cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 255: GRB7 – a novel target in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast tumors lack expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2, rendering them non-responsive to the most effective targeted therapies in breast cancer. These tumors are typically more aggressive than other breast cancer subtypes and, consequently, have a poor prognosis. In a clinical trial of triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines and taxanes, we and others have recently determined that high levels of GRB7 are predictive of tumor recurrence. GRB7 is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that interacts with receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins, transducing information to their downstream signaling cascades. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that triple-negative breast cancer cell lines are dependent on GRB7 for migration, invasion and colony formation in 3D culture. Using a highly specific peptide inhibitor (G7-18NATE), we found that the GRB7 inhibition significantly impaired each of these phenotypes in four triple-negative breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, HCC70 and T4-2. In addition, we have tested whether GRB7 inhibition may sensitize these cell lines to the chemotherapies used in the initial clinical trial. Combination treatment with G7-18NATE and doxorubicin or docetaxel resulted in cooperative cell growth inhibition in each of the four cell lines. Co-treatment lowered the IC40 of both chemotherapeutic agents, and it proved to be synergistic in all cases (Combination Index values These data implicate GRB7 as a key mediator of migration, invasion, colony growth and chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells and suggest that GRB7 itself, or GRB7-dependent pathways, may prove to be important targets therapeutic. This work was supported in part by Susan G. Komen for the Cure (KG091136). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 255. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-255
Risk analysis of natural hazards : interdisciplinary challenges and integrated solutions

Natural hazards can have a devastating impact on society. They cause billions of dollars of damage each year, kill thousands, and render millions homeless, and their frequency and severity are expected to increase with climate change. Although the source of damage from natural hazards may appear to be “natural,” in fact it results from complex interactions between the natural environment, human decisions about the built environment, and social vulnerability. This volume brings together leading minds in engineering, science, philosophy, law, and the social sciences to develop a deeper understanding of the interdisciplinary challenges involved in the mitigation of natural hazards.
Molecular Properties of Drugs Interacting with SLC22 Transporters OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, and OCT2: A Machine-Learning Approach

Statistical analysis was performed on physicochemical descriptors of ∼250 drugs known to interact with one or more SLC22 "drug" transporters (i.e., SLC22A6 or OAT1, SLC22A8 or OAT3, SLC22A1 or OCT1, and SLC22A2 or OCT2), followed by application of machine-learning methods and wet laboratory testing of novel predictions. In addition to molecular charge, organic anion transporters (OATs) were found to prefer interacting with planar structures, whereas organic cation transporters (OCTs) interact with more three-dimensional structures (i.e., greater SP3 character). Moreover, compared with OAT1 ligands, OAT3 ligands possess more acyclic tetravalent bonds and have a more zwitterionic/cationic character. In contrast, OCT1 and OCT2 ligands were not clearly distinquishable form one another by the methods employed. Multiple pharmacophore models were generated on the basis of the drugs and, consistent with the machine-learning analyses, one unique pharmacophore created from ligands of OAT3 possessed cationic properties similar to OCT ligands; this was confirmed by quantitative atomic property field analysis. Virtual screening with this pharmacophore, followed by transport assays, identified several cationic drugs that selectively interact with OAT3 but not OAT1. Although the present analysis may be somewhat limited by the need to rely largely on inhibition data for modeling, wet laboratory/in vitro transport studies, as well as analysis of drug/metabolite handling in Oat and Oct knockout animals, support the general validity of the approach-which can also be applied to other SLC and ATP binding cassette drug transporters. This may make it possible to predict the molecular properties of a drug or metabolite necessary for interaction with the transporter(s), thereby enabling better prediction of drug-drug interactions and drug-metabolite interactions. Furthermore, understanding the overlapping specificities of OATs and OCTs in the context of dynamic transporter tissue expression patterns should help predict net flux in a particular tissue of anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic molecules in normal and pathophysiological states.
A Study Space Analysis and Narrative Review of Trauma-Informed Mediators of Dating Violence

