cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Acquiring and Reporting Clinical Neurospectroscopy

Since the advent of CPT 76390 in 1998, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain, or neurospectroscopy, has moved from the realm of academic research into that of the clinical world. All major MR manufacturers have aided in the endeavor by automating neurospectroscopy so that it no longer requires an MR physicist and is a push-button technique that can be run by technologists just as a typical MR sequence. Thousands of studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of neurospectroscopy, and there are many medical reviews of how this technique can be applied across a wide range of neurologic disorders. However, few studies address the practical issue of acquiring and reporting neurospectroscopy in a clinical practice. Based on clinical experience at three different sites across the country and nearly two decades of applications training for technologists and radiologists at international clinical neurospectroscopy courses, the guidelines described in this article demonstrate proven protocols for clinical diagnosis and outline the strategies involved in acquiring, interpreting, and reporting clinical neurospectroscopy successfully. A standard operating procedure used across the three sites is described and high reproducibility across different platforms is shown.
Identification and attractiveness of a major pheromone component for nearctic Euschistus spp. stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Methyl (2 E ,4 Z )-decadienoate was isolated and identified as the major male-specific volatile of Euschistus conspersus, E. tristigmus, E. servus, E. politus , and E. ictericus . In a sixth species, E. obscurus , this ester is a relatively minor male-specific component, with the major component being tentatively identified as methyl 2,6-dimethyltetradecanoate. Females, males, and nymphs of E. conspersus, E. tristigmus, E. servus , and E. politus were significantly attracted to methyl (2 E ,4 Z )-decadienoate in field tests conducted in California and Maryland. Tests in Maryland also demonstrated that parasitic tachinid flies use the Euschistus unsaturated methyl-ester as a host-finding kairomone. It is not yet clear what role minor volatile components of Euschistus play in reproductive isolation.
Effects of Age, Sex, and Reproductive Status on Flight by the Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae)

We determined the frequency and duration of flight by tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvais), on flight mills. An average maximum speed of 0.45 m/s (≍1.6 km/h) was observed during sustained flights. Bugs of prereproductive (< d old) age flew much less than older individuals. Females made more long-duration flights and flew longer than did males. Mating status had no effect on flight activity, but females with chorionated eggs flew more than females without eggs. The single-flight durations of young, parous females were longest. This information supports studies showing that early-reproductive females were more likely to colonize new habitat patches than were males or prereproductive females.
Tropism of CPMV to Professional Antigen Presenting Cells Enables a Platform to Eliminate Chronic Infections

Chronic viral infections (e.g., HIV, HBV, HCV) represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality with over 500 million people infected worldwide. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are key cell types for productive viral replication and persistent systemic infection. We demonstrate that the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) displays tropism for such antigen presenting cells in both mice and humans, thus making it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery toward viral infections. Furthermore, we show inhibition of a key host protein for viral infection, site-1 protease (S1P), using the small molecule PF-429242 in the model pathogen arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) limits viral growth. By packaging PF-429242 in CPMV, we are able to control drug release and efficiently deliver the drug. This sets the groundwork for utilizing the natural tropism of CPMV for a therapeutic approach that specifically targets cell types most commonly subverted by chronic viruses.
Analysis on HIV/AIDS Epidemic Characteristics in Huarong County from 2004 to 2010

Objective To investigate the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Huarong County,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing effective and feasible control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used for analyzing AIDS situation in Huarong County during the period of 2004-2010. Results There were 59 cases of HIV/AIDS reported in Huarong County from 2004 to 2010,including 28 cases of AIDS and 18 death cases.The age distribution was mainly between 25 to 44 years old,accounting for 71.1%.There were 31 male patients,accounting for 52.54%.The proportion of peasants,housekeeping employees, and unemployment was 50.8%.Most of the patients infected with HIV/AIDS were mainly through sexual contact,accounted for 76.3%. Conclusions The prevalence of AIDS in Huarong County showed rapidly increasing trends,and the epidemic spread of HIV/AIDS was from high-risk groups to general population.Therefore,the effective countermeasures are necessary in controlling the prevalence of HIV/AIDS.
Petunia Growth Response to Container Substrate Amended with Dewatered Aquaculture Effluent

This experiment evaluated petunia (Petunia ·hybrida ‘Celebrity’) growth response to amending a commercial potting mix (F3B) with different amounts of dewatered aquaculture effluent (AE) and fertigating with a water-soluble, inorganic fertilizer or municipal water. The experiment was a completely randomized 2 · 5 factorial design with eight single-pot replications per treatment. At 39 days after planting (DAP), a significant (P £ 0.05) substrate and water interaction existed for petunia growth index (GI), bloom count (BC), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW). The 100% F3B, 5% AE, and 10% AE substrates benefited with a significantly (P £ 0.05) greater BC, FW, and DW when fertigation was used; however, the water source had no effect on petunia BC, FW, or DW for levels ‡25% AE. Fertigating substrates amended with increasing levels of AE did not improve petunia growth. Conversely, when applying municipal water plant, FW and DW were the greatest using 25% AE.
Beliefs and ideologies linked with approval of corporal punishment: a content analysis of online comments

