cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C2WT-TE: A model-based open platform for integrated simulations of transactive smart grids

Evaluation of the smart grid in the presence of dynamic market-based pricing and complex networks of small and large producers, consumers, and distributers is a very difficult task. It not only involves multiple, interacting, heterogeneous cyber-physical domains, but also requires tight integration of power markets, dynamic pricing and transactions, and price-sensitive consumer behavior, where consumers can also be producers of power. These dynamics introduce a huge challenge of maintaining stability of the power grid. Moreover, evolving business models and regulatory environment, including human factors need to be a key part of the evaluation as they directly affect the demand-response in the grid. Furthermore, as sensors and computations are becoming more distributed on edge devices and as they often employ normal communication channels, cyber security of the critical power grid infrastructure has become ever more important to prevent cyber intrusions and attack. Current research has largely focused on one or a few of these challenges and the simulation tools developed cater to these individual tasks, such as network simulators, power distribution simulators, or human or organization and policy simulators. However, to attain a deeper understanding of the transactive grid behavior, analysis of grid stability, and to optimize resources both from consumers', and generators' perspective, a comprehensive platform is needed to facilitate end-to-end evaluation of all of these aspects. This paper describes an open platform that provides a coherent framework for integrated transactive energy simulations of smart grids and is readily customizable and extensible for various simulation tools.
The Left Side of History: World War II and the unfulfilled promise of communism in eastern Europe

The Left Side of History is an ambitious book. It is a biography of a young man and woman who served in the Bulgarian partisan movement during the Second World War; it is a profile of ageing activi...
Ethics and Statistics: Ethics and the Statistical Use of Prior Information

Debates about statistical foundations can be annoying to practitioners but are important in that foundational claims are used to make general recommendations for practice. All statistical methods a...
A type of Volterra operator

In Diamantopoulos and Siskakis (Studia Math 140:191–198, 2000), the authors study the action of the classical Cesaro matrix C on the Taylor coefficients of analytic functions on the Hardy spaces \(H^p(\mathbb {D}), \;\; 1<p < \infty .\) They convert the matricial action of C on sequences into a Volterra type integral operator \(\mathbb {H}\) on \(H^P.\) They show that it is bounded for \(1<p<\infty \) and derive estimates on the operator norm of \(\mathbb {H}.\) We continue this study and show that \(\mathbb {H}\) maps boundedly from \(H^1(\mathbb {D})\) into the space of Cauchy transforms of finite Borel measures on unit circle. We show that \(\mathbb {H}\) is one to one on \(H^2(\mathbb {D}).\)
Double-chirped Bragg gratings in a silicon nitride waveguide

Double-chirped Bragg gratings for use in dispersion compensation are demonstrated using silicon nitride waveguides, on a silicon photonics platform that allows for 3-D integration of photonic devices with CMOS electronics.
Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has come a long way in characterizing the structure and function of biological molecules since the first one-dimensional spectrum of protein was recorded about 30 years ago. To date (September 1, 2012), there are 9,521 solution NMR structures in the Protein Data Bank, compared to 74,009 determined by crystallographic methods. Unlike X-ray and electron microscopy (EM) methods, which are based on the concepts of Fourier optics and image reconstruction, structure determination by NMR involves measuring structural restraints and finding structural solutions that satisfy the restraints. Although the NMR approach is much less direct in a physical sense, it has proven itself over the years to be capable of de novo structure determination at high precision. Moreover, the method is highly versatile and can be used in a variety of ways for addressing mechanistic questions. NMR measurements of protein internal dynamics and protein-protein or protein-ligand interaction are directly relevant to function in vivo because the molecules are often in physiological buffer conditions. The method can also be applied to investigate protein-folding intermediates, conformational changes, as well as intrinsically unfolded proteins. Recently, along with X-ray and EM, solution NMR has entered a state of rapid growth for structural studies of membrane proteins, already demonstrating its feasibility in de novo structure determination of membrane-embedded ion channels and receptors. As the hardware advances rapidly, especially in cryogenic probes that have much higher sensitivity, the sample concentration required for solution NMR investigation is decreasing, hopefully soon to a concentration level at which nonspecific protein aggregation is no longer an issue. After three decades of improvement in spectrometer technology, NMR pulse experiments, isotope labeling schemes, and structure determination software, we believe that solution NMR will truly enter the production phase in the next decade to answer biological questions of high impact, and to become more versatile than ever in complementing X-ray and EM in investigating protein structure and function.
Analysis of the Factors Contributing to Vertebral Compression Fractures After Spine Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Purpose To determine our institutional vertebral compression fracture (VCF) rate after spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and determine contributory factors. Methods and Materials Retrospective analysis from 2001 to 2013 at a single institution was performed. With institutional review board approval, electronic medical records of 1905 vertebral bodies from 791 patients who were treated with SRS for the management of primary or metastatic spinal lesions were reviewed. A total of 448 patients (1070 vertebral bodies) with adequate follow-up imaging studies available were analyzed. Doses ranging from 10 Gy in 1 fraction to 60 Gy in 5 fractions were delivered. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate the primary endpoints of this study: development of a new VCF, progression of an existing VCF, and requirement of stabilization surgery after SRS. Results A total of 127 VCFs (11.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.5%-14.2%) in 97 patients were potentially SRS induced: 46 (36%) were de novo, 44 (35%) VCFs progressed, and 37 (29%) required stabilization surgery after SRS. Our rate for radiologic VCF development/progression (excluding patients who underwent surgery) was 8.4%. Upon further exclusion of patients with hematologic malignancies the VCF rate was 7.6%. In the univariate analyses, females (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.01-2.33, P =.04), prior VCF (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.30-3.06, P =.001), primary hematologic malignancies (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.68-4.28, P P =.02), and lytic lesions had a significantly increased risk for VCF after SRS. On multivariate analyses, prior VCF and lesion type remained contributory. Conclusions Single-fraction SRS doses of 16 to 18 Gy to the spine seem to be associated with a low rate of VCFs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest reported experience analyzing SRS-induced VCFs, with one of the lowest event rates reported.
Smart resistor: Dynamic stabilization of constant power loads in DC microgrids with high bandwidth power converters and energy storage

