cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Let it flow: Economy, spirituality and gender in the Sindhi network

The concept of diaspora is applied to all kinds of groups characterized spatially by its links between locality and a ‘homeland’. In this article I will argue that the analytical value of the concept of diaspora could be strengthened by focusing on the third spatial relationship characteristic to diasporas but often neglected: the lateral relationship of individual communities. This essay deals with all three spatial connections and focuses on how diasporic groups can be approached anthropologically. It argues that despite recent claims to pursue a more and more mobile research methodology, in practice these claims often cannot be carried out due to various circumstances that prevent the researcher from being mobile himself. Using my field-research on the Sindhis of Gibraltar, it points out two possible approaches of how stationary anthropological field research still can be carried out in diasporic situations. It shows how relevant space relations both to the diaspora as a whole as well as to India as th...
Cardiovascular emergencies: pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.

On completion of this CE, the participant will be able to 1. Describe two cardiovascular emergencies for patients with cancer. 2. Describe medical management of the cardiovascular emergencies. 3. Discuss nurses’ role in the care of patients with cardiovascular emergencies. Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening emergency that occurs when excessive fluid in the pericardial space, called a pericardial effusion, creates increased pressure in the pericardial sac that compromises the heart’s ability to fill and pump. Consequently, cardiac output decreases and systemic perfusion is impaired (Dietz & Flaherty, 1993; Hunter, 1998). The distinction between pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade is important. Pericardial effusion is an anatomic diagnosis of abnormal pericardial fluid accumulation that has no hemodynamic consequences, whereas cardiac tamponade is a physiologic diagnosis of varying amounts of pericardial fluid that causes increased pressure and resultant hemodynamic consequences (Harken, Hammond, & Edmunds, 1997).
An improved Venus cloud model

An inhomogeneous cloud model for Venus is presented in which a (transparent) sulfuric acid aerosol extends above the tropopause, but an (absorbing) sulfur aerosol consisting of much larger particles does not. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum of sulfur, combined with the lapse rate in the planet's atmosphere, can explain the color of Venus. A simple 'black-white' radiative-transfer model is developed, the spectral reflectance of the cloud model is computed for the 60-km level in Marov's (1972) model atmosphere, and strong evidence is obtained that sulfur is the UV absorber on Venus. The wavelength variation of contrast in UV cloud features is analyzed, and absorption is found to increase with depth at every wavelength due to the inward increase in temperature. The black-white model is applied to CO2 absorption, variations in CO2 and UV absorption with phase angle are compared, and line profiles are calculated for pressure-broadened CO2 lines. The theoretical results are compared with Venera 9 and 10 data.
Issues of epitaxial growth and transport for room temperature cw blue/green laser diodes

The growth of ZnMgSSe is a key component of long-lived II-VI laser diodes, however there are structural and electrical problems associated the compound that must be resolved. Precise lattice matching requires accurate growth temperature control due to the dependance of the sulfur sticking coefficient on the growth temperature. Electrically, p-type doping of ZnMgSSe is complicated by an apparent increase in the activation energy caused by a mechanism very much like that of the DX center in n-type III-V alloys. These factors must be addressed for II-VI light emitting devices in deep blue part of the spectrum.
Role of the general dentist in maxillofacial prosthetics

Care of oral cancer patients requires the opinions and coordinated efforts of various consultants or therapists functioning as a multidisciplinary team to treat individual patients' physical, social, and economic problems. The modern medical concept of total treatment of the patient must include dentistry. Every dentist with interest and training in the basic principles of maxillofacial prosthetics can offer invaluable assistance in the treatment of maxillofacial patients.
Identifying property based sequence motifs in protein families and superfamilies: application to DNase-1 related endonucleases.

MOTIVATION Identification of short conserved sequence motifs common to a protein family or superfamily can be more useful than overall sequence similarity in suggesting the function of novel gene products. Locating motifs still requires expert knowledge, as automated methods using stringent criteria may not differentiate subtle similarities from statistical noise. RESULTS We have developed a novel automatic method, based on patterns of conservation of 237 physical-chemical properties of amino acids in aligned protein sequences, to find related motifs in proteins with little or no overall sequence similarity. As an application, our web-server MASIA identified 12 property-based motifs in the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) family of DNA-repair enzymes of the DNase-I superfamily. Searching with these motifs located distantly related representatives of the DNase-I superfamily, such as Inositol 5'-polyphosphate phosphatases in the ASTRAL40 database, using a Bayesian scoring function. Other proteins containing APE motifs had no overall sequence or structural similarity. However, all were phosphatases and/or had a metal ion binding active site. Thus our automated method can identify discrete elements in distantly related proteins that define local structure and aspects of function. We anticipate that our method will complement existing ones to functionally annotate novel protein sequences from genomic projects. AVAILABILITY MASIA WEB site: http://www.scsb.utmb.edu/masia/masia.html SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The dendrogram of 42 APE sequences used to derive motifs is available on http://www.scsb.utmb.edu/comp_biol.html/DNA_repair/publication.html
Aging and Work in the 21st Century by Kenneth S. Schultz and Gary A. Adams

