cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Use in College: The Relationship Between Religion, Spirituality, and Proscriptive Attitudes Toward Alcohol

Developing interventions to address the problem of college drinking requires the identification of contributing factors to drinking behavior. It is believed that religion and spirituality (R/S) play a role, but the mechanism is unclear. Using a multi-dimensional R/S measure, an alcohol behavior inventory, and a religious affiliation proscription question, this study was designed to dive deeper into this connection. This study found that religious singing/chanting and reading sacred text were the best predictors of lower alcohol consumption. Furthermore, participants who perceive their religious tradition to be proscriptive reported less alcohol consumption and higher religious/spiritual profiles.
Characterization of BciB: a ferredoxin-dependent 8-vinyl-protochlorophyllide reductase from the green sulfur bacterium Chloroherpeton thalassium

Two enzymes, BciA and BciB, are known to reduce the C-8 vinyl group of 8-vinyl protochlorophyllide, producing protochlorophyllide a, during the synthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls in chlorophototrophic bacteria. BciA from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum reduces the C-8 vinyl group using NADPH as the reductant. Cyanobacteria and some other chlorophototrophs have a second, nonhomologous type of 8-vinyl reductase, BciB, but the biochemical properties of this enzyme have not yet been described. In this study, the bciB gene of the green sulfur bacterium Chloroherpeton thalassium was expressed in Escherichia coli , and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. Recombinant BciB binds a flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor, and EPR spectroscopy as well as quantitative analyses of bound iron and sulfide suggest that BciB binds two [4Fe-4S] clusters, one of which may not be essential for the activity of the enzyme. Using electrons provided by reduced ferredoxin or dithionite, recombinant BciB was active and reduced the 8-vinyl moiety of the substrate, 8-vinyl protochlorophyllide, producing protochlorophyllide a. A structural model for BciB based on a recent structure for the FrhB subunit of F420-reducing [NiFe]-hydrogenase of Methanothermobacter marburgensis is proposed. Possible reasons for the occurrence and distribution of BciA and BciB among various chlorophototrophs are discussed.
Holding the Line

The year 2014 saw challenges to the state system itself. Russia effectively annexed Crimea, while Russian nationalists in eastern Ukraine took up arms to achieve independence. The Islamic State suddenly vaulted to prominence as it seized huge swaths of territory, a move threatening to collapse Middle Eastern stability. Elsewhere, officials struggled to maintain their ambitious trade negotiations with European and Asian governments. Rather than turn to military force or confrontational rhetoric, Obama imposed sanctions and sought coalitions. This chapter builds a narrative case study evaluating the administration’s stated views and implementation of grand strategy during a tumultuous year. It reviews contemporary debates over the administration’s response, many of which suggest that Obama’s caution deepened the crises. Nevertheless, Obama’s now familiar pragmatism and deliberative style dominated policy decisions.
Identification, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Diatrypaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Citrus Branch Canker in the Southern California Desert

Several members of the families Botryosphaeriaceae and Diatrypaceae are known as canker and dieback pathogens of a number of woody hosts. Because desert citrus production in California can occur in proximity to table grape production, it was suspected that fungi associated with grapevine cankers might also be associated with citrus branch canker and dieback decline. To determine the fungi associated with branch canker and dieback disease of citrus in the southern California desert regions, surveys were conducted from 2011 to 2013 in the major citrus-growing regions of Riverside, Imperial, and San Diego Counties. Cankered tissues were collected from branches showing symptoms typical of branch canker and dieback. Various fungal species were recovered from necrotic tissues and species were identified morphologically and by phylogenetic comparison of partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), β-tubulin gene, and elongation factor 1-α genes with those of other species in GenBank. Four fungi, including Neoscytalidium hyalinum, Eutypella citricola, E. microtheca, and an unnamed Eutypella sp., were associated with branch canker. N. hyalinum was the most frequently recovered fungus from symptomatic tissues (31%) followed by E. citricola (10%), E. microtheca (4%), and the Eutypella sp. (2%). In pathogenicity tests, all fungi caused lesions when inoculated on 'Lisbon' lemon (citrus) branches. Lesions caused by the Eutypella sp. were significantly longer than those of the other Eutypella spp.; however, they did not differ significantly from those produced by N. hyalinum. The most-parsimonious unrooted trees based on the combined data of ITS and partial β-tubulin gene region sequences showed three distinct clades of Eutypella spp. (E. citricola, E. microtheca, and an unidentified Eutypella sp.). Similarly, ITS and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene region sequences differentiated two species of Neoscytalidium, N. hyalinum and N. novaehollandiae. Identifying the diversity, distribution, and occurrence of these fungal pathogens is useful for the management of citrus branch canker and dieback disease in the desert citrus-growing regions of California.
Sneezing Behavior in the Squirrel Monkey and Its Biological Significance

