cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
U.S. Skilled Immigrant Employment and Public Firms

Characteristics of skilled immigrant workers – age, educational attainment, and occupational skills – changed after the U.S. immigration policy shock of 2004 when the maximum number of new skilled immigrant visas was reduced to 90,000. We observe a higher (lower) probability of hiring younger (older) skilled immigrants after the policy shock. Larger firms, firms that are high growth, that have low financial distress risk, and that make large investment in R&D are more likely to hire skilled immigrants. Most of the demand for skilled immigrants is in computer-related occupations, in science and mathematics, and in engineering and architecture. Younger skilled immigrants seem to substitute older skilled immigrants and skilled immigrant hiring is correlated with firm-level capital investment in research and innovation for occupations related to science and mathematics.
Cardiac Imaging and Management of Prosthetic Valve Candida Parapsilosis Endocarditis.

Fungal infective endocarditis is a rare and serious form of endocarditis associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The greatest propensity for infection can be found in patients with implanted prosthetic valves, implanted cardiac devices, and intravenous drug use. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with a prior bioprosthetic mitral valve who was diagnosed with Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Computed tomography imaging of the abdomen was significant for splenic infarcts, and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a 1.23 cm x 0.55 cm lesion and 1.02 cm x 0.545 cm lesion on the bioprosthetic valve. The patient was subsequently treated with Amphotericin B and life-long Fluconazole. This case highlights the imaging findings and treatment of a rare disease process.
The health status of elderly veteran enrollees in the Veterans Health Administration.

Objectives: To examine the health status of elderly veteran enrollees, stratified by age group, and compare with nonveteran populations. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient. Participants: A total of 1,406,049 veteran enrollees were surveyed, and 887,775 returned the questionnaire (63.1%). Of these, 663,729 (74%) were aged 65 and older. Measurements: Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and health status, which was assessed using the Veterans 36-item short form (SF-36), a reliable and valid measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: Elderly veteran enrollees are a group with poor health status across all scales of the Veterans SF-36. Significant decline in HRQoL was found in patients grouped by increasing age (65–74, 75–84, and ≥85). Of the Veterans SF-36 scales, the role physical and role emotional scales and physical functioning presented the largest decrements by age group. The elderly veteran enrollees had poorer health status than older people enrolled in Medicare managed care, ranging from 0.5 to 1 standard deviations worse. Conclusion: Elderly veteran enrollees have substantial disease burden, as reflected by major impairments across multiple dimensions of HRQoL. These findings bear important implications for use of services, suggesting that the Veterans Health Administration will require considerable resources to provide care for its aging population.
Revisiting the Urban Classics

The classic urban pluralist studies are reconceptualized as providing alternative theoretical perspectives. These political order and economic development perspectives exert an enduring influence, as seen in urban regime theory and in Paul Peterson's economistic conception of politics in City Limits. A supplementary theoretical perspective is proposed that addresses the problem of inequality and takes the promotion of social justice as the principal task of urban governance. Reconciling the three perspectives provides a more comprehensive framework for conducting research.
Near-Optimum adaptive tessellation of general catmull-clark subdivision surfaces

A new adaptive tessellation method for general Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces is presented. Development of the new method is based on the observation that optimum adaptive tessellation for rendering purpose is a recursive error evaluation and globalization process. The adaptive tessellation process is done by generating an inscribing polyhedron to approximate the limit surface for each individual patch. The inscribing polyhedron is generated through an adaptive subdivision on the patch's parameter space driven by a recursive error evaluation process. This approach generates less faces in the resulting approximating mesh while meeting the given precision requirement. The crack problem is avoided through globalization of new vertices generated in the adaptive subdivision process of the parameter space. No crack-detection or crack-elimination is needed in the adaptive tessellation process. Therefore, no mesh element splitting to eliminate cracks is necessary. The new adaptive tessellation method can precisely measure the error for every point of the limit surface. Hence, it has complete control of the accuracy of the tessellation result.
Accessory Adrenocortical Tissue, Mouse

Hummel (1958) studied the location of accessory adrenal glands with the dissecting microscope. Accessory adrenal cortical nodules on the left side surround the vena cava and renal vein, and on the right are in proximity to the renal vein or the adrenal vessels. Dunn (1970) observed these accessory nodules in the measorchium. They cannot be seen with the unaided eye.
Prosecutors Hide, Defendants Seek: The Erosion of Brady Through the Defendant Due Diligence Rule

