cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of human chorionic trophoblast cells and placental macrophages as stimulators of maternal lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.

Abstract Dispersed cell suspensions of human chorion membrane and placentae were obtained by enzyme digestion and the cells examined for HLA expression and for the ability to stimulate immune cell proliferation in vitro. Chorion cells with the characteristics of trophoblast were HLA-A, B, C and Ia negative following tissue digestion whereas placental cells, primarily FcγR positive macrophages, were HLA-A, B, C positive and were frequently Ia positive. When chorion and placental cell suspensions were used as stimulator cells in one-way mixed cell cultures (MCC) with maternal mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) as responder cells, chorion cells were not normally stimulatory (mean stimulation index (SI), 2.7) whereas placental cells usually were (mean SI, 11.5). No evidence for active suppression by chlorion cells was obtained in a group of experiments designed to detect suppressive activity. The results support the concept of the trophoblast layer as an immunologically inert barrier between the mother and the fetus.
Horizontal Mergers with Free-Entry: Why Cost Efficiencies May Be a Poor Defense and Asset Sales a Poor Remedy

I analyze the effects of a merger between two firms in a differentiated-goods duopoly. I make the crucial assumption that the industry is at a free-entry equilibrium both before and after the merger. In particular, I allow for the possibility of entry subsequent to the merger. Not surprisingly, this possibility improves the effect of the merger on consumer welfare. In fact, for reasonable parameter values, I show that consumer welfare may actually increase as a result of the merger. More importantly, I show that post-merger entry dramatically shifts the perspective on cost efficiencies as a merger defense and asset sales as a remedy. Post-merger consumer welfare may be lower when the efficiencies generated by the merger (lower marginal cost) are greater. The reason is that greater efficiency gains decrease the probability of post-merger entry to an extent that may outweigh the beneficial effects from cost-savings passed on to consumers. Likewise, by selling stores to their rival, merging firms effectively "buy off" the potential entrant, that is, dissuade it from opening new stores, an effect that is detrimental to consumers.
Same Day Discharge After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Same-day percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a reality with modern interventional equipment and pharmaceutical agents. Elective PCI is rarely an inpatient procedure and is now predominantly considered an outpatient procedure. Approaches to safely manage elective patients through same-day PCI have been well described in the literature and demonstrate no safety signal compared with overnight monitoring in the elective patient. With the costs of elective PCI being time dependent in comparison to fixed reimbursement of outpatient care, the efficiencies to bed utilization offered by same-day PCI make this attractive from an efficiency view point. Patient satisfaction improves with same-day discharge. The potential for cost-efficient care can only be maximized if health care providers view this shift to outpatient PCI care as an impetus to improve the whole care process rather than an administrative change with no effect on actual patient care. Same-day PCI is effective and can be integrated into modern health care.
Writing In-between Life and Death: Contemplation as Death Ritual in Michael Ondaatje's "Death at Kataragama"

Michael Ondaatje's collection of poetry, Handwriting, uses writing as a metaphor for Sri Lanka's pre-alphabetic, multi-modal forms of writing, thought, and culture that have disintegrated during Sri Lanka's long and ongoing history of colonial contact. One prose poem in the collection, "Death at Kataragama," presents a speaker pondering life lived between two cultures as well as death and the removal from human form. Kataragama, being both a god and city, both a metaphysical space and a physical place, defines a struggle between a self located in multiple cultural identities, but also within the space of physical/metaphysical conflict. In the poem, the conflict of the physical and metaphysical forces the speaker to contemplate a cultural identity that is between cultures. Thus, the contemplation of and writing about cultural longing and belonging are complicit in spirituality and preparation for death, suggesting that the subject's reflection on multiple cultural identities and the subject's concomitant alienation and conflict can add meaning to life, rather than simply alienate one from essential matters. In "Death at Kataragama," the contemplation of death, direct commentary on the passing from the physical to the metaphysical, allows the speaker to use personal examination of multiple cultural identities as the central concern in finding the meaning of one's life, and to use this contemplation on identity and the writing of it into poetic form as a ritual in preparation of death.
Three-dimensional analysis of the dendritic domains of on- and off-cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla.

