cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CO-metal interaction in the presence of potassium: a site potential effect

Abstract A basic two-level interaction model is used for a general classification of adsorbate-surface orbital mixing. Following a review of the relevant electronic energy levels in an elementary CO-metal surface system, the effect on these levels of potassium adatoms is discussed. Specifically, the changes are largely attributed to a change of the outer surface electrostatic potential induced by the surface alkali. This alters the appropriate reference levels for the unperturbed CO moleculer orbitals, decreasing the energy separation between the CO 2π ∗ orbital and the interacting surface bands, and hence increasing their interaction (mixing). Qualitative agreement is found between experimental observations and the effects this model predicts for the CO-metal interactions in the presence of varying amounts of alkali adatoms.
The effect of cataract extraction on intraocular pressure.

Purpose of review To examine the current literature covering the long-term effect of cataract extraction on intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent findings As a result of the high rate of cataract surgery, the impact on IOP continues to be the subject of multiple studies in different populations. Recent publications include those that distinguish patients with open angles from those with more narrow angles, as well as prospective analyses that address the impact of regression to the mean and other types of bias on the effect of postoperative IOP lowering. Summary There are sufficient data to suggest that cataract surgery provides a lowering effect on IOP in the long term. This effect appears to be proportional to preoperative IOP. Eyes with higher preoperative IOP have the greatest average lowering, whereas eyes with IOP in the lower range of statistically normal tend to have an IOP that is unchanged from baseline or even higher following cataract surgery. In patients with narrow angles, the IOP-lowering effect appears to also be proportional to the degree of anterior chamber deepening induced by cataract surgery.
Comparison of behavioral activity in two apparatus for food-deprived mice

Behavioral arousal induced by food deprivation is well documented for rats tested in activity wheels, but activity levels may vary considerably for other species and when testing is done in other types of apparatus. The present study compared behavioral activity of ad-lib and food-deprived mice, as few studies have examined the effects of food deprivation in this species. Separate groups were tested continuously in activity wheels or 2 h daily in shuttle cages. Deprivation increased behavioral activity in both apparatus. The daily 2-h shuttle cage test proved to be a reliable and economical measure of deprivation-induced behavioral arousal in mice.
A comparison of the early development of ischemic brain damage in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats using magnetic resonance imaging.

The early evolution of ischemic brain injury under normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic plasma conditions was studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), or 1-h MCAO followed by reperfusion using the intraluminal suture insertion method. The animals were divided into four groups each with eight rats: normoglycemia with permanent MCAO, normoglycemia with 1-h MCAO, hyperglycemia with permanent MCAO, and hyperglycemia with 1-h MCAO. Diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) and T2-weighted images (T2WIs) were aquired every l h from 20 min until 6 h after MCAO, at which time cerebral plasma volume images (PVIs) were acquired. Tissue infarction was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 7 h after MCAO. The ischemic damage, measured as the area of DWI and T2WI hyperintensity and tissue infarction, increased significantly in hyperglycemic rats in both permanent and transient MCAO models. In the permanent MCAO model, the maximal apparent water diffusion coefficient (ADC) decline under either normoor hyperglycemia was about 40%, but the speed of ADC drop was faster in hyperlgycemic rats than in normoglycemic rats. Reperfusion after l h of MCAO in normoglycemic rats partly reversed the decline in ADC, whereas the low ADC area continued to expand after reperfusion in the hyperlgycemic group. Between the two hyperglycemic groups with either permanent MCAO or reperfusion, no significant difference was found in the infarct volume measured at 7 h after MCAO. However, reperfusion dramatically increased the extent and accelerated the development rate of vasogenic edema. ADC in the hyperglycemic reperfusion group also dropped to a lower level. A large “no-reflow” zone was found in the ischemic hemisphere in the hyperglycemic reperfusion group. This study provides strong evidence to support that preischemic hyperglycemia exacerbates ischemic damage in both transient and permanent MCAO models and demonstrates, using MRI, that reperfusion under preischemic hyperglycemia accelerates the evolution of early ischemic injury.
IV. Moral rationality, tradition, and Aristotle: A reply to Onora O'Neill, Raimond Gaita, and Stephen R. L. Clark

O'Neill's critique of my account of Kant does point to serious inadequacies in that treatment, but I argue in reply that on some central points she is mistaken and that Kant's moral rigorism and his conception of what it is to be a rational agent are more open to the conventional objections than she allows. What needs to be put in question is the whole nature of rational justification in morality, for justification always in fact requires the context of a tradition. In confronting Gaita's criticisms of my views on the relationship of moral philosophy to morality and of the teleological aspect of the virtues the relevant notion of tradition is further elaborated in a way that provides premises both for a response to Clark's defense of Moore and for an indication of how the social analysis of modernity in After Virtue might be defended.
Religious Activities and Personal Adjustment in Old Age

(1956). Religious Activities and Personal Adjustment in Old Age. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 261-267.
RELATING SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY WITH COMPLEMENTARITY: A CAUTION

. I examine Helmut Reich's recent (Zygon, December 1990) discussion of the complementarity model for relating science and theology and find it confusing. On the one hand, his complementarity purports to make science and theology relevant for each other. It even requires we solve their conflicts. On the other hand, it discourages the overlap of scientific and theological knowledge and thus the direct resolution of their conflicts.
Incidence and magnitude of hypoxaemia with ketamine in a rural African hospital.