This study employs a novel strategy for identifying points of resistance to education efforts aimed at reducing rates of child physical abuse and use of corporal punishment (CP). We analyzed online comments (n = 581) generated in response to media coverage of a study linking CP with increased child aggression. Most comments (71%) reflected approval of hitting children for disciplinary purposes. Reasons for this approval were rooted in beliefs linking the use of CP with positive or neutral outcomes such as: 'I was spanked and I am okay', spanking improves child behavior, spanking is more effective than other forms of discipline and spanking is not abuse. However, also linked with approval were more macro-ideological beliefs about society such as: today's generation is worse off than previous ones, outside interference with parenting is wrong, one cause leads to an outcome, justifications for hitting children rooted in religious doctrine, bad parents cannot control their children and children have too much power. Our results suggest a need to better translate and disseminate empirical findings regarding the negative effects of CP to the public in a way that is highly sensitive to parents' needs to feel in control and effective when parenting.
Utility of Peripheral Blood BCR-ABL Mutation Analyses in Patients with Unexplained Neutrophilic Leukocytoses. Incidence of a Positive Test and Its Clinical Correlates

Abstract 4444 Background: In patients with chronic unexplained neutrophilic leukocytoses (UNL), underlying Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a concern. In these patients, peripheral blood BCR-ABL mutation analyses using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is often performed to investigate for CML. Diagnostic yield of this test, in patients presenting UNL and especially in those with mild leukocytoses is uncertain. Objective: To establish the overall incidence BCR-ABL mutation in patients with UNL using peripheral blood FISH analyses. To determine the incidence within subgroups based on severity of leukocytoses. To explore the association between a positive test and the presenting clinical and laboratory features. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review (2000–2010) of adult patients referred to the hematology service at the Dallas Veterans Administration Medical Center for evaluation of UNL. All patients had undergone, peripheral blood BCR-ABL mutation analyses by FISH. Neutrophilic leukocytoses were defined as a white blood count (WBC) above 11 × 10 9 /L along with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 7 × 10 9 /L. It was considered unexplained, if it persisted on repeat testing and the referring physician deemed its etiology as uncertain. The primary end point was incidence of BCR-ABL positivity in patients with UNL. Incidence of BCR-ABL positivity within subgroups based on degree of WBC elevation defined as mild (11–20 × 10 9 /L), moderate (>20–50 × 10 9 ) or severe (>50 × 10 9 ) was also calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of various laboratory and clinical features was performed to identify any confounding variables. Results: The median time from discovery of leukocytoses to the performing the test was 1545 days (n=285). 26 (9.1%) patients were found to be positive for BCR-ABL (n= 286). Majority had mild leukocytoses (n=202). The incidence increased with the severity of leukocytoses. Mild = 4/202 (2%), moderate = 9/62 (14.5%), severe = 13/22 (59.1%). On univariate analyses, a positive test was associated with presence of an elevated LDH (OR=107 CI 14.17–809.99), myeloid left shift (OR=107 CI 14.17–809.99) and hepatosplenomegaly (OR 3.87 CI 1.57–9.54). On multivariate regression, the presence of a myeloid left shift was strongly associated with a positive test (OR=67.20 CI 8.36–540.36). Myeloid left shift was seen in 3/4 (75%) of patients with a mild leukocytoses and positive test for BCR-ABL , Conclusion: In patients with UNL, peripheral blood FISH for BCR-ABL mutation should be restricted to those with moderate to severe leukocytoses. Incidence of BCR-ABL is especially low (2%) in patients with mild leukocytoses ( 9 /L). In these patients BCR-ABL testing should be limited to those with an unexplained myeloid left shift. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Novel Observations of Larval Fire Survival, Feeding Behavior, and Host Plant Use in the Regal Fritillary, Speyeria idalia (Drury) (Nymphalidae)

ABSTRACT. Speyeria idalia is a prairie specialist that has experienced dramatic population declines throughout its range. Speyeria idalia is nearly extirpated from the eastern portion of its former range; however, populations within Kansas are relatively stable. We made several previously undescribed field observations of late-instar larvae and post-diapause female S. idalia in northeastern Kansas during 2014–2016. We report finding late-instar larvae at locations that were burned within weeks of detection. The observations of larvae shortly following a burn suggests that S. idalia larvae are capable of surviving fire and contradicts our current knowledge of this species. Additionally, we describe a feeding behavior characteristic of late-instar larvae. Larvae observed in the field and lab stripped leaves of host plants leaving only stems. This strip-style feeding behavior provided unique feeding evidence that was valuable to detecting the presence of larvae in the field. Finally, we documented larvae and...
A universal strategy for the creation of machine learning-based atomistic force fields

