cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immigration and settlement pattern of Paralichthys dentatus and P. lethostigma in an estuarine nursery ground, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Abstract Immigration and settlement pattern of 0-group summer flounder ( Paralichthys dentatus ) and southern flounder ( P. lethostigma ) in an estuarine nursery are described. Flounders entering the estuary were transforming larvae. Despite their sympatric occurrence during larval immigration, the two species were found concentrated in different habitats. Sampling along transects within the estuary indicated that newly settled southern flounder were concentrated on tidal flats towards the head of the estuary while greatest numbers of summer flounder were captured on tidal flats in the middle reach of the system. Logistic regression analysis of presence/absence data indicated that salinity affected the distribution of southern flounder while substrate type was an important factor affecting the distribution of summer flounder. Numbers of both species on tidal flats declined in the spring, southern flounder appeared to move upstream to oligohaline riverine habitat and summer flounder appeared to move to high salinity salt marsh habitat. The segregated distribution apparent in juveniles is largely established during the immigration period. Differences in settling behaviour and subsequent movement and/or differential mortality occurring during settlement, appear important in determining the observed distribution of juvenile summer and southern flounder.
Dynamic measurements of damage generation in single crystal silicon due to sliding contact with a spherical diamond

Abstract Single or multiple linear unidirectional scratches were made on (111) n-type single crystal silicon surfaces, at room temperature, by a dead-loaded spherical diamond indenter translated in the [110] direction at a speed of 5 cm−1. The damage was measured with a simulated four-point probe technique consisting of a voltage detector designed and fabricated on the silicon wafer. The scratches were made between four electrical pads of the detector through which the electrical resistance of the damage region can be recorded in real time by a data acquisition system. The relative change in voltage, between 3 and 10%, was correlated to the time for the diamond to move past the probes and depended on dead load on the diamond, and the silicon properties. This measurement technique is used to develop a model for subsurface crack generation and propagation. If subsurface damage is modeled as a Hertzian crack then a measure of the voltage provides an estimate of the crack size. This relationship between the measured relative change in voltage and load on a pyramid diamond can be expressed as M(%) αP 4 3 .
Genetic Markers to Locate and Transfer Heterotic Chromosome Blocks for Increased Pearl Millet Yields

The introgression of exotic germplasm by conventional breeding procedures to promote greater heterosis and yield within adapted hybrid cultivars often is a difficult and lengthy process. As part of long-term investigations, the objectives of this study were to evaluate and use nonlethal genetic markers to locate heterotic chromosome blocks (HCBs) in exotic pearl miller [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] lines, develop methods to use the markers to transfer in the future the selected HCBs to inbred T383 and to increase the yield of Tifleaf 2 (T85A × T383) (...)
Association between natural killer cells and regression in melanocytic lesions

Mortality from melanoma, the deadliest of skin cancers, continues to increase in all age groups. A small number of melanomas spontaneously regress. In vitro studies suggest a role for the natural killer cell in effecting regression. In this study, the goal was to determine if natural killer cells are preferentially involved in the cytotoxic response in regressing lesions. Forty-two cases were selected: nevi with regression, nonregressing melanoma with brisk inflammation, and regressing melanoma. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostained for CD8, CD56, and T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen 1. Numbers of total lymphocytes, CD8-positive lymphocytes, and T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen 1-positive lymphocytes did not differ among the 3 populations or based on location. CD56 positivity was significantly different among the 3 populations. Regressing melanomas showed the greatest CD56 activity, followed by regressing nevi, whereas inflamed, nonregressing melanomas showed the least. CD56(+) lymphocytes were mostly counted in areas of early regression. The natural killer cell could plausibly play a role in the occurrence of regression as a cytotoxic effector cell or as a mediator of the cytotoxic mechanism.
Sensitive Detection of Elemental Mercury Vapor by Gold Nanoparticle Decorated Carbon Nanotube Sensors.

Low-cost, low power consumption gas sensors that can detect or quantify various gas analytes are of increasing interest for various applications ranging from mobile health, to environmental exposure assessment and homeland security. In particular miniature gas sensors based on nanomaterials that can be manufactured in the form of sensor arrays present great potential for the development of portable monitoring devices. In this study, we demonstrate that a chemiresistive nanosensor comprised of single walled carbon nanotubes decorated with gold nanoparticles has impressive sensitivity to elemental mercury (Hg) gas concentrations, with a lower detection limit as low as 2 ppbv. Furthermore, this nanosensor was found to regenerate, though slowly, without any additional recovery steps. Finally, the mercury vapor sensing mechanism allowed for direct investigations into the origin of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in carbon nanotubes decorated with Au nanoparticles.
A Novel Mechanism of Actin Nucleation by Rickettsia Sca2

