cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral and thermal properties of perchlorate salts and implications for Mars.

K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ perchlorate salts were studied to provide spectral and thermal data for detecting and characterizing their possible presence on Mars. Spectral and thermal analyses are coordinated with structural analyses to understand how different cations and different hydration levels affect the mineral system. Near-infrared (NIR) spectral features for perchlorates are dominated by H2O bands that occur at 0.978–1.01, 1.17–1.19, 1.42–1.48, 1.93–1.99, and 2.40–2.45 μm. Mid-IR spectral features are observed for vibrations of the tetrahedral ClO4− ion and occur as reflectance peaks at 1105–1130 cm−1 (~8.6–9 μm), 760–825 cm−1 (~12–13 μm), 630 cm−1 (~15.9 μm), 460–495 (~20–22 μm), and 130–215 (~50–75 μm). The spectral bands in both regions are sensitive to the type of cation present because the polarizing power is related to the band center for many of the spectral features. Band assignments were confirmed for many of the spectral features due to opposing trends in vibrational energies for the ClO4− and H2O groups connected to different octahedral cations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data show variable patterns of water loss and thermal decomposition temperatures for perchlorates with different cations, consistent with changes in spectral features measured under varying hydration conditions. Results of the DSC analyses indicate that the bond energies of H2O in perchlorates are different for each cation and hydration state. Structural parameters are available for Mg perchlorates (Robertson and Bish 2010) and the changes in structure due to hydration state are consistent with DSC parameters and spectral features. Analyses of changes in the Mg perchlorate structures with H2O content inform our understanding of the effects of hydration on other perchlorates, for which the specific structures are less well defined. Spectra of the hydrated Fe2+ and Fe3+ perchlorates changed significantly upon heating to 100 °C or measurement under low-moisture conditions indicating that they are less stable than other perchlorates under dehydrated conditions. The perchlorate abundances observed by Phoenix and MSL are likely too low to be identified from orbit by CRISM, but may be sufficient to be identifiable by a VNIR imager on a future rover.
The Effects of Transfemoral Catheterization on Blood Flow in the Extremities

The peripheral hemodynamics of 20 patients were studied 24 hours before and 24 hours following completion of Seldinger transfemoral cardiac catheterization. All patients were catheterized in the right femoral artery and vein, while in 13 an arterial needle was placed in the left femoral artery. In the catheterized leg, mean calf blood flow and venous capacitance fell while mean calf vascular resistance was increased. The placement of an indwelling arterial needle caused mean calf blood flow to fall with an increase in calf vascular resistance. Venous capacitance was unchanged. The above changes while present 24 hours after catheterization had returned to normal one week later. While no symptoms or signs of limb ischemia occurred, oscillometry showed deterioration in the lower limb pulsation amplitudes in 13 of the 20 patients. No significant changes in peripheral hemodynamics were seen in the limbs, the arteries of which had not been catheterized. Thus, although all patients were symptomless and free of s...
A systematic methodology to improve yield per area of highly-parallel CMPs

Manufacturing yield of chip multi-processors (CMPs) has become a significant problem as more transistors are integrated onto a single die, and the defect rate keeps increasing for "end-of-Moore" nano-scale CMOS technologies. Since such CMP designs usually have significant structural symmetry, adding spares to these should be an effective method for increasing yield per area, as is the case for memories. However, a systematic approach to add spares to optimize CMP yield per area has never been developed, primarily due to the lack of (i) a general model of CMP architectures, and (ii) a practically-useable model for computing areas of chip versions with different numbers of spares. This paper develops such models and, in conjunction with a systematic approach for enumerating a wide range of spare configurations, uses these to compute area overhead and yield for each configuration. In particular, this paper proposes a k-way spare sharing technique to obtain optimal spare configurations which maximize yield per area of any CMP by efficiently traversing the design space for adding spares. Experimental results show significant yield per area improvements over the previous approaches and show that these benefits will continue to grow with increase in the levels of parallelism in CMPs as well as with continued technology scaling
Autism Symptomatology in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Developmental Trajectories Comparison with Nonsyndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder

Although males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) are frequently described as demonstrating autism symptomatology, there is much debate regarding whether the behavioral symptoms representing the core domains of autism are the result of the same or different underlying neurological/psychological mechanisms. The present study used a cross-sectional developmental trajectories approach to compare the profiles of autism symptomatology relative to chronological age (CA), nonverbal IQ, and expressive vocabulary ability between individuals with FXS and individuals with nonsyndromic ASD. Results suggest that the onset of autism symptoms and their developmental trajectories in males with FXS differ in important ways as a function of CA, nonverbal cognitive ability, and expressive vocabulary relative to males with nonsyndromic ASD. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Mass spectrometry of aryl substituted di- and trisiloxanes