Emerging machine learning (ML)-based approaches provide powerful and novel tools to study a variety of physical and chemical problems. In this contribution, we outline a universal strategy to create ML-based atomistic force fields, which can be used to perform high-fidelity molecular dynamics simulations. This scheme involves (1) preparing a big reference dataset of atomic environments and forces with sufficiently low noise, e.g., using density functional theory or higher-level methods, (2) utilizing a generalizable class of structural fingerprints for representing atomic environments, (3) optimally selecting diverse and non-redundant training datasets from the reference data, and (4) proposing various learning approaches to predict atomic forces directly (and rapidly) from atomic configurations. From the atomistic forces, accurate potential energies can then be obtained by appropriate integration along a reaction coordinate or along a molecular dynamics trajectory. Based on this strategy, we have created model ML force fields for six elemental bulk solids, including Al, Cu, Ti, W, Si, and C, and show that all of them can reach chemical accuracy. The proposed procedure is general and universal, in that it can potentially be used to generate ML force fields for any material using the same unified workflow with little human intervention. Moreover, the force fields can be systematically improved by adding new training data progressively to represent atomic environments not encountered previously. A machine learning-based strategy for calculating atomic force fields could expand the range of molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations are a powerful tool for exploring how atomic-scale chemical and physical processes evolve over time. To perform such simulations, an initial atomic configuration needs to be defined, and atomic forces are input for each time step. Whilst quantum mechanics-based methods for calculating the fields are available, these approaches cannot easily be applied to large systems over long timescales. A team of researchers from the University of Connecticut, led by Rampi Ramprasad, now present a general and universal strategy for using machine learning-based methods to generate highly accurate atomic force fields that may provide a pathway for performing efficient molecular dynamics simulations on nanometer-sized systems over several nanoseconds.
Weight status, diet quality, perceived stress, and functional health of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

PURPOSE Caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be highly demanding and can put significant strain on caregivers. To date, little is known about the extent to which caregivers of children with ASD experience increased levels of stress which may adversely affect health outcomes. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to compare caregivers of children with ASD and caregivers of typically developing children (TDC) in weight status, diet quality, perceived stress related to the parenting role, and functional health and well-being. DESIGN AND METHODS Caregivers of 25 children with ASD and 30 TDC completed the 2005 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, the 36-item Short Form of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI/SF), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and had their heights and weights measured during an onsite visit. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 and its dietary components and conformance to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. RESULTS ASD caregivers did not differ significantly from TDC caregivers in body mass index or overweight/obesity prevalence (p ≥ .28), even when controlling for covariates. In univariate analyses, ASD caregivers consumed significantly fewer empty calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars than TDC caregivers (p = .03), but they did not differ significantly in any other dietary outcomes including nutrient adequacy (p ≥ .10) and mean total HEI scores (p = .20). ASD caregivers, when compared to TDC caregivers, reported significantly greater parenting stress for the subscales difficult child and parent-child dysfunctional interaction as well as total stress (p < .001). In addition, 56% of ASD caregivers compared with 6.7% of TDC caregivers showed clinically significant levels of stress (p < .0001); a finding which remained statistically significant when controlling for covariates. ASD and TDC caregivers did not differ significantly in any SF-36 health domains related to functional health and well-being (p ≥ .10). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Despite higher reported levels of stress, ASD caregivers did not differ significantly from TDC caregivers in diet- and health-related outcomes. Nurses and other health professionals should use comprehensive screening tools to assess overall caregiver stress and levels of resilience.
A Measure of Last Resort: Limerence and the Geometrical Shape of Community in Love

In this chapter, we turn to Toni Morrison’s eighth novel, Love (2003), which is set in the town of Silk, South Carolina. There, Bill Cosey is the sole proprietor of Cosey’s Resort and benefactor of Silk’s black population. Even when he is not physically present, Cosey embodies Sula Peace’s observation that black men are “the envy of the world” (104). But reading Love requires sustained attention to issues of space and place, especially as they relate to the concept of leverage. Where Jazz took place in a smaller section of the metropolis, events unfold in Love against the backdrop of the town.
Fluid rheological effects on particle migration in a straight rectangular microchannel

