cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of the molybdenum-iron protein component of nitrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids.

Abstract The Mo-Fe protein from bacteroids of soybean nodules has been purified to a high degree of homogeneity as judged by disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The purification procedure included: polypropylene glycol fractionation, heat treatment, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. Specific activities of several preparations of the purified protein ranged between 850 and 1,000 for C2H2 and 260 and 300 for N2. When the Mo-Fe protein was assayed with an optimum level of iron protein, an apparent Km for N2 of 0.068 atm was obtained. The time for 50% inactivation of the protein under 0.2 atm of O2 at 30° is 4.5 min. A molecular weight of 197,600 for the protein was determined by low speed sedimentation equilibrium experiments and a molecular weight of 202,000 was determined by the high speed sedimentation equilibrium method. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis of the protein in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride indicated one size of subunit with a molecular weight of about 50,000. Treatment of the protein with 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by electrophoresis in gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate also produced one size of subunit. A v of 0.732 ml per g was calculated from the amino acid composition and ultracentrifugal analysis revealed a s020, w value of 9.99. The ultraviolet spectrum of the protein exhibited an absorbance maximum at 279 nm and a molar extinction coefficient at this wave length of 3.69 x 105 cm-1 m-1. A broad general absorbance was observed in the visible spectrum between 350 and 600 nm and no obvious shoulders or peaks were apparent. Analyses of samples of the protein revealed a mean of 1.3 molybdenum, 28.8 iron, and 26.2 acid-labile sulfide atoms per molecule. All the common amino acids were present.
Photosensitive Liposomes as Potential Targeted Therapeutic Agents

This work describes the synthesis of a hexadecyl-modified anthracene-based photoacid generator for use as alight-activated trigger, which will induce contents release from phospholipid1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE):lysoplasmenylcholine liposomes. The liposomes containing photosensitizers such as bacteriochlorophylla or aluminum phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate are also described. Finally, biodistribution of aluminum phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate loaded liposomes in a murine tumor xenograft model is discussed. Keywords: photosensitiveliposome; anthracene-based photoacid generator; bacteriochlorophyll a; aluminum phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate; biodistribution; phototherapeutic strategy
Novel microstructures for the in situ measurement of mechanical properties of thin films

This paper discusses microfabricated structures designed for the in situ measurement of the mechanical properties of thin films under residual tensile stress. The film is deposited and patterned on a (100) silicon substrate in which 5‐μm‐thick diaphragms have been fabricated. When the silicon diaphragm is etched from the backside in an SF6 plasma, the microstructures are released and deform under the residual tension. Measurement of this deformation in conjunction with appropriate mechanical models determines the mechanical properties of interest. We have used these structures to study benzophenonetetracarboxylicdianhidride‐oxydianiline/metaphenylene‐diamine polyimide films. Typical value for the residual stress to modulus ratio in this case was determined to be 0.011±0.001 while the ultimate strain at break was found to be 4.5% for 5.5‐μm‐thick films. For thicker films (8.5 μm), the film did not fail until 8% strain was reached.
The distribution of types of Luminous Blue Variables

If Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are not each unique types, three broad groups can be characterized depending on the luminosity and location of LBVs in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. To assist in defining the evolutionary nature of LBVs, connections are made to stars that have similar spectral character with the suggestion that some of these objects that may someday become LBVs.
A multistate mark-recapture approach to estimating survival of PIT-tagged salamanders following timber harvest.

Summary Survival is a critical component of individual fitness, population dynamics and the landscape ecology of organisms. Survival in animal populations is frequently estimated from capture–mark–recapture studies, yet these estimates are biased low when the permanent emigration of individuals is confounded with mortality. This systematic bias can limit the value of demographic information available for conservation and management efforts. We developed a novel multistate mark–recapture model for survival estimation in fossorial organisms that incorporates auxiliary passive integrated transponder (PIT-tag) detection data to account for the possibility of permanent emigration from our study area as well as the imperfect detection of individuals. Our study provides a direct comparison of mortality, emigration and reduced ground surface activity as explanations for declines in terrestrial salamander counts which are commonly reported following timber harvest. Reduced ground surface activity was not supported as a likely cause for reduced counts of plethodontid salamanders after timber harvest. Instead, ground surface activity was predicted to be considerably higher after timber harvest, suggesting that surface counts would under-represent the extent of population losses relative to control areas. Controlling for multiple causes for non-detection of salamanders, we found evidence that survival probability was reduced while permanent emigration rates may also be elevated in the initial months after timber harvest. However, a substantial majority of salamanders were known to survive the process of initial forest stand entry and timber removal. Synthesis and applications. Our analysis of passive integrated transponder (PIT-tag) detection data with a novel multistate mark–recapture model indicated that mortality and emigration are both potential causes for short-term reductions in salamander abundance following timber harvest. We suggest that salamander mortality is likely tied to habitat or microclimate conditions in early successional timber cuts, rather than the physical process of timber removal.
A 10-year analysis of revenues, costs, staffing, and workload in an academic medical center clinical chemistry laboratory