Research linking child maltreatment and dating violence in adolescence and emerging adulthood has proliferated in the past two decades; however, the precise mechanisms by which these experiences are related remain elusive. A trauma-informed perspective suggests four particularly promising mediators: maladaptive attachment, emotion regulation difficulties, emotional distress, and hostility. The current article characterizes the status of the empirical literature examining these four mediators using a study space analysis and a narrative review of existing research. An extensive literature search identified 42 papers (44 studies) that met the following criteria: (1) at least one measure of child maltreatment (emotional, physical, sexual, neglect, or exposure to intimate partner violence); (2) a measure of one of the four mediator variables; (3) a measure of dating violence perpetration or victimization; and (4) a sample of adolescents or young adults. The study space analysis suggested several important observations about the research on this topic, including a dearth of studies examining hostility as a mediator and little research using prospective designs or clinical samples. There are also limitations with the conceptualization and measurement of dating violence, child maltreatment, and some of the mediator variables. In addition, few studies examined more than one mediator variable in the same study. The narrative review suggested that maladaptive attachment (specifically insecure attachment styles), emotion regulation difficulties (specifically regulation of the emotion of anger), and emotional distress construed broadly represent promising mediators of the association between child maltreatment and dating violence, but conclusions about mediation must remain tentative given the state of the literature. The discussion offers recommendations for improved theoretical and empirical rigor to advance future research on mechanisms linking child maltreatment and dating violence.
Measured Head CT/CTA Skin Dose and Intensive Care Unit Patient Cumulative Exposure

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Estimates of cumulative CT/CTA radiation dose based on volumetric CT dose index have raised concern that neurological intensive care unit patient exposures may reach thresholds for deterministic skin injury. Because the accuracy of volumetric CT dose index for this purpose in unknown, we set out to directly measure head CT and CTA peak skin dose, assess the relationship of volumetric CT dose index to measured peak skin dose, and determine whether multiple CT/CTA exposures in typical patients in the neurological intensive care unit produce cumulative doses approaching or exceeding single-dose deterministic thresholds for skin injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study from 2011–2013, nanoDot optical stimulated luminescence dosimeters were used to measure head CT/CTA peak skin dose in 52 patients (28 female, 24 male; mean age, 63 years) divided equally between 2 CT scanners. Volumetric CT dose index and dose-length product were recorded for each examination. Peak skin dose was also measured on an acrylic skull phantom in each scanner. A 2-tailed, unpaired t test was used to compare mean patient skin doses between the 2 scanners. The measured peak skin doses were then used to calculate cumulative peak skin dose in 4 typical patients in intensive care units who received multiple CT/CTA scans. RESULTS: Head CT/CTA peak skin dose agreed between scanners in patients and phantoms: (scanner 1 CT/CTA: patients, 39.2 ± 3.7 mGy and 98.9 ± 5.3 mGy, respectively, versus phantom, 40.0 mGy and 105.4 mGy, respectively; scanner 2 CT/CTA: patients, 42.9 ± 9.4 mGy and 98.8 ± 7.4 mGy, respectively, versus phantom, 37.6 mGy and 95.2 mGy, respectively). Volumetric CT dose index overestimated peak skin dose by a factor of 1.4–1.9 depending on examination and CT scanner. Cumulative doses in 4 patients in the intensive care unit estimated from measured CT/CTA peak skin dose ranged from 1.9–4.5 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Directly measured radiation skin doses from head CT/CTA patient examinations are substantially lower than volumetric CT dose index. Measured peak skin dose confirms that multiple head CT/CTA examinations in representative patients in the neurological intensive care unit may produce cumulative doses exceeding the single-dose deterministic threshold for skin injury.
Leader Humor as an Interpersonal Resource: Integrating Three Theoretical Perspectives

We integrate theoretical perspectives on humor to test the processes through which leader humor (LH) facilitates subordinate organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). In doing so, we argue that humor is a key interpersonal resource for leaders and derive our comprehensive model with logic from three individual-resource-related theories—social exchange theory, conservation of resources theory, and broaden-and-build theory. Leader-triggered positive emotion and subsequent social exchange, operationalized as leader–member exchange (LMX), functioned as key sequential mechanisms mediating the relationship between LH and subordinate OCBs. LH induced positive emotion in subordinates, which fostered high-quality LMX and, in turn, OCBs. Contrary to expectations, the stress relief explanation of LH was not supported. This research contributes to knowledge of humor in organizations, and particularly LH, as it is the first to establish a link between LH and OCBs and also represents the first integration and concur...
Collaboration, conflict, and disconnect between psychologists and economists.

