cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dibutyryl cyclic-AMP mimics the effect of ovariectomy on a dehydrogenase in hormone-dependent mammary tumors.

Abstract Growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene(DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma is arrested by either ovariectomy or treatment with N 6 ,0 2′ dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3 ′, 5 ′-monophosphate (DBcAMP). When this occurs, a change in the isozyme pattern of glucose- 6 -phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6 PD) is observed. In growing tumors, 4 major molecular forms of glucose- 6 -phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6 PD), designated G 6 PD- 1 , - 2 , - 3 and - 4 , have been identified by their distinct electrophoretic mobilities, subcellular localizations, and substrate and cofactor specificities. In regressing tumors, due to either ovariectomy or DBcAMP treatment, G 6 PD- 3 (microsome-associated) activity disappears. This activity reappears when tumor growth is resumed by either the injection of estradiol-valerate or cessation of DBcAMP treatment. A change in G 6 PD- 3 activity does not occur in those DMBA tumors that continue to grow, rather than regress, after ovariectomy or DBcAMP treatment. G 6 PD- 1 and - 2 (post microsomal supernatant-associated) activities decrease only during ovariectomy-induced tumor regression and G 6 PD- 4 (mitochondria-associated) activity remains inaltered during DMBA tumor regression. The disappearance of G 6 PD- 3 activity appears to be a common biochemical parameter found in the regression of a hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma following either ovariectomy or DBcAMP treatment of the host.
Single-photon all-optical switching using waveguide-cavity quantum electrodynamics

This paper demonstrates switching of a single signal photon by a single gating photon of a different frequency, via a cross-phase-modulation. This effect is mediated by materials exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which are embedded in photonic crystals (PhCs). An analytical model based on waveguide-cavity QED is constructed for our system, which consists of a PhC waveguide and a PhC microcavity containing a four-level EIT atom. It is solved exactly and analyzed using experimentally accessible parameters. It is found that the strong coupling regime is required for lossless two-photon quantum entanglement.
The response of IL-3 dependent B6SUtA bone marrow cells to both erythropoietin and chemical inducers of differentiation

To develop cell lines which respond to both a physiological cytokine and chemical agents by the induction of differentiation pathway, factor dependent B6SUtA murine bone marrow cells were transfected with the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). Clones were obtained that exhibited different sensitivities to erythopoietin (Epo), with one clone exhibiting erythroid differentiation in response to Epo, while in another Epo acted as a proliferation stimulus. Moreover, parental B6SUtA cells were sensitive to the initiation of differentiation by butyrate, diazepam and hemin. Thus, B6SUtA cells appear to represent a unique model to dissect the signaling molecules involved in the growth and differentiation pathways employed by Epo and non-physiological chemicals.
Mortgage contracts in a general equilibrium model when there are inflation shocks

Abstract This paper examines the general equilibrium effects of anticipated and unanticipated inflation shocks when an asset such as housing is financed by long-term contracts. Unlike other analyses of housing and mortgage finance, this model specifies that financial markets are fully integrated. Within a simple three-period overlapping generations model, agents obtain a mortgage in the first period and maximize utility under the constraint that no borrowing for consumption is allowed. Following inflation shocks, transition paths of endogenous interest rates, house prices, and welfare can be traced in simulations of the economy under the assumption of rational expectations. When nominal contracts prevail, an unexpected increase in the inflation rate causes a decline in the real rate of interest, owing to adjustments in the loanable funds market. Thus, real effects emerge even in the absence of tax distortions or explicit modelling of uncertainty. I contrast these real effects, given loans in the form of adjustable rate mortgages, with the absence of such effects when loans are price-level-adjusted mortgages.
Neutron delayed choice experiments

Abstract Delayed choice experiments for neutrons can help extend the interpretation of quantum mechanical phenomena. They may also rule out alternative explanations which static interference experiments allow. A simple example of a feasible neutron test is presented and discussed.
(3He, α) reaction on 64Zn and 70Ge

