cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Left Adrift

begins bravely: "The left is dead; long live the left." Rapley, a political scientist who teaches at the University of the West Indies, is an Africa specialist best known for his work on the Ivory Coast, one of the few economic success stories in sub-Saharan Africa. His useful new book takes the form of a historical survey of development thought and practice from the 1940s to the present. Chapter 1 starts, appropriately, with the British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose early twentieth-century ideas promoting government spending to restore prosperity in the industrialized world inspired the first generation of development economists after World War II. Rapley then describes the views of the 1950s "structuralists," trade pessimists who believed that the secular trend in the terms of international trade favored the industrialized North over the developing South. They designed the strategy of "import substitution industrialization"government encouragement of manufacturing by private firms for the domestic market-to counter this trend. Chapters 2 and 3 chronicle the limitations and failures of import substitution in practice and its replacement by a less statist, more market-oriented approach. Although successful at building factories and infrastructure, import substitution did not free developing world economies from dependence on manufactured imports or raw materials exports. It also allocated resources inefficiently, created few jobs, neglected agriculture, and led to increased corruption by government officials and the business people favored by government policies. Many economists blamed these failures not just on import substitution but on excessive state intervention in the economy in general. These critics advocated a shift to a strategy of export-oriented industrialization, in which domestic entrepreneurs and foreign investors would be encouraged to produce manufactured goods for sale in the international marketplace. At the same time, these reformers limited the role of government to providing the macroeconomic essentials. At the deeper level of economic theory, Keynes's pump-priming state interventionism was driven out by the neoclassical monetarism of the University of Chicago's Milton Friedman. In chapter 4 Rapley looks at the consequences of the neoclassically derived "structural adjustment" policies that the World Bank imposed on many governments in the developing world during the 1980s and 1990s. These measures have included "fiscal austerity and disinflationary policies, the privatization of state
Diagnosis and Cure of the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome or Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias during a Single Electrophysiologic Test

Abstract Background. We conducted this study to determine the feasibility of an abbreviated therapeutic approach to the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, in which the diagnosis is established and radiofrequency ablation carried out during a single electrophysiologic test. Methods. One hundred six consecutive patients were referred for the management of documented, symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (66 patients) or the Wolff—Parkinson—White syndrome (40 patients). All agreed to undergo a diagnostic electrophysiologic test and catheter ablation with radiofrequency current. No patient had had such a test previously. Results. Among the 66 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, the mechanism was found to be atrioventricular nodal reentry in 46 (70 percent) (typical in 44 and atypical in 2), atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia involving a concealed accessory pathway in 16 (24 percent), atrial tachycardia in 2 (3 percent), and no...
Speaking-Related Dyspnea in Healthy Adults

Purpose To reveal the qualities and intensity of speaking-related dyspnea in healthy adults under conditions of high ventilatory drive, in which the behavioral and metabolic control of breathing mu...
The dynamics of electrical breakdown in liquid hydrocarbons I.

Abstract The development of an electrical spark in an insulating liquid such as liquid hydrocarbons has been studied using a pulsed laser schlieren technique. This technique consists of splitting a 15 ns laser pulse, coming from a Q-switched Ruby laser, into two beams one of which is delayed by some 60 ns with respect to the other. Both beams are sent through the test cell in the same direction and projected onto two different cameras. With the help of the schlieren optics the movement of charge carriers is indicated in terms of density gradients. The results obtained with this technique suggest that the electrical spark moves somewhat similar to a tornado, i.e. it twists and moves between the parallel surfaces of the two electrodes. The velocity of charge carriers moving from cathode to anode is of the order of 107 cm/sec at a nominal electrical field of 500 kV/cm. The lateral movement is of the order of 2 × 106 cm/sec. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of earlier results and a qualitative mechanism for electrical breakdown is proposed.
The effects of secondary stimulus characteristics on men's sexual arousal

The penile plethysmograph is believed by many researchers and clinicians to be the most valid and reliable instrument currently available for assessing male sexual arousal patterns. Stimuli used to elicit sexual arousal in research studies as well as in plethysmographic assessments, however, have varied considerably. We examined the effects of two stimulus characteristics that may greatly influence the measurement of male sexual arousal—the type of sexual behavior depicted and the presence of accompanying audio cues. The sexual arousal of 18 male college students was individually assessed via penile plethysmograph and self‐report while they viewed 60‐second erotic video clips. Each video clip depicted a single sexual behavior; half of the clips were presented with accompanying audio. Separate 2 (sound) x 6 (behavior) x 2 (session) repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant main effects for sound and behavior for both the physiological and self‐report data, as well as a significant sound x behavior inte...
Rees Matrix Covers and Semidirect Products of Regular Semigroups