Pathogens destabilize the host cytoskeleton for their survival and for motility. Pathogen interaction with host gives an advantage of illustrating the key cytoskeleton functions like phagocytosis, micropinocytosis, autophagy, motility, membrane trafficking and signal transduction. Sca2 is a Rickettsial outer membrane protein is known to nucleate host actin and forms actin comet tails for the pathogen motility. Yet, the mechanism remains a mystery. Sca2 passenger domain is 1482 amino acid length protein and it has three WH2 domains flanked with two proline rich domains. Here, we have used a battery of biophysical approaches such as, Fluorescence, TIRF microscopy, ITC, X-ray crystallography and SAXS to determine the structural basis for nucleation and elongation of actin by Sca2. using biochemical and TIRF assays we have found that Sca2 consists of two domains, where one domain nucleates actin and the other is needed for processivity. We have determined the structure of the processivity domain, which reveals a unique mode of F-actin barbed-end capping, which was confirmed by deletion mutants based on structure. These results suggest that Rickettsia Sca2 has a novel mode of actin nucleation and elongation that involves the coordination of two actin-binding domains.
A statistical performance model of the opteron processor

Cycle-accurate simulation is the dominant methodology for processor design space analysis and performance prediction. However, with the prevalence of multi-core, multi-threaded architectures, this method has become highly impractical as the sole means for design due to its extreme slowdowns. We have developed a statistical technique for modeling multicore processors that is based on Monte Carlo methods. Using this method, processor models of contemporary architectures can be developed and applied to performance prediction, bottleneck detection, and limited design space analysis. To date, we have accurately modeled the IBM Cell, the Intel Itanium, and the Sun Niagara 1 and Niagara 2 processors [23, 22, 8]. In this paper, we present a work in progress which is applying this methodology to an out-of-order execution processor. We present the initial single-core model and results for the AMD Barcelona (Opteron) processor.
Orbital Preservation in Patients with Esthesioneuroblastoma

Objectives Surgical resection in addition to adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). However, management of patients with orbital involvement remains controversial. Historically, orbital exenteration has been advocated when there is evidence of periorbital invasion. Recently, the indications for orbital exenteration have become more selective and orbital preservation has been advocated. We report our experience with anterior craniofacial resection and orbital preservation in patients with ENB. Design Retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with esthesioneuroblastoma who underwent traditional open anterior craniofacial resection at the Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Cranial Base Center from 1997 to 2008. Results Sixteen patients were identified with a mean follow-up of 76 months. All patients underwent anterior craniofacial resection via an open approach and adjuvant proton beam radiation. Six of the 16 patients had evidence of either periorbital or lacrimal sac involvement at the time of surgery. All of these patients underwent periorbital resection to negative histologic margins with preservation of the orbit. Conclusion In our study, patients with ENB and periorbital invasion-who were treated with anterior craniofacial resection and periorbital resection with orbital preservation-had no evidence of decreased survival. In all patients, negative histologic margins of the periorbital resection were achieved.
Program documentation at wichita state university

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss about program documentation and solutions on the problems in documentation.
The Collective Good: Unionization, Perceived Control, and Overall Job Satisfaction Among Community College Faculty

The research reported in this paper follow up a recent study by the authors on perceived control by examining what role working in a union or nonunion college has in influencing faculty job satisfaction. Using data from the 1993, 1999, and 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty, this study explored the relative importance of variables, including perceived control, influencing overall job satisfaction among full-time teaching faculty in unionized and nonunionized community colleges. A conceptual framework was adapted for this study from the situational model of job satisfaction (Locke, 1976) to select and organize variables according to background characteristics, characteristics of the job task, and financial reward variables. Results of correlational analyses confirm a positive relationship between perceived control and overall job satisfaction for community college teaching faculty in both union and nonunion colleges. Union status was not found to be predictive of job satisfaction.
Protein Assembly Line Components in Prodigiosin Biosynthesis: Characterization of PigA,G,H,I,J

The red streptomycete metabolite prodigiosin has a unique tripyrrolic structure with two of the three pyrrolyl moieties in tandem. Five enzymes, PigA,G,H,I, and J, are involved in dipyrrole (rings A and B) formation. We have heterologously expressed and purified from Escherichia coli these five enzymes. At first, pyrrole ring A is formed on the peptidyl carrier protein PigG by one of two possible ways: (i) by action of the adenylation domain PigI that transforms l-proline into l-prolyl-AMP and by the flavoprotein dehydrogenase PigA responsible for the four-electron oxidation reaction; (ii) by loading with the pyrrolyl-2-carboxyl-(S)-pantetheinyl moiety from synthetic pyrrolyl-CoA using the phosphopantetheinyl transferase Sfp. Subsequently, pyrrole ring B is constructed by PigH after the transfer of ring A to the ketosynthase of PigJ. PigH consists of three domains: two acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) and a seryltransferase (SerT). Using HPLC and nanospray-Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (nFTMS), we established that all three domains of PigH undergo post-translational modifications and gained insight into the machinery involved in 2,2-dipyrrole biosynthesis.
Capturing pressure‐dependence in automated mechanism generation: Reactions through cycloalkyl intermediates

