cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The stability of immunoglobulin a in human milk and saliva stored on filter paper at ambient temperature.

Objectives: Immunoglobulin A dominates mucosal surfaces and is a biomarker of interest in populations with a high disease burden. The objectives of this work are to describe an ELISA for IgA and test the stability of storage on filter paper for human milk and saliva collection to be used in remote field locations. Methods: A two-site sandwich ELISA for IgA was developed. To test filter paper storage capabilities under field conditions, 248 matched whole and dried human milk filter paper samples and 251 matched whole and dried saliva samples were collected from northern Kenyan women. Whole samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen while dried samples were stored at ambient temperature for up to 8 weeks. Recovered dried IgA levels were compared to whole IgA levels and adjusted for time stored at ambient temperature. Results: The lower limit of quantification for this assay is 10.1 ng/ml. Linearity of dilution for human milk and saliva samples was excellent. High and low-control coefficient of variation values across plates were 9.1 (341.8 ng/ml) and 9.4% (132.5 ng/ml). IgA was detected in all whole and dried samples. There is a moderate concordance between dried and whole samples (R2 = 0.62). There is a small but significant effect of time stored, with a loss of ∼1 μg/ml per day (P = 0.0052). Conclusions: This IgA assay is a cost-effective alternative to commercial secretory IgA kits. Human milk and saliva can be stored on filter paper for up to 8 weeks. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ErrorTracer: design error diagnosis based on fault simulation techniques

This paper addresses the problem of locating error sources in an erroneous combinational or sequential circuit. We use a fault simulation-based technique to approximate each internal signal's correcting power. The correcting power of a particular signal is measured in terms of the signal's correctable set, namely, the maximum set of erroneous input vectors or sequences that can be corrected by resynthesizing the signal. Only the signals that can correct every given erroneous input vector or sequence are considered as a potential error source. Our algorithm offers three major advantages over existing methods. First, unlike symbolic approaches, it is applicable for large circuits. Second, it delivers more accurate results than other simulation-based approaches because it is based on a more stringent condition for identifying potential error sources. Third, it can be generalized to identify multiple errors theoretically. Experimental results on diagnosing combinational and sequential circuits with one and two random errors are presented to show the effectiveness and efficiency of this new approach.
Prejudice Against Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Coaches: The Influence of Race, Religious Fundamentalism, Modern Sexism, and Contact with Sexual Minorities

In drawing from Herek’s (2007, 2009) sexual stigma and prejudice theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among prejudice toward sexual minority coaches, religious fundamentalism, sexism, and sexual prejudice and to determine whether race affected these relationships. The authors collected data from 238 parents. Results indicated that Asians expressed greater sexual prejudice than Latinos and Whites, while African Americans expressed more religious fundamentalism than did Whites. There were also differences in the associations among the variables. For African Americans, sexism held the strongest association with prejudice toward sexual minority coaches. While for Asians and Whites, religious fundamentalism held the strongest association, contact with lesbian and gay friends was a significant predictor of prejudice for Asians, but not for the other groups. For Latinos, both religious fundamentalism and sexism were associated with sexual prejudice. The authors discuss the results in terms of theoretical and practical implications.
Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of seed aging

When seeds deteriorate, they lose vigour and become more sensitive to stresses upon germination. Eventually seeds lose the ability to germinate. The factors which determine the rate of this ‘aging’ are the temperature and moisture content at which seeds are stored and an ill-defined parameter, seed quality. While it has been known for many years that manipulation of these factors influences the longevity of seeds, the precise interactions among them are so poorly understood as to preclude the prediction of longevity for a particular seed lot. Concepts from studies of materials and food stability can be applied to seed aging research, and this may help us take a more integrative approach to understanding the kinetics of seed deterioration. These concepts describe the physical environment of the seed matrix in response to changing water contents and temperature. Water activity models describe the state of water in the seed, while the glass models describe the state of the aqueous solution. Both models presume that changes of state affect the nature and kinetics of chemical reactions. Thus, the physical and chemical environment within the seed are inextricably linked.
Frequency-Dependent Effect of Nitric Oxide Donor Nitroglycerin on Bone

