cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is composed of the cricopharyngeus (CP), thyropharyngeus (TP; inferior pharyngeal constrictor [IPC] in humans), and cranial cervical esophagus. All 3 muscles may at times function to maintain tone in the UES, but only the CP contracts and relaxes in all physiologic states consistent with the UES. The CP is a striated muscle composed of variable-sized small (25-35 microm) muscle fibers that are primarily type I (slow twitch), highly oxidative, and contain abundant (40%) endomysial elastic connective tissue. The fibers may attach to the connective tissue framework, forming a muscular net. In humans and rats, but not other animals, the CP has no median raphe. The optimum length of the CP for development of active tension is about 1.7 times resting length; therefore, in some respects the CP acts more like cardiac than striated muscle. A passive tone in the CP is present and increases through all degrees of stretch. The high compliance of the CP allows it to be opened by distraction of other muscles (e.g., geniohyoideus) or increased intraluminal pressure. The CP is innervated by branches of the vagus nerves: pharyngoesophageal (PE), superior laryngeal (SLN), and recurrent laryngeal (RLN); glossopharyngeal (GPN); and cervical sympathetics. Only the PE and SLN provide motor fibers to the CP. The GLN may be sensory; the sympathetics may innervate the mucosa, blood vessels, and glands; but no functional innervation by the RLN has been identified. Parasympathetic ganglia and various peptides (galanin, cGRP, VIP, neuropeptide Y, substance P, tyrosine hydroxylase) have been found in the CP, but their role in control of the CP is unknown. The motoneurons of the CP are found in the nucleus ambiguus, and the innervation is ipsilateral for animal species in which the CP has a median raphe. These motoneurons are topographically organized with other pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles and the striated muscle esophagus. Pharyngeal motoneurons often have a respiratory rhythm, but not a spontaneous background discharge. Therefore, the CP motoneurons may not generate CP tone. Various reflexes control the tone of the CP. Distension of the esophagus causes contraction of the CP and UES, which is mediated by a vago-vagal reflex. Pressure on the pharyngeal mucosa contracts the CP and UES and is mediated by a glossopharyngo-vagal reflex. Inflation of the lungs causes contraction of the CP and UES, which is mediated by a vago-vagal reflex. The pharyngo-UES and pulmonary-UES reflexes may generate the respiratory rhythm often observed on UES pressure or electromyographic activity. The UES or CP also contracts with arousal or with changes in posture. All of these reflexes and responses and the passive elastic properties of the CP may contribute to the generation of tone in the CP and UES.
Status of P2Y12 treatment must be considered in evaluation of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury.

We noted with interest the recent publication by the ESC Working Group on pre-clinical assessment of novel cardioprotective therapies.1 Because of the nearly three decades of experimental work which has not yet yielded a single intervention that has been demonstrated to diminish the amount of infarcting myocardium following ischaemia/reperfusion in patients, it is necessary to critically examine the available data to determine where there might be roadblocks. Lecour …
IMPLICATIONS OF PHENOTHIAZINE SIDE EFFECTS: A STUDY OF ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS IN AN OLDER POPULATION

A study of anti-Parkinsonism agents in prolonged phenothiazine therapy seeks to clarify some anecdotal misconceptions. Antiparkinsonian agents do not appear to affect the therapeutic efficiency of phenothiazines, nor does using them on a "demand" basis increase the problems of control of parkinsonian side effects. Older patients, however, appear to require the extended usage of antiparkinsonian agents rather more than some studies would suggest. Sustained release antiparkinsonian agents may yet further simplify the management of schizophrenia.
Spectral element spatial discretization error in solving highly anisotropic heat conduction equation

This paper describes a study of the effects of the overall spatial resolution, polynomial degree and computational grid directionality on the accuracy of numerical solutions of a highly anisotropic thermal diffusion equation using the spectral element spatial discretization method. The high-order spectral element macroscopic modeling code SEL/HiFi has been used to explore the parameter space. It is shown that for a given number of spatial degrees of freedom, increasing polynomial degree while reducing the number of elements results in exponential reduction of the numerical error. The alignment of the grid with the direction of anisotropy is shown to further improve the accuracy of the solution. These effects are qualitatively explained and numerically quantified in 2- and 3-dimensional calculations with straight and curved anisotropy.
Defining code-injection attacks

