cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Congestive heart failure alters receptor-dependent cAMP-mediated relaxation of canine pulmonary arteries.

BACKGROUND Alterations in myocardial function and systemic vascular tone are well documented in congestive heart failure (CHF), but little information is available on the effects of CHF on pulmonary vessels. We examined the mechanisms of tone regulation of canine pulmonary arteries during pacing-induced CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS Rings 3-4 mm wide from lobar pulmonary arteries were prepared from normal dogs, dogs paced at 210 beats per minute for 3 weeks (paced group, nonfailure), and dogs also paced at 240 beats per minute during the fourth week to induce severe heart failure (CHF group). Contractile responses to 60 mmol/L KCl and phenylephrine and relaxation responses to acetylcholine, bradykinin (endothelium-dependent cyclic GMP [cGMP]-mediated), isoproterenol, arachidonic acid, prostacyclin (receptor-dependent cyclic AMP [cAMP]-mediated), forskolin (direct stimulator of adenylate cyclase), a forskolin analogue (devoid of adenylate cyclase-dependent activity), and RO 20-1724 (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) were characterized. The paced group did not show alterations in vascular reactivity. Contractile response to phenylephrine and cGMP-mediated relaxation responses were not altered in the CHF group; however, receptor-mediated cAMP-induced relaxation responses were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). Relaxation responses to isoproterenol (10(-6) mol/L), arachidonic acid (10(-5) mol/L), and prostacyclin (10(-5) mol/L) were reduced by 56%, 72%, and 74%, respectively. The relaxation response to RO 20-1724 was not affected by CHF, and this probe did not enhance the impaired relaxation response to isoproterenol. Forskolin-induced relaxation was not altered, and the forskolin analogue produced minimal relaxation compared with forskolin. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in pacing-induced CHF, canine pulmonary arteries show a selective defect in receptor coupling to cAMP-dependent relaxation mechanisms. There is no evidence of enhanced degradation of cAMP.
Trade flows and differences between countries

In answer to the question of whether trade between countries is motivated by differences or by similarities, the results of this paper indicate that it is predominantly differences and not similarities which lead countries to trade with each other. Greater differences in agriculture land per capita, per capita income, the urban proportion of the population, and temperature results in general in greater trade between two countries, everything else the same. The traditional theory of trade based on relative price differences is, therefore, supported. The exception is the measure of differences in the crude birth rates. Apparently, the more similar are the crude birth rates for two countries, the greater will be the amount of trade. This exception could arise from multicollinearity, from crude birth rate differences having effects systematically opposite to other differences, or from Linder's hypothesis that trade is most intensive between similar countries.
Abstract 173: Targeting the MUC1-C oncoprotein blocks activation of FLT-3/ITD and induces death of acute myeloid leukemia cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an intrinsically resistant disease especially in the 30 % of patients whose blasts have a FLT3-ITD mutation (constitutively activated transmembrane tyrosine kinase due to insertion of between 3 and 300 base pairs in the juxta-membrane coding region). The MUC1 oncoprotein is aberrantly expressed in AML cells; however, there has been no evidence for involvement of MUC1 in FLT3-ITD signaling. We show that the FLT3-ITD associates with the MUC1 oncoprotein thereby leading to a new therapeutic target. We have synthesized MUC1-C peptide inhibitors that penetrate cells and bind to the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain blocking its oncogenic function. In the present study, we demonstrate that MUC1-C peptide inhibitor treatment of the FLT3-ITD positive human MOLM-14, MV4-11 AML cell lines, and primary blasts from patients with AML, leads to growth arrest and induction of late apoptosis/necrosis. MUC1-C inhibitor-induced cell death of these cells is associated with significant downregulation of phospho-FLT3-ITD, indicating that inhibition of MUC1-C blocks FLT3-ITD activation. Taken together, these findings provide support for the evaluation of the MUC1-C inhibitor, GO-203-2C (an agent now undergoing Phase I evaluation in solid tumors), in the treatment of patients with AML harboring the FLT3-ITD activating mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 173. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-173
Decadal Variability of Two Oceans and an Atmosphere

A model of the midlatitude, large-scale interaction between the upper ocean and the troposphere is used to illustrate possible mechanisms of connection between the decadal variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Pacific. The two ocean basins are connected to each other only through their coupling to the common, zonally averaged atmosphere. The ocean‐atmosphere coupling takes place via wind-driven torques and heat fluxes at the air‐sea interface. In this formulation, the decadal variability in each ocean basin consists of ocean‐ atmosphere modes and arises from a delayed feedback of the upper-ocean heat content onto the wind-driven flow mediated by the atmosphere through the requirements of global heat and momentum balances. The presence of two ocean basins leads to three basic kinds of coupling-induced behavior: phase locking, oscillation death, and chaos. In the phase-locked regime, the western boundary currents of the two basins oscillate in synchrony, with the narrower basin following the wider basin by a small time lag. In the oscillation death solutions, a steady solution is reached, even though each ocean basin, when uncoupled, would have sustained oscillations. In the chaotic regime, the interbasin coupling induces aperiodic fluctuations in both basins characterized by variability at centennial, as well as decadal, timescales.
An adaptive algorithm for text detection from natural scenes