Abstract The low-lying levels in 63 Zn and 69 Ge have been studied by the 64 Zn( 3 He, α) 63 Zn and 70 Ge( 3 He, α) 69 Ge reactions at 18 MeV. Angular distributions of α-particles leading to strong states in 63 Zn and 69 Ge up to 7 MeV excitation energy were measured using solid-state detectors. Optical-model potential parameters determined from the analysis of the 64 Zn( 3 He, 3 He) 64 Zn angular distribution were used in the DWBA analysis. The following spin and parity assignments are made for 63 Zn: ground state, 3 2 − ; 0.19 MeV state; 5 2 − ; 0.64 MeV state, ( 3 2 − , 1 2 − ); 1.64 MeV state, ( 5 2 − ); 2.60 MeV state, ( 7 2 − ); 3.28 MeV state, ( 7 2 − ); 5.42 MeV state, ( 3 2 − ); 6.80 MeV state, ( 3 2 − ) - for 69 Ge: ground sate, 5 2 − ); 0.09 MeV state, ( 5 2 − ); 0.23 MeV state, ( 3 2 − , 1 2 − ); 0.38 MeV state, 3 2 − ; 1.00 MeV state, ( 3 2 − , 1 2 − ); 7.00 MeV state, 3 2 − . The 5.42 and 6.80 MeV states in 63 Zn are probably analogue states of the ground state and 1.42 MeV state in 63 Cu. The 7.00 MeV state in 69 Ge is identified as the analogue state of the ground state in 69 Ga. Spectroscopic factors were extracted. The result shows that the neutron occupation numbers of the p 3 2 , f 5 2 and p 1 2 levels in 64 Zn and 70 Ge are approximately 2, 3, 1 and 4, 4, 1, respectively.
Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure in the Western world. It accounts for 15-25% of all renal failure in patients requiring chronic dialysis. About 20% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and less than 15% of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes develop clinically significant nephropathy. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in pregnant patients with insulin-dependent diabetes is estimated to be 6%. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the drug of choice in treating women with diabetic nephropathy. In addition, many of these drugs may be started before conception. Unfortunately, these agents might be fetotoxic when taken during pregnancy. This article reviews the epidemiology and natural history of diabetic nephropathy, discusses the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors, reviews the effect of ACE inhibitors on fetomaternal outcome when used prior to and during pregnancy in women with diabetic nephropathy and discusses the new class of drugs, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, in the management of diabetics who have or are prone to developing diabetic nephropathy.
Higher order pattern structure influences auditory representational momentum.

Representational momentum refers to the phenomenon that observers tend to incorrectly remember an event undergoing real or implied motion as shifted beyond its actual final position. This has been demonstrated in both visual and auditory domains. In 5 pitch discrimination experiments, listeners heard tone sequences that implied either linear, periodic, or null motions in pitch space. Their task was to judge whether the pitch of a probe tone following each sequence was the same or different from the final sequence tone. Results suggested that listeners made errors consistent with extrapolation of coherent pitch patterns (linear, periodic) but not with incoherent (null) ones. Hypotheses associated with internalized physical principles and pattern-based expectations are discussed. Language: en
Propagation in generalized gyrotropic media

Generalized gyrotropic media are characterized by four axes, three being the principal axes of the anisotropic media before application of the steady magnetic field H_{0} , and the fourth being the direction of H_{0} . They can be synthetically fabricated from an appropriately stratified pile of ferrite rods. Although much more complicated than for ordinary gyrotropic media (which are characterized by a single axis of H_{0} ) the basic modes of radio propagation in such generalized media turn out to have some surprisingly simple properties. For example H_{0} , and the three principal directions of propagation of characteristically elliptically polarized planewaves, lie in a common plane. Formulas for these characteristic polarizations in terms of the tensor permeability are also very simple.
Nighttime changes of the ionosphere during geomagnetic storms

Abstract Electron density profiles below the maximum of the ionosphere have been computed for quiet and disturbed conditions during three geomagnetic storms. The profiles were computed for several stations of different latitude along the 75°W meridian and were compared at specific nighttime hours when significant changes in height make necessary the investigation of the entire profile rather than N max alone. This analysis has shown that at higher geomagnetic latitudes, the storm-time values of h max . and N max are considerably higher than the quiet values in the pre-midnight period. In the post-midnight period, h max is still much larger while nmax falls below the quiet values. The transition to this pattern seems to occur around 30–40° N geomagnetic latitude moving possibly to lower latitudes for the more intense storms. For the low latitude stations, we could not detect a well defined, repetitive pattern of storm time changes for the the three storms analyzed.
Communication discrepancy and intent to persuade as determinants of counterargument production

What attributes of prospective propaganda affect amount of anticipatory counterargumentation? One hundred and sixty-one introductory psychology students were asked to list their thoughts before reading a communication advocating an increase in tuition at their university. The manipulated independent variables were communication discrepancy (amount of advocated increase in tuition), whether or not the authors of the forthcoming communication intended to persuade, and the inclusion or not of a “priming” counterargument illustration. The principal dependent variable was a counterargument score obtained from coding precommunication thoughts written in the ten-minute interval before the communication was presented. A second dependent variable was subsequent acceptance of the communication. Counterarguing was increased by communication discrepancy (p < .001), by the perceived intent of the communicators to persuade (p < .10), and by the inclusion of a “priming” counterargument (p < .001). None of the interactions approached reliability. Statistically large inverse within-cell correlations between counterarguing and measures of communication acceptance suggested that prior counterarguing increased resistance to the communication. Examination of others' results relating to communication discrepancy and forewarning led to the recommendation that working theoretical models of communication and persuasion be broadened to include registration of warning and active defensive coping as integral phases of all social influence processes.
Coaxial hybrid plasmonic nanowire waveguides