The rostral ventromedial medulla contains two classes of physiologically defined neurons, on-cells and off-cells, that are implicated in nociceptive modulation. In a continuing effort to detail the neural circuitry that underlies the activity of these two distinct neuronal types, the three-dimensional somatodendritic morphology of on- and off-cells was studied in the cat and the rat. Following physiological characterization with intracellular recording, on- and off-cells were injected with horseradish peroxidase and sectioned in the coronal plane. Their somatodendritic arborizations were reconstructed with the aid of a computerized three-dimensional reconstruction program. There were no differences between on- and off-cells in any somatodendritic feature analyzed. On- and off-cells possess dendritic arbors that are elongated in the mediolateral axis relative to the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal axes. In the rat, the average dendritic extent was more than 1,400 μm mediolaterally but only about 800 μm in either the dorsoventral or rostrocaudal axis. All somatic and dendritic measures were greater for both cat cells than for any rat neuron. Dendrites and their tips were located predominantly in regions lateral to the soma. The center of total dendritic length was usally located within 150 μm of the soma, most frequently ventral and lateral to the soma. The present results demonstrate that the dendritic domains of neurons in the nuclei raphe magnus and reticularis paragigantocellularis pars alpha are not contained within cytoarchitechtonic boundaries. On- and off-cell dendrites are interdigitated throughtout the mediolateral extent of the rostral ventromedial medulla. Since on- and off-cell dendritic domains occupy a restricted rostrocaudal plane, afferents to the rostral ventromedial medulla that are confined to a single coronal plane and those that collateralize at several levels are likely to play different roles in the control of on-and off-cell activity. © 1993 Wiley-Liss,Inc.
The Great Right: Habeas Corpus

We are in the midst of an uneasy period for liberty, with a President curtailing our liberties while invading Iraq to spread “the freedom agenda.” It is a period both paradoxical and frightening. For those whose country has been invaded? A fiasco leaving law and liberty there both chimeras. For us? Wiretapping without a warrant, refusing citizens entry into the country, denying citizens the writ of habeas corpus—the list is long. The Constitutional terrain we were in has been transformed, its familiar landmarks altered as though by an earthquake. Of greatest concern is the failure to abide by the Constitution’s requirement that the “privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended.” The writ is a judicial order directing officials holding someone prisoner to bring the prisoner before the court so the court can determine whether the prisoner is being unlawfully held because of a legal or a factual error. The writ requires that a court, an authority independent of those doing the detaining, deem sufficient the reasons for detaining that person. The writ is thus a bulwark against arbitrary imprisonment. Its suspension allows a government to detain anyone indefinitely, without charging the person with any crime, leaving the person without any recourse—helpless in the face of the government’s power. We might have thought it a settled matter of law that American citizens may invoke the writ of habeas corpus if detained by federal authorities unless “Rebellion or Invasion” require its suspension for public safety. Yet the matter has become unsettled, and will remain unsettled, even should the Supreme Court decide that the President lacks the authority to deny American citizens the writ. Court decisions contain their conditions, waiting to be exploited, opening new lines of attack even as they settle others.
Why Target Immune Cells for Plasma Treatment of Cancer

This paper addresses the challenge of using non-equilibrium plasma as a therapeutic approach for diseases of body systems not readily accessible to plasma-generated factors. The role of plasma stimulation of the immune system is discussed as a conceivable mechanism to deliver effects. This is especially important for treatment of cancers since the pathogenesis and progression of cancers are directly influenced by immune function. By optimizing plasma parameters to induce immunogenic cell death in tumors locally, it is possible to trigger specific, protective immune responses systemically. The observations from in vitro and in vivo investigations on this subject are reviewed here. An in depth understanding of the interaction between plasma components and the cells of the immune system may provide necessary information for use of plasmas in treatment of many systemic diseases. The clinical implications of treating cancers with non-equilibrium plasma are considered. The paper also identifies some hurdles that must be overcome before plasma immunotherapy becomes a clinical reality.
Spreading of lithium on a stainless steel surface at room temperature

Abstract Lithium conditioned plasma facing surfaces have lowered recycling and enhanced plasma performance on many fusion devices and liquid lithium plasma facing components are under consideration for future machines. A key factor in the performance of liquid lithium components is the wetting by lithium of its container. We have observed the surface spreading of lithium from a mm-scale particle to adjacent stainless steel surfaces using a scanning Auger microprobe that has elemental discrimination. The spreading of lithium occurred at room temperature (when lithium is a solid) from one location at a speed of 0.62 μm/day under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Separate experiments using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) investigated bonding energetics between monolayer-scale films of lithium and stainless steel. While multilayer lithium desorption from stainless steel begins to occur just above 500 K (Edes = 1.54 eV), sub-monolayer Li desorption occurred in a TPD peak at 942 K (Edes = 2.52 eV) indicating more energetically favorable lithium-stainless steel bonding (in the absence of an oxidation layer) than lithium–lithium bonding.
Loss of PTEN Promotes Resistance to T Cell–Mediated Immunotherapy

