cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Clinical Ethics Expertise through Mentored Training at the Bedside

Shadowing in clinical ethics is the activity that most closely mimics the kind of mentored learning that clinicians of other varieties, such as physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists, go through before such clinicians are let loose to independently care for patients. Regardless of how much academic training one may have, without shadowing an experienced clinical ethicist the inexperienced clinical ethicist has no hope of developing real expertise. Acting in clinical ethics on one’s own accord is possible, even perhaps the norm. It is, however, dangerous to patients, families, institutions and the profession. Without some semblance of the kind of mentored training all clinicians obtain, expertise in clinical ethics will be elusive. The chapter concludes with what shadowing entails, addresses how long the author recommends shadowing continue before budding clinical ethicists begin creeping towards independence, why independence does not yet equate with expertise, and when mastery might be expected.
Interaction effect of familism and socioeconomic status on academic outcomes of adolescent children of Latino immigrant families.

Abstract Introduction Previous research has shown inconsistent findings of the effect of familism on academic outcomes among adolescents from Latino immigrant families. Guided by social capital theory and the concept of gendered familism, the current study examined differential effects of family obligation and family cohesion as subcomponents separately. This study also investigated the moderating effect of familial SES on the association of each component of familism and academic outcomes by gender. Methods Participants were 1801 adolescents from Latino immigrant families (Mage = 14.1 years, SD = 0.83, range = 14–17) drawn from the Children of Immigrant Longitudinal Studies. The current study employed a series of multiple regression analyses to examine the effects of familism, assessed by family obligation and family cohesion, on adolescents' grade point average (GPA), educational expectations and aspirations. Multigroup analyses were also conducted to examine gender differences in the effect of familism on adolescents’ academic outcomes. Results Analyses revealed the positive main effect of family cohesion and the negative effect of family obligations on Latino and Latina adolescents' GPA and educational expectations. For Latino adolescents, negative effect of family obligation on GPA was stronger for adolescents from high-SES families than those from low-SES families. Conclusion It is imperative for researchers to conceptualize familism and operationalize the construct clearly. The effect of differences in family context and gender role expectation also needs to be considered in examining the association between familism and the academic outcomes of adolescents from immigrant families.
Using Full and Partial Unmixing Algorithms to Estimate the Inundation Extent of Small, Isolated Stock Ponds in an Arid Landscape

Many natural wetlands around the world have disappeared or been replaced, resulting in the dependence of many wildlife species on small, artificial earthen stock ponds. These ponds provide critical wildlife habitat, such that the accurate detection of water and assessment of inundation extent is required. We applied a full (linear spectral mixture analysis; LSMA) and partial (matched filtering; MF) spectral unmixing algorithm to a 2007 Landsat 5 and a 2014 Landsat 8 satellite image to determine the ability of a time-intensive (i.e., more spectral input; LSMA) vs. a more efficient (less spectral input; MF) spectral unmixing approach to detect and estimate surface water area of stock ponds in southern Arizona, USA and northern Sonora, Mexico. Spearman rank correlations (rs) between modeled and actual inundation areas less than a single Landsat pixel ( 900 m2 (rs range = 0.34 to 0.70). Our results demonstrate that the MF approach can model ranked inundation extent of known pond locations with results comparable to or better than LSMA, but further refinement is required for estimating absolute inundation areas and mapping wetlands <1 Landsat pixel.
Genetic Algorithms for model refinement and rule discovery in a high-dimensional agent-based model of inflammation

Introduction: Agent-based modeling frequently used modeling method for multi-scale mechanistic modeling. However, the same properties that make agent-based models (ABMs) well suited to representing biological systems also present significant challenges with respect to their construction and calibration, particularly with respect to the large number of free parameters often present in these models. The challenge of dealing with parameters is further exacerbated due to the fact that a great deal of phenotypic and clinical heterogeneity can be attributed to intrinsic genetic/epigenetic variation manifesting as functional parameter variation. As a result, effectively representing biological populations with ABMs requires dealing with very large multi-dimensional parameter spaces that exponentially increase the computational demands for their use. We have proposed that various machine learning (ML) and evolutionary computing approaches (such as genetic algorithms (GAs)) can be used to more effectively and efficiently deal with parameter space characterization; the current work applies GAs to the challenge of calibrating a complex ABM to a specific data set in a fashion that preserves the parameter spaces required to deal with biological heterogeneity. Methods: This project uses a GA to fit a previously validated ABM of acute systemic inflammation, the Innate Immune Response ABM (IIRABM) to clinical time series data of systemic cytokine levels. The genome for the GA is a vector generated from the IIRABM9s Model Rule Matrix (MRM), which is a matrix representation of not only the constants/parameters associated with the IIRABM9s cytokine interaction rules, but also the existence of rules themselves. Capturing heterogeneity is accomplished by a fitness function that incorporates the sample value range ("error bars") of the clinical data. Results: The GA-enabled parameter space exploration resulted in a set of putative MRM parameterizations which closely (though not perfectly) match the cytokine time course data used to design the fitness function. The number of non-zero elements in the MRM increases significantly as the model parameterizations evolve towards a fitness function minimum, transitioning from a sparse to a dense matrix. This results in a model structure that more closely resembles (at a superficial level) the structure of data generated by a standard differential gene expression experimental study, in that there are a small number of powerful causative correlations and a much larger number of weaker/less significant (individually) connections. Conclusion: We present an HPC-enabled evolutionary computing approach that utilizes a GA to calibrate a complex ABM to clinical data while preserving biological heterogeneity. The integration of machine learning/evolutionary computing, HPC and multi-scale mechanistic modeling provides a pathway forward to more effectively represent the heterogeneity of clinical populations and their data.
Nitinol Memory Rods Versus Titanium Rods: A Biomechanical Comparison of Posterior Spinal Instrumentation in a Synthetic Corpectomy Model.