Power Electronic converters and electric motor drives have found increased application in automobiles, ships and microgrids. These devices when driving loads in a regulated fashion act as Constant Power Loads (CPLs). CPLs can be power converters, each regulating input current to maintain a constant output power. These converters can cause destabilizing effects on the grid due to their nonlinear behavior. This paper studies the effect of CPLs on DC Microgrids and analyzes their stability. It also demonstrates a method to dynamically stabilize these loads locally by converting them into a smart resistor using high bandwidth power converters and energy storage units. The bandwidth offered by this circuit enables the DC Microgrid to locally control any instabilities on the grid. The proposed method decentralizes the control effort making the microgrid more intelligent and reliable. Analysis is verified using simulation tools and validated using a hardware test setup.
A Rare Case of Septic Shock Secondary to Emphysematous Hepatitis.

Objective. To describe a case of emphysematous hepatitis which is a rare clinical entity, characterized by a fatal, rapidly progressive infection of the liver with a radiological appearance simulating emphysematous pyelonephritis and to help provide more data about the causative organisms and precipitating factors of this pathology. Data Sources and Synthesis. Relevant literature was reviewed and, to the best of our knowledge, there is limited data regarding the pathogenesis, causative organisms, and management of this condition. Conclusion. Emphysematous hepatitis is a rapidly progressive infection that can be fatal in the absence of appropriate therapeutic intervention. Initial clinical manifestations are usually subtle and thus high clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and management of this condition to help decrease the mortality rates.
Coexistence and displacement in consumer-resource systems with local and shared resources

Competition for local and shared resources is widespread. For example, colonial waterbirds consume local prey in the immediate vicinity of their colony, as well as shared prey across multiple colonies. However, there is little understanding of conditions facilitating coexistence vs. displacement in such systems. Extending traditional models based on type I and type II functional responses, we simulate consumer-resource systems in which resources are “substitutable,” “essential,” or “complementary.” It is shown that when resources are complementary or essential, a small increase in carrying capacity or decrease in handling time of a local resource may displace a spatially separate consumer species, even when the effect on shared resources is small. This work underscores the importance of determining both the nature of resource competition (substitutable, essential, or complementary) and appropriate scale-dependencies when studying metacommunities. We discuss model applicability to complex systems, e.g., urban wildlife that consume natural and anthropogenic resources which may displace rural competitors by depleting shared prey.
Creating a Prosperous Full Employment Economy

Government must develop policies that assures market demand spending is increasing sufficient to induce managers of enterprises to hire the currently unemployed. This chapter explains specific government fiscal and monetary policies to create enough market demand to produce a fully employed economy. The implications for deficit spending and the growth of the national debt is analyzed.
Accelerating volumetric cine MRI (VC-MRI) using undersampling for real-time 3D target localization/tracking in radiation therapy: a feasibility study.