The mass spectra of arylpentamethyldisiloxanes, sym-diaryltetramethyldisiloxanes and 1,5-diaryl-1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyltrisiloxanes were examined. Isotopic labeling and peak matching were used to substantiate the proposed fragmentation mechanisms. Siliconium ions dominate the spectra. Loss of neutral fragments from the [M-15]+ ions is important. Phenylpentamethyldisiloxane, sym-tetramethyldiphenyldisiloxane and 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-1,5-diphenyltrisiloxane are representative examples of the three classes of compounds discussed. The [M-15]+ ion of phenylpentamethyldisiloxane loses methane, dimethylsilanone [(CH3)2SiO] and phenylmethylsilanone [PhCH3SiO] to yield daughter siliconium ions. The [M-15]+ ion of sym-tetramethyldiphenyldisiloxane loses benzene, methane, dimethylsilanone and phenylmethylsilanone to yield daughter siliconium ions. The [M-15]+ ion of 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-1,5-diphenyltrisiloxane loses benzene, tetramethylcyclodisiloxane and phenyltrimethylcyclodisiloxane to yield daughter siliconium ions. Finally, doubly charged ions are important in the mass spectra of the three series of aryl substituted di- and trisiloxanes discussed.
Changing Complex Teaching Skills

Abstract The study reported had as its objective assessing change in complex teaching skills under controlled training conditions. The trainee participants were 20 post‐baccalaureate, experienced teachers. Two sets of skills were addressed: (1) extending and lifting as a questioning strategy and (2) organizing an explanation for structural clarity. Conceptually‐based training resulted in significant changes in both sets of skills. The significance of the findings is delineated for both teaching effectiveness and teacher training research. The general research strategy suggests that training in the same skills be assessed next under the less controlled conditions of the classroom.
Visual sociology, documentary photography, and photojournalism: It's (almost) all a matter of context

Visual sociology, documentary photography, and photojournalism are social constructions whose meaning arises in the contexts, organizational and historical, of different worlds of photographic work. Rereading photographs made in one genre as though they had been made in another illustrates this contextuality of meaning.
Satellite Remote Sensing By A Combination Of Angle And Frequency Scanning

There are two basic approaches to obtaining satellite radiance measurements used in retrieving vertical atmospheric temperature and constituent profiles: (1) to make the measurements in a number of different spectral intervals (frequency scanning) or (2) to make the measurements at a number of different zenith angles (angle scanning). This paper describes a study of the effect of combining these two approaches into a single sounding system, which is accomplished by viewing a fixed target at several frequencies and at several zenith angles as the satellite moves along its orbital track. If there are M spectral intervals and N angular views, a total of MxN essentially independent measurements are possible. Instrumental and geometric details,and results of a numerical simulation study of this dual scanning approach are presented, along with a discussion on how one can scan across the orbital track at the same time to obtain two-dimensional horizontal coverage.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORTHOGRAPHIC LINGUISTIC AWARENESS IN KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF THIS AWARENESS TO LATER READING ACHIEVEMENT

ABSTRACT To examine the developmental course of children's understanding of print concepts, orthographic linguistic awareness, the Concepts About Print (CAP) test was given to 29 boys and 27 girls three times during their kindergarten year and on two occasions during their first‐grade year. That approximately 20% of these children did not understand print‐direction and letter‐word concepts at the beginning of the first grade confirmed previous findings that many children entering formal reading instruction may have little knowledge of the reading instruction register. Orthographic linguistic awareness, measured even at the beginning of kindergarten, was found to be highly correlated with reading achievement measured at the end of the first grade, and these relationships between orthographic linguistic awareness and reading achievement were consistently higher for the girls than for the boys. Path analyses including the Record of Oral Language, Metropolitan Readiness Test and Iowa Test of Basic Skills reve...
Ciliary Trafficking: CEP290 Guards a Gated Community

A recent study reveals that the large coiled-coil protein CEP290 is an integral component of the transition zone between the cell body and the cilium and functions as a gatekeeper to regulate trafficking of ciliary proteins.
Spectral selective mid-infrared detector on a silicon platform

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of spectral selective mid-infrared PbTe photodetector pixels monolithically integrated on a silicon platform. We demonstrate spectral selectivity with a peak responsivity of 65.4V/W.
Improving reliable transport and handoff performance in cellular wireless networks