Recently, we showed that supplementation with nitric oxide (NO) via donor nitroglycerin (NG) alleviated the ovariectomy and corticosteroid-induced bone loss in rats. In humans, high doses or frequent applications of NG (i.e., for angina) lead to rapid loss of its efficacy in relieving angina. To examine whether there is a similar effect on the loss of efficacy of NG on bone, we examined the frequency-dependent effects of NG on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mass, trabecular bone volumes (BV/TV), and blood pressure in rats. Thirty 7-month-old female Brown Norway rats underwent ovariectomy, and an additional six rats were sham-operated. The ovariectomized rats were treated either with vehicle (ovariectomized control), 17beta-estradiol (E2; positive control), or 0.2 mg NG (via dermal application) once, twice, or three times a day. Before and at the end of the 10-week treatment period, BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric (DXA) scanning and expressed as a percentage change. BMD in ovariectomized rats was significantly lower (-2.5 +/- 2.0%) compared with the sham-operated rats (+6.3 +/- 5.3%; p < 0.01). Estrogen therapy completely abolished the ovariectomy-induced potential bone loss (+5.9 +/- 3.4%). Application of NG once daily also completely prevented (+6.2 +/- 2.8%; p < 0.01) the ovariectomy-induced bone loss (i.e., it was as effective as estrogen). However, the beneficial effects of NG on BMD were significantly reduced with increased frequency of application of NG (+1.9 +/- 2.1%, twice a day and -0.2 +/- 3.3% three times a day). Estrogen or once daily administration of NG preserved femur weights, BV/TV, and decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline levels as expected. However, a higher level of serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels were maintained only with once daily administration of NG. There were no adverse effects of these doses of NG on blood pressure, but a tendency to lower blood pressure was noticed with increased frequency of NG. These results confirmed our previous findings that NO donors counteract the bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency. However, these beneficial effects of maintaining BMD are lost with increased frequency of NG application.
Section 504 Differences in the Regulations for Secondary and Postsecondary Education

Secondary schools and postsecondary institutions differ in their obligations to students with disabilities under the regulations of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This article presents several of the key differences between Subpart D, which applies to secondary schools, and Subpart E, which applies to postsecondary institutions. Implications of these differences for the transition process are discussed.
The Gold Text Indexing Engine

The proliferation of electronic communication including computer mail, faxes, voice mail, and net news has led to a variety of disjoint applications and usage paradigms that forces users to deal with multiple different user interfaces and access related information arriving over the different communication media separately. To enable users to cope with the overload of information arriving over heterogeneous communication media, we have developed the Gold document handling system that allows users to access all of these forms of communication at once, or to intermix them. The Gold system provides users with an integrated way to send and recieve messages using different media, efficiently store the messages, retrieve the messages based on their contents, and to access a variety of other sources of useful information. At the center of the Gold document handling system is the Gold Text Indexing Engine (GTIE) that provides a full text index over the documents. The paper describes our implementation of GTIE and the concurrency control protocols to ensure consistency of the index in the presence of concurrent operations.
Implementing neural nets with programmable logic

Networks of Boolean programmable logic modules are presented as one purely digital class of artificial neural nets. The approach contrasts with the continuous analog framework usually suggested. Programmable logic networks are capable of handling many neural net applications. They avoid some of the limitations of threshold logic networks and present distinct opportunities. The network nodes are called dynamically programmable logic modules. They can be implemented with digitally controlled demultiplexers. Each node performs a Boolean function of its inputs which can be dynamically assigned. The overall network is therefore a combinational circuit and its outputs are Boolean global functions of the network's input variables. The approach offers definite advantages for VLSI implementation, namely, a regular architecture with limited connectivity, simplicity of the control machinery, natural modularity, and the support of a mature technology. >
On the ambipolar diffusion of impurities into silicon

It is frequently proposed that at large impurity atom densities, diffusion into silicon is an ambipolar diffusion process involving mobile holes, electrons, and ionized impurity atoms. According to this proposal the density gradient attained during diffusion produces an electric field, and this field influences impurity atom transport within the semiconductor lattice. A qualitative discussion is presented here on the likelihood of an impurity atom gradient giving rise to an electric field, particularly at the temperatures used for device fabrication. It is suggested that an exceedingly small electrostatic shielding distance (Debye length) existent at diffusion temperatures places important limitations upon the electric field produced during the diffusion process.
YEARLING AND SUBADULT BLACK BEAR SURVIVAL IN A HUNTED VIRGINIA POPULATION

Abstract Reported survival rates for yearling and subadult bears in hunted black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in North America are scarce. We estimated survival rates of yearling and subadult black bears from a hunted population in western Virginia during 1999–2002. We captured 307 individual yearling and subadult bears on 2 study sites, and we attached radiotransmitters to 54 (34M:20F) 1-year-old, 52 (23M:29F) 2-year-old, and 35 (8M:27F) 3-year-old black bears. We used the known fate model in program MARK to estimate annual, nonhunting, and hunting season survival for radiomarked bears of each age and sex class. Additionally, we used mark–recapture data in the recaptures only, dead recoveries, and Burnham's combined models within program MARK to estimate survival for each age and sex class. One-, 2-, and 3-year-old female survivorship was 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.92), 1-year-old male survivorship was 0.32 (95% CI 0.20–0.47), and 2- and 3-year-old male survivorship was 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 s– 0.71) from th...
The influence of ns- and fs-LA plume local conditions on the performance of a combined LIBS/LA-ICP-MS sensor