This paper shows that existing definitions of code-injection attacks (e.g., SQL-injection attacks) are flawed. The flaws make it possible for attackers to circumvent existing mechanisms, by supplying code-injecting inputs that are not recognized as such. The flaws also make it possible for benign inputs to be treated as attacks. After describing these flaws in conventional definitions of code-injection attacks, this paper proposes a new definition, which is based on whether the symbols input to an application get used as (normal-form) values in the application's output. Because values are already fully evaluated, they cannot be considered "code" when injected. This simple new definition of code-injection attacks avoids the problems of existing definitions, improves our understanding of how and when such attacks occur, and enables us to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanisms for mitigating such attacks.
Compact, low insertion loss, sharp rejection wideband bandpass filters using dual-mode ring resonators with tuning stubs

Novel wideband bandpass filters using dual-mode ring resonators with orthogonal direct-connected feed lines and tuning stubs are developed. The tuning stubs act as series resonators and provide sharp rejections for the filters. Also, a perturbation stub in each ring influences the fields of the ring resonators and generates a dual mode to extend the stop bands of the filters. The simulated and measured results agree well. This novel bandpass filter has advantages of compact size, low insertion loss, and sharp rejection.
Allometric scaling of wall shear stress from mice to humans: quantification using cine phase-contrast MRI and computational fluid dynamics

Allometric scaling laws relate structure or function between species of vastly different sizes. They have rarely been derived for hemodynamic parameters known to affect the cardiovascular system, e.g., wall shear stress (WSS). This work describes noninvasive methods to quantify and determine a scaling law for WSS. Geometry and blood flow velocities in the infrarenal aorta of mice and rats under isoflurane anesthesia were quantified using two-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging at 4.7 tesla. Three-dimensional models constructed from anatomic data were discretized and used for computational fluid dynamic simulations using phase-contrast velocity imaging data as inlet boundary conditions. WSS was calculated along the infrarenal aorta and compared between species to formulate an allometric equation for WSS. Mean WSS along the infrarenal aorta was significantly greater in mice and rats compared with humans (87.6, 70.5, and 4.8 dyn/cm(2), P < 0.01), and a scaling exponent of -0.38 (R(2) = 0.92) was determined. Manipulation of the murine genome has made small animal models standard surrogates for better understanding the healthy and diseased human cardiovascular system. It has therefore become increasingly important to understand how results scale from mouse to human. This noninvasive methodology provides the opportunity to serially quantify changes in WSS during disease progression and/or therapeutic intervention.
The delayed diastolic murmur associated with ventricular ectopic beats. Phonocardiographic studies

Abstract By a delayed diastolic murmur is meant a murmur that cannot come at its usual time in diastole because of the occurrence of ventricular ectopic beats. Therefore, the murmur is delayed until the diastolic phase of the extrasystole. This delayed murmur is usually not recognized because it comes so long after the normal beat, and the sounds are associated with the ectopic beat itself. Phonocardiograms were made to illustrate this point in both mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation. The possibility that such delayed diastolic murmurs may also be associated with lesions of the right side of the heart is suggested.
Un-terminated frequency response measurements and model order reduction for black-box terminal characterization models

Black-box terminal characterization models are constructed from "un-terminated" frequency response functions (FRF) measured at the converter terminals without requiring explicit knowledge of any of the converter parameters; however to some extent, these measurements are always coupled with the source and load dynamics which reduces the fidelity of the final models obtained. This paper analyzes this problem and proposes a methodology to obtain un-terminated FRFs for dc-dc converters in the presence of source and load coupled FRF measurements. Furthermore, it presents a model order reduction technique to enable the simulation of dc distributed power systems with a large number of converters, applied to the calculated un-terminated FRFs that constitute the black-box models in question. Experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis and the high accuracy obtained with the black-box models built.
The pathology of sudden cardiac death in patients with ischemic heart disease—arrhythmology for anatomic pathologists

The goal of this review is to help anatomic pathologists interpret the significance of pathologic changes in the hearts of patients with coronary artery disease who died suddenly of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. Attention is focused on dynamic interactions between triggering events, such as acute ischemia, and stable anatomic substrates of arrhythmias, such as healed myocardial infarcts. A basic knowledge of arrhythmia mechanisms is necessary to understand the role of pathologic anatomy in the pathophysiology of sudden death.
SAUCES: a sensitivity analysis program for analog circuit design

The SAUCES (Sensitivity Analysis Using Circuit Elements in Symbolic format) program is described. SAUCES computes the sensitivity of an analog circuit either symbolically or numerically by utilizing the results from symbolic circuit analysis. A simple method to drive the sensitivity of a symbolic circuit transfer function with respect to each circuit element is presented. A method to derive the sensitivity of zeros and poles symbolically for the circuit transfer function is also presented. The advantages of the symbolic representation of the pole and zero sensitivity are discussed. An example is used to show how SAUCES can be used to improve circuit design. >
Scaling effects in a micromachined electrical field-flow fractionation (/spl mu/-EFFF) system with integrated detector

