cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New hope for type 2 diabetics: Targeting insulin resistance through the immune modulation of stem cells

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for the prevention and cure of the condition. Mounting evidence points to the involvement of immune dysfunction in insulin resistance in T2D, suggesting that immune modulation may be a useful tool in treating the disease. Recent advances in the use of adult stem cells from human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow for immune modulation hold promise for overcoming immune dysfunction in T2D without many of the complications associated with traditional immunosuppressive therapies. This review focuses on recent progress in the use of immune modulation in T2D and discusses the potential for future therapies. New insights are provided on the use of cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells (CB-SC) in T2D.
Towards task recommendation in micro-task markets

As researchers embrace micro-task markets for eliciting human input, the nature of the posted tasks moves from those requiring simple mechanical labor to requiring specific cognitive skills. On the other hand, increase is seen in the number of such tasks and the user population in micro-task market places requiring better search interfaces for productive user participation. In this paper we posit that understanding user skill sets and presenting them with suitable tasks not only maximizes the over quality of the output, but also attempts to maximize the benefit to the user in terms of more successfully completed tasks. We also implement a recommendation engine for suggesting tasks to users based on implicit modeling of skills and interests.We present results from a preliminary evaluation of our system using publicly available data gathered from a variety of human computation experiments recently conducted on Amazon's Mechanical Turk.
Genotypic-Phenotypic Discrepancies between Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves in Management Settings with High and Low Antibiotic Use

Davis, M.A., T.E. Besser, L.H. Orfe, K.N.K. Baker, A.S. Lanier, S.L. Broschat, D. New, and D.R. Call, ���Genotypic-phenotypic discrepancies between antibiotic resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli from calves in high and low antibiotic use management settings,�� Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 10, 3293-99, May 2011, PMCID3126435.
Quantitative relation between intermolecular and intramolecular binding of pro-rich peptides to SH3 domains.

Flexible linkers are often found to tether binding sequence motifs or connect protein domains. Here we analyze three usages of flexible linkers: 1), intramolecular binding of proline-rich peptides (PRPs) to SH3 domains for kinase regulation; 2), intramolecular binding of PRP for increasing the folding stability of SH3 domains; and 3), covalent linking of PRPs and other ligands for high-affinity bivalent binding. The basis of these analyses is a quantitative relation between intermolecular and intramolecular binding constants. This relation has the form Ki = Ke0p for intramolecular binding and Ke = Ke01Ke02p for bivalent binding. The effective concentration p depends on the length of the linker and the distance between the linker attachment points in the bound state. Several applications illustrate the usefulness of the quantitative relation. These include intramolecular binding to the Itk SH3 domain by an internal PRP and to a circular permutant of the α-spectrin SH3 domain by a designed PRP, and bivalent binding to the two SH3 domains of Grb2 by two linked PRPs. These and other examples suggest that flexible linkers and sequence motifs tethered to them, like folded protein domains, are also subject to tight control during evolution.
Wideband Rapid Interferer Detector Exploiting Compressed Sampling With a Quadrature Analog-to-Information Converter

We introduce a rapid interferer detector that uses compressed sampling (CS) with a quadrature analog-to-information converter (QAIC). By exploiting bandpass CS, a blind sub-Nyquist sampling approach, the QAIC offers an energy efficient and rapid interferer detection over a wide instantaneous bandwidth. The QAIC front end is implemented in 65 nm CMOS in 0.43 mm 2 and consumes 81 mW from a 1.1 V supply. It senses a frequency span of 1 GHz ranging from 2.7 to 3.7 GHz (PCAST Band) with a resolution bandwidth of 20 MHz in 4.4 µs, 50 times faster than traditional sweeping spectrum scanners. Rapid interferer detector with the bandpass QAIC is two orders of magnitude more energy efficient than traditional Nyquist-rate architectures and one order of magnitude more energy efficient than existing low-pass CS methods. Thanks to CS, the aggregate sampling rate of the QAIC interferer detector is compressed by 6.3 $\times$ compared to traditional Nyquist-rate architectures for the same instantaneous bandwidth.
The Economic Impact and Civic Pride of Sports Teams and Mega-Events: Do the Public and Professionals Agree?

