cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Some Ring‐Substituted 2‐Cyano‐N,N‐Dimethyl‐3‐Phenyl‐2‐Propenamides

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, alkyl ring‐substituted 2‐cyano‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenamides, RC6H4CH[dbnd]C(CN)CON(CH3)2 (where R is H, 2‐CH3, 3‐CH3, 4‐CH3, 4‐CH2CH3, 4‐CH(CH3)2, 4‐CH2CH2CH2CH3, 2,4‐diCH3, 2,5‐diCH3,), were synthesized by potassium hydroxide catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and N,N‐dimethyl cyanoacetamide, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator, ABCN at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High T g of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis in...
Level of living and fertility among a rural population of the Philippines.

This study examines the issue of whether the relationship of fertility to measures of economic resources is different at lower income levels than at higher levels. Testing was done in a rural Philippine setting in 1978-79. 3 measures of economic resources were utilized -- income quality of housing and provision of schooling for children. The data were drawn from a survey of rural families residing in 5 muncipalities of Iloilo province on Panay Island in the central Philippines. In the study design villages (or barangays) were selected from the 5 municipalities to obtain equal numbers of 3 agricultural types -- upland rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland farms. Interviews were conducted during a 4-month period in late 1978 and early 1979. Completed interviews of 1077 married women were obtained from 1066 households in 46 villages. These women were under age 50. The number of children ever born was used as the measure of fertility. To derive household income for the families in the survey both farm production and nonfarm income were converted into Philippine pesos. For a measure of housing quality an index was formed based on 7 household items which could be considered amenities for the family and on the reported construction materials for 5 parts of the dwelling. This sample of households in the rural villages of Iloilo Province exhibited evidence of a threshold in the relationship between housing quality and fertility and between per capita income and fertility. For those families with per capita income less than 200 pesos per year there was a strong positive relationship between 2 of the economic resource measures and fertility. This threshold for families of very low income showed support for the presence of limiting factors other than contraception. When the contracepting women of low income were removed from the analysis the slope below the threshold became steeper. The poor nutrition and poor health that are associated with very low income can result in lower fecundity thus biologically or nonvolitionally limiting fertility from what it could be with conditions of good health and nutrition. Among the families with higher per capita income there was a negative relationship between per capita income and fertility. Housing quality yielded the strongest evidence of the threshold effect. Education of the children was not related to fertility in this model. Study findings indicate that for about 1/3 of this rural population initial increases in their economic level or living standard could result in increasing fertility up to a threshold level.
Intermolecular peroxyl radical reactions during autoxidation of hydroxy and hydroperoxy arachidonic acids generate a novel series of epoxidized products.

We report on the identification of novel epoxide products formed during the autoxidative transformation of 15S-hydroxy- and 15S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetra-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-enoic acids (15S-HETE and 15S-HPETE). These epoxides account for about 20–30% of the polar compounds detected during the early stages of autoxidation. Their common structural features are retention of the original 15S-hydroxy or 15S-hydroperoxy moiety with epoxidation of the 11Z or 13E double bonds in the conjugated diene of the starting material. Four main epoxyalcohol isomers were characterized from the hydroxy fatty acid 15S-HETE, comprising two pairs of diastereomers with either an 11,12-trans or 13,14-trans epoxide functionality. Four main epoxyhydroperoxides identified from 15S-HPETE comprised two pairs with cis or trans epoxide configuration at the 11,12 position. To account for these transformations, we propose a mechanism involving peroxyl radical dependent dimerization or oligomerization of the fatty acid hydroxy or hydroperoxy deri...
The role of excited state ionization data on H and He generalized collisional?radiative coefficients

We present results of collisional–radiative modelling of H, He and He+ for use in plasma transport studies. Generalized collisional–radiative (GCR) coefficients are generated for each ion using the most recent atomic data available. The data generated cover electron densities up to 1 × 1015 cm−3 and electron temperatures up to about 200 eV. These data are archived online for use by modelling codes. We then present a study on the role of excited state ionization data on GCR coefficients. For most ions, excited state ionization cross sections are not well known. We use the high quality data that are available for H, He and He+ to test two commonly used methods for excited state ionization data, namely, semi-classical methods or perturbative methods. It is found that for neutral H and He, the exchange classical impact parameter (ECIP) method provides accurate data for derived GCR coefficients, while the perturbative distorted-wave methods lead to significant overestimates of the effective ionization rate coefficient. For He+, using perturbative distorted-wave data for the excited state ionization processes gives reasonably accurate results for the GCR coefficients, while the ECIP results significantly underestimate the effective ionization rate coefficient. Thus, for neutral H and He the semi-classical method is to be preferred over the distorted-wave method, and the situation is reversed for He+.
On the origin of Titan's atmosphere

