cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Varying Test Administration and Scoring Procedures on Three Tests of (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder.

BACKGROUND There is currently no widely accepted objective method used to identify (central) auditory processing disorder ([C]APD). Audiologists often rely on behavioral test methods to diagnose (C)APD, which can be highly subjective. This is problematic in light of relevant literature that has reported a lack of adequate graduate-level preparation related to (C)APD. This is further complicated when exacerbated by the use of inconsistent test procedures from those used to standardize tests of (C)APD, resulting in higher test variability. The consequences of modifying test administration and scoring methods for tests of (C)APD are not currently documented in the literature. PURPOSE This study aims to examine the effect of varying test administration and scoring procedures from those used to standardize tests of (C)APD on test outcome. RESEARCH DESIGN This study used a repeated-measures design in which all participants were evaluated in all test conditions. The effects of varying the number of test items administered and the use of repetitions of missed test items on the test outcome score were assessed for the frequency patterns test (FPT), competing sentences test (CST), and the low-pass filtered speech test (LPFST). For the CST only, two scoring methods were used (a strict and a lax criterion) to determine whether or not scoring method affected test outcome. STUDY SAMPLE Thirty-three native English-speaking adults served as participants. All participants had normal hearing (as defined by thresholds of 25-dB HL or better) at all octave band frequencies from 500 to 4000 Hz, with thresholds of 55-dB HL or better at 8000 Hz. All participants had normal cognitive function as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate the differences in test outcome when varying the CST scoring method. A 3 × 2 × 2 repeated-measures factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of test, length, and repetitions on outcome score for all three tests of auditory processing ability. Individual 2 × 2 repeated-measures two-way ANOVAs were subsequently conducted for each test to further evaluate interactions. RESULTS There was no effect of scoring method on the CST outcome. There was a significant main effect of repetition use for the FPT and LPFST, in that test scores were greater when corrected for repetitions. An interaction between test length and repetitions was found for the LPFST only, such that there was a greater effect of repetition use when a shorter test was administered compared with a longer test. CONCLUSIONS Test outcome may be affected when test administration procedures are varied from those used to standardize the test, lending itself to the broader possibility that the overall diagnosis of (C)APD may be subsequently affected.
Rare case of non-producer variant of plasma cell dyscrasias with circulating plasma cells

Non-producing variant of plasma cell disorders with circulating plasma cells is an aggressive variant of plasma cell dyscrasias with relatively poor outcomes. A 75-year-old man was admitted due to anaemia (90 g/L) and thrombocytopenia (9×109/L). Comprehensive metabolic panel showed creatinine of 1.34 mg/dL, total protein of 6 g/dL, and corrected calcium was normal. Peripheral smear review showed 8% circulating atypical plasmacytoid cells. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) confirmed plasma cell myeloma involving 90%–95% of bone marrow cellularity. Serum protein electrophoresis showed no monoclonal protein. Due to aggressive biology of non-producer variant and outcomes based on circulating plasma cells, he was started on VD-PACE (bortezomib, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide) chemotherapy. BMB after cycle 1 chemotherapy showed no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or flow cytometric features of a plasma cell neoplasm. Given excellent treatment response cycle 2 was changed to VRD (bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone). Following two cycles of VRD, he underwent autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation. Day 80 BMB suggested stringent complete response.
The effect of rurality on the risk of primary amputation is amplified by race.

Abstract Objective Primary amputation (ie, without attempted revascularization) is a devastating complication of peripheral artery disease. Racial disparities in primary amputation have been described; however, rural disparities have not been well investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of rurality on risk of primary amputation and to explore the effect of race on this relationship. Methods The national Vascular Quality Initiative amputation data set was used for analyses (N = 6795). The outcome of interest was primary amputation. Independent variables were race/ethnicity (non-Latinx whites vs nonwhites) and rural residence. Multivariable logistic regression examined impact of rurality and race/ethnicity on primary amputation after adjustment for relevant covariates and included an interaction for race/ethnicity by rural status. Results Primary amputation occurred in 49% of patients overall (n = 3332), in 47% of rural vs 49% of urban patients (P = .322), and in 46% of whites vs 53% of nonwhites (P Conclusions In these analyses, rurality was associated with greater odds for primary amputation in nonwhite patients but not in white patients. The effect of race on primary amputation was significant in both urban and rural settings; however, the effect was significantly stronger in rural settings. These findings suggest that race/ethnicity has a compounding effect on rural health disparities and that strategies to improve health of rural communities need to consider the particular needs of nonwhite residents to reduce disparities.
Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing

For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
Effects of Antiplatelet and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications on Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review:

Background:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has wide applications in orthopaedic care. Its beneficial effects are attributed to the growth factor profile from the platelet secretome. In theory, these eff...
Hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas on ZIF-derived nitrogen-doped carbons

Abstract This work studied the H2S removal from biogas, a CO2-containing gas mixture, over nitrogen-doped carbon materials deriving from the carbonization of ZIF-8. The H2S sorption performance on a series of N-doped porous carbon materials was investigated, in which the N-doping composition and textural properties of adsorbents were turned by varying the carbonization temperatures. By changing the carbonization temperatures from 750 to 950 ℃, the N contents vary in the range of 17.75−5.46 wt.%, and the BET surface area in the range of 373-757 cm2/g, while the H2S sorption capacity vary from 28.4–48.2 mg-H2S/g-sorb accordingly. Detailed characterization results (XPS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTA) reveal the correlation of H2S sorption capacity with doped N species and porosity, in which the N surface area/volumetric density is crucial. This observation is corroborated by the kinetic studies by fitting H2S adsorption isotherms with Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (DR) isotherms. The H2S sorption capacity is independent of CO2 concentrations examined (up to 40 vol%) on ZIF-8-derived sorbents, making them promising candidates for H2S removal from biogas.
Experience sampling of the degree of mind wandering distinguishes hidden attentional states.

Abstract Experience sampling of attentional states has consistently demonstrated that mind wandering is a frequent and disruptive obstacle when one must sustain attention during continuous task performance. Yet, methods commonly used to assess the subjective experience of mind wandering may conflate several potential sources of meaningful variation in individuals' degree of task engagement. In the present study, we examined evidence for distinct and identifiable patterns in subjective reports of the degree of task-related attentional focus during a sustained attention task in a large sample of adults (N = 537). Experience sampling probes embedded in the task assessed task-related focus using a continuum of response ratings ranging from 1 (on-task) to 6 (off-task). Participants used a range of probe response options in categorizing their current attentional state, and the continuum of probe ratings differentiated patterns of behavioral performance in the moments preceding probes. Markov-chain modeling of the categorical time series sequence of probe ratings further revealed distinct and behaviorally relevant hidden states underlying probe rating behavior. We replicated these findings in two additional independent data sets. Collectively, these findings suggest that three or more hidden attentional states best account for subjective ratings of task-related focus. The implications of these findings for models of sustained attention and mind wandering are discussed.
Technical efficiency, short-term clinical results and safety of a large-bore aspiration catheter in acute pulmonary embolism - A retrospective case study.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy plays an important role in the management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), either when rapid clot dissolution is needed or when thrombolytics are contraindicated. We describe our clinical and technical experience with the FlowTriever mechanical thrombectomy device in patients with acute PE. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all cases of acute PE treated with the FlowTriever device at a single tertiary care hospital system during the trial period (November 2019–January 2020). Technical and clinical results, including complications, are reported. Results: Technical success was achieved in all eight successive cases (seven cases of submassive and 1 case of massive PE). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) improved significantly after mechanical thrombectomy (27.8 ± 6.4 mmHg preprocedure; 20.5 ± 3.8 mmHg postprocedure; 7.3 ± 5.2 mmHg decrease after the procedure; P = 0.016). Hemoglobin levels did not change significantly after mechanical thrombectomy (11.8 g/dl ± 3.4 preprocedure; 9.9 g/dl ± 2.1 postprocedure; P = 0.20). Reduction in MPAP was achieved in 88% of cases (7/8) and hypoxia improved in all the nonintubated patients (7/7). Mortality observed in one patient with a massive central PE, was not related to the procedure. No mortality or procedural complications were observed in patients with submassive PE. Conclusions: The positive initial clinical experience and safety profile using the FlowTriever in the treatment of acute PE suggests, it has the potential to fill the unmet needs of a good mechanical thrombectomy device to treat massive and submassive high-risk PE especially when thrombolytics are contraindicated.
To What Extent Does Former Section 212(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act Apply to Aliens Who Are Deportable for an Aggravated Felony Conviction

Case at a Glance: Judulang v. Holder Joel Judulang, a legal permanent resident of the United States who is deportable for his conviction of an aggravated felony, asserts that he is eligible for relief from removal under former § 212(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Section 212(c) provides discretionary relief from removal for certain legal permanent residents who are found inadmissible to the United States upon their return from a temporary absence. Even though § 212(c), by its terms, provides relief only to an alien facing removal under a ground of inadmissibility, Judulang argues that § 212(c) also applies to an alien who is deportable based on a conviction that would have rendered him inadmissible if he had left and attempted to reenter the United States.
Effect of immunotherapy on overall survival in limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma: a national cancer database analysis:

Background:While immune-based therapies have been approved for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, there is limited data on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with limited-stage disease....
SNB: Reduction of Consecutive Message Reception Failures in C-V2X Communications

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) features have been standardized in 3GPP Release 14. In particular, the standard introduces a fully-distributed resource-allocation algorithm for Mode 4 configuration, called sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SB-SPS). Although SB-SPS is effective for orthogonal radio resource allocation, it could easily suffer consecutive message losses caused by interference or half-duplex transmission since SB-SPS uses a selected resource consecutively (multiple times) for periodic transmissions. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel Mode 4 resource-allocation algorithm, called SNB (Shake-and-Back). Instead of using a selected resource consecutively, SNB either randomly selects and uses a resource each time or uses a selected resource based on its decoding state to avoid consecutive message losses. We have conducted extensive simulations using NS-3 to evaluate SNB considering its coexistence with SB-SPS. Our evaluation results show that SNB improves the average message reception ratio (MRR) at three or more consecutive message losses significantly.
No light at the end of the tunnel

The tunneling model for laser-induced processes implies the replacement of the propagating field of a laser by an oscillatory electric field. The view of the electric field as the primary influence in charged particle interactions fails for laser processes where the propagation property is important. Electric fields lack several quintessential laser-field properties that become dominant at high intensities and/or low frequencies. Quantum tunneling is not a concept generally suited to laser light. Conversely, laser criteria do not apply to electric-field phenomena like Sauter–Schwinger pair production in the vacuum, contrary to a widespread assumption.
Relativistic fictitious forces in uniformly rotating frames

In the current paper, we present a generalisation of the transforms from the frame co-moving with an accelerated particle for uniform circular motion into an inertial frame of reference. The solution is of great interest for real-time applications because earth-bound laboratories are inertial only in approximation. The motivation is that the real-life applications include accelerating and rotating frames with arbitrary orientations more often than the idealised case of inertial frames; our daily experiments happen in the laboratories attached to the rotating Earth. Our paper is divided into three main sections, the first section deals with the theory of the dynamics, i.e., forces, the second section deals with the application of the theory to the derivation of the relativistic fictitious forces (Coriolis, centrifugal and Euler) occurring in the rotating frame. The third section deals with the relativistic fictitious forces in the quasi-inertial frame of the lab. We will show that there is not only a fictitious force that emerges in the rotating frame but also a fictitious power. The present paper is of interest to the researchers working with any type of circular particle accelerator.
Studies on Fluid-Thermal-Structural Coupling for Aerothermoelasticity in Hypersonic Flow

The field of aerothermoelasticity plays an important role in the analysis and optimization of airbreathing hypersonic vehicles, impacting the design of the aerodynamic, structural, control, and propulsion systems at both the component and multidisciplinary levels. This study aims to expand the fundamental understanding of hypersonic aerothermoelasticity by performing systematic investigations into fluid-thermal-structural coupling. A focus is on the targeted use of simplified coupling procedures in order to abate the computational effort associated with comprehensive aerothermoelastic analysis. Because of the fundamental nature of this work, the analysis is limited to cylindrical bending of a simply supported, von Karman panel. Multiple important effects are included in the analysis: namely, 1) mutual coupling between elastic deformation and aerodynamic heating, 2) transient arbitrary in-plane and through-thickness temperature distributions, and 3) the associated thermal stresses and material property degradations. It is found that including elastic deformations in the aerodynamic heating computations results in nonuniform heat flux, which produces nonuniform temperature distributions and material property degradations. This results in localized regions in which material temperature limits may be exceeded; it also impacts flutter boundary predictions and nonlinear flutter response. Additionally, the tradeoff between computational cost and accuracy is evaluated for aerothermoelastic analysis based on either quasi-static or time-averaged dynamic coupling. It is determined that these approaches offer substantial reductions in computational expense, with negligible loss of accuracy, for aerothermoelastic analysis over long-duration hypersonic trajectories.
Modelling of energy metabolism and analysis of pH variations in postmortem muscle