There has recently been a significantly increasing interest in the passive manipulation of particles in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through microchannels. However, an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the various fluid rheological effects on particle migration is still largely missing. We present in this work a systematic experimental study of both the individual and the combined effects of fluid inertia, elasticity, and shear thinning on the motion of rigid spherical particles in a straight rectangular microchannel. We first study the sole effect of each of these rheological properties in a Newtonian fluid, purely elastic (i.e., Boger) fluid, and purely shear-thinning (i.e., pseudoplastic) fluid, respectively. We then study the combined effects of two or all of these rheological properties in a pseudoplastic fluid and two types of elastic shear-thinning fluids, respectively. We find that the fluid elasticity effect directs particles toward the centerline of the channel while the fluid shear-thinning effect causes particle migration toward both the centerline and corners. These two effects are combined with the fluid inertial effect to understand the particle migration in inertial pseudoplastic and viscoelastic fluid flows.
A Flexible Printed Radio Frequency Direction Finder Using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors

An inkjet printed radio frequency direction finder is presented in this paper for use in wearable electronics. The device is used to receive an alert signal from a high frequency source in its immediate proximity. The goal is to alert the person of a sudden accident or alert that could be dangerous and requires a quick response. Two loop antennas were used in a Watson-Watt configuration to receive the wave forms. The angle of arrival was estimated using a differential amplifier. This amplifier was used to compare the amplitude of two input channels. The differential amplifier was fabricated by printing two carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET) on a flexible substrate. Measurement of the circuit showed that a 90° change in the angle of arrival created a 10 mV amplitude change in output.
Single-Phase Helium as Coolant for Superconducting Magnets

Original work on heat transfer by circulations of supercritical helium for cooling superconducting cables was done in this laboratory in 1965 by Kolm et al [1]. Two recent papers[2,3] have described the computer program for which experimental verification is being sought. The pros and cons of a hollow-conductor system have also been discussed in these pubications.
Look Up and Around: Musings on Mentors, Role Models, and Professionalism

In response to NCMA's request that its Board of Advisors explain how we ended up as leaders in contract management, this article offers a rather simple over-arching suggestion for successful professionals and future leaders: look up and around. The article encourages readers to identify mentors, embrace the strengths of their role models, and open themselves up to learn from others, evolve, and grow. The article discusses, among other things, education, networking, professional development (and, of course, writing), and the power of optimism.
Applications of symbolic finite automata

Symbolic automata theory lifts classical automata theory to rich alphabet theories. It does so by replacing an explicit alphabet with an alphabet described implicitly by a Boolean algebra. How does this lifting affect the basic algorithms that lay the foundation for modern automata theory and what is the incentive for doing this? We investigate these questions here. In our approach we use state-of-the-art constraint solving techniques for automata analysis that are both expressive and efficient, even for very large and infinite alphabets. We show how symbolic finite automata enable applications ranging from modern regex analysis to advanced web security analysis, that were out of reach with prior methods.
Developing Criteria Hierarchies

Analysis of problems with multiple criteria requires steps of identifying objectives, arranging these objectives into a hierarchy, and then measuring how well available alternatives perform on each criterion. The validity of the process requires a good start to this process—identification of what the decision maker or decision makers want to accomplish.
Parallel Evolution of Antibody Affinity and Thermal Stability for Optimal Biotherapeutic Development.

Naive antibody libraries provide a rich resource for the identification of binding domains against targets of therapeutic interest. Being naive in nature means a lack in antigen bias, resulting in a breadth of diversity with respect to epitopes that can be successfully targeted. In combination with display-based technology platforms, selection strategies allow for the generation of ortholog cross-reactive binding domains which enable critical preclinical proof-of-concept studies. However, naive binding domains often suffer from low target affinity. In addition, construction of large naive libraries results in non-native pairing of heavy and light v-domains which can present a challenge to molecular stability. Here we describe effective methods for the parallel evolution of antibody affinity and thermal stability which couple mutant antibody library phage display with carefully designed selection strategies.
Association of allograft rejection with reduction of immunosuppression for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Analysis of a 20-year single-institutional experience.

e19047Background: Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare, but potentially fatal complication of transplantation and therapeutic immunosuppression (IS). The cornerstone of PTL...
Pet ownership and the risk of dying from lung cancer, findings from an 18 year follow-up of a US national cohort

