cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiation growth and swelling analysis for strains and stresses in short cylindrical fuel elements

Abstract Based on the present, accepted experimental results of radiation growth and swelling in nuclear fuels, a theoretical analysis for strain and stress distributions in short solid-cylindrical fuel elements is presented. The exact solutions of the modified Bessel functions for neutron flux distribution and temperature distribution in the fuel elements are respectively obtained from the simple diffusion equations and Poisson's heat conduction equation. The strain and stress equations for the fuel elements are derived. From the calculated results of a numerical example, the components of strain and stress produced in the fuel elements are shown by the curves. For purposes of comparison, the strain and stress distributions developed in the long, solid-cylindrical fuel elements are also given. From the results of comparison it appears that short fuel rods or slugs offer definite advantages over long fuel elements when the stability of fuel element and burn-up level are concerned.
Cancer Research in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Populations: Accelerating Cancer Knowledge by Acknowledging and Leveraging Heterogeneity

The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander population is large, growing, and extremely heterogeneous. Not only do they bear unique burdens of incidence and outcomes for certain cancer types, they exhibit substantial variability in cancer incidence and survival patterns across the ethnic groups. By acknowledging and leveraging this heterogeneity through investing in cancer research within these populations, we have a unique opportunity to accelerate the availability of useful and impactful cancer knowledge. See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Cancer in Asian and Pacific Islander Populations."
The Japanese Art of Managing Diversity

Japanese corporations are about the only ones that have demonstrated the ability to move quickly into emerging new industries and out of declining industries.
Using screen capture software for web site usability and redesign buy‐in

Purpose – The purpose of this article is two‐fold: to provide guidance on how to present persuasive web site redesign presentations to library stakeholders; and to introduce screen capture software as an effective and persuasive tool for usability studies to both record data and promote redesign recommendations to library stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach – Includes a review of the literature summarizing effective techniques used to create persuasive presentations and recounts how Camtasia Studio, Techsmith's screen capture software, was employed by the Usability Committee at Texas A&M University Libraries to record usability tests and present the committee's redesign recommendations to library administration and staff.Findings – Screen capture software in conjunction with effective presentations can have a positive impact on library‐wide buy‐in for web site redesign initiatives.Originality/value – Will be of interest to usability committees who want to streamline data recording and distribution te...
Interdepartmental Conflict Management and Negotiation in Cardiovascular Imaging

Although the relationship between cardiologists and radiologists has a thorny history, advanced cardiac imaging technology and the promise of cardiac computed tomography are forcing both specialties back to the negotiation table. These discussions represent an opportunity for better communication, collaboration, and resource allocation. The authors address the aspects of interdepartmental conflict management and negotiation through their radiology department's ongoing efforts to provide high-quality advanced noninvasive cardiovascular imaging services at a large academic institution. The definition and causes of conflict are defined, with a specific focus on noninvasive cardiovascular imaging, followed by a description of steps used in the negotiation process. The authors encourage radiologists to entertain an open dialogue with cardiology, because in many cases, both sides can benefit. The benefits of a negotiated outcome include minimizing internal competitors, incorporating cardiologists' expertise to cardiac imaging algorithms, and more effective training opportunities.
Tectonic implications of magnetic fabrics and remanence in the Cooper Mountain pluton, North Cascade Mountains, Washington

Documenting the timing and kinematics of deformation in orogens is critical to unraveling their history. Ani - sotropy of magnetic susceptibility defines the orientation of magnetic fabrics in the Eocene Cooper Mountain pluton in the North Cascade Mountains of Washington. The magnetic foliation typically has a steep dip and a northwest strike; the magnetic lineation plunges moderately to shallowly northwest or southeast. The remanent magnetization was mea- sured to determine if the Cooper Mountain pluton has been tilted following emplacement. The remanence has two components. The characteristic remanence typically unblocks at 370 °C in most specimens, but at 580 °C in others. The two components are carried by pyrrhotite and magnetite. Mean directions of these components are indistinguish- able from each other and from the North American expected Eocene direction. The paleomagnetic results and 47 Ma 40 Ar- 39 Ar total fusion ages from biotite suggest that there has been no remagnetization or significant reorientation of the pluton since emplacement. Therefore, the in situ magnetic fabrics from the pluton can be used to understand the ki- nematics. Discordance of the fabrics with the pluton margin and near concordance with regional structures suggests that they have a tectonic origin. Thus the Cooper Mountain pluton is syntectonic rather than posttectonic. The mag- matic fabric is slightly oblique to the length of the Cascade orogen, which can be explained if it formed as a conse- quence of regional dextral shear during transpression.
Conversion of the prosthetic moieties of glutathione pathway conjugates to the corresponding S-acetates.