The present atmosphere of Titan exhibits evidence of extensive evolution, in the form of rapid photochemical destruction of methane and a large fractionation of the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. Attempts to recover the initial inventory of volatiles lead toward a model in which nitrogen was originally supplied as NH3, essentially unmodified from its relative abundance in the outer solar nebula. Titan's atmospheric methane, in contrast, appears to have been formed from carbon and other carbon compounds, either by gas phase reactions in the subnebula or by accretional heating during the formation of Titan. These conclusions can be tested by further studies of abundances and isotope ratios in Titan's atmosphere, augmented by studies of comets. The possible similarity of carbon and nitrogen inventories on Titan to those on the inner planets makes this investigation particularly intriguing.
Effect of water and its derived impurities on metal oxides

Water, an ubiquitous impurity in all phases of materials processing, degrades the near-infrared transmission of metal halides and oxides. With the halides, one deals with both the oxygen and hydrogen impurities derived from H2O, while with the oxides, only the H-impurity. The electrolytic and thermal dissociation modes of H2O become significant at the much higher process temperature of the refractory metal oxides. Because of the high strength of the oxide ion as a Lewis base, halogen atoms are unable to abstract the proton of the H-impurity. However, they can displace by electron transfer the H-impurity as the unit OH, a pseudohalide. The limitation and application of the use of halogens to clean up H-impurities in metal oxides are demonstrated with the use of basic and acidic metal oxides.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of isotopic substitution on the electron spin resonance spectra of flavin and flavoprotein free radicals.

Abstract Electron spin resonance spectra of fully deuterated blue-green algal (Synechococcus lividus) flavin and flavoprotein radicals are presented and compared to spectra from 1 H radicals. The [ 2 H] flavoprotein spectrum indicates the utility of deuterated organisms for in vivo studies of this signal. Isotropic hyperfine coupling constants for [ 2 H] flavin mononucleotide radicals in water at neutral pH have been determined to a precision of ± 0.1 Gauss. They are (in Gauss): A 5 (N), 7.2; A 10 (N), 3.6; A 5 ( 1 H), 7.7; A 5 ( 2 H), 1.2.
An empirical test of environmental, organizational, and process factors affecting incremental and radical innovation

Abstract This study examines the influence of environmental, organizational, process, and managerial characteristics on incremental and radical innovation across three industries (aerospace, electronic components, and telecommunications). Results show that different mixes of environmental and organizational variables were significant predictors of incremental and radical innovation. Factors that favor incremental innovation include environmental dynamism, age and size of the firm (although not in the expected direction), intrafirm structural linkages, and the age of the CEO. Factors that favor radical innovation include environmental dynamism, intrafirm linkages, experimentation, and transitioning or sequencing from one project or product to another.
Surgical correction of mandibulofacial deformities secondary to large cervical cystic hygromas

The clinical features of cystic hygroma are presented. The effect on mandibular morphology is described, and surgical correction of the deformities is discussed.
A critical assessment of the overcoordination model for the Pb center at the 〈111〉 Si/SiO2 interface

Abstract In this paper we will review our recent calculations on two models for the P b center at the 〈111〉 Si/SiO 2 interface. The first model is the Poindexter model, the trivalent silicon atom. The second and more recently proposed model is one in which an oxygen atom that is part of the SiO 2 network interacts with a surface silicon atom to form a three-fold coordinated oxygen atom (and a four-fold silicon atom). We compare our theoretical results to experimental 29 Si, and 17 O hyperfine results, electrical levels as obtained from DLTS and C  V measurements, and to recent high pressure DLTS results. In all cases, the Poindexter model is in excellent agreement, while the overcoordination model is in striking disagreement. The most recent experiment is the pressure-dependent DLTS. This imposes severe constraints on the sign and magnitude of interaction between a network oxygen atom and an otherwise trivalent silicon atom.
Seesaw mechanism with four texture zeros in the neutrino Yukawa matrix

With the recent observation of nonzero ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$, five neutrino oscillation parameters are now known. By imposing four zeros in the Yukawa coupling matrix of the type I seesaw model, the number of parameters in the neutrino mass matrix is reduced to seven, and we are able to make predictions for the lightest neutrino mass, Dirac $CP$ phase, and neutrinoless double beta decay. Four texture zeros in the Yukawa coupling matrix is equivalent to either a single texture zero or a single cofactor zero for an off-diagonal element of the light neutrino mass matrix. We find strong similarities between single texture zero models with one mass ordering and single cofactor zero models with the opposite mass ordering. In the context of a specific class of single-flavor leptogenesis models, we find additional constraints on the parameter space.
Mobilization of a nursing community after a disaster.