Summary The incidence of hypoxaemia with ketumine anaesthesia in unpremedicated, spontaneously breathing patients without oxygen supplementation at high altitudes has never been investigated. Twenty-three consenting patients received ketamine (2 mg.kg−1 intravenously in adults or 8 mg.kg−1 intramuscularly in children supplemented with 0.5 mg.kg−1 intravenously when clinically indicated) as the sole anaesthetic agent in a small, rural hospital in central Kenya (altitude 6000 ft; Pio2 127 mmHg). Oxygen saturation (Spo2) was measured with pulse oximetry. The Spo2 values were grouped in time epochs of pre-induction, postinduction but presurgery, every 1–2 min after start of surgery, and at the end of the case. The mean Spo2 values reached 90.8% during the first min following start of surgery and this was significantly different from pre-induction levels (p < 0.01). In four patients (17%) Spo2 decreased to 90% or less, in two patients (9%) Spo2 decreased to 85% or less, and in two patients (9%) Spo2 decreased to 75% or less. Mean values returned to near baseline by the end of the surgery. It is concluded that ketamine anaesthesia is acceptable in this setting if monitored by vigilant personnel who are capable of providing supplemental oxygen (if available) and manual support of the airway (i.e. jaw thrust) if airway obstruction occurs.
Lattice structure at ZnSeGaAs heterojunction interfaces prepared by organometallic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract The lattice structure of ZnSe grown on GaAs by a low temperature low pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The defect structure of ZnSe epitaxial layers and of their interface with the GaAs substrate was directly imaged in cross section for GaAs substrate surfaces in the 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 orientations. It is shown that the ZnSe layers grow indeed epitaxially. The ZnSe layers grown on GaAs(100) contain a large density of faulted loops which are extrinsic in nature, whereas the prevailing defects in ZnSe layers grown on GaAs(111)B substrates are microtwins and stacking faults parallel to the film-substrate interface. A possible connection between the observed defect structure and the reported photoluminescence and electrical transport properties of ZnSe layers grown by organometallic CVD is also discussed.
Velocity of explosion‐generated longitudinal waves in a nefheline syenite

The determination of velocities is one of the fundamental objectives of seismological investigations on any scale. Knowledge of the speeds with which energy is propagated as elastic waves in the materials of the Earth is basic to all interpretations of seismological data. In view of this, it is surprising how little seems to have been done in the way of making rigorous determinations of those speeds.
Increasing the cellular PKC inhibitory activity of balanol: A study of ester analogs

Abstract As part of an effort to enhance the cellular activity of balanol analogs 2 and 3, we prepared a series of benzophenone ester analogs of varying steric size and hydrolytic stability. These were evaluated for protein kinase C inhibitory activity, with the results showing that both small alkyl esters and the pivaloyloxymethyl ester analogs displayed large increases in cellular PKC inhibition.
15-Deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR gamma.

Abstract Regulation of adipose cell mass is a critical homeostatic process in higher vertebrates. The conversion of fibroblasts into cells of the adipose lineage is induced by expression of the orphan nuclear receptor PPARyγ. This suggests that an endogenous PPARγ ligand may be an important regulator of adipogenesis. By assaying arachidonate metabolites for their capacity to activate PPAR response elements, we have identified 15-deoxy- Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 as both a PPARγ ligand and an inducer of adipogenesis. Similarly, the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs also bind to PPARγ and act as potent regulators of adipocyte development. Thus, adipogenic prostanoids and antidiabetic thiazolidinediones initiate key transcriptional events through a common nuclear receptor signaling pathway. These findings suggest a pivotal role for PPARγ and its endogenous ligand in adipocyte development and glucose homeostasis and as a target for intervention in metabolic disorders.
Transgenic HFE-dependent induction of hepcidin in mice does not require transferrin receptor-2

Hereditary hemochomatosis (HH) is caused by mutations in several genes, including HFE and transferrin receptor-2 (TFR2). Loss of either protein decreases expression of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin by the liver, leading to inappropriately high iron uptake from the diet, and resulting in systemic iron overload. In tissue culture, overexpressed HFE and TFR2 physically interact. Hepatocellular overexpression of Hfe in vivo increases hepcidin expression, despite an associated decrease in Tfr2. On this basis, we hypothesized that Tfr2 would not be required for Hfe-dependent up-regulation of hepcidin. We show that hepatocellular overexpression of Hfe in Tfr2Y245X/Y245X mice leads to hepcidin induction eventuating in iron deficiency and a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation studies using liver lysates did not provide evidence for physical interaction between Hfe and Tfr2 in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Tfr2 is not essential for Hfe-mediated induction of hepcidin expression, supporting the possibility that TFR2 may regulate iron metabolism in an HFE-independent manner. Am. J. Hematol. 87:588–595, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency by leukaemia inhibitory factor

LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor) is a key cytokine for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of mESCs (mouse embryonic stem cells). Upon binding to the LIF receptor, LIF activates three major intracellular signalling pathways: the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT and SHP2 [SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2]/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways. These pathways converge to orchestrate the gene expression pattern specific to mESCs. Among the many signalling events downstream of the LIF receptor, activation and DNA binding of the transcription factor STAT3 plays a central role in transducing LIF's functions. The fundamental role of LIF for pluripotency was highlighted further by the discovery that LIF accelerates the conversion of epiblast-derived stem cells into a more fully pluripotent state. In the present review, we provide an overview of the three major LIF signalling pathways, the molecules that interact with STAT3 and the current interpretations of the roles of LIF in pluripotency.
The impact of ageing on the intestinal epithelial barrier and immune system

The vast mucosal surface of the intestine is patrolled by a large number of lymphocytes forming the intestinal immune system. Like any other system in the body, this branch of the immune system is affected by ageing. Although our knowledge on the age-associated changes of the systemic immune system has improved over the past few years, our understanding of the mechanisms of senescence of both adaptive and innate immune system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is still largely incomplete. However, recent advances in the field have shown that the identification of the events underlying the ageing process in the gut may have important consequences on health and wellbeing far beyond the GI-tract. The aim of this review is to summarise the impact of ageing on the intestinal immune system, including the gut epithelium and other components of the intestinal barrier that maintain intestinal immune homeostasis and shape antigen-specific immune responses.
Bariatric surgery for treatment of morbid obesity in an adolescent with Marfan syndrome

Abstract A 16 year old Caucasian female with genetically confirmed Marfan syndrome and extreme obesity (weight: 205 kg, height: 176 cm, BMI: 66 kg/m 2 ) was referred to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Comprehensive Weight Management Center for bariatric surgery. Her comorbidities attributed to obesity included: obstructive sleep apnea, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, gastroesophageal reflux, urinary stress incontinence, and irregular menses. Her family history was concerning for sudden death from aortic dissections as early as the 2nd decade of life for other individuals with Marfan syndrome and concomitant severe obesity. Cardiac imaging at time of referral was limited secondary to poor acoustic windows for echocardiography and body habitus which restricted the use of traditional scanners. Initial challenges included estimating her surgical risk due to her connective tissue disease and the unknown status of her aorta. Additional cardiac Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated no aortic dilation. She underwent uneventful laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and recovery. Six months later her weight had decreased to 162 kg (BMI: 52.0 kg/m 2 , weight loss: 43 kg). Hyperinsulinemia improved (fasting insulin: 38.9→19.7 uU/ml), and left ventricular mass improved (55→39 g/m 2.7 ). This is the first case highlighting the safety and potential impact of surgical weight loss in the management of an adolescent with Marfan syndrome. Lifelong followup is recommended due to long term risks of Marfan syndrome, and independent nutritional risks of gastric bypass surgery.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression in giant cell lesions

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), a member of the helix–loop–helix transcription factor subfamily, normally expressed in mononuclear and multinucleated osteoclasts, is involved in the terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. Dysfunction of osteoclast activity resulting from abnormal Mitf expression has been implicated in osteopetrosis. Numerous other giant cells of various types including osteoclast-like giant cells seen in various tumors, traditionally thought to be monocyte derived, are seen in a variety of bone and extraosseous lesions. Using a monoclonal antibody with a standard immunohistochemical technique on paraffin sections, we evaluated expression of Mitf in 89 various giant cell lesions including giant cell tumor of bone (n26), giant cell tumor of tendon sheath/pigmented villonodular synovitis (n24), giant cell reparative granuloma (n3), aneurysmal bone cysts (n11), chondroblastomas (n7), foreign body giant cell reaction (n10), and sarcoidosis (n8). We also evaluated three cases of osteopetrosis and 27 various tissues without monocyte-derived giant cells (nine bone marrows, nine products of conception, seven lymph nodes with sinus histiocytosis, one granulation tissue and one thymus). Nuclear Mitf immunoreactivity was evaluated. Mitf was variably expressed in the monocyte-derived giant cells and/or the adjacent mononuclear cells/histiocytes in 23 (89%) giant cell tumors of the bone, 23 (96%) giant cell tumors of tendon sheath/pigmented villonodular synovitis, three (100%) giant cell reparative granuloma, eight (73%) aneurysmal bone cysts, five (71%) chondroblastomas, eight (80%) foreign-body giant cell reactions, and six (75%) sarcoidoses. No Mitf immunoreactivity was detected in cases of osteopetrosis and giant cells of nonmonocyte origin. Mitf immunoreactivity is rare in tissues with rich mononuclear cells/histiocytes but no monocyte derived giant cells. These findings support the notion that giant cells in giant cell lesions are likely derived from adjacent mononuclear cells and Mitf might play a role in the multinucleation process of such cells.
Dinuclear oxidative addition of N-H and S-H bonds at chromium. Reaction of •Cr(CO)3(C5Me5) with {o-(HA)C6H4S-Cr(CO)3 (C5Me5)} (A = S, NH) yielding [η2-o-(μ-A)C6H4S-Cr (C5Me5)]2 and H-Cr(CO)3(C5Me5)

Reaction of the 17-electron radical •Cr(CO)3Cp* (Cp* = C5Me5) with 0.5 equiv of 2-aminophenyl disulfide [(o-H2NC6H4)2S2] results in rapid oxidative addition to form the initial product (o-H2N)C6H4S...
Passive transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis: acceleration by adrenalectomy.