In PNAS, Bruine de Bruin and Fischhoff (1) describe two collaborations of psychologists and economists in which they made the central contributions by psychologists. In both cases, the objective was to design survey questions that measure in probabilistic terms the expectations that individuals hold for future events. They judged both collaborations successful. They offer four reasons: “( i ) having a shared research goal, which neither discipline could achieve on its own; ( ii ) finding common ground in shared methodology, which met each discipline’s essential evidentiary conditions, but without insisting on its culturally acquired tastes; ( iii ) sharing the effort throughout, with common language and sense of ownership; and ( iv ) gaining mutual benefit from both the research process and its products.” I was an economist collaborator on both projects. I agree with their positive assessment and with the reasons they cite. Readers may ask why an article recounting successful collaborations between psychologists and economists warrants publication in PNAS. After all, study of human behavior is a common core concern of both disciplines. Hence, one might expect that productive collaborative research would occur often. However, projects such as Bruine de Bruin and Fischhoff (1) describe have been rare, making their article noteworthy. Interactions between psychologists and economists have been marked more by conflict than by collaboration. Interactions of any kind have been less common than disconnect, with researchers in each discipline going their own way. Two factors may explain why conflict and disconnect rather than collaboration have characterized the relationship between psychologists and economists. First, researchers in these disciplines have largely distinct objectives. Second, they use largely distinct research methods. Psychologists view judgment and decision as subjects of intrinsic interest. They emphasize the commonalities that characterize behavior more than the differences that drive heterogeneity. With this orientation, they pose hypotheses that may broadly describe … [↵][1]1Email: cfmanski{at}northwestern.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Nurture trumps nature

Mutation-associated infections in one individual are prevented in relatives with the same mutation by a compensatory adaptive immune response.
Ab initio dynamics and photoionization mass spectrometry reveal ion–molecule pathways from ionized acetylene clusters to benzene cation

The growth mechanism of hydrocarbons in ionizing environments, such as the interstellar medium (ISM), and some combustion conditions remains incompletely understood. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and molecular beam vacuum-UV (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry experiments were performed to understand the ion-molecule growth mechanism of small acetylene clusters (up to hexamers). A dramatic dependence of product distribution on the ionization conditions is demonstrated experimentally and understood from simulations. The products change from reactive fragmentation products in a higher temperature, higher density gas regime toward a very cold collision-free cluster regime that is dominated by products whose empirical formula is (C2H2) n+, just like ionized acetylene clusters. The fragmentation products result from reactive ion-molecule collisions in a comparatively higher pressure and temperature regime followed by unimolecular decomposition. The isolated ionized clusters display rich dynamics that contain bonded C4H4+ and C6H6+ structures solvated with one or more neutral acetylene molecules. Such species contain large amounts (>2 eV) of excess internal energy. The role of the solvent acetylene molecules is to affect the barrier crossing dynamics in the potential energy surface (PES) between (C2H2)n+ isomers and provide evaporative cooling to dissipate the excess internal energy and stabilize products including the aromatic ring of the benzene cation. Formation of the benzene cation is demonstrated in AIMD simulations of acetylene clusters with n > 3, as well as other metastable C6H6+ isomers. These results suggest a path for aromatic ring formation in cold acetylene-rich environments such as parts of the ISM.
Moving the Earth

Galileo’s discoveries about motion formed a major part of a much larger development across all of the sciences, a development now known as the Scientific Revolution. In the study of the physical world, the science of motion, or mechanics, joined with the science of astronomy to form the basic approach to modern physics. Paralleling the revolution in mechanics, the revolution in astronomy involved an extremely difficult transition for most people from the common-sense view of the Universe in which the Earth is stationary at the center of the Universe to our current, more abstract, view that the Earth is actually spinning on its axis as it orbits around a star, our Sun, as the third planet. Since the Earth was now seen as a moving object, the revolution in mechanics helped to encourage the revolution in astronomy, and vice versa. This chapter looks at the parallel developments in astronomy, before turning to the causes of motion in the next chapter.
Sporadic Fundic Gland Polyps and Gastric Acid Suppression Level.

Abstract Background Fundic gland polyps (FGPs) are a common endoscopic finding and are known to be associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use. It is not known if their prevalence is affected by gastric acidity levels. This study aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between FGPs and gastric acidity levels as identified on 24-hour ambulatory impedance-pH studies in patients on PPI therapy. Methods We performed a review of 402 consecutive patients who take at least once daily PPI and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with combined impedance-pH studies in the same setting (time and place) between January 2010 and December 2014. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of biopsy-confirmed FGPs during endoscopy. Results Of the 402 patients, 30 (7%) had FGPs. One of these polyps was found with low-grade dysplasia. There was no significant difference of the distributions of the [H+] in the FGPs versus the nonpolyp groups (P = 0.741). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding PPI dose frequency regimens (once and twice) (P = 0.074). However, we found weak ordinal association with PPI duration (P = 0.01) (Spearman = 0.1). Conclusions FGPs are common endoscopic lesions. Incidence of dysplasia in FGPs is not only rare, but also of unknown clinical significance. Although they seem to be associated with PPIs, the mechanism remains unclear, as we found no correlation between the presence of FGPs and gastric acid control or PPI dose. Future studies would be useful to elucidate an alternate mechanism.
Biomarkers of Potential Harm: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop.