TOPIC. This article is a personal account of the author's experience of coordinating American Red Cross Disaster Health Services in her home community (Fort Worth, TX) following Hurricane Katrina. Although the community was 550 miles away from the impacted area, thousands of evacuees arrived in this community in need of immediate attention. PURPOSE. The purpose of this article is to share significant lessons that were learned from the experience to help other communities prepare for future disasters. SOURCE FOR INFORMATION. The article is derived from the author's experience and observation. CONCLUSIONS. In the midst of a disaster, nurses have a unique opportunity to make a professional contribution to recovery efforts. Learning from previous experiences can strengthen the effectiveness of our response.
An evaluation of the practical syllogism as a model of man for human communication research

Arguments for the use of the practical syllogism for rules theories entail a claim that the practical syllogism represents an alternative model of man for scientific research. This analysis evaluates that claim by: (1) examining the structure of the practical syllogism and its accompanying logics; (2) comparing the logics of the syllogism with logics of human behavior; (3) identifying the contraints upon research by the action theory assumptions of the syllogism; and, (4) projecting these constraints upon three areas of substantive research ‐ mass, interpersonal, and organizational communication.
Consequences of delay in surgical treatment of biliary disease.

Abstract Background: Delay of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after the diagnosis of uncomplicated biliary disease is common at our institution. This study assessed the effect of delay of operation for symptomatic biliary disease. Methods: A cohort of 251 patients was retrospectively reviewed at Parkland Memorial Hospital with follow-up available for 168 patients (67%) from January 1998 to July 1998. Data were analyzed using Student's t test and the chi-square test. Results: Of the 88 patients with the initial diagnosis of biliary colic, 69 (78%) underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty-six patients made a total of 44 return visits the emergency department with a recurrent attack of biliary colic or a complication of gallstone disease. Mean operative time increased from 94 minutes for elective operations to 122 minutes for nonelective operations and hospital stay increased from 0.6 days to 6.1 days. Conversion to open operation increased from 6% in the elective group to 26% in the nonelective group. Conclusions: Delay of surgical therapy is associated with complications, increased operative times, higher conversion to open cholecystectomy, and prolonged hospitalization. We conclude that patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis should undergo early cholecystectomy.
Liposomes Containing 3-n-Pentadecylcatechol Induce Tolerance to Toxicodendron

Pentadecylcatechol (PDC) (1 mg) incorporated into liposomes (PDC-liposomes) and given by intracardiac injection to guinea pigs 1 week prior to attempted topical sensitization to PDC significantly inhibited that sensitization as evidenced by patch tests done 2 weeks after the attempted topical sensitization. PDC (1 mg) dissolved in ethanol did not significantly inhibit sensitization. Sensitization inhibition was specific since dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization was not inhibited by prior intracardiac treatment with PDC-liposomes. In addition, the sensitization to PDC was no longer inhibited if the time between the intracardiac PDC-liposome injection and the topical PDC sensitizing dose was increased from 1 week to 2 or more weeks.
Variation in the trophic basis of production and energy flow associated with emergence of larval salamander assemblages from forest ponds

Summary 1. Larval amphibians are a dominant consumer in many freshwater systems, yet limited data on energy transfers between aquatic food resources and larvae and between metamorphosed larvae and adjacent habitats preclude an accurate assessment of their roles as links between aquatic and terrestrial food webs. 2. During 2003–04, we derived prey-specific assimilation efficiencies, analysed stomach contents, and intensively sampled ambystomatid salamander assemblages in four ponds to quantify the trophic basis of larval production. Using estimates of the contribution of each prey taxon to larval production, we constructed quantitative food webs and assessed variation in pathways of energy flow associated with emergences. 3. Overall, metamorphosed salamanders exported 3–8% of total prey production, required to account for total salamander production, to adjacent forest. Aquatic insects, zooplankton and amphibian prey were most important to energy flow associated with emergence; amounts of larval production attributed to each of these prey types shifted during development and varied among salamander taxa. 4. The majority of variation in the trophic basis of production among species was attributed to copepods (Cyclopidae) and three families of aquatic insects (Chironomidae, Chaoboridae and Culicidae). Dominant prey types contributing to the production of metamorphosed salamanders varied among ponds, representing different pathways for energy transfers between aquatic resources and forest habitats. These findings further our understanding of the ecological roles of amphibians and thus the consequences of amphibian declines and extinctions.
Evolution and Revolution: The Dynamics of Corruption

