cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization, treatment and outcomes of salivary ductal carcinoma using the National Cancer Database

Abstract Objectives To analyze clinical, treatment and outcome data for patients with salivary ductal carcinoma in a large population-based sample. Materials and methods The National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients diagnosed with salivary ductal carcinoma between 2004 and 2013. Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to assess overall survival (OS) and identify impact of specific variables on OS. Results A total of 495 patients were identified. The most common site of tumor origin was the parotid (80%). 130 patients (26.3%) presented with early stage (I-II) disease, 257 patients (51.9%) with locoregionally advanced pathologic stage (III-IVB) disease and 41 patients (8.3%) with metastatic disease. The 5 year OS for these patients was 79.5%, 40.4% and 0% respectively. At presentation, 46.6% had node positive disease. Surgery was performed in 100% of patients with early stage disease, 98.4% with advanced disease and 90.2% with metastatic disease. Radiation therapy, generally postoperative radiation, was given to 58.5% of patients with stage I-II disease, 71.6% with stage III-IVB disease and 53.7% with metastatic disease. Chemotherapy was utilized in 5.4% of patients with stage I-II disease, 35% with stage III-IVB and 70.7% with metastatic disease. On multivariable analysis, there were no significant differences in OS based on receipt of adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion Salivary ductal carcinoma represents an uncommon and aggressive subset of salivary tumors for which current adjuvant treatments do not have a detectable impact on overall survival.
We Eat to Live, We Live to Eat: Thoughts on the Sociological Study of Food, Culture, and Inequality

In this introduction to the special issue on “Foodways and Inequality: Toward a Sociology of Food Culture and Movements,” we describe our path to the sociological study inequality through food, and...
Selected highlights in clinical anesthesia research

Abstract Study objective To review research highlights of manuscripts published in 2016 that pertain to all aspects of the clinical practice of anesthesiology. Design Narrative review. Setting N/A. Materials The major themes address broad categories of general anesthesia including airway management, abdominal surgery, and obstetrical and gynaecological anesthesia. In addition, recent advancements in specialties of anesthesiology including regional anesthesia are reviewed. Interventions N/A. Main results N/A. Conclusions This recent body of evidence will both help inform anesthesiologists of the developing trends in anesthesiology and will also pose new challenges for further studies.
Jess Smith and the Design Firm

Jess Smith, the recently hired director for the magazine division of a small contract publishing company in Manhattan, faces a dilemma when a client wants her company to produce images that go against Smith's personal beliefs. A project she inherited features pictures of a heavy metal band posing with anti-Christian and Satanic/devil worship images. A Christian, Smith finds these images blasphemous and also believes they promote behavior that is both pernicious to society and incongruent with her firm's mission. As the deadline for publishing the project fast approaches, Smith has to decide what to do. Excerpt UVA-E-0354 June 15, 2010 Jess Smith and the Design Firm Jess Smith had been hired recently as art director for the magazine division of a small contract publishing company in Manhattan. A graduate of New York's Pratt Institute, Smith had been working in graphic design for five years, and she saw her new appointment as the breakthrough that she needed to continue following her passion while supporting herself and planning for her future. Furthermore, the company was well known for being socially conscious, often doing pro bono work that supported hospices and homeless shelters around the city. As a practicing Christian who drew deep value from her faith, Smith considered this a big plus. When she took the job, Smith faced a number of orders that her predecessor had only partially completed. She organized and filed the orders according to their deadlines, planning appropriate times to work on each so the transition would be a smooth one for clients. Smith did not examine the content of each project in great depth but instead got right to work on those with impending deadlines. Two months into her job, Smith opened a file for a local music magazine's cover story. The project had been mostly completed and required only some basic formatting; while the deadline was a mere 20 hours away, Smith had no doubt she would finish with time to spare. Upon digging a bit deeper into the project's content, however, Smith realized she had made a serious oversight. The article featured numerous photographs of a heavy metal band posing with desecrated images of Christ and signs that promoted devil worship and torture. After a quick online search, Smith discovered that the band was quite popular in the underground scene and often promoted drug use and violence. . . .
In-situ monitoring of melt pool images for porosity prediction in directed energy deposition processes

One major challenge of implementing Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Additive Manufacturing (AM) for production is the lack of understanding of its underlying process–structure–property relationshi...
Left ventricular calcification following postpartum toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but lethal clinical event that can occur during the postpartum period. Early recognition and intervention is critical to improve patient outcomes. This is a case of TSS complicated by cardiac arrest and left ventricular calcification. This is a case report of streptococcal TSS in a 29-year-old female in the postpartum period who presented with fever, abdominal distension, and a purpuric rash. Her hospital course was characterized by multiple organ failure, including respiratory distress syndrome, liver failure, renal failure, and coagulopathy. She was found to have acute compartment syndrome, which resulted in a below-the-knee amputation. She deteriorated further after experiencing cardiac arrest and the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with hemorrhagic transformation. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed evidence of dystrophic myocardial calcification in the left ventricle. She improved clinically but remained ventilator dependent upon discharge to an extended acute care facility. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy can result in myocardial calcification. As dystrophic calcification can significantly affect cardiac function, clinicians should rule out cardiac calcification in patients who have had severe septic shock.
Preparing Tomorrow's Educational Leaders: An Inquiry Regarding the Wisdom of Utilizing the Position of Assistant Principal as an Internship or Apprenticeship to Prepare Future Principals.

