cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Membrane Bioreactor for Cell Tissues and Organoids

Progresses in polymeric membrane preparation and in the understanding and control of their transport properties make possible the design of novel membranes to be used for cell culture (e.g., hepatocytes, lymphocytes, pancreatic islets) in biohybrid systems such as therapeutic device or as in vitro model systems for studying the effects of various drugs and chemicals on cell metabolism. Special attention is paid to the design of the membrane with defined microstructure and physicochemical properties as well as to the importance of transport and physicochemical properties of the membrane in contact with the cells. The development of new biomaterials and bioreactors able to activate a specific response of the cells and to maintain cell differentiation for a long time is one of the most pertinent issues in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Polymeric membranes are attractive for their selectivity and biostability characteristics in the use of biohybrid systems for cell culture. Semipermeable membranes act as a support for the adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells and allow the specific transport of metabolites and nutrients to cells and the removal of catabolites and specific products. Moreover, new membrane systems that have been recently realized as the membrane contactors might also potentially contribute to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Constriction and Dnm1p recruitment are distinct processes in mitochondrial fission

Mitochondria undergo cycles of fusion and fission crucial for organelle homeostasis. Fission is regulated partially by recruitment of the large GTPase Dnm1p to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Using three-dimensional time-lapse fluorescence imaging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, we found that Dnm1p-EGFP appears and disappears at “hot spots” along mitochondrial tubes. It forms patches that convert rapidly into different shapes regardless of whether mitochondrial fission ensues or not. Moreover, the thickness of the mitochondrial matrix displays frequent temporal fluctuations apparently unrelated to fission or to recruitment of Dnm1p-EGFP. These results suggest that mitochondrial fission requires coordination of at least two distinct processes.
Relationship between cloud radiative forcing, cloud fraction and cloud albedo, and new surface-based approach for determining cloud albedo

This paper focuses on three interconnected topics: (1) quantitative relationship between surface short- wave cloud radiative forcing, cloud fraction, and cloud albedo; (2) surface-based approach for measuring cloud albedo; (3) multiscale (diurnal, annual and inter-annual) vari- ations and covariations of surface shortwave cloud radiative forcing, cloud fraction, and cloud albedo. An analytical ex- pression is first derived to quantify the relationship between cloud radiative forcing, cloud fraction, and cloud albedo. The analytical expression is then used to deduce a new ap- proach for inferring cloud albedo from concurrent surface- based measurements of downwelling surface shortwave radi- ation and cloud fraction. High-resolution decade-long data on cloud albedos are obtained by use of this surface-based approach over the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiaton Measurement (ARM) Program at the Great South- ern Plains (SGP) site. The surface-based cloud albedos are further compared against those derived from the coincident GOES satellite measurements. The three long-term (1997- 2009) sets of hourly data on shortwave cloud radiative forc- ing, cloud fraction and cloud albedo collected over the SGP site are analyzed to explore the multiscale (diurnal, annual and inter-annual) variations and covariations. The analytical formulation is useful for diagnosing deficiencies of cloud- radiation parameterizations in climate models.
Halide Dependence of the Halorhodopsin Photocycle as Measured by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectra

Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectra of the halorhodopsin (hR) photocycle have been collected from 3 micros to 100 ms in saturating concentrations of KCl or KBr. Kinetic analysis of these data revealed two decay processes, with time constants of tau(1) approximately 150 micros and tau(2) approximately 16 ms in the presence of either halide, with tau(2) describing the return to the starting (hR) state. Comparison to previous low-temperature FTIR spectra of hR intermediates confirms that characteristic hK and hL spectral features are both present before the tau(1) decay, in a state previously defined as hK(L) (Dioumaev, A., and M. Braiman. 1997. Photochem. Photobiol. 66:755-763). However, the relative sizes of these features depend on which halide is present. In Br-, the hL features are clearly more dominant than in Cl-. Therefore, the state present before tau(1) is probably best described as an hK(L)/hL(1) equilibrium, instead of a single hK(L) state. Different halides affect the relative amounts of hK(L) and hL(1) present, i.e., Cl- produces a much more significant back-reaction from hL(1) to hK(L) than does Br-. The halide dependence of this back-reaction could therefore explain the halide selectivity of the halorhodopsin anion pump.
Mediators of the Association Between Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Young Adult Men’s Life Satisfaction