Study Design:Biomechanical investigation.Objective:To compare the biomechanical performance of nitinol memory metal rods and titanium rods when used as posterior spinal instrumentation in a synthet...
A low-cost, in silico nutritional genomics course-based undergraduate research experience applicable to multiple disciplines.

This article describes the development and assessment of a Nutritional Genomics course, designed to be held in a regular classroom during normal class periods, with few extra costs to the students or the department. The course was run as an upper-level undergraduate and lower-level graduate student course. Student taking the course spent 11 weeks learning and then 4 weeks using various in silico methods to independently characterize genes of interest in the field. During the last 4 weeks of the course, students combined their methods to test a hypothesis they generated about a gene they have not yet studied and completed a final report in the form of a journal article. Two students have published or are in the process of publishing work from their final project. Validated surveys of genetic knowledge given at least 6 months following the course indicated a very high level of genetic knowledge retainment, and favorable attitudes toward genetics testing and medical use of genetics. Finally, self-perceived critical thinking skills were high, and students indicated that they perceived these skills to be gained by their participation in the course. Materials and syllabus provided in the manuscript makes this CURE easily transferrable to other disciplines.
Consistency of thermodynamic properties from CHEMCAD process simulations

Abstract Accurate calculations of properties such as enthalpy, entropy, and fugacity are crucial for chemical process design. These properties are calculated from equations of state in commonly used process design software such as CHEMCAD [1] , and software-based calculations of properties have been routine for decades. It is important to be able to rely on the accuracy of these calculations. Furthermore, students of thermodynamics and process engineers must be able to easily reproduce the calculations from the process simulator. In this study, we attempted to validate the compressibility factors, enthalpy, entropy, and fugacity coefficients from CHEMCAD by comparing the results of the process simulator to results from a published solution algorithm [2] . Our results show good consistency for most molecules. However, we observe large deviations for nitric oxide, water and hydrogen, and somewhat smaller deviation for a few other molecules. This report presents a detailed comparison of the thermodynamic properties of 48 molecules at two different states to demonstrate that our calculation is correct and that the deviations for hydrogen and water are real.
Design and Optimization of Magnetic-core Solenoid Inductor for Multi-phase Buck Converter

Due to heterogeneous integration, there is an increased demand for on-chip voltage regulators to provide many voltage domains for efficient operation of the system. Towards this, planar magnetic-core based inductors gained popularity due to their increased inductance density for on-chip buck converter realization. To ensure proper operation of the converter, the magnetic-core should not saturate, and over-design of the inductor decreases the efficiency of the converter significantly. Also, the magnetic-core area budget allocated to the converter implementation will be limited. This paper details the design and analysis of magnetic-core solenoid inductor based multi-phase buck converter. Also, an optimization framework to design an efficient multi-phase buck converter for the given specifications with the magnetic-core solenoid inductor is proposed. Full-wave simulations on commercial tool show that the multi-phase buck converter designed with our optimization framework achieves 92.8% efficiency and 0.5mV voltage ripple for the load current of 500 mA with the solenoid inductor is implemented with 0.397 mm2 magnetic-core area for the given specifications.
Regenerative Limb Salvage: A Novel Technique for Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Pediatric Extremities

Background In complex extremity wounds, free flap-based limb salvage (fLS) is the standard of care. However, fLS is resource- and cost-intensive, and the limited availability of pediatric microsurgical expertise exacerbates these challenges. Regenerative LS (rLS) addresses these barriers to care. The aim of this study was to quantify the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of rLS in complex pediatric extremity wounds. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric LS at a single hospital. Subjects were treated with fLS or rLS based on surgeon preference. Primary outcome measures were: definitive wound closure rates and time, rates of return to ambulation, number and length of procedures to achieve definitive closure, and rates of perioperative complications. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing the Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test with statistical significance set at p Results Over a 2-year period, nine consecutive patients presented with complex extremity wounds requiring fLS (n = 4) or rLS (n = 5). Demographics and wound characteristics were similar between groups. Compared with fLS, the rLS group achieved definitive wound closure 85.8% more quickly (13.8 vs. 97.5 days, p Conclusion These data indicate that rLS is a safe and efficacious option in pediatric patients requiring soft tissue reconstruction for LS. Use of this novel technique can restore the reconstructive ladder, thereby expand patient access to pediatric LS while minimizing morbidity and reducing LS-related resource utilization.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Safety of Perioperative Subcutaneous Heparin During Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Surgery.

