cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leaky-mode waveguide modulators with high deflection angle for use in holographic video displays

Film display holograms typically diffract light over a wide enough view-angle to be viewed, directly, without intervening optics. However, all holographic video displays (with the exception of eye-tracked systems) must use optics beyond the hologram surface to overcome the challenges of small display extent and low diffraction angle by using some form of demagnification and derotation (i.e. angle magnification and optical multiplexing). We report a leaky mode waveguide spatial light modulator with sufficiently high angular diffraction to obviate the need for demagnification in scanned aperture systems. This high angle was achieved by performing a number of experiments to determine the depth of the annealed, proton-exchanged waveguide which corresponded to a maximized diffracted angle. Diffraction sweeps were recorded in excess of 19.5° (corresponding to only 70 MHz of input bandwidth) for 632.8 nm light which is above the 15° required for direct view display. Device geometries are proposed which might achieve greater than 20° of total angular sweep for red, green, and blue light.
Enhancement of Fe diffusion in ZnSe/S laser crystals under hot isostatic pressing

Many organic molecules have strong and narrow absorption features in the middle Infrared (mid-IR) spectral range. The ability to directly probe absorption features of molecules enables numerous mid-IR applications in non-invasive medical diagnosis, industrial processing and process control, environmental monitoring, etc. Thus, there is a strong demand for lasers operating in mid-IR spectral range. Transition metal (TM) doped II-VI semiconductors such as Fe/Cr:ZnSe/S are the material of choice for fabrication of mid-IR gain media due to favorable combination of properties: a four level energy structure, absence of excited state absorption , broad mid-IR vibronic absorption and emission bands. Despite the significant progress in post-growth thermal diffusion technology of TM:II-VI fabrication there are still some difficulties associated with diffusion of certain TM’s in these materials. In this work we address the issue of poor diffusion of Fe in ZnSe/S polycrystals. It is well known that with the temperature increase the diffusion rate of impurity also increases. However, simple application of high temperatures during the diffusion process is problematic for ZnSe/S crystals due to their strong sublimation. The sublimation processes can be suppressed by application of high pressures. Hot isostatic pressing was utilized as the means for simultaneous application of high temperatures (1300°C) and high pressures (1000atm, 3000atm). It was determined that diffusion coefficient of Fe was improved 13 and 14 fold in ZnSe and ZnS, respectively, as compared to the standard diffusion at 950°C. The difference in diffusion coefficients can be due to strong increase in the grain size of polycrystals.
Camera Mouse: Dwell vs. Computer Vision-Based Intentional Click Activation

People with severe motion impairments may face challenges using assistive interface devices for common point-and-click tasks. A motion tracking interface, the Camera Mouse, allows users to control a mouse pointer with their head and click by dwelling the pointer over a target. Previous studies evaluated the use of an attached sensor (ClickerAID) as an alternative to the dwell-time clicking. However, the sensor’s proprietary hardware is a barrier to adaptation. Here, we present a computer-vision based alternative that can be used to actuate mouse clicks. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of our interface and compare to previous results. Although quantitative evaluation did not achieve the same speed and acuracy as the other measures, the non-contact approach to intentional click activation demonstrates benefits compared to the other techniques.
Do Biodegradable Labels Lead to an Eco-safety Halo Effect?

Biodegradable products allure consumers despite complications associated with developing consistent guidelines for degradability and potential misperceptions regarding what biodegradability means to consumers. This research investigates inferences consumers make about products bearing 100% biodegradable labels and uses the halo effect as a theoretical foundation for investigation. Past research has found that health labels can have a general halo effect and promote beliefs about attributes unrelated to health claims. The results of two experiments suggest that 100% biodegradable labeling produces a similar eco-safety halo. This eco-safety halo is characterized by assumed consumer safety and environmental attributes of 100% biodegradable products. Results are presented along with implications, limitation, and directions for future research.
Amplifier Innovations for Improvement of Rotary Traveling Wave Oscillators

Rotary traveling wave oscillators use a transmission line connected as a closed loop as their resonant element. This allows the use of spatial degrees of freedom, not available in typical L–C oscillator topologies, in the design of the amplifier needed to sustain the oscillating mode. Here, we present a novel amplifier design that takes advantage of this extra degree of freedom to improve performance of RTWOs in two ways. If no precautions are taken then the oscillation can start in either a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. The Phased amplifier, introduced here, forces one direction of oscillation with a measured probability of reverse oscillation of less than 0.43 ppm with a confidence level of 99%. No reverse oscillations were observed in 107 trials. This is accomplished by adding additional phase-dependent degeneration transistors and phase shifting the various amplifier inputs by taking them from different locations on the transmission line. Additionally, this amplifier design reduces the phase noise by reducing the amplifier noise during the time that the oscillator is most sensitive to phase perturbation, resulting in a 1.2-dB reduction in phase noise measured 1 MHz from the peak and a 2.9-dB improvement in the figure of merit.
Greyhound Nation : A Coevolutionary History of England, 1200-1900

Edmund Russell's much-anticipated new book examines interactions between greyhounds and their owners in England from 1200 to 1900 to make a compelling case that history is an evolutionary process. Challenging the popular notion that animal breeds remain uniform over time and space, Russell integrates history and biology to offer a fresh take on human-animal coevolution. Using greyhounds in England as a case study, Russell shows that greyhounds varied and changed just as much as their owners. Not only did they evolve in response to each other, but people and dogs both evolved in response to the forces of modernization, such as capitalism, democracy, and industry. History and evolution were not separate processes, each proceeding at its own rate according to its own rules, but instead were the same.
Combination deworming for the control of double-resistant cyathostomin parasites - short and long term consequences.

