cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Daily Circadian Rhythm in Rats to D -Amphetamine Sulphate: Effect of Blinding and Continuous Illumination on the Rhythm

SEVERAL daily drug-susceptibility rhythms have been reported in rodents1–12. This report demonstrates the daily pattern in susceptibility to D-amphetamine sulphate as measured by percentage of mortality for normal rats housed in a light-dark (LD) environment, for rats maintained in continuous illumination (LL) and for blinded rats kept in continuous darkness (DD).
Design of Feedback Systems With Plant Input Rate Saturation via QFT Approach

In this paper, a synthesis approach for input rate saturation compensation of feedback systems is presented. Uncertain, stable plants of type greater than or equal to 1 are considered. Based on Horowitz’s original design for input amplitude saturation (Horowitz, I., 1983) and extensions developed in (Wu, W., and Jayasuriya, S., 1999; Wu, W., and Jayasuriya, S., 2001; Wu, W., 2000) an independent loop around the rate saturating element is introduced for saturation compensation by means of the third DOF (degree of freedom) saturation compensator, H(s). First, the structure of the additional loop transmission is constructed to generate the desired response behavior on a systems recovery from saturation. Second, robust stability and robust performance under the addition of H(s) are investigated. The circle criterion, describing function, and nonovershooting conditions are utilized to generate design constraints. In the end, all design constraints involving saturation compensation are expressed as frequency domain bounds, and the synthesis of saturation compensator H(s) follows from loop shaping methods such as QFT. The proposed approach guarantees input/output stability under saturation for the plant class considered.
Physiologic actions and molecular expression of the renin-angiotensin system in the diabetic rat

Clinical, experimental, biochemical, and molecular biologic studies all invoke an important role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Studies of pharmacologic interruption of the RAS with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition have implicated this hormonal system in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, both experimentally and clinically. Preliminary evidence also suggests a beneficial effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists. The relative roles of the systemic vs. intrarenal RAS in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy have recently been evaluated. Though plasma renin is generally low, it is not yet clear whether RAS component processing is normal in diabetes; there may be subtle changes in Ang II metabolism which sustain relatively higher plasma Ang II levels. Furthermore, the intrarenal RAS may not be suppressed. Renal renin levels tend to be disproportionately elevated, as compared to plasma renin values. Renal Ang II levels are normal, and renal mRNAs for RAS components have been variable, though not suppressed. In general, lack of RAS suppression (despite plasma volume and increased exchangeable sodium) may indicate inappropriate activity of the RAS in diabetes. Indeed, disproportionate activity of the intrarenal RAS may be a proximate cause of the observed suppression of the systemic RAS. RAS-mediated injury may occur via stimulation of a number of sclerosing mediators, and there is evidence that hyperglycemia acts synergistically with Ang II to promote cellular injury. Together, these recent investigations lend further support to the notion that the RAS plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy, and are beginning to shed light on the mechanisms of progressive renal injury.
Microbiology and management of intra-abdominal infections in children

The present review describes the microbiology, diagnosis, and management of intra-abdominal infections in children. Infection generally occurs due to the entry of enteric micro-organisms into the peritoneal cavity through a defect in the wall of the intestine or other viscus as a result of obstruction, infarction, or direct trauma. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora can be recovered from the peritoneal cavity of these patients. The predominant aerobic isolates are Escherichia coli, and enterococci; the main anaerobic bacteria are Bacteroides fragilis group, Peptostreptococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. The treatment of abdominal infection includes surgical correction and drainage, and administration of antimicrobials that are effective against both aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms.
Phoma heteroderae sp. nov. isolated from eggs of Heterodera glycines.

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FEN1 contributes to telomere stability in ALT-positive tumor cells

Abrogation of telomere stability through loss-of-function mutations in telomere binding proteins contributes to genomic instability and cancer progression. Recently, Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) was shown to contribute to telomere stability in human cells that had not yet activated a telomere maintenance mechanism, suggesting that abrogation of FEN1 function influences the transformation process by compromising telomere stability and driving genomic instability. Here, we analyse the telomeres in human cancer cells following FEN1 depletion. We show that FEN1 is required for telomere stability in cells that rely on the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) mechanism. Indeed, FEN1 depletion resulted in telomere dysfunction, characterized by formation of telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs) and end-to-end fusions in ALT-positive cells. In contrast, no telomere phenotype was observed in telomerase-positive cells on FEN1 depletion, suggesting that ongoing telomerase activity protected telomeres. In consonance with this, we found that expression of the catalytic component of telomerase (hTERT) but not an inactive allele rescued telomere dysfunction on FEN1 depletion in ALT cells. Our data suggest that mutations that arise in FEN1 affect telomere stability and genome fidelity by promoting telomere fusions and anaphase-bridge-breakage cycles, which further drive genome instability and thereby contribute to the transformation process.
Spaceborne Radar Subsurface Imaging in Hyperarid Regions

Imaging data acquired with the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) over the hyperarid region of Egypt/Sudan clearly show surface penetration through the sand cover. Even though absorption does occur in the sand layer, surface refraction leads to a steeper incidence angle at the sand/bedrock interface resulting in a stronger backscatter. A simple backscatter model shows that for a low-loss thin sand layer the presence of the covering layer enhances the capability to image the subsurface interface, particularly at large incidence angles and HH polarization.
Surgical treatment of achondroplasia with thoracolumbar kyphosis and spinal stenosis--a case report.

