cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequences and gene organization of TaqI endonuclease isoschizomers from Thermus sp. SM32 and Thermus filiformis Tok6A1.

Abstract Eight TaqI isoschizomer genes, two from Yellowstone National Park, one from Japan, two from New Zealand, two from Portugal, and one from the Azores (1000 miles west of Portugal), were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment of isoschizomers isolated from close geographical locations shows identical or almost identical protein sequences, while isoschizomers from distant sites demonstrate considerable diversity, ranging from 54 to 75% in amino acid identity. Accordingly, these isoschizomers were arranged into four geographical groups, i.e., USA as represented by Thermus aquaticus YT1, Japan by Thermus thermophilus HB8, New Zealand by Thermus filiformis Tok6A1, Portugal by Thermus sp. SM32. The complete ORFs of two new representative genes, tfiTok6A1I and tsp32IR, were obtained by bubble PCR. Unlike M·TaqI–R·TaqI and M·TthHB8I–R·TthHB8I which exhibit an unusual 13-codon overlap, the methylase and endonuclease genes are each separated by 15 nucleotides in the TfiTok6A1I and Tsp32IR restriction–modification systems. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that initially TfiTok6A1I diverged from a common ancestor, then Tsp32IR branched out, and finally TaqI and TthHB8I diverged from each other during evolution.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization Using Efficient Global Reliability Analysis

Finding the optimal (lightest, least expensive, etc.) design for an engineered component that meets or exceeds a specified level of reliability is a problem of obvious interest across a wide spectrum of engineering fields. Various methods for this reliability-based design optimization problem have been proposed. Unfortunately, this problem is rarely solved in practice because, regardless of the method used, solving the problem is too expensive or the final solution is too inaccurate to ensure that the reliability constraint is actually satisfied. This is especially true for engineering applications involving expensive, implicit, and possibly nonlinear performance functions (such as large finite element models). The Efficient Global Reliability Analysis method was recently introduced to improve both the accuracy and efficiency of reliability analysis for this type of performance function. This paper explores how this new reliability analysis method can be used in a design optimization context to create a method of sufficient accuracy and efficiency to enable the use of reliability-based design optimization as a practical design tool.
Disproportionate Accumulation of Immunoreactive Corticotropin, Melanotropin, and Lipotropin in the Brain of the Maturing Rat*

The accumulation of immunoreactive ACTH (ACTHi), αMSH (αMSHi), and γ-lipotropin (γLPHi) as a function of age (10–120 days) was determined in three regions of the brain of male rats: the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POA), and the thalamus. In each region of the brain, the concentrations of ACTHi, αMSHi, and γLPHi increased with age. In the MBH, the increase occurred in such a manner that the molar ratio of αMSHi to ACTHi remained constant regardless of the age of the animals. In contrast, in the POA and thalamus, the increase occurred disproportionately in favor of αMSHi, and thus the molar ratio of αMSHi to ACTHi was 3 times higher in the adult (120 days old) than in the young (10 or 21 days old) animals. Nevertheless, the ratio of (ACTHi plus αMSHi) to γLPHi was constant at a level of about 2 regardless of the age of the animal or the region of the brain. Extracts of the MBH or POA were fractionated on columns of Sephadex G-75 superfine. The gel filtration profiles...
HOW CAN PERMUTATIONS BE USED IN THE EVALUATION OF ZONING ALGORITHMS

In processing a page image by a given zoning algorithm (automatic or manual), a certain text string is generated which may not be the same as the correct string. The difference may be due to the incorrect reading order selected by the employed zoning algorithm or poor recognition of characters. A difference algorithm is commonly used to find the best match between the generated string and the correct string. The output of such an algorithm will then be a sequence of matched substrings which are not in the correct order. To determine the performance of a given zoning algorithm, it is of interest to find the minimum number of moves needed to obtain the correct string from the string generated by that algorithm. The problem can be modeled as a sorting problem where a string of n integers ordered in a random manner, must be sorted in ascending (or descending) order. In this paper, we derive bounds on the time complexity of sorting a given string and present a near-optimal algorithm for that.
Automatic generation of invariants and intermediate assertions

Verifying temporal specifications of reactive and concurrent systems commonly relies on generating auxiliary assertions and strengthening given properties of the system. Two dual approaches find solutions to these problems: the bottom-up method performs an abstract forward propagation of the system, generating auxiliary properties; the top-down method performs an abstract backward propagation to strengthen given properties. Exact application of these methods is complete but is usually infeasible for large-scale verification. An approximate analysis can often supply enough information to complete the verification.
Tuning in and hanging out: A preliminary study of college students’ use of podcasts for information, entertainment, and socializing

