cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and postpartum visit attendance and content: Evidence from the Listening to Mothers in California survey.

Objective Postpartum visits are an important opportunity to address ongoing maternal health. Experiences of discrimination in healthcare can impact healthcare use, including postpartum visits. However, it is unknown whether discrimination is associated with postpartum visit content. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and postpartum visit attendance and content. Research design Data were from Listening to Mothers in California, a population-based survey of people with a singleton hospital birth in California in 2016. Adjusted logistic regression models estimated the association between perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and 1) postpartum visit attendance, and 2) topics addressed at the postpartum visit (birth control, depression and breastfeeding) for those who attended. Results 90.6% of women attended a postpartum visit, and 8.6% reported discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization. In adjusted models, any discrimination and insurance-based discrimination were associated with 7 and 10 percentage point (pp) lower predicted probabilities of attending a postpartum visit, respectively. There was a 7pp lower predicted probability of discussing birth control for women who had experienced discrimination (81% vs. 88%), a 15pp lower predicted probability of being asked about depression (64% vs. 79%), and a 9 pp lower predicted probability of being asked about breastfeeding (57% vs. 66%). Conclusions Amid heightened attention to the importance of postpartum care, there is a need to better understand determinants of postpartum care quality. Our findings highlight the potential consequences of healthcare discrimination in the perinatal period, including lower quality of postpartum care.
Non-Gray Radiative Heat Transfer in Two-Dimensional Cylindrical System

Radiative heat transfer in a concentric cylinder system with a participating medium is demonstrated to be inherently two-dimensional, even for the consideration of heat transfer to the total inner ...
Adeno-associated virus preferentially transduces human compared to mouse synovium

There is increasing interest in adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for a wide variety of gene therapy applications. AAV is a nonpathogenic human parvovirus that can mediate long-term transduction of a number of cell types without provoking a significant immune response. These properties make AAV especially attractive for use in gene therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease. To investigate the potential of AAV in gene therapy of arthritis, the ability of AAV to infect synovium in vitro and in vivo was tested. Three human RA synovial fibroblast cell lines and two murine (one DBA/1J and one DBA1J × C3H F1) synovial fibroblast cell lines were used to test AAV transduction in vitro. The cell lines (2 × 105 cells) were infected with 104 particles/cell of a murine IL-10-encoding vector (AAV-mIL-10) alone or with the addition of a low titer (100 particles/cell) of an E1-, E3-deleted recombinant adenovirus to provide E4orf6 activity to enhance second-strand synthesis. The supernatants were harvested from the wells at various time points and assayed for mIL-10 expression by ELISA. Both human synovial cell lines infected with AAV alone demonstrated low-level transgene expression throughout the course of the study. However, by day 10, all human cultures coinfected with adenovirus showed a 16- to 56-fold increase in mIL-10 compared to cultures infected with AAV-mIL10 alone. By day 30, a 31- to 135-fold increase was observed. No such increase was observed in any of the mouse cell lines. To determine the AAV transduction efficiency for synovium in vivo, human RA synovial tissues obtained from patients undergoing joint-replacement surgery were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of NOD.CB17-Prkdc SCID mice. After allowing a 2-week period for engraftment, tissues were injected with 3.4 × 1011 particles of AAV-luciferase alone or in combination with 1.0 × 1011 particles of adenovirus. Two weeks following AAV administration, the tissues were homogenized and assayed for expression of luciferase. Only the tissues coinfected with adenovirus had luciferase levels above background. A similar experiment with AAV-LacZ demonstrated X-gal staining only of synovial tissues coinfected with adenovirus. These findings demonstrate a preferential ability of AAV to transduce human, compared to mouse, synovial tissue and suggest that second strand synthesis may be a limiting factor in gene transduction. Further studies to elucidate the mechanisms limiting gene transduction in human synovium may allow optimization of this vector for the treatment of arthritis.
Thermal and Ion-Assisted Reactions of Al0.3Ga0.7as with Molecular Chlorine

Reaction of Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As with molecular chlorine was studied with and without simultaneous bombardment by energetic argon ions. The reaction products signals were measured as functions of surface temperature. For the purely thermal reactions, the main products below 600/sup 0/K were AlCl/sub 3/, AsCl/sub 3/ and GaCl/sub 3/. The etching rates were two orders of magnitude lower than those of pure GaAs. With simultaneous ion bombardment, the reaction product signal of AsCl/sub 3/ at room temperature increased by almost a factor of four over the corresponding thermal reaction signal. The comparable enhancement factor for pure GaAs was approx.6.
What We Know and Should Know about Tree Islands

