cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Transcriptional Network Signature Characterizes Lung Cancer Subtypes

BACKGROUND: Transcriptional networks play a central role in cancer development. The authors described a systems biology approach to cancer classification based on the reverse engineering of the transcriptional network surrounding the 2 most common types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: A transcriptional network classifier was inferred from the molecular profiles of 111 human lung carcinomas. The authors tested its classification accuracy in 7 independent cohorts, for a total of 422 subjects of Caucasian, African, and Asian descent. RESULTS: The model for distinguishing AC from SCC was a 25-gene network signature. Its performance on the 7 independent cohorts achieved 95.2% classification accuracy. Even more surprisingly, 95% of this accuracy was explained by the interplay of 3 genes (KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C) on a narrow cytoband of chromosome 12. The role of this chromosomal region in distinguishing AC and SCC was further confirmed by the analysis of another group of 28 independent subjects assayed by DNA copy number changes. The copy number variations of bands 12q12, 12q13, and 12q12-13 discriminated these samples with 84% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the existence of a robust signature localized in a relatively small area of the genome, and show the clinical potential of reverse engineering transcriptional networks from molecular profiles. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Biologic fixation of ligament prostheses and augmentations An evaluation of bone ingrowth in the dog

The biologic fixation (bone ingrowth) of three prosthetic ligament devices (bovine xenograft Xenotech Laboratories, Inc., Irvine, CA; Gore-Tex, W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ; and knitted dacron, Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) and one ligament augmentation device (LAD, braided polypropylene, 3M, St. Paul, MN) were evaluated in vivo. The devices were placed unstressed, in an extraarticular location in the cortical-cancellous bone of the proximal femur and humerus of dogs. Six months following implantation tissue ingrowth was evaluated using high resolution radiography, routine histology, scanning electron microscopy, and biomechanical tensile tests to measure the ultimate (maximum) pull-out strength of the devices. The knitted dacron and Gore-Tex prosthesis showed marked ingrowth of trabecular bone into the interstices of the device with evidence of bone growth around individual fibers of the prosthesis. The bovine xenograft demonstrated bone immediately adjacent to the material with evidence of spicular ingrowth of bone into the natural clefts of the prosthesis. The LAD showed no evidence of bone ingrowth and demonstrated a fibrous tissue interface between the prosthesis and surrounding trabecular bone. Six months following implantation the pull-out strengths of the devices were as follows: knitted dacron, 445.7 +/- 151.0N; Gore-Tex, 438.1 +/- 131.94N; bovine xenograft, 332.8 +/- 64.2N; and LAD, 78.4 +/- 47.9N. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the pull-out strengths of the knitted dacron, Gore-Tex, and bovine xenograft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effects of Depression, Health Status, and Stressful Life-Events on Self-Reported Memory Problems among Aged Blacks:

A sample of 1,250 Black elderly individuals was examined to assess the prevalence and correlates of self-reported memory problems. More than 48.3 percent of the sample reported poor memory and forgetfulness as either a very (17.9%) or somewhat (30.4%) serious problem. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to detect the significant predictors of self-reported memory problems. According to our data, those Black elderly individuals who have hearing problems, who report a higher number of stressful life-events, who experience a higher level of depression, and who suffer from poorer health are more likely to complain of memory problems.
Cell biology: Death brings new life to muscle.

Fusion of muscle cells called myoblasts underlies the generation and maintenance of skeletal muscle throughout an animal’s life. Emerging data indicate that cell death acts as a signal to enhance these processes in mammals.
Coping with Stress

Our goals for this chapter are threefold. Our first goal is to consider coping within the larger framework of regulation, thereby broadening our perspective to include work on aspects of regulation that are relevant to an understanding of coping but frequently have not been considered by coping theorists. A second related goal is to present a preliminary heuristic model in which the roles of various modes of regulation in the coping process are considered. Finally, we use our heuristic model as a framework for briefly reviewing the developmental literature concerning factors related to coping and regulation.
Transformation and preliminary characterization of primary human pulp cells

The odontoblast is the cell responsible for dentin formation and mineralization during tooth development. A number of primary pulp cell culture systems have been used to study the mechanism of dentinogenesis in vitro. One of the difficulties in using primary cells is the limited number of cell divisions they will undergo. In this study, this problem was addressed by transfecting primary cultures of human pulp cells with an SV40-adenovirus construct. This resulted in the establishment of transformed human pulp cells, which were named HPC-T. A series of preliminary experiments were performed to characterize these cells, including their morphology, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase production, and cytogenetic make-up. The results demonstrate that SV40-transformed human pulp cells retain many of the characteristics of the parent primary cells and may be useful in the study of pulp cell function in vitro.
Detection of a Potential Progenitor Cell in the Human Fetal Pituitary That Secretes both Growth Hormone and Prolactin