Abstract Equine cyathostomin are pervasive gastrointestinal parasites with wide-spread resistance to the benzimidazole and tetrahydropyrimidine drug classes worldwide. Combination deworming has been proposed as a more sustainable parasite control strategy. Simulation studies have found combination deworming to be effective in controlling drug resistant ovine trichostrongylid parasites. One equine study demonstrated an additive effect of a combination of oxibendazole and pyrantel pamoate against cyathostomins. However, this is the only equine study evaluating combination therapy, and the effects of repeated combination treatments administered over time remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of repeated oxibendazole/pyrantel pamoate combination therapy administered over one year against a cyathostomin population with resistance to benzimidazole and pyrantel products. Fecal egg counts were determined for the entire herd (N = 21) at the day of anthelmintic treatment and at two-week intervals for eight weeks post treatment. Starting efficacies of oxibendazole (OBZ, 10 mg/kg) and pyrantel pamoate (PYR, 6.6 mg base/kg) were 66.7% and 63.3%, respectively. Hereafter, the herd was treated four times with an oxibendazole/pyrantel pamoate combination, eight weeks apart, followed by repeating the single active treatments before concluding the study. While the first combination treatment exhibited an additive effect of the two active ingredients, this efficacy was not sustained over the course of the study. Mean fecal egg count reduction (FECR) was significantly greater for the first combination treatment (76.6%) than the second (42.6%, p = 0.0454), third (41.6%, p = 0.0318), and fourth (40.7%, p = 0.0372) combination treatments. The final single active mean FECRs were 42.3% for oxibendazole, and 42.7% for pyrantel pamoate. These efficacies were not significantly different from the initial single active efficacies (OBZ, p = 0.4421; PYR, p = 0.8361). These results suggest that combination therapy against double resistant equine cyathostomin populations is not sustainable, when using actives with markedly decreased starting efficacies.
Warfarin, a juggler’s demise

Warfarin, an anticoagulant therapy used by millions worldwide, inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), thereby dampening the carboxylation and the procoagulant potential of vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors. However, the detailed molecular mechanism by which warfarin inhibits VKORC1 remains the subject of debate. 1,2 In this issue of Blood , Rishavy et al 3 puts this issue to rest by demonstrating that warfarin inhibits VKORC1 via a mechanism termed “the uncoupling of VKORC1.” The uncoupling of VKORC1 is significant because it highlights a potential cooperation of VKORC1 with a second warfarin-resistant vitamin K quinone reductase, thereby explaining how considerable carboxylation can proceed despite the presence of warfarin, and this may have direct implications for warfarin dosing in patients.
Studies on induced Klebsiella mastitis with relationships among N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, bacterial and somatic cell counts.

Mastitis was induced by infusion of 3,000-7,000 colony-forming units of Klebsiella pneumoniae into the left rear quarter of four primiparous Holstein-Freisians. Greater than 100 organisms were recovered from a quarter milk sample within 2 hr and in 87.5% of the hourly cultures taken after 8 hr. Bacteria, California Mastitis Tests, somatic cell counts and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels differed significantly from that of control quarters in infused cows after hr 6, 8, 9 and 9 respectively. High correlations were obtained between somatic cell count and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (r = .97) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and natural log bacterial count (r. = .88). N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was related to natural log bacterial counts of samples taken 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr prior to the test (rN-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and natural log bacterial count (r = .91, .92, .93, and .95).
Iterative Methods for Solving x-y Geometry SN Problems on Parallel Architecture Computers

In this paper, geometric domain decomposition methods are described for solving x-y geometry discrete ordinates (S[sub N]) problems on parallel architecture computers. First, a parallel source iteration scheme is developed; here, one subdivides the spatial domain of the problem, performs transport sweeps independently in each subdomain, and iterates on the scattering source and the interface fluxes between each subdomain. Second, a parallel diffusion synthetic acceleration (DSA) scheme is developed to speed up the convergence of the parallel source iteration. These schemes have been implemented on the IBM RP3, a shared/distributed memory parallel computer. The numerical results show that the parallel source iteration and DSA methods both exhibit significant speedups over their scalar counterparts, but that a degradation in parallel efficiency occurs due to the geometric domain decomposition (iteration on interface fluxes) and the overhead time required for the communication of data between processors.
Pragmatismus, transzendentale Argumente und die Technik

