cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transactional relations across contextual strain, parenting quality, and early childhood regulation and adaptation in a high-risk sample

This investigation examined transactional relations across contextual strain, parenting quality, and child adjustment in 209 mothers and children at 24, 42, and 72 months of age. Independent ratings of mothers' stressful life events, social support, and relationship quality provided an objective measure of maternal contextual strain. Observers evaluated parenting quality during parent-child interactions at each time point. Child regulatory functioning during laboratory tasks at 24 and 42 months was evaluated by independent observers based on both behavioral (e.g., noncompliance, distractibility) and emotional (e.g., frustration, anger) indices. At 72 months, teachers reported on children's externalizing behaviors, and children completed objective measures of academic achievement. Nested path analyses were used to evaluate increasingly complex models of influence, including transactional relations between child and parent, effects from contextual strain to parenting and child adaptation, and reciprocal effects from child and parent behavior to contextual strain. Over and above stability within each domain and cross-sectional cross-domain covariation, significant paths emerged from maternal contextual strain to subsequent child adjustment. Bidirectional relations between parenting and child adjustment were especially prominent among boys. These findings counter unidirectional models of parent-mediated contextual effects by highlighting the direct influences of contextual strain and parent-child transactions on early childhood behavioral and academic adjustment, respectively.
Post-translational modulation of CD133 expression during sodium butyrate-induced differentiation of HT29 human colon cancer cells: Implications for its detection

The CD133 molecule has been proposed as a surface marker of cancer stem cells in several human malignancies, including colon cancers. The function and the mechanisms regulating CD133 expression remain unknown. The HT29 human colon cancer cells undergo differentiation following treatment with various agents and represent a useful in vitro model of colon differentiation. This study evaluated the behavior of CD133 during sodium butyrate-induced differentiation of HT29 cells. Treatment with sodium butyrate induced a progressive decrease of CD133 expression, as assessed by flow cytometry using the AC133 monoclonal antibody. Indeed, expression of CD133, which was about 47% in untreated control cells, gradually decreased down to about 3% after 72 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner. No relationship was observed between CD133 protein evaluated by flow cytometry and mRNA expression level, and no changes were detected in the methylation status of the CD133 gene promoter during HT29 differentiation. Moreover, the expression of the CD133 protein, evaluated by Western blot analysis using a specific anti-CD133 antibody directed against the C-terminal intracytoplasmic region of human CD133 protein, did not correlate with flow cytometry results. Different results were also obtained using the two antibodies to analyze the expression of the CD133 molecule in human colon cancers. These findings demonstrate that membrane expression of the CD133 stem cell marker might undergo a complex regulation during differentiation of colon cells and suggest that HT29 cells are a useful in vitro model to study the mechanisms involved in this regulation which likely occurs at a post-transcriptional level.
Thermal tolerance and acclimation of two species of Hydra1

The upper lethal temperature for Hydru pseudoliguctis was greater than for I-Z&u oliguctis and increased from 31” to 34°C as the rearing temperature illcreased from 5” to 27°C. The upper lethal temperature for H. oliguctis was constant (26°C) between rearing temperatures of 5” and 21°C. However, when it was reared at 27°C the upper lethal temperature increased to 31°C. The low upper lethal temperature for H. oliguctis may excluc e it from shallow pond habitats and contribute to the rapid population decline often observed in the epilimnion of temperate lakes.
Marginal means/rates models for multiple type recurrent event data

Recurrent events are frequently observed in biomedical studies, and often more than one type of event is of interest. Follow-up time may be censored due to loss to follow-up or administrative censoring. We propose a class of semi-parametric marginal means/rates models, with a general relative risk form, for assessing the effect of covariates on the censored event processes of interest. We formulate estimating equations for the model parameters, and examine asymptotic properties of the parameter estimators. Finite sample properties of the regression coefficients are examined through simulations. The proposed methods are applied to a retrospective cohort study of risk factors for preschool asthma.
Multicriteria analysis of an ℒ1 adaptive flight control system

This article presents an overview of the application of the Parameter Space Investigation method for the multicriteria design optimization of the ℒ1 adaptive flight control system implemented on the two turbine-powered dynamically-scaled generic transport model Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research aircraft. In particular, this study addresses the improvement of a nominal prototype solution, obtained using basic design guidelines of ℒ1 adaptive control theory. The results validate the theoretical claims of ℒ1 adaptive control in terms of closed-loop performance and robustness and illustrate the systematic character of its design procedure. Furthermore, this article shows the suitability of the Parameter Space Investigation method for the multicriteria design optimization over a multidimensional design variable space of a flight control system subject to desired control specifications. The use of this particular method is of special interest, as it provides invaluable information about the behavior of the closed-loop system in an extended space of design parameters and performance criteria. The results and conclusions of this article have led to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of the closed-loop adaptive system and have contributed to the improvement of the flying qualities and the robustness margins of the adaptive ℒ1-augmented aircraft, which has been recently flight tested by National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Language: en
Interracial Roommate Relationships: Negotiating Daily Interactions

