cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A case study of a derecho (windstorm) in the central plains

Abstract During the afternoon of 29 July 1986, three separate supercell thunderstorms developed over central and eastern South Dakota. In their mature stages each storm produced numerous tornadoes; furthermore, one tornado reach F4 status and eventually devastated a power plant near Sioux City, Iowa. Other reports included large hail and an unusually high number of reports of strong winds exceeding 50 knots. During the period, the three supercells eventually merged into one convective complex, and shortly thereafter reached mesoscale convective complex (MCC) status over northwest Iowa; this system was different since many MCCs have become heavy-rain producers while this system continued to produce severe weather many hours after it had reached MCC status (especially involving straight-line winds which exceeded 90 kt in some places). It was also unusual for such a prolonged severe weather event to occur this late in summer. Although this convective system caused no deaths and only a few injuries, extensive crop and property damage followed in its wake. Climatology shows that during the summer months the most favorable region for these derecho storms are over the Central Plains.
A Fundamental Model for the Prediction of Distillation Sieve Tray Efficiency. 1. Database Development

A mechanistic model has been developed for the prediction of sieve tray point efficiency for both aqueous and hydrocarbon systems. A forerunner of the model was developed from fundamental relationships by Prado and Fair (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 1031) and was based on gas−liquid transfer in systems predominantly air and water. The earlier model has now been modified and extended. Contacting on a sieve tray is considered analogous to gas−liquid contacting in a mechanically agitated vessel, and supporting research has been adapted to the tray-contacting case. Studies in bubble columns have provided information on bubble size distribution and bubble stability at high pressure; these studies coupled with isotropic flow theory have formed the basis for correlating bubble size distribution as well as the fraction of small bubbles in the sieve tray froth. New tray efficiency data taken on a semi-industrial scale have been combined with published data as well as new data released by Fractionation Research, ...
Dopamine transporter-mediated conductances increase excitability of midbrain dopamine neurons

Uptake by Na+/Cl−-dependent neurotransmitter transporters is the principal mechanism by which extracellular biogenic amine concentrations are regulated. In addition to uptake, the cloned transporter proteins also elicit ion channel–like currents, but the physiological consequences of these currents are unknown. Here, whole-cell patch clamp and perforated-patch recordings show that substrates of the dopamine transporter (DAT), such as dopamine (DA) and amphetamine, increase the firing activity of rat DA neurons in culture. We found that these substrates elicit inward currents that are Na+-dependent and blocked by cocaine. These currents are primarily comprised of anions and result in an excitatory response in DA neurons at lower DA concentrations than are required for D2 autoreceptor activation. Thus, in addition to clearing extracellular DA, our results suggest that the currents associated with DAT modulate excitability and may regulate release of neurotransmitter from midbrain DA neurons.
Formation of active isozymes I and III by reassociation of separated subunits of isozyme II of alkaline phosphatase

Abstract The subunits of isozyme II of alkaline phosphatase, which were dissociated in acid, can be separated by electrophoresis and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Two polypeptide chains (labeled chains A and B) were produced in equal quantities. Column chromatography provided preparative amounts of the two polypeptides, which were reassociated separately to produce active isozymes different from isozyme II as determined by electrophoresis. Chain A produced isozyme I and chain B produced isozyme III. In addition, it is shown that gel electrophoresis can distinguish between chains A and B and the corresponding phosphorylated chains.
Hyperkalemia Induced Pacemaker Far-Field Endless Loop Tachycardia

BAROLD, S.: Hyperkalemia Induced Pacemaker Far-Field Endless Loop Tachycardia. This report describes the induction of a far-field endless loop tachycardia by hyperkalemia in a patient with severe heart disease. Ventricular activation was so prolonged that the atrial channel sensed the far-field ventricular deflection within the atrial electrogram beyond the 300 ms postventricular atrial refractory period.
Combining remote & centralized data operations economically

For many different reasons (obtaining increased sales, providing better service to customers, or achieving more timely and wider distribution of products), companies have seen fit to geographically locate and decentralize many of their operations - sales offices, manufacturing or service operations, storage and distribution facilities. Although decentralization is a must for the continued success and future growth of such companies, there are still some functions, such as payroll processing, which are data dependent and which are performed more efficiently and less costly in a centralized operation, mainly because to do otherwise would involve the performing of numerous duplicative functions at each decentralized facility.
Abstract B272: Rationale for combinatorial therapeutics to inhibit BRAF fusion activation.