Tree islands are a feature of many large, flat wetlands. They develop in these wetlands around some point of formation. Points of formation can include topographic highs in the bedrock, blocks of floating peat and depressions in the bedrock. Their point of formation can even be the result of human activities. The flora and fauna of tree islands are not unique, but are a subset of those in surrounding areas. This chapter summarizes what we know about the origin, development and human use of tree islands. Tree islands are important to the Everglades because: 1) they are a major spatial feature of the landscape and provide much of its biocomplexity. 2) they enable many terrestrial plant and animal species to live in the Everglades ecosystem. 3) they are essential for many groups of wetland animals and birds during part of their life cycle, especially for nesting. 4) they concentrate nutrients and may play an important role in the overall nutrient dynamics of the Everglades ecosystem, and 5) they preserve important archaeological and cultural features of South Florida.
Surface micromachining: from vision to reality to vision [accelerometer]

Airbag deployment systems demand reliable, inexpensive sensing of deceleration of the car during collision. The integrated accelerometer combines a 0.3 mm/sup 2/ micromechanical capacitive sensing element with precision bipolar/MOS control circuitry in a 9 mm/sup 2/ area. The microstructure is fabricated from a layer of deposited polysilicon by surface micromachining. This chip is an A/V (acceleration-to-voltage) functional block for accelerations of 1 to 50 g. This paper reviews the rationale for surface micromachining the sensing element, the BiMOS2C integrated process, the sense and control circuit architecture, and performance of the chip.
The mechanism of acquired immunity against influenza

1. The study of the phagocytic activity in vitro of the organs of immunized mice as well as of their leucocytes should be carried out after a thorough liberation of the cells from the virucidal antibodies. A two-threefold rinsing of the emulsions of organs and of leucocytes with large volumes of an indifferent fluid does not suffice to completely eliminate the blood components. It is very advisable to use as control the cells of the normal animal preliminarily brought into contact with the fluid surrounding the cells of the actively immunized mice. 2. Under these conditions of the experiment the cells of the organs of hyperimmunized mice as well as the leucocytes of immune mice and horses, proved quite ineffective with regard to the influenza virus. The activity of the phagocytizing cells was always due to the presence of the virucidal antibodies of the serum. 3. The virus is not subjected to the harmful influence on the part of the leucocytes of the local inflammatory focus produced in the abdominal cavity by means of peptone. 4. The cells of the reticulo-endothelial system of mice which are highly resistant to the action of the virus are unable to reduce its vital activity. The virus injected intravenously to immune mice is inactivated at a similar rate both in the organs rich in the reticulo-endothelial tissue and poor in it. Splenectomy and blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system (by introducing colloidal dyes or saccharated carbonate of iron) do not influence markedly the resistance to the virus of normal and actively immunized mice, nor the strength and duration of the immunity elaborated in these animals by vaccination. 5. In the mechanism of influenza immunity the phagocytic apparatus does not play the essential role which is undoubtedly appropriate to the virucidal antibodies.
The effect of cancer cells on angiogenesis: engineering the cancer niche (676.13)

Tumor growth requires uncontrolled angiogenesis, defined as the growth of new capillaries from existing blood vessels. Developing anti-tumor therapies necessitates understanding how cancer cells an...
Reconstructing Laomedon’s Reign in Homer: Olympiomachia , Poseidon’s Wall, and the Earlier Trojan War

Homeric allusions to Laomedon, the walls of Troy, and the first Trojan War reflect a backstory of previous fighting among the Olympians, which helps to explain the Iliadic portrait of Zeus’s fear of insubordination among the other gods.
Metabolism of puromycin aminonucleoside in the rat. Formation of nucleotide derivatives.

Abstract 6-Dimethylamino-9-(3'-amino-3'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl) purine, the aminonucleoside of puromycin (PAN), is metabolized by liver slices to the 5'-monophosphate of the nucleoside, 6-methylamino-9-(3'-amino-3'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl) purine. The product is readily identified in extracts of liver obtained from rats given an intravenous injection of PAN 90 min prior to sacrifice. The metabolite may be responsible for the rapid disappearance of liver glycogen which is known to occur during this time period. Incubation of the aminonucleoside of puromycin with slices of rat kidney cortex suggested that the nucleoside is not metabolized by this tissue.
Plastic Flow of Plasma Sprayed Ceramics