Abstract Millions of listeners tune in to Internet-based audio-on-demand programming (commonly known as audio podcasts). College students represent a large and influential group of consumers but little is known about this primary audience's podcast listening choices and related opinions. This research was organized within the uses and gratifications perspective and involved an online survey of college students who identified as podcast listeners. Results showed most collegiate listeners spent no more than an hour a month listening to podcasts, and fewer than half reported listening to all the episodes they downloaded. Most listeners found podcasts fun and entertaining and said they enjoy sharing what they have heard with peers. Respondents reported clearly identified program genre preferences, and reported ‘multitasking’ in a variety of specific ways while listening. This research does not attempt to answer all questions about the college student podcast audience, but it is a starting point for further study into this important user group. Recommendations for future research are offered.
Review Article: The Victoria County History and the Landscape of Towns: A Review and Critique

Virginia Bainbridge (ed.), A History of the County of Wiltshire XVIII: Cricklade and Environs (2011), Institute of Historical Research/Boydell and Brewer, London, 313 pages, 22 maps, ISBN 9781904356189, £95. Simon Townley (ed.), A History of the County of Oxford XVI: Henley-on-Thames and Environs: Binfield Hundred Part I (2011), Institute of Historical Research/ Boydell and Brewer, London, 375 pages, 75 maps, ISBN 9781904356387, £95.
Translational Steady Fall of Symmetric Bodies in a Navier{ Stokes Liquid, with Application to Particle Sedimentation

Let $ \cal B $ ; be a homogeneous body of revolution around an axis a, with fore-and-aft symmetry. Typical examples are bodies of constant density having the shape of cylinders of circular cross-section, of prolate and oblate spheroids, etc. In this paper we prove that, provided a certain geometric condition is satisfied, the only possible orientations that $ \cal B $ ; can eventually achieve when dropped in a Navier-Stokes fluid under the action of the acceleration of gravity g and at a small and nonzero Reynolds number, is with a either parallel or perpendicular to g. This result is obtained by a rigorous calculation of the torque exerted by the fluid on the body. We also show that the above geometric condition is certainly satisfied if $ \cal B $ ; is a prolate spheroid. Moreover, in this case, we prove, by a "quasi-steady" argument, that, at first order in λ, the configuration with a perpendicular to g is stable to small disorientation, while the other is unstable, in accordance with experiments.
Virtual Civil Society in the United States and Australia

Although many scholars agree that social interactions within traditional social groups build social capital, there is less consensus on the benefits of virtual interactions on the Internet. The authors compare the activity of Americans and Australians based on a common battery of social network interaction questions. Their findings suggest that virtual social interactions foster many of the same positive social capital traits for citizenship norms and political participation that are produced by traditional in-person social networks. Thus, social networking and virtual interaction have the potential to generate new stocks of social capital in contemporary democracies.
Finite Element Modeling of Roller Burnishing Process

Hard roller burnishing is a cost effective surface enhancement process where a ceramic ball rolls on the machined surface under a high pressure and flattens the roughness peaks. It not only improves surface finish but also imposes favorable compressive residual stresses and raises hardness in functional surfaces, which can lead to long fatigue life. Most research in the past focused on experimental studies. There is still a special need for a reliable finite element (FEM) model that provides a fundamental understanding of the process mechanics. In this study, 2D and 3D FEM models for hard roller burnishing were established. The simulation results (i.e. surface deformation and residual stress) were evaluated and compared between initial hard turned and burnished surfaces. The predicted residual stress was validated with the experimental data obtained from the literature.
Nanosecond Pulse Amplifiers

Examples are given of the use of pulse amplifiers in three areas of experimental nuclear physics. The necessity of low noise at the input of these amplifiers leads to a discussion of electronic noise. The need for pulse-shaping networks in amplifiers particularly designed for accurate amplitude analysis is emphasized. The technique of using negative feedback to obtain nanosecond pulse amplifiers is discussed. Calculated and experimental results are given for two series-shunt feedback pair amplifiers. The necessity of using the hybrid fabrication technique in subnanosecond pulse amplifiers is shown as well as the characterization of the transistors and complete amplifier with the scattering (s) parameters. An annotated bibliography is included as an appendix.
Conditions of applicability of a strategy choice model