We present a new adaptive algorithm for automatic detection of text from a natural scene. The initial cues of text regions are first detected from the captured image/video. An adaptive color modeling and searching algorithm is then utilized near the initial text cues, to discriminate text/non-text regions. EM optimization algorithm is used for color modeling, under the constraint of text layout relations for a specific language. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of several previous approaches for text detection, and utilizes a focus-of-attention approach for text finding. The whole algorithm is applied in a prototype system that can automatically detect and recognize sign input from a video camera, and translate the signs into English text or voice streams. We present evaluation results of our algorithm on this system.
Assessment of the role of follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in the control of testicular endocrine function in adult djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) exposed to either short or long photoperiod.

Exposure of adult male Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) to a short photoperiod induces testicular atrophy. To evaluate the role of FSH and prolactin (PRL) in the control of testicular endocrine function, adult Djungarian hamsters were exposed to either a long photoperiod (16L:8D per day) or a short photoperiod (6L:18D per day) for 11 wk. After 11 wk, hamsters housed in each of these photoperiods were placed into three groups and treated s.c. daily for 7 days with 50% polyvinylpyrrolidone in saline (SAL-PVP), rat FSH ( 10 pg/hamster/day) in SAL-PVP, or ovine PRL ( 100 pg/hamster/day) in SAL-PVP. On Day 8, animals in each of these groups received i.p. injections of saline or ovine LH (0.3 zg/g BW); 1 h later, blood was obtained by cardiac puncture under ether anesthesia. Plasma FSH, LH, PRL, androstenedione (A-dione), and testosterone levels were measured by validated RIAs. In hamsters kept in the short photoperiod, testicular weight was decreased (p < 0.001). In these animals, FSH treatment increased (p < 0.001) testicular weight, whereas PRL injections had no effect. Testicular weight in animals kept in the long photoperiod was unaffected by FSH or PRL treatment. After 12 wk of exposure to the short photoperiod, circulating PRL levels were undetectable; plasma levels of FSH (p < 0.001), LH (p < 0.05), A-dione (p < 0.005), and testosterone (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced. Administration of either FSH or PRL had no influence on plasma A-dione levels in hamsters exposed to either photoperiod. A single i.p. injection of LH increased (p < 0.001) plasma A-dione levels in all animals, but this increase was higher (p < 0.001) in long photoperiod-exposed hamsters than in animals kept in the short photoperiod. The basal secretion of testosterone was not affected by treatment with either FSH or PRL Administration of LH increased (p < 0.001) plasma testosterone levels in all animals, and this response was higher (p < 0.001) in hamsters exposed to the long photoperiod. However, the testosterone response to LH treatment was increased (p < 0.01) in short photoperiodexposed hamsters previously treated with FSH but not in those treated with PRL. These results indicate that FSH treatment not only initiates testicular growth, but also increases the efficacy of LH action on testosterone secretion in adult Phodopus kept in a short photoperiod. The data also suggest that ovine PRL treatment appears unable to induce testicular growth or increase testosterone secretion in adult Djungarian hamsters, unlike golden hamsters, exposed to a short photoperiod.
New VLA results on M87

New results obtained with the VLA at 12 and 16cm show a wide variety of interesting radio structure in the inner two kiloparsecs of M87. i) The radio emission from the M87 jet is dominated by complex filaments and loops. The jet also appears limb brightened at several points along the structure. The magnetic field appears to thread these features. The complex structure certainly requires that the jet has a filling factor much less than one. The most consistent interpretation of the image is that most of the emission is coming from a narrow boundary region. * The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.
50th Anniversary Article: The Evolution of Research on Information Systems: A Fiftieth-Year Survey of the Literature in Management Science