Childhood emotional maltreatment has been linked to a wide range of deleterious physical and psychological adult health outcomes. The present study extends past research by examining the effects of childhood emotional maltreatment on young adult men's life satisfaction through its effects on hostility and perceptions of social relationships. Participants were 423 single men who completed two interviews 1 year apart. As hypothesized, the association between self-reported childhood emotional maltreatment and adult life satisfaction was mediated through general hostility, rejection sensitivity in romantic relationships, and perceptions of male friends' social support. These findings suggest that interventions which address distorted perceptions of romantic partners and friends might reduce the negative impact of childhood emotional maltreatment.
Operations Research Techniques in Farm Management: Survey and Appraisal

daries of his field and concluded that there were three kinds of research-"fundamental," "applied," and "operational," with the last being the domain of OR [40, p. 241]. If we were to accept this view of OR my comments would be virtually at an end at this point. There has been scarcely enough application of OR techniques to solving operating problems on farms to warrant serious discussion.' In actual practice, OR has changed its character somewhat and is obviously less and less devoted to solving operating problems, and more and more given to technique development and to solution of problems of general interest [3, 60]. In other words, it has expanded from its "operational" base to include "applied" research of the type typical of academic farm-management efforts. Since OR has not made any substantial change in our professional point of view, I will review applications that have been made in recent years to ordinary farm-management problems. I will exclude from consideration those works that are not primarily directed toward application at the farm level.
Collaborative interaction and display space organization in large high-resolution environments

In recent years, we have seen a steady increase in the resolution and the amount of collected data that needs to be analyzed or presented. Often, the complexity of the problems that drive this increase requires that multidisciplinary teams work collaboratively towards a solution. Traditional paper-based war rooms have been shown to double the productivity of radically collocated teams when addressing such problems. Large, high-resolution displays have the potential to transform paper-based war rooms into more dynamic digital war rooms by enabling virtual interaction and reconfigurable space. Although of great potential, these affordances alone will not result in increased productivity since our current knowledge of virtual interaction and display space organization is based on contemporary desktop systems with vastly different requirements, necessitating new techniques tailored for wall displays. This dissertation first presents a unique interaction framework that allows multi- user, multi-modal control of wall displays along with scalable, distributed user interface widgets for building novel interfaces for collaborative large, high-resolution environments. The framework enabled subsequent investigations of the user interaction and display space organization issues through numerous real-world usage scenarios. The investigations were aimed at shedding light on two specific questions. First, what is a set of interaction requirements and modalities appropriate for collaborative work across a broad range of wall display use cases? Second, what display space organization techniques and behaviors do users employ in collaboratively managing a large amount of information on wall displays? Based on observations from a number of use cases, a sample set of tools was iteratively developed for addressing the issues of input control and display space organization. Lastly, the developed tools were evaluated in a simulated collaborative analysis task for the purposes of understanding how the developed techniques serve to support traditional war rooms.
Influence of chronic morphine poisoning on growth and metabolism of the albino rat.

SummaryChronic administration of morphine in doses increasing from 20 mg/kg/day to 200 mg/kg/day over a period of 8 weeks to young albino rats resulted in a marked suppression of growth. This occurred in spite of a greater food intake per unit of body weight. In addition, the animals receiving morphine demonstrated a significant reduction in their respiratory quotients at the 48 hour withdrawal period. The interpretation of the changes in metabolic rate is not apparent on the basis of the results obtained.
UV Laser-Initiated Deposition of Al2O3 Films: The Effect of Surface Irradiation

The effects of 193 and 248 nm UV surface irradiation on the properties of Al 2 O 3 films produced by UV laser-initiated deposition have been investigated using ellipsometry and electrical measurements. The UV irradiated region shows a higher refractive index than the unirradiated regions, indicating that densification has occurred. Energy fluences as low as 1 mJ/cm 2 , too low to cause significant transient heating, produce measurable effects. The results suggest that UV irradiation may be used to obtain lower deposition temperatures in a variety of deposition systems.
Rescuing the Self from Selflessness: How We Can Be Better at Helping Others by Helping Ourselves

This article examines the risks faced by helping professionals, such as clinical social workers, due to their tendency to be more attentive to clients than to their own needs. It is suggested that clinicians can improve job engagement and minimize burnout risk through increased self-awareness and self-care. Using an approach based on Giddens’ (1984) structuration theory, the authors provide specific suggestions for self-awareness and self-care, including the concept that workers should improve and exercise their self-advocacy skills as a form of self-care.
STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY FACIES OF BIOCLASTIC LIMESTONE MEMBER, CARBONIFEROUS, TARIM BASIN

The sedimentary facies of Carboniferous Bioclastic Limestone Member is mainly classified into shore and carbonate platform facies in Tarim basin. In the paper, two depositional models are established by comprehensive analysis: they are the clastic shore to carbonate platform model and the carbonate intraplatform model. Terrigenous clastic and mixed shore facies are mainly distributed in the north of Tarim basin. Evaporate platform facies are spread in the east of the 4 wells in middle Tarim and in Qikuqiake area, and the best dolostone reservoirs are largely located there, too. In other areas the restricted and semi restricted platform facies are distributed. At the end of the paper, we discuss the sedimentary facies evolution in Carboniferous Bioclastic Limestone Member.
Longitudinal growth of the human vertebra; a contribution to human osteogeny.

