cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Load-carriage distance run and push-ups tests: no body mass bias and occupationally relevant.

ABSTRACTRecent research has demonstrated body mass (M) bias in military physical fitness tests favoring lighter, not just leaner, service members. Mathematical modeling predicts that a distance run carrying a backpack of 30 lbs would eliminate M-bias. The purpose of this study was to empirically test this prediction for the U.S. Army push-ups and 2-mile run tests. Two tests were performed for both events for each of 56 university Reserve Officer Training Corps male cadets: with (loaded) and without backpack (unloaded). Results indicated significant M-bias in the unloaded and no M-bias in the loaded condition for both events. Allometrically scaled scores for both events were worse in the loaded vs. unloaded conditions, supporting a hypothesis not previously tested. The loaded push-ups and 2-mile run appear to remove M-bias and are probably more occupationally relevant as military personnel are often expected to carry external loads.
Effects of acetaminophen on hepatic microcirculation in mice.

Acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication from overdosing can result in severe hepatic damage, which is characterized by hemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis and by towering the levels of transaminase. The APAP-induced hepatic necrosis is preceded by centrilobular microvascular congestion thought to be due to collapse of the sinusoidal wall and the infiltration of blood elements into the space of Disse [1]. These findings suggest that, in addition to direct hepatocellular damage, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) participate in liver injury elicited by APAP overdose. As a result, the present study was conducted to examine changes in hepatic microcirculation after APAP administration using in vivo microscopic methods.
Data Mining & Possibly Imprecise Granular Causal Complexes

Causal reasoning occupies a central position in human reasoning, particularly in decision-making. Causal relationships found from mining data have a high decision value. When events happen, there are usually related events. The entire collection of events is called a complex. Complexes group finer-grained elements into larger-grained elements. Complete knowledge of all possible causal factors could lead to a crisp causal understanding. However, knowledge of at least some causal factors is inherently imprecise. It is unlikely that complete knowledge of all possible factors can be known for many subjects. What events are in the complex may not be known; nor, what constraints and laws the complex is subject to. Consequently, causal knowledge is often incomplete. Whether or not all of the elements are precisely known, commonsense understanding recognizes that a complex of elements may cause an effect. Commonsense perception of causality is often large-grained even though the underlying causal structures may be fine-grained. Usually, commonsense reasoning is more successful in reasoning about a few larger-grained events than many finer-grained events. However, the larger-grained objects are necessarily more imprecise than some of their components. A satisficing solution might be to develop large-grained solutions and only use finer-grained information when the impreciseness of the large-grain is unsatisfactory.
Babies in Distress Malignant Hyperthermia in Infancy Explored

There has been international debate on the infrequent occurrence of malignant hyperthermia in infants, where some reports state that this phenomenon does not exist in this age group; but the vast majority of studies counteract this argument. The proportion of documented cases in the infant population warrants a good review of cases and description of symptomatology observed with malignant hyperthermia in this cohort. It is paramount for clinicians of the pediatric population to recognize patients at risk of having a crisis, and to communicate this concern to the surgical/anesthetic team and also to be cognizant of the level of care necessary following a crisis.
Sea Battle Semantics

The assumption that the future is open makes well known problems for traditional semantics. According to a commonly held intuition, today's occurrence of the sentence ‘There will be a sea battle tomorrow’, while truth-valueless today, will have a determinate truth-value by tomorrow night. Yet given traditional semantics, sentences that are truth-valueless now cannot later ‘become’ true. Relativistic semantics has been claimed to do a better job of accommodating intuitions about future contingents than non-relativistic semantics does. However, intuitions about future contingents cannot by themselves give good reasons for shifting to a new paradigm, for despite the initial appearances, standard non-relativistic semantics (plus an account of truth-value gaps) can accommodate both intuitions about future contingents.
New in situ mouse model to quantify alveolar epithelial fluid clearance

Because the availability of transgenic mice makes it possible to examine the contribution of single genes to in vivo function, we developed a simple in situ mouse model that can be used to quantify...
Sustainable Plant Protection Within Sustainable Fruit Growing - an American Experience

Sustainability means many things to many people; it is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for man and the natural environment, both now and in the future. In sustainable fruit growing, the thee E’s of sustainability, Environmentally sound, Economically viable and socially Equitable must be combined with the three E’s of crop protection, i.e. Effectiveness, Efficiency and the Environment. This paper details aspects of pesticide management within sustainable fruit production within the USA. The use of a workbook as an educational tool is discussed along with other methods of extension support such as bulletins and fact sheets. The introduction of a training course to ensure operators are aware of good spraying techniques is also highlighted. Application technology research at Cornell University is also presented, outlining methods such as reducing and directing airflow, and nozzle orientation to improve pesticide deposition and reduce drift.
Measurement, Reduced Transaction Costs, and the Ethics of Efficient Markets for Human, Social, and Natural Capital