Introduction Since 2009, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) has had the authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products in order to reduce the death and disease caused by tobacco use. Biomarkers could play an important role across a number of FDA regulatory activities, including assessing new and modified risk tobacco products and identifying and evaluating potential product standards. Methods On April 4-5, 2016, FDA/CTP hosted a public workshop focused on biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) with participants from government, industry, academia, and other organizations. The workshop was divided into five sessions focused on: (1) overview of BOPH; (2) cardiovascular disease (CVD); (3) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); (4) cancer; and (5) new areas of research. Results and conclusions The deliberations from the workshop noted some promising BOPH but also highlighted the lack of systematic effort to identify BOPH that would have utility and validity for evaluating tobacco products. Research areas that could further strengthen the applicability of BOPH to tobacco regulatory science include the exploration of composite biomarkers as predictors of disease risk, "omics" biomarkers, and examining biomarkers using existing cohorts, surveys, and experimental studies. Implications This paper synthesizes the main findings from the 2016 FDA-sponsored workshop focused on BOPH and highlights research areas that could further strengthen the science around BOPH and their applicability to tobacco regulatory science.
Classification of objects in geosynchronous earth orbit via light curve analysis

Characterizing Resident Space Objects is necessary for the maintenance of Space Situational Awareness. Previous studies have shown that machine learning classifiers can be used to automatically characterize these objects using non-resolved photometric data in a simulated environment. In this study, we discuss the curation of a real dataset of Resident Space Objects, feature extraction for these objects, and show that a classification model can achieve adequate performance on real data.
Against All Odds or by Dint of Privilege? Happiness and Life Satisfaction Returns to College in America:

Health gains linked to a college degree appear to be contingent on childhood socioeconomic background, with disadvantaged individuals typically showing the greatest gains in physical health. Howeve...
Halothane reduces myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity during muscarinic receptor stimulation of airway smooth muscle

This study used a beta-escin-permeabilized canine tracheal smooth muscle preparation to test the hypothesis that the volatile anesthetic halothane decreases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity by inhibiti...
Chapter 5.1 – Federating Neuroscience Databases

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the federating neuroscience databases, such as information discovery, semantic heterogeneity resolution, and system-level interconnection. It focuses on support information sharing among databases based on the import/export paradigm, where a component database of a federation decides the portion of its database to be exported and offers the methods on how the information can be shared. Information sharing is achieved based upon the agreements between each pair of component databases in which the sharing is needed. This chapter describes the dynamic classificational ontology approach to the information discovery problem. It also outlines the spectrum of semantic heterogeneity and introduces the approach of meta-data implantation and stepwise evolution. It discusses the issues related to system-level interconnection and the characteristics of sharing patterns. The system architecture of the approach for sharing primitives/tools and the sharing scenario using neuroscience databases are outlined. The approach is based on the observations that it is practical to minimize the size and complexity of the ontology in order to keep the system scalable.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody–drug conjugate composed of the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody hP67.6 covalently linked to N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin dimethylhydrazide, a potent cytotoxic antibiotic. The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, represented by total hP67.6 antibody and unconjugated calicheamicin, in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia to support drug dosing strategies and explore intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may influence exposure. Pharmacokinetic data from seven previous phase I and II studies in adult patients with relapsed, refractory, or de novo acute myeloid leukemia were integrated and analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The pharmacokinetics of total hP67.6 antibody was described in 407 patients (5643 concentrations) who received gemtuzumab ozogamicin doses ranging from 0.25 to 9 mg/m2 using a two-compartment model with linear and time-dependent clearance components. The pharmacokinetics of unconjugated calicheamicin was characterized in 338 patients (4281 concentrations) using a two-compartment model with an input rate of formation dependent on the amount of hP67.6 eliminated. No statistically significant baseline covariates (sex, albumin, bone marrow, and peripheral blast percentage) demonstrated a clinically meaningful impact. Total hP67.6 antibody disposition did not appear altered in patients with mild or moderate renal disease or hepatic impairment. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin was approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2017. The model-based simulations described here provided a pharmacokinetic rationale for the approved dosing regimen of 3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, and 7, and served as the basis for all exposure–response modeling included in the recent Biologics License Application submission. Clinical trials identifiers: 0903A1-101-US; 0903A1-103-JA; 0903B1-201-US/CA (NCT00003131); 0903B1-202-EU; 0903B1-203-US/EU (NCT00003673); 0903B1-205-US/EU/AU (NCT00037596); and 0903B1-206-US/EU/AU (NCT00037583).
A Comparative Analysis of the Optimization and Generalization Property of Two-layer Neural Network and Random Feature Models Under Gradient Descent Dynamics

A fairly comprehensive analysis is presented for the gradient descent dynamics for training two-layer neural network models in the situation when the parameters in both layers are updated. General initialization schemes as well as general regimes for the network width and training data size are considered. In the over-parametrized regime, it is shown that gradient descent dynamics can achieve zero training loss exponentially fast regardless of the quality of the labels. In addition, it is proved that throughout the training process the functions represented by the neural network model are uniformly close to that of a kernel method. For general values of the network width and training data size, sharp estimates of the generalization error is established for target functions in the appropriate reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of the Alanyl Phosphonamidate Stereoisomers Derived from a Butyrophilin Ligand.