Ceramics plasma sprayed onto metal substrates have a considerable potential application in gas turbine engines and other high temperature devices as thermal/mechanical insulation since plasma spraying is convenient and widely available. However, there is disturbing evidence of expulsive shedding of the ceramic after cyclic heating to approximately 1000° C. Analyses were made and experiments were designed to measure the effect of tensile and compressive strain in the ceramic when at temperature in order to determine the cause of failure. Plastic flow was predicted and inelastic behavior measured for plasma sprayed binary oxide ceramics both on metal substrates and also when stripped from the substrate before exposure to temperature. Differential expansion between the metal substrate and plasma sprayed materials ZrO2-Y2O3, ZrO2-CaO or Al2O3-TiO2 results in irreversible flow. Loading of the stripped binary oxide ceramic sheet materials at temperatures up to 1200° C also produced plastic flow, but annealing before loading eliminated the inelastic behavior. The conclusion is that plasma spraying of binary oxide ceramics results in a metastable state which is inelastic at temperature but can also be stabilized or devitrified through heat treating, so as to decrease plastic properties. Mechanical properties of the as-plasma sprayed and devitrified binary oxide ceramic sheet materials have been measured. Stresses associated with sheet formation and component applications have been calculated using the finite element codes MARC and ADINA/ ADINAT. These studies point to significant inelastic behavior at elevated temperatures.
Transfer of sodium and iodo-antipyrine across guinea pig placenta with an in situ perfusion technique.

Abstract The transfer of I 131 antipyrine across the guinea pig placenta was measured with the technique of in situ perfusion. The amount transferred per unit volume of perfusate was not affected by alterations in flow rate or intravascular pressure. The amount of radioactivity transferred per unit time was therefore proportional to the flow rate and served as an accurate index of blood flow. The amount of sodium transferred across the placenta from fetus to mother was measured with Na 22 as tracer. The transfer per unit volume varied inversely with the flow rate while transfer per unit time varied directly with flow rate. Radioactive sodium provides a less accurate measure of flow rate than antipyrine, but is a better indicator of the permeability of the placental membrane.
Antigenic relationships of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia hermannii strains with those of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella abortus.

Abstract Clinical isolates of Escherichia hermannii which showed serological cross-reaction with polyclonal antisera to the O-polysaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O157 strains and with antisera to the O antigens of Brucella abortus and B. melitensis were found by chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses to have lipopolysaccharide O chains composed of linear polymers containing 1,2- and 1,3-linked 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl (alpha-D-Rhap4NAc) residues. Two O-antigen structures were identified; each had an unbranched pentasaccharide repeating unit, and one was composed of three 1,2- and two 1,3-linked alpha-D-Rhap4NAc residues and the other had two 1,2- and three 1,3-linked alpha-D-Rhap4NAc residues. The above-described cross-serological reactivities, which have led to false-positive identifications, are related to the common occurrence of epitopes involving the presence of N-acyl derivatives of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-mannopyranosyl residues in the O-polysaccharide portions of the respective lipopolysaccharides of the organisms. Strains of E. hermannii which did not show serological cross-reactions with E. coli O157 and Brucella antisera were found to have unique lipopolysaccharide O chains devoid of D-Rhap4NAc residues, demonstrating the existence of serotypes of E. hermannii that are distinct on the basis of their lipopolysaccharide components.
Guest Editor's Introduction: Writing Life's History

willbea“how to” about the ins and outs of writing life histories, I am afraid they willbe disappointed. The seven articles that follow neither prescribe ways torecord and analyze life histories nor delineate a set format for presenting lifehistories. The times are too unsettled for such directions. And yet, those of uswhoattempttoundertakelifestoriesareravenousforsomerulesoftheroad.W. Somerset Maugham is reported to have said that there are three criticalguidelines to follow for good writing, “Unfortunately, no one knows whatthey are.” Indeed.The times are unsettled because what social scientists thought they knew,they no longer know. What one assumed was the correct way to present datais no longer accepted without question; even the idea of
FDTD simulation of optoelectronic switches

In this paper, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is used for the full wave analysis of picosecond and subpicosecond photoconductive switches. By applying a novel voltage source formulation and the lumped-element technique, pulse generation through single switching unit in a transmission line and switches in different pulse-forming networks are simulated using the FDTD model. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis and experimental data. The effects of the dispersion of the transmission line and the pulse-forming networks on ultrashort pulse formation are also studied using the FDTD simulation model.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Long-term psychodynamic group psychotherapy for eating disorders: A descriptive case report

Abstract Fifteen women with long-standing histories of eating and other disordered behavior participated in a psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy group over a 3-year period. This article provides a number of observations on this group and describes how a variety of organizational. patient, therapist, and treatment variables combined to help as well as hinder favorable outcome in group members. The implications of these findings for assessment, preparation, selection, and intervention are discussed, and recommendations are offered for working with more recalcitrant eating disordered people in pup in the future.
Nonselective beta-receptor blocker effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol after chronic exercise.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol changes were followed in 45 men with coronary heart disease who underwent 12 weeks of monitored aerobic exercise. Twenty-five patients who were taking a nonselective beta-receptor blocking drug (Group 1) did not demonstrate a significant change in HDL cholesterol after exercise (mean difference 2.8 ± 11.5 mg/dl), whereas patients who had not received a beta-blocking drug for ≥ 3 months (Group 2) showed a significant increase (mean difference 8.4 ± 5.5 mg/dl; p 35 mg/dl did not show a significant change after exercise. Patients in Groups 1 and 2 achieved similar levels of exercise training after 12 weeks and were closely matched in age, medications, alcohol intake and smoking. The results indicate that among high risk patients (with an abnormally low HDL cholesterol level) exercise training can induce an augmentation of HDL cholesterol in those receiving a beta-blocking drug similar to that of patients not receiving such a drug.
Metal oxide surface charge mediated hemostasis