A simple acetylation procedure was shown to form S-acetates of the xenobiotic moieties of mercapturic acid pathway metabolites. The S-acetates that were produced were characterized by mass spectrometry or by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
Wide area power system islanding detection, classification and state evaluation algorithm

An islanded power system indicates a geographical and logical detach between a portion of a power system and the major grid, and often accompanies with the loss of system observability. A power system islanding contingency could be one of the most severe consequences of wide-area system failures. It might result in enormous losses to both the power utilities and the consumers. Even those relatively small and stable islanding events may largely disturb the consumers’ normal operation in the island. On the other hand, the power consumption in the U.S. has been largely increasing since 1970s with the respect to the bloom of global economy and mass manufacturing, and the daily increased requirements from the modern customers. Along with the extreme weather and natural disaster factors, the century old U.S. power grid is under severely tests for potential islanding disturbances. After 1980s, the invention of synchronized phasor measurement units (PMU) has broadened the horizon for system monitoring, control and protection. Its real time feature and reliable measurements has made possible many online system schemes. The recent revolution of computers and electronic devices enables the implementation of complex methods (such as data mining methods) requiring large databases in power system analysis. The proposed method presented in this dissertation is primarily focused on two studies: one power system islanding contingency detection, identification, classification and state evaluation algorithm using a decision tree algorithm and topology approach, and its application in Dominion Virginia power system; and one optimal PMU placement strategy using a binary integral programming algorithm with the consideration of system islanding and redundancy issues.
Safety and utility of transjugular liver biopsy in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Abstract Purpose Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at high risk in the setting of percutaneous liver biopsy as a result of comorbid coagulopathy and ascites, and are commonly referred to undergo transjugular liver biopsy. The present study was performed to assess the safety and utility of transjugular liver biopsy in HSCT recipients and to analyze the correlation between corrected hepatic sinusoidal pressure gradient (CHSPG) and pathologic diagnoses. Materials and Methods Data from reports of transjugular liver biopsy procedures, pathology reports, and laboratory values of 141 consecutive HSCT recipients who underwent transjugular liver biopsy with pressure measurement between January 2005 and August 2011 in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results A total of 166 biopsy procedures were performed in 141 patients. Technical success rate was 98.8%. Biopsy was diagnostic in 95.7% of patients. There were three major complications (1.8%), including one death. CHSPG in patients with venoocclusive disease (VOD) was significantly higher ( P Conclusions The present data show that transjugular liver biopsy is a relatively safe procedure that provides important information for the clinical management of patients with HSCT. Measurement of CHSPG during the procedure can support the diagnosis of VOD.
Radiation damage effects at four specimen temperatures from 4 to 100 K

Radiation damage is the primary factor that limits resolution in electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) of frozen-hydrated biological samples. Negative effects of radiation damage are attenuated by cooling specimens to cryogenic temperatures using liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. We have examined the relationship between specimen temperature and radiation damage across a broad spectrum of resolution by analyzing images of frozen-hydrated catalase crystal at four specimen temperatures: 4, 25, 42, and 100K. For each temperature, "exposure series" were collected consisting of consecutive images of the same area of sample, each with 10 e(-)/A(2) exposure per image. Radiation damage effects were evaluated by examining the correlation between cumulative exposure and normalized amplitudes or IQ values of Bragg peaks across a broad range of resolution (4.0-173.5A). Results indicate that for sub-nanometer resolution, liquid nitrogen specimen temperature (100K) provides the most consistent high-quality data while yielding statistically equivalent protection from radiation damage compared to the three lower temperatures. At lower resolution, suitable for tomography, intermediate temperatures (25 or 42K) may provide a modest improvement in cryo-protection without introducing deleterious effects evident at 4 K.
A Study of Dynamic Waveband Switching in Multi-granular Optical Networks

The basic principle of waveband switching (WBS) is to group multiple wavelengths together as a band or fiber and switch the group using a single port whenever possible. To support waveband grouping in WBS networks, multi-granular optical cross-connects (MG-OXCs) are introduced to switch the traffic at the fiber, band, and wavelength layers. One important goal in WBS networks is to minimize the number of ports at the MG-OXCs. For WBS networks with dynamic or on-line traffic, both the port consumption and call blocking probability should be considered during the process of accommodating unpredictable traffic demands with limited resources. Call blocking can be caused by port insufficiency as well as wavelength shortage in WBS networks with dynamic traffic. Our study in this work starts with an analysis of a reconfigurable MG-OXC architecture and various cases of port consumption on this architecture. We then analyze the lower/upper bounds for the design parameter of the reconfigurable MG-OXC architecture. Based on the insights obtained from the analysis, we propose a new algorithm, namely, weighted graph-based waveband assignment (WGB), which employs an auxiliary weighted graph technique to make efficient dynamic routing and waveband assignment. The proposed algorithm is simulated in WBS networks with fully dynamic or incremental traffic patterns. Our results show that the proposed scheme can satisfy up to 40% more lightpath requests than the existing scheme, maximum overlap ratio (MOR), before a certain blocking ratio is observed in the network. Our study also shows that with limited resources, WBS can obtain port savings by limiting the design parameter while achieving an allowable blocking probability.
Brain-Machine Interfaces: A team-taught seminar bridging disciplines and fostering discussions