The development of the information systems (IS) literature inManagement Science during the past 50 years reflects the inception, growth, and maturation of several different research streams. The five research streams we identify incorporate different definitions of the managerial problems that relate to IS, the alternate theoretical perspectives and different methodological paradigms to study them, and the levels of the organization at which their primary results impact managerial practice. Thedecision support and design science research stream studies the application of computers in decision support, control, and managerial decision making. Thevalue of information research stream reflects relationships established based on economic analysis of information as a commodity in the management of the firm. Thehuman-computer systems design research stream emphasizes the cognitive basis for effective systems design. TheIS organization and strategy research stream focuses the level of analysis on the locus of value of the IS investment instead of on the perceptions of a system or its user. Theeconomics of information systems and technology research stream emphasizes the application of theoretical perspectives and methods from analytical and empirical economics to managerial problems involving IS and information technologies (IT). Based on a discussion of these streams, we evaluate the IS literature's core contributions to theoretical and managerial knowledge, and make some predictions about the road that lies ahead for IS researchers.
Expression of Mononuclear Phagocyte Antigens in Histiocytic Sarcoma of Mice

Twenty cases of histiocytic sarcoma in 15 female and five male (384 to 722 days of age) hybrid F1(C57BL/6 x BALB/c) or F2(F1 x F1) mice were studied for expression of mononuclear phagocyte and other antigens. Histiocytic sarcomas were found most often in liver, uterus, spleen, and lung. Tissues fixed in Bouin's fluid provided preservation of antigen immunoreactivity, using avidin biotin peroxidase complex immunohisto-chemistry, with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The mononuclear phagocyte antigens, lysozyme and Mac-2 (a galactose-specific lectin that binds IgE), were found in 60-70% of the cases. The receptor for the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1), c-fms, was expressed in 2/20 (10%) of the cases. Mouse immunoglobulins were not found in histiocytic sarcoma cells. In uterine histiocytic sarcomas, previously reported as Schwannomas because of their histologic appearance, S-100 protein was not expressed by tumor cells, although they usually expressed Mac-2 and lysozyme. Hyaline droplets w...
Decision Tables in Admission Procedures

A new approach to admissions decision making in schools of social work was developed by using decision tables. Existing admission policies were explicated and specific admissions requirements were developed for five types of applicants. The initial goal of reducing faculty time spent on reviewing applications was achieved and an important by-product is greater consistency in the decisions. Explicitness of the decision elements clarifies policy and facilitates analysis and research. Decision tables are amenable to manual or computer applications.
Balancing search and target response in cooperative UAV teams

In this paper, we consider a heterogeneous team of UAVs drawn from several distinct classes and engaged in a search and destroy mission over a spatially extended battlefield with targets of several types. Some target locations are suspected a priori with a certain probability, while the rest need to be detected gradually through search. The tasks are determined in real-time by the actions of all UAVs and their consequences (e.g., sensor readings), which makes the task dynamics stochastic. The tasks must, therefore, be allocated to UAVs in real-time as they arise. Quick response is more important for known targets, while efficient search is necessary to discover hidden targets. Prediction may help when most targets are known a priori, but could hurt when they are not. In this paper, we study how the benefit of such prediction may depend on the number of targets and UAVs. In particular, we show that there is a trade-off between search and task response in the context of prediction. Based on the results, we propose a hybrid algorithm which balances the search and task response. The performance of proposed algorithms is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.
Sliding Mode Fuzzy Control with Optimal Rule Table

In this paper, first the concept of conventional sliding mode control is discussed briefly. Then a fuzzy control is developed based on the methodology of variable structure system with sliding mode control. To eliminate the chattering problem, we introduced a boundary layer near the sliding surface, through the concept of input-output mapping factor. Furthermore, to optimize the number of rules for the proposed controller, we adopted the suction control methodology from the traditional sliding mode control and allowed its boundary layer width to vary. Finally, the proposed sliding mode fuzzy controller is employed to stabilize an inverted pendulum at its upright position from various initial conditions. The simulation results indicate that SMFC is a robust controller and preserves the most intriguing property of conventional sliding mode control, the invariance property.
Far-infrared continuous-wave laser emission from H2O and from NH3 optically pumped by a CO laser

We report what we believe is the first observation of continuous-wave far-infrared laser emission from water vapor and from ammonia optically pumped by a CO laser.
Performance improvements of air-cooled thermal tool with advanced technologies

Air-cooled based thermal margining tool is simple, less costly and reliable cooling solution compared to liquid-cooled thermal tool. Air-cooled thermal tool is used by many Intel® groups for different purposes such as CPU, chipset or ASIC debug and validation. However, conventional air-cooled thermal margining tool do not provide sufficient cooling due to the increasing challenges in thermal management, such as form factor constraint, high power density and noise level limitation. High performance cooling technologies need to be investigated to meet the increasing demand for thermal performance. This paper introduces four advanced cooling strategies, their implementation and ongoing prototyping efforts to achieve performance improvement for air-cooled thermal tool design. In specific, this paper studies the optimization of heat sink design with different fin materials, different embedded heat pipe sizes and numbers, vapor chamber base, liquid chamber base, and combinations of different cooling technologies. The results show that copper fin with liquid chamber base and four φ8mm heat pipes provide the best thermal performance among all the technologies studied.
Morphometry and Claw Strength of the Non-nativeAsian Shore Crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus

The invasive crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) arrived on the northeast coast of the United States about fifteen years ago, and has attained high popu- lation levels at the expense of other resident crabs. Data collected between 1998-2012 at a low-energy, rocky intertidal site in the western Long Island Sound reveal continued Asian Shore Crab dominance. A body of research has suggested several reasons for the success of the Asian Shore Crab, including predation on resident crabs. We coupled mor- phometric data with measurements of claw closure force to model strength as a function of crab size and sex, enabling interspecific comparisons. The model provides indirect support for conclusions of an earlier study that suggested Asian Shore Crab dominance was achieved through predation on juvenile recruits of resident crabs such as Carcinus maenas (Green Crab). Asian Shore Crab males may have had more impact than females on Green Crabs due to the sexual dimorphism of Asian Shore Crab chelae and consequent strength disparity.
Experimentally based parallel architecture evaluation

A technique for architectural evaluation that has been used with good results and that is applicable to most experimental and commercial machines is proposed. This technique is that of careful experimentation on a bare system, i.e. one without a resident kernel, operating system, or high-level language support. The experimentation involves the implementation of simple algorithms designed to utilize the basic features of the architecture and exploit its unique features. This technique makes possible the analysis of an architecture without the complexities introduced by most operating systems and compilers and can yield insight beneficial in future language, compiler, operating system, application, and system design. Hybrid SIMD/MIMD architectures are considered as an example. >
Tyrosine Sulfation of Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules and Chemokine Receptors Promotes Atherosclerosis

In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , Westmuckett and Moore describe a prominent role of tyrosine sulfation in hematopoietic cells during atherosclerosis development.1 Atherosclerosis represents a major health problem in developed and developing countries and is the most common underlying process precipitating myocardial infarctions, limb ischemia, and stroke. In the United States alone, more than 60 million people have some form of atherosclerotic vascular disease.2 Atherosclerosis is a complex disease associated with lipid accumulation and formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the major arteries of the body, which can rupture or erode to cause acute thrombosis, arterial occlusion, and necrosis of the dependent tissue. See accompanying article on page 1730 In a last two decades, it has become clear that immune processes play an important role in atherosclerosis development, plaque formation, and progression of the disease. Although all major types of immune cells are involved in atherosclerosis (reviewed in3), the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease development and progression are not completely understood. Two commonly used mouse models of atherosclerosis are apolipoprotein E-deficient Apoe −/− or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient Ldlr −/− mice. In both models, LDL cholesterol is elevated, which promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation in locations similar to those in the human disease. Ldlr −/− mice can be reconstituted with bone marrow from donor mice to produce chimeric mice lacking targeted molecules of interest in hematopoietic cells only. Leukocyte recruitment is critical for chronic inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. This process is regulated by adhesion molecules and chemoattractants such as chemokines and their …
Determination of the molecular weight of apoprotein subunits from low density lipoprotein by gel filtration.

Another method has been developed for obtain- ing a soluble apoprotein from the low density lipoprotein (LDL) of human plasma in the density class 1.019 < d < 1.063. The approximate molecular weight of the apoprotein subunit from this lipoprotein density class was determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 to be about 80,000. Both on gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation the soluble apoprotein showed one peak, but on cellulose acetate electrophoresis it showed two bands, which suggests two differently charged components. Because of the nature of the determination, the value of 80,000 probably represents an upper limit to the molecular weight of the LDL subunits.
Field Evaluation of a Modified Intervention for Overhead Drilling

Drilling holes into concrete or metal ceilings is one of the most physically demanding tasks performed in construction. The work is done overhead with rotary impact hammer drills that weigh up to 40 N. The task is associated with pain and musculoskeletal disorders at the wrist, forearm, shoulder, and back. The mechanism of injury is thought to be the high forces and non-neutral shoulder and wrist postures applied during drilling. Previously, we described a field study of a foot lever and inverted drill press intervention devices that received poor usability ratings compared with the usual method for overhead drilling based on problems with mobility and productivity. Using a participatory intervention model, feedback from construction workers (N = 13) was used to develop a new intervention design that incorporated a wheeled tripod base and a unique method of aligning the drilling column to vertical. A different group of construction workers (N = 23) evaluated usability and fatigue of the new device during ...
Analysis and shape inequalities for gas‐solid reactions with changing volume

