cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding of Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) Sodium and Indocyanine Green (ICG) by Plasma α1 Lipoproteins.

SummaryThe colloidal nature of ICG in aqueous solutions has been characterized by dialysis, ultranltration and spectral absorption measurements. Using gel filtration (Sephadex G-100 and G-200), ultracentrifu-gal flotation, density gradient sedimentation, immuno- and paper-electrophoretic methods, evidence has been accumulated to show that 90% of the ICG in canine serum and 80% of the dye in human serum is associated with globulins. Comparable values for BSP are 60% and 30%. The data suggest that the α1 group of lipoproteins has a higher affinity for the dyes than albumin.
Growth-modulating human plasma tripeptide: relationship between molecular structure and DNA synthesis in hepatoma cells.

H-glycylhistidyllysine-OH (GHL) is a tripeptide found at approximately 200 ng/ml in human plasma in association with the albumin and o-globulin fractions [ 1,2 J. When added to culture medium at 1 S-100 ng/ml, synthetic GHL promotes the proliferation of hepatoma cells ]2,3], lymphocytes [4] and T-strain mycoplasma [5]; maintains the viability of normal hepatocytes [2,3], eosinophils [6], and macrophages [7]; inhibits the growth of glial cells [8]; and supports the growth and differentiation of neurons ]8] and ascaris larvae [9]. At higher concentration, the tripeptide inhibits L929 cell growth (500 ng/ml) [lo] and maintains the viability of mast cells (20 pg/ml) during degranulation tests [ 1 I]. In general, GHL acts to reduce or eliminate the amount of serum required for culture of the various cell types or organisms [2-4,6-9,111. Although the mechanism of action of GHL is unknown, the tripeptide is co-isolated with copper and iron [ 12,131, and acts synergistically with these transition metals to stimulate the growth and metabolism of hepatoma cells maintained in grows-l~it~g amounts of serum [ 12,131. In this paper we describe the effects of 9 synthetic analogs of GHL on DNA synthesis in hepatoma cell culture. The results indicate that 2 structural features are involved in the bioactivities of GHL: (1) the histidyllysyl linkage and (2) a glycyl residue in either terminal position.
Failure mechanism of concrete under fatigue compressive load

In this paper, the behavior of concrete under static and fatigue compressive load is studied. Cylindrical specimens were subjected to static cyclic and constant amplitude fatigue loading. The static cyclic tests were performed by unloading and reloading the specimen at three different points in the postpeak period of the static loading response. Low cycle, high amplitude fatigue tests were performed to failure using three load amplitudes. It is found that under the term of structural compliance the static compressive response of concrete can be used as an envelope for the fatigue failure compressive response. The change rate of stiffness or compliance under fatigue loading follows a two-stage process: a deceleration stage followed by an acceleration stage up to failure. The failure mechanisms for both static and fatigue loading are explained by the band damage zone model and found to be consistent in the term of an inelastic displacement. The results agree well with the previous research work.
Best-Worst Scaling in analytical closed-form solution

Abstract Best-Worst Scaling (BWS), sometimes also called Maximum Difference (MaxDiff), is a discrete choice modeling method widely used for finding utilities and choice probabilities among multiple alternatives. It can be seen as an extension of the paired comparison techniques for the simultaneous presentation of several items together to respondents. A respondent identifies the best and the worst ones and estimation of utilities is performed using a multinomial-logit (MNL) model in numerical nonlinear estimations. The main contribution of this paper consists in finding an analytical closed-form solution producing an approximation of the results for utilities and choice probabilities that are obtained using MNL models. The analytical formulae permit the inference of the characteristics of the model׳s quality, including standard errors of the utilities and choice probabilities, the residual deviance and pseudo-R2. This approach enriches the BWS methods and is useful for theoretical descriptions and practical applications.
What is the Importance of the School Size for School Counselors