Abstract This research examined whether the Siegler and Shrager (1984) model of strategy choice could be applied to a task and an age group quite different than those to which it had been applied previously. Earlier, the model had been applied to young children's arithmetic skills; here, it was applied to preadolescents' and early adolescents' performance on a balance scale task. The predictions of the strategy choice model regarding accuracy and solution times on several types of problems were contrasted with those of four other models. The pattern of results on the accuracy and solution time measures, as well as the children's explanations of their reasoning, were consistent with only one of the five models, the strategy choice model. The results were consistent with the view that the model can be used to characterize children's strategy choices whenever they possess both problem-specific associations and backup strategies. More generally, the results highlight the importance of problem-specific knowledge as part of the end point as well as the beginning point of many parts of cognitive development.
Does Gum Chewing Ameliorate Postoperative Ileus? Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: A preliminary report has been interpreted to suggest that gum chewing reduces duration of postcolectomy ileus. STUDY DESIGN: We rigorously tested this hypothesis in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients undergoing open colectomy (n = 66) were randomized to receive 1 of 3 postoperative regimens beginning on postoperative day 1: sips (control, n = 21); sips and accupressure wrist bracelet (placebo, n = 23); and sips and gum chewing (treatment, n = 22). Patients were unaware of which regimen constituted placebo or treatment; end points were assessed by blinded investigators. Power was set a priori at 85% to detect a 0.75-day difference in time to first postoperative passage of flatus between placebo and treatment groups. Groups were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Groups were equivalent with respect to demographic and surgical characteristics. Median times to first postoperative passage of flatus were as follows: sips, 67 hours; bracelet and sips, 72 hours; gum and sips, 60 hours (p = 0.384). There were no significant differences in time to passage of first bowel movement, time until patients were ready for discharge, or time until actual discharge among the three groups. Inpatient and 30-day followup demonstrated no difference in frequency or distribution of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to findings of a preliminary study, our clinical trial suggests that gum chewing, although safe, does not reduce duration of postcolectomy ileus.
Azimuthal Variation of Rg Energy From Quarry Blasts in Central Texas

We present the results of a study of short-period surface waves from chemical explosions at a limestone quarry 40 km west of Waco, Texas. Our purpose is threefold: (1) to obtain dispersion curves for the surface waves generated by the explosions, (2) to investigate the azimuthal variations of Rg wave (fundamental-mode, short-period Rayleigh wave) energy at azimuths around the quarry, and (3) to determine the quarry pit's influence on these energy variations. Observed dispersion curves were interpreted using theoretical dispersion curves that consider the estimated values of Poisson's ratio (0.35-0.4) for the upper crust of central Texas. The Rg dispersion essentially has three different sections: (1) an inversely dispersed branch complicated by the presence of higher modes (at periods less than 0.6 seconds), (2) a group velocity minimum (at periods between 0.6 and 0.7 seconds), and (3) normally dispersed Rg (at periods between 0.7 and 3.0 seconds, with an inflection point near 1.25 seconds). For periods between 0.7 and 1.5 seconds, multipathing complicates the interpretation of the dispersion curves by creating spectral holes in the results of the Multiple Filter Analysis (MFA), a single-station routine for calculating group-velocity dispersion. Spectral holes must be dealt with when interpreting the final dispersion curve, which is then used to extract Rg from the complex wave train by phase match filtering (PMF). Rg extracted from paths not traversing the open pit of the quarry have more energy than paths do that cross the open pit. Likewise, higher-mode energy exceeds fundamental-mode energy only when the propagation path includes the open pit. Implications for these observations are discussed.
Comparing personnel representatives and line managers/engineers as engineering recruiters: An application of the elaboration likelihood model of persuasive communication

Abstract Using a consumer behavior model, the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) of influence source communication, this study examined the relative effects of line managers/engineers and personnel department representatives on psychological processes affecting job choice intentions of graduating engineers. Responses from a national sample of engineering students showed that job choice attitudes and overall reaction to corporate recruiting processes are highly related to interviewer proficiencies and personal cues identified as elements of “peripheral route” attitude formation processes in the ELM. Further, no differences were found in the interviewing skills of line managers, engineers, and personnel representatives or in their ability to meet applicant information needs. Implications of these findings for research and design of engineering recruitment strategies in high tech organizations are presented and discussed.
Sampling of Paley-Wiener functions on stratified groups

We consider a generalization of entire functions of spherical exponential type on stratified groups. An analog of the Paley-Wiener theorem is given. We also show that every spectral entire function on a stratified group is uniquely determined by its values on some discrete subgroups. The main result of the article is reconstruction formula of spectral entire functions from their values on discrete subgroups using Lagrangian splines.
Acyclovir versus valganciclovir for preventing cytomegalovirus infection in intermediate-risk liver transplant recipients.