A 13-year-old boy suffered from low back weak-ness and bilateral lower extremity numbness for many years. In June 2003, intermittent claudica-tion appeared, the boy could only walk for 5 min, and he was seen at our clinic. Physical examina-tion revealed a short stature of only 126 cm, promi-nent frontal bossing, nose-bridge depression, short limbs with long trunk, and thoracolumbar kypho-sis (Figure 1). No neurological deﬁcit was noted. Radiographs revealed scoliosis and reduced inter-pediclar distance of the lumbar spine (Figure 2). An anterior wedged deformity of the L1 body with prominent thoracolumbar kyphosis was observed with a T12-L2 kyphosis angle of 55° (Figure 3). MRI of the thoracolumbar spine identiﬁed a spinal canal stenosis (diameter 10 mm) below the T11 level (Figure 4). One stage anterior L1 corpectomy with interbody fusion was performed, followed by posterior decompression with pedicle screw
Method of constrained global optimization.

We present a new method for optimization: constrained global optimization (CGO). CGO iteratively uses a Glauber spin flip probability and the Metropolis algorithm. The spin flip probability allows changing only the values of variables contributing excessively to the function to be minimized. We illustrate CGO with two problems---Thomson's problem of finding the minimum-energy configuration of unit charges on a spherical surface, and a problem of assigning offices---for which CGO finds better minima than other methods. We think CGO will apply to a wide class of optimization problems.
Hallux Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint Arthroscopy for Hallux Rigidus

Arthroscopy of the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is an evolving technique for hallux rigidus and other disorders of the hallux MTP joint. Purported advantages of this minimally invasive pr...
Reflex bleeding in the lampyrid Photinus pyralis: Defensive function

Abstract Adults of the firefly Photinus pyralis exhibit reflex bleeding when tactually stimulated. Bleeding occurs along the elytral and pronotal margins and around the antennal sockets. The blood, which is discharged from a series of pits with weak underlying cuticle, coagulates very rapidly. The viscid blood is an effective deterrent against invertebrate predators such as ants. Lizards reject adults of P. pyralis probably because pungent and bitter constituents in the blood render these beetles unpalatable. These results are discussed in terms of the defensive mechanisms of lampyrid adults.
Targeting TRPV1 for pain relief: limits, losers and laurels

Introduction: With 336 reviews, the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 arguably represent today's most extensively reviewed analgesic target. TRPV1 is strategically located at the peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons where pain is generated. TRPV1 as a target for analgesic drugs has been validated in preclinical studies. Areas covered: The therapeutic potential of targeting TRPV1 by agonists and antagonists for pain relief is discussed based on our experience and a critical review of the literature. Strategies to overcome adverse effects are explored. Expert opinion: Since its discovery in 1997, TRPV1 has run the gamut from excitement to disappointment to cautious optimism. Topical capsaicin has been disappointing for pain relief. By contrast, intrathecal resiniferatoxin is currently undergoing clinical trials in patients with intractable cancer pain. Some of the small-molecule TRPV1 antagonists have successfully passed Phase I safety and tolerability studies in healthy volunteers into Phase II studies t...
Pathophysiology of hemorrhoidal disease

Abstract Hemorrhoidal disease is prevalent and produces significant disability. Improvement in the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoids involves utilization of various nonoperative modalities as well as judicious application of surgical treatment. The recent development of a new procedure for prolapsing internal hemorrhoids utilizing a transanal circular stapler promises reduced postoperative pain and earlier return to full function with acceptable complication rates. Appropriate patient selection and attention to detail ensure good results. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A study of the electrochemical characteristics of some thiols by differential pulse polarography and other electrochemical techniques

Abstract A study of some low-molecular-weight odorous thiols at mercury electrodes has been made by differential pulse polarography (d.p.p.), d.c. polarography, linear-sweep voltammetry, and coulometric measurement on linear-sweep reduction. Linear current versus concentration plots are found for individual thiols, in aqueous 0.2 M sodium hydroxide by using d.p.p. at thiol concentrations from ca. 2 × 10 -7 M to 10 -4 M. A linear trend between peak potential and molecular weight was found for homologous series, but the method cannot be used for qualitative identification because of peak shifts in multicomponent mixtures. The electrode reactions show quasireversible behavior. At concentrations of thiol greater than 10 -4 M, the single peak splits into two peaks and film formation occurs. Charge density versus concentration plots indicate that the quantity of adsorbed material is several monolayers.
Potentially reduced exposure cigarettes accelerate atherosclerosis: Evidence for the role of nicotine