A kinetic model structure was developed to describe the major variations in energy metabolism and to gain further understanding of pH changes in postmortem muscle experimentally observed with an in vitro glycolytic system. Comparison with experiments showed that the model could describe the kinetics of major metabolites and pH under varied conditions. Optimized model parameters definitively and consistently showed the observed effects of mitochondria, indicating a desirable level of model complexity. Simulation and analysis of pH variations based on the model suggested that phosphofructokinase activity has the strongest impact on the rate and extent of postmortem pH decline. Postmortem pH is also influenced by rates of ATP hydrolysis and glycolysis, and to a much lesser extent, pH buffering capacity. Other reactions, including those mediated by creatine kinase, adenylate kinase, and AMP deaminase, have minimal effects on postmortem pH decline.
A Review of 'Our Great Purpose. Adam Smith on Living a Better Life' by Ryan Patrick Hanley

This is a review of Ryan Patrick Hanely's (2019) book, 'Our Great Purpose. Adam Smith on Living a Better Life.'
Singularities: Landmarks on the Pathways of Life

Erwin Schrodinger's What is Life? published 60 years ago, influenced much of the development of molecular biology. In this new book Christian De Duve, Nobel Laureate and pioneer of modern cell biology, presents a contemporary response to this classic, providing a sophisticated consideration of the key steps or bottlenecks that constrain the origins and evolution of life. De Duve surveys the entire history of life, including insights into the conditions that may have led to its emergence. He uses as landmarks the many remarkable singularities along the way, such as the single ancestry of all living beings, the universal genetic code, and the monophyletic origin of eukaryotes. The book offers a brief guided tour of biochemistry and phylogeny, from the basic molecular building blocks to the origin of humans. Each successive singularity is introduced in a sequence paralleling the hypothetical development of features and conditions on the primitive earth, explaining how and why each transition to greater complexity occurred.
Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory: From Genesis to Revelation

Abstract Terror management theory posits that human awareness of the inevitability of death exerts a profound influence on diverse aspects of human thought, emotion, motivation, and behavior. People manage the potential for anxiety that results from this awareness by maintaining: (1) faith in the absolute validity of their cultural worldviews and (2) self-esteem by living up to the standards of value that are part of their worldviews. In this chapter, we take stock of the past 30 years of research and conceptual development inspired by this theory. After a brief review of evidence supporting the theory's fundamental propositions, we discuss extensions of the theory to shed light on: (1) the psychological mechanisms through which thoughts of death affect subsequent thought and behavior; (2) how the anxiety-buffering systems develop over childhood and beyond; (3) how awareness of death influenced the evolution of mind, culture, morality, and religion; (4) how death concerns lead people to distance from their physical bodies and seek solace in concepts of mind and spirit; and (5) the role of death concerns in maladaptive and pathological behavior. We also consider various criticisms of the theory and alternative conceptualizations that have been proposed. We conclude with a discussion of what we view as the most pressing issues for further research and theory development that have been inspired by the theory's first 30 years.
Choice Points:Creating Clinical Qualitative Research Studies

Today, more psychotherapists are seeing the utility of studying their own and others' therapeutic work. With the growing popularity and acceptance of qualitative methods, the research process takes on special significance for the clinician/researcher. Using qualitative methodologies, therapists can conduct studies that are immediately relevant to their therapeutic work. In this paper, I discuss eight decisions or "choice points" clinician/researchers face when conducting clinical qualitative research studies. The choices I discuss are not all inclusive, yet they are representative of the choices most clinical qualitative projects requi Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Dawn Shelton, Ron Chenail, and Jan Chenail for their helpful suggestions in the preparation of this paper. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol3/iss2/3 Choice Points: Creating Clinical Qualitative Research Studies by Paul V. Maione The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 2, July, 1997 Abstract Today, more psychotherapists are seeing the utility of studying their own and others' therapeutic work. With the growing popularity and acceptance of qualitative methods, the research process takes on special significance for the clinician/researcher. Using qualitative methodologies, therapists can conduct studies that are immediately relevant to their therapeutic work. In this paper, I discuss eight decisions or "choice points" clinician/researchers face when conducting clinical qualitative research studies. The choices I discuss are not all inclusive, yet they are representative of the choices most clinical qualitative projects require.Today, more psychotherapists are seeing the utility of studying their own and others' therapeutic work. With the growing popularity and acceptance of qualitative methods, the research process takes on special significance for the clinician/researcher. Using qualitative methodologies, therapists can conduct studies that are immediately relevant to their therapeutic work. In this paper, I discuss eight decisions or "choice points" clinician/researchers face when conducting clinical qualitative research studies. The choices I discuss are not all inclusive, yet they are representative of the choices most clinical qualitative projects require.
[44] Cyclooxygenase initiation assay for hydroperoxides