Context—Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic infection that causes profound morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). The CMV immunoglobulin G serostatuses of donors and recipients are the main factors influencing risk for development of CMV infection after transplant.Objective—To compare acyclovir and valganciclovir for preventing CMV infection after OLT.Design, Setting, and Patients—Retrospective assessment of adult OLT recipients at intermediate risk for CMV infection at New York Presbyterian Hospital.Intervention—All patients received ganciclovir 5 mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours or valganciclovir 900 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 days after transplant. On postoperative day 8, patients received antiviral prophylaxis according to risk stratification: acyclovir 800 mg orally 3 times daily in donor seronegative/recipient seropositive (D-/R+) patients or valganciclovir 900 mg orally once daily in donor seropositive/recipient seropositive (D+/R+) patients.Main Outcome Measur...
Analysis of the anisotropic cylinder of finite length

Abstract The behaviour of the anisotropic cylinder of finite length subjected to axisymmetric loads and deformations is investigated. Governing displacement-equilibrium equations for a cylindrically anisotropic medium are formulated and finite-difference methods are employed to obtain solutions. Solutions are developed for the orthotropic cylinder subjected to axial displacement with various degrees of radial constraint at the cylinder extremities. The obtained solutions are compared to predictions from Flugge shell theory and the existence of a singularity in the stress field is postulated.
Motor domain phosphorylation and regulation of the Drosophila kinesin 13, KLP10A

Microtubule (MT)-destabilizing kinesin 13s perform fundamental roles throughout the cell cycle. In this study, we show that the Drosophila melanogaster kinesin 13, KLP10A, is phosphorylated in vivo at a conserved serine (S573) positioned within the α-helix 5 of the motor domain. In vitro, a phosphomimic KLP10A S573E mutant displays a reduced capacity to depolymerize MTs but normal affinity for the MT lattice. In cells, replacement of endogenous KLP10A with KLP10A S573E dampens MT plus end dynamics throughout the cell cycle, whereas a nonphosphorylatable S573A mutant apparently enhances activity during mitosis. Electron microscopy suggests that KLP10A S573 phosphorylation alters its association with the MT lattice, whereas molecular dynamics simulations reveal how KLP10A phosphorylation can alter the kinesin–MT interface without changing important structural features within the motor’s core. Finally, we identify casein kinase 1α as a possible candidate for KLP10A phosphorylation. We propose a model in which phosphorylation of the KLP10A motor domain provides a regulatory switch controlling the time and place of MT depolymerization.
The Wise Man Builds His House Upon the Rock: The Effects of Inadequate School Building Infrastructure on Student Attendance*

Objective. This article looks at the effect of school infrastructure on student attendance and drop-out rates. Methods. Using the school as the unit of analysis, Tobit analysis is performed to analyze 226 Houston Independent School District schools. Results. The quality of school infrastructure has a significant effect on school attendance and drop-out rates. Students are less likely to attend schools in need of structural repair, schools that use temporary structures, and schools that have understaffed janitorial services. Conclusions. School districts who wish to maximize attendance and minimize drop-out rates should avoid temporary solutions to school building inadequacies and provide students, teachers, and administrators with quality permanent structure schools, and quality janitorial staffs to maintain those schools.
Blood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydration.

POPOWSKI, L. A., R. A. OPPLIGER, G. P. LAMBERT, R. F. JOHNSON, A. K. JOHNSON, and C. V. GISOLFI. Blood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydration. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 5, 2001, pp. 747–753. Purpose: To determine whether: a) plasma osmolarity (Posm)
Delinquent girls: Observations of their styles within a cottage setting

An attempt was made to understand by means of testing, interviews, and observations the individual and group psychodynamics of 13 delinquent girls in one cottage of a girls' training school. The girls were individuals almost uniformly impoverished in ego skills and consequently showed a great deal of role diffusion and could deal only with the immediate and present. Group interaction was dominated by a core group of four girls who represented the stable power structure of the cottage. With the exception of one dyadic relationship, most other relationships between the girls were transient (lasting one or two weeks) and of low emotional intensity. Overall, a girl's homosexual involvement was predictive of her total social involvement because of its index of the ability to relate emotionally to others.
Regulation and Role of the Arabidopsis Abscisic Acid-Insensitive 5 Gene in Abscisic Acid, Sugar, and Stress Response

Abscisic acid (ABA) and stress response from late embryonic growth through early seedling development is regulated by a signaling network that includes the Arabidopsis ABA-insensitive (ABI)5 gene, which encodes a basic leucine zipper transcription factor. We have characterized genetic, developmental, and environmental regulation of ABI5 expression. Although expressed most strongly in seeds, the ABI5 promoter is also active in vegetative and floral tissue. Vegetative expression is strongly induced by ABA, and weakly by stress treatments during a limited developmental window up to approximately 2 d post-stratification, but ABA and some stresses can induce expression in specific tissues at later stages. ABI5 expression is autoregulated in transgenic plants and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and stress response appears to involve ABI5-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To determine whether ABI5 is necessary and/or sufficient for ABA or stress response, we assayed the effects of increased ABI5 expression on growth and gene expression. Although overexpression of ABI5 confers hypersensitivity to ABA and sugar, as previously described for ABI4 and ABI3 overexpression lines, it has relatively limited effects on enhancing ABA-responsive gene expression. Comparison of expression of eight ABI5-homologous genes shows overlapping regulation by ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5, suggestive of a combinatorial network involving positive and negative regulatory interactions.
Factors Associated with Retaliatory Attitudes among African American Adolescents Who have been Assaulted