The tobacco industry markets potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs) as less harmful or addictive alternatives to conventional cigarettes. This study compared the effects of mainstream smoke from Quest, Eclipse, and 2R4F reference cigarettes on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE -/-) mice. Mice were exposed to smoke from four cigarette types for 12 weeks beginning at age of 12 weeks, and in a separate study for 8 weeks, beginning at age of 8 weeks. In both studies, mice exposed to smoke from high-nicotine, high-tar Quest 1, and 2R4F cigarettes developed greater areas of lipid-rich aortic lesions than did non-smoking controls. Exposure to smoke from the lower-nicotine products, Eclipse, and Quest 3, was associated with smaller lesion areas, but animals exposed to smoke from all of the tested types of cigarette had larger lesions than did control animals not exposed to smoke. Urinary levels of isoprostane F2 alpha VI, increased proportionally to cigarette nicotine yield, whereas induction of pulmonary cytochrome P4501A1 was proportional to tar yield. Lesion area was associated with both nicotine and tar yields, although in multiple regression analysis only nicotine was a significant predictor of lesion area. Smoke exposure did not alter systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), blood cholesterol, or leukocyte count. Taken together, these observations suggest that smoking may accelerate atherosclerosis by increasing oxidative stress mediated at least in part via the actions of nicotine.
Rat apolipoprotein B differs in solubility properties from human apolipoprotein B.

Abstract Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in general is known as an insoluble protein in aqueous buffers without the initial aid of denaturing agents. However, following the total delipidization of rat plasma low-density lipoproteins, a considerable portion (28.2 ± 3.0%) of rat ApoB was found directly soluble in an aqueous buffer, N-ethylmorpholine acetate (pH 7.3) as demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and electron microscopic analysis. On the other hand, this was not observed for human ApoB. This solubility difference may suggest some structural differences that exist between rat ApoB and human ApoB.
FDG PET and MRI in Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia versus Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type

Objectives The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is an atypical clinical variant of Alzheimer’s disease which is typically characterized by left temporoparietal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and hypometabolism on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. We aimed to characterize and compare patterns of atrophy and hypometabolism in logopenic primary progressive aphasia, and determine which brain regions and imaging modality best differentiates logopenic primary progressive aphasia from typical dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.
Optical manipulation of micron/submicron sized particles and biomolecules through plasmonics.

Plasmonics, a rapidly emerging subdiscipline of nanophotonics, is aimed at exploiting surface plasmons for important applications, including sensing, waveguiding, and imaging. Parallel to these research efforts, technology yielding enhanced scattering and absorption of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) provides promising routes for trapping and manipulation of micro and nano scale particles, as well as biomolecules with low laser intensity due to high energy conversion efficiency under resonant excitation. In this paper, we show that the LSP-induced scattering field from a self-assembled gold nanoparticle array can be used to sustain trapping of single micron-sized particles with low laser intensity. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time efficient localized concentration of submicron sized particles and DNAs of various sizes through photothermal effect of plasmonics.
Incomplete occlusion of left ventricular aneurysms after endoventricular aneurysmorrhaphy : Diagnosis by echocardiography and ventriculography

Surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysms have recently focused on maintaining normal left ventricular geometry by using a circular patch repair to exclude the aneurysmal cavity (endoaneurysmorrhaphy). We describe two patients who underwent this procedure and were subsequently found by echocardiography and angiography to have a residual communication between the left ventricular cavity and the aneurysm which contained thrombus. This finding may have implications regarding the optimal hemodynamic result of the surgery and the risk of thromboembolism.
Southern California uplift—Is it or isn't it?*

The Southern California session of the fall 1980 John Muir Geophysical Society meeting was an attempt to answer the question of whether the Southern California Uplift was real tectonic deformation or merely an artifact of systematic survey errors. The three principal speakers were D. D. Jackson (UCLA), W. E. Strange (National Geodetic Survey), and R. Stein (Lamont-Doherty—formerly with the U.S. Geological Survey). Jackson and Strange were arguing the negative side, i.e., that the uplift did not exist, while Stein argued that the uplift was real. In leveling, observations are made so as to determine the height of permanent benchmarks, typically a kilometer or so apart relative to each other. Attempts are made to locate the marks on competent rock, although it is sometimes the case that marks are in fact placed in unconsolidated alluvium or in other soft ground, leading to unwanted instability. Additionally, real displacements are sometimes seen in alluvia that derive from nontectonic causes, such as water withdrawal.
Safety and efficacy of endovascular cooling and rewarming for induction and reversal of hypothermia in human-sized pigs

