/CDC28 M phase kinase. Thus CDC6 appears to have an important and perhaps unique dual role in S phase, it is first required for the initiation of DNA replication and then actively participates in the suppression of nuclear division.
Study of underfloor air distribution using zonal model-based simulation and experimental measurements

Abstract Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) is an effective strategy to provide both ventilation and air conditioning for buildings. To predict indoor airflows and temperature distribution, zonal model has advantages over other methods such as multi-zone model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by considering the prediction accuracy and computational cost. In this work, a numerical algorithm for floor-mounted diffuser flows, which calculates the airflow mass conservation and energy conservation separately, was implemented in a newly developed zonal model computer program for UFAD application, based on the established zonal model-pressurized zonal model with air-diffuser (POMA). This computer program was validated by lab experiments under both natural convection condition and mechanical ventilation for a lab-scale mixing UFAD system. Comparisons of zonal model simulation results and experimental measurements for both temperature distributions and air flows in the lab room showed that the newly developed zonal model is a good tool for predicting the indoor thermal environment with UFAD system.
Survey-Based Simulation of User Satisfaction for Generative Design in Architecture

This paper describes a novel humanist approach to generative design through the measurement and simulation of user satisfaction in an office environment. This technique involves surveying hundreds of employees for their adjacency preference and work style preference, and then calculating how well different floor plan layouts match these preferences. This approach offers an example of how design goals which are typically considered to be “qualitative”—and beyond measurement—might become part of a “quantitative” generative design workflow for architectural design and space planning. The methodology is demonstrated through an application in the design of a 49,000 square foot office space for 270 people.