For gas-solid noncatalytic reactions following the sharp-interface model, some fundamental aspects, not discussed previously in the literature, are presented for particle shapes where diffusion processes are described by a single space dimension. A detailed structure analysis of the solution for monotone nonlinear kinetics reveals interesting differences in the dynamics of the interfacial reaction front, including local maxima and minima in the rate of reaction interface motion, depending on particle shape and expanding or shrinking particle size. Rigorous shape inequalities on the interfacial reactant concentration, the motion of the reaction front and the particle conversion for the sphere and slab, and cylinder and slab geometries are obtained for any nonlinear monotonically increasing reaction kinetics and a wide range of parameter values. By taking advantage of these inequalities, the fraction of original solids of spherical or cylindrical shape, which remains unconverted at the exit of a fluidized-bed reactor, is bounded by the corresponding quantities related to the slab shape. As an example, a first-order reaction of the gaseous reactant is considered, where expressions for the reactor are obtained analytically, without any assumptions about possible controlling regimes. These analytical bounds for reactor conversion closely approximate the numerical solutions for design purposes. This ismore » applicable to a variety of chemical and metallurgical processes including the roasting of zinc sulfide and the combustion of coal.« less
Implementation Matters: A Review of Research on the Influence of Implementation on Program Outcomes and the Factors Affecting Implementation

The first purpose of this review was to assess the impact of implementation on program outcomes, and the second purpose was to identify factors affecting the implementation process. Results from over quantitative 500 studies offered strong empirical support to the conclusion that the level of implementation affects the outcomes obtained in promotion and prevention programs. Findings from 81 additional reports indicate there are at least 23 contextual factors that influence implementation. The implementation process is affected by variables related to communities, providers and innovations, and aspects of the prevention delivery system (i.e., organizational functioning) and the prevention support system (i.e., training and technical assistance). The collection of implementation data is an essential feature of program evaluations, and more information is needed on which and how various factors influence implementation in different community settings.
CEDARS: Combined exploratory data analysis recommender system

We present a framework for recommender systems (RS) to support exploratory data analysis (EDA) in analytical decision making. EDA helps the domain expert, often not a statistical expert, discover interesting relationships between variables and thus be motivated to explain the data. By capturing the behavior of expert analysts in EDA, RS could advise domain experts of “standard” analytical operations and suggest operations novel to the domain but consistent in analytical goals with requested operations. We enhance our framework with rules that encapsulate standard analytical practice and by incorporating user preferences. We present a scalable framework architecture, which we implemented in a prototype system, and discuss two use cases where the prototype was exercised, analyzing data from image analysis and analyzing eye tracking data.
Constitution of Mutual Knowledge in Telecopresence: Updating Schutz’s Phenomenological Theory of the Lifeworld:

In 1932, phenomenological sociologist Alfred Schutz provided a theory of mutual knowledge that explains how individuals come to understand one another in the increasingly differentiated lifeworld. ...
Effects of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motivations on Film Enjoyment Through Moral Disengagement

In light of literature documenting differences in viewers’ entertainment preferences, this study (N = 168) examined how motivations for film consumption based on pleasure (hedonism) and meaning (eudaimonia) are associated with moral disengagement and enjoyment of content featuring a morally ambiguous character. Findings indicate that whereas hedonic motivation positively influenced moral disengagement, eudaimonic motivation had the reverse effect. Furthermore, eudaimonic motivation had a direct positive influence on enjoyment, and the relationship between hedonic motivation and enjoyment was mediated by moral disengagement. Implications for the role of morality as it relates to individual preferences for media consumption and enjoyment are discussed.
Physiology of Plethodontid Salamanders: A Call for Increased Efforts

Studies of plethodontid physiology were quite common in the 1960s, 1970s, and into the early part of the 1980s. Since this time, studies of other aspects of plethodontid biology flourished, while physiological studies lagged behind. Organismal physiology is enjoying a resurgence of interest as researchers attempt to understand threats to biodiversity. In this paper, I outline our current understanding of plethodontid physiology, focusing primarily on energetics, water loss, and endocrine physiology and close by suggesting several avenues for future research. Although we have a good understanding of metabolic physiology in plethodontids, we have considerably fewer data concerning other aspects of plethodontid physiology. I urge researchers to revisit hypotheses and patterns suggested by early studies and expand the breadth of inquiry to multiple levels of ecological organization (individual, population, and species levels). Finally, there is a paucity of data concerning spatial and temporal patterns of phy...
Effect of Sulfapyridine (Dagenan) on Brucella abortus in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro. A virulent, aerobic strain of Brucella abortus was used in this experiment. Tryptose broth and Tryptose agar respectively were used for the in vitro experiment. Sulfapyridine was added to 100 cc of broth in flasks to give each of the following dilutions: 1:1,000; 1:10,000; and 1:100,000. Each dilution was made in triplicate. Three flasks of broth without sulfapyridine were left as controls. Sulfapyridine was added to the broth before autoclaving to obtain complete solution of the drug. All flasks of broth were inoculated with the same amount of dilute bacterial suspension. Petri plate counts made on each flask of broth at the beginning of the experiment averaged between 5,000 and 6,000 organisms per cubic centimeter. The inoculated broth was incubated at 37.5°C and Petri plate counts made in duplicate 10 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after addition of the organisms. The bacterial content of the inoculated broth after the various intervals of incubation was determined on dilutions of 1:100, 1:1...
Maintenance of Animal Specimen