For as long as the position has existed, the assistant principalship has been viewed as the logical and proper avenue to prepare aspiring leaders to be principals. In that sense, the position is se...
An Evolutionary Variational Inequality Formulation of Supply Chain Networks with Time-Varying Demands

This paper first develops a multitiered supply chain network equilibrium model with fixed demands and proves that the governing equilibrium conditions satisfy a finite-dimensional variational inequality. The paper then establishes that the static supply chain network model with its governing equilibrium conditions can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium model over an appropriately constructed abstract network or supernetwork. This identification provides a new interpretation of equilibrium in supply chain networks with fixed demands in terms of path flows. The equivalence is then further exploited to construct a dynamic supply chain network model with time-varying demands (and flows) using an evolutionary (time-dependent) variational inequality formulation. Recent theoretical results in the unification of projected dynamical systems and evolutionary variational inequalities are presented and then applied to formulate dynamic numerical supply chain network examples and to compute the curves of equilibria. An example with step-wise time-dependent demand is also given for illustration purposes.
Effect of level of patient acuity on clinical decision making of critical care nurses with varying levels of knowledge and experience

This study is an examination of the effect of patient acuity on the clinical decision making of critical care nurses (N = 68) completing two computerized clinical simulations. Ventricular tachycardia represented the high-acuity situation and atrial flutter the lower-acuity situation. Clinical decision making was measured by proficiency score, patient outcome (cure or die), and amount of data collected. Analyses of variance were conducted to examine proficiency score and the amount of data collected. Fisher's exact test and the McNemar test of homogeneity of proportions were used to examine patient outcome. In the atrial flutter simulation, proficiency scores were higher (p = 0.000), more dysrhythmias were cured (p less than 0.005), and more data were collected (p = 0.040). Experienced and inexperienced nurses did not differ on proficiency score; however, inexperienced nurses collected more data (p = 0.048) and cured fewer atrial flutter simulations (p = 0.040). Nurses certified in advanced cardiac life support had higher proficiency scores (p = 0.033) and collected fewer data (p = 0.048).
Management of the Airway for Transoral Robotic Supraglottic Partial Laryngectomy

Introduction: Over the last several decades, transoral resection techniques for treatment of supraglottic lesions have become increasingly favored to reduce the need for either open transcervical resection or primary chemoradiation. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers advantages in visualization, dissection control, and access to remove bulky tumors en bloc. However, the management of the airway for these cases tends to vary, without clear guidelines as to when a tracheostomy is necessary. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent transoral robotic supraglottic partial laryngectomy at a large academic center from May 2005 through December 2016 was performed. Airway management was examined, specifically as it pertains to whether a tracheostomy was performed at the time of surgery or otherwise. Demographic and tumor characteristics were also evaluated. Results: Sixty-three patients were included. Forty (63%) were male, the average age at surgery was 63.6, and the majority (90.5%) underwent resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottis. Thirty-nine patients (62%) underwent the procedure with standard endotracheal intubation using a wire-reinforced tube. Of these, four patients required subsequent tracheostomy- 2 for laryngeal edema postoperatively, one for airway management during a postoperative bleeding event, and one for laryngeal edema following initiation of adjuvant chemoradiation. Twenty patients (32%) underwent tracheostomy at the time of transoral resection for airway management, 17 of whom were decannulated an average of 12.2 weeks following surgery. Those who underwent tracheostomy at the time of surgery had a higher percentage of tumors involving multiple supraglottic subsites (p = 0.031), 85 vs. 54% in the group who did not undergo tracheostomy. No difference in age, BMI, clinical T-stage, or clinical N stage was found between the two groups. Conclusion: Performing a tracheostomy at the time of surgery should be considered for those patients with more extensive malignant disease (≥T2 tumors). While avoiding tracheostomy is often preferred by the patient, the maintenance of the patent airway peri-operatively should be first priority when considering airway management. Furthermore, as the majority of those patients receiving tracheostomy are decannulated within 4 months of surgery, the tracheostomy could be considered a short-term adjunct to the procedure.
Transperineal Approach for Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion Using a Purpose-built Single-port Robotic System: Step-by-step.