Abstract In a recent paper (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 349 (1997), 4265–4310), P.G. Trotter and the author introduced a “regular” semidirect product U ∗ V of e-varieties U and V . Among several specific situations investigated there was the case V = RZ , the e-variety of right zero semigroups. Applying a covering theorem of McAlister, it was shown there that in several important cases (for instance for the e-variety of inverse semigroups), U ∗ RZ is precisely the e-variety L U of “locally U ” semigroups. The main result of the current paper characterizes membership of a regular semigroup S in U ∗ RZ in a number of ways; one in terms of an associated category S E and another in terms of S regularly dividing a regular Rees matrix semigroup over a member of U . The categorical condition leads directly to a characterization of the equality U ∗ RZ = L U in terms of a graphical condition on U , slightly weaker than “e-locality.” Among consequences of known results on e-locality, the conjecture CR ∗ RZ = L CR (with CR denoting the e-variety of completely regular semigroups), is therefore verified. The connection with matrix semigroups then leads to a range of Rees matrix covering theorems that, while slightly weaker than McAlister's, apply to a broader range of examples. K. Auinger and P. G. Trotter (Pseudovarieties, regular semigroups and semidirect products, J. London Math. Soc. (2) 58 (1998), 284–296) have used our results to describe the pseudovarieties generated by several important classes of (finite) regular semigroups.
Credit allocation and investment decisions: The case of the manufacturing sector in Korea

Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of selective credit controls in Korea. The methodology used takes into account both direct credit availability and counterbalancing interest rate changes. The paper concludes that selective credit controls did indeed facilitate, albeit slightly, the investment activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. Repercussions on working capital and inventories were found to be minor, and side effects on large enterprises insignificant. The paper does not make judgments regarding alternatives to the use of selective credit controls. For a country contemplating the introduction of selective credit controls, such an evaluation would have been important.
Why cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition plus chemotherapy?

New approaches to treating cancers are needed. Preclinical studies have identified numerous candidate genes/proteins that promote the cancer process. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a reasonable target because it is found in many epithelial tumors, has been shown to portend a poor prognosis, and is involved in many processes that promote cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. Inhibition of COX-2 also has the potential to provide supportive care to patients with cancer. This article describes the rationale for performing a phase II trial of specific COX-2 inhibition in combination with chemotherapy to define toxicity and efficacy. However, as with most new therapies, phase III trials will be needed to determine whether specific COX-2 therapy is able to improve patient outcome with a reasonable safety profile.
Meniscal allograft transplantation. Part 1: systematic review of graft biology, graft shrinkage, graft extrusion, graft sizing, and graft fixation

To provide a systematic review of the literature regarding five topics in meniscal allograft transplantation: graft biology, shrinkage, extrusion, sizing, and fixation. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and EBSCO-CINAHL databases. Articles were classified only in one topic, but information contained could be reported into other topics. Information was classified according to type of study (animal, in vitro human, and in vivo human) and level of evidence (for in vivo human studies). Sixty-two studies were finally included: 30 biology, 3 graft shrinkage, 11 graft extrusion, 17 graft size, and 6 graft fixation (some studies were categorized in more than one topic). These studies corresponded to 22 animal studies, 22 in vitro human studies, and 23 in vivo human studies (7 level II, 10 level III, and 6 level IV). The principal conclusions were as follows: (a) Donor cells decrease after MAT and grafts are repopulated with host cells form synovium; (b) graft preservation alters collagen network (deep freezing) and causes cell apoptosis with loss of viable cells (cryopreservation); (c) graft shrinkage occurs mainly in lyophilized and gamma-irradiated grafts (less with cryopreservation); (d) graft extrusion is common but has no clinical/functional implications; (e) overall, MRI is not superior to plain radiograph for graft sizing; (f) graft width size matching is more important than length size matching; (g) height appears to be the most important factor influencing meniscal size; (h) bone fixation better restores contact mechanics than suture fixation, but there are no differences for pullout strength or functional results; and (i) suture fixation has more risk of graft extrusion compared to bone fixation. Systematic review of level II–IV studies, Level IV.
The Harderian gland.

Resume des etudes realisees sur la glande de Harder au niveau, de la morphologie, la biochimie, la physiologie, le dimorphisme sexuel, la photosensibilite, la synthese d'hormones et des eventuelles contributions de cette glande a la thermoregulation
Element distribution in size fractions of Apollo-16 soils: Evidence for element mobility during regolith processes

Abstract Three Apollo-16 soils, 61220, 63500 and 65500, having diverse properties were separated into six size fractions and analyzed for 8 volatiles and siderophiles. Relative concentrations of an additional 20 elements were determined in 61220 and 63500. The volatile elements Cd, Zn, In and Ga increase in concentration with decreasing grain size; in the finest fractions the increase is roughly parallel to the increase in specific surface area, and a surface correlation is inferred. The total increase from coarsest (177–500 μm) to finest ( Concentration-size distributions of siderophiles show peaks in the 80–300 μm range for each soil, independent of whether they are dominantly extralunar (Ni, Ge, Au, Ir) or lunar (Co) in origin. If this peak results from agglutinate formation, a viable mechanism must allow for incorporation of the extralunar siderophiles. Alternatively, the peak may result from a continuous growth of metal grain size during the evolution of the regolith.
EFFECTS OF RESPONSE TYPE AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY UPON CLASSIFICATION LEARNING.