We investigate two different types of coaxial hybrid plasmonic nanowire waveguides. The first type consists of a metal cladding, a sandwiched low index dielectric layer, and a high index dielectric core. The second type is the reverse version of the first type. We analyze their modal properties by the use of the mode hybridization concept and calculate the dispersion relations, normalized mode areas, and confinement factors. For the first kind of hybrid waveguide, we can obtain less loss with similar confinement and slightly less overlap between optical modes and the core region. For the second kind of hybrid waveguide, we can obtain strong confinement and enhanced optical fields in a low refractive index region.
Value pattern of a conservative

Abstract The Wilson—Patterson Conservatism Scale and Form D of the Rokeach Value Survey were administered to 115 introductory psychology students (63 males, 52 females) to determine the value pattern of a conservative individual. The data indicated that the conservative person placed greater importance on values that were concerned with religious fundamentalism, insistence on strict rules, the control of emotions and wishes, and the maintenance of high standards and de-emphasized values that were concerned with intellectual curiosity, autonomy, ambiguity, an hedonistic outlook and tolerance of minority groups. This value pattern substantiated Wilson and Patterson's description of a conservative.
Improving light quantification of large breast lesions imaged by diffuse optical tomography

Due to the exponential decay of the photon density wave, the accuracy of quantifying deeper portion of the large lesions by diffuse optical tomography in reflection geometry is much lower than that of the top portion. In this study, we introduce a modified depth correction method that incorporates the target depth information provided by co-registered ultrasound. Phantom experiments and clinical example will be presented to demonstrate the utility of the method in improving light quantification of large lesions.
Self-reactive B cells are not eliminated or inactivated by autoantigen expressed on thyroid epithelial cells.

Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membrane antigens. To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. In contrast to the deletion of autoreactive B cells triggered by systemic mHEL (Hartley, S.B., J. Crosbie, R. Brink, A.B. Kantor, A. Basten, and C.C. Goodnow. 1991. Nature. 353:765–769), selective expression of mHEL autoantigen on thyroid cells did not trigger elimination or inactivation of circulating HEL-reactive B cells. These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. The role of an intact endothelial barrier in sequestering organ-specific antigens from circulating preimmune B cells is discussed.
Mineralogic Evidence for an Impact Event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary

A thin claystone layer found in nonmarine rocks at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in eastern Montana contains an anomalously high value of iridium. The nonclay fraction is mostly quartz with minor feldspar, and some of these grains display planar features. These planar features are related to specific crystallographic directions in the quartz lattice. The shocked quartz grains also exhibit asterism and have lowered refractive indices. All these mineralogical features are characteristic of shock metamorphism and are compelling evidence that the shocked grains are the product of a high velocity impact between a large extraterrestrial body and the earth. The shocked minerals represent silicic target material injected into the stratosphere by the impact of the projectile.
Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in an elderly man

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast with a worldwide distribution. Although well recognized as a cause of cutaneous disease in immunocompromised patients, this rarely occurs in healthy hosts. In this article, we present the case of a farmer who developed cutaneous cryptococcosis at the site of an injury he sustained while cleaning out his barn. Despite an extensive work-up, no evidence of disseminated disease or underlying immunosuppression was found. The patient recovered completely several weeks after beginning treatment with oral fluconazole.
Infant mental health, child maltreatment, and the law: A jurisprudent therapy analysis.

Scholarly and clinical discussions of the legal issues facing infant mental health professionals typically focus on the seemingly intractable differences in philosophies, goals, and approaches inherent in the law and the mental health professions. We argue that forensically informed approaches to prac- tice with very young children can potentially enhance many mental health and child welfare outcomes. This article describes the relatively new conceptual frameworks known as "therapeutic jurisprudence" and "jurisprudent therapy." Using these conceptual frameworks, we analyze representative problems that are typical in infant mental health practice with maltreated children through case examples drawn from their evaluations of children and families in the child protection and legal systems. Demonstrations of how such dilemmas can be approached with enhanced analytic decision-making and practice approaches are presented. We argue that applying such jurisprudent therapy approaches opens up fresh perspec- tives for evidence-based practices that facilitate creative, rigorous, and intellectually stimulating clinical work.
Electrochemical mass transfer studies in open cavities

Experimental measurements on free convection mass transfer in open cavities are described. The electrochemical deposition of copper at the inner surface of a cathodically polarized copper cylinder, open at one end and immersed in acidified copper sulphate was used to make the measurements. The effects on the rate of mass transfer of the concentration of the copper sulphate, the viscosity of the solution, the angle of orientation, and the dimensions of the cylinder were investigated. The data are presented as an empirical relation between the Sherwood number, the Rayleigh number, the Schmidt number, the angle of orientation and the ratio of the diameter to the depth of the cylinder. Comparison of the results with the available heat transfer data was not entirely satisfactory for a number of reasons that are discussed in the paper.
Local excision of periampullary villous tumours of the duodenum.