1. The longitudinal growth of the human vertebral body is depicted by a series of sagittally cut specimens taken from fresh autopsy material, ranging from one of an 8-centimeter foetus to one of a twenty-three-year-old adult. 2. Longitudinal growth of the vertebral body takes place by means of true epiphysealcartilage plates, as does longiwdinal grollth in the metaphyses of long bones. 3. The vertebral ring, often observed in the roentgenograms of growing vertebrae, is all apophysis rather than an epiphysis, and takes no part in the longitudinal growth of the vertebral body.
Axial Affinities of a Euclidean Plane (AX)

The main results of this short chapter are Theorems AX.3 and AX.4. The first of these shows that every axial affinity (defined in Chapter 3, Definition CAP.25) on a Euclidean plane is either a stretch or a shear; the second proves that every axial affinity is a belineation.
USE OF A CONDUCTANCE CATHETER TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF ENDOTOXEMIA ON LEFT VENTRICULAR END-SYSTOLIC PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN ANESTHETIZED SWINE

Effects of endotoxemia on left ventricular contractility and systemic hemodynamics were determined in pentobarbital-anesthetized swine. A multielectrode conductance (volume) catheter and a high-fidelity pressure transducer catheter were passed retrograde into the left ventricle to continuously measure pressure and volume. End-systolic pressure-volume relationships were determined during transient (8 to 10 s) caudal vena caval balloon occlusion. Lactated Ringer's solution was administered at a rate sufficient to maintain left ventricular end-diastolic pressure > or = 6 mm of Hg. Following baseline measurements, Escherichia coli endotoxin (O55-B5) was infused IV at 2.5 micrograms/kg of body weight/h for 3 hours. Left ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees), the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship; end-systolic elastance normalized for left ventricular end-diastolic volume (Ees norm); the rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt max); and preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW, stroke work-to-end-diastolic volume relationship) did not change in endotoxemic swine, compared with baseline measurements or with values from control (physiologic saline solution-treated) swine. Left ventricular pressures and volumes had marked pig-to-pig variability in the control and endotoxin-treated groups. Determination of Ees, Ees norm, and PRSW was further confounded by development of frequent premature ventricular contractions during caudal vena caval balloon occlusion. Endotoxin significantly (P < 0.05) decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, compared with that in control swine, and significantly (P < 0.01) decreased left ventricular end-diastolic volume, compared with baseline. Endotoxin decreased cardiac index and arterial blood pressure, whereas heart rate, central venous pressure, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Production from Radiolabeled Substrates in Drosophila melanogaster.

The power of Drosophila genetics is increasingly being applied to questions of hormone signaling and metabolism and to the development of models of human disease in this organism. Sensitive methods for measurements of parameters such as metabolic rates are needed to drive the understanding of physiology and disease in small animals such as the fruit fly. The method described here assesses fuel oxidation in small numbers of adult flies fed food containing trace amounts of 14C-labeled substrates such as glucose or fatty acid. After the feeding period and any additional experimental manipulations, flies are transferred to short tubes capped with mesh, which are then placed in glass vials containing KOH-saturated filter paper that traps exhaled, radiolabeled CO2 generated from oxidation of radiolabeled substrates as potassium bicarbonate, KHCO3. This radiolabeled bicarbonate is measured by scintillation counting. This is a quantitative, reproducible, and simple approach for the study of fuel oxidation. The use of radiolabeled glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids allows determination of the contribution of these different fuel sources to energy metabolism under different conditions such as feeding and fasting and in different genetic backgrounds. This complements other approaches used to measure in vivo energy metabolism and should further the understanding of metabolic regulation.
What is Wrong with Phelps’s Analysis of the West’s Economies?

Edmund Phelps argues against present day capitalism and economic theory because the former has lost it dynamism and the latter has ignored the human spirit. He provides little evidence that things are getting worse and ignores how economic takes into account human desire for autonomy and creativity. Phelps looks fondly on his liberal arts education, but his reason for doing so is slipshod and unworthy of a Nobel Prize winner.
Electron Transfer Mediator Effects in Water Oxidation Catalysis by Solution and Surface-Bound Ruthenium Bpy-Dicarboxylate Complexes

Electrocatalytic water oxidation by the catalyst, ruthenium 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate (bda) bis-isoquinoline (isoq), [Ru(bda)(isoq)2], 1, was investigated at metal oxide electrodes surface-derivatized with electron transfer (ET) mediators. At indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) in pH 7.2 in H2PO4–/HPO42– buffers in 0.5 M NaClO4 with added acetonitrile (MeCN), the catalytic activity of 1 is enhanced by the surface-bound redox mediators [Ru (4,4′-PO3H2-bpy)(4,4′-R-bpy)2]2+ (RuPbpyR22+, R = Br, H, Me, or OMe, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). Rate-limiting ET between the Ru3+ form of the mediator and the RuIV(O) form in the [RuV/IV(O)]+/0 couple of 1 is observed at relatively high concentrations of HPO42– buffer base under conditions where O···O bond formation is facilitated by atom-proton transfer (APT). For the solution [Ru(bpy)3]3+/2+ mediator couple and 1 as the catalyst, catalytic currents vary systematically with the concentration of mediator and the HPO42– buffer base concentration. Electron transfer mediatio...
Using a Gulf of Mexico Atlantis model to evaluate ecological indicators for sensitivity to fishing mortality and robustness to observation error