ABSTRACT Introduction To describe a step-by-step technique for single-port transperineal intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion using a purpose-built robotic platform. Technical Considerations In one male cadaver, the da Vinci SP1098 surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was used to perform intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion by a transperineal approach after radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The surgery was completed through a 2.5-cm perineal incision through which a GelPOINT Mini advanced access platform (Applied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA) and a dedicated 25-mm multichannel port accommodating a 12-mm × 10-mm oval articulating robotic camera, three 6-mm double-jointed articulating robotic instruments, and a 6-mm accessory laparoscopic instrument were placed. Moreover, at the planned level of the cutaneostomy, a 12-mm port to accommodate the Endo-GIA was placed. The primary outcomes were the technical feasibility, the operative time, and the record of eventual procedural complications. The intervention was successfully completed without any conversion or need for additional ports. The total operative time was 200 minutes. Operative time for urinary diversion was 90 minutes. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of single-port transperineal intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion using the SP1098 purpose-built robotic platform. Limitations include the preclinical setting. The applicability in the clinical model is awaited to be tested after the platform will be commercially available.
Angular-dependent interatomic potential for the binary Ni–Cr system

A new interatomic potential has been developed for the Ni-Cr system in the angular-dependent potential (ADP) format by fitting the potential parameters to a set of experimental and first-principles data. The ADP potential reproduces a wide range of properties of both elements as well as binary alloys with reasonable accuracy, including thermal and mechanical properties, defects, melting points of Ni and Cr, and the Ni-Cr phase diagram. The potential can be used for atomistic simulations of solidification, mechanical behavior and microstructure of the Ni-based and Cr-based phases as well as two-phase alloys.
Surgical Oncology/Endocrine Surgery

According to a systematic review published in 2016 by Yahanada et al., many factors are at play when patients choose their surgeon, including hospital reputation, location, and appearance of the office, but also surgeon credentials and reputation. If you’re reading this, then you likely don’t have a reputation yet, so how do you bring patients into your care? As it turns out, that reputation is often based on what a referring physician has said about a surgeon or on recommendations made by family or friends [1]. Thus, as with any surgical specialty, there are two categories of relationships that must be carefully cultivated when building a practice in Surgical Oncology or Endocrine Surgery: those with patients and those with referring physicians. In this chapter, we will discuss some key strategies unique to surgical oncology and endocrine surgery practice-building.
Characterizing membrane phospholipid hydrolysis of pork loins throughout three aging periods

Abstract Three chops from 20 pork carcasses were aged for 1, 8, and 21 days. Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to comprehensively analyze profiles of phospholipids from each sample (n = 60). Total phospholipid quantity decreased 4-folds (P
Online Consultation and the Institutionalization of Transparency and Participation in Chinese Policymaking

This article examines the institutionalization of online consultation, a prominent instrument of governance reform in contemporary China in which government organizations make public draft laws and regulations and solicit input from interested parties prior to finalizing decisions. The article specifically analyses the extent to which online consultation is a durable governance reform that enhances transparency and participation in policymaking. The analysis focuses on the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) and Guangzhou Municipal Government (GMG), leading organizations in the implementation of online consultation. Through the analysis of original datasets consisting of hundreds of policies proposed by the MOC and GMG and thousands of comments submitted in response to these drafts, the article demonstrates that online consultation has institutionalized government transparency but has not consistently enhanced public participation. Although online consultation has the potential to transform policymaking, the evidence suggests that strong confidence in this possibility is not warranted.
A qualitative exploration of prodromal myocardial infarction fatigue experienced by women.

Aims and objectives The purpose of this study was to explore adult women's unique and shared experiences of prodromal myocardial infarction fatigue. Background Fatigue is the most prevalent symptom experienced by women in the weeks and months before myocardial infarction. However, dimensions of this fatigue, such as timing, distress, intensity, quality, patterns and associated characteristics have not been established through studies of this symptom. A lack of understanding of the characteristics of myocardial infarction fatigue and the context in which it occurs makes clinical decision-making difficult. Design A qualitative, multiple case study guided by the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms. Methods Women were purposively enrolled from a large hospital in the Midwestern USA. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted during hospitalisation and at 2-3 months postdischarge; women were also provided with a journal. A supplementary interview with family members and electronic health record review also assisted in data triangulation. Analysis was inductive and conducted within and across cases, using coding and categorisation, counting, clustering, visual displays of data and thematic development. The SRQR checklist was used in reporting the study. Results Ten women, with a median age of 60, participated. Fatigue was described primarily using the terms tiredness and lack of energy, though some women described generalised weakness and cognitive fog. This fatigue was unusual and a notable change from baseline. Many women described significant difficulties performing activities of daily living due to fatigue. Conclusions The findings of this study will advance symptom science and an understanding of prodromal myocardial infarction fatigue. Future instrument development or selection of instruments for quantitative work will be aided by this study. Relevance to clinical practice This study provides a clearer picture of prodromal myocardial infarction fatigue experienced by women, aiding healthcare professionals in understanding and identifying this symptom.
Establishing hemolysis and lipemia acceptance thresholds for clinical chemistry tests.

