cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diallyl trisulfide, a constituent of processed garlic, inactivates Akt to trigger mitochondrial translocation of BAD and caspase-mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells

We have shown previously that apoptosis induction by diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a constituent of processed garlic, in PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells is associated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2. However, pharmacological inhibition of these kinases offers only partial protection against the cell death caused by DATS. Here, we demonstrate that DATS inactivates Akt to trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Treatment of PC-3/DU145 cells with apoptosis inducing concentration of DATS (40 microM) resulted in a rapid decrease in Ser(473) and Thr(308) phosphorylation of Akt leading to inhibition of its kinase activity. The DATS-mediated inactivation of Akt was associated with downregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 protein level and inhibition of its autophosphorylation. DATS treatment (40 microM) also caused a decrease in Ser(155) and Ser(136) phosphorylation of BAD (a proapoptotic protein), which is a downstream target of Akt. Phosphorylation sequesters BAD in the cytoplasm owing to increased binding with 14-3-3 proteins. The interaction between BAD and 14-3-3beta was reduced markedly upon a 4 h treatment with 40 microM DATS in both cell lines. Consistent with these results, DATS treatment (40 microM, 4 h) promoted mitochondrial translocation of BAD as revealed by immunocytochemistry. Ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt conferred statistically significant protection against DATS-induced apoptosis. The DATS-induced apoptosis in both cell lines was significantly attenuated in the presence of pan caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk and caspase 9 specific inhibitor zLEHD-fmk. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that DATS-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is mediated, at least in part, by inactivation of Akt signaling axis.
Perspectives on industrial reactor control 2: An update from CPC 3

Abstract This paper will discuss the evolution of reactor control over the last 25 years within the DuPont Company and its subsidiaries. It will focus on high level trends in control philosophy, systems and approaches. These changes have been necessary in order to achieve higher rates, better yields, improved uptime and a more sustainable footprint. This paper is an update to an article that was presented twenty-five years ago at Chemical Process Control (CPC) 3. The main focus will be on the use of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for reactor processes.
Copy-based versus edit-based version management schemes for structured documents

Managing multiple versions of XML documents and semistructured data represents a problem of growing interest. Traditional version control methods, such as RCS, use edit scripts representing changes in the document to support the incremental reconstruction of different versions. The edit-based approaches have been enhanced with a replication scheme called UBCC (Chien et al., 2000). UBCC is based on the notion of page usefulness and ensures effective management for multi-version documents in terms of both retrieval and storage cost. These improvements notwithstanding, the edit-based representation suffers from limited generality and flexibility-e.g., it cannot represent changes such as rearranging the document or duplicating parts of its content. To solve these problems, the paper proposes a copy-based UBCC versioning scheme, which also provides a simpler format for the electronic exchange of multi-version documents. With the objective of matching the performance of the edit-based UBCC technique, we develop algorithms that enhance the copy-based UBCC scheme with page usefulness management. We also present results of various experiments that test the storage and retrieval performance of the new copy-based approach, and compare it with that of the edit-based UBCC approach.
Children's college aspirations and expectations: The potential role of children's development accounts (CDAs)

Abstract For many children, especially minority and low-income children, attending college is a genuinely desired but elusive goal. Research on aspirations and expectations may provide a way to understand the gap between what children desire and what they actually expect to happen. This study examines the potential role of Children's Development Accounts (CDAs) as a way to reduce the aspirations and expectations gap among at risk children using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data. While the vast majority of children without a CDA aspire to attend college (80%), only 39% see it as a realistic possibility in their lives. That is an aspirations/expectations gap of 41 percentage points. Moreover, children with a CDA are nearly twice as likely to expect to attend college than children without a CDA. It appears that when the financing of college is perceived as being under children's own control, college attendance may become more of a reality. Children with a CDA are not only more likely to expect to attend college, they perform better in school. Having a CDA is associated with a 4.57 point increase in math scores. Moreover, findings suggest that children's college expectations act as a partial mediator between CDAs and children's math achievement.
CBIR in medicine: still a long way to go

The application of content-based image retrieval technologies in medicine thus far has not been successful. Existing techniques deal with two-dimensional images and are concerned with searching through generic image features such as color, shape, texture, or a combination of these. For multimedia medical data, application-specific algorithms for feature extraction and better data models must be developed.
Digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fiber and chemical composition within some selected by-product feedstuffs