We have previously shown that pediatric gliomas harbor BRAF mutations, including the canonical BRAF V600E mutation as well as BRAF fusion genes. KIAA1549 was the first fusion partner identified in gliomas, and more recently several other partners have been found albeit at a much lower frequency. Regardless of the partnered gene, all of the BRAF fusions (BRAF-f) retain the BRAF kinase domain but lose the N-terminal regulatory domain. Our recently published work has demonstrated the KIAA1549-BRAF fusion is resistant to and instead undergoes paradoxical activation in response to PLX4720, a research analog of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. In contrast, the second generation "paradox-breaking" inhibitor PLX8394 successfully targeted KIAA1549-BRAF in vitro. We now demonstrate PLX8394's efficacy in vivo in models of BRAF-f. However, as has been demonstrated for vemurafenib, single agent targeting with PLX8394 can give rise to emergent resistance through activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, suggesting additional and/or combinatorial targeting of pathways may be necessary to prevent resistance in BRAF-f expressing cells. Using BRAF-f expressing cells we have characterized mechanisms of emergent resistance and combinatorial targeting approaches targeting MEK and PI3K/mTOR pathways. As there are ongoing clinical trials with everolimus and MEK inhibitors in pediatric gliomas, a strong rationale exists for combinatorial mTOR and MEK inhibitors in treating tumors that harbor BRAF-f. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B272. Citation Format: Angela Jae Sievert, Shih-Shan Lang, Amanda Silva, Danielle Brewington, Sabine Mueller, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Phillip B. Storm, Adam C. Resnick. Rationale for combinatorial therapeutics to inhibit BRAF fusion activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B272.
Human Influenza A Viruses: Rapid Plaque Assay in Hamster Kidney Cells

The production of focal necrosis in hamster kidney cells maintained beneath an overlay of semisolid agar medium free of serum permits rapid, reproducible, quantitative assay for the three subtypes of influenza A viruses. Adaptation of virus to these cells was not required. A straight-line dose-response relationship was observed betweeen the number of plaques produced and the relative concentration of virus. Specificity was demonstrated by quantitative neutralization with immune serum.
A STUDY OF FERMI RESONANCE IN MONOFLUOROACETYLENE

Abstract Infrared spectra of v 3 , v 4 and 2 v 4 of monofluoroacetylene have been measured with a resolution of ~0.05 cm − and the bands have been analysed to obtain rotational constants. These results have been used to determine that the Fermi-resonance operator, 〈 v 3 = 1, v 4 = 0, l 4 = 0¦H'¦ v 3 = 0, v 4 = 2, l 4 = 0〉, coupling the overtone of the CH deformation with the CF stretching mode, has a value of 10.6 ± 2.9 cm −1 . From this, it appears that there is a rather large cubic force constant coupling the CF stretching and CH deformation internal coordinates.
The role of non-linear theories in transient dynamic analysis of flexible structures

Abstract Transient dynamic analysis of flexible structures undergoing large motions is considered. For rotating structures, it is explicitly shown that appropriate account of the influence of centrifugal force on the bending stiffness requires the use of a geometrically non-linear (at least second-order) beam theory. Use of a first-order (linearized) linear beam theory results in a spurious loss of bending stiffness. For a rotating plane beam, a set of linear partial differential equations of motion—that includes all inertia effects (Coriolis, centrifugal, acceleration of revolution) and coupling between extensional and flexural deformations—is derived from the fully non-linear beam theory by consistent linearization. The analysis is subsequently extended to the more general case of a plate, accomodating shear deformation, and undergoing a general three-dimensional rotating motion. The discretization process of the resulting linear equations of motion for the beam and the plate is also discussed.
Strain analysis for extrusion of powder metals

A method is described for determining the strain distribution during axisymmetric extrusion of powder metals. Density variations in these materials are included in the analysis. The method examines these changes together with the laminar flow pattern to determine strain rates and, ultimately, strains.
Fractional attachment of CD47 (IAP) to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and visual colocalization with Rh protein complexes

Interactions of CD47 and RhAG and the Rh proteins are visualized between one another and with the cytoskeleton of intact erythrocytes. In a first study, CD47 is labeled with a phycoerythrin (PhE)– tagged antibody, which generates discrete spots that reflect induced clusters of CD47. Rh and RhAG colocalize with each other and to these induced clusters, whereas Band 3 and glycophorin C remain more homogeneously dispersed on the cell periphery. In a second study, red cells are aspirated into a micropipette, and immunofluorescent maps of the surface gradients that develop for CD47 and RhAG determine cytoskeletal connectivity. CD47 and RhAG gradients on normal red cells prove to be nearly identical and also appear intermediate to those found for the fluid bilayer and network-linked glycophorin C. Similar gradients are obtained for CD47 on Rhnull cells, suggesting that linkage of CD47 to the spectrin-actin skeleton is independent of Rh or RhAG and is not affected by CD479s reduced surface expression on these cells. The results show that CD47 colocalizes with Rh and RhAG but is fractionally attached to the red cell membrane skeleton independent of these and other major integral membrane proteins involved in cytoskeletal attachment. The results imply a homogeneous base distribution of CD47, restrained by cytoskeleton linkages, plus a smaller fraction of CD47, which is able to diffuse in the membrane.
A time-resolved x-ray diffraction study of hot phonons in quartz