The structural similarities between human PRL (hPRL) and human GH (hGH) suggest a common evolutionary origin of the two hormones. The existence of these similarities also suggests the existence of a developmental intermediate cell type which has the potential to produce and secrete both hPRL and hGH. We have applied reverse hemolytic plaque assays to monitor the secretions of individual fetal human pituitary cells to determine if any of these cells secrete both hPRL and hGH. When hPRL and hGH assays were performed sequentially on cells obtained from five fetuses of 18–22 weeks gestational age, we consistently found a subpopulation of cells that formed plaques in both assays, i.e. they secreted both hPRL and hGH. The majority of fetal cells secreting hPRL also secreted hGH at this stage of development. These data were corroborated with light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of hPRL and hGH in a subpopulation of previously identified fetal somatotrophs. These findings suggest that in...
Need for cognition and response mode in the active construction of an information domain

Abstract This paper argues that need for cognition (NFC) — a measure of dispositional motivation — has a meaningful relation to decision strategy. Managers low, moderate, and high in NFC were asked to either judge job candidates or choose one candidate (i.e., response mode, a situational variable). Using an Information Display Board to present candidates, and information searched as an index of decision strategy, results supported the prediction that high NFC would be associated with more thorough decision behavior. A response mode by need for cognition interaction indicated that high-NFC managers produced thorough search even in the choice response mode, where a less thorough search is promoted. This study underscores the moderating influence of NFC on the active construction of an information domain, and extends the study of that variable from cognitive elaboration to decision strategy.
The kinetics of the reactions of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol with the ions of nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II)

Abstract The kinetics of formation of the 1:1 complexes of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol with the ions of nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) have been determined by the stopped-flow spectrophotometric method. Second-order formation rate constants are smaller than might be expected on the basis of a mechanism in which the release of a metal-coordinated water molecule from the outer sphere complex is rate determining. It is suggested that the reaction rates are governed by the closure of the second chelate ring, as a consequence of the need to break, in the ligand, an internal hydrogen bond before full complexation can occur.
FeynmanParameter and trace : programs for expressing Feynman amplitudes as integrals over Feynman parameters

Abstract We present two Mathematica programs, FeynmanParameter and trace, that automate the evaluation of Feynman diagrams with loops. FeynmanParameter converts integrals over loop momenta into integrals over Feynman parameters. If the input for FeynmanParameter contains any traces these are first evaluated by the program trace. Both trace and FeynmanParameter can work in an arbitrary number of dimensions, if desired — even if the traces to be evaluated contain γ 5 's.
Actions of non-compact and non-locally compact Polish groups

We show that each non-compact Polish group admits a continuous action on a Polish space with non-smooth orbit equivalence relation. We actually construct a free such action. Thus for a Polish group compactness is equivalent to all continuous free actions of this group being smooth. This answers a question of Kechris. We also establish results relating local compactness of the group with its inability to induce orbit equivalence relations not reducible to countable Borel equivalence relations. Generalizing a result of Hjorth, we prove that each non-locally compact, that is, infinite dimensional, separable Banach space has a continuous action on a Polish space with non-Borel orbit equivalence relation, thus showing that this property characterizes non-local compactness among Banach spaces.
What have genome-wide association studies taught us about cGMP and blood pressure regulation?

Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major worldwide cause of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease. Mechanisms of blood pressure regulation have previously been elucidated from the study of animal models, Mendelian hyper- and hypo-tension in humans, and drug treatment trials. More recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have offered unbiased approaches to identify novel mechanisms contributing to blood pressure control. We and others have reported candidate gene and GWASs that have identified common genetic variants of modest effect on blood pressure that fall in pathways involving natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide signalling [1-3]. Results Common variant rs5068 in the 3’ UTR of NPPA ,w hich encodes the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is associated with higher plasma ANP and lower blood pressure and odds of hypertension [2]. We have now completed a genotype-directed physiologic study of 8 heterozygotes and 23 major homozygotes demonstrating that the variant alters the “set point” of ANP (p=0.02) but does not alter the ANP response to high vs low sodium diet (p<0.0001) or to intravenous saline infusion (p<0.0001, in press); additional evidence for the mechanism by which this variant acts will be presented in a separate abstract. Downstream of the natriuretic peptide system, a common noncoding variant at a locus including NPR3, encoding the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor, has been associated with blood pressure although it is not associated with plasma ANP or BNP [3]. A common variant at the locus including ENOS, encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is associated with blood pressure and hypertension [4,5]. Lastly, an intronic variant in GUCY1A3, encoding the alpha subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase, is associated with blood pressure and myocardial infarction risk. Conclusion The natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide systems are important contributors to blood pressure regulation in humans and represent strong targets for pharmacologic intervention to reduce the burden of disease from hypertension.
Development of a multi-organ rat model for evaluating chemopreventive agents: efficacy of indole-3-carbinol-. Certain health supplements may cause both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic effects.