Abstract Background A key component of laboratory medicine is the evaluation of specimen suitability for downstream analytical testing. Accurate identification and characterization of the impact of interferents on clinical chemistry analytes is important for patient care. To empirically assess the influence of hemolysis and lipemia on clinical chemistry tests analyzed on a Roche cobas® c701 system, we evaluated serum pools spiked with increasing concentrations of hemolysate and Intralipid®. Methods Using an interferent acceptance threshold of within ± 10% of the non-hemolyzed or non-lipemic results, 31 routine chemistry analytes were evaluated. Results The majority of analytes were determined to have the same or very similar acceptability thresholds as those listed in the vendor package insert. However, several analytes resulted in new thresholds that deviated from manufacturer recommendations (9 higher and 2 lower for lipemia, 7 higher and 6 lower for hemolysis). Samples with high enzyme activities (LDH, ALT, AST, ALP, and CK) were observed to tolerate higher levels of hemolysis, and tiered hemolysis thresholds were established for these enzymes. Independent evaluation of indices is recommended to enable thoughtful implementation of specimen quality criteria and to provide guidance to laboratorians and providers on the nature of these interferences.
The preparation of (4H)-imidazol-4-ones and their application in the total synthesis of natural products

(4H)-Imidazol-4-ones are an important scaffold for a variety of applications, including natural products, medicine, agriculture, and other applications. Over the years, there have been a number of preparations published for the synthesis of imidazol-4-ones. This review discusses the progress made on the synthesis of imidazol-4-ones, and their application towards the total synthesis of a range of imidazol-4-one containing natural products. Emphasis is made on areas of the field that still need progress.
Lensing Induced Cluster Signatures in Cosmic Microwave Background

We show that clusters of galaxies induce step-like wiggles on top of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The direction of the wiggle is parallel to the large scale gradient of CMB allowing one to isolate the effect from other small scale fluctuations. The effect is sensitive to the deflection angle rather than its derivative (shear or magnification) and is thus tracing outer parts of the cluster with higher sensitivity than some other methods. A typical amplitude of the effect is $10\mu K (\sigma_v/1400 kms^{-1})^2$ where $\sigma_v$ is the velocity dispersion of the cluster and several $\mu K$ signals extend out to a fraction of a degree. We derive the expressions for the temperature profile for several simple parameterized cluster models and identify some degeneracies between parameters. Finally, we discuss how to separate this signal from other imprints on CMB using custom designed filters. Detection of this effect is within reach of the next generation of small scale CMB telescopes and could provide information about the cluster density profile beyond the virial radius.
How should an Austrian economist teach the theory of the firm? Do the equi-marginal conditions still apply?

The static model of the theory of the firm continues to be taught in economics courses in spite of its dubious relevance to how real world firms actually operate. This detracts from student interest in economics. This article explores a strategy for remedying that.
Just Let Me Do My Job!: Exploring the Impact of Micromanagement on IT Professionals

This study seeks to broaden our understanding of the popular, yet under-researched, concept of micromanagement in the IT workforce by exploring IT professionals' trust in the competence of their supervisor as an antecedent to their perceptions of being micromanaged. The study also explores whether felt responsibility is the mechanism via which micromanagement negatively affects IT professionals' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, both proximal factors of turnover. These relationships are explored under the aegis of the Management Control Systems models, leader-member exchange theory, and the job characteristics model. Results indicate that trust in supervisor competence is a significant antecedent to IT professionals' perceptions of being micromanaged and that felt responsibility fully mediates the relationship between micromanagement and organizational commitment. The findings underscore the importance of building IT professionals' trust in their supervisor's competence and suggest that organizations proactively provide early intervention to negate the potential adverse impact on organizational outcomes.
Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine Infusions in an Enhanced Recovery After Thoracic Surgery Program: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of intraoperative dexmedetomidine and ketamine on postoperative pain and opioid consumption within an ERAS program in thoracic pulmonary oncologic surgery. DESIGN Retrospective, propensity-score matched analysis SETTING: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program. PARTICIPANTS Patients undergoing thoracic pulmonary oncologic surgery between March 2016 and April 2020. INTERVENTIONS Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine and ketamine. MEASUREMENTS & MAIN RESULTS The authors initially analyzed data of 1,630 patients undergoing thoracic pulmonary oncologic surgery within their ERAS program. In total, 117 matched pairs were included in this analysis. Patients in the intraoperative dexmedetomidine + ketamine group were more likely to be opioid-free (76.6% vs 60.9%, P<0.01). Raw analysis showed lower pain scores at PACU admission (2.8±2.0 vs 3.4±2.0, P=0.03) and less opioid consumption at PACU admission (5 MED [0-10] vs 7.5 MED [0-15], P=0.03) in the dexmedetomidine + ketamine group; however, these differences were not present after adjusting for multiplicity. There were no significant differences in the length of PACU stay (1.9 hours [1.5-2.8] vs 2.0 hours [1.4-2.9], P=0.48) or hospital stay (three days [two-five] vs three days [two-five], P=0.08). Both groups had similar rates of pulmonary complications (5.9% vs 9.4%, P=0.326), ileus (0.9% vs 0.9%, P=1.00), and 30-day readmission (2.6% vs 4.3%, P=0.722). CONCLUSIONS There were no differences in postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption throughout their hospital stay between patients receiving concomitant dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions versus patients who did not receive these infusions during thoracic surgery.
Human Rights and Development Theories in Education