Aging and Work in the 21st Century is a collection of chapters tackling the burgeoning issues of work and aging within the context of a rapidly aging society and forms one volume in the Series in A...
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Alemtuzumab as Single-Agent Treatment for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

On September 19, 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval and expanded labeling for alemtuzumab (Campath ® ; Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA) as single-agent treatment for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Alemtuzumab was initially approved in 2001 under accelerated approval regulations. Conversion to regular approvalwasbasedonasinglestudysubmittedtoverify clinical benefit. Efficacy and safety were demonstrated in an open-label, international, multicenter, randomized trial of 297 patients with previously untreated, Rai stageI–IVB-CLLexperiencingprogressionoftheirdisease. Patients were randomized to either alemtuzumab,
Robust Fault Models Where Undetectable Faults Imply Logic Redundancy

We define a robust fault model as a model where the existence of an undetectable fault implies the existence of logic redundancy. The stuck-at fault model is robust, but other fault models such as certain bridging and interconnect open fault models are not. A robust fault model provides a mechanism to synthesize circuits in which all the target faults are detectable and 100% fault coverage is achievable. This is important since it provides a direct link between test quality and the circuit synthesis. We discuss robust fault models for bridging faults and interconnect open faults, and their use as part of a test generation process for a non-robust fault model.
Turbo Decoding as Iterative Constrained Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detection

The turbo decoder was not originally introduced as a solution to an optimization problem, which has impeded attempts to explain its excellent performance. Here it is shown, that the turbo decoder is an iterative method seeking a solution to an intuitively pleasing constrained optimization problem. In particular, the turbo decoder seeks the maximum-likelihood sequence (MLS) under the false assumption that the input to the encoders are chosen independently of each other in the parallel case, or that the output of the outer encoder is chosen independently of the input to the inner encoder in the serial case. To control the error introduced by the false assumption, the optimizations are performed subject to a constraint on the probability that the independent messages happen to coincide. When the constraining probability equals one, the global maximum of the constrained optimization problem is the maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), allowing for a theoretical connection between turbo decoding and MLSD. It is then shown that the turbo decoder is a nonlinear block Gauss-Seidel iteration that aims to solve the optimization problem by zeroing the gradient of the Lagrangian with a Lagrange multiplier of -1. Some conditions for the convergence for the turbo decoder are then given by adapting the existing literature for Gauss-Seidel iterations
Probability-density function for waves propagating in a straight PEC rough-wall tunnel

The probability density function for wave propagating in a straight perfect electrical conductor (PEC) rough wall tunnel is deduced from the mathematical models of the random electromagnetic fields. The field propagating in caves or tunnels is a complex-valued Gaussian random processing by the Central Limit Theorem. The probability density function for single modal field amplitude in such structure is Ricean. Since both expected value and standard deviation of this field depend only on radial position, the probability density function, which gives what is the power distribution, is a radially dependent function. The radio channel places fundamental limitations on the performance of wireless communication systems in tunnels and caves. The transmission path between the transmitter and receiver can vary from a simple direct line of sight to one that is severely obstructed by rough walls and corners. Unlike wired channels that are stationary and predictable, radio channels can be extremely random and difficult to analyze. In fact, modeling the radio channel has historically been one of the more challenging parts of any radio system design; this is often done using statistical methods. In this contribution, we present the most important statistic property, the field probability density function, of wave propagating inmore » a straight PEC rough wall tunnel. This work only studies the simplest case--PEC boundary which is not the real world but the methods and conclusions developed herein are applicable to real world problems which the boundary is dielectric. The mechanisms behind electromagnetic wave propagation in caves or tunnels are diverse, but can generally be attributed to reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Because of the multiple reflections from rough walls, the electromagnetic waves travel along different paths of varying lengths. The interactions between these waves cause multipath fading at any location, and the strengths of the waves decrease as the distance between the transmitter and receiver increases.« less
Hormones and Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease (DED) is a very prevalent eye disorder, affecting 40 million people in the United States alone. The primary cause of DED is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) [1], which by itself is a disease entity. The meibomian gland is a large sebaceous gland located in the tarsal plate of the eye lids. It functions to synthesize and secrete lipids onto the ocular surface. These lipids make up the outer-most layer in the tear film and reduce tear evaporation. When the quantity or quality of the lipids is compromised such as occurs in MGD, tears evaporate more quickly, leading to increased DED, ocular surface discomfort, impaired vision and decreased quality of life.
Non destructive contactless precision measurement of flatness by moiré interferometry