This work examines scaling effects in a miniaturized electrical field-flow fractionation (/spl mu/-EFFF) system with an integrated electrical detection scheme and presents a new electrical model for operation of the system. Critical parameters in the /spl mu/-EFFF system are examined including the electrical time constant, retention, plate heights, and resolution. This work is significant since it increases the theoretical understanding of EFFF, a powerful system used in the separation and analysis of colloids, emulsions, and other suspensions, and validates the theory with experiment. Biological particles testable using EFFF include proteins, DNA, liposomes, organelles, viruses, and polymers for use in biochemistry, cell biology, bioengineering, and pharmaceutics. EFFF uses an electric field perpendicular to the separation direction to separate particles based on size and charge.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis near Active Zones in Snake Motor Boutons

We have used the activity-dependent probe FM1-43 with electron microscopy (EM) to examine endocytosis at the vertebrate nerve–muscle synapse. Preparations were fixed after very brief neural stimulation at reduced temperature, and internalized FM1-43 was photoconverted into an electron-dense reaction product. To locate the reaction product, we reconstructed computer renderings of individual terminal boutons from serial EM sections. Most of the reaction product was seen in 40–60 nm vesicles. All of the labeled vesicles were clathrin-coated, and 92% of them were located within 300 nm of the plasma membrane, suggesting that they had undergone little processing after retrieval from their endocytic sites. The vesicles (and by inference the sites) were not dispersed randomly near the plane of the membrane but instead were clustered significantly near active zones. Additional reaction product was found within putative macropinosomes; these appeared to form from deep membrane invaginations near active zones. Thus two mechanisms of endocytosis were evident after brief stimulation. Endocytosis near active zones is consistent with the existence of local exo/endocytic cycling pools. This mechanism also might serve to maintain alignment of active zones with postsynaptic folds during periods of activity when vesicular and plasma membranes are interchanged.
An Electronic Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Surveillance Tool

Objective.To develop and validate an electronic surveillance tool for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.413-bed university-affiliated urban teaching hospital.Methods.An electronic surveillance tool was developed for CAUTI and urinary catheter utilization based on the objective components of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions including fever, urinalysis, and urine culture. Results were compared to manual chart review by an infection preventionist (IP).Results.During January and February 2010, 204 positive urine cultures (≥103 colony-forming units/mL) were identified in 136 patients with indwelling urinary catheters during their hospitalization. The electronic surveillance tool detected 60 CAUTI cases and 7,098 catheter-days, yielding a CAUTI incidence rate of 8.5 per 1,000 catheter-days. Urinary catheter utilization ratios (Foley-days/patient-days) were: acute care units, 0.27 (3,637 of 13,229); intensive care units, 0.77 (3,461 of 4,469); and overall, 0.40 (7,098 of 17,698). In comparison, the IP identified 59 cases by manual review with a sensitivity of 51 of 59 (86.4%), specificity 136 of 145 (93.8%), and negative predictive value of 136 of 144 (94.4%). Fever was present in 54 of 59 (91.5%) of CAUTI cases identified manually, while subjective criteria were documented in only 6 of 59 (10.2%) infections. Agreement between the electronic surveillance and manual IP review was assessed as very good (k, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.89).Conclusions.We report an attempt at automating surveillance for CAUTI. With a high negative predictive value, the electronic tool allows for more efficient CAUTI surveillance and facilitates housewide trending of rates and catheter utilization. This approach should be validated in different patient populations.
Derivation and application of hard deadlines for real-time control systems

A method for calculating the hard deadlines in linear time-invariant control systems by considering system stability and the allowed state-space is presented. To derive necessary conditions for asymptotic system stability, the state difference equation is modified based on an assumed maximum delay and the probability distribution of delays whose magnitudes are less than, or equal to, the assumed maximum delay. The allowed state-space-which is derived from given input and state constraints-is used to calculate the hard deadline as a function of time and the system state. A one-shot delay model in which a single event causes a dynamic failure is considered. The knowledge of hard deadline is applied to the design of error recovery in a triple modular redundant controller computer. >
A simplified tuning algorithm for FIR digital filters using subband decomposition