OBJECTIVES: (a) To describe attitudes regarding retaliation among adolescents who have been assaulted. (b) To examine assault/event characteristics, personal, parental, and environmental factors associated with the retaliatory attitudes of adolescents who have been assaulted. METHODS: African American youth aged 10-15 years presenting to two large urban hospitals with peer assault injury and a parent/caregiver completed interviews in their home after their emergency department visit. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses revealed that lower SES, older age, and adolescents' perceptions that their parents support fighting were related to endorsing retaliatory attitudes. Girls who were aggressive were more likely to endorse retaliatory attitudes. However, level of aggression did not impact boys' retaliatory attitudes. Affiliating with aggressive peers influenced the retaliatory attitudes of boys, but did not influence girls' retaliatory attitudes. Overall, youths' perceptions of their parents' attitudes toward fighting had the greatest impact on retaliatory attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents' perceptions of their parents' attitudes toward fighting may be a factor in subsequent re-injury among youth. Violence prevention and intervention efforts need to involve components that assess parental attitudes and incorporate strategies to engage parents in violence prevention efforts. In addition, interventions for youth who have been assaulted may need to incorporate some gender-specific components in order to address the unique needs of girls and boys. Language: en
"POR UN CLAVO SE PIERDE UN REINO": ALFONSO REYES, THE GENERATION OF 1927, AND THE IMPERIAL APPROPRIATION OF GÓNGORA

In 1921, Alfonso Reyes became widely known among hispanists as the “first of a new generation of gongoristas,” a title granted to him by none other than Raymond Foulche Delbosc, the first modern editor of Gongora’s poetry. The preeminence of Reyes’s gongorismo in the 20th century follows that of another Latin American writer: Ruben Dario, the first poet to proclaim the modernity of Gongora’s poetry, himself the origin of a poetic revolution in modern Hispanic letters rivaled only by that of Garcilaso de la Vega in the Renaissance. The purpose of this article is to explain the celebration of Gongora’s centenary by the Generation of 1927 in connection with Alfonso Reyes’s academic work on Gongora, from its Mexican beginnings ( Cuestiones esteticas , 1910) to his years of exile in Madrid ( Cuestiones gongorinas , 1927). The article shows how Alfonso Reyes was pushed to the periphery of the celebration while his ideas on Gongora remained, ironically, both central and unaccredited, becoming almost immediately the popular “tesis oficial del 27” as well as the beginning of Damaso Alonso’s lasting authority in gongorismo . With this successful cooptation and popularization of Reyes’s views on Gongora, the Generation of 1927 achieved not only the normalization of Gongora as a viable icon of Spanish national identity, but the appropriation of modernismo within the native legacy of gongorismo .
Locations and representations: Writing in the political present in Sarawak, East Malaysia

Since 1987, the Malaysian state of Sarawak has been the focus of a broad‐based transnational environmental campaign concerned with large‐scale mechanized logging and the dispossession of indigenous communities. In the present discussion I examine a series of concerns relating to my efforts to write a history of the Sarawak campaign. I do so as a way of elucidating the argument that taking seriously the multi‐sitedness of such research projects, particularly those that focus on subaltern social movements, demands that anthropologists and other scholars engaged in the study of such movements rethink the implications of their ethnographic presence and their efforts at representation. This in turn might have a transformative effect on their thinking about the possibility of alternative forms of ethnographic practice.
INSTITUTIONAL SOURCES OF INTELLECTUAL POVERTY IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

Why has the field of communication failed to define itself, its intellectual focus, and its mission in a coherent way? This essay explores reasons for this failure, focusing especially on the institutional use of the field's central terms and concepts. Incoherence has been the price of institutional success. What defines communication's unique identity as a field is also what maintains its conceptual confusions. The field is compared to a nation-state. The essay places the field's emergence in the context of the history of the social sciences in order to help illuminate its current crises and to explore how we might find new ways of conceiving the field's intellectual task.
X-ray medical image processing using directional wavelet transform

Multi-resolution and multi-orientation are part of the biological mechanism of human visual system. The interest in multi-resolution image analysis has been growing rapidly. Comparatively, however, the multi-orientation method has received less attention. Based on the relationship between multifrequency channel decomposition and the wavelet model developed by Mallat [1989], a combined multiresolution/multi-orientation representation by directional wavelet transform (DWT) is introduced in this paper. Because of its high orientation selectivity, the DWT allows the processing of directional information more efficiently. It is applied successfully to feature enhancement and extraction of X-ray mammographic images.
Accuracy and resolution of shuttle radar topography mission data