Abstract Objective To identify the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors, postoperative VTE, and to assess the morbidity of perioperative pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in men undergoing inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 215 patients undergoing IPP surgery between July 2017 and June 2019. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyzes were performed to assess pre-operative Caprini risk score and compare post-operative day 0 scrotal drain output, scrotal hematoma formation, and VTE in men who received subcutaneous heparin (SqH) vs those who did not receive SqH. Results Of 215 IPP patients, 84% were classified as high or highest risk for VTE utilizing the Caprini risk score. A total of 119 (55%) received perioperative SqH with or without additional anti-thrombotics. Post-operative day 0 scrotal drain output was higher in those who received SqH compared to those who did not receive SqH, 99.9 mL vs 75.6 mL, respectively (P = .001). Minor scrotal hematomas occurred in similar rates in patients who received perioperative SqH vs those who did not, 3.8% vs 6.3%, respectively (P = .38). Similar results were found on subgroup analysis when eliminating patients who received SqH concurrently with other anti-thrombotics. The overall rate of postoperative VTE was 0.9%. No post-operative infections occurred. Conclusion Patients undergoing IPP surgery are at elevated risk for VTE. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing SqH use in the perioperative IPP surgery setting is safe when used in conjunction with a scrotal drain. Preoperative VTE risk stratification may be performed and can be used to guide clinical decision making regarding pharmacologic prophylaxis.
Assessing the Benefits of College Internships at a Hispanic Serving Institution

Few studies have investigated the usefulness of internships at Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) where internships can have major financial and time-related costs. Focusing on a 4-year public HSI...
Recognizing Resilience: Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

This study explores self-reported impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on several facets of IPV survivor well-being, such as mental health, economic stability, food security, and resilience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with survivors of IPV. Qualitative data were collected on variables related to mental health, economic stability, food security, and resilience. The findings of this study suggest that while survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face a variety of challenges posed by COVID-19 (e.g., employment, income, etc.), they identify themselves as resilient. Our findings also show that while survivors of have faced setbacks due to COVID-19, variables such as mental health and well-being have improved. Our findings suggest that while the pandemic has certainly impacted survivors, and included setbacks or delays, survivors have seen improvements in several areas. Our data suggest that these improvements, in the face of difficulties, is because of the overwhelming resilience of survivors.
Post-Emergence Movements and Overwintering of Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina , Hatchlings in New York and New Hampshire

Hatchling Common Snapping Turtles ( Chelydra serpentina ) were captured within, or as they emerged from, their nest cavities in Long Island, New York, and in southeastern New Hampshire. They were fitted with radiotransmitters and released at their nest sites. Their movements were monitored for as long as possible, which for some included tracking them to their overwintering sites and relocating them the following spring. On Long Island, all hatchlings initially moved to water. Later movements were both aquatic and terrestrial, and those that could be located while overwintering had left the water and hibernated in spring seeps, where they were recovered alive the following April. In New Hampshire, hatchlings moved directly to nearby aquatic habitats after emergence, where they spent the winter submerged in shallow water in root masses near banks.
The Role of Mentoring in the Development of IS Professionals

Information Systems professionals require varying degrees of technical and behavioral skills as they progress up their career paths. Research indicates that strong technical skills and nominal behavioral skills are expected in the early phases of the IS professional’s career. In the later stages, the need for some aspects of technical knowledge is less, while the demand for behavioral skills increases. The need for technical skills in the early phases results in organizations recruiting technically oriented employees. While the weaknesses in such skills may be tolerable in the early phases of a career, they are less acceptable in the later phases. Behavioral skills are generally acquired through social processes, such as mentoring. Curiously, scant attention has been paid to mentoring in the IS literature. Our overall program of research is aimed at addressing this gap. As a first-step in this research-in-progress, we offer propositions related to mentoring of IS professionals.
What is the risk of infecting a cerebrospinal fluid-diverting shunt with percutaneous tapping?