SummaryPassive transfer of EAE has been accomplished with spleen as well as lymph node cells from actively sensitized donors. Adrenalectomy of recipients accelerated passive transfer of EAE. Adrenalectomy also accelerated active induction of EAE, especially when surgery was performed at least 2 days before injection of the antigen-adjuvant mixture.
Pelvic fracture in the elderly is associated with increased mortality

Objective. The elderly population is currently the fastest growing sector in America. The purpose of this study was to examine the age-related outcome in patients after blunt pelvic injury. Methods. All patients admitted with a pelvic fracture during a 5-year period were identified from the trauma registry. Data retrieval included: demographics, shock (BP < 90 mm Hg) on admission, injury severity score (ISS), abbreviated injury score (AIS) for head, chest, and abdomen, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and mortality. All pelvic fracture patterns were classified. Patient data were then stratified by age for comparison: young (< 55 years) and elderly (≥ 55 years). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and chi-square test with significance set at P <.05. Results. Three hundred five patients sustained a pelvic fracture (young [n = 248, 81.3%]; elderly [n = 57, 18.7%]). The only predictor of mortality was age. The 2 groups differed by gender (elderly = 54.4% females; young = 62.5% males) but not frequency of shock, ISS, or AIS for head, chest, and abdomen. Motor vehicle collision was the most common mechanism of injury (elderly = 68.4%; young = 73.8%). Lateral compression was the most common fracture pattern in both groups (elderly = 54.4%; young = 45.6%). There was no difference in transfusion (elderly = 2.5 ± 0.7 vs young = 2.0 ± 0.3; ns) but the elderly group was more frequently admitted to the ICU (elderly = 61.4% vs young = 46.8%; P =.065). Significantly more of the elderly group had a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (43.9% vs 10.1%, P <.001) and diabetes mellitus (10.5% vs 2.4%, P <.014). Mortality was significantly greater in the elderly group (12.3% vs 2.3%). Conclusion. Elderly patients sustaining a pelvic fracture were more likely to have a lateral compression fracture pattern, longer hospital LOS, and die despite aggressive resuscitation. This difference in outcome should help trauma surgeons recognize that the elderly patient sustaining a pelvic fracture is at increased risk of death. (Surgery 2002;132:710-5.)
Psychological Distress and Rheumatic Disease: EDITORIAL REVIEW

Psychological factors influence the results of self-reports of pain, function and global severity in questionnaires such as the HAQ, SF-36 and the WOMAC. Persons with psychological distress use more resources, including medications, and have greater rates of work disability and joint surgery. Psychological status is influenced only very slightly by disease severity and tends to remain relatively constant over the course of the rheumatic disease. The psychological status of patients with differing rheumatic diseases is similar, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis do not have special psychological problems or psychological characteristics.
THz SPECTROSCOPY OF PROTEINS IN WATER: DIRECT ABSORPTION AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM

Many of the functionally relevant collective vibrations of proteins and other biopolymers are expected to occur at terahertz frequencies. Precise absorption measurements combined with careful titration of biopolymers in water have allowed us to directly measure the terahertz absorption spectra associated with these motions, despite the strong background absorption of the solvent. We have also explored the circular dichroism spectroscopy of biomolecules over this same frequency range. Since circular dichroism requires the presence of net chirality in a molecule and chirality is present in nearly all biomaterial, it has the potential to capture the background free spectral features in biopolymers. To undertake these studies we have developed a broad band terahertz spectrometer suitable for both direct absorption and circular dichroism measurements of proteins in water between 0.75 – 3.72 THz. Direct terahertz absorption spectra of prototypical proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hen egg white lysozyme have been documented and are described here. We have also successfully demonstrated the magnetic circular dichroism in semiconductors, and placed an upper bound on the terahertz circular dichroism signature of solvated BSA. In the terahertz frequency range, it appears that circular dichroism signatures are exceedingly small and detection remains a challenge.
Complexity from thermal instability

The consequences of the basic non-linear equation for thermal instability, with the cooling function represented analytically, are explored in some depth. This equation leads to a dissipative analogue of the virial theorem that has import for the unfolding of the instability as a phase separation process. We model this with a one-dimensional cloudy medium and derive equations of motion for the fronts separating the hot and cold (locally) stable phases.
Selection of angina-free patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction for myocardial revascularization