From 1980 to 1990 we found progressive increases in workload (number of billable tests; 12.1% per year), staffing [number of full-time equivalents (FTEs); 5.6% per year], "revenues" (gross billings; 25.8% per year), and direct cost (12.9% per year) in the clinical chemistry laboratory of a large tertiary-care university medical center. The increase in direct cost was mainly attributable to an increase in salary cost (23.7% per year), whereas the impact of increasing "consumable" cost was relatively small (5.3% per year). In fact, after adjustment for inflation, the consumable cost was virtually unchanged or decreased during the 10-year study period. Initially, consumables represented about 60% of the direct cost, and the remaining 40% was for salaries. After 1982/83, however, the relative contribution of consumables and salaries to direct cost gradually reversed. Because the workload grew at a higher rate than staffing, the workload per FTE increased from 1980 to 1990. This was paralleled by gradual increases in both "revenue" per FTE and salary per FTE in actual dollars, but by lesser increases to no increases in inflation-corrected dollars. After adjusting for inflation with different indices, the direct cost per test, the consumable cost per test, and the salary cost per test either remained unchanged or decreased in the 1980s. The findings are discussed in the context of technical advancements in laboratory testing, nationwide shortages of medical technologists, and implementation of prospective fixed-fee reimbursement practices during the study period.
Bounds on the performances of message routing heuristics

Let S be a set of messages to be routed on an N*N omega network. In addition, suppose that S contains communication conflicts. One strategy to deal with such conflicts is to partition S into some number of subsets, called rounds, such that each subset is conflict-free. The messages are then routed through the network by successively routing the messages in each subset. The minimum round partitioning problem, is the problem of partitioning a given message set into a minimum number of rounds. The authors consider heuristics for the minimum round partitioning problem. In particular, they establish upper and lower bounds on the performance ratio for two heuristics. For the first heuristic they give upper and lower bounds of O( square root N) and Omega (logN), respectively. For the second heuristic they give a lower bound of Omega (logN), which matches a known upper bound of O(logN). >
Viability and Infectivity of Ichthyophonus sp. in Post-Mortem Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasii

Abstract: Ichthyophonus-infected Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, were allowed to decompose in ambient seawater then serially sampled for 29 days to evaluate parasite viability and infectivity for Pacific staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus. Ichthyophonus sp. was viable in decomposing herring tissues for at least 29 days post-mortem and could be transmitted via ingestion to sculpin for up to 5 days. The parasite underwent morphologic changes during the first 48 hr following death of the host that were similar to those previously reported, but as host tissue decomposition progressed, several previously un-described forms of the parasite were observed. The significance of long-term survival and continued morphologic transformation in the post-mortem host is unknown, but it could represent a saprozoic phase of the parasite life cycle that has survival value for Ichthyophonus sp.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

A group of 21 patients with muscular dystrophy, 17 of them boys with the pseudohypertrophic form, were treated with a regimen including the use of an anabolic steroid, digitoxin, and physical exercise. This program had previously been reported to be efficacious. One year after the initiation of treatment all patients in the present study were significantly worse. None showed any change which could be interpreted as representing improvement. Five boys displayed rather rapid progression of the disease leading to loss of ambulation. Physicians at eight other centers, with experience in trials of identical therapy in approximately 300 patients, report no evidence of any objective benefit from the use of this steroid therapy in muscular dystrophy.
Library instruction and information literacy 2011

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a selected bibliography of recent resources on library instruction and information literacy.Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces and annotates periodical articles, monographs, and audiovisual material examining library instruction and information literacy.Findings – Information is provided about each source, and the paper discusses the characteristics of current scholarship, and describes sources that contain unique scholarly contributions and quality reproductions.Originality/value – The information may be used by librarians and interested parties as a quick reference to literature on library instruction and information literacy.
PERSONOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON CREATIVITY IN THE PERFORMING AND FINE ARTS

Abstract The artist, the musican, the writer, the sculptor are all people who possess specific traits and personality attributes which the vast majority do not. Certain character traits are associated with talented artists which other people do not see in themselves. Society possesses an image of the characteristics or traits which set the creative apart from the “normal” population. In the past these generalizations may have been true: Many creative individuals may have been sensitive, temperamental, or irritable. However, the question arises whether these stereotypes are still true in today's industrial and service society.
Diagnosis and management of hyponatraemia in hospitalised patients.