T cell–mediated immunotherapies are promising cancer treatments. However, most patients still fail to respond to these therapies. The molecular determinants of immune resistance are poorly understood. We show that loss of PTEN in tumor cells in preclinical models of melanoma inhibits T cell–mediated tumor killing and decreases T-cell trafficking into tumors. In patients, PTEN loss correlates with decreased T-cell infiltration at tumor sites, reduced likelihood of successful T-cell expansion from resected tumors, and inferior outcomes with PD-1 inhibitor therapy. PTEN loss in tumor cells increased the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines, resulting in decreased T-cell infiltration in tumors, and inhibited autophagy, which decreased T cell–mediated cell death. Treatment with a selective PI3Kβ inhibitor improved the efficacy of both anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 antibodies in murine models. Together, these findings demonstrate that PTEN loss promotes immune resistance and support the rationale to explore combinations of immunotherapies and PI3K–AKT pathway inhibitors. Significance: This study adds to the growing evidence that oncogenic pathways in tumors can promote resistance to the antitumor immune response. As PTEN loss and PI3K–AKT pathway activation occur in multiple tumor types, the results support the rationale to further evaluate combinatorial strategies targeting the PI3K–AKT pathway to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. Cancer Discov; 6(2); 202–16. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Rizvi and Chan, [p. 128][1] . This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, [p. 109][2] [1]: /lookup/volpage/6/128?iss=2 [2]: /lookup/volpage/6/109?iss=2
The Financial Inability Defense to Tax Crimes

Your client files an income tax return correctly stating her tax liability, but she does not pay the reported liability. Usually, this is a civil matter, implicating the failure-to-pay penalty of section 665l(a)(2). In aggravated circumstances, it can become criminal under either section 7201 or section 7203.
A watershed moment for African human rights: Mtikila & Others v Tanzania at the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

This article examines the case of Mtikila & Others v Tanzania before the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. The application centres on Tanzania's prohibition on independent candidates running for public office, with the applicants alleging that this prohibition violates article 2 (freedom from discrimination), article 10 (freedom of association) and article 13(1) (the right to participate in government) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. The case is the first to be decided on its merits at the African Court, the first to find in favour of the applicants and the first to consider the issue of reparations and damages. The article examines the arguments of both the applicants and Tanzania, including Tanzania's reliance on the 'claw-back' provisions found in articles 27(2) and 29(4) of the African Charter, before assessing and analysing the African Court's findings. The article highlights the African Court's findings that are likely to require further clarification in the future, as well as the possible precedents that the findings set. The article concludes by stating that, while the African Court should be commended for the delivery of its first judgment on the merits, Tanzania's approach to the judgment could be indicative of difficulties the African Court will encounter as it enters an era of judgment compliance by member states.
Optimization of Ultrasound Method for Extraction of Apple Seed Oil

Using apple seed as material and Soxhlet extraction as control,the extraction of apple seed oil using ultrasonic sound was applied.The effect of extraction power,time,temperature,solvent volume and comminuted size on oil extraction was studied using ultrasound method.The result showed that the highest extraction oil rate could be obtained under the optimized conditions,the optimized conditions were:comminuted apple seed size 50 mesh,temperature 45 ℃,solvent /material 7:1(mL/g),ultrasound power 400 W and extraction time 30 min.The oil were mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic acid,oleic acid and palmitic acid being the major fatty acids.The three fatty acids accounted for 93 % of all the fatty acids combined.
A Multiple Criteria Decision Making Method Based on Incomplete Weight Information

With respect to multiple criteria decision-making problems with incomplete weight information,a TOPSIS analysis method is proposed.In this paper,firstly,the multiple criteria decision-making problem with incomplete weight information is introduced.Then,based on the traditional TOPSIS method,calculation steps for solving multiple criteria decision-making problems with incomplete weight information are given.In the method,a quadratic programming model is constructed to determine deviation values between every alternative and positive ideal point or negative ideal point.According to the deviation,closeness is calculated to rank alternatives.Finally,a numerical example is used to illustrate the use of the proposed method.
Target–object integration, attention distribution, and object orientation interactively modulate object-based selection