This optical scan method presented in this paper is used for precision measurement defects in flatness or absolute forms in comparison with a reference component form, of optical or mechanical components, surfaces. The principle of the method is to project the image of the source grating to palpate optically surface to be inspected, after reflection; the image of the source grating is printed by the object topography and is then projected onto the plane of reference grating for generate moire fringe for defects detection. The optical device used allows a significant dimensional surface magnification of the surface inspected, which allows easy processing and reaches an exceptional precision of measurements. According to the measurement principle, the sensitivity for displacement measurement using moire technique depends on the spatial frequency grating, for increase the detection resolution. This measurement technique can be used advantageously to measure the deformations generated by the production process or constraints on functional parts and the influence of these variations on the function.
Global Mean Sea Level Change: Correction

An error was recently discovered in the computer software that processes data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration altimeter on the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite ([1][1]). The error caused a small measurement drift of less than 1 centimeter per year. Its effect is negligible for most
Increasing Accuracy in Image-Guided Robotic Surgery Through Tip Tracking and Model-Based Flexion Correction

Robot assistance can enhance minimally invasive image-guided surgery, but flexion of the thin surgical instrument shaft impairs accurate control by creating errors in the kinematic model. Two controller enhancements that can mitigate these errors are improved kinematic models that account for flexing and direct measurement of the instrument tip's position. This paper presents an experiment quantifying the benefits of these enhancements in an effort to inform development of an image-guided robot control system accurate in the presence of quasi-static instrument flexion. The study measured a controller's ability to guide a flexing instrument along user-commanded motions while preventing incursions into a forbidden region virtual fixture. Compared with the controller using neither enhancement, improved kinematics and reduced maximum incursion depth into the forbidden region by 28%, tip tracking by 67%, and both enhancements together by 83%.
Accuracy of 3D scanning technologies in a face scanning scenario

In this paper, we review several different 3D scanning devices. We present a method for empirical accuracy analysis, and apply it to several scanners providing an overview of their technologies. The scanners include both general purpose and face specific scanning devices. We focus on face scanning technique, although the technique should be applicable to other domains as well. The proposed method involves several different calibration faces of known shape and comparisons of their scans to investigate both absolute accuracy and repeatability.
Similarity templates for detection and recognition

This paper investigates applications of a new representation for images, the similarity template. A similarity template is a probabilistic representation of the similarity of pixels in an image patch. It has application to detection of a class of objects, because it is reasonably invariant to the color of a particular object. Further, it enables the decomposition of a class of objects into component parts over which robust statistics of color can be approximated. These regions can be used to create a factored color model that is useful for recognition. Detection results are shown on a system that learns to detect a class of objects (pedestrians) in static scenes based on examples of the object provided automatically by a tracking system. Applications of the factored color model to image indexing and anomaly detection are pursued on a database of images of pedestrians.
A model for target detection with over-the-horizon radar

The effects of including Faraday rotation and multipath on the probability of detecting low-flying, distant, fluctuating and nonfluctuating targets immersed in Rayleigh noise plus clutter are studied. The effect of ionospheric fluctuations is also considered. It is found that both multipath and Faraday rotation strongly influence the detection statistics, with the effect being greatest for linearly polarized targets and less marked for symmetric targets. >
Simulation of multi-scale heterogeneity of porous media and parameter sensitivity analysis

Because of the inherent multi-scale heterogeneity of porous media and the limitation of single-subject observed data, we propose to combine deterministic and stochastic techniques to simulate heterogeneity. We select a coastal plain sediment system as an example to demonstrate and verify this approach. Firstly, we apply transition probability matrix to determine and delineate the nonstationary unconformity, and combine hydro-stratigraphy analyses to establish the field/large-scale, deterministic stratigraphy model. Secondly, we apply fence diagrams and CPT data to infer the horizontal mean length of hydrofacies, and then build Markov chain models for each depositional system and simulate the local/intermediate-scale, stochastic hydrofacies model. Finally, we combine the stratigraphy and hydrofacies models to get a multi-scale heterogeneous model embedded with quantitative and qualitative observed data, with both deterministic and stochastic characteristics. In order to study the influence of uncertainty in model parameters on solute transport, we build multiple realizations of two types of heterogeneous model and use them to simulate groundwater flow and solute transport. The parameter sensitivity analysis shows the 1st and 2nd spatial moments of the contaminant plume increase with the lateral average length of hydrofacies.
(2RS,8aRS)-6-Oxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octa-hydro-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid.