Stress thallium-201 myocardial imaging was used in two angina-free patients with severe congestive heart failure to identify clinically silent areas of ischemic myocardium and to distinguish between scar and reversibly ischemic myocardium as a cause for akinesia of left ventricular wall segments. Subsequent myocardial revascularization in these patients led to considerable improvement in their clinical state and findings in postoperative nuclear scans. Thus, stress myocardial imaging may be useful in selecting patients with severe left ventricular failure but no angina pectoris for myocardial revascularization.
Molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in fetal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Superoxide plays an important role in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and survival. The rapid reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite suggests that endothelium-derived NO may influence adjacent SMC growth. To investigate this possibility, we determined the dose-dependent effects of NO on the proliferation and viability of pulmonary arterial SMC isolated from fetal lambs (FPASMC). Using fluorescence microscopy we found a dose-dependent decrease in superoxide levels in FPASMC treated with the NO donor spermine NONOate. This was associated with an increase in peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration. At doses between 50 and 250 μM, spermine NONOate attenuated serum-induced FPASMC proliferation resulting in a G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest. This process involved a decrease in levels of cyclin A and an increase in the nuclear localization of p21 and p27. Furthermore, 500 μM spermine NONOate decreased viable cell number by inducing programmed cell death: FPASMC treated with 500 μM spermine NONOate displayed a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, followed by caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that NO inhibits superoxide-induced proliferation of FPASMC and at higher doses induces apoptosis. NO donors may therefore prove to be useful therapeutic tools to treat diseases resulting from excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle.
EMOTIONAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY TO A CHILD-FOCUSED INTERPERSONAL STRESSOR AMONG DEPRESSED MOTHERS OF PSYCHIATRICALLY ILL CHILDREN

Background: Impairment in maternal interpersonal function represents a risk factor for poor psychiatric outcomes among children of depressed mothers. However, the mechanisms by which this effect occurs have yet to be fully elucidated. Elevated levels of emotional or physiological reactivity to interpersonal stress may impact depressed mothers' ability to effectively negotiate child-focused conflicts. This effect may become particularly pronounced when depressed mothers are parenting a psychiatrically ill child. Methods: The current feasibility study evaluated mothers' emotional and cardiovascular reactivity in response to an acute, child-focused stress task. Twenty-two depressed mothers of psychiatrically ill children were recruited from a larger clinical trial; half were randomly assigned to receive an adapted form of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-MOMS), while the other half received treatment as usual (TAU). For comparison purposes, a matched sample of 22 nondepressed mothers of psychiatrically healthy children was also evaluated. Results: Depressed mothers receiving minimal-treatment TAU displayed the greatest increases in depressed mood, heart rate, and diastolic blood pressure in response to the child-focused stress task, and significantly differed from the relatively low levels of reactivity observed among nondepressed mothers of healthy children. In contrast, depressed mothers receiving IPT-MOMS displayed patterns of reactivity that fell between these extreme groups. Maternal stress reactivity was associated not only with maternal psychiatric symptoms, but also with levels of chronic parental stress and maternal history of childhood emotional abuse. Conclusions: Future, more definitive research is needed to evaluate depressed mothers' interpersonal stress reactivity, its amenability to treatment, and its long-term impact on child psychiatric outcomes. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Monkey anti-placental serum as an abortifacient☆☆☆

Abstract Pregnant Rhesus monkeys can be aborted by injection of heterologous (autologous) placental globulin without any notable harm to the mother. Presumably, anti-placental globulin reacts with trophoblastic tissue in the presence of complement, which then destroys tissues, and abortion follows. Within this experimental model, neither MPL nor MCG appear as responsible antigenic elements; but rather, a placental specific antigen(s) as yet unidentified.
Detection of single atoms by resonance ionization spectroscopy

Rutherford’s idea for counting individual atoms can, in principle, be implemented for nearly any type of atom, whether stable or radioactive, by using methods of resonance ionization. With the technique of resonance ionization spectroscopy (ris), a laser is tuned to a wavelength that will promote a valence electron in a Z-selected atom to an excited level. Additional resonance or non-resonance photoabsorption steps are used to achieve nearly 100% ionization efficiencies. Hence, the ris process can be saturated for the Z-selected atoms: and because detectors are available for counting either single electrons or positive ions, one-atom detection is possible. Some examples of one-atom detection are given, including that of the noble gases, to show complementarity with accelerator mass spectrometry ams methods. For instance, the detection of 81 Kr by using ris has interesting applications for solar-neutrino research, ice-cap dating, and groundwater dating.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae bacterin for domestic sheep (Ovis aries).