[1] We assess the accuracy and resolution of topography data provided by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) through spectral comparisons with the National Elevation Dataset (NED) and a high-resolution laser data set of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake rupture. We find that SRTM and the NED are coherent for wavelengths greater than 200 m, however the spatial resolution of the NED data is superior to the SRTM data for wavelengths shorter than 350 m, likely due to the application of a boxcar filter applied during final SRTM processing stages. From these results, a low-pass filter/decimation algorithm can be designed in order to expedite large-area SRTM applications.
Martian meteorites: Volatile trace elements and cluster analysis

— We report data for 15 mainly volatile trace elements (Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U, Zn) by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) in whole-rock samples of five Martian meteorites that, with seven others studied earlier, complete the 12 member Martian meteorite suite. Nearly all of these elements exhibit highly variable compositional continua and are richer in the Martian suite compared with other basaltic meteorites. From cluster analysis, we find that the clustering of subtypes based on these elements is virtually identical to that based on contents of major refractory elements and mineralogic/petrographic character istics, which implies that each source region on Mars was closed to volatile transport. Martian meteorite data can be used to infer volatile element contents in that planet.
Gas-solid fluidized systems: Average mass transfer potentials of shallow beds

An experimental investigation has been conducted on the direct establishment of mass transfer driving forces for the vaporization of n-decane from Celite particles fluidized by air. Ranges of particle sizes and reactor diameters were employed. Concentration profiles of n-decane were determined and were integrated to obtain the actual average concentration difference for the entire bed. The ratio of the actual driving force to the corresponding log-mean value has been correlated with the average particle size, the fluidized bed height, and the modified Reynolds number to produce two relationships capable of predicting these ratios to within 2.5% (83 runs). The results for these mass transfer studies should also be applicable to comparable studies on heat transfer in fluidized beds.
The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates—Madeleine M. Leininger

This edited transcript of an interview with Madeleine Leininger presents Leininger's recent thoughts about the development and current state of the discipline of nursing, the development of the theory of culture care diversity and universality, methods for nursing research, mentorship, and transcultural nursing practice.
‘It's a really great tool’: feminist pornography and the promotion of sexual subjectivity

Drawing from a critical cultural studies-based study that included interviews with producers and performers, and focus groups with consumers, the following paper seeks to demystify meaning-making processes among women that consume feminist pornography. Rather than focus on either production practices or consumer patterns, this study engages with both in an attempt to uncover discursive formations and reception. The following paper describes how feminist pornography audiences arrive at this genre, based on both distaste for mainstream depictions of female sexuality and an interest in diversifying their pornography diet; these orientations have led them to develop a ‘taste’ for ethically produced, or ‘feminist’, pornography content. In addition, data suggest that consumers engage with negotiated readings patterns and normative viewing practices. Drawing on these findings, this paper argues that feminist pornography offers a unique ‘heterotopia’ for a particular population of female, feminist-identified cons...
Isolated non-hemorrhagic cecal varices

Ectopic varices (those outside of the gastro-esophageal region) are occasionally found on endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension; however they account for a small minority of all variceal bleeds. Cases of isolated cecal varices are quite rare and, when described, often present with acute hemorrhage or evidence of occult bleeding. We present the case of a 29-year-old male with a history of idiopathic portal vein thrombosis and known esophageal varices, who presented for evaluation of abdominal pain. Cecal varices were found on endoscopy, without evidence of bleeding and without varices in the remainder of the colon or rectum. Endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography were useful in confirming the diagnosis and natural history of these unusual varices.
Conformational Nature of the Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Outer Surface Protein C Protective Epitope

Active immunization with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi has been demonstrated to confer protection against a tick-transmitted infection on laboratory animals. A previous study in this laboratory showed that OspC antibody raised against a denatured immunogen isolated from B. burgdorferi cells failed to provide protective immunity. Therefore, to determine whether the protective epitope of the recombinant antigen was sensitive to denaturation, recombinant OspC preparations were subjected to heat and chemical treatments prior to animal immunization. Following seroconversion to OspC, the animals were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 by tick bite. Whereas mice immunized with a soluble, nondenatured form continued to show protection rates close to 100%, mice that had been immunized with denatured antigen were not protected. Furthermore, mice that were immunized with an insoluble (rather than a soluble), nondenatured form of the recombinant OspC showed a protection rate of only 40%. Protective epitope localization experiments showed that either the amino or the carboxy end of the recombinant protein was required to react with a protective OspC-specific monoclonal antibody. The data from these experiments demonstrate that a conformational organization of the protein is essential for the protective capability of the strain B31 OspC immunogen.
Determination of anisotropic optical constants and surface coverage of molecular films using polarized visible ATR spectroscopy. Application to adsorbed cytochrome c films.