Background and Purpose— Numerous studies indicate that mild hypothermia provides substantial neuroprotection. However, current systems transfer insufficient heat to rapidly vary core temperature. We thus evaluated the safety and efficacy of endovascular cooling and rewarming for the induction and reversal of hypothermia. Methods— In 10 anesthetized pigs (weight, 66±2 kg), a heat-exchange balloon catheter was inserted into the inferior vena cava and used to cool to a core temperature of 32°C and then rewarm to normothermia. Control animals had 38°C saline infused. Venous blood was sampled before, during, and after cooling. Three animals in each group were killed 1 week later, and the lungs and inferior vena cava were removed for gross and microscopic examination. In 5 additional animals, cardiac output was measured during cooling to 32°C. Results— Body temperature in the hypothermic animals decreased at a rate of 4.5±0.4°C/h. Animals were subsequently rewarmed to 36.0±0.04°C at 2.5±0.2°C/h. There was no di...
Noncolligative properties of intravenous fluids

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Currently available crystalloids were designed over a century ago for dehydration and not for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. Information regarding fluids used for resuscitation has grown and thus resuscitation has changed radically in the last two decades. Artificial fluids such as crystalloids and other solutions typically used for resuscitation are now recognized to be inflammatory when infused at high volumes to replace blood. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that the crystalloids and artificial colloids cause inflammation. Prehospital fluid use has not shown to be of benefit and permissive hypotension may be useful. Careful titration of fluids with minimizing crystalloids and early use of blood products have improved outcome after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. SUMMARY Seemingly innocuous fluids have a dose effect and can be detrimental. Crystalloids can create inflammation when used at high volumes and may be the reason for the sequelae seen after massive resuscitation. This has led to the recognition that whole blood is extremely complex and does much more than carry oxygen. Resuscitation has changed recently with the adoption of damage control resuscitation which is the practice of allowing permissive hypotension, minimizing crystalloids and early aggressive use of blood products. This has led to a decrease in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Optical Bistability For Optical Signal Processing And Computing

In this paper we present the basic principles of optical bistability and summarize the current advances in semiconductor optical switching, with emphasis on recent results in GaAs, CuCI, InAs, InSb, CdS, ZnS, and ZnSe etalons. These devices have great potential for applications involving optical signal processing and computing. As an example, we discuss the use of arrays of bistable devices for parallel optical processing and for addressable spatial light modulators. The use of nonlinear etalons as optical gates is also illustrated. To date, GaAs devices have shown the most favorable characteristics for practical applications. They operate at room temperature with a few milliwatts of power using a laser diode as the only light source. Quasi-cw operation and optical fiber signal regeneration have also been demonstrated. A GaAs NOR gate operates in 1 ps with <3 pJ incident energy; this, of course, implies a 1 ps switch-on time for a bistable etalon.
Caroline Jean Acker on Bruce Alexander's "Addiction: the urgent need for a paradigm shift".

Problematic conditions with high rates of prevalence cry out for structural or population-level explanations. Yet behavioral conditions considered diseases are often cast in a clinical frame and tr...
On hot-wire diagnostics in Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layers

Two hot-wire flow diagnostics have been developed to measure a variety of turbulence statistics in the buoyancy driven, air-helium Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layer. The first diagnostic uses a multi-position, multi-overheat (MPMO) single wire technique that is based on evaluating the wire response function to variations in density, velocity and orientation, and gives time-averaged statistics inside the mixing layer. The second diagnostic utilizes the concept of temperature as a fluid marker, and employs a simultaneous three-wire/cold-wire anemometry technique (S3WCA) to measure instantaneous statistics. Both of these diagnostics have been validated in a low Atwood number (A t ≤ 0.04), small density difference regime, that allowed validation of the diagnostics with similar experiments done in a hot-water/cold-water water channel facility. Good agreement is found for the measured growth parameters for the mixing layer, velocity fluctuation anisotropy, velocity fluctuation p.d.f behavior, and measurements of molecular mixing. We describe in detail the MPMO and S3WCA diagnostics, and the validation measurements in the low Atwood number regime (A t ≤ 0.04). We also outline the advantages of each technique for measurement of turbulence statistics in fluid mixtures with large density differences.
A Quasi-Static Penetration Model for Composite Laminates:

A quasi-static model was developed to simulate the penetration process of composite lammates. The penetrator was blunt-ended. A series of static punch tests were conducted to characterize the load-...
Sustaining growth in the modern enterprise: A case study

Abstract This paper describes a model developed to demonstrate the constancy of and virtual need for change in a sustaining organization. Several executives from different organizations were interviewed in order to capture the dynamics structure. Essential variables were listed and causal modeling was used to obtain important relationships. Equations of interrelationships among the variables were developed. Validation of the model was performed at two levels: (1) validation of the structure as suggested by the causal modeling process using a new methodology and (2) validation of the emergent behavior by using case studies of industries which have different time rates of evolution.
5-Year survival of patients with periaortic nodal metastases in clinical stage IB and IIA cervical carcinoma☆