Nine by-product feedstuffs (BPF) obtained from three different sources were evaluated for nutrient composition, estimated nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) and TDN content, and total extent and rate of digestion of DM and NDF. The nine BPF evaluated included: beet pulp (BP), rice bran (RB), almond hulls (AI-I), citrus pulp (CT), bakery waste (BW), wheat mill run (WMR), brewers’ grains (BG), distillery grains (DG) and soy hulls (SH). Twenty-seven samples were evaluated and were a subset of a larger study reported previously. In sacco techniques were used to measure the amount of NDF and DM remaining in nylon bags after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of incubation in the rumen of a rumen listulated cow. Chemical analyses measured included ash, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein in the NDF (NDFCP) and ADF (ADFCP) fractions. Chemical composition differed among BPF source. This difference could be due to processing method or ingredients added to BPF during processing. The amount of CP associated with the NDF fraction varied among sources of each BPF. The amount of NDFCP also differed for each BPF. The NDFCP content of CT, O&l%, was low compared with DG, 14.5%, which was high compared with the other BPF evaluated. Correcting for the fiber-bound protein increased the estimate of NSC slightly for most BPF, but the NSC content of DG was increased 88%. The results indicate a correction for NDFCP is necessary for an accurate estimation of NSC in BPF. Within a given BPF, the extent and rate of digestion of NDF were different for each source. The TDN content of each sample was calculated using the rate of in sacco NDF digestion for each BPF at three theoretical rates of passage from
An ontology-supported web focused-crawler for Java programs

This paper proposed an ontology-support web focused-crawler: OntoCrawler III for Java programs, in which only the user entered some keywords would the system supported by the domain ontology actively provide comparison and verification for those keywords so as to up-rise the precision and recall rates of webpage searching. This technique has practically been installed in Google and Yahoo search engines and furthermore searched and filtered out unduplicated and related Java open source webpages and accordingly downloaded and stored the results into a database to let the backend systems to do advanced processes. The preliminary experiment outcomes proved the OntoCrawler III based on ontology-supported techniques proposed in this paper could not only really up-rise the precision and recall rates of webpage searching but also should successfully download related webpage information.
Complementary and alternative medicine use in families of children with cerebral palsy

In order to assess patterns of usage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in families of children with cerebral palsy (CP), 213 families with a child (0 to 18 years) with CP were recruited at the university medical center in Ann Arbor, MI, USA as part of a descriptive survey. Two hundred and thirty-five surveys were distributed. Mean age of the child was 8 years 6 months (SD 4y : 9mo) and 56% of the sample was male with 35% full-time independent ambulators, while the rest used an assistive device or a wheelchair. Fifty-four percent were in special education classrooms. Families were given a survey on functional status of the child with CP, CAM usage of the child and the parent, factors influencing the decision to use CAM, demographics, and clinical information. Of the families, 56%, used one or more CAM techniques. Massage therapy (25%) and aquatherapy (25%) were the most common. Children of families that used CAM were significantly younger (7y : 9mo, SD 4y : 7mo) than non-users (9y : 6mo, SD 4y : 6mo: t-test p < 0.01 two-tailed). Children with quadriplegic CP, with spasticity, and those who could not walk independently were more commonly exposed to CAM (Pearson's chi2 [P(chi)2] p = 0.01 two-tailed; for mobility, odds ratio [OR] of 2.5 with regression). Mothers with a college degree had a greater tendency to use CAM for their child than those without (P(chi)2 p = 0.01 two-tailed). Fathers of children who used CAM were older than fathers of those who did not (37y : 9mo versus 33y : 2mo, p = 0.04 two-tailed). There was no significant difference between groups for mother's age, father's education, income, or for population of home town. Parents who used CAM for themselves were more likely to try CAM for their child (70% versus 47%, OR 2.1), and were much more likely to be pleased with the outcome (71% versus 42%, OR 3.5). Child's age (younger), lack of independent mobility, and parental use of CAM were the most significant predictive factors identified via logistic regression.
Characterizing environmental information users

The information seeking and use characteristics of three groups of individuals interested in environmental information are described using a data consolidation technique known in the human-computer interaction field as "persona". These user archetypes show differences in the information sources sought, information behaviors shown, and in the information products generated by researchers, environmental educators, and members of the public involved in the environmental movement.
A multilevel distance-based index structure for multivariate time series

Multivariate time series (MTS) datasets are common in various multimedia, medical and financial applications. In previous work, we introduced a similarity measure for MTS datasets, termed Eros (extended Frobenius norm), which is based on the Frobenius norm and principal component analysis (PCA). Eros computes the similarity between two MTS items by measuring how close the corresponding principal components (PCs) are using the eigenvalues as weights. Since the weights are based on the data items in the database, they change whenever data are inserted into or removed from the database. In this paper, we propose a distance-based index structure, Muse (Multilevel distance-based index structure for Eros), for efficient retrieval of MTS items using Eros. Muse constructs each level as a distance-based index structure without using the weights, up to z levels. At the query time, Muse combines the z levels with the weights, which enables the weights to change without the need to rebuild the index structure. In order to show the efficiency of Muse, we performed several experiments on a set of synthetically generated clustered datasets. The results show the superiority of Muse as compared to sequential scan and M-tree in performance.
Genetic alterations in the mouse myelin basic proteins result in a range of dysmyelinating disorders.