Measurement quality is a fundamental factor in determining the cost of transactions within organizations and markets. A huge gulf separates the meaningfulness and precision of business metrics as currently achieved from the quality that has been routinely obtained for decades in research and in limited commercial applications. The transformation of ordinal, instrument-dependent, and nonlinear test, survey, and assessment scores into interval, invariant, and linear measures stands as a major technical achievement of the last 80 years. Unfortunately, few in business or economics are aware of these advances or their implications for the efficiencies of markets for intangible assets. This essay links the state of the art in measurement theory and practice to recent work (a) integrating human, social, and natural capital into a comprehensive economic framework, (b) presenting the pursuit of perfection as the ideal of lean production, (c) on the ethics of transparent representation, and (d) describing the co-production of social orders across scientific, economic, and political domains. The essay concludes with a brief listing of the advantages of improved measurement, how they might contribute to the establishment of an Intangible Assets Metric System, and the need to harness the energy of the profit motive as the driver for the re-invention of capitalism as a system that rewards value for life.
Subtleties of hidden quantifiers in implication

Barbara Shipman is an Associate Professor and Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Texas at Arlington. She completed her doctoral studies in mathematics at the University of Arizona, where she initiated the Department’s student-led graduate seminar. Before coming to Texas, Dr. Shipman held a three-year position at the University of Rochester, New York. To complement her work at the interface of differential geometry and dynamical systems, she enjoys rethinking foundational concepts and definitions in new and insightful ways. Dr. Shipman has received support from the National Science Foundation, as well as many teaching awards, for her creative work in the classroom, including the 2010 Regents’ Outstanding Teaching Award from the University of Texas System.
Strategic Delay in Global Games

We study strategic uncertainty in an investment coordination game when players have the option to delay acting. Absent the option to delay, the global games literature shows that efficient equilibrium outcomes are possible only when they are also risk dominant. In contrast, we show that when delay is not too costly, strategic uncertainty can encourage delay in such a way that efficient investment occurs whenever it is “worth waiting for.”
Unit 731 and moral repair

Unit 731, a biological warfare research organisation that operated under the authority of the Imperial Japanese Army in the 1930s and 1940s, conducted brutal experiments on thousands of unconsenting subjects. Because of the US interest in the data from these experiments, the perpetrators were not prosecuted and the atrocities are still relatively undiscussed. What counts as meaningful moral repair in this case-what should perpetrators and collaborator communities do decades later? We argue for three non-ideal but realistic forms of moral repair: (1) a national policy in Japan against human experimentation without appropriate informed and voluntary consent; (2) the establishment of a memorial to the victims of Unit 731; and (3) US disclosure about its use of Unit 731 data and an apology for failing to hold the perpetrators accountable.
Attendance of Smynthurodes betae (Homoptera: Aphididae) by Solenopsis molesta and Tetramorium caespitum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Root aphids are more or less dependent upon a few species of ants for survival. According to Rainwater (1935), the white cotton root aphid[2][1] Smynthurodes betae (Westwood), is extremely helpless and entirely dependent on ants. Nevertheless, it may cause serious injury to seedling cotton plants at times in the Coastal Plains of the Carolinas (Rainwater 1935), and to squash in Utah (Knowlton 1945). It occurs sparingly on roots of beans, potato, parsnip, Euphorbia sp., and Galium sp., in the Rocky Mountain Region (Palmer 1952). [1]: #fn-2
The Atomic Geometry of the Reconstructed (001) Surface of the Rutile Phase of SnO2

The tight-binding total energy formalism developed for tetrahedrally coordinated compound semiconductors has been extended to rutile-structure oxides and applied to calculate the surface atomic geometry and electronic structure of SnO2 (001). Two stable structures, separated by an energy barrier, are found. The first consists of slightly relaxed surface geometry with the top layer oxygen atoms relaxed outward by approximately 0.12A, and cations inward by 0.25A. The second geometry is a more massively reconstructed surface in which the four-coordinate surface Sn atoms attain highly distorted tetrahedral coordination.
Cavitation in Unfired Ceramic Sheets by Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser

Single shot pulses from a Nd:YAG laser were used to generate different sized holes and patterns in tape-cast ceramic sheets for electronic packaging applications. The ceramic sheets were based on formulations in the BaTiO 3 and MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 systems. The single shot laser pulses were targeted using a computer controlled mirror deflection system and a programmed (cavitation) pattern which could readily be modified. Morphology and structure of the drilled holes before and after sintering were examined by SEM. The surface radial temperature profile resulting from the laser pulse was directly mapped using a lacquer thermocoat. Effects of the laser pulse energy and beam spot size on laser/ceramic interactions and cavitation process were also explored.
Ringtail: Feature Selection For Easier Nowcasting.