The representational basis of attentional selection can be object-based. Various studies have suggested, however, that object-based selection is less robust than spatial selection across experimental paradigms. We sought to examine the manner by which the following factors might explain this variation: Target-Object Integration (targets 'on' vs. part 'of' an object), Attention Distribution (narrow vs. wide), and Object Orientation (horizontal vs. vertical). In Experiment 1, participants discriminated between two targets presented 'on' an object in one session, or presented as a change 'of' an object in another session. There was no spatial cue-thus, attention was initially focused widely-and the objects were horizontal or vertical. We found evidence of object-based selection only when targets constituted a change 'of' an object. Additionally, object orientation modulated the sign of object-based selection: We observed a same-object advantage for horizontal objects, but a same-object cost for vertical objects. In Experiment 2, an informative cue preceded a single target presented 'on' an object or as a change 'of' an object (thus, attention was initially focused narrowly). Unlike in Experiment 1, we found evidence of object-based selection independent of target-object integration. We again found that the sign of selection was modulated by the objects' orientation. This result may reflect a meridian effect, which emerged due to anisotropies in the cortical representations when attention is oriented endogenously. Experiment 3 revealed that object orientation did not modulate object-based selection when attention was oriented exogenously. Our findings suggest that target-object integration, attention distribution, and object orientation modulate object-based selection, but only in combination.
High-throughput screening assays to identify small molecules preventing photoreceptor degeneration caused by the rhodopsin P23H mutation.

Abstract High-throughput screening (HTS) is one of the major techniques for discovering promising molecules for drug development. Rhodopsin mutations cause the most common autosomal dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited retinal degenerative disease that currently has no effective treatment. To find an optimal pharmacological treatment for rhodopsin-associated retinitis pigmentosa, we performed two cell-based HTSs with mammalian cells expressing the P23H rod opsin mutant and identified two sets of novel compounds for further validation and characterization. The first HTS screen identified pharmacological chaperones of P23H opsin that increased its translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. The second HTS screen selected small molecules that enhanced the clearance of the mutant opsin while vision could be sustained by the healthy gene allele expressing wild-type rhodopsin. Here we describe the methodology of these two HTS assays in detail.
Treatment of hirsutism with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and estrogen replacement therapy*

Objective To determine the efficacy of treatment of significant hirsutism with a GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) and estrogen and progestin replacement therapy. Design Clinical series. Setting Ambulatory gynecology clinic in a community hospital. Patients Ten women with significant hirsutism caused by polycystic ovarian disease. Interventions The patients were treated with leuprolide acetate 20 μ g/kg per day in combination with E 2 (2 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg) for 6 months. Main Outcome Measure Hirsutism scores and hair growth rates determined before and upon completion of treatment protocol. Results Hirsutism scores and hair growth rates significantly decreased by 23% and 26%, respectively. The duration of hirsutism was the only significant covariate for hirsutism scores and hair growth rates. Only two patients had minimal, irregular bleeding that was corrected by increasing the estrogen dose. Conclusion The combination of a GnRH-a and estrogen replacement therapy was an effective and well-tolerated treatment in a small group of women with significant hirsutism caused by PCOD.
The Mind-Body Connection: Is Stress Important?

As the decades have gone by, the role of stress and mental stability in a patient’s life and the role that stress may play in a patient with lower back pain have become increasingly evident as a factor to always remember to consider. Dr. John Sarno did not invent the idea of somatization of stress as pain, but he certainly did a lot to popularize it and bring it to the awareness of patients and physicians alike. With his wildly popular book, The Mind-Body Connection, he introduced to the general population the concept (that he terms “tension myositis syndrome” or “TMS”) that emotional stress can and often does become realized as physical pain.
GABA and neuropsychiatric disorders.

During the past decade a number of reports have appeared suggesting that alterations in GABAergic transmission may play a role in the symptoms of a variety of neurosychiatric disorders (Enna, 1980; Enna and Maggi, 1979). In the present communication, some of the evidence supporting this contention will be briefly summarized and reviewed.
Reduced Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism for Increased Longevity, Exercise and Heart Failure Protection with Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Inhibition

One common mechanism mediating longevity and healthful aging is the protection against oxidative stress. Most serious diseases that limit aging, in general, and healthful aging, in particular, are linked to increased oxidative stress and increased sympathetic stimulation. Conversely, inhibition of sympathetic tone at any level in the β-adrenergic receptor/adenylyl cyclase/G-protein signaling pathway is a major mechanism protecting against oxidative stress. Disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5), one of the two major isoforms of AC in the heart, protects against oxidative stress resulting in enhanced longevity and more importantly healthful aging as exemplified by increased exercise performance, and protection against diabetes, obesity, cardiomyopathy and cancer, all related to oxidative stress. Despite the overwhelming evidence in animal models that increased oxidative stress is a major mechanism in limiting healthful aging, disappointing clinical trials have impaired the translation to patients. Inhibition of AC5 is a potential novel therapeutic modality, since it extends longevity and protects against diabetes, obesity, cardiomyopathy and cancer, while improving exercise tolerance, with all having an oxidative stress component.
Professionalism vs. Public Service Motivation: Can Public Administration Education Alleviate the Tension?