The classic myelin basic proteins (MBPs) are a family of small membrane-associated proteins that are specifically expressed in myelin-forming cells. MBPs are extremely abundant in compact myelin, accounting for 30–40% of the total protein content in the CNS and 10–20% in the PNS. Initial molecular studies on the structure of the MBP gene identified the gene as ~32 kb in length and comprised of seven exons [1,2]. The MBP gene was found to map to chromosome 18 in the mouse and human and, by alternative RNA splicing, code for all of the known MBP isoforms [1,3–6]. Later, it was determined in both mice and humans that the MBP gene and its myelin-specific promoter were actually part of a much larger transcription unit [7,8]. This larger gene includes five additional exons upstream of the myelin-specific transcription unit that are alternatively spliced to form a separate family of MBP-related (golli) polypeptides. The MBP gene is now known to consist of 11 exons and three promoter regions that span over ~105 kb in mouse and ~180 kb in humans [9]. In the mouse gene, there are three transcription start sites that are active at various pre and postnatal developmental time points. The first transcription start site activates expression of the golli–MBP messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in neurons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the nervous system as well as T-cells and macrophages in the thymus. Unlike the classic MBPs, the golli–MBPs are not components of the myelin sheath but instead are localized primarily within the cell bodies and processes [10]. Transcription start sites 2 and 3 generate the bclassicQ MBP isoforms. There are six different classic MBP isoforms that have similar amino acid sequences but range in molecular mass from 14 to 21.5 kDa [1,2,11]. The MBP proteins are positively charged molecules that are believed to play a key role in the formation of compact myelin by bringing together the cytoplasmic surfaces of the myelin membrane, presumably
Technology and Teacher Education: Are We Talking to Ourselves?

Colleges and schools of education today are facing a challenge caused by the differing philosophies and views of their teacher education faculty and the educational technology faculty. Some believe that technology should play a role in education and should be integrated within teacher education courses. Others feel technology should be left to an expert who teaches one course on technology skills. Still others believe that there are more important skills preservice teachers need, such as literacy or child development, and that technology is receiving too much attention.
A Public Utility Cloud

This study is an exploration of the results of recent studies of cloud computing, comparing them with economic and policy findings in studies of other industries that have been thought to provide infrastructural, utility services.
A Comment on Capon and Lutz's Model and Methodology for the Development of Consumer Information Programs:

THE desirability of improved consumer information environments is a well-accepted concept. Little agreement exists, however, on either the specific goals for improved environments or the methods for achieving them (Capon and Lutz 1979). The literature on consumerism reflects the ideological inconsistency between what consumers know and what they ought to know (Engel et al. 1978), and concepts advocated by special interest groups (e.g., consumer activists or corporate lobbyists) or by marketing experts (e.g., advocates of consumer education, Thorelli 1972) tend to be prescriptive in nature. Marketing scholars have repeatedly criticized the information programs, especially those developed by the government, on the grounds they lack a real understanding of consumer needs and behavior in the information area (Bettman 1975, Capon and Lutz 1979, Cohen 1969, and Wilkie and Gardner 1974). These scholars generally advocate the development of consumer oriented information programs based on data input from consumers. While the focus has been on the need for such data, little has been written about how these inputs should be used to determine public policies and actions. Will the availability of such data
Based on EMD and Shape Factor to Identify Damage Location of a Simple Supported Beam Bridge

The principle of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and concept of shape factor are introduced. In order to study bridge health monitoring, a model of a simple supported beam is studied. Excitation is provided by sinusoidal source whose frequency is stable, the signals of acceleration response are collected by signal acquisition system, and the damage location of the model is identified perfectly in virtue of cooperating EMD which is part of HHT with shape factor. Finally, the further improvements of the method are put forward.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and endoscopy: An evolving threat

Background Several clusters of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections associated with contaminated endoscopes have recently been reported. Interim guidelines for mitigating endoscope-associated transmission have been proposed, but there has not been a systematic appraisal of CRE prevention practices. Methods We conducted a systematic review of endoscope-associated CRE infection episodes, abstracting information on outbreak detection, mitigation, outcomes, and corrective steps taken to prevent recurrence. Results Seven distinct outbreaks were identified in the published literature, and 5 of these were associated with duodenal endoscopy, with the remaining 2 associated with cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. Several investigators noted difficulties in cleaning protocols surrounding difficult to access components, such as the elevator on duodenoscopes. The published investigations did not report any failures of sterilization. It is unclear if routine reprocessing was ineffective, or difficult to execute properly. Conclusions Meticulous cleaning protocols and increased surveillance are necessary to prevent and detect future outbreaks of CRE and to determine whether more stringent measures, such as sterilization, are needed for duodenoscopes.
Fascia Lata and Early Spica Casting as Adjuncts in Closure of Bladder Exstrophy