Often sports leagues, organizing committees, and team owners justify the use of public funds used to build sports stadiums by the perceived economic impacts and civic pride generated by the team or mega event. Since the 1980s, there have been many economic studies looking at the economic impact and civic pride created by professional sports teams. Most of the economic literature finds that there is little or no economic impact from sports teams or mega-events, however there are mixed findings on the magnitude of civic pride. Overall, most of the economic literature suggests that the benefits created by sports teams or events do not outweigh the cost of public subsidies provided. We perform a survey of public opinion on U.S resident’s perception of economic impacts and civic pride benefits from mega events such as the Super Bowl and the Winter Olympics. Our study asks the question: Do residents believe that mega events and sports teams create economic impact and civic pride or not? We find that, like economists, the public is skeptical that public funding of mega events is a good idea.
Suboptimal Addiction Interventions for Patients Hospitalized with Injection Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis is a serious infection, often resulting from injection drug use. Inpatient treatment regularly focuses on management of infection without attention to the underlying addiction. We aimed to determine the addiction interventions done in patients hospitalized with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients hospitalized with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis from January, 2004 through August, 2014 at a large academic tertiary care center in Boston, Massachusetts. For the initial and subsequent admissions, data were collected regarding addiction interventions, including consultation by social work, addiction clinical nurse and psychiatry, documentation of addiction in the discharge summary plan, plan for medication-assisted treatment and naloxone provision. Results There were 102 patients admitted with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis, 50 patients (49.0%) were readmitted and 28 (27.5%) patients had ongoing injection drug use at readmission. At initial admission, 86.4% of patients had social work consultation, 23.7% had addiction consultation, and 24.0% had psychiatry consultation. Addiction was mentioned in 55.9% of discharge summary plans, 7.8% of patients had a plan for medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone was never prescribed. Of 102 patients, 26 (25.5%) are deceased. The median age at death was 40.9 years (interquartile range 28.7-48.7). Conclusions We found that patients hospitalized with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis had high rates of readmission, recurrent infective endocarditis and death. Despite this, addiction interventions were suboptimal. Improved addiction interventions are imperative in the treatment of injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis.
Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Basic and Clinical Considerations

Substantial progress has been made in the identification of additional patients with known inborn errors of purine or pyrimidine metabolism and in the extension of our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved. Novel new associations of known diseases have been found, including patients with a combined clinical presentation of xanthinuria and sulfite oxidase deficiency (Duran et al., 1978, 1979). The two disorders are linked together by a presumed abnormality of metabolism or binding of the trace metal molybdenum required as a structural component of both enzymes. Evidence has been presented for the presence of increased free radicals of oxygen as the mediators of the “clastic activity,” producing chromosomal rearrangements and increased sister chromotid exchange in such diverse disorders as Bloom syndrome, ataxia telangectasia, and lupus erythematosus (Emerit and Cerutti, 1981).
Self versus team attributions: a test of the "I'm OK, but the team's so-so" phenomenon.

Abstract The attributions made by female basketball players for both self and team were investigated. It was hypothesized that internal (ability/effort) ascriptions for self would not vary as a function of team outcome, while internal team-oriented attributions would be evaluated negatively as a consequence of failure. No predictions were made relative to external ascriptions (luck/task difficulty) for either self or team. Subjects were selected randomly from winning and losing teams within seven collegiate conferences. Initially, data were analyzed by means of MANOVA. Results indicated presence of overall significance. Data were then subjected to a discriminant function analysis with stepwise F tests. Separate 2 × 2 (Team Outcome x Locus of Causation) ANOV As with repeated measures on the last factor were computed for each dependent variable (ability/effort/luck/task difficulty). Results showed only limited support for the hypothesized relationship between team outcome and ascriptions for self versus tea...
Disrupted intrinsic connectivity among default, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal control networks in individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury

Objectives: Individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) often show detrimental deficits in higher order cognitive functions requiring coordination of multiple brain networks. Although assessing TBI-related deficits in higher order cognition in the context of network dysfunction is promising, few studies have systematically investigated altered interactions among multiple networks in chronic TBI. Method: We characterized disrupted resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and frontoparietal control network (FPCN) whose interactions are required for internally and externally focused goal-directed cognition in chronic TBI. Specifically, we compared the network interactions of 40 chronic TBI individuals (8 years post-injury on average) with those of 17 healthy individuals matched for gender, age, and years of education. Results: The network-based statistic (NBS) on DMN-DAN-FPCN connectivity of these groups revealed statistically significant (p NBS 2.58) reductions in within-DMN, within-FPCN, DMN-DAN, and DMN-FPCN connectivity of the TBI group over healthy controls. Importantly, such disruptions occurred prominently in between-network connectivity. Subsequent analyses further exhibited the disrupted connectivity patterns of the chronic TBI group occurring preferentially in long-range and inter-hemispheric connectivity of DMN-DAN-FPCN. Most importantly, graph-theoretic analysis demonstrated relative reductions in global, local and cost efficiency (p<.05) as a consequence of the network disruption patterns in the TBI group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that assessing multiple networks-of-interest simultaneously will allow us to better understand deficits in goal-directed cognition and other higher order cognitive phenomena in chronic TBI. Future research will be needed to better understand the behavioral consequences related to these network disruptions. (JINS, 2016, 22, 263–279)
Non-Violation Nullification or Impairment Causes of Action Under the TRIPS Agreement and the Fifth Ministerial Conference: A Warning and Reminder