Abstract Aims Our goal was to describe our technical approach to transduodenal submucosal resection of periampullary villous tumours of the duodenum. Methods We address technical tips to aid in exposure and reconstruction of pancreaticobiliary continuity with special reference to the indications for adding biliary sphincteroplasty, pancreatic septectomy, and local resection of neoplasms extending past the immediate ampullary mucosa into the bile and/or pancreatic ducts. Conclusions This approach has proven safe, easy and without significant morbidity.
Mediating the Damaging Effects of Hurtful Teasing: Interpersonal Solidarity and Nonverbal Immediacy as Mediators of Teasing in Romantic Relationships

Although romantic relationships are often an arena for positive interactions, they also provide a battlefield in which hurtful teasing may occur. This study examined reports of hurtful teasing in romantic relationships and the influence of perceived nonverbal immediacy and interpersonal solidarity on relationship satisfaction between romantic partners. Participants (N = 205) recalled and reported on teasing that elicited hurt. Results indicate that hurtful teasing is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction. Path analyses revealed that nonverbal immediacy and interpersonal solidarity partially mediate the impact of hurtful teasing on relationship satisfaction, suggesting that close, positive relationships suffer less damage as a result of hurtful teasing than relationships where immediacy and solidarity may be lacking.
TREATMENT FOR AIDS-ASSOCIATED CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS

In this issue of the Journal, Smith et al. [1] report significant improvements in people with AIDS and cryptosporidiosis after combined paromomycin and azithromycin therapy. Cryptosporidiosis remains one of the most vexing and opportunistic infections. Sadly, only an intact immune system allows resolution, and no therapeutic "magic bullet" exists [2]. For those without sufficient immunity, who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistant to drug therapy, who are too poor to afford antiviral drugs, or who have chemotherapy or malnutrition-associated disease, we must continue to search for the effective specific therapy that has evaded us so far. The results of Smith et al. [1] are interesting for several reasons. The study found a degree of clinical and parasitologic response heretofore unseen in such a population. The significance of this should not be underestimated. Hundreds if not thousands of drugs have been tested to no avail over the past 15 years. The uniquely intracellular but extracytoplasmic niche of Cryptosporidium may account at least in part for its resistance to treatment [3]. It is notable that the combination of an absorbed intracellular agent (azithromycin), with the luminal agent paromomycin, produced a parasitologic effect far more dramatic than when either agent is used in monotherapy. This promising open-label study's limitations and findings illustrate the difficulties in studying this disease. First, it has become essentially impossible to recruit a pure placebo group for cryptosporidiosis trials. Indeed, combination azithromycin/ paromomycin therapy, perhaps in combination with others such as nitazoxanide, may now become an unofficial standard regimen in the absence of definitive data. This will unavoidably make it all the harder to study other agents. Second, chronic cryptosporidiosis is variable and is hard to characterize. One of this study's main outcome variables?diarrhea?was exacerbated by the very drugs used in treatment. Had the authors used a different study protocol, this effect might have falsely led them to conclude that no improvement had occurred in those treated. These factors mitigate toward needing both large groups to study and use of a study design in which multiple aspects of the disease are followed without prior prejudice as to which will prove most predictive of success. Third, this
Behavior of Model Ionic Compounds under Thermospray Liquid/Liquid Extraction Conditions

Our previously reported procedure for the extraction of semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds from aqueous samples by thermospray liquid/liquid extraction was extended to the extraction of charged organic compounds from water. By thermally disrupting or extricating the solvation shell of hydrated ions, the thermospray process facilitates the extraction of these analytes from the aqueous matrix. The effects of probe temperature, probe flow rate, and sample pH on the extraction efficiency of model compounds such as phenylalanine, benzoate ion, p-toluenesulfonate ion, and naphthalenetrisulfonic acid trisodium salt were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the percent recoveries for these compounds were 95, 97, 91, and 13%, respectively.
Teaching PA Online: Reflections of a Skeptic

Abstract Since online courses encompass many types of pedagogical techniques, instructors and students, large scale comparison studies are difficult to conduct in a scientifically rigorous manner. What is needed is an accumulation of case studies and forums for instructors to share techniques and best practices. Based on his experience and a review of the literature, the author concludes that the flexibility and opportunities for intensive, equal intellectual exchange afforded by online courses must be weighed against challenges related to student socialization and faculty workload. Overall, the demonstrable benefits suggest that there is a legitimate place for online education in public administration programs.
Jets Produced in π − , π + , and Proton Interactions at 200 GeV on Hydrogen and Aluminum Targets

