cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale shotgun stochastic search for large spatial datasets

Abstract Large spatial datasets often exhibit fine scale features that only occur in sub-domains of the space, coupled with large scale features at much larger ranges. A multi-scale spatial kernel convolution model is developed where fine scale local features are captured by high resolution knots while lower resolution terms are used to describe large scale features. This method achieves parsimony and explicitly identifies the sub-domains of the space that exhibit fine scale attributes by using a form of shotgun stochastic search coupled with a stochastic process prior that induces structured sparsity resulting in spatially varying resolution. In contrast to existing approaches, this approach does not require Markov chain Monte Carlo to produce a fully probabilistic quantification of the prediction uncertainty. In addition, the model does not require a maximum resolution to be specified in advance. The model fitting approach, based on Bayesian model averaging, is computationally feasible on large datasets, as computations for shotgun stochastic search can be performed in parallel, leveraging the availability of convenient formulas for fast updating the coefficients when adding a single knot. Competitive performance for computations, prediction, and interval estimation is demonstrated using simulation experiments and real data.
Chapter 3 – Contract Farming

Contract farming in sub-Saharan Africa generates employment in the rural economy, reduces risk for firms, and provides incomes for farmers. Contract farming will increase in number and in complexity as processors demand more raw products from growers to support expanded production in response to food security, bioenergy production needs, and the need to increase rural income generation. Successful implementation of a contract farming program must address problems of high bargaining costs since a party may engage in opportunism, hostage-taking, or holdout. The programs must also address information asymmetry and unequal bargaining power problems. The contract farming cases highlight the need for proper contract specification, for example, proper specification of quantities to produce, the effect of market changes, especially price, on the behavior of parties, and in an agribusiness context, the importance of entering into agreements with the proper representative in the business to avoid litigation.
Theology of Family Today: Contemporary Struggles and Future Promise:

Before, during, and after the Synods on the family and Pope Francis’s apostolic exhortation, Amoris Laetitia, Catholics have been engaged in extensive debates on the theology of the family in light...
IJAA: Past, Present, and Future

We review 50 years of research published in INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (IJAA), formerly named Interfaces. This historical review considers more than 3,000 publications and details the jou...
Toruńskie Yad Vashem

This paper analyses the Torun Park of National Memory “They behaved decently”, dedicated to Poles who rescued Jews, organized by the “Lux Veritas” Foundation. The author looks at the project and compares them with other Tadeusz Rydzyk’s initiatives concerning Polish help and the role of the Torun media in spreading anti-Semitic content. What is remarkable is the magnification of the number of rescuers and rescued, the symbolic merging of the Righteous with the so-called “accursed soldiers” and the emphasis laid on the role of Poles as victims and the failure to commemorate the Holocaust. The author shows how the Torun park promotes the narration of Poles-Catholics as a nation of rescuers
Bovine Reproductive Health in the 21st Century

Predicting the future is a skill that is not taught in most veterinary curricula, and not practiced by most learned veterinarians. It is an endeavor fraught with hazard, the greatest of which being that a small but wicked minority of those who hear one's predictions will remember them at an importune moment in the future.
Stressed, anxious, and sick from the floods: A photovoice study of climate extremes, differentiated vulnerabilities, and health in Old Fadama, Accra, Ghana

Abstract Although there is a large and growing literature on anticipated climate change impacts on health, we know very little about the linkages between differentiated vulnerabilities to climate extremes and adverse physical and mental health outcomes. In this paper, we examine how recurrent flooding interacts with gendered vulnerability, social differentiation, and place-related historical and structural processes to produce unequal physical and mental health outcomes. We situated the study in Old Fadama, Ghana, using a Photovoice approach (n = 20) and theoretical concepts from political ecologies of health and feminist political ecology. Overall, the study revealed several adverse physical and mental health impacts of flooding, with vulnerability differentiated based particularly on gender and age, but also housing, class, and income. Our findings suggest the need for greater attentiveness to social differentiation in scholarship involving political ecologies of health. The paper builds on the health and place literature by linking the social and contextual to the medical.
Persistent Discrete-Time Dynamics on Measures

A discrete-time structured population model is formulated by a population turnover map F on the cone of finite nonnegative Borel measures that maps the structural population distribution of a given year to the one of the next year. F has a first order approximation at the zero measure (the extinction fixed point), which is a positive linear operator on the ordered vector space of real measures and can be interpreted as a basic population turnover operator. A spectral radius can be defined by the usual Gelfand formula and can be interpreted as basic population turnover number. We continue our investigation (Thieme, H.R.: Discrete-time population dynamics on the state space of measures, Math. Biosci. Engin. 17:1168–1217 (2020). doi: 10.3934/mbe.2020061) in how far the spectral radius serves as a threshold parameter between population extinction and population persistence. Emphasis is on conditions for various forms of uniform population persistence if the basic population turnover number exceeds 1.
Narcolepsy: A clinical review.