This study aims to investigate the way in which the size of a school might impact on the psychological counseling services. In addition to several other features, the size of a school that is part of its structural characteristics also requires appropriate arrangements for the counseling services to be offered. As a matter of fact, there is a general principle that the guidance and psychological counseling services to be offered at school need to be customized as per the purposes and requirements of schools. This role is ascribed to psychological counselors most frequently since they are specialized in educational leadership, safe school climate and systematic change at school as a person able to assess the characteristics and potentials of students and they have the potential and power to have an impact on the social, cultural and political dynamics of schools as leaders in the social and emotional aspects of the education system. The psychological counselors are expected to perform these roles ascribed to them, to know the effects of the size of the school on the educational and psychosocial results and to make progress in preventing potential problems. There are various results with respect to the effect of the school size on the psychosocial aspects. In terms of the school size, the large, middle and small schools each have their own pros and cons as understood from the results. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1800
Patient evaluation and management with selective use of magnetic resonance cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Gallstone disease poses a major health problem in the United States. More than 600,000 cholecystectomies are performed yearly, with estimated direct costs for the diagnosis and treatment of gallstones exceeding $5 billion annually. 1 Choledocholithiasis is detected in 8% to 20% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. 2–4 Several options are available for the diagnosis and treatment of choledocholithiasis, but there is no consensus on the optimal management strategy for these patients. 5 The selection of diagnostic and treatment approaches depends on multiple factors, including the level of suspicion for choledocholithiasis, patient and physician preferences, resource availability, and the expertise of the surgeons, endoscopists, and radiologists. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and serum chemistry data commonly acquired during patient evaluations are sensitive in 96% to 98% and specific in 40% to 75% of the patients for the determination of choledocholithiasis. 2–4 Therefore, when these indicators are used for the selection of patients for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), up to 75% of the patients have no common bile duct (CBD) stones found during the procedure. Even though ERCP is effective for the diagnosis and clearance of CBD stones, this procedure can be associated with patient discomfort, inconvenience, and complications. 6 Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) has been shown to possess diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of ERCP. 7–12 In a previous study, we selected patients for MRC imaging on the basis of clinical evaluation, serum liver enzyme elevations, and CBD dilatation as detected by abdominal ultrasonography 11 (Fig. 1 contains our previous management algorithm). Whereas MRC application resulted in accurate diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, we believed the approach was associated with overuse. Subsequently, we modified the approach to the management of patients with gallstone disease at our institution. The management approach categorized patients into four groups based on the level of suspicion for choledocholithiasis, which then directed patient evaluation and management. We hypothesized that with the implementation of these triage guidelines, there would be a reduction in redundant and unnecessary diagnostic testing, thus leading to improvements in magnetic resonance imaging and ERCP utilization. The utility of the new management guidelines was evaluated in this prospective nonrandomized study involving 440 patients. Figure 1. Previous patient management algorithm: AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; MRC, magnetic resonance cholangiography; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography.
Histamine in brain may have no role for histaminergic control of food-related drinking in the rat.

Abstract Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats surgically fitted with a cannula positioned in the third cerebral ventricle were tested for drinking after exogenous histamine or after eating with or without antagonism of H 1 and/or H 2 receptors for histamine using intracerebroventricular (ICV) dexbrompheniramine (DXB; 12.5–50 μg) or cimetidine (C; 25–100 μg). Histamine (0.06–16 μg) given ICV failed to elicit drinking. For rats drinking in response to subcutaneous (SC) histamine, ICV DXB alone did not affect drinking, whereas ICV DXB plus C, and ICV C given alone inhibited drinking. Such inhibition appeared to be relatively selective for drinking elicited by SC histamine, because ICV 50 μg DXB plus 100 μg C abolished drinking elicited by SC histamine, but failed to inhibit drinking after 12-hr water deprivation. When rats ate and drank after food deprivation, ICV DXB alone and ICV DXB plus C did not significantly inhibit food-related water intake. The inhibition of food-related drinking by ICV 100 μg C given alone was accompanied by inhibition of eating. In summary, histamine had unimpressive dipsogenic effects when given ICV, ICV DXB and C inhibited drinking elicited by SC histamine, but ICV DXB and C failed to inhibit food-related drinking in a manner parallel to the selective effects of intraperitoneal injection of these drugs on drinking elicited by eating. This suggests that it is histamine and histamine receptors in the periphery rather than in brain that have the predominant role for a histaminergic mechanism for drinking elicited by eating in the rat, but our findings do not rule out a role(s) for histamine in brain in the control of ingestive behavior.
Sixth disease and the ubiquity of human herpesviruses.

Approximately three quarters of children have been infected with HHV-6 by two years of age. Dr. Charles Prober writes that a substantial proportion of the population is shedding one or more of these infectious agents, maintaining the chain of transmission and the high prevalence of infection.
Stalk Segment 4 of the Yeast Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase MUTATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE IN THE E1-E2 CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE

Abstract In the P2-type ATPases, there is growing evidence that four α-helical stalk segments connect the cytoplasmic part of the molecule, responsible for ATP binding and hydrolysis, to the membrane-embedded part that mediates cation transport. The present study has focused on stalk segment 4, which displays a significant degree of sequence conservation among P2-ATPases. When site-directed mutants in this region of the yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase were constructed and expressed in secretory vesicles, more than half of the amino acid substitutions led to a severalfold decrease in the rate of ATP hydrolysis, although they had little or no effect on the coupling between hydrolysis and transport. Strikingly, mutant ATPases bearing single substitutions of 13 consecutive residues from Ile-359 through Gly-371 were highly resistant to inorganic orthovanadate, with IC50 values at least 10-fold above those seen in the wild-type enzyme. Most of the same mutants also displayed a significant reduction in the K m for MgATP and an increase in the pH optimum for ATP hydrolysis. Taken together, these changes in kinetic behavior point to a shift in equilibrium from the E2 conformation of the ATPase toward the E1conformation. The residues from Ile-359 through Gly-371 would occupy three full turns of an α-helix, suggesting that this portion of stalk segment 4 may provide a conformationally active link between catalytic sites in the cytoplasm and cation-binding sites in the membrane.
The Levator Aponeurosis in Blepharoplasty