Abstract Purpose In contrast to the popularity of pets, research on the health effects of living with pets, particularly, on the risk of cancer, is minimal and inconclusive. We longitudinally examined relationships between pet ownership and the risk of dying from lung cancer. Methods We analyzed nationally representative data of 13,725 adults aged ≥ 19 who answered the question about pet ownership in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, as the baseline survey. Vital status was followed through December 31st, 2010. Results About 43% of the study population owned pets, with 20.4% having cats and 4.6% having birds. A total of 213 lung cancer deaths were recorded by the end of 183,094 unweighted person-years of follow-up with a lung-cancer specific death rate of 1.00 per 1000 person-years. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index, history of atopic conditions, and serum cotinine, owning a pet (any) was associated with a doubled mortality rate among women for lung cancer [hazard ratio (HR)= 2.31 (1.41–3.79)] over non-owners. This association was largely attributed to having a cat or a bird. The HR was 2.85 (1.62–5.01) for cats, and 2.67 (0.68−10.5) for birds. The HR for dogs was 1.01 (0.57–1.77). No significant patterns of association were observed among men either for any pets or for a subtype of pet. Conclusions Living with a pet, especially, a cat or a bird, was significantly associated with elevated hazard of dying from lung cancer among women. The detrimental effect that pets conferred was not explained by confounding from cigarette smoking or atopic conditions.
Computer Applications in Programs for Young Children with Disabilities: Current Status and Future Directions

This study surveyed the current status of computer integration in preschool special education classrooms, including: (a) software selection, (b) use and integration of computer technology, and (c) ...
LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING OF C14-LABELED HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMIN BY A MODIFIED SCHOENIGER TECHNIQUE.

Abstract A rapid, reproducible method for radioassay of C 14 -labeled hemoglobin and hemin is described. This modification of the Schoniger technique permits multiple determinations without the use of internal standards. The radioassay of compounds bearing multiple isotopic labels is examined. Suggestions are made for the proper spectral separation of various isotopes in this counting system.
Application of Clustering Algorithms to TRMM Precipitation over the Tropical and South Pacific Ocean

AbstractUnderstanding multiscale rainfall variability in the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), a southeastward-oriented band of precipitating deep convection in the South Pacific, is critical ...
The validity of a locational marginal price on variable power injections in energy and regulation markets

Abstract This work explores the validity of a nodal price based on the marginal cost of injected real power variability, named the locational price of variability, to better align the regulation clearing price with energy locational marginal pricing. The market clearing formulation is a chance constrained optimal power flow problem for network-constrained energy and frequency regulating reserve markets. We consider how the introduced price meets several properties of efficient prices in electricity market design. We propose applications of the price to regulation market settlements affecting conventional generators, variable resource generators and load serving entities. A more efficient regulation market will be desired as balancing operations grow in complexity with the increase of intermittent resources on the electric grid.
Site-Level Bioactivity of Small-Molecules from Deep-Learned Representations of Quantum Chemistry.

Atom- or bond-level chemical properties of interest in medicinal chemistry, such as drug metabolism and electrophilic reactivity, are important to understand and predict across arbitrary new molecu...
Lower eyelid malposition following repair of complex orbitofacial trauma.

Purpose: To compare the incidence of lower eyelid malposition following repair of isolated orbital floor fractures with that of complex orbitofacial fractures (defined as multi-wall fractures or pr...
Some Thoughts on Compensation and Remedial Relief for Disasters in the American Legal System

We live in a time when disasters, tragically, have taken on new meaning. Natural disasters arise with greater frequency and growing intensity. And responsible party disasters—disasters that are man-made—dominate the headlines, generating fear and a sense of disbelief. Both preventive measures beforehand, and restorative efforts on behalf of victims thereafter, raise enormously difficult questions of how to best address these momentous events. This essay focuses on the restorative efforts: compensation and remedial relief for disasters in the United States legal system. The essay sets out to briefly describe the multi-layered system in the U.S. for addressing the consequences of catastrophic loss, which is framed in a typology based on a straightforward, two-fold approach. Part I discusses compensation for natural disasters, where a combination of legislative no-fault compensation systems, privately held insurance, and governmental assistance programs compensate property loss, which is the dominant, although by no means exclusive, source of harm. Part II turns to responsible party disasters—where tort serves as the default system for seeking redress for physical harms. In addition to tort, Part III considers other options for securing compensation, such as targeted informal settlement schemes. Finally, the essay concludes with a brief note on the shortcomings of each of these strategies and suggest the need for a hybrid approach that draws upon each of the positive elements in our patchwork system.
Isothermal compressed wind energy storage using abandoned oil/gas wells or coal mines

Abstract Wind energy has rapidly increased and is expected to continue to do so over the next few decades. This will exacerbate the issue whereby its intermittent energy production does not generally coincide with energy demand. This can be addressed by integrating cost-effective energy storage with wind farms. The present study develops a concept that leverages the capacity of underground reservoirs of abandoned oil or gas wells to avoid the costs of expensive storage vessels and employs isothermal processes for the compressed air energy storage to improve round-trip efficiency. By levelizing the production using compressed air energy storage, the electrical generator size (and associated) cost may be reduced while maintaining the same average power production. These generator cost savings are projected to offset the cost of the storage system, so increased dispachtability is obtained with little to no added cost. This allows the predicted Cost of Valued Energy to be lowered by more than 10% for a typical wind farm, used as a case study. In addition, the simulated dispatchability ratio can reach 86.7%, which is far better than the 55.7% of a wind farm without storage. Importantly, the siting of wind farms near abandoned wells and mines also has the potential for significant new infrastructure investment and jobs in areas that might be economically-depressed. However, experimental verification with a pilot facility combined with ramifications of operational costs and geological factors are needed to demonstrate and quantify the benefits of this concept.
DMInet: An Accurate and Highly Flexible Deep Learning Framework for Drug Discovery with Membrane Selectivity.