When Ernst Mayr (1961) declared that there are “two biologies,” a “How does it work?” and a “Why is it so?” biology, he stressed the division between two natural sciences: functional and evolutionary biology. Functional biologists study “proximate” causes—mostly physiological processes—and are not particularly concerned with the history or meaning of the genetic programs of the organisms that possess them. Evolutionary biologists, on the other hand, study “ultimate” causes—biological diversity and its meaning—and are much vexed by such questions as, “Why are there lions and tigers and things?” (Waddington, 1957). A familiar tale by the Brothers Grimm may illustrate the viewpoints of the two biologies. Little Red Riding Hood’s observation, “Grandma, What big teeth you have!,” exemplifies the view of a functional biologist; the Wolf’s reply, “The better to eat you with,” the point of an evolutionary biologist.
Exhibitionist Eating: Who Wins Eating Competitions?

Objective: How and why does competition and spectator involvement influence eating behaviors? The primary objective of this article is to explore the nature of eating competitions with the goal of identifying implications for other social situations. Design: Study 1 investigated how many chicken wings were eaten by men and women in a 30-minute eating competition when cheering spectators either were or were not present (compared to a control condition). A second study sought to explain Study 1’s findings through a survey of 93 students who rated male or female competitive eaters (in randomized order) based on intelligence, attractiveness, health, strength, and how romantic they expected the eaters to be. Results: Exploratory findings show competitive eaters ate approximately four times as many chicken wings as a similar control group, and the presence of a cheering audience further increased wing consumption for males (but decreased consumption for females). Study 2 suggests part of the over-performance of males may be related to a shared positive perception that competitive male eaters are strong and virile. Conclusions: Even in relatively low-stakes environments, competitive visibility may dramatically increase how much males eat. These preliminary results help illuminate recent discoveries that males overeat in various social situations where there are opportunities for men to “show off.” This may have relevance for dining behavior – especially among younger males – at parties, banquets, group dinners, and similar social situations.
Understanding Storytelling as a Design Framework for Cognitive Support Technologies for Older Adults

This paper proposes storytelling as a motivational framework for the design of technologies aimed at supporting cognitive activity in older adults. The major design framework that has been used to motivate older adults to engage in cognitive support technologies is gamification, which may not be in tune with seniors' actual context. We describe a mixed qualitative and quantitative study consisting of 17 interviews and 72 surveys with older adults to understand how storytelling, as opposed to gaming, may serve as a motivator for cognitive engagement. Quantitative results showed that seniors are significantly more interested in storytelling than gaming. We present a storytelling design framework from our qualitative findings.
IL-15 Administration Increases Graft Versus Leukemia Activity in Recipients of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation,

Abstract Abstract 4027 The success of haploidentical (HI) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), suggests that graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect might have a substantial role in this transplant modality. Rigorous T-cell depletion (TCD) of the graft decreases the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in HI-HSCT, however this results in immunodeficiency and high disease relapse rate, especially in patients with resistant or residual leukemia. Therefore, enhancing GVL activity of HSCT without increasing GVHD is crucial for improving the outcome of haploidentical transplant. Post-transplant IL-15 administration is shown to enhance immune reconstitution, particularly donor-derived NK and CD8+ T cell populations in murine models. We evaluated the efficacy of IL-15 for enhancing GVL effect in recipients of HI-HSCT. For developing clinically relevant haploidentical transplant models, different hybrid mice with B6 background that share the same haplotype (H2Kb) are used for our murine haploindentical transplant experiments. Lethally irradiated B6D2F1/J (H2Kb/d) mice are transplanted with B6CBAF1/J (H2Kb/k) TCD bone marrow (BM) and T cells at varying doses. Some animals were also given P815 tumor cells on the day of transplant. Administration of IL-15 significantly increased the numbers of CD8+ T and NK cells in the spleen and BM in the T cell depleted model at post-transplant day 28. Infusion of very low dose haploidentical T cells (1×104) with TCD-BM resulted in a conflicting effect on immune reconstitution, i.e. increased T cell numbers, and decreased NK cell population. Post-transplant IL-15 administration also changed this immune reconstitution pattern and significantly increased both T and NK cell numbers in recipients of HI-HSCT. In P815 challenged mice that were transplanted with very low dose T cell added TCD-BM, IL-15 administration significantly increased anti-tumor activity of the graft and improved survival ( Figure 1 ) without increasing GVHD. This effect was observed when IL-15 administration was given at a later time point rather than immediately following transplantation, possibly allowing for more donor cell engraftment and T cell proliferation to take place. IL-15 administration without T cell infusion did not result in any survival improvement. We conclude that in our experimental HI transplant models, IL-15 administration augments anti-tumor effect of the HI-HSCT without increasing GVHD risk, and this effect requires presence of donor derived T cells. Download : Download high-res image (29KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery on Patients Transferred From Other Hospitals Is Associated With Increased Morbidity and Mortality