This paper describes an honors seminar on brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) taught at the University of Saint Thomas, in Saint Paul, MN. Team taught by professors in psychology and engineering, the seminar examined the applications and limitations of brain-machine interfaces from both neuroscience and engineering perspectives. The first half of the course consisted of lectures and instructor-facilitated discussions about the mechanics of brain circuitry, diseases and disorders of the nervous system, and basic electrical recording techniques. In the second half of the course, students presented formal lectures on innovations in BMI technology and discussed the ethics of such technology. Students were evaluated on weekly writing assignments, discussions, and formal oral presentations. Overall, the focus on BMI technology captivated students because of its immediate relevance to medical and military technology, and encouraged extensive and critical dialogues about the need for interdisciplinary groups to monitor this technology. This paper describes the course structure and content, quantitative and qualitative student feedback, and offers guidelines for designing a similar course.
Effect of subcutaneous vs intraperitoneal administration of an anti-estrogen, CI-628, on estradiol- and estradiol benzoate-stimulated lordosis in the ovariectomized rat

The anti-estrogen CI-628 (3 mg) inhibited estradiol (E, 150 mug, SC in oil)-stimulated lordosis in ovariectomized rats, when the anti-estrogen was given intraperitoneally (IP) at the time of E injection (Hr 0). No lordosis inhibition occurred after similar treatment, if the CI-628 was given subcutaneously. For estradiol benzoate (EB, 2 mug, SC in oil)-stimulated lordosis, CI-628 (Hr 0) had a substantial inhibitory effect whether it was given IP or SC, the greater percentage inhibition occurring after SC CI-628 (Experiment 1). All animals received sequential injections of estrogen and progesterone (500 = s,g, SC in oil) and were then tested to 10 mounts by an intact male. These results suggested that, after E injection, neural tissues mediating lordosis have a shorter period of sensitivity to the behavioral effects of CI-628 than after EB injection. Thus, inhibition of E-stimulated lordosis apparently required the more rapid onset of intracellular estrogen retention inhibition resulting from CI-628 given IP rather than SC. This was not the case for EB-stimulated lordosis, where a longer period of sensitivity to CI-628 seeemed likely. This hypothesis was supported by the data of Experiment 2, in which CI-628 (3 mg, IP) was first given 3 hr after E or EB treatment. In this paradigm, CI-628 no longer inhibited E-stimulated lordosis. In contrast, the anti-estrogen's effect on EB-stimulated lordosis was at least equal to the inhibition occurring after CI-628 (IP) given at Hr 0.
Range fires: A significant factor in exposure-age determination and geomorphic surface evolution

Physical weathering of rock (spalling), removal of adhered rock varnish, and diffusive loss of noble gases are accelerated by heating in range fires, a dramatic and widespread geomorphic process that must be considered when samples are collected for determining surface exposure ages or for measuring in situ production rates of cosmogenic isotopes. Exposure ages and production rates will be minima if the effects of spalling and/or the effects of accelerated diffusive loss of gaseous isotopes such as He and Ne are not considered. To minimize the effect of fire-induced diffusive loss, samples for noble-gas analysis should be collected 5-10 cm below the rock surface or form outcrops that are unlikely to have been heated by fire. In addition, by determining the concentration of in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes of different half-lives, the magnitude of spalling loss (site-specific erosion rate) can be constrained for each sample.
Review: Multipoint binding and heterogeneity in immobilized metal affinity chromatography.