(1965). Effects of Response Type and Problem Complexity upon Classification Learning. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 151-159.
Some Determinations on the Soluble Nitrogen Compounds of Cream and Butter

Summary Proteolysis of cream, as shown by increase in amino nitrogen and nitrogen not precipitated by phosphotungstic acid in the corresponding butters begins as soon as the cream develops acidity of 0.2 or 0.3 per cent. As these butters were held in storage, there was found to be an increase in the soluble nitrogen compounds, the increase on butters made from sweet cream being slight, while the butters made from neutralized sour cream showed a somewhat greater increase. The greatest per cent of soluble nitrogen, when the butter was fresh, and also the greatest increase during storage, was on butter made from cream which had been allowed to sour before being pasteurized.
The frequency dependence of dislocation damping in niobium

Abstract The frequency dependence of dislocation damping in niobium was measured in the megahertz frequency range at 293 and at 80°K. The results are interpreted in terms of an ‘elastic string’ dislocation mechanism and in terms of a dislocation motion mechanism based on the movement of kinks. Both models appear to be consistent with the experimental results. The ‘elastic string’ mechanism leads to a viscous damping constant of 1.1 × 10 −4 dyn sec. cm −2 at 293°K. The kink motion mechanism leads to a ratio of the kink density/kink damping constant of 0.3 × 10 19 cm dyn −1 sec. −1
Minority Representation under Cumulative and Limited Voting

We examine minority representation resulting from modified at-large elections (cumulative and limited voting) used in U.S. localities in the 1990s. Hypotheses about the relative proportionality of descriptive representation under various local election systems are presented and tested. We find that CV/LV elections produced descriptive representation of African-Americans at levels similar to those in larger single-member district places, and at levels that exceed those from some small, southern SMD places. Results for Latino representation are more qualified. Our results offer encouragement for those interested in facilitating minority representation without using the acrimonious process of drawing districts on the basis of races.
Visualising high-dimensional data in time and space: ideas from the Orca project

Abstract Environmental data are frequently high-dimensional with measurements of multiple chemical constituents, plant or animal species, or meteorological variables. Environmental data are also frequently structured with interest in the patterns of variation over time and space. We describe some new data visualization methods from the Orca project that allow the analyst to reduce the dimension of the data without obscuring its basic structure and illustrate these on air pollution data.
Agency in illness narratives: A pluralistic analysis

In this essay, I argue that structural approaches to narrative articulate identity and agency as internal constructs. As such, these analyses neglect the roles of institutional and social factors. A pluralistic analysis of these illness narratives, such as the one offered in this essay, can help narrative scholars better understand how these forces interact with the individual experiences of people living with illness in supporting and constraining agency.
A vital stain for studying membrane dynamics in bacteria: a novel mechanism controlling septation during Bacillus subtilis sporulation

At the onset of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, two potential division sites are assembled at each pole, one of which will be used to synthesize the asymmetrically positioned sporulation septum. Using the vital stain FM 4-64 to label the plasma membrane of living cells, we examined the fate of these potential division sites in wild-type cells and found that, immediately after the formation of the sporulation septum, a partial septum was frequently synthesized within the mother cell at the second potential division site. Using time-lapse deconvolution microscopy, we were able to watch these partial septa first appear and then disappear during sporulation. Septal dissolution was dependent on σE activity and was partially inhibited in mutants lacking the σE-controlled proteins SpoIID, SpoIIM and SpoIIP, which may play a role in mediating the degradation of septal peptidoglycan. Our results support a model in which σE inhibits division at the second potential division site by two distinct mechanisms: inhibition of septal biogenesis and the degradation of partial septa formed before σE activation.
Insulin secretion and body composition in obesity

Abstract Plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were measured before and for 6 hr following a 100 g oral glucose load in ten normal volunteers and 17 grossly obese subjects. Eleven of the obese had an abnormal glucose tolerance, five of whom were overt diabetics. Twelve of the obese were restudied after significant weight reduction (thinned obese). Eight thinned obese subjects were also restudied 6–12 mo after completion of the weight reduction protocol. Body composition was measured in each subject prior to testing. Obesity was associated with hyperinsulinemia in the fasting state and in response to oral glucose. The obese diabetics demonstrated a delay and an impairment of insulin secretion in response to glucose. After weight reduction, elevated fasting plasma insulin levels fell in all. Insulin response to oral glucose was not different in the thinned obese with normal glucose tolerance from that observed in the normal volunteers. There was significant correlation between both fasting plasma insulin and total measurable insulin following the glucose load, and total body fat in the obese and thinned obese nondiabetics, but not in the obese overt diabetics. There was, however, significant correlation between fasting plasma insulin levels and total body fat in the diabetics who had a normal fasting blood sugar. These data indicate that the hyperinsulinemia of obesity is clearly related to the increase in total body fat. Carbohydrate intolerance occurs in those obese individuals with a limited pancreatic insulin secretory reserve, which fails to compensate for the increase in total body fat.
Comparing and Evaluating Corporate Names in the National Authority File (LC NAF) on OCLC and on the Web