From the standpoint of developing countries, the possibility of non- violation causes of action being brought under the TRIPS Agreement would give rise to serious risks. In the India-Mailbox decision, in which the Appellate Body (AB) first interpreted the TRIPS Agreement, it stressed reliance on the express text of the agreement and discounted the significance of Member’s expectations concerning its effects. Although the AB has given little indication that it would permit Members to significantly expand the agreement to encompass subject matter not expressly contemplated by the text, there remains the possibility of developing Members being forced to defend claims brought on non-violation grounds, even if for the most part such claims are ultimately rejected.
Breeding of sex-reversed males of Xenopus laevis Daudin.

SummaryXenopus larvae of male genetic sex develop into phenotypic females, if raised in weak solutions of estradiol (25 to 1000 μg/1). Such feminized males, if bred to normal males, produce uniformly male offspring. It is concluded that in Xenopus the males are the homozygous sex and that phenotypic sex reversal does not affect the male genetic constitution. The practicability of breeding entirely homozygous male and female laboratory stock of Xenopus is pointed out.
Effects of potassium on the guinea pig after barbiturate administration.

SummaryA study of the effect of hexo-barbital on the response of the guinea pig to injected potassium has revealed the following: 1) Potassium, even in maximally tolerated doses, is incapable of producing anesthesia when injected alone. 2) Potassium is capable of inducing a state indistinguishable from deep narcosis in pigs recovering from hexo-barbital anesthesia. 3) Potassium can produce moderately deep narcosis in guinea pigs given subanesthetic doses of hexobarbital. 4) Following the injection of small doses of hexobarbital, potassium can abolish the righting reflex in a fraction of the dose required when injected alone.
Research on Oil Pipeline Leak Detection System

A set of oil pipeline d etection system was studied and designed in light of the concrete condition of Kelamayi-Dushanzi oil pipeline.The technical principle and realization method were brought forward.A set of leak detection softwares based on negative wave detection theory was compiled with Visual Basic6.0language.The dynamic data exchange(DDE)technique was used to realize the integra-tion with SCADA system .
Interpretation of Escalation of Commitment Based on an Experiment Research: Self-justification Theory or Prospect Theory

Escalation of commitment is a well-know investment trap. There's no persuasive theory to interpret it. This paper, with an experiment research using the Staw's research paradigm, proved that Prospect Theory is more convincing than Self-justification Theory to interpret the escalation phenomenon where the principal-agent relationship absents.
The Value of Serial Prostate Specific Antigen Determinations 5 Years after Radiotherapy: Steeply Increasing Values Characterize 80% of Patients*

AbstractIn 1989 we reported on 124 consecutive unselected patients in whom serial polyclonal prostate specific antigen (PSA) determinations were done after radiotherapy to the prostate for clinical stages A, B, C and D1 disease. After a PSA followup of 32 months 51% of the patients had increasing values, while 41% were stable with a mean PSA level of 2.9ng./ml. We report an additional followup of 48 months on 113 of those patients, representing a mean overall followup of 6 years.Of the 113 patients 88 (78%) have a precipitously increasing PSA level with median doubling times of 14 (stage A), 15 (stage B), 7 (stage C) and 8 (stage Dl) months, respectively, at a mean followup of 5 years after radiotherapy. A total of 23 patients (20%) appears cured with a PSA level of less than 1.7ng./ml. at a mean followup of 9 years (median 7.7). Of the 113 patients 2 continued to have a decreasing PSA level 3 years after irradiation. Among the cured patients there was no relationship to clinical stage A, B or C cancer.We...
Bayesian Nonparametrics for Missing Data in Longitudinal Clinical Trials

We discuss the problem of performing inference on a causal effect of interest, such as an intention-to-treat effect, in the context of longitudinal clinical trials with informatively missing data. Addressing this problem requires the modeling of infinite-dimensional nuisance parameters; modeling these nuisance parameters poorly can result in substantial bias in the original estimation problem. Additionally, the presence of informative (nonignorable) missingness results in effects of interest being unidentified in the absence of strong, unverifiable, assumptions. We argue that Bayesian nonparametric methods are natural in this setting because they (1) allow for flexible modeling and (2) allow for uncertainty in untestable assumptions to be taken into account through the use of informative priors elicited from subject matter experts. We further argue that a sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of unverifiable assumptions is essential. Flexible Bayesian approaches which incorporate the longitudinal structure of the data are presented in the context of categorical and continuous outcomes, and strategies for sensitivity analysis are discussed in both cases. The methods are illustrated on data from a clinical trial designed to assess the efficacy of treatments for acute Schizophrenia.
Aspiring Tyrants and Theatrical Defiance