Object Most CSF-diverting shunt systems have an access port that can be percutaneously tapped. Tapping the shunt can yield valuable information as to its function and whether an infection is present. The fear of causing a shunt infection by tapping may limit the physician's willingness to do so. The authors of this study investigate the risk of infecting a shunt secondary to percutaneous tapping. Methods Following institutional review board approval, CSF specimens obtained from tapping an indwelling CSF-diverting shunt during the 2011 and 2012 calendar years were identified and matched with clinical information. A culture-positive CSF sample was defined as an infection. If results were equivocal, such as a broth-only–positive culture, a repeat CSF specimen was examined. The CSF was obtained by tapping the shunt access port with a 25-gauge butterfly needle after prepping the unshaven skin with chlorhexidine. Results During the study period, 266 children underwent 542 shunt taps. With 541 taps, no clinical ...
High-Efficiency NOx and PM Exhaust Emission Control for Heavy-Duty On-Highway Diesel Engines

A diesel exhaust emission control system consisting of catalyzed diesel particulate filters and NOx adsorber catalysts arranged in a dual-path configuration was developed and evaluated using a 1999-specification 5.9 liter medium-heavy-duty diesel engine. NOx adsorber regeneration was accomplished via a secondary exhaust fuel injection system. An alternating restriction of the exhaust flow between the two flow paths allowed injection and adsorber regeneration to occur under very low space velocity conditions. NOx and PM reductions in excess of 90% were observed over a broad range of steady-state operating conditions and over the hot-start HDDE-FTP transient cycle.
Identification and characterization of the mammalian association and actin-nucleating domains in the Rickettsia conorii autotransporter protein, Sca2.

Summary Establishment of infection by spotted fever group rickettsial species is dependent on the ability of these bacteria to adhere to and invade the host endothelium. Recent studies have attributed these processes to a handful of rickettsial surface proteins from the surface cell antigen (sca) family of autotransporters. A rickettsial autotransporter from Rickettsia conorii, Sca2, has been shown to be sufficient to mediate both adherence and invasion of human endothelial cells and to participate in intracellular actin-based motility. Here we identify a region of Sca2 capable of interacting with the mammalian cell surface and show that this function of Sca2 is independent and separable from its actin nucleation activity. Furthermore, pre-incubation of mammalian cells with the Sca2 mammalian association region prior to R. conorii infection can competitively inhibit rickettsial invasion, suggesting that Sca2 plays an important role in the initial interaction with mammalian cells. Together, our results demonstrate that the Sca2 autotransporter protein in R. conorii contains distinct functional domains that likely are involved in mediating cellular interactions at the plasma membrane and the host cytosol.
Shuffling the Sjuzhet in Marc Saporta's Composition No. 1

Marc Saporta's Composition No. 1 is an unbound novel that can be read in any order. This essay explores how the novel's indeterminate nature affects the sjuzhet and fabula. It finds that the fabula works in an essentially normal way, but priority is shifted from the reader-determined sjuzhet to the (perceived) author-determined fabula, which shows that readers privilege the author's intention over their own activity and order.
Introduction to “Effects of high pressure in liquid chromatography” by M. Martin, G. Guiochon [J. Chromatogr. A 1090 (2005) 16–38]

While Georges Guiochon published many papers during his distiguished career, one is selected which I feel represents his best work. The “Effects of High Pressure in Liquid Chromatography” prepared with Michel Martin is a paper that all those interested in liquid chromatography should read.
Memoirs: The Formation of Archenteric and Segmentation Cavities of the Eggs of the Engystomatid Frogs

1. In the three genera (Cacopus, Microhyla, and Callula) of Engystomatid frogs dealt with in this paper the enteron arises firstly as a fusion of the dorsal and ventral archenteric slits. In this regard these frogs differ from Rana and Bufo, in which the archenteron is formed solely from the enlargement of the dorsal slit. This primary complex mesenteron fuses with the segmentation cavity anteriorly and with a secondary blastocoel posteriorly. 2. The blastoporal ring develops dorsal and ventral lips at about the same time in the Engystomatid frogs. There are two distinct gastrular mouths leading into two separate slits whose enveloping movements to form the mesenteron are outwardly indicated by the convergence of the limbs of the two lips. 3. The formation of the second blastocoelic chamber in the Engystomatid eggs is due to their need for increased provision of mechanical and metabolic devices for the phenomenal speeding up of developmental modifications. This is a purely secondary variation.
Topological phases with generalized global symmetries

We present simple lattice realizations of symmetry-protected topological phases with q-form global symmetries where charged excitations have q spatial dimensions. Specifically, we construct d space-dimensional models supported on a (d+1)-colorable graph by using a family of unitary phase gates, known as multiqubit control-Z gates in quantum information community. In our construction, charged excitations of different dimensionality may coexist and form a short-range entangled state which is protected by symmetry operators of different dimensionality. Nontriviality of proposed models, in a sense of quantum circuit complexity, is confirmed by studying protected boundary modes, gauged models, and corresponding gapped domain walls. We also comment on applications of our construction to quantum error-correcting codes, and discuss corresponding fault-tolerant logical gates.
THE SUBJECTIVE VALUE OF THE TIME SPENT IN TRAVEL