The title racemate, C11H14O3, aggregates in the crystal structure as acid-to-ketone O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding catemers whose components are glide-related. The relative stereochemistry at the carboxyl group arises spontaneously during the synthesis. Two inter­molecular C—H⋯O=C close contacts were found, both involving the acid group.
0075 Protective environmental influences against suicidal ideation in youth

Statement of purpose Suicide was the leading cause of death among youth ages 10–18 in Utah during 2013, with the highest rate in over 10 years. While there has been much research done on risk factors related to suicide, protective factors are less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of positive school, community, peer, and family environments on suicidal ideation among adolescents in Utah. Methods/Approach Using logistic regression, we analysed data from 23,631 respondents to Utah’s 2013 Prevention Needs Assessment student health survey to examine the effects of prosocial school, peer, community, and family environments on reported suicidal ideation among 8 th , 10 th , and 12 th grade students. Initial analysis controlled for students’ sex, race/ethnicity, year in school, and socioeconomic status (using the highest level of education in the household as an indicator of SES), and a second analysis additionally controlled for depression. Results Regression controlling for demographic variables identified significant reductions in reported suicide ideation associated with all four environments. Controlling for demographic variables and depression, prosocial family environment was still associated with a significantly reduced risk of having seriously considered suicide in the past 12 months (OR=0.81, p Conclusions Positive environments in all categories were associated with reduced risk of suicidal ideation. A prosocial family environment was found to be associated with the greatest protective effect of the four environments under investigation, followed [in descending order of influence] by community, peer, and school environment. For students whose responses indicated depression, family and community environments still had a protective effect against suicide ideation. Significance and contribution to the field These findings have significant implications for suicide prevention efforts. While the school-based approach has been a common focus of programming, leading to an abundance of school-based suicide prevention programs, this analysis indicates that family- and community-based programs have potential to be more effective at addressing suicide risk, especially among youth with depression.
Synthesis of Ag nanobars in the presence of single-crystal seeds and a bromide compound, and their surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties.

This Article describes the synthesis of Ag nanobars with different aspect ratios using a seed-mediated method and evaluation of their use for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The formation of Ag nanobars was found to critically depend on the introduction of a bromide compound into the reaction system, with ionic salts being more effective than covalent molecules. We examined single-crystal seeds with both spherical and cubic shapes and found that Ag nanobars grown from spherical seeds had much higher aspect ratios than those grown from cubic seeds. The typical product of a synthesis contained nanocrystals with three different morphologies: nanocubes, nanobars with a square cross section, and nanobars with a rectangular cross section. Their formation can be attributed to the difference in growth rates along the three orthogonal directions. The SERS enhancement factor of the Ag nanobar was found to depend on its aspect ratio, its orientation relative to the laser polarization, and the wavelength of excitation.
AAE13 encodes a dual-localized malonyl-CoA synthetase that is crucial for mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis

Malonyl-CoA is a key intermediate in a number of metabolic processes associated with its role as a substrate in acylation and condensation reactions. These types of reactions occur in plastids, the cytosol and mitochondria, and although carboxylation of acetyl-CoA is the known mechanism for generating the distinct plastidial and cytosolic pools, the metabolic origin of the mitochondrial malonyl-CoA pool is still unclear. In this study we demonstrate that malonyl-CoA synthetase encoded by the Arabidopsis AAE13 (AT3G16170) gene is localized in both the cytosol and the mitochondria. These isoforms are translated from two types of transcripts, one that contains and one that does not contain a mitochondrial-targeting pre-sequence. Whereas the cytosolic AAE13 protein is not essential, due to the presence of a redundant malonyl-CoA generating system provided by a cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the mitochondrial AAE13 protein is essential for plant growth. Phenotypes of the aae13-1 mutant are transgenically reversed only if the mitochondrial pre-sequence is present in the ectopically expressed AAE13 proteins. The aae13-1 mutant exhibits typical metabolic phenotypes associated with a deficiency in the mitochondrial fatty acid synthase system, namely depleted lipoylation of the H subunit of the photorespiratory enzyme glycine decarboxylase, increased accumulation of glycine and glycolate and reduced levels of sucrose. Most of these metabolic alterations, and associated morphological changes, are reversed when the aae13-1 mutant is grown in a non-photorespiratory condition (i.e. a 1% CO2 atmosphere), demonstrating that they are a consequence of the deficiency in photorespiration due to the inability to generate lipoic acid from mitochondrially synthesized fatty acids.
The Entrance of Black Employees into Traditionally White Jobs