Both laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) are well-established analytical techniques with their own unique advantages and disadvantages. The combination of the two analytical methods is a very promising way to overcome the challenges faced by each method individually. We made a comprehensive comparison of local plasma conditions between nanosecond (ns) and femtosecond (fs) laser ablation (LA) sources in a combined LIBS and LA-ICP-MS system. The optical emission spectra and ICP-MS signal were recorded simultaneously for both ns- and fs-LA and figures of merit of the system were analyzed. Characterization of the plasma was conducted by evaluating excitation temperature and electron density of the plume under various irradiation conditions using optical emission spectroscopy, and correlations to ns- and fs-LIBS and LA-ICP-MS signal were made. The present study is very useful for providing conditions for a multimodal system as well as giving insight into how laser ablation plume parameters are related to LA-ICP-MS and LIBS results for both ns- and fs-LA.
Tight Linear Lower Memory Bound for Local Routing in Planar Digraphs

Local geometric routing algorithms with logarithmic memory are in widespread use in modern MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks). Formally, these are algorithms executed by an agent traveling from node to node in a geometric graph, using only local geometric information at each node, leaving no traces and carrying O(logn) bits of memory. For the case of undirected graphs, theoretical and practical aspects of such algorithms have been extensively developed since Face Routing (FR) was proposed in 1999 for planar embedded graphs. By contrast, the corresponding problem in geometric digraphs has been relatively little studied. In CCCG’08, the author and co-authors showed a lower bound of ( n) bits on the memory of local geometric routing algorithms for planar embedded digraphs. The purpose of the present paper is to show this lower bound is tight under two models: either node identiers (possibly coordinates) are known to come from an O(n) size space and no marks may be left, or elseO(logn) bits suce to identify a node (as assumed in FR) and pebbles may be left. We describe an analog to FR which under either model guarantees delivery in polynomial time in strongly connected planar embedded digraphs. In the rst model, memory of O(n) bits is transported, in the second O(logn) bits are transported and O(n) pebbles are left. By contrast, for non-geometric algorithms of the second model a tight lower memory bound of ( n logn) bits follows from work of Ilcinkas and Fraigniaud with an exponential runtime algorithm. Our work thus provides a rst example conrming that geometry simplies routing in digraphs.
A Method for Routine Determination of Streptomycin Levels in Body Fluids.

Summary1. A simple, easily readable method for the clinical determination of streptomycin in body fluids has been described requiring a minimum amount of test fluid,2. Klebsiella pneumoniae No. 41 which grows luxuriantly in simple media and is readily inhibited by streptomycin was adopted as test organism.3. The assay was made more sensitive by utilizing relatively deficient media which made the test organisms more susceptible to the action of streptomycin.4. It is possible, because Klebsiella pneumoniae No. 41 is insensitive to penicillin, to perform streptomycin level determinations in patients who are receiving streptomycin and penicillin treatment concomitantly.5. By the use of this method it has been noted that streptomycin is retained in the blood in effective therapeutic amounts for relatively longer periods of time, thereby permitting more convenient spacing of injections. The clinical application of these studies will be made the subject of a subsequent report.
Differentiation of biologic scaffold materials through physicomechanical, thermal, and enzymatic degradation techniques.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize the physicomechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of several types of biologic scaffold materials to differentiate between the various materials. BACKGROUND: As more biologic scaffold materials arrive on the market, it is critical that surgeons understand the properties of each material and are provided with resources to determine the suitability of these products for specific applications such as hernia repair. METHODS: Twelve biologic scaffold materials were evaluated, including crosslinked and non-crosslinked; those of bovine, human, and porcine origin; and derivatives of pericardium, dermis, and small intestine submucosa. Physicomechanical, thermal, and degradation properties were evaluated through biomechanical testing, modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and collagenase digestion assays, respectively. Biomechanical testing included suture retention, tear strength, uniaxial tensile, and ball burst techniques. RESULTS: All scaffolds exhibited suture retention strengths greater than 20 N, but only half of the scaffolds exhibited tear resistance greater than 20 N, indicating that some scaffolds may not provide adequate resistance to tearing. A wide range of burst strengths were observed ranging from 66.2 ± 10.8 N/cm for Permacol to 1,028.0 ± 199.1 N/cm for X-Thick AlloDerm, and all scaffolds except SurgiMend, Strattice, and CollaMend exhibited strains in the physiological range of 10% to 30% (at a stress of 16 N/cm). Thermal analysis revealed differences between crosslinked and non-crosslinked materials with crosslinked bovine pericardium and porcine dermis materials exhibiting a higher melting temperature than their non-crosslinked counterparts. Similarly, the collagenase digestion assay revealed that crosslinked bovine pericardium materials resisted enzymatic degradation significantly longer than non-crosslinked bovine pericardium. CONCLUSIONS: Although differences were observed because of cross-linking, some crosslinked and non-crosslinked materials exhibited very similar properties. Variables other than cross-linking, such as decellularization/sterilization treatments or species/tissue type also contribute to the properties of the scaffolds.
Energy deficit in parvalbumin neurons leads to circuit dysfunction, impaired sensory gating and social disability