Stoner et al. (1) described a multi-organ rat model, following earlier work (2,3), and analyzed the effects of indole-3carbinol (I-3-C) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-, azoxymethane (AOM)and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced tumor development in colon, mammary gland and liver. They reported that although I-3-C is sold without prescription as an antiestrogenic chemopreventive agent in health food stores, a combination of anticarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects were induced in their model system. Thus, I-3-C appears to retard the rate of mammary tumor development by extending latency, but does not seem to affect mammary tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity or survival. Furthermore, I-3-C resulted in a decrease in aberrant colon crypt foci, but in the liver the chemical induced formation of GST-P foci. Because of the mixed effects, Stoner et al. (1) cautioned against the use of I-3-C as a chemopreventive agent in humans. We wish to extend these recent observations by stressing that combinations of anticarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects are a relatively common occurrence in studies where rodents are subjected to long-term chemical exposures at maximum tolerated doses (4,5). In some cases, one sex or strain may show a chemically related increase in tumor incidence while another sex or strain may show a chemically related decrease. For such cases, the particular tissue/organ sites in which the tumor development is affected (enhanced or retarded) may be the same or different in different groups of animals. In other cases, one group of chemically treated animals might show both an increase in tumor incidence at one tissue organ/site and a decrease in tumor incidence at a different tissue/organ site. Chemical exposure may also result in reduced survival for a variety of reasons, including induction of rapidly lethal tumors, which precludes the appearance of tumors that might typically appear later in life (6,7). In some National Toxicology Program (NTP) rodent tests, however, chemical exposure results in improved rather than diminished survival, although chemicals administered in the feed tend to show improved survival more often than chemicals administered by other routes (4). Chemicals that induce mixed effects are appropriately referred to as Janus (traditionally depicted as having two faces looking in opposite directions) carcinogens (8). And in rodent tests conducted by the NTP many chemicals classified as carcinogens show a Janus effect (5). All known human carcinogens that have been tested have also been shown to induce carcinogenic effects in animals, and for some of these the first evidence was seen in animals (9–11). Overall though, few human carcinogens have been tested systematically in a standardized test system as used by the NTP (5,12). Some
Research resources: curating the new eagle-i discovery system

Development of biocuration processes and guidelines for new data types or projects is a challenging task. Each project finds its way toward defining annotation standards and ensuring data consistency with varying degrees of planning and different tools to support and/or report on consistency. Further, this process may be data type specific even within the context of a single project. This article describes our experiences with eagle-i, a 2-year pilot project to develop a federated network of data repositories in which unpublished, unshared or otherwise ‘invisible’ scientific resources could be inventoried and made accessible to the scientific community. During the course of eagle-i development, the main challenges we experienced related to the difficulty of collecting and curating data while the system and the data model were simultaneously built, and a deficiency and diversity of data management strategies in the laboratories from which the source data was obtained. We discuss our approach to biocuration and the importance of improving information management strategies to the research process, specifically with regard to the inventorying and usage of research resources. Finally, we highlight the commonalities and differences between eagle-i and similar efforts with the hope that our lessons learned will assist other biocuration endeavors. Database URL: www.eagle-i.net
Key views for visualizing large spaces

Image is a dominant medium among video, 3D model, and other media for visualizing environment and creating virtual access on the Internet. The location of image capture is, however, subjective and has relied on the esthetic sense of photographers up until this point. In this paper, we will not only visualize areas with images, but also propose a general framework to determine where the most distinct viewpoints should be located. Starting from elevation data, we present spatial and content information in ground-based images such that (1) a given number of images can have maximum coverage on informative scenes; (2) a set of key views can be selected with certain continuity for representing the most distinct views. According to the scene visibility, continuity, and data redundancy, we evaluate viewpoints numerically with an object-emitting illumination model. Our key view exploration may eventually reduce the visual data to transmit, facilitate image acquisition, indexing and interaction, and enhance perception of spaces. Real sample images are captured based on planned positions to form a visual network to index the area.
Dietary Lipid Effect on Atherogenesis and Plasma Lipids in Cockerels

Abstract ATHEROGENESIS and plasma lipids levels may be affected by dietary constituents. Christensen (1964) and Banerjee et al. (1965) reported increased uptake of cholesterol by the aorta of cockerels fed cholesterol. Pick et al. (1967) reported a positive relationship between the degree of hypercholesterolemia and coronary atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed cockerels. Dayton and Hashimoto (1966) demonstrated that lipoprotein is necessary in the surrounding medium if labeled cholesterol is to be transported into the intima. Orma (1957) and Leveille et al. (1960) separated lipoproteins by paper electrophoresis and noted, in the hypercholesterolemic condition, an increased cholesterol content of the α-lipoprotein and increased lipid content of the β-lipoprotein. Leveille et al. (1960) reported that chicks fed a diet containing 10% coconut oil had higher plasma cholesterol levels than those receiving a similar diet supplemented with corn oil. Gosling et al. (1969) and Fisher et al. (1963) reported increased abdominal atherosclerosis when cockerels were fed…
Towards 3D mapping in large urban environments