Chemical kinetic mechanisms for gas-phase processes (including combustion, pyrolysis, partial oxidation, or the atmospheric oxidation of organics) will often contain hundreds of species and thousands of reactions. The size and complexity of such models, and the need to ensure that important pathways are not left out, have inspired the use of computer tools to generate such large chemical mechanisms automatically. But the models produced by existing computerized mechanism generation codes, as well as a great many large mechanisms generated by hand, do not include pressure-dependence in a general way. This is due to the difficulty of computing the large number of k(T, P) estimates required. Here we present a fast, automated method for computing k(T, P) on-the-fly during automated mechanism generation. It uses as its principal inputs the same high-pressure-limit rate estimation rules and group-additivity thermochemistry estimates employed by existing computerized mechanism-generation codes, and automatically identifies the important chemically activated intermediates and pathways. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach on a series of pressure-dependent reactions through cycloalkyl radical intermediates, including systems with over 90 isomers and 200 accessible product channels. We test the accuracy of these computer-generated k(T, P) estimates against experimental data on the systems H + cyclobutene, H + cyclopentene, H + cyclohexene, C2H3 + C2H4, and C3H5 + C2H4, and make predictions for temperatures and pressures where no experimental data are available. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 95–119, 2003
Estimation of Progression-Free Survival for All Treated Patients in the Randomized Discontinuation Trial Design

The randomized discontinuation trial (RDT) design is an enrichment-type design that has been used in a variety of diseases to evaluate the efficacy of new treatments. The RDT design seeks to select a more homogeneous group of patients, consisting of those who are more likely to show a treatment benefit if one exists. In oncology, the RDT design has been applied to evaluate the effects of cytostatic agents, that is, drugs that act primarily by slowing tumor growth rather than shrinking tumors. In the RDT design, all patients receive treatment during an initial, open-label run-in period of duration T. Patients with objective response (substantial tumor shrinkage) remain on therapy while those with early progressive disease are removed from the trial. Patients with stable disease (SD) are then randomized to either continue active treatment or switched to placebo. The main analysis compares outcomes, for example, progression-free survival (PFS), between the two randomized arms. As a secondary objective, inves...
Numerical simulation of time delays in light-induced ionization

We apply a fundamental definition of time delay, as the difference between the time a particle spends within a finite region of a potential and the time a free particle spends in the same region, to determine results for photoionization of an electron by an extreme ultraviolet laser field using numerical simulations on a grid. Our numerical results are in good agreement with those of the Wigner-Smith time delay, obtained as the derivative of the phase shift of the scattering wave packet with respect to its energy, for the short-range Yukawa potential. In the case of the Coulomb potential we obtain time delays for any finite region, while---as expected---the results do not converge as the size of the region increases towards infinity. The impact of an ultrashort near-infrared probe pulse on the time delay introduced here is analyzed for both the Yukawa and the Coulomb potential and is found to be small for intensities below ${10}^{13}$ W/cm${}^{2}$.
Effect of barbiturate anesthesia on discharge pattern in nucleus reticularis thalami.

Abstract In unanesthetized preparations spontaneous EEG spindles are accompanied by a tonic increase in neuronal firing in the rostral pole of nucleus reticularis thalami. The effect of Brevital on this relationship was investigated in encephale isole cats in the present report. Small doses of the drug consistently decreased the firing frequency inbetween the appearance of cortical spindles, whereas the effect on the intraspindle discharge rate as well as the averaged overall firing frequency varied from cell to cell. The ratio of intra- vs. interspindle discharge frequency was enhanced during light and moderate anesthesia, and the tonic spindle-related firing was broken up into bursts which were in phase with individual EEG waves. An increase in dosage to a level producing persistent slow waves in the EEG was followed by continuous irregular reticularis firing with no apparent relationship to the slow EEG waves. Massive doses of Brevital resulting in a flat cortical EEG arrested spontaneous firing completely. The results are viewed as supporting the hypothesis that neurons in the rostral part of nucleus reticularis exert a tonic inhibitory influence on dorsal thalamic cells.
Rapid measurement of emittance and brightness

Abstract This paper reports on an improved scanning device for the rapid measurement of the two dimensional emittance of an ion beam. The use of triangular wave voltages for sweeping the beam across slits permits electronic integration of phase space area, total beam current and “partial” current within a phase-space contour (hence two dimensional brightness). The use of two slits, rather than the aperture and slit of an earlier design, gives true two dimensional results, which can with reasonable assumptions, easily be extended to phase-space's full four dimensions, as described herein. Measurements are included of deuteron beams from the Wisconsin Lamb-shift polarized source to demonstrate the capabilities of the device.
Parsing participation: models of engagement for outcomes monitoring in urban stewardship