This paper analyzed the cause of the destroy of animal specimens and provide the prevention mean.At the same time,the new methods and materia medica were used in foreign were introduced.
28 INCREASING AWARENESS OF ADVANCE CARE PLANNING IN EUREKA, MONTANA.

Purpose Eureka, Montana has a high percentage of people who are retired and/or over the age of 65. This population consumes the majority of health care services in Eureka. Many of these services are related to chronic and terminal illnesses. Observation indicated that most patients did not understand what end-of-life choices were or how to proceed with advance care planning. A project was designed to examine community models for disseminating advance care planning information and to aid patients with the planning itself. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed to examine community models for advance care planning. A local agency, Faith in Action, was identified to partner with in this venture. A community presentation on advance care planning was developed, and the proposed model was created and given to Faith in Action for implementation. An informational pamphlet was also created for use by the local health care system. Summary It is important to have a community agency that can help each person assess his/her own needs and guide them through the process of developing an advance care plan in the context of their values. The service will enhance community awareness about end-of-life health care and support the crucial need for communication about advance care planning with the individual9s health care provider and loved ones.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Abstract Clinical and morphological features of 90 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder have been reviewed. The lesions were solitary in 90 per cent of the patients, developed without a history of vesical malignant disease in 82 per cent and were invasive at the time of diagnosis in all cases. Ureteral obstruction was demonstrated in 42 per cent of the group. The over-all survival rate at 5 years was only 10.6 per cent. There were 17 patients who received no therapy, all of whom were dead before 2 years. Unassisted supervoltage radiation therapy for patients with stages B2 and C lesions yielded a 5-year survival rate of only 17.7 per cent. However, preoperative radiotherapy followed by simple total cystectomy and urinary diversion in a small number of patients with stages B2 and C lesions resulted in a 5-year survival rate in excess of 34 per cent. We are encouraged by this finding and believe that combination therapy warrants further clinical trial.
RELIGION AND SOME CONTEMPORARY MORAL CONTROVERSIES

In this and the next part of the book, we examine the interaction between religion and a number of specific moral questions that are contested in our culture. One attribute of that culture is the tendency to conflate moral and legal or public policy questions, to move too casually from a judgment that a certain act is wrong to a call to “outlaw” it. One might oppose that call on the ground that the act is not wrong, but even if it is, there will be many other bases on which one might oppose the enactment of a prohibition, regulation, or other legal initiative designed to deter commission of the act. The weight of those considerations is an issue somewhat (although perhaps not entirely) independent of the antecedent moral question. We turn in this part to contexts that will emphasize the contention that a certain act or set of conditions is (or is not) wrongful, for the most part postponing the second issue to Part IV. This choice is designed to emphasize the importance of distinguishing that question from the one of legal response. Between the individual and the governmental sphere of action is — or, for the most part, was — an intermediate zone. Religiously grounded moral claims arose as claims addressed to a faith community — “the church” in Christian parlance, “Israel” in the Hebrew Scriptures and the rabbinic tradition. It remains so, for some, today. It is for that reason that we begin with the question of the legitimacy of serious economic deprivation and inequality.
6LoWPAN-enabled fall detection and health monitoring system with Android smartphone

Falls are a significant problem which predominantly affects the life of the elderly population. The probability of falls increases as health of a person detriment, making them dependent on others and restricting their freedom of movement. Therefore, tremendous amount of resources and time is being spent in the healthcare sector to develop systems which performs fall detection in real-time, as well as investigation of the cause and immediate effects. This type of system must be inexpensive, accurate and low power consuming for daily use. Furthermore, a user-friendly interface should be provided on the device. In this paper, an architecture of fall detection system coupled with the Wireless Intelligent Personal Communication Node (W-iPCN) and Android smartphone is presented. Sensor data necessary for detecting falls are received from accelerometers and gyroscopes through the W-iPCN. To increase power efficiency and configuration flexibility, each sensor node is connected to the W-iPCN using 6LoWPAN. A fall detection algorithm performs real-time processing and analysis of the collected data. Additionally, the W-iPCN is used to bridge the processed data analysis results to the Android smartphone through Bluetooth. Adapting 6LoWPAN capability to our design flow enhances the Internet accessibility of the sensor node, increases compatibility with other packet-switched networks, and offers low power consumption on sensor nodes. Our design has the ability to prioritize sensor data in different medical emergency situations by implementing Quality of Service (QoS) framework.
Lithic Economy, Style and Use: A Comparison of Three Late Magdalenian Sites