Als Heidegger zu Beginn seiner beruhmten Abhandlung Die Frage nach der Technik bemerkte, das „das Wesen der Technik ganz und gar nichts Technisches“ sei,2 setzte er eine Vorgabe fur alle, die es versuchen wurden, die Technik im Hinblick auf die letzte, eigentliche Beziehung des Menschen zur Wirklichkeit zu charakterisieren. Die Bedeutung dieser Bemerkung liegt genau in ihrer zweideutigen Rolle: sie zeigt an, was Heidegger als den nihilistischen Zug der Technik in der modernen Philosophie betrachtet, und sie last Raum offen fur Technikdeutungen, die der seinen im wesentlichen entgegengesetzt sind. Heidegger gibt vor, eine transzendente Entdeckung uber die Technik (ja uber die gesamte abendlandische Philosophie) gemacht zu haben, wahrend doch der beste (und vollig ausreichende) Versuch, den Menschen unternehmen konnen, um die ‘uberwaltigende Frage’ zu beantworten, darin besteht, einen transzendentalen Vorschlag uber das Wesen der Technik und der Wirklichkeit anzubieten. In der Tat verbirgt sich hinter seinem transzendenten Anspruch ein transzendentaler — und das erklart sowohl seinen etwas grellen Ton als auch seine scheinbare Logik.
Publisher Correction: Inactivating hepatic follistatin alleviates hyperglycemia.

In the version of this article originally published, the y axis labels in Fig. 4b,d were incorrect. In Fig. 4b, the unit on the label was (ng mg–1). This should have been (ng/ml). In Fig. 4d, the y axis label was Serum Fst (ng ml–1). It should have been Serum insulin (ng/ml). The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this article.
Mortality and air pollution effects of air quality interventions in Delhi and Beijing

Air pollution in the megacities of low and middle income (LMIC) countries has risen to the levels of public health hazards forcing them to take emergency measures, such as issuing red alerts and vehicle-rationing interventions (VRI). Using in-situ and high-resolution satellite data, this research shows that VRI reduced particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) in Beijing during the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, VRsI implemented in 2015 and 2016 in Beijing and in 2016 in Delhi were ineffective in improving air quality. The effects of VRI were short lived, for example 54% of the cleaning in Beijing disappeared within two weeks after the Olympics, and Delhi witnessed a 34% increase in PM2.5 during the two weeks after the interventions.
Douching, Talc Use, and Risk for Ovarian Cancer and Conditions Related to Genital Tract Inflammation

Background: Douching is associated with disorders involving genital tract inflammation and genital talc use with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but their joint effects are infrequently considered. Methods: From 2,040 cases of EOC and 2,100 controls enrolled in eastern Massachusetts and New Hampshire, we used unconditional logistic regression to estimate risk for EOC associated with douching and/or talc use. In subsets of cases and controls, we also collected information about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and cervical neoplasia to estimate risk for these events from douching and/or talc use. Results: The adjusted OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all EOC was 0.94 (0.76–1.16) in women who douched but never used talc and 1.28 (1.09–1.51) in women who used talc but never douched. Compared with women who never regularly douched or used talc, ORs (95% CIs) were 0.83 (0.52–1.33) for women who both used talc and homemade douches and 1.53 (1.11–2.10) for women who both used talc and store-bought douches. Cases who both douched and used talc were more likely to have had PID compared with cases who had used neither [OR = 5.03 (95% CI, 1.61–15.7)]. Conclusions: Douching is not an independent risk factor for ovarian cancer, but the combination of talc use and store-bought douches may modestly increase the risk for EOC beyond that for talc use alone. Impact: The joint effect of talc use and douching, especially with commercial products, should be considered in evaluating risks associated with disorders involving genital tract inflammation or EOC.
Clinical Use of Scanning Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry for Detection of Cervical Dysplasia

We demonstrate the first clinical implementation of a scanning method to perform angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) to detect cervical dysplasia over a large area without repositioning.
A greedy algorithm for computing eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix with localized eigenvectors

Author(s): Hernandez, Taylor M; Van Beeumen, Roel; Caprio, Mark A; Yang, Chao | Abstract: We present a greedy algorithm for computing selected eigenpairs of a large sparse matrix $H$ that can exploit localization features of the eigenvector. When the eigenvector to be computed is localized, meaning only a small number of its components have large magnitudes, the proposed algorithm identifies the location of these components in a greedy manner, and obtains approximations to the desired eigenpairs of $H$ by computing eigenpairs of a submatrix extracted from the corresponding rows and columns of $H$. Even when the eigenvector is not completely localized, the approximate eigenvectors obtained by the greedy algorithm can be used as good starting guesses to accelerate the convergence of an iterative eigensolver applied to $H$. We discuss a few possibilities for selecting important rows and columns of $H$ and techniques for constructing good initial guesses for an iterative eigensolver using the approximate eigenvectors returned from the greedy algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach with examples from nuclear quantum many-body calculations and many-body localization studies of quantum spin chains.
The Inactive β Globin Gene on a γδβ Thalassemia Chromosome Has a Normal Structure and Functions Normally in vitro