This Article is the first to examine the routine — but problematic — practice of courts forgiving prosecutors for failing to disclose Brady evidence if the defendant or his lawyer knew or with due diligence could have known about the evidence. This Article begins by explaining the insidious emergence of the “due diligence” rule and catalogs how courts have defined, justified, and applied the rule since Brady v. Maryland. It argues that while the rule is not without intuitive appeal, its burden-shifting framework is troubling and suspect. The defendant due diligence rule is directly contrary to the due process and truth-seeking principles fundamental to Brady, and it ignores basic realities of adversarial criminal practice. This Article exposes and refutes several misperceptions upon which the rule rests: (1) that prosecutors can always accurately evaluate what evidence is sufficiently available through due diligence so as to justify nondisclosure; (2) that the exculpatory facts contained in a record, and in theory available to the defense, are always equal in evidentiary value to the record itself; (3) that defendants can always accurately identify legally relevant facts in their cases and can communicate effectively with their lawyers; (4) that defense lawyers have the same resources as prosecutors and, therefore, have the same ability to conduct diligent investigations; and (5) that any problems with the defendant due diligence rule can be addressed in postconviction proceedings through claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. This Article concludes by calling for elimination of the rule and the restoration of Brady’s intended framework.
The collaborative research process in complex human services agencies: Identifying and responding to organizational constraints

Abstract Social service devolution and increased accountability demands have created new opportunities for researchers to develop collaborative research relationships with human service agencies. However, results from such research have been underused in agency decision-making. This article examines selected organizational constraints that limit both the conduct of collaborative research and the utilization of results. Issues analyzed include the differing research orientations and political skills of agency collaborators; conflicting organizational imperatives; and decision-making unpredictability due to external constraints and the shifting attention of key organizational actors. Based on this analysis, strategies are presented for improving the prospects that collaborative research will be used in agency decision-making. Particular attention is given to the selection of agency collaborators, as well as the development of a long-term approach to building influence within organizations.
On the characteristic exponents of the general three-body problem

In this article we describe some properties of the characteristic exponents of the general three-body problem. Our analysis is based on the variational equations written in Lagrangian form (section 3) rather than the more usual Hamiltonian form. It is shown that the basic property of the matrix of the linearized equations of motion is the skew-symplecticity exhibited in equation (18). This property generates the symplectic property (equation 21, section 4) of the fundamental solution matrix R and of the monodromy matrix. These properties are not unique to the general three-body problem, but they hold for all dynamical systems with a Lagrangian of the form (1).
PEM Fuel Cells

PEM fuel cells use a proton conductive polymer membrane as electrolyte. PEM stands for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane or Proton Exchange Membrane. Sometimes they are also called polymer membrane fuel cells, or just membrane fuel cells. In the early days (1960s) they were known as Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) fuel cells. This technology has drawn the most attention because of its simplicity, viability, quick start-up, and it has been demonstrated in almost any conceivable application, from powering a cell phone to a locomotive.
Using image analysis and ArcGIS ® to improve automatic grain boundary detection and quantify geological images

Geological images, such as photos and photomicrographs of rocks, are commonly used as supportive evidence to indicate geological processes. A limiting factor to quantifying images is the digitization process; therefore, image analysis has remained largely qualitative. ArcGIS^(R), the most widely used Geographic Information System (GIS) available, is capable of an array of functions including building models capable of digitizing images. We expanded upon a previously designed model built using Arc ModelBuilder^(R) to quantify photomicrographs and scanned images of thin sections. In order to enhance grain boundary detection, but limit computer processing and hard drive space, we utilized a preprocessing image analysis technique such that only a single image is used in the digitizing model. Preprocessing allows the model to accurately digitize grain boundaries with fewer images and requires less user intervention by using batch processing in image analysis software and ArcCatalog^^^(R). We present case studies for five basic textural analyses using a semi-automated digitized image and quantified in ArcMap^(R). Grain Size Distributions, Shape Preferred Orientations, Weak phase connections (networking), and Nearest Neighbor statistics are presented in a simplified fashion for further analyses directly obtainable from the automated digitizing method. Finally, we discuss the ramifications for incorporating this method into geological image analyses.
Nanofiltration Concentration Effect on the Efficacy of Lactose Crystallization

Application of nanofiltration membranes to processing sweet whey and skim milk ultrafiltration permeate increased lactose crystal yield by about 10 and 8 %, respectively, at a concentration factor of 3.0. These increases were attributed to depletion of minerals, especially monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium, by the partial demineralization effect of the nanofiltration membrane. These membranes may be incorporated into current industrial processes for producing lactose from whey and milk permeates.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Awareness and Use for Advanced Traveler Information Systems

In this article, the relationships among technology ownership and availability, Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) awareness, and ATIS frequency of use are examined. The four main media considered are the Internet, television, radio, and telephone/other. Awareness and use of ATIS through the four media considered here are different for different users. They also change as household and person characteristics change over time. Since Information and (tele)Communication Technology (ICT) adoption is changing rapidly, this has a significant positive effect on Internet-based ATIS but not a clearly negative effect on all other media. The relationship between awareness and use appears to be nonlinear and dependent on the medium considered. Evidence of substitution between television and Internet and enhancement among other media were also found in this study.
A New Image of Classical Key Sector Analysis: Minimum Information Decomposition of the Leontief Inverse