ABSTRACT Narcolepsy continues to be a significantly underdiagnosed/misdiagnosed condition worldwide. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an estimated 135,000 to 200,000 patients in the United States are living with narcolepsy. However, due to the number of patients who either do not seek medical advice for their symptoms or receive an incorrect initial diagnosis at onset, this number may be higher. This article reviews the different subtypes of narcolepsy along with the pathophysiology, screening guidelines, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of the disorder. Educational awareness from a healthcare and patient standpoint can enhance early detection and accurate diagnosis of narcolepsy and improve patient quality of life.
COVID-19 vaccination in patients on rituximab: a survey of lymphoma physicians at NCI designated cancer centers.

SARS-CoV2 is a novel betacoronavirus that emerged in 2019 and has resulted in a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. COVID-19 can cause progressive respiratory failure, which...
Urinary Symptoms and Bladder Voiding Dysfunction Are Common in Young Men with Defecatory Disorders: A Retrospective Evaluation.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are frequently reported by constipated patients. Prospective studies investigating the association between defecatory disorders (DDs) and voiding dysfunction, predominantly in women, have reported conflicting results. This study investigated (1) the prevalence of LUTS in young men with DDs and (2) the association between objectively documented DDs and voiding dysfunction in constipated young men with LUTS. We reviewed the medical records, including validated questionnaires, of men aged 18–40 with confirmed DDs treated with pelvic floor physical therapy (PT) at our institution from May 2018 to November 2020. In a separate group of constipated young men with LUTS who underwent high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRM), rectal balloon expulsion test (BET), and uroflowmetry, we explored the relationship between DDs and voiding dysfunction. A total of 72 men were evaluated in the study. Among 43 men receiving PT for a proven DD, 82% reported ≥ 1 LUTS, most commonly frequent urination. Over half of these men experienced a reduction in LUTS severity after bowel-directed pelvic floor PT. Among 29 constipated men with LUTS who had undergone HRM/BET and uroflowmetry, 28% had concurrent defecatory and voiding dysfunction, 10% had DD alone, 14% had only voiding dysfunction, and 48% had neither. The presence of DD was associated with significantly increased odds of concurrent voiding dysfunction (odds ratio 9.3 [95% CI 1.7–52.7]). Most young men with DDs experience LUTS, which may respond to bowel-directed physical therapy. Patients with DD and urinary symptoms have increased odds of voiding dysfunction.
Development and pilot testing of a web-based symptom management program for multiple sclerosis: My MS toolkit.

Objective: We describe the process of working with stakeholders with multiple sclerosis (MS) to develop a web-based multisymptom self-management program to address chronic pain, fatigue, and/or depressive symptoms. The results of a pilot trial to test the feasibility and effects of the program are presented. Method: The first study phase involved the development of a web-based symptom self-management program. The second phase involved a single-arm pilot trial (N = 20) of unguided website use for 12 weeks in adults with MS and elevated levels of chronic pain, fatigue, and/or depressed mood. Results: A web-based symptom self-management program, My MS Toolkit, was developed and released for public use in 2019. The results from the pilot trial showed that on average, participants accessed the website 5.4 times, spending about 7 min on the site per visit. Eighty percent rated intervention-related changes in activity limitations, symptoms, emotions, and overall quality of life as either "somewhat" or "moderately" better. Although there were no significant improvements on outcome measures, of those who screened positive for the outcome of interest (i.e., showed a clinically elevated level of that symptom), clinically significant improvement was seen in 37.5% for fatigue, 45.5% for pain, and 40% for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: My MS Toolkit is an accessible, stakeholder-informed, web-based MS symptom self-management program that demonstrated a clinically significant positive impact on symptoms in a proportion of participants. More research is needed to further examine the effects of this program and elucidate who is most likely to benefit from this type of self-guided intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
PIM-Quantifier: A Processing-in-Memory Platform for mRNA Quantification

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture has been considered as a promising solution for the “memory-wall” issue in many data-intensive applications, especially in bioinformatics. Recent works of developing PIM for genome alignment and assembling have achieved tremendous improvement, while another important genome analysis - mRNA quantification has not been explored. Efficient and accurate mRNA quantification is a crucial step for molecular signature identification, disease outcome prediction and drug development. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a SOT-MRAM based PIM platform, named PIM-Quantifier, for efficient mRNA quantification. A PIM-friendly alignment-free quantification algorithm is first proposed. Then, we present the optimized PIM architecture/circuit designs and mapping method to efficiently accelerate mRNA quantification. Extensive experiments show that PIM-Quantifier significantly improves mRNA quantification performance than CPU and recent other PIM platforms in efficiency defined as throughput/power.
Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminifers: Food and Bottom Water Masses