Few urban environmental stewardship, or civic ecology, practices monitor their impacts on local communities and ecosystems. This lack of monitoring prevents lay stewards from adapting their practices based on outcomes. For those that do collect data on their practices, we see different forms of practitioner engagement in outcomes monitoring. We categorise these different forms of engagement according to five published models of public participation in scientific research, revealing different strategies for collecting and analysing data towards adaptive co-management in urban ecosystems. We propose two broad strategies for expanding outcomes monitoring in these contexts: creating openly accessible tools and protocols for do-it-yourself inquiry and supporting more resource-intensive partnerships between practitioners and scientists for more complex forms of outcomes monitoring.
Changes following premarital education for couples with differing degrees of future marital risk.

The present study explored changes in individuals' relationship cognitions and behaviors following premarital education for couples with different risk profiles. The sample consisted of 63 couples who completed the PREPARE program and were classified for future marital risk based on dyadic information. A significant interaction effect was found between risk and time, with individuals in relationships classified as high risk exhibiting greater change at 4 weeks postprogram compared to low-risk individuals. Perceived helpfulness of topics also varied by couple type. Findings provide support for adapting premarital education programs for high-risk couples and offer clinicians and educators specific insights for areas of emphasis when working with different types of couples.
EFFECT OF P-FLUOROPHENYLALANINE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF VACCINIA VIRUS.

Abstract The effect of the amino acid analog FPA on vaccinia virus replication in HeLa cells was investigated. By varying the dose of FPA or the time after infection at which the analog was added to cultures, it was possible to inhibit differentially the synthesis of viral components in vaccinia-infected cells. When sufficient FPA was added to cultures at the time of infection, the synthesis of viral DNA, NP antigen, infectious virus, and HA was inhibited. The inhibition of synthesis of LS antigen under all conditions studied was only partial. FPA added to cultures at 6 or more hours post-infection did not inhibit production of viral antigens or infectious virus. The inhibition was reversed by PA added with the FPA, but PA added at later times was progressively less effective in restoring the ability of inhibited infected cultures to produce virus. The proportion of nuclei incorporating thymidine-H 3 was decreased in cultures infected with vaccinia virus. This decrease was not seen in cultures receiving FPA at the time of infection.
“Can you make/measure this asphere for me?”

The conventional characterization of an asphere’s shape is problematic: its coefficients hold many unnecessary digits and are unintelligible at first sight. There are related-complications in design, fabrication, and testing. Solutions are demonstrated for these shortcomings.
Radio jet interactions with massive clouds

Three-dimensional simulations of light hydrodynamic jets are computed using the Zeus-3D code. We employ parameters corresponding to moderate to high power radio jets emerging through a galactic atmosphere or halo, and eventually crossing a tilted pressure matched interface with a hotter intracluster medium. These simulations aim the jets so that they hit massive dense clouds within the galactic halo. Such clouds are set up with radii several times that of the jet, and nominally correspond to giant molecular cloud complexes or small cannibalized galaxies. We find that powerful jets eventually disperse the clouds, but that, for the off-center collisions considered, non-axisymmetric instabilities are induced in those jets. Those instabilities grow faster for lower Mach number jets, and can produce disruptions substantially sooner than occurred in our earlier work on jets in the absence of collisions with massive clouds. Such interactions could be related to some Compact Steep Spectrum source morphologies. Very weak jets can be effectively halted by reasonably massive clouds, and this may have relevance for the paucity of radio jets in spiral galaxies. Slow, dense jets may be bent, yet remain stable for fairly extended times, thereby explaining some Wide-Angle-Tail and most “dog-leg” morphologies.
Symmetry conditions in terms of open sets

Abstract A quasi-uniform space is Smyth symmetric provided that its quasi-proximity is a proximity. This paper shows that a space is Smyth symmetric if and only if it is small-set symmetric and either open symmetric or semi-symmetric in the sense of J. Deak. Every Smyth symmetric quasi-uniformity is quiet, and in the class of totally bounded quasi-uniform spaces both Smyth symmetry and quietness are equivalent to being a uniformity. In the class of small-set symmetric spaces the concepts of open symmetry, semi-symmetry and Smyth symmetry are equivalent.
Reflections on sessions early in an analysis: Trauma, affect and “enactive witnessing”

The essay explores psychoanalytic sessions where witnessing to trauma is treated as a matter of the transmission of bodily affect rather than the production of a meaningful narration of traumatic symptoms. Attention is paid to the theorizing of affect in contemporary psychoanalysis and critical theory, focusing on performance and relationality.
The development of political attitudes in segregated and desegregated schools