AbstractCorrection of the skeletal defect seen in the exstrophy complex consists of reconstitution of the pelvic ring. Long-term success depends upon the formation of a fibrous union between the pubes. When this union does not occur diastasis of the pubis results. Long-term urological success appears to be related to adequate pubic approximation. We used fascia lata to construct an anterior pelvic ligament between the pubic bones in 7 patients. In the 6 patients for whom followup is available the fascia lata has persisted and appears to be viable histologically on biopsy specimens obtained at a subsequent operation. Because the fascia lata holds the pubis together so well we have been able to cease Bryant’s traction in children by 2 weeks and place them into a cast. This has resulted in early discharge from the hospital in all patients. For these reasons we believe that fascia lata is a useful adjunct in the armamentarium of materials used to reapproximate the pubis.
Vascular Inflammation Evaluated by [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction

Objective—Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, involvement of vascular inflammation in endothelial dysfunction is not fully investigated in humans because of the lack of diagnostic modality to noninvasively evaluate vascular inflammation. We assessed the relationship between endothelial function and vascular inflammation evaluated by [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomographic imaging. Approach and Results—We examined endothelial function and vascular inflammation by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomographic imaging of carotid arteries, respectively, in 145 subjects (95 men and 50 women; mean age, 61.8±9.5 years) who underwent a risk-screening test for cardiovascular disease in Kurume University Hospital. Vascular inflammation was measured by blood-normalized standardized uptake value, known as a target:background ratio (TBR). We ...
Ring Chromosome 20 and Complex Partial Seizures

A ring chromosome 20 mosaicism in an 11-year-old girl with complex partial seizures resistant to medication is reported from the Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Turku, Finland.
Development and Testing of a Conceptual Model Regarding Men’s Access to Health Care:

Epidemiologic data suggest men often experience excessive morbidity and early mortality, possibly compromising family and community health over the lifespan. Moreover, the negative financial/economic consequences affected by poor male health outcomes also has been of great concern in the United States and abroad. Early and consistent access to preventative health care may improve health outcomes; however, men are far less likely to access these services. The purpose of this study was to understand what factors preclude men from accessing health care. We surveyed 485 participants using a 58-item online survey built from a conceptual model previously developed by the researchers using hegemonic masculinity theory, the theory of normative contentment, and the health belief model. For men, three items significantly ( ps < .05) predicted whether they had seen a health care provider in the past year: "I/Men do not access healthcare because I do not think there is anything wrong with me," "My health is only about me," and "I/Men do not access healthcare because most men in my family do not access healthcare." Other correlations of practical significance also were noted. Results suggest gender norms and masculine ideals may play a primary role in how men access preventative health care. Future programming targeting males should consider barriers and plan programs that are gender-sensitive in addition to being gender-specific. Clinical implications are discussed.
Status of the ENDF/B-VI nuclear data file

Version VI of the U.S. Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, ENDF/B-VI, was released during 1989 and 1990. Unlike ENDF/B-V, it had the distinction of being free of restrictions on dissemination. The primary sponsorship of the Cross-Section Evaluation Working Group changed for the production of ENDF/B-VI and fewer resources were available for its preparation. As a result, the data testing effort has lagged rather than led the release of ENDF/B-VI, and such efforts are still being pursued.
Multi-decision Approaches for Eliciting Knowledge Structure

This chapter seeks to advance the systematic analysis of knowledge through two new multi-decision approaches, listwise and sorting, for eliciting knowledge structure. The chapter begins with an overview of assumptions about knowledge structure and its measurement. Next follows a discussion of relatedness raw data and its analysis and representation. Then the free recall and the pairwise approach for eliciting relatedness data are described including the likely influence of context and prompt on these measures of knowledge structure. Then the listwise and sorting multi-decision approaches are described, and two experimental investigations using these approaches are reviewed. Finally, the final section of this chapter argues that combining the two approaches can overcome some limitations in the individual approaches. Existing data is reanalyzed to examine the adequacy of a combined multi-decision approach relative to the traditional pairwise approach. Sufficient design details are provided so that others can replicate or extend similar multi-decision application software for eliciting participants’ knowledge structure.
A survey of internet support for knowledge management/organizational memory systems

Studies of organizational memory/knowledge management, OM/KM, systems have found that using a common infrastructure to facilitate access to and utilization of knowledge and memory increases the usability and success of these systems. The solution to this is for organizations to have an integrated network. This paper discusses using the Internet as the integrated network. Several systems are described that use the Internet for the OM/KM infrastructure. Theoretical support from case study research for using the Internet as a common knowledge infrastructure is provided through DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model modified and analyzed for knowledge/memory based systems.
Where the heart is: home space transitions for residential college students