Prior research has documented pernicious effects of professional education on prosocial and public service motivations. Considering the centrality of these values for public administration education—also increasingly professionalized—it is vital to understand the effect undergoing such training has on future public servants. Based on a historical review of the emergence of professionalism, with special emphasis on the Weberian conceptions of rationalization, we develop hypotheses regarding the likely effect of M.P.A. education on students’ public service motivation and leadership styles, and test them using data from surveys completed by students before beginning and after graduating from a Master of Public Administration program. The effects on leadership styles are consistent with the aspirations of M.P.A. programs; however, the effects on public service motivation are mixed, and largely congruent with the literature on the effects of professional education on prosocial and service motivations, and not ...
Informativeness of diagnostic marker values and the impact of data grouping

Assessing performance of diagnostic markers is a necessary step for their use in decision making regarding various conditions of interest in diagnostic medicine and other fields. Globally useful markers could, however, have ranges of values that are “diagnostically non-informative”. This paper demonstrates that the presence of marker values from diagnostically non-informative ranges could lead to a loss in statistical efficiency during nonparametric evaluation and shows that grouping non-informative values provides a natural resolution to this problem. These points are theoretically proven and an extensive simulation study is conducted to illustrate the possible benefits of using grouped marker values in a number of practically reasonable scenarios. The results contradict the common conjecture regarding the detrimental effect of grouped marker values during performance assessments. Specifically, contrary to the common assumption that grouped marker values lead to bias, grouping non-informative values does not introduce bias and could substantially reduce sampling variability. The proven concept that grouped marker values could be statistically beneficial without detrimental consequences implies that in practice, tied values do not always require resolution whereas the use of continuous diagnostic results without addressing diagnostically non-informative ranges could be statistically detrimental. Based on these findings, more efficient methods for evaluating diagnostic markers could be developed.
Enhancing project management course outcomes using an experiential learning approach

Project management skills have become increasingly important for information systems (IS) professionals. Like most skills, project management skills are developed through practice. This paper describes an innovative solution for integrating a structured project into an information systems curriculum project management course. The innovation applies best practices drawn from the experiential learning literature to the design of a course project. Our solution enhances students' project management knowledge and provides opportunities to apply that knowledge to develop project management skills. The paper presents the underlying theory, describes how that theory is incorporated in the project, provides and discusses the actual project so that others may use it as-is or adapt it to their courses, presents excerpts of students' reactions and concludes with several suggestions from the authors.
Confidence Levels for Empirical Research Using Twitter Data

Concerns of a "reproducibility crisis" in scientific research have become increasingly prevalent. The field of meta science - the scientific study of science itself - is thriving and has examined the existence and prevalence of threats to reproducible and robust research in designed experiments or surveys. Nonetheless, largely missing are replication efforts devoted to examining empirical studies with "organic data" - e.g., data organically generated by ubiquitous sensors or mobile applications, twitter feeds, click streams, etc. Given the growing popularity of using Twitter as the source of research data in psychology, we must take proper care of the data handling process if Twitter as a data source is to be a robust, reliable, and reproducible endeavor into the future. Our research studies scholarly publications in psychology to establish the confidence (or the lack thereof) in their handling practices of Twitter data.
The Process of Collaborative Concept Mapping in Kindergarten and the Effect on Critical Thinking Skills

To develop and nurture critical thinking, students must have opportunities to observe and practice critical thinking in the classroom. In this parallel mixed method classroom study, we investigate the role of collaborative concept mapping in the development of kindergarten learners’ critical thinking skills of analysis and interpretation over a five week period. Learners had two large group experiences and three dyad experiences of collaborative concept mapping. Results showed significant increases in critical thinking skills in the five week period when learners engaged in collaborative concept mapping supported by mentorship, discussion, and real-life scenarios. We propose collaborative concept mapping as an instructional strategy to develop critical thinking skills in the kindergarten classroom. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Laparoscopic Surgical Training: Effectiveness and Impact on Urological Surgical Practice Patterns

AbstractUrological interest in laparoscopic surgical techniques has dramatically increased during the last several years. However, the extent to which these methods are being used and the impact of training courses on clinical use are unclear. We assessed urologist practice patterns subsequent to a formal training course in urological laparoscopic surgery.On 5 dates between January and October 1991, a total of 163 urologists participated in a 2-day, university sponsored, laparoscopic surgery training seminar. Instruction consisted of 8hours of didactic lectures including 2 live video cases, 4.5hours of simulation and 4.5hours in a live animal laboratory. Three months after the course the participants were mailed a questionnaire inquiring as to the interval laparoscopic surgery experience. Practice demographics, additional training, equipment availability, number of laparoscopic surgery candidates identified, percentage of overall surgical case load, patient inquiries, cases performed and complications wer...
Electron Spin Echo Methods in Photosynthesis Research