This article discusses the impact made by the entrance of black employees into traditionally white jobs. The struggle of equal job opportunities for blacks in the U.S. has receded from public atten...
Experimental Rotordynamic Coefficient Results for a Load-on-Pad Flexible-Pivot Tilting-Pad Bearing With Comparisons to Predictions From Bulk-Flow and Reynolds Equation Models

Experimental dynamic-stiffness-coefficient results are presented for a high-speed, lightly loaded, load-on-pad, flexible-pivot tilting-pad bearing. Results show that the real part of the direct dynamic-stiffness coefficients are quadratic functions of the excitation frequency. This frequency dependency is modeled well by an added-mass coefficient, and the resultant [M], [K], and [C] matrix model is frequency-independent versus a conventional [K] and [C] model that is frequency dependent. The dynamics introduced by the additional pad degrees of freedom (including pad inertia and web moment stiffness) and the effects of fluid inertia in the lubricant film account for part of this frequency dependency. Experimental results are compared to numerical predictions from models based on: (i) the Reynolds equation, and (ii) a Navier-Stokes (NS) equations bulk-flow model that retains the temporal and convective fluid inertia terms. The NS bulk-flow model results correlate better with experimental dynamic stiffness results, including added-mass terms. Both models underestimate the measured added-mass coefficients for the full excitation range; however, they do an adequate job for excitation frequencies up to synchronous frequency. The frequency dependency predicted by using a [K] and [C] model can be removed by adding a mass matrix to the reaction-force model with either a Reynolds equation or a bulk-flow NS model, with a very considerable speed up in calculation of damped eigenvalues for rotor-bearing systems.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Évaluer les clients

Il apparait de plus en plus que la valeur financiere d'une entreprise depend d'actifs intangibles hors bilan. Dans cet article, les auteurs se focalisent sur l'aspect le plus critique d'une entreprise : ses clients. Plus specifiquement, ils demontrent comment l'evaluation des clients permet d'evaluer les entreprises, y compris les entreprises a forte croissance ayant des benefices negatifs. Les auteurs definissent la valeur d'un client comme la somme escomptee des benefices futurs anticipes. Ils demontrent leur methode d'evaluation en utilisant des donnees publiquement disponibles pour cinq entreprises. Ils trouvent qu'une amelioration de 1 % dans la retention, la marge ou le cout d'acquisition ameliore la valeur de l'entreprise de 5 %, 1 % et 0, 1 % respectivement. Ils trouvent egalement qu'une amelioration de 1 % dans la retention a un impact quasiment cinq fois plus grand sur la valeur de l'entreprise qu'un changement de 1 % du taux d'actualisation ou cout du capital. Ces resultats montrent que le lien...
The Role of Personal Beliefs in the Evaluation of Pre-service Teachers’ Lesson Plans – A Single Case Study

Aims: This study examined the relationship between personal beliefs and views of instructional practice. Study Design: Anon-experimental quantitative mixed methods research design was used. Place and Duration of Study: Research setting at Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, MN, USA). Participants individually completed the study during the spring of 2012. Methodology: Thirty-three pre-service teachers completed a self-report questionnaire and thought aloud as they evaluated two lesson plans. Results: Two dimensions of epistemological beliefs significantly predicted participants’ views of constructivist teaching, R=.25, F(1,32)=4.927, p=.014. Additionally, participants’ evaluation of how a lesson plan supports self-regulated learning was significantly predicted by constructivist views, R=.14, F(1,29)=4.575, p=.04.Lastly, the evaluation of the student-centered nature of a lesson plan was significantly predicted by more traditional views, R=.14, F(1, 29)=4.575, p=.04. Conclusion: Participants with stronger constructivist views of teaching made significantly Original Research Article British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4(6): 768-783, 2014 769 more evaluations based on the lesson plan’s support of self-regulated learning. Additionally, stronger traditional views were related to fewer evaluations on the studentcentered nature of the lesson plan. Thus, differences in lesson plan evaluations can be explained by pre-service teachers’ personal beliefs.
Graphs on Surfaces

Given a graph G and a surface S, one asks the following question. Is it possible to “draw” this graph G on the surface S such that the arcs of G intersect only at their common vertices? This concept must be precisely defined. Remember that a surface S is just a set of polyhedra. (See the definition in Section 3.6.)
Study on the deratization effect of fur wax bait poison aginst Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus

Objective The study was aimed to observe the deratization effect of mix wax bait poison(the mix proportion of wax corn and wax wheat bait poisons is 7: 3) against Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. Methods On-the-spot test had been carried out with bait poisons at the following four villages: Guojia, Zhangma, Xianwen, and Jinjia in Licheng district Jinan city. All the 1219 residential rooms in Guojia village were placed with mix wax bait poison; and in Jinjia village 500 meters away from Guojia, all the 662 residential rooms were placed with control mix wax bait poison. The 498 residential rooms from 60 households in Zhangma village and the 516 residential rooms from 60 households in Xianwen village 3.5 km away were also subjected to the test. Every village was divided respectively into test groups and control groups. For every residential room, three bait poisons were placed per 15 m2, and every bait poison was 10 g. The bait poisons were placed for 4 days and observed for 26 days. S400 check was used to evaluate the deratization effect. Results There were three groups of tests for the mix wax bait poison and the control mix wax bait poison. The deratization rate for the test groups and the control groups against Rattus norvegicus were 92.55% and 94.97% respectively, with statistically significant difference(u=8.41, P0.01). For Mus Musculus, the rates were 99.82% and 98.95% respectively, with no statistical difference(u=1.88, P0.05). Conclusion The deratization effect of mix wax bait poison against Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus was very profound. It provides a good bait poison for controlling rat density.
Entanglement entropy and duality

Using the algebraic approach to entanglement entropy, we study several dual pairs of lattice theories and show how the entropy is completely preserved across each duality. Our main result is that a maximal algebra of observables in a region typically dualizes to a non-maximal algebra in a dual region. In particular, we show how the usual notion of tracing out external degrees of freedom dualizes to a tracing out coupled to an additional summation over superselection sectors. We briefly comment on possible extensions of our results to more intricate dualities, including holographic ones.
Characterization of HIV-1 Infection in the Humanized Rag2 −/− γc −/− Mouse Model

Engraftment of immunodeficient mice with a human immune system (humanized mice) provides a model system to study pathogens that target human immune cells. Humanized Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice produce the major target cells of HIV-1 and these cells can be detected in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues, as well as in the vaginal and rectal mucosa and brain tissues. This humanized model has already yielded important findings on HIV-1 transmission, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and testing of novel antiviral strategies in vivo. Here, we describe the methods used to infect humanized mice with HIV-1 and to characterize plasma viral load and blood CD4(+) T cell depletion.
Cobalt Selenide Nanostructures: An Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst with High Current Density at Low Coverage

Electrodeposited Co7Se8 nanostructures exhibiting flake-like morphology show bifunctional catalytic activity for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reaction (OER and HER, respectively) in alkaline medium with long-term durability (>12 h) and high Faradaic efficiency (99.62%). In addition to low Tafel slope (32.6 mV per decade), the Co7Se8 OER electrocatalyst also exhibited very low overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm–2 (0.26 V) which is lower than other transition metal chalcogenide based OER electrocatalysts reported in the literature and significantly lower than the state-of-the-art precious metal oxides. A low Tafel slope (59.1 mV per decade) was also obtained for the HER catalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte. The OER catalytic activity could be further improved by creating arrays of 3-dimensional rod-like and tubular structures of Co7Se8 through confined electrodeposition on lithographically patterned nanoelectrodes. Such arrays of patterned nanostructures produced exceptionally high mass acti...
Restless legs syndrome with augmentation successfully treated with IV iron.

Augmentation of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is iatrogenic worsening of symptoms that follows initial improvement on dopaminergic therapy.1 With augmentation, symptoms become more intense, begin earlier in the day, and can spread to body parts previously unaffected. This is differentiated from tolerance (declining response to medication over time), in that symptoms during augmentation are worse than premedicated baseline symptoms. Augmentation increases patient discomfort, decreases quality of life, and is a troublesome clinical complication of treatment with dopaminergic agents.2
Current and Prospective Pharmacotherapies in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common and is a costly problem to manage. The annual direct cost for managing the disease is estimated to be more than $9 billion dollars in the USA. In western populations, 25% of people over age 30 report having heartburn at least once a month, 12% at least once per week, and 5% describe daily symptoms. However, the prevalence of the disease tends to be underestimated, with unrecognized GERD occurring in more than 50% of patients seen in general practice for unrelated conditions. GERD is defined as symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents against the gradient of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure into the distal esophagus, leading to impaired quality of life and other complications. The disease is thought to be caused by reduced pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and delayed gastric emptying. It is well-recognized that GERD is associated with a variety of clinical syndromes and that it is frequently a chronic condition, often requiring long-term maintenance therapy. It can be subdivided into erosive esophagitis (EE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). Patients with NERD have no mucosal breaks in the esophagus, but have typical reflux symptoms. The spectrum of upper gastrointestinal complications of GERD includes erosive esophagitis, stricture and Barrett’s esophagus, which may increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Treatment options available for GERD range from over-the-counter (OTC) antacids to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and anti-reflux endoscopic procedures and surgery. This article will review each of the pharmacotherapeutic options, including new developments in proton pump inhibitor isomers, potassium competitive acid blockers and endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The Tubulin-Based-Polymorphism Method Provides a Simple and Effective Alternative to the Genomic Profiling of Grape