Parvalbumin-expressing, fast spiking interneurons have high-energy demands, which make them particularly susceptible to energy impairment. Recent evidence suggests a link between mitochondrial dysfunction in fast spiking cortical interneurons and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction restricted to parvalbumin interneurons has not been directly addressed in vivo. To investigate the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in parvalbumin interneurons in vivo, we generated conditional knockout mice with a progressive decline in oxidative phosphorylation by deleting cox10 gene selectively in parvalbumin neurons (PV-Cox10 CKO). Cox10 ablation results in defective assembly of cytochrome oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the electron transfer chain, and leads to mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction. PV-Cox10 CKO mice showed a progressive loss of cytochrome oxidase in cortical parvalbumin interneurons. Cytochrome oxidase protein levels were significantly reduced starting at postnatal day 60, and this was not associated with a change in parvalbumin interneuron density. Analyses of intrinsic electrophysiological properties in layer 5 primary somatosensory cortex revealed that parvalbumin interneurons could not sustain their typical high frequency firing, and their overall excitability was enhanced. An increase in both excitatory and inhibitory input onto parvalbumin interneurons was observed in PV-Cox10 CKO mice, resulting in a disinhibited network with an imbalance of excitation/inhibition. Investigation of network oscillations in PV-Cox10 CKO mice, using local field potential recordings in anesthetized mice, revealed significantly increased gamma and theta frequency oscillation power in both medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. PV-Cox10 CKO mice did not exhibit muscle strength or gross motor activity deficits in the time frame of the experiments, but displayed impaired sensory gating and sociability. Taken together, these data reveal that mitochondrial dysfunction in parvalbumin interneurons can alter their intrinsic physiology and network connectivity, resulting in behavioral alterations similar to those observed in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism.
Redox-Sensitive Regulation of Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor (MRTF-A) Phosphorylation via Palladin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Marker Gene Expression

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a phenotypic switch from a differentiated to synthetic phenotype in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Our previous studies indicate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) helps to maintain the differentiated phenotype by regulating expression of pro-differentiation genes such as smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) and Calponin (CNN) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in VSMCs. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Nox4 and myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A), a transcription factor known to be important in expression of smooth muscle marker genes. Previous work has shown that MRTF-A interacts with the actin-binding protein, palladin, although how this interaction affects MRTF-A function is unclear, as is the role of phosphorylation in MRTF-A activity. We found that Rho kinase (ROCK)-mediated phosphorylation of MRTF-A is a key event in the regulation of SMA and CNN in VSMCs and that this phosphorylation depends upon Nox4-mediated palladin expression. Knockdown of Nox4 using siRNA decreases TGF-β -induced palladin expression and MRTF-A phosphorylation, suggesting redox-sensitive regulation of this signaling pathway. Knockdown of palladin also decreases MRTF-A phosphorylation. These data suggest that Nox4-dependent palladin expression and ROCK regulate phosphorylation of MRTF-A, a critical factor in the regulation of SRF responsive gene expression.
Superoxide Dismutase in Cultured Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Colon

A relative deficiency of the mitochondrial allele of superoxide dismutase (SODb) has been found in a variety of cancers both in vivo and in vitro. A decrease in the activity of SODb also has been described in cells from patients with two conditions that often are associated with cancer development, Down’s syndrome and Dubin-Johnson-Sprinz syndrome. Because of these associations it has been hypothesized that SODb deficiency not only is a good biochemical marker for the malignant phenotype, but also may play a central role in oncogenesis.1 More specifically, cells that are unable to induce or turn on SODb either prior to or as a result of initiation are more susceptible to the oxidative damage induced by tumor promoters.2,3
Parallel peridynamics–SPH simulation of explosion induced soil fragmentation by using OpenMP

In this work, we use the OpenMP-based shared-memory parallel programming to implement the recently developed coupling method of state-based peridynamics and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (PD-SPH), and we then employ the program to simulate dynamic soil fragmentation induced by the explosion of the buried explosives. The paper offers detailed technical description and discussion on the PD-SHP coupling algorithm and how to use the OpenMP shared-memory programming to implement such large-scale computation in a desktop environment, with an example to illustrate the basic computing principle and the parallel algorithm structure. In specific, the paper provides a complete OpenMP parallel algorithm for the PD-SPH scheme with the programming and parallelization details. Numerical examples of soil fragmentation caused by the buried explosives are also presented. Results show that the simulation carried out by the OpenMP parallel code is much faster than that by the corresponding serial computer code.
Artificial molecular motors: Running on information