Benthic foraminifers are an abundant, nearly cosmopolitan and easily preserved component of the deep-sea meiofauna. The benthic foraminiferal faunas are very strongly structured on regional scales. In the western North and South Atlantic the distribution of benthic assemblages follows the distribution of named “water masses,” leading to the expectation that fossil benthic foraminifers from sediment cores allow a reconstruction of past deep-water circulation patterns. However, in many other areas the faunal composition is strongly correlated with the productivity of the overlying surface waters. Such results demonstrate that the benthic meiofauna responds to the integral of the deep environment and it is the limiting or overwhelming influence that determines the success or failure of individual species and thus the composition of the fauna. Analysis of available data clearly indicates that benthic foraminifers are unequivocal indicators of productivity in areas where productivity is high. In areas of low or very uniform productivity the composition of the benthic fauna clearly carries the imprint of deep water mass structure as the dominant feature. Faunal sequences from late Quaternary cores from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans show very strong differentiations. Not only is the glacial/postglacial transition shown, but also much superimposed fine structure. Faunal composition is as sensitive to deep-water environmental change as are geochemical indicators. The faunal composition allows at least some appreciation of the cause for the major changes, but a quantitative differentiation between productivity or water mass changes is not yet possible. If, however, an independent assessment of productivity change is available, then the benthic foraminiferal faunas are exquisite indicators of changes in deep water circulation.
On the Reasons for Social Evolution in Mesoamerica: Intentions in the Models

As proponents of the "new archeology" have repeatedly emphasized (e.g. Watson, Redman, LeBlanc 1971), the description of a series of events does not constitute an explanation of those events. in order to explain events, they must be placed against a theoretical model in terms of which the diverse elements of archeological fact can be seen as some kind of integrated whole. While such a recipe for explanation seems simple enough, problems arise in determining: 1) what model to use, and 2) the precise nature of correspondence between the raw data and the model.
Below the Hamelin Line: CKRZ and Aboriginal Cultural Survival

Abstract: CKRZ, a community radio station serving the Six Nations and New Credit Nations in Southwestern Ontario, is examined here as one of a number of strategies of cultural survival for those it serves. By providing local control over and access to communicative resources and important information, CKRZ is an important community institution. In a detailed examination of the evolution and development of CKRZ, through the collection and analysis of a variety of qualitative and ethnographic data and evidence, I argue that CKRZ has fulfilled its social functions and roles in a very divided and factionalized community by remaining open to the participation of all residents regardless of their chosen affiliations and by not identifying too completely with any specific interests or segments of the community. Resume: CKRZ est une station de radio communautaire desservant les Six Nations et les Nations "New Credite" ("Nouveau Credit") dans le sud-ouest de l'Ontario. Cet article examine cette station de radio en tant qu'exemple d'une des nombreuses strategies de survie culturelle pour ceux et celles qu'elle sert. En permettant un controle local de ressources communicationnelles et d'information importante et en donnant acces a celles-ci, CKRZ est une institution communautaire importante. Dans un examen detaille de l'evolution et du developpement de CKRZ se fondant sur le recueil et l'analyse d'une variete de donnees et d'indices qualitatifs et ethnographiques, je soutiens que CKRZ a pu remplir ses fonctions et roles sociaux dans une communaute tres divisee et agitee en restant ouvert a la participation de tous les habitants, peu importe les affiliations que ceux-ci ont choisies, sans trop s'identifier a des interets ou a des segments particuliers de la communaute.
Researche advances on CIK cells and their clinical use in lung cancer

As the leading cause of cancer-related death among human beings, lung cancer seriously threats peoples' health all over the world. Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) is a new kind of adaptive immune cells characterized by its dramatic proliferation ability and cytotoxicity, non-major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) restriction and low side effects, which draw an increasing attention in recent years. The review is to introduce the basic features and mechanism of CIK cells briefly and summarize the researches of CIK cells used in the clinical therapy for lung cancer. Finally, we discuss several problems that should be addressed before CIK cells are widely applied to clinical patients.
Sensitivity of Consensus Criteria in the Quantitative Classification of Primary Progressive Aphasia (P6.233)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how well the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) consensus criteria could classify subjects using a quantitative speech and language battery that matches the test descriptions provided by the consensus criteria. BACKGROUND : While the PPA consensus criteria provide guidelines for syndromic classification, there are no guidelines about which particular tests, and cut-offs, should be utilized in classification. DESIGN/METHODS: One-hundred and five participants with a neurodegenerative speech and language disorder were prospectively recruited in this case control study. All subjects underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, speech and language testing, and MRI. Twenty-one participants with apraxia of speech without aphasia served as controls. The subjects were syndromically classified using select tests and cut-offs from the speech and language battery. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to examine participants that could not be classified. RESULTS: Of the 84 aphasic subjects, 58 (69%) could be classified as agrammatic (27%), semantic (7%), or logopenic (35%)variants of PPA. The remaining 31% of participants could not be classified. Of the unclassifiable participants, two clusters were identified. The speech and language profile of the first cluster resembled mild logopenic PPA and the second cluster semantic PPA. Grey matter patterns of loss of these two clusters of unclassified participants also resembled mild logopenic and semantic variants. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative application of consensus PPA criteria yields the three syndromic variants but leaves a large proportion unclassified. Therefore, the current consensus criteria need to be modified in order to improve sensitivity. Study Supported by: NIH R01-AG037491. Disclosure: Dr. Wicklund has nothing to disclose. Dr. Duffy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Machulda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Whitwell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose.
Static and dynamic analysis: better together

