cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Privacy and security issues for mobile health platforms

Mobile health mHealth platforms offer a promising solution to some of the more important problems facing the current healthcare system. This paper examines some of the key challenges facing mHealth with a focus on privacy and security issues. In the first part of the paper, the security engineering process is described, which can assist healthcare organizations in developing an architecture-level protection strategy that is compliant with privacy and security legislation and industry initiatives. In the second part of the paper, use cases are selected to illustrate the diverse security architecture contexts in which the protection strategy will be deployed, and to emphasize the importance of integrating security across these contexts. In the third part of the paper, industry and government security best practices are discussed, which can assist healthcare organizations in implementing security architectures to meet their specific privacy and security requirements.
Targeting transcription is no longer a quixotic quest.

Misregulated transcription factors play prominent roles in human disease, but their dynamic protein-protein interaction network has long made the goal of transcription-targeted therapeutics impractical. Recent advances in technologies for modulating protein interaction networks mean that the end of the quest is in sight.
Bifurcation in Eddy Life Cycles: Implications for Storm Track Variability

By analyzing a number of very high resolution, nonhydrostatic experiments of baroclinic lifecycles, it was concluded that the intensity of the near-surface baroclinic development influences the upper-level wave to such an extent that it could produce cyclonic or anticyclonic wave breaking. Since the final jet position is equatorward or poleward, the position depends on whether the waves break cyclonically or anticyclonically, respectively. The low-level baroclinicity plays a very important role in the outcome of the wave and feedback to the mean circulation. Using a shallow water model the hypothesis that the intensity of the eddy forcing from the lower layers of the atmosphere can have a profound effect on the disturbances of the upper layers is tested. From these experiments the following is concluded. For weak intensities, the strong effective beta asymmetries due to the earth’s sphericity produce anticyclonic wave breaking and a poleward shift of the zonal jet will occur. For moderate forcing, anticyclonic wave breaking occurs and consequently, as before, a poleward shift of the zonal jet will occur. However, there is an important distinction between weak and moderate forcing. In the latter case, the eddy anticyclonic centers are very intense. The influence of the two anticyclones produces a difluence field that will strain the cyclonic vortex along the SW‐NE direction. Consequently, the meridional vorticity flux y9z9 is positive in the north and negative in the south. This process has two effects: thinning the cyclone and producing positive vorticity fluxes on the north, negative fluxes on the south and moving the jet poleward. By increasing the forcing, the cyclone centers become considerably more intense than the anticyclones (CVC) and they are able to deform and thin the anticyclones, thus moving the jet equatorward. This transition is very abrupt; above a threshold amplitude, the life cycle bifurcates to a cyclonic wave breaking. The implications for storm track variability are quite direct. In normal years, at the entrance of the storm track, intense baroclinicity produces CVCs with a slight shift of the jet equatorward. At the last half of the storm track, due to much weaker baroclinicity, anticyclonic wave breaking occurs (AVCs) displacing the jet poleward. The eddies at the entrance of the storm track develop from the baroclinicity of the subtropical jet. Downstream fluxing and weaker surface baroclinicity make the upper-level waves more aloft and barotropic by the middle of the storm track. These waves normally break anticyclonically, enhancing the subpolar eddy-driven jet. In the warm phase of ENSO, more baroclinicity (and subtropical moisture flux) is present in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This enhanced baroclinicity could support more CVCs in the eastern basin, maintaining the subtropical jet further east.
Cavity-assisted dynamical quantum phase transition at bifurcation points

Coupling a quantum many-body system to a cavity can create bifurcation points in its phase diagram, where the ground state makes sudden switchings between different phases. Here we study the dynamical quantum phase transition of a transverse field Ising model coupled to a cavity. We show that an infinitesimal quench of the cavity driving at the bifurcation points induces gradual evolution of the Ising model to pass across the quantum critical point and excites quasiparticles. Meanwhile, when the driving is slowly ramped through the bifurcation points, the adiabaticity of the evolution and the number of quasiparticle excitations are strongly affected by cavity-induced nonlinearity. Introducing and manipulating cavity-induced nonlinearity hence provide an effective approach to control the dynamics and the adiabaticity of adiabatic quantum processes. This model can be implemented with superconducting quantum circuits.
Accident tolerant high-pressure helium injection system concept for light water reactors