The exposure of the levator aponeurosis during blepharoplasty allows the creation of a fixed, distinct lid crease and the opportunity for repair of any defect in the aponeurosis. The conventional blepharoplasty without deep fixation may show the scar separate from the crease and a tendency for early redundancy of skin low on the lid. Additionally, many elderly patients undergoing blepharoplasty have early separations in the levator aponeurosis. Repair of such defects may prophylactically defer the development of acquired ptosis or reverse an early unrecognized ptosis.
High-temperature phase transition in TlN3

Abstract The phase transition in TlN 3 is simulated based on the potentials calculated from the Gordon-Kim modified electron gas model extended to ion molecular crystals. It is found that TlN 3 transforms into a cubic CsCl structure at high temperature due to the rotations of the N 3 ions. Above the phase transition the orientations of the N 3 − ions are random with four preferred orientations with respect to the cubic axes.
The profit impacts of risk management tool adoption

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the profit impacts of adopting input and output risk management tools at the farm level.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis examines three years of farm‐level data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) that include detailed questions on the adoption of risk management tools. Propensity score matching is used to control for the endogeneity of adoption decisions, and the profit impacts are estimated based on the matched dataset.Findings – The adoption of input price risk management tools improves farm‐level profits by 13‐17 percent.Originality/value – This is the first paper which examines the profit impacts of risk management tools while controlling for the endogeneity of adoption.
The incidence and severity of hangover the morning after moderate alcohol intoxication.

Aims To determine the incidence and covariates of hangover following a night of moderate alcohol consumption at a targeted breath alcohol level. Design Data were combined from three randomized cross-over trials investigating the effects of heavy drinking on next-day performance. A total of 172 participants received either alcoholic beverage (mean = 0.115 g%breathalcoholconcentration)orplaceboononenightandtheotherbeverageaweeklater.Thenext day, participants completed a hangover scale. Participants Participants were 54 professional merchant mariners attending a recertification course at Kalmar Maritime Academy (Kalmar, Sweden) and 118 university students or recent graduates recruited from greater Boston. Setting One trial was conducted at Kalmar Maritime Academy (Sweden); the other two were conducted at the General Clinical Research Center at Boston Medical Center. Measurements A nine-item scale assessed hangover. Findings Hangover was reported by 76% of participants. Neither alcoholic beverage type nor participant characteristics was associated with incidence of hangover. Conclusions Our findings on the propensity of hangover suggest that 25-30% of drinkers may be resistant to
Wind data generator: A knowledge-based expert system

Abstract Research was undertaken to improve the methods of utilizing short-term wind records to estimate long-term extreme winds for design purposes. Recent approaches to the problem include the Markov models developed at the University of Hawaii for extreme wind simulation applicable to a well behaved climate and to typhoon-prone regions. Recently, it has been realized that the application of these simulation models, is tedious, painstaking and time consuming for inexperienced users. Therefore, the current effort is to utilize an expert system shell to facilitate the application of the simulation models in a microcomputer environment. An application of this approach is illustrated.
Direct Binding of Ethanol to Bovine Serum Albumin: A Fluorescent and 13C NMR Multiplet Relaxation Study†

Molecular mechanisms of ethanol interaction with proteins are not well-understood. In the present study, direct interaction of ethanol with hydrophobic binding sites on fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was determined using the fluorescent probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS), cis-parinaric acid, and 13C NMR. The affinity of ethanol for BSA (Kd) was (5.21 +/- 0.31) x 10(-2) mol. Ethanol (25-200 mmol) competitively inhibited 1,8-ANS binding to BSA in a concentration-dependent manner with a Ki (concentration of ethanol that decreased 1,8-ANS binding by 50%) of 658 mmol. Preincubation of BSA with ethanol significantly decreased cis-parinaric acid binding to BSA, indicating interaction of ethanol with hydrophobic fatty acid-binding site(s) on BSA. Furthermore, ethanol was found to act on three of the five fatty acid-binding sites on BSA. These data indicated selectivity in the interaction of ethanol with hydrophobic sites on BSA. 13C NMR multiplet relaxation was used to characterize the interaction of ethanol with binding sites on BSA. Detailed analysis of [13C]ethanol relaxation data obtained in the presence of increasing BSA concentrations (25-200 mg/mL) led to the conclusion that the ethanol methyl group, as opposed to its hydroxyl group, binds in a hydrophobic pocket(s) on the protein. Ethanol-induced changes in activity of certain proteins may result from direct binding of ethanol to specific hydrophobic binding sites and/or displacement of endogenous ligands from those sites.
Role of c-Myc in Apc Mutant Intestinal Phenotype: Case Closed or Time for a New Beginning?

Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) tumor suppressor gene occurs in most colorectal cancers. The proto-oncogene c-MYC was one of the first genes linked to APC inactivation, but the in vivo significance of c-MYC 's enhanced expression in intestinal cells with APC defects has been uncertain. Sansom et al. recently reported that targeted inactivation of c-Myc in murine intestinal epithelium potently inhibited phenotypical and transcriptional changes seen in Apc -deficient intestinal epithelium. While these findings are very interesting, some questions remain about the assignment of c-Myc as the pre-eminent β-catenin-regulated gene in intestinal epithelium.
EPICS communication loss management

Abstract In a distributed control system there are multiple processors interconnected by a communications media such as a LAN. Plant I/O points are often divided between these processors according to the number of points that a processor can promptly service and according to processor locations which minimize field wiring. A robust distributed control system should properly respond to temporary loss of communication with any portion of the system. This temporary loss could be caused by hardware or software failures or it could be caused by reconfiguring or rebooting other portions of the system. For the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System we have handled these temporary outages consistently and reliably. This capability makes it possible for distributed functions such as loop closure, sequencing, archiving, or operator consoles to take proper action at the beginning and end of the loss of communication with another part of the system. The control system continues to function in a degraded mode while some of its subsystems are not responding and resumes normal operation once a subsystem is restored.
Classroom Versus Online Assessment

The authors examined students’ effort and performance using online versus traditional classroom testing procedures. The instructor and instructional methodology were the same in different sections of an introductory finance class. Only the procedure in which students were tested—online versus in the classroom—differed. The authors measured student effort by tracking the number of times students accessed study resources that had been placed on the university Blackboard course management system, and performance as grades on tests given either online for some students or in the classroom for other students. The results indicate that neither study efforts nor course performance was influenced by the testing procedure. However, the authors did find a strong positive relationship between students’ effort and their performance in the course.
Treatment Setting and Outcomes of Patients With Co-Occurring Disorders

This study examined the potential differential benefits for patients with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUDs) entering treatment at one of three types of treatment programs: dual-diagnosis, SUD, and psychiatric treatment programs. This quasiexperimental study compared 6-month substance use and psychiatric symptom outcomes of 257 adults with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders who had sought treatment at one of four outpatient treatment programs that used group treatment as the main treatment modality: a dual diagnosis, a psychiatric, or one of two SUD treatment programs. At treatment initiation, patients received a structured diagnostic interview and a survey assessing SUD and psychiatric symptoms; the survey was readministered 6 months later. Multiple and logistic regression analyses examined patient SUD and psychiatric outcome indicators to compare potential benefits of initiating treatment at a dual-diagnosis treatment program. At treatment entry, patients who e...
Molecular weight studies of canine cardiac myosins

Only recently were conditions developed for determining accurately the molecular weight of myosin [ 1,2] . Conditions selective for obtaining myosin in a monomeric form were used such as, analyses of myosin at a low protein concentration ( 0.3 M KCl) [l-3] . Using these conditions the molecular weight of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin was 458 000 [l] and 468 000 [2] , molecular weights considerably lower than that reported earlier for rabbit skeletal muscle myosins [4,5] Optimal conditions for analyses of the molecular weight of myosin were used in the following studies for determination of the molecular weight of canine cardiac left and right ventricular myosins. Earlier studies on the molecular weight of myosin obtained from dog heart was described as 225 000 [6] and 758 000 [7].
Single-pulse broadband rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman-scattering thermometry of cold N 2 gas

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) from the pure rotational Raman lines of N2 gas is employed to measure the instantaneous (10-nsec) rotational temperature of the gas at room temperature and below. An entire rotational CARS spectrum is generated by a single laser pulse using a broad-bandwidth dye laser and is recorded on an optical multichannel analyzer. A best-fit temperature is obtained for individual experimental spectra by comparison with calculated spectra. Good agreement between CARS temperatures and thermocouple temperatures is observed.
The Jovian magnetodisk

Magnetic field measurements made by the vector helium magnetometers on board Pioneers-10 and 11 reveal the existence of a current sheet (thickness ∼2R J) carrying an eastward current. Self-consistent studies of the current sheet show that the magnitude of the current is of the order of 10+2 Am+1 and that the current is carried by a hot (T>1 keV) plasma, the density of which varies between 1 cm+3 at 30R J to 10+2 cm+3 at 80R J. The current sheet is warped azimuthally and parallel to the magnetic dipole equator. The existence of an azimuthal field component indicates a poloidal plasma flow transporting some 1029 ions per second from Jupiter into the outer magnetosphere. It is shown that, if the outer magnetosphere is in a steady state, this plasma must be transported outward within the current sheet by a diffusion process which is faster than the one responsible for particle transport in the inner magnetosphere but slower than Bohm diffusion. It is suggested that the diffusion is due to the observed mhd turbulence in the current sheet. Such a model requires the existence of open field lines along which particles can escape freely into interplanetary space.
Molecular basis of cooperative DNA bending and oriented heterodimer binding in the NFAT1—Fos-Jun—ARRE2 complex