This article considers the problem of how cooperative norms can be established by modeling the evolution of a system of corruption. A fixed population of players is assumed that play a series of supergames with randomly chosen opponents. Each stage game in the supergames is a prisoner's dilemma. This article exhibits the conditions under which an equilibrium of corruption exists and is stable. There are two types of players, adaptive and nonadaptive ones. Among the nonadaptive players, there is a small proportion that always chooses to be conditionally honest in every new supergame. Furthermore, corruption generates small but cumulative social costs. This article shows that the joint presence of a small group of “honest” players and of cumulative social costs is sufficient to drive the system to a critical (i.e., catastrophis) point in which the stable equilibrium of corruption suddenly becomes unstable. When the system has reached such a catastrophic point, a small perturbation is enough to drive it towa...
Error bounds for the integration of singular functions using equidistributed sequences

We consider integral approximations using equidistributed point sequences, which converge for Riemann integrable functions. Under certain conditions, Sobol (Soviet Math. Dokl. 14 (1973) 734) and Klinger (Computing 59 (1997) 223) showed convergence for some classes of singular functions. We focus on asymptotic error bounds and give a scheme for extensions of Sobol's results, thereby obtaining insight in the asymptotic error structure. Numerical examples are presented, validating the principle of "ignoring the singularity" and illustrating the use of extrapolation.
Effects of aluminum on DNA synthesis, cellular polyamines, polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and inorganic ions in cell suspension cultures of a woody plant, Catharanthus roseus

Minocha, R., Minocha, S. C., Long, S. L. and Shortle, W. C. 1992. Effects of aluminum on DNA synthesis, cellular polyamines, polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and inorganic ions in cell suspension cultures of a woody plant, Cutl~nranthus roseus. - Physiol. Plant. 85: 417424. Increased aluminum (Al) solubility in soil waters due to acid precipitation has aroused considerable interest in the problem of A1 toxicity in plants. In the present study, an in vitro suspension culture system of Catkarantlzus roseus (L.) G. Don was used to analyze the effects of aluminum on several biochemical proccsscs in these cells. The aliphatic polyamines, spermine and spcrmidine, and their precursor, putrescine, have been implicated in a number of stress responses of plants. Addition of 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 mM AIC1, to cells cultured for 3 days caused a small but significant increase in cellular levels of putrescine at 4 h followed by a sharp decline by 16 h. There was no further decline in levels of putrescine during the next 32 h. Spermidine levels did not change appreciably compared to those in the control cultures. However, spermine levels increased by 2-3-fold at 24 and 48 h. Cellular activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC; EC 4.1.1.50) were both inhibited by 2&25% at 4 and 7 h. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) was less than 10% of ADC activity at all times. Whereas all concentrations of Al caused a slight decrease in total ccll number, ccll viability was affcctcd only by 1.0 mM Al. There was a decrease in the cellular levels of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, P and Fe in thc cells treated with Al at 4 h, but a significant increase by 16 and 24 h. The results presented here suggest that both the absolute amounts of Al and the length of exposure to it are important for ccll toxicity.
arc-dependent thermal regulation and extragenic suppression of the Escherichia coli cytochrome d operon.

In a screen for Escherichia coli genes whose products are required for high-temperature growth, we identified and characterized a mini-Tn10 insertion that allows the formation of wild-type-size colonies at 30 degrees C but results in microcolony formation at 36 degrees C and above (Ts- phenotype). Mapping, molecular cloning, and DNA sequencing analyses showed that the mini-Tn10 insertion resides in the cydB gene, the distal gene of the cydAB operon (cytochrome d). The Ts- growth phenotype was also shown to be associated with previously described cyd alleles. In addition, all cyd mutants were found to be extremely sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that cyd-specific mRNA levels accumulate following a shift to high temperature. Interestingly, this heat shock induction of the cyd operon was not affected in an rpoH delta background but was totally absent in an arcA or arcB mutant background. Extragenic suppressors of the Cyd Ts- phenotype are found at approximately 10(-3). Two extragenic suppressors were shown to be null alleles in either arcA or arcB. One interpretation of our results is that in the absence of ArcA or ArcB, which are required for the repression of the cyo operon (cytochrome o), elevated levels of Cyo are produced, thus compensating for the missing cytochrome d function. Consistent with this interpretation, the presence of the cyo gene on a multicopy plasmid suppressed the Ts- and hydrogen peroxide-sensitive phenotypes of cyd mutants. Images
Evidence of electron mass-shift in the forward scattered radiation from a laser-air spark