Studies carried out using engineered proteins clearly demonstrate that adsorption to derivatized surfaces involves multiple interactions between functional groups on the protein and complementary sites distributed on the surface. The fact that adsorption involves multipoint interactions has important implications for the design of separations processes and for the interpretation of heterogeneity in biological recognition phenomena. Increasing the density of surface metal sites (immobilized copper ions) is found to be functionally equivalent to increasing the number of metal-coordinating groups on the protein (histidines and deprotonated amines), in that both processes increase the likelihood of simultaneous interactions between the protein and the surface. A consequence of multiple-site interactions is a significant increase in protein binding affinity that depends on the arrangement of surface sites. A protein will show the highest affinity for arrangements of surface sites which best match its own pattern of functional groups and will show lower affinity for less optimal arrangements, resulting in binding that is inherently heterogeneous. We have found that reversible protein adsorption in immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is described by the Temkin model, which characterizes binding heterogeneity by a uniform distribution of binding energies over the population of surface binding sites.
Using test data to predict avionics integrity

Published data on avionic fatigue life and high-temperature endurance were used to develop straight-line relationships between stress amplitudes and life at given amplitudes for four part types: a chassis, a plated-through hole, an integrated circuit (IC), and a non-IC piece part. Design-life-distributions for four accelerated reliability test programs were derived for the same item categories using the same straight-line relationships between stress and life. The tests involved 15 specimens and approximately 40000 accelerated test hours. A test-life observation was multiplied by the ratio between predicted usage life mean for the design configuration and predicted test-life mean for the test configuration being observed. A product limit technique was used to treat censorship (observations of test end without relevant failure). The resulting test data distribution was used to predict the failure-free operation period and the mean time between failures for the new design. >
Vitamin D supplementation in older persons: benefits and requirements

The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the elderly population worldwide raises concerns regarding the potential multiple health consequences of persistent, long-term, low vitamin D levels, beyond the traditional detrimental effects on calcium metabolism and bone health. Observational studies and recent randomized clinical trials have found an increased risk of falls, physical dysmobility and cancer in individuals with lower vitamin D concentrations. Cross-sectional studies have also found an inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death. The optimal serum vitamin D concentration for bone health appears to have been established but the current recommended doses of vitamin D are too low to result in normal serum levels in the majority of the population and the elderly in particular. Furthermore, observational studies suggest that higher serum levels might be necessary when targeting other health outcomes.
Sintering of Particulate Composites under a Uniaxial Stress

This paper reports the sintering of particulate composites consisting of a fine-grained zinc oxide matrix and coarse silicon carbide inclusions investigated at 725{degrees} C under a uniaxial stress of {approx} 250 kPa. Data for the densification and creep rates of the composite were compared with those for the unreinforced matrix. The inclusions cause a drastic reduction in the measured densification and creep rates. They have a greater effect on the densification process, however; the ratio of the densification rate to the creep rate of the composite is approximately half that of the unreinforced compact. The factors that cause the reduction in this ratio are present from the very early stage of sintering.
Effect of Left Atrial Ablation Process and Strategy on Microemboli Formation During Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in an In Vivo Model

Background— Formation of microemboli during catheter ablation has been suggested as a cause for asymptomatic cerebral emboli. However, it is unknown which part of the process and ablation setting/strategy is most strongly related to this occurrence. Methods and Results— A total of 27 pigs were used. Catheter/sheath manipulations in left atrium were performed in 25 of 27 pigs outfitted with microemboli monitoring systems. Ablations using open-irrigated radiofrequency catheters were performed in 18 of 25 pigs. Two of 27 pigs did not undergo left atrial procedures and were injected with microembolic materials in the carotid artery to serve as positive controls. In total, 334 sheath/catheter manipulations (transseptal puncture, sheath flushing, catheter insertion, pulmonary vein venography, and sheath exchange) and 333 radiofrequency applications (power setting, 30/50 W; point-by-point/drag ablations) were analyzed. High microbubble volume in the extracorporeal circulation loop and a high number of microembolic signals in carotid artery were observed during sheath/catheter manipulations especially in saline/contrast injections at fast speed and ablations with steam pop. Fast sheath flushing produced significantly higher microbubble volume than slow sheath flushing (median, 12 200 versus 121 nL; P <0.0001). A total of 44 of 126 (35%) blood filters in the circulation loop showed microparticles (thrombus/coagulum and tissue). Most of them were seen after radiofrequency application especially in 50-W ablations, drag ablations, and steam pop. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed positive-embolic lesions in control pigs. Conclusions— Formation of microbubbles was the greatest during fast saline/contrast injections and steam pops, whereas high-power radiofrequency applications, drag ablations, and steam pops produced most of the microparticles.
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Part 2. Infant Anomalies, Clinical Interventions, and Placental Examination

Most anomalies seen in fetuses and neonates who have chronic twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) represent sequelae of cardiovascular dysfunction or vascular disruption. The placental examination can provide critical information to the neonatologist caring for infants who have a history of TTTS, especially in instances wherein the twins are not necessarily growth-discordant but have cardiovascular or renal dysfunction or neuropathologic findings. In this review, we present an updated discussion of the fetal and neonatal pathologies and adverse sequelae associated with TTTS and advances in antenatal diagnosis and clinical interventions for monochorionic gestations complicated by TTTS. We also present highlights of the placental examination so the neonatologist can inspect the placenta at the time of delivery and possibly gain insights that may affect patient care.
DNA Copy Number Data Analysis Using the CGHAnalyzer Software Suite