Jobs, social group memberships, or living arrangements lead many people to interact every day with another person from a different racial background. Given that research has shown that interracial interactions are often stressful, it is important to know how these daily interactions unfold across time and what factors contribute to the success or failure of these interactions. Both members of same-race and mixed-race college roommate pairs completed daily questionnaires measuring their emotional experiences and their perceptions of their roommate. Results revealed that roommates in mixed-race dyads experienced less positive emotions and intimacy toward their roommates than did roommates in same-race dyads and that the experience of positive emotions declined over time for ethnic minority students with White roommates. Mediation analyses showed that the negative effects of roommate race were mediated by the level of intimacy-building behaviors performed by the roommate. Implications for future research and university policies are discussed.
Reading the (Post)Modern Family

Theories of the “new” family that dominate cultural studies—such as Judith Stacey’s theory of the “postmodern” family, Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim’s theory of the “post-familial” family and Harriet Fraad, Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff’s theory of the “communist family”—understand the “new” family as a site of equality and democracy which is the result of individual choice, not economic compulsion. As such, with more or less ambivalence, these theories celebrate the “new” family. Although these theories are, broadly understood, “left” cultural theories, in their affirmations of the “new” family they constitute a reversal of the tradition of left cultural theory and its critique of the family.
LITHIUM CHLORIDE EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM THE SEAWEED PORPHYRA PERFORATA (RHODOPHYTA)1

Lithium chloride facilitates the softening of cell walls resulting in a simple, quick (2 h) method for DNA extraction from the red seaweed Porphyra perforata J. Agardh. A 5-min treatment of tissues in Lid at 55°C extracts DNA that is relatively free of the viscous polysaccharides and proteins that are usually coextracted in large amounts from cell walls and cytoplasm. This protocol does not require grinding of tissues, hydroxyapatite binding, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide treatments, enzymatic treatments, phenol extraction, or CsCl-gradient centrifugation. The resulting DNA is of sufficient quality to be used as a template for polymerase chain reaction amplification.
Consistency of condom use among low-income hormonal contraceptive users.

Context: Hormonal contraceptive users may be at increased risk for HIV and other STDs. An understanding of their decisions and abilities to use condoms is needed to focus intervention programs aimed at improving their protective behaviors. Methods: Between 1999 and 2001 426 new users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and oral contraceptives were recruited from public clinics providing family planning services to low-income women and surveyed when they began their method and again three months later. Bivariate analyses examined the consistency of condom use across subgroups and multivariate analyses assessed associations between consistent use and various characteristics. Results: Among women who had used condoms consistently before starting on DMPA or the pill 54% discontinued consistent use after taking these contraceptives. Overall 20% of women consistently used condoms with their hormonal method and such use did not vary significantly by contraceptive type. Seventy-five percent of women in nonmonogamous relationships were inconsistent users though nearly a third had been consistent users prior to beginning a hormonal method. Factors associated with an elevated likelihood of consistent use were the male partner’s positive opinion of condoms (odds ratio 3.3) and the woman’s strong belief that condom use is important for vaginal intercourse (3.5) and even if the couple is using another form of birth control (4.1). Conclusions: Many women at highest risk for disease have a decreased likelihood of using condoms and disease prevention programs should be customized to target these women. Educational efforts focusing on women’s attitudes and negotiation skills may be the best means of increasing dual method use. (authors)
URSA: ubiquitous and robust access control for mobile ad hoc networks

Restricting network access of routing and packet forwarding to well-behaving nodes and denying access from misbehaving nodes are critical for the proper functioning of a mobile ad-hoc network where cooperation among all networking nodes is usually assumed. However, the lack of a network infrastructure, the dynamics of the network topology and node membership, and the potential attacks from inside the network by malicious and/or noncooperative selfish nodes make the conventional network access control mechanisms not applicable. We present URSA, a ubiquitous and robust access control solution for mobile ad hoc networks. URSA implements ticket certification services through multiple-node consensus and fully localized instantiation. It uses tickets to identify and grant network access to well-behaving nodes. In URSA, no single node monopolizes the access decision or is completely trusted. Instead, multiple nodes jointly monitor a local node and certify/revoke its ticket. Furthermore, URSA ticket certification services are fully localized into each node's neighborhood to ensure service ubiquity and resilience. Through analysis, simulations, and experiments, we show that our design effectively enforces access control in the highly dynamic, mobile ad hoc network.
Effect of non-parallel mean flow on the Green's function for predicting the low-frequency sound from turbulent air jets