Background Despite advances in endovascular surgery, lower extremity arterial bypass remains the gold standard treatment for severe, symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients who are transferred to other hospitals have generally complex medical problems compared to those patients who are directly admitted from home. The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with an interfacility transfer in patients with PAD and compare the postoperative outcomes of these patients to those who are directly admitted to the hospital. Methods The 2013 lower extremity revascularization–targeted American College of Surgeons (ACS–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program [NSQIP]) database and generalized 2013 general and vascular surgery ACS-NSQIP Participant Use File were used for this study. Patient, diagnosis, and procedure characteristics of patients undergoing lower extremity bypass surgery were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for transfer to another hospital. Results A total of 2,646 patients (65% male, 35% female) were identified in the NSQIP database that underwent lower extremity open revascularization during the year 2013. A total of 287 patients (11%) were transferred from other institutions: acute care hospital inpatient (4%), nursing home/chronic care/intermediate care (3%), outside emergency department (3%), and other (1%). Factors associated with increased risk of interfacility transfer included need for emergency surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 5.51, P 85 years (OR: 2.24, P 30 days (OR: 2.04; P < 0.05). Conclusions Multiple factors affect an interfacility transfer of patients including advanced age, need for emergency procedure, contaminated wounds. Patients who are transferred from another institution for a lower extremity bypass surgery are at a substantially higher risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Liam Lenihan, The Writings of James Barry and the Genre of History Painting, 1775-1809

Review by Christopher Rovee (Louisiana State University) of Liam Lenihan, The Writings of James Barry and the Genre of History Painting, 1775 -1809 . Farnham: Ashgate, 2014. Pp. 158. £95. ISBN 9781409467526.
Experimental Demonstration of Fault-Tolerant State Preparation with Superconducting Qubits.

Using the IBM Quantum Experience, researchers have demonstrated fault-tolerant quantum computing principles that protect against local dissipation and gate errors in a superconducting qubit device.
Pain intensity and pain interference in hospitalized patients with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine relationships among pain intensity, interference in daily life because of pain, reported pain relief, and analgesics prescribed in hospitalized patients with cancer. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive. SETTING The internal medicine services of two acute-care facilities, an academic medical center, and a community hospital in the northeastern United States. SAMPLE 176 patients with cancer, 139 of whom reported pain during hospitalization. Mean age of the sample was 59 years, 50% were women, and 79% were Caucasian. METHODS Patients were interviewed in their hospital rooms to obtain information about the major variables using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form and the Pain Management Index. Demographic, clinical, and analgesic prescription data were obtained from patients' medical records. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Pain intensity, pain-related interference, and pain relief analgesic adequacy. FINDINGS The prevalence of pain in the sample of 176 patients was 79%. Of the 139 patients who experienced pain during hospitalization, a strong positive correlation was found between worst pain intensity and interference, which was not appreciably altered by surgery or procedures conducted during hospitalization. Although patients with metastatic disease reported greater pain intensity and interference than patients without metastases, they were more likely to have adequate analgesics prescribed. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that pain interferes with daily life and that higher levels of pain produce greater interference. Adequate analgesics were prescribed for a majority of the patients, yet levels of worst pain remained severe for 46% of the sample. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE These findings reinforce the need to assess and treat pain in hospitalized patients with cancer. Nurses need to be aware of the prescribed dose of analgesics and administer a dose that provides adequate pain relief.
Energy-efficient mobile Web computing

Next-generation Web services will be primarily accessed through mobile devices. However, mobile devices are low-performance and stringently energy-constrained. In this thesis, I propose the design of a high-performance and energy-efficient mobile computing substrate. It is a hardware/software co-designed system that delivers satisfactory user quality-of-service (QoS) experience on a mobile energy budget. The key insight that the traditional interfaces between different Web stacks need to be enhanced with new abstractions that express user QoS experience and that expose architectural-level complexities. On the basis of the enhanced interfaces, I propose synergistic cross-layer optimizations across the processor architecture, Web runtime, programming language, and application layers to maximize the whole system efficiency. The proposal is likely to have a long-term impact because the target application domain, the Web, is becoming a universal mobile development platform, and our solutions target the fundamental computation layers of the Web domain.
Stability of the Tropical Cyclone Intensity Equilibrium