It will be remembered that I am addressing Bakhtin’s reluctance to acknowledge in the theatre the same potential for dialogue between worlds that he finds in the novel, and Todorov’s observations concerning the failure of the human community to reckon with otherness in its midst. And I am doing so within the single matrix of dramatizations of the conquest of Mexico.
Mechanosensitivity of Actin Turnover Allows Cells to Maintain Homeostasis against Myosin-II Contractile Fluctuations in the Cytoskeleton

The actomyosin cytoskeleton undergoes constant stochastic perturbations that cells accommodate to maintain structural homeostasis and integrity. The statistical properties of cytoskeletal fluctuations therefore reflect the remodeling mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Here we combined experiment and mathematical modeling to study fluctuations in the network of cytoskeletal stress fibers. Fluctuation analysis of this type is a powerful approach to illuminate mechanisms without mutations or drug treatments that can radically alter behavior.Stress fibers are structurally reproducible cytoskeletal elements comprising contractile sarcomeric units in series. We measured sarcomere length statistics in mouse embryonic fibroblast, using zyxin fluorescence intensity peaks to mark sarcomere boundaries. Over ∼1000 s, sarcomere lengths fluctuated diffusively, with mean-squared change in length (MSCL) growing linearly in time with a short time “length diffusivity” (Dearly ∼ 2000 nm2s−1 for t 30 s).A mathematical model reproduced this behavior, supporting a remodeling mechanism based on mechanosensitivity of actin disassembly/assembly rates to elastic stresses that grow (decrease) when sarcomeres shorten (lengthen). The stochastic perturbations are caused by fluctuations in actin polymerization rates and in myosin-II forces. Remarkably, the model reproduced the bilinear MSCL time dependence: the early phase reflects sliding of fixed length actin filaments, while at long times the filaments assemble/disassemble synchronously with length change.We find that myosin fluctuations are by far the biggest source of stochastic perturbation. These fluctuations are intrinsically irreversible, associated with free energy dissipation, and therefore cannot be associated with an ‘active’ temperature. The test of this is that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is violated: the FDT predicts a ratio of length diffusivities Dearly/Dlate ∼ 3, whereas we measured a ratio of ∼ 20.
Practical Fluoroscopy of the GI and GU Tracts

Practical Fluoroscopy of the GI and GU Tracts highlights the critical role of fluoroscopy in the diagnosis of luminal GI and GU diseases, presenting both the fundamentals and nuances for performing and interpreting all types of these examinations. The text presents detailed descriptions of the techniques for performing GI and GU fluoroscopic procedures in a logical, stepwise format. Practical tips, advice and solutions address the problems and pitfalls commonly encountered during these examinations. Clear, concise, yet comprehensive descriptions of the relevant clinical and radiographic findings and differential diagnoses also provide a focused approach for interpreting GI and GU studies. A plethora of carefully annotated figures illustrate the pertinent findings. Practical Fluoroscopy of the GI and GU Tracts is a must-have text for both radiology trainees and experienced radiologists and is an essential addition to the library of every radiology training program and the fluoroscopy suite of every radiology practice.
3D-Printed Zeolite Monoliths for CO2 Removal from Enclosed Environments

Structured adsorbents, especially in the form of monolithic contactors, offer an excellent gas–solid contacting strategy for the development of practical and scalable CO2 capture technologies. In this study, the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D)-printed 13X and 5A zeolite monoliths with novel structures and their use in CO2 removal from air are reported. The physical and structural properties of these printed monoliths are evaluated and compared with their powder counterparts. Our results indicate that 3D-printed monoliths with zeolite loadings as high as 90 wt % exhibit adsorption uptake that is comparable to that of powder sorbents. The adsorption capacities of 5A and 13X monoliths were found to be 1.59 and 1.60 mmol/g, respectively, using 5000 ppm (0.5%) CO2 in nitrogen at room temperature. The dynamic CO2/N2 breakthrough experiments show relatively fast dynamics for monolithic structures. In addition, the printed zeolite monoliths show reasonably good mechanical stability that can eventually preve...
Acetazolamide for Partial Seizures

Acetazolamide (Diamox) (AZM) was tried as an adjunct to carbamazepine (CBZ) in 48 refractory partial seizure patients, the majority being adults and only 5 under 12 years of age.
PSA IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

Prostate specific antigen has become an important adjunct to the digital rectal examination in screening for prostate cancer. The clinician should be familiar with interpretation of this test. Many men with BPH have elevated serum PSA concentrations; however, the majority of these men will have other pathologic processes such as occult cancer, PIN, or acute inflammation that may account for the elevations in serum PSA. Certainly, serial increases in serum PSA should increase concern that occult carcinoma is present. Patients with PIN may also have elevated PSA concentrations. When PIN is associated with elevated PSA, a high incidence of invasive carcinoma is noted on subsequent biopsy. Further investigation into the associations will further refine the clinical utility of this powerful tumor marker.
The Determinants of the Division of Labor between Men and Women in Paid Employment in the Global North and South: How Occupational Sex-typing Informs the Study of Gender and Development