This paper provides a theoretical framework for the Rasmussen-Hirschman key sector analysis based on a minimum information approach. This approach introduces a separation of information about regional economic structure into two parts. In the first part, knowledge about economic structure, extracted on the basis of minimum information included in the row and column multipliers, is extracted from the Leontief inverse matrix. The second part presents the specifics of synergetic interactions between different sectors of the economy. A corresponding intensity matrix represents the strength of the fields of influence of simultaneous multiple changes. From this formulation, a minimum information decomposition of the Leontief inverse is shown to exist and applied to Chinese input-output tables for 1987 and 1990.
Beyond access: extending our thinking on health policy.

Expanding access is often seen as a panacea for health problems. Although access is a necessary step, it is also important that policy analysts do not fail to consider postaccess issues. Increased access to health is often assumed to be synonymous with improved health outcomes; however, just because access exists does not mean (1) that everyone will take advantage of access to resources or (2) that those taking advantage of access will necessarily see improved outcomes. This article focuses on three aspects of health policy, (1) the types of postaccess issues that exist, (2) the “if you build it, they will come” syndrome, and (3) updating the Anderson/Aday model of health care access to better theoretically understand postaccess issues.
Induction of NMDA receptor-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) in visual cortex of adult rats.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine: (1) whether long-term potentiation (LTP) can be induced in slices from adult rat visual cortex under conditions where inhibition is not antagonized, and (2) the role of N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors in its induction. The field potential elicited in layer III in response to stimulation of the subcortical white matter consisted of a component with peak latency 5–8 ms ( N 1) and, in most slices, a second component with peak latency 13–19 ms ( N 2). N 1 was generated via both kainate/α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA) and NMDA receptor activation as revealed by bath application of 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) and d,l -2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). N 2 was insensitive to APV in most of the slices and was probably since it did not follow stimulation at 0.5 Hz. Tetanic stimulation of the white matter in normal medium induced LTP of N 1; in some slices N 2 also potentiated. Tetanic stimulation in the presence of APV also induced LTP of N 1 and sometimes N 2. LTP of N 1 induced in APV was of a larger magnitude, and was expressed more quickly than LTP induced in normal medium. It appears that the known reduction of NMDA receptor activity in adult neocortex is accompanied by the development of other mechanisms that maintain synaptic plasticity; these mechanisms seem to operate more efficiently in absence of NMDA receptor activation.
Impact of the Common Core on Social-Emotional Learning Initiatives with Diverse Students.

A leading challenge for educators in the twenty-first century is to effectively promote academic outcomes among diverse student learners. Indeed, students from diverse and/or minority ethno-cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds are much more likely to experience academic difficulties and dropout. The Common Core initiative has been endorsed nationally, with a majority of states and federal territories following suit rapidly with implementation of new standardized testing regiments in the hopes of improving student learning and raising academic knowledge of all students. While this desire to improve academic outcomes of children is laudable, critics contend that the new standards are being established hastily and without due care as to how implementation of the new testing standards will impact school programming, student engagement, or long-term student learning. Research increasingly is showing that implementation of evidence-based social-emotional learning (SEL) interventions by classroom teachers and other school personnel can improve both immediate and long-term social-emotional competencies and also can result in direct and measurable academic gains. Advocates fear that implementation of Common Core initiatives will result in increased instructional demands and classroom time related to helping students pass standardize testing requirements, at the expense of social-emotional programming and other classroom enrichment activities that may better promote long-term student outcomes. This article will explore the growing evidence base for SEL programming in the schools and will discuss how Common Core initiatives, while perhaps well-intentioned, may actually hinder rather support student achievement outcomes.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Arrestin Distribution in Mouse Photoreceptors During Dark/Light Cycle

Arrestin localization was studied in BALB/c mice retinas during a 12-hr dark/light diurnal cycle and under various light/dark interruptions. Intracellular distribution of arrestin in photoreceptor cells was determined by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. During the light phase of the diurnal cycle, arrestin was localized mostly in the rod outer segments. During the dark phase of the cycle, arrestin was localized mostly in the inner segment, nuclei and synaptic terminals. The disc domains of the rod outer segments were labeled at a low density, but conspicuous cytoplasmic regions in the outer segment were labeled at a very high density. These cytoplasmic regions were not labeled in our illuminated retinas. Hence, intrasegmental segregation within the outer segment may be influenced by environmental lighting. During dark adaptation, increase in inner segment labeling density was observed. In previous studies, decrease in outer segment and increase in inner segment labeling density in the dark, as determined by light microscopy, was interpreted as movement of arrestin from the outer to inner segments. Our present ultrastructural analysis of arrestin distribution indicates that yet undetermined amounts of arrestin accumulate in localized regions of the outer segment in the dark. The extent of movement of arrestin to the inner segment, if it occurs, remains to be established. Localization of arrestin in phagosomes indicates that at least part of the arrestin is being degraded in the pigment epithelium.
Monte Carlo simulation of domain growth in the kinetic Ising model on the connection machine