Recently developed microarray-based copy number measurement assays have drastically improved the accuracy and resolution to which DNA copy number alterations can be detected. As with any microarray assay, those designed to measure genome copy number produce large data sets for each sample. Furthermore, many successful studies of genome copy number require the concurrent comparison of many samples. Identifying software packages that provide the proper analytic tools is essential to effectively mine these valuable data. CGHAnalyzer is a freely available, open source software suite designed specifically for the purpose of analyzing multiple-experiment microarray-based genome copy number data. This package can load data from a variety of formats, query large data sets for minimal common regions of gain and loss, integrate other genomic features into analyses (e.g., known/predicted genes), conduct higher order analyses such as hierarchical/k-means clustering and perform statistical tests to identify regions that are differentially altered between classes of samples. Each of these utilities represents common hurdles in approaching microarray copy number data sets. This passage provides an overview of practical, step by step analysis of array-based comparative genomic hybridization data using CGHAnalyzer and demonstrates specific techniques to improve the efficiency and accuracy of analysis.
Aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma with dorsal hand involvement in an adolescent female.

Aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma (APK) is a rare, acquired condition that presents as papules on the palms, and rarely the soles, upon immersion in water.1 We describe a patient who presented with the unusual finding of dorsal involvement of the hands.
Do People’s Desires to Change Their Personality Traits Vary With Age? An Examination of Trait Change Goals Across Adulthood:

Research suggests most people want to change their personality traits. Existing studies have, however, almost exclusively examined college-aged samples. Thus, it remains unclear whether older adult...
Bioethics training programmes for Africa: evaluating professional and bioethics-related achievements of African trainees after a decade of Fogarty NIH investment

Objectives Our primary aim was to evaluate the impact of US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded bioethics training programmes (Fogarty bioethics training programmes, FBTPs) that trained individuals from Africa over the programme9s first 10 years to examine changes between pretraining and post-training in individual achievement and to document any associations between individual, training programme and post-training accomplishments. Design We surveyed trainees from the 10 bioethics programmes funded by NIH Fogarty International Center from 2000 to 2011 that included African trainees. McNemar9s and Wilcoxon signed rank-sum tests were used to analyse pre–post levels of general and bioethics-related professional achievement. Likelihood of specific post-training achievement outcomes was measured using logistic regression including demographic, pretraining and intratraining variables. Setting 10 different FBTPs that trained individuals from Africa from 2000 to 2011. Participants Of 253 eligible respondents, 171 completed the survey (response rate 67.6%). Primary outcome measures Pre–post comparisons of professional achievement indicators (eg, serving in leadership roles, teaching, publishing manuscripts); likelihood of specific post-training achievement outcomes. Results Post-training, respondents were significantly more likely to report serving in a leadership role, being an investigator on a research grant, serving on international committees, serving as a mentor, and publishing manuscripts than at pretraining. Post-training, significantly greater numbers of respondents reported bioethics-related achievements including being a bioethics instructor, serving on an Institutional Review Board (IRB), being an investigator on a bioethics grant and publishing bioethics-related manuscripts than pretraining. Controlling for other factors, there were no significant differences by gender in the post-training success of these participants in terms of leadership roles, being instructors, investigators on grants and holding IRB roles. Conclusions African trainees who participated in FBTPs reported significantly higher levels of professional achievement after training. There was no single factor—either demographic, related to a trainee9s professional background, or in programme design—that consistently predicted greater levels of post-training achievement.
Explanation can cause Forgetting: Memory Dynamics in the Generation of New Arguments

Retrieval-induced forgetting is observed when the retrieval of target information causes the forgetting of nontarget information. The present study investigated whether similar dynamics occur in the context of generating arguments in the process of explanation. Participants studied arguments associated with several issues before attempting to think of new arguments pertaining to a subset of those issues. When given a later memory test, participants were less likely to recall the studied arguments if they had attempted to think of new arguments than if they had not. This argument-induced forgetting effect was observed regardless of whether participants attempted to generate arguments that either agreed or disagreed with the position of the arguments they studied. The effect was significantly reduced, however, and even numerically reversed, when participants generated arguments that were highly related to the studied arguments. This finding fits well with previous research on retrieval-induced forgetting, which has shown that the retrieval or generation of new information fails to cause the forgetting of old information when the two types of information are well integrated or semantically associated.
Orientation Correction for a 3D Hand Motion Tracking Interface Using Inertial Measurement Units