In framing the theory for analyzing the question of why an African language, Kiswahili is being replaced with English as LoI in Zanzibar, I have drawn theoretical inspiration from dependency theory and the world-systems analysis1 which are multidisciplinary, macro-scale approaches to social analysis and social change developed, among others, by scholars such as Andre Gunder Frank (1966) and Immanuel Wallerstein (1974).
Coal Logistics System (COLS)

The Coal Logistics System (COLS) is a comprehensive coal transportation and transshipment model that solves for coal flows on a network from supply nodes through transshipment nodes to steam and metallurigical demand nodes on the basis of systemwide cost minimization. The model is solved for a representative time period for the system of ports, and all decision variables are solved for simultaneously. COLS is a constrained optimization model formulated as a linear program with some integer variables. Its solution indicates the sources of the various types of coal, the routes and modes of transportation, and the locations, activity levels, and types of transshipment facilities that together minimize the systemwide costs. Effectively, the COLS model minimizes the cost per delivered British thermal unit of U.S. coal. COLS was designed specifically for the evaluation of coal flows in a competitive multiport framework. Coal can be routed from virtually any mining region by any feasible mode to any port and then to any demand node. Thus, ports need not be restricted by a predefined supply hinterland or a limited destination area. From one scenario to the next, a single destination can receive coal of a different quality from a different origin via a different mode through a different port. Cost reductions from one scenario to the next can thus include transport cost savings, change of origin or destination benefits (including lower coal purchase costs), and change of mode savings as well as port improvements and the use of new technologies.
Uniquely Tree-saturated Graphs

Let H be a graph. A graph G is uniquely H-saturated if G contains no subgraph isomorphic to H, but for every edge e in the complement of G (i.e., for each "nonedge" of G), $$G+e$$G+e contains exactly one subgraph isomorphic to H. The double star$$D_{s,t}$$Ds,t is the graph formed by beginning with $$K_2$$K2 and adding $$s+t$$s+t new vertices, making s of these adjacent to one endpoint of the $$K_2$$K2 and the other t adjacent to the other endpoint; $$D_{s,s}$$Ds,s is a balanced double star. Our main result is that the trees T for which there exist an infinite number of uniquely T-saturated graphs are precisely the balanced double stars. In addition we completely characterize uniquely tree-saturated graphs in the case where the tree is a star $$K_{1,t} = D_{0, t-1}$$K1,t=D0,t-1. We show that if T is a double star, then there exists a nontrivial uniquely T-saturated graph. We conjecture that the converse holds; we verify this conjecture for all trees of order at most 6. We conclude by giving some open problems.
CHAPTER 300 – Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Signal Transduction

During the past two decades, considerable attention has been focused on issues related to oxidative stress and the biology of free radicals. Oxidative stress refers to excess production of various reactive species (H 2 O 2 , superoxide, singlet oxygen, etc.) or to insufficient antioxidant defenses in the cell [glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, catalase, etc.]. Environmental exposure produces oxidative stress through airway injury, irradiation, and exposure to compounds that disrupt cellular electron transfer pathways. Actively generated free radicals can play physiological roles, including in cellular signaling pathways. High-level production of superoxide and another free radical, nitric oxide, contributes to immunological attack on pathogens and tumor cells. The main cellular components are all subject to damage during oxidative stress, so it is not surprising to find that cells have evolved pathways to respond dynamically to oxidative stress by altering gene expression.
Decreasing the biological drive toward weight gain by increasing energy flux (LB431)