It is now well-known that there is an exact formula relating the far-field jet noise spectrum to the convolution product of a propagator (that accounts for the mean flow interactions) and a generalized Reynolds stress autocovariance tensor (that accounts for the turbulence fluctuations). The propagator depends only on the mean flow and an adjoint vector Green’s function for a particular form of the linearized Euler equations. Recent numerical calculations of Karabasov, Bogey & Hynes (AIAA Paper 2011-2929) for a Mach 0.9 jet show use of the true non-parallel flow Green’s function rather than the more conventional locally parallel flow result leads to a significant increase in the predicted low-frequency sound radiation at observation angles close to the downstream jet axis. But the non-parallel flow appears to have little effect on the sound radiated at to the downstream axis. The present paper is concerned with the effects of non-parallel mean flows on the adjoint vector Green’s function. We obtain a low-frequency asymptotic solution for that function by solving a very simple second-order hyperbolic equation for a composite dependent variable (which is directly proportional to a pressure-like component of this Green’s function and roughly corresponds to the strength of a monopole source within the jet). Our numerical calculations show that this quantity remains fairly close to the corresponding parallel flow result at low Mach numbers and that, as expected, it converges to that result when an appropriately scaled frequency parameter is increased. But the convergence occurs at progressively higher frequencies as the Mach number increases and the supersonic solution never actually converges to the parallel flow result in the vicinity of a critical- layer singularity that occurs in that solution. The dominant contribution to the propagator comes from the radial derivative of a certain component of the adjoint vector Green’s function. The non-parallel flow has a large effect on this quantity, causing it (and, therefore, the radiated sound) to increase at subsonic speeds and decrease at supersonic speeds. The effects of acoustic source location can be visualized by plotting the magnitude of this quantity, as function of position. These ‘altitude plots’ (which represent the intensity of the radiated sound as a function of source location) show that while the parallel flow solutions exhibit a single peak at subsonic speeds (when the source point is centred on the initial shear layer), the non-parallel solutions exhibit a double peak structure, with the second peak occurring about two potential core lengths downstream of the nozzle. These results are qualitatively consistent with the numerical calculations reported in Karabasov et al. (2011).
“Those Are Our People and That's Our Family”: Wabanaki Perspectives on Child Welfare Practice in Their Communities

In collaboration with the Maine Wabanaki-State Child Welfare Truth and Reconciliation Commission Convening Group, this study explored perspectives of Wabanaki community members and tribal child welfare staff on state child welfare involvement in Wabanaki communities. Qualitative analysis of three focus groups found that participants perceived fundamental differences between what guides the work of tribal child welfare staff and state child welfare staff, as well as differences in understanding the profound impact of removing a child from the community. These findings are suggested to be elements of a Wabanaki counter-narrative that contrasts with the historical dominant narrative about Native families and children.
Permocoleus, New Genus, the First Permian Beetle (Coleoptera) from North America

Permocoleus wellingtonensis, new genus and new species, is based on an elytron from the Permian Wellington Formation of Oklahoma and is the only Paleozoic record of the order Coleoptera from North America and the oldest record for the New World. Until now, Permian Coleoptera were known only from Europe, Australia, southern Africa, and South America but were conspicuously absent from North America, despite the Wellington Formation being among the most diverse deposits of Permian insects. Permocoleus provides evidence that early beetles were globally distributed.
Taking stock of 20 years of sex offender laws and research: an examination of whether sex offender legislation has helped or hindered our efforts

The present study adds to the existing empirical literature on sex offending by examining the effectiveness of a variety of sexual offender laws passed between the two decades of 1990 and 2010. This study used a sample of 1129 sexual offenders released from New Jersey state correctional facilities during these two decades of legislative focus. Specific attention is paid to the four common themes of the legislation, including sexual offender registration and notification, civil commitment, residence restrictions, and risk designation. When each law isanalyzed using its specific purpose and application process, and then compared to a sample of sex offense cases, it becomes apparent that the laws do not apply to a wide percentage of sex offense cases. The researchers conclude that the laws have little preventive capability. The implications of this finding are discussed.
What Is the Impact of Overactive Bladder Symptoms on Female Sexual Function

Overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) are prevalent disorders which negatively impact not only women’s overall quality of life but also their sexual function. OAB and UUI have been associated with decreases in female sexual satisfaction, desire, arousal, lubrication, and orgasm as well as an increase in sexual pain (Salonia et al. Eur Urol. 45:642, 2004). Successful treatment of OAB with first-, second-, and third-line treatments have been shown to improve overall quality of life and female sexual function scores.
It takes teamwork to modify chromatin