PURPOSE To accelerate volumetric cine MRI (VC-MRI) using undersampled 2D-cine MRI to provide real-time 3D guidance for gating/target tracking in radiotherapy. METHODS 4D-MRI is acquired during patient simulation. One phase of the prior 4D-MRI is selected as the prior images, designated as MRIprior. The on-board VC-MRI at each time-step is considered a deformation of the MRIprior. The deformation field map is represented as a linear combination of the motion components extracted by principal component analysis from the prior 4D-MRI. The weighting coefficients of the motion components are solved by matching the corresponding 2D-slice of the VC-MRI with the on-board undersampled 2D-cine MRI acquired. Undersampled Cartesian and radial k-space acquisition strategies were investigated. The effects of k-space sampling percentage (SP) and distribution, tumor sizes and noise on the VC-MRI estimation were studied. The VC-MRI estimation was evaluated using XCAT simulation of lung cancer patients and data from liver cancer patients. Volume percent difference (VPD) and Center of Mass Shift (COMS) of the tumor volumes and tumor tracking errors were calculated. RESULTS For XCAT, VPD/COMS were 11.93 ± 2.37%/0.90 ± 0.27 mm and 11.53 ± 1.47%/0.85 ± 0.20 mm among all scenarios with Cartesian sampling (SP = 10%) and radial sampling (21 spokes, SP = 5.2%), respectively. When tumor size decreased, higher sampling rate achieved more accurate VC-MRI than lower sampling rate. VC-MRI was robust against noise levels up to SNR = 20. For patient data, the tumor tracking errors in superior-inferior, anterior-posterior and lateral (LAT) directions were 0.46 ± 0.20 mm, 0.56 ± 0.17 mm and 0.23 ± 0.16 mm, respectively, for Cartesian-based sampling with SP = 20% and 0.60 ± 0.19 mm, 0.56 ± 0.22 mm and 0.42 ± 0.15 mm, respectively, for radial-based sampling with SP = 8% (32 spokes). CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to estimate VC-MRI from a single undersampled on-board 2D cine MRI. Phantom and patient studies showed that the temporal resolution of VC-MRI can potentially be improved by 5-10 times using a 2D cine image acquired with 10-20% k-space sampling.
Estimation of cluster centroids in presence of noisy observations

This paper considers the problem of clustering vector-valued datasets whose replicate observations are contaminated by weighted additive zero-mean white measurement noise. A corresponding error model of the cluster centroid is developed. Subsequently, an optimal iterative algorithm is proposed for updating cluster centroids obtained by using the k-means algorithm implemented on each set of noisy observations. The gain of the proposed algorithm aims for periteration minimization of the mean square estimate error. Three other methods are considered for performance evaluation. A numerical toy example is presented in order to illustrate the performance capabilities of the proposed method.
Dare to Share the Silence: Tools and Practices of Contemplative Pedagogy in a Library Brain Booth

A research study at a rural, public university revealed interest among college students in engaging in mindfulness and contemplative practices within their university library. This study also identified a gap between interest in contemplative pedagogy among faculty and their engagement in contemplative practices within this newly-created library space, The Library Brain Booth. This study shares the results of visits to the Library Brain Booth by both first-time and returning participants. It also provides mean usage time at each of the following stations that were created to support mindfulness and contemplation: biofeedback, color-relax, game-relax, light-relax, read-relax, silent-relax, sound-relax, audio-meditate, prompt-meditate, video-meditate, gratitude-express, and virtual reality-immerse. The results of the study are intended to support the explicit promotion of metacognition and mindfulness in the academic process, both through mindfulness activities within the library for students, and through contemplative pedagogy in information literacy instruction.
New Opportunities for Identification and Reduction of Coronary Risk: Treatment of Vulnerable Patients, Arteries, and Plaques

Advances in the understanding of the role of vulnerable plaque in the causation of coronary events, coupled with novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, create a new opportunity for progress against cardiovascular disease. The recognition that non-flow-limiting plaques often produce cardiac events has led to the development of invasive and non-invasive methods to identify such plaques prospectively. Treatments such as stenting, photodynamic therapy, and novel pharmaceutical agents are under consideration as methods to stabilize the vulnerable plaques and patients that might be detected, thereby enhancing both primary and secondary prevention. Despite the promise of the field, many issues remain to be resolved, including the focality versus systemic nature of the atherosclerotic process, the ability of detectors to identify the target for which they were developed and prove that such a target is linked to clinical events, and the efficacy of specific therapy. If vulnerable plaques and patients can be successfully identified and treated, there will be immense clinical benefits, accompanied by cost savings.
A Conscious Institutional Strategy for Expanding Experiential Education