This paper outlines the use of an orientation correction algorithm for a miniature commercial-grade Inertial Measurement Unit to improve orientation tracking of human hand motion and also to improve 3D User Interfaces experience to become more realistic. The algorithm uses the combination of gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer measurements to eliminate the drift in orientation measurement which is caused by the accumulation of the bias offset error in the gyroscope readings. The algorithm consists of three parts, which are: (1) bias offset estimation, (2) quaternion correction using gravity vector and magnetic North vector, and (3) quaternion interpolation. The bias offset estimation is performed during periods when the sensor is estimated to be static, when the gyroscope reading would provide only the bias offset error for prediction. The quaternion was calculated based on unbiased angular velocity and then used to rotate the gravity vector and magnetic North vector in the Earth’s frame resulting in the calculated gravity vector and magnetic North vector in the sensor’s frame. The angular errors between calculated and measured gravity vector and the angle between calculated and measured magnetic North vector are used to calculate the correction quaternion that must be applied to the previous quaternion result. The result of the orientation estimation using this algorithm can be used to track the orientation of human hand motion with less drift and improved orientation accuracy than achieved with the on-board Kalman-based orientation filtering.
Packaging pDNA by Polymeric ABC Micelles Simultaneously Achieves Colloidal Stability and Structural Control

Compaction of DNA by oppositely charged nanoparticles is a fundamental phenomenon in nature and of great interest to developing therapeutics. In addition, the ability to orthogonally control the composition and structure of interpolyelectrolyte complexes is needed to develop materials for diverse applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the complexation of plasmid DNA and polymeric cationic AB and ABC micelles to explore the influence of micelle outer nonionic corona length on the colloidal stability, size, composition, and structure of the resulting “micelleplexes”. The micelles were self-assembled from amphiphilic block polymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PDMAEMA-b-PnBMA), and PDMAEMA-b-PnBMA with the same Mn of PDMAEMA. These spherical micelles have similar hydrodynamic radii and core sizes, but the Mn of the outer PEG block ranged from 0 to 10 kDa. The colloidal stability of micelleplexes as a function of st...
Renal Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Renal manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have evolved as RA management has improved. In the past, older disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, uncontrolled systemic inflammation, and chronic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use contributed to kidney disease. Over time, the use of methotrexate and biologic medications, decrease in NSAID use, and a treat-to-target strategy have contributed to a decrease in renal manifestations. Chronic kidney disease in RA now is more likely to be caused by cardiovascular risk factors than uncontrolled RA disease severity. In patients with renal dysfunction, NSAIDs, methotrexate, and tofacitinib may need to be adjusted or avoided to prevent adverse events.
Intersectional Trauma-Informed Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Services: Narrowing the Gap between IPV Service Delivery and Survivor Needs

Over the past 50 years, programs serving intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors have expanded nationally. However, despite IPV program growth service gaps remain, particularly for the most marginalized and vulnerable survivor populations. Emerging practice models call for reimagining current IPV service delivery within an intersectional feminist, trauma-informed framework. An overview of intersectional (e.g. survivor-centered, full-frame, culturally specific) and trauma-informed IPV service approaches will be presented highlighting their shared emphasis on power sharing, authentic survivor-advocate relationships, individualized services, and robust systems advocacy. These approaches have the potential to transform IPV services and narrow service gaps if organizations can embed key elements into program design, implementation and evaluation processes. Recommendations for moving the IPV field forward include: 1) expanding survivors’ roles/input; 2) strengthening funding streams and organizational commitment to anti-oppressive, survivor-defined, trauma-informed services; 3) forging cross-sector advocacy relationships; and 4) building knowledge through research and evaluation.
Fusion of Community Structures in Multiplex Networks by Label Constraints

We develop a Belief Propagation algorithm for community detection problem in multiplex networks, which more accurately represents many real-world systems. Previous works have established that real world multiplex networks exhibit redundant structures/communities, and that community detection performance improves by aggregating (fusing) redundant layers which are generated from the same Stochastic Block Model (SBM). We introduce a probability model for generic multiplex networks, aiming to fuse community structure across layers, without assuming or seeking the same SBM generative model for different layers. Numerical experiment shows that our model finds out consistent communities between layers and yields a significant detectability improvement over the single layer architecture. Our model also achieves a comparable performance to a reference model where we assume consistent communities in prior. Finally we compare our method with multilayer modularity optimization in heterogeneous networks, and show that our method detects correct community labels more reliably.
Predicted Risk for Exacerbation of Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia from Indiscriminate Postrace Intravenous Hydration of Ultramarathon Runners.