Electron spin echo methods allow photosynthesis researchers to probe the local structure of paramagnetic transition metal and organic radical centers. In particular the electron spin echo methods of electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) and electron spin echo — electron nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) are used to measure nuclear spin transitions of magnetic nuclei of, and in the vicinity of, paramagnetic species. The resulting magnetic hyperfine and electric quadrupolar parameters can be interpreted to give insights into the structure of a complex andits interaction with the neighboring protein matrix and molecules bound as substrates or inhibitors.
Arbeit Macht Frei

Yes I will tell you what I know Not just what I saw What I saw through Remember I am an ignorant man For six years I learned nothing Well, not nothing Reading was the Jewish crime Against the state and Thinking was Against the order Of the universe Once they beat a man He could have been young You could no longer tell The young from the old When they found him reading In French, mind you They beat this man to death One of the guards A stately Viennese Humming waltzes Made a little Joke About the Jewish trinity ? Freud the father Marx the son And Einstein The holy ghost He promised us:
The R. A. Fisher—Sewall Wright Controversy

The intense controversy between R. A. Fisher and Sewall Wright, which lasted from 1929 until Fisher’s death in 1962, was both highly visible ana very influential in modern evolutionary biology. The controversy between Fisher and Wright has had a more fundamental and lasting impact upon evolutionary biology than any other controversy or rivalry in this century. Indeed, the controversy did not end with Fisher’s death. Since 1962, Wright has produced a steady stream of papers and his four volume Evolution and the Genetics of Populations (1968, 1969, 1977, 1978a) in which he constantly contrasts his interpretations with those of Fisher. Many others have joined the battle on both sides.
Los hongos en la salud y la enfermedad II. Dermatomicosis y dermatofitosis comunes

En este apunte se describen los principales agentes de dermatomicosis y dermatofitosis, los sintomas y signos, la forma de realizar el diagnostico y tratamiento. Se actualiza sobre el reordenamiento taxonomico propuesto para los dermatofitos, donde se abandono la clsificacion de tres generos por una de nueve. Tambien se revisan las infecciones mas frecuentes provocadas por levaduras del genero Candida y Malassezia .
Virtual screening of small-molecule libraries

Abstract Virtual screening is a computational strategy used in drug discovery research to identify active small molecules against a certain biological target from a large chemical library. It typically consists of a cascade of steps to narrow down a set of hits with potential biological activities from a large small-molecule library. Virtual screening methods can be divided into two broad categories: (1) structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) and (2) ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS). SBVS methods utilize target structure information to identify molecules that fit into the binding site of the target structure. It is also named docking-based virtual screening because it uses molecular docking as the core technology. LBVS methods utilize a set of active ligands to identify similar compounds based on certain measurements. In contrast, the LBVS methods directly search a small-molecule library with a set of molecules that known activities. According to the molecular representation, the LBVS methods can be grouped as two–dimensional (2D) fingerprint similarity searching pharmacophore matching and three-dimensional (3D) shape screening. In this work, we introduced the methodology and implementations of both SBVS and LBVS and small-molecular libraries that are widely used in the field, as well as the issues and challenges facing the virtual screening campaigns.
News Coverage of pediatric injury research: maternal understanding and engagement

Background: Our objective was to examine mothers’ engagement with news coverage of pediatric injury research to inform effective mass communication of research findings that are crucial to enhancin...
Characterization of Dirt Holding Capacity of Microfiber-Based Filter Media Using Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy

With the development of new classes of high-speed vessels like LCAC, which are expected to ingest high amounts of salt particulates, it is of vital importance to develop a new class of filtration m...
Cube-free resonance graphs

Abstract Let G be a plane elementary bipartite graph with more than two vertices. Then its resonance graph Z ( G ) is a median graph and the set M ( G ) of all perfect matchings of G with a specific partial order is a finite distributive lattice. In this paper, we prove that Z ( G ) is cube-free if and only if it can be obtained from an edge by a sequence of convex path expansions with respect to a reducible face decomposition of G . As a corollary, a structure characterization is provided for G whose Z ( G ) is cube-free. Furthermore, Z ( G ) is cube-free if and only if the Clar number of G is at most two, and sharp lower bounds on the number of perfect matchings of G can be expressed by the number of finite faces of G and the number of Clar formulas of G . It is known that a cube-free median graph is not necessarily planar. Using the lattice structure on M ( G ) , we show that Z ( G ) is cube-free if and only if Z ( G ) is planar if and only if M ( G ) is an irreducible sublattice of m × n . We raise a question on how to characterize irreducible sublattices of m × n that are M ( G ) .
Sign Evaluation and Compliance Under Mortality Salience: Lessons from a Pandemic