As law schools seek to better prepare students for the profession, they are searching for opportunities to expose students to practical learning opportunities during the entire course of their legal education by incorporating experiential education throughout the curriculum. Numerous measures can be part of a conscious institutional strategy to promote experiential education. These include: Hiring faculty with significant law practice experience or education in teaching methods; Recognizing the scholarship of teaching for tenure purposes; Providing incentives to promote experiential education, such as offering teaching innovation grants to faculty to encourage the creation of new curriculum structures or the incorporation of experiential exercises into course; Supporting faculty attendance at teaching conferences, and holding regular in-house faculty teaching workshops that feature experiential education and sharing ideas for integrating theory, doctrine, and practice; Encouraging doctrinally-focused faculty, especially those who do not have significant practice experience, to collaborate with either clinical faculty or local practitioners to co-create and co-teach courses with experiential components; Appointing an Associate Dean or Director of Experiential Learning. This section of the forthcoming book Building on Best Practices: Transforming Legal Education in a Changing World (Lexis 2015) discusses these strategies, with an emphasis on considerations for appointing someone to lead this effort.
Exploratory Genomic Data Analysis

In this chapter, an introductory description of the exploration of genomic data is given. Rather than attempt an exhaustive overview of the types of genomic data and methods of analysis, the chapter focuses on one type of data, gene expression profiling by microarray technology, and one method of analysis, cluster analysis for discovering and sorting mixed populations. This type of data and method of analysis is very common in bioinformatics. It illustrates recurring problems and solutions. And a major portion of bioinformatics dealing with exploratory genomic data analysis can be viewed as a refinement and extension of this basic analysis.
Care Coordination and Population Health Management Strategies and Challenges in a Behavioral Health Home Model.

Objectives Behavioral health home (BHH) models have been developed to integrate physical and mental health care and address medical comorbidities for individuals with serious mental illnesses. Previous studies identified population health management capacity and coordination with primary care providers as key barriers to BHH implementation. This study examines the BHH leaders' perceptions of and organizational capacity to conduct these functions within the community mental health programs implementing BHHs in Maryland. Methods Interviews and surveys were conducted with 72 implementation leaders and 627 front-line staff from 46 of 48 Maryland BHH programs. In-depth coding of the population health management and primary care coordination themes identified subthemes related to these topics. Results BHH staff described cultures supportive of evidence-based practices, but limited ability to effectively perform population health management or primary care coordination. Tension between population health management and direct, clinical care, lack of experience, and state regulations for service delivery were identified as key challenges for population health management. Engaging primary care providers was the primary barrier to care coordination. Health information technology and staffing were barriers to both functions. Conclusions BHHs face a number of barriers to effective implementation of core program elements. To improve programs' ability to conduct effective population health management and care coordination and meaningfully impact health outcomes for individuals with serious mental illness, multiple strategies are needed, including formalized protocols, training for staff, changes to financing mechanisms, and health information technology improvements.
An architectural framework for accelerating dynamic parallel algorithms on reconfigurable hardware

In this paper, we propose ParallelXL, an architectural framework for building application-specific parallel accelerators with low manual effort. The framework introduces a task-based computation model with explicit continuation passing to support dynamic parallelism in addition to static parallelism. In contrast, today's high-level design frameworks for accelerators focus on static data-level or thread-level parallelism that can be identified and scheduled at design time. To realize the new computation model, we develop an accelerator architecture that efficiently handles dynamic task generation and scheduling as well as load balancing through work stealing. The architecture is general enough to support many dynamic parallel constructs such as fork-join, data-dependent task spawning, and arbitrary nesting and recursion of tasks, as well as static parallel patterns. We also introduce a design methodology that includes an architectural template that allows easily creating parallel accelerators from high-level descriptions. The proposed framework is studied through an FPGA prototype as well as detailed simulations. Evaluation results show that the framework can generate high-performance accelerators targeting FPGAs for a wide range of parallel algorithms and achieve an average of 4.0x speedup over an eight-core out-of-order processor (24.1x over a single core), while being 11.8x more energy efficient.
Propagation of Extrinsic Fluctuations in Biochemical Birth–Death Processes

Biochemical reactions are often subject to a complex fluctuating environment, which means that the corresponding reaction rates may themselves be time-varying and stochastic. If the environmental noise is common to a population of downstream processes, then the resulting rate fluctuations will induce statistical correlations between them. In this paper we investigate how such correlations depend on the form of environmental noise by considering a simple birth–death process with dynamical disorder in the birth rate. In particular, we derive expressions for the second-order statistics of two birth–death processes evolving in the same noisy environment. We find that these statistics not only depend on the second-order statistics of the environment, but the full generator of the process describing it, thus providing useful information about the environment. We illustrate our theory by considering applications to stochastic gene transcription and cell sensing.
Learning Behavior of Memristor-Based Neuromorphic Circuits in the Presence of Radiation