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cyclooxygenase initiation assay for hydroperoxides. Evaluation of the pathophysiological role of hydroperoxides requires a sensitive and specific assay for these compounds. The cyclooxygenase initiation exploits the ability of low concentrations of hydroperoxides to initiate the cyclooxygenase reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. Because cyclooxygenase initiation requires only about 10–8 M lipid hydroperoxide or 10–5 M H2O2, the assay is quite sensitive. Monitoring the cyclooxygenase reaction requires common laboratory apparatus and a commercially available and relatively inexpensive polarographic oxygen electrode monitor. The results obtained with several different positional isomers of eicosatetraenoic acid hydroperoxide purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) shows that their effectiveness as activators declines almost linearly with the distance of the hydroperoxide from the methyl end of the fatty acid. The least effective preparation, a mixture of 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic (HPETE) and 6-HPETE, is only 15% as effective as 15-HPETE in activating cyclooxygenase. This result emphasizes the sensitivity of the activation process to the structure of the added hydroperoxide.
Noncommutative Affine Schemes

This chapter might be regarded as an introduction to noncommutative affine algebraic geometry. In other words, we consider here facts which are naturally expressed in the language of rings, ideals, and modules, without using categorical approach (as in Chapter III).
Volunteering for human service provisions : Lessons from Italy and the U.S.A.

The increased reliance on volunteers in all industrialized democracies has been parallelled by growing fiscal crises in most states, widespread criticism of welfare, and increased demand for social services. While volunteer work is presumed to be an alternative to public services, its feasibility is not yet clear. We suggest that a cross-national comparison of two significantly different countries would provide more information about volunteerism as a partial substitute for public services. We compared the United States where volunteerism is a widespread tradition and Italy where there has been a “rediscovery” of volunteerism since the 1980s.
Assessment of HYCOM as a tool for estimating Florida's OTEC potential

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the energy stored in the thermocline to evaporate and condense a fluid in a Rankine power cycle. A thermal energy resource assessment is conducted for waters surrounding Florida to help qualitatively assess the best locations for electrical power production by an OTEC plant in that state, using data modeled by the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The model's temperature predictions are then compared on a daily timescale against three years' worth of in situ temperature data collected by CTD and ADCP buoys spanning 160 km of the Atlantic coast of south Florida.
Optimization of Rare Earth Leaching

The use of applied chemistry in the production and optimization of leach solutions from Rare Earth Element (REE) ores and concentrates is being investigated. Ore and concentrate samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy/mineral liberation analysis (SEM/MLA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Atomic emission inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Multiple leach tests were performed to analyze the effects of temperature, residence time, and reagent concentration on the leaching of REEs. Analysis of leach solutions was carried out using ICP-AES. Modeling and statistical analysis of extraction behavior was carried out using DesignExpert 9. Modeling data for cerium extraction indicates that extraction is greatly influenced by temperature and reagent concentration, while leaching time plays a much less important role. Experimental design techniques are being utilized to optimize REE recovery. Results, conclusions, and directions for future studies will also be discussed.
High quality emotional HMM-Based synthesis in spanish

This paper describes a high-quality Spanish HMM-based speech synthesis of emotional speaking styles. The quality of the HMM-based speech synthesis is enhanced by using the most recent features presented for the Blizzard system (i.e. STRAIGHT spectrum extraction and mixed excitation). Two techniques are evaluated. First, a method simultaneously model all emotions within a single acoustic model. Second, an adaptation techniques to convert a neutral emotional style to a target emotion. We consider 3 kinds of emotions expressions: neutral, happy and sad. A subjective evaluation will show the quality of the system and the intensity of the produced emotion while an objective evaluation based on voice quality parameters evaluates the effectiveness of the approaches.
Mechanisms of Drug Metabolism

The study of drug metabolism places significant importance on the molecular properties of the substrate and the topography of the enzyme's active site. Mechanisms of drug metabolism focus on the different reactions catalyzed within each family of drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as the chemistry involved in phase I and II reactions. Concepts explored include enzyme-catalyzed reaction mechanisms, physicochemical properties of substrate molecules that result in favorable sites of metabolism for a given enzyme, and factors that contribute to the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity observed for phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes. Keywords: drug metabolism; cytochrome P450; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; oxidative metabolism; conjugative metabolism
Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion in protein solutions. I. Apotransferrin.