AbstractA low-order dynamical model that demonstrates the stable property of the tropical cyclone (TC) maximum potential intensity (MPI) equilibrium under the wind-induced surface heat exchange feedback was recently presented by Kieu. In this study, an alternative TC-scale model that allows for the gradient wind imbalance in the planetary boundary layer is proposed to further examine the stability of the MPI equilibrium. Despite different balanced assumptions, it is shown that the new TC-scale model possesses a similar MPI equilibrium with the same asymptotic stability. The structurally stable property of the MPI equilibrium is held for a range of the model parameters, regardless of the model initial conditions or numerical configurations. In addition, an explicit dependence of the MPI on the environmental lapse rate is obtained from the new TC-scale model, which reveals subtle impacts of the tropospheric stratification on TC intensity beyond the traditional MPI framework. The existence and interpretation...
Combustion-Assisted Photonic Annealing of Printable Graphene Inks via Exothermic Binders

High-throughput and low-temperature processing of high-performance nanomaterial inks is an important technical challenge for large-area, flexible printed electronics. In this report, we demonstrate nitrocellulose as an exothermic binder for photonic annealing of conductive graphene inks, leveraging the rapid decomposition kinetics and built-in energy of nitrocellulose to enable versatile process integration. This strategy results in superlative electrical properties that are comparable to extended thermal annealing at 350 °C, using a pulsed light process that is compatible with thermally sensitive substrates. The resulting porous microstructure and broad liquid-phase patterning compatibility are exploited for printed graphene microsupercapacitors on paper-based substrates.
Engineering technology vs. engineering students: Differences in perception and understanding

Engineering technology students either are studied under the auspices of research focused on engineering students, or are excluded from engineering research in its entirety. Even when they are included in research, our understanding of engineering technology students is either missing or obscured. The lack of available research focused on engineering technology students in particular has prompted an effort to contribute to the greater body of knowledge of engineering technology education. The lack of research, as compared to other STEM fields, presents a challenge to practitioners in engineering technology programs when making discipline-specific decisions regarding these particular students. The need to delineate and determine the differences in the engineering technology student population and that of the engineering student population has become increasingly evident to practitioners and researchers in the technology area. To explore the learning styles of the engineering and engineering technology students, the Gregorc Style Delineator was completed by students in both programs. This instrument is relatively well known and is designed to investigate how adults order their thoughts and perceive the world around them. This study is designed to understand the differences in the engineering technology and engineering student populations by examining their mediation channels and their psychological learning styles. By furthering our conceptual understanding of both populations, we will inform those involved with teaching, curriculum development, and administration of programs how to best interact with and teach these students. Engineering technology students think differently than engineering students and that should be reflected in how we teach them.
Retinal Growth in Adult Goldfish

Most studies of growth and development have been done on embryonic or larval animals, and with good reason. The dramatic increase in size, rapid changes in morphology, and sudden emergence of function in the embryo are much more exciting from a developmental perspective than the relatively static adult state. A separate but related problem is how to grow while functioning, and that is the problem which adult organisms must solve. We are concerned here with growth of the nervous system, in which function is dependent on a precise, orderly set of connexions between neurons. During growth, how are new nerve cells integrated into the system without disturbing the ongoing activity?
American–Japanese differences in multiscalar intensity ratings of universal facial expressions of emotion.

This study reanalyzes American and Japanese multiscalar ratings of universal facial expressions originally collected by Matsumoto (1986), of which only single emotion scales were analyzed and reported by Matsumoto and Ekman (1989). The nonanalysis of the entire data set ignored basic and important questions about the nature of judgments of universal facial expressions of emotion. These were addressed in this study. We found that (1) observers in both cultures perceived multiple emotions in universal facial expressions, not just one; (2) cultural differences occurred on multiple emotion scales for each expression, not just the target scale; (3) the directions of those differences differed according to the rating scale used and the expression being observed; and (4) no underlying dimension was evidenced that would account for these differences. These findings raise new questions about the nature of the judgment process and the role of judgment studies in supporting the universality thesis, the bases of which need to be explored in future research and incorporated in future theories of emotion and universality.
Method for task-based evaluation of clinical FFDM and DBT systems using an anthropomorphic breast phantom

Because breast phantoms are central for evaluating 2D and 3D breast imaging systems, it is important to develop anthropomorphic, realistic phantoms that can be used in task-based assessment. The current phantoms available for use with full field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) are uniform or have otherwise unrealistic background texture. However, this work presents a task-based methodology for evaluating FFDM and DBT systems using two components: an anthropomorphic breast phantom created through inkjet printing and realistic pathological inserts with two types of microcalcifications (MCs). To create the phantom, a virtual breast was first modeled, then digitally compressed to a 4 cm thickness. To realize the phantom, virtual model was printed with an inkjet printer in a slice-by-slice fashion using iohexol-doped ink. The MC inserts were created using two types of materials. One set of MCs were made using calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) powder, and the other was made from sodalime coated glass (SLG) microspheres. The composite phantom plus two types of inserts was imaged on two commercially available FFDM/DBT systems: the GE Senographe Essential and the Hologic Selenia Dimensions. For the acquisitions, the automatic exposure control was used to determine a typical mammographic beam based on the phantom thickness. In addition, a similar a similar average glandular dose was used for both systems. A four alternative forced choice (4AFC) study was conducted to demonstrate the utility of the methodology and to evaluate the systems. Results of the 4AFC study showed higher detection of calcs for DBT versus FFDM on the GE system, but the reverse on the Hologic system. In this work, a breast phantom as created from inexpensive and easily accessible materials. This methodology is promising for the objective evaluation of task performance for 2D and 3D breast imaging systems.
Incorporating PARP inhibitors in translational studies for Ewing’s sarcoma.