Drug membrane interaction is a very significant bioprocess to consider in drug discovery. Here, we propose a novel deep learning framework coined DMInet to study drug-membrane interactions that leverages large-scale Martini coarse-grained molecular simulations of permeation of drug-like molecules across six different lipid membranes. The network of DMInet receives three inputs, viz, the drug-like molecule, membrane type and spatial distance across membrane thickness, and predicts the potential of mean force with structural resolution across the lipid membrane and membrane selectivity. Inheriting from coarse-grained Martini representation of organic molecules and combined with deep learning, DMInet has the potential for more accelerated high throughput screening in drug discovery across a much larger chemical space than that can be explored by physics-based simulations alone. Moreover, DMInet is highly flexible in its nature and holds the possibilities for other properties prediction without significant change of the architecture. Last but not least, the architecture of DMInet is general and can be applied to other membrane problems involving permeation and selection.
Frequency of Social Media and Digital Scholarship Keywords in U.S. Medical Schools' Promotion and Tenure Guidelines

Purpose Medical schools must have clear policies and procedures for promotion and tenure (P&T) of faculty. Social media and digital scholarship (SMDS) is an emerging form of scholarship capable of reaching audiences quickly, conveniently, and in a wide variety of formats. It is unclear how frequently SMDS is considered during P&T reviews. The authors sought to determine whether current P&T guidelines at medical schools consider SMDS. Method The authors acquired P&T guidelines from any U.S. Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited medical school (or their governing university) that were available online between October and December 2020. Using an iterative process, they developed a bank of keywords that were specific to SMDS or that could include SMDS between October and December 2020. The authors searched each school's guidelines for each keyword and determined whether the word was being used in relation to crediting faculty for SMDS in the context of P&T procedures. The primary outcome measure was the dichotomous presence or absence of SMDS-specific keywords in each school's P&T guidelines. Results The authors acquired P&T guidelines from 145/154 (94%) medical schools. After removing duplicate documents, the authors considered 139 guidelines. The keyword bank included 59 terms, of which 49 were specific to SMDS and 10 were umbrella terms that could be inclusive of SMDS. Of the 139 guidelines, 121 (87%) contained at least one SMDS-specific keyword. Schools had a median of 3 SMDS-specific keywords in their P&T guidelines. Conclusions As the presence and impact of SMDS increases, schools should provide guidance on its role in the P&T process. Faculty should receive clear guidance on how to document quality SMDS for their promotion file.
Exceptional points in a time-delayed anti-parity-time symmetric system

We report on the experimental realization of an anti-PT symmetric system in a pair of time-delay coupled semiconductor lasers, and via numerical and analytical modeling investigate the properties of exceptional points in it.
Making Success in Education: What Black Parents Believe about Participation in Their Children's Education.

This article examines the role of parent involvement—its meaning and effects—among a determined group of African American parents. We focus on some of the characteristics of involvement of a subset of African American parents in a larger program designed to enhance the math and science course selection of middle and high school students. As one of several factors related to school success, our findings confirm the centrality of parent participation and its implications among members of a historically marginalized group.
Myo-inositol transport in slices of rat kidney cortex. I. Effect of incubation conditions and inhibitors.

Abstract The incubation conditions affecting the energy- and sodium ion-requiring uptake and retention of myo-inositol by slices of rat kidney cortex have been studied. No transport could be demonstrated in other tissues. Leakage of inositol from the slices amounted to 15% of the endogenous inositol in the first 45 min of incubation in air and at most to 8% on reincubation for 1 h in 95% O2-5% CO2. Removal of oxygen from the gas phase increased leakage and abolished the active uptake of inositol, effects which could not be prevented by the addition of energy sources such as glucose and ATP. The accumulation of radioactivity had a Q10 greater than 3 and an apparent K m of 1.57·10−4 M. A number of inhibitors of different stages of metabolic energy production interfered in varying degree with the uptake and retention of inositol. The extent of inhibition was largely determined by the concentration of the substance used, but an anomalous response was seen with 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results are discussed with reference to current concepts of active transport.
Medical prognosis based on patient similarity and expert feedback

Prognosis refers to the prediction of the future health status of a patient. Providing prognostic insight to clinicians is critical for physician decision support. In this paper we present a collaborative disease prognosis strategy leveraging the information of the clinically similar patient cohort, using a Local Spline Regression (LSR) based similarity measure. To improve the reliability of the approach, the algorithm can also incorporate physician's feedback in the form of whether the patients in a retrieved cohort are indeed similar to the query patient. The proposed methodology was tested on a real clinical data set containing records of over two hundred thousand patients over three years. We report the retrieval as well as prognosis performance to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
Canine cystine urolithiasis. Cause, detection, treatment, and prevention.