Abstract We report measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the nuclear magnetic spin lattice relaxation rate T1-1 of solvent protons in solutions of the diamagnetic protein apotransferrin, as a function of temperature, concentration, and pH. The bulk of the data were taken over a range of magnetic field (4 Oe to 1000 Oe) much lower than that traditionally used in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The major result in that T1-1 is highly magnetic field-dependent; it is very large below 10 Oe, and decreases monotonically as the magnetic field is increased. The data are compared with the predictions of several models for the interaction of solvent protons with the protein molecules, among them the model (Daszkiewicz, O. K., Hennel, T. W., Lubas, B., and Szczepkowski, T. W., Nature, 200, 1006 (1963)) in which water molecules bind irrotationally to the protein surface. The theory for all of the models is very similar. The conclusions are that proton exchange between the bulk water and the protein surface occurs via the exchange of water molecules in the pH range 5 to 8. At higher pH values, direct proton exchange with basic amino acid residues may be important. The theory shows that exchanging water molecules need not be irrotationally bound to the protein; it is sufficient that the water molecules be restricted to rotate about an axis that maintains a fixed geometry with respect to the protein molecule. The number of water molecules involved is a small fraction of the number usually considered to be in the first hydration shell. From the temperature dependence of the data, it is shown that the variation of T1-1 with magnetic field is related to the rotational diffusion relaxation time of the protein molecules, for all models considered. Additionally, the lifetime on the protein molecules of the exchanging entities, whether entire water molecules or individual protons, is in the range 0.1 to 10 µsec.
Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum.

Abstract Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermoautotrophicum contain the same menaquinone. Its structure, determined by thin-layer chromatography, UV absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was found to be MK-7 (2-methyl-3-heptaprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). The menaquinone is located in the cytoplasmic membranes and is involved in redox reactions of two b-type cytochromes present in the clostridia. These reactions were studied with right-side-out membranes prepared from C. thermoautotrophicum by using CO as an electron donor. In intact membranes, both cytochromes were reduced, whereas after inactivation of the menaquinone by exposure of the membranes to UV irradiation, reduction of the low-potential cytochrome (Eo', -200 mV) but not of the high-potential cytochrome (Eo', -48 mV) occurred. The reduction of the high-potential cytochrome in UV-irradiated membranes was restored following the addition of oxidized menaquinone and with an excess of CO. The addition of oxidized menaquinone to reduced membranes resulted initially in a preferential oxidation of the low-potential cytochrome. The results obtained indicate that the menaquinone acts between the two b-type cytochromes in an electron transport chain.
The More Enduring Economic Consequences of America's Wars

Only in recent years have the economic problems involved in the conduct of war begun to receive much attention from scholars. As a result of sad experience we now also have substantial groups engaged in studying the problems of postwar readjustment, but I know of no attempt to present a summary generalization of the more enduring reactions of American wars upon the economic life of the country. By the more enduring reactions I mean those which are felt after the postwar period of readjustment and which may be due either directly to the war or to the depression caused by the war.
Art in the Information Economy

Abstract: Economically, art has been viewed as a resource, a commodity, a process, a secondary good, a technology, and as capital. The role of art as a producer of and storage for cultural capital has historically been the most important for society as a whole. Today, however, the general stock of cultural capital is declining. Other trends in the current information economy include a greater appreciation for art as a source of innovation than for art products as commodities in themselves; recognition of the ability of art to serve as a source for minority communities seeking a niche in the global economy; and an increase in efforts to quantify cultural capital. The problem of the decline of cultural capital should be a matter of concern to civil society as a whole. Resume: D'un point de vue economique, on a percu l'art comme etant une ressource, une marchandise, un processus, un bien secondaire, une technologie, et un capital. D'un point de vue historique, le role le plus important de l'art pour la societe prise dans sa totalite a ete celui de producteur et d'entreposeur de capital culturel. Aujourd'hui, cependant, les reserves generales de ce capital culturel sont en baisse. D'autres tendances de l'economie de l'information actuelle sont: une plus grande appreciation de l'art comme source d'innovation que comme produit en tant que tel; la reconnaissance de la capacite de l'art de servir de ressource pour les communautes minoritaires recherchant un creneau dans l'economie globale; et une augmentation dans les efforts de quantifier le capital culturel. Ce probleme du declin dans le capital culturel est une question qui devrait concerner la societe civile dans sa totalite.
Future Directions in Emotion Dysregulation and Youth Psychopathology