We have previously described an English family with γδβ -thalassemia in which a large deletion stops 25 kilobases (kb) upstream from the β -globin gene locus, and yet the β -globin gene is inactive in vivo. Affected family members had a β -thalassemia minor phenotype with a normal hemoglobin A2 level. Gene mapping showed that these subjects were heterozygous for a chromosome bearing a large deletion that began in the °γ-globin gene, extended through the €-globin gene, and continued upstream for at least 75 kb. The Aγ-, δ-, and β -globin gene loci on this chromosome were intact. To examine the possibility that an additional defect was present in the β -globin gene, we cloned, sequenced, and examined the expression of the β -globin gene from the affected chromosome. No mutation was found in the β -globin gene sequence from 990 base-pairs 5’ to the cap site to 350 basepairs 3’ to the polyade-nylation signal. The gene was subcloned into an expression vector and introduced into HeLa cells. Analysis of RNA derived from these cells, using a ribonuclease protection assay, revealed qualitatively and quantitatively normal transcription. Thus a structurally and functionally normal β -globin gene is inactive in the presence of a large deletion more than 25 kb upstream. The loss of β -globin gene function may be due to disturbance of chromatin conformation caused by the deletion or may be the result of loss of upstream sequences that are necessary for β -globin gene expression in vivo. © 1988 by Grune α Stratton, Inc. 0006-4971/88/7103-0030$3.00/0
Enabling Personal Computational Handweaving with a Low-Cost Jacquard Loom

We present an inexpensive tabletop loom that offers fully computational patterning while maintaining the flexibility of handweaving. Our loom can be assembled for under US$200 with 3D printed parts, and it can be controlled straightforwardly over USB. Our loom is explicitly a hand loom: that is, a weaver is required to operate the weaving process and may mediate row-by-row patterning and material specifics like yarn tension. Our approach combines the flexibility of fully analog handweaving with the computational affordances of digital fabrication: it enables the incorporation of special techniques and materials, as well as allowing for the possibility of computational and creative interventions in the weaving process itself. In taking this approach, we aim to serve a range of end users including artisans and researchers, whether for skill-building, for rapid prototyping, or for creative reflection. We describe the mechanical and electronic implementation of our loom and show examples of its use for personal fabrication.
Improving parallel circuit simulation using high-level waveforms

Waveform relaxation (WR) has been shown to be an effective algorithm to simulate large digital circuits. In this paper, we explore parallel WR methods to further improve the performance. The parallel processing issues under investigation include partitioning, task granularity, scheduling and allocation. The difficulty of addressing these issues is that circuit simulation problems tend to have highly irregular computational structures. The use of high-level waveforms generated from logic or timing simulators is introduced as a way of improving speed. The speed improvements for circuit partitioning, window selection and task allocation using high-level information are presented.
Yinyang K-Means: A Drop-In Replacement of the Classic K-Means with Consistent Speedup

This paper presents Yinyang K-means, a new algorithm for K-means clustering. By clustering the centers in the initial stage, and leveraging efficiently maintained lower and upper bounds between a point and centers, it more effectively avoids unnecessary distance calculations than prior algorithms. It significantly outperforms prior K-means algorithms consistently across all experimented data sets, cluster numbers, and machine configurations. The consistent, superior performance--plus its simplicity, user-control of overheads, and guarantee in producing the same clustering results as the standard K-means--makes Yinyang K-means a drop-in replacement of the classic K-means with an order of magnitude higher performance.
ZINC AND CADMIUM TROPOCORONAND COMPLEXES: EFFECT OF METAL ION RADIUS ON MACROCYCLIC LIGAND TWIST AND FOLD

The four-coordinate [Zn(TC-n,m)], n + m = 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, and [Cd(TC-n,m)], n + m = 8, 9, 10, 12, complexes and the five-coordinate complex [Zn(py)(TC-3,3)] were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and UV−vis spectroscopy as well as by X-ray crystallography. The dihedral angle ϑ between five-membered N−M−N chelate ring planes increases monotonically as a function of the number of methylene linker units, n + m. The ϑ angles range from 36.4° in [Zn(TC-3,4)] to 84.7° in [Zn(TC-6,6)] and from 36.5° in [Cd(TC-4,4)] to 78.9° in [Cd(TC-6,6)]. For a given value of n + m, a larger dihedral angle is observed in the [M(TC-n,m)] complex having the smaller metal ion radius. Although changes in ϑ largely reflect a twisting motion of the two halves of the macrocycle with respect to one another, in [Cd(TC-4,4)] and [Zn(py)(TC-3,3)] the tropocoronand ligand folds in order to accommodate the metal ion, which is too large to fit into the hole of the macrocycle. Cyclic voltammetric studies in THF and CH2Cl2 revealed...
The effect of antivenin on intramuscular pressure elevations induced by rattlesnake venom.