A shorter version of this paper was presented at American Educational Research Association, Boston, 1980. The analysis was completed while the author was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for the Social Organization of Schools, The Johns Hopkins University. Although much of the research on the effects of school desegregation has focused on academic achievement, an even more important consequence of desegregation may be its effect on attitudes about the political system. In the first place, attitudes abdut the political system are of interest because of what those attitudes may portend for the future participation and involvement of young people in the political system (Abramson, 1977, p. 5). And second, if school desegregation does affect political attitudes, then school desegregation may also have future, long-term consequences for desegregation in other areas of society. Moreover, if it is true, as several researchers suggest (Abramson, 1977; Orum and Cohen, 1973; Rodgers, t974), that children's attitudes about their political efficacy or ability to influence government are based upon "political reality" (more than political education, social deprivation, or intelligence), then it seems reasonable to suppose that school desegregation, a concrete outcome of the political system, also has an effect on political attitudes. Indeed, as Crain and Mahard (1979), Or field (1978), and Meketon (1966) point out, at least in some situations, desegregation is viewed as a political contest as well as an educational change. Additionally, McPartland (1968) and Hare (1979) have noted that ' locus of control" or a sense of personal efficacy for black students is increased by desegregation. 1 Political attitudes, especially political efficacy, may also increase as a result of desegregation. Little research, however, has directly addressed the question of whether or not desegregation affects political efficacy (Rodgers, 1974). Undoubtedly one reason for the scarcity of such research is the number of problems associated with it. First, the concept of political efficacy appears to be multidimensional; Abramson (1977, p. 4) indicates that there are at least three ways in which efficacy has been used. One meaning of political efficacy is normative: an individual ought to be able to influence government. The second meaning of political efficacy is dispositional: an individual feels that he can influence government. And, the third meaning is behavioral: an individual actually does (try to) influence government. This multidimen-
Positional control of catalyst nanoparticles for the synthesis of high density carbon nanofiber arrays

Precise arrangement of nanoscale elements within larger systems, is essential to controlling higher order functionality and tailoring nanophase material properties. Here, we present findings on growth conditions for vertically aligned carbon nanofibers that enable synthesis of high density arrays and individual rows of nanofibers, which could be used to form barriers for restricting molecular transport, that have regular spacings and few defects. Growth through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was initiated from precisely formed nickel catalyst dots of varying diameter and spacing that were patterned through electron beam lithography. Nanofiber growth conditions, including power, precursor gas ratio, growth temperature and pressure were varied to optimize fiber uniformity and minimize defects that result from formation and migration of catalyst particles prior to growth. It was determined that both catalyst dot diameter and initial plasma power have a considerable influence on the number and severity of defects, while growth temperature, gas ratio (C2H2:NH3) and pressure can be varied within a considerable range to fine-tune nanofiber morphology.
A Wavelet-Based Multitemporal DInSAR Algorithm for Monitoring Ground Surface Motion

I present a multitemporal algorithm with an improved filtering scheme compared with earlier works that combines and inverts a large set of unwrapped interferograms to generate an accurate time series of the surface motion. This method statistically analyzes the interferometric phase noise to identify stable pixels. Then, it applies an iterative 2-D sparse phase unwrapping operator and low-pass filter to each interferogram to obtain reliable absolute phase changes. Moreover, it uses a re-weighted least squares approach to robustly estimate the time series of the surface motion, which is followed by a temporal low-pass filter that reduces the effects of atmospheric delay. During various stages of the analysis, this approach applies a variety of sophisticated wavelet-based filters to estimate the interferometric phase noise and to reduce the effects of systematic and random artefacts, such as spatially correlated and temporally uncorrelated components of the atmospheric delay, and the digital elevation model and orbital errors. To demonstrate the capability of this method for accurately measuring nonlinear surface motions, I analyze a large set of SAR data acquired by the ENVISAT satellite from 2003 through 2010 over the south flank of the Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The validation test shows that my approach is able to retrieve the surface displacement with an average accuracy of 6.5 mm.
Effects of a pyrimidine analog, 6-azauracil, on rat electroencephalogram and maze running ability.

Abstract A single intraperitoneal injection of the pyrimidine analog 6-azauracil has been shown to produce abnormalities in the electroencephalogram of the white rat which are similar to changes observed in man. This is the first demonstration of such experimentally induced electroencephalographic changes in any laboratory animal. Paralleling these effects is a profound ataxia which fails to alter the speed and accuracy with which the animal transverses a simple T-maze. These findings are regarded as preliminary to a further study of the mode of action of 6-azauracil and similar agents on the central nervous system.
Semiparametric Generalized Least Squares in the Multivariate Nonlinear Regression Model

Asymptotically efficient estimates for the multiple equations nonlinear regression model are obtained in the presence of heteroskedasticity of unknown form. The proposed estimator is a generalized least squares based on nonparametric nearest neighbor estimates of the conditional variance matrices. Some Monte Carlo experiments are reported.
Both epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor receptors are dispensable for structural intestinal adaptation