In this paper, a feed-forward spiking neural network with memristive synapses is designed to learn a spatio-temporal pattern representing the 25-pixel character 'B' by separating correlated and uncorrelated afferents. The network uses spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning behavior, which is implemented using biphasic neuron spikes. A TiO2 memristor non-linear drift model is used to simulate synaptic behavior in the neuromorphic circuit. The network uses a many-to-one topology with 25 pre-synaptic neurons (afferent) each connected to a memristive synapse and one postsynaptic neuron. The memristor model is modified to include the experimentally observed effect of state-altering radiation. During the learning process, irradiation of the memristors alters their conductance state, and the effect on circuit learning behavior is determined. Radiation is observed to generally increase the synaptic weight of the memristive devices, making the network connections more conductive and less stable. However, the network appears to relearn the pattern when radiation ceases but does take longer to resolve the correlation and pattern. Network recovery time is proportional to flux, intensity, and duration of the radiation. Further, at lower but continuous radiation exposure, (flux 1x1010 cm-2s-1 and below), the circuit resolves the pattern successfully for up to 100 s.
Raising Children Across Religious Boundaries in the Dutch Revolt

This chapter investigates the significant role of kinship in the lives of children growing up in the religiously divided context of the Dutch Revolt through the experience of the nine children of Carlo della Faille and Cecile Grammaye. Raised in the Calvinist faith in the Dutch Republic but possessing kin on both sides of the border, eight of the nine children left the United Provinces for opportunities provided by kin in Antwerp and Italy after the death of their mother in 1591. The case of the children of Carlo and Cecile demonstrates how the financial, social and moral significance of the bonds of kinship opened up a space of toleration for the continuance of familial interactions and even the movement of adolescents across religious borders.
Analysis of cataract surgery in the Shanghai Changning district from 2010 to 2013

Objective To summarize and analyze the status of cataract surgery and the characteristics of cataract patients in the Shanghai Changning district from 2010 to 2013; to provide data for the future prevention of blindness.Methods Data from patients and epidemiological characteristics for cataract surgery were collected from the Shanghai municipal disease prevention information management system.A chi-square test was used to compare the results from 2010 to 2013 in Changning district.Results There were 36 854 cataract removal operations performed in Changning district from 2010 to 2013 with 93.78％ of the patients over sixty years of age.Females accounted for 58.88％,which was slightly higher than males.Age-related cataract was the main type of cataract in 97.81％ of the patients.Phacoemulsification was the main surgical technique used,accounting for 99.72％ of the surgeries,and IOL implants accounted for 99.87％.Conclusion The cataract surgical rate in the Shanghai Changning district was high up until 2013.Phacoemulsification is the main method for treating cataract. Key words: Cataract extraction; Data collection; Small-area analysis
CRISPR Turbo Accelerated Knock Out (CRISPy TAKO) for rapid in vivo screening of gene function

Abstract The development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has vastly sped up the process of genome editing by introducing a bacterial system that can be exploited for reverse genetics-based research. However, generating homozygous knockout (KO) animals using traditional CRISPR/Cas9-mediated techniques requires three generations of animals. A founder animal with a desired mutation is crossed to produce heterozygous F1 offspring which are subsequently interbred to generate homozygous F2 KO animals. This study describes a novel adaptation of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated method to develop a homozygous gene-targeted KO animal cohort in one generation. A well-characterized ethanol-responsive gene, MyD88, was chosen as a candidate gene for generation of MyD88-/- mice as proof of concept. Previous studies have reported changes in ethanol-related behavioral outcomes in MyD88 KO mice. Therefore, it was hypothesized that a successful one-generation KO of MyD88 should reproduce decreased responses to ethanols sedative effects, as well as increased ethanol consumption in males that were observed in previous studies. One-cell mouse embryos were simultaneously electroporated with four gRNAs targeting a critical Exon of MyD88 along with Cas9. DNA and RNA analysis of founder mice revealed a complex mix of genetic alterations, all of which were predicted to ablate MyD88 gene function. This study additionally compared responses of Mock treatment control mice generated through electroporation to controls purchased from a vendor. No substantial behavioral changes were noted between control cohorts. Overall, the CRISPR/Cas9 KO protocol reported here, which we call CRISPR Turbo Accelerated KnockOut (CRISPy TAKO), will be useful for reverse genetic in vivo screens of gene function in whole animals.
Rapid Implementation and Adaptation of a Telehospitalist Service to Coordinate and Optimize Care for COVID-19 Patients.