Abstract While the design of advanced accident-tolerant fuels and structural materials continues to remain the primary focus of much research and development pertaining to the integrity of nuclear systems, there is a need for a more immediate, simple, and practical improvement in the severe accident response of current emergency core cooling systems. Current blowdown and reflood methodologies under accident conditions still allow peak cladding temperatures to approach design limits and detrimentally affect the integrity of core components. A high-pressure helium injection concept is presented to enhance accident tolerance by increasing operator response time while maintaining lower peak cladding temperatures under design basis and beyond design basis scenarios. Multiple injection sites are proposed that can be adapted to current light water reactor designs to minimize the need for new infrastructure, and concept feasibility has been investigated through a combination of proof-of-concept experimentation and computational modeling. Proof-of-concept experiments show promising cooling potential using a high-pressure helium injection concept, while the developed choked-flow model shows core depressurization changes with added helium injection. Though the high-pressure helium injection concept shows promise, future research into the evaluation of system feasibility and economics are needed.Classification: L. Safety and risk analysis
Animals and humans in complex societies

Zooarchaeology, once largely confined to questions of subsistence and production strategies, has recently devoted much more attention to the social roles of animals in the past. Responding (belatedly) to trends in archaeological theory, on the one hand, and the growth of interdisciplinary animal studies, on the other, zooarchaeologists are now using animal remains to address a broader range of questions that are of interest to archaeologists and others (e.g. Gifford-Gonzalez 2007; Oma 2010; Hill 2013). The three books here exemplify this development, all using zooarchaeological data to explore the varied roles of animals in (mainly) complex societies. Each ranges widely and demonstrates the centrality of animals in the human world, and, therefore, their great potential to illuminate the workings of ancient societies. Each also integrates zooarchaeological data with many other sources of information to create a whole much greater than any of the parts. There is a little overlap in authorship, with a chapter by Sykes in Animals and inequality in the ancient world and contributions by Michael MacKinnon in both edited volumes. These common threads aside, they are quite different books, with different goals and audiences.
Tuning the mechanical properties of graphene oxide paper and its associated polymer nanocomposites by controlling cooperative intersheet hydrogen bonding.

The mechanical properties of pristine graphene oxide paper and paper-like films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-graphene oxide nanocomposite are investigated in a joint experimental–theoretical and computational study. In combination, these studies reveal a delicate relationship between the stiffness of these papers and the water content in their lamellar structures. ReaxFF-based molecular dynamics (MD) simulations elucidate the role of water molecules in modifying the mechanical properties of both pristine and nanocomposite graphene oxide papers, as bridge-forming water molecules between adjacent layers in the paper structure enhance stress transfer by means of a cooperative hydrogen-bonding network. For graphene oxide paper at an optimal concentration of ∼5 wt % water, the degree of cooperative hydrogen bonding within the network comprising adjacent nanosheets and water molecules was found to optimally enhance the modulus of the paper without saturating the gallery space. Introducing PVA chains into the gall...
Isotope Effects on the Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Ultrafast Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution.

The hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects on the ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) are investigated with a recently developed nonadiabatic dynamics approach. A...
S1.3 Measurement of adherence: where are we?

There is presently no validated objective method available to measure participants9 sexual behaviour or adherence to study product use in HIV prevention trials. Because of this challenge there has been an indeterminate amount of product non-adherence that has precluded the accurate measurement of the safety and efficacy of novel biomedical interventions. Measurement has historically relied on self-report, which suffers from several biases, including recall and social desirability. To address these, researchers have use alternative interview modes (ACASI) and technologies (cell phones/SMS) with varying success. Pros and cons of other innovative approaches to measure adherence will be discussed, including use of indirect objective measures of adherence (eg, events monitoring systems, mucin tests of gel applicators), real time electronic measures, biomarkers and Directly Monitored Adherence Methods. Each of these approaches has strengths and limitations, thereby precluding any of them from serving as a universal “gold standard”. Discussion will include what can and should be measured “objectively” as well as lessons learnt for future biomedical prevention trials.
Predicting USCS soil classification from soil property variables using Random Forest

Abstract Soil classification systems are widely used for quickly and easily summarizing soil properties and provide a shorthand method of communication between scientists, engineers, and end-users. Two of the most widely used soil classification systems are the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) textural soil classification system and the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Unfortunately, not all soil map units are classified according to the USDA or USCS systems, and previous attempts to provide a crosswalk table have been inconsistent. Random Forest machine learning model was used to create a USCS prediction model using USDA soil property variables. Important variables for predicting USCS code from available soil properties were USDA soil textures, percent organic material, and available water storage. Prediction error rates less than 2% were achieved compared to error rates of approximately 40% using crosswalk methods.
Recurrent severe aortic stenosis one year after transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation: Successful treatment with balloon aortic valvuloplasty

Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) implantation has evolved as one of the primary therapeutic modalities in patients with failed surgical bioprosthesis allowing a reduction in rate of surgical reintervention. We report a case of a 90-year-old woman who had previously undergone aortic valve replacement with 21-mm Carpentier-Edwards valve in 1999 followed by 23mm Sapien VIV in March 2013. She developed severe recurrent aortic stenosis 1-year post-VIV which was successfully treated with balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). BAV can be a favorable treatment option allowing considerable symptomatic relief and improvement in performance of daily activities in extreme age patients who develop restenosis after VIV implantation and are high-risk candidates for both redo-surgical aortic valve replacement and redo-VIV implantation. Learning objective: Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) implantation has become the most utilized surgical alternative in patients with failed bioprosthetic valves. However, known procedural complications include increased risk of coronary obstruction, elevated post-procedural gradients, and risk of valvular restenosis. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty allows significant symptomatic relief and can successfully be performed in patients developing severe symptomatic aortic valve restenosis following VIV implantation.>
Study on AN Removal in Wastewater by Potassium Ferrate Oxidation-flocculation

Potassium ferrate was prepared by hypochlorite oxidation method.And the efficiency and main influential factors of AN removal in wastewater at different conditions by it were studied.The results showed that potassium ferrate can remove AN by the functions of oxidation and flocculation.By disposing the wastewater containing 300 mg/L AN,putting 20 mg/L potassium ferrate,reacting 80 min,the rate of AN residue was below 36 %.The optimal pH and temperature were 6 and 40 ℃ respectively.Furthermore,the combining application of potassium ferrate and H_2O_2 was not efficient for AN removal.
Preventive Evaluation and Epidemiology of Malaria in Pizhou City from 2001 to 2010

Objective To analyze the trends and preventive effect of malaria-epidemic for prevention and control of malaria in the future.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyse the dynamic malaria epidemic and relationship between malaria-epidemic and preventive measures from 2001 to 2010.Results Malaria-epidemic displayed unstable situation from 2010 to 2010 and annual incidence rate was 0.52/100000～2.21/100000.From 2002 the incidence rate rose annually and reached a peak in 2007.Malaria was seasonal disease and accounted for 81.09% from July to October annually.Malaria cases were sporadic and most occupational cases were peasants who accounted for 53.73%.Treatment of malaria cases were 1813 and the treatments of anti-relapse stage were 5569.Blood tests of patient with fever were 191480 person-times.Conclusion Comprehensive measures of management of malaria-epidemic and vector controls and Global Fund malaria project carried out.Malaria incidence decreased year by year through suppressing malaria-epidemic.
Non-ideal viscosity and excess molar volume of mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]) with water

Abstract Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with water over the salt-rich region concentrations are reported for a temperature range of (283.15 to 373.15) K and compared with literature. The temperature dependence of the mixture densities and dynamic viscosities are accurately described by an empirical, linear relationship and by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation, respectively. We identify a correlation between the excess mixture viscosity and the excess molar volume in the ionic liquid rich regime that is motivated by free volume theory. The broader validity of this correlation is tested against literature data for aqueous mixtures of similar ionic liquids.
On a near optimal sampling strategy for least squares polynomial regression

Abstract We present a sampling strategy of least squares polynomial regression. The strategy combines two recently developed methods for least squares method: Christoffel least squares algorithm and quasi-optimal sampling. More specifically, our new strategy first choose samples from the pluripotential equilibrium measure and then re-order the samples by the quasi-optimal algorithm. A weighted least squares problem is solved on a (much) smaller sample set to obtain the regression result. It is then demonstrated that the new strategy results in a polynomial least squares method with high accuracy and robust stability at almost minimal number of samples.
An Elective Course to Train Student Pharmacists to Deliver a Community-based Group Diabetes Prevention Program.

Objective. To develop and assess the impact of an elective course aimed at improving student knowledge of and confidence in delivering a group diabetes prevention program.Design. Two colleges of pharmacy collaborated to develop a 2-credit elective course using didactic and active-learning strategies to prepare students to serve as lifestyle coaches offering a proven group diabetes prevention program.Assessment. Students’ confidence in their ability to deliver a group diabetes prevention program increased as a result of the class. However, their knowledge of diabetes prevention facts was unchanged from baseline.Conclusion. A diabetes prevention elective course improved students’ confidence in their ability to teach a diabetes prevention program.
Heterogeneous Metal-Free Hydrogenation over Defect-Laden Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Catalytic hydrogenation is an important process used for the production of everything from foods to fuels. Current heterogeneous implementations of this process utilize metals as the active species. Until recently, catalytic heterogeneous hydrogenation over a metal-free solid was unknown; implementation of such a system would eliminate the health, environmental, and economic concerns associated with metal-based catalysts. Here, we report good hydrogenation rates and yields for a metal-free heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst as well as its unique hydrogenation mechanism. Catalytic hydrogenation of olefins was achieved over defect-laden h-BN (dh-BN) in a reactor designed to maximize the defects in h-BN sheets. Good yields (>90%) and turnover frequencies (6 × 10–5–4 × 10–3) were obtained for the hydrogenation of propene, cyclohexene, 1,1-diphenylethene, (E)- and (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene, octadecene, and benzylideneacetophenone. Temperature-programmed desorption of ethene over processed h-BN indicates the for...
Abstract 91: Nurses Activate Inpatient Stroke Alerts Faster than Physicians and are Equally Competent at Identifying Stroke Patients versus Stroke Mimics