Blood coagulates faster upon contact with polar glasslike surfaces than on nonpolar plastic surfaces; this phenomenon is commonly termed the glass effect. However, the variable hemostatic response that we report here for contact-activated coagulation by different metal oxides, all of which are polar substrates, requires a refinement of this simple polarity model of how inorganic metal oxides activate the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. To our knowledge, the role of metal oxide surface charge as determined at the physiological pH and Ca2+ concentration of blood has not been previously investigated. We find that basic oxides with an isoelectric point above the pH of blood are anticoagulant while acidic oxides with an isoelectric point below the pH of blood are procoagulant. Using a thromboelastograph, we find that the onset time for coagulation and rate of coagulation post-initiation depend on both the sign and the magnitude of the initial surface charge density of the metal oxide. This work presents a useful strategy based on a quantifiable material parameter to select metal oxides to elicit a predictable and tunable biological response when they are in contact with blood.
Evaluating the injury risk associated with All-Terrain Vehicles: An application of Bayes' rule

This article discusses several technical and conceptual issues relating to the regulation of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Qualitative response models are used to analyze a survey of injured persons and a survey of the general population of users. Because the latter did not distinguish injured and noninjured persons, an application of Bayes' rule is used to make inferences about the relationship between the two injury categories, and to consistently estimate injury risk. The article concludes with a discussion of the problem of risk awareness and some policy implications.
Is volunteer labor part of household production? Evidence from married couples

Volunteer labor is generally modeled as an individualistic pursuit, akin to leisure or to human capital accumulation. Some activities labeled as volunteering, however, may be more usefully thought of as quid pro quo time commitments that are part of securing services for family members. Parents are frequently expected to volunteer, for example, when their children participate in youth sports leagues or school marching bands. In such cases, volunteering is essentially an instance of household production undertaken outside the home. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we divide volunteering into three categories—youth-related, religious, and non-youth-related secular—according to the likelihood that an instance of volunteering in the category represents household production. We find evidence that husbands and wives respond to one another’s time pressures such that youth-related volunteering looks like a task for which husbands’ and wives’ time inputs substitute for one another. Further, we find this pattern for housework, and not for other forms of volunteering. An increase in either spouse’s hours of market work will significantly reduce that spouse’s likelihood of volunteering for youth-related activities while raising the partner’s likelihood of volunteering. A similar pattern holds for hours volunteered to youth-related activities, with the wife’s responses achieving statistical significance.
PET/CT Attenuation Correction: Breathing Lessons

Three articles in this issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine ( [1][1]–[3][2] ), and a concurrent one in the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology ( [4][3] ), remind us that the switch from stand-alone PET to PET/CT does involve some trade-offs. In particular, the effects of respiratory motion on the
New technology in the endoscopy center

The boundaries of endoscopy will continue to expand. Imaging modalities, such as high-resolution and high magnification endoscopy, tissue spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and wireless endoscopy, will continue to evolve. New therapeutic modalities, such as endoscopic antireflux procedures, are making endoscopic surgery a reality. In the increasingly restrictive reimbursement environment, however, it is critical to establish the cost-effectiveness of these new technologies to integrate them into daily practice.
A spatial equilibrium model of African-European trade in tropical logs and sawnwood