Static analysis and dynamic analysis have dual properties. Static analysis has high coverage, but is imprecise, and produces false alarms. Dynamic analysis has low coverage, but has high precision. We present lessons learned from three different projects, where we have combined the complementary strengths of static and dynamic analysis to solve interesting problems:
NATURE OF THE DETERMINANT CONTROLLING PENICILLINASE PRODUCTION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Abstract Harmon, Shirley A. (Ohio State University, Columbus), and Jack N. Baldwin. Nature of the determinant controlling penicillinase production in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 87:593–597. 1964.—From three penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus 38 penicillin-sensitive mutants were isolated. With phages 80 and 53 of the International Typing Series, each of these mutants was a competent recipient of the penicillinase marker from the parent strains. Although numerous reciprocal transductions were performed between penicillin-sensitive mutants, no penicillinase-producing recombinants were observed. Reversion of the penicillinase-negative mutants to capacity to produce penicillinase was never observed. When tested for 50 distinctive physiological characteristics, the mutants generally were similar to the parent strains except for resistance to penicillin. One penicillin-sensitive mutant failed to produce detectable amounts of five exoenzymes. By treating resistant strains with acridine orange, it was possible to isolate sensitive strains at a frequency that was 60 times greater than the spontaneous mutation rate. Thus, the determinant controlling the capacity of strains of S. aureus to produce penicillinase appears to be a cytoplasmic element.
Challenges Facing Rural Community Colleges: Issues and Problems Today and Over the Past 30 Years

For over 30 years, researchers and practitioners have identified challenges unique to small, rural community colleges. The purpose of this study was to examine the distinctive problems facing rural community colleges today and the challenges those institutions must address to fulfill their mission in rural America. There are 5 current challenges commonly identified by 10 rural community college administrators in Kansas: technology use, grant writing, an evolving student population and corresponding changes to the mission, funding inequalities between institutions, and hiring qualified people. Identified challenges were compared with problems described in the literature from the last 30 years.
On the origin of near-radial magnetic fields in the heliosphere: Numerical simulations

Deviations from the direction of the "Parker spiral" can be found in in situ measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field on essentially all scales. One intriguing subset is the intervals of near-radial magnetic field, lasting for many hours. Some such intervals are obviously associated with coronal mass ejections, while others appear to be embedded within the ambient solar wind. Most occur on declining speed profiles, such that, when mapped back to the Sun, an entire radial field interval appears to have been launched at approximately the same time. It has been proposed that these events are the result of abrupt, semipermanent speed decreases on these field lines close to the Sun, and that such speed changes might be due to interchange reconnection. In this study, we use a three-dimensional, time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic model to assess to what extent this can account for near-radial magnetic fields observed relatively far out in the heliosphere. We find that sudden speed drops on the trailing portions of high-speed flows can produce strongly underwound (that is near radial) field lines in the heliosphere, although significantly larger speed gradients are required than are typically observed. Moreover, the simulations also reproduce the decreases in density, temperature, and magnetic field strength that are also commonly observed within these events. The question of what produces the abrupt speed drops remains to be answered.
Computer simulation as a research tool: The DISCUSS model of group decision making

Abstract Computer simulation is a useful means of representing and articulating social psychological theory. It is particularly useful for integrating separate theoretical propositions about human behavior into a single functioning model of social interaction. The DISCUSS model illustrates how theoretical ideas about individual recall and integration of information can be combined to yield a model of group discussion and decision making. By simulating information flow during discussion, the model accounted for the findings of Stasser and Titus (1985) . They demonstrated that groups frequently fail to discover that their collective knowledge favors one alternative when their individually held information favors another. Moreover, model simulations suggested that this failure can occur even when members do not bias their contributions to discussion in order to support their preferences. Finally, the DISCUSS model was used to explore the impact of minorities on information sampling during discussion.
Quantitative improvements in peptide recovery at elevated chromatographic temperatures from microcapillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of brain using selected reaction monitoring.