AbstractTechnological, typological and tool use data from three Late Magdalenian sites–Verberie in the Paris Basin, Rascano and El Juyo in Cantabria–are compared, with the aim of isolating patterns that reflect stylistic differences from those that relate to site functions. Non-lithic data from Verberie and Rascano imply they were specialized hunting stations while El Juyo was a more generalized base camp. It is argued that most of the ‘stylistic’ differences between the Spanish sites and the French ones are attributable to differences in the availability and size oflithic raw materials in the two regions. Differences in tool use patterns between the hunting stations and the base camp are disguised by a ubiquitous Magdalenian pattern of emphasis on the manufacture and repair of bone I antler items and composite projectile heads. But some differences were discerned: the base camp (El Juyo) shows a greater emphasis on the later stages of hide preparation and the retooling of composite projectile heads.
Metabolome Identification by Systematic Stable Isotope Labeling Experiments and False Discovery Analysis with a Target-Decoy Strategy

We introduce a formula-based strategy and algorithm (JUMPm) for global metabolite identification and false discovery analysis in untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. JUMPm determines the chemical formulas of metabolites from unlabeled and stable-isotope labeled metabolome data, and derives the most likely metabolite identity by searching structure databases. JUMPm also estimates the false discovery rate (FDR) with a target-decoy strategy based on the octet rule of chemistry. With systematic stable isotope labeling of yeast, we identified 2,085 chemical formulas (10% FDR), 892 of which were assigned with metabolite structures. We evaluated JUMPm with a library of synthetic standards, and found that 96% of the formulas were correctly identified. We extended the method to mammalian cells with direct isotope labeling and by heavy yeast spike-in. This strategy and algorithm provide a powerful a practical solution for global identification of metabolites with a critical measure of confidence.
Estimation of green water footprint of animal feed for beef cattle production in Southern Great Plains

Abstract The goal of our study is to safeguard and promote regional beef production while mitigating its environmental footprint. Conducting a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) including green water footprint (GWF) is one of the objectives. This manuscript describes the estimation of GWF of animal feed crops including grasses of native range and introduced pasture, winter pasture and small grains typical to Southern Great Plains. The estimates are based on modeled evapotranspiration from Agricultural Policy Environmental Extender (APEX) model under Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT) framework. NTT simulated crop growth, water balance, animal grazing, and manure management using 47 years of weather data from 1960. Our results aggregated by county indicate grasses in the native range and field crops used as winter pasture show smaller GWF than grasses in the introduced pasture and small grains. Animal stocking rate appears to be directly correlated with water requirement to produce a unit quantity of forage.
Genesis and Evolution of an Undergraduate Mechatronics Course

Abstract A mechatronics course provides an excellent forum for teaching introductory mechanical design concepts. The students can learn all the traditional materials such as planning tools, evaluation matrices, functional decomposition, report writing, etc. Furthermore, the product of their design activities is exciting and rewarding because it is a mechatronic device. However, in addition to the fundamental design curriculum, the students must also learn basic mechatronic concepts such as programming and electronics. Combining all of this material into a single semester course for undergraduates at the sophomore and junior level proves to be challenging. This paper documents the goals and structure of such a course and describes its evolution. Conclusions summarize the important lessons learned by the faculty.
Chimeric Leader Peptides for the Generation of Non-Natural Hybrid RiPP Products.

Combining biosynthetic enzymes from multiple pathways is an attractive approach for producing molecules with desired structural features; however, progress has been hampered by the incompatibility of enzymes from unrelated pathways and intolerance toward alternative substrates. Ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a diverse natural product class that employs a biosynthetic logic that is highly amenable to engineering new compounds. RiPP biosynthetic proteins modify their substrates by binding to a motif typically located in the N-terminal leader region of the precursor peptide. Here, we exploit this feature by designing leader peptides that enable recognition and processing by multiple enzymes from unrelated RiPP pathways. Using this broadly applicable strategy, a thiazoline-forming cyclodehydratase was combined with enzymes from the sactipeptide and lanthipeptide families to create new-to-nature hybrid RiPPs. We also provide insight into design features that enabl...
War, Philanthropy, and the National Institute of Hygiene in France