TCP is a reliable transport protocol tuned to perform well in traditional networks where congestion is the primary cause of packet loss. However, networks with wireless links and mobile hosts incur significant losses due to bit-errors and hand-offs. This environment violates many of the assumptions made by TCP, causing degraded end-to-end performance. In this paper, we describe the additions and modifications to the standard Internet protocol stack (TCP/IP) to improve end-to-end reliable transport performance in mobile environments. The protocol changes are made to network-layer software at the base station and mobile host, and preserve the end-to-end semantics of TCP. One part of the modifications, called the snoop module, caches packets at the base station and performs local retransmissions across the wireless link to alleviate the problems caused by high bit-error rates. The second part is a routing protocol that enables low-latency handoff to occur with negligible data loss. We have implemented this new protocol stack on a wireless testbed. Our experiments show that this system is significantly more robust at dealing with unreliable wireless links than normal TCP; we have achieved throughput speedups of up to 20 times over regular TCP and handoff latencies over 10 times shorter than other mobile routing protocols.
Obesity and long term functional outcomes following elective total hip replacement

Introduction Obesity rates continue to rise and more total hip arthroplasty procedures are being performed in progressively younger, obese patients. Hence, maintenance of long term physical function will become very important for quality of life, functional independence and hip prosthesis survival. Presently, there are no reviews of the long term efficacy of total hip arthroplasty on physical function. This review: 1) synopsized available data regarding obesity effects on long term functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty, and 2) suggested future directions for research.
Fitness Consequences of Maternal Effects in Streblospio benedicti (Annelida: Polychaeta)

SYNOPSIS. The degree to which a female partitions resources between fecundity and per offspring investment is a central question in life-history theory. Maternal effects may influence the nature of this tradeoff through their effect on per offspring investment and subsequent offspring fitness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of female age and size on brood size (number of offspring), per offspring investment, and fitness in the polychaete Streblospio benedicti . Early stage embryos were collected from brooding females of known age and size over a period of 100 days; these embryos were counted and analyzed for their C and N content. Female size had a positive effect on brood size; larger females produced larger broods. However, brood size decreased with female age (females did not increase in size after reaching sexual maturity). Brood size declined 20–46% between 60 and 160 days of age. During this same age period per offspring investment, measured in terms of C and N, increased by 25%. Offspring survivorship and size at two weeks post-release from the female were used as measures of offspring fitness. Offspring survivorship increased 28% between 60 and 160 days of age. Increased growth in offspring from older females resulted in a 23% increase in offspring size at two weeks. Including the maternal age effect in two population models for S. benedicti increased population growth rate (λ). Population growth was increased to a greater degree when the maternal effect was modeled by enhancing offspring survival compared to when fecundity was increased by the same proportional amount. This suggests that the maternal effect may be adaptive, particularly when conditions for offspring survival and growth are poor.
Optimal stiffener design for interior sound reduction using a topology optimization based approach

A topology optimization based approach is proposed to study the optimal configuration of stiffeners for the interior sound reduction. Since our design target is aimed at reducing the low frequency noise, a coupled acoustic-structural conservative system without damping effect is considered. Modal analysis method is used to evaluate the interior sound level for this coupled system. To formulate the topology optimization problem, a recently introduced Microstructure-based Design Domain Method (MDDM) is employed. Using the MDDM, the optimal stiffener configurations problem is treated as a material distribution problem and sensitivity analysis of the coupled system is derived analytically. The norm of acoustic excitation is used as the indicator of the interior sound level. The optimal stiffener design is obtained by solving this topology optimization problem using a sequential convex approximation method. Examples of acoustic box under single frequency excitation and a band of low frequency excitations are presented and discussed. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1569512#
Automatic mapping and load balancing of pointer-based dynamic data structures on distributed memory machines

Describes an algorithm for automatically mapping and load balancing unstructured, dynamic data structures on distributed memory machines. The algorithm is intended to be embedded in a compiler for a parallel language (DYNO) for programming unstructured numerical computations. The result is that the mapping and load balancing are transparent to the programmer. The algorithm iterates over two basic steps: (1) It identifies groups of nodes ('pieces') that disproportionately contribute to the number of off-processor edges of the data structure and moves them to processors to which they are better connected. (2) It balances the loads by identifying groups of nodes ('flows') that can moved to adjacent processors without creating new pieces. The initial results are promising, giving good load balancing and a reasonably low number of inter-processor edges. >
Formation of 1-D Nanostructures Using Atomic Force Microscope

In this paper, we develop a new process using an atomic force microscope (AFM) to fabricate micro- and nanostructures. An AFM probe was coated with gold, and then, slid on a silicon substrate in ambient environment. Repetitive sliding of the probe generated a nanostructure on the substrate instead of plowing. The Au material was found to transfer from the probe onto the Si substrate. Morphological, electrical, and chemical properties were characterized using high-resolution techniques. It was found that the nanostructure was composed of an Au-Si alloy, which behaved like a conductor. The mechanisms of the process and effects of electrical potential are discussed in this paper.
Temporal Appearance of Antisperm Antibodies during Sexual Maturation of Rats after Obstruction of the Vas Deferens