To participate in the choreography of signals that occur on the chromosome during gene activation, many multisubunit chromatin-modifying complexes contain more than one enzyme that chemically alter histones, the protein constituent of chromatin. These complexes themselves often contain modules or clusters of subunits dedicated to specific functions of the complex ( 1 ). The Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex is a good example of this organization. It is highly conserved from yeast to humans, contains up to 20 subunits, and is about 2 MDa in size. SAGA contains several functional modules, two of which have enzymatic activities and others that mediate SAGA interactions with proteins that control transcription ( 2 ). Hence, teamwork between these modules is crucial for the steps leading to transcription initiation and its transition to RNA elongation ( 3 ). Even within each module, teamwork between individual subunits is necessary to promote accurate enzymatic activity. On page 725 in this issue, Morgan et al. ( 4 ) provide structural and biochemical data that nicely illustrate cooperation between subunits within the module that contains a histone deubiquitinase, and between this module and the remainder of the SAGA complex.
Nanostructured Ceramic and Ceramic-Polymer Composites as Dual Functional Interface for Bioresorbable Metallic Implants

Millions of medical implants and devices (e.g., screws, plates, and pins) are used each year worldwide in surgery, and traditionally the components have been limited to permanent metals (e.g., stainless steel, titanium alloys) and polyester-based absorbable polymers. Because of clinical problems associated with these traditional materials, a novel class of biodegradable metallic materials, i.e., magnesium-based alloys, attracted great attention and clinical interests. Magnesium (Mg) is particularly attractive for load-bearing orthopedic applications because it has comparable modulus and strength to cortical bone. Controlling the interface of Mg with the biological environment, however, is the key challenge that currently limits this biodegradable metal for broad applications in medical devices and implants. This paper will particularly focus on creating nanostructured interface between the biodegradable metallic implant and surrounding tissue for the dual purposes of (1) mediating the degradation of the metallic implants and (2) simultaneously enhancing bone tissue regeneration and integration. Nanophase hydroxyapatite (nHA) is an excellent candidate as a coating material due to its osteoconductivity that has been widely reported. Applying nHA coatings or nHA containing composite coatings on Mg alloys is therefore promising in serving the needed dual functions. The composite of nHA and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a dual functional interface provides additional benefits for medical implant applications. Specifically, the polymer phase promotes interfacial adhesion between the nHA and Mg, and the degradation products of PLGA and Mg neutralize each other. Our results indicate that nHA and nHA/PLGA coatings slow down Mg degradation rate and enhance adhesion of bone marrow stromal cells, thus promising as the next-generation multifunctional implant materials. Further optimization of the coatings and their interfacial properties are still needed to bring them into clinical applications.
Temperature Gradient Enhancement of Solid State Battery Performance

The equations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to investigate how temperature gradients may be utilized to enhance performance of solid state batteries. One result is that the efficiency of a battery with doped cerium oxide as the electrolyte may be increased by imposition of a temperature gradient. This may lead to greater use of electrolytes of appreciable electronic conductivity. Moreover, temperature gradients may be used to increase mobile ion diffusivity in intercalation electrodes during battery discharge and recharge.
Algorithm to solve a chance-constrained network capacity design problem with stochastic demands and finite support

We consider the problem of determining the capacity to assign to each arc in a given network, subject to uncertainty in the supply and/or demand of each node. This design problem underlies many real-world applications, such as the design of power transmission and telecommunications networks. We first consider the case where a set of supply/demand scenarios are provided, and we must determine the minimum-cost set of arc capacities such that a feasible flow exists for each scenario. We briefly review existing theoretical approaches to solving this problem and explore implementation strategies to reduce run times. With this as a foundation, our primary focus is on a chance-constrained version of the problem in which α% of the scenarios must be feasible under the chosen capacity, where α is a user-defined parameter and the specific scenarios to be satisfied are not predetermined. We describe an algorithm which utilizes a separation routine for identifying violated cut-sets which can solve the problem to optimality, and we present computational results. We also present a novel greedy algorithm, our primary contribution, which can be used to solve for a high quality heuristic solution. We present computational analysis to evaluate the performance of our proposed approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 236–246, 2016
Determination of lead,cadmium,arsenic and hydrargyrum in chinese traditional medicine extracts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Objective:To establish a method for determination of lead,cadmium,arsenic and hydrargyrum in chinese traditional medicine extracts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Methods:The pretreatment was performed using high-pressure digestion technique,with 72Ge,115In,209Bi as the internal standards to eliminate non-spectroscopic interference and collision reaction cell to eliminate mass spectroscopic interference.ICP-MS was used to determine Pb,Cd,As,Hg.Results:This method had a wide linear range,the linear correlative coefficient for all the elements was higher than 0.999,the detection limit was 0.001~0.05 μg/L,the recovery was at the range of 91.4%~105%,the RSD was 0.68%~2.69%,and the measured values were consisted with the true for national standard reference materials.Conclusion:This method has advantages of high sensitivity and precision and is suitable for various laboratories.
Demystifying Pairs Trading: The Role of Volatility and Correlation