This article reviews central nervous system substrates and autonomic correlates of emotion dysregulation and offers several suggestions for future research. Studies conducted in the last two decades indicate that effective emotion regulation requires efficient top-down, cortically mediated regulation of bottom-up, subcortically mediated individual differences in trait impulsivity and trait anxiety. Without making critical distinctions between highly heritable individual differences in trait impulsivity and trait anxiety, versus less heritable and more socialized deficiencies in emotion regulation, progress in understanding the development of psychopathology among children and adolescents will be hampered. Future research can also be improved by measuring emotion dysregulation across multiple level of analysis, specifying physiological mechanisms through which operant reinforcement shapes emotional lability, improving the internal and external validity of psychophysiological measures, integrating emotion dysregulation into factor analytic and behavioral genetic models of psychopathology, identifying molecular genetic risk for emotion dysregulation, and expanding neuroimaging research on emotion dysregulation among children and adolescents.
Tuned mass dampers for structures with closely spaced natural frequencies

Analytical results are developed for vibration control of structures with one or more Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs). The input is a harmonic load with a range of possible frequencies. The control objective is to reduce the maximum amplitude of the structural response. Perturbation theory is used with three sets of small parameters: the ratio of TMD and structural modal masses, the damping of the system, and the differences between the structural and loading frequencies. It is shown analytically that for structures with widely spaced natural frequencies, the response can be approximated accurately by the response of the well-known single-mode structure/TMD system. For structures with p closely spaced natural frequencies, more general analytical results are developed to describe the coupling between the motions of the p modes of the structure and the multiple TMDs. The results show that at least p TMDs with properly placed attachments to the structure are necessary to control the response. If fewer TMDs are used, the maximum frequency response has a lower bound which is independent of the properties of the TMDs. The TMD placement is shown to be always important, regardless of the spacing of the structure's natural frequencies. The results are illustrated for both lumped-mass and continuous structures.
RNA metabolism in T4-infected Escherichia coli☆

Abstract Discrete species of 14 C-labeled messenger RNA from T4-infected Escherichia coli can be detected as bands on polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis and autoradiography. Experiments are presented which demonstrate that the transcriptional patterns change during the course of infection and that protein synthesis inhibition at appropriate times of infection prevents certain transcriptional transitions. It is shown that the synthesis of stable host RNA (23 s, 16 s, 5 s and transfer RNA) ceases after two minutes of infection at 25 °C but that the addition of chloramphenicol to the culture before infection prevents this shut off. “Early” phage RNA which is synthesized before the onset of DNA synthesis can be divided into two subclasses by virtue of the fact that only one class is synthesized in chloramphenicol pretreated cultures. Also, chloramphenicol prevents the synthesis of late phage RNA even if added at a time when it allows a significant amount of phage DNA to be synthesized. This indicates that phage DNA synthesis is a necessary but not a sufficient requirement for transcription of the late phage genes. Analysis of the RNA synthesized by cultures infected with various phage mutants demonstrates that phage DNA synthesis and the functioning of genes 55 and 33 are required for the synthesis of late messenger RNA which is synthesized after 20 minutes of infection at 25 °C. The striking similarity of the RNA patterns from cultures infected with amber mutants in genes 33 and 55 corroborates their classification in the same class of maturation defectiveness. It is shown that though almost all of the RNA labeled during phage infection is unstable, several RNA species in the molecular weight range 20,000 to 50,000 are stable and accumulate in large amounts during infection. The results are discussed in relation to our current understanding of the mechanisms controlling RNA and protein synthesis in phage-infected cells.
Correlations between auto-, allo- and nil-competition and their implications in plant breeding.

This study was undertaken to explore the relation between auto-, allo- and nil-competition using a long established pure line cultivar of bread wheat, where genes controlling yielding and competing ability co-exist and co-interact. The investigation lasted three growing periods, the first two with trials grown at nilcompetition (100 cm), and the third with trials grown at the three conditions of competition. In the first growing period, divergent single plant honeycomb selection for high and low yield was applied in the cultivar Siete Cerros, to continue in the second growing period with divergent line honeycomb selection. In the third growing period, top and bottom lines selected under nil-competition were compared with the mother variety Siete Cerros under auto-, allo- and nil-competition.
Effect of ethanol feeding on the urinary histamine level of the pregnant rat

Abstract The influence of ethanol feeding during pregnancy on histamine excretion was studied. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (N=5) were fed a liquid diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories from gestation-day 7 to 21; control rats (N=5) were pair-fed with isocaloric sucrose substituted for ethanol. Twenty-four hour urines were collected for histamine analysis. Rats were killed on day 21 of gestation. Food and ethanol intakes averaged 260 kcal and 11 g/kg/day, respectively. No differences were found betwen ethanol and control rats in maternal weight gain, litter size or in fetal and placental weights. Although urinary histamine increased in all rats with the advance of pregnancy, on day 16, ethanol rats excreted significantly more (47%) than the controls (199.1±33.9 vs 135.5±51.4 ug/24 hr); on day 20, it was 123% more (534.6±114.4 vs 239.5±99.3 ug/24 hr). Ethanol enhanced urinary histamine did not reflect the histamine content or histidine decarboxylase activity of fetal liver, presumed site of histamine formation; its physiological significance is discussed.
Subjunctivity and cross-world predication