Purpose Intestinal adaptation structurally represents increases in crypt depth and villus height in response to small bowel resection (SBR). Previously, we found that neither epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nor insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) function was individually required for normal adaptation. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of disrupting both EGFR and IGF1R expression on resection-induced adaptation.
Cross-resistance among CryIV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, selected for resistance to 1, 2, 3, or 4 of the insecticidal toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Berliner, were tested with individual B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins, as well as combinations of toxins, to determine the pattern of the resulting resistance and cross-resistance. In each strain, except the Cq4AB (c. quinquefasciatus selected with CryIVA + CryIVB), resistance ratios at the LC95, were generally highest toward the strain’s respective selecting toxin(s). The strain Cq 4D, selected with CryIVD, demonstrated significant cross-resistance to CryIVA + CryIVB, and vice-versa. Selected strains also revealed resistance toward the component toxins present in their respective selecting mixture. For example, the Cq 4ABDCytA strain, which was selected with all 4 of the naturally occurring insecticidal toxins in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (CryIVA, CryIVB, CryIVD, CytA), revealed only a low level of resistance toward this mixture, whereas much higher levels of resistance were detected toward individual CryIV toxins as well as combinations of 2 or 3 CryIV toxins. All of the selected lines remained sensitive to the native 4-toxin mixture in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis , suggesting that the CytA toxin, which was present only in the 4-toxin mixture and differs in sequence and mode of action from the CryIV toxins. may play an important role in suppressing resistance to CryIV toxins.
Convection in a rotating layer with nearly insulating boundaries

Finite amplitude steady convection in a horizontal layer of fluid heated from below with nearly insulating boundaries and rotating about a vertical axis is investigated. The main result is that the only steady stable convective motion in the form of square pattern becomes unstable once the rotation parameter τ exceeds the value 7.45. The disturbances which have the highest growth rates are in the form of rolls inclined at an angle of 45° to the basic wave vectors of the steady motion.
Lessons Learned from Testing the Differential Urbanisation Model

This paper summarises the usefulness of the differential urbanisation model, to characterise regional urban development in terms of a temporal sequence of stages from urbanisation through polarisation reversal to counter–urbanisation, as revealed in nine empirical tests (Britain, Estonia, Finland, Western Germany, India, Italy, Russia, South Africa, and Turkey). First, results of the testing are summarised. Based on the results of these nine empirical tests, we attempt to answer the question ‘Did the differential urbanisation model fit reality?’ Also discussed are modifications to the model suggested during the course of empirical testing. Then directions for future testing and improvements to the model are suggested.
Political Action Committees: Fact, fancy, and morality

The analysis of Political Action Committee activities is dominated by the perspective that PAC contributions are a rational investment in political candidates; they yield valuable short-term payoffs. PACs buy access to officeholders and their votes on important legislation. Despite broad acceptance of this morally suspect theory, the evidence upon which it is based is weak. An alternative perspective — what we call the principled approach — both fits the evidence and rejects the morally repugnant interpretation of the relationship between business and politics that permeates the rational investment perspective.
Are all mutant SNARES equal

In this issue of Blood , Pagel et al[1][1] carefully deliniate some fascinating phenotype/genotype correlations in a larger cohort than in their earlier reports of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).[2][2],[3][3] The protein coded for by STXBP2 , MUNC18-2 impacts the formation and
Cardiac Tamponade as a Manifestation of Large Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/20-4-13301 The following illustrates a case study of a 38 year-old male with large cell carcinoma of the lung who subsequently developed cardiac tamponade. The incidence, as well as the association of large cell carcinoma and cardiac tamponade are discussed. Also, discussed are the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiac tamponade.
Cdc25A activity is required for the metaphase II arrest in mouse oocytes

Mammalian oocytes are arrested in metaphase of second meiosis (MII) until fertilization. This arrest is enforced by the cytostatic factor (CSF), which maintains the M-phase promoting factor (MPF) in a highly active state. Although the continuous synthesis and degradation of cyclin B to maintain the CSF-mediated MII arrest is well established, it is unknown whether cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) phosphorylations are involved in this arrest in mouse oocytes. Here, we show that a dynamic equilibrium of Cdk1 phosphorylation is required to maintain MII arrest. When the Cdc25A phosphatase is downregulated, mouse oocytes are released from MII arrest and MPF becomes inactivated. This inactivation occurs in the absence of cyclin B degradation and is dependent on Wee1B-mediated phosphorylation of Cdk1. Thus, our data demonstrate that Cdk1 activity is maintained during MII arrest not only by cyclin turnover but also by steady state phosphorylation.
The photolysis of ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate in the gas phase