Background Mortality from epizootic pneumonia is hindering re-establishment of bighorn sheep populations in western North America. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, a primary agent of this disease, is frequently carried asymptomatically by the domestic sheep and goats that constitute the reservoir of this agent for transmission to bighorn sheep. Our long-term objective is to reduce the risk of M. ovipneumoniae infection of bighorn sheep; one approach to this objective is to control the pathogen in its reservoir hosts. Methods The safety and immunogenicity of M. ovipneumoniae for domestic sheep was evaluated in three experimental immunization protocols: 1) live M. ovipneumoniae (50 ug protein); 2) killed M. ovipneumoniae (50 ug whole cell protein) in oil adjuvant; and 3) killed M. ovipneumoniae (250 ug whole cell protein) in oil adjuvant. Immunogenicity was assessed by two serum antibody measures: competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) (experiments 1–3) and serum growth inhibition (Experiment 3). Passive immunogenicity was also assessed in the third experiment using the same assays applied to blood samples obtained from the lambs of immunized ewes. Results and Conclusions Adverse reactions to immunization were generally minor, but local reactions were regularly observed at immunization sites with bacterins in oil adjuvants. No evidence of M. ovipneumoniae specific antibody responses were observed in the first or second experiments and no resistance to colonization was observed in the first experiment. However, the ewes in the third experiment developed strong cELISA serum antibody responses and significant serum M. ovipneumoniae inhibition activity, and these responses were passively transferred to their lambs. The results of these trials indicate that immunization with relatively large antigenic mass combined with an adjuvant is capable of inducing strong active antibody responses in ewes and passively immunizing lambs.
Contributions of the EPN paradigm to HIV prevention: A preliminary study

Abstract This study examined the relation between HIV knowledge, behavioural change and Eysenckian personality variables. Neuroticism and Lie Scale correlated negatively with HIV disease knowledge in a general population that had not received HIV disease education. Among those who had received HIV education, Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism all correlated with unsafe sexual behaviour. Implications of this study for HIV education and for prevention are discussed.
Mechanical measurements of passive film fracture on an austenitic stainless steel

The initiation of fracture in passive films formed on a 304 stainless steel has been measured using a nanoindentation technique as well as bulk circumferentially notched tensile bars (CNTBs). The nanoindentation method was coupled with scanning probe microscopy to isolate individual grains that were free of any observable inclusions, so as to probe only the properties of the film upon the base alloy. The mechanical response of the film was measured while being anodically polarized in 0.1 M sulfuric acid with various halide concentrations, as well as with respect to the applied potential. The passive film strengthened as the applied potential increased in the passive regime, possibly due to film-thickness changes. In both the bulk and nanoscale tests, the passive film-fracture strength was found to decrease with increasing salt concentration in solution, which cannot be attributed to the uniform thinning of the passive film. The correlation between the bulk and nanoscale tests demonstrates that both methods are viable options of measuring the fracture of passive films on metals. Nanoindentation results are used to estimate the applied tensile stress at film fracture between 1 and 2 GPa for an anodically grown passive film on 304 stainless steel at 0 V vs that on Ag/AgCl in 0.1 pct NaCl-0.1 M sulfuric acid.
Active tectonics of the western tethyan himalaya above the underthrusting indian plate: The upper sutlej river basin as a pull-apart structure

Fault-bounded blocks and structural elements were mapped in the eastern Ladakh-Spiti and upper Sutlej River Basin located within the Tethyan Himalaya and to the southwest of the Karakorum fault zone mainly using LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner (MSS) band 5, band 7 (near-infrared) images with detailed analysis of smaller areas by interactive digital processing of false color images, and Returned Beam Vidicon (RBV) imagery in conjunction with available topographical, geological and seismological data. For the first time the Leo Pargil Horst and other nearby fault-bounded blocks located at the northwestern end of the upper Setlej River Basin were clearly revealed on the LANDSAT color composites. Shallow crustal seismicity is systematically related to the NNE-trending and N-trending normal faults of the Leo Pargil and nearby regions. Some of the aftershocks of the Kinnaur earthquake of January 19,1975 (Ms = 6.8), appear to be associated with movement along the NNE-trending westbound fault of the Leo Pargil Horst and the nearby Kaurik-Chango fault. The main shock, however, is teleseismically located at about 30 km to the northwest of the Kaurik-Chango fault. Fault plane solutions of the main shock and two aftershocks indicate a large component of normal faulting. In map view, the upper Sutlej River Basin has an approximately rhomboidal shape and is located to the southwest of the Karakorum fault system. We suggest that this basin is a pull-apart between the NW-SE oriented, right-lateral, strike-slip Karakorum fault system and the high-angle faults near the southern boundary of the Tethyan Himalaya. The Leo Pargil Horst is the northwestern bounding fault block of this pull-apart. The active tectonic features in this part of the Tethyan Himalaya appear to reflect right-shear within the crust, and this is probably a consequence of oblique underthrusting of the Indian continental plate beneath the western Himalaya and southwestern Tibet during the Neogene and Quaternary times. NW-trending right-lateral, strike-slip faults in the Lesser Himalaya and in southwestern Tibet may reflect the same right-shear.
The Connecticut high blood pressure program: a program of public education and high blood pressure screening.