Abstract From 1969 to 1981 thirty-six patients with stage IB and IIA cervical carcinoma were identified at pretherapy surgical staging laparotomy with histologically documented metastatic disease to the periaortic lymph nodes. All patients underwent a periaortic node dissection and all patients completed a course of extendedfield radiotherapy in a postoperative setting. No major radiotherapeutic complications were encountered. The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 50%, with a median survival time of 29 months. The median time to recurrence was 10 months, while the median duration of survival following a recurrence was 7 months. Seventy-five percent of all recurrences occurred at distant sites. These data demonstrate that survival may be favorably influenced by employing extended-field radiotherapy in those patients with early-clinical-stage cervical cancer and periaortic nodal metastases. The subsequent development of distant metastases after such a treatment regimen emphasizes the need for adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy to enhance overall survival.
Models of stratification processes

This paper presents certain mathematical models of the stratification process. These models are explicity concerned with the dynamics of stratification systems, and through their use it is possible to characterize time trajectories and also intra-system change. A foundation is laid for a comparative analysis of stratification systems and the analysis of historical change of any particular system. The mathematical models point to the limitation of current methodologies used in the analysis of stratification systems in that they explicitly or implicitly assume conditions of equilibrium, and employ procedures that obscure information about system change. The Appendix to the paper discusses estimation procedures for these models where the assumptions of equilibrium are relaxed.
Improving phosphopeptide identification in shotgun proteomics by supervised filtering of peptide-spectrum matches

One of the important objectives in mass spectrometry-based proteomics is the identification of post-translationally modified sites in cellular and extracellular proteomes. Proteomics techniques have been particularly effective in studying protein phosphorylation, where tens of thousands of new sites have been recently discovered in all domains of life. Such massive discovery of new sites has been facilitated by progress in affinity enrichment techniques, high-throughput analytical platforms that couple liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and also powerful computational tools that assign peptides to tandem mass spectra. In this work we focus on computational protocols for identifying phosphoproteins, phosphopeptides, and phosphosites. Although the current tools already provide solid results, most methods have not been tuned to exploit particular sequence and physicochemical properties of phosphopeptides or the peculiarities of their fragment spectra. Therefore, novel algorithms can be designed to increase the sensitivity of phosphosite identification. Here we describe a machine learning-based method that improves the identification of phosphopeptides in LC-MS/MS experiments. Our algorithm is applied as a post-processing step to a standard database search. It assigns a probability score to each peptide-spectrum match (PSM) corresponding to a phosphopeptide, based on the sequence and spectral features of the peptide and its assigned fragment spectra as well as the biological propensity of particular residues in the peptide to be phosphorylated. The algorithm is based on a simple but robust logistic regression model and is used together with a conventional search engine (here, MASCOT) to filter out the PSMs with the lowest probability of being correctly identified. Our protocol was tested on two large phosphoproteomics data sets on which it increased the number of identified phosphopeptides by 10-15% compared to the conventional scoring algorithms at the same false discovery rate threshold of 1%.
DETERMINATION OF CABIBBO PARAMETERS FROM LEPTONIC BARYON DECAY.

The parameters $D$, $F$, and $\ensuremath{\theta}$ appearing in Cabibbo's theory for the weak baryon current have been reevaluated, following Willis et al., using the latest available data on the leptonic decays of baryons. The momentum dependence of the form factors has been included. Seven data were used and three parameters fitted. The best least-squares fit to the data gives $D=\ensuremath{-}0.766\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.037$, $F=\ensuremath{-}0.415\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.035$, $\ensuremath{\theta}=0.245\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ [probability=93% (${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}=0.78$)].
Do Microsoft Acquisitions Benefit the Computer Industry

We examined whether acquisitions by Microsoft Corporation affect the stock prices of its competitors in the computer industry. We found that Microsoft's acquisitions in the Internet/online-services segment adversely affect the stock prices of the Internet/online-services rival portfolio. These competitors appear to be threatened by Microsoft's moves—anticompetitive or otherwise—to further its industry leadership and affirm the future success of the targets' technologies. Furthermore, the results of our study do not indicate that the financial market perceives Microsoft's operating-system acquisitions to be instrumental in achieving synergies from Microsoft's dominant role in the operating-system segment to the detriment of its Internet/online-services rivals. Indeed, we found the portfolio of Internet/online-services rivals to respond favorably to Microsoft's operating-system acquisitions, perhaps because Microsoft is essentially diverting resources away from the Internet/online-services segment.
Angiosarcoma of the head and neck