Hyponatraemia is a commonly encountered electrolyte abnormality in hospitalised patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The fact that most cases of hyponatraemia are the result of water imbalance rather than sodium imbalance underscores the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the pathophysiology. Hyponatraemia can be classified according to the measured plasma osmolality as isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic. Hyponatraemia with a normal plasma osmolality usually indicates pseudohyponatraemia, while hyponatraemia because of a high plasma osmolality is typically caused by hyperglycaemia. After excluding isotonic and hypertonic causes, hypotonic hyponatraemia is further classified according to the volume status of the patient as hypovolaemic, hypervolaemic or euvolaemic. Hypovolaemic hyponatraemia is accompanied by extracellular fluid (ECF) volume deficit, while hypervolaemic hyponatraemia manifests with ECF volume expansion. The syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) should be suspected in any patient with euvolaemic hyponatraemia with a urine osmolality above 100 mOsm/kg and urine sodium concentration above 40 mEq/l. In the management of any hyponatraemia regardless of the patient's volume status, it is advised to restrict free water and hypotonic fluid intake. Hypertonic saline and vasopressin antagonists can be used to correct symptomatic hyponatraemia. The rate of correction is dependent upon the duration, degree of hyponatraemia and the presence or absence of symptoms. Symptomatic acute hyponatraemia ( 48 h or unknown duration), fluid restriction and close monitoring alone are sufficient, while a slow correction by 0.5 mEq/l/h may be attempted in symptomatic patients. Excessive rapid correction should be avoided in both acute and chronic hyponatraemia, because it can lead to irreversible neurological complications including central osmotic demyelination.
Direct Determination of Crystal Structure from X-Ray Data

The empirical similarity in the behavior of scattering-factor curves for different atoms is used to replace the structure-factor formulae by an approximating system. This system is shown to lead to $m'\mathrm{th}$ degree algebraic equations, designated fundamental equations, whose coefficients are calculable in terms of crystal structure and atomic scattering factors. The roots of these equations give the coordinates of the unknown atomic positions. Thus if the values of a sufficient number ($2m$ in general; $m+1$ where there is a center of symmetry) of sequential structure-factors are known, the problem of direct structure determination is solved. If only the absolute magnitudes are known, one may derive reciprocal equations of the $m(m\ensuremath{-}1)\mathrm{th}$ degree whose coefficients are calculable in terms of the squared moduli of the structure factors. We can then write fundamental equations of degree $\frac{m(m\ensuremath{-}1)}{2}$ whose roots give the coordinates of the interatomic distances from which the unknown parameters themselves may readily be determined. If the number of unknown parameters in any projection is $m$, the minimum number of structure factor moduli required in this case is $m(m\ensuremath{-}1)+1$. The method developed in the paper is applied to the K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ crystal, and the results are found to compare very well with the values found by West on the basis of a trial-error and Fourier synthesis investigation.
Effect of Double Bond Position on Dehydroergosterol Fluorescence Intensity Dips in Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers with Saturated sn-1 and Monoenoic sn-2 Acyl Chains

We have investigated the spectroscopic evidence for sterol superlattice formation in bilayers composed of dehydroergosterol (DHE) and a homologous series of phosphatidylcholine, namely, C(18:0):C(1...
The uniqueness of the analytic continuation of partial wave amplitude in the complex plane of the angular momentum

The most general conditions on permissible analytic continuations of the partial wave amplitude are found. Conditions on the equality of two analytic continuations are also discussed.
The experimental extension of equity theory to interpersonal and group interaction situations

Abstract This research investigated the effects of inequity imposed upon individuals in group situations, with conditions of both within group and between group inequity being tested. An objectively inequitable situation was used to replace the usual methods of inducing feelings of inequity, thus overcoming one major limitation of previously reported research. Both piece rate and hourly rate conditions were included. The data are based upon a sample of 167 participants, all of whom were unaware they were experimental subjects. The task used was especially designed for this research to meet an a priori set of specifications. Equity theory was generally supported, although not with the usual findings of differences in quality and quantity of performance. Consideration is given to alternative modes of resolution to the felt inequity and to an alternative hypothesis that equity considerations may play a greater role in the establishment of performance standards than in adherence to such standards.
Historical vulnerability and special scrutiny: precautions against discrimination in medical research.