Abstract We have performed a time-resolved x-ray diffraction study of hot (non-equilibrium) phonons in α-quartz at low temperatures. The phonon generation mechanism is direct stimulation of transverse-optical (TO) phonons by infrared light excitation using a powerful Q switched CO 2 laser with the intent of possibly understanding how the excited system then approaches equilibrium. Also we hoped to demonstrate that time-resolved x-ray scattering can give useful information on the time and spatial evolution of this path to equilibrium. We have observed temporal diffuse scattering peaks at various wavevectors which confirm the presence of non-equilibrium phonons generated by the initial laser excitation. We have observed the zone center TO phonons directly excited by the laser pulse. Some of the later diffuse scattering peaks have been identified as acoustic phonon decay products, while other peaks have not yet been identified. Possible origins of these peaks are given.
Effects of cell density and conditioned medium on α2A adrenergic receptor density and messenger RNA abundance in HT-29 cells

Abstract We have examined the relationship between cell density and α2A adrenergic receptor number and mRNA in HT-29 cells. α2A receptors increased with increasing cell density from 75±25 to 400±73 fmol/mg protein; α2A receptor mRNA also increased about 4 fold with no change in abundance of β-actin mRNA. We prepared serum-free conditioned medium (SFCM) from confluent dishes of HT-29 cells and applied this SFCM to cells seeded at low density. A 4.7-fold increase in receptor number was observed in HT-29 cells cultured in SFCM for 3 days and α2A receptor mRNA level increased about 3-fold after 24 h. Dialysis of SFCM against fresh growth medium did not abolish these effects. These results suggest that a substance secreted from HT-29 cells regulates expression of α2A receptors.
Picture archiving and communication system-asynchronous transfer mode network in a midsized hospital.

This article describes the pathway to full implementation of a hospital information system-picture archiving and communication system-wide area network (HIS-PACS-WAN) in a 300-bed acute care hospital, and the linking of that system to two other off-site medical centers. The PACS included direct digital capture of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, nuclear medicine, and ultrasonography images into an Olicon archive. Plain radiographs and fluoroscopy images were digitized manually and archived into an Olicon system. The active archive included current images on each Olicon workstation and the juke box. Long-term archiving of the images on removable optical discs, which would be loaded manually by an operator every time a request for one of these studies appeared on the operator’s monitor, also was implemented. Ability to store, retrieve, and display simultaneously the physician’s report of each procedure along with the images was an ultimate goal. The WAN is to be used for teleradiology and teleconferencing among the three medical centers involved in this study as well as other off-site locations. Phase I included the design and installation of the local area network (LAN) in the Department of Radiology at Olive View-UCLA Medical Center. This included the clinics and the inpatient and hospitalwide fiber-optic network and its linkage to the local telephone company. Phase II involved linkage of the Olicon workstations to imaging equipment. This implementation has been delayed significantly because of inadequate needs assessment, absence of planning for forward-compatibility to imaging equipment, and incompatibilities in DICOM conformance among vendors. Every PACS project must include an in-depth needs analysis, which should be updated yearly because of rapid turnover of technology. Although this analysis should have a heavy emphasis on clinical needs, it must incorporate the hospital-wide needs for an integrated information systems network. Integration of PACS, HIS, RIS, and a dictation/transcription system is a complex task that requires a full-time, clinically oriented project officer for successful completion.
A direct graphical analysis of polarographic kinetic currents

Abstract The linearity of logarithmic plots of ik/(id − ik) vs Cj for polarographic kinetic currents allows direct graphical analysis of the kinetics of the prior chemical step with respect to species j without the need for reference to Koutecky's table. Results obtained in this way compare favorably with those secured using the conventional Koutecky analysis.
Chemisorption and 1s binding energies in oxygen atom and negative ion

Abstract The use of accurate experimental 1s binding energies (B.E.) of an atom in its “free” and “adatom” states is proposed as a means of studying chemisorption forces. In the case of the oxygen atom, which is important for adsorption studies, there are no experimental results on the 1s binding energy of the free atom or negative ion. In this paper we report accurate, theoretical 1s B.E.'s for O 3P and O−2P0 obtained using Sinanoglu's non-closed shell many-electron theory (NCMET). We find: B.E. (O 3P) = 544.5 eV and B.E. (O−2P) = 528.6 eV. Hopefully these values will be useful for adsorption studies in the context of the approach outlined below.
Size, number, and distribution of poly G binding sites on the separated DNA strands of coliphage T7

Abstract Poly G binds to only one of the two complementary strands of coliphage T7 DNA, as detected by measuring the buoyant density increments in the CsCl gradient and by trapping of the [ 3 H]poly G · denatured DNA complexes on nitrocellulose membranes. The poly G binding sites on DNA most probably consist of deoxycyti-dylate-rich clusters, 15–40 nucleotides long, as judged from the “melting” temperatures of the complexes and the sedimentation rates of the [ 3 H]poly G fragments recovered from the ribonuclease T 1 -treated complexes. Since the ribonuclease T 1 -resistant fraction of the poly G represents 3.3% of the complex, one could estimate that there are approx. 30–75 poly G binding sites per one T7 DNA molecule. These sites appear to be evenly distributed along the T7 DNA, as shown by the patterns of interaction between poly G and fragmented, denatured DNA. As reported earlier by Summers and Szybalski 3 , only the poly G binding (“heavy”) DNA strand is transcribed into RNA during all phases of T7 phage development.
Psychological and Physical Health Correlates of Body Cell Mass Depletion Among HIV+ Men