Abstract Background Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) can be exacerbated by aggressive hydration. Objective This work predicts the percentage of athletes at risk for exacerbation of EAH from indiscriminate hydration after an ultramarathon. Methods Postrace serum sodium, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), and urea nitrogen concentrations were determined for 161-km ultramarathon participants. Body mass was measured prior to and immediately after the race. Incidents when serum CK was > 20,000 U/L or creatinine ≥ 1.5 times estimated baseline were considered to be “at risk for receiving I.V. hydration” if presenting to a hospital. Those with EAH without body mass loss during the race were considered “overhydrated” and “at risk for EAH exacerbation.” Results Among 627 finishers, 16 (2.6%) were at risk for EAH exacerbation. Considering 421 observations at risk for receiving I.V. hydration, 16 (47.1%) of the 34 observations with EAH were at risk for EAH exacerbation. Among those at risk for receiving I.V. hydration and with EAH, serum urea nitrogen and creatine concentration as a multiple of estimated baseline were lower (p Conclusions Whether in the field or hospital setting, I.V. hydration of an athlete after an ultramarathon carries a notable risk for exacerbating EAH, so clinicians should use caution when hydrating athletes after endurance events.
Do certificate of need regulations impact total shoulder arthroplasty volumes and associated complication rates

ABSTRACTObjectives: Certificates of Need (CON) laws were introduced to improve resource utilization and reduce unnecessary health-care expansion. While many states have repealed their use, the deba...
Differences in fungicide resistance profiles and multiple resistance to a quinone-outside inhibitor (QoI), two succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), and a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) for two Stagonosporopsis species causing gummy stem blight of cucurbits

Background Gummy stem blight (GSB) is a devastating disease of cucurbits that has been effectively managed with fungicide applications. However, the Stagonosporopsis spp. that cause GSB have rapidly evolved resistance to multiple classes of fungicides. To better understand the evolution and persistence of fungicide resistance in field populations, resistance profiles of unique and clonal genotypes of 113 Stagonosporopsis citrulli and 19 S. caricae isolates to four different fungicides were determined based on in vitro mycelial growth assays and molecular markers based on genes encoding fungicide targets. Results All 19 S. caricae isolates screened were resistant to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin, and sensitive to boscalid and fluopyram. All 113 S. citrulli isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and sensitive to fluopyram, with one exception that was fluopyram-resistant. All isolates of S. citrulli except two were resistant to azoxystrobin. Phenotypic differences in response to boscalid were detected among S. citrulli isolates, but the phenotypes were not associated with multilocus genotypes (MLG) determined by 16 microsatellite loci. Additionally, isolates sharing the same MLG varied by SdhB genotype. A unique mutation of I229V in SdhB, a target of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides, was detected for the fluopyram-resistant isolate of S. citrulli. Conclusion Both the lack of association of fungicide resistance profiles with genetic similarity of isolates based on microsatellite loci and the finding that widely distributed MLG varied in fungicide resistance profiles suggest that independent evolutionary events for resistance to boscalid have likely occurred. Frequent genetic recombination within populations may be responsible for resistance to multiple fungicides. This study provides useful information for effectively managing both species of GSB fungi present in the southeastern USA and understanding the evolution of fungicide resistance within populations of plant-pathogenic fungi. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improving fracture strength of fused filament fabrication parts via thermal annealing in a printed support shell

Polymeric structures fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF) have limited use in engineering applications as a result of their poor inter-laminar bonding. In this study, we utilize a dual-material print head to encase a low glass transition temperature (Tg) polymer (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) within a high-Tg shell (polycarbonate). The resulting structure, if annealed at a temperature between the core and shell polymer Tg values, creates a tough interior with high inter-laminar strength while retaining the as-printed three-dimensional geometry of the part. Fracture toughness of annealed, shelled parts was evaluated using single edge notch bend (SENB) fracture specimens and reached values more than 1800% higher than unannealed specimens. Importantly, the annealed specimens exhibited consistent ductile failure and plastic deformation, unlike the as-printed parts which exhibited brittle inter-laminar fracture. Parts with complex geometries are presented to demonstrate geometric stability during annealing and a practical load bearing application.
Review of Wildfire Management Techniques—Part II: Urgent Call for Investment in Research and Development of Preventative Solutions

In this part of the paper (Part II), available technical solutions to minimize or prevent wildfires caused by power networks are reviewed in more detail. These methods include fundamental changes to power system equipment, periodic checkups and maintenance, identification of faults via voltage/current waveforms, changes to protection and relaying settings and coordination, and installation of new power system apparatus. The strengths and drawbacks of each method are discussed. The discussion section brainstorms some future possible solutions that smart-grid technologies can enable. The paper concludes that there has neither been enough research in universities nor enough investment by industry to develop viable preventive solutions for wildfires that initiate from the daily operation of electrical power grids. This, in the authors’ opinion, is the crucial time for investment in research and development to tackle the lethal wildfire problem while electric power networks offer “the lowest hanging fruits to pick.”
Sexual function and distress in postmenopausal women with chronic insomnia: exploring the role of stress dysregulation.