e21025 Background: Ewing’s Sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive solid tumor of the bone and soft tissue affecting nearly 250 adolescents and young adults each year. Prior research has demonstrated sensit...
Elastomer-Free, Stretchable, and Conformable Silver Nanowire Conductors Enabled by Three-Dimensional Buckled Microstructures.

Many three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterial-based assemblies need incorporation with elastomers to attain stretchability—that also compromises their pristine advantages for functional applications. He...
Staphylococcal Superantigen-like protein 11 mediates neutrophil adhesion and motility arrest, a unique bacterial toxin action

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen, which causes superficial to lethal clinical infections. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood and are the first defense mechanism against S. aureus infections. Here we show Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like protein 11 (SSL11) from MRSA USA300_FPR3757 mediated differentiated human neutrophil-like cells (dHL60) motility arrest by inducing cell adhesion and “locking” cells in adhesion stage, without inducing oxidative burst. Pre-incubation of SSL11 with the glycan Sialyl Lewis X blocked SSL11 function and de-glycosylation of dHL60 cells by PNGase F abolished SSL11 binding, suggesting that SSL11 functions via interacting with glycans. This is the first description of a bacterial toxin inhibiting neutrophil motility by inducing adhesion and “locking” cells in an adhesion stage. Therefore, this study might provide a new target against S. aureus infections.
Warmth of the Season

The taming of fire was certainly one of the most significant technological leaps for humanity. The ability to cook food which improved the quality of meat by destroying parasites and bacteria led to a longer lifespan. Some plant-based food is fairly unpalatable until cooked, and fire increased the diversity of consumable food. Fire warmed our early shelters against the harsh elements of seasonal weather and expanded the territory in which humans could live. At night, after the sun has retreated, fire led to light which increased the sociality of the human culture. Thus, it isn’t too surprising that our fascination with fire still continues to this day.
UNDERGROUND MINE REFUGE ALTERNATIVES HEAT MITIGATION

In case of an emergency in an underground coal mine, miners who fail to escape from the mine can enter a refuge alternative (RA) for protection from adverse conditions, such as high carbon monoxide levels. One of the main concerns with the use of both portable and built-in-place (BIP) RAs, especially for hot or deep mines, is the interior temperature rise due to the occupants' metabolic heat and the heat released by devices such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing system. The humidity within the RA will also increase through occupants' respiration and perspiration and from the chemical reaction within the CO2 scrubbing system. Heat and humidity buildup can subject the occupants to hazardous thermal conditions. To protect RA occupants, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations mandate a maximum apparent temperature of 95 °F within an occupied RA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tested both an air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs in the NIOSH Experimental Mine in Bruceton, PA. The BAS was tested on a 60-person BIP RA, while the cryogenic air supply was tested on a 30-person BIP RA and a portable 23-person tent-type RA. Multiple tests were conducted with both air supplies to assess their ability to cool RAs. The test results show that the BAS and the cryogenic air supply were able to maintain the apparent temperature within the tested RAs under the 95 °F limit. The BAS and the cryogenic air supply are potential RA heat mitigation strategies that mines could use to prevent heat/humidity buildup within RAs.
Characterization of the woody biomass feedstock potential resulting from California's drought.