Objective: To assess whether significant body cell mass depletion related to HIV is associated with declines in physical health and psychological well-being. Methods: As part of a 2-year prospective HIV study, semiannual assessments included measures of body composition, psychological status, and physical health. Results: As measured by bioelectric impedance analysis, 58 (31%) of 187 enrolled HIV+ men had significant body cell mass depletion at some point during the study, of who 23 subsequently lost at least an additional 5% of body cell mass in the 6 months between any two consecutive study visits. This additional body cell mass depletion was associated with significant increase in fatigue, global distress and depressive symptomatology, and reduced life satisfaction. Conclusion: These data illuminate the importance of monitoring body weight and body cell mass, and the need for awareness of the association between malnutrition, mental health, and quality of life.
A wireless transmission system powered by an enzyme biofuel cell implanted in an orange.

Abstract A biofuel cell composed of catalytic electrodes made of “buckypaper” modified with PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and FAD-dependent fructose dehydrogenase on the anode and with laccase on the cathode was used to activate a wireless information transmission system. The cathode/anode pair was implanted in orange pulp extracting power from its content (glucose and fructose in the juice). The open circuit voltage, Voc, short circuit current density, jsc, and maximum power produced by the biofuel cell, Pmax, were found as ca. 0.6 V, ca. 0.33 mA·cm− 2 and 670 μW, respectively. The voltage produced by the biofuel cell was amplified with an energy harvesting circuit and applied to a wireless transmitter. The present study continues the research line where different implantable biofuel cells are used for the activation of electronic devices. The study emphasizes the biosensor and environmental monitoring applications of implantable biofuel cells harvesting power from natural sources, rather than their biomedical use.
Group technology applications for computer-integrated manufacturing

Abstract Traditionally, group technology has dealt primarily with batch-type manufacturing which is engaged with small lot sizes and a variety of products. Recently, however, due to the development and implementation of computer- integrated manufacturing, group technology has been recognized as an essential element of the foundation for the successful development and implementation of computer-integrated manufacturing through the application of the part-family concept and also a common database for CAD/CAM integration. The optimum design and effective operation of a fully automated manufacturing cell system and/ or factory systems for factories of the future require a careful analysis of all the requirements which the system must satisfy under a group technology environment.
An analogy ontology for integrating analogical processing and first-principles reasoning

This paper describes an analogy ontology, a formal representation of some key ideas in analogical processing, that supports the integration of analogical processing with first-principles reasoners. The ontology is based on Gentner's structure-mapping theory, a psychological account of analogy and similarity. The semantics of the ontology are enforced via procedural attachment, using cognitive simulations of structure-mapping to provide analogical processing services. Queries that include analogical operations can be formulated in the same way as standard logical inference, and analogical processing systems in turn can call on the services of first-principles reasoners for creating cases and validating their conjectures. We illustrate the utility of the analogy ontology by demonstrating how it has been used in three systems: A crisis management analogical reasoner that answers questions about international incidents, a course of action analogical critiquer that provides feedback about military plans, and a comparison question-answering system for knowledge capture. These systems rely on large, general-purpose knowledge bases created by other research groups, thus demonstrating the generality and utility of these ideas.
Claw-free graphs. III. Circular interval graphs

Construct a graph as follows. Take a circle, and a collection of intervals from it, no three of which have union the entire circle; take a finite set of points V from the circle; and make a graph with vertex set V in which two vertices are adjacent if they both belong to one of the intervals. Such graphs are ''long circular interval graphs,'' and they form an important subclass of the class of all claw-free graphs. In this paper we characterize them by excluded induced subgraphs. This is a step towards the main goal of this series, to find a structural characterization of all claw-free graphs. This paper also gives an analysis of the connected claw-free graphs G with a clique the deletion of which disconnects G into two parts both with at least two vertices.
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON GUAYULE PLANTS.