This paper presents results from an experiment on the production of jets (groups of particles) with high p_⊥ produced in 200-GeV/c interactions. Results are presented on the comparison of jet cross sections on aluminum and hydrogen targets. The jet fragmentation distributions are also examined. Both the cross section and the jet structure are found to depend strongly on the beam and target types.
Rational Design of Amyloid Binding Agents Based on the Molecular Rotor Motif

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive function and constitutes the most common and fatal neurodegenerative disorder.[1] Genetic and clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain plays an important role in the pathology of the disease. This event is associated with perturbations of biological functions in the surrounding tissue leading to neuronal cell death, thus contributing to the disease process. The deposits are comprised primarily of amyloid (Aβ) peptides, a 39–43 amino acid sequence that self aggregates into a fibrillar β-pleated sheet motif. While the exact three-dimensional structure of the aggregated Aβ peptides is not known, a model structure that sustains the property of aggregation has been proposed.[2] This creates opportunities for in vivo imaging of amyloid deposits that can not only help evaluate the time course and evolution of the disease, but can also allow the timely monitoring of therapeutic treatments.[3]
Mental Health Problems Amongst Aboriginal Children of North Australia

There have been few studies of the mental health of Australian aboriginal children. Adolescent part-aboriginals have been the focus of most of these studies. Only one study has dealt directly with tribally oriented children. To overcome this deficiency a register of child mental health cases from tribally oriented aboriginal communities in the northern half of the Northern Territory of Australia was established. An examination of the diagnostic sex and age groupings in the register was found as well as a preponderance of serious learning difficulties.
Effect of a resident-created study guide on examination scores.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a resident-created study guide on Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) In-Training and American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) written examination scores. METHODS: In 1995, a group of residents at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center began creating an annual study guide based on the CREOG Test Item Summary Booklet. Individual, program, and national scores for 3 years before the intervention were compared with scores for 3 years after the intervention. A four-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention accounting for sex, Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society (AOA) status, and calendar year. A random effects model was also used to adjust for confounders. Categoric variables were compared using Mantel-Haenszel χ2. Program failure rates for the ABOG written examination before and after the intervention were compared with relative risks. RESULTS: After introduction of the study guide, the annual difference between our program and the national percent correct increased significantly (2.1% versus 4.8%, P < .001), after adjustment for AOA status and calendar year. The improvement was distributed among resident levels 2–4 (all P < .02) and for non-AOA residents (P ≤ .001). The relative risk of failure of the written ABOG examination before the study guide was 3.5 (95% confidence interval 0.77, 15.9). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate an important cooperative use of the Test Item Summary Booklet as an educational resource.
Transformative Learning and Ancient Asian Educational Perspectives

Scholars and practitioners all seem to agree that andragogy is not the only perspective and model in the field of adult learning. We no longer think of learning as democratic styles and methods ver...
The Evolution of Convergent Structure in Caribbean Anolis Communities

Just as the factors responsible for the origin of an adaptation may not be responsible for its maintenance, the processes currently operating in a community may not have been important in assembling the community. Consequently, historical and ecological studies must be integrated to understand why communities are structured as they are. Examples from Caribbean Anolis assemblages indicate the unique ecological insight a historical perspective can provide. In the Lesser Antilles, phylogenetic analysis indicates that character displacement probably has occurred, but perhaps only once, and that patterns of size dissimilarity across islands result from ecological size assortment subsequent to the evolutionary change in size
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: impact on brain tumor surgery

BackgroundRefinements in the imaging of intracranial tumors assist neurosurgeons in maximizing resections in a safe manner. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) represents a recent addi...
High speed two way data communications used in the Texas Automated Buoy System (TABS)

The goal of obtaining cost effective, reliable, two-way data communications with remote instrumentation has always been a major technical challenge in the successful operation of a remote ocean observing system. Typical low-cost telemetry methods such as line-of-sight radio and cellular telephones are limited in their coverage and are not suitable for remote locations, such as offshore moored buoy platforms. Power limitations, space availability and high volumes of data, have made this goal even more difficult to achieve. Satellites have typically provided low data rates at relatively high costs compared to other telemetry methods available to near shore deployment applications. Most satellite telephone systems were designed around the needs of the trucking or rail industry, and have typically relied on either mechanically steered or large tunable mast antennas as well as high current electronics to achieve two-way data communications through geo-synchronous satellites. In 1991 a consortium comprised of twelve aerospace and telecommunication companies was formed to provide worldwide satellite telecommunications service to business, government and the public. Their purpose was to provide cost effective satellite voice and data communications to areas, which were under-serviced. They named the consortium Globalstar/spl trade/ and over the next 10 years put into orbit, 48 LEO (Low-Earth-Orbit) satellites. Although primarily developed for voice communications in remote areas, Globalstar/spl trade/ Satellite Communications System offers full duplex, two way, data communication through the Qualcomm GSP-1620 Packet Data Modem, at uplink and downlink speeds of 9600 bps. In January 2002, the Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG) of Texas A&M University (TAMU), deployed a TABS II buoy in the Gulf of Mexico, at the Flower Garden Bank Marine Sanctuary equipped with the new modem. The small, robust antenna, low power requirements and high speed data telemetry have so far proven to be reliable and a cost effective means to achieve two way data transmission of moderate to large data volumes.
Separation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Paf1 Complex from RNA Polymerase II Results in Changes in Its Subnuclear Localization