This article examines sign communication effectiveness in the context of COVID-19 pandemic-related signs that promote behavioral changes. A program of four experiments assessed the influence of mortality salience on responses to signs promoting frequent handwashing (Study 1), restricted shopping hours for vulnerable groups (Study 2), maintaining physical distance (Study 3), and mask wearing (Study 4). Findings support a conceptual model proposing a serial mediation process whereby mortality cues trigger a chain of events (feelings and thoughts) that ultimately shape evaluations of and intentions to comply with signs. Findings offer evidencebased guidelines for effective signage communication.
Measured and satellite-derived albedo data for estimating bifacial photovoltaic system performance

Abstract The albedo of the ground surface is an important factor in the cost-effectiveness of a bifacial photovoltaic (PV) system. To improve the availability of reliable albedo data, datasets of ground albedo and associated meteorological data were developed by using existing measurement network data and data measured by the PV industry. The measured datasets include time-series data as well as summary information of tabular monthly and yearly data and plots of monthly and hourly albedo values. Satellite-derived values of albedo are available from the National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB). The NSRDB albedos were compared to the measured albedos for Surface Radiation budget (SURFRAD) network locations for the period 2001–2017, and the mean bias difference results were from −0.044 to +0.056. These differences are greater than the albedo measurement uncertainty of ±0.02; consequently, the NSRDB albedos should be used with caution for estimating the performance of bifacial PV systems. Differences between SURFRAD and NSRDB albedos are attributed to the NSRDB method for determining albedo and to the ground surfaces within the NSRDB 4 km spatial resolution pixel consisting of a mixture of surface types rather than just the single surface types viewed by the albedometers at the SURFRAD stations.
A Graph-based Approach for Representing, Comparing, and Classifying Integer Programs

It has long been observed that model structure may play an important role in determining the effectiveness of certain solution techniques to mixed integer linear programs (MILPs). One implication is that solution techniques that work well for one class of MILP are often found to be effective on other “similar” problems. Despite the potential benefits, there is limited research in the area of recognizing similarity among MILPs. This paper seeks to address this gap by presenting a framework for classifying and comparing instances of MILPs, based on their mathematical structure. A new graph-based representation of MILPs is proposed, where decision variables and constraints are described by nodes, and arcs denote the presence of decision variables in certain constraints. Inspired by recent advances in the area of deep learning for graph-structured data, two methods of leveraging the MILP graph representations for classification and comparison are provided. In the first relational approach, a graph convolutional network (GCN) is employed to classify these so-called MILP graphs as having come from one of a known number of problem types. The second approach makes use of latent features learned by the GCN to compare graphs to one another directly. As part of the latter approach, we introduce a formal measure of graph-based structural similarity. Empirical studies indicate that both the classification and comparison procedures perform well on a test set. Additional properties of MILP graphs are also explored through a series of case studies.
Association Between Anesthesia Delivered During Tumor Resection and Cancer Survival: a Systematic Review of a Mixed Picture with Constant Themes.

Surgery is required for cure of most solid tumors, and general anesthesia is required for most cancer surgery. The vast majority of cancer surgery is facilitated by general anesthesia using volatile inhalational agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane. Only recently have the immunologic and oncologic effect of inhalational agents, and their alternative, propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), come under investigation. Between January 2019 and June 2020, English language articles on PubMed were searched for the keywords “Propofol” “TIVA” or “IV anesthesia” and either “cancer surgery” or “surgical oncology.” Duplicates were removes, manuscripts classified as either in vitro, animal, translational, or clinical studies, and their results summarized within these categories. In-vitro and translational data suggest that inhalational anesthetics are potent immunosuppressive and tumorigenic agents that promote metastasis, while propofol is anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and prevents metastasis development. Clinically there is a recurring association, based largely on retrospective, single institution series, that TIVA is associated with significant improvements in disease-free interval and overall survival in a number of, but not all, solid tumors. The longer the surgery is, the more intense the surgical trauma is, the more aggressive the malignancy is, and the higher likelihood of an association is. Prospective randomized trials, coupled with basic science and translational studies, are needed to further define this association.
Abstract 1923: Modulation of apoptosis in glioblastoma U87-MG cancer cells by aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum

Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) has been used in anthroposophic medicine to treat “hyperactivity diseases” such as tocolytic symptom and overactive bladder syndrome since the beginning of 20th century with no side effect. Its major secondary metabolites include bufadienolides, flavonoids, triterpenes, and steroids. BP has been widely used in tropical regions as traditional medicine. It is reported to have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, wound healing, cytotoxic, and antitumor promoting activities. Glioblastoma is an aggressive and lethal tumor of the brain with few treatment options. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of BP on the induction and modulation of apoptosis in glioblastoma U87-MG cells were assessed using the green/red/blue fluorescent Apoptosis/Necrosis Detection Kit and the Human Apoptosis Antibody Array - Membrane (43 Targets) test by the Abcam cooperation. Our data revealed that 3-hours of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL BP treatment induced statistically similar amounts of apoptosis observed as green apoptotic cells and red necrotic cells in U87-MG cells respectively (apoptotic cells = 86.0 ± 6%, necrotic cells = 14.0 ± 6.0% ; apoptotic cells = 85.0 ± 4.0% , necrotic cells = 14.5 ± 3.5%). The percent of apoptosis was not significantly different as compared to that of the positive control induced by 1µMol Staurosporine (94.5 ± 0.5%, 5.5 ± 0.5%); while significantly different from the negative control which had none apoptotic cells. Slightly less induction of apoptosis was obtained from 6-hours of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL BP treatment with more necrotic cells (81.5 ± 2.5%, 18.5 ± 2.5%; 78.0 ± 3.0%, 21.5 ± 2.5% respectively). Modulation of various apoptosis markers such as up-regulation of Bax, p53, Caspase 3; and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-w was also observed. These results suggest that BP contains phytochemicals which induce apoptosis in glioblastoma U87-MG cells by modulating these apoptotic pathway markers. Further study of the specific modulation effects of BP on apoptosis is warranted to reveal its potential chemopreventive and therapeutic properties against glioblastoma and other cancers. Citation Format: Kristin Ferrer, Joshua Li, Camille Kordas, Jasmine Cha, Sung Been Han, Joon Seo, Nathaly Manrique, Min Seo Kang, Yi Shan Jin, Si Won Choi, Ben Hiramoto, Denise Smith, Brian Yuen Wong. Modulation of apoptosis in glioblastoma U87-MG cancer cells by aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1923.
A History of English Reflexive Pronouns: Person, Self, and Interpretability

This book brings together a number of seemingly distinct phenomena in the history of English: the introduction of special reflexive pronouns (e.g. myself), the loss of verbal agreement and pro-drop, and the disappearance of morphological Case. It provides vast numbers of examples from Old and Middle English texts showing a person split between first, second, and third person pronouns. Extending an analysis by Reinhart & Reuland, the author argues that the ‘strength’ of certain pronominal features (Case, person, number) differs cross-linguistically and that parametric variation accounts for the changes in English. The framework used is Minimalist, and Interpretable and Uninterpretable features are seen as the key to explaining the change from a synthetic to an analytic language.
Adapting the Stratagem: Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer

Had Oliver Goldsmith retained the title proposed by Sir Joshua Reynolds for his most famous play, audiences and readers might have realized how much he borrowed from one of the favorites of the Lon...
Message Theory and the Semantics of Dialogue

Message theory is concerned with directed messages, the messages that are the units of rational communication. In this paper we present an introductory sketch of message theory and show to what extent it can provide a semantics for dialogue. At first glance it might appear from the description given below that message theory provides only for the semantics, and indeed only for a few of the extensional aspects of the semantics. It should become clear, however, that the message-theoretic framework provides for many possibilities beyond those explicitly mentioned in this paper — possibilities for both the semantics and the pragmatics of dialogue.
Looking for Humanistic Stories: John Steinbeck as Field Ethnographer

Two passages in an interview Steinbeck gave the Los Angeles Times on July 9, 1939, provide a good starting point for considering him as a field ethnographer. The first is a bristling response to a question about some facts that had been disputed in his recently published novel, The Grapes of Wrath: "Listen, I know what I'm talking about," he said. "I lived, on and off, with those Okies for the last three years. And anyone who tries to refute me here is just going to make himself appear ridiculous." The second passage concerns the writer's place in society:
Crystal structure of a bifunctional transformylase and cyclohydrolase enzyme in purine biosynthesis.

Crystal structure of a bifunctional transformylase and cyclohydrolase enzyme in purine biosynthesis
Control of the American dog tick,Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acarina: Ixodidae)

In a 4 ha area, of which 1/3 was meadow vole habitat, the old vole runways were spot treated in early spring with a 1% spray of flowable Sevin® 4F (42% AI) on ca 4 m centers. New runways, as noted, were treated in June. The application averaged 60 ml of Sevin® 4F/ha. The spring adult cohort ofDermacentor variabilis was <10% of that usually expected. These adults had been exposed to this treatment the previous year as spring larvae and summer nymphs. The reduction of the adult population occurred in a season of heavy infestation.