This paper investigates how the two technical drivers, volatility and correlation, influence the algorithm of the investment strategy pairs trading. We model and empirically prove the connection between the rule-based pair selection, the trading algorithm, and the total return. Our insights explain why pairs trading profitability varies across markets, industries, macroeconomic circumstances, and firm characteristics. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the power of the traditionally applied pair selection procedure. In the US market, we find risk-adjusted monthly returns of up to 76bp for portfolios, which are double sorted on volatility and correlation between 1990 and 2014. Our findings are robust to liquidity issues, bid-ask spread, and limits of arbitrage.
Speech Rehabilitation After Treatment Of Laryngeal Carcinoma

Speech, voice, and swallowing disorders are a common dysfunction associated with laryngeal carcinoma that can significantly impact one's quality of life. This article is designed to acquaint the otolaryngology-head and neck surgeon with options and methods for communication and swallowing rehabilitation following surgical treatment for laryngeal carcinoma.
Taste: Vertebrate Psychophysics

Narrowly viewed, taste is limited to sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami (meaty, savory) sensations. Colloquially, taste refers to sensations from foods and beverages, where taste combines with other sensory inputs to produce complex sensations. Recent progress in psychophysics – the study of relationships between physical stimuli and the perceptions they induce – permits the characterization of normal variation and variation associated with aging or damage. Appropriate methods are needed to fully understand genetic, molecular, and neurochemical processes involved in taste sensation. Via psychophysics, we can measure how taste variation influences food preference and intake and ultimately our health and quality of life.
Early Childhood Care and Education and School Readiness in Zambia

ABSTRACTDespite increased investment in early childhood care and education (ECCE) globally, little is known about its effectiveness in low-income countries. Using kernel exact matching within a national sample of 1,623 Zambian 6-year-olds, we test the associations between ECCE participation and seven domains of children's school readiness. We find ECCE participation to be significantly and positively predictive of children's receptive vocabulary, letter naming, reasoning, fine motor, executive function, and task performance skills (d = 0.20 − 0.65). Although ECCE predicted better outcomes across program types and dosage levels, associations between ECCE participation and school readiness were descriptively if not significantly larger for children attending nonprofit (versus governmental or private) programs and for those attending ECCE between three and five hours per day (versus those attending less than three or six or more hours per day). Implications of these findings, particularly for the 68% of Zamb...
Novel Insights from Structural Analysis of Interactions of KCNQ K+ Channels with Calmodulin

Voltage-gated M-type K+ channels, made by KCNQ subunits, regulate excitability in nerve and muscle. The gating of these channels are modulated by receptors coupled to Gq/11 G proteins via several signals, such as calmodulin (CaM) and the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and protein kinases. Here, focusing on KCNQ4, we studied the structural and biochemical mechanisms of channel regulation by CaM, using isothermal titration calorimetry, microscale thermophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance. As for a number of other ion channels, CaM directly interacts with the C-terminus of KCNQ channels, at their A & B helices. Using similar biochemical and structural methods, we also studied the interaction of KCNQ channels with PIP2 analogues and its cross-talk with CaM actions. Such cross-talk is made more likely by two loci of PIP2 interactions with the C-terminus near the A & B helices. Since it is still unclear how CaM and PIP2 binding cause physical rearrangements of the channels that affect gating, we probed the affinities of CaM for the A & B helices, asked whether CaM is constitutively bound to the channels, and utilized our crystal structure of CaM bound to the KCNQ4 A & B helices to gain insight into CaM-induced structural rearrangements of the C-terminus. To probe for potential cross-talk, we asked if Ca2+ binding to the CaM/C-terminal complex affects PIP2 interactions and thus, PIP2 regulation of channel gating. Supported by NIH grants R01 NS094461-01 and R01NS043394-11 to M.S.S. and NRSA training grant F31 NS090887-02/NIH to C.R.A.
Thyroid structure, development and developmental abnormalities

The thyroid is situated in the anterior neck. It consists of two somewhat pear-shaped lobes which lie to the sides of the trachea, and a smaller isthmus joining the medial aspects of the lobes lies over the second to fourth tracheal rings (Figure 1.1). The lobes are about 5 cm long, 3 cm across at the widest part, and 2 cm thick at the broader lower pole. The inferior poles of the lobes extend to the sixth tracheal ring, and the superior poles to the thyroid cartilage. In adults the thyroid weighs approximately 20 g. In the newborn it is about 1.5 g and it increases progressively with age and size [1]. There is some debate about whether a normal thyroid is palpable or not. Certainly in well-built men it is not, due to development of the anterior neck musclles. On the other hand, the normal thyroid can be palpated in many normal women.
Racial Differences in Molecular Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Black and White Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM): A Single-Center Experience