Abstract This work provides a formal evaluation of 25 ecological indicators highlighted by the Southeast Fisheries Science Center’s IEA program as useful for tracking ecosystem components in the Gulf of Mexico. Using an Atlantis ecosystem model as an operating model, we select indicators that are quantifiable using simulation outputs and evaluate their sensitivity to changes in fishing mortality. Indicator behavior was examined using a multivariate ordination. The ordination is used to tell how well each indicator describes variation in ecosystem structure (termed ‘importance’) under different levels of fishing mortality and to reveal redundancies in the information conveyed by indicators. We determine importance using sample data from the operating model, with and without observation error added. Indicators whose importance is diminished least by error are considered robust to observational error. We then quantify the interannual noise of each indicator, where annual variability relates to the required sampling frequency in a management application. Red snapper biomass, King mackerel biomass and Reef fish catch ranked in the top 5 most important without error scenarios, and King mackerel biomass and Species richness were in the top 5 most important even after error was added. Red snapper biomass was consistently found to be the most important and most robust among fishing mortality scenarios tested, and all 4 of these indicators were found to have low levels of interannual noise suggesting that they need to be sampled infrequently. Our results provide insight into the usefulness of these indicators for fisheries managers interested in the impacts of fishing on the ecosystem.
The Future of Adolescent Group Therapy

This paper describes the various forces that influence the field of adolescent group psychotherapy; some of which include theoretical ideas and trends, scientific findings from neurosciences, political and economical factors and data from clinical research on adolescent groups. These factors, interacting with current social changes, have been influencing the development, training, and clinical practice of adolescent groups. A better understanding of these forces will enable group therapists to forsee and influence the future development of adolescent groups.
Noncomparable Poverty Comparisons

Poverty estimates based on enumeration from a single point in time form the basis for most country-level analysis of poverty. Cross-country comparisons of poverty, and global counts of the poor, implicitly assume that country-level poverty headcounts are comparable. This paper illustrates that the assumption of comparability is potentially invalid when households are interviewed multiple times throughout the year, as opposed to a single-visit interview. An example from Jordan illustrates how the internationally comparable approach of handling data from repeat visits yields a poverty rate that is 26 per cent greater than the rate that is currently reported as the official estimate.
Real-Time Characterization of an Antimicrobial Mechanism-of-Action with Nonlinear Optical Scattering

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging threat that demands continuous development of new classes of antibiotic agents. In the interest of efficiently optimizing viable chemical targets, it is imperative to have experimental techniques capable of characterizing not only the efficacy of an antibiotic, but also the specific mechanism-of-action (MoA). We have recently demonstrated the surface-sensitive nonlinear optical technique, second-harmonic generation light scattering (SHS), for quantifying transmembrane molecular transport in living cells(1). We now show that SHS can be applied as a sensitive probe of membrane permeability in living bacteria. Specifically, by monitoring the uptake response of an SHS-active probe molecule following administration of an antibacterial agent, perturbations in the measured transport response reveal time- and concentration-dependent changes in the permeability of the bacterial membranes, thus permitting real-time characterization of the MoA. As an initial proof-of-principle, we apply SHS for deducing the sequential MoA of the antimicrobial, Bricilidin (Bn). Bn is a synthetic arylamide foldamer exhibiting amphiphilic topology similar to that of cell-penetrating peptides, and was designed to disrupt bacterial membranes(2). Using malachite green (MG) as an SHS-active probe, we characterize the MoA of Bn in Escherichia coli. In general, for low concentrations ( 15min), Bn begins to disrupt the CM, resulting in an apparent decreased permeability, likely indicating depolarization of the membrane.REFERENCES:1. Wilhelm, M.J., M. Sharifian Gh., and H.-L. Dai. 2015. Chemically Induced Changes to Membrane Permeability in Living Cells Probed by Nonlinear Light Scattering. Biochemistry. 54: 4427–4430.2. Mensa, B., G.L. Howell, R. Scott, and W.F. DeGrado. 2014. Comparative mechanistic studies of brilacidin, daptomycin, and the antimicrobial peptide LL16. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 58: 5136–5145.
Productivity of Great Plains Soils: Past, Present, and Future