In recent years, social media “nowcasting”—the use of online user activity to predict various ongoing real-world social phenomena—has become a popular research topic; yet, this popularity has not led to widespread actual practice. We believe a major obstacle to widespread adoption is the feature selection problem. Typical nowcasting systems require the user to choose a set of relevant social media objects, which is difficult, time-consuming, and can imply a statistical background that users may not have. We propose Ringtail, which helps the user choose relevant social media signals. It takes a single user input string (e.g., unemployment) and yields a number of relevant signals the user can use to build a nowcasting model. We evaluate Ringtail on six different topics using a corpus of almost 6 billion tweets, showing that features chosen by Ringtail in a wholly-automated way are better or as good as those from a human and substantially better if Ringtail receives some human assistance. In all cases, Ringtail reduces the burden on the user.
COMBINED AUDIO AND VIDEO ANALYSIS FOR GUITAR CHORD IDENTIFICATION

This paper presents a multi-modal approach to automatically identifying guitar chords using audio and video of the performer. Chord identification is typically performed by analyzing the audio, using a chroma based feature to extract pitch class information, then identifying the chord with the appropriate label. Even if this method proves perfectly accurate, stringed instruments add extra ambiguity as a single chord or melody may be played in different positions on the fretboard. Preserving this information is important, because it signifies the original fingering, and implied “easiest” way to perform the selection. This chord identification system combines analysis of audio to determine the general chord scale (i.e. A major, G minor), and video of the guitarist to determine chord voicing (i.e. open, barred, inversion), to accurately identify the guitar chord.
Histone Deacetylase 5 Is Overexpressed in Scleroderma Endothelial Cells and Impairs Angiogenesis via Repression of Proangiogenic Factors

Objective Vascular dysfunction represents a disease-initiating event in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Results of recent studies suggest that epigenetic dysregulation impairs normal angiogenesis and can result in abnormal patterns of blood vessel growth. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) control endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and regulate EC migration. Specifically, HDAC-5 appears to be antiangiogenic. This study was undertaken to test whether HDAC-5 contributes to impaired angiogenesis in SSc by repressing proangiogenic factors in ECs. Methods Dermal ECs were isolated from patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and healthy controls. Angiogenesis was assessed using an in vitro Matrigel tube formation assay. An assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) was performed to assess and localize the genome-wide effects of HDAC5 knockdown on chromatin accessibility. Results The expression of HDAC5 was significantly increased in ECs from patients with SSc compared to healthy control ECs. Silencing of HDAC5 in SSc ECs restored normal angiogenesis. HDAC5 knockdown followed by ATAC-seq assay in SSc ECs identified key HDAC5-regulated genes involved in angiogenesis and fibrosis, such as CYR61, PVRL2, and FSTL1. Simultaneous knockdown of HDAC5 in conjunction with either CYR61, PVRL2, or FSTL1 inhibited angiogenesis in SSc ECs. Conversely, overexpression of these genes individually led to an increase in tube formation as assessed by Matrigel assay, suggesting that these genes play functional roles in the impairment of angiogenesis in SSc. Conclusion Several novel HDAC5-regulated target genes associated with impaired angiogenesis were identified in SSc ECs by ATAC-seq. The results of this study provide a potential link between epigenetic regulation and impaired angiogenesis in SSc, and identify a novel mechanism for the dysregulated angiogenesis that characterizes this disease.
Examining a Word-Of-Mouth Model in Participant Sport

Previous research on the antecedents and consequences of consumer word-of-mouth behavior in the sport industry is sparse. Pritchard (2003) identified a significant role for word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior in the tourism industry finding that performance positively influenced satisfaction and word-of-mouth behavior, which in turn influenced repatronage intentions. The current study seeks to extend this line of research, more directly examining the antecedents of WOM in a participatory sport context.
Proteins Controlled with Precision at Organic, Polymeric, and Biopolymer Interfaces for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Abstract In living systems, proteins are organized and oriented to deliver signals with precision and specificity. Protein components are widely incorporated into tissue engineering constructs. This chapter discusses how we can integrate signaling proteins into tissue engineering to optimize bioreaction specificity and signal-to-noise. The two major sections of this review article address (1) techniques to measure protein orientation, and (2) methods for orienting proteins to deliver cell communication signals better. Analytical methods briefly described here are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, sum frequency generation, surface plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, and atomic force microscopy. Methods for orienting, controlling, and stabilizing proteins described in this chapter include histidine residue tags, collagen type I, lipid bilayer methods, streptavidin, and hydroxyapatite.
Medical education and re-entry: Finding ways to re-educate the physician who wants to come back to clinical practice