This essay attempts to contribute to the study of gender and development by developing a systematic theory of the division of work between men and women in the global North and the global South. There is an extensive literature on women9s work and development; this literature consists of rich case studies that do not attempt to identify general principles that apply to women9s work as a whole. In formal employment settings, women are most likely to be excluded from settings where employers are buffered from labor costs and do not have to utilize cheap labor. In the global North, this means settings that are capital-intensive, where raw material and machinery costs reduce the importance of wage costs in total budgets. In the global South, petroleum lowers the importance of wage costs, promoting male employment, while export orientation increases the importance of cheap labor, promoting female employment. Family firms and female self-employment have their own dynamics, which are discussed.
Treating Uncertainty in Meta-Analytic Results

Tett, Hundley, and Christiansen (2017) describe two main sources of uncertainty that are usually reported in a meta-analysis: uncertainty about the value of the underlying mean correlation (which they describe as SE(rxy )) and uncertainty about the individual values of rho that arise from the random-effects variance (the square root of which they describe as SD(rho)). They proceed to recommend descriptions of small, medium, and large values of each uncertainty that meta-analysts should report and consider for interpretation. However, there exists a simpler solution to expressing and interpreting such uncertainty.
Wide-band high permeability metamaterials

New possibilities to design a wide-band high permeability metamaterials are considered in this paper. A metamaterial formed by stacking multi-layered square loops with small incremental variations in dimensions between layers is presented. By doing that, we create multi-resonant response of metamaterials which can achieve high permeability over a wide frequency range. It is shown that the proposed design can achieve approximately five times more band-width than the single resonant metamaterial for the permeability values greater than two.
Aristotle and Werhane on Moral Imagination

Aristotle holds that virtue is more important to ethics than is following principles, though principles count for something. To act virtuously requires finding a mean between two bad extremes, such as cowardice and foolhardiness. This in turn requires the ability to see which details of a case are salient – or, in Aristotle’s terms, what the essence of the situation is. The enabling faculty Aristotle calls perception. Werhane’s account of moral imagination is similar. Perception can go wrong, according to Aristotle, when we apply the wrong principle to a situation because we do not see the situation for what it really is. This Werhane calls failure of moral imagination.
Effect of Modulated Taylor-Vortex Flows on Crystal-Melt Interfaces

During crystal growth from the melt phase, the interaction of the crystal-melt interface with convection in the melt is of fundamental importance. For growth of a metallic alloy or doped semiconductor, the distribution of solute in the growing crystal is determined by the prevailing conditions near the crystal-melt interface; convection in the melt and interface instability may both produce solute inhomogeneities that result in an inferior crystal. A specific example of strong interaction between the crystal-melt interface and flow in the melt is provided by a time-modulated Taylor-Couette flow of a single-component fluid with a cylindrical crystal-melt interface.
The Mind and its Nucleosomes – Chromatin (dys)Regulation in Major Psychiatric Disease

Exploration of brain epigenomes, including DNA (hydroxy-)methylation and a large cache of more than 100 site- and residue-specific covalent histone modifications is expected to provide an important layer of information concerning the neurobiology of normal brain development and aging, as well as the genetics, pathophysiology and eventually neuropharmacology of autism, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety spectrum disorders including post-traumatic stress. Here, we discuss how recent advances in epigenome explorations of normal and diseased human brain, together with new findings in animal models, advance our knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, with important implications for the design of novel therapies with chromatin modifying drugs.
Connecting filaments, core filaments, and side-struts: a proposal to add three new load-bearing structures to the sliding filament model.

This report concerns structural forces in resting muscle and proposes three additions to the sliding filament model to account for these mechanical properties. The proposal includes: connecting filaments (C-filaments) which connect the ends of each thick filament to the neighboring Z-lines, core filaments which support the myosin of the thick filament and which attach to the C-filaments, and side-struts which bind the thick filaments together along their length and restrict their radial movement. C-filaments would act as the parallel elastic element and transmit the passive tension to the thick filaments.
Entomopathogenic Fungi: “Perfect” Phyla

The 500 species of the group Oomycota that are now considered to be protoctists were historically thought to be aquatic fungi (see Chapter 8). Oomycetes are heterotrophic and contain a variety of free-living and pathogenic members. Several groups such as the rusts, root rot, and downy mildews are plant pathogens, whereas others such as the Saprolegnia species are parasites of fish and various invertebrates. The causal agent of late blight in potatoes is the oomycete Phytophora infestons, In 1846 this plant disease infected the potato crop in Ireland, causing the great famine which resulted in one million human deaths and stimulated the massive emigration of the Irish people. A second plant disease, the downy mildew of grapes, threatened the European wine industry in the 1800’s and led to the development of the first chemical fungicide, the Bordeaux mixture.
The polysemy of ‘part’