The yeast Paf1 complex (Paf1C), composed of Paf1, Ctr9, Cdc73, Rtf1, and Leo1, associates with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at promoters and in the actively transcribed portions of mRNA genes. Loss of Paf1 results in severe phenotypes and significantly reduced levels of the other Paf1C components. In contrast, loss of Rtf1 causes relatively subtle phenotypic changes and no reduction in the other Paf1C factors but disrupts the association of these factors with Pol II and chromatin. To elucidate the fate of the Paf1C when dissociated from Pol II, we examined the localization of the Paf1C components in paf1 and rtf1 mutant yeast strains. We found that although the Paf1C factors remain nuclear in paf1 and rtf1 strains, loss of Paf1 or Rtf1 results in a change in the subnuclear distribution of the remaining factors. In wild-type cells, Paf1C components are present in the nucleoplasm but not the nucleolus. In contrast, in both paf1 and rtf1 strains, the remaining factors are found in the nucleolus as well as the nucleoplasm. Loss of Paf1 affects nucleolar function; we observed that expression of MAK21 and RRP12, important for rRNA processing, is reduced concomitant with an increase in rRNA precursors in a paf1 strain. However, these changes are not the result of relocalization of the Paf1C because loss of Rtf1 does not cause similar changes in rRNA processing. Instead, we speculate that the change in localization may reflect a link between the Paf1C and newly synthesized mRNAs as they exit the nucleus.
Interventions to prevent transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the intensive care unit.

Purpose of reviewHealthcare-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli are a serious problem in ICUs. This review analyzes recent reports of interventions to prevent transm
SYNOPTIC: Two-Dimensional Potential Flow Theory for Multiple Bodies in Small Amplitude Motion

This paper describes a very general method for determining the unsteady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow about one or more bodies of arbitrary shape. Specifically the surface pressure, forces and moments are obtained for bodies oscillating with small amplitude about their steady equilibrium position and on bodies in small amplitude gust fields. The equilibrium configuration of the bodies may also be arbitrary. Calculated results for single bodies in and out of gust fields are compared to results obtained by existing methods. Calculations and comparisons are also presented for two interacting bodies.
Reliability analysis of complex models using SURE bounds

As computer and communication systems become more complex it becomes increasingly more difficult to analyze their hardware reliability, because simple models can fail to adequately-capture subtle but important features. This paper describes several ways the authors have addressed this problem for analyses based upon White's SURE theorem. They show: how reliability analysis based on SURE mathematics can attack very large problems by accepting recomputation in order to reduce memory usage; how such analysis can be parallelized both on multiprocessors and on networks of ordinary workstations, and obtain excellent performance gains by doing so; how the SURE theorem supports efficient Monte Carlo based estimation of reliability; and the advantages of the method. Empirical studies of large models solved using these methods show that they are effective in reducing the solution-time of large complex problems. >
Meg Density Functional Calculation of Zeolite Energies

We have calculated the total energy of a simple zeolite structure, sodalite, Na8Cl2Si6Al6O24 using the Modified Electron Gas (MEG) technique for the static lattice and for spherical ions. Comparison with the constituent oxides and chlorides gives a ΔGf of -0.394 au. Calculated bond lengths in the aluminosilicate framework are within 4% of the values obtained from experiment, but bond angles have error up to 12%.
Follow-Up Compliance After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Medicare Beneficiaries†