Levine et al. (2004) are on target in decrying the muddled usage of attributions of vulnerability to subjects of medical research. But before abandoning the notion altogether, a fully adequate anal...
Techniques and examples in U-embedding

Abstract A subset S of a metric space X is U -embedded in X if every uniformly continuous real-valued function on S extends to a uniformly continuous real-valued function on X . In this paper, techniques are presented which allow us to determine whether certain subsets of various metric spaces are U -embedded. Examples are given which indicate the difficulty of showing which sets are U -embedded.
Enhancement of ethylene hydroformylation over Ni/SiO2 through sulfur promotion

Sulfidation of Ni/SiO2 with H2S leads to a blockage of bridge-CO sites, an upward shift in the wavenumber of linearly adsorbed CO, an inhibition of ethylene hydrogenation, and an enhancement of the formation of propionaldehyde from ethylene hydroformylation.
Serum taurine and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective, nested case–control study

Purpose Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a molecule obtained from diet, is involved in bile acid conjugation, blood pressure regulation, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. We performed the first prospective study of taurine and CHD risk.
Identifying multivariate EEG synchronization networks through multiple subject community detection

In neurophysiological studies, it is important to infer the functional networks underlying the observed physiological data. In recent years, measures of functional connectivity as well as tools from graph theory have characterized the human brain as a complex network composed of segregated modules linked by short path lengths. However, the current studies of functional connectivity focus on either solely quantifying the pairwise relationships or describing the global characteristics of the network using graph theoretic metrics. In order to understand the multivariate relationships within the network, it is important to determine the functional modules underlying the complex networks. Moreover, the study of these functional networks is confounded by the fact that most neurophysiological studies consist of data collected from multiple subjects, thus, it is important to identify functional modules representative of all subjects. We propose a hierarchical consensus spectral clustering approach based on the Fiedler vector to address these issues. Furthermore, measures based on hypothesis testing and information theory are introduced for selecting the optimal modular structure. The proposed framework is applied to EEG data collected during a study of error-related negativity (ERN) to better understand the functional networks involved in cognitive control.
Learning from Others: Service-Learning in Costa Rica and Indonesia

School choice is the most controversial education policy issue of the 1990s. John Chubb and Terry Moe's Politics, Markets and America's Schools stimulated this investigation. They concluded that teacher and administrator autonomy was the most important influence on student achievement. They assumed that the organization of private schools offered greater autonomy resulting in higher student achievement and that the bureaucracy of public schools stifles autonomy limiting student achievement. The research undertaken here elaborates, elucidates, and fills in the framework of teacher and principal autonomy in public and private secondary schools. Interviews of more than thirty teachers and administrators in six high schools, observations, field notes, and analysis of documents collected in the field form the empirical base of this work. The sites included three private, independent, nondenominational secondary schools which are college preparatory and three public secondary schools noted for high graduation rates and offering numerous advanced placement courses. The feelings expressed by both public and private school participants in this study testify to equally high degrees of autonomy. Issues that emerged from data analysis in this study which mitigate and shape autonomy include the following: conflicting and contradictory demands, shared beliefs, layers of protection, a system of laws, funding constraints and matters of size of the institution. These issues challenge oversimplified assertions that differences of any importance exist between the autonomy experienced by professionals in public and private high schools. This study reveals the complexity of the concept of autonomy and challenges the myth that teachers and principals in private schools enjoy autonomy and freedom from democratic bureaucracy that their public school counterparts do not.
Luminescence dating at Diepkloof Rock Shelter – new dates from single-grain quartz

Diepkloof Rock Shelter, in South Africa's Western Cape, has been the subject of two different luminescence dating projects in recent years (Jacobs et al., 2008; Tribolo et al., 2013) with somewhat divergent results. This paper presents dating analysis of three additional samples from Diepkloof, as well as one sample each from Kathu Pan 6 and Hollow Rock Shelter, also in South Africa. These samples were collected in 1995, prior to the other two projects. Analysis of single-grain quartz shows that the samples are near saturation. Conventional rejection criteria, when applied to dose recovery data, result in an underestimation of dose for high administered doses. Applying the fast ratio (Durcan and Duller, 2011; Duller, 2012) as a rejection criterion removes this underestimation and preferentially rejects grains from the samples with low equivalent dose values. This makes the ages older than they would have been without this criterion. Age results are older than those presented by Jacobs et al. (2008), and slightly older or equivalent to those provided by Tribolo et al. (2013).
Cholinergic Forebrain Degeneration in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Transgenic Mouse

Abstract The impact of Aβ deposition upon cholinergic intrinsic cortical and striatal, as well as basal forebrain long projection neuronal systems was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in young (2–6 months) and middle-aged (10–16 months) APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic (tg) mice. Cholinergic neuritic swellings occurred as early as 2–3 months of age in the cortex and hippocampus and 5–6 months in the striatum of tg mice. However, cholinergic neuron number or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) optical density measurements remained unchanged in the forebrain structures with age in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 tg mice. ChAT enzyme activity decreased significantly in the cortex and hippocampus of middle-aged tg mice. These results suggest that Aβ deposition has age-dependent effects on cortical and hippocampal ChAT fiber networks and enzyme activity, but does not impact the survival of cholinergic intrinsic or long projection forebrain neurons in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 tg mice.
On modeling ATC work load and sector capacity