The work of several investigators, including Bonner (2), Whitehead and Mitchell (18), has shown that low air temperatures greatly reduce the growth rate of guayule plants and at the same time bring about an increase in their rubber percentage and, conversely, that high air temperatures increase the growth and decrease the rubber percentage. However, aside from two brief unpublished reports (4, 6) little information is available as to the effect of soil temperatures on the growth, carbohydrate and rubber production of guayule. This paper presents results obtained where guayule plants were grown at the same air temperature but at different soil temperature levels.
Effects of androgen administration on sexual invitations by female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Abstract Pairs of adult rhesus monkeys of opposite sexes (12 pairs) were studied during 1-h mating tests (986 tests). Ovariectomized females received 5 μg oestradiol intravaginally throughout to keep them attractive to males and maintain a relatively constant level of male sexual activity. Females were given subcutaneous silastic implants of testosterone to change their sexual receptivity. A threefold change in sexual invitations resulted from the implantation and removal of testosterone in the absence of any major changes in the behaviour of their male partners. These changes in invitational behaviour therefore reflected an action of the hormone upon an internal mechanism within the female subserving sexual motivation which was independent of changes in the behaviour of the male. Radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone (109 samples) and plasma oestradiol (86 samples), and gas-liquid chromatography of vaginal secretions (306 samples), facilitated the monitoring of variables needed to interpret the results.
Sources of microphysical variation in marine stratiform clouds in the North Atlantic

In a study of marine stratiform clouds on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, droplet concentrations were highly correlated with clear-air equivalent cloud water concentrations of non-sea salt sulfate (NSS), nitrate, and pollution-derived trace elements. Lower correlations with sea salt sodium and crustal aluminum indicated that these sources did not contribute to high concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. High correlations of NSS and droplet number concentrations with those of pollution-derived trace elements (non-crustal V, Sb, Se) suggest that emissions from oil and coal combustion and other industrial sources in Europe controlled cloud microphysical variations in the southeastern North Atlantic.
Integrating a redox-coupled dye-sensitized photoelectrode into a lithium–oxygen battery for photoassisted charging

There is substantial research underway into the development of lithium–oxygen batteries. Here, the authors use a redox shuttle to couple a photoelectrode with the oxygen electrode in a non-aqueous lithium–oxygen battery, which enables the photoassisted charging and reduces the battery overpotental.
WARP: a flexible platform for clean-slate wireless medium access protocol design

The flexible interface between the medium access layer and the custom physical layer of the Rice University Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) provides a high performance research tool for clean-slate cross layer designs. As we target a community platform, we have implemented various basic PHY and MAC technologies over WARP. Moreover, we are implementing cross-layer schemes such as rate adaptation and crosslayer MIMO MAC protocols. In this demo, we demonstrate the flexibility of the interaction between the the WARP PHY and MAC layers by showing the capability to instantaneously change the modulation scheme, disabling/enabling MAC features such as carrier sensing or RTS/CTS 4-way handshake, and different multi-rate schemes.
TRANSFUSION PATTERN OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS (≤ 1250 grams): BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFUSION GUIDELINES. † 1698

TRANSFUSION PATTERN OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS (≤ 1250 grams): BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFUSION GUIDELINES. † 1698
Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VIII. Fever-producing substances in the serum of dogs.

Intravenous administration of bacterial endotoxins in dogs is followed within 2 hours by the appearance of a fever-producing substance in the blood. This endogenous pyrogen differs from the endotoxins originally administered by its ability to produce fever in tolerant recipients and failure to promote tolerance after repeated daily injections. Endogenous serum pyrogen is destroyed by heating at 90°C. for 30 minutes, and is also inactivated to some degree by incubation at 37°C. for 24 hours. Suppression of fever by aminopyrine does not affect appearance of the endogenous factor. Animals made febrile with dinitrophenol, kaolin, or lysergic acid do not elaborate a fever-promoting substance in the blood. Sterile abscesses, accompanied by elevations in body temperature of the host, are unassociated with detectable amounts of secondary pyrogen in the serum. The absence of endogenous pyrogen in the blood of febrile dogs made leukopenic with nitrogen mustard favors the idea that polymorphonuclear leukocytes injured by endotoxins release the endogenous factor. On the other hand, the finding that the granulocytopenic animals are febrile when no circulating endogenous pyrogen is present, casts doubt upon the essential role of this substance in endotoxin fever.
Characterization of the metal-binding site of bovine growth hormone through site-specific metal-catalyzed oxidation and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Metal-catalyzed oxidation was used to identify metal-binding His residues in bovine growth hormone (bGH), which has not been characterized well crystallographically due to a high propensity of bGH to aggregate. bGH was exposed to Cu(2+) and ascorbate (ascorbate/Cu(2+)/O(2)). 2-Oxo-His formation was identified by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of a tryptic digest. Two 2-oxo-His-containing fragments were detected, T2(O) (MH(2+)(2) = 748.8) and T20(O) (MH(+) = 528.3), both masses corresponding to the addition of only one oxygen atom (+16 amu) to the respective native fragments, T2 and T20. T2 contains (20)His and (22)His, and T20 contains (170)His. Quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analysis shows the following order of reactivity: (170)His >> (22)His > (20)His. Solvent-accessible surface area calculations determined (22)His and (170)His to be 26 and 35% solvent exposed, respectively, while (20)His is 65% solvent exposed. The presence of an analogous metal-binding site in human growth hormone, which is located in the hydrophobic core, and our experimental finding that oxidation was greatest for (22)His and (170)His in bGH suggests that (22)His and (170)His of bGH participate in metal binding. This result is supported by a previously predicted tertiary structure of bGH and compared with the location of metal-binding His residues of human growth hormone.
Cellular automata PRNG: maximal performance and minimal space FPGA implementations