As physicians narrow their scope of practice, take on non-clinical roles or just take time off for personal reasons, a problem has developed for academic and accrediting bodies on how best to deter...
Patterns of population genetic structure and diversity across bumble bee communities in the Pacific Northwest

Patterns of genetic structure and diversity are largely mediated by a species’ ecological niche and sensitivity to climate variation. Some species with narrow ecological niches have been found to exhibit increased population differentiation, limited gene flow across populations, and reduced population genetic diversity. In this study, we examine patterns of population genetic structure and diversity of four bumble bee species that are broadly sympatric, but do not necessarily inhabit the same ecological niche in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Testing for the effect of isolation by geographic distance (IBD) with linearized F st and D est found that Bombus sylvicola and B. mixtus exhibited significant IBD across populations. In contrast, both B. melanopygus and B. flavifrons, two species that are distributed across a broad elevation gradient, exhibited no IBD, a result further corroborated by Bayesian a priori population assignment tests. Furthermore, we discovered that B. sylvicola populations distributed on the Olympic Peninsula have significantly less average allelic diversity than populations distributed in the Cascade Mountains. Our results suggest that populations distributed in the Olympic Mountains represent a distinct genetic cluster relative to the Cascade Mountains, with B. sylvicola and B. mixtus likely experiencing the greatest degree of population genetic differentiation relative to B. flavifrons and B. melanopygus. While bumble bees are known to co-exist across a diversity of habitats, our results demonstrate that underlying population genetic structure and diversity may not necessarily be similar across species, and are largely governed by their respective niches.
COLLEGIATE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS EXHIBIT BETWEEN-LIMB SYMMETRY IN BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCLE STRENGTH, AND RANGE OF MOTION.

Background Functional and structural asymmetries attributed to limb dominance are equivocal in soccer players. Previous authors hypothesize the existence of between-limb asymmetry secondary to the repetitive unilateral nature of kicking. However, symmetry is often present, particularly in measures of muscle strength. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine if lateral dominance is accompanied by corresponding between-limb asymmetries in a comprehensive assessment of body composition, muscle strength, and range of motion in healthy soccer players. Study design Cross-sectional, observational. Methods 17 healthy male NCAA Division One collegiate soccer players participated (age 19.6 ± 1.5 years; BMI 23.9 ± 1.4 kg/m2). Footedness was attained via participant self-report. Lower limb muscle strength (hand held dynamometry), range of motion (goniometry), and body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan) were measured. Lower-leg symmetry was analyzed comparing the dominant versus non-dominant limb using paired t-tests. Results Comparisons revealed no statistically different differences in outcomes, indicating remarkable symmetry in all measures of body composition, muscle strength, and range of motion (p>0.05) between the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs. Conclusions The authors speculate the prevalence of running versus kicking, the longitudinal effects of playing careers, and/or functional compensation attenuates the expected asymmetries in healthy male collegiate soccer players. Level of evidence 2b.
Dynamic contracts for distributed temporal logic control of traffic networks

Contract-based design is a method to synthesize distributed control strategies for large-scale networks of dynamically coupled systems. We propose a framework for using dynamic contracts for controlling traffic networks from temporal logic specifications. Given a traffic network, we partition it into a number of smaller sub-networks and compute a collection of assume-guarantee contracts for their dynamical interconnections. A central supervisor chooses the best contracts optimally according to the current state of the system. We use model predictive control (MPC) to find control sequences optimally for each sub-network subject to its contract obligations to and promises from its neighboring sub-networks. Our method is correct-by-design. A case study on a mixed urban-freeway network is presented, where the objective is infinite-time congestion avoidance and temporal requirements on the traffic lights in the urban intersections.
From First-Person to Third-Person Narrative, and Then to Hakka Ballad: From “Tang Xuan shouji” (Tang Xuan's Manuscript Notes) to “Tang Xuan” to “Tang Xian ji” (The Story of Tang Xian)

The seventeenth of forty chapters on gui 鬼 (ghosts) in Taiping guangji 太平廣記 (Extensive records assembled in the Taiping era; 981) contains a tale called “Tang Xuan” 唐晅.1 It gives its source as Tong...
Verbal Protest Recognition in Children with Autism

Real-time detection of verbal protest (sensory overload-induced crying) in children with autism is a first step towards understanding the precursors of challenging behaviors associated with autism. Detection of verbal protest is useful for both autism researchers interested in exploring just-in-time intervention techniques and researchers interested in audio event detection in routine living environments. In this paper, we examine, adapt, and improve upon two techniques for verbal protest recognition and tailor them for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The first technique investigated is a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with stacking. The second technique uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trained on log Mel-filter banks (LMFB). We proceed to examine accuracy with a focus on real-world false positive rates and minimization of dataset biases through the introduction of noise and input perturbation.
Procedural Module: Flexible Cystoscopy.