Abstract A fast multispin algorithm for the Monte Carlo simulation of the two-dimensional spin-exchange kinetic Ising model, previously described by Sullivan and Mountain and used by Amar et al. has been adapted for use on the Connection Machine and applied as a first test in a calculation of domain growth. Features of the code include: (a) the use of demon bits, (b) the simulation of several runs simultaneously to improve the efficiency of the code, (c) the use of virtual processors to simulate easily and efficiently a larger system size, (d) the use of the (NEWS) grid for last communication between neighbouring processors and updating of boundary layers, (e) the implementation of an efficient random number generator much faster than that provided by Thinking Machines Corp., and (f) the use of the LISP function “funcall” to select which processors to update. Overall speed of the code when run on a (128x128) processor machine is about 130 million attempted spin-exchanges per second, about 9 times faster than the comparable code, using hardware vectorised-logic operations and 64-bit multispin coding on the Cyber 205. The same code can be used on a larger machine (65 536 processors) and should produce speeds in excess of 500 million attempted spin-exchanges per second.
Pressure dependent phase diagram of MX chains

Abstract We investigate the phase diagram of halogen-bridged, mixed-valence, transition-metal linear chain complexes (MX chains) near the crossover from charge-density-wave (CDW) to metallic or antiferromagnetic (AF) behavior - i.e., in the regime where both electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions are important. We discuss spin/charge separation found near the phase boundary, analogous to that seen in 2-D high TC models, and novel long-period states driven by electron-phonon induced spin frustration. We also compare the theoretical predictions with recent experimental evidence for a pressure-induced CDW/AF crossover in the neutral chain [PtBr2][PtBr4(NH3)2]. We compare the experimental pressure dependent behavior of the frequency of the Raman ν1 mode with the predicted dependence in our two-band, tight-binding, Peierls-Hubbard model for MX chains, and discuss the relative importance of the various terms to reproduce the experimental behavior.
Wasp research: strengths, weaknesses, and future directions.

AbstractResearch on vespid wasps (yellowjackets in U.S. A.) published in Volume 16 of the New Zealand journal of zoology and research on vespids preceding papers in this volume are critiqued. In addition to noting strength, weaknesses, and omissions in this research, suggestions are given for possible new directions.
Predictors of neuropsychological impairment in alcoholics: antisocial versus nonantisocial subtypes.

The role of demographic, perinatal/developmental, and acquired subject characteristics in determining neuropsychological (NP) performance was investigated in 22 alcoholics with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and 84 non-ASPD alcoholics. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that in ASPD subjects, poor NP performance was predicted by less education, childhood symptoms of Conduct Disorder, drinks per drinking day. and history of head injury, accounting for 80% of the explained variance (p < .0001). In non-ASPD subjects. NP performance was predicted by self-reported history of diagnosed Attention Deficit Disorder, Verbal Learning Disability, and symptoms of Nonverbal Learning Disability, accounting for 24% of the explained variance (p < .0001). These results suggest the presence of potentially different lifelong paths to NP impairment among ASPD and non-ASPD alcoholics. Further exploration of the multivariate predictors of neuropsychological performance in subgroups of alcoholics is warranted.
Simplified methods for the computation of asymmetric rotor energy levels and line strengths

Abstract Simplified methods for the computation of asymmetric rotor energy levels and line strengths are described. The form of the reduced energy matrices used by previous authors as starting point for computations has been modified by a simple algebraic reduction in a manner which permits substantial savings in the amount of numerical work required for the calculation of rigid rotor energy levels and centrifugal distortion corrections. A simplification of the line strength calculations is achieved by using a method for the determination of the diagonalization matrices needed in these calculations which is more straightforward than the method described by King, Hainer, and Cross. Explicit line strength formulas for low rotational quantum numbers and approximation formulas for nearly symmetric rotors are given.
Leveraging Blue Gene for commercial applications

Summary form only given. Blue Gene is recognized as a world leader in the HPC marketplace. Many of the characteristics that have contributed to this success are valuable for financial service customers. Blue Genepsilas low power per computation ratio, ultra-reliability, small footprint, and low cost-of-ownership, are valuable to commercial customers. However, programming environments on blue gene have traditionally been geared to the HPC space instead of traditional commercial customers. Currently, several teams in IBM Research are investigating programming models suitable for using blue gene in a commercial environment. Notable among them is an engagement with TD bank for streaming financial applications. In this talk I will describe the different areas of ongoing research and describe the effectiveness of bringing Blue Gene technology to bear on these commercial problems.
Secretion of a unique peptide from interleukin-2-stimulated natural killer cells that induces endomitosis in immature human megakaryocytes.