The dose of an antivenin required to neutralize a clinical case of venom poisoning, as well as determining the timing or need to initiate antivenin treatment, is frequently difficult to objectively ascertain. In this study, venom from the southern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis helleri, was injected into 29 dog hind limb anterolateral compartments. A solution of C. v. helleri venom (15 mg/ml) was prepared using dessicated venom and saline; 0.2 ml were injected sub-fascially so that each of the compartments received 3 mg of venom. In one group no antivenin was given, in a second group four vials of antivenin were administered i.v. 1 hr post-injection, and in the final group eight vials of antivenin were administered i.v. 1 hr following venom injection. In all groups intracompartment pressures, limb girth and surface temperature were measured at regular intervals over the first 48 hr. In the group receiving eight vials of antivenin the intracompartment pressure reached a peak mean pressure of 49 mm Hg at 2 - 4 hr, and then rapidly fell. In those treated with none or four vials the pressure rose to 70 and 60 mm Hg, respectively, and remained elevated over the first 24 hr. The difference between the former and latter two groups is statistically significant. The findings indicate that the intracompartmental pressure, and presumably destructive damage of the venom, can be controlled by adequate levels of i.v. antivenin. Intracompartmental pressure measurements should be considered as an adjunct in the monitoring and decision-making processes for the treatment of patients bitten by rattlesnakes.
Iopamidol vs metrizamide: a double blind study for cervical myelography.

A double-blind study was performed on 20 patients comparing the safety and efficacy of Iopamidol and Metrizamide in cervical myelography. The radiographic qualities of the Iopamidol and Metrizamide examinations were equivalent when using the same volume (12 to 13 ml), concentration (200 mg I/ml), and a C1-2 route of administration. The performance of a CT scan on selected patients in specified areas of interest provided additional diagnostic information in some patients (e.g syringomyelia, degenerative spondylosis). The adverse reactions were mild in the Iopamidol group with 4 of the 10 patients experiencing no adverse reactions. The more severe reactions, including disorientation, agitation, dysarthria, asterixis, hyperreflexia and EEG abnormalities were limited to the Metrizamide group with one or more occurring in 2 of the 10 patients studied. Only one Metrizamide patient experienced no adverse reactions. In this study containing a limited number of patients, Iopamidol was shown to be a diagnostically effective and safer contrast medium for performing cervical myelography.
Polarography of 4-benzothiazolol

Abstract The polarographic behaviour of 4-benzothiazolol at the dropping mercury electrode has been compared with that of 8-quinolinol. A well-defined, irreversible cathodic wave, suitable for the determination of 4-benzothiazolol, was obtained at PH 6.8. The characteristics of this wave indicated that it was due to a two-electron reduction of 4-benzothiazolol to 2,3-dihydro-4-benzothiazolol.
Integral Series Solution of the SchrÖdinger Equation for the Helium Atom

Rapidly converging analytic solution by integral series of nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation for He atom
A miniaturized pump oxygenator for evaluation of peripheral circulatory changes induced by longterm weightlessness in rats

Cardiopulmonary bypass developed for studies of long term weightlessness on cardiovascular system of mice, white rats and squirrel monkeys
Global optimization of reactive distillation networks using IDEAS

Abstract In this work, we present a methodology for the global optimization of reactive distillation (RD) networks, through the Infinite DimEnsionAl State-space (IDEAS) approach. Within the IDEAS framework, network synthesis is formulated as an infinite dimensional linear optimization problem. The IDEAS conceptual framework is realized through solution of a series of finite dimensional linear programs whose optimum values converge to the infinite program’s infimum. The proposed optimal design methodology is demonstrated on a case study involving reactive distillation-based synthesis of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from isobutene and methanol.
Region Formation under Crisis Conditions: South vs Southern Africa in the Interwar Period*

In recent years considerable attention has been paid in Africa to the promotion of economic growth through regional economic associations. Yet little scholarship exists on the historical formation of southern Africa as an existing ‘region’. This essay explores this subject by analysing conflicts between local political actors over regional economic relationships in the first half of this century. Examining the period as a whole reveals a critical transition during the interwar period. If at the beginning of the century southern Africa was marked by relatively free flows of commodities, labour and capital, by the late 1930s this situation was dramatically transformed. South Africa had become an industrialising power, while the free trade zone so assiduously cultivated by colonial and settler power in the previous half century had been shattered. At the same time, strongly interdependent and inherently unequal relationships emerged across the economic landscape of southern Africa for the first time. Several...
Similarity rules in gravity jitter-related spacecraft liquid propellant slosh waves excitation

The dynamical behavior of fluids, in particular the effect of surface tension on partially filled rotating fluids in a full-scale prototype Gravity Probe-B Spacecraft propellant tank and various 10 percent subscale containers with identical values of similarity parameters such as Bond number, dynamical capillary number, rotational Reynolds number, and Weber number, as well as imposed gravity jitters have been investigated. It is shown that the Bond number can be used to simulate the wave characteristics of slosh wave excitation, whereas the Weber number can be used to simulate the wave amplitude of slosh-mode excitation. It is shown that a dynamical capillary number can be used to simulate the induced perturbation of the fluid stress distribution exerted on the wall. This distribution is governed by the interaction between surface tension (slosh-wave excitation along the liquid-vapor interface) and viscous (fluid stress exerted on the wall) forces.
Tidal modulation of slow slip in Cascadia