Abstract The photolysis of ethylene carbonate vapour was studied at 206.2 nm at pressures from about 5 to 30 Torr and at temperatures from 120 at 160 °C. The major products were CO 2 and ethylene oxide, while the minor products were H 2 , CO, CH 4 and CH 3 CHO. The quantum yields for the production of CO 2 increased sharply at higher pressures, reaching values as high as 200, and there is evidently an unusual photo-initiated chain reaction occurring to produce CO 2 , ethylene oxide polymer and smaller amounts of ethylene oxide. The thermal decomposition was also studied briefly between 150 and 500 °C; CO 2 and ethylene oxide were major products, apparently formed in a surface reaction. The photolysis of vinylene carbonate vapour around 220 – 240 nm at pressures from 1 to 5 Torr and a temperature of 60 °C gave CO and H 2 as the major products in a 3 to 1 ratio. Ketene and CO 2 were also observed in rather smaller yields. Mechanisms are discussed and absorption spectra are reported for both compounds.
Predictions from an anomalous U(1) model of Yukawa hierarchies

We present a supersymmetric standard model with three gauged Abelian symmetries of a type commonly found in superstrings. One is anomalous; the other two are ${E}_{6}$ family symmetries. It has a vacuum in which only these symmetries are broken by stringy effects. It reproduces all observed quark and charged lepton Yukawa hierarchies and the value of the Weinberg angle. It predicts three massive neutrinos, with mixing that can explain both the small angle MSW effect and the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. The Cabibbo angle is expressed in terms of the gauge couplings at unification. It conserves $R$ parity and proton decay is close to experimental bounds.
The Education of a Modern International Manager

This article is based upon a speech delivered by Mr. Jacques G. Maisonrouge, Senior Vice President, IBM Corporation, and Chairman of the Board, IBM World Trade Corporation, at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business, Washington, DC, on 28 October 1982 when he became the first recipient of the International Business Leader of the Year award and was elected an Honorary Member of the Fellows of the Academy of International Business.
Metallophosphoranes: Carbonyl substitution reactions and the X-ray crystal structure of cis-Cat2PMn(CO)4P(OPh)3 (Cat = benzodioxyl)

Abstract Cat 2 PMn(CO) 5 (1, cat = ) is found to undergo carbonyl substitution reactions with phosphorus donors to give the isolable products cat 2 PMn(CO) 4 L, where L = cis -PPh 3 ( 2 ); trans -PPh 3 ( 3 ); cis -P(OMe) 3 ( 4 ); and cis -P(OPh) 3 ( 5 ). No evidence for CO insertion into the pentacoordinate PMn bond is observed. The X-ray crystal structure of 5 shows that the crystals are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n . The unit cell parameters are: a 10.523(2), b 25.765(5), c 13.344(2) A, β 99.11(2)°, and Z = 4. Full matrix least squares refinement reached R = 0.054 for 3099 observed reflections. The pentacoordinate phosphorus adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramid geometry with the Mn in an equatorial position. Noteworthy is the small equatorial OPO angle of 110.1(2)°.
Why Should I Be Rational

Summary The prevalent view that a question expressed by the interrogative title must be absurd and in no need of a reasoned response (Geach, Peter Singer, Ayer) is rejected. Popper's contention that commitment to rationality (respect for reasons) has only an irrational basis is criticised. A preliminary attempt is made to resolve some genuine perplexities about the justification of rationality by invoking the notion of a “quasi-rationality” shared by human beings and other animals. Ah appendix on the metaphor of support is attached. Resume Ľauteur rejette ľopinion predominate selon laquelle la question contenue dans ce titre doit etre absurde et ne merite de ce fait aucune reponse raisonnee (Geach, Peter Singer, Ayer). Il critique ľaffimation de Popper que ľengagement en faveur de la rationalite (le respect pour des raisons) ait une base uniquement irrationnelle. Il tente un premier essai pour resoudre quelques perplexites quant a la justification de la rationalite en introduisant la notion de quasi-rationalite que partagent les etres humains et autres animaux. Suit un appendice sur la metaphore anglaise support. Zusammenfassung Der Verfasser verwirft die uberwiegende Auffassung, dass die im Titel aufgeworfene Frage absurd sein musse und keiner rationalen Antwort zuganglich sei (Geach, Peter Singer, Ayer). Er kritisiert auch Poppers Behauptung, dass Rationalitat (Anerkennung von Grunden) nur irrational begrundbar sei. Es wird versucht, einige echte Verlegenheitsmomente bei der Rechtfertigung von Rationalitat zu uberwinden, indem der von Menschen und Tieren geteilte Begriff einer Quasirationalitat eingefuhrt wird. In einem Appendix wird die Metapher der Stutzung erortert.
Giardia muris: Ultrastructural analysis of in vitro excystation