Cooperative DNA binding by transcription factors that bind to separate recognition sites is likely to require bending of intervening sequences and the appropriate orientation of transcription factor binding. We investigated DNA bending in complexes formed by the basic region–leucine zipper domains of Fos and Jun with the DNA binding region of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) at composite regulatory elements using gel electrophoretic phasing analysis. The NFAT1—Fos–Jun complex induced a bend at the ARRE2 site that was distinct from the sum of the bends induced by NFAT1 and Fos–Jun separately. We designate this difference DNA bending cooperativity. The bending cooperativity was directed toward the interaction interface between Fos–Jun and NFAT1. We also examined the influence of NFAT1 on the orientation of Fos–Jun heterodimer binding using a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The interaction with NFAT1 could reverse the orientation of Fos–Jun heterodimer binding to the ARRE2 site. The principal determinants of both cooperative DNA bending and oriented heterodimer binding were localized to three amino acid residues at the amino-terminal ends of the leucine zippers of Fos and Jun. Consequently, interactions between transcription factors can remodel promoters by altering DNA bending and the orientation of heterodimer binding.
Circular Dichroism and Spin Polarization in Photoemission from Adsorbates and Non-Magnetic Solids

Spin-resolving techniques in photoemission are presently attracting wide interest because they can provide a detailed insight into specific aspects of electronic structure and the dynamics of the photoexcitation process. Recent experimental work in the field of non-magnetic systems is reviewed with emphasis on the complementary nature of the information gained by exploiting the photon- and/or electron-spin. A very promising achievement is the verification of circular dichroism (CDAD) in the angular distribution of photoelectrons. It arises without spin-orbit interaction through an interference of final-state partial waves. Every aligned or oriented target (molecular adsorbates, single crystals) should in principle show this effect in photoemission with circularly polarized light. Electron-spin polarization (ESP) in photoemission is induced by circularly polarized light as a direct consequence of spin-orbit interaction. This type of spectroscopy thus provides a unique method for determining the symmetries of electronic bands of high-Z materials. Recent examples of both categories are discussed.
Elderly Hip Fracture Patients Admitted to the Trauma Service: Does it Impact Patient Outcome?

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are primarily a disease of the elderly. Advanced age and associated comorbidities in this patient population can lead to adverse outcomes. We routinely admit our hip fracture patients to the Trauma Service (TS). The goal of this study is to see if this policy has had a positive impact on patient outcome. METHODS: The Jacobi Medical Center Trauma and Operating Room registries were used to identify all patients aged 65 and over who presented with a hip fracture during the 5-year period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004. Patient charts were used for data retrieval. Outcome variables were length of hospital stay (LOS), time from admission to surgery, in-hospital complication, and in-hospital mortality rates. RESULTS: Complete data were available in 255 patients out of a total of 274 admitted in the study period. The mean age was 81.0 years. The median Injury Severity Score was 10 (range, 9-34). Two hundred forty (94.1%) patients were admitted to the TS. The mean time from admission to surgery was 1.9 days and the mean LOS was 10.5 days. In-hospital complication rate and mortality were 35.8% and 2.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our policy of admitting elderly hip fracture patients to the TS has resulted in a mortality and LOS among the lowest reported in the literature. This data suggest that there is a clear benefit to admitting elderly hip fractures to the TS. Language: en
Creating the virtual enterprise with VE gateways

Virtual enterprise (VE) gateways are one of the approaches being studied by the NIIIP consortium for building the virtual enterprise, defined as a temporary alliance of companies to address fast-changing business opportunities. VE gateways are software entities that link dissimilar management and programming domains over untrusted networks such as the Internet in order to provide a secure communications infrastructure, for member enterprise control of resources in a peer-to-peer manner; and for integrated VE-wide administration. This paper discusses the concepts, architectures, and prototype implementations of VE gateways under development for NIIIP.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Studies on the substructure of myosin in cardiac hypertrophy. Characterization of light chains.