Regional tree die-off events generate large quantities of standing dead wood, raising concern over catastrophic wildfire and other hazards. Governmental responses to tree die-off have often focused on incentivizing biomass energy production that utilizes standing dead trees removed for safety concerns. However, the full distribution of potential woody bioenergy feedstock after tree die-off has not been evaluated due to the complexities of surveying and precisely measuring large forested areas. In this paper, we present a novel method for estimating standing dead biomass at a fine spatial resolution that combines aerial survey data with forest structure maps. Using this method, we quantify biomass generated by the unprecedented tree die-off that occurred in California following a 4-year drought and widespread pest outbreaks. The results are used to estimate feasibly recoverable feedstock for energy production. We find that approximately 95.1 million bone-dry tons (BDT) of dead biomass resulted from 2012–2017 mortality, with a lower bound of 26.2 million BDT. In other words, of the aboveground live tree biomass in 2012, ~1.3–4.8% died by 2017. Of the standing dead biomass, 29% meets minimum constraints for potential cost-effective bioenergy feedstock. This proportion drops to as low as 15% in the most affected areas due to terrain slope, wilderness status, and other factors, highlighting the need to complement disposal via biomass energy with other strategies to mitigate the risks of the tree mortality crisis, which is likely to only become more severe over time due to climate change.
H+/K+ATPase Expression in the Larynx of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Laryngeal Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVES The gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump has previously been shown to be expressed in the human larynx, however its contribution to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) signs, symptoms and associated diseases such as laryngeal cancer is unknown. Proton pump expression in the larynx of patients with LPR and laryngeal cancer was investigated herein. A human hypopharyngeal cell line expressing the proton pump was generated to investigate its effects. STUDY DESIGN In-vitro translational. METHODS Laryngeal biopsies were obtained from three LPR and eight LSCC patients. ATP4A, ATP4B and HRPT1 were assayed via qPCR. Human hypopharyngeal FaDu cell lines stably expressing proton pump were created using lentiviral transduction and examined via transmission electron microscopy and qPCR for genes associated with inflammation or laryngeal cancer. RESULTS Expression of ATP4A and ATP4B was detected in 3/3 LPR, 4/8 LSCC-tumor and 3/8 LSCC-adjacent specimens. Expression of ATP4A and ATP4B in FaDu elicited mitochondrial damage and expression of IL1B, PTGS2, and TNFA (P < .0001); expression of ATP4B alone did not. CONCLUSIONS Gastric proton pump subunits are expressed in the larynx of LPR and LSCC patients. Mitochondrial damage and changes in gene expression observed in cells expressing the full proton pump, absent in those expressing a single subunit, suggest that acid secretion by functional proton pumps expressed in upper airway mucosa may elicit local cell and molecular changes associated with inflammation and cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:130-135, 2021.
Bariatric Surgery for Congestive Heart Failure Patients Improves Access to Transplantation and Long-term Survival

Obese patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are often denied access to heart transplantation until they obtain significant weight loss to achieve a certain BMI threshold, often less than 35 kg/m2. It is unknown whether the rapid weight loss associated with bariatric surgery leads to improved waitlist placement, and as such improved survival for morbidly obese patients with CHF. A decision analytic Markov state transition model was created to simulate the life of morbidly obese patients with CHF who were deemed ineligible to be waitlisted for heart transplantation unless they achieved a BMI less than 35 kg/m2. Life expectancy following medical weight management (MWM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was estimated. Base case patients were defined as having a pre-intervention BMI of 45 kg/m2. Sensitivity analysis of initial BMI was performed. Markov parameters were extracted from literature review. RYGB improved survival compared with both SG and MWM. RYGB patients had higher rates of transplantation, leading to improved mean long-term survival. Base case patients who underwent RYGB gained 2.1 additional years of life compared with patient’s who underwent SG and 7.4 additional years of life compared with MWM. SG patients gained 5.3 years of life compared with MWM. When strict waitlist criteria were applied, bariatric surgery improved access to heart transplantation and thereby increased long-term survival compared with MWM. Morbidly obese CHF patients who anticipate need for heart transplantation should be encouraged to pursue surgical weight management strategies, necessitating discussion between bariatric surgeons, cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons for appropriate perioperative risk management.
MoS2-supported Au31 for CO hydrogenation: A first-principle study

While the basal plane of single-layer molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is inert, attempts have been made to functionalize it chemically through the creation of defects and/or addition of dopants. With nanoparticles as dopants, the authors present density functional theory-based calculations of the hydrogenation of CO on a 31-atom, bilayer Au cluster supported on single-layer MoS2 (Au31/MoS2). Not surprisingly, the adsorption and reaction of all species involved in the hydrogenation occur at the edges of the cluster—the regions at which the interaction between MoS2 and the Au cluster is tracked to be the strongest. The authors find two possible mechanisms that lead to the formation of methanol: (1) CO* → CHO* → CH2O* → CH3O* → CH3OH* and (2) CO* → CHO* → HCOH* → CH2OH* → CH3OH*, where * indicates the adsorbed species. Detailed analysis of the reaction pathways, however, does not result in favoring one mechanism over the other. Rather, both mechanisms are facile. In addition, the rate-limiting step in each mechanism is found to be the formation of the formyl radical group (CO* + H* → CHO*).
A CASE REPORT ON NEURAL TUBE DEFECT WITH HYDROCEPHALUS SUGGESTIVE OF CHIARI II MALFORMATION