Abstract The Connecticut High Blood Pressure Program (CHBP) conducted parallel programs of public education and screening at multiple sites throughout the state. From 1974 through 1976, 189,006 adults were screened, of whom 68,240 (36.1%) were classified as hypertensive. This proportion is higher than the estimate obtained by the National Health Survey but can be explained largely by the age structure and treatment status of the CHBP sample. Industries and educational institutions were the most successful sites in regard to the proportions of eligible persons who participated and hypertensive screenees who contacted the referred source of medical care. Of those who were screened as hypertensive and were previously unaware or untreated for the condition, 53% completed the referral, were diagnosed as hypertensive by a physician and placed on treatment or under surveillance, and complied with the therapeutic regimen for at least 4 months. Among hypertensives 45 through 69 years of age, awareness and adequacy of treatment increased from 1974 to 1976. Older screenees, women, and blacks in this group were the least likely to be unaware and most likely to be adequately treated. The public health implications of these findings and their usefulness in planning and guiding other screening programs are discussed.
Three-dimensional singular stress field at the front of a crack weakening a unidirectional fiber reinforced composite plate

Abstract An eigenfunction expansion technique, based in part on separation of the thickness-variable and partly on the Eshelby–Stroh type affine transformation, is employed to derive hitherto unavailable three-dimensional asymptotic stress field in the vicinity of the front of a semi-infinite through-thickness crack weakening an infinite transversely isotropic unidirectional fiber reinforced composite plate, of finite thickness and subjected to far-field mode I/II loadings. Crack-face boundary conditions and those that are prescribed on the top and bottom (free, fixed or lubricated) surfaces of the lamina are exactly satisfied. The present investigation considers mainly two through-crack systems – (i) (0 1 0)[0 0 1] with the [1 0 0] propagation direction, and (ii) ( 1 ¯ 0 0 ) [ 0 0 1 ] with the [0 1 0] propagation direction. Explicit expressions for the singular stresses in the vicinity of the front of a through-thickness crack weakening a transversely isotropic unidirectional fiber reinforced composite plate, subjected to far-field mode I/II loadings, are presented. Hitherto unavailable numerical results, pertaining to the through-thickness variations of stress intensity factors for saw-tooth load and its skew-symmetric counterpart that also satisfy the boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the cracked unidirectional fiber reinforced composite (transversely isotropic) plates under investigation, bridge a longstanding gap in the fracture mechanics literature.
The determinants of international creditworthiness and their policy implications

Abstract The present paper utilizes an empirical measure of creditworthiness based on bankers' perceptions to estimate the effect of various variables hypothesized to influence assessments of countries' debt-servicing capacity. The data pertain to a cross section of countries within the period 1979–1983. Such estimates necessarily employ a ceteris paribus assumption, which prevents a realistic assessment of the effects generated by policy changes. The second part of the paper develops, therefore, a dynamic simulation model of a hypothetical average economy. The simulations allow analysis of changes in macroeconomic variables and creditworthiness over time within a system that maintains accounting identities and behavioral constraints. Several changes in policy variables are considered that highlight the importance of export expansion. The latter is, of course, an often suggested policy objective, but the present paper demonstrates its effectiveness in terms of a somewhat nonstandard criterion.
Inhibition of Host Transcription by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Involves a Novel Mechanism That Is Independent of Phosphorylation of TATA-Binding Protein (TBP) or Association of TBP with TBP-Associated Factor Subunits

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a potent inhibitor in vivo of transcription by all three host RNA polymerases (RNAP). In the case of host RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), the inhibition is due to lack of activity of the TATA-binding protein (TBP), which is a subunit of the basal transcription factor TFIID. Despite the potency of M protein-induced inhibition in vivo, experiments presented here show that M protein cannot directly inactivate TFIID in vitro. Addition of M protein to nuclear extracts from uninfected cells did not inhibit transcription activity, indicating that the inhibition is indirect and is mediated through host factors. The host factors that are known to regulate TBP activity include phosphorylation by host kinases and association with different TBP-associated factor (TAF) subunits. However, TBP in VSV-infected cells was found to be assembled normally with its TAF subunits, as shown by ion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography and sedimentation velocity analysis. A normal pattern of phosphorylation of TBP in VSV-infected cells was also observed by pH gradient gel electrophoresis. Collectively, these data indicate that M protein inactivates TBP activity in RNAPII-dependent transcription by a novel mechanism, since the known mechanisms for regulating TBP activity cannot account for the inhibition.
Unmetamorphosed sedimentary mélange with high-pressure metamorphic blocks in a nascent forearc basin setting