Home and the transition to adulthood are related temporal and spatial constructs. Building upon Kenyon’s [1999. “A home from home: Students’ transitional experience of home.” In Ideal homes? Social...
TOR Signal Is Suppressed by Sirt5 in Different Nutrient Condition

Sirtuin proteins regulate nutrient signaling and metabolism through modulating protein post-translational modification (PTM), and promote longevity and health-span. SIRT5 is one of mitochondrial sirtuin among the seven Sirtuin family in mammals. SIRT5 functions as desuccinylase, demalonylase, and degrutarylase. Previous work demonstrates that a calorie-restricted (CR) diet prolongs lifespan; nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect have not been completely elucidated. mTOR is a protein kinase that regulates cell growth and protein synthesis in response to nutrient levels. To know how sirt5 modulate nutrient sensing system, we treated sirt5 KO and littermate WT mice with Ketogenic diet and NIA certified CR diet. Flux analysis was carried out with isolated mitochondria. Whole protein from different tissues used for PTM analysis. Downstream of mTOR signal were hyper-activated in SIRT5 KO liver, heart, and muscle tissues and this signal differentially respond to varied dietary conditions. Furthermore, CR increased overall oxygen consumption rate in WT mouse liver mitochondria but decreased in SIRT5 KO, suggesting a role for SIRT5 in regulating mitochondrial energetics in response to altered diet. SIRT5 regulates diverse PTMs, which is malonyl lysine, succinyl lysine, hydroxybutyl lysine, propionyl lysine, and crotonyl lysine in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, we suggested that SIRT5 deficiency impacts mTOR signaling in different tissues differentially depend on nutrient stress. From this finding, further question, what kind of mechanism will be a major effect to different tissues by sirt5, come out.
Ion sieving and desalination: Energy penalty for excess baggage.

Permeation experiments and simulations show that physically confined graphene oxide allows water molecules to pass through while hindering hydrated ions
Ordinary activity was best for acute low-back pain

Source Citation Malmivaara A, Hakkinen U, Aro T, et al. The treatment of acute low back pain—bed rest, exercises, or ordinary activity? N Engl J Med. 1995 Feb 9; 332:351-5.
Light-driven quinone reduction in heliobacterial membranes

Photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) evolved > 3 billion years ago and have diverged into Type II RCs reducing quinones and Type I RCs reducing soluble acceptors via iron–sulfur clusters. Photosystem I (PSI), the exemplar Type I RC, uses modified menaquinones as intermediate electron transfer cofactors, but it has been controversial if the Type I RC of heliobacteria (HbRC) uses its two bound menaquinones in the same way. The sequence of the quinone-binding site in PSI is not conserved in the HbRC, and the recently solved crystal structure of the HbRC does not reveal a quinone in the analogous site. We found that illumination of heliobacterial membranes resulted in reduction of menaquinone to menaquinol, suggesting that the HbRC can perform a function thought restricted to Type II RCs. Experiments on membranes and live cells are consistent with the hypothesis that the HbRC preferentially reduces soluble electron acceptors (e.g., ferredoxins) in low light, but switches to reducing lipophilic quinones in high light, when the soluble acceptor pool becomes full. Thus, the HbRC may represent a functional evolutionary intermediate between PSI and the Type II RCs.
Do infants and nonhuman animals attribute mental states

Among psychologists, it is widely thought that infants well under age 3, monkeys, apes, birds, and dogs have been shown to have rudimentary capacities for representing and attributing mental states or relations. I believe this view to be mistaken. It rests on overinterpreting experiments. It also often rests on assuming that one must choose between taking these individuals to be mentalists and taking them to be behaviorists. This assumption underestimates a powerful nonmentalistic, nonbehavioristic explanatory scheme that centers on attributing action with targets and on causation of action by interlocking, internal conative, and sensory states. Neither action with targets, nor conative states, nor sensing entails mentality. The scheme can attribute conative states and relations (to targets), efficiency, sensory states and relations (to sensed entities), sensory retention, sensory anticipation, affect, and appreciation of individual differences. The scheme can ground explanations of false belief tests that do not require infants or nonhuman animals to use language. After the scheme is explained and applied, it is contrasted with other, superficially similar schemes proposed in the literature-for example, those of Gergely and Csibra, Wellman and Gopnik, Perner and Roessler, Flavell, and Apperly and Butterfill. Better methods for testing are briefly discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
A Near-Zero-Power Wake-Up Receiver Achieving −69-dBm Sensitivity