This paper describes work-in-progress aimed at generating dense 3D maps of urban environments using laser range data acquired from a moving platform. These maps display both fine-scale detail (resolving features only a few centimeters across) and large-scale consistency (typical maps are approximately 0.5 km on a side). In this paper, we sketch a basic 3D mapping algorithm (paying particular attention to practical engineering details) and present preliminary results acquired on the USC University Park campus using a Segway RMP vehicle.
SAMHD1: a new contributor to HIV-1 restriction in resting CD4+ T-cells

Resting CD4+ T-cells are critical for establishing HIV-1 reservoirs. It has been known for over two decades that resting CD4+ T-cells are refractory to HIV-1 infection, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Compared with activated CD4+ T-cells that support HIV-1 infection, resting CD4+ T-cells have lower levels of dNTPs, which limit HIV-1 reverse transcription. The dNTPase SAMHD1 has been identified as an HIV-1 restriction factor in non-cycling myeloid cells. Two recent studies revealed that SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T-cells, suggesting a common mechanism of HIV-1 restriction in non-cycling cells that may contribute to viral immunopathogenesis.
Event-related potentials to repeated speech in 9-month-old infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder

Background: Atypical neural responses to repeated auditory and linguistic stimuli have been reported both in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their first-degree relatives. Recent work suggests that the younger siblings of children with ASD have atypical event-related potentials (ERPs) to repeated tones at 9 months of age; however, the functional significance is unclear, and it is unknown whether this atypicality is also present in response to linguistic stimuli. Methods: We analyzed ERPs to repetitive and deviant consonant-vowel stimuli at 9 months in 35 unaffected high-risk-for-autism (HRA) infant siblings of children with ASD and 45 low-risk control (LRC) infants. We examined a positive component, the P150, over frontal and central electrode sites and investigated the relationships between this component and later behavior. Results: Over frontal electrodes, HRA infants had larger-amplitude ERPs to repetitions of the standard than LRC infants, whereas ERPs to the deviant did not differ between HRA and LRC infants. Furthermore, for HRA infants, the amplitude of ERPs to the standards was positively correlated with later language ability. Conclusions: Our work suggests that atypical ERPs to repeated speech during infancy are a possible endophenotype of ASD but that this atypicality is associated with beneficial, rather than disordered, language development. Potential mechanisms driving these relationships and implications for development are discussed.
The curious commentary on the citation practices of Avner Greif

Rowley’s (Public Choice 140:275–285, 2009) claim that I have “expropriated” (p. 276) intellectual property rights from Professor Landa by insufficiently citing her works is vacuous. It failed, among other faults, to recognize the substantive distinction between the lines of research pursued by Professor Landa and myself. Her analysis of trust is preferences-based while my analysis is beliefs-based. We talk about similar issues but what we say is very different.
Sea-level rise from glaciers and ice caps: a lower bound

[1] One of the most easily measured dimensions of a glacier, the accumulation area, is linked to future changes in glacier volume and consequent changes in sea level. Currently observed accumulation areas are too small, forcing glaciers to lose 27% of their volume to attain equilibrium with current climate. As a result, at least 184 ± 33 mm of sea-level rise are necessitated by mass wastage of the world's mountain glaciers and ice caps even if the climate does not continue to warm. If the climate continues to warm along current trends, a minimum of 373 ± 21 mm of sea-level rise over the next 100 years is expected from glaciers and ice caps. When compared to recent estimates from all other sources, melt water from glaciers must be considered as a particularly important fraction of the total sea-level rise expected this century.
Disgust in contamination-based obsessive–compulsive disorder: a review and model

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of unwanted, intrusive thoughts coupled with ritualized behaviors intended to reduce subjective anxiety. Although once considered a homogeneous disorder, recent findings support a view of OCD as consisting of symptom subtypes. Additionally, there has been increased interest in the contribution of disgust to various forms of psychopathology. The present article summarizes the available literature on contamination-based OCD with an emphasis on the role of disgust as it pertains to the etiology and maintenance of this form of OCD. We propose an updated model of contamination-based OCD that accounts for the elevated disgust response observed in individuals with this form of OCD. Treatment implications of a disgust-based model of the disorder are discussed in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Calcium Treatment for Premenstrual Syndrome