Aryloxy phosphonamidate derivatives of a butyrophilin 3A1 ligand are stimulants of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells. However, when bonded to an aryl ester and an amine, the phosphorus is stereogenic, and past compo...
Internalized Homophobia, Religious Affiliation, and Substance Use in Sexual Minority Women

Internalized homophobia (IH), defined by Meyer and Dean as “the gay person’s direction of negative social attitudes toward the self,” is a unique form of minority stress that affects the lesbian, g...
Optimization of reverse osmosis operational conditions to maximize ammonia removal from the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors can now produce effluent that meets regulatory standards for BOD, enabling energy recovery and use of the treated effluent for irrigation. RO treatment of this effluent can potentially enable recovery of potable water and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). In this study, we optimized the removal of TAN from the effluent of a staged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAF-MBR), a system that consists of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor and anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The SAF-MBR effluent was treated using an ESPA RO membrane. The result was a high-quality RO permeate that meets the typical potable water guidelines (≤1 mg N L−1). Hydraulic operating conditions (i.e., pressure and flux settings) did not affect TAN rejection efficiency, but pH had major impacts, due to changes in ammonium/ammonia speciation and membrane surface charge. At pH 6, the TAN rejection efficiency was optimal at 99.8%. For pH > 6, the passage of uncharged NH3 increased, decreasing TAN removal. For pH < 6, the membrane retained a progressively less negative (carboxylate) charge as the pH decreased, decreasing ammonium removal from the optimum and allowing increased passage of ammonium into the permeate. Our results suggest that an RO membrane having a lower isoelectric point (IEP) can enable higher TAN rejection efficiencies. A more concentrated RO retentate enables more efficient recovery of ammonia for reuse, and the energy required is less than the energy needed for biological removal of NH3 as N2 followed by synthesis of NH3 from N2 by the Haber–Bosch process. Further systems level research is needed to assess the energy intensity of different options for recovery and reuse of concentrated ammonia.
Disenfranchisement’s Effect on Turnout in a Weak Democracy: Haiti’s Presidential Elections, 2010-2015

I examine the effects of disenfranchisement on voter behavior in a country with weak democratic institutions. In 2010, the U.S. intervened in Haiti’s presidential election, advancing Michel Martelly over Jude Celestin, which disenfranchised Celestin’s supporters. To find the causal effect of the disenfranchisement on the next election’s turnout, I use Celestin’s 2010 vote share as a measure of the intensity of disenfranchisement in a difference-in-differences analysis. In areas where more voters were disenfranchised, turnout in the next election was significantly lower. The analysis suggests that the results are not driven by mean reversion or fraudulent voting but are indeed causal.
Randomized pilot study exploring an online pre-composed receptive music experience and a mindfulness-based intervention for hospice workers’ stress and professional quality of life

Abstract Work stress develops from interactions, job tasks, and heightened stressors. Hospice workers also have frequent death exposure, and manage patient/family dynamics. Prolonged stress can lead to burnout increasing absenteeism, health problems, costs, and turnover. Coping strategies provide tools to manage stress and burnout potential. A randomized, single session online study compared a receptive music experience and a mindfulness-based intervention for hospice workers’ stress and professional quality of life, using the Stress Overload Scale (SOS), and the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL). Thirteen patient care hospice workers engaged in either a pre-composed receptive music listening (PRM) experience (n = 9), or a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) (n = 4). Limited participation and unbalanced groups warranted comparison of means and standard deviations. Dependent t-tests showed PRM participants had minimal decreases in mean Stress Overload Scale (SOS) continuous scores, SOS personal vulnerability, and ProQOL for burnout and secondary traumatic stress. MBI participants had only a minimal decrease in SOS personal vulnerability and ProQOL secondary traumatic stress, with increases in other measures. Both groups had slight decreases in ProQOL compassion satisfaction. Outcomes are inconclusive regarding which condition was more effective for hospice workers’ stress and professional quality of life, with suggestion for repeated practice and dosage being a future consideration.
Large university with high COVID-19 incidence did not increase risk to non-student population