ABSTRACT This paper compares one hundred corporate names listed in the National Authority File (LC NAF) on OCLC with the corporate names listed on official corporate web pages collected between October 1st and November 30th, 2001 in order to understand and evaluate their differences. Twenty five percent of corporate names found in the National Authority File are different from the form of corporate names found on official corporate web pages in this study. This creates a concern that users may not be finding everything issued by corporate bodies in library catalogs. Which form of corporate names should catalogers use as the authorized headings?
Contextualizing the Criminal Justice Policy-Making Process

This article is an attempt at improving the knowledge base on the criminal justice policy-making process. As the criminological subfield of crime policy leads more criminologists to engage in policy analysis, understanding the policy-making environment in all of its complexity becomes more central to criminology. This becomes an important step toward theorizing the policy process. To advance this enterprise, policy-oriented criminologists might look to theoretical and conceptual frameworks that have established histories in the political and policy sciences. This article presents a contextual approach to examine the criminal justice policy-making environment and its accompanying process. The principal benefit of this approach is its emphasis on addressing the complexity inherent to policy contexts. For research on the policy process to advance, contextually sensitive methods of policy inquiry must be formulated and should illuminate the social reality of criminal justice policy making through the accumula...
Identification of Ligands for DAF-12 that Govern Dauer Formation and Reproduction in C. elegans

In response to environmental and dietary cues, the C. elegans orphan nuclear receptor, DAF-12, regulates dauer diapause, reproductive development, fat metabolism, and life span. Despite strong evidence for hormonal control, the identification of the DAF-12 ligand has remained elusive. In this work, we identified two distinct 3-keto-cholestenoic acid metabolites of DAF-9, a cytochrome P450 involved in hormone production, that function as ligands for DAF-12. At nanomolar concentrations, these steroidal ligands (called dafachronic acids) bind and transactivate DAF-12 and rescue the hormone deficiency of daf-9 mutants. Interestingly, DAF-9 has a biochemical activity similar to mammalian CYP27A1 catalyzing addition of a terminal acid to the side chain of sterol metabolites. Together, these results define the first steroid hormones in nematodes as ligands for an invertebrate orphan nuclear receptor and demonstrate that steroidal regulation of reproduction, from biology to molecular mechanism, is conserved from worms to humans.
Structural insights into G-protein-coupled receptor activation☆

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of eukaryotic plasma membrane receptors, and are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to external signals. GPCRs share a common architecture comprising seven transmembrane (TM) helices. Binding of an activating ligand enables the receptor to catalyze the exchange of GTP for GDP in a heterotrimeric G protein. GPCRs are in a conformational equilibrium between inactive and activating states. Crystallographic and spectroscopic studies of the visual pigment rhodopsin and two beta-adrenergic receptors have defined some of the conformational changes associated with activation.
Computation of n-dimensional Laplace transforms

¢(p) = p ~ e -px f(x) dx (1.3) 0 where ~0(p) is the image and f(x) the original; we write symbolically ~0(p) c f(x). In this paper, we develop a theorem in n-dimensional Laplace transformation and apply this theorem to compute Laplace transform pairs in n-dimensions, as it is not easy to tackle this problem otherwise in a neat form. The other authors (see [1-4], [8]) who have developed theorems in n-dimensions have given applications mostly in 2 or 3 dimensions. See also [6] and [7] for the use of multi-dimensional Laplace transforms in partial differential equations.
Laterality of hand function in naturalistically housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Studies of laterality of hand function in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have the potential to tell us about the origins of handedness in Homo sapiens. However, the data are confusing, with discrepancies present between studies done in the field and the laboratory: the former show wild chimpanzees to be unlateralised at the population level, while the latter show captive chimpanzees as lateralised at the population level. This study of 26 semi-free ranging chimpanzees of Chester Zoo, UK, aimed to investigate a situation between the wild and captivity and provided ethological data for 43 categories of spontaneous manual use and 14 categories of tool use. Other variables recorded were subordinate hand activity, whether the subject was arboreal or terrestrial, and the identity of the subject. Using switching focal subject sampling, 23,978 bouts of hand use and 1,090 bouts of tool use were recorded. No population-level handedness was present for manual non-tool use activities in the naturalistically housed chi...
Intraspecific variation in the egg-spacing behavior of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