Background/Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic poses enormous resource challenges to hospitals. Telemedicine is increasingly recognized as an attractive tool to alleviate resource strains. Herein we describe the rapid implementation and sequential process improvement (PI) of a centralized telehospitalist service to coordinate and optimize management of large number of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary and quaternary care hospital very close to the New York City epicenter. Methods: Prospective multidisciplinary PI meetings were held weekly between March 23 and May 10, 2020, and consensus service modifications were implemented for the following week. Inpatient census data, telehospitalist intervention volumes, and service utilization statistics were collected. Results/Discussion: Between March 23 and May 10, 2020, a total of 745 COVID-19 patients were admitted to the general medical wards. The telehospitalist service performed 1,136 audiovisual (AV) patient assessments, 379 best practice interventions, cohorted 108 patients, and conducted 170 remote family conversations. During the consecutive PI cycles, a number of adaptations in AV setup, care standardization, patient logistics, communication, and consultative functions were made to load balance the bedside hospitalist teams. As the COVID-19 hospital census increased to peak levels, the most value was added through facilitation of communication and collaboration between the bedside clinical teams, the infection prevention and control teams, and patient logistics team. Conclusions: A telehospitalist service can be rapidly implemented with basic telemedicine equipment. Processes/this functions can be sequentially adapted to quickly changing needs during conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic that very quickly can place extraordinary strains on hospital resources.
Effect of time to treatment and comprehensive care at commission on cancer-accredited practices on survival in rural patients with colorectal cancer.

109Background: Rural cancer care in the United States has unique challenges from variable access to care. This study examined differences in time to first treatment (TTT), a surrogate for access, a...
Drivers of change in forests and forestry: an introduction

A fundamental precept of strategic foresight research is that there are multiple possible futures. These futures can be influenced by myriad social, environmental, economic, and technological trends and events. Strategic foresight research often employs horizon scanning methods to identify weak signals of change that have the potential to influence future conditions. There are also stronger, more overarching forces that have changed conditions in the past, are influencing the present, and are anticipated to continue to do so in the future.
Robotic timber assembly

This paper presents an efficient workflow for the established digital fabrication and robotic assembly of a discrete timber structure. Here, the complexity and aesthetic value of the structure are derived from the aggregation and assembly of similar parts. In limiting the architectural building blocks to a few similar pieces, specific assembly is freed, and infinite structures can be constructed through iteration with the same sequential logic. Fabrication of the individual pieces is simplified, reducing material and energy use through standardization of component parts. The research further examines the potential of how three-dimensional wooden joinery can be incorporated to work with the robotic assembly, not only by analyzing the use of industrial robotic arms with an intent to leverage their capabilities, but also by exploring their limitations. In establishing a workflow around a joint which requires no adhesives or fasteners, the ability to robotically disassemble and reassemble the structures infinitely in different ways maximizes structural potential and material reuse. The assembly and aggregation of these joineries demonstrate a prototype that can be adopted for future timber constructions.
Acute Influenza B Infection Presenting as Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report

Influenza A and B acute infections usually affect primarily the respiratory system. In rare cases, however, the cardiovascular system is also compromised either via the direct effect of the virus or via the worsening of preexisting cardiac conditions. We present a rare case of acute Influenza B infection presenting as pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. A healthy 32-year-old female was presented to the emergency room with influenza-like symptoms for four days, where she was monitored for a few hours and was subsequently discharged to home after testing positive for Influenza B by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On the fifth day, she returned to the emergency room with worsening symptoms, primarily exertional dyspnea. She was hypotensive and tachycardic and temporarily improved with fluid administration. She was transferred to the intensive care unit, where a bedside point of care ultrasound (POCUS) and later a formal transthoracic echocardiogram revealed that she had pericardial effusion with sonographic signs of cardiac tamponade. Emergent pericardiocentesis was performed and resulted in hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement. The pericardial drain that was initially left in place and continued to drain pericardial fluid (700 ccs in total), was removed 3 days later, after echocardiographic confirmation of the resolution of the pericardial effusion. She completed a five-day course of Oseltamivir and was subsequently discharged home safely. In summary, our case describes an acute Influenza B infection that was complicated by pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. It also highlights the importance of bedside POCUS and echocardiography in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac tamponade cases, frequently with pericardiocentesis as in our case.
Surgical Intervention for Paronychia Induced by Targeted Anticancer Therapies.