This article describes a method to determine the anisotropic optical constants and surface coverage of molecular films using polarized attenuated total reflectance (ATR) absorbance measurements. We have extended the transfer-matrix formalism to describe birefringent and dichroic films in ATR geometries and have combined it with an iterative numerical procedure to determine the anisotropic values of both the real ( n) and imaginary (k) parts of the complex refractive index of the film under investigation. Anisotropic values of the imaginary part of the refractive index (k) allow for the determination of the surface coverage and one order parameter of the film. To illustrate this approach, we have used cytochrome c (cyt c) protein films adsorbed to glass and indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces. Experimental results show that cyt c films on these surfaces, which were formed under identical conditions, have significant differences in their surface coverages (11.2 ( 0.4 pmol/
New implementations of analog FIR and IIR filters exhibiting a potential for wide signal bandwidth and programmability

New implementations of analog finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filter topologies devoid of operational amplifiers are presented. The circuits consist of various connections of delay lines and controlled current sources. The design problem associated with these new structures is considered, and is similar to procedures currently in existence for digital realizations of FIR and IIR circuits. Simulation results are presented for a variety of wideband and narrowband designs. The effect of controlled current source finite output conductance is considered along with a means for its compensation. The noise effect associated with the presence of this parasitic element, in addition to that associated with the controlled current sources and the terminating line resistances, is considered. >
Analog implementations of artificial neural networks

Analog implementations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are discussed. Analog ANNs should be faster and smaller than digital implementations; however, the problem of the smaller dynamic range of analog storage must be addressed. The main problems are the required level of connectivity and long-term storage. With regard to connectivity, analog ANNs may be restricted to applications where only local connectivity is required, or where the number of neurons is small enough that essentially full connectivity can be achieved with VLSI. The problems with long-term storage are the complexity required and the resolution required for the backward error propagation (BEP) learning algorithm. The prospects of several different techniques for implementing analog ANNs are presented along with a brief survey of recent research results. >
Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Candida albicans by flow cytometry.

A flow cytofluorometric susceptibility test (FCST) for in vitro antifungal drug testing ofCandida albicans was developed. Membrane damage was indicated by increased cellular fluorescence owing to propidium iodide or rose bengal uptake. Ketoconazole caused an exponential dose-response effect, best defined by Emax, at therapeutically achievable concentrations (0.02–0.2 µg/ml). This effect was not comparable to the conventional minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effect elicited by higher antibiotic concentrations. Amphotericin B, on the other hand, did not elicit Emax, but caused a >1 log dose-response effect which did correspond to the MIC. 5-Fluorocytosine susceptibility was also measurable. Other cytometric data indicating abnormal growth and growth inhibition, as well as conventional growth inhibition testing, confirmed that the 10-h FCST measured useful parameters of in vitro susceptibility.
Development and evaluation of a novel artificial catheter-deliverable prosthetic heart valve and method for in vitro testing.

Background: This work presents a novel artificial prosthetic heart valve designed to be catheter or percutaneously deliverable, and a method for in vitro testing of the device. The device is intended to create superior characteristics in comparison to tissue-based percutaneous valves. Methods: The percutaneous heart valve (PhV) was constructed from state-of-the-art polymers, metals and fabrics. It was tested hydrodynamically using a modified left heart simulator (Lhs) and statically using a tensile testing device. Results: The PhV exhibited a mean transvalvular pressure gradient of less than 15 mmhg and a mean regurgitant fraction of less than 5 percent. It also demonstrated a resistance to migration of up to 6 N and a resistance to crushing of up to 25 N at a diameter of 19 mm. The PhV was crimpable to less than 24 F and was delivered into the operating Lhs via a 24 F catheter. Conclusion: an artificial PhV was designed and optimized, and an in vitro methodology was develo- ped for testing the valve. The artificial PhV compared favorably to existing tissue-based PhVs. The in vitro test methods proved to be reliable and reproducible. The PhV design proved the feasibility of an artificial alternative to tissue based PhVs, which in their traditional open-heart implantable form are known to have limited in vivo durability. (Int J artif organs 2009; 32: 262-71)
Examining Achilles' heel: improving response rates with cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have demonstrated improved heart failure status, quality of life, exercise capacity, systolic function of the left ventricle (LV), mortality, and numerous other outcomes in heart failure patients [(1,2)][1]. Current guidelines
Training models for enhancing psychiatric care in primary care.