Abstract The consumption of random numbers is universal to the execution of genetic algorithms (GA). In addition to being used in crossover and mutation subroutines, many GA require virtual environments, randomized tournament selections, and Monte Carlo simulations to provide input for fitness functions. As our research aims at implementing GA in reprogrammable hardware (specifically, an FPGA), we have looked for compact and effective means of producing random numbers. Some cellular automata (CA) are especially well suited to this purpose. Since they are essentially Boolean logic operators, CA can be compactly implemented in hardware. In addition, some CA perform outstandingly as pseudo-random number generators (PRNG). Through experiments with several one- and two-dimensional CA, varying array size, seeding methods, and neighborhood geometries, we have identified several efficient means of producing CA PRNGs that perform exceptionally well compared to well-known PRNGs. After describing our implementations, we report their performance on standard statistical tests for randomness, and discuss tradeoffs between required hardware space and PRNG performance.
Characteristics of Cottage Cheese from Water and Permeate Reconstituted Retentates

Abstract Skim milk retentates concentrated approximately 6.5 to 1 by ultrafiltration were reconstituted to mixtures of varying protein percents with water or permeate and made into cottage cheese. Resulting creamed cottage cheeses displayed good to excellent flavor and generally soft body and smooth textures. Composition and quality differences were small between cheese made from water and from permeate reconstituted skim milk retentates. Total solids, fat, protein, and ash of cottage cheeses increased with total protein of the cheese making mixtures. Depending on protein percents of cheese making mixtures, approximately 13.0 to 23.0 kg uncreamed cottage cheese per 100 kg reconstituted milk mixture was obtained. Cheese yield efficiency ranged from 3.9 to4.7 kg cheese/kg total protein. Wheys made from water reconstituted retentate cottage cheese contained 1.94 to 2.9% total solids and from permeate reconstituted retentates contained 6.2 to 7.5% total solids.
DISTINGUISHING MIDDLE LATE CRETACEOUS TECTONIC EVENTS FROM REGIONAL SEA-LEVEL CHANGE USING FORAMINIFERAL DATA FROM THE U.S. WESTERN INTERIOR

Foraminiferal data from seven stratigraphic sections between the Utah-Wyoming thrust belt and western Kansas record 13 correlatable paleoecologic events between Coniacian and early Campanian time, and provide a framework for interpreting tectonic timing and regional sea-level changes. At least three events are synchronous within available biostratigraphic resolution. We infer that the events are regionally isochronous and result from short-term ( That the 13 paleoecologic events are observed across the foreland basin indicates that from western Kansas to the Sevier thrust belt the rate of change of sea level was sufficiently rapid to exceed the rate of sea-floor sedimentation in the case of sea-level rise, and the maximum rate of basin subsidence in the case of sea-level fall. The recognition of these events suggests that correlatable sea-level changes that are found within and beyond the flexural wavelength of foreland basins can be used to distinguish tectonic events from regional sea-level changes. The recognition of relatively short-term subsidence events indicates that tectonic events can occur in foreland basins on time scales similar to third-order (or possibly higher) eustatic sea-level changes. Although this study examines only data from the U.S. Western Interior, the technique of using high-resolution subsidence analysis to identify asymmetric subsidence promises to aid in identifying the tectonic component of subsidence in other foreland basin settings.
Association between neuropsychiatric and autonomic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

We sought to determine whether there was an association between specific neuropsychiatric deficits and autonomic dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied 20 patients and 20 age-matched control subjects with neuropsychiatric tests (Blessed, Cornell depression and NPI scores) and autonomic tests (Deep breath (HRdb), 30:15 ratio and orthostatic hypotension (Bpoh)). The 30:15 ratio was consistently reduced in AD patients as compared to control subjects (1.05 ± 0.07 for patients and 1.18 ± 0.1 for controls, p 0.001). Whereas there were no significant differences in the HRdb and presence of Bpoh. In AD patients with an abnormal 30:15 ratio, there were significant abnormalities in the Blessed score and in the apathy, delusions and aberrant motor behavior items of the NPI. The other autonomic tests did not correlate with any neuropsychiatric score. The relationship between abnormal cortical function and impaired 30:15 ratio suggested that a lack of cortical modulation of autonomic circuits may underlie cardiovascular instability in these patients.
Lithium, sodium and potassium transport in fast ion conducting glasses: trends and models