The Rockefeller Foundation helpedestablish two health research institutes inFrance during the German occupation and Vichyrule. These institutes were the precursors ofthe Institut National de Sante et de laRecherche Medicale (INSERM), the Frenchequivalent of the National Institutes of Healthin the United States. This essay rescues theseinstitutes from oblivion, and examines theirorigins and their significance.
Cupid's Arrow: An Innovative Nanosat to Sample Venus' Upper Atmosphere

In NASA's Discovery 2014 AO, the opportunity to propose a Technology Demonstration Opportunity (TDO) to enhance the primary mission was specified. For the Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy (VERITAS) mission, we elected to include the Cupid's Arrow nanosat TDO to sample and measure the abundances of noble gases and their isotopic ratios in Venus's upper atmosphere below the homopause. This paper will provide a basic overview of the VERITAS mission, with a focus on the Cupid's Arrow concept including a description of the mission, spacecraft design, and JPL's quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) instrument specifications and design. In previous planetary entry probe mission designs, particularly at Venus, engineers w ere focused on entry and descent. A landed probe was also proposed for the New Frontiers SAGE mission. For Cupid's Arrow, the nanosat is designed to skim through the upper atmosphere, just below the homopause, in order to sample the atmosphere, perform the analysis, and then exit the atmosphere to transmit its data to the orbiting VERITAS spacecraft. Cupid's Arrow is a compelling addition to the VERITAS geology mission. A key missing link in our understanding of Venus' evolution is the noble gas abundances and their isotopic ratios. Not since Pioneer Venus have these measurements been made in the Venus atmosphere and never in the upper atmosphere, just below the homopause, to the degree of accuracy that will be accomplished by VERITAS' Cupid's Arrow nanosat.Such measurements were ranked as the number 1 investigation of the number 1 objective of the goal "Atmospheric Formation, Evolution, and Climate History ".
Mental health care treatment seeking among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks: what is the role of religiosity/spirituality?

ABSTRACTObjectives: As adults increase in age, the likelihood for using mental health care services decrease. Underutilization, expecially among racial/ethnic minorities such as African American and Caribbean Blacks, can result in a decrease in quality of life, as well as significant costs to families, employers, and health systems. Methods: The study explored the differences in relationships between mental health care usage and strength of religious/spiritual beliefs between African American and Caribbean Black older adults (54 years or older) and adults (18–53 years) using data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted using Stata version 13.1.Results: Subjective ratings about the strength of religious/spiritual beliefs (OR = 1.26; 95 CI: 0.99, 1.61), age (OR = 0.62; 95 CI: 0.48, 0.81), and sex (OR = 1.59; 95 CI: 1.25, 2.02) were significantly associated with the odds of seeking mental health care. Additionally, persons livin...
Surgical repair of tears of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. Factors influencing the result.

In a retrospective study of seventy-four shoulders in seventy-three patients treated at the Geisinger Medical Center between January 1951 and March 1972, the diagnosis of tear of the rotator cuff was confirmed by surgical repair in sixty-five shoulders and by arthrography in nine. According to a described rating system, the results in the sixty-five surgically treated shoulders at the end of convalescence (from 2.8 to 21.6 months after surgery) were excellent or good in 69 per cent and fair or poor in 31 per cent, while in the forty-six shoulders reevaluated from eighteen months to twenty years after surgery the results were excellent or good in 74 per cent and fair or poor in 26 per cent. Sex, age, occupation, and a traumatic onset had little or no influence on the result. The results were better if preoperative roentgenograms were normal or if the tear was partial; while results tended to be worse if there were calcific deposits in the cuff, if the acromion was not reattached after acromionectomy, and if the repair necessitated suturing the proximal cuff into a trough cut in the humeral head. The result at six to nine months was not likely to change subsequently.
Relationship between student designers’ reflective thinking and their design performance in bioengineering project: exploring reflection patterns between high and low performers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between students’ patterns of reflective thinking and their performance in solving design problems. Reflective thinking is a critical element in the process of solving ill-defined design problems. Many educators are dedicated to finding ways to promote students’ reflection. Yet few empirical studies attempt to explore the relationship between reflective thinking and design performance. 44 students enrolled in a Biomedical Microelectromechanical Systems and Medical Devices course participated in this study. Through a self-assessed questionnaire, students’ reflection patterns were collected in three areas: timing of reflection, objects of reflection, and levels of reflection. Also, students’ performance scores on their team project in biomedical device design were collected. The results revealed a general pattern of student designers’ reflection behaviors and a number of significant different reflection patterns between high-performing and low-performing students as they approached a design problem-solving task. Implications for supporting students’ reflective thinking and enhancing their problem-solving abilities in design tasks were discussed.