Introduction: In-hospital “stroke alerts” are typically activated when a patient’s neurological status acutely deteriorates. Acute inpatient strokes represent an excellent potential opportunity for definitive treatment, but over triaging causing false alarms was a challenge at our institution, especially in the cardiology/CT surgery units, where many stroke mimic patients were being seen. Our stroke nurse, stroke coordinator, and stroke team physicians designed and implemented a formal collaborative educational initiative to improve quality and timeliness of stroke pager calls. Hypothesis: Non- neurological nurses educated to recognize stroke signs and symptoms who activate the stroke team will identify at least as great a proportion of true stroke patients as physicians. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected inpatient stroke team calls on 93 inpatients over one year’s time. The person (physician versus nurse) calling the stroke alert was identified via shared electronic medical record review. We compared the proportion of patients (via chi-square analysis) who after formal chart review had a true diagnosis of stroke (versus mimic). Neurological floor and neuro-ICU patients were excluded. Results: Nurses initiated 59/93 stroke team calls (63%) during the study period. Overall, 59% (37/59) of nurse- activated calls were for patients whom ultimately were determined to have had a true stroke as compared to 63% of physician-activated calls (20/34); p=0.71; 60% of stroke alerts came from the cardiology/CT surgery nursing units, and the accuracy of nurses on these units was 67% as compared to 53% for other non- neurological nursing units. (p=.323). Nurses activated the stroke team faster (median 2 hours [25 th , 75 th %ile 0.5hr, 6 hrs]) than physicians (median 4.9hrs [25 th , 75 th %ile 1.3, 21.3 hrs]), p=.0096 {Wilcoxon Rank Sum}. Conclusions: Non- neurological nurses educated on stroke recognition and stroke team activation are as accurate at identifying inpatient acute stroke patients as physicians, and do so more than twice as fast on average as physicians. Intensive, focused, collaborative education of nursing staff in high-risk for inpatient stroke units, who typically more frequently assess patients than physicians, may via rapid and accurate identification improve inpatient stroke outcomes.
Latin American Studies: Gender

Scholarship on women and gender in Latin America has long been informed by attention to social structures, world systems, and the hierarchy of economic class privilege within countries. This article examines the strong and legitimate grounding of gender studies in Latin American area studies, focusing on global political structures and everyday lives. Latin Americanists have strategically moved their scholarship into the areas of women and gender and of international development, but they have yet to confront fully either borders or the northward movement of the Latin American regional border into the USA.
Geometric characterization of additively manufactured polymer derived ceramics

Abstract The high hardness, melting temperature and environmental resistance of most ceramic materials makes them well-suited for propulsion, tribilogical and protective applications. However, these same attributes pose difficulties for manufacturing and machining of ceramics and ultimately limit the achievable design space of these materials. Recently, a new class of preceramic photopolymers has been developed that enables additive manufacturing of ceramics using commercially available stereolithography systems. By consolidating preceramic monomers via layer-wise exposure to ultraviolet light and subsequently pyrolyzing under an inert atmosphere to form a ceramic, this method allows for complex geometry parts that cannot be produced with traditional sintering, pressing or vapor infiltration processes. In order to retain geometric fidelity and generate flaw-free microstructures, volumetric and gravimetric changes during the polymer-to-ceramic conversion must be quantified. To this end, we present x-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) measurements of the dimensional stability and uniformity of additively manufactured silicon-based ceramics as a function of geometry and processing conditions.
Cultural Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics

This paper discusses selected topics of elementary mathematics that have been problematic in the US mathematics curriculum. It notes some ways that the CCSSM promises to improve on previous practice and offers suggestions for other possibilities for improvement. The main topics mentioned are place value, the concept of number, the notion of unit, linear measurement and the number line, and symmetry in geometry.
A Mixed-Methods Comparison of Classroom Context During Food, Health & Choices, a Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention.