Abstract The ionic conductivities, glass transition temperatures (Tg) and densities were examined for an extensive number of glasses in the system R2O-RCl-B2O3 (R ≡ Li, Na, K). In general, increases in RCl resulted in systematic and sharp increases in alkali ion conductivity and decreases in T g and density. Linear decreases in the activation energy for conduction and T g on chlorine addition are traced to major changes in the network structure. Substitution of chlorine for oxygen serves to dilate the structure, thereby lowering the strain energy associated with migration of ions between near equivalent sites. The conductivity for a given glass composition decreases as the cation radius increases in the order lithium, sodium and potassium. Although there are large differences in ion size, the 0.81 eV activation enery for potassium ion motion in the diborate glass is only marginally different from that of sodium (0.77 eV) and lithium (0.74 eV). The larger alkali ions induce a dilation in the glass structure which compensates, at least in part, for the larger bottleneck size required for the larger ions in their motion through the structure. Chlorine additions produce more complex effects in the potassium glasses and are less efficient in enhancing the ionic conductivity. These observations are discussed with respect to the competing roles of excess volume and stiffness of the structure in controlling transport in these glasses.
Simple derivation of the initial fluid rate for the resuscitation of severely burned adult combat casualties: in silico validation of the rule of 10

Abstract : In practice, current burn resuscitation formulas, designed to estimate 24-hour fluid resuscitation needs, provide only a starting point for resuscitation. To simplify this process, we devised the rule of 10 to derive the initial fluid rate. Methods: We performed an in silico study to determine whether the rule of 10 would result in acceptable initial fluid rates for adult patients. A computer application using Java (Sun Microsystems Inc., Santa Clara, CA) generated a set of 100,000 random weights and percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) values with distributions matching the model characteristics with which the initial fluid rate was calculated using the rule of 10. The initial rate for 100,000 simulations was compared with initial rates calculated by using either the modified Brooke (MB, 2 mL/kg/%TBSA) or the Parkland (PL, 4 mL/kg/%TBSA) formulas. Results: Analysis of calculated initial fluid rates using the rule of 10 showed that 87.8% (n = 87,840) of patients fell between the initial rates derived by the MB and the PL formulas. Less than 12% (n = 11,502) of patients had rule of 10 derived initial rates below the MB. Among these patients, the median difference of the initial rate was 14 mL/hr (range, 2 - 212 mL/hr). Among those who had initial rule of 10 calculated rates greater than the PL formula ( less than 1%, n = 658), the median difference in rate was 33 mL/hr (range, 1 - 213 mL/hr), with a mean %TBSA of 21% 1% and mean weight of 130 + or - kg 11 kg. Conclusion: For the majority of adult burn patients, the rule of 10 approximates the initial fluid rate within acceptable ranges.
Characteristics and Factors Associated with the Risk of a Nicotine Exposed Pregnancy: Expanding the CHOICES Preconception Counseling Model to Tobacco

The preconception counseling model tested in the CDC funded Project CHOICES efficacy trial to reduce the risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) could be extended to smokers to prevent a nicotine-exposed pregnancy (NEP), when pharmacotherapy can be provided safely and disclosure of these risk behaviors is more likely. The CHOICES model, which incorporates motivational interviewing, encourages reduction of AEP risk by decreasing risky drinking or using effective contraception; in the efficacy trial, most women chose both options. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CHOICES epidemiologic survey data (N = 2,672) (Project CHOICES Research Group in Am J Prev Med 23(3), 166–173, 2002) to identify the prevalence of risk of NEP and the factors associated with this risk using logistic regression modeling procedures. Conducted in six settings with women at risk for AEP, the percentage of AEP was 12.5% (333/2,672) among women of childbearing age (18–44). A total of 464 of the 2,672 (17.4%) were at risk for NEP. Among women at-risk of an unplanned pregnancy (n = 1,532), the co-occurrence of AEP and NEP risk was more prevalent (16.3%) than AEP risk alone (5.5%) or NEP risk alone (14.0%). In the multivariable model, statistically significant correlates for NEP risk included lifetime drug use, prior alcohol/drug treatment, drug use in the last 6 months, being married or living with a partner, having multiple sexual partners in the last 6 months, physical abuse in the last year, and lower levels of education. These findings suggest that preconception counseling for NEP could be combined with a program targeting AEP.
A Structural Comparison of Films Regenerated from Cellulose Acetate and Viscose

Cellulose films having radically different physical properties were prepared by the standard viscose process and by the deacetylation of commercial cellulose acetate film. These films were characterized by x-ray, acid hydrolysis, differential swelling in caustic, and light and electron microscopy of freshly torn edges.Measurements by x-ray and acid hydrolysis reveal that the film from cellulose acetate has less crystalline material and smaller crystallite size than the viscose film. By drfferential swelling in caustic the film from cellulose acetate was shown to have less highly ordered material than the viscose film.Light and electron microscopy of freshly torn edges of the two films reveal a com mon structural element. Fibrils were seen, the size of which did not vary appreciably between the two films. The arrangement of the fibrils in the internal structure of the films was markedly different.By considering the data obtained from these different sources, an explanation of the property difference and it...
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detected Temperature Programmed Desorption: Optical Properties, Nanostructure, and Stability of Silver Film over SiO2 Nanosphere Surfaces