This is a case of 29 year female patient who was admitted in OBG ward with 21 weeks and 5 days of gestation. She was married at age of 29 and conceived 6 months after marriage. Her USG showed open lumbar neural tube defect with fetal hydrocephalus suggestive of CHIARIIImalformation (lemon sign).Fetus showed breech position. Patient came for MTP in hospital. She expelled dead fetus (female) spontaneously by breech along with entire placenta and intact membrane on seventh day after wide variation of dose used in MTP.Keywords:Fetal hydrocephalus, CHIARI II malformation, Neural tube defect,Â
Separating and reintegrating latent variables to improve classification of genomic data

Genomic datasets contain the effects of various unobserved biological variables in addition to the variable of primary interest. These latent variables often affect a large number of features (e.g., genes) and thus give rise to dense latent variation, which presents both challenges and opportunities for classification. Some of these latent variables may be partially correlated with the phenotype of interest and therefore helpful, while others may be uncorrelated and thus merely contribute additional noise. Moreover, whether potentially helpful or not, these latent variables may obscure weaker effects that impact only a small number of features but more directly capture the signal of primary interest. We propose the cross-residualization classifier to better account for the latent variables in genomic data. Through an adjustment and ensemble procedure, the cross-residualization classifier essentially estimates the latent variables and residualizes out their effects, trains a classifier on the residuals, and then re-integrates the the latent variables in a final ensemble classifier. Thus, the latent variables are accounted for without discarding any potentially predictive information that they may contribute. We apply the method to simulated data as well as a variety of genomic datasets from multiple platforms. In general, we find that the cross-residualization classifier performs well relative to existing classifiers and sometimes offers substantial gains.
The Structure of Adolescent Temperament and Associations with Psychological Functioning: A Replication and Extension of Snyder et al. (2015)

The present study attempts to replicate and extend Snyder et al. (2015, JPSP). The original study examined the latent factor structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R), a commonly used measure of adolescent temperament, and showed that the resulting latent factors (i.e., effortful control, negative emotionality, and positive emotionality) had theoretically meaningful concurrent associations with several measures of adolescent functioning (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], relational aggression, and school performance and behavior). We performed these same analyses using data from a large sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674), and also examined prospective associations between the three EATQ-R factors and measures of adolescent functioning assessed two years later. We found some evidence supporting the bifactor models reported in the original study but poor replication of the correlations among latent factors. Additionally, model comparisons demonstrated that correlated factors models produced more interpretable factors than the bifactor models. In contrast, we replicated most of the concurrent correlations (and extended the findings to prospective associations) between the EATQ-R factors and measures of adolescent functioning, supporting the construct validity of the EATQ-R as a measure of adolescent temperament. Thus, these findings raise concerns about the generalizability of the factor structure identified by Snyder et al. (2015), but bolster claims about the generalizability of the concurrent and predictive validity of the EATQ-R. Overall, differences between the present findings and those of Snyder et al. (2015) highlight the importance of ongoing construct validation in youth temperament research, especially with participants from groups traditionally underrepresented in psychological research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A single-centre audit of request forms and the 2011 appropriate use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a useful diagnostic tool in cardiology practice. The information provided by the requesting physician is a helpful guide in the interpretation of findings. This study aimed to audit echocardiography request forms (ECFs). Methods: A 3-year retrospective audit of echocardiography request forms (ERFs) received at a community-based echocardiography centre in Delta State, Nigeria. Delta State University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval to conduct this study. Data extracted from the ERFs were patients' name, age, sex, address and indication/background clinical information, the name and signature of requesting physician, name of referring hospital and date of the request. Evaluation of the appropriateness of the indications for echocardiography was done using 2011 Revised American College of Cardiology Foundation's appropriate use criteria (AUC). The corresponding echocardiograms were coded as normal or abnormal reports. Data were anonymised and analysed using the SPSS software version 23. Results: All the 412 ERFs audited had the names of the patients. The patients' age, sex and address were missing in 22.6%, 11.4% and 92.5% of the ERFs, respectively. A total of 119 (28.9%) ERFs lacked indication/clinical information and thus unclassifiable using the 2011 AUC. Of the remaining ERFs, the AUC was appropriate, inappropriate and uncertain in 259 (88.4%), 26 (8.9%) and 8 (2.7%), respectively. Majority of the ERFs with uncertain indications had normal echocardiograms. The echocardiograms of 78% (93/119) of the patients whose ERFs lacked indication/clinical information were abnormal. Conclusion: In this study, ERFs were inadequately filled. However, majority of the stated indications/clinical information for TTE were classified as appropriate.
Age at First Alcohol Use and Weapon Carrying among Adolescents: Findings from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Abstract Background Although studies have investigated the association between alcohol use and violent behaviors such as weapon carrying, few studies have examined the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon-carrying among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents. Methods Data for this study came from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 13,442 adolescents aged 14–18 years old (51% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated in this study was weapon carrying during the past 30 days, and the main explanatory variable investigated was age at first alcohol use. Results Of the 13,442 adolescents, 13.5% carried a weapon during the past 30 days, and 15.4% reported having their first alcoholic drink before age 13. In the multivariable logistic regression, adolescents who reported having alcohol before age 13 had more than double the odds of carrying a weapon when compared to those who never had alcohol before age 13 (AOR = 2.32, p Conclusion The findings of this study underscore the importance of developing age appropriate intervention strategies to curb early initiation of alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents.
Holthaus, Gary: Learning Native Wisdom: What Traditional Cultures Teach us About Subsistence, Sustainability and Spirituality