Objective Menopause triggers changes in sexual function and many women develop sexual problems. Insomnia is common in postmenopausal women, and disturbed sleep has been linked to poor sexual health. Thus, postmenopausal women with insomnia may be especially vulnerable to developing sexual difficulties. This study estimated rates of sexual distress in postmenopausal women with chronic insomnia and explored associations between various facets of sexual health, insomnia symptoms, and insomnia-related stress dysregulation. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Large multi-site health system in the US. Participants 150 postmenopausal women diagnosed with DSM-5 chronic insomnia disorder (56.44±5.64 years) completed measures of sexual distress, sexual function, hot flashes, insomnia symptoms, depression, and stress dysregulation in the forms of cognitive-emotional arousal (worry, rumination), sleep reactivity, and somatic hyperarousal. Results Nearly half of the sample endorsed clinically significant sexual distress (46.9%). Insomnia symptoms were largely associated with poor sexual arousal, orgasmic dysfunction, sexual distress, and sexual dissatisfaction. Insomnia-related stress dysregulation was similarly associated with these facets of sexual health but was also linked to problems with low desire and greater vaginal pain during sex. Hot flashes and depression were negatively associated with sexual health. Conclusion Postmenopausal women with chronic insomnia endorse high rates of sexual distress. Although compromised sexual function appears directly related to poor sleep itself, our data suggest that stress dysregulation may play vital role in sexual problems endorsed by postmenopausal insomniacs, particularly regarding low desire and vaginal pain. Prospective research is needed to characterize the evolution of these co-occurring symptoms.
Genre Knowledge and Writing Development: Results from the Writing Transfer Project.

Using a mixed-methods, multi-institutional design of general education writing courses at four institutions, this study examined genre as a key factor for understanding and promoting writing develo...
Anatomy and Flight Performance of the Early Enantiornithine Bird Protopteryx fengningensis: Information from New Specimens of the Early Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of China.

The Early Cretaceous (∼131 Million Years Ago) Protopteryx fengningensis is one of the oldest and most primitive enantiornithine birds; however, knowledge of its anatomy has largely been limited to the succinct description of two specimens (holotype and paratype). This study describes two new specimens of P. fengningensis preserving most of the skeleton and plumage, and it therefore adds significantly to understanding the morphology of this important species and the character evolution of enantiornithine birds. The well-preserved plumage of these specimens also affords a quantitative assessment of the flight performance of P. fengningensis. Our aerodynamic considerations indicate that this early enantiornithine was capable of intermittent flight (bounding or flap-gliding), thus marking the earliest occurrence of such energy-saving aerial strategy. Anat Rec, 303:716-731, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Prevalence and impact of underlying diagnosis and comorbidities on Chiari 1 malformation

Abstract Background Chiari malformation type 1 affects approximately one in 1,000 people symptomatically, although one in 100 meet radiological criteria, making it a common neurological disorder. The diagnosis of underlying conditions has become more sophisticated, and new radiological markers of disease have been described. We sought to determine the prevalence and impact of additional comorbidities and underlying diagnoses in patients with Chiari malformation type 1 on symptomatology and surgical treatment. Methods A retrospective review of 612 pediatric patients with a Chiari malformation type 1 diagnosis and imaging data evaluated between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Because of extensive clinical heterogeneity, patients were separated into four categories based on their primary comorbidities (nonsyndromic, central nervous system, skeletal, and multiple congenital anomalies) to identify associations with age of onset, radiographic measurements, syringomyelia, and surgical treatment. Results The largest group had nonsyndromic Chiari malformation type 1 (70%) and the latest age at diagnosis of any group. In the syndromic group, 6% were diagnosed with a known genetic abnormality, with overgrowth syndromes being the most common. Patients with multiple congenital anomalies had the earliest Chiari malformation type 1 onset, the most severe tonsillar ectopia and obex position, and were overrepresented among surgical cases. Although there were no statistically significant differences between groups and rates of syrinx, we observed differences in individual diagnoses. Conclusion The underlying diagnoses and presence of comorbidities in patients with Chiari malformation type 1 impacts rates of syringomyelia and surgery. Although most Chiari malformation type 1 cases are nonsyndromic, clinical evaluation of growth parameters, scoliosis, and joint hypermobility should be routine for all patients as they are useful to determine syringomyelia risk and may impact treatment.