Large US colleges and universities that re-opened campuses in the fall of 2020 and the spring of 2021 experienced high per capita rates of COVID-19. Returns to campus were controversial because they posed a risk to the surrounding communities. A large university in Pennsylvania that returned to in-person instruction in the fall of 2020 and spring of 2021 reported high incidence of COVID-19 among students. However, the co-located non-student resident population in the county experienced fewer COVID-19 cases per capita than reported in neighboring counties. Activity patterns from mobile devices indicate that the non-student resident population near the university restricted their movements during the pandemic more than residents of neighboring counties. Preventing cases in student and non-student populations requires different, specifically targeted strategies.
How a Measurement You May Not Be Doing Can Improve Relay Operations Presented at the Texas A&M 74 th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers

Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC) discovered that even one seemingly small error could produce an 18.5% deviation in calculated zero sequence impedance value. The utility began measuring transmission line impedance to analyze different scenarios including underground cable sections, mutually coupled lines, and neighboring utility distribution lines. By comparing values from the collected field-tested impedance data, OUC and Leidos improved the 18.5% zero sequence impedance error between OUC’s CAPE model and actual transmission line field measurements. The error was corrected when the neutral conductor on an offset distribution line near the 230kV transmission line was modeled. This paper discusses how utilities can identify and measure assets that can impact their zero sequence impedance the most. Accurate data results in more effective relay operation, and overall improved relay settings. A conference attendee will take away a better understanding of the impact different parameters have on calculating zero sequence impedance and how to get an accurate zero sequence impedance in the models. Topics include how engineers can calculate zero sequence line impedance, determine the highest priority parameters, and using transmission modeling software to model a variety of parameters including standard tower designs, conductor types, temperature, and distribution lines. Many times, the distribution system is not accounted for even though it has a significant impact on zero sequence impedance.
Marital Status, Marital Transitions, and Sleep Quality in Mid to Late Life:

This study aimed to understand how marital status and marital transitions were related to sleep quality in mid to late life and whether these findings differed by gender. Data from 2,872 participan...
Anesthesiologist-related factors associated with risk-adjusted pediatric anesthesia-related cardiopulmonary arrest: a retrospective two level analysis.

BACKGROUND Pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest is an uncommon but catastrophic adverse event which has been, in a previous study, associated with anesthesiologist-related factors such as number of days per year providing pediatric anesthesia. We aimed to replicate this and assess other anesthesiologist-related risk factors for anesthesia-related cardiac arrest after adjusting for known underlying risk factors present in the case mix. METHODS We analyzed a large retrospectively collected patient cohort of anesthetics administered from 2006 to 2016 to children at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Three reviewers independently reviewed cardiac arrests and categorized whether they appeared to be related to anesthesia care. Anesthesiologist-related factors including academic rank, experience, recent case mix, and days per year delivering pediatric anesthesia were assessed for association with anesthesia-related cardiac arrest after adjustment for underlying case mix. RESULTS Cardiac arrest occurred in 240 of 109 775 anesthetics (incidence 22/10 000 anesthetics); 82 (7/10 000 anesthetics) were classified as anesthesia-related. In univariable analyses, anesthesia-related cardiac arrest was associated with age, (infants ≤180 days, p 2, p < .001) American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Emergency, (p = .0035) cardiac surgery, (p < .001) operating room location, (p = .0066) and resident/fellow supervision, (p = .009) but none of the anesthesiologist factors. Even after adjusting for age and American Society of Anesthesiologist Status, none of the anesthesiologist factors were associated with anesthesia-related cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS Case mix explained all associations between higher risk of pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest and anesthesiologist-related variables at our institution.
Proton fluctuations

We survey the utility of net baryon number fluctuations in a rapidity interval as a probe of baryon production in nuclear collisions.
Vaginal cancer

Carcinoma of the vagina is an uncommon gynecologic cancer in the United States and throughout the world. Carcinoma in situ of the vagina and very early stage invasive carcinoma of the vagina may be treated with surgery. However, the standard therapeutic intervention for patients with carcinoma of the vagina is radiation therapy. In early stage vaginal carcinoma, radiation therapy is chosen for definitive treatment to preserve the anatomy and function of the vagina. In more advanced stages of vaginal carcinoma, radiation therapy is chosen as the standard treatment to avoid exenterative surgery, preserve anatomy and function, and to treat known or presumed lymph node metastasis. No randomized studies comparing irradiation alone versus irradiation and chemotherapy have been performed for patients with advanced carcinoma of the vagina. The standard therapy for patients with advanced cervical carcinoma is irradiation and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Because the etiology and epidemiology of vaginal carcinoma appears identical to those of patients with invasive cervical carcinoma, patients with advanced vaginal carcinoma should be treated with irradiation and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Person Perception, Meet People Perception: Exploring the Social Vision of Groups.