BACKGROUND Schools are frequent settings for childhood obesity prevention; however, intervention results are mixed. Classroom context may hold important clues to improving these interventions. METHODS We used mixed methods to examine classroom context during a curriculum intervention taught by trained instructors in fifth grade classrooms. We identified classrooms with high and low buy-in using cluster analysis and compared intervention delivery and reception, student energy balance-related behavior, and student perceptions about supports and barriers to energy balance. RESULTS Delivery and reception did not differ between the groups. Between-group differences in unhealthy behaviors were smaller at posttest, due to improvement in low buy-in classes. Although student perceptions of supports and barriers to energy balance were similar across groups, students in high buy-in classes indicated food preferences as a support while students in low buy-in classes indicated food preferences as a barrier. Neighborhood environment emerged as a universal barrier. CONCLUSIONS Trained instructors may improve intervention delivery and reception regardless of classroom context. Social norms could explain high levels of unhealthy behavior in low buy-in classes at baseline; improvement at posttest suggests that the curriculum may have motivated change. All children need more strategies and supportive policies to overcome a challenging food environment.
Contact formations and design constraints: a new basis for the automatic generation of robot programs

In order to achieve an ultimate goal of automatically generating assembly programs for robots from design information, it is necessary that one be able to devise part-mating strategies that will work in spite of sensor, control and manufacturing errors. In general, this is almost certainly unachievable. However, if appropriate design and motion constraints relating nominal and error parameters (of the system) are enforced, significant progress can be made. As the first step in our approach, we introduce a concept of contact formations to describe contacts among parts in a system, aiming at reducing the dimensionality of assembly verification. We also describe a technique for identifying contact formations in spite of system errors. Next, we develop a replanning strategy together with design and motion constraints sufficient to guarantee the success of the strategy for certain insertion tasks. The constraints are reasonable in the sense that they do not impose unrealistic conditions on typical designs. Simulation results uphold the theoretical derivations and show empirically that the theoretical constraints can be relaxed somewhat with excellent results still obtained.
Unpaid Caregiving Roles and Sleep Among Women Working in Nursing Homes: A Longitudinal Study

Background and objectives Although sleep is a critical health outcome providing insight into overall health, well-being, and role functioning, little is known about the sleep consequences of simultaneously occupying paid and unpaid caregiving roles. This study investigated the frequency with which women employed in U.S.-based nursing homes entered and exited unpaid caregiving roles for children (double-duty-child caregivers), adults (double-duty-elder caregivers), or both (triple-duty caregivers), as well as examined how combinations of and changes in these caregiving roles related to cross-sectional and longitudinal sleep patterns. Research design and methods The sample comprised 1,135 women long-term care employees who participated in the baseline wave of the Work, Family, and Health Study and were assessed at three follow-up time points (6-, 12-, and 18-months). Sleep was assessed with items primarily adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and wrist actigraphic recordings. Multilevel models with data nested within persons were applied. Results Women long-term care employees entered and exited the unpaid elder caregiving role most frequently. At baseline, double-duty-child and triple-duty caregivers reported shorter sleep quantity and poorer sleep quality than their counterparts without unpaid caregiving roles, or workplace-only caregivers. Double-duty-elder caregivers also reported shorter sleep duration compared to workplace-only caregivers. Over time, double-duty-elder caregiving role entry was associated with negative changes in subjective sleep quantity and quality. Discussion and implications Simultaneously occupying paid and unpaid caregiving roles has negative implications for subjective sleep characteristics. These results call for further research to advance understanding of double-and-triple-duty caregivers' sleep health and facilitate targeted intervention development.
The Dai and Activities in the United States

The Deutsches Ausland-Institut was fully aware from the beginning of its relationship with the United States, officially and unofficially, after Adolf Hitler came to power, that the usual Nazi propaganda would not work. This didn’t invalidate their ultimate aims of spreading Nazi racism and creating a Nazi-dominated minority in the United States. It simply meant that different tactics would have to be utilized.
State Repression and Religious Disorder

How do the strategic choices of counterinsurgent forces shape the religious dimensions of armed conflict? In this paper, I consider the connection between coercive force by the state and the saliency of religion in insurgency wars. First, I suggest that harsh state suppression is likely in religious conflicts, even when religion remains a marginal issue, because civilian and military strategists perceive religion to be a particularly hostile force. Second, I draw on Toft’s religious outbidding model to illustrate how this treatment effect can trigger a process by which insurgent leaders increasingly appeal to religious ties to increase their chance of survival. Third, I suggest that intra- and inter-group competition over an influx of resources made available from the outbidding process results in two unanticipated consequences: the proliferation of splinter groups with progressively more radical views and the encouragement of spoiler behavior. I illustrate the plausibility of these claims through a case study of the insurgency in the southern Philippines, with particular attention to the initial phase (1968-1996) of the conflict. Understanding how religion becomes and remains a central issue in armed conflict offers insight into preventing such escalation and its negative consequences, along with suggestions for effective management and de-escalation strategies.
Simulating Economic Agents in Swarm