: The appearance of serum antisperm antibodies was studied during the maturation of rats in which the vas deferens was obstructed prepubertally. Vasa deferentia were ligated and divided bilaterally in 10-day- old Lewis rats, while control animals received a sham operation at the same age. At ages between 14 and 128 days, blood samples were assayed for antisperm antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were no differences between obstructed and sham-operated groups in mean antisperm antibodies from 14 through 56 days. However, in 91- and 128-day- old rats mean antisperm antibody levels were much higher in obstructed than in control animals. This rise in antisperm antibodies occurred several weeks after the development of spermatids in the testes between 23 and 46 days. The presence of elevated antisperm antibodies in obstructed animals followed temporally the appearance of sperm throughout the lumen of the entire epididymis and the formation of spermatic granulomas. The results in this model suggest that consideration be given to repair of injured or obstructed vas deferens prior to puberty to forestall development of antisperm antibodies, as well as the formation of spermatic granulomas.
Computer generation of photocomposing control tapes part II the PC6 system

An account is given of the usage of a new system of programs that enable the IBM 709/90 computer to generate control tapes for the Photon S560 Unit. The input to the system may be Flexowriter material with interspersed control codes, or material that is provided on cards or tapes, or generated internally in certain other forms.
Agents with Periodontal Regenerative Potential Regulate Cell-mediated Collagen Lattice Contraction in vitro

School ofDentistry, University ofMichigan, AnnArbor, Michigan 48109-1078; 2The Procter Gand3Department ofPharmacology, School ofMedicine, University ofMichigan, AnnArbor, Michigan 48109; *to whomcorrespondence should beaddressed Abstract. A variety ofpharmaceutical agents hasbeen proposed foruseinperiodontal therapy toinhibit lossof alveolar boneandtopromote regeneration oftissues lost to disease. Thepurpose ofthisstudywastodetermine the effects ofsuchagents onperiodontal cell-mediated gel contraction, aninvitro process considered representative of woundcontraction andremodeling invivo. Humangingival fibroblasts werecultured inatypeIcollagen lattice, and contraction wasquantified bymeansofacomputer-assisted video imaging system. Cell-gel combinations wereprepared withcells bothpre-exposed andnon-exposed toagents; non-anchored cell-gels werethenincubated withagents for various timeperiods. Agents tested included Demecolcine (aninhibitor ofcytoskeletal contraction), growth factors (i.e., TGF-,1, PDGF,andIGF-1), andnon-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) (indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen, andflurbiprofen). WhileDemecolcine inhibited gelcontraction, TGF-31 (1-20 ng/mL), PDGF(100 ng/mL), IGF-1(1000 ng/mL), and(PDGF+IGF), allofwhichhave beenreported toenhance woundhealing invivo, promoted lattice contraction inthissystem. Incontrast, NSAIDs inhibited cell-gel contraction. Ethanol, usedtosolubilize twospecific NSAIDs,alsoinhibited cell proliferation and gelcontractile ability, evenatverylowconcentrations. Thesefindings indicate thatperiodontal cells respond differently tovarious agents invitro andmaybeadversely affected byalcohol. Furthermore, theresults ofthis study suggest thatthecell-lattice contraction systemholds potential asamethodforscreening agents forpositive or negative effects oncell activity.
Simultaneously immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase in controlled‐pore titania

The immobilization of glucose oxidase and catalase by adsorption within the pores of controlled-pore titania has yielded a remarkably stable enzyme system. Catalase apparently acts as both a stabilizer and an activator for glucose oxidase within the pores of this material. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations and flow rates have a marked effect upon the apparent activity of the immobilized enzyme system. The carrier parameters were varied to obtain optimum loading and stability information.
Global flexibility of tertiary structure in RNA: yeast tRNAPhe as a model system.

The study of RNA structure using x-ray crystallography or NMR has yielded a wealth of detailed structural information; however, such approaches do not generally yield quantitative information regarding long-range flexibility in solution. To address this issue, we describe a solution-based method that is capable of characterizing the global flexibilities of nonhelix elements in RNA, provided that such elements are flanked by helix (e.g., bulges, internal loops, or branches). The “phased τ ratio” method is based on the principle that, for RNA molecules possessing two variably phased bends, the relative birefringence decay times depend on the flexibility of each bend, not simply the mean bend angles. The method is used to examine the overall flexibility of the yeast tRNAPhe core (as unmodified transcript). In the presence of magnesium ions, the tRNA core is not significantly more flexible than an equivalent length of RNA helix. In the absence of divalent ions, the tRNA core gains flexibility under conditions where its secondary structure is likely to be largely preserved. The phased τ ratio approach should be broadly applicable to nonhelix elements in both RNA and DNA and to protein–nucleic acid interactions.
The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves?