Soils are products of the interaction of climate, organisms, time, topography, parent material, and human intervention in management. Soil properties of the Great Plains have been predominantly shaped by the climate variable. However, cultivation and grazing pressures in the region have been significant factors in the most recent 150 years. Soil management, as it interacted with climate and soils, has affected the region’s productivity; the effects of those management practices will continue to affect soil productivity in the future.
T cell expression of the histone demethylase UTX promotes clearance of a persistent virus infection by modulating Tfh cell differentiation (VIR1P.1155)

T cell differentiation and memory formation are impacted by epigenetic changes that modulate nucleosome structure to regulate transcription factor accessibility. The enzymes and specific targets that mediate these processes within T cells are not clear. We show that UTX, a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, promotes the formation of the CD4+ T follicular helper cell (Tfh) phenotype during a chronic virus infection. Mice with T cell specific UTX deletion had defects in Tfh cell generation and function that resulted in reduced germinal center responses and virus-specific immunoglobulin production. Furthermore, clearance of the chronic virus infection was specifically dependent on T cell expression of UTX. H3K27me3-ChIP-sequencing and RNA expression analysis revealed a subset of genes that were specifically regulated by UTX via H3K27 demethylation. This group included IL-6Ra, a known regulator of Tfh responses, as well as other genes, which are potentially novel Tfh effector genes. Thus, we identify a critical link between UTX-dependent H3K27 demethylase activity in T cells and immunity to infection.
GNSS-R from the SMAP and CyGNSS missions: Application to polarimetric scatterometry and ocean altimetry

Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) ocean applications includes scatterometry and altimetry. In this work, an investigation is performed on polarimetric scatterometry over ocean surface using data from a GNSS-R experiment on-board the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, and on ocean surface topography from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission using new retrieval algorithms. The former one provides global coverage because of the Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO), while the latter one focuses on tropical latitudes providing a spatial sampling of 32 swaths. First results from SMAP over the Artic Sea show clearly sea ice effects on the reflected waveforms.
STANDARDIZATION AND THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

Effective strategies reflect a high degree of “fit” with the competitive environment (Andrews 1987). Product standardization has long been a visible element of the environment for competitors in many industries, but its incidence and significance have increased greatly in recent years. In some industries (e.g. microprocessors), the fortunes of rival firms have been profoundly shaped by the consequences of standardization. As industrial managers cope with the dynamic forces of an era dominated by information technologies, standardization will be an increasingly common element of the strategic mix.
Some Remarks on the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior

This paper discusses similarities between the mathematization of operant behavior and the early history of the most mathematical of sciences—physics. Galileo explored the properties of motion without dealing with the causes of motion, focusing on changes in motion. Newton’s dynamics were concerned with the action of forces as causes of change. Skinner’s rationale for using rate to describe behavior derived from an interest in changes in rate. Reinforcement has played the role of force in the dynamics of behavior. Behavioral momentum and maximization have received mathematical formulations in behavior analysis. Yet to be worked out are the relations between molar and molecular formulations of behavioral theory.
Audio Signal Processing Based on Sinusoidal Analysis/Synthesis

Based on a sinusoidal model, an analysis/synthesis technique is developed that characterizes audio signals, such as speech and music, in terms of the amplitudes, frequencies, and phases of the component sine waves. These parameters are estimated by applying a peak-picking algorithm to the short-time Fourier transform of the input waveform. Rapid changes in the highly resolved spectral components are tracked by using a frequency-matching algorithm and the concept of“birth”and“death”of the underlying sine waves. For a given frequency track, a cubic phase function is applied to the sine-wave generator, whose output is amplitude-modulated and added to sines for other frequency tracks. The resulting synthesized signal preserves the general wave form shape and is nearly perceptually indistinguishable from the original, thus providing the basis for a variety of applications including signal modification, sound splicing, morphing and extrapolation, and estimation of sound characteristics such as vibrato. Although this sine-wave analysis/synthesis is applicable to arbitrary signals, tailoring the system to a specific sound class can improve performance. A source/filter phase model is introduced within the sine-wave representation to improve signal modification, as in time-scale and pitch change and dynamic range compression, by attaining phase coherence where sinewave phase relations are preserved or controlled. A similar method of achieving phase coherence is also applied in revisiting the classical phase vocoder to improve modification of certain signal classes. A second refinement of the sine-wave analysis/synthesis invokes an additive deterministic/stochastic representation of sounds consisting of simultaneous harmonic and aharmonic contributions. A method of frequency tracking is given for the separation of these components, and is used in a number of applications. The sine-wave model is also extended to two additively combined signals for the separation of simultaneous talkers or music duets. Finally, the use of sine-wave analysis/synthesis in providing insight for FM synthesis is described, and remaining challenges, such as an improved sine-wave representation of rapid attacks and other transient events, are presented.
INHIBITED DEACTIVATION OF Pt SITES AND SELECTIVE DEHYDROCYCLIZATION OF N-HEPTANE WITHIN L-ZEOLITE CHANNELS