Abstract Introduction: Cystoscopy is a basic urologic skill necessary for the endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and bladder. Presented is a step-by-step guide for flexible cystoscopy of the male...
Responses to Clonidine in Acute and Remitted Depressed Patients

A variety of studies reporting abnormal hormone responses to noradrenergic challenges point toward the possibility that a blunted growth hormone response to clonidine, reflecting decreased a2-adrenergic responsiveness, may constitute a trait or vulnerability marker for depression. These results contrast with preliminary data suggesting greater state dependence of indices of noradrenergic output, such as concentrations of the noradrenergic metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) and hormones such as cortisol in biologic fluids.
Proposition 8 and the Future of American Same-Sex Marriage Activism

This short Essay represents an attempt to encourage all participants in the same-sex marriage debate to engage in new thinking, new alliances, and new tactics. By critically examining the California and Connecticut Supreme Courts’ recent un-empirical and under-theorized claims as to gay and lesbian dignity, I aim to strip away the veneer of obviousness that attaches to presently popular (if unexamined) gay and lesbian dignity claims. In doing so, I argue that these dignity claims neither necessarily win the battle for same-sex marriage, nor necessarily result in the best legal situation for gay and lesbian people, with their distinct needs, expectations, and desires with respect to family law. My project then is a homo-philic one that is interested in gay and lesbian dignity, but finds it in places other than majoritarian marriage.
Chemical Peels: Trichloroacetic Acid and Phenol

Chemical peeling is the most widely used modality for treating photoaged skin. The classification, indications, techniques, complications, and histology of two of the most widely used peeling agents, trichloroacetic acid and phenol, are presented.
On the normative variability of truth and logic

This paper discusses the normativity of truth and logic. The paper has three objectives. First, I argue that logic is normative for thought in (at least) the sense of underwriting instrumental rati...
Culture and institutions. Part II

A growing body of empirical work measuring different types of cultural traits has shown that culture matters for a variety of economic outcomes. This paper focuses on one specific aspect of the relevance of culture: its relationship to institutions. We review work with a theoretical, empirical, and historical bent to assess the presence of a two-way causal effect between culture and institutions. The first part of the paper provides the main definitions and discusses the difficulties associated with the quantitative analysis of this effect. It also features a map of cultural traits used in economics and of their correlations.
Risk of Hepatocellular Cancer Recurrence in Hepatitis C Virus+ Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents.

With advent of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA), hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is dramatically increasing. Although few studies reported rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence following DAA treatment, there have been no studies that followed sufficient number of DAA-treated patients after successful HCC treatment to examine HCC recurrence. We conducted a cohort study of HCV+ patients who had successfully treated HCC before initiating DAAs. We conducted medical record reviews to confirm HCC diagnosis, treatment, and remission prior to DAA initiation, and subsequent HCC recurrence. We calculated HCC recurrence rate and examined the recurrent tumor characteristics. We used Cox proportional hazard model to identify factors associated with HCC recurrence. We identified 264 HCV+ patients who received DAAs after an average of 30.9 (20.6) months following HCC treatment. HCC recurred in 26.1% patients during 23.3 (9.8) months follow-up, at a rate of 0.38 [0.30, 0.48] per 1000 person-month. Most (82.3%) recurrent HCC were early stage. Receiving non-curative treatment for HCC was associated with a higher risk of recurrence than curative treatment (HRadj = 2.06, [1.24, 3.40]). The risk of HCC recurrence decreased with longer duration between HCC treatment completion and DAA initiation (HRadj = 0.97, [0.95, 0.99] per additional month). Compared with patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR), those without SVR had significantly increased risk of HCC recurrence (HRadj = 4.17, [1.48, 11.75]). We conclude that most HCV+ patients with HCC benefit from DAA treatment; however, timing of DAA initiation after HCC treatment should be carefully considered.
A practical perspective of fluid (gas or liquid) - Solid adsorption equilibrium