Groups, teams, and collectives—people—are incredibly important to human behavior. People live in families, work in teams, and celebrate and mourn together in groups. Despite the huge variety of hum...
Multi-Robot Learning in a Cooperative Observation Task

An important need in multi-robot systems is the development of mechanisms that enable robot teams to autonomously generate cooperative behaviors. This paper first briefly presents the Cooperative Multi-robot Observation of Multiple Moving Targets (CMOMMT) application as a rich domain for studying the issues of multi-robot learning of new behaviors. We discuss the results of our hand-generated algorithm for CMOMMT, and then describe our research in generating multi-robot learning techniques for the CMOMMT application, comparing the results to the hand-generated solutions. Our results show that, while the learning approach performs better than random, naive approaches, much room still remains to match the results obtained from the hand-generated approach. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop techniques for multi-robot learning and adaptation that will generalize to cooperative robot applications in many domains, thus facilitating the practical use of multi-robot teams in a wide variety of real-world applications.
Juvenile Life Without Parole: An Antidote to Congress’s One-Way Criminal Law Ratchet?

In Graham v. Florida, the Supreme Court barred the imposition of life-without-parole sentences on individuals convicted of nonhomicide offenses committed before the age of eighteen. Graham is most notable, however, for what it does not do. Despite language theoretically broad enough to encompass all juveniles sentenced to life-without-parole, Graham’s holding is explicitly limited only to individuals convicted of nonhomicide crimes. By limiting its holding in this way, the Court declined to address the fates of the vast majority of juveniles - 93%, or more than 2,300 persons - who are serving life-without-without parole sentences for homicide.Far from ending the debate about the propriety and constitutionality of juvenile life-without-parole (“JLWOP”), Graham only intensified it. For JLWOP abolitionists, therefore, the critical question in the post-Graham legal landscape is how to extend Graham beyond the relatively limited context of nonhomicide crimes. In other words, what happens next? This article will seek to provide an answer. Neither the courts nor the states seem likely to, or capable of, extending Graham beyond its limited scope. This leaves Congress. Scant advocacy and scholarly attention has focused on the potential for Congressional action on the issue of JLWOP. Given Congress’s virtually non-existent history of “leniency legislation,” this is not at all surprising. Those familiar with the process and politics of federal criminal lawmaking have serious and legitimate cause to doubt federal legislation on JLWOP. This article, however, will argue there are significant reasons to believe JLWOP could buck the timeless “one-way ratchet” of federal criminal law legislation.Congress has already entered the JLWOP fray, but legislation that would condition federal funds on states’ abolition of JLWOP is stalled because of the same, considerable obstacles facing any Congressional attempt at leniency legislation. First, there is an entrenched political process bias against leniency legislation in Congress. This bias is grounded in the fear of appearing “soft on crime,” the notion - both real and perceived - that public opinion opposes leniency, and the vast inequalities in interest group power. Second, whether for political cover or out of legitimate Constitutional concern, federalism costs associated with federal intrusion into the states’ traditional control over crime and punishment disincentivize Congressional action. This article will use the issue of JLWOP to evaluate and respond to these classic obstacles to federal leniency legislation. The goal of the article is to highlight for criminal justice reformists the potential for Congress to pass leniency legislation and to illustrate to Congressmen that ending JLWOP will neither be political suicide nor sound the death knell of federalism as we know it. Such legislation, I argue, is what could come next, after Graham.
Tasking the “Self” in the Self-governance of Medicine

A fundamental fact of life is that people get sick and sustain injuries, and when they do, they need help. How did prehistoric societies deal with this reality? How did they “govern” the interactionbetweenthosewhowere ill or injuredandthose who tried to help them? It cannot have been long after humans began to live together that some way must have been found to differentiate between thosewhowere deemed to be effective “healers” and the rest of the group. It seems likely that some individuals gained favor by offering assistance to thosewhowere illor injured. If these“healers”were lucky, their “patients”survived;and if their luckheld, theymightwellhave convincedothers to believe in their healing powers. “Governing” that incipient relationship between the person who was ill or injured and the healer was likely a simple matter of believing (ie, trusting) that the healerswould do their best to alleviate whatever symptoms were evident. Over the course of human history, themeans at the healers’ disposal for helping those who are ill or injured have evolved remarkably, both throughcenturiesof empiricismand later throughmore scientific advances. As if to keep pace, the
Impact of Technology in Power-Grid-Induced Noise