Abstract Melanges crop out within unmetamorphosed basal Great Valley Group (GVG) forearc basin strata and between GVG and the underlying Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO) in the San Francisco Bay region of coastal California. These melanges include high-pressure (HP) metamorphic blocks of the Franciscan subduction complex that structurally underlies the unmetamorphosed CRO as well as blocks of GVG and CRO. The matrix consists of foliated shale and serpentinite, locally interleaved at centimeter scale. The melanges strike and dip parallel to bounding GVG sandstones and conglomerates. The matrix locally consists of sedimentary breccia and conglomerate made up of clasts of serpentinite and shale. GVG sandstones within and bounding the melanges have detrital serpentinite clasts. The field relationships indicate a sedimentary origin of the melanges as olistostromal deposits within latest Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous basal GVG. The melanges correlate to units along the eastern margin of the northern Coast Ranges, about 250 km to the north with restoration of post-subduction dextral faulting, and differ from the latter in the higher proportion of shale, stronger matrix foliation, and common occurrence of HP blocks. Similar units may have mistakenly been assigned to the Franciscan owing to the foliated nature of the matrix and occurrence of HP blocks. This and the broad distribution of localities indicate that these deposits are more widespread than previously believed. Exhumation rates of coarse-grained HP melange blocks may have been 2 to 10 mm/yr or higher based on the ages of similar blocks in the Coast Ranges, burial depth of the blocks, and depositional age of the enclosing strata. Exhumation and deposition of Franciscan blocks in these GVG melanges predates preserved accretion of similar materials in the adjacent Franciscan by at least 30 m.y., suggesting subduction erosion of previously accreted material, or exhumation of the blocks in forearc serpentinite–shale diapirs.
Arcus tendineus fascia pelvis: a further understanding.

Objective The study was undertaken to further define the anatomy of the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis (ATFP). Study design Thirty cadavers were dissected to find the average length, SD, and range of the ATFP. Comparisons were made to height and pelvis type. The average distance between the ischial spine and the attachment of the fascia of the rectovaginal septum (RVF) to the ATFP was measured. Results The average length, SD, and range in centimeters for the ATFP are 9.0, 0.70, and 7 to 10.5, respectively. The length of the ATFP increased with height. No associations could be made regarding pelvis type. The average distance between the ischial spine and the attachment of the RVF to the ATFP is 2.15 cm with a SD and range of 0.21 and 1.75 to 2.5, respectively. Conclusion In this study, an average length for the ATFP is established and the distance between the ischial spine and the attachment of the RVF to the ATFP is redefined.
Small-Scale Extrusion of Corn Masa By-Products

ABSTRACT Corn masa by-product streams are high in fiber and are amenable for utilization in livestock feed rations. This approach is a potentially viable alternative to landfilling, the traditional disposal method for these processing residues. Suspended solids were separated from a masa processing waste stream, blended with soybean meal at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30% wb), and extruded in a laboratory-scale extruder at speeds of 50 rpm (5.24 rad/sec) and 100 rpm (10.47 rad/sec) with temperature profiles of 80-90-100°C and 100-110-120°C. Processing conditions, including dough and die temperatures, drive torque, specific mechanical energy consumption, product and feed material throughput rates, dough apparent viscosity, and dough density, were monitored during extrusion. The resulting products were subjected to physical and nutritional characterization to determine the effects of processing conditions for these blends. Extrudate analysis included moisture content, water activity, crude protein, in vitro...
Alternating Copolymerization of Methyl Acrylate with Donor Monomers Having a Protected Amine Group

Attempts were made to copolymerize p-aminostyrene, p-acetamidostyrene, N-methyl-p-aceta-midostyrene, N-(4-vinylphenyl) phthalimide, N-vinyl succinimide, and N-vinyl phthalimide with methyl acrylate complexed with ethyl aluminum sesquichloride. Only reactions involving N-(4-vinylphenyl)phthalimide and N-vinyl phthalimide yielded alternating copolymers. N-vinyl succinimide gave nonalternating copolymers insoluble in common solvents and the other monomers did not copolymerize. In some cases, the conventional radical copolymers were prepared for comparison purposes. The reactivity ratios of the free-radical initiated copolymerization of methyl acrylate (I) with N-(4-vinylphenyl)phthalimide (II) were r1 = 0.14 and r2 1.56. The alternating copolymers were studied by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The alternating copolymer of N-(4-vinylphenyl)phthalimide with methyl acrylate was hydrazinolyzed to form the alternating copolymer of methyl acrylate with p-aminostyrene. Hydrazinolysis of the alternating copolymer of methyl acrylate with N-vinyl phthalimide removed the phthalimide moiety and generated vinyl amine units which readily cyclized with neighboring methyl acrylate units to form copolymers that contained five-membered lactam rings. The infrared (IR) spectra of the hydrazinolyzed products contain bands due to amine or amide groups and are devoid of the characteristic bands of the phthalimide ring.
Stokes’ First and Second Problems for Rivlin-Ericksen Fluids With Nonclassical Heat Conduction

The nonclassical heat conduction equation based on the Maxwell-Cattaneo-Fox (MCF) model is used to study the Stokes’ first and second problems for the Rivlin-Ericksen fluids. The discontinuities in velocity gradients in fluid flows induced by impulsive or sudden heating of a plate and the influence of the thermal relaxation time and elastic parameter of the fluid on the velocity field are investigated. The structure of the waves in the temperature and velocity fields is presented. An anomalous behavior of the medium is characterized by infinite or negative values of the group velocity for the wave packets as the frequency attains or exceeds a critical value. The displacement thickness and the rate of heat transfer at the plate are determined.