Objective Lifelong imaging follow-up is essential to the safe and appropriate management of patients who undergo endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). We sought to evaluate the rate of compliance with imaging follow-up after EVAR and to identify factors associated with being lost to imaging follow-up. Methods We identified a 20% sample of continuously enrolled Medicare beneficiaries who underwent EVAR between 2001 and 2008. Using data through 2010 from Medicare Inpatient, Outpatient, and Carrier files, we identified all abdominal imaging studies that may have been performed for EVAR follow-up. Patients were considered lost to annual imaging follow-up if they did not undergo any abdominal imaging study within their last 2 years of follow-up. Multivariable models were constructed to identify independent factors associated with being lost to annual imaging follow-up. Results Among 19,962 patients who underwent EVAR, the incidence of loss to annual imaging follow-up at 5 years after EVAR was 50%. Primary factors associated with being lost to annual imaging follow-up were advanced age (age 65-69 years, reference; age 75-79 years: hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.32; age 80-85 years: HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.35-1.55; age >85 years: HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.88-2.20) and presentation with an urgent/emergent intact aneurysm (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20-1.35) or ruptured aneurysm (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.63-2.08). Additional independent factors included several previously diagnosed chronic diseases and South and West regions of the United States. Conclusions Annual imaging follow-up compliance after EVAR in the United States is significantly below recommended levels. Quality improvement efforts to encourage improved compliance with imaging follow-up, especially in older patients with multiple comorbidities and in those who underwent EVAR urgently or for rupture, are necessary.
Establishing a protocol for single cell transcriptome sequencing of the rat brain.

Materials and methods Brain tissue of interest from adult Sprague-Dawley rats was obtained in bilateral punches from fresh 1 mm thick coronal sections, using a 3D-printed device for guidance. The method of Guez-Barber et al. [1] was then followed to dissociate cells. Using flow cytometry, we determined that cell viability was 93-95% and neurons (i.e., NeuN+) were approximately 50%. Cell suspensions were separated in the C1 single-cell auto prep instrument into individual cells. cDNA synthesis and amplification were then performed for each cell in the integrated microfluidic circuits. Fourteen cells were selected for whole transcriptome sequencing using the Ion Proton instrument based on their morphology, positive PCR detection of marker genes, and quantity of cDNA. The Ion Torrent Suite was used to map the reads (~150bp in length) to the rat reference genome (rn5).
The application of novel 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid particles for hydrophilic interaction chromatography

An un-derivatized 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) particle was evaluated for its utility in retaining polar species in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and was compared to a 3 μm un-derivatized silica material. Retentivity as a function of mobile phase pH, polar modifier and ACN content was examined. Also, the efficiency of the two particle substrates was compared by plotting HETP vs. linear velocity. Improved chemical resistance of the un-derivatized BEH particle was compared to un-derivatized silica at pH 5, demonstrating no performance deterioration over the course of 2000 injections for the BEH particle, while the silica particle deteriorated rapidly after 800 injections. Lastly, ESI-MS sensitivity as a function of particle size and separation mode was demonstrated. A 2.2 to 4.7-times higher ESI-MS response was observed on the 1.7 μm particle compared to the 3 μm particle, whereas a 5.6 to 8.8-times higher ESI-MS response was observed using HILIC as when compared to traditional RP chromatography.
Varying Input Segmentation for Story Boundary Detection in English, Arabic and Mandarin Broadcast News

Story segmentation of news broadcasts has been shown to improve the accuracy of the subsequent processes such as question answering and information retrieval. In previous work, a decision tree trained on automatically extracted lexical and acoustic features was trained to predict story boundaries, using hypothesized sentence boundaries to define potential story boundaries. In this paper, we empirically evaluate several alternatives to this choice of input segmentation on three languages: English, Mandarin and Arabic. Our results suggest that the best performance can be achieved by using 250ms pause-based segmentation or sentence boundaries determined using a very low confidence score threshold. Index Terms: story boundary detection, segmentation
Emotional Intelligence and the Career Choice Process

Once seen as something avoided in making important life decisions, recent research and theories of emotional intelligence point to the interdependence of emotion and cognition in the decision-makin...
Chronologic model and transgressive-regressive signatures in the late Neogene siliciclastic foundation (Long Key Formation) of the Florida Keys