An autonomous chemically driven artificial molecular machine uses information acquired by allosteric interactions combined with an exergonic reaction to know which way to go.
The Changing American Woman - Some Thoughts for Marketers

The demographic profile of the American female has changed significantly since the beginning of the twentieth century. Much of that change developed during the 1970's and is an on-going process in the 1980's. The modern American woman enjoys increased stature in her roles in both the home and the work place.
Human Sexuality Training Programs for Public School Teachers: An Evaluation

AbstractThe current study evaluated the extent to which a training model in human sexuality changed public school teachers' knowledge and attitudes. The data indicate that significant changes were found from the pre- and post-assessment on two standardized measures of knowledge. Significant changes were also found on attitudinal measures of the autoeroticism and sexual myths. The results of this model staff development program suggest ways for medical schools to expand sex education training in public school settings.
Racial and Gender Disparities in Sugar Consumption Change Efficacy Among First-Year College Students

Reducing excess dietary sugar intake among emerging adults involves replacing sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and sugary snacks (SSN) with healthier options. Few studies have assessed the perceived degree of difficulty associated with making lifestyle modifications among a diverse group of emerging adults. The purpose of this study was to assess race and gender disparities in SSB and SSN behavioral modification efficacy among African American and White first year college students. A self-administered, cross-sectional survey was completed by a subsample of freshmen (n = 499) at a medium-sized southern university. Key outcome variables were self-efficacy in reducing consumption of SSBs and SSNs, respectively. Primary independent variables were BMI, concerns about weight, and attempts to lose weight, takeout food consumption frequency, and physical activity. Half of the sample was African American (50.1%) and a majority of participants were female (59.3%). Fewer African Americans than Whites were very sure they could substitute SSBs with water (48.8% vs 64.7%, p < 0.001) or eat fewer SSNs (39.2% vs 48.2%, p < 0.04). A smaller segment of males reported being confident in their ability replace SSBs with water (51.2% vs 60.5%, p < 0.04). African Americans (OR = 0.38, CI: 0.22-0.64) and males (OR = 0.49, CI: 0.27-0.88) had lower odds of being more confident in their ability to change their SSB intake. Race and gender differences were not present in models predicting confidence to reduce SSN consumption. These findings highlight the need to consider race and gender in interventions seeking to increase self-efficacy to make lifestyle modifications.
Predictive analytical model of fundamental frequency and imperfections in glassblown fused quartz hemi-toroidal 3D micro shells

Glassblown 3D micro shells are released by a multi-step mechanical lapping process, introducing structural imperfections to the sensing element. We present an analytical model predicting the frequency mismatch in micro shells due to imperfections induced by the release process. The analytical model of such micro shells was derived based on inextensional assumption. Mode shapes and the resonant frequencies were calculated and compared to results from both Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experiments. The predictive frequency of the n=2 wineglass mode shape was within 10% of the finite element results and 20% of the experimental results for thin shells, showing the fidelity of the model. The effect of imperfections of the shell release process on frequency mismatch was studied both analytically and experimentally.
Improved design optimization approach for high efficiency matching networks

Multistage matching networks are often utilized to provide voltage or current gains in applications such as wireless power transfer. Usually, each stage of a multistage matching network is designed to have a purely resistive input impedance and assumed to be loaded by a purely resistive load. This paper introduces an improved design optimization approach for multistage matching networks comprising L-section stages. The proposed design optimization approach explores the possibility of improvement in efficiency of the network by allowing intermediate stages to have complex input and load impedances. A new analytical framework is developed to determine the effective transformation ratio and efficiency of each stage for the case when input and load impedances may be complex. The method of Lagrange multipliers is used to determine the gain and impedance characteristics of each stage in the matching network that maximize overall efficiency. Compared with the conventional design approach for matching networks, the proposed approach achieves higher efficiency, resulting in loss reduction of up to 35% for a three-stage L-section matching network. The theoretical predictions are validated experimentally using a three-stage matching network designed for 10 MHz and 10 W operation.
Functional morphology, biomechanics and the retrodiction of early hominin diets

Comptes Rendus Palevol - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since vendredi 21 avril 2017
Triggers of oral lichen planus flares and the potential role of trigger avoidance in disease management.