When interleukin-2 (IL-2) was added to immature, low-ploidy (greater than 80% 2N+4N) megakaryocytes generated in IL-3 and stem cell factor (SCF)–containing liquid cultures of blood mononuclear cells highly enriched in hematopoietic progenitors, a 2- to 6-fold increase in the absolute number of polyploid (more than 8N) megakaryocytes was noted. This effect was found to be indirect and was mediated through natural killer (NK) cells that constitute the major lymphoid cell contaminating day 6 megakaryocyte cell populations. IL-2 had no effect on megakaryocytes generated from CD34+ cells stimulated with IL-3 and SCF. However, medium conditioned by IL-2–stimulated, but not resting, NK cells (NKCM) contained a trypsin-sensitive factor capable of increasing 2- to 5-fold the number of polyploid megakaryocytes generated in vitro from IL-3 and SCF-stimulated CD34+ cells. The activity in NKCM was dose dependent and could not be neutralized by an excess of antibodies to IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), gp130, stromal cell derived factor-1a (SDF-1a), and thrombopoietin (TPO). Addition of IL-11, but not TPO, to NKCM-containing cultures resulted in further augmentation of polyploidy, with the generation of 50% to 70% polyploid megakaryocytes with a modal ploidy of 16N. This factor is distinct from TPO because it induces endomitosis in IL-3–generated megakaryocytes in vitro, whereas TPO does not, and its activity on megakaryocyte ploidy is not altered by optimal concentrations of TPO. In addition, no message for TPO is detectable in IL-2–stimulated NK cells by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. These findings indicate that IL-2–stimulated NK cells produce a novel peptide, distinct from TPO, IL-6, IL-11, LIF, other gp130-associated interleukins, and SDF1a, that can induce in vitro endomitosis in immature human megakaryocytes in the presence of IL-3 and SCF.
Proper-Motion Catalog from SDSS ? USNO-B

We present a catalog of 390,000 stars with proper motions ? ? 20 mas yr-1 and magnitudes r' ? 20, drawn from the intersection of the SDSS Data Release One and USNO-B. We first use SDSS quasars to correct the proper motions in each of the two source catalogs, finding that these corrections for systematics are comparable to the statistical errors. The combined proper motions have errors of ?? = 3.9 mas yr-1, significantly better than any previous catalog at these magnitudes. While cross-correlating SDSS and USNO-B removes the vast majority of the very large number of spurious proper-motion stars in each, some contamination remains, especially at faint magnitudes, r' 19.5, and high proper motions. We present a diagrammatic method to estimate the level of contamination in selected subsets of the catalog, which should be useful for choosing appropriate selection criteria for various applications.
Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Bovine Milk Proteins

Abstract A two-dimensional electrophoretic technique for the analysis of bovine milk proteins was developed. The first dimension separation was by isoelectric focusing in the presence of a nonionic detergent (Nonidet NP-40) and urea and utilized a modified pH gradient from pH 3 to 10. Isoelectric separation was followed by discontinuous, dissociating PAGE using a 14% acrylamide concentration for the resolving gel. This procedure is able to separate the major bovine milk caseins into classes, and to resolve at least some of the genetic variants of these classes. β -Lactoglobulin was also resolved into two bands differing in isoelectric point. The technique was used to examine the effects of high speed centrifugation on the distribution of casein proteins in raw skim milk.
Quantitative imaging of magnetization transfer using multiple selective pulses.

New spectroscopic and imaging methods have been developed for quantitatively measuring magnetization transfer (MT). These methods use trains of radiofrequency (rf) pulses with pulse separations much longer than 1/kmf and pulse durations much shorter than 1/kmf, where kmf is the rate of MT from the immobile (macromolecular) protons to the mobile (free water) protons. Signal sensitivity to MT occurs when these pulses affect the mobile and immobile proton pools to different degrees. The signal from water may be quantitatively related to the macromolecular content of the sample using theory. The method has been used to make quantitative measurements of macromolecular content in cross-linked bovine serum albumin and employed in conjunction with echoplanar imaging to produce maps of the spatial distribution of the macromolecular content. Magn Reson Med 41:1065–1072, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies on thyroid cell surface glycoproteins: isolation of plasma membranes and characterization of carbohydrate units.