Abstract The fluid (gas or liquid) – solid adsorption equilibrium is a core thermodynamic property of an adsorbate-adsorbent system for establishing the efficiency of separation of a fluid mixture by an adsorptive process and for selection of an optimum adsorbent for a specified separation duty. The shape of an equilibrium adsorption isotherm of a pure gas or those for the components of a gas mixture are determined by the nature of the adsorbate-adsorbent pair, the system temperature, the porosity of the adsorbent, and the energetic heterogeneity of the adsorbent. The same factors also determine the shape of an equilibrium isotherm of a binary liquid mixture. The published literature on this subject is vast. The purpose of this article is not to review the literature but to provide a systematic practical perspective of the subject. Analytical models for fluid-solid adsorption isotherms facilitate numerical simulation of separation process performance using mathematical process models. However, the practically viable isotherm models must obey several physical and thermodynamic constraints. A selection of such isotherm models for pure and multi-component gas and binary liquid mixtures is presented. It may not, however, be possible to a priori chose a reliable isotherm model for a system of interest without extensively testing the model using experimental isotherm data for that system. The same conclusion applies to theoretical concepts for (a) predicting multi-component gas-solid adsorption equilibria from the corresponding pure gas adsorption equilibria, (b) coalescing adsorption isotherms of different pure gases at different temperatures and (c) coalescing isotherms for adsorption of trace components from a mixture (gas or a liquid) into a single characteristic curve on a given adsorbent for predictive purposes.
Undergraduate Internships: Conflicting Interests

Internships are becoming an important component in undergraduate programs across a wide range of disciplines. Escalating financial and scheduling conflicts have been found to force students to make difficult decisions regarding participation. This mixed methods case study was conducted in a human services undergraduate program that requires a 450-clock hour internship. It was hypothesized that a majority of students would recommend either a shorter internship, or elimination of the requirement entirely. The opposite was found. A significant majority ( X 2 [2, n = 86] = 47.53, p < .001) believed that the 450-clock hour internship was the appropriate length. This was consistent for females and non-traditional students, two at-risk groups for financial and scheduling conflicts. Qualitative responses suggested that students found successful ways to address the financial and scheduling concerns. This study provides support that students believe in the benefits of internship, even when facing financial and scheduling conflicts.
Representations for Continuous Time Processes

In previous chapters we developed and applied representations for the large deviation analysis of discrete time processes. The derivation of useful representations in this setting follows from a straightforward application of the chain rule. The only significant issue is to decide on the ordering used for the underlying “driving noises” when the chain rule is applied, since controls are allowed to depend on the “past,” which is determined by this ordering.
Vision-Based Deep Learning Approach for Real-Time Detection of Weeds in Organic Farming

Vision-based detection and classification systems for identifying crops and weeds in captured color images have recently being extensively researched due to the advantages that they offer. The use of chemical or synthetic pesticides could drastically be reduced. One of the critical aspects of these systems is the requirement for high data volumes and the resulting lack of real time capability. This paper presents a method for detecting weeds in carrot fields in real time without segmentation and the need of a large dataset. In most vision-based measurement systems the task is divided into multiple processes like separating the objects from the background followed by the detection of the object and lastly the object classification. Our approach uses a convolution neural network to localize and classify the plants simultaneously. A precision of 89 % was achieved with a calculation rate of 18,56 FPS. A lower precision was accepted in favor of a higher calculation rate of about 56 FPS. We implemented and evaluated our system using a multi-platform robot on an organic carrot field located in Germany.
A Bioinformatics Primer to Data Science, with Examples for Metabolomics

With the increasing importance of big data in biomedicine, skills in data science are a foundation for the individual career development and for the progress of science. This chapter is a practical guide to working with high-throughput biomedical data. It covers how to understand and set up the computing environment, to start a research project with proper and effective data management, and to perform common bioinformatics tasks such as data wrangling, quality control, statistical analysis, and visualization, with examples on metabolomics data. Concepts and tools related to coding and scripting are discussed. Version control, knitr and Jupyter notebooks are important to project management, collaboration, and research reproducibility. Overall, this chapter describes a core set of skills to work in bioinformatics, and can serve as a reference text at the level of a graduate course and interfacing with data science.
Push–Pull Class $\Phi _{\text{2}}$ RF Power Amplifier

The Class $\Phi _\text{2}$ /EF $_{\text{2}}$ amplifier is an attractive topology for high-voltage and high-frequency power conversion because of the high efficiency, reduced device voltage stress, simplicity of gate driving, and load-independent ZVS operation. Due to many degrees of freedom for tuning, previous studies can only solve the single-ended $\Phi _\text{2}$ circuit using numerical methods. This work focuses on improving the design and operating characteristics of a push–pull $\Phi _\text{2}$ amplifier with a $T$ network connected between the switch nodes, or a PPT $\Phi _\text{2}$ amplifier. The PPT $\Phi _\text{2}$ amplifier has less circulating energy and achieves higher cutoff frequency $f_{T}$ than other $\Phi _\text{2}$ /EF $_{2}$ circuits. We, then, present a series-stacked input configuration to reduce the switch voltage stress and improve the efficiency and power density. A compact 6.78-MHz, 100-V, 300-W prototype converter is demonstrated that uses low-cost Si devices and achieves 96% peak total efficiency and maintains above 94.5% drain efficiency across a wide range of voltage and power. Together with the advances in wide-bandgap semiconductors and magnetic materials, the PPT $\Phi _\text{2}$ circuit opens more possibilities for the state-of-the-art performance of solid-state RF amplifiers in high-frequency, high-power applications, including wireless charging for electric vehicles, plasma RF drives, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Venous Thromboembolism Treatment and Prevention in Cancer Patients: Can We Use Pills Yet?