[1] Several studies have shown that the seismic tremor in episodic tremor and slip is tidally modulated, suggesting a sensitivity to the rather small tidal stresses. We address whether the slip rate in slow slip events is also tidally modulated by examining data from six borehole strainmeters in northwest Washington and southern Vancouver Island. We simultaneously fit data from multiple stations and from slow slip events occurring over a 3 year interval from January 2007 to June 2009, as we are unable to extract a meaningful signal from a single record. We find modulation of the strain rate with a 12.4 h period, that of the tide with the largest amplitude, that is significant at the 99% level. The amplitude of this modulation suggests that the slip rate during slow slip events oscillates, on average, 25% above and below its mean value during a tidal cycle. Tidal modulation estimates at three other periods are significant with more than 70% probability. The phase of maximum strain rate in the 12.4 h M2 period coincides with the phase of the maximum tremor rate taken from a catalog in an overlapping region. Comparison with a simple tidal loading model shows that the phase of maximum strain rate in the M2 period may occur at the maximum shear stress or up to 90° before it, depending on the location of slip in the subduction zone.
Eigenvalues on a domain with discrete rotational symmetry

The spectrum of the Laplace operator on a bounded domain or manifold consists of only isolated eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. In problems with a high degree of symmetry it is necessary that these multiplicities are large. The generic structure of the eigenspaces of the Laplace operator with nosymmetry constraints is that the eigenvalues are simple.We consider the structure of the eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in a planar domain under deformations that preserve symmetry under a discrete rotation. There are two types of eigenfunctions: symmetric and asymmetric.The main theorem shows that generically, symmetric eigenfunctions are simple and asymmetric eigenfunctions are of multiplicity two. This is a partial proof of the conjecture of V. I. Arnol’d concerning the codimension of large multiplicity eigenspaces in the space of domains preserving symmetry.
Primary Dissecting Aneurysm of the Right Coronary Artery with Survival

Following acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, a 56 year old man gradually developed marked cardiac enlargement due to hemoperlcardlum. In addition to an occluded right coronary artery, coronary arteriography demonstrated extralumlnal dye around the artery. Surgical inspection revealed adventitial dissection of blood and resolving hematoma. Three and one-half years later, he is asymptomatic and is the first known survivor of a primary dissecting aneurysm of a coronary artery.
Sex, iride pigmentation, and the pupillary attributions of college students to happy and angry faces

As a means of clarifying relationships reported by Hess and Petrovich (1978) between sex, iride pigmentation, and sensitivity to pupillary cues in nonverbal communication, the responses of 117 college students, who had been divided into four sex by iride pigmentation groups, to Hess’ (1975) happy-angry faces task were measured. The results were congruent with pre- dictions that were drawn from Hess and Petrovich’s finding that women and light-eyed persons are more sensitive to pupillary cues than are men and dark-eyed persons.
Effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on simple instrumental conditioning, extinction and discrimination learning in the rat.

Abstract Hungry rats were trained under placebo or LSD (high and low dose) conditions to either run in a straight alley for food or lever press (FR20) in a Skinner box in the presence of one of two spatially positioned bars associated with food reward. A testing phase followed in which animals continued to perform under either the same injection conditions or under one of the alternative injection conditions. The results indicated that high drug doses (0.20 mg/kg) increased resistance to extinction in the runway but impaired both running acquisition and discrimination whereas low doses (0.05 mg/kg) impaired running but improved discrimination. There were some indications that LSD had long-term behavioral consequences which outlasted the drugged state, suggesting an effect on learning as well as on performance.
Assessment of cytotoxicity by emerging impedance spectroscopy.

Abstract An on-line and continuous technique based on electric cell substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) was developed for measuring the concentration and time response function of fibroblastic V79 cells exposed to toxicants. Mercury chloride (HgCl2), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4), and trinitrobenzene (TNB) were used as five test models. The first four chemicals serve as a model for acute toxicants, and TNB represents a model for long-term cytotoxicity effects. Adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of V79 fibroblastic cells cultured on a microarray of small gold electrodes precoated with fibronectin were detected as resistance changes. The response function was derived to reflect the resistance change as a result of cell attachment, spreading, mitosis and cytotoxicity effect. Exposure of V79 cells to toxicants led to alterations in cell behavior, and therefore, chemical cytotoxicity was easily screened by measuring the response function of the attached and spread cells in the presence of inhibitor. The half inhibition concentration, the required concentration to achieve 50% inhibition, was obtained from the response function to provide dynamic information about cytotoxicity during the course of the assay. A simple mathematical model was developed to describe the responses of ECIS that were related to the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of V79 fibroblastic cells. The novel results of this paper are mainly characterized by the systematic study of several parameters including the cell number, detection limit, sensor sensitivity, and cytotoxicity, and they may motivate further research and study of ECIS sensors.
Thermodynamic Mechanism for the Evasion of Antibody Neutralization in Flaviviruses