OBJECTIVE:TO evaluate the use of calcium supplementation in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.DATA SOURCES:Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE (from January 1967 to September 1999). Key search terms included calcium, PMS, and premenstrual.DATA SYNTHESIS:Up to 50% of women experience some form of premenstrual syndrome. An evaluation of studies focusing on calcium in the management of premenstrual symptoms was conducted.CONCLUSIONS:Calcium supplementation of 1200–1600 mg/d, unless contraindicated, should be considered a sound treatment option in women who experience premenstrual syndrome. The supplemental dose of calcium can be adjusted downward in the few patients who routinely consume large quantities of calcium in their diet.
Interaction of Mycobacterium avium-Containing Phagosomes with the Antigen Presentation Pathway

Pathogenic mycobacteria infect macrophages where they replicate in phagosomes that minimize contact with late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Loading of Ags to MHC class II molecules occurs in specialized compartments with late endosomal characteristics. This points to a sequestration of mycobacteria-containing phagosomes from the sites where Ags meet MHC class II molecules. Indeed, in resting macrophages MHC class II levels decreased strongly in phagosomes containing M. avium during a 4-day infection. Phagosomal MHC class II of early (4 h) infections was partly surface-derived and associated with peptide. Activation of host macrophages led to the appearance of H2-M, a chaperon of Ag loading, and to a strong increase in MHC class II molecules in phagosomes of acute (1 day) infections. Comparison with the kinetics of MHC class II acquisition by IgG-coated bead-containing phagosomes suggests that the arrest in phagosome maturation by mycobacteria limits the intersection of mycobacteria-containing phagosomes with the intracellular trafficking pathways of Ag-presenting molecules.
Feature tracking and object recognition on a hand-held

We demonstrate a visual recognition system operating on a hand-held device, with the help of an efficient and robust feature tracking and an object recognition mechanism that can be used for interactive mobile applications.
Psychotic phenomena in 257 young children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder: delusions and hallucinations (benign and pathological)

Objectives: In contrast to studies of adult bipolar I disorder (BP-I), there is a paucity of data on psychotic phenomena in child BP-I. Therefore, the aim of this work was to describe delusions and hallucinations in pediatric BP-I. Methods: Subjects were 257 participants, aged 6–16, in either of two large, ongoing, NIMH-funded studies, ‘Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolar Disorders’ or ‘Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM)’. All subjects had current DSM-IV BP-I (manic or mixed phase) with a Children’s Global Assessment Scale score ≤60 (definite clinical impairment), and all had cardinal mania symptoms (i.e., elation and/or grandiosity). Comprehensive assessments included the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH-U-KSADS), which was administered to parents about their children and separately to children about themselves by experienced research clinicians. The WASH-U-KSADS contains modules for developmentally child-age-specific manifestations of numerous categories of psychotic phenomena. Results: Psychosis was present in 76.3% (n = 196) of subjects, which included 38.9% (n = 100) with delusions, 5.1% (n = 13) with pathological hallucinations, and 32.3% (n = 83) with both. The most common delusion was grandiose (67.7%, n = 174), and the most common pathological hallucination was visual (16.0%, n = 41). Benign hallucinations occurred in 43.6% (n = 112). A median split by age yielded 6–9 year-olds (n = 139) and 10–16 year-olds (n = 118). Analyses of these two groups, and of 6, 7, 8, and 9 year-olds separately, found no significant differences in psychotic phenomena. Conclusions: Counterintuitively, psychosis was equally prevalent in 6–9 compared to 10–16 year-olds. High prevalence of psychosis in child BP-I warrants focus in intervention strategies and is consistent with increasing evidence of the severity of child-versus adult-onset BP-I.
Living benthic foraminifera of the Florida-Hatteras slope: Distribution trends and anomalies

The main part of the Florida-Hatteras slope and adjacent shelf edge, between the latitudes of Cape Fear and Daytona Beach, is strongly affected by the movements of the Gulf Stream. The area is nutrient-rich and supports a large assemblage of benthic foraminifera, of which 165 species were found living in samples collected in 4 seasons of 1977. The only major biotope boundary, recognized on the basis of aspects of diversity, dominance, and assemblage composition, coincides approximately with the 100-m isobath; no promounced latitudinal changes can be identified. The shallower biotope (shelf edge and upper slope) is characterized by Shannon-Wiener diversity values (H) of >2 and dominance of Planulina exorna , the deeper biotope (middle and lower slopes) by H of Bolivina lowmani . The abundance of another common species, Cassidulina subglobosa , shows a conspicuous increase on part of the shelf edge and on the upper and middle slopes, down to a depth of about 300 m. An impoverished fauna, dominated by Anomalina semipunctata , may be associated with a deep-water coral bank. Cluster analysis does not indicate any significant shift of the major biotope boundary during the year. Anomalously high foraminiferal densities, with a mean value of >3000/3-ml, on a small part of the upper slope off Daytona Beach are related to the effects of periodic upwelling. The substrate here has a high clay-silt, organic carbon, and hydrocarbon content. Bolivina subaenariensis , a rare species elsewhere, is locally abundant and is a dominant species in the foraminiferal biota.
The effect of surfactants on the flow characteristics of falling liquid films