Background: Angiosarcoma (AS) is an uncommon, highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Methods: To study the impact of various treatment modalities, namely surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, we reviewed our experience with AS of the head and neck. Results: From 1978 through 1992, we treated 13 men and 5 women with AS (median age 67 years). Sixteen tumors occurred on the scalp and face and 2 in the oropharynx. Two patients presented with cervical metastases, and a third had subsequent nodal involvement. Primary surgery was used in 9 patients, including 1 who received adjunctive systemic doxorubicin hydrochloride, and 2 who received adjunctive radiotherapy. The tumors of 9 patients were unresectable: 4 were treated with intra-arterial doxorubicin hydrochloride; and 5, with systemic doxorubicin hydrochloride. Twelve patients (67%) died of disease an average of 25 months after diagnosis. Overall 5-year survival was 33%, but only 20% of the patients were disease free. Size of the tumor was an important predictor of survival, as all patients with a lesion >10 cm died of disease, compared with 67% with a lesion Conclusions: We recommend surgery for resectable lesions with postoperative radiation for unsatisfactory margins, large tumor size, deep extension, and multicentricity. Elective treatment of the neck does not appear warranted.
A new synthesis of β-lactams. oxygenation of dianions Of azetidine carboxylic acids

Aus Azetidin-2-carbonsauren (I) erhalt man uber die mit Lithium-diisopropylamid (LDA) erhaltenen Dianionen mit Sauerstoff die Hydroperoxy-Dianionen (II), die zu den β-Lactamen (III) fuhren.
Effect of Eh and pH on the Dissolution of Strengite

THE reduction of strengite (FePO4·2H2O) to more soluble (Fe2+)x (Fe3+)y·(PO4)z compounds is one possible source of the frequently reported1–4 higher concentrations of soluble P found in reduced soil conditions as compared with well aerated soils. To investigate this theory in more detail the dissolution of crystalline strengite was followed in controlled pH and redox (Eh) conditions.
Identifying Best Practice in a Shifting Landscape: Making Sense of RTI in the Context of SLD Identification

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004) has had substantial influence on special education in general and the field of learning disabilities in particular. Since its reauthorization in 2004, ongoing regulatory efforts have been underway to determine its operationalization and implementation. Of particular concern to those involved in the educational process (i.e., special educators, school psychologists, families, advocates) are the guidelines for identifying children with specific learning disabilities (SLD), including the use of Response to Intervention (RTI). In this article, some of the most relevant and controversial issues associated with the use of RTI for the identification of SLD are detailed. We discuss how SLD is conceptualized in terms of identification approaches and classification criteria and present position statements of special education professional associations on the changes to the federal SLD definition and identification criteria. Finally, we summarize proposed resolu...
A Fiberoptic Fixation Target for Tonography

Substituting a fiberoptic core for the standard Muller tonography plunger provides a fixation target for tonography. The fiberoptic is particularly useful for testing patients who are difficult to examine with the conventional plunger (those with monocular vision, phoriatropia, and the like).
Vectorfield isosurface-based reconstruction from oriented points

We present a new and much simpler formulation for the problem of reconstructing an implicit surface from an oriented point cloud acquired by a range scanner or a stereo vision system. Data vectors are first extended to a continuous vector field on a bounding volume, which is then integrated in the least squares sense yielding an implicit function whose zero level set approximates the data points. Function discretizations associated with regular grids automatically produce Iso-surface polygon meshes. Extrapolating missing and noisy data, integrating multiple scans, developing data structures and algorithms optimized for fast visualization and geometry processing, are challenging problems and active areas of research addressed by this work. We plan to use multi-resolution data structures to integrate streams of point clouds in real time. Implicit representations have the advantage of dealing with arbitrary topology. [Ohtake et al. 2003] introduces an adaptive hierarchal implicit representation composed of local quadric patches and weights associated with nodes in a oct-tree. Given that for rendering or post-processing we extract an isosurface over a regular grid (e.g., via Marching Cubes), it is worth exploring reconstruction algorithms that use implicit functions defined as a regular scalar field. In the area of geometry processing, the notion of decoupling the filtering of normal fields and geometry has emerged as a powerful method for denoising [Tasdizen et al. 2003]. We argue that a similar decoupling for the surface reconstruction problem is worth exploring. This preliminary work presents a volumetric method for surface reconstruction that directly incorporates both point and normal information. Instead of imposing constraints and regularization directly on the values of the potential (scalar) field, we impose constraints and regularization on the gradient field. We implement this using a combination of least-squares fitting and solving a Poisson problem over a uniform grid. The general problem of implicit surface reconstruction is as follows. Given an oriented point cloud i.e., m points and their normals, D = {(pi, ni)} sampled from a surface M, compute an implicit surface M ′ = {p| f (p) = 0} where f : R 3 → R and ∀(pi, ni) ∈ D ∇ f (pi) = ni and f (pi) = 0. (1) The least squares solution f using interpolatory constraints (1) will not, in general, produce satisfactory results without some regularization.
Rates of the reactions of 111‐trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) and 112‐trichloroethane with OH