Mutations in the epitopes of antigenic proteins can confer viral resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization. However, the fundamental properties that characterize epitope residues and how mutations affect antibody binding to alter virus susceptibility to neutralization remain largely unknown. To address these questions, we used an ensemble-based algorithm to characterize the effects of mutations on the thermodynamics of protein conformational fluctuations. We applied this method to the envelope protein domain III (ED3) of two medically important flaviviruses: West Nile and dengue 2. We determined an intimate relationship between the susceptibility of a residue to thermodynamic perturbations and epitope location. This relationship allows the successful identification of the primary epitopes in each ED3, despite their high sequence and structural similarity. Mutations that allow the ED3 to evade detection by the antibody either increase or decrease conformational fluctuations of the epitopes through local effects or long-range interactions. Spatially distant interactions originate in the redistribution of conformations of the ED3 ensembles, not through a mechanically connected array of contiguous amino acids. These results reconcile previous observations of evasion of neutralization by mutations at a distance from the epitopes. Finally, we established a quantitative correlation between subtle changes in the conformational fluctuations of the epitope and large defects in antibody binding affinity. This correlation suggests that mutations that allow viral growth, while reducing neutralization, do not generate significant structural changes and underscores the importance of protein fluctuations and long-range interactions in the mechanism of antibody-mediated neutralization resistance.
Oocyte-Specific Overexpression of Mouse Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 Leads to Accelerated Folliculogenesis and an Early Onset of Acyclicity in Transgenic Mice

Whereas mutations in the bmp15 gene cause infertility in ewes and women due to defects in folliculogenesis, most defects in female mice lacking bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-15 are confined to the ovulation process, supportive of the observation that functional mouse BMP-15 is barely detected in oocytes in vivo until after the LH surge. In addition, the mouse BMP-15 proprotein is not processed into the functional mature protein in transfected cells. However, a chimeric protein consisting of the human proregion, human cleavage site, and mouse mature region (termed hhmBMP-15) is processed and the mature protein secreted. To study the role of BMP-15 in folliculogenesis, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing hhmBMP-15, exclusively in oocytes during folliculogenesis and confirmed the overexpression of mouse BMP-15 mature protein. Immature transgenic mice exhibited accelerated follicle growth with decreased primary follicles and an increase in secondary follicles. Granulosa cells of immature mice displ...
Immigrant Dreams: Legal Pathologies and Structural Vulnerabilities Along the Immigration Continuum

This article contextualizes the results from a mixed methods study of the living and working conditions of Latino agricultural workers in northern Montana. The results of both the health needs assessment survey and the retrospective life-histories of these migrant farmworkers paint a picture of a population that is barely surviving in the United States, even after decades of living and working here. This article interrogates Singer's notions of “harmful social conditions and injurious social connections” that characterize syndemics of ill health through a detailed description of how different immigration statuses create particular local biologies embedded in the structural violence of powerlessness and lost life potentials. For Mexican immigrants to the United States, the immigration system itself is a powerful pathogen.
Prostatodynia and interstitial cystitis: one and the same?

Abstract Objectives To investigate further the observation that men with prostatodynia may represent a subset of patients with interstitial cystitis. Methods The charts of 20 patients with the diagnosis of nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia who underwent cystoscopy and bladder hydrodistention were retrospectively reviewed. Results The primary complaint of all 20 patients was genital or rectal pain, or both. Ten patients reported irritative voiding symptoms. Twelve of the 20 patients developed petechial hemorrhages involving the bladder uroepithelium on hydrodistention. Bladder biopsies revealed no significant histopathologic abnormalities. Nine of the 12 patients who developed petechial hemorrhages reported symptomatic improvement at 2- to 3-week follow-ups compared with none of the 8 patients without petechial hemorrhages. Conclusions These findings suggest that the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis should be considered in patients with nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia.
Neuropilin-1 interacts with the second branchial arch microenvironment to mediate chick neural crest cell dynamics.

Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) require neuropilin signaling to reach and invade the branchial arches. Here, we use an in vivo chick model to investigate whether the neuropilin-1 knockdown phenotype is specific to the second branchial arch (ba2), changes in NCC behaviors and phenotypic consequences, and whether neuropilins work together to facilitate entry into and invasion of ba2. We find that cranial NCCs with reduced neuropilin-1 expression displayed shorter protrusions and decreased cell body and nuclear length-to-width ratios characteristic of a loss in polarity and motility, after specific interaction with ba2. Directed NCC migration was rescued by transplantation of transfected NCCs into rhombomere 4 of younger hosts. Lastly, reduction of neuropilin-2 expression by shRNA either solely or with reduction of neuropilin-1 expression did not lead to a stronger head phenotype. Thus, NCCs, independent of rhombomere origin, require neuropilin-1, but not neuropilin-2 to maintain polarity and directed migration into ba2. Developmental Dynamics 239:1664–1673, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Surface-initiated Polymerization of Azidopropyl Methacrylate and its Film Elaboration via Click Chemistry