ABSTRACT Selective dehydrocyclization and terminal hydrogenolysis are intrinsic catalytic properties of clean Pt ensembles. On mesoporous materials, carbon deposits poison these ensembles rapidly during catalysis. Zeolite channels inhibit deactivation processes and preserve this unique selectivity of Pt ensembles at reaction conditions that favor dehydrocyclization thermodynamics. Dehydrocyclization turnover rate and terminal hydrogenolysis selectivity are similar on Pt/K-L and fresh Pt/Si0 2 , but decrease rapidly as the Si0 2 -supported catalysts deactivate. Catalytic ring closure is a structure-sensitive reaction on Group VIII metals; it occurs selectively only on Pt and requires large unblocked ensembles. On other metals (Rh and Ir) and on deactivated Pt, dehydrocyclization occurs predominantly via slower pathways with less stringent ensemble requirements, possibly involving surface dehydrogenation and thermal cyclization steps.
Anatomic Parameters for Instrumentation of the Sacrum and Pelvis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Introduction Multiple cadaver and radiographic analyses have been performed to define the surgical anatomy of the sacrum and pelvis. We provide a comprehensive review of this information, creating an accurate anatomic guide for practice and research. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify publications citing sacral or iliac morphometric parameters based on cadaver or radiographic anatomy. Results A total of 780 abstracts were evaluated. Fifty-six articles were included for final review and grouped into four sections: (1) bone density, (2) bony corridors, (3) screw length and trajectory, and (4) neurovascular and alimentary anatomy. Conclusion A systematic analysis of the radiographic and gross anatomic features of the sacrum has yet to be published. This review includes details on the spatial arrangement of the S1 and S2 pedicle screws, sacroiliac screws, iliac screws, S2 alar iliac screws, and pelvic neurovascular anatomy. The study can be referenced by clinicians for sacral dissection, implant application, and ongoing advances in orthopaedic research. Study Design Systematic review. Level of Evidence Level IV.
Towards the Mechanism of Yeast Telomere Dynamics.

A mechanistic understanding of the yeast telomere requires an integrated understanding of telomere chromatin structure (telosomes), telomeric origins of replications, telomere length homeostasis, and telosome epigenetics. Recent molecular and genetic studies of the yeast telosomal components Rap1, Rif1, and Rif2, the Mre11 complex, and Tel1ATM promise to increase our insight into the coordination between these processes. Here, an intricate relationship is proposed between these multiple components that has resulted in increased appreciation of the multiple levels of telomere length control and their differentiation from double-strand repair. The mre11A470 motif (A470–A482) alleles have also opened new avenues to the exploration of telosome structure and function.
Physiological competitiveness of common and glossy buckthorn compared with native woody shrubs in forest edge and understory habitats

Abstract Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.; or, Rhamnus frangula L.) are non-native, invasive plant species invading U.S. Midwest natural areas. Both are ubiquitous on the Calvin College campus in Southwest Michigan where they compete with native plants for light, water, and nutrients exceptionally well. We hypothesize that common buckthorn will assimilate carbon faster and use water more efficiently than glossy buckthorn and native co-habiting shrubs in relatively dry and bright edge and meadow habitats whereas glossy buckthorn will thrive in moist and thin forest canopies. These are habitats in which each buckthorn species is abundant and colonizes rapidly. The objective of this project was to compare light use efficiency (LUE), water use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll content and stomatal characteristics of both buckthorn species with two locally common co-habiting native species, hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) and gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa Lam.), acclimated to forest edge and understory environments on the Calvin campus in 2016 and 2017. Between 380 and 480 light use efficiency curves were measured with a LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System using common and glossy buckthorn, hawthorn and gray dogwood leaves during two growing seasons from plants acclimated to edge and understory habitats. Common buckthorn assimilated carbon faster than glossy buckthorn when leaves were exposed to moderate or high light intensities. Water use efficiency was advantageous to glossy buckthorn at low to moderate light intensities, potentially enabled by the high density of stomates on lower leaf surfaces. Shade-acclimated common buckthorn displayed only minor decreases in photosynthesis rate relative to leaves in sun-acclimated plants after exposure to a wide range of light intensities possibly because of its higher leaf chlorophyll content. Sun-acclimated hawthorn grew faster than both buckthorn species when exposed to higher light intensities and produced comparable growth rates to buckthorn species in the shaded understory. Gray dogwood produced the slowest growth rate of the four species in all environments. Restoration of buckthorn infested areas is problematic in both sunny edge and shaded understory habitats and will require continuous mitigation of common and glossy buckthorn along with the concomitant establishment of more competitive native species like hawthorn.
On vortex intensification due to stretching out of weak satellites