Abstract Value of the time spent in travel is a surrogate measure of the comfort, convenience, and reliability of the travel experience as a function of travel model, purpose, and time period and the environmental conditions affecting the trip. Value of time spent in travel is consequently an important element in spatial interaction and transportation analysis. Subjective value of the time spent in travel was measured using a psychological scaling technique, magnitude estimation. Data were obtained from 84 Chicago residents. Completion of the questionaire required each participant to provide judgements of the relative value on 115 different trips in comparison to one standard trip (e.g. a 20 min work trip by automobile). Information gained in this way illustrates the variability that can occur in values of time due to various trip characteristics.
Trademark Strategies Online: Implications for Intellectual Property Protection

Abstract The growth and increasingly mainstream appeal of various aspects of the Internet could have a lasting effect on a firm’s marketing mix. The authors address one of the external environmental factors that marketing and brand managers, as well as public policymakers, should continually monitor as the online community further develops: trademark law. As managers attempt to leverage the value of the trademarked brand, the authors examine the impact of the current state of technology and the law to understand the reach of current legal interpretations and the implications for present and future trademark strategy online.
Purification of human fibrinopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography☆

A simple two-step procedure for obtaining highly purifed human fibrinopeptides is described. This technique utilizes batch adsorption to a C18 silica-coated matrix packed in a disposable cartridge. This step serves both to concentrate and desalt fibrinopeptides released into the supernatant during the clotting of human fibrinogen. These peptides can be eluted from the cartridge in high yield with 50% acetonitrile and further purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a μBondapak C18 column. Preparations of highly purified peptides have been obtained in yields greater than 80%. During the course of these studies, it became apparent that proteolytic degradation of fibrinopeptide B to des-Arg-FPB (Bβ1–13) can substantially reduce the yields of fibrinopeptide B. Steps to prevebt this reaction from occurring and a techbique to isolate this degradation product are described.
Voltage control devices on the IEEE 8500 node test feeder

The IEEE Test Cases provide researchers with distribution system models that can be used to validate new analytic methods. The newest of these models is the 8500-node test feeder which contains multiple devices for voltage control. In addition to a substation regulator there are multiple inline regulators as well as capacitor banks. This paper will discuss the detail in which voltage control devises should be modeled when examining large distribution systems. This discussion will include issues associated with power flow analysis for a single time step as well as for time series analysis.
Synthesis of allopumiliotoxin A alkaloids via iminium ion-vinylsilane cyclizations

Abstract The title reaction can be employed to assemble the allopumiliotoxin A alkaloid skeleton with either stereochemistry of the C-7 allylic hydroxyl groxyl group.
BMP4 is required in the anterior heart field and its derivatives for endocardial cushion remodeling, outflow tract septation, and semilunar valve development

The endocardial cushions play a critical role in septation of the four-chambered mammalian heart and in the formation of the valve leaflets that control blood flow through the heart. Within the outflow tract (OFT), both cardiac neural crest and endocardial-derived mesenchymal cells contribute to the endocardial cushions. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is required for endocardial cushion development and for normal septation of the OFT. In the present study, we show that anterior heart field (AHF)-derived myocardium is an essential source of BMP4 required for normal endocardial cushion expansion and remodeling. Loss of BMP4 from the AHF in mice results in an insufficient number of cells in the developing OFT endocardial cushions, defective cushion remodeling, ventricular septal defects, persistent truncus arteriosus, and abnormal semilunar valve formation.
Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations of n =2 triplet states of heliumlike ions

Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the relativistic no-pair Hamiltonian are determined for n=2 triplet states of heliumlike ions with charges in the range Z=5--100. The eigenfunctions are expanded in a basis of two-electron wave functions constructed from Dirac-Coulomb orbitals restricted to a finite cavity. The Hamiltonian matrix is evaluated and Davidson's method is then used to determine the lowest few eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. These calculations, which include the Coulomb interaction and the retarded Breit interaction, are corrected for QED and mass-polarization effects using values from Drake's unified method and are compared with other calculations and with experiment. For low-Z ions, the present calculations agree well with many-body perturbation theory and with the unified method, but disagree substantially with multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations corrected for correlations. At Z=36, our term energies are lower than the unified method by \ensuremath{\lambda}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}^{4}$${\mathit{Z}}^{4}$ a.u., where \ensuremath{\lambda}=0.033, 0.51, 0.16, and 0.003 for the 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$, 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$, 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$, and 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{2}$ states, respectively. For Z=47 and 64, the present values of the 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0--}$2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ fine structure agree better with MCDF predictions than with the unified method. The energy intervals 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$-2 $^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$, 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$-2 $^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$, 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{2}$-2 $^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$, and 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$-2 $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ are consistent with experiment throughout the entire range of Z.
Education for a new millennium: an innovative program in fibers and films