In a recent publication (1) some conclusions were drawn regarding the effect of surfactants on the entrance region flow of falling liquid films. There were two errors made in that publication which need to be corrected. The first error concerns the comparison of the experimental data of Lynn (2) with the approximate solution presented by Strobel and Whitaker. In using Lynn's data it was not realized that the Reynolds number was defined as
Software development as spiritual metaphor

This paper explores the possibility of finding spiritual metaphors in software development. It looks at some of the basic concepts in software development and explores how these concepts can be recast as symbolic allusions to the work of perfecting human nature. The particular concepts from software development that are recast as spiritual metaphors include desirable software qualities (which turn out to be desirable qualities for human beings as well), software processes (which turn out to be symbolic of particular approaches to spiritual discipline), significant principles for developing quality software (which turn out to express fundamental truths on the human level) and issues in software security (which easily translate into metaphors relating to the struggle between the spiritual aspirant and those who would derail the aspirant from his/her journey).
Effects of Retroreflector Placement on the Nighttime Conspicuity of Pedestrians: An Open-Road Study

While considerable data indicate that positioning retroreflective markings on a pedestrian's extremities can dramatically enhance nighttime conspicuity, most relevant safety devices (vests) limit c...
Au and Pt nanoparticle supported catalysts tailored for H2 production: From models to powder catalysts

Abstract The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs), including Au and Pt, supported over oxides has been pivotal, and is ever increasing in enabling catalytic reactions which target the production of hydrogen. We review here the most recent works pertaining to the fundamental understanding of the structure, morphology, growth, characterization, and intrinsic phenomenological properties of Au- and Pt-based catalysts that influence the reactivity and selectivity to target hydrogen production. We draw on surface science and theoretical methods of model and powder catalysts using high resolution imaging, spectroscopy, scattering experiments, and theoretical studies. Based on these insights we identify key aspects of studies of supported metal nanoparticle (NP) catalysts for several reactions. The main focus of this review is on the intersection of catalytic chemistry related to the water-gas shift (WGS), oxygenate steam reforming (OSR), and solar-assisted reactions (SAR).
Induction of Genes Encoding Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Soybean Roots Inoculated with B. japonicum , Requires Nod Gene Induction and Occurs Independent of Any Known Host Functions

To address the possible roles of phenylpropanoid compounds in events occurring in roots following inoculation with the compatible symbiont, we have monitored expression of the gene members encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) during nodule development in soybeans. Plant and bacterial mutants that arrest nodule development at defined stages were analyzed to correlate changes in expression of PAL, CHS and CHI genes with distinct events in nodule development. Our results suggest that induction of the ‘symbiosis specific’ PAL and CHS gene members occurs prior to any known host responses like root hair curling, infection thread formation and cortical cell proliferation. Furthermore, our results show a direct correlation in the level of PAL and CHS transcripts with the number of successful nodule foci suggesting that the resulting phenylpropanoid compounds may play a role in cortical cell proliferation associated with nodule development.
Differences in the quantitative distribution of lysine-rich histones in neoplastic and normal tissues.

SummaryThe data obtained in the present study show that neoplastic tissues of the rat and calf contain the normal complement of lysine-rich histones, and that there are distinct quantitative differences between certain of the corresponding components of neoplastic and normal tissues. These results are discussed in relation to the postulated roles of histones as regulatory and/or structural elements of the genetic apparatus in higher organisms.
Photodissociation studies of the electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of Ni(+)(H2O).

The electronic spectrum of Ni+(H2O) has been measured from 16200 to 18000 cm–1 using photofragment spectroscopy. Transitions to two excited electronic states are observed; they are sufficiently long-lived that the spectrum is vibrationally and partially rotationally resolved. An extended progression in the metal–ligand stretch is observed, and the absolute vibrational quantum numbering is assigned by comparing isotopic shifts between 58Ni+(H2O) and 60Ni+(H2O). Time-dependent density functional calculations aid in assigning the spectrum. Two electronic transitions are observed, from the 2A1 ground state (which correlates to the 2D, 3d9 ground state of Ni+) to the 32A1 and 22A2 excited states. These states are nearly degenerate and correlate to the 2F, 3d84s excited state of Ni+. Both transitions are quite weak, but surprisingly, the transition to the 2A2 state is stronger, although it is symmetry-forbidden. The 3d84s states of Ni+ interact less strongly with water than does the ground state; therefore, the...
Numerical Study of Upstream Radiative Heating in 1-D Detonations