The interaction of two essentially unequal vortices is studied for the two-dimensional inviscid model. The curved stretching out of a weak satellite, localized at the periphery of the main vortex, is described analytically in the passive scalar approximation. The rate of energy transfer from the satellite to the main vortex is shown to increase with the curvature of the satellite orbit characterized by the ratio of the satellite size to its distance from the main vortex center. Such a mechanism of the energy cascade is distinct from previously considered symmetric deformations by external flows with a uniform strain rate when the energy is preserved for localized vortices with zero circulation in an unbounded domain. Therefore, asymmetric stretching out of satellites along curved orbits with the finite circumference is crucial for the vortex intensification and can serve as an important ingredient of inverse energy cascade in the two-dimensional turbulence.The interaction of two essentially unequal vortices is studied for the two-dimensional inviscid model. The curved stretching out of a weak satellite, localized at the periphery of the main vortex, is described analytically in the passive scalar approximation. The rate of energy transfer from the satellite to the main vortex is shown to increase with the curvature of the satellite orbit characterized by the ratio of the satellite size to its distance from the main vortex center. Such a mechanism of the energy cascade is distinct from previously considered symmetric deformations by external flows with a uniform strain rate when the energy is preserved for localized vortices with zero circulation in an unbounded domain. Therefore, asymmetric stretching out of satellites along curved orbits with the finite circumference is crucial for the vortex intensification and can serve as an important ingredient of inverse energy cascade in the two-dimensional turbulence.
Triflic anhydride mediated synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinazolines: a three-component one-pot tandem procedure

A one-pot three-component tandem reaction involving a key Pictet–Spengler-like annulation step has been developed, providing an efficient method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinazolines in moderate to good yields from amides, aldehydes, and amines. The multicomponent triflic anhydride mediated reaction tolerates the installation of numerous functional groups, affording extensive diversity about the heterocyclic scaffold.
The Storied Book

In his Afterword, Garrett Stewart comments on the world-making powers that the printed book and the contemporary novel’s bibliocentric experiments with narrative form possess in our present cultural moment. As a long-standing scholar of the intersections of literary and visual culture, he points out that the currently renewed interest in the book is not restricted to the literary field but also manifests itself in refigurations of the codex in painting, sculpture, and conceptual art. It is a transcultural phenomenon that attests to the cultural agency and affective force that the printed book unfolds in the context of digital culture.
“I Will Be Less Judgmental, More Kind, More Aware, and Resilient!”: Early Childhood Professionals’ Learnings from an Online Mindfulness Module

Mindfulness can be incorporated into the early care and education setting as a mechanism to change a person’s relationship with stressors and increase early childhood professionals’ (ECPs) abilities to be present, aware, and more joyful with the children in their care. Mindfulness may serve as an important coping resource that can promote psychological resilience for ECPs. The current evaluation examined reactions and perceived benefits from ECPs who participated in an online mindfulness and compassion focused professional development module. Written substantive responses were analyzed using a two-phase analytic coding process to identify themes and relationships among themes. Results indicated that the majority of respondents found learning about mindfulness was valuable, informative, and transformative. Respondents reflected how they learned information to practice mindfulness as an ECP, identified the benefits of practicing mindfulness, and had a better understanding of mindfulness. It is our hope that this research will spark an interest within our field to consider professional development on the topic of mindfulness and compassion within early childhood and education settings.
Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

The continued significant societal challenge of both civilian and military traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes the development of preventive strategies ranging from primary to secondary to tertiary pressing. The invisible and visible loss of societal productivity further underscores this urgency. The clinical complexity of traumatic brain has resulted in controversy, especially in the appreciation of concussion and its sequelae with the need to clearly define terms such as mild TBI and the persistent post-concussive syndrome or symptom complex. The following overview highlights some of the key areas of the required interdisciplinary approach to TBI.
Sources of Tropical Subseasonal Skill in the CFSv2

AbstractThis study applies Fourier filtering to a combination of rainfall estimates from TRMM and forecasts from the CFSv2. The combined data are filtered for low-frequency (LF, ≥120 days) variabil...
Nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways do not contribute to sex differences in renal injury and function in Dahl SS/Jr rats