Background: The incidence of MM is 2 to 3 fold higher in blacks than in whites; they present at a younger age and have better overall survival. The biological bases for these disparities remain unclear. Outcome of MM is linked to cytogenetic and molecular changes, both primary (hyperdiploidy and heavy chain (IgH) translocations) and secondary (rearrangements of MYC, activating mutations of NRAS, KRAS or BRAF, and deletions of 17p). Methods: Cytogenomic alterations in consecutive MM patients were assessed using integration of metaphase chromosome analysis by GTG-banding and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) in CD138-positive cells isolated from fresh BM samples using a protocol of magnetic-activated cell sorting. Changes evaluated included monosomy 13/del(13q), monosomy 17/del(17p), gain of 1q21, and rearrangements of the IGH gene including t(4;14), t(11;14) and t(14;16). Results: Samples from 218 consecutive MM patients were analyzed (Table 1). 108 were from black and 110 were from white patients. Median age for blacks was 59 years (range: 36 - 82) and for whites, 63 years (range: 39 - 83) (p=0.008). Fewer black men than whites were observed (46.3% versus 64.6%, p=0.007). Overall, blacks had fewer abnormal karyotypes compared to whites (18.1% versus 31.8%; p=0.02). Black patients had a lower frequency of non-hyperdiploid karyotypes (8.5% versus 20.6%; p=0.01) and had a trend toward lower frequencies of rearrangements of IGH (30.8% versus 43.5%; p=0.055) than white patients. Most notably, they had significantly lower frequencies of monosomy 17/del(17p) (5.6% versus 18.5%; p=0.003) and monosomy 13/del(13q) (28.9% versus 46.3%; p=0.008). After stratification by age (Figure 1), younger patients showed significantly higher frequencies of the monosomy 17/del(17p) abnormality (p=0.001) and the t(4;14) (p=0.04) than older patients, with the difference more significant in white patients. The associations among molecular cytogenetic abnormalities (Figure 2) showed a different association pattern for black and white patients. White patients with t(11;14) were more likely to have monosomy 13/del(13q) (p=0.003) and gain of 1q21 (p=0.02), while this association was not observed in black patients. Conclusion: Black MM patients had significantly different cytogenetic profiles detected by iFISH on CD-138 selected malignant cells, compared to whites. Black MM patients had a more favorable profile, including lower frequencies of non-hyperdiploid karyotype and of IGH rearrangements. This study supports a biological basis for previously described outcome disparities between black and white patients with MM. Further studies will focus on identifying specific molecular targets and their impact on therapy and on overall outcome. Associations among eight molecular cytogenetic abnormalities. Each solid black line indicates one abnormality is statistically significantly associated with another abnormality. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Comparison of Methodologies for Field Application of Road Dust

Road dust impacts almost all terrestrial areas of the planet and may impact vegetation and nearby ecosystems. Therefore, research methods are needed for applying road dust in a controlled manner on targeted areas (e.g. plants). Three dust application methods, sifter, sieve, and sprayer, were investigated for their uniformity in applying dust in a 0.75 m × 0.75 m area. Within the treatment area 196, 37-ml cups were placed in a uniform fashion to collect dust applied at 15.8, 78.8, and 158 g. At the 15.8 and 78.8 g rates, the coefficient of uniformity for each method was >98% indicating a uniform amount of dust applied. At the 158 g rate, the sifter and sieve had coefficient of uniformities >95%, while the sprayer had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) coefficient of uniformity (46%). Although the sifter and sieve were simpler to use and the least expensive options, the sprayer may be more useful when applying dust to larger areas when the exact amount of dust entering and exiting the systems does not need to be controlled. This research is useful to anyone looking to apply road dust or similar sized particulates under controlled field or laboratory conditions.
TREX1 dictates the immune fate of irradiated cancer cells.

The optimal radiation dose and fractionation to induce anti-tumor immunity remain elusive. We recently found that the exonuclease TREX1 abrogates the immunogenicity of irradiated cancer cells by de...
Spin thermal effects: A new member of the Hall family.