The main goal of this paper is to present and compare two approaches to formalizing cross-world comparisons like “John might have been taller than he is” in quantified modal logics. One is the standard method employing degrees and graded positives, according to which the example just given is to be paraphrased as something like “The height that John has is such that he might have had a height greater than it,” which is amenable to familiar formalization strategies with respect to quantified modal logic. The other approach, based on subjunctive modal logic, mimics the mixed indicative-subjunctive patterns typical of cross-world comparisons in many natural languages by means of explicit mood markers. This latter approach is new and should, for various reasons, appeal to linguists and philosophers. Along the way, I argue that attempts to capture cross-world comparison by means of sentential operators are either inadequate or subject to substantive logical and philosophical objections.
Not a case of either-or (technical communication)

The author expands on four aspects of the interaction of the engineer and the technical communication specialist: (1) the various tasks that make up the technical publication process; (2) the interactive but shifting role of these two participants as determined by purpose and readership; (3) the reader-advocate function of the communication specialist which can, in fact, affect future engineering designs; and (4) the changing academic preparation for the media-oriented technical communication specialist. It is emphasized that current computer documentation provides an excellent example of the growing interaction between these two specialists. >
Lung resection in patients with preoperative FEV1 < 35% predicted.

Objectives: To determine the morbidity, mortality, and feasibility of lung resection in patients with tumors and preoperative FEV1 2,000 operations per year. Patients: One hundred consecutive patients with discrete lung tumors and with preoperative FEV1 7 days. One patient left the hospital ventilator dependent, 3 additional patients required intubation >48 h, and 11 patients were discharged with a new oxygen requirement. There were four pneumonias, one myocardial infarction, and two reoperations for bleeding. Male gender (p 0.003), preoperative oxygen dependence (p 0.03), and pack-year history (p 0.006) were associated with a higher overall incidence of complications, while age, incision, diabetes, coronary artery disease, duration of smoking cessation, amount of lung resected, size of lesion, and preoperative percentage of predicted FEV1 did not correlate with the overall incidence of complications. Conclusions:In a large academic center, minimally invasive surgical techniques, intensive pulmonary care, and advanced anesthetic techniques allow for curative lung tumor resections in patients with very low preoperative FEV1 with a very low mortality and very low incidence of ventilator dependence. Other serious complications such as pneumonia, myocardial infarction, and bleeding are uncommon. An extended hospital stay and a high incidence of prolonged air leak should be expected, especially in patients with preoperative FEV1 <20% predicted. (CHEST 2005; 127:1984–1990)
The periodic-heating method in a system of bodies in contact

A method of investigating the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of capillaryporous media when a liquid is seeping through them is theoretically substantiated. It is proposed to use a regular thermal mode of operation of the 3rd kind (the periodic-heating method) in a system of bodies in contact: two semibounded media with the sample-plate between them. Special cases of the proposed thermal system are considered.
Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water.

Dechlorination of TCE and PCBs using bimetallic nanoparticles has received increasing interest in recent years. However, due to the extremely high reactivity, nanoparticles prepared using current methods tend to either react with surrounding media or agglomerate, resulting in the formation of much larger flocs and significant loss in reactivity. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a simple and green approach for synthesizing palladized iron (Fe−Pd) nanoparticles. We modified the conventional methods by applying a water-soluble starch as a stabilizer. The starched nanoparticles displayed much less ag glomeration but greater dechlorination power than those prepared without a stabilizer. TEM analyses indicated that the starched nanoparticles were present as discrete particles as opposed to dendritic flocs for nonstarched particles. The mean particle size was estimated to be 14.1 nm with a standard deviation of 11.7 nm, which translated to a surface area of ∼55 m2 g-1. While starched nanoparticles remai...
The Evaluation of Nutritional Value of Meat and Bone Meals as Influenced by Cereals or Corn Starch

Abstract Four meat and bone meal samples were analyzed for methionine, tryptophan, available lysine, and Orange-G dye binding and were fed to chicks as the major source of protein in starch or cereal-based diets. It was difficult to correlate chick growth with chemical indices, but the relative growth was similar irrespective of cereal supplement. In an additional trial, nine meat and bone meal samples gave essentially similar rankings whether used in milo, wheat, or corn based diets.