Abstract A cumulonimbus cloud may ascend and spawn its anvil cloud, precipitation, and downdrafts within an hour or so. This paper inquires why a similar progression of events (life cycle) is observed for tropical weather fluctuations with time scales of hours, days, and even weeks. Regressions using point data illustrate the characteristic unit of rain production: the mesoscale convective system (MCS), covering tens of kilometers and lasting several hours, with embedded convective rain cells. Meanwhile, averages over larger spatial areas indicate a self-similar progression from shallow to deep convection to stratiform anvils on many time scales. Synthetic data exercises indicate that simple superpositions of fixed-structure MCS life cycles (the Building Block hypothesis) cannot explain why longer period life cycles are similar. Rather, it appears that an MCS may be a small analogue or prototype of larger scale waves. Multiscale structure is hypothesized to occur via a Stretched Building Block conceptual model, in which the widths (durations) of zones of shallow, deep, and stratiform anvil clouds in MCSs are modulated by larger scale waves. Temperature (T) and humidity (q) data are examined and fed into an entraining plume model, in an attempt to elucidate their relative roles in these large-scale convection zone variations. T profile variations, with wavelengths shorter than troposphere depth, appear important for high-frequency ( ∼ 2–5-day period) convectively coupled waves, as density directly links convection (via buoyancy) and large-scale wave dynamics (via restoring force). Still, the associated q anomalies are several times greater than adiabatic, suggesting a strong amplification by shallow convective feedbacks. For lower frequency (intraseasonal) variability, q anomalies are considerably larger compared to T, and may be dominant.
Distinctive dendritic cell subsets expressing factor XIIIa, CD1a, CD1b and CD1c in mycosis fungoides and psoriasis.

The papillary dermis of psoriasis and mycosis fungoides (MF) lesions is characterized by prominent collections of cells with dendritic morphology. Immunophenotypically distinct populations of cutaneous dendritic cells have been identified as CD1a+, FXIIIa-Langerhans cells (LC) and CD1a-, FXIIIa+ dermal dendritic cells (DDC). In this study, antibodies against the human GDI cluster of antigens (i.e. CD1a, CD1b and CD1c) and the DDC) marker (FXIIIa) were used to further characterize the subsets of dendritic cells in normal skin as compared to neonatal foreskin, psoriasis and MF by both immunoperoxidase and double immunofluorescence techniques. Normal skin and foreskin epidermis and dermis contained few CD1b+ or CD1c+ cells along with normal numbers of CD1a+ LC and FXIIIa+ DDC. Both MF and psoriasis were characterized by CD1a+ cells in the epidermis and dermis. FXIIIa+ cells were greatly expanded in the upper dermis of MF lesions and to a lesser degree in psoriasis as has been previously described by our group. MF contained significantly increased epidermal and dermal CD1b+ (15.7/5 high power fields [HPF] and 59.7/5 HPF respectively) and CD1c+ dendritic cells (33.8/5 HPF and 95.9/5 HPF respectively), while in psoriasis these cells were not statistically different from normal skin. Double immunofluorescence studies revealed that some ( psoriasis> foreskin, while FXIIIa+ DDC never co-expressed CD1a. Thus, in contrast to normal skin in which epidermal or dermal dendritic cells rarely express CD1b and CD1c antigens, these members of the CD1 family are upregulated on both LC and DDC in benign and malignant inflammatory states. Upregulation of CD1b and CD1c on MF epidermal and dermal dendritic cells, as compared to psoriasis, foreskin and normal skin, may be useful in the immunophenotypic recognition of MF, as well as in helping to understand its immunobiology.
RAPID: an end-system aware protocol for intelligent data transfer over lambda grids

Next-generation e-science applications will require the ability to transfer information at high data rates between distributed computing centers and data repositories. To support such applications, lambda grid networks have been built to provide large, on-demand bandwidth between end-points that are interconnected via optical circuit-switched lambdas. It is extremely important to develop an efficient transport protocol over such high-capacity, dedicated circuits. Because lambdas provide dedicated bandwidth between endpoints, they obviate the need for network congestion control. Consequently, past research has demonstrated that rate-based transport protocols, such as RBUDP, are more effective than TCP in transferring data over lambdas. However, while lambdas eliminate congestion in the network, they ultimately push the congestion to the endpoints - congestion that current rate-based transport protocols are ill-suited to handle. In this paper we introduce a "rate-adaptive protocol for intelligent delivery (RAPID)" of data that is lightweight and end-system performance-aware, so as to maximize end-to-end throughput while minimizing packet loss. Based on self monitoring of the dynamic task-priority at the receiving end-system, our protocol enables the receiver to proactively deliver feedback to the sender, so that the sender may adapt its sending rate to avoid congestion at the receiving end-system. This avoids large bursts of packet losses typically observed in current rate-based transport protocols. Over a 10-Gigabit link emulation of an optical circuit, RAPID reduces file-transfer time, and hence improves end-to-end throughput by as much as 25%.
Neuropsychological assessment of traumatic brain injury in the intensive care and acute care environment.