Spirituality, Gary Holthaus argues, is at the heart of the complex and related social and ecological crises that face humans. It is the key to creating a sustainable culture, and yet Holthaus observes that ‘‘I have yet to attend a meeting, lecture or workshop on sustainability that addresses it [spirituality]’’ (2008: 6). Holthaus sets out to convince his readers that this spiritual dimension is crucial for the dramatic culture changes necessary to move toward a sustainable society. As the poem from Gary Snyder that opens the book states, ‘‘In making the handle/Of an axe/By cutting wood with an axe/The model is indeed near at hand’’ (x). The ‘‘axe handles’’ that our culture has on hand as existing models of sustainability are the indigenous societies of the world. This book is one installment in a series published by the University Press of Kentucky titled Culture of the land: A series in the new Agrarianism (Norman Wirzba, ed). The series is dedicated to an interdisciplinary articulation of new agrarianism, which the editorial board suggests consists of a comprehensive worldview that foregrounds human interaction with the land. Interestingly, Holthaus approaches this new agrarianism with old tools. Most of the data in this book is nothing new: Holthaus draws from ancient indigenous wisdom, weaves it together with lessons from Confucius and Lao Tzu, peppers his stories with frequent references to his favorite poets (Gary Snyder, Mary Oliver, Robinson Jeffers, and others) and notes the resonance of these ideas with deeper, spiritual understandings of sustainability. But Holthuas’s narrative ties these old stories together insightfully, with a nice rhythm, and integrates both ancient and contemporary ideas into a welcome contribution to sustainability discourse. Most importantly, the book highlights the under-appreciated centrality of spirituality to the idea of sustainability.
Fine structure of the 1s2s2p /sup 4/P/sup o/ and 1s2p/sup 2/ /sup 4/P doubly excited states in lithiumlike carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

The fine structure of the $1s2s2p^{4}P^{o}\ensuremath{-}1s2{p}^{2}^{4}P$ multiplet in the doubly excited quartet system of three-electron Civ, Nv, and Ovi has been measured using the method of beam-foil spectroscopy. The fine-structure splittings have been determined to within \ensuremath{\sim} 5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in both the upper and lower states of each ion, and the absolute transition wavelengths have been measured to within \ensuremath{\sim} 0.1 \AA{} (\ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ eV). The wavelength results show that existing relativistic and nonrelativistic energy separations calculated for these $^{4}P$ states are inaccurate by \ensuremath{\sim} 1% for $Z=6\ensuremath{-}8$, and that calculations of the fine-structure splittings are inaccurate by (10-20)% for $1s2s2p^{4}P^{o}$ and by \ensuremath{\gtrsim} 20% for $1s2{p}^{2}^{4}P$. Lifetimes have also been measured for the $J=\frac{5}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, \mathrm{and} \frac{1}{2}$ levels of $1s2{p}^{2}^{4}P$. Differential metastability is found to be a characteristic feature of these core-excited fine-structure states in all three ions. Comparison with calculated autoionization and $K$ x-ray transition rates for $Z=7 \mathrm{and} 8$ indicates that the $1s2{p}^{2}^{4}P_{\frac{5}{2}}$ lifetime is determined essentially by its autoionization rate to the doublet continuum through magnetic interactions, whereas the $J=\frac{3}{2} \mathrm{and} \frac{1}{2}$ states decay at a slower rate that is more characteristic of the $^{4}P^{o}\ensuremath{-}^{4}P$ radiative transition rate.
Utility-based joint physical-MAC layer optimization in OFDM

In this paper, joint physical-MAC layer optimization in OFDM systems using adaptive modulation and subcarrier allocation is investigated based on utility theory. Since utility qualifies the level of users' satisfaction derived from the radio resources they occupy, it is ideal for a network optimization metric. We formulate the cross-layer optimization problem as one that maximizes the sum of the utilities over all active users through rate adaptation and dynamic subcarrier allocation with the limited radio resource and time-varying wireless channel constraints. Two effective subcarrier allocation algorithms with low complexity are proposed to solve the constrained optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate the significant improvement of utility-based cross-layer optimization in OFDM.