Abstract 1. 1.|The hypothesis has been examined that an alteration in the composition or content of myosin light chains may be responsible for the lower myofibrillar ATPase activity reported in hypertrophied and failing hearts. Left ventricular hypertrophy was produced in calves by aortic coarctation and animals were studied 1 month after banding. 2. 2.|In agreement with previous work, Ca2+- and K+(EDTA)-stimulated myosin ATPase activity was usually reduced in hypertrophied ventricles. 3. 3.|Normal calf cardiac myosin contained two light subunits with molecular weights of 26 000 and 17 000 as estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of light chains and the proportions of light chains in myosin from hypertrophic ventricles were the same as in myosin from normal hearts. 4. 4.|The amino acid composition and the two-dimensional “maps” of tryptic digests of myosin light chains from hypertrophic and normal ventricles were the same. 5. 5.|We find no evidence that a change in myosin light chain content or chemical composition is responsible for the lower myosin ATPase activity of hypertrophic hearts.
Supramalleolar Osteotomy Using Circular External Fixation with Six-Axis Deformity Correction of the Distal Tibia:

Background: Supramalleolar osteotomy using circular external fixation with six-axis deformity correction is a rarely reported treatment method particularly well-suited for complex multidimensional deformities of the adult ankle. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of deformity correction and change in functional status using this technique. Methods: We present a retrospective review of 52 patients who underwent supramalleolar osteotomy with application of the Taylor Spatial Frame (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN). Mean age was 44 (range, 18 to 79) years. The primary outcome was change in preoperative to postoperative distal tibial joint orientation angles. Coronal and sagittal plane joint orientation angles were measured for all 52 enrolled patients. The secondary outcome was change in AOFAS scores which were available for 31 patients. Results: Twenty-two patients had oblique plane deformities. The mean time in frame was 4 (range, 2 to 11) months, and patients were followed for a mean of 14 m...
Solar-cometary relations and the events of June–August 1972

Evidence for correlations of brightness fluctuations of heads of comets with solar and solar-related phenomena is presented, and the examples of Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann (1) and Giacobini-Zinner in 1959 and 1972 are examined. Brightness behavior of comets and the general level of solar activity in the eleven-year cycle appear to be statistically related. At present the responses of individual comets to solar events are not sufficiently well calibrated to permit using them as reliable interplanetary probes.
Abstract PR-10: Impact of race, ethnicity and health insurance on delays in breast cancer diagnosis in the District of Columbia

Background: Delays in follow-up after breast cancer screening are thought to contribute to disparities in breast cancer outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of race/ethnicity and type of health insurance on the diagnostic delay time, defined as the number of days from abnormal screening to definitive diagnosis. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 976 women examined for breast cancer between 1998 and 2009 at six hospitals and clinics located in the District of Columbia. We used a full-factorial ANOVA model to test for significant differences in diagnostic delay time among non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), and Hispanic women with private, government, or no health insurance. A log transformation was taken on the diagnostic delay time to normalize our data, and geometric means were estimated and compared. Results: The average geometric mean (95% CI) diagnostic delay times were as follows: among those with private insurance, 15.9 (12.2,20.6) days for NHW, 27.0 (22.4,32.6) days for NHB, and 51.4 (34.8,76.0) days for Hispanic women; among those with government insurance, 11.9 (7.3,19.3) days for NHW, 39.5 (32.2,48.6) days for NHB, and 71.6 (47.8,107.1) days for Hispanic women; and among those without insurance, 44.5 (16.4,120.6) days for NHW, 59.7 (38.8,91.8) days for NHB, and 66.4 (55.8,79.1) days for Hispanic women. In fitting a full-factorial ANOVA model, we found that NHW women with government insurance had a significantly shorter delay in diagnosis than NHB (p=0.0003) and Hispanic (p 0.05). Finally, we found that NHB women with private insurance had a significantly shorter delay in diagnosis than uninsured NHB women (p=0.03). Conclusions: NHB and Hispanic women with government or private insurance waited more than twice as long to reach their definitive diagnosis than NHW women with government or private insurance. Uninsured NHB women waited more than twice as long to reach their definitive diagnosis than NHB women with private insurance. Having private health insurance markedly increased the speed of diagnostic resolution in NHB women; however, the speed of diagnostic resolution remained significantly longer for NHB women with private insurance than for NHW women with private insurance. These results suggest that while both insurance and race/ethnicity affect diagnostic resolution, health insurance may not be the primary barrier to optimal diagnostic resolution in NHB women. It will be important to determine what other factors serve as the primary barriers, as well as if these delays affect the final breast cancer outcome for the patients. Funding Mechanism: Grant Number 1 U01 CA116937; Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP), Center for Research on Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD), National Cancer Institute (NCI). Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):PR-10.
Efficacy, tissue distribution, and residue depletion of oxytetracycline in WS-RLP infected California red abalone Haliotis rufescens