The composites of tomorrow will need to be developed in advanced engineering environments. This transformation to computer-based materials design requires a transformation of traditional engineering education programs. Students need training in systems design, simulation and visualization technologies, teamwork, and communication to function effectively in distributed, diverse, collaborative work environments. The programs being coordinated and implemented by CAEFF are designed to meet these challenges and constitute a paradigm shift in engineering education.
Pentagons and cycle coverings

Let G be a graph of order n ≥ 5k + 2, where k is a positive integer. Suppose that the minimum degree of G is at least ⌈(n + k)-2⌉. We show that G contains k pentagons and a path such that they are vertex-disjoint and cover all the vertices of G. Moreover, if n ≥ 5k + 7, then G contains k + 1 vertex-disjoint cycles covering all the vertices of G such that k of them are pentagons. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 54: 194–208, 2007
Reference services and collection development faculty outreach through the campus network

Abstract Effective reference services and collection development in a small academic library depend upon collaborative planning and performance by the entire library staff. Coordination of library activities and understanding of the library and college mission are the foundations of a program responsive to the needs of the college community. Partnerships between the library and classroom faculty ensure that curricular needs are satisfied through activities as diverse as bibliographic instruction and materials acquisition. Traditional interactions have been greatly enhanced through rapid advances in telecommunications, offering librarians additional tools for faculty outreach.
Premature Polyadenylation at Multiple Sites within a Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Gene-Coding Region

Some foreign genes introduced into plants are poorly expressed, even when transcription is controlled by a strong promoter. Perhaps the best examples of this problem are the cry genes of Bacillus thuringiensis ( B.t. ), which encode the insecticidal proteins commonly referred to as B.t. toxins. As a step toward overcoming such problems most effectively, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms limiting the expression of a typical B.t.- toxin gene, cryIA(c) , which accumulates very little mRNA in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) cells. Most cell lines transformed with the cryIA(c) B.t.- toxin gene accumulate short, polyadenylated transcripts. The abundance of these transcripts can be increased by treating the cells with cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor that can stabilize many unstable transcripts. Using a series of hybridizations, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions, and RNase-H-digestion experiments, poly(A + ) addition sites were identified in the B.t.- toxin-coding region corresponding to the short transcripts. A fourth polyadenylation site was identified using a chimeric gene. These results demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that premature polyadenylation can limit the expression of a foreign gene in plants. Moreover, this work emphasizes that further study of the fundamental principles governing polyadenylation in plants will have basic as well as applied significance.
Implementing the simplex method for the optimization subroutine library

In this paper we describe the simplex algorithm and briefly discuss the interaction of the detailed implementation of the algorithm with the changes in computer hardware over the last 30 years. Then we give one example of the design changes needed to implement the method efficiently for the IBM 3090™ vector architecture. For the later RISC System/6000™ implementation, it was necessary to rethink this yet again. Finally we discuss the issue of robustness and the steps that were taken to give maximum reliability in the simplex algorithm in the IBM Optimization Subroutine Library.
The effect of debt capacity on the long-term stock returns of debt-free firms

This article examines the long-term stock market performance of debt-free firms with high and low levels of debt capacity to see whether they are different. We use Fama and French’s (1993) three-factor and Carhart’s (1997) four-factor models to examine the subsequent 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-year stock returns of firms that stayed debt free for 3- and 5-year periods. We measure debt capacity as the expected asset liquidation value of a firm, which is proxied by the firm-level tangibility measure defined by Berger, Ofek, and Swary (1996). We find that regardless of the level of debt capacity, zero-debt firms generate positive abnormal returns in the long run after controlling for key risk factors. We also find support for the notion that preserving debt capacity in the form of higher tangibility reinforces the positive abnormal returns over and above the effect of a zero-leverage policy.
Electrostatic noise at the plasma frequency beyond the earth's bow shock

Scarf et al. (1971) and Dunckel (1974) have shown that there are, very frequently, intense electrostatic waves whose frequency is near the plasma frequency upstream of the earth's bow shock and that these waves are correlated with the presence of energetic electrons from the bow shock. Also, Fredericks et al. (1971) have postulated a two-stream instability. The paper investigates these phenomena further, by comparing electrostatic noise at or near the ambient solar wind plasma frequency with times when the interplanetary magnetic field probably connects to the shock. Evidence is presented that Scarf et al. and Fredericks et al. were correct in their explanation of the phenomenon, and that the double-humped distribution would be expected only in a region too small to be resolved by the plasma measurements made so far.
Syntax and Semantics of Questions