Some philosophers assume that our ordinary parts-whole concepts are intuitive and univocal. Moreover, some assume that mereology—the formal theory of parts-whole relations—adequately captures these intuitive and univocal notions. Lewis (Parts of classes. Blackwell, Oxford, 1991: p. 75), for example, maintains that mereology is “perfectly understood, unproblematic, and certain.” Following his lead, many assume that expressions such as ‘is part of’ are (i) univocal, (ii) topic-neutral, and that (iii) compositional monism is true. This paper explores the rejection of (i)–(iii). I argue that our ordinary parts-whole expressions are polysemous; they have multiple distinct, but related, interpretations or meanings. I canvass several criteria by which to test for polysemy, and apply these criteria to some of our parts-whole terminology. I also examine some philosophical examples involving abstracta and abstract parts, which give us additional reasons to think that our parts-whole expressions are polysemous and topic-specific. Yet if so, then compositional pluralism is true.
Following the nucleation pathway from disordered liquid to gyroid mesophase

Mesophases have order intermediate between liquids and crystals and arise in systems with frustration, such as surfactants, block copolymers, and Janus nanoparticles. The gyroid mesophase contains two interpenetrated, nonintersecting chiral networks that give it properties useful for photonics. It is challenging to nucleate a gyroid from the liquid. Elucidating the reaction coordinate for gyroid nucleation could assist in designing additives that facilitate the formation of the mesophase. However, the complexity of the gyroid structure and the extreme weakness of the first-order liquid to gyroid transition make this a challenging quest. Here, we investigate the pathway and transition states for the nucleation of a gyroid from the liquid in molecular simulations with a mesogenic binary mixture. We find that the gyroid nuclei at the transition states have a large degree of positional disorder and are not compact, consistent with the low surface free energy of the liquid-gyroid interface. A combination of bond-order parameters for the minor component is best to describe the passage from liquid to gyroid, among those we consider. The committor analyses, however, show that this best coordinate is not perfect and suggests that accounting for the relative ordering of the two interpenetrated networks in infant nuclei, as well as for signatures of ordering in the major component of the mesophase, would improve the accuracy of the reaction coordinate for gyroid formation and its use to evaluate nucleation barriers. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the reaction coordinate and critical nuclei for the formation of any mesophase from an amorphous phase.
Virtue Ethics, Teleology, and Religion in the Aristotelian Tradition

Underlying virtue-based ethics is the claim that there is a transcendent good, and that this good is naturally knowable. Yet, this transcendent good is knowable not only through reason, but takes on a more specific character vis-a-vis claims about divine revelation, in particular and perhaps most importantly as regards the final end of humanity. Consequently, those acts and habits which are considered virtuous in the natural ordering of man also take on a more specific character in the light of the content of divine revelation. This chapter explores the relationship between virtue ethics and revealed religion in the Aristotelian tradition, notably where there are points of convergence and development upon that which is known through reason by that which is claimed to be revealed by God.
Modulation of the inflammatory response benefits treatment-resistant bipolar depression: A randomized clinical trial.

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to reduce treatment resistance and enhance antidepressant response in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBDD) by modulating inflammatory activation. Methods Forty-seven TRBDD patients completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled two-arm study using celecoxib (CBX), a cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in combination with escitalopram (ESC). The Hamilton Depression (17-Item) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales were used to quantify symptom severity. Self-rating instruments included BDI, BAI and QLES-Q questioner. An adverse events inventory was used, and the possibility of bleeding diathesis was monitored. Complete blood count (CBC), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined. Comparison of mood scores between the CBX and PBO groups were conducted using a mixed ANOVA and an Independent Sample Student t-test. Results The CBX adjunctive treatment produced significantly more responders and remitters than the PBO arm. Compared to the PBO group (n = 20), the CBX group (n = 27) experienced lower depression severity through the entire course of the study, showing significant decrease in depression and anxiety scores as early as week 1. Except for initial mild nausea, no adverse events were reported and study medications were well tolerated. Conclusions Modulation of the inflammatory response through targeted inhibition of the enzyme COX-2 by means of CBX reduces TRBDD and augments and accelerates treatment response in an efficacious and safe manner. Future studies should replicate these findings and additionally investigate whether prolonged administration of CBX is required to maintain remission by adding a discontinuation phase to the study design. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT01479829.
The Impact of Shift Work and Circadian Dysregulation on Women’s Health