The attainment of high flame temperatures in detonations renders the resultant heat flux during the process worthy of consideration. The focus of the present study was on the radiative component of this heat flux. Through the usage of high resolution grids in the region downstream of the embedded shock wave, and the evaluation of chemical properties of the fluid through CHEMKIN, the radiative parameters affecting the region upstream of the shock wave were determined. Numerical integration of the governing equations for steady, one dimensional flow was attained using the Livermore Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations (LSODE). Commonly assumed constant temperature profile in the upstream region displayed a non-linear behavior after considering upstream heating, qualitatively similar to well established results in detonation waves. These results quantitatively describe the effect of heating of fresh reactants in detonations, serving as a tool for consideration in computations involving detonations, such as in pulse detonation.
Prognostic Value of Quantitative Metabolic Metrics on Baseline Pre-Sunitinib FDG PET/CT in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate various quantitative metrics on FDG PET/CT for monitoring sunitinib therapy and predicting prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Methods Seventeen patients (mean age: 59.0 ± 11.6) prospectively underwent a baseline FDG PET/CT and interim PET/CT after 2 cycles (12 weeks) of sunitinib therapy. We measured the highest maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of all identified lesions (highest SUVmax), sum of SUVmax with maximum six lesions (sum of SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) from baseline PET/CT and interim PET/CT, and the % decrease in highest SUVmax of lesion (%Δ highest SUVmax), the % decrease in sum of SUVmax, the % decrease in TLG (%ΔTLG) and the % decrease in MTV (%ΔMTV) between baseline and interim PET/CT, and the imaging results were validated by clinical follow-up at 12 months after completion of therapy for progression free survival (PFS). Results At 12 month follow-up, 6/17 (35.3%) patients achieved PFS, while 11/17 (64.7%) patients were deemed to have progression of disease or recurrence within the previous 12 months. At baseline, PET/CT demonstrated metabolically active cancer in all cases. Using baseline PET/CT alone, all of the quantitative imaging metrics were predictive of PFS. Using interim PET/CT, the %Δ highest SUVmax, %Δ sum of SUVmax, and %ΔTLG were also predictive of PFS. Otherwise, interim PET/CT showed no significant difference between the two survival groups regardless of the quantitative metric utilized including MTV and TLG. Conclusions Quantitative metabolic measurements on baseline PET/CT appears to be predictive of PFS at 12 months post-therapy in patients scheduled to undergo sunitinib therapy for mRCC. Change between baseline and interim PET/CT also appeared to have prognostic value but otherwise interim PET/CT after 12 weeks of sunitinib did not appear to be predictive of PFS.
Christological Discourse as Racial Discourse

This article presents a critical review of two edited volumes that deal with the complex intersection of christological discourse and racial discourse. The inquiry is guided by two questions: (1) How is the critical intersection between the two constructed and conceived? (2) What are the constructive solutions and proposals that are offered in response? After an examination of each book, an overall assessment is provided that highlights the enduring significance of race in American Christianity.
Contribution of ammonia oxidation to chemoautotrophy in Antarctic coastal waters

There are few measurements of nitrification in polar regions, yet geochemical evidence suggests that it is significant, and chemoautotrophy supported by nitrification has been suggested as an important contribution to prokaryotic production during the polar winter. This study reports seasonal ammonia oxidation (AO) rates, gene and transcript abundance in continental shelf waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula, where Thaumarchaeota strongly dominate populations of ammonia-oxidizing organisms. Higher AO rates were observed in the late winter surface mixed layer compared with the same water mass sampled during summer (mean±s.e.: 62±16 versus 13±2.8 nm per day, t-test P<0.0005). AO rates in the circumpolar deep water did not differ between seasons (21±5.7 versus 24±6.6 nm per day; P=0.83), despite 5- to 20-fold greater Thaumarchaeota abundance during summer. AO rates correlated with concentrations of Archaea ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes during summer, but not with concentrations of Archaea amoA transcripts, or with ratios of Archaea amoA transcripts per gene, or with concentrations of Betaproteobacterial amoA genes or transcripts. The AO rates we report (<0.1–220 nm per day) are ~10-fold greater than reported previously for Antarctic waters and suggest that inclusion of Antarctic coastal waters in global estimates of oceanic nitrification could increase global rate estimates by ~9%. Chemoautotrophic carbon fixation supported by AO was 3–6% of annualized phytoplankton primary production and production of Thaumarchaeota biomass supported by AO could account for ~9% of the bacterioplankton production measured in winter. Growth rates of thaumarchaeote populations inferred from AO rates averaged 0.3 per day and ranged from 0.01 to 2.1 per day.
Asymmetric and selective object rendering for optimized Cloud Mobile 3D Display Gaming user experience