The TBP (Tubulin-Based-Polymorphism) method, based on a nuclear ILP (Intron-Length-Polymorphism) molecular marker, has been used for genotyping 37 accessions of the genus Vitis inclusive of different species, rootstocks, wild and cultivated subspecies. A distinct DNA barcode made up by a different number of amplicons, was attributed to each of the different accessions. TBP data were compared with those obtained, with the use of an internationally validated set of six SSR markers. Genetic relationships among the different accessions, dendrogram distributions, correlation values and polymorphic index values (PICs) were definitively comparable when not in favor of TBP. Such an experimental consistency is based upon a genomic organization of the multiple members of the β-tubulin gene family, the targets of TBP-mediated amplification, that is conserved in Vitis as in any other plant species. The TBP amplicons can actually be used as a useful source of sequence polymorphisms for generating primer pairs capable of identifying specific cultivars in a simple assay. An example for the identification of the ‘Sangiovese’ cv. is reported. More generally, these data are discussed in terms of the actual advantages that the introduction of the TBP method in the field of grape characterization and genotyping can provide.
On-the-fly, incremental, consistent reading of entire databases

We describe an algorithm to read entire databases with locking concurrency control allowing multiple readers or an exclusive writer. The algorithm runs concurrently with the normal transaction processing (on-the-fly), and locks the en-tities in the database one by one (incremental). We prove the algorithm produces consistent pictures of the database. We also show that the algorithm aborts a minimal number of updates in the class of on-the-fly, incremental, consistent algorithms. On-the-fly, incremental algorithms to read entire data- bases consistently can improve system availability and reli- ability. Most existing systems either require the transaction processing to stop, or produce potentially inconsistent re- sults. Our algorithm does not change the database physical design, so it can be adapted to existing systems by expand- ing their lock table. Finally, we extend the algorithm in a straightforward way to read entire distributed databases.
Repeatability of magnetic resonance fingerprinting T1 and T2 estimates assessed using the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy and repeatability of T1 and T2 estimates of a MR fingerprinting (MRF) method using the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom. Methods The ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom contains multiple compartments with standardized T1, T2, and proton density values. Conventional inversion-recovery spin echo and spin echo methods were used to characterize the T1 and T2 values in the phantom. The phantom was scanned using the MRF-FISP method over 34 consecutive days. The mean T1 and T2 values were compared with the values from the spin echo methods. The repeatability was characterized as the coefficient of variation of the measurements over 34 days. Results T1 and T2 values from MRF-FISP over 34 days showed a strong linear correlation with the measurements from the spin echo methods (R2 = 0.999 for T1; R2 = 0.996 for T2). The MRF estimates over the wide ranges of T1 and T2 values have less than 5% variation, except for the shortest T2 relaxation times where the method still maintains less than 8% variation. Conclusion MRF measurements of T1 and T2 are highly repeatable over time and across wide ranges of T1 and T2 values. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Implications of Social Support as a Self-Control Resource

Self-control is an intricate component of decision making and effectively managing day-to-day life. Failing to maintain adequate self-control can have negative effects on many desired goals and social experiences. As such, understanding how different facets of the human experience may affect self-control is an important undertaking. One area that is yet unclear is the possible relationships between social support and self-control. Research suggests that social support can be an effective resource in reducing stress and promoting health and well-being. Research has also indicates that stress can be a limiting factor on self-control. In contrast, few studies have focused on social support as a potential resource for self-control. The goal of this mini-review is to explore the intersections between self-control and social support and encourage integration of these two relatively independent areas of research. This review will help provide a broader understanding of self-control resources and how we can better understand the relationships between social well-being and our ability to monitor and utilize our capacity to maintain self-control.
Nonlinear Stochastic Ecosystem of Two Competing Species

A nonlinear stochastic model describing two competing species of grass and woody vegetation is proposed. Two types of stochastic processes are proposed to model the variation part of the stocking rate. One is Gaussian white-noise, and another is randomized sinusoidal process. The system nonlinear behaviors are investigated for the deterministic case and the cases with two different stochastic variations. Some key characteristics of the system are found to be different for cases with and without stochastic variations. With the stochastic variation, a single stable state in the deterministic system is diffused into a region of stable states, and a separatrix dividing the two attraction zones no longer exists. The system may follow different trajectories and lead to different outcomes, beginning from the same initial state. It is also found that the stationary probability of the system response depends on the initial conditions, a special phenomenon for the investigated nonlinear system. Although the white-noise process and the randomized sinusoidal process are quite different in nature, the qualitative behaviors of the system are similar. Furthermore, effects of the initial state and the intensity of the stochastic variations on the system behaviors are investigated.
Occlusion (Part 2 of 2)