In this work, silver film over silica nanosphere (AgFON) surfaces are shown to be thermally stable, SERS-active substrates that are suitable for use in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The metal FON surface is a materials general, cost-effective, and highly SERS-active surface. The SERS activity and thermal stability were investigated by adsorbing benzene, pyridine, and C60 onto the AgFON surface. We chose these adsorbates for the following reasons: (1) vibrational spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) behavior of benzene adsorbed onto metal surfaces has been widely investigated and is a simple system to study, respectively; (2) characteristics of pyridine adsorption on the AgFON surface can be compared to a large body of previous studies; and (3) high-temperature studies of C60 adsorption can be performed. TPD demonstrates that the AgFON surface has two classes of adsorption sites: (1) those that mimic the behavior of single crystal surfaces and (2) defect sites with higher adsorba...
Parallel Geographic Variation in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally African species, has recently spread throughout the world, associated with human activity. The species has served as the focus of many studies investigating local adaptation relating to latitudinal variation in non-African populations, especially those from the United States and Australia. These studies have documented the existence of shared, genetically determined phenotypic clines for several life history and morphological traits. However, there are no studies designed to formally address the degree of shared latitudinal differentiation at the genomic level. Here we present our comparative analysis of such differentiation. Not surprisingly, we find evidence of substantial, shared selection responses on the two continents, probably resulting from selection on standing ancestral variation. The polymorphic inversion In(3R)P has an important effect on this pattern, but considerable parallelism is also observed across the genome in regions not associated with inversion polymorphism. Interestingly, parallel latitudinal differentiation is observed even for variants that are not particularly strongly differentiated, which suggests that very large numbers of polymorphisms are targets of spatially varying selection in this species.
Metacognition and Multiple Strategies in a Cognitive Model of Online Control

We present a cognitive model performing the Dynamic StocksF the model also correctly predicted oscillations of plausible magnitude. With its predictions, the model ranked first among the entries to the 2009 Dynamic Stocks&Flows modeling challenge.
TRANSPOSITIONS THÉÂTRALES: LECTURE D'EXCENTRATION

Focalizando a arte teatral, o estudo se define a partir de uma hipotese dupla de movimento a frente e movimento para tras. Em questao: as inexoraveis (re)manifestacoes do teatro, as quais, continuamente, exploram e realcam as convencoes do passado, enquanto, ao menos teoricamente, engajam-se em um ato de condenacao, renuncia e rescisao. Um movimento incessante e multidirecional de re-escritura e apagamento da atuacao enquanto texto e do texto enquanto atuacao. Paridade e disparidade, frequentemente amalgamadas, geram uma curiosa dinâmica.
Sentence interpretation by typically developing Vietnamese–English bilingual children

We examined developing bilinguals' use of animacy and word order cues during sentence interpretation tasks administered in each of their languages. Participants were 6- to 8-year-old children who learned Vietnamese as a first language and English as a second language (n = 23). Participants listened to simple sentences and identified the agent or “doer” of the action. English-only peers (n = 23) served as a comparison group. Results indicated that the bilingual group relied more on animacy than the English-only group when interpreting sentences in English and that the bilingual group used a blending or “amalgamation” of cues to interpret English and Vietnamese sentences. Significant within-group variation in cue preference was investigated as a function of age and proficiency in the first language and second language.
3D and Moving Target Extraction from Dynamic Pushbroom Stereo Mosaics

In this paper, we propose a dynamic pushbroom stereo mosaic approach for representing and extracting 3D structures and independent moving targets from urban 3D scenes. Our goal is to acquire panoramic mosaic maps with motion tracking information for 3D (moving) targets using a light aerial vehicle equipped with a video camera flying over an unknown area for urban surveillance. In dynamic pushbroom stereo mosaics, independent moving targets can be easily identified in the matching process of stereo mosaics by detecting the "out-ofplace" regions that violate epipolar constraints and/or give 3D anomalies. We propose a segmentation-based stereo matching approach with natural matching primitives to estimate the 3D structure of the scene, particularly the ground structures (e.g., roads) on which humans or vehicles move, and then to identify moving targets and to measure their 3D structures and movements.
EVIDENCE FOR THE DECREASING IMPACT OF COGNITIVE ABILITY ON SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AS PROFICIENCY INCREASES

This study investigated whether the role of working memory capacity varies over the course of second language (L2) morphosyntactic development. Eighty-seven beginning, intermediate, and advanced university L2 Spanish learners completed two nonverbal tasks measuring executive function (EF) and phonological working memory (PWM) in their native language (English) and two tasks measuring knowledge of ten grammatical structures in Spanish at three points during and after a semester of instruction. Robust relationships between both working memory components, especially PWM, and L2 performance, emerged only for lower level learners, particularly at the start of instruction and 3.5 months later. Findings demonstrate that the facilitative effects of cognitive ability appear to lessen with increasing L2 proficiency and empirically support a developmental perspective of L2 learning.
Why Clinical Research Grant Applications Fare Poorly in Review and How to Recover

(1987). Why Clinical Research Grant Applications Fare Poorly in Review and How to Recover. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 55-58.