Due to technology scaling, the trend for integrated circuits is towards higher power dissipation, higher frequency and lower supply voltages. As a result, the power supply current delivered through the on-chip power grid is increasing dramatically, which is recognized in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors as a difficult challenge. Early power grid design and the addition of decoupling capacitance have become crucially important to control power-grid-induced noise. We show analytical relationships and simulation results that highlight key relationships between noise and technology parameters. The results underline trends in noise based on current roadmap predictions and reinforce the importance of early planning of global power grids.
RETURN TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL AESEARCH, RESULTS FROM A COINTEGRATION MODEL

Abstract This study examines the returns to U.S. agricultural research investments for the years 1930 through 1990 using a cointegration model. Time series data on agricultural productivity, public and private research investments, farmers’ education, terms of trade, and commodity programs were found to be nonstationary and cointegrated. The estimated internal rates of return are 27 percent for public research and 6 percent for private research. These estimates from the most comprehensive and timely data assembled to date indicate that returns to public agricultural research compare favorably to real returns on alternative long-run investments, but do not call for large increases in investments suggested by previous studies or for the drop in public research expenditures appropriated by the U.S. Congress in recent years.
Advanced Standing and Two-Year Program MSW Students: An Empirical Investigation of Foundation Interviewing Skills

Abstract Fifteen advanced standing and 23 two-year program Master of Social Work (MSW) students interviewed a simulated client. Blind raters working from videotapes of these interviews reliably evaluated the students' use of three core interviewing skills: Facilitation, Questioning/Clarification, and Support/Empathy. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of students on these skills. These results support the Council on Social Work Education policy of offering advanced standing to graduates of accredited Bachelor of Social Work programs.
Recent measurements and inferences of drop shapes in rain from 2D-video disdrometer and polarimetric radar

Two events with contrasting drop fall velocity versus drop shape characteristics are discussed. The events were captured by two collocated 2D video disdrometers, as well as a C-band polarimetric radar, 15 km away. Contoured images of the drops as well as their fall velocities from the disdrometer measurements, together with the analysis of simultaneously recorded radar observations, point towards the possibility of mixed mode drop oscillations including the horizontal mode occurring for the second event. The first event --which occurred 7 days prior-did not show any unusual characteristics, and represents the majority of the recorded events. Results are presented and discussed.
A Review of “The Moment: Barack Obama, Jeremiah Wright, and the Firestorm at Trinity United Church of Christ”

Carl Grant and Shelby Grant draw the reader into this historical “Moment” in the style of great fiction. However, this is not fiction. This narrative speaks to the lives and souls of a Black commun...
Therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of Huntington's disease: treating the whole body.

Huntington?s disease (HD) is a tremendously debilitating disorder that strikes relatively young individuals and progresses rapidly over the next ten to fifteen years inducing a loss of cognitive and motor skills and eventually death occurs. The primary locus of the disorder is a polyglutamine expansion of the protein product of the huntingtin (htt) gene. The htt protein appears to be a scaffolding protein that orchestrates the complex assembly of multiple intracellular proteins involved in multiple processes, including vesicular movement and cell metabolism. The htt protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues but the predominance of the interest in the pathology lies in its effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Most of the current therapeutics for HD thus have been targeted at preventing neuronal damage in the CNS, however, a considerable body of evidence has been accumulating to suggest that the maintenance of a healthy nervous system is tightly linked with peripheral physiological health. Therefore treatment of both the peripheral and central pathophysiologies of HD could form the basis of a more effective HD therapeutic strategy. Huntington?s disease (HD) is a tremendously debilitating disorder that strikes relatively young individuals and progresses rapidly over the next ten to fifteen years inducing a loss of cognitive and motor skills and eventually death occurs. The primary locus of the disorder is a polyglutamine expansion of the protein product of the huntingtin (htt) gene. The htt protein appears to be a scaffolding protein that orchestrates the complex assembly of multiple intracellular proteins involved in multiple processes, including vesicular movement and cell metabolism. The htt protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues but the predominance of the interest in the pathology lies in its effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Most of the current therapeutics for HD thus have been targeted at preventing neuronal damage in the CNS, however, a considerable body of evidence has been accumulating to suggest that the maintenance of a healthy nervous system is tightly linked with peripheral physiological health. Therefore treatment of both the peripheral and central pathophysiologies of HD could form the basis of a more effective HD therapeutic strategy.
The active use of grammar in speech perception

Judgments of the location of short bursts of noise in sentences were used to reveal perceptual segmentation of sentences. It was assumed that segmentation would correspond to major constituent boundaries. In order to control for correlated variables of pitch and intonation, identical acoustic material was provided with alternate constituent structures. It was found that differences in response to identical strings were predicted by the points of variation in constituent structure.