In the previous Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry's Talking with Patients, we defined occlusion and malocclusion and discussed when and why malocclusion is a concern. In this issue we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions.
O PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DA UNIVERSIDADE GAMA FILHO: CARACTERÍSTICAS, REALIZAÇÕES E DESAFIOS

O objetivo do presente artigo e caracterizar o estado da arte do Programa de Pos-Graduacao stricto sensu em Educacao Fisica da Universidade Gama Filho e explicitar a opiniao do corpo discente sobre os aspectos positivos e negativos que estao interferindo na qualidade da formacao de mestres e doutores desse programa, a luz dos impasses e desafios que se apresentam para a pos-graduacao da area no quadro das ciencias da saude. Para o mapeamento da produtividade academica recorreu-se aos relatorios de desempenho padronizados pela Capes referentes ao trienio 1999-2001. A opiniao dos alunos foi obtida por meio da Tecnica Delphi, realizada em duas rodadas de coleta de informacoes. O corpo discente faz uma avaliacao positiva do PPGEF-UGF destacando o corpo docente (a qualidade, a formacao multidisciplinar, a dedicacao e a produtividade) como o fator determinante na qualidade da formacao de mestres e de doutores.
Alternate Approaches to Human Reliability Analysis

Three feasible ways of performing a Human Reliability analysis are compared in terms of their goals, assumptions, methodology, advantages, disadvantages, and the extent to which each method has been validated. Theoretical and pragmatic criticisms of HR are examined and answered.
Mortgage Loan Flow Networks and Financial Norms

We develop a theoretical model of a network of intermediaries whose optimal behavior is jointly determined, leading to heterogeneous financial norms and systemic vulnerabilities. We apply the model to the network of U.S. mortgage intermediaries from 2005 to 2007, using a data set containing all private-label, fixed-rate mortgages, with loan flows defining links. Default risk was closely related to network position, evolving predictably among linked nodes, and loan quality estimated from the model was related to independent quality measures, altogether pointing to the vital importance of network effects in this market. Received April 20, 2016; editorial decision July 11, 2017 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh.
Conclusions: Comparison and Triangulation

The concluding chapter synthesizes the core arguments and insights of the contributing authors and draws out their implications for our understanding of the European Union (EU) as a foreign policy actor. It also discusses how these collective findings shed light on the scholarly debates addressing the nature of the EU as a global actor. Having demonstrated the significant analytical leverage that triangulation and explicit comparison yielded in our analyses of the main actors and core issues surrounding the Ukraine-Russia conflict, the chapter concludes with a consideration of the applicability of the triangular diplomacy framework to other cases of conflict and crisis management.
Underexplored Aspects of Group-work Education in MSW Programs

ABSTRACTWarnings about social group work’s diminished place within social work education date back to 1978. This article reports the findings of a national study exploring the state of group-work education in Council on Social Work Education accredited programs. Our 2014 publication compared study results with those of the 1994 Birnbaum and Auerbach publication. This article highlights additional findings regarding underexplored aspects of group-work education including concentrations/specializations in group work, social work faculty expertise and involvement in group-work associations, efforts to link students with professional group-work associations, continuing education opportunities in group work for field supervisors, online/hybrid group-work course offerings, links between institutional characteristics and group-work offerings, and faculty members’ perceptions of the state of group-work education.
Tibet in agony: Lhasa 1959, by Jianglin Li, translated by Susan Wilf

Jianglin Li’s Tibet in Agony is the most detailed scholarly account of a series of linked, large-scale uprisings that engulfed Tibetan regions of China between 1956 and 1959. Ably translated from C...
The Role of the Neutrophil in the Inflammatory Response

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, Metchnikoff observed the localization of amebocytes around a rose thorn that had penetrated into the coelomic cavity of a transparent starfish larva. He was struck by the “walling off” or engulfment of foreign particles by these motile cells. Based on these and other findings, Metchnikoff (1891) proposed a major role for phagocytic cells in mediating resistance to microbial invasion. The immune system is now known to consist of humoral and cellular components whose complex interactions can protect against microbial invasion and the development and spread of neoplasms. The immunologic recognition of foreign substances results in the production of inflammatory mediators through the activation of enzyme cascade systems such as complement and by the release of soluble products from leukocytes (i.e., lymphokines and arachidonic acid metabolites) (Cohen et al., 1979; Gallin and Quie, 1978; Kuehl and Egan, 1980; Snyderman, 1982). These mediators recruit phagocytes and lymphocytes to sites of immune reactions. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages are phagocytic cells whose functions are required for the actual degradation of antigens.