Markets for goods and services in modern economies are probably among the most complex dynamic systems which science has tried to analyze and model. It is well known that modern economics inherited a large share of its mathematical formalism and thus modeling apparatus from theoretical physics. This marriage is not always a happy one. Economic and social systems consist of agents which think and react. The elementary particles of matter do not observe, learn and influence each others decisions. Much is therefore lost in the translation from economic behavior to the mathematical language of modern economic theory.
Next-Generation Sequencing for Gene Panels and Clinical Exomes

Abstract Next-generation sequencing has become deeply integrated into genetic research and clinical practice for the diagnosis of genetic disorders. Its ability to rapidly sequence large amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at high resolution enables the simultaneous analysis of many genes, which is especially useful for atypical or incompletely defined phenotypes or when there is genetic heterogeneity. Genome sequencing analyzes all the sequencable DNA whereas exome sequencing focuses only on the coding regions of genes. In gene panels, specific groups of genes associated with distinct pathologies are targeted. Applications in reproductive medicine include the discovery of causative genes for reproductive disorders and prenatally diagnosed structural fetal anomalies. Gene panels and exome sequencing are already being integrated into preconception, preimplantation, and prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis. This chapter reviews the current experience, benefits, and challenges associated with sequence variant interpretation; its clinical utility; genetic counseling considerations; and ethical and societal issues of fetal genome-wide sequencing.
The Human Reaction System: A Recipient-Centric Organizational Change Model

Most organizational change conceptual schemes are rational, leader-centered configurations that emphasize stewardship and top-down controllability. Models based on this approach include: Kanter’s (...
Multivariable Analysis of the Association between Antenatal Depressive Symptomatology and Postpartum Visit Attendance.

OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate whether antenatal depression was associated with postpartum visit nonattendance. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included women who received prenatal care at the academic outpatient offices of a single tertiary care center between March 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014. Women were screened for antenatal depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Attendance at the postpartum visit was compared between women with and without antenatal depressive symptomatology using bivariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Of the 2,870 women who met the inclusion criteria, 566 (19.7%) did not attend the postpartum visit. Women who did not attend a postpartum visit were younger and more likely to be a racial/ethnic minority, publicly insured, or multiparous; they were more likely to have a higher body mass index, as well as a vaginal delivery. Compared with those without antenatal depressive symptomatology, women with antenatal depressive symptomatology were significantly less likely to attend their postpartum visit (18.6 vs. 29.2%, p < 0.001). This association persisted even after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 0.69, 95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.99). CONCLUSION Antenatal depressive symptomatology is significantly associated with nonattendance at the postpartum visit.
The importance of newly-opened tidal inlets as spawning corridors for adult Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

Abstract The ability to emigrate from estuarine nursery areas to spawning grounds is essential for the persistence of estuarine dependent species such as Red Drum, (Sciaenops ocellatus). Typically in this region, tidal inlets are the only mechanism for this transfer. Cedar Bayou, a natural tidal inlet, was deliberately closed in 1979 but was recently dredged and reopened. The inlet allows for direct water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and Mesquite Bay, Texas, USA, and represents a unique opportunity to study estuarine dependent species’ migration processes. Adult Red Drum were implanted with acoustic transmitters that allowed us to track their movement patterns before and after the reopening of Cedar Bayou. The goals of this study were to: 1) determine if Red Drum choose migration routes opportunistically in Texas waters; and 2) elucidate general movement patterns and residency estimates for Red Drum in Texas bays. Red Drum showed relatively little movement during the pre-opening period and summer, even after the inlet was restored. Once open, fish actively traversed through Cedar Bayou during the months commonly associated with spawning migrations and coincident with a drop in water temperature. These results demonstrate that Red Drum choose migration corridors opportunistically, thus opening tidal inlets such as Cedar Bayou can provide maturing Red Drum with greater connectivity between estuaries and spawning grounds in the open Gulf of Mexico.
Mate-by-Numbers: Budget, Mating Context, and Sex Predict Preferences for Facial and Bodily Traits

Unlike women, or men considering long-term mates, men pursuing short-term mating have shown a tendency to prioritize bodily information over facial information when assessing potential mates. Prior studies have documented this tendency across a variety of methods ranging from photograph ratings to forcing a choice between faces and bodies, but have yet to ask participants to prioritize individual traits in faces and bodies. The current study used a budget allocation method to do just that. We randomly assigned participants (N = 258) to a mating context (short-term or long-term) and a budget (high or low) and asked them to allocate points across 10 traits (five facial, five bodily) to design their ideal mate within their budget. As expected, men in the short-term mating context allocated more points to bodily traits, but only when in the low budget condition—in the high budget condition, men showed more interest in facial traits. Women, also as expected, and in contrast to men, showed a general trend toward favoring facial traits regardless of budget and condition. Overall, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that women’s bodies provide better information regarding immediate fertility and are thus more important for men to assess in short-term mating contexts.
Outcomes of Reconstructive Surgery in Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury with Concomitant Vascular Injury.