Elevated chromatographic temperatures are well recognized to provide beneficial analytical effects. Previously, we demonstrated that elevated chromatographic temperature enhances the identification of hydrophobic peptides from enriched membrane samples. Here, we quantitatively assess and compare the recovery of peptide analytes from both simple and complex tryptic peptide matrices using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry. Our study demonstrates that elevated chromatographic temperature results in significant improvements in the magnitude of peptide recovery for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides from both simple and complex peptide matrices. Importantly, the analytical benefits for quantitative measurements in mouse whole brain matrix are highlighted, suggesting broad utility in the proteomic analyses of complex mammalian tissues. Any improvement in peptide recovery from chromatographic separations translates directly to the apparent sensitivity of downstream mass analysis in micr...
Improved cardiac motion detection from ultrasound images using TDIOF: a combined B-mode/ tissue Doppler approach

Quantitative motion analysis of echocardiographic images helps clinicians with the diagnosis and therapy of patients suffering from cardiac disease. Quantitative analysis is usually based on TDI (Tissue Doppler Imaging) or speckle tracking. These methods are based on two independent techniques – the Doppler Effect and image registration, respectively. In order to increase the accuracy of the speckle tracking technique and cope with the angle dependency of TDI, herein, a combined approach dubbed TDIOF (Tissue Doppler Imaging Optical Flow) is proposed. TDIOF is formulated based on the combination of B-mode and Doppler energy terms in an optical flow framework and minimized using algebraic equations. In this paper, we report on validations with simulated, physical cardiac phantom, and in-vivo patient data. It is shown that the additional Doppler term is able to increase the accuracy of speckle tracking, the basis for several commercially available echocardiography analysis techniques.
On the origin of the bathochromic shift in rhodopsin

Abstract Semi-empirical calculations (CNDO/S) of the spectral properties of 11-cis N-methyl PRSB-benzene complexes are carried out. When the benzene moiety is oriented above C 11 C 14 region of the chromophore, such that maximum overlap between the π-systems of the two moities could be achieved, the calculations show a bathochromic shift and charge transfer accompanying the transitions. Assuming the CNDO/S calculations give at least qualitatively correct results, it is predicted that an occurrence of charge transfer can be related to the origin of the bathochromic shift in rhodopsin.
Evidence for a metal–insulator transition atB = 0 in Si/SiGe/Si quantum wells

Abstract The temperature dependence of the resistivity of gated Si-SiGe quantum-well structures has revealed a metal–insulator transition as a function of carrier density at zero magnetic field. Although early scaling theories have argued against the existence of a metal–insulator transition at zero temperature in infinite two-dimensional systems, it is now clear experimentally that such a transition can occur in systems with short-range scatterers. We have studied the magneto-transport properties of holes confined in strained p-type Si-Si0.87Ge0.13-Si quantum wells grown by ultra-high-vacuum chemical-vapor deposition. In the temperature range 25 mK–4.2 K, there is a transition from an insulating phase at low carrier densities to a metallic phase at high carrier densities with a transition boundary near 3.3×1011cm−2. Evidence for a Coulomb gap is presented in the insulating phase.
COMPARATIVE RADIOBIOLOGY OF FAST NEUTRONS: RELEVANCE TO RADIOTHERAPY AND BASIC STUDIES?

Abstract Comparative neutron radiobiological properties relevant to radiation therapy are being investigated using V79 Chinese hamster cells in culture. Three neutron beams are being used: linear accelerator-produced neutrons, p + → Be, at the Cancer Therapy Facility of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermi); cyclotron-produced neutrons, d + → Be, at the Franklin McLean Research Institute, University of Chicago (FMI): and fission-produced neutrons at the JANUS Reactor of the Argonne National Laboratory (JANUS). The mean neutron energies of the Fermi, FMI and JANUS beams are 25 MeV, 3.6 MeV and 0.85 MeV, respectively. The RBE values of cell survival relative to 250 kVp X-rays, at a given surviving fraction, decreased in the order JANUS, FMI, Fermi, a trend opposite to the mean neutron energy. The OER's measured with Fermi and JANUS neutrons were essentially the same, however. Other radiobiological studies have been initiated with JANUS neutrons. Results from two-dose fractionation experiments showed that very little repair of neturon-induced sublethal damage occurred for incubation at 37°C for intervals up to 5 hr between exposures. Data from postirradiation growth kinetics indicated that neutron radiation produces cell division delays that increase linearly with dose. An RBE for cell division delay, relative to 55 kV X-rays, was calculated to be approximately 3.5, which is close to the upper limit of the RBE values for survivals. Hyperthermic treatment, immediately following neutron irradiation, enhanced cell killing. Postirradiation treatments of cells with hypo- and hyper-tonicity also resulted in enhanced cell killing.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