Worldwide, the burden of care for patients with psychiatric disorders often falls to primary care physicians. Family physicians take responsibility for treating psychiatric disorders or address them as comorbid conditions on a daily basis. For other patients with psychiatric disorders, the only professional they will ever see is a primary care physicians and usually for biomedical problems. Primary care physicians are both the ‘‘de facto mental health delivery system,’’ and providers by default. For some patients, the family physician is the only professional they trust; for others, financial and logistical barriers prevent access to mental health services. For many patients, the personal and social stigma leads to the avoidance of mental healthcare. Addressing psychiatric disorders in primary care is complex. It is timeconsuming to accurately diagnose and document essential symptoms, to determine the degree of impairment, and to discuss findings with frightened, defensive, embarrassed, resistant, or demoralized patients. Moving on to treatment is equally challenging. Which disorders can a family physician manage and which methods are appropriate in a busy practice? Referral to the mental health providers often end up in a quagmire of miscommunication, duplication of treatment, iatrogenic complications, and dual systems of care due to confidentiality requirements and poor integration. This issue of the International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine focuses on successful family medicine residency training efforts that prepare future family physicians in the United States to acquire essential skills and abilities for psychiatric care. For the third consecutive year, this special issue is based on noteworthy presentations from ‘‘The Forum for Behavioral Science in
Localization and location verification in sensor networks

Sensor networks are still in need of efficient algorithms to bootstrap and maintain network operation in order for them to become a practical technology. Localization continues to be a challenging problem for such networks. Typically sensor networks consist of thousands of nodes disseminated haphazardly over some area without location awareness. A localization algorithm is thus necessary to locate the nodes for data integrity and network operation. We study what can be achieved using connectivity information alone for localization, in particular, in situations where the network shape is complex. We present our algorithm that exploits the global rigidity property of combinatorial Delaunay complex on selected landmark nodes. The key insight is that the combinatorial Delaunay complex has a unique realization in the plane. Thus an embedding of the landmarks by simply gluing the Delaunay triangles properly recovers the faithful network layout. We also demonstrate how this algorithm can be performed without any knowledge of the network boundary by selecting landmarks according to an incremental Delaunay refinement method. In addition, we illustrate how the algorithm works in 3D where nodes are equipped with altimeters to get altitude information. We then tackle the related problem of location verification where the objective is to correctly assess location claims of un-trusted (potentially compromised) nodes. The mechanisms we introduce prevent a compromised node from generating illicit event reports for locations other than its own. To achieve this goal, in a process we call location certification, data routed through the network is tagged by participating nodes with belief ratings, collaboratively assessing the probability that the claimed source location is indeed correct.
Authoritarianism and Church Influence on Ideology and Behavior

Across the developing world, churches often seek to shape members’ public opinion and electoral behavior, yet we know little about which people are most likely to be influenced. Drawing from recent research on both authoritarian personality and moral foundations, I investigate the ways orientations towards hierarchy and authority shape responses to political influence in church. Two competing hypotheses present themselves. Authoritarians might be more likely to comply with religious authorities, or they might be less responsive if churches sway non-authoritarians towards the consistently conservative attitudes of authoritarians. Moreover, rigidity in cognitive style may make authoritarians less persuasible in general. Examining cross-national data from the 2012 AmericasBarometer and longitudinal data from Brazil’s 2014 presidential election, I find that churches affect more strongly the opinions of non-authoritarians on issues related to social conformity. However, authoritarians are most likely to heed religious cues when attitudes and behaviors are not driven by social conformity.
Accelerated Oxidations of Polyisoprene. II. Effects of Hydrazines, Sulfur Compounds, and Phenyl-β-Napthylamine in Solution

Abstract At concentrations of 0.1 to 1 mM, phenylhydrazine causes marked decrease in viscosity of polyisoprene solutions in a few minutes at 50° C (see section II). This effect requires the presence of oxygen but no preoxidation of the rubber. Two molecules of oxygen are absorbed and about one fifth to one tenth of a chain is cleaved per molecule of phenylhydrazine added. The reaction is essentially complete within 20 min. This fast reaction is not much affected by the presence of antioxidants but results in the formation of some material (possibly phenolic) which reduces the effectiveness of other prooxidants. 1,1 -Dimethylhydrazine and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, unlike phenylhydrazine, have slow but sustained effects. Hydrazine monohydrate is intermediate in its action. Investigation of the effects of several sulfur compounds on polyisoprene solutions brought out some striking effects and a need for further work. p-Thiocresol is a strong prooxidant for our polyisoprene solutions at concentrations below 0.2 ...
Heats of Formation of CF2, FCO, and CF2O

The heat of formation of CF2O has been calculated at high levels of ab initio molecular orbital theory. The best values were obtained by extrapolating CCSD(T) energies obtained from the correlation consistent basis sets, up through augmented quadruple-ζ, to the complete basis set limit. Core/valence corrections were obtained from basis sets designed to recover such effects. Zero-point energies were taken from experiment, and missing values were calculated at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level and scaled to approximate experimental values. The calculated ΔHf° values are CF = −58.2 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, CF2 = −46.6 ± 0.7 kcal/mol, FCO = −44.1 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, and CF2O = −145.2 ± 0.8 kcal/mol.