Females of Callosobruchus maculatustend to distribute their eggs uniformly among host seeds and, thereby, reduce competition among larvae within seeds. We investigated variability in this behavior by assaying beetles from seven geographic strains on each of three host species. To quantify egg-spacing behavior,we devised an index (U)that estimates the uniformity of the egg distribution but is independent of the number of eggs laid. Egg-spacing behavior was highly variable among beetle strains and legume hosts. Females from an Indian strain frequently achieved the most uniform distribution possible (maximum hyperdispersion), whereas females from two Brazilian strains frequently deposited eggs randomly. Differences among strains were evident throughout the period of oviposition;some strains were “sloppy” when even egg densities were low. Variation in egg-spacing behavior appears to be influenced by prior host associations and by host size. The most well-developed spacing behavior was observed in a strain associated with the smallest host, which supports only one or two larvae per seed. Realized fecundity also varied significantly among beetle strains. We found no evidence, however, of a predicted tradeoff between the number of eggs laid and the uniformity of the egg dispersion.
Development of a database of amino acid sequences for proteins identified and isolated on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels.

As part of our continuing studies into the biochemical basis of long-term changes in neuronal function in Aplysia, we have developed a simple method for obtaining amino acid sequence information from proteins isolated on two-dimensional gels. Proteins isolated on preparative two-dimensional gels are digested in situ with Staphylococcus, aureus V8 protease, and the resulting peptides electrophoresed, transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and sequenced in a gas-phase sequencer. The method is simple and should be applicable to a variety of other systems where the development of a two-dimensional gel database is underway.
Non-scanning dual infrared band hyperspectral imaging spectrometer design

Recent advances in dual band infrared focal plane technology now enable the design and testing of a dual infrared band snapshot imaging spectrometer, the first-ever of its kind. A review of proof of concept results from a dual-visible-band Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) system is presented. The dual-visible system demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct two spatially co-registered hyperspectral data cubes covering different spectral bands. Based on the visible band CTIS proof of concept, a similar infrared system is now proposed. Critical to the CTIS system is the design of the Computer Generated Holographic (CGH) disperser. Several different (CGH) designs are considered. A first order optical design for the dual infrared band CTIS is presented.
Alterations in liver ultrastructure and induction of UDP-glucuronyltransferase in the rat following prenatal exposure to 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl.

Prenatal exposure of rats to 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB) at 3 mg/kg/day from day 6 through day 18 of gestation produced a high incidence of perinatal mortality. Although the fine structure of fetal liver at day 19 appeared normal, significant changes were manifest in newborn pups. These alterations included a distention of cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and conspicuous proliferation of smooth membrane elements, which persisted in survivors for several weeks. In addition, mitochondria often appeared condensed with an atypical distribution of cristae. These changes were accompanied by a postnatal induction in the activity of liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase. In treated litters, 3-week-old pups had activity levels of the enzyme three times that of the controls.
Histological and toxicological responses of the mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus (L.) to combinations of levels of cadmium and dissolved oxygen in a freshwater

Abstract Impact of dissolved oxygen concentration (D.O.) on toxicity of cadmium to mummichogs in a freshwater medium and histological changes associated with exposure were determined. Levels of mortality were related to duration of exposure, cadmium concentration, and levels of dissolved oxygen. Median tolerance concentrations, at 96h, ranged upward from 1.3 to about 3.0 mg Cd 1 −1 at 2.3 and 8.5 mg DO 1 −1 , respectively. Statistical analyses of mortality data showed factors examined were interdependent and that Cd × DO and Cd × time interactions were significant (P −1 , although histopathology was evident in gills from fish exposed to 28 mg Cd 1 −1 for 6 1/2 h. Responses of mummichogs to cadmium in freshwater are compared with results of a previous study involving exposure of the species to cadmium in seawater and with responses of freshwater fishes subjected to various heavy metals. Differences and similarities in patterns of response are discussed in terms of water balance.
Penile Microvascular Arterial Bypass Surgery: Indications, Outcomes, and Complications