The spin Nernst effect — a spin accumulation in a ferromagnet in the direction normal to an applied thermal gradient and external magnetic field — has been experimentally demonstrated.
A model based approach for realizing a safe wireless biotelemetry system

This paper proposes a model based approach to the development of a wireless biotelemetry communications system model that enables early architecture trades and optimization for safety, performance and power efficiency. This integrated system model is constructed using a model based engineering framework which enables the digital integration of requirements, architecture and disparate performance models to determine the optimal solution for an implanted communication system. In the conceptual and early design phases of a biotelemetry system one must consider the constraints of implanting devices in humans and animals, as well as those imposed on short range, high data rate wireless communications. This approach considers the effects of radio frequency performance, power dissipation, specific absorption rate (SAR), the implanted environment, propagation channel characteristics, data rates and also the receiver noise figure and sensitivity. The integrated model greatly improves the ability of the designer to quickly analyze hundreds or even thousands of trade studies while considering system requirements. The implementation of this model based framework was completed in 6 steps: requirements analysis and architecture development, identification of key performance parameters, system decomposition into functional building blocks and input/output definitions, analytical model creation, system model creation with models and validated data and finally, trade space simulation, analysis, visualization and optimization.
Leave a Comment: Consumer Responses to Advertising Featuring “Real” Women

Advertisements frequently feature models that are considered “ultra-thin.” Modern developments in technology and image production have created ways to make models appear even smaller by altering images in post-production processes. The high prevalence of ads with “impossibly gorgeous” women has an impact at the societal level, by reinforcing the idea that women are primarily defined by their attractiveness to heterosexual men, and on the individual level, where exposure can have detrimental effects on women’s mental health. In response to concerns expressed by some consumers about the overuse of ultra-thin models, a few brands have launched advertising campaigns featuring “real women” who are more diverse in body shape and size. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the mixed reactions consumers have expressed toward two real women campaigns: Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty and aerie Real by American Eagle. Consumer sentiment was investigated via comments sections of online news articles, YouTube videos, and social media platforms Reddit and Twitter. Four themes were identified encapsulating positive (e.g., featuring more diverse models is better for women and society in general), negative (e.g., the problem of ultra-thin models is fictional, made up in the minds of sensitive women, and therefore these campaigns are completely unnecessary), and skeptical (e.g., the campaigns are not diverse and inclusive enough; the motivation behind real women campaigns is profit-driven and disingenuous, making the efforts less meaningful) reactions. Findings provide insight into how people use online spaces to engage in dialogue about the positive and negative outcomes of real women campaigns.
Unrepresented states and the challenge of historicization.

Bernd Nissen has been developing a metapsychology of hypochondria and ‘autistoid’ states for 20 years, working within the Kleinian object relations tradition to formulate the earliest events of psychic life. His imaginative work shows careful thinking about early catastrophic developmental experiences which may lead to various forms of psychopathology. In the current paper, Hypochondria as an actual neurosis, Nissen extends his progressive work on hypochondria and joins his evolving theory of autistoid encapsulation to a revival of interest in Freud's concept of actual neurosis, the experience of unrepresentable early trauma, the problems of historicization, and to Winnicott's description of the fear of breakdown. I first summarize Nissen's theoretical work in the area of hypochondria and autistoid encapsulation, and then comment on his current paper including the challenge of historicization in unrepresented states. Finally I consider the question of parsimony in Nissen's metapsychology.
In vitro assembly of an early spliceosome defining both splice sites

For splicing of a metazoan pre-mRNA, the four major splice signals - 5′ and 3′ splice sites (SS), branch-point site (BS), and a poly-pyrimidine tract (PPT) - are initially bound by splicing factors U1 snRNP, U2AF35, SF1, and U2AF65, respectively, leading up to an early spliceosomal complex, the E-complex. The E-complex consists of additional components and the mechanism of its assembly is unclear. Hence, how splice signals are organized within E-complex defining the exon-intron boundaries remains elusive. Here we present in vitro stepwise reconstitution of an early spliceosome, assembled by cooperative actions of U1 snRNP, SRSF1, SF1, U2AF65, U2AF35, and hnRNP A1, termed here the recognition (R) complex, within which both splice sites are recognized. The R-complex assembly indicates that the SRSF1:pre-mRNA complex initially defines a substrate for U1 snRNP, engaging exons at both ends of an intron. Subsequent 5′SS-dependent U1 snRNP binding enables recognition of the remaining splice signals, defining the intron. This R-complex assembly indicates the minimal constituents for intron definition revealing mechanistic principles behind the splice site recognition.
Pentecostal theology: living the full gospel

This book is the first in a new series entitled Systematic Pentecostal and Charismatic Theology edited by Wolfgang Vondey and Daniela C. Augustine. As such, it represents the expansion of theologic...
Roman Architecture and Urbanism: From the Origins to Late Antiquity

Since antiquity, Roman architecture and planning have inspired architects and designers. In this volume, Diane Favro and Fikret Yegul offer a comprehensive history and analysis of the Roman built environment, emphasizing design and planning aspects of buildings and streetscapes. They explore the dynamic evolution and dissemination of architectural ideas, showing how local influences and technologies were incorporated across the vast Roman territory. They also consider how Roman construction and engineering expertise, as well as logistical proficiency, contributed to the making of bold and exceptional spaces and forms. Based on decades of first-hand examinations of ancient sites throughout the Roman world, from Britain to Syria, the authors give close accounts of many sites no longer extant or accessible. Written in a lively and accessible manner, Roman Architecture and Urbanism affirms the enduring attractions of Roman buildings and environments and their relevance to a global view of architecture. It will appeal to readers interested in the classical world and the history of architecture and urban design, as well as wide range of academic fields. With 835 illustrations including numerous new plans and drawings as well as digital renderings.
“Whoever Imitates a People Becomes One of Them”: A Hadith and its Interpreters