Introduction: Weight regain after weight loss is the experience of most obese dieters. Metabolic adjustments characterized by decreased resting energy expenditure (REE) and increased hunger can prevent long-term success. Possibly this energy gap could be attenuated by a high flux (HF) state (higher expenditure coupled with higher intake). Methods: 5 obese adults [age (x ± SD) =46±10 BMI=35.0±3.7 kg/m2] underwent 7% weight loss and were stabilized at this weight for 3 weeks. REE via indirect calorimetry, and hunger via visual analog scale were then examined during two 4-day conditions of energy balance in random order: Low Flux (LF)-Sedentary with energy intake (EI)=REE x1.35; and HF-Daily exercise net energy cost of ~500 kcal/d and EI= REE x1.7. Results: Average 5 day weight did not differ between HF (96.9kg) and LF (96.5kg) (p>0.10). Average daily REE was higher during HF (1816±227 kcal/day) compared to LF (1747±221 kcal/day) (p= 0.07). Average perceived hunger was lower during HF (93.9±24.1) compared t...
Chapter 9 The dorsal horn and hyperalgesia.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the actions of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, glial activation products, nitric oxide, and inflammatory mediators that are imposed on the spinal cord from peripheral, intrinsic, and central descending facilitatory sources have been shown to play a critical role in the initiation and persistence of dorsal horn hyperalgesic responses to nociceptive input. Consideration of the role of glial and neurogenic amplification factors in persistent hyperalgesic nociceptive states is a key in reducing on-going chronic pain. The chapter reviews that a better understanding of dorsal horn mechanisms is a laudable goal toward translation into novel strategies for stopping the disease progression and debilitation for patients with chronic pain syndromes. Clinically relevant studies are being designed to disrupt activation of cellular circuitry and intracellular cascades that are creating the amplification and persistent “memory” of nociceptive events that allow hyperalgesic conditions to establish themselves as chronic pain conditions. The chapter concludes that studies continue to examine the pharmacological, physiological, and intracellular interactions of neurotransmitters, receptors, glial activators, and intracellular messengers utilized by neurons and glia in the dorsal horn in the plastic cellular events that form the basis of hyperalgesic responses.
Electrochemical Studies of Putidaredoxin and Its Selenium Analog

Abstract The oxidation-reduction behavior of the iron sulfide protein, putidaredoxin, isolated from camphor-grown Pseudomonas putida has been examined in the native sulfur and in the selenide-substituted forms. This change in the replaceable chalcogenide ligand shifts the potential at pH 7 from -235 mv (sulfur) to -245 mv (selenide). Analysis of the formal potentials of the sulfur protein over the range pH 6.5 to 10 indicates two proton-linked processes in the oxidized form (K' o1 = 1.0 x 10-8; K'o2 = 1.0 x 10-10) and one in the reduced form (K' r1 = 1.0 x 10-9). The potential versus pH curves for the sulfur and selenide proteins merge at high pH.
The Early Haarlem School of Painting

At the present time there are about fourteen paintings that can be attributed to Geertgen tot Sint Jans.1 None of these paintings bears a signature or a date, but the authorship of two panels in Vienna is attested by reliable documents of the early seventeenth century. These two paintings, the Lamentation and the Legend of the Relics of St. John the Baptist (Figs. 1 and 2)—the front and back sides of the right wing of Geertgen's altarpiece for the Knights of St. John in Haarlem—are, therefore, the key works in a study of the artist's style or a recovery of his oeuvre. The Lamentation was a very famous composition in Haarlem. It was copied several times. The sixteenth century painter Jan Mostaert was commissioned to paint portraits of the Haarlem burgher Speyart van Woerden and his wife on the wings of a triptych with a copy of Geertgen's Lamentation as a central panel. A fine wooden sculpture group from the late fifteenth century, now in the Rijksmuseum, repeats the figures of Christ, Mary, and Mary Salom...
Landscapes on an Imaginary Planet

It is a great honor to be invited to visit Hungary. I have always known many Hungarians very closely, and some of them have greatly influenced my life. In particular, John von Neumann was my mentor for a certain time, shortly before he left Princeton, for public service in Washington. I was told he was the most Hungarian of the Hungarians, and now may I have a chance of seeing whether the story is right.
Saving for Health Care Expenses in Retirement: The Use of Health Savings Accounts

This paper examines the savings needed to cover health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses for health care services in retirement and evaluates the use of health savings accounts (HSAs) to save for those expenses. Proponents of HSAs often tout them as a vehicle for funding future retiree health care costs. But, while HSAs represent an important option for consumers seeking more control over their health care spending, statutory contribution limits make it unlikely that these accounts will play more than a minor part in savings for health care costs in retirement. This research shows that while HSAs can be used to save for health care expenses in retirement, the maximum savings that can be accumulated in an HSA will be far from sufficient to fully cover the savings needed in retirement for insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses. One of the difficulties in using an HSA to save money for premiums and out-of-pocket expenses during retirement is that individuals also can (and may need to) use the money in the account to pay for health care services during their working years or to pay COBRA premiums and insurance premiums during periods of unemployment. The PDF for the above title, published in the August 2008 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another August 2008 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: "The Impact of Immigration on Health Insurance Coverage in the United States, 1994-2006."
Synthesis and β‘-Site Deprotonation/Alkylation Reactions of Tp‘(CO)2W(η2-vinyl) Complexes