Objective Many patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) report triggers of flares, some of which overlap with triggers of other oral diseases, including oral allergy syndrome and oral contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of commonly reported triggers of OLP flares, their overlap with triggers of other oral diseases, and the potential role of trigger avoidance as a management strategy. Study Design Questionnaire-based survey of 51 patients with biopsy-proven lichen planus with oral involvement seen in an academic dermatology specialty clinic and/or oral pathology clinic between June 2014 and June 2015. Results Of the participants, 94% identified at least one trigger of their OLP flares. Approximately half of the participants (51%) reported at least one trigger that overlapped with known triggers of oral allergy syndrome, and 63% identified at least one trigger that overlapped with known triggers of oral contact dermatitis. Emotional stress was the most commonly reported trigger (77%). Regarding avoidance, 79% of the study participants reported avoiding their known triggers in daily life. Of those who actively avoided triggers, 89% reported an improvement in symptoms and 70% reported a decrease in the frequency of flares. Conclusions Trigger identification and avoidance can play a potentially effective role in the management of OLP.
Trauma-Informed Resource Parent Training and the Impact on Knowledge Acquisition, Parenting Self-Efficacy, and Child Behavior Outcomes: A Pilot of the Resource Parent Curriculum Parent Management Training (RPC+)

This pilot study illustrates one state’s development, implementation, and outcomes of a trauma-informed curriculum called the Resource Parent Curriculum + CARE (RPC+). The RPC+ is an intensive co-t...
Ultra high density 3D SRAM cell design in Stacked Horizontal Nanowire (SN3D) fabric

CMOS scaling faces numerous challenges, among which device scaling, interconnect bottleneck, high leakage power and manufacturability are major ones. The scaling challenge is particularly acute for SRAM since maximum performance/power at highest density is required with every new generation. 3-D integration provides possible pathways to overcome the impediments faced in achieving ultra-high density SRAM. However 3-D integration techniques like monolithic 3-D, die-die [6-11][14-18], etc., show limited benefits and add additional constraints. Stacked Horizontal Nanowire-based 3-D CMOS (called SN3D hereafter)[19][20] is a true fine-grained 3-D IC fabric that can solve CMOS scaling challenges while providing significantly higher density, routability, performance/power advantages. Central to our approach is the formation of the device and routing structures onto stacked horizontal nanowires, and design and placement of symmetric CMOS circuits in 3-D. In this paper, we show design and analysis of SRAM circuit in SN3D and benchmark its potentials. We detail circuit design and implementation procedures considering underlying physical fabric. We analyze SRAM performance metrics: read, write, hold stability and performance margins, and compare the results with 2-D CMOS and Monolithic 3-D. Our simulation results showed 3.1x density, and 6.4x performance/watts benefits with respect to 2-D CMOS and 2.1 density and 5.7x performance/watts benefits over monolithic 3-D at 16nm. We have also achieved 1.7x Hold Margin (HM), 4.3x Read Margin (RM) and 1.2x Write Margin improvements over 2-D CMOS and monolithic designs.
Femtosecond Laser Tagging in 1,1,1,2-Tetrauoroethane with Trace Quantities of Air

Femtosecond laser tagging is demonstrated for the first time in R134a gas, and in mixtures of R134a with small quantities of air. A systematic study of this tagging method is explored through the adjustment of gas pressure, mixture ratio and laser properties. It is found that the signal strength and lifetime are greatest at low pressures for excitation at both the 400 nm and 800 nm laser wavelengths. The relative intensities of two spectral peaks in the near-UV emission change as a function of gas pressure and can potentially be used for local pressure measurements. Single shot precision in pure R134a and R134a with 5% air is demonstrated at the exit of a subsonic pipe flow. The parameter space of these results are chosen to mimic conditions used in the NASA Langley Research Center's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The precision and signal lifetime demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique for measuring flowfields that induce airfoil utter.
Feeding Advancement and Simultaneous Transition to Discharge (FASTDischarge) after laparoscopic gastrostomy.

Abstract Background Laparoscopic gastrostomy (LG) is a common surgical procedure. However, there is little consensus on a postoperative feeding regimen. With prior nasogastric feed tolerance, there should be no delay in resumption of feeds and subsequent discharge to home. This is a report on a Feeding Advancement and Simultaneous Transition-Discharge (FAST-Discharge) pathway, which to date has not been reported in the literature. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent LG was performed from May 2010 to May 2015. All were outpatients who were on prior nasogastric feeds. The postoperative order set initiates feeds in 4 h to advance to goal as tolerated. Time to initial feed and goal nutrition, and overall length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. Results 122 patients were identified with 55% percent being male and with a median operative age of 15 months (IQR 8–27). 53% were started on bolus feeds. Initial feeds were started at a median of 2.8 h (IQR: 1.8–4.7). The median duration to goal nutrition was 6 h (IQR: 0–14). 97% reached full feeds within 24 h with no complications related to feed advancement. Median LOS was 26 h (IQR: 24–30). Conclusion An expedited pathway with early feeding and discharge is possible after laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement with a low risk for adverse events. Level of evidence Level III.
Examining the Roles of Self-Objectification and Appearance Expectations in Young Women’s Indoor Tanning Behavior