There is general agreement that long-term hypoxemia stimulates the renin-angiotensin system, but the effects of short-term hypoxemia are less certain. For these reasons, we measured plasma renin activity (PRA) by radioimmunoassay in 14 hypoxemic infants, age 2-3 days, with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The same studies were repeated 5-7 days later, after the infants' condition had improved markedly. Comparisons were also made with a group of age and weight matched normal premature infants (n=6), and with a group of age matched normal term infants (n-10). The following results (mean±SE) were obtained.
Effects of Intrapartum Zidovudine Therapy on Fetal Heart Rate Parameters in Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Objective: To determine the effects of intrapartum maternal administration of zidovudine on fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
An occupational taxonomy by professional characteristics: Implications for research

Abstract Theorists concerned with the nature of professionalism and researchers investigating professionals in the work environment often assume that professional occupations are a unique occupational type. To test this assumption, an occupational taxonomy based on nine dimensions of professionalism was derived empirically. The taxonomy represented expectations only to a moderate degree. Several implications were noted for the use of occupational taxonomies in the generalization of research findings on one occupational group to other occupational groups in the same classification.
ON THE PUNCHE DDECORATION IN MEDIEVAL PANEL PAINTING AND MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION.

(1972). ON THE PUNCHE DDECORATION IN MEDIEVAL PANEL PAINTING AND MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION. Studies in Conservation: Vol. 17, Lisbon Congress 1972: Conservation of Paintings and the Graphic Arts, pp. 115-121.
Sesquiterpenoids from actinomycetes

Abstract A new sesquiterpenol, m.p. 91°, produced by Streptomyces fradiae IMRU 3535 has been shown to be selina-4(14),7(11)-diene-9-ol (I) by its spectral properties and chemical transformations.
Expression of the homeobox gene Hex during early stages of chick embryo development

Abstract Whole mount in situ hybridization studies were performed to investigate the expression pattern of the homeobox gene Hex (also known as Prh) during early stages of chick embryogenesis. At the time of laying, cHex transcripts are detected in Koller's sickle and the forming hypoblast. During gastrulation (HH stage 4), cHex is expressed in anteriorly-displaced hypoblast cells. At stage 6, cHex transcripts are observed within endoderm in an anterior arc that overlaps the cardiogenic region. Later cHex expression is observed within pharyngeal endoderm immediately adjacent to the forming myocardium, in the endocardium and in the liver and thyroid gland primordia. cHex transcripts are also detected within blood islands beginning at stage 4, and in extraembryonic and intraembryonic vascular endothelial cells as vessels form.
Critical Review: Building on the HIV Cascade: A Complementary "HIV States and Transitions" Framework for Describing HIV Diagnosis, Care, and Treatment at the Population Level.

The HIV cascade – often referred to as “the HIV continuum” – provides a valuable framework for population-level representations of engagement with the HIV healthcare system. The importance and appeal of this framework are evidenced by a large body of scientific literature, as well as the adoption of cascade-related indicators by medical and public health organizations worldwide. Despite its centrality in the fields of HIV treatment and prevention, however, the traditional cascade provides limited description of the processes affecting the numbers it represents. Representations that describe these processes and capture the dynamic nature of HIV-infected persons’ pathways through the healthcare system are essential for monitoring and predicting intervention effects and epidemic trends. We propose here a complementary schema – termed the “HIV States and Transitions” framework – designed to maintain key strengths of the traditional cascade while addressing key limitations and more fully describing the dynamic aspects of HIV testing, care, and treatment at the population level.
Association between alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome

Abstract Aims Examine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods Sample (N = 7432) included adult (≥20 years) participants in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results Above moderate alcohol consumption (AMAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 20–29, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −6.21, β = −8.34, and β = −6.60, respectively) and moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 30–39, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −4.60, β = −5.69, and β = −2.88, respectively). AMAC was negatively associated with triglycerides among those in the 70–79 and 80+ age groups (β = −23.62 and β = −34.18, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-C levels in all groups (β range 8.96–18.25). MAC was positively associated with HDL-C in the age groups spanning 20–69 years (β range 3.05–5.34) and those over 80 (β = 5.26). AMAC and MAC were negatively associated with fasting glucose levels in the 20–29 and 70–79 age groups (β = −3.38 and −15.61, respectively). MAC was negatively associated with fasting glucose levels among those 70–79 and those over 80 years of age (β = −7.06 and β = −5.00, respectively). Conclusion MAC and AMAC may favorably impact metabolic health.
Viable Algae in House Dust