This paper presents the design of a wake-up receiver (WuRX) that both improves sensitivity and reduces power over prior art through a multi-faceted design featuring an off-chip impedance transformation network with large passive voltage gain, an active envelope detector with high input impedance to facilitate large passive voltage gain, a low-power precision comparator, and a low-leakage digital baseband correlator. Implemented in a 180-nm silicon on insulator CMOS process using dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) devices, the OOK-modulated WuRX operates at 113.5 MHz and achieves a sensitivity of −69 dBm, while consuming just 4.5 nW from a 0.4-V supply.
The Good Grandparent: Perspectives of Young Adults

As life expectancy increases, the role of grandparent has increased in duration and is continually adapting as families change in structure, function and form. Across the past several decades, rese...
Edge-cloud collaborative processing for intelligent internet of things: a case study on smart surveillance

Limited processing power and memory prevent realization of state of the art algorithms on the edge level. Offloading computations to the cloud comes with tradeoffs as compression techniques employed to conserve transmission bandwidth and energy adversely impact accuracy of the algorithm. In this paper, we propose collaborative processing to actively guide the output of the sensor to improve performance on the end application. We apply this methodology to smart surveillance specifically the task of object detection from video. Perceptual quality and object detection performance is characterized and improved under a variety of channel conditions.
Psychosis and adolescence. The relation of intrapsychic structure formation and change to action and task.

Personality dysfunction can be reliably identified in adolescents, but a longitudinal perspective is crucial. The form and stability of dysfunction change over time. Early and late adolescence represent "at risk" periods, with as many as 42% showing signs of character pathology. Paranoid-schizoid-schizotypal disturbance is very stable, but avoidant-dependent-compulsive-passiveaggressive disturbance may imply a more benign course, tending to "clear up" by late adolescence.
Flow through Wetlands for Controlling Water Quality in Discharges from Irrigated Areas

The shrinking and salinization of the Aral Sea as a result of the diversion of waters from the two rivers flowing into it, the Syr in the Northern, and the Amu in the Southern part of the Aral Sea, has, together with conversion for agriculture, caused the disappearance of most of the wetlands in the deltas of both rivers. (The term wetland is here used according to the widely accepted “Ramsar” definition. This definition describes a wetland as an area of marshland permanently or temporary wet or covered with water the depth of which does not exceed 6 meters.)
Delta-6 desaturase knockout mouse illustrates previously undocumented pathology

Studies involving essential fatty acid deficiency have been difficult to interpret due to the overlapping deficiency of linoleic (LA) with arachidonic (AA), and linolenic (LNA) with docosahexaenoic...
Confocal Ellipsoids and Spheres

In the fall of 1980, I showed to Francois MURAT my optimal bounds for isotropic effective mixtures of two isotropic conductors, obtained during the summer, and he proposed to follow the same strategy for anisotropic effective mixtures, i.e., use my method from the fall of 1977, shown in Lemma 21.4, with the same functionals. I doubted myself that the necessary bounds would be optimal, thinking that my choice was adapted to the isotropic case, but we performed the computations, shown in Lemma 21.6 and 21.7.
Brownian Dynamics Simulations of Biological Molecules

Brownian dynamics (BD) is a technique for carrying out computer simulations of physical systems that are driven by thermal fluctuations. Biological systems at the macromolecular and cellular level, while falling in the gap between well-established atomic-level models and continuum models, are especially suitable for such simulations. We present a brief history, examples of important biological processes that are driven by thermal motion, and those that have been profitably studied by BD. We also present some of the challenges facing developers of algorithms and software, especially in the attempt to simulate larger systems more accurately and for longer times.
Another year, a new team.

This month I would like to highlight our latest collaborative publication of standards documents. In conjunction with Neuroradiology , JNIS has published online the Standards for European training requirements in interventional neuroradiology guidelines.1 This is a collaborative document produced by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), and the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT). These detailed guidelines deal with a range of matters relevant to our subspecialty, including …
IV.B. Oxygen in Vitreoretinal Physiology and Pathology

As recently as two decades ago, textbooks on vitreous taught students of ophthalmology that the vitreous gel had no real function in the adult eye other than to serve as a space-occupying, optically clear structure. In fact, one such textbook published in 1994 stated, “Apart from its role in oculogenesis, the vitreous has no well substantiated function so that an eye devoid of gel is not adversely affected” [1]. However, beginning in 2005 with published reports of oxygen tension measurements in the human vitreous gel before and after vitrectomy surgery [2] and culminating with reports in 2009 that the human vitreous gel consumes oxygen in an ascorbate-dependent manner [3], a new understanding of the vitreous gel and its role in vitreoretinal physiology and pathology has emerged.
Structural Equation Model Predicting LGB Ally Behaviors in Heterosexuals