Cloud Mobile 3D Display Gaming has been recently proposed where 3D video rendering and encoding are performed on cloud servers, with the resulting 3D video streamed wirelessly to mobile devices with 3D displays. This approach has the advantage of relieving high computation, power and storage requirements of 3D display gaming from mobile devices, while enabling game developers to focus on a single rich version of the game which can be experienced from any mobile device and platform. However, it is challenging to stream 3D video over dynamically fluctuating and often constrained mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a novel technique called Asymmetric and Selective Object Rendering (ASOR) which proves to be more powerful than previous solutions for Cloud based Mobile 3D display gaming. Specifically, this technique will enable rendering engine to intelligently decide whether or not to render an individual object and how good the corresponding texture detail will be if rendered, and the settings can be asymmetric for two views. Thus, unimportant objects can trade quality for reduced bitrate while important objects can remain high quality so that the overall user experience is optimized given certain bandwidth constraints. To quantitatively measure the user experience and bitrate by applying different rendering settings, we develop a user experience model and a bitrate model. We further propose an optimization algorithm which uses the above two models to automatically decide the optimal rendering settings for left view and right view to ensure the best user experience given the network conditions. Experiments conducted using real 4G-LTE network profiles on commercial cloud service with different genres of games demonstrate significant improvement in user experience when the proposed optimization algorithm is applied.
Blood cell respirometry is associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle bioenergetics: Implications for a minimally invasive biomarker of mitochondrial health

Blood based bioenergetic profiling strategies are emerging as potential reporters of systemic mitochondrial function; however, the extent to which these measures reflect the bioenergetic capacity of other tissues is not known. The premise of this work is that highly metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, are susceptible to differences in systemic bioenergetic capacity. Therefore, we tested whether the respiratory capacity of blood cells, monocytes and platelets, are related to contemporaneous respirometric assessments of skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria. 18 female vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) of varying age and metabolic status were examined for this study. Monocyte and platelet maximal capacity correlated with maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of permeabilized skeletal muscle (R=0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.97; R=0.51, 95%CI: 0.05-0.81; respectively), isolated skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR; R=0.70, 95%CI: 0.35-0.89; R=0.64, 95%CI: 0.23-0.98; respectively), and isolated cardiac muscle mitochondrial RCR (R=0.55, 95%CI: 0.22-0.86; R=0.58, 95%CI: 0.22-0.85; respectively). These results suggest that blood based bioenergetic profiling may be used to report on the bioenergetic capacity of muscle tissues. Blood cell respirometry represents an attractive alternative to tissue based assessments of mitochondrial function in human studies based on ease of access and the minimal participant burden required by these measures.
The Forgotten Kin: Aunts and Uncles

Preface 1. Relational landscapes 2. The study 3. Describing the relationships 4. Essential aunting and uncling 5. Mentoring 6. Family work 7. Friendship 8. The social reproduction of aunts and uncles 9. Balancing the composition Appendices.
Review: The Complete Architecture of Adler and Sullivan by Richard Nickel and Aaron Siskind with John Vinci and Ward Miller

Richard Nickel and Aaron Siskind with John Vinci and Ward Miller. The Complete Architecture of Adler and Sullivan . Chicago: Richard Nickel Committee, 2010, distributed by the University of Chicago Press, 461 pp., 51 color and 758 b/w illus. $95, ISBN 9780966027327 In its depth and breadth of research, elegance and range of images, and quality and size of production, this book may be without precedent in historical studies of American architecture. Its creation involved extraordinary, ongoing collaboration among architects, historians, preservationists, photographers, curators, librarians, foundations, book designers, printers, and other contributors over nearly sixty years since the project’s inception. It has been so long in development that its creation bridges the prevailing midcentury consensus that Sullivan was a forerunner of the modern movement, and the renewed interest of the later twentieth century in his work’s ornamental richness, a view that coincided with the postmodern architectural movement of the 1980s. This book’s store of information will assist with ongoing efforts to preserve and restore Adler and Sullivan’s extant buildings, and it will help to clarify the original architectural context of ornamental fragments from their works that are today housed in various public and private collections. Apart from its rich documentation of Adler and Sullivan’s architecture, this volume’s images highlight how different photographers have presented the work of the architects, as the field of architectural photography evolved in the last century. The book is organized into two complementary sections. The first includes six essays by John Vinci that chronicle the development of Adler and Sullivan’s work together until their partnership ended in 1895, and their subsequent individual careers until Adler’s death in 1900 and Sullivan’s in 1924. These essays are illustrated by black-and-white photographs and some drawings integrated with the text. But each essay is also followed by a series of mostly black-and-white and some color plates that are largely but not exclusively the photographs of Richard Nickel, who began to document Adler and Sullivan’s architecture in 1952 as a student of Aaron Siskind, in a course on architectural photography at the Institute …