Most clinical neuropsychological evaluations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are performed at least three months after the onset of injury. Although the neuropsychologist may assess a brain-injured patient early in recovery to establish severity or localization of injury, most evaluations of head trauma patients are used to establish functional ability levels and to plan for discharge placement and a rehabilitation program (Prigatano, Fordyce, Zeiner, Roueche, Pepping, & Wood, 1984). While currently few clinicians regularly practice in the trauma center, the use of neuropsychological assessment in the acute care environment represents a potentially new setting for neuropsychologists to monitor cognitive function. Early neuropsychological evaluation can also provide a valuable clinical service for the treatment and management of TBI.
The development of choice stability in children and adolescents.

(1968). The Development of Choice Stability in Children and Adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 79-83.
EXPERIMENTS WITH FOREIGN MATERIALS IN THE REGION OF THE EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE PLATE OF GROWING BONES TO INCREASE THEIR LONGITUDINAL GROWTH

1. The foreign materials used did not produce an increased growth in length in any of the animals. Instead, a marked shortening often resulted. 2. This series of experiments does not warrant the clinical or surgical use of foreign materials in the epiphyseal cartilage plate region to promote the length-growth of bones. 3. These experiments afford an interesting study of the reaction of young, growing bone cells to various foreign materials; and give a relative idea of their toxicity, or cell reaction of bone to a wide range of materials. Some of these are mentioned in the literature. The reaction of bone to metals has been worked out by Zierold and others. One finds little mention of woods. They seem to be quite innocuous to the bone cells and apparently interfere but little, if any, with the normal growth processes. Apparently they tend to stimulate bone-shell formation about themselves. More experimental work, with a view to their possible use in bone surgery, should be done.
Transient spray cone angles in pressure-swirl injector sprays

The transient cone angle of pressure swirl sprays from injectors intended for use in gasoline direct injection engines was measured from 2D Mie scattering images. A variety of injectors with varying nominal cone angle and flow rate were investigated. The general cone angle behavior was found to correlate well qualitatively with the measured fuel line pressure and was affected by the different injector specifications. Experimentally measured modulations in cone angle and injection pressure were forced on a comprehensive spray simulation to understand the sensitivity of pulsating injector boundary conditions on general spray structure. Ignoring the nozzle fluctuations led to a computed spray shape that inadequately replicated the experimental images; hence, demonstrating the importance of quantifying the injector boundary conditions when characterizing a spray using high-fidelity simulation tools.
Robust source localization and enhancement with a probabilistic steered response power model

Source localization and enhancement are often treated separately in the array processing literature. One can apply steered response power (SRP) localization to determine the sources' Directions-Of-Arrival (DOA) followed by beamforming and Wiener post-filtering to isolate the sources from each other and ambient interference. We show that when there is significant overlap between directional sources of interest in the time-frequency (TF) plane, traditional SRP localization breaks down. This may occur, for example, when the array is located near a reflector, significant early reflections are present, or the sources are harmonized. We propose a joint solution to the localization and enhancement problems via a probabilistic interpretation of the SRP function. We formulate optimization procedures for (1) a mixture of single-source SRP distributions (MoSRP) and (2) a multi-source SRP distribution (MultSRP). Unlike in traditional localization, the latter approach explicitly models source overlap in the TF plane. Results shows that the MultSRP model is capable of localizing sources with significant overlap in the TF domain and that either of the proposed methods out-performs standard SRP localization for multiple speakers.
Lysosomal Sequestration Determines Intracellular Imatinib Levels.

The intracellular uptake and retention (IUR) of imatinib is reported to be controlled by the influx transporter SLC22A1 (organic cation transporter 1). We recently hypothesized that alternative uptake and/or retention mechanisms exist that determine intracellular imatinib levels. Here, we systematically investigate the nature of these mechanisms. Imatinib uptake in cells was quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Fluorescent microscopy was used to establish subcellular localization of imatinib. Immunoblotting, cell cycle analyses, and apoptosis assays were performed to evaluate functional consequences of imatinib sequestration. Uptake experiments revealed high intracellular imatinib concentrations in HEK293, the leukemic cell lines K562 and SD-1, and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell line GIST-T1. We demonstrated that imatinib IUR is time-, dose-, temperature-, and energy-dependent and provide evidence that SLC22A1 and other potential imatinib transporters do not substantially contribute to the IUR of imatinib. Prazosin, amantadine, NH4Cl, and the vacuolar ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 significantly decreased the IUR of imatinib and likely interfere with lysosomal retention and accumulation of imatinib. Costaining experiments with LysoTracker Red confirmed lysosomal sequestration of imatinib. Inhibition of the lysosomal sequestration had no effect on the inhibition of c-Kit signaling and imatinib-mediated cell cycle arrest but significantly increased apoptosis in imatinib-sensitive GIST-T1 cells. We conclude that intracellular imatinib levels are primarily determined by lysosomal sequestration and do not depend on SLC22A1 expression.
Gossip as Rhetorical Methodology for Queer and Feminist Historiography