Abstract Plasma membranes were isolated from calf thyroid microsomes and further resolved into two subfractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugations. The lighter and major membrane fraction was obtained in a yield of 10 mg/100 g of thyroid and was enriched 38-fold with respect to 5′-nucleotidase activity compared to the homogenate. It differed from the denser plasma membrane fraction in containing greater amounts of phospholipid and cholesterol but had a similar total carbohydrate content (16 mg/100 mg protein) and monosaccharide composition. The membranes were found to retain most (80%) of their carbohydrate after delipidation. The major protein-bound sugars present in the lighter membrane fraction expressed as micromoles per 100 mg of peptide were: galactose 24, mannose 17, fucose 3, glucosamine 23, galactosamine 4, and sialic acid 9. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate of the lipid-free membranes revealed at least 18 protein bands and 3 periodic acid-Schiffreactive glycoprotein components. Incubation of the delipidated membranes with Pronase resulted in the solubilization of 95% of the saccharide portion which upon filtration through Bio-Gel P-6 and P-10 columns yielded several glycopeptide fractions. While some of the carbohydrate was found in glycopeptides which appeared to contain the well-known complex and polymannose asparagine-bound oligosaccharides, as well as small O-glycosidically linked units, approximately half was recovered in high molecular weight components which contained galactose and glucosamine as their principal sugar constituents, and which were similar in composition to glycopeptides recently isolated ( T. Krusius, J. Finne, and H. Rauvala, 1978, Eur. J. Biochem.92, 289–300 ) from human erythrocyte membranes.
Noncognate function of B cells in transplantation

How B cells affect the outcome of transplants is a question of enduring interest. Initial efforts to answer that question suggested, wrongly, that B cells have no impact on transplantation. Now, however, B cells are known to influence not only the outcome of vascularized grafts through the production of anti-donor antibodies but also the competence of cellular immunity through a number of physiologic functions. In this study, we explain why the importance of B cells was overlooked in the past and consider the range of noncognate functions of B cells that may determine the outcome of transplants.
Changes in arachidonic acid metabolism in UV-irradiated hairless mouse skin.

This study was conducted to investigate the metabolism of arachidonic acid in the skin of hairless mice exposed to UVA, PUVA, UVB, and UVC irradiation. The main products of arachidonic acid in the epidermis were hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), PGE 2 , and PGD 2 . Dermis displayed a lower lipoxygenase activity (expressed as HETE production) than the epidermis and showed no detectable cyclooxygenase activity, i.e., no prostaglandin production. The main changes observed in UV-induced inflammatory reactions were as follows. 1. A 5-fold increase in dermal HETE production in PUVA-treated animals and a 29% reduction in epidermal HETE formation after UVC treatment. 2. A marked decrease of PGD 2 and a marked increase of PGE 2 formation due to alterations of PGH 2 metabolism in the UVB-treated group; however, cyclooxygenase activity was unchanged. These changes in arachidonic acid metabolism in the skin may be of pathophysiologic importance in UV-induced inflammatory reaction.
On Peacocks and Peahens: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Effects of Economic Development on Sex Differences in Dress:

The proposition that men dressed at least as elaborately as women in preindustrial cultures was investigated using data from the Human Relations Area Files. Content analyses of the materials listed under Trait 291 (normal garb—including ordinary dress and description of garments for men and women) and Trait 301 (ornament-including jewelry and hair ornaments) were performed. A global judgment was made for each culture regarding which sex wore the most complex or ornate clothing and ornament. A total of 161 cultures had sufficient information to form this judgment and also were coded for percentage of the subsistence economy dependent on gathering, hunting, fishing, animal husbandry and agriculture in Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas. Chi-square analyses, non-parametric correlations, comparison of means and multiple discriminant function analyses were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the economic activities characteristic of agrarian societies (animal husbandry and agriculture) were associated w...
Stroke: Misery perfusion in cerebrovascular disease--is it important?

Recent studies suggest that advances in medical therapy have reduced the risk of stroke in patients with major cerebral artery disease, but does this trend apply to those with misery perfusion? A new study indicates that these patients remain at very high risk, highlighting the unmet need for a preventative treatment.
REACTIVITY OF PROTEIN SULFHYDRYL GROUPS ASSAYED SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY USING AN AZOMERCURIAL DYE.