Penile microarterial bypass surgery (MABS) may be the only treatment capable of restoring normal erectile function without the necessity for the chronic use of vasoactive medications or placement of a penile prosthesis. Lack of standardization in patient selection, hemodynamic evaluation, surgical technique, and limited long-term outcome data using validated instruments has resulted in this surgery being considered experimental. The members of the Erectile Dysfunction Guideline Update Panel reviewed the available MABS publications and only four of 31 manuscripts met the criteria for the Arterial Occlusive Disease Index patient. The total studied population of these four publications was 50, which was considered too small to determine if MABS is effective or not. Reported successful outcomes were 36-80 and 91% for inferior epigastric artery (IEA) to dorsal vein and IEA to dorsal artery MABS, respectively. We recently published the largest long-term outcome MABS study using validated questionnaires (71 men aged 30.5 +/- 9.2 years; mean follow-up 34.5 +/- 18 months). The mean pre- and postoperative total International Index of Erectile Function, erectile function domain, questions 3 and 4 scores were 35.5 +/- 14.8, 13.7 +/- 6.7, 2.2 +/- 1.4, 2.1 +/- 1.3, and 56.2 +/- 16.6, 23.8 +/- 6.6, 4.1 +/- 1.4, and 3.9 +/- 1.5, respectively. In addition, 55 and 73% of patients reported erectile function domain scores > or =26 and 21, respectively, and almost 90% of patients would recommend or undergo MABS again. In addition, changes in pre- and postoperative sexual distress scale scores and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were statistically significant. More importantly, treatment satisfaction (EDITS) was very high, and 87% of patients would recommend the surgery to someone else and 88.7% reported a significant improvement in their erectile function. In patients with no vascular risk factors and pure cavernosal arterial insufficiency, MABS provides long-term improvements in erectile function, depression, and overall satisfaction.
The evolution of thermal structures beneath a subduction zone

Abstract Thermal models of the subducting lithosphere and the surrounding mantle are investigated simultaneously. In the model, slab subduction is treated as a kinematic process. Subduction angle and subduction velocity are prescribed. The mantle is permitted to respond dynamically to subduction. Mantle flow is driven by both mechanical shearing and thermal buoyancy. Finite difference numerical techniques are utilized to model the subduction process. Results indicate that the descending lithosphere and the induced flow in the wedge area dictate the thermal structure beneath plate convergent regions. The temperature of a slab is found to be insensitive to the mantle condition prior to slab subduction. Viscous shear heating effects within the dynamic mantle are found to be important in maintaining a high temperature region immediately beneath the inter-arc basins.
Influence of monooleoylglycerol on islet cell phosphoinositide hydrolysis and insulin secretion.

Abstract The diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor monooleoylglycerol (MOG) produced a dose-dependent increase in both phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and insulin secretion in the presence of a substimulatory glucose level (2.75 mM). This effect could not be reproduced by the combination of oleic acid plus glycerol, potential metabolic products derived from MOG catabolism. At a level (25 μM) which has no significant effect on beta cell insulin secretion or PI hydrolysis in the presence of 2.75 mM glucose, MOG significantly potentiated the insulin stimulatory effect of the sulfonylurea tolbutamide (200 μM) in the presence of 7 mM glucose. This heightened insulin secretory response and PI hydrolysis were effectively attenuated by the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine (0.5 μm). These findings indicate that MOG has complex effects on beta cell performance. It promises, however, to be a useful probe in assessing how events associated with increases in PI hydrolysis influence insulin secretion.
Review and Meta-analysis of Couple-Oriented Interventions for Chronic Illness

Background Evidence continues to build for the impact of the marital relationship on health as well as the negative impact of illness on the partner. Targeting both patient and partner may enhance the efficacy of psychosocial or behavioral interventions for chronic illness.
'Footballs', conical singularities, and the Liouville equation

We generalize the football shaped extra dimensions scenario to an arbitrary number of branes. The problem is related to the solution of the Liouville equation with singularities, and explicit solutions are presented for the case of three branes. The tensions of the branes do not need to be tuned with each other but only satisfy mild global constraints.
Cybernetic models based on lumped elementary modes accurately predict strain-specific metabolic function.

In a recent article, Song and Ramkrishna (Song and Ramkrishna (2010). Biotechnol Bioeng 106(2):271- 284) proposed a lumped hybrid cybernetic model (L- HCM) towards extracting maximum information about metabolic function from a minimum of data. This approach views the total uptake flux as distributed among lumped elementary modes (L-EMs) so as to maximize a prescribed metabolic objective such as growth or uptake rate. L-EM is computed as a weighted average of EMs where the weights are related to the yields of vital products (i.e., biomass and ATP). In this article, we further enhance the predictive power of L-HCMs through modifications in lumping weights with additional parameters that can be tuned with data viewed to be critical. The resulting model is able to make predictions of diverse metabolic behaviors varying greatly with strain types as evidenced from case studies of anaerobic growth of various Escherichia coli strains. Incor- poration of the new lumping formula into L-HCM remark- ably improves model predictions with a few critical data, thus presenting L-HCM as a dynamic tool as being not only qualitatively correct but also quantitatively accurate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 127-140.
Increased membrane atpase and K+ transport rates in streptococcusfaecalis induced by K+ restriction during growth