The burden of hypertension in the United States is increasing and yields significant morbidity and mortality, and sex differences in hypertension are widely recognized. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury, and but their contributions to sex differences in injury progression of are undefined. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that male hypertensive rats have accelerated renal injury compared to females and to determine the contributions of the nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in these differences. Male and female Dahl SS/Jr rats, a model that spontaneously develops hypertension with age, were allowed to age on a 0.3% NaCl diet until 3 or 6 months of age, at which points blood pressure was measured and plasma, tissue, and urine were collected. While no significant sex differences in blood pressure were present at either time point, renal injury measured by urine protein excretion was more severe (male = 44.9 ± 6; female = 15±3 mg/day/100 g bw, p = .0001), and renal function was reduced (male = 0.48 ± 0.02; female = 0.7 ± 0.03 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p = .001) in males compared to females with age. Both male and female rats exhibited reduced nitric oxide metabolites (3 months: male = 0.65 ± 0.1; female = 0.74 ± 0.3; 6 months: male = 0.16 ± 0.1; female = 0.41 ± 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p, age = 0.02, p, sex = 0.3). Levels of urinary TBARS were similar (3 months: male = 20±1.5; female = 23±1.8; 6 months: male = 26±4.8; female = 23±4.7µM day g-1 kw, p, age = 0.4, p, sex = 0.9), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) mRNA was greater in females (3 months: male = 0.35 ± 0.03; female = 1.4 ± 0.2; 6 months: male = 0.4 ± 0.05; female = 1.3 ± 0.1 normalized counts, p, age = 0.7, p, sex < 0.0001), but EC SOD protein expression was not different (3 months: male = 0.01 ± 0.002; female = 0.01 ± 0.002; 6 months: male = 0.02 ± 0.004; female = 0.01 ± 0.002 relative density, p, age = 0.2, p, sex = 0.8). These data support the presence of significant sex differences in renal injury and function in the Dahl S rat and identify a need for further study into the mechanisms involved.
The Economics of International Technology Transfer

Economists share with all other rigorous analysts the need to simplify, to isolate variables, to narrow perspective in order to improve rigor in their analytical work and to make problems amenable to quantitative study. Of course, having established conceptual clarity, they then face the difficulty of relating their analytical concepts to the real world and of trying to determine the extent to which their analysis, in fact, fits the real world.
Canaries at the Climbing Wall: A Comparative Study of Particulate Matter at Two University Climbing Walls:

Magnesium alba—chalk—is regularly applied by indoor and outdoor climbers to their hands to reduce sweat while climbing in order to grip climbing holds. We investigated the potential for suspended c...
Optimal operation of a system of charging hubs and a fleet of shared autonomous electric vehicles

Abstract Shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) are expected to serve a significant fraction of the passenger transportation needs in cities and surrounding urban areas. In this paper, we consider optimal operation of a cyber-physical system (CPS) comprising a large fleet of SAEVs and a set of charging hubs located across the transportation network and supported by the power grid. The hubs are considered to have a number of charging stations, a stand-alone battery bank for energy storage, and limited rooftop photo-voltaic (PV) generation capacity. We developed a robust mixed integer linear programming model. It considers a number of practical features of both the power and transportation systems, including day-ahead load commitment for electricity via an alternative current power flow model, real time price spikes of electricity, energy arbitrage, uncertainty in passenger demand, and balking of passengers while waiting for a ride. We demonstrated our methodology by implementing it on a sample CPS with 500 SAEVs and five hubs with fifty charging stations in each. Our methodology yields operational decisions for day ahead commitment of power and real time control of the SAEVs and the hubs. The sample CPS is used to examine impact of hub capacity and fleet size on various system performance measures. We discuss the computational challenges of our methodology and propose a simplified myopic approach that is capable of dealing with much larger fleet sizes and a variety of hub capacities. Reduction in computation time and the optimality gap for the myopic approach are examined.
Dirty Work and Emotional Labor in Public Service: Why Government Employers Should Adopt an Ethic of Care:

This article combines theories on emotional labor in public service and dirty work to argue that organizations should adopt an ethic of care to support their workers. The economics of public servic...
Methotrexate works remotely, from the gut.

In this COVID era, when many struggle to work remotely, methotrexate (MTX) has been doing so all along. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Nayak et al. discover that MTX reduces immune activation due to off-target effects on the gut microbiota, potentially explaining MTX's anti-inflammatory effects.
Unbiased identification of clinical characteristics predictive of COVID-19 severity.

There is currently limited clinical ability to identify COVID-19 patients at risk for severe outcomes. To unbiasedly identify metrics associated with severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients, we conducted a retrospective study of 835 COVID-19 positive patients at a single academic medical center between March 10, 2020 and October 13, 2020. As of December 1, 2020, 656 (79%) patients required hospitalization and 149 (18%) died. Unbiased comparisons of all clinical characteristics and mortality revealed that abnormal pH (OR 8.54, 95% CI 5.34–13.6), abnormal creatinine (OR 6.94, 95% CI 4.22–11.4), and abnormal PTT (OR 4.78, 95% CI 3.11–7.33) were most significantly associated with mortality. Correlation with ordinal severity scores confirmed these associations, in addition to associations between respiratory rate (Spearman’s rho = −0.56), absolute neutrophil count (Spearman’s rho = −0.5), and C-reactive protein (Spearman’s rho = 0.59) with disease severity. Unsupervised principal component analysis and machine learning model classification of patient demographics, laboratory results, medications, comorbidities, signs and symptoms, and vitals are capable of separating patients on the basis of COVID-19 mortality (AUC 0.82). This retrospective analysis identifies laboratory and clinical metrics most relevant to predict COVID-19 severity.