Simplifying methods for tuning the frequency response of FIR digital filters realized using the structural subband decomposition are described. Based on numerous optimal filter designs, a linear approximation for the filter coefficients as a function of the cutoff frequency has been derived. In many cases, a number of filter coefficients can be replaced with zero values without significantly altering the frequency response characteristics. The frequency response of the filters are variable within narrow frequency ranges around the nominal cutoff frequency. The proposed methods do not change the filter length since the filter coefficients are directly controlled. >
An analytical study of the discrete perfectly matched layer for the time-domain Maxwell equations in cylindrical coordinates

We present an analysis of the perfectly matched layer in cylindrical coordinates discretized with a staggered second-order accurate finite difference time domain method. For fixed discretization parameters, layer width, and a quadratic loss function, we find the numerical reflection produced by the discrete layer is accurately predicted by the infinite resolution reflection coefficient for /spl sigma//sub max//spl isin/[0,/spl sigma//sub max//sup c/], where /spl sigma//sub max/ is the maximum value of the absorption parameter in the layer. We also find that the finite resolution reflection coefficient achieves its minimum value at a /spl sigma//sup m//sub max/>/spl sigma//sub max//sup c/. Numerical experiments validate the analysis.
Studies of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Low-k ILD Materials by X-Ray Reflectivity

The electrical and mechanical properties of low-k dielectric materials have received a great deal of attention in recent years; however, measurements of thermal properties such as the coefficient of thermal expansion remain minimal. This absence of data is due in part to the limited number of experimental techniques capable of measuring this parameter. Even when data does exist, it has generally not been collected on samples of a thickness relevant to current and future integrated processes. We present a procedure for using x-ray reflectivity to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion of sub-micron dielectric thin films. In particular, we elucidate the thin film mechanics required to extract this parameter for a supported film as opposed to a free-standing film. Results of measurements for a series of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited and spin-on low-k dielectric thin films will be provided and compared.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE NIHOA AND LAYSAN MILLERBIRDS

Abstract The Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris) is an endemic Northwestern Hawaiian Islands reed warbler that existed until about 1923 on Laysan Island (A. f. familiaris) and currently occurs in a small population on Nihoa Island (A. f. kingi). The two populations are described as separate subspecies or species on the basis of size and plumage differences. We assessed genetic variation in blood samples from 15 individuals in the modern Nihoa population using approximately 3000 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and 14 microsatellite loci. We also obtained up to 1028 bp of mtDNA sequence from the fragmented DNA of museum specimens of three birds collected on Nihoa in 1923 and five birds collected on Laysan in 1902 and 1911 (ancient samples). Genetic variation in both marker types was extremely low in the modern Nihoa population (nucleotide diversity [π] = 0.00005 for mtDNA sequences; observed heterozygosity was 7.2% for the microsatellite loci). In contrast, we found three mtDNA hapl...
Norm-Referenced Measurement

The number of test questions correctly answered can seldom be interpreted in an absolute sense. Norms – the distribution of scores of some well-defined group of examinees, such as a representative national sample of students – provide a meaningful context for interpreting test scores. Even criterion-referenced score interpretations, often thought to make no use of norms, are based on underlying normative judgments about what constitutes adequate performance. Batteries of standardized tests that are norm referenced can not only provide information on students' educational development but also estimate relative strengths and weaknesses in different content areas. Such comparisons are almost impossible without norms.
Practical Valves and Pumps for Large-Scale Integration into Microfluidic Analysis Devices

Pneumatically-actuated elastomer membrane valves and pumps for practical large-scale integration into glass μTAS devices are fabricated and characterized. The valves and pumps reliably manipulate nanoliter-scale volumes of fluid, introduce low dead volumes into the microfluidic system, and are compatible with a wide range of device chemistries. The integrated pneumatic manifold and practical microfabrication process facilitate the production and use of high-density arrays of the valves and pumps.
2006 Nuclear Medicine Technologist Certification Board salary survey results.

The Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board (NMTCB) conducted a national salary survey in the summer of 2006. Surveys were mailed out to all 18,304 NMTCB certificants working in the United States and 5,690 of those surveys were returned, yielding an excellent response rate of 31%.
Toward Predictive Multiscale Modeling of Vascular Tumor Growth: Computational and Experimental Oncology for Tumor Prediction

New directions in medical and biomedical sciences have gradually emerged over recent years that will change the way diseases are diagnosed and treated and are leading to the redirection of medicine toward patient-specific treatments. We refer to these new approaches for studying biomedical systems as predictive medicine, a new version of medical science that involves the use of advanced computer models of biomedical phenomena, high-performance computing, new experimental methods for model data calibration, modern imaging technologies, cutting-edge numerical algorithms for treating large stochastic systems, modern methods for model selection, calibration, validation, verification, and uncertainty quantification, and new approaches for drug design and delivery, all based on predictive models. The methodologies are designed to study events at multiple scales, from genetic data, to sub-cellular signaling mechanisms, to cell interactions, to tissue physics and chemistry, to organs in living human subjects. The present document surveys work on the development and implementation of predictive models of vascular tumor growth, covering aspects of what might be called modeling-and-experimentally based computational oncology. The work described is that of a multi-institutional team, centered at ICES with strong participation by members at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas at San Antonio. This exposition covers topics on signaling models, cell and cell-interaction models, tissue models based on multi-species mixture theories, models of angiogenesis, and beginning work of drug effects. A number of new parallel computer codes for implementing finite-element methods, multi-level Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling methods, data classification methods, stochastic PDE solvers, statistical inverse algorithms for model calibration and validation, models of events at different spatial and temporal scales is presented. Importantly, new methods for model selection in the presence of uncertainties fundamental to predictive medical science, are described which are based on the notion of Bayesian model plausibilities. Also, as part of this general approach, new codes for determining the sensitivity of model outputs to variations in model parameters are described that provide a basis for assessing the importance of model parameters and controlling and reducing the number of relevant model parameters. Model specific data is to be accessible through careful and model-specific platforms in the Tumor Engineering Laboratory. We describe parallel computer platforms on which large-scale calculations are run as well as specific time-marching algorithms needed to treat stiff systems encountered in some phase-field mixture models. We also cover new non-invasive imaging and data classification methods that provide in vivo data for model validation. The study concludes with a brief discussion of future work and open challenges.
Podaxis Pistillaris. II

A former paper on Podaxis 1 by the writer concluded with the hope that the relationships of this genus would yet be fully worked out. This hope is in course of realization. Very young material from the Colorado Desert was supplied by E. V. C. Northrop, El Centro, Calif., to both Fischer and Brasfield who agreed that very early stages of Podaxis and Secotium 2 are similar. Brasfield found that in Secotium the hymenium consists of closely compacted basidia which cover the surface of crumpled gills, whereas the writer found in Podaxis that the gleba develops into capillitium, basidia, and variable spores, with no suggestion of lamellae; furthermore, Secotium has no capillitium. The classifications of Podaxis and Secotium made by Brasfield and Fisher are quite different; the former places them together in Secotiaceae in Hymenogastrales. In Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Vol. 7a, 1933, Fischer makes a separate " Unterreihe " for Podaxis-Podaxineae-to include two families in equal rank, Podaxaceae and Secotiaceae-Podaxis being the sole representative in its family. The writer favors Fischer's disposition of this genus. The powdery gleba of Podaxis at maturity points to relationship with Lycoperdaceae proposed by Lloyd and accepted by Clements and Shear. The phylogenetic position of Podaxis still remains in doubt, as in the time of de Bary (1887), although some progress has been made towards its determination.
Analysis on Monitoring Results of Disinfection Quality in Public Kindergartens of Hebei District of Tianjin from 2012 to 2014

Objective To comprehensive monitoring the disinfection quality in Public Kindergartens of Hebei District of Tianjin.,explore the reasons and put forward the improvement suggestions.Methods According to DB12/T 447-2011.GB14934- 94 and GB/T18204- 2000.Results There were 710 samples of disinfection quality test in nurseries in Hebei District from 2012 to 2014 and 507 passed.the average passing rate being 71.41%:the annual average passing rate were respectivel 74.50%,67.65%and75.29%,decreasing by year.Insignificant differences were observed among the average passing rates in the last three years(x~2=4.549,P0.05).As to the tests of diferent projects,The air had the lowest average passing rate(47.89%):the average passing rates of catering appliances,the ultraviolet lamp.surface of objects,workers' hands were respectively99.30%,52.82%,73.94%and83.10%,with significant diferences(P 0.001).Conclusion The disinfection quality should be taken into attentions and improved,thus we ought to take measures and protect children health.
Penile Erections Complicating Transurethral Surgery

AbstractPenile erection following anesthesia for transurethral surgery is an infrequent occurrence of unclear etiology. We report 3 such cases, including 1 patient who required 3 trips to the operating room and 7 separate anesthetics before transurethral resection of the prostate was accomplished. The possible mechanism and management of this problem, including the use of ketamine, postponing the surgical procedure and/or perineal urethrostomy, are discussed.
The Ethics of Serving Two Masters: An Engineer's Dilemma