Circadian rhythms are the near 24-h processes that regulate human physiology and behavior. While these rhythms generally occur in coordination with the 24-h environment, intrinsic and extrinsic processes can result in dysregulation of these rhythms, either with respect to the environment, or within an individual. There is growing evidence that this dysregulation, most frequently observed in shift workers, is associated with adverse health outcomes. In this chapter we will highlight the data supporting a role for circadian dysregulation in a woman’s risk for breast cancer, cardiometabolic disease, and reproductive health problems.
To shop or shelter? Issue framing effects and social-distancing preferences in the COVID-19 pandemic

As a result of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), U.S. federal, state, and local governmental officials have struggled to coordinate consistent, coherent messaging for citizens to social-distance. The pandemic presents an important context for examining alternative communication frames employed by governments. This study presents results from an artefactual survey experiment in which public-health information regarding COVID-19 was transmitted to a panel of U.S. adult respondents via alternative issue frames and messengers. The findings highlight the importance of delivering consistent messages to the public. Public-health frames positively influence citizen preferences for avoiding unnecessary travel. Conversely, economic frames appear to have the opposite effect, increasing the preference to make unnecessary trips to shop. However, federal messengers appear to strengthen the framing effect relative to expert messengers.
Brexucabtagene autoleucel for the treatment of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma

Introduction: The therapeutic options for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) include traditional chemo-immunotherapy for newly diagnosed cases, and targeted treatments including the bruton tyrosine kinase ...
Preparing for A COVID-19 Vaccine: A Mixed Methods Study of Vaccine Hesitant Parents.

This study investigated vaccine acceptance of putative COVID-19 vaccines among a national sample of vaccine hesitant parents. Vaccine hesitancy and politicization of vaccine development has led to a pronounced distrust of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. A total of 1,381 vaccine-hesitant parents participated in this study. Participants indicated a general unwillingness to vaccinate their children (M = 3.55, SD = 2.13) and themselves (M = 3.58, SD = 2.16) when a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available. More educated parents were more likely to plan to vaccinate themselves [F(5, 533) = 9.93, p < .05] and their children [F(5, 533) = 10.278, p < .05]. Understanding vaccine hesitant parents offers crucial insights as a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available for the general public and as we wait for a vaccine to be approved for pediatric use.
Airbridge cell for ultra-efficient photovoltaic conversion of thermal radiation

State-of-the-art TPV converters use cells with high out-of-band reflectance to facilitate a photon recycle process, in which sub-bandgap photons are reflected by the cell and subsequently re-absorbed at the emitter. However, cells relying on metallic back surface reflectors, Bragg/plasma filters, and photonic crystals for spectral control suffer from undesired out-of-band absorptance and have yet to surpass 95% out-of-band reflectance. Here we describe the fabrication and characterization of a thin-film In0.53Ga0.47As thermophotovoltaic cell with an air-bridge architecture, in which the absorber material is suspended over an air gap, supported by Au grid lines. The average out-of-band reflectance of the cell exceeds 98% due to lossless Fresnel reflectance at the In0.53Ga0.47As-air interface and < 2% loss at the air-Au interface. The result is a record-high TPV conversion efficiency of 32%, characterized under illumination by a 1455K SiC globar.
A New Multi-Level Power Series Solution Algorithm to Solve Electrically Large Electromagnetic Scattering Problems Applicable to Conducting Bodies

Recently, a power series solution method was proposed to obtain the induced current distribution and radar cross section (RCS) for electrically large conducting bodies [1] . The method is based on the well known method of moments (MOM) and retains all the advantages of the conventional MOM and is still applicable to electrically large bodies. In this work, we extend this approach to a multi-level algorithm, which generates more efficient solution with fewer computer resources.
Highly Repetitive Sequences of DNA in Chromosomes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses highly repetitive sequences (in mammals), which are small in length and highly repetitive and are termed “impure or dirty homopolymers,” that are naturally occurring. The chapter focuses on the highly repetitive sequences of the DNAs of mouse and guinea pig. The chapter explains what highly repetitive sequences are and outlines their course of evolution. It also describes the function of highly repetitive DNA sequences in chromosomes. The discovery of highly repetitive sequences has a potential as a means of learning about the evolution of nucleotide sequences, the organization of the genome, and possibly about gene repression and derepression makes it an attractive subject for further investigation.
Multilevel analysis of the low-energy /sup 239/Pu cross sections

Several sets of /sup 239/Pu neutron cross-section data have been analyzed with the R-matrix Bayesian program SAMMY up to 30 eV. The cross sections computed with the multilevel parameters are consistent with recent fission and transmission measurements, as well as with older capture and alpha measurements. The Reich-Moore-type-R-matrix resonance parameters were converted into equivalent Adler-Adler-type parameters using the computer program POLLA.
Developing Trust and Relationships in the Supply Chain Using Social Media