Engaging with feminist rhetorical methodologies of critical imagination and interdisciplinary queer studies of gossip, this essay theorizes gossip as a methodology for feminist and queer historiography in rhetoric. Gossip as historiographic practice is then illustrated through the example of its uses to develop a queer history of rhetorical education and women’s epistolary practices.
A Cross-Domain Comparable Measurement Framework to Quantify Intrusion Detection Effectiveness

As the frequency, severity, and sophistication of cyber attacks increase, along with our dependence on reliable computing infrastructure, the role of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) gaining importance. One of the challenges in deploying an IDS stems from selecting a combination of detectors that are relevant and accurate for the environment where security is being considered.In this work, we propose a new measurement approach to address two key obstacles: the base-rate fallacy, and the unit of analysis problem. Our key contribution is to utilize the notion of a `signal', an indicator of an event that is observable to an IDS, as the measurement target, and apply the multiple instance paradigm (from machine learning) to enable cross-comparable measures regardless of the unit of analysis.To support our approach, we present a detailed case study and provide empirical examples of the effectiveness of both the model and measure by demonstrating the automated construction, optimization, and correlation of signals from different domains of observation (e.g. network based, host based, application based) and using different IDS techniques (signature based, anomaly based).
California's nurse-to-patient ratios, part 3: eight years later, what do we know about patient level outcomes?

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to describe the impact of California’s nurse-to-patient ratios on patient-level outcomes from a comprehensive literature review.BACKGROUND:While implemented in 2004, questions remain about the effects the ratios have had on patients.METHODS:A comprehensive l
Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

The subaerial eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) for the past 2500 yr can be divided into 3 dominantly effusive and 2 dominantly explosive periods, each lasting several centuries. The prevailing style of eruption for 60% of this time was explosive, manifested by repeated phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity in a deep summit caldera. During dominantly explosive periods, the magma supply rate to the shallow storage volume beneath the summit dropped to only a few percent of that during mainly effusive periods. The frequency and duration of explosive activity are contrary to the popular impression that Kīlauea is almost unceasingly effusive. Explosive activity apparently correlates with the presence of a caldera intersecting the water table. The decrease in magma supply rate may result in caldera collapse, because erupted or intruded magma is not replaced. Glasses with unusually high MgO, TiO 2 , and K 2 O compositions occur only in explosive tephra (and one related lava flow) and are consistent with disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. Kīlauea is a complex, modulated system in which melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability (in both mantle and crust), reservoir geometry, water table, and many other factors interact with one another. The hazards associated with explosive activity at Kīlauea’s summit would have major impact on local society if a future dominantly explosive period were to last several centuries. The association of lowered magma supply, caldera formation, and explosive activity might characterize other basaltic volcanoes, but has not been recognized.
Direct Deposition of Barium Sulfate from Homogeneous Solution within Porous Stone

AbstractA porous, friable stone can be effectively consolidated and rendered resistant to the action of water, oxides of sulfur, oxides of carbon, and other atmospheric constituents by treating with an aqueous solution of a barium or strontium salt of a monoester of sulfuric acid, followed by hydrolysis. The treatment with the barium or strontium salt solutions effects impregnation of the stone in depth. Controlled hydrolysis from a homogeneous solution results in precipitation and deposition of well formed, granular barium or strontium sulfate throughout all those regions the salt solution has penetrated. This deposition of insoluble sulfate effects consolidation of the stone area, and inasmuch as the sulfate is highly insoluble and chemically inert, the stone is rendered resistant to attack.
An Antique Model for Donatello's Marble David

Donatello's marble David (Figs. 1, 2, 5) has generally been considered in essence a representative work of the International Style1 and inspired by the early manner of Ghiberti, in whose workshop the young sculptor had been active.2 The David's “Gothic” posture is reminiscent, for example, of the pose of the shepherd at the far right in Ghiberti's Nativity panel and of the Magi in the scene of the Adoration from the north door of the Florentine Baptistery.3 The same stance appears in numerous stylistically related works of the first decade of the Quattrocento, the ascendant years of the International Style in Florence, such as the Isaiah by Nanni di Banco (the David's intended companion on the Cathedral tribune)4 and the curious Boston St. Christopher.5 The implication of this historical assessment of the marble David is clear: in the trajectory of Donatello's subsequent career, the “Gothic” figure would be a false, if fashionable, start; only with the St. Mark, begun three years later in 1411, would Dona...
A probability neural network-Jensen-Shannon divergence for a fingerprint based localization