Abstract Oxytetracycline (OTC) was recently demonstrated to be an effective therapeutant for California red abalone ( Haliotis rufescens ) infected with the agent of withering syndrome (WS), a Rickettsia-like prokaryote (WS-RLP). This study examined the influence of temperature on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral OTC treatments on WS-RLP infected red abalone, H. rufescens . Medication was administered in an artificial diet containing 1.85% active OTC at a rate of 103.4 mg/kg abalone for 10, 20 and 30 days at both 13.4 °C and 17.3 °C. Drug residue concentrations, WS-RLP burden and WS-associated pathological changes within foot muscle and digestive gland were measured 3, 17, 23, 42, 63, 81, 102, 122, and 160 days after OTC treatment. In all samples the highest concentrations of OTC were detected on the first sample day. Furthermore, all sampling periods showed significantly less OTC in foot muscle samples relative to corresponding digestive gland samples ( p p
Managing Natural Catastrophe Risk: State Insurance Programs in the United States

AbstractThis article surveys state-mandated programs in the United States aimed at providing natural catastrophe insurance to property owners and businesses unable to find policies in the private m...
Drunkorexia: Understanding the Co-occurrence of Alcohol Consumption and Eating/Exercise Weight Management Behaviors

Abstract Objective: Examine the co-occurrence of alcohol consumption, physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors via a drunkorexia perspective. Participants: Nationally representative sample (n = 22,488) of college students completing the Fall 2008 National College Health Assessment. Methods: Hierarchical logistic regression was employed to determine if physical activity and disordered eating behaviors uniquely predicted binge drinking, while controlling for age, race, gender, year in college, Greek membership, and place of residence. Results: Physical activity and disordered eating made unique, statistically significant contributions. Moreover, including physical activity and disordered eating behaviors allowed for the correct classification of an additional 431 cases (ie, binge drinkers) over and above the predictive ability of the covariate-only model. Conclusions: Findings corroborate prior research indicating highly active college students are more likely to binge drink than their nonactive p...
Strain partitioning and batholith emplacement at the root of a transpressive magmatic arc

Abstract An integrative study of the high-pressure Ecstall batholith and its country rocks (Prince Rupert area, British Columbia) reveals the interplay of deformation and plutonism produced in the largest Cordilleran magmatic arc (i.e. the Coast Plutonic Complex) during mid-Cretaceous convergence between the Farallon oceanic plate and North America. The results emphasize the interference between three strain fields: (1) an early (>92 Ma) crustal wedge produced by orogen-perpendicular, SW-vergent thrusting, (2) an orogen-parallel sinistral strike-slip shear zone active until 87 Ma, and (3) the lateral expansion of the batholith (93–91 Ma) against the shear zone. The batholith expanded in a direction oblique with respect to the shear zone trend (+20°) by extruding country rocks against its head in a direction normal to its expansion direction during sinistral, strike-slip partitioned transpression. The batholith's emplacement combined far-field batholith boundary-normal translation, extrusion-related rotation and radial and concentric elongation in its structural aureole. This case study may typify the process by which a modern magmatic arc grows longitudinally at depth during transpression, the direction and sense of growth being determined by the direction of plate motion relative to the magmatic arc and the degree of strike-slip partitioning of transpression.
Visual information: The control of aiming movements.

The study examined the contribution of various sources of visual information utilised in the control of discrete aiming movements. Subjects produced movements, 15.24 cm in amplitude, to a 1.27 cm t...
Pulsed laser ablation-deposition of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 for use as electrodes in nonvolatile ferroelectric memories

La{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} (LSCO) thin films have been deposited on (100) MgO substrates using pulsed laser ablation-deposition (PLAD). The crystallographic orientation of LSCO was found to be dependent on the surface treatment of (100) MgO prior to deposition. PLAD deposition parameters were optimized to yield LSCO films with an RMS surface roughness of 40{endash}50 A. A smooth surface morphology was reproduced as long as the oxygen content of the LSCO target was preserved. Otherwise, {open_quote}{open_quote}splashing{close_quote}{close_quote} occurred which resulted in the transfer of condensed particles from molten spherical globules of LSCO from the target to the substrate. Splashing was subsequently eliminated and smooth surface quality was restored after annealing the LSCO target at 550{degree}C in oxygen for 3 h. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the LSCO{close_quote}s plume identified excited atomic cobalt neutrals, excited singly ionized strontium and lanthanum, and excited molecular LaO species. Oxygen interaction with the plume produced no new species. Furthermore, the OES data suggest that the observed LaO molecules were not created by the chemical reaction between La and O{sub 2} during ablation, but were ejected directly from the target during the PLAD process. {copyright} {ital 1996 Materials Research Society.}
Intakes of energy and macronutrients and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease of older men. Although the etiology remains unclear, nutritional factors may have an effect on the disease. OBJECTIVE Because the literature on the relations between macronutrient intakes and BPH risk is limited, we examined these relations among men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. DESIGN We followed men aged 40-75 y from baseline in 1986 to 1994. Total BPH cases (n = 3523) comprised men who reported BPH surgery (n = 1589) or who did not undergo surgery but scored 15-35 points on the lower urinary tract symptom questionnaire of the American Urological Association (n = 1934); non-cases were men who scored < or = 7 points (n = 24388). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The ORs rose with increasing total energy intake in a comparison of the highest and lowest quintiles for total BPH (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.45) and symptoms of BPH (1.43; 1.23, 1.66). Energy-adjusted total protein intake was positively associated with total BPH (1.18; 1.05, 1.33) and BPH surgery (1.26; 1.06, 1.49). Energy-adjusted total fat intake was not associated with risk of total BPH, but intakes of eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids were associated with a moderate increase in risk of total BPH. CONCLUSIONS We observed modest direct associations between BPH and intakes of total energy, protein, and specific long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Because eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids are highly unsaturated fatty acids, our findings support a possible role of oxidative stress in the etiology of BPH.
Simultaneous regulation of thin film surface mean slope and roughness for light trapping optimization using predictive control