Background Paronychia is a common toxicity associated with targeted anticancer therapies. Antibiotics and steroids are the standard treatments for severe paronychia, yet they are often inadequate, prolonging the patient's suffering and resulting in changes to effective cancer therapy. Objective This article describes the clinical course of drug-induced paronychia and attempts to identify circumstances under which nail surgery may be beneficial. Materials and methods This is a retrospective case series from a single institution's electronic medical record for patients on paronychia-inducing anticancer therapies with nail disease visit diagnosis codes. Results The authors identified 36 nail procedures performed on 12 patients, all of whom were managed with conservative steroid and antibiotic therapy with varying degrees of improvement; however, no further improvement was seen after 90 days. Partial matricectomy, nail avulsion, debridement/clipping, and incision and drainage were performed with resolution rates of 100% (11/11), 38.5% (5/13), 12.5% (1/8), and 0% (0/4), respectively. The average time to surgical intervention was 196 days, and the average time to resolution was 268 days. Conclusion This series highlights the prolonged course of severe drug-induced paronychia and the importance of surgical intervention to reduce pain and impact on cancer treatment. Partial matricectomy should be considered for paronychia unresponsive to conservative therapy by 3 months.
In search of an ontology for 4E theories: from new mechanism to causal powers realism

Embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended (4E) theorists do not typically focus on the ontological frameworks in which they develop their theories. One exception is 4E theories that embrace New Mechanism. In this paper, we endorse the New Mechanist’s general turn to ontology, but argue that their ontology is not the best on the market for 4E theories. Instead, we advocate for a different ontology: causal powers realism. Causal powers realism posits that psychological manifestations are the product of mental powers, and that mental powers are empirically-discoverable features of individuals that account for the causal work those individuals do. We contend that causal powers realism provides a unifying framework for the central commitments of 4E theories, as well as additional resources for theorizing in a 4E framework. And while New Mechanism offers some of these resources as well, we argue that causal powers realism is ultimately the better of the two.
Remembering the Times of Our Lives: Memory in Infancy and Beyond

Contents: Part I: Autobiographical Memory and Its Significance. Remembering the Times of Our Lives. Autobiographical Memory in Adults. Infantile or Childhood Amnesia. Part II: Memory in Infancy and Very Early Childhood. Declarative Memory in the First Years of Life. The Neural Bases of Declarative Memory in Adults. Development of the Neural Substrate for Declarative Memory. Part III: Autobiographical Memory in Childhood. Event and Autobiographical Memory in the Preschool Years. "What Develops" in Preschoolers' Recall of Specific Past Events? The Context of Autobiographical Memory Development. Part IV: The "Fates" of Early Memories. Crossing the Great Divides of Childhood Amnesia. The Shifting Balance of Remembering and Forgetting.
Maternally Transmitted Antigen

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the evidence regarding the genetic mechanisms of Mta transmission and the class I nature of the surface antigen. By far the most intriguing aspect of maternally transmitted antigen (Mta) is its strict maternal inheritance. It is because of unawareness of any other cell surface antigen in metazoa that is inherited in this manner. Although the conclusive experiments have yet to be completed, it is thought that the evidence for mitochondrial control of Mta phenotype is rather persuasive. Mta is defined by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition; to date no antibodies to Mta have been reported. Mta disparity also induces skin graft rejection as well as weak secondary mixed lyinphocyte responses. Restriction enzyme polymorphism analysis and transfer of mitochondria via cell fusion indicate that the genetic element controlling the Mta polymorphism is probably located within mitochondria.
Distributed fault monitoring in manufacturing systems using concurrent discrete-event observations

The discrete-event nature of on-line data from an automated manufacturing system offers many challenges for on-line fault detection. In this paper, the template monitoring method is developed as a simple but versatile method of using discrete event signals for fault monitor­ ing of manufacturing systems. This monitoring method is easily distributable, suitable for monitoring highly concurrent systems, and has low computational requirements. This paper describes template monitoring using event observations, and demonstrates a method for automatically generating template monitoring models from timed automata specifications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling mentoring dialogue within a teacher social networking site

Online social networking tools promise to enable mentorship, professional development, and resource sharing between teachers across the Internet. This paper describes a first attempt to model teacher dialogue, an effort that will eventual lead to overlay tools that promote these kinds of beneficial community behaviors.
A constraint logic approach to modal deduction

A general method of automated modal logic theorem proving is discussed and illustrated. Sentences in modal logic are translated into a constraint logic in which the constraints represent the connections between worlds in the possible world semantics for modal logic. Deduction in the constraint logic is performed by a non-modal deductive system which has been systematically enhanced with special-purpose constraint processing mechanisms. The result is a modal logic theorem prover, whose soundness and completeness is an immediate consequence of the correctness of the non-modal deductive system and some general results on constraint deduction. The framework achieves significant generality in that it provides for the extension of a wide range of non-modal systems to corresponding modal systems and that this can be done for a wide range of modal logics. A number of existing modal logic theorem proving systems can be rationally reconstructed as particular instances of this general method.
A-Design: Theory and Implementation of an Adaptive, Agent-Based Method of Conceptual Design