Cancer increases a patient’s risk for developing a venous thromboembolism (VTE) and is a relatively common finding in this population. Traditionally, anticoagulants used to treat VTE have included low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA). However, within the last several years, a newer class of anticoagulant, the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), has emerged as a potential option for pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and for treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. While data is still limited and evolving, DOACs offer several benefits that are worth considering, including ease of administration and similar efficacy compared to LMWH in preventing recurrent VTE. However, some studies have reported a notable risk of increased bleeding associated with the use of DOACs. Additional studies are underway to evaluate the role of DOACs compared to LMWH in the setting of cancer. In our practice, based on existing data, we have been using DOACs for the chronic treatment of acute VTE and prevention of recurrent VTE in patients who do not have contraindications to anticoagulation and do not have severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min). For cancer patients admitted to the hospital with an acute medical illness, we use LMWH for primary prevention of VTE. In the perioperative setting, for patients undergoing major surgery with an active cancer, we prefer pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis with LMWH, although there is some emerging evidence that DOACs may be safe in this setting.
Movements and Autopathographies

No abstract available. Corrigendum Correction of: https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v40i1.7470 The authors of the editorial introduction entitled "Rhetorical and Reviewing Acts of Transformation and Cunning (on a cloudy day)" [ Disability Studies Quarterly Vol. 40, No. 1, 2020] incorrectly cited the publisher for Jay Dolmage's Disability Rhetoric. The correct publisher should read: Syracuse UP. The correction notice is published in Disability Studies Quarterly Vol. 40, No. 2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v40i2.7638 .
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid He 3

The thernuil conductivity (K) of He/sup 3/ is measured from 0.026 to 0.2 deg K around 10 cm Hg. Below 0.04 deg K, it is found that K approximately 1/T; the data below 0.04 deg K are correlated to the quasi-particle model. (T.F.H.)
The Pediatric Athlete

The participation of children in sporting activities provides physical, social, emotional, and psychological benefits, not without risk of injury. As we promote physical activity in this population, it is our responsibility to ensure their physical and mental health. The developmental timeline, skeletal maturity, and specific anatomic considerations must be understood and acknowledged by the physician in order to properly assess, diagnose, and treat young athletes. Acute injuries mostly occur due to contact mechanism, while overuse injuries are often related to fatigue, biomechanical alterations, and early specialization. Management must be individualized considering factors such as skeletal, metal, and chronological maturity, level of competition, and support system. The sports medicine physician serves as a diagnostician, healer, and advocate for the young athlete.
Factor structure of the BDI-II in Parkinson's disease.

Objective There is substantial heterogeneity in depressive symptomology for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is unknown whether the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) is capable of identifying such phenotypic variations of depression. Method We investigated the factor structure of the BDI-II and its associations with demographic characteristics and other nonmotor symptoms in PD. We reviewed the cases of 236 patients with a confirmed PD diagnosis. Evaluations included the BDI-II, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Apathy Scale (AS), and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). We used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) with target rotations as this method integrates aspects of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We conducted hierarchical regressions to assess for associations between the BDI-II factors and gender, age, education, disease duration, cognition, anxiety, and apathy. Results ESEM supported the retention of a Somatic factor and an Affective factor that accounted for 53% of the model variance. Model goodness-of-fit measures were within normal limits. Higher AS scores were positively associated with the Somatic and Affective factors. Higher GAI scores were positively associated only with the Affective factor. There were no other significant relationships with factor scores. Conclusions This study supports the retention of a two-factor model of the BDI-II in PD. These unique clusters of depressive symptoms in PD can be used to guide clinical decisions about the need for further psychiatric evaluation and the appropriateness of different therapeutic interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Through the Fog.