Abstract A method for the estimation of protein sulfhydryl groups has been devised in which mercaptides are formed with an azo dye possessing monofunctional mercury, 4-( p -hydroxybenzeneazo) phenylmercuriacetate. The excess azomercurial is removed with an ion-exchange resin and the mercaptide formed determined spectrophotometrically.
Caution, The Use of Humor May Lead to Confusion: Evaluation of a Video Podcast of the Midwest Teen Sex Show

Web sites about sexual health lack the interactivity, humor, and “viral” nature required to attract young adults. The Midwest Teen Sex Show (www.midwestteensexshow.com) is an interactive, humor-based Web site that provides sexual health information to young adults. One episode from the Web site was shown to six focus groups of young women, ages 18–30. Women found it funny, but some were offended or confused. Women were unable to differentiate between facts and humor; however, women could identify the key messages. Most women reported they would think about it later, visit the Web site, and share it with friends. Web-based interventions should use humor with caution.
Fluence-related risk coefficients using the Harderian gland data as an example.

A new concept is introduced for assessing the risk of radiation-induced cancer to space travelers: a fluence-related risk coefficient F (called the risk cross section), which is the risk of a cancer per unit particle fluence for a given particle type. Fs are functions of the LET of the particles in the radiation field and, when integrated over fluence-LET spectra and summed, yield the risk of the endpoint of interest. As an example, tumor prevalence data in mice are used to estimate the probability of the induction of mouse Harderian-gland tumor per year on an extramagnetospheric mission inside an idealized shielding configuration of a spherical 1 g/sq cm hick aluminum shell. Results indicate a yearly tumor prevalence of 0.06 at solar minimum conditions, with 60 percent of this arising from charge components with Z between 10 and 28, and two-thirds of the contribution arising from LET components between 10 and 200 keV/micron.
Estimates of performance sensitivity of a stochastic system

Three kinds of estimates of the performance sensitivity of a stochastic system are discussed. The convergence properties of these estimates are investigated. The first estimate, using the time average of the derivative of the performance function calculated along a sample trajectory, is generally preferable when certain conditions hold for the performance function. The variance of the second estimate, using the same input random process, is much less than that of the third estimate, which uses tow different input processes. An example of a one-dimensional linear system with a quadratic performance function is given; it illustrates the general approach to verifying the conditions related to the first estimate for linear systems. >
Examining Continuity of Care for Medicaid-Enrolled Children Receiving Oral Health Services in Medical Offices

Children living in poverty encounter barriers to dentist visits and disproportionally experience dental caries. To improve access, most state Medicaid programs reimburse pediatric primary care providers for delivering preventive oral health services. To understand continuity of oral health services for children utilizing the North Carolina (NC) Into the Mouths of Babes (IMB) preventive oral health program, we examined the time to a dentist visit after a child’s third birthday. This retrospective cohort study used NC Medicaid claims from 2000 to 2006 for 95,578 Medicaid-enrolled children who received oral health services before age 3. We compared children having only dentist visits before age 3 to those with: (1) only IMB visits and (2) both IMB and dentist visits. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the time to a dentist visit following a child’s third birthday. Propensity scores with inverse-probability-of-treatment-weights were used to address confounding. Children with only IMB visits compared to only dentist visits before age 3 had lower rates of dentist visits after their third birthday [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 0.41, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.43]. No difference was observed for children having both IMB and dentist visits and only dentist visits (AHR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.96–1.03). Barriers to dental care remain as children age, hindering continuity of care for children receiving oral health services in medical offices.
An Experimental Method for Diffusion and Extraction Studies across the Liquid–Liquid Interface

An Experimental Method for Diffusion and Extraction Studies across the Liquid–Liquid Interface
All-Electron Scalar Relativistic Basis Sets for Third-Row Transition Metal Atoms.

A family of segmented all-electron relativistically contracted (SARC) basis sets for the elements Hf−Hg is constructed for use in conjunction with the Douglas−Kroll−Hess (DKH) and zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) scalar relativistic Hamiltonians. The SARC basis sets are loosely contracted and thus offer computational advantages compared to generally contracted relativistic basis sets, while their sufficiently small size allows them to be used in place of effective core potentials (ECPs) for routine studies of molecules. Practical assessments of the SARC basis sets in DFT calculations of atomic (ionization energies) as well as molecular properties (geometries and bond dissociation energies for MHn complexes) confirm that the basis sets yield accurate and reliable results, providing a balanced description of core and valence electron densities. CCSD(T) calculations on a series of gold diatomic compounds also demonstrate the applicability of the basis sets to correlated methods. The SARC basis sets ...
Startup Procedure for DSP-Controlled Three-Phase Six-Switch Boost PFC Rectifier

In three-phase applications, the six-switch boost power factor correction rectifier is the most widely employed topology because of its good performance and cost effectiveness. A vast amount of literature that deals with this circuit is exclusively focused on various control schemes aimed at optimizing different aspects of its steady-state and/or transient performance. However, almost no literature is available on its startup procedure, which is an indispensable part of control design of any practical circuit. To fill this gap, in this paper, a detailed startup procedure is described. This three-step startup procedure ensures that the inrush currents stay below a specified level and that the output voltage increases monotonically to its reference value, i.e., it does not exhibit any overshoot. The proposed startup procedure is illustrated with MATLAB/Simulink simulation waveforms and also experimentally verified.
Four Domains of Experience in the Therapeutic Discourse