A new theory of engineering design known as A-Design is introduced that models the workings of realistic engineering design in a complex adaptive system of interacting software agents. The methodology is general enough to be used on a variety of search problems, however the motivation behind the research is to create design configurations. The system constructs meaningful designs from a catalog of electromechanical components based on a variety of user-defined objectives while accom—modating changes that might occur in the focus of the problem.
Computational math, science, and technology (CMST): a strategy to improve STEM workforce and pedagogy to improve math and science education

Integrated approach to education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has recently become a common practice. Technologies such as wireless graphing calculators, electronic whiteboards, and computers help engage students in classroom activities. Modeling and simulation software allow experimentation without usual prerequisites while enabling a pedagogical approach to display interconnectedness of math and science. Controlled simulations and layered approach to learning seem to offer long-sought support for inquiry-based curricula in public schools. Today's jobs require multiple skills, necessitating a broader college education. While students with multiple majors can be seen on college campuses, the overall number of degree holders in technical fields has gone down steadily. A handful of institutions have established multidisciplinary programs to adjust to these concerns and to better serve diverse interests of students.
Induction of the ara Operon of Escherichia coli B/r

The inducer specificity and kinetics of induction of the ara operon were examined in Escherichia coli B/r. A difference in the kinetics of induction was found between our B/r strains and the K-12 strain previously described by Schleif. The roles of active transport and metabolism of inducer, and of cell density, in induction were studied. d-Fucose and β-methyl-l-arabinoside were competitive inhibitors of induction. No inducer of the wild-type strain other than l-arabinose was found. However, a procedure for selecting mutants with altered inducer affinity or specificity was developed. The properties of one such mutant (inducible by d-fucose) are described.
The west wing: fiction can serve politics

The increasingly popular design technique called 'personas' provides a natural way to introduce issues of diversity and power relationships in software development. Persona development is a powerful technique that must be used carefully. It may be the most effective way to introduce participative approaches into mass market software development. This is of broader significance because it is increasingly risky to work locally without carefully considering the directions of commercial software development.
Computer-aided logic synthesis for VLSI chips

Publisher Summary Logic design in designing computers generally means the design of a logic network, with prespecified types of logic gates, that realizes a given logic function. This chapter provides an overview of the research on automated logic synthesis, the design of minimal logic networks by integer programming, the transduction method for the design of NOR logic networks, the logic design of MOS networks, and SYLON—the new Logic-Synthesis system. Minimal networks do not necessarily lead to the most compact layout on a chip, but minimal or near-minimal networks generally would lead to the most compact layouts. Because of the progress of the VLSI technology, a single chip can be packed with an enormous number of transistors. The transduction method is based on the following: design of an initial network, reduction of a network, transformation of a network, and repetition of reduction and transformation. The significance of the transduction method is the introduction of the basic concept whereby local and/or global transformation and reduction were repeatedly applied to initial networks at a time when initial networks with simple transformations based on certain connection patterns were considered to be the final result of the logic design. Future computers will consist of a far larger number of logic gates than present ones. Faced only recently with the formidable task of designing networks with such a large number of logic gates, the computer industry has no choice but to use automated logic synthesis. This is just the beginning of extensive use of automated logic synthesis, and will need many years to improve it in numerous aspects, such as computational efficiency, capability of handling logic networks of ever-increasing size, quality of designed networks, and types of electronic circuits.
Sickle cell disease presenting with extensive peri-macular arteriolar occlusions in a nine-year-old boy

PURPOSE: To report a dramatic occlusive event of the macula surrounding the foveal avascular zone, causing severe and permanent loss of vision in a child with sickle cell disease. METHODS: Case report. A nine-year-old boy with SS hemoglobinopathy and oculocutaneous albinism developed acute unilateral loss of vision. RESULTS: Ophthalmoscopy revealed a pale, milky white, thickened retinal lesion centered on the fovea in the right eye as well as foveal hypoplasia in the left eye. The presence of macular malformation associated with oculocutaneous albinism precluded formation of a cherry-red spot. Fluorescein angiography of the right eye demonstrated extensive occlusions of the arterioles surrounding the foveal avascular zone. The presence of occlusions surrounding the fovea from multiple directions suggested the possibility of central retinal artery occlusion with migration of microemboli downstream. CONCLUSION: The patient, the youngest case reported, developed an irreversible macular infarction that was not improved by an exchange erythrocyte transfusion. He was placed on a long-term monthly transfusion protocol to protect his unaffected eye.