Abstract Giardia muris cysts were examined by transmission electron microscopy before treatment, after induction, and at timed intervals during the incubation phase of in vitro excystation. Untreated G. muris cysts had a thick cyst wall composed of a fibrous outer wall and a thin, electron-dense inner membrane which extended from the trophozoite plasma membrane. The cytoplasm was devoid of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and mitochondria. Numerous large vacuoles were present within the ectoplasm just beneath the plasma membrane in untreated cysts. Following induction these cysts lacked ectoplasmic vacuoles. Concurrently, numerous membrane bound vesicles were seen in the peritrophic space closely adhering to the surface of the trophozoite. These vesicles appear to be of cytoplasmic origin. The cytoplasm of fully excysted trophozoites lacked ectoplasmic vacuoles but displayed well-developed ribbons of microtubular bodies, probably precursors of ventral disk, lateral flange, and median bodies and also contained extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum. No more than two nuclei were observed within each organism. The earliest excysted organisms were observed 0–5 min after incubation had begun and most organisms had excysted within 10 min. Cytokinesis occurred only after excystation was complete.
Thermal conductivity of rigid foam insulations for aerospace vehicles

Abstract The present work describes measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of NCFI 24-124 foam, a spray-on foam insulation used formerly on the Space Shuttle external fuel tank. A novel apparatus to measure the effective thermal conductivity of rigid foam at temperatures ranging from 20 K to 300 K was developed and used to study three samples of NCFI 24-124 foam insulation. In preparation for measurement, the foam samples were either treated with a uniquely designed moisture absorption apparatus or different residual gases to study their impact on the effective thermal conductivity of the foam. The resulting data are compared to other measurements and mathematical models reported in the literature.
Relationships between residual defects and excess noise in ion-implanted MOSFETs

This paper describes the relationship between excess noise and residual defects of extremely low concentration ( 2 ambient for 20 minutes at various temperatures. For11B+-implanted MOSFETs a high residual defect concentration after annealing above 920° was observed near the band edges whereas the density of defects as a result of28Si+or31p+implantation after annealing was equal to that of control MOSFETs.
Blur identification and image restoration with the expectation-maximization algorithm

The iterative expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for identifying unknown blur, noise, and image parameters under Gaussian modeling assumptions is described. A new form of the equations updating parameter estimates is given, from which convergence conditions and symmetry properties of the parameter estimates are derived. The frequency domain resolution defined by the digital image is not appropriate for accurate parameter estimation. Instead, a version of the EM algorithm with frequency resolution appropriate for the blur point spread function (PSF) is proposed. Results are presented from a test of the reduced resolution algorithm, in which the importance of the initial PSF is studied.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On the singularity of taste sensations: what is a taste primary?

Abstract It is commonly accepted that there are four primary tastes. This conceptualization is notable for its simplicity and usefulness in guiding research and organizing data in the stimulus, receptor, neural and psychophysical aspects of taste. But however strongly defended or widely used, the concept of a primary taste remains undefined, especially in the psychophysical sense. The present research sets forth and tests one psychophysical defining property of a taste primary, that it should appear singular, and remain singular when mixed with other tastes; i.e., several singular tastes, when mixed, should remain separate and distinct. It is shown that mixtures are often judged to be as singular as their separate components, indicating synthesis of new tastes different from the components, and thus the existence of more than the few primary tastes.
Na sala de edição: “Mãe judia, 1964”, de Moacyr Scliar

In contemporary Brazil, efforts continue to conceal liabilities of crimes committed during the years of dictatorship and to alter or weaken the testimony of victims who have spoken out against their perpetrators. This article explores how the short story “Jewish mother, 1964” by Moacyr Scliar, under the guise of a coming-of-age story and a monologue of a mentally ill patient, sheds light on violent practices that, without leaving visible marks on the body, have incurred serious and longstanding wounds within Brazilian society. Readers are made to see how persuasion, trivialization, and silencing are complicit in the “normalizing” of recent and traumatic histories. If made recognizable, this silencing practice could directly be challenged.
Diameter dependent degradation of single walled carbon nanotubes

This study investigates the degradation of single walled carbon nanotubes via chemical method (3:1 ratio of sulfuric acid to nitric acid) and enzymatic method by Horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Two sets of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), pristine and carboxylated (functionalized) CNTs were used for degradation studies. Chemical degradation of CNTs was conducted using pristine CNTs whereas enzymatic degradation by HRP was conducted using both pristine and carboxylated CNTs. Chemical degradation of pristine CNTs was observed within one hour whereas enzymatic degradation of carboxylated CNTs was observed after 20 days. No observable degradation was noticed for enzymatic degradation of pristine CNTs. The CNT diameter dependence for degradation was studied using Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) of the Raman spectra for CNTs[1]. Three distinct RBM peaks corresponding to three different diameter CNTs were observed, i.e. the sample contained at least three different types of CNTs varying in diameter. It was observed that smaller and medium diameter CNTs were degraded more than the larger diameter CNTs via chemical degradation whereas a reverse trend of larger diameter CNTs being degraded was observed for enzymatic degradation.