While numerous studies have focused on heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, few studies have examined ally behaviors and their predictors. The present study aimed to model the connections between LGB interpersonal contact and heterosexism in relation to ally behaviors among heterosexuals. Heterosexual adults (n = 333) completed an online survey assessing interpersonal contact with LGB individuals, heterosexism, and ally behaviors. A good-fitting structural equation model showed significant direct effects (all ps < 0.001) from LGB contact to heterosexism (β = − 450), from heterosexism to ally behaviors (β = − 0.280), and from LGB contact to ally behaviors (β = 0.594). There was a significant indirect (mediational) effect from LGB contact to ally behaviors through heterosexism (β = 0.126, p = .001). The results inform targets for interventions with heterosexuals, such as the facilitation of interpersonal contact between LGB and heterosexuals to reduce prejudice and increase ally behaviors.
Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Patients Account for a Disproportionately High Number of Adverse Events in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Objectives High rates of adverse events (AEs) are reported for post-acute and long-term care settings (PA/LTC: skilled nursing facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, long-term acute care facilities, and home health). However, emergency department (ED)-based studies in this area are lacking. We describe all-cause harm among patients from PA/LTC settings seen in the ED. Design Retrospective observational study using the ED Trigger Tool, with dual independent nurse reviews of 5582 ED records with triggers (findings increasing the likelihood of an AE) and confirmatory physician review of putative AEs. Setting and Participants We captured data for all adult patients at an urban, academic ED over a 13-month period (92,859 visits). PA/LTC patients were identified using a computerized ED Trigger Tool and manual review (κ = 0.85). Measures We characterize the AEs identified by severity and type using the ED Taxonomy of Adverse Events, and whether the AE occurred in the ED or was present on arrival. We estimate population AE rates using inverse probability weighting. Results Compared with non-PA/LTC patients, PA/LTC patients (4.4% of population; 8.2% of our sample) tended to be older (median age 69 vs 50 years), with comparable sex ratios (54% female overall). PA/LTC patients accounted for 21% of all AEs (26% present on arrival; 13% in ED). Rates of AEs occurring in the ED were comparable after matching on age. Present on arrival AEs from a PA/LTC setting were most commonly related to patient care (39%), medication (34%), and infections (16%). Conclusions and Implications PA/LTC patients account for a small proportion of ED visits but experience a disproportionate number of AEs that are primarily present on arrival and patient-care related, and contribute to an admission rate double that for non-PA/LTC patients. Arguably, this cohort represents PA/LTC patients with the most severe AEs. Understanding these AEs may help identify high-yield targets for quality improvement.
Response to clarification on the timing and content of the adult use of marijuana act (AUMA).

There is an important distinction I failed to address in my original paper: The decision to choose 1 January 2018 as the time point for legalization rather than 9 November 2016 was to capture the e...
Orchestration of virulence factor expression and modulation of biofilm dispersal in Erwinia amylovora through activation of the Hfq-dependent small RNA RprA.

Erwinia amylovora is the causative agent of the devastating disease fire blight of pome fruit trees. After infection of host plant leaves at apple shoot tips, E. amylovora cells form biofilms in xylem vessels, restrict water flow, and cause wilting symptoms. Although E. amylovora is well known to be able to cause systemic infection, how biofilm cells of E. amylovora transit from the sessile mode of growth in xylem to the planktonic mode of growth in cortical parenchyma remains unknown. Increasing evidence has suggested the important modulatory roles of Hfq-dependent small RNAs (sRNAs) in the pathogenesis of E. amylovora. Here, we demonstrate that the sRNA RprA acts as a positive regulator of amylovoran exopolysaccharide production, the type III secretion system (T3SS), and flagellar-dependent motility, and as a negative regulator of levansucrase activity and cellulose production. We also show that RprA affects the promoter activity of multiple virulence factor genes and regulates hrpS, a critical T3SS regulator, at the posttranscriptional level. We determined that rprA expression can be activated by the Rcs phosphorelay, and that expression is active during T3SS-mediated host infection in an immature pear fruit infection model. We further showed that overexpression of rprA activated the in vitro dispersal of E. amylovora cells from biofilms. Thus, our investigation of the varied role of RprA in affecting E. amylovora virulence provides important insights into the functions of this sRNA in biofilm control and systemic infection.
Identity development and intersections of disability, race, and STEM: Illuminating perspectives on equity

In this commentary, I discuss the impetus for the study to examine the effect on connectedness to STEM and equitable outcomes in STEM participation for students who are deaf/hard of hearing, and representative of other marginalized identities. Maggie Renken et al.’s theoretical perspective on identity development, intersectionality, and STEM, provide context for understanding barriers and considering practices for supporting development of a STEM identity and pursuit of STEM-related careers. Attention to identity formation and social components of identity formation are key to the study’s significance. I expound upon an extension of the focus on students’ identity development to include an underlying attention to equity and the redressing of systemic oppressions that have prevented access to STEM in the past. I will suggest deepening of the analysis to go beyond an understanding of the utility of identity formation to unearth systemic barriers that are residually evident in the socially influenced development process and in the professional world of STEM.
Lightning, the Science