This work focuses on the development of a model predictive control algorithm to simultaneously regulate the surface slope and roughness of a thin film growth process to optimize thin film light reflectance and transmittance. Specifically, a thin film deposition process modeled on a one-dimensional triangular lattice that involves two microscopic processes: an adsorption process and a migration process, is considered. Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) methods are used to simulate this thin film deposition process. To characterize the surface morphology and to evaluate the light trapping efficiency of the thin film, surface roughness and surface slope are introduced as the root mean squares of the surface height profile and surface slope profile. An Edwards-Wilkinson (EW)-type equation with appropriate computed parameters is used to describe the dynamics of the surface height profile and predict the evolution of the root-mean-square (rms) roughness and rms slope. A model predictive control algorithm is then developed on the basis of the EW equation model to regulate the rms slope and the rms roughness at desired levels by optimizing the substrate temperature at each sampling time. Closed-loop simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model predictive control algorithm in successfully regulating the rms slope and the rms roughness at desired levels that optimize thin film light reflectance and transmittance.
Mechanism of prostaglandin E2-induced increase of proximal sodium reabsorption in the rat

Prostaglandin E2, when infused directly into the renal interstitium, enhances sodium reabsorption by the superficial proximal convoluted tubules of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. The present study was designed to investigate the role of angiotensin II in the prostaglandin E2-induced stimulation of proximal sodium reabsorption. Micropuncture at the superficial late proximal tubule demonstrated a significant increase in the fractional reabsorption of sodium from 39.9 +/- 2.3% in control conditions to 51.8 +/- 3.0% (n = 9, P less than 0.01) during the renal interstitial infusion of prostaglandin E2. The stimulatory effect of prostaglandin E2 on proximal sodium reabsorption was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with saralasin. During intravenous saralasin infusion, prostaglandin E2 did not significantly change the fractional reabsorption of sodium from 42.2 +/- 5.8 to 45.4 +/- 6.0% (n = 7, NS). In summary, the stimulatory effect of renal interstitial infusion of prostaglandin E2 on proximal sodium reabsorption was attenuated by pretreatment with saralasin. Therefore renal interstitial infusion of prostaglandin E2 may enhance proximal sodium reabsorption, at least in part, through stimulation of angiotensin II production in the rat kidney.
Traveling Waves on Three-Dimensional Periodic Arrays of Two Different Alternating Magnetodielectric Spheres

An exact k-beta (dispersion) equation to within the dipole scattering approximation has been obtained for a 3D array of two different alternating magnetodielectric spheres. The dispersion equation has the form of equating to zero the determinant of a system of four homogeneous equations in the normalized scattered field coefficients. Computationally efficient expressions are obtained for the coefficients of the homogeneous equation system as functions of the sphere radii, permittivities, and permeabilities, the free-space electrical separation distance of the array elements (kd), and the electrical separation distance (betad) for the traveling wave supported by the array. For a given value of kd and an array of lossless scatterers the determinant equation can be solved for real betad by a simple search procedure. For an array of lossy scatterers betad is complex and a more difficult minimization in the complex plane is required to solve the determinant equation. The solution to the dispersion equation also yields values for the effective permittivity and permeability of the array regarded as a continuous medium. Computations were performed to investigate the performance of two-sphere arrays of lossless dielectric spheres, with the permittivities and radii of the two different dielectric spheres composing the array chosen so that the first magnetic dipole resonant frequency of one set of spheres equals the first electric dipole resonant frequency of the second set of spheres. Although it is shown that arrays composed of two different alternating purely dielectric spheres can behave as isotropic DNG media unlike arrays of identical dielectric spheres, the bandwidths are considerably narrower than those achievable with arrays of identical magnetodielectric spheres with appreciable permittivity and permeability close to each other. The practicality of using arrays of alternating two different purely dielectric spheres to fabricate DNG media depends on whether the narrow bandwidths are acceptable for the desired applications.