Summary The membrane ATPase in Streptococcus faecalis increased 1.5 – 2.1 fold when K+ in the growth medium was lowered to levels insufficient for the maintenance of optimal growth. Two other membrane enzymes tested, p-nitrophenylphosphatase and NADH dehydrogenase, did not increase. Cells with the induced increase in ATPase also exhibited increased rates of glycolysis dependent 86Rb+ uptake and net K+ uptake. The findings support the view that the membrane ATPase in S. faecalis functions in the active transport of K+ and that the organism responds adaptively to lack of K+ during growth by producing additional ATPase.
Surface properties of perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate/n‐alkyl acrylate copolymers

Wetting behavior of perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate (FA)/n-alkyl acrylate (AA) copolymers with the various length of side chains of the AAs is discussed from a standpoint of surface molecular mobility. The copolymerization reactivity ratio indicates that these polymers are random copolymers. The surface properties were studied by measuring dynamic contact angle, static contact angle and freeze-dried X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the bulk properties by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The advancing contact angles for water were independent of side-chain length of AAs and were almost constant at 120°. We have attributed this phenomenon to the orientation of perfluoroalkyl groups (Rf groups, CxF2x+1) in air, which is independent of side-chain length of AAs. On the contrary, the receding contact angles showed small values of about 45° when n numbers below 8 and increased when n numbers above 12. This can be explained as follows. High wettability during the receding process at the n numbers below 8 results from regression of Rf groups at the water–solid interface caused by minimization of the interface free energy. The low wettability during the receding process at the n numbers above 12 shows that Rf groups cannot regress due to its crystallization. This mechanism is also supported by other measurements. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1741–1749, 1999
Variability of practice in anatomic pathology and its effect on patient outcomes

Variability in the delivery of medical care negatively affects patient outcomes and contributes to escalating health care costs. Such heterogeneity exists on geographic, provider-related, institutional, and financial levels. Efforts to reduce it have resulted in the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that have been only inconsistently adopted. Testing patterns in anatomic pathology (AP) also manifest considerable inconsistency, further contributing to suboptimal health outcomes and increased costs. Test variability in AP can be identified in its clinician-dependent preanalytic aspect and in the analytic phase as well, including the gross prosection of specimens, their processing, and reporting formats. To address selected facets of these issues, pathologists have developed practice guidelines that generally are based on "expert" opinion, representing the weakest form of evidence. Interpretative variability in AP has been investigated in numerous published studies that have measuring the "kappa statistic." Few of those analyses have addressed the impact of diagnostic disagreement on patient care; in addition, proposed and effective methods to reduce interpretative variability have only rarely been included.
A study of aerosol chemical reactions by optical resonance spectroscopy

Abstract A new spectroscopic technique has been developed for the study of chemical reactions between a reactive gas and an aerosol. A single microdroplet of 1-octadecene was suspended by means of electrical fields in a laser beam and the chemical reaction between bromine vapor and the droplet was monitored by recording the optical resonance spectrum of the scattered light and its phase function. Resonances are extremely sensitive to droplet size and refractive index, and hence they were used to determine the refractive index change that occurred as the reaction proceeded. Reaction rates and the solubility of the reactive vapor are shown to be measurable by this method.
Oxidative enzyme activity in Candida albicans.

The cytochemical localization of succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2 tetrazolium reductase, and NADPH2 tetrazolium reductase activities in cells of C. albicans is described. The 3 activities were seen in both mitochondria and cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic activity of the 2 reductases seems stronger than that of succinic dehydrogenase. The possibility of using these techniques for an investigation of the mechanism of action of anticandida drugs and candida stimulating antibiotics is discussed.
Thermal modeling of high temperature power conversion capacitors

As an enabling technology, the state-of-the-art for wound film capacitors is continuously being driven towards higher temperature, higher energy density, and longer life to support the development of tomorrow's advanced systems. Progress in high temperature capacitors, defined in this work as a capacitor operating at temperatures at or above 100°C, is particularly important as system developers seek to reduce weight and size by removing cooling equipment for electronic components. This temperature regime is extremely strenuous for polymer wound film capacitors since all but the most expensive and specialized dielectric materials are greatly weakened electrically and mechanically. Capacitors designed to operate under high frequency (30 kHz) and high RMS current values undergo even more strenuous conditions and require special consideration in their design. In addition to ambient temperature, the heat generated by high frequency operation can decrease the lifetime of the unit and is of concern to both the designer of the component and the system it is used in. This work investigates the thermal behavior of high temperature, high frequency capacitors with the intent of assisting both component and system designers.
Molecular orientation at interfaces as studied by optical second-harmonic generation

The nonlinear optical process of second harmonic generation (SHG) is an inherently surface sensitive technique for studying the interface of two centrosymmetric media. This surface selectivity has led to its application as an in situ probe of chemisorption, molecular orientation, and adsorbate organization at interfaces. This paper describes the use of resonant SHG to measure molecular adsorption and orientation at solid-air, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid surfaces. The polarization and phase dependence of the resonant SHG from molecules at these surfaces can be related to the average molecular orientation at the interface. Perturbation theory calculations using pi-electron wavefunctions are used to identify the molecular nonlinear polarizability tensor elements required in the orientation calculation.
Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis Syndrome: Review of the World Literature and Report of the Syndrome in a Prepubertal Child