Abstract Objectives To investigate functional outcome from reconstructive surgery in adult traumatic brachial plexus injury (AT-BPI) with associated vascular lesions. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 325 patients with AT-BPI who underwent reconstructive surgery between 2001 and 2012. Patients with (vascular) and without (control) vascular injuries were identified by review of medical documentation. Patient presentation, characteristics of nerve and associated lesions, and surgical management were evaluated to identify prognostic variables. Postoperative muscle strength, range of motion, and patient-reported disability scores were analyzed to determine long-term outcome. Results Sixty-eight patients had a concomitant vascular injury. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the control and vascular groups. Vascular patients were more likely to have pan-plexus lesions (p Conclusions Concomitant vascular injury leads to worse functional outcome following reconstructive surgery of traumatic brachial plexus injury.
Are women more likely to wear red and pink at peak fertility? What about on cold days? Conceptual, close, and extended replications with novel clothing colour measures

Evolutionarily minded researchers have hypothesized that women advertise their ovulatory status by wearing red or pink clothing on relatively cold days. Many of these studies have been based on samples of women who have self-reported their clothing choices, a practice that raises questions about accuracy. In two studies, we evaluated the relationship between women's fertility and their clothing choices using four methods for measuring clothing colour: self-reports; trained raters' judgements of garment coloration in outfits that women drew onto mannequins to represent what they would wear to a party with single attractive people in attendance; automated colour coding of the mannequins; and trained raters' judgements of garment coloration as evinced in photographs that women took of themselves. Using these four measures of clothing choice along with measures of women's fertility and outside temperature, we did not find compelling evidence that women are particularly inclined to wear red or pink during peak fertility, even on relatively cold days.
Reimagining higher education during and post-COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required faculty and students to adapt to an unprecedented challenge and rapidly transition from traditional face-to-face instruction to distance learning fo...
Active Sampling for Accelerated MRI with Low-Rank Tensors.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality that revolutionizes medicine and biology. The imaging speed of high-dimensional MRI is often limited, which constrains its practical utility. Recently, low-rank tensor models have been exploited to enable fast MR imaging with sparse sampling. Most existing methods use some pre-defined sampling design, and active sensing has not been explored for low-rank tensor imaging. In this paper, we introduce an active low-rank tensor model for fast MR imaging. We propose an active sampling method based on a Query-by-Committee model, making use of the benefits of low-rank tensor structure. Numerical experiments on a 3-D MRI data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evidence for S2 flexibility by direct visualization of quantum dot–labeled myosin heads and rods within smooth muscle myosin filaments moving on actin in vitro

Myosins in muscle assemble into filaments by interactions between the C-terminal light meromyosin (LMM) subdomains of the coiled-coil rod domain. The two head domains are connected to LMM by the subfragment-2 (S2) subdomain of the rod. Our mixed kinetic model predicts that the flexibility and length of S2 that can be pulled away from the filament affects the maximum distance working heads can move a filament unimpeded by actin-attached heads. It also suggests that it should be possible to observe a head remain stationary relative to the filament backbone while bound to actin (dwell), followed immediately by a measurable jump upon detachment to regain the backbone trajectory. We tested these predictions by observing filaments moving along actin at varying ATP using TIRF microscopy. We simultaneously tracked two different color quantum dots (QDs), one attached to a regulatory light chain on the lever arm and the other attached to an LMM in the filament backbone. We identified events (dwells followed by jumps) by comparing the trajectories of the QDs. The average dwell times were consistent with known kinetics of the actomyosin system, and the distribution of the waiting time between observed events was consistent with a Poisson process and the expected ATPase rate. Geometric constraints suggest a maximum of ∼26 nm of S2 can be unzipped from the filament, presumably involving disruption in the coiled-coil S2, a result consistent with observations by others of S2 protruding from the filament in muscle. We propose that sufficient force is available from the working heads in the filament to overcome the stiffness imposed by filament-S2 interactions.
Chlamydiae interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum: contact, function and consequences.