This paper presents a novel account of the syntax and semantics of questions, making use of the framework for linguistic description developed by Richard Montague (1974). Certain features of the proposal are based on work by N. Belnap (1963), L. Aqvist (1965), C. L. Baker (1968, 1970), S. Kuno and J. Robinson (1972), C. L. Hamblin (1973), E. Keenan and R. Hull (1973), J. Hintikka (1974), Lewis (1975), and D. Wunderlich (1975), but it differs from all of its predecessors in one way or another. I will start with a number of observations which provide the basis for the treatment of questions presented in the second part of the paper and conclude with a summary and a brief discussion of how the proposed description compares with recent transformational analyses.
High pressure catalytic processes studied by infrared-visible sum frequency generation

The recent development of infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG), a surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy, has helped bridge the pressure gap between studies of heterogeneous catalysis under high vacuum and atmospheric pressure. This is achieved by in situ monitoring of surface species at high pressure via their SFG vibrational spectra and correlating the results with the simultaneously measured reaction rate using gas chromatography. Examples of systems studied include olefin hydrogenation and carbon monoxide oxidation over the (111) crystalline face of platinum. In these examples, the studies succeed in revealing the molecular details of the surface reactions. Identification of key intermediates and their concentrations has made it possible for the first time to calculate turn over rates per active surface species rather than just per exposed surface metal atom. In all cases, the key intermediate of the reaction is not detectable on the surface in UHV under similar temperatures.
Synthesis and utilization of 13C(8)-enriched purines

Abstract A new and more efficient method is presented for the synthesis of 13C(8)-enriched adenine. In addition, we present for the first time the synthesis of 13C(8)-enriched 2-aminopurine and purine. All three analogues have been converted to the corresponding ribonucleosides. The adenine analogue has been further converted to the 2′-deoxy-nucleoside and incorporated into a synthetic oligonucleotide. Data is presented demonstrating the utility of 13C-enrichment in heteronuclear isotope-edited NMR spectra.
Study of damping effect of grass-like crops

The objective of this study was to quantify the dynamic response of the living grass-like crops structure under free and forced vibration. The living grass-like crops may become the key component in a new technology which extract and make use of unwanted energy associated with structural vibration. The proposed procedure is firstly illustrated with a simulated example of the simple pendulum configuration with the tray holding the grass. Output of the vibrating grass is measured through frequency analyzer (FFT Analyzer). The relative decay of the amplitude of vibration is used to measure the damping effect of grass. Secondly, forced vibration effect is studied by designing the slider crank mechanism over a frequency range from 0.7 to 1.7Hz. Resonant effect is studied. The difference in the acceleration, velocity, and displacement between the vibration tray loaded with the crop and the tray without the crop for the same power input will measure the vibration suppression capabilities of grass-like crops. The result of the experiments quantifies this damping effect and extrapolates the data to estimate the effects of a crop-based life support system on a spacecraft.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Pseudomonas aeruginosa dihydroorotases: a tale of three pyrCs

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was shown to contain three pyrC sequences. Two of these genes, designated pyrC (PA3527) and pyrC2 (PA5541), encode polypeptides with dihydroorotase (DHOase) activity, while the third, pyrC′ (PA0401), encodes a DHOase-like polypeptide that lacks DHOase activity, but is necessary for the structure and function of ATCase. Both pyrC and pyrC2 were cloned and complemented an Escherichia coli pyrC mutant. In addition, pyrC and pyrC2 were individually inactivated in P. aeruginosa by homologous exchange with a mutated allele of each. The resulting mutant strains were prototrophic. A pyrC, pyrC2 double mutant was also constructed, and this strain had an absolute requirement for pyrimidines. The transcriptional activity of pyrC and pyrC2 was measured using lacZ promoter fusions. While pyrC was found to be constitutively expressed, pyrC2 was expressed only in the pyrC mutant background. An in vitro transcriptional/translational system was used to estimate the size of the pyrC2 gene product. The expressed polypeptide was approximately 47 kDa, which is in keeping with the theoretical molecular mass of 48 kDa, making it the largest prokaryotic DHOase polypeptide identified to date. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a true DHOase mutant in P. aeruginosa and also the first confirmation that pyrC2 encodes a polypeptide with DHOase activity.
Reefs, Platforms, and Basins of Middle Cretaceous in Northeast Mexico

The late Mesozoic depositional cycle in eastern Mexico began with redbed deposition in the Jurassic, included deep- and shallow-water marine carbonates (Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous), and concluded with terrigenous detritus from the deformation of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Eocene). Rudist-fringed, shallow-water carbonate platforms attained their maximum areal extent and facies contrast with the surrounding carbonate basins in the Albian-Cenomanian. The resultant lithofacies are (1) a suite of platform carbonates; (2) dark, cherty, pelagic, basinal limestones; and (3) basin-margin carbonates consisting of platform-derived breccias and bioclastic rocks interlayered with pelagic limestones. Scale and relief of the Mexican platforms compare with those of the Capitan reef and the Bahama Banks. Steep-sided, high-relief platforms provide optimum conditions for basin-margin debris accumulations, but the necessary and sufficient combination of conditions for debris accumulation and for platform development is unsolved.
Interpage and interpixel cross talk in orthogonal (wavelength multiplexed) holograms.