This paper describes a semi-empirical, deterministic work load model and an evaluation procedure intended to aid in the design and evaluation of those units of airspace (sectors) under the jurisdiction of a team of air traffic controllers. The technique relates the traffic variables, route and sector geometry, and control procedures to an index that quantifies the work load required on the part of the air traffic control (ATC) team. Work load is considered to constitute the required sector evaluation criterion when maximum overall ATC facility capacity and manning efficiency are desired. With proper calibration, the model may be used to assess the impact on work load and sector capacity of future automation features. An example evaluation of an actual high altitude, enroute sector is included.
Military Interest in Fibers

There is great interest in optical fibers for military applications. We focus on fiber laser research for directed energy platforms. Power scaling of fiber amplifiers and beam combining are the cornerstones of developing these platforms
Long atomic coherence times in an optical dipole trap.

Sodium atoms have been stored in a blue-detuned dipole trap based on sheets of argon ion laser light which support against gravity. In this trap, the atoms spend most of their time in free fall, resulting in a large reduction in the perturbation of the atomic levels due to the trapping potential. This reduction enabled us to probe the ground state hyperfine splitting with a measurement time of 4 s, yielding a linewidth of 0.125 Hz and a Ramsey fringe contrast of 43%. The coherence time was $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 times longer than achieved in a red-detuned Nd:YAG laser dipole trap with comparable depth.
Silver(I)-Promoted Conversion of Thioamides to Amidines: Divergent Synthesis of a Key Series of Vancomycin Aglycon Residue 4 Amidines That Clarify Binding Behavior to Model Ligands

Development of a general Ag(I)-promoted reaction for the conversion of thioamides to amidines is disclosed. This reaction was employed to prepare a key series of vancomycin aglycon residue 4 substituted amidines that were used to clarify their interaction with model ligands of peptidoglycan precursors and explore their resulting impact on antimicrobial properties.
Centrifugal Compressor Design Impacts: Lean and Meridional Shape

Optimization procedures are widely used in centrifugal compressor developments to enable high efficiency and wide operating ranges of compressors. It is very important to understand how to set the parameters and which parameter needs to be optimized. This paper demonstrates a case study on the importance of mechanical and structure combination optimization and also discusses the meridional impacts of compressor performance.Recently, the high pressure ratio and the efficiency of centrifugal compressors require impeller designs to pay attention to multi-disciplinary optimization. High efficiency and a wide operation range are always the design goal. The geometry of the blades and the meridional profile are very important contributors to compressor performance and structure reliability. Therefore, it is critical to consider all aspects of compressor optimization. The goal of currently used centrifugal compressors is to design a compressor with the same back-disc diameter with the best efficiency and the highest-pressure ratio.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Wealth Accumulation by Age Cohort in the U.S., 1962-1992: The Role of Savings, Capital Gains and Intergenerational Transfers

A simulation model is developed to account for observed changes in mean household wealth both overall and by age cohort over the 1962–92 period in the U.S. There are three major findings. First, capital gains are the major factor explaining overall wealth changes and account for three-fourths of the simulated growth in wealth over the entire period, while savings account for the other quarter. Second, for cohorts under age 50, inter vivos transfers dominate observed changes in wealth. Indeed, the oldest age groups appear to have transferred sizable amounts of their wealth to younger generations inter vivos, raising the wealth of these younger groups substantially above what it would be based on saving alone. Third, over the lifetime, I estimate that savings, inheritance, and inter vivos transfer each contribute about one-third to the lifetime accumulation of wealth.
Synthesis and Properties of Mono-, Di- and Trienoic Fatty Esters Containing a 12,13 Double Bond'

Methyl trans-12-octadecenoate-9, 10-d2 was obtained from methyl threo-12, 13-dihydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoate by a sequence of reactions involving formation of an ethoxydioxolane, catalytic deuteration of the double bond, and conversion of the ethoxydioxolane group to an ethylenic bond. Methyl cis- and trans-12-octadecenoate-15, 15, 16, 16-d4 and methyl cis- and trans-12-octadecenoate-9, 10, 15, 15, 16, 16-d6 were obtained from the Wittig coupling of hexyl-3, 3, 4, 4-d4-triphenylphosphonium bromide with methyl 12-oxododecanoate and methyl 12-oxododecanoate-9, 10-d2, respectively. The four geometrically isomeric methyl 12, 15-octadecadienoates-9, 10-d2 were prepared by the Wittig reaction between cis- or trans-3-hexenyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and methyl 12-oxododecanoate-9,-10-d2 with butyl lithium in ethyl ether. The Wittig reaction between hexyl-3, 3, 4, 4-d4 -triphenylphosphonium bromide and methyl 12-oxo-cis- or trans-9-dodecenoate was used to prepare the four geometric isomers of methyl 9, 12-octadecadienoate-15, 15, 16, 16-d4, whereas the same reaction between eis- or trans-3-hexenyltriphenyl-phosphonium bromide and methyl 12-oxo-cis- or trans-9-dodecenoate afforded the eight geometrically isomeric methyl 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoates. In each case, the stereochemistry of the double bond formed in the Wittig reaction was controlled by choice of reaction conditions. Pairs of isomers formed during each synthesis were separated by partial silver resin chromatography. Physical constants presented include13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts, melting points, equivalent chain lengths and percentage trans by infrared spectroscopy.
Fisheries Ecosystems and Hypoxia: A Future Informed by the Past