Summary Chlamydiae and chlamydiae-related organisms are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens. They reside in a membrane-bound compartment termed the inclusion and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to interact with cellular organelles. This review focuses on the nature, the function(s) and the consequences of chlamydiae–inclusion interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The inclusion membrane establishes very close contact with the ER at specific sites termed ER–inclusion membrane contact sites (MCSs). These MCSs are constituted of a specific set of factors, including the C. trachomatis effector protein IncD and the host cell proteins CERT and VAPA/B. Because CERT and VAPA/B have a demonstrated role in the non-vesicular trafficking of lipids between the ER and the Golgi, it was proposed that Chlamydia establish MCSs with the ER to acquire host lipids. However, the recruitment of additional factors to ER–inclusion MCSs, such as the ER calcium sensor STIM1, may suggest additional functions unrelated to lipid acquisition. Finally, chlamydiae interaction with the ER appears to induce the ER stress response, but this response is quickly dampened by chlamydiae to promote host cell survival.
Pediatric heart transplantation

Pediatric heart transplantation (pHTx) represents a small (14%) but very important and particular part in the field of cardiac transplantation. This treatment has lifelong impact on children. To achieve the best short and especially long-term survival with adequate quality of life, which is of crucial importance for this young patient population, one has to realize and understand the differences with adult HTx. Indication for transplantation, waitlist management including ABO incompatible (ABOi) transplantation and immunosuppression differ. Although young transplant recipients are ultimately likely to be considered for re-transplantation. One has to distinguish between myopathy and complex congenital heart disease (CHD). The differences in anatomy and physiology make the surgical procedure much more complex and create unique challenges. These recipients need a well-organized and educated team with pediatric cardiologists and intensivists, including a high skilled surgeon, which is dedicated to pHTx. Therefore, these types of transplants are best concentrated in specialized centers to achieve promising outcome.
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Lesions Alter Intake of an Imbalanced Amino Acid Diet in Rats

Within 3 h of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid diet (IAAD), rats show attenuated intake. The associated conditioned taste aversion can be ameliorated by giving the serotonin 3 receptor blocker, tropisetron (TROP). A recent c-fos study indicated that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) may be activated 2-3 h after ingestion of IAAD. In Experiment 1, DMN-lesioned rats (DMNL) or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were injected with saline (SAL) or TROP just before introduction of IAAD. By 3 h, SAL-DMNL rats consumed more (P < 0.01) of the IAAD than did the SAL-SHAM rats. Thereafter, over the next 21 h, the intake of the SAL-DMNL group returned to control levels. TROP treatment enhanced the intake of the treated groups; the TROP and the lesion effect were additive (P < 0.01). By d 4 of receiving the IAAD, the DMNL groups were eating less than SHAM rats (P < 0.05). The data suggest that the DMN may be involved in the early detection of the amino acid deficiency induced by IAAD, is not involved in the TROP effect and is necessary for proper long-term adaptation to an IAAD.
Integrated Ride and Roll Control Using a Rotary Magneto-Rheological Damper

In this paper we discuss the development of estimation and control algorithms for the in-vehicle implementation of the Rotary Magneto -Rheological damper. Specifically, we address the estimation of sprung mass heave rate based on suspension position sensor measurements, the design of roll angle control based on lateral load transfer distribution concept, and the integration of these two with the wheel hop detection and control algorithms. The resulting integrated ride and roll controller is evaluated based on both vehicle dynamic response and ride quality objective criteria.Copyright © 2010 by General Motors Corporation
Experiments and characterization of two photon polymerization using 1 kHz femtosecond laser system

Two Photon Polymerization (2PP) is a powerful technique for the fabrication of 2-D and 3-D microstructures by focusing ultrashort laser pulses inside a polymer resin mixture consisting of concentration of monomer and photo initiator. By scanning the focused laser beam in the bulk resin, a complex three dimensional pattern could be fabricated with micrometer resolution. This work presents the current state of our research towards fabricating microstructures using 2PP with a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser working at 800 nm wavelength and a pulse width of about 150 fs. The maximum pulse repetition rate of the laser system is 1 kHz, which is much smaller than the MHz systems normally used for the 2PP process. A mathematical model representing the polymerization process is presented. The governing partial differential equations for the process are solved numerically and the results are discussed. Characterization experiments are performed on commercially available acrylate monomer and photoinitiator to evaluate polymerization and damage threshold. In addition, the effects of self-focusing and self-trapping on the fabrication of microfeatures are presented.
The enumeration of reaction pathways using Burnside's lemma

Formulas are given for the number and statistical weights of reaction pathways from one molecular conformation to another via a given transition state. Arbitrary mechanistic assumptions can be incorporated into this enumeration. These formulas arise as straightforward generalizations of an expression for the number of double cosets in any group, which can be proven in one line using Burnside's lemma.