Lightning can be defined as a transient, high-current (typically tens of kiloamperes) electric discharge in air whose length is measured in kilometers. As for any discharge in air, lightning channel is composed of ionized gas, that is, of plasma, whose peak temperature is typically 30,000 K, about five times higher than the temperature of the surface of the Sun. Lightning was present on Earth long before human life evolved and it may even have played a crucial role in the evolution of life on our planet. The global lightning flash rate is some tens to a hundred per second or so. Each year, some 25 million cloud-to-ground lightning discharges occur in the United States, and this number is expected to increase by about 50% due to global warming over the twenty-first century. Lightning initiates many forest fires, and over 30% of all electric power line failures are lightning related. Each commercial aircraft is struck by lightning on average once a year. A lightning strike to an unprotected object or system can be catastrophic. In this chapter, an overview of thunderclouds and their charge structure is given, basic lightning terminology is introduced, and different types of lightning (including the so-called rocket-triggered lightning) are described. For the most common negative cloud-to-ground lightning, main lightning processes are identified and the existing hypotheses of lightning initiation in thunderclouds are reviewed. Additionally, current and electromagnetic field signatures of lightning are characterized and the techniques to measure lightning electric and magnetic fields are discussed.
Bi2Te3 filaments via extrusion and pressureless sintering of Bi2Te3-based inks

Inks containing sub-20 µm particles of doped bismuth telluride (n-type Bi2Te2.73Se0.3 or p-type (Bi0.5Sb1.5)Te3) are extruded into 330 µm diameter filaments. When solid-state sintered up to 857 K under no pressure, the filaments only partially densify, with over 20% porosity remaining. Coating the filament with TeO2 powder, followed by hydrogen reduction to liquid Te, enables liquid phase sintering at 710 K, with rapid densification to less than 5% porosity within 1 h. Coating with a stoichiometric blend of Bi2O3 + 3TeO2 powders, followed by hydrogen reduction to liquid Bi and Te, provides transient liquid phase sintering at 808 K and subsequent reaction to Bi2Te3, resulting in fast filament densification, to less than 5% porosity within 10 min without residual Te.
Automatic text generation using deep learning: providing large-scale support for online learning communities

Participating in online communities has significant benefits to students learning in terms of students’ motivation, persistence, and learning outcomes. However, maintaining and supporting online le...
Conditional privacy-aware role based access control

Privacy is considered critical for all organizations needing to manage individual related information. As such, there is an increasing need for access control models which can adequately support the specification and enforcement of privacy policies. In this paper, we propose a model, referred to as Conditional Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (P-RBAC), which supports expressive condition languages and flexible relations among permission assignments for more complex privacy policies. Efficient algorithms for detecting conflicts, redundancies, and indeterminism for a set of permission assignments are presented. In the paper we also extend Conditional P-RBAC to Universal P-RBAC by taking into account hierarchical relations among roles, data and purposes. In comparison with other approaches, such as P3P, EPAL, and XACML, our work has achieved both expressiveness and efficiency.
Escaping identity: border zones as places of evasion and cultural reinvention

The article, based on in-depth ethnographic research in the El Paso, Texas/Ciudad Juarez area, is concerned with the ways in which liminal border zones become places of cultural transformation in which groups of individuals, rather than synthetically blending two or more identities, may attempt to downplay potentially harmful or restrictive uni-dimensional identities, evade past lives, and re-create themselves anew. The argument is twofold: the relative separation and distance of borderlands from national structures allows for a degree of cultural agency that may be less available to individuals closer to centres of cultural and political power; and border zones provide possibilities for reinvention, new relationalities, and other cultural creations and constructions that I call ‘escaping identity’. Echapper a l’identite : les zones frontalieres comme lieux d’evasion et de reinvention culturelle Resume Base sur une recherche ethnographique approfondie dans la region d’El Paso au Texas et de Ciudad Juarez au Mexique, l’article aborde les manieres dont les zones frontalieres liminales deviennent des lieux de transformation culturelle, dans lesquels des groupes d’individus peuvent, au lieu de melanger deux ou plusieurs entites et d’en faire la synthese, tenter de juguler des identites unidimensionnelles potentiellement dangereuses ou restrictives, d’echapper a leurs vies passees et de se recreer une nouvelle identite. L’argument est double : la separation relative et l’eloignement des zones frontieres par rapport aux structures nationales rend possible une certaine agenceite culturelle, moins accessible aux individus plus proches des centres de pouvoir culturel et politique. Les frontieres creent ainsi des possibilites de reinvention, de nouvelles relationalites, d’autres creations et constructions culturelles que j’appelle « echapper a l’identite ».