Indoor tanning among U.S. young women is a major public health concern that increases risk for skin cancer. Many young women engage in indoor tanning despite the risks, and prior evidence suggests that appearance-related motivations for tanning may outweigh health concerns. The present study examined appearance expectations as a mediator of the association between young women’s self-objectification and indoor tanning behavior. Emerging adult college women (n = 332, 18–19-years-old; 66.9% White) provided reports of their self-objectification (operationalized as body surveillance), appearance-related tanning expectations, body esteem, and indoor tanning behavior. Results revealed that higher levels of self-objectification were indirectly associated with women’s higher likelihood of indoor tanning. This association was mediated by positive appearance expectations for tanning. These associations appeared to be robust: The mediational model was significant whether body esteem was included as a control variable or not; whether the behavioral outcome was lifetime or past-year indoor tanning; and whether the sample included only White participants or was ethnically heterogeneous. Results suggest that young women who more frequently engage in self-objectification are more likely to engage in indoor tanning and that this association is explained in part by young women’s positive appearance-related expectations for tanning. Furthermore, the findings point to indoor tanning as an important and understudied correlate of self-objectification. A deeper understanding of women’s appearance-related motivations to tan may in turn facilitate the development of more effective interventions for this high-risk behavior, which remains troublingly common among young women in the United States.
Building a Fly Eye: Terminal Differentiation Events of the Retina, Corneal Lens, and Pigmented Epithelia

In the past, vast differences in ocular structure, development, and physiology throughout the animal kingdom led to the widely accepted notion that eyes are polyphyletic, that is, they have independently arisen multiple times during evolution. Despite the dissimilarity between vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, it is becoming increasingly evident that the development of the eye in both groups shares more similarity at the genetic level than was previously assumed, forcing a reexamination of eye evolution. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of cell type specification during Drosophila eye development has been a focus of research for many labs over the past 25 years, and many of these findings are nicely reviewed in Chapters 1 and 4. A somewhat less explored area of research, however, considers how these cells, once specified, develop into functional ocular structures. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge related to the terminal differentiation events of the retina, corneal lens, and pigmented epithelia in the fly eye. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence that the different functional components of the fly eye share developmental pathways and functions with the vertebrate eye.
Observation of Oligomers, Polymers, and Their Crystals by Scanning Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopy

The techniques of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy are producing new information about the arrangement of polymer molecules on surfaces, in crystals, in phase separated block copolymers and in fibers. Many references to contemporary results are given. Other scanning probe methods that are expected to become valuable in the characterization of polymeric materials are also referenced and discussed briefly. Results from the use of the atomic force microscope to observe the fold surfaces, fold domain boundaries, thickness of lamellae, and other aspects of polyethylene crystals precipitated from solution are described.
INTEGRATING CONTEXT INTO INTENT RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

A precursor to social interaction is social understanding. Every day, humans observe each other and on the basis of their observations “read people’s minds,” correctly inferring the goals and intentions of others. Moreover, this ability is regarded not as remarkable, but as entirely ordinary and effortless. If we hope to build robots that are similarly capable of successfully interacting with people in a social setting, we must endow our robots with an ability to understand humans’ intentions. In this paper, we propose a system aimed at developing those abilities in a way that exploits both an understanding of actions and the context within which those
Organ preservation for advanced head and neck cancer concomitant chemoradiation.

Treatment options for patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer are now diverse. Surgery plus radiation or surgery plus chemoradiation remain options for patients with resectable disease. The same patients, however, appear to have an equally efficacious option of concomitant chemoradiation, with surgery reserved for salvage only. When performed in experienced settings, non-comparative data seem to indicate the outcome to be equivalent or perhaps even better. Direct comparisons between surgery and chemoradiation are unavailable. These would be extremely useful in terms of understanding optimal treatment, both in terms of cure, organ preservation, function preservation, and quality of life. All patients referred for resection of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer should also have the option of concomitant chemoradiation discussed if an experienced treatment group is available to the patient.
Family Influences on Personality Development

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the family influences on personality development. There is an emerging crisis in the study of personality development because of the missing data on parent–child relationships. There are three crises in the personality development research: (1) the first real crisis— known as “bidirectional watershed,” is that it is not clear who might be responsible for children's personality development. Maybe, just parent–child correlations reflected the action of constitutional characteristics of the child on parenting and not the other way around. (2) This crisis is related to transactional models that further complicate the picture of the family influence on personality development because of the elaboration of this model. The child and the caretaking environment were conceptualized as always in a state of mutual feedback; infant characteristics modified parental practices, which in turn modified infant behavior thereby, modifying parental behavior. The final crisis is within-family effects which are of recent origin. Nearly all of the studies of family and parental influences on the personality of the child are based on only one child per family. Family and parental influences focus on the mother, on the father, or on the family as a unit.
Quantitative Determination of Betaine, Choline, Acetylcholine, and 20-Hydroxyecdysone Simultaneously from Atriplex Species by UHPLC-UV-MS