ABSTRACT Recent drilling of continuous cores in southernmost Florida has documented a thick unit of upper Neogene siliciclastics subjacent to surficial shallow-water Quaternary carbonates exposed on islands of the Florida Keys. The siliciclastics comprise the Long Key Formation and were identified in two cores collected from the middle and upper Florida Keys. A chronologic model based on new planktic foraminiferal biochronology and strontium-isotope chronology suggests the timing of siliciclastic deposition and provides a basis for regional correlation. The chronologic model, supplemented by vertical trends in quartz grain size, pattern of planktic menardiiform coiling direction, and paleoenvironmental interpretations of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, shows that the Long Key Formation contains three intervals (I-III) of varying thickness, grain-size composition, and paleo-water depth. Interval I is uppermost Miocene. The quartz grains in Interval I fine upward from basal very coarse sand to fine and very fine sand. Benthic foraminifera indicate an upward shift from an outer-shelf to inner-shelf depositional environment. Interval II, deposited during the late early to early late Pliocene, contains reworked upper Miocene siliciclastics and faunas. In the upper Keys, quartz grains in Interval II range from very coarse sand that fines upward to very fine sand and then coarsens to very coarse and medium sand. In situ benthic faunas indicate an upward shift from outer-shelf to inner-shelf deposition. In the middle Keys, Interval II is different, with the quartz grains ranging primarily from medium to very fine sand. In situ benthic taxa indicate deposition on an inner shelf. In both the middle and upper Keys, the upper Pliocene siliciclastics of Interval III contain quartz grains ranging from very coarse to very fine sands that were deposited on an inner shelf. A sequence boundary between Interval I and Interval II is suggested by: an abrupt shift in the strontium-isotope chemostratigraphy; coarsening in quartz grain size above the boundary; an abrupt landward shift in depositional facies in the upper Keys core; and a distinct variation in the predominant coiling direction of the menardiiform planktic foraminifera, from fluctuating dextral-sinistral to dextral in the upper Keys core. Successive siliciclastic infilling, likely associated with eustatic sea-level change and current redeposition, formed a foundation for subsequent carbonate deposition. Deep-sea biostratigraphic techniques, integrated with ages derived from strontium-isotope chemostratigraphy, can be successfully applied to coastal-margin sequences, even though a depauperate suite of faunal markers is common.
Defensible Space In A Housing Project: A Case Study From A South Florida Ghetto

(1975). Defensible Space In A Housing Project: A Case Study From A South Florida Ghetto. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 297-303.
New developments in selenium biochemistry: selenocysteine biosynthesis in eukaryotes and archaea

We used comparative genomics and experimental analyses to show that (1) eukaryotes and archaea, which possess the selenocysteine (Sec) protein insertion machinery contain an enzyme, O-phosphoseryl-transfer RNA (tRNA)[Ser]Sec kinase (designated PSTK), which phosphorylates seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec to form O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and (2) the Sec synthase (SecS) in mammals is a pyridoxal phosphate-containing protein previously described as the soluble liver antigen (SLA). SecS uses the product of PSTK, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec, and selenophosphate as substrates to generate selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. Sec could be synthesized on tRNA[Ser]Sec from selenide, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and serine using tRNA[Ser]Sec, seryl-tRNA synthetase, PSTK, selenophosphate synthetase, and SecS. The enzyme that synthesizes monoselenophosphate is a previously identified selenoprotein, selenophosphate synthetase 2 (SPS2), whereas the previously identified mammalian selenophosphate synthetase 1 did not serve this function. Monoselenophosphate also served directly in the reaction replacing ATP, selenide, and SPS2, demonstrating that this compound was the active selenium donor. Conservation of the overall pathway of Sec biosynthesis suggests that this pathway is also active in other eukaryotes and archaea that contain selenoproteins.
Vertical accretion rates and heavy metal chronologies in wetland sediments of the Tijuana Estuary

This study represents the first report on sediment accretion rates using137Cs dating for a southern California salt marsh. Vertical accretion rates ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 cm yr−1, which is at the high end of sediment accretion values for coastal wetlands. This has lead to increases in elevation within the estuary from 18 to 35 cm over the last 35 years. Depth profiles of metal concentrations were converted to time-based profiles using vertical accretion rates. Chronologies for most cores indicate a consistent peak in sediment lead (Pb) concentrations in the early to mid 1980s, corresponding to the historic decline in Pb use, which was completed in the U.S. by the early 1980s, but not begun in Mexico until 1991. Sediment Pb levels ranged from about 6–56 μg g−1. Other metals did not show any consistent trends in sediment chronology, except for a single core from a mid-marsh site (east-mid 2), which showed a 2–3-fold increase in levels of Cu, Ni, and Zn during the past two decades. Sediment levels of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) ranged from 6–34 μg g−1, 11–27 μg g−1, and 42–122 μg g−1, respectively. Despite rapid industrial development of the watershed, a comparison of the sediment metal concentrations in the Tijuana Estuary to other anthropogenically-impacted estuaries in the United States and Europe, shows that metal levels in sediments of the north arm of the estuary are relatively low.
Autoshaped Head Poking in the Mouse: A Quantitative Analysis of the Learning Curve.

In autoshaping experiments, we quantified the acquisition of anticipatory head poking in individual mice, using an algorithm that finds changes in the slope of a cumulative record. In most mice, upward changes in the amount of anticipatory poking per trial were abrupt, and tended to occur at session boundaries, suggesting that the session is as significant a unit of experience as the trial. There were large individual differences in the latency to the onset of vigorous responding. “Asymptotic” performance was unstable; large, bidirectional, and relatively enduring changes were common. Given the characteristics of the individual learning curves, it is unlikely that physiologically meaningful estimates of rate of learning can be extracted from group-average learning curves.