There are millions of users of Twitter, Facebook, Linked-in and other social media. Because of that access to large number of users, marketing has made extensive use of social media to get closer to the customer. Unfortunately, the supply chain has made only limited use of social media. However, social media can play an important role in the supply chain, gathering information and knowledge from disparate sources, and increasing available information, visibility of that information and velocity of that information in the supply chain. Those resulting changes in information characteristics can facilitate “sharing” information, knowledge and plans. As a result, social media in the supply chain can enable greater development of supply chain relationships and trust.
Nanotechnology and Nanoengineering of Construction Materials

This paper reviews the state of the field of nanotechnology of construction materials. The impact of recent advances in instrumentation and design of advanced composite materials is discussed. Main directions, historical milestones and recent progress in nanoengineering and nanomodification of cement-based materials are presented.
Parabolic reflectors formed by inflation

Abstract Paraboloids of revolution over 1 meter in diameter have been formed from flat sheets by inflation without the use of a mold or template. Quality is adequate for microwave use and for most high-concentration applications for focusing solar energy. The process is suitable for making reflectors in ones or twos to special focal lengths and diameters, but could also be automated for production runs.
Power Rectifiers and Transistors

The behavior of donor, acceptor, and ohmic contacts prepared by fusing impurity metals to germanium is discussed. Power rectifiers having rectification ratios as high as 107 can be made by fusing donor and acceptor contacts to opposite surfaces of a germanium wafer. An analysis of their electrical characteristics is presented which agrees well with the measured performance. The properties of transistors prepared in a similar manner and which are capable of 100 watts of output power are described.
Opioid antagonists and butorphanol dependence

Butorphanol has been known to act on mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors, mu- and possibly delta-receptors are thought to mediate morphine dependence. Relative to morphine, butorphanol has a higher affinity for mu- and delta-receptors. In the present study, beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) and naltrindole (NTI) (nonequilibrium mu- and delta-antagonist, respectively) were used to precipitate withdrawal in butorphanol-dependent rats. It was found that beta-FNA (12, 24, 48, and 100 nM) did not elicit significant withdrawal behaviors, while NTI caused teeth-chattering (100 nM), wet shakes (100 nM), forepaw tremors (24 nM), yawning (48 and 100 nM), ejaculation (24 nM), and urination (100 nM). The present results indicate that delta-opioid receptors may be involved in mediating butorphanol dependence, while the involvement of mu-opioid receptors needs to be further investigated.
Hyperpyrexia associated with sustained muscle contractions: An alternative diagnosis to central fever

Muscle activity is the principal source of body heat production, and elevated core body temperatures may occur in healthy exercising persons. Hyperpyrexia from sustained tonic muscle contractions can also occur in a number of pathological conditions. The present case of hyperpyrexia associated with dystonic posturing and sustained muscle contraction in a child with encephalopathy illustrates the importance of recognizing muscular activity in the generation of fever of unknown origin following central nervous system injury. The pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of this uncommon cause of fever are discussed.
TREATMENT OF HCV: Approach to Difficult Cases

The treatment of patients with HCV in itself represents a challenge for the treating physicians, but is particularly difficult in special situations where experience is limited. In patients with normal aminotransferases or an incomplete response to IFN, the safety of IFN administration is not the major issue, but one should consider the limited effectiveness of the therapy. In other patients, such as those with concomitant autoimmune hepatitis, an immunosuppressed state or a major psychiatric illness, IFN can be administered but may be associated with serious risks. In these cases, IFN should be used under strictly supervised circumstances and only by physicians with considerable familiarity with the drug. After needle stick exposures, IFN may prevent progression of acute infection to chronic hepatitis. Finally, in patients with well-established cirrhosis, IFN treatment may prevent decomposition or the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In each of these categories, treatment must be tailored to the individual case based on good clinical judgment. It is hoped that greater experience, newer therapies, and a better understanding of the natural history of HCV infection will simplify the treatment of these cases that currently present difficult management problems.
Vessel extraction in medical images by wave-propagation and traceback

Presents an approach for the extraction of vasculature from angiography images by using a wave propagation and traceback mechanism. The authors discuss both the theory and the implementation of the approach. Using a dual-sigmoidal filter, they label each pixel in an angiogram with the likelihood that it is within a vessel. Representing the reciprocal of this likelihood image as an array of refractive indexes, the authors propagate a digital wave through the image from the base of the vascular tree. This wave "washes" over the vasculature, ignoring local noise perturbations. The extraction of the vasculature becomes that of tracing the wave along the local normals to the waveform. While the approach is inherently single instruction stream multiple data stream (SIMD), the authors present an efficient sequential algorithm for the wave propagation and discuss the traceback algorithm. They demonstrate the effectiveness of their integer image neighborhood-based algorithm and its robustness to image noise.