An 8-year-old boy with reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome had erythematous plaques on his chest, face, and arms for three years. Sun exposure resulted in pruritus and increased lesions. Histologic examination revealed a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate with hematoxylin and eosin staining, positive staining material between the dermal collagen bundles with alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining, and granular basement membrane deposits of IgM with direct immunofluorescence staining. Results of all lupus erythematosus serologies and porphyrin studies were negative. Minimal erythema dose determinations to ultraviolet A and B were normal, and the lesions could not be induced with high doses of irradiation. Topical sunscreens, corticosteroid cream, and systemic beta-carotene produced no therapeutic benefit.
Multiple-layered coatings on l-glutamine solid microparticles for the retention during storage and enteric delivery during in vitro digestions

Abstract The objective of this work was to study delivery systems of water-soluble bioactive compounds using solid/oil/water emulsions to minimize the release during storage and gastric digestion. Spray-dried glutamine solid particles were suspended in milk fat that was emulsified by whey protein isolate or sodium caseinate at neutral pH as primary emulsions, followed by deposition of pectin at pH 3.0 to obtain secondary emulsions. Zeta-potential results verified the preparation of secondary emulsions. Secondary emulsions showed a higher efficiency of encapsulating glutamine and retaining glutamine during storage. For emulsions reconstituted from spray dried secondary emulsions, 90% after the subsequent 4-h simulated intestinal digestion. Therefore, the solid/oil/water secondary emulsions can be used as delivery systems of water-soluble bioactive compounds.
Action-Reaction Metaphysics and Negligence

During the missile defense debate of the late 1960s, the inadequacy of a simplistic action‐reaction arms race model was not blatantly obvious. Now it is. Numerous other factors typically drive decisions about the forces a country will, or will not, develop and deploy.
Adsorption equilibrium of methane and carbon dioxide on porous metal-organic framework Zn-BTB

Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged over the past decade as an important new class of materials possessing permanent porosities, uniform pore structures, high surface areas, and low crystal densities. MOFs are regarded as promising solid adsorbents for gas storage and separation but have not reached an applied level yet. One impediment to MOF applications is incomplete adsorption information and lack of structure-property relationships. In this paper, we present pure-component adsorption equilibrium data for methane and carbon dioxide at different temperatures on a new three-dimensional Zn-MOF material built from the ligand 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) with Zn metal. The data are described by Toth’s equation and Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation. Thermodynamic properties including isosteric heat of adsorption are estimated based on the two models and comparisons are made with other adsorbents. The smaller pore diameters of Zn-MOF compared to related structures MOF-177 and UMCM-1 lead to greater adsorption loadings at 1 bar.
The synthesis and cytotoxic activity of some haloacetamidoalkyl β-D-xylopyranosides

Abstract 2-Hydroxyethyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-β- D -xylopyranoside was prepared from 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-α- D -xylopyranosyl chloride by the action of 1,2-ethanediol and mercuric acetate. Subsequent mesylation and azide displacement gave 2-azidoethyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-β- D -xylopyranoside, which was hydrogenated over palladiumon-charcoal and the amine acylated with various haloacetyl halides, to afford 2-(haloacetamido)ethyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-β- D -xylopyranosides. Deprotection to obtain the free sugars was carried out with 5m M ethanolic sodium ethoxide. 2-(Chloroacetamido)ethyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-β- D -xylopyranoside was further modified by sequential azide displacement, hydrogenation, and subsequent acylation with various haloacetyl halides to afford 2-[(haloacetamido)acetylamino]ethyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-β- D -xylopyranosides, which were also deprotected to give the corresponding free sugars. The effects of these haloacetamido analogs on the growth of the melanoma cells in tissue culture was evaluated.
An orbit-averaged Darwin quasi-neutral hybrid code

We have developed an orbit-averaged Darwin quasi-neutral hydbrid code to study the in situ acceleration of cosmic ray by supernova-remnant shock waves. The orbit-averaged alogorithm is well suited to following the slow growth of Alfven wave driven by resonances with rapidly gyrating cosmic rays. We present a complete description of our algorithm, along with stability and noise analyses. The code is numerically unstable, but a single e-folding may require as many as 10/sup 5/ time-stepsexclamation It can therefore be used to study instabilities for which /sub physical/> GAMMA/sub n//sub u//sub m//sub e//sub r//sub i//sub c//sub a//sub l/, provided that GAMMA/sub n//sub u//sub m//sub e//sub r//sub i//sub c//sub a//sub l/ tau /sup f//sup i//sup n//sup a//sup l/