The question posed is Does the engineer serve two masters——the employer and the public welfare? Through analogies of the decision making process to common everday problems and a look at the alternative of a one-sided ideology, it is reasoned that every engineer must indeed serve two masters in his unique role as builder and businessman. To approach the resolution of this dilemma in cases of a conflict of interest, a strategy is suggested which includes an improvement in education, a revision of the Code of Ethics, and a fostering of professionalism through registration and involvement in peer societies. Ethics must necessarily be the concern of all engineers at all levels as an essential component in developing the honesty, dignity, and character expected in a profession relied on so heavily by society.
Adaptive non-Bayesian state estimation

This paper presents an adaptive retrospective cost state estimation (RCSE) algorithm that uses no knowledge of the statistics of the process and measurement noise. To demonstrate the method, we investigate three cases for comparison with the Kalman filter, namely, known dynamics with known noise statistics, uncertain dynamics with known noise statistics, and uncertain dynamics with uncertain noise statistics. For numerical illustration, we apply RCSE to a damped oscillator, a damped rigid body, and a lateral aircraft model.
Introduction: A Vehement Flame

W hether holding her baby in her arms, standing alone near the cross or altar, or appearing in glory crowned with stars in heaven, the image of the Virgin Mary is widespread and immediately recognizable, even by many outside the Christian fold. Mary is invoked with reverence in a host of liturgies, spiritual writings, theological reflections, and literary studies, and her image is the object of devotions in a wide range of places, from private altars to public spaces, from natural grottoes to roadside shrines. Not only is she revered as one of the few women mentioned in the Qur'an, she is also increasingly invoked as a source of inspiration in the spiritual practices of other faiths, including Buddhism, Hinduism and a number of alternative spiritual formations and new religions as well. The parameters that govern the appearances of this figure in world religion are not, however, always very clear, nor is its meaning without problems and paradoxes. Praised in the gospels as a faithful daughter of Zion, Mary is a highly contentious figure, to say the least, in Judaism, and while shebecomes in Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, the symbol par excellence of institutional high-church Christianity, Protestants have until recently largely downplayed her role. She is indeed celebrated in the Qur'an for her purity and her virginal conception of Jesus, yet the very basis on which she is there revered differs profoundly from that in Christianity, and in the history of Islam and its interactions with the West her role has been complex, sometimes unifying and sometimes highly divisive.
Abstract 4207: microPET/CT imaging of the mobilization of CD11b+ cells

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Objectives: Mobilization of immune cells is often associated with prognosis and treatment response for many diseases. The objective of this study was to test whether mobilization of CD11b+ myeloid cells could be noninvasively imaged by PET/CT. Methods: Anti-mouse CD11b antibody was labeled with 64Cu. Immunocompetent mice with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced acute inflammation in the ears, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the lung, mice bearing 3 different syngeneic murine tumors (4T1 mammary carcinoma, CMS4 sarcoma, and CT26 colon carcinoma), and mice bearing ID8 ovarian cancer undergoing photothermal therapy were imaged with [64Cu]-labeled anti-CD11b. microPET-CT imaging and biodistribution were obtained at 24 h after intravenous injection of the radiotracer. Subpopulations of bone marrow cells, cells from spleen, and cells from the disease sites were analyzed by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results: 64Cu-labeled anti-CD11b bound specifically to CD11b+ myeloid cells. microPET-CT images showed significantly higher uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b antibody at the inflammatory sites and tumors undergoing photothermal therapy. In addition, microPET-CT images also revealed mobilization of CD11b+ cells from bone marrow to secondary lymphoid organs (spleen and/or lymph nodes). Interestingly, mice bearing 4T1 carcinoma displayed a markedly different imaging/distribution pattern compared to mice bearing CMS4 and CT26 tumors, characterized by a significant increase in blood pool and liver activities with corresponding reduction in the uptake of the radiotracer in the bone marrow and the spleen in different stages of tumor development. These findings were evaluated in the context of flow cytometry and IHC analyses. Conclusions: The differential distribution pattern of 64Cu-labeled anti-CD11b in different disease models could be attributed to mobilization of CD11b+ cells. PET/CT may be used to image systems response of immune cells to disease development and treatments. (Supported in part by the John S. Dunn Foundation) Citation Format: Qizhen Cao, Qian Huang, Chun Li. microPET/CT imaging of the mobilization of CD11b+ cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4207.
End-of-life care resource utilization: A single provider perspective