Clinical observation, based on the psychoanalytic method and recorded in case reports, has been the traditional mode of psychoanalytic research and has constituted the major knowledge base for development of psychoanalytic theory and technique. The unique potential of the psychoanalytic method as a source of data concerning emotional experience and communication has not, however, been adequately realized using this approach. The case report provides direct information concerning that component of the analyst's experience that is within awareness and able to be formulated, but cannot provide access to the analyst's unconscious experience, or the patient's subjective experience, either conscious or unconscious. New multiperspective process research designs have been developed that incorporate the subjective experience of the analyst along with evaluation by consulting clinicians and application of objective measures. The new designs enable inference to the inner experience of both participants, including ex...
An assessment of posture in bipedal rats

Alteration in posture was examined following foreleg amputation in rats. After the surgical induction of bipedal stance, a detailed, quantified, and longitudinal assessment of rat posture and the amount of time spent in the upright stance was undertaken. An experimental group of rats had both forelimbs amputated. A group of unaltered quadrupedal rats served as controls. A standardized series of photographs of altered and control rats was taken. Postural differences between the two groups of rats were analyzed through photographic analysis of their profiles in upright and in crouched positions. Analysis of the photographs showed that the percentage of rats assuming upright posture did not differ between the experimental and control groups. Foreleg amputation forced the rats to adopt an altered posture, but did not result in habitual assumption of upright stance to a greater degree than that of controls. Adaptation to bipedalism was marked by a tucking of the hindlimbs under the body, and a flexure of the vertebral column and the head.
Susceptibility of B2-ordered iron aluminides to moisture-induced embrittlement in oxygen and argon environments

Room-temperature ductility of iron aluminides is very sensitive to moisture in the testing environment. In a previous study, elongations in air were found to increase with decreasing relative humidity. The most substantial ductility changes occurred at low humidity levels, suggesting that only a small amount of water vapor is needed to embrittle the material. In order to gain a better understanding of the interaction of these materials with water vapor, alloys were tested in environments containing substantially lower water contents. A dew-point device was employed to measure water contents down to several parts per million by volume (vpm). Tensile tests were conducted in argon and oxygen environments. These environments were chosen to investigate an apparent beneficial effect of oxygen on ductility. Previous studies have observed higher elongations in oxygen than in other environments, including vacuum. This effect was not observed in the work of Gaydosh and Nathal; however, the oxygen employed in their testing contained relatively large amounts of water vapor.
On a new species of Sparasion Latreille (Hymenoptera : Proctotrupoidea : Scelionidae) from India

Abstract This paper records the genus Sparasion Latr., for tho first time from India by a new species, S. Travancoricus.
Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in scleroderma.

In an uncontrolled clinical trial, plasmapheresis combined with prednisone and cyclophosphamide therapy produced clinical improvement in 14 of 15 scleroderma patients with varying degrees of skin and internal organ involvement. All improved patients showed a gradual loosening of hide-bound skin, relaxation of contractures, and healing of cutaneous ulcers, when present. Severe gastrointestinal symptoms were ameliorated in 4 patients, severe polymyositis was largely reversed in 2 patients, and pulmonary and cardiac function was improved in others. After initial improvement, however, 2 patients died during the period of study and another withdrew unimproved. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) liters declined relatively more than total IgG levels with plasmapheresis in 6 of the 9 patients who had elevated titers. Increased levels of endothelial cell cytotoxic activity found in 11 of the 15 patients were significantly reduced by plasmapheresis. Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes were found in only 4 of the 15 patients. Skin biopsies from adjacent sites taken before and after plasmapheresis in 10 patients all showed less swollen dermal collagen with increased ground substance between collagen bundles in the second biopsy. Although the effects of plasmapheresis cannot be dissociated from those of the immunosuppressive drug therapy, our results suggest that plasmapheresis combined with immunosuppressive drug therapy may find a place in the management of patients with moderate to severe scleroderma. This study implicates circulating factors in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Sing me some glinka or dargomyzhsky

I wish to express my gratitude to the College of Fine Arts, Arizona State University, and to Dean Seymour Rosen, for a grant enabling me to complete this paper. Thanks also are due to the Russian and East European Center of the University of Illinois, Urbana, for its support of part of the project; to Laurence H. Miller and the staff of the university's Special Languages Library and to M. Balachandran of the Commerce Library; and to Professor Roland John Wiley of the School of Music, The University of Michigan, for a number of thoughtful suggestions.