Addition of hydride to the terminal alkyne carbon of [Tp‘(CO)2W(η2-RCH2C⋮CH)][OTf] (Tp‘ = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate; R = H, Prn, Ph; OTf = O3SCF3) complexes with LiHBEt3 as the nucle...
Nd isotopes link Ouachita turbidites to Appalachian sources

New Nd isotopic data suggest that Paleozoic turbidites in the Ouachita fold belt (Arkansas and Oklahoma) had a dominantly Appalachian provenance after Middle Ordovician time. We infer a long-lived sedimentary dispersal system of isotopically homogeneous detritus linked to Appalachian tectonics. By Carboniferous time, both the continental surface and the closing Ouachita trough were apparently flooded with sediment derived from the Appalachian collisional orogen.
Emissions from Waterborne Commerce Vessels in United States Continental and Inland Waterways

We present an inventory of emissions from marine vessels engaged in waterborne commerce (i.e., cargo transport) on the U.S. navigable waters. Emissions are estimated for 1997 for various U.S regions and types of traffic, including oceangoing (international), coastwise (domestic), inland-river system, and Great Lakes. Nearly all emissions in U.S. waters occur in shipping channels outside of port regions, either on rivers or within 200 miles of shore. NOx emissions from commercial marine engines considered in this study account for about half of the U.S. EPA baseline inventory of ∼1000 tons per year for all marine vessels (1). This equals 4% of all U.S. transportation emissions, more than double previous nationwide inventories of vessel emissions (2). Waterborne commerce emissions are not negligible when compared to other sources. In fact, in many regions NOx emissions from waterborne commerce rank higher than other source categories, which are regulated at the state and federal levels. NOx emissions from r...
Reflux and vocal disorders in singers with bulimia

Dysphonia associated with bulimia has been described in the literature associated with vocal fold edema and polypoid changes. Laryngopharyngeat reflux (LPR) has been documented to cause reflux vocal fold pathology including edema and polypoid changes. We studied eight singers with bulimia and documented vocal fold pathology, including edema, posterior commissure hypertrophy, ventricular obliteration, and telangiectasia. Reflux was demonstrated in all eight. The results of this study showed that LPR may be a contributing factor to vocal disorders in singers with bulimia.
A proposed role for inorganic carbon in water oxidation.

This is an article on the peroxydicarbonic acid (PODCA) hypothesis of photosynthetic water oxidation, which follows our first article in this general area (Castelfranco et al., Photosynth Res 94:235–246, 2007). In this article I have expanded on the idea of a protein-bound intermediate containing inorganic carbon in some chemically bound form. PODCA is conceived in this article as constituting a bridge between two proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) that are essential for the evolution of O2. Presumably, these are two proteins which have been shown to possess Mn-dependent carbonic anhydrase activity (Lu et al., Plant Cell Physiol 46:1944–1953, 2005; Shitov et al., Biochemistry (Moscow) 74:509–517, 2009). One of these proteins may be the DI of the OEC core and the other may be the PsbO extrinsic protein. I attempt to relate briefly the PODCA hypothesis to the role of two cofactors for O2 evolution: Ca2+ and inorganic carbon. In this scheme, inorganic carbon (HCO3 −) mediates the oxidation of peroxide to dioxygen, thus avoiding the homolytic cleavage of the peroxide into two free radicals. I visualize the role of Ca2+ in the binding of PODCA to two essential photosystem II proteins. I propose that PODCA alternates between two Phases. In Phase 1, PODCA is broken down with the production of O2. In Phase 2, PODCA is regenerated.
Non-gray modeling of radiative heat transfer in hydrogen combustion scenarios

SUMMARY New weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model (WSGGM) parameters for H2O vapor are derived from emissivity correlations in the open literature and presented for use in hydrogen combustion simulations. Predictions employing the new WSGGM are seen to compare favorably against the spectral-line-based WSGGM on benchmark problems as well as in media conditions representative of turbulent hydrogen diffusion flames (Sandia Flame A and a model hydrogen gas-turbine combustor). The Sandia Flame A calculations were performed in a decoupled manner employing experimental measurements of temperature and gas compositions as inputs. The measured temperature variance data were employed to model the turbulence–radiation interactions. A coupled computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calculation was performed to obtain the conditions within the gas-turbine combustor geometry. The observed accuracies of the proposed set of WSGGM parameters in conditions encompassing a wide range of H2O vapor concentrations and temperature non-homogeneities encountered in combustion media make them amenable to implementation in CFD codes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication Adaptation among Racially Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Groups.