Cystine uroliths are a sequela to cystinuria, an inherited renal tubular defect in reabsorption of cystine and some other amino acids. At the Minnesota Urolith Center, 67 breeds of dogs were identified, including English Bulldogs, Dachshunds, Mastiffs, and Newfoundlands. In some dogs, the severity of cystinuria may decline with advancing age. Current recommendations for dissolution of cystine uroliths include various combinations of diet modification, diuresis, administration of 2-MPG, and alkalinization of urine.
Intrinsic material properties of the erythrocyte membrane indicated by mechanical analysis of deformation

Deformation of the erythrocyte membrane by the micropipette technique permits analysis of intrinsic material characteris- tics of the membrane and provides a means to differentiate purely membrane factors from such extrinsic factors as sur- face area-to-volume ratio. Using small micropipettes (<0.5 im radius) to deform cells, it is evident that the red cell mem- brane behaves like a solid for periods of time up to 5-10 mm of sustained deforma- tion; for long periods of strain, permanent deformations occur, indicative of the semi- solid structural character. In the time range in which the membrane behaves like a solid, the material is linearly elastic up to strains of 400%, implying a loose network structure in the membrane plane, and evaluation of the elastic parameterz (z for normal discocytes equals 7 x 1 0� dynes/ cm) suggests that the elements comprising the network may have a molecular weight of approximately that of the water-soluble membrane protein spectrin. Whether the network systemis cross-linked or simply a polymer solution remains unanswered. Experimental data indicate that plastic flow of the membrane under conditions of protracted strain may lead to permanent deformation of the membrane, whereas uniform dilation of the membrane, requir- ing over 1000 times more energy than for plastic flow, results in membrane failure and lysis. Analyses of the data from larger micropipettes of limiting mean cylindrical diameter show their utility in evaluating extrinsic factors, e.g., surface area-to- volume relationships, which are related to the capability of the whole cell to form a new configuration with implicit resistance to total surface area change, as the cell enters narrow channels of the microcircu- lation. Thus, micropipettes with diameters in the 2.7-3.O-jum range can provide sensi- tive comparisons of cellular deformability of erythrocytes. I NVESTIGATION OF THE basic mechanisms underlying hemolysis and fragmentation of erythrocytes, and the regulation of cell release from marrow have generally been limited to morphologic and biochemical studies that have yielded much important information despite the static nature of the observations. Physiologic studies have the increased significance of providing insight into the dynamics of behavior of blood cells, and, coupled with morpho- logic and biochemical approaches, may reflect important in vivo mechanisms. Obvious limitations include the fact that interpretations often are applicable to populations of cells, and the dynamics of single cells or cell components such as the membrane may not be easily derived. Recently a variety of approaches to analysis of the blood cell properties by
Ethnic differences in ambient air pollution and risk of acute ischemic stroke.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between short-term changes in ambient pollution (particulate matter Methods We identified incident ischemic stroke cases from the population-based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project between 2000 and 2012. Associations between PM2.5 (mean 24-h) and O3 (maximal 8-h) levels, measured on the same-day and lags of 1–3 days, and odds of ischemic stroke were assessed using a time-stratified case-crossover design and modeled using conditional logistic regression. We explored race/ethnicity (Mexican American versus non-Hispanic white) as a modifier by including interaction terms in the models. Results There were 2948 ischemic strokes with median age 71 years (IQR: 59-80). We observed no overall associations between the air pollutants and odds of ischemic stroke at any lag. When stratified by ethnicity, higher O3 was consistently associated with greater odds of ischemic stroke for non-Hispanic whites, but not for Mexican Americans. Higher PM2.5 was generally associated with lower odds of ischemic stroke for non-Hispanic whites but modestly greater odds for Mexican Americans. Conclusion Ethnic differences in the associations between ischemic stroke and short-term exposures to O3 and PM2.5 were suggested indicating that further study in diverse populations may be warranted.
Intra-Summer Movement and Probable Dual Breeding of the Eastern Marsh Wren (Cistothorus p. palustris); a Cistothorus Ancestral Trait?