Highly purified samples of the two chlorocarbons, trichloroethane and methyl chloroform, were reacted with OH over the temperature range of 278 to 460 K in a discharge-flow system with resonance flourescence detection of OH. Attention is given to the data obtained at various temperature levels and to the graph of Arrhenius' diagram. It is determined that the methyl chloroform reaction was slower and its temperature dependence somewhat steeper than the earlier measurements had indicated, probably due to the presence of faster reacting olefinic impurities in prior studies. Implications for stratospheric ozone reductions by C10-sub-x catalysis and for tropospheric OH-budget are briefly discussed.
Embedded representation of fracture in concrete with mixed finite elements

As an alternative to the smeared and discrete crack representations, an embedded representation of fracture for finite element analysis of concrete structures is presented. The three-field Hu–Washizu variational statement is extended to bodies with internal discontinuities. The extended variational statement is then utilized for formulating elements with a discontinuous displacement field. The new elements are capable of modelling different deformation modes of an internal discontinuity at the element level. The satisfactory performance of the embedded crack representation is verified by several case studies on concrete fracture.
Encephalitogenic protein: Aβ-pleated sheet conformation (102–120) yields a possible molecular form of a serotonin receptor

Es besteht die Annahme (Carnegie 1970), dass das basische Gehirnprotein als Rezeptor fur Serotonin wirkt, und es wird der Vorschlag fur molekularbiologische Reaktionen von Serotonin-Rezeptoren gemacht.
Scalable processing of spatial alarms

Spatial alarms can be modeled as location-based triggerswhich are fired whenever the subscriber enters the spatial region aroundthe location of interest associated with the alarm. Alarm processing requiresmeeting two demanding objectives: high accuracy, which ensureszero or very low alarm misses, and system scalability, which requireshighly efficient processing of spatial alarms. Existing techniques like periodicevaluation or continuous query-based approach, when applied tothe spatial alarm processing problem, lead to unpredictable inaccuracyin alarm processing or unnecessarily high computational costs or both.In order to deal with these weaknesses, we introduce the concept ofsafe period to minimize the number of unnecessary spatial alarm evaluations,increasing the throughput and scalability of the server. Further,we develop alarm grouping techniques based on locality of the alarmsand motion behavior of the mobile users, which reduce safe period computationcosts at the server side. An evaluation of the scalability andaccuracy of our approach using a road network simulator shows that theproposed approach offers significant performance enhancements for thealarm processing server.
Compliant alkali silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell applications: The effect of protective alumina coating on electrical stability in dual environment

Abstract An alkali-containing silicate glass was recently proposed as a potential sealant for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The glass contains appreciable amount of alkalis and retains its glassy microstructure at elevated temperatures over time. It is more compliant as compared to conventional glass–ceramics sealants and could potentially heal cracks during thermal cycling. In previous papers the thermal cycle stability, thermal stability and chemical compatibility were reported with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and YSZ-coated ferritic stainless steel interconnect. In this paper, we report the electrical stability of the compliant glass with aluminized AISI441 interconnect material under DC load in dual environment at 700–800 °C. Apparent electrical resistivity was measured with a 4-point method for the glass sealed between two aluminized AISI441 metal coupons as well as plain AISI441 substrates. The results showed good electrical stability with the aluminized AISI441 substrate, while unstable behavior was observed for un-coated substrates. In addition, interfacial microstructure was examined with scanning electron microscopy and correlated with the measured resistivity results. Overall, the alumina coating demonstrated good chemical stability with the alkali-containing silicate sealing glass under DC loading.
The electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide on noble metal catalysts as revisited by real-time surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Sequences of real-time surface-enhanced (SER) spectra acquired during the linear sweep voltammetric oxidation of carbon monoxide on noble metal catalysts in aqueous 0.1 M HClO 4 are presented with the aim of assessing the surface species present under reactive electrochemical conditions. The three surfaces investigated, gold, and platinum and rhodium films on gold, provide distinctly different yet potent catalysts for CO electro-oxidation. The latter two surfaces constitute examples of a previously described tactic by which SERS activity can be imparted to transition metals and other materials. Examination of the low-frequency (below 700 cm −1 ) spectral region, where metal—adsorbate vibrations are located, is shown to provide useful information on the interrelation between CO electro-oxidation and the occurrence of metal surface oxidation. The presence of adsorbed CO is seen to exert a marked influence on the latter processes. On gold, adsorbed oxygen species, as detected from a 500–550 cm −1 vibration, are induced to form at potentials substantially below those where surface oxide is observed spectroscopically and voltammetrically in the absence of CO. On platinum and especially rhodium, the presence of adsorbed CO is seen to influence the metal oxidation by selectively attenuating bands at 350 and 290 cm −1 ascribed to metal—oxygen bending vibrations, while leaving largely intact the higher-frequency metal—hydroxyl stretches (at 500–600 cm −1 ), also associated with metal surface oxidation. The possible roles of adsorbed oxygen species in the CO electro-oxidations are discussed in the light of these findings.
pH dependent phosphate hydrolysis by a lanthanide EF-hand peptide