A simple, rapid, and sensitive UHPLC-UV-MS method was developed for the quantitative determination of betaine (1), choline (2), acetylcholine (3), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (4) from various species of Atriplex. The baseline separation of the four analytes was achieved on a reversed phase C 18 column within nine minutes. The mobile phase was composed of 50 mM ammonium formate in 2% methanol-water containing 5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH = 8.2) and methanol with 0.01% ammonium hydroxide. The analytical method was validated for recovery, precision, limits of detection (LOD), and limits of quantification (LOQ). The developed method was applied for the characterization and quantitation of analytes from plant parts of different Atriplex species, including A. canescens, A. fruticulosa, A. fasciculata, A. semibaccata, and A. lentiformis. Compounds 1-4 were found in a range of 0.53-1.61%, detection under limit of quantification (DUL)-0.74, DUL-0.0038, and 0-0.10% (w/w, mg in 100 mg plant material), respectively, in test samples. In leaf and fruit of A. canescens, a high content of 1, 2, and 4 were identified. The content of 1, 2, and 4 in A. canescens explains the potential implications of this native US plant for human health and nutrition. The result of this study provides a new method to analyze these phytoconstituents simultaneously in a mixture.
Syringe services programs: An examination of legal, policy, and funding barriers in the midst of the evolving opioid crisis in the U.S.

Abstract Background Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) have been proposed as a key intervention to address increasing rates of opioid injection, overdose, and infectious disease transmission in the U.S. In recent years, multiple states and jurisdictions have enacted laws and policies to enable implementation of SSPs. These statutory and regulatory changes have resulted in the expansion of SSPs in a short period of time under a patchwork of different regulations and policies. Understanding how SSPs are responding to this evolving policy environment in the midst of a worsening opioid crisis can inform the development of strategies to maximize the role SSPs play in the response to the opioid crisis. Methods In-depth, semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews were conducted with 25 individuals running 23 SSPs in the U.S. A thematic content analysis was employed to identify and group themes across the domains of interest based on inductive and deductive coding of verbatim interview transcripts. Results Despite progress in expanding the number of SSPs in recent years, programs described encountering legal, policy, funding, and community barriers that are limiting the scope, scale, and reach of SSPs. To address these barriers, programs are employing multiple strategies to educate about and advocate for SSPs, engage policymakers and communities, combat pervasive stigma, strengthen funding, and reach at-risk populations. Conclusion This qualitative study of a geographically diverse sample of SSPs provides key insights into the legal and policy barriers, funding challenges, and contextual factors impacting SSPs and the strategies programs are pursuing to counter these barriers. Coupling these strategies with policy changes that address the underlying legal and financial barriers and advancing efforts to combat stigma around drug use and addiction stand to substantially expand the role of SSPs as part of the public health response to the opioid crisis in the U.S.
Noncumulative College Education in Marketing: Retarding Professionalism

This paper examines undergraduate level marketing programs with the premise that the noncumulative design of the curriculum hinders the development of marketing as a profession. It is suggested that marketing lacks a common base of knowledge. In defining a profession and applying that definition to marketing, a number of actions are delineated which would lead to the professionalization of marketing. Of paramount importance to this end is a common base of knowledge and the professional attitude of autonomy, both of which could be developed as students mastered a cumulative marketing education.
Physics-Informed Covariance Kernel for Model-Form Uncertainty Quantification with Application to Turbulent Flows

Abstract In uncertainty quantification of computational models (e.g., turbulence modeling) with Bayesian inferences, Gaussian processes are commonly used as the prior for model discrepancies. However, constructing the covariance kernel is a challenging task that requires significant physical knowledge of the problem. On the other hand, often the model discrepancies are described by partial differential equations (PDEs) of known structures (e.g. Reynolds stress transport equations for turbulent flows), albeit with unclosed terms (e.g, velocity triple correlation and press–strain-rate correlation). In this work, we utilize such PDEs to construct physics-informed covariance kernels by exploiting the fundamental connection between PDEs and covariance functions. We demonstrate the merits of the physics-informed covariance kernel with the application to turbulent flows over periodic hills. The covariance kernel and the modes (eigenfunctions) obtained from the physics-informed approach are physically more realistic than those obtained with commonly used squared exponential kernels. This method also has the potential of improving the performance of Bayesian model-form uncertainty quantification in applications beyond turbulent flows.