The problem of cross talk in image-bearing wavelength-multiplexed holograms was raised recently [A. Yariv, in Digest of Conference on Nonlinear Optics (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1992), postdeadline paper E-2]. In the limit of a large aperture (lens, crystal) it is shown that the cross talk is independent of the information content. The reduction of the hologram volume is shown to introduce interpixel as well as interpage cross talk.
A Model for Predicting Nephrotoxicity in Patients Treated with Aminoglycosides

We have previously identified risk factors for nephrotoxicity in 204 patients receiving aminoglycosides. We added data on an additional 134 patients from the University of Chicago who were treated for longer periods (13.1 +/- 9.4 days) to determine if duration of therapy was also a risk factor. In the combined populations, nephrotoxicity developed in 59 (17.5%) of 338 patients, and duration of therapy was the factor most strongly associated with nephrotoxicity (P less than .0001). A new predictive model was developed that was then tested prospectively on 175 consecutive medical and surgical patients who had plasma levels of aminoglycoside measured. The new model accurately identified 14 of 15 patients with nephrotoxicity (sensitivity = 93%) and 106 of 160 without nephrotoxicity (specificity = 66%). A bedside scoring system accurately identified high-risk and low-risk patients. We believe these data add to the understanding of the clinical correlates of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and aid in the identification of high-risk patients.
Prevalence of infiltrate on chest radiography in febrile children aged three to 36 months. 352

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of an infiltrate on chest radiograph in children between the ages of three and 36 months presenting to the Emergency Department with fever of 103F (39.4C) or greater. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at an academic ED that treats 16,000 pediatric patients per year. Consecutive enrollment of subjects meeting entry criteria was performed by the principal investigator, during all days of the week, when the principal investigator was present. Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were aged 90 days to 36 months, had a rectal temperature of 103F or greater, were immunocompetent, had not received antibiotic therapy prior to evaluation, and did not have otitis media or pneumonia on physical examination. Patients were evaluated by physical examination, rectal temperature, complete blood count, blood culture, catheter-obtained urine analysis and culture, pulse oximetry, and chest radiography. All chest radiographs were interpreted by the attending emergency physician and by an attending pediatric radiologist.Results: Over a 14 month period, 93 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 13.9 months (SD = 8.4, range = 3 to 36 months). The mean temperature was 104.1F (range 103F to 106.2F). Two chest radiographs were read as positive for infiltrate by the pediatric radiologist (2.15%, 95% C I= 0.3 to 7.6). The emergency medicine attending read three radiographs as positive for infiltrate (3.23%, 95% CI= 0.7 to 9.1). The emergency medicine attending considered one radiograph positive that was read as negative by the pediatric radiologist. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal chest radiographs in patients from 90 days to 36 months of age with fever of 103F or greater and no pneumonia on physical exam is low, approximately 2% to 3%. Further study is underway to evaluate signs and symptoms which may predict which patients will have an abnormal chest radiograph.
In situ and ex situ Moessbauer spectroscopy studies of iron phthalocyanine adsorbed on high surface area carbon

The physical state of monomeric iron phthalocyanine adsorbed on high surface area carbons has been investigated by using ex situ and in situ Moessbauer spectroscopy. Ex situ measurements have indicated that at relatively high loadings (>15%) the spectrum is characterized by two doublets (delta/sub 1/ 0.39 +- 0.01 mm/s (vs ..cap alpha..-Fe), ..delta../sub 1/ 2.60 +- 0.01 mm/s; delta/sub 2/ 0.35 +- 0.02 mm/s (vs ..cap alpha..-Fe), ..delta../sub 2/ 0.95 +- 0.06 mm/s/sup -1/). The parameters corresponding to doublet 1 compare favorably with bulk FePc probably present in the form of small crystallites dispersed in the support matrix. At low loadings (approx. 3.5%) only doublet 2 attributed to FePc chemically bound to the carbon surface was observed. The relative fraction of these two iron species has also been shown to be sensitive to the specific method of preparation of the sample. In situ Moessbauer experiments have indicated that the quadrupole splitting decreases about 15 to 20% upon immersion of the electrode in an alkaline solution, corroborating earlier results obtained by this group. Further evidence concerning the formation of an octahedral complex with OH/sup -/ bound in an axial position was obtained by in situ measurements at pH 0. In thismore » case the magnitude of the quadrupole splitting was larger than that obtained in basic solution. Conventional oxygen reduction polarization curves with fuel cell type electrodes prepared from Moessbauer-characterized 15% w/w FePc on SC-72 carbon (Cabot Corp.) have indicated that the crystalline material plays an important role in the overall electrocatalytic process. A thorough discussion of these results as well as a critical review of earlier work have been included.« less