16022 Background: Most cancer physicians are aware that significant resources are spent in the last year of life but they are provided little feedback on cost or yield of care. Awareness of resourc...
Implementing Trauma-Informed Care: Recommendations on the Process

The importance of trauma-informed care (TIC) is now recognized across most health and human service systems. Providers are calling for concrete examples of what TIC means in practice and how to create more trauma-informed organizations. However, much of the current understanding about implementation rests on principles and values rather than specific recommendations for action. This paper addresses this gap based on observations during the provision of technical assistance over the past decade in fields like mental health and addictions, juvenile justice, child welfare, healthcare, housing, and education. Focusing on the infrastructure for making change (the TIC workgroup), assessment and planning, and the early stages of implementation, the authors discuss barriers and challenges that are commonly encountered, strategies that have proven effective in addressing barriers, and specific action steps that can help sustain momentum for the longer term.
Lichenoid dermatitis from interferon alpha-2a in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and seronegative HCV

Cutaneous reactions to interferon, including a lichenoid drug reaction, are most commonly reported in patients undergoing treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. There have been case reports of interferon-induced lichen planus in seronegative HCV patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and melanoma. We report the case of a 71-year-old man undergoing treatment with interferon for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who developed an eruption 2 months after starting interferon. Clinical and histological findings from biopsies supported a diagnosis of interferon-induced lichen planus. To our knowledge, this is the first known case of a lichenoid drug eruption from interferon in a seronegative HCV patient with metastatic RCC. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(7):714-716. .
Microvascular obstruction in ST elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: another frontier to conquer?

Over the past decades, a significant reduction in mortality due to ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been observed worldwide (1,2). Prompt restoration of the epicardial coronary blood flow with timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as adjunctive pharmacological therapies have largely reduced the myocardial infarct size and improved short- and longterm outcomes (3,4). Nevertheless, residual cardiovascular risk persists after STEMI.
Linguistic convention and worldly fact: Prospects for a naturalist theory of the a priori

Truth by convention, once thought to be the foundation of a uniquely promising approach to explaining our access to the truth in nonempirical domains, is nowadays widely considered an absurdity. Its fall from grace has been due largely to the influence of an argument that can be sketched as follows: our linguistic conventions have the power to make it the case that a sentence expresses a particular proposition, but they can’t by themselves generate truth; whether a given proposition is true—and so whether the sentence that expresses it is true—is a matter of what the world is like, which means it isn’t a matter of convention alone. The consensus is that this argument is decisive against truth by convention. Strikingly, though, it has rarely been formulated with much precision. Here I provide a new rendering of the argument, one that reveals its structure and makes transparent just what assumptions it requires, and then I assess conventionalists’ prospects for resisting each of those assumptions. I conclude that the consensus is mistaken: contrary to what is almost universally thought, there remains a promising way forward for the conventionalist project. Along the way, I clarify conventionalists’ commitments by thinking about what truth by convention would need to be like in order for conventionalism to do the epistemological work it’s intended to do.
Microbubbles in the Aorta and Left Ventricle of a Patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Unique Presentation of Pump Thrombosis Leading to Urgent Surgery

Microbubble formation occurs due to the cavitation phenomenon. We report a rare echocardiographic finding of microbubbles in a patient's aorta and left ventricle due to pump thrombosis in the left ventricle assist device, requiring pump exchange surgery.
Re-examination of absolute instability near band edges in a traveling wave tube

We re-examine the beam mode and its interaction with the circuit mode in the immediate vicinity of the lower and upper band edges in a traveling wave tube (TWT). Contrary to previous findings, we show here that an absolute instability may arise, according the the Briggs-Bers criterion, at the lower band edge if the beam current is sufficiently high, even if the beam mode intersects with the circuit mode with a positive group velocity. However, the upper band edge was found to be more susceptible to absolute instability than the lower band edge, according to the threshold conditions that we derived analytically. Near the band edge, the Green's function shows possible transient growth in a TWT that is free of absolute instability.
Management of Modular Projects: A Templating Approach:

The concept of a modular project is developed and a strategy for managing such projects is presented. A modular project is one that consists of several similar entities, or modules, which are the o...
Current Research Interests in International Service Learning

This paper aims to gain a perspective on research concerning transformative international service-learning experiences (ISL) in higher education. First, the inclusion criteria for a literature search and the definition of what constitutes transformative learning in ISL is set forth. Then the knowledge-constitutive framework of Jurgen Habermas is applied to determine the research interests employed for each study. Examples from the search results are used to illustrate each interest: technical, practical and critical. This analysis is followed by an exploration as to why research interests are relevant and which interests may be more appropriate for studying transformative international service-learning programming in higher education.
Executive Extraversion: Career and Firm Outcomes