HUMAN allergic reactions to algae have been documented1, but so far these disorders have been recognized only after exposure to algae-infested waters. A number of investigators have suggested, however, that air-borne algae constitute a source of respiratory hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals2–4. Viable cultures of algae were obtained from atmospheric samples by van Overeem in 19375. More recently, Gregory et al.6, Schlichting7 and Brown et al.3 confirmed and extended these findings. Air-borne dissemination of algae was suspected as an explanation for the high incidence of positive skin reactions, reaginic antibodies, and positive provocative responses obtained in atopic patients tested with aqueous extracts of various species of green algae4. It seemed that one likely source of air-borne algae would be ordinary house dust and we now report the results of our investigation of this possibility.
EUV pellicle development for mask defect control

The absence of a reliable non-removable pellicle is a significant obstacle in the development of EUV lithography. In this paper we present analytical and experimental results of a pellicle concept. The concept is based on the development of an EUV transmissive film supported with a wire-mesh. The form factor of the proposed solution is not different from a standard pellicle application, thus this would not require dramatic tool design changes. Results from developmental studies of two materials, silicon (Si) and ruthenium (Ru), are presented. As expected, Si shows oxidation on both surfaces of the thin film, while the less transmissive Ru has excellent resistance to oxidation. Spectral analysis at EUV wavelengths of pellicle coupons agrees very well with the theoretical analysis.
Effects of Usage and Name on Perceptions of New Products

Longitudinal changes in perceptions of both new and existing brands in the same product class are studied. Specifically pairwise similarity judgments are collected before and after participation in a 6-occasion choice and usage experiment. Comparisons are made across both the original similarity jugments and the resulting group-level perceptual spaces. Changes are a function of type of brand old or new and experimental manipulations. Substantively, the results support the previously untested configural invariance hypothesis, i.e., the perceptions of existing brands are not substantially changed by the introduction of new brands that are relatively different. This suggests this type of scaling technique can be used to predict consumer reactions to new product introductions---even if they are fairly different from current offerings.
Mortality among twins born to unmarried teenagers in the United States.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the association between unmarried status and infant mortality among twins born to teenagers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on twin live births to teenagers in the United States from 1995 through 1998 using the Vital Records assembled by the National Center for Health Statistics. We compared mortality estimates among twins of single to those of married mothers using the generalized estimating equation framework, which also adjusted for intracluster correlations. Results: Analysis involved 28592 individual twins of teenager mothers, with both cluster members being live-born. Out of these, 21.8% (n = 6238) were born to married and 78.2% (n = 22,354) to single mothers. Infant and postneonatal mortality was 17% and 36% higher among twins of single teenager mothers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.40) and (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.01–1.87), respectively. However, neonatal mortality was comparable (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.92–1.34). Twins of single mothers were also more likely to be of low birth weight, very low birth weight, preterm and very preterm (p < 0.0001) but had the same risk level for smallness for gestational age as compared to twins of married teenagers. Conclusions: Single motherhood was associated with increased infant mortality among twins born to teenagers. The critical time of elevated risk was the postneonatal period and the survival disadvantage of twins of single mothers was as a result of the higher-than-expected level of preterm rather than small for gestational age births. These findings have potential clinical and public health relevance.
First-principles calculation of the residual electrical resistivity of random alloys

Results of numerical calculations of the electrical resistivity of the following primary solid solution alloys are presented: Cu(Zn,), Cu(Ga), Cu(Ge), Ag(Pd), and Ni(Mo). Our theoretical model is one reported earlier by Butler and uses a charge--self-consistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential approximation. The calculations are valid for strong as well as weak scattering, and for the first time, vertex corrections are included. Excellent agreement is obtained with experiment for the resistivity.
AEROBIC EXERCISE TREATMENT OF JUVENILE OBESITY

The effectiveness of aerobic exercise (Ex) and of behavioral, nutritional and social support (BNS) interventions were evaluated in 92 obese children in three primary public schools. In School A 28 children received 12 weeks of both Ex and BNS. In School B 42 children received only BNS. In School C 22 control children received no treatment. Before intervening there were no significant differences in group means for age, height, weight (Wt), triceps fatfold (Tri), or heart rate 10 sec after exercise (HR ex). This table shows the mean group changes with intervention (Δ) and their statistical significance (*p<0.01): Vigorous recreational aerobic exercise for 25 minutes a day resulted in a significant reduction in weight, fatfold and heart rate response to exericse in obese school children that was not seen in matched control groups who received no exercise.
Phase-slip analysis of the non-Ohmic transition in granular YBa2Cu3O6.9.

The resistive transition of granular ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.9}$ as a function of current density (0.03\char21{}10 A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) and magnetic field (0\char21{}75 G), applied perpendicular and parallel to the current direction, has been examined. These results are analyzed using the Ambegaokar-Halperin phase-slip theory. By allowing the Josephson coupling energy (\ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{c}}$/e) to vary with current, temperature, and magnetic field, satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained. Near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ we find the coupling energy's temperature dependence to be (1-T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$${)}^{0.85}$ and its magnetic field dependence to be ${\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$. This field and temperature dependence is interpreted in terms of thermally activated flux creep.
Thyroid and the eye.