Abstract A spatial equilibrium model of African-European trade in tropical logs and sawnwood is developed using data from 1966–1980. The model simulates sawnwood consumption and production in tropical Africa and Europe, log production in Africa, and the prices and trade flows resulting from market exchange. Econometric estimates of demand parameters indicated tropical sawnwood demand in Europe to be elastic with respect to price, while African demand varied from inelastic in the west to moderately elastic in central and east Africa. Sawnwood supply was found to be elastic in the west-central producing areas but inelastic in Europe and east Africa. African regional log supply elasticities ranged from 0.2 to 0.9. Model solution was obtained via an iterative reactive programming technique to accomodate interdependence of log and sawnwood prices. Comparison of simulated versus actual market values for 1980 showed errors of 5–9% in prices, 4–6% in consumption and production volumes, and 1.2–9.2% in log and sawnwood trade volumes, respectively. Simulation of an hypothetical log export tariff in west Africayielded the expected reduction in log exports and expansion in sawnwood exports from that region. Substitution in European demand and increased exports from competing African regions, however, led to an overall reduction in west African log output.
FORCED CONVECTION COOLING IN MICROELECTRONIC CABINETS VIA OSCILLATORY FLOW TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT Microcomputer technology has evolved very rapidly and the necessity for keeping electronic systems operating reliably through cooling techniques has become a sizable problem in the field of heat transfer. Conventional methods of cooling, namely those employing brushless DC cooling fans, have reached the limits of effectiveness and practicality. The present research experimentally investigated a new method for cooling microcomputers using a fully oscillatory flow device. Electronic component surface temperatures of the IBM PC/XT microcomputer were examined with different combinations of oscillatory flow cooling schemes, with cooling frequencies varied from 1-9 Hz. In some cases, component operating temperatures were improved as much as 40% using the oscillatory flow device.
On the tracking of articulated and occluded video object motion

This paper presents a novel approach to the tracking of multiple articulate objects in the presence of occlusion in moderately complex scenes. Most conventional tracking algorithms work well when only one object is tracked at a time. However, when multiple objects must be tracked simultaneously, significant computation is often introduced in order to handle occlusion and to calculate the appropriate region correspondence between successive frames. We introduce a near real-time solution to this problem by using a probabilistic mixing of low-level features and components. The algorithm mixes coarse motion estimates, change detection information, and unobservable predictions to create accurate trajectories of moving objects. We implement this multi-feature mixing strategy using a modified Kalman filtering mechanism. The proposed technique is presented within the context of a video surveillance system, where we further introduce a simple color-based technique for automatically extracting facial regions of moving persons. The single, most descriptive, facial snapshot for each person is added to a database that, when used in conjunction with the tracking data, can be used as a compact, semantic representation for the video sequence. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed tracking and surveillance system.
Dynamics of Glycoprotein Charge in the Evolutionary History of Human Influenza

Background Influenza viruses show a significant capacity to evade host immunity; this is manifest both as large occasional jumps in the antigenic phenotype of viral surface molecules and in gradual antigenic changes leading to annual influenza epidemics in humans. Recent mouse studies show that avidity for host cells can play an important role in polyclonal antibody escape, and further that electrostatic charge of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein can contribute to such avidity. Methodology/Principal Findings We test the role of glycoprotein charge on sequence data from the three major subtypes of influenza A in humans, using a simple method of calculating net glycoprotein charge. Of all subtypes, H3N2 in humans shows a striking pattern of increasing positive charge since its introduction in 1968. Notably, this trend applies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins. In the late 1980s hemagglutinin charge reached a plateau, while neuraminidase charge started to decline. We identify key groups of amino acid sites involved in this charge trend. Conclusions/Significance To our knowledge these are the first indications that, for human H3N2, net glycoprotein charge covaries strongly with antigenic drift on a global scale. Further work is needed to elucidate how such charge interacts with other immune escape mechanisms, such as glycosylation, and we discuss important questions arising for future study.
A Novel Approach for the Characterization of FSK Low Probability of Intercept Radar Signals via Application of the Reassignment Method

A novel approach of employing the reassignment method as a signal analysis technique for use in digital intercept receivers for the analysis of frequency shift keying (FSK) low probability of intercept (LPI) radar signals is taken. Digital intercept receivers are currently moving away from Fourier analysis techniques using the FFT as the basic tool for detecting and extracting parameters of LPI radar signals, and are moving towards classical time-frequency analysis techniques (e.g. Spectrogram, Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD)). These classical techniques, though an improvement over Fourier analysis techniques, suffer from a lack of readability, due to poor time frequency localization and cross-term interference. This lack of readability can lead to inaccurate detection and parameter extraction of these signals, potentially threatening survivability of the intercept receiver environment in certain situations. The reassignment method, with its 'squeezing' and 'smoothing' qualities, is considered as an innovative and improved signal analysis technique for this scenario. The FSK signal is used for testing. Experimental modeling and simulation results are subjectively assessed and measured via seven different metrics (including time-frequency localization, a novel metric). Reassignment method results are compared to classical time frequency analysis results. The results confirm the improved readability of the reassignment method, and consequently, more accurate signal detection and parameter extraction metrics. These results have the potential of improving timeliness of signal characterization, and as a result, increasing aircraft survivability in particular situations.
Studies with chimeric Mpl/JAK2 receptors indicate that both JAK2 and the membrane-proximal domain of Mpl are required for cellular proliferation.

The thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor c-Mpl, like other members of the cytokine receptor superfamily, requires the association and activation of Janus kinases (JAKs) for normal signal transduction. The membrane-proximal portion of the signaling domain, containing conserved box1 and box2 motifs, is sufficient to support the proliferation of cytokine-dependent cell lines and basal megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo. We hypothesized that activation of the JAK2 kinase alone might be sufficient for proliferative signaling. To test this premise, we constructed chimeric receptors in which the extracellular and transmembrane portions of Mpl were fused to the pseudokinase and kinase domains of murine JAK2 kinase. When expressed in the interleukin-3-dependent cell line Ba/F3, the chimeric receptors were appropriately expressed on the cell surface and were able to initiate tyrosine kinase activity upon exposure to TPO. However, chimeric receptors lacking an intact box2 domain of Mpl were unable to support proliferation at any concentration of TPO. Only chimeric receptors containing both JAK2 kinase activity and the box2 region initiated proliferative signaling. Within the box2 motif, we determined that the sequence Glu56-Ile57-Leu58 of the Mpl cytoplasmic domain is critical for proliferation of the chimeric receptors. Furthermore, TPO-dependent induction of c-myc transcription is also dependent on this motif. These results indicate that JAK2 activation alone is not sufficient for TPO-induced proliferation and that one or more essential signaling pathways must arise from the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl that includes box2. Although the nature of the signal transduction pathway is not yet known, this second proliferative event is likely to regulate c-myc expression.
Gene interaction at HLA-DQ enhances autoantibody production in primary Sjogren's syndrome

Primary Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus DQ is related to the primary Sjogren's syndrome autoantibodies that bind the RNA proteins Ro/SSA and La/SSB. Both DQ1 and DQ2 alleles are associated with high concentrations of these autoantibodies. An analysis of all possible combinations at DQ has shown that the entire effect was due to heterozygotes expressing the DQ1 and DQ2 alleles. These data suggest that gene interaction between DQ1 and DQ2 (or alleles at associated loci), possibly from gene complementation of trans-associated surface molecules, influences the autoimmune response in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Does Self-Reported Physical Activity Underestimate the Importance of Activity in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention?

Engagement in regular exercise or physical activity (PA) is known to protect against cardiovascular disease. Evidence for this strong association comes from both epidemiologic studies in which individuals self-report their level of PA and randomized controlled trials in which individuals increase their level of PA to a pre-defined level for a specific duration. Misclassification biases associated with self-reported PA may underestimate the true reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk obtained through regular engagement in PA, particularly at high levels. Given the strong dose–response relationship observed between objectively measured PA and changes in CVD risk factors in randomized controlled trials, the estimated risk reduction associated with high levels of PA (> 2,000 kcal/wk) would be predicted to be larger than current estimates (30% risk reduction) derived from epidemiologic studies. Self-reported PA may underestimate the true risk reduction in CVD produced through engagement in high levels of PA, although definitive evidence is not available.
THE USE OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODELS IN PREDICTING SEDIMENT YIELD

. Four commonly used models for predicting sediment yield are analyzed and compared using previously published data. Three of these models involve logarithmic transformations. Some of the problems involved in transforming data are discussed in the context of logarithmic transformations. These problems are illustrated using the results of standard regression analyses and economic loss function analyses. For the data analyzed, the linear model is preferable to each of the logarithmic models on the basis of each analysis, and the usual multiple objective nature of the model choice problem is thus modified. The extent to which these results can be generalized is discussed in the context of model choice.
Solute affinity in ion-exchange displacement chromatography

In this paper a new graphical method, derived from the Steric Mass Action model of non-linear ion-exchange chromatography, is presented for the determination of solute affinity in ion exchange displacement systems. The affinity of solutes in these systems is described by a dynamic affinity parameter which is a function of the linear steric mass action parameters of the solutes and the characteristic velocity of the displacer front. This method can be employed to determine the elution order of the feed solutes in the isotachic displacement train as well as the ability of a given molecule to act as a displacer for a given protein mixture. The ideal model of ion-exchange displacement chromatography and a transient model are employed to study selectivity reversals and resolving power in ion-exchange displacement systems. The work presented here provides a theoretical framework for studying dynamic affinity, resolving power, and displacer design for ion-exchange displacement chromatography.
The effects of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy on the ultrasonographic and histologic appearance of collagenase-induced equine forelimb suspensory ligament desmitis

Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) may stimulate healing of desmitis in multiple species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic and histologic appearance of collagenase-induced suspensory ligament (SUL) desmitis in untreated ligaments and ligaments treated with ESWT in horses. Four mature horses had SUL desmitis induced in both forelimbs. Beginning 3 weeks after induction of the lesions, one ligament per horse was treated 3 times at 3-week intervals with ESWT. The percent lesion, echogenicity and fiber alignment scores of the SULs were evaluated at 3-week intervals for a total of 15 weeks. At the completion of the study, the horses were euthanized and the SULs collected, fixed and processed for histopathologic evaluation. Ultrasonography showed treated SULs had a smaller percent lesion at the maximal injury zone (p = 0.001), and the total percent lesion (p = 0.01), total fiber alignment score (p = 0.0167) and total echogenicity (p = 0.0023) were all smaller in the treated ligaments. The fiber alignment score and echogenicity were not statistically different at the maximal injury zone. The treated SULs had a more concentrated area of metachromasia associated with healing than the untreated ligaments, where metachromasia appeared more diffuse throughout the ligament. ESWT improved the rate of healing as assessed ultrasonographically.
Propagation mechanism of discharge on oil surfaces

THIS study of the propagation mechanism of impulse creepage discharges over oil-immersed Kraft board was carried out using Leica and high-speed Boys cameras to record the progression of the discharges, as well as a special probe technique to measure the discharge potentials at various points along the channel. The electrode configuration used in these experiments consisted of a rod electrode on one side of a sheet of 1/8-inch Kraft board and a grounded copper surface deposited on the opposite side. Capacitance probes were imbedded in the copper surface to measure the approximate potentials of streamers passing along the rod side of the insulation. Impulse waves of 1.5 × 7,000 microseconds were applied to the rod at 120 kv which was about three times the corona starting level. The entire test structure was placed in a lucite tank filled with commercial-quality insulating oil. Photographs of the discharges were made through the walls of the tank by means of a slit and mirror arrangement. The Kraft board insulation used in these tests was first impregnated with oil under vacuum, and transferred to the testing tank just before tests were begun.
A Free and Open Source Monte Carlo Ray Tracing Program for Concentrating Solar Energy Research

A free and open source Monte Carlo ray-tracing program for concentrating solar energy research and development is presented. The program uses non energy partitioning Monte Carlo methods to model radiative exchange between arbitrarily arranged surfaces. Surface models include concentrating geometries, such as spherical, parabolic, and elliptical concentrators as well as compound parabolic concentrators. The program’s modular design allows implementation of additional surface and source models. The program has been thoroughly tested and experimentally validated. It has been used to model several concentrating devices including PSI’s high flux solar furnace and ETH’s high flux solar simulator. Furthermore, it has been used to design PSI’s high flux solar simulator and UFL’s high flux solar simulator. The code is particularly suited to provide radiative boundary conditions for numerical models of high temperature solar receivers and solar thermochemical reactors.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of Sr39Co12N31

Single crystals of Sr39Co12N31have been synthesized in liquid sodium from strontium, cobalt, and sodium azide at 1000°C in sealed niobium ampoules. The structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (I m3m(No. 229),a= 14.910 A,Z=2,R(F)=6.7%,Rw(F)=6.3%) with a disordered strontium position. Sr39Co12N31has a unique structure type incorporating coalt in linear coordination as isolated nitridometalate ions. All cobalt atoms are crystallographically equivalent, existing with a formal mixed valence of CoIand CoII. The magnetic susceptibility demonstrates antiferromagnetic Curie–Weiss behavior with an effective moment on cobalt of 4.99μB, which lies in the range expected for that of high-spin ground states.
Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine 1-phosphate in the heart: A decade of progress

Activation of sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SK/S1P)-mediated signaling has emerged as a critical cardioprotective pathway in response to acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. S1P is released in both ischemic pre- and post-conditioning. Application of exogenous S1P to cultured cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia or treatment of isolated hearts either before ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion exerts prosurvival effects. Synthetic congeners of S1P such as FTY720 mimic these responses. Gene targeted mice null for the SK1 isoform whose hearts are subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury exhibit increased infarct size and respond poorly either to ischemic pre- or postconditioning. Measurements of cardiac SK activity and S1P parallel these observations. Experiments in SK2 knockout mice have revealed that this isoform is necessary for survival in the heart. High density lipoprotein (HDL) is a major carrier of S1P, and studies of hearts in which selected S1P receptors have been inhibited implicate the S1P cargo of HDL in cardioprotection. Inhibition of S1P lyase, an endogenous enzyme that degrades S1P, also leads to cardioprotection. These observations have considerable relevance for future therapeutic approaches to acute and chronic myocardial injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
Analysis of protein expression during oxidative stress in breast epithelial cells using a stable isotope labeled proteome internal standard.

Normal cells undergo a variety of molecular and physiological changes upon malignant transformation, including their responses to environmental factors that induce oxidative stress. Understanding t...
Magnetorotons in quasi-one-dimensional electron systems in the absence of Kohn's theorem.