ABSTRACT Psychology research identifies extraversion as the personality trait most closely associated with leadership emergence. We examine executive extraversion, as measured by speech patterns du...
Medical Management of Head and Face Pain

No longer regarded as a potent, universal remedy for all pain, opiates have fallen out of favor in the most recent pain literature. Increases in addiction, rising overdose deaths, systemic side effects, and the discovery of opiate-induced hyperalgesia have illuminated the need for non-opiate alternatives for all chronic pain disorders. During this chapter we will explore the literature behind many of these alternative, non-opiate medications and their use for nonmalignant pain of the head and neck.
Nutritional supplements for the prevention of diabetes mellitus and its complications

Abstract Many patients commonly use nutritional supplements as an alternative or as an addition to their current medication regimen to prevent or treat diseases. One of these diseases, a leading cause of death in the United States, is diabetes mellitus and its complications [ 1 ]. For both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, studies have been conducted to test not only prescription medications, but also nutritional supplements that may a role in prevention of the progression of this disease and its associated complications. In this article, we will review the efficacy of nutritional supplements that have been used for the prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and their main complications, including diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and retinopathy.
Maternity care hospital trends in providing postdischarge breastfeeding supports to new mothers-United States, 2007-2015.

Background Hospitals that provide maternity care can play an important role in providing or directing mothers to postdischarge breastfeeding support, which improves breastfeeding duration especially when providing multiple support modes. This study described 2007-2015 national trends in postdischarge breastfeeding supports among United States maternity care hospitals. Methods Data were from the Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care survey, a biennial census of maternity care hospitals in the United States and territories. Hospitals reported whether they provided nine support types, which we categorized into three support modes: physical contact (eg, return visits), active reaching out (eg, telephone calls), and referrals (eg, to lactation consultants). We calculated prevalence of each support type, each support mode, and providing all three support modes for each survey year and examined trends over 2007-2015. For 2015, we assessed differences by hospital- and area-level characteristics. Results Prevalence of providing all three support modes increased from 24% (2007) to 31% (2015). Nearly all (99%) hospitals provided referrals in each survey year. Fewer offered physical contact and active reaching out. However, from 2007 to 2015, the prevalence of physical contact increased from 39% to 46%; active reaching out increased from 54% to 64%. In 2015, smaller and rural hospitals were more likely to provide all three discharge supports. Conclusions Prevalence of offering referrals was high, but there is room for improvement in providing physical contact and active reaching out to ensure multiple modes of support are available to help mothers reach their breastfeeding goals.
Perspectives on the future of recycled water in California: results from interviews with water management professionals

Expanded use of recycled water has potential to improve the sustainability of water systems in areas with high water insecurity. Despite this, rates of recycled water use in California remain low. ...
Introduction: Queer Moments and Eddies in Time

In the introduction to Literary Modernism, Queer Temporality: Eddies in Time, Haffey claims that the recent work regarding queer temporality owes a debt to the experimentations of literary modernists like Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, William Faulkner, and Gertrude Stein. As such, Haffey argues that modernist temporalities persist throughout the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and can be seen not only in queer theory but also in the work of contemporary authors like Michael Cunningham, Jeanette Winterson, Angela Carter, and Eve Sedgwick. In the course of making her argument, Haffey describes the recent trends in queer temporality as they have arisen in the past two decades and locates the book’s arguments within this emerging discourse.
Role of depolarization in the polarization reversal in ferroelectrics

Atomistic first-principles-based simulations are used to investigate polarization reversal in ferroelectrics in both the intrinsic and extrinsic regimes in order to determine the origin of nearly an order of magnitude difference in the coercive field predicted theoretically and observed in experiments. We find that the residual depolarizing field that is routinely ignored from considerations is responsible for the drastic reduction of the coercive field. The depolarizing field stabilizes a polydomain phase which allows for counterintuitive cooperation with the applied field to achieve polarization reversal in an energy-efficient way. Contrary to the common belief that low coercive field necessitates polarization reversal via domains formation and propagation, we predict that the same fields could be achieved if the residual depolarizing field is taken into account. An efficient way to incorporate such depolarizing field in any type of atomistic simulations is proposed, which is expected to resolve the longstanding issue of overestimation of fields in simulations of ferroelectrics.