Abstract A 20-mer peptide comprising an EF-hand calcium-binding sequence was shown to bind Eu(III) ions and promote phosphate ester cleavage in a pH dependent manner. The hydrolysis rate of bisnitrophenyl phosphate (BNPP) was followed over a 6.9–9.0 pH range, and the rate increases sharply at pH 8.2. This rate increase, which may correlate to the p K a of an inner sphere water of an Eu-EF-hand motif, is discussed in the context of coordinate water p K a values for a variety of small molecule Eu complexes.
Iron-independent phosphorylation of iron regulatory protein 2 regulates ferritin during the cell cycle.

Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) is a key iron sensor that post-transcriptionally regulates mammalian iron homeostasis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in mRNAs that encode proteins involved in iron metabolism (e.g. ferritin and transferrin receptor 1). During iron deficiency, IRP2 binds IREs to regulate mRNA translation or stability, whereas during iron sufficiency IRP2 is degraded by the proteasome. Here, we identify an iron-independent IRP2 phosphorylation site that is regulated by the cell cycle. IRP2 Ser-157 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cyclin B1 during G2/M and is dephosphorylated during mitotic exit by the phosphatase Cdc14A. Ser-157 phosphorylation during G2/M reduces IRP2 RNA-binding activity and increases ferritin synthesis, whereas Ser-157 dephosphorylation during mitotic exit restores IRP2 RNA-binding activity and represses ferritin synthesis. These data show that reversible phosphorylation of IRP2 during G2/M has a role in modulating the iron-independent expression of ferritin and other IRE-containing mRNAs during the cell cycle.
Percolation model for relaxation in random systems

Abstract A simple model for relaxation of dispersive excitations on a percolation distribution of finite clusters is used to characterize measurements of magnetic relaxation in spin glasses and stress relaxation in a structural glass. The percolation model gives excellent agreement with the observed behavior and may provide a common physical basis for several empirical relaxation functions including the power-law and stretched exponential.
Self-enhancement in ultraviolet luminescence from a metal–phosphor core–shell nanotube

A system composed of a metal core and a phosphor shell—a hierarchical Zn/ZnO concentric nanotube—was investigated in this study for optical properties. The system was found to show a great enhancement in the emission efficiency of ZnO in a wide—but especially in the ultraviolet (UV)—spectral region. This enhancement is attributed to efficient coupling between photons from the ZnO phosphor and surface plasmons (SPs) from the very thin Zn tubule. Its decoupling is facilitated by the unique structure and morphology of the system. Remarkably, Zn—known as a lossy metal—still can successfully multiply the luminescence yield of a phosphor, comparable to noble metals. The SP resonance energy of Zn in the system matches even better for the excitonic emission of ZnO. The nanotubes are synthesized by a simple and low-cost vaporization method. Moreover, they require no additional coating with precious metals for the high yield in luminescence while the Zn tubule is quite stable encapsulated by ZnO. Our results demonstrate that an effective conductor-dielectric geometry makes it possible not only to tune the SP resonance energy but also to increase the degree of coupling.
Prediction of the effective Young's modulus of a particulate composite containing fractured particles

This paper considers the problem of prediction of the effective Young's modulus of a particulate composite material containing fractured particles. It treats the general case in which some particles are fractured while others remain intact. The reinforcing particles are assumed to be spherical. The Mori-Tanaka model is extended to formulate the method of solution. The resulting auxiliary problem of a single fractured particle in an infinite matrix subjected to a remote stress equal to the average matrix stress, for which Eshelby's solution does not exist, is solved by the finite element method. The predictions are compared with the exact results of Young's modulus for particulate composites with body-centered cubic packing arrangement and experimental results of Young's modulus for particulate composites containing fractured particles.
Father Knows Best

In his essay, "Althusser's Mirror," Carsten Strathausen reveals the paternal politics inherent to any gesture of appropriation. Molding Lacan to an Althusserian mirror, Strathausen demonstrates parallels between Lacan's mirror stage and Althusser's interpellated subject. The resemblance, created through what Strathausen suggests is Althusser's mis-reading of Lacan, reveals their mutual influence. The question of influence, however, becomes an issue of tradition Althusser links to a politics of legitimacy and right he associates with a figure of paternity. While the process of filiation would seem to extend from Lacan to Althusser in the logic of the mirror employed by Strathausen to renew Marxist thought, Althusser also situates himself as the father to a Lacan he is attempting to salvage from the ignominy of illegitimacy. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol18/iss1/8