Any thyroid cancer can metastasize to the uveal tract, even after decades; medullary thyroid cancer can be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis and lagophthalmos are prognostic markers for more severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The restric
Reciprocal Influences among Adrenocortical Activation, Psychosocial Processes, and the Behavioral Adjustment of Clinic-Referred Children.

The reciprocal effects among cognitive-behavioral, environmental, and biological influences on clinic-referred children's (N = 64; 34 boys; M age 12.71 years) short-term psychological and psychiatric adjustment were studied. At clinic intake and 6 months later, standardized measures of adjustment and control-related beliefs were assessed. Before and after conflict-oriented parent-child interaction tasks the children's saliva was sampled. Adrenocortical responses (i.e., increases in salivary cortisol) to the social conflict task predicted children's internalizing problem behaviors and anxiety disorders at follow-up. Consistently high adrenocortical reactivity at intake and follow-up was associated with deflated social competence over the 6-month period. Also, specific patterns of discontinuity in children's internalizing behavior problems predicted individual differences in their subsequent adrenocortical responsiveness. Specifically, rising behavior problem levels across time predicted higher and declining behavior problem levels predicted lower adrenocortical reactivity at follow-up. Findings are among the first to suggest links among internalizing behavior problems, adrenocortical responsiveness to social challenge, and clinic-referred children's short-term cognitive-behavioral and emotional adjustment.
The analogic cellular neural network as a bionic eye

The conception of the CNN universal machine has led quite naturally to the invention of the analogic CNN bionic eye (henceforth referred to simply as the bionic eye). the basic idea is to combine the elementary functions, the building blocks, of the retina and other 2 1/2 D sensory organs, algorithmically, in a stored programme of a CNN universal machine, through the use of artificial analogic programmes. the term bionic is defined in a rigorous way: it is a nonlinear, dynamic, spatiotemporal biological model implemented in a stored programme electronic (optoelectronic) device; this device is in our case the analogic CNN universal machine (or chip). The aim of this paper is to report on this new invention, particularly to electronic and computer engineers, in a tutorial way. We begin by summarizing (1) the biological aspects of the range of retinal function (the retinal universe), (2) the CNN paradigm and the CNN universal machine architecture and (3) the general principles of retinal modelling in CNN. Next we describe new CNN circuit and template design innovations that can be used to implement physiological functions in the retina and other sensory organs using the CNN universal machine. Finally we show how to combine given retinal functional elements implemented in the CNN universal machine with analogic algorithms to form the bionic retina. the resulting system can be used not only for simulating biological retinal function but also for generating functions that go far beyond biological capabilities. Several bionic retina functions, different topographic modalities and analogic CNN algorithms can then be combined to form the analogic CNN bionic eye. the qualitative aspects of the models, especially the range of dynamics and accuracy considerations in VLSI optoelectronic implementations, are outlined. Finally, application areas of the bionic eye and possibilities of constructing innovative devices based on this invention (such as the bionic eyeglass or the visual mouse) are described.
Lateral Thoracic Excisions in the Post Massive Weight Loss Patient

The lateral vertical thoracic excision has been a useful adjunct to more traditional techniques. As more patients undergo massive weight loss, more patients will present to plastic surgeons with complaints of fullness and excess in areas of the body not addressed by more traditional techniques. The lateral vertical thoracic excision can offer a solution to a difficult problem.
Access to Intracellular Calcium during Development in the Feline Gastric Antrum

Circular smooth muscle cells from the feline newborn antrum, unlike the adult, are unable to respond to myogenic agonists in the absence of extracellular calcium or to exogenous inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3). This study examined the reasons behind the relative inaccessibility of intracellular calcium stores in the newborn period. IP3 binding was determined in antral smooth muscle homogenates from adult cats and newborns by evaluating the competitive binding of D-myo-[3H]IP3 and unlabeled IP3. Receptor density (Bmax) (fmol/mg of protein) and binding affinity(Kd) were determined. The Kd was similar in adults (31 ± 4 nM) and newborns (28 ± 7 nM); however, the Bmax was markedly decreased in the newborn (647 ± 181.0 fmol/mg) compared with the adult (1755 ± 275 fmol/mg). In adult and newborn antral cells, thapsigargin, which causes a net release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores by inhibiting Ca2+-ATPase-dependent re-uptake activity, caused an early contraction at 30 s that was maintained for at least 20 min. We conclude that, in the newborn, dynamic intracellular calcium stores are present in the smooth muscle of the feline antrum and that differences in accessibility of intracellular calcium stores may be related to changes in the release of calcium from IP3-sensitive stores.