The California Current Ecosystem (CCE) contains some of the most productive marine fisheries in the world. As global climate moves outside the established range of historical precedent, the physica...
Low prevalences of HBV and HCV infection in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in Taiwan: A case control study

To study the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) against the background of HBV and HCV infection in the general population, serum specimens from a consecutive series of 27 patients with PBC and 108 age/sex matched 'healthy subjects' as control group were submitted to assays for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). None of the patients with PBC were HBsAg or anti-HCV positive while 17 (15.7%) and 6 (5.6%) of 'healthy' controls were HBsAg positive and anti-HCV positive (P = 0.017 and 0.26). Patients with PBC also had a significantly lower prevalence of HBV infection than matched controls (70.4% vs 88.9%, P = 0.022). The results suggest that neither HBV nor HCV plays any significant role in the pathogenesis of PBC, and that PBC would not develop or be masked in patients with HBV or HCV infection.
Sleep quality and alcohol-use disorders in a select population of young-adult mexican americans

Objective:Adult male Hispanics, particularly those born in the United States, are more likely to drink frequently and to consume larger quantities of alcohol than Whites or Blacks. Because alcohol and other substance-use disorders are frequently associated with disturbances in sleep, this study investigated measures of sleep quality and substance-use disorders in a select sample of young-adult Mexican Americans.Method:Diagnoses of alcohol-use disorders and other psychiatric disorders (based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised), results from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), family history of alcohol dependence, and measures of acculturation stress were obtained from 294 Mexican American young adults, ages 18-30, who were literate in English and were residing legally in San Diego County.Results:Lifetime diagnoses of alcohol-use disorders, family history of alcohol dependence, acculturation stress, and lifetime diagnoses of major depressive disorder ...
Neutron scattering studies of hydrating cement pastes

Abstract The progress of the hydration reactions of tricalcium silicate (C3S) has been followed using quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS) at an energy resolution of 60 μeV and a momentum transfer of q = 1 A −1 . The degree of reaction in the hydrating cement paste is inferred from the fraction of water that is chemically bound to the cement reaction products and the known stoichiometry of C3S hydration. Three different water-to-cement ratios were studied in this experiment: W/C = 0.7, 0.5 and 0.3. The results of an Avrami-model analysis of the first 15 h of the reaction are consistent with three types of C3SH2O reaction product morphology and growth mechanisms: (i) a plate-type product phase from either phase boundary growth with no nucleation; (ii) diffusion-limited growth with constant nucleation; or (iii) a needle-type product phase with phase boundary growth and constant nucleation. Analysis of the later-time diffusion-limited portion of the reaction provides apparent diffusion constants for the migration of water through the C3S hydration products. These data indicate that the diffusion constants vary approximately exponentially over the range of water-to-cement values studied.
Investigating Interactions between Channel Catfish and other Sport Fishes in Small Impoundments

Abstract The channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a popular sport fish commonly maintained by annual stocking in small impoundments. We sought to determine whether channel catfish negatively affect two other sport fishes (bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) in Alabama's state public fishing lakes (ASPF lakes) through competition or predation. Using a variety of gears, we sampled channel catfish, largemouth bass, and bluegills in 12 ASPF lakes with variable channel catfish stocking and harvest rates. Four of these lakes were sampled more intensively to quantify the diets of these three species. Bioenergetics simulations were used to predict the annual consumption of channel catfish and largemouth bass populations of average density, size structure, and growth from these impoundments. Metrics of growth, condition, abundance, and population structure were not related between species. Latitude was negatively related to channel catfish growth. The diets of channel catfish ...
Carbamazepine inhibits electroconvulsive shock-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Summary Carbamazepine is used to treat manic-depressive disorder, and is also an anticonvulsant. Rats were injected with this drug 90 min prior to this experiment, when mild inhibition of convulsions took place. Intraventricular injections of 14 uCi [ 3 H]myoinositol were made 20–24 hrs prior to the experiment. Ninety min after intraperitoneal injection of carbamazepine or vehicle, rats were given electroconvulsive shock or sham procedure and sacrificed 30 sec later. Incorporation of radiolabel into inositol lipids and inositol phosphates was analyzed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Carbamazepine's effects on the brain inositol lipid cycle, studied here for the first time, showed 1) enhanced labeling in the polyphosphoinositides (carbamazepine-ECS groups showed increases of about 40% in PIP 2 ); 2) decreased [H]IP 1 levels; and 3) inhibition of ECS-induced [ 3 H]-IP 3 accumulation.
Temperature Dependence of Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Alkali Halides