For decades, humans have been keen on creating smart spaces where advanced technology is utilized to provide enhanced services. Receiving directions and/or being recognized within indoor spaces is one feature of smart spaces that is currently heavily researched. Indoor positioning systems (IPS) can be used to provide a wide range of user navigation and directions services, particularly in abnormal conditions such as needing emergency healthcare services and being in unfamiliar complex buildings where some may become disoriented or lost. IPS also can be a friendly tool for people with vision impairment to allow for better livable communities for them. Other applications for IPS fall under tracking applications which may include activity recognition for security purposes and observation for the elderly or infirmed individuals. An indoor positioning system can be a hybrid system that uses multiple technologies such as wireless LAN, vision via cameras, motion sensors, or lasers to name few. In this paper we propose a technique for IPS using WiFi. The technique is based on a probabilistic neural network (PNN) scheme in which we incorporate the Jensen-Shannon divergence method. To validate our proposed method, we compare our results with the nearest neighbor method. Results indicate that our integrated system outperforms this method in terms of nearest neighbor estimation. Our results show that this method has the ability to achieve less than 1m accuracy in an academic building.
Analysis on Common Questions in Process of Non-invasive Positive Ventilator Test

The non-invasive positive ventilator is provided a pressure support treatment for adult patients with respiratory insufficiency or obstructive sleep apnea(OSA). The accuracy of parameter that include airway pressure,vital volume,I:E ratio,rate is very importance for patients treat. But for the non-invasive positive ventilator is special in mechanical structures and Clinical applications. It must be divided in test method with invasive ventilator. This paper is discuss and analysis that need to attend in product test.
On the Definition and Existence of a Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator for Target Localization

The problem of target localization with ideal, binary detectors is considered in one-dimensional space for both the censored and noncensored scenarios. In the censored setting, the problem is equivalent to estimating the center of a uniform distribution, and does not admit a minimum-variance unbiasedestimator (MVUE). However, it is proven that if the detection range is known and the sensor deployment region is large, both censored and noncensored cases will have an MVUE within the class of functions that are invariant to Euclidean motion. In addition, it is shown that when the detection range is unknown, for the censored case one can still form an MVUE whereas in the noncensored case, an MVUE does not exist. Numerical tests support the theoretical findings of this letter.
Enhancement of Nitrite Reduction Kinetics on Electrospun Pd-Carbon Nanomaterial Catalysts for Water Purification.

We report a facile synthesis method for carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported Pd catalysts via one-pot electrospinning and their application for nitrite hydrogenation. A mixture of Pd acetylacetonate (Pd(acac)2), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and nonfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was electrospun and thermally treated to produce Pd/CNF-MWCNT catalysts. The addition of MWCNTs with a mass loading of 1.0–2.5 wt % (to PAN) significantly improved nitrite reduction activity compared to the catalyst without MWCNT addition. The results of CO chemisorption confirmed that the addition of MWCNTs increased Pd exposure on CNFs and hence improved catalytic activity.
Possibilities or Paradoxes? How Aspiring Turnaround Principals Conceptualise Turnaround and Their Place within It.

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on how a cohort of participants in a programme aimed at producing ‘turnaround leaders’ came to understand this policy and their role within it. Using a theory of action framework, I find that, over time, participants’ espoused theories of turnaround shifted in three key areas: (1) the cause of poor school performance, (2) the principal’s approach to leading change, and (3) the district’s role in turnaround. While these shifts created more complex views of organisational change, they also produced disillusionment and highlighted tensions in current conceptualisations of turnaround including their potential role in enacting it.
Efficient Mutant Generation for Mutation Testing of Pointcuts in Aspect-Oriented Programs

Fault-based testing is an approach where the designed test data is used to demonstrate the absence of a set of prespecified faults, typically being frequently occurring faults. Mutation testing is a fault-based testing technique used to inject faults into an existing program, i.e., a variation of the original program and see if the test suite is sensitive enough to detect common faults. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) provides new modularization of software systems by encapsulating crosscutting concerns. AspectJ, a language designed to support AOP uses abstractions like pointcuts, advice, and aspects to achieve AOP?s primary functionality. Developers tend to write pointcut expressions with incorrect strength, thereby selecting additional events than intended to or leaving out necessary events. This incorrect strength causes aspects, the set of crosscutting concerns, to fail. Hence there is a need to test the pointcuts for their strength. Mutation testing of pointcuts includes two steps: creating effective mutants (variations) of a pointcut expression and testing these mutants using the designed test data. The number of mutants for a pointcut expression is usually large due to the usage of wildcards. It is tedious to manually identify effective mutants that are of appropriate strength and resemble closely the original pointcut expression. Our framework automatically generates mutants for a pointcut expression and identifies mutants that resemble closely the original expression. Then the developers could use the test data for the woven classes against these mutants to perform mutation testing.