ABSTRACT Midwest breeding populations of the eastern North American Marsh Wren (Cistothorus p. palustris) perform intra-summer movements presumably to breed at two different locations during the same summer. It appears that birds that initially breed during May-June move south to breed again during mid-July through August. Because this unique behavior is shared with its closest living relative, the North American Sedge Wren (C. platensis stellaris), it may be an ancestral trait of Cistothorus.
Localization and vector spherical harmonics

Abstract This paper establishes the following localization property for vector spherical harmonics: a wide class of non-local, vector-valued operators reduce to local, multiplication-type operations when applied to a vector spherical harmonic. As localization occurs in a very precise, quantifiable and explicitly computable fashion, the localization property provides a set of useful formulae for analyzing vector-valued fractional diffusion and non-local differential equations defined on S d − 1 . As such analyses require a detailed understanding of operators for which localization occurs, we provide several applications of the result in the context of non-local differential equations.
Profiling and verification of gene expression patterns in normal and malignant human prostate tissues by cDNA microarray analysis.

Abstract cDNA microarray technology allows the ‘profiling’ of gene expression patterns for virtually any cellular material. In this study, we applied cDNA microarray technology to profile changes in gene expression associated with human prostate tumorigenesis. RNA prepared from normal and malignant prostate tissue was examined for the expression levels of 588 human genes. Four different methods for data normalization were utilized. Of these, normalization to ACTB expression proved to be the most rigorous technique with the least probability of producing spurious results. After normalization to ACTB expression, 15 of 588 (2.6%) genes examined by array analysis were differentially expressed by a factor of 2x or more in malignant compared to normal prostate tissues. The expression patterns for 8 of 15 genes have been reported previously in prostate tissues (TGF β 3, TGFBR3, IGFII, IGFBP2, VEGF, FGF7, ERBB3, MYC), but those of seven genes are reported here for the first time (MLH1, CYP1B1, RFC4, EPHB3, MGST1, BTEB2, MLP). These genes describe at least four metabolic and signaling pathways likely disrupted in human prostate tumorigenesis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and Northern blot analyses quantitated with reference to ACTB expression levels verified the trends in gene expression levels observed by array analysis for 14/15 and 8/8 genes, respectively. However, RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses accurately verified the ‘fold’ differences in expression levels for only 6/15 (40%) and 7/8 (88%) of genes examined, respectively, demonstrating the need to better validate quantitative differences in gene expression revealed by array-based techniques.
Saturated Transformer Inductances Determined By Energy Perturbation Techniques

The effect of perturbation of currents of multi-winding transformers, on the stored magnetic energy in the magnetic field associated with these apparatus is used to calculate the saturated incremental, apparent and effective self and mutual winding inductances. The method is applied here to single phase and three phase transformers. A finite element magnetic field model is used to calculate the energy stored in the magnetic field associated with such transformers. The numerically calculated inductances are in good agreement with those obtained from test. The results of this work reveal that in three phase transformers various winding self and mutual inductances cannot be considered constant or independent of time and level of excitation, throughout an ac cycle of operation. This method, enables one to determine incremental values of transformer inductances during the design stage. Knowing such parameters before construction of hardware is most significant in the dynamic analysis and design of static solid state power conversion equipment, and may help avoid costly design modifications of such apparatus.
A New Plug-In Adaptive Controller for Rejection of Periodic Disturbances

In this paper, an adaptive digital algorithm, for rejecting periodic disturbances is proposed. The controller is constructed in a «plug-in » manner, i.e., it can be added to an existed feedback control system without altering the original closed-loop configuration. It is shown that the controller can reject disturbances at selected frequencies independently. Furthermore, since the controller only deals with phase and gain of the error signal, no structural information about the plant is required. The controller is implemented on a disk drive system for track following. The result shows that by rejecting the disturbance up to, four times of its fundamental frequency, the tracking error is reduced substantially
Evidence for a primary cosmic-ray particle with energy 10**20-eV

Relations and assumptions used in estimating the size of a cosmic air shower recorded at the MIT Volcano Ranch station are discussed. The total number of particles produced is estimated as 5 x 10/sup 10/, and the total energy of the primary particle is estimated as 1.0 x 10/sup 20/ ev, indicating its origin outside our galaxy. (D.C.W.)
Opportunities and Challenges in Heat Transfer— from the Perspective of the Government Laboratory

The technological problems in which heat transfer research is required are briefly reviewed, discussing the role of the government laboratory in this research. The Hot Section Technology Program at NASA Lewis is addressed as an example. A building-block approach to turbine aerothermal research is shown, as is an interactive computational/experimental synergism and an interdisciplinary research methodology for life prediction of turbine engine hot-section components. The main issues for government laboratories as organizers and focusers in this area of research are listed, and challenges and opportunities for the future are indicated.