This article examines the canonization of the Prophetic hadith, “Whoever imitates a people becomes one of them,” which became the keynote expression of tashabbuh (reprehensible imitation), a Sunni doctrine commonly invoked by religious authorities to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims. First, I analyze how the Partisans of Hadith transmitted and classified the hadith, highlighting the pivotal role of Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) in canonizing the tradition. I then trace the divergent trajectories of its interpretation over time, especially the glosses of two brilliant Damascenes: Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (d. 1061/1651). This study draws not only from hadith commentaries but also from treatises on law, ethics, and Sufism, illustrating how hadith interpretation takes place in multiple Islamic literary genres. A detailed appendix catalogues the collections of hadith that transmit the tradition; compares different narrations in order to date and locate its circulation; and visually maps its isnād networks.
The Mathematics of Plate Bending

Recent work (Green IV.5 this Chapter) has investigated the link between patterns seen in plant structures and the physics of solid materials. In this work the plant is modeled as an elastic solid subjected to specific boundary conditions and forces. When stressed, this elastic solid deforms to maintain a state of minimal energy. The equations governing the deflection of such a structure are well defined and can be solved numerically. This work attempts to offer a simple explanation of the plant model, the governing equations and the solution methods. See Green et al. (1996) for further discussion.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in beef heart mitochondria and derived enzymically active lipoprotein fractions.

The dietary deficiency of essential fatty acids results in anatomical changes in animals, which are accompanied by changes in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the tissues (1). The chemical manifestations of the deficiency are principally a greatly increased content of trienoic acids and a decrease in the other polyunsaturated acids in the tissues, notably in the heart and liver (2). Klein and Johnson (3) have demonstrated that polyunsaturated acids occur in the subcellular granules, and that changes in the polyunsaturated acids content of these granules begin much earlier in the deficiency than the external symptoms appear (4). Essential fatty acid deficiency is accompanied by an abnormal metabolism. Burr and Beber (5) found that deficient rats have a higher basal metabolic rate, higher specific dynamic action of foods, and higher respiratory quotients than do normal rats. Deficiency has been found to cause changes in the enzyme activities of tissues. Endogenous respiration of the liver decreases, liver cytochrome oxidase increases, choline oxidase increases slightly, the titer of antimycin A-sensitive factor increases, and the P:O ratios of enzyme preparations decrease markedly in deficiency (6, 7). In fat deficiency, succinic dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, and butyric dehydrogenase activities are also reduced significantly (8). Ultraviolet irradiation of rat liver mitochondria, or the addition of partly oxidized linoleate or linolenate, factors which could induce oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, were found to inhibit succinoxidase activity (9). These several lines of evidence suggest that polyunsaturated acids are necessary for or are involved in some enzyme activities. In the light of the information summarized above, it seemed pertinent to measure the content of polyunsaturated acids in enzyme preparations of mitochondrial origin. The data presented here show that polyunsaturated acids are present in significant amounts in these enzyme complexes, and are consistent with the suggestion that polyenoic acids may have some function in the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by these complexes.
Regulating Segregation: The Contribution of the ABA Criminal Justice Standards on the Treatment of Prisoners

Over recent decades, solitary confinement for prisoners has increased in prevalence and in salience. Whether given the label "disciplinary segregation," "administrative segregation," "special housing," "seg," "the hole," "supermax," or any of a dozen or more names, the conditions of solitary confinement share basic features: twenty-three hours per day or more spent alone in a cell, with little to do and no one to talk to, and one hour per day or less in a different, but no less isolated, setting-an exercise cage or a space with a shower. Long-term segregation units operated along these lines are extraordinarily expensive to build and operate. Too many prisoners are housed in them for too long, in conditions whose harshness stems more from criminal·justice politics than from correctional necessity or even usefulness. Prisoners in long· term segregation units often experience extreme suffering, and those who have serious mental illness frequently decompensate and become Horidly psychotic. As one judge has explained, "[fJor these inmates, placing them in the SHU [Security Housing Unit] is the mental equivalent of putting an asthmatic in a place with little air to breathe."t Some prisoners who enter long-term segregation in a relatively psycho­ logically healthy state experience mental-health damage as well. Such conditions are inconsistent with the human dignity of prisoners and are frequently counterpro­ ductive. It is for this reason that the American Bar Association's (ABA) Criminal Justice