Through the Fog Faced with a delirious patient whose life story resembles his own, a physician finds a way to break through the fog. How often have we treated patients with delirium without underst...
Regional Nodal Irradiation for Clinically Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients With Pathologic Negative Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Abstract Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly used for operable breast cancer (BC). Appropriate radiation therapy (RT) fields (ie, whole breast [WB] ± regional nodal irradiation [RNI]) in patients who were clinically node positive (cN1) but convert to pathologically node negative (ypN0) after NAC are unknown and the subject of the accruing NSABP B-51 trial. We sought to compare outcomes between WB RT with or without RNI following breast conservation and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone in cN1, ypN0 women following NAC. Patients and Methods We identified all BC patients with cN1, ypN0 who underwent NAC followed by lumpectomy and SLNB between 2006 and 2015 in the National Cancer Database. RNI utilization was evaluated using Cochran-Armitage test. Overall survival between WB RT alone versus WB + RNI was compared using Kaplan-Meier with and without propensity score-based weighted adjustment and multivariable (MVA) Cox proportional hazards. Results From 2006 to 2015, RNI use increased from 48.13% to 62.13% (Pfor trend Conclusion For women with cN1 BC who convert to ypN0 following NAC and breast conserving surgery with SLNB alone, more extensive RNI may not provide a long-term survival benefit. Prospective validation via the NSABP B-51 trial will be essential.
Post-Modern Meditations on Punishment: On the Limits of Reason and the Virtues of Randomization (A Polemic and Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century) (In Spanish)

Since the modern era, the discourse of punishment has cycled through three sets of questions. The first, born of the Enlightenment itself, asked: On what ground does the sovereign have the right to punish? Nietzsche most forcefully, but others as well, argued that the question itself begged its own answer. With the birth of the social sciences, this skepticism gave rise to a second set of questions: What then is the true function of punishment? What is it that we do when we punish? A series of further critiques – of meta-narratives, of functionalism, of scientific objectivity – softened this second line of inquiry and helped shape a third set of questions: What does punishment tell us about ourselves and our culture? What happens now that we have seen what lies around the cultural bend? What question shall we – children of the 21st century – pose of our punishment practices and institutions? This essay argues that we should abandon the misguided project of modernity, recognize once and for all the limits of reason, and turn instead to randomization and chance. In all the modern texts, there always came this moment when the empirical facts ran out or the deductions of principle reached their limit – or both – and yet the reasoning continued. Rather than continue to take these leaps of faith, this essay argues that we should recognize the critical limits of reason and, whenever we reach them, rely instead on randomization. Where our facts run out, where our principles no longer guide us, we should leave the decision-making to the coin toss, the roll of the dice, the lottery draw - in sum, to chance. This essay begins to explore what that would mean in the field of crime and punishment.
Remaining useful life prediction of Aerial Bundled cables in coastal areas using Thermal and Corrosion Degradation models

Insulated aerial bundled cables (ABCs) are preferred over conventional bare conductor cables in electrical distribution system as ABCs are more safe, less prone to electricity pilferage and offers higher reliability. However, the degradation phenomenon of ABCs is sudden as compared to conventional cables especially in coastal areas. Sudden failures of ABCs in coastal areas make the maintenance planning challenging. Hence, accurate reliability estimation is required which can enable timely maintenance planning and in turn reducing the chances of failures. A novel reliability model is reported in this work which is derived from historical failure data of particular type of ABCs coupled with the degradation models. The models are based upon the actual environmental conditions experienced by the cables under study. The actual loading data as well as environmental data of two sites of varying distance from Seashore are used to develop the respective reliability models. The reliability prediction from proposed reliability model is then validated using time to failure computation through comparison of historical infrared thermography based Non-destructive testing (NDT) data, acquired at the sites under study, with reference to NDT measurements acquired from the ruptured/failed cable. The validation indicates the efficacy of the proposed reliability model.
OpenACC Profiling Support for Clang and LLVM using Clacc and TAU

Since its launch in 2010, OpenACC has evolved into one of the most widely used portable programming models for accelerators on HPC systems today. Clacc is a project funded by the US Exascale Computing Project (ECP) to bring OpenACC support for C and C++ to the popular Clang and LLVM compiler infrastructure. In this paper, we describe Clacc's support for the OpenACC Profiling Interface, a critical component of the OpenACC specification that standardizes an interface that profiling tools and libraries can depend upon across OpenACC implementations. As part of Clacc's general strategy to build OpenACC support upon OpenMP, we describe how Clacc builds OpenACC Profiling Interface support upon an extended version of OMPT. We then describe how a major profiling and tracing toolkit within ECP, the TAU Performance System, takes advantage of this support. We also describe TAU's selective instrumentation support for OpenACC. Finally, using Clacc and TAU, we present example visualizations for several SPEC ACCEL OpenACC benchmarks running on an IBM AC922 node, and we show that the associated performance overhead is negligible.
Prime Decomposition in Iterated Towers and Discriminant Formulae

PRIME DECOMPOSITION IN ITERATED TOWERS AND DISCRIMINANT FORMULAE MAY 2014 T. ALDEN GASSERT, B.S. BOWDOIN COLLEGE M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor FARSHID HAJIR We explore certain arithmetic properties of iterated extensions. Namely, we compute the index associated to certain families of iterated polynomials and determine the decomposition of prime ideals in others.