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ has been measured in NaF, KBr, KI, NaI, and LiBr at temperatures ranging from 20-800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to determine the sensitivity of ${T}_{1}$ to changes in the lattice vibrational spectrum and the relative importance of acoustic and optic phonons for quadrupolar relaxation. The theoretical temperature dependence for ${T}_{1}$ derived by Van Kranendonk for two-phonon Raman processes using a Debye spectrum does not fit the data for all crystals. The discrepancies are attributed to the importance of optic phonons for quadrupolar relaxation in crystals having large mass ratios. Different temperature dependences are expected for relaxation arising from acoustic and optic phonons. A simple temperature dependence for ${T}_{1}$ obtained by approximating the frequency distribution of the acoustic vibrations by a Debye spectrum and the optic vibrations by an Einstein spectrum is discussed and applied to the data for KI and NaI.
Triads and Changing Times: The National Allegory of Hong Kong Cinema, 1996–2000

Fredric Jameson famously, or perhaps infamously, claimed that all third world texts should be seen as a “national allegory.” As Imre Szeman notes, Jameson's essay would eventually become a lightnin...
Vitamin C and A1c Relationship in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006

Objective: The scope of the diabetes epidemic stresses the critical need for primary prevention. The consumption of foods high in vitamin C has been associated with lower risk of diabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between vitamin C concentration and glycemic control index in a large sample of U.S. adults without a history of diabetes.Methods: We analyzed data collected from 7697 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 who did not report a history of diabetes. Multivariate linear regression analyzed the association of vitamin C and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) levels after accounting for potential confounders. We also conducted stratified analyses based on race/ethnicity, gender, age group, body mass index, and vitamin D status.Results: Vitamin C concentrations were inversely associated with A1c (p = 0.0202). Stronger inverse associations were observed in subjects 18–44 years of age (p = 0.0017), as well as in female (p = 0.0035) and Me...
Spatial variation in insect community and species responses to habitat loss and plant community composition

Several experimental studies have examined species responses to manipulations of habitat area and spatial arrangement, but plant composition and spatial variation in species distributions also affect animal responses to habitat alteration. We used an experimental approach to study the combined effects of habitat area, edge, and plant community composition on the spatial structure of insect species richness and composition. The abundance of three guilds (herbivores, predators and parasitoids) and individual species were also analyzed. Habitat patches were created that differed in area and edge by selectively mowing portions of 15 m×15 m plots in a 1.7-ha old field. Spatial and environmental variables were used to predict insect responses in separate multiple regression and ordination models. The variation in species responses due to spatial and environmental variables was then partitioned by combining these variables into an overall regression or ordination. Spatial and environmental variables contributed similar percentages to the total variance in insect species richness, abundance or composition. No significant effects of habitat area were observed in any response variable. Herbivore abundance showed positive responses to legume or grass cover, as well as spatial variation that was unrelated to environmental variables. Predators and parasitoids had greater effects of plant species richness and habitat edge, and less unexplained spatial variation. Individual species differed in their responses to plant variables, depending on host specialization or intraspecific aggregation. Our study highlights the importance of plant community composition and spatial variation apart from environmental variables. Spatial variation stems both from species responses to environmental features as well as species differences in habitat specialization and intraspecific aggregation.
MRI of displaced meniscal fragments

A torn meniscus frequently requires surgical fixation or debridement as definitive treatment. Meniscal tears with associated fragment displacement, such as bucket handle and flap tears, can be difficult to recognize and accurately describe on MRI, and displaced fragments can be challenging to identify at surgery. A displaced meniscal fragment can be obscured by synovium or be in a location not usually evaluated at arthroscopy. We present a pictorial essay of meniscal tears with displaced fragments in patients referred to a pediatric hospital in order to increase recognition and accurate interpretation by the radiologist, who in turn can help assist the surgeon in planning appropriate therapy.
Calming the Spirit and Ensuring Super-Vivencia: Rural Mexican Women-Centred Teaching and Learning Spaces.