Azidopropyl methacrylate (AzPMA), a functional monomer with a pendent azido group, polymerizes from surfaces and provides polymer brushes amenable to subsequent elaboration via click chemistry. In DMF at 50 °C, click reactions between poly(AzPMA) brushes and an alkynylated dye proceed with >90% conversion in a few minutes. However, in aqueous solutions, reaction with an alkyne-containing poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG, Mn = 5000) gives <10% conversion after a 12 h reaction at room temperature. Formation of copolymers with AzPMA and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA) enables control over the hydrophilicity and functional group density in the copolymer to increase the yield of aqueous click reactions. The copolymers show reaction efficiencies as high as 60%. These studies suggest that for aqueous applications such as bioconjugation via click chemistry control over brush hydrophilicity is vital.
Persistent measles virus infection of a clonal line of neuroblastoma: Effect on neural differentiation

Abstract Murine neuroblastoma cells, chronically infected with measles virus were examined for changes in neural-specific function and structure as well as cellular growth and macromolecular synthesis. When exposed to neural differentiation-inducing culture conditions, neurite formation and acetylcholinesterase activity are significantly increased in control cultures but not in persistently infected cells. Infected cultures manifest a more rapid doubling time, but depressed RNA and protein synthesis at saturation densities. Higher concentrations of papavarine, a cyclic 3′–5′ AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, result in selective death of persistently infected cells.
Reactivation of carboxylester hydrolase following inhibition by 4-nitrophenyl organophosphinates

Abstract Porcine liver carboxylester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.1; carboxylesterase) was rapidly inhibited by 4-nitrophenyl organophosphinates containing aryl or heteroaryl groups directly bound to phosphorus. The most potent inhibitor was 4-nitrophenyl di-2-thienylphosphinate for which the median inhibitory concentration was 7.4 × 10 −9 M. Rabbit liver monomeric carboxylester hydrolase was inhibited, seperated from excess inhibitor by gel permeation chromatography, and observed for spontaneous or 1,1′-trimethylene-bis(4-formylpyridinium bromide) dioxime (TMB-4)-induced reactivation. Recovery was most rapid ( k = 4 to 7 × 10 −4 min −1 ) from phosphinyl groups containing one alkyl substituent smaller than isopropyl and one aryl or heteroaryl group smaller than naphtyl. The di-2-thienylphosphinylated enzyme was an exeception since it recovered rapidly while lacking an alkyl substituent. Oxime reactivation by TMB-4 doubled rates of recovery.
Cubic twists of GL(2) automorphic L-functions

Let \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})\) and let π be a cuspidal automorphic representation of \(GL(2,\mathbb{A}_K)\). Consider the family of twisted L-functions L(s,π⊗χ) where χ ranges over the cubic Hecke characters of K. In this paper the mean value of this family of L-functions is computed; the result is consistent with the generalized Lindelof hypothesis. From this mean value result a nonvanishing theorem is established: for given s there are infinitely many cubic twists such that the L-value at s is nonzero. At the center of the critical strip the number of such characters of norm less than X is \(\gg X^{1/2-\epsilon}\). These results are obtained by introducing and studying three different families of weighted double Dirichlet series. These series are related by functional equations, some of which are obtained through the study of higher metaplectic Eisenstein series and the Hasse-Davenport relation. The authors establish the continuation of such series and then obtain their main result by Tauberian methods.
Chromatin structure at the 5′ promoter region of the maize Adh2 gene and its role in gene regulation

Three constitutive DNase I hypersensitive sites were mapped between the transcription start site (+1) and-300 bp in the chromatin of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (Adh2) gene. The first site maps at-40 to-70, the second at-150 to-180, and the third at-250 to-285. These sites are present in the chromatin of nuclei from both roots and suspension culture cells. All three hypersensitive sites appear in hypoxic (induced) as well as aerobic (uninduced) states of the gene. However, on induction the sites appear more pronounced and one of these sites (mapping at-40 to-70) extends through the TATA box to the transcription start site. Purified genomic DNA as well as plasmid DNA carrying the same cloned fragment of the Adh2 promoter, show intense hypersensitivity at two sites, between-250 to-360 and-410 to-500. The site between-250 to-360 is present in chromatin but partially protected. The site between-410 to-500 is completely protected in chromatin.
Improving speaker recognition performance in the domain adaptation challenge using deep neural networks

Traditional i-vector speaker recognition systems use a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to collect sufficient statistics (SS). Recently, replacing this GMM with a deep neural network (DNN) has shown promising results. In this paper, we explore the use of DNNs to collect SS for the unsupervised domain adaptation task of the Domain Adaptation Challenge (DAC).We show that collecting SS with a DNN trained on out-of-domain data boosts the speaker recognition performance of an out-of-domain system by more than 25%. Moreover, we integrate the DNN in an unsupervised adaptation framework, that uses agglomerative hierarchical clustering with a stopping criterion based on unsupervised calibration, and show that the initial gains of the out-of-domain system carry over to the final adapted system. Despite the fact that the DNN is trained on the out-of-domain data, the final adapted system produces a relative improvement of more than 30% with respect to the best published results on this task.