This study examined the communication patterns of individuals in racially homogeneous groups compared to their communication when interacting in racially heterogeneous groups. Results revealed that black women in all black groups were more nonverbally expressive and interrupted each other more than white women in all‐white groups. Blacks also exhibited somewhat more smiling and fewer adapters than whites. All groups adjusted their communication when interacting in racially mixed groups; however, mutual convergence was more predominant than accommodation due to race.
Causes and mechanisms of surface fractures in a central West Virginia coal mine

Abstract This paper presents the results of a recent investigation on the surface fractures that occurred in a central West Virginia coal mine. Finite element models were used to analyse the causes and mechanisms of surface fractures. The results of the finite element analyses confirmed the field observations. The study indicated that surface fractures were caused by the combined effect of weak floor rock, splitting of coal pillars into very small sizes, and the topographic effect (i.e. sloping surface).
Effect of induced-charge double layer on dielectrophoretic motion of particles

Abstract In ionic solutions, the double layer formation due to induced surface charges is seen to effect particle motion in AC electric fields as opposed to the fixed charge electrophoresis case wherein the double layer causes no net motion in an AC field. A method to numerically evaluate the effects of the induced-charge double layer on the dielectrophoretic motion of particles is developed in this paper. The technique involves a matched asymptotic expansion of the electric field near the particle surface, where the double layer is formed, and is written as a jump condition for the electric potential when the thickness of the double layer is small compared to the size of the particle. The developed jump condition is amenable to numerical evaluation and has been implemented in the finite element scheme. While the classical dielectrophoretic analysis ignores the effect of the electric double layers formed in ionic solutions, our results reveal their effect to be generally non-negligible and important for accurate modeling of the behavior of small particles in electric fields at frequencies up to MHz ranges.
Cost efficient workup and management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis - challenges and unmet needs.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease, estimated to occur in 12–16 % of the United States population. This prevalence creates a significant health burden with an estimated 15 million ambulatory visits for the condition annually. Consequently, practice guidelines have been designed to assist both the primary care provider and specialist in establishing a CRS diagnosis and prescribing effective treatment for CRS. The guidelines for CRS diagnosis have evolved since the United States Rhinosinusitis Task Force first published its symptom-based guidelines in 1997. Contemporary practice guidelines still require 12 weeks of appropriate symptoms, but now include corroboration of objective sinonasal inflammation demonstrated on physical exam, imaging, or endoscopy to arrive at a CRS diagnosis. While these diagnostic criteria are seemingly straightforward and are regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis, the appropriate timing of imaging and endoscopy remain unspecified and continue to present challenges for both primary care and specialty providers. These considerations have to be measured by the direct and indirect costs of the diagnostic workup including office visits, CT scanning, endoscopy, as well as the potential for overuse of treatment modalities such as antibiotics and steroid medications. The goal of this review is to update the primary care provider and otolaryngologist on current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CRS, including the costs and timing of endoscopy and imaging.
Regulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 5b Activation by the Temporal Pattern of Growth Hormone Stimulation

Plasma GH profiles, intermittent in adult male and continuous in adult female rats, respectively, activate unique patterns of gene transcription in male and female rat liver. Pulsatile, but not continuous, GH exposure activates liver STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-5) by tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to nuclear translocation, and is proposed to play a key role in GH pulse-regulated male-specific liver gene expression. The mechanisms underlying the GH pattern dependence of STAT5 activation are presently investigated using a rat hepatocyte-derived cell line. Rat GH stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation followed by serine or threonine phosphorylation, leading to activation of the DNA-binding activity of STAT5b, the major STAT5 form present in these cells. Maximal STAT5b activation required a full 20 min at a receptor-saturating GH concentration of 50 ng/ml, suggesting that hormone binding leading to receptor dimerization is a relatively slow process. Repeat cycles of GH pulsation le...
New poly(oxyethylene) derivatives and their oligo analogues from Diels–Alder reactions of 5‐[methoxypoly(oxyethylene)]‐(3E)‐1, 3‐pentadiene and 5‐methoxyethoxy‐(3E)‐1,3‐pentadiene

Diels–Alder reactions of 5-[methoxypoly(oxyethylene)]-(3E)-1,3-pentadiene (1a) with maleic anhydride, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DADC), and acrolein were investigated for the synthesis of new poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives. To facilitate the characterization of the derivatives, Diels–Alder reactions of 5-methoxyethoxy-(3E)-1,3-pentadiene (1b) with the aforementioned dienophiles were also studied. The reaction of o-toluidine with the cycloaddition product from maleic anhydride and 1b resulted in the corresponding amide products. The reactions of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone with cycloadducts derived from 1a and 1b with DADC resulted in the aromatization of the corresponding products. An NMR analysis of the adducts obtained from 1a and acrolein in water and from 1b and acrolein in water/acetonitrile (4:1 v/v) indicated a mixture of endo and exo, with the endo concentration being approximately 80%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1895–1902, 2005