The changing social, cultural and economic conditions of transmigrant communities in rural Mexico require that women who stay behind, while their loved ones travel back and forth to the USA, create social relations that ensure their survival. From over five years of ethnographic research, this article explores the healing potential of women-centred teaching and learning spaces. By juxtaposing Ortega y Gasset's notion of vivencia – to live – with hooks' idea of collective healing and drawing on empirical data from Mexican rural women's convivencias (gatherings; coexistence), the author analyses the relationship between the mutual coexistence transpiring in women's gatherings and their survival (super-vivencia).
Experimental Investigation of Air Flow Through a Perforated Tile in a Raised Floor Data Center

Raised floor data centers supply cold air from a pressurized plenum to the server racks through perforated floor tiles. Hence, the design of an efficient air delivery scheme requires better understanding of the flow features, through and above the perforated tiles. Different tiles with circular pores in a staggered arrangement and with the same thickness are considered. Tile sheet porosities of 23% and 40%, air flow rates of 0.56 m3/s (1,177 CFM), and 0.83 m3/s (1,766 CFM), and pore sizes of 3.18 mm (1/8”), and 6.35 mm (1/4”) are investigated. Tiles with 38.1 mm (1.5”) region blocked along the edges is compared to the base case with 12.7 mm (0.5”) blocked edges. Width reduced to 0.46 m (1.5 ft) from standard width of 0.61 m (2 ft) is also examined. Reduced tile width is used to simulate 0.91 m (3 ft) cold aisle instead of standard 1.22 m (4 ft) cold aisle, with potential to save floor space. A case where the rack is recessed by 76.2 mm (3”) from the tile edge is also included in the investigation, as there is a possibility of having racks non-adjacent to the tile edges. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is used to characterize the flow field emerging from a perforated tile and entering the adjacent rack. Experiments suggest that lower tile porosity significantly increases cold air by-pass from the top, possibly due to higher air jet momentum above the tile, as compared to a tile with higher porosity. For the air flow rates investigated here, the flow field was nearly identical and influence of flow rate was non-distinguishable. The influence of pore size was non-negligible, even when the porosity and flow rate for the two cases were same. Larger blockage of the tile edges resulted in higher cold air by-pass from the top. Reduction in the tile width showed improved air delivery to the rack with considerably reduced cold air by-pass. Recessing the rack did not affect the flow field significantly.
A tutorial on fault tolerance issues with applications in distributed systems

Abstract Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to perform its function reliably in the presence of faulty hardware or software components. For a system to have this property, many separate issues are involved: fault confinement, fault detection, fault masking, retry, diagnosis, reconfiguration, recovery, restart, repair, and reintegration. These issues are discussed, and are applied to two well-known fault tolerance distributed systems.
The role of the anion-binding site of transferrin in its interaction with the reticulocyte.

Abstract Specific and tight binding of Fe(III) by transferrin does not occur unless a suitable anion is concomitantly bound. Bicarbonate, which normally occupies the anion binding site of the protein, may be replaced by an oxalate ion. The resulting ternary complex of Fe(III), transferrin and oxalate is less than 35% as effective as the bicarbonate complex in serving as an iron donor for heme synthesis by the reticulocyte. However, the binding of transferrin to the reticulocyte is not altered by the substitution of oxalate for bicarbonate. When both the oxalate and bicarbonate forms are incubated with reticulocytes, the uptake of iron from the bicarbonate complex is substantially depressed. The free oxalate ion, at the same concentration as the ternary Fe-transferrin-oxalate complex, does not alter the uptake of iron by reticulocytes from the native form of transferrin. The ternary Fe-transferrin-malonate complex is also less efficient than the bicarbonate complex as an iron donor to the reticulocyte, but the effect is less striking than that observed with the oxalate complex. The hypothesis is advanced that the mechanism of iron uptake from transferrin during the transferrin-reticulocyte interaction first entails an attack upon the anion bound to the protein, following which iron release to the heme-synthesizing apparatus of the cell takes place.
Lateral asymmetries in the recognition of words, familiar faces and unfamiliar faces.

Abstract Words, familiar faces and unfamiliar faces were tachistoscopically presented in lateral view to normal right-handed adult subjects. A RVF advantage was obtained for word recognition and a LVF advantage was obtained for the recognition of both familiar and unfamiliar faces. Moreover, the LVF advantage for familiar faces was obtained when the required response was recognition from an array as well as when it was naming. This pattern of results is consistent with results of recent studies that indicate right-hemisphere involvement in the recognition of complex visuo-spatial stimuli, whether or not these stimuli have verbal labels.
NLO QCD corrections to the production of ttZ in gluon fusion

We compute the $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s})$ QCD corrections to the partonic process $gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{t}Z$ at the LHC. This partonic channel is the dominant component of the scattering process $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{t}Z$, which will be important for measuring the $t\overline{t}Z$ electroweak couplings. We perform this calculation using a newly developed numerical technique for obtaining loop corrections. The $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s})$ corrections increase the total cross section by up to 75% for reasonable choices of the renormalization and factorization scales. Inclusion of these contributions decreases the residual scale dependence of the cross section coming from uncalculated higher order terms to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5%$.