Using a time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation we have investigated the inter-Landau-level collective excitation spectrum of quasi-one-dimensional electron gases where Kohn's theorem is violated. We find that the spectrum develops a roton minimum at finite wave vectors. In addition to the main magnetoroton, extra collective modes are found. Also we find that it is important to include both the Hartree and exchange local-field corrections in a calculation of the cyclotron resonance
Developmental expression of nicotinic receptors in the chick and human spinal cord.

Naturally occurring programmed cell death of lumbar motor neurons in the chick spinal cord occurs between embryonic day (E) 6 and E12; whereas, a peak of motor neuron degeneration in the human spinal cord occurs between 12 and 16 weeks gestation. One of the major neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, is released from the embryonic motor neuron early in development and is thought to be responsible for early muscle activity that serves as a signal for regulating motor neuron survival. The effects of acetylcholine are mediated by two functionally distinct classes of receptors; namely, muscarinic and nicotinic with nicotinic receptors being used at the neuromuscular synapse. In this study, we determined the developmental expression profile of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the chick and human lumbar motor neurons and skeletal muscle using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, and immunocytochemistry. Our results show that, in the chick, nicotinic receptor subunits alpha1, alpha4, alpha7, alpha8, and beta2 appear to be regulated during the process of naturally occurring motor neuron cell death in the spinal cord. A new finding was the expression of alpha8 mRNA and protein from E4.5 through E7 in chick motor neurons. Interestingly, we also found that, at E14, alpha8 protein was localized only in sensory dorsal horn neurons. In the developing human spinal cord, we determined that nicotinic receptor subunits alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha7, beta2, and beta3 were expressed before the programmed cell death period, and alpha2, alpha4, alpha7, beta2, beta3, and beta4 were expressed during the programmed cell death period. Our data demonstrate that neuronal and muscle nicotinic receptor mRNAs and proteins are expressed during important embryonic periods. This finding raises the possibility that nicotinic receptors play an important role in the spinal cord and skeletal muscle during early development.
Observed Leadership Potential of Personnel in a Team Setting: Big Five traits and proximal factors as predictors

The authors explored implications of Big Five traits and proximal factors for the observed leadership potential of personnel in newly formed teams. Big Five traits were designated as distal factors having indirect links to observed leadership potential via three proximal factors: individual perception of team cohesion, team-oriented proactivity, and teamwork knowledge. Drawing from implicit personality theory, the authors introduced a team-leader personality profile as a higher-order construct for explaining covariation among extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. A structural analysis of data from 472 personnel supported hypothesized relationships. Specific findings included validation of a team-leader personality profile and preliminary support for the measure of team-oriented proactivity that was developed for this study. Implications of the various findings are discussed.
Mobius syndrome: a dental hygiene case study and review of the literature.

Abstract: Mobius syndrome, a rare, non-progressive, congenital neuromuscular disorder, presents with multiple dental and medical complications. Signs and symptoms of this condition include: congenital, bilateral or unilateral palsies of the facial and abducens cranial nerves (cardinal sign), and a broad scope of multisystem abnormalities, which may or may not include the following: opthalmoplegia externa, lingual palsy, clubfoot, branchial malformation, ptosis, mental retardation, and pectoralis muscle defect. From a dental standpoint, a number of anomalies may manifest, including: multiple congenitally missing teeth (both deciduous and permanent), micrognathia, paralysis and hypoplasia of the tongue, absence of facial expression and weakness of the palate. This article reviews the case study of a 40-year-old male client with Mobius syndrome, dental hygiene diagnosis (DHDx) and intervention, and the dental hygienists' responsibility and role in care.
Collision-induced rototranslational absorption in compressed methane gas

The collision-induced, rototranslational absorption spectrum of compressed methane gas is computed, based purely on the reliably known, leading multipole-induced dipole components of ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ molecular pairs. In contrast to previous work of the kind no ad hoc empirical corrections of unknown exchange force-induced dipole components are attempted. Not surprisingly, the calculated spectra show a sizeable absorption defect at virtually all frequencies, when compared to existing laboratory measurements. The defect suggests the presence of dipole-induction mechanisms in addition to those due to the leading multipole-induced dipole terms. The excess absorption, the differences between measured and calculated spectra, resembles in certain ways the excess absorption spectra seen at the same frequencies in methane-$X$ gas mixtures, where $X$ stands for helium, hydrogen, or nitrogen, respectively [Buser and Frommhold, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 024301 (2005)]. To a large extent, the excess absorption seems to be related to collisional distortions of the tetrahedral frame of the unperturbed ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ molecule.
Resultant Carpal Kinematics With Respect to Muscle Force Application

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics of seven carpal bones during a simulated active (tendon-driven) and passive (externally-assisted) motion of the wrist.Copyright © 2007 by ASME