Abstract A simple mechanism is suggested to correlate the mass-shift effect of an electron in a laser beam with the frequency shift of the forward scattered radiation from a laser-air spark. Estimation gives 〈Δm〉 m ≈ 1.3 × 10 −4 according to the experimental observation.
X-ray free-electron lasers—present and future capabilities [Invited]

The Linac Coherent Light Source is now in operation as an X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) user facility. It produces coherent pulses of 550–10,000 eV X-rays of duration adjustable from <10 fsto500 fs. Typical peak power is in excess of 20 GW. The facility will soon be joined by several X-ray FELs under construction around the world. This article will provide an abridged history of free-electron lasers, a description of some basic physics regarding free-electron laser light amplification, and an overview of the rapidly growing list of examples in which lasers will be used in the control and operation of X-ray FELs.
Lattice Attenuating Networks

The recent compilation by P.K. McElroy of resistive attenuating network sections is extended to include the lattice or bridge type section. Design formulas are developed for the general case where the terminal impedances are unequal as well as for the special case where they are equal. The minimum attenuation limitation is shown to be identical to that of the T and the π section.
Cancer Risk Management Decision Making for BRCA+ Women

Women with pathogenic BRCA genetic mutations face high risks for cancer development. Estimates vary among mutation carriers, with lifetime risks ranging from 41% to 90% for breast cancer and 8% to 62% for ovarian cancer. Cancer risk management options for BRCA mutation positive (BRCA+) women have life-altering implications. This qualitative, phenomenological study explored the experience of cancer risk management decision making for women who are unaffected carriers of a BRCA mutation (previvors). Fifteen previvors recruited from Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered (FORCE), an online informational and support group, were interviewed. Findings consisted of four major themes: the early previvor experience, intense emotional upheaval; the decisional journey, navigating a personal plan for survival; lack of knowledge and experience among health care providers; and support is essential. Findings highlight the different decisional perspectives of previvors based on age and individual factors and the need for in...
Suicide risk factors among veterans: Risk management in the changing culture of the department of veterans affairs

Suicide risk management in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system is particularly challenging because of both patient characteristics and aspects of the delivery system. The prototypical suicide-prone person is an older white male with alcoholism, depression, physical problems, and poor psychosocial support. This describes a large portion of the veteran patient population. Suicide risk factors that are common in VA patients include male gender, older age, diminished social environment support (exemplified by homelessness and unmarried status), availability and knowledge of firearms, and the prevalence of medical and psychiatric conditions associated with suicide. A variety of characteristics of the VA system complicate suicide management. Efforts under way to emphasize ambulatory care and decrease the VA culture of reliance on inpatient treatment heighten the importance of accurate suicide assessment. The authors recommend several strategies that VA administrators can consider for improving the assessment and management of veterans with long-term suicide risk factors.
Computer-generated Automatic Alerts of Respiratory Distress after Blood Transfusion

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), the leading cause of transfusion-related death, is underreported by clinicians. For TRALI research, a clinician-independent, computerized system has been developed to detect patients with acute respiratory distress posttransfusion. A computer system generates an alert when a blood gas result indicated a PaO2:FiO2 ratio below 300, within twelve hours of blood issued from the blood bank for a patient. The system was prospectively compared to conventional daily rounds in intensive care units (ICUs). We found that ICU rounds detected 9 of 14 patients (64%), while the computer system detected 13 of 14 patients (93%), p = 0.125. ICU rounds took two to three hours per day, while the computer system took one to one and one-half hours per day of investigator time. In conclusion, an automatic computer alert system was more efficient, and was as effective as conventional daily ICU rounds, in detecting patients with posttransfusion acute respiratory distress.
Assisted navigation for large information spaces

This paper presents a new technique for visualizing large, complex collections of data. The size and dimensionality of these datasets make them challenging to display in an effective manner. The images must show the global structure of spatial relationships within the dataset, yet at the same time accurately represent the local detail of each data element being visualized. We propose combining ideas from information and scientific visualization together with a navigation assistant, a software system designed to help users identify and explore areas of interest within their data. The assistant locates data elements of potential importance to the user, clusters them into spatial regions, and builds underlying graph structures to connect the regions and the elements they contain. Graph traversal algorithms, constraint-based viewpoint construction, and intelligent camera planning techniques can then be used to design animated tours of these regions. In this way, the navigation assistant can help users to explore any of the areas of interest within their data. We conclude by demonstrating how our assistant is being used to visualize a multidimensional weather dataset.
Dose rate dependence of damage clustering during heavy ion irradiation in Si

Abstract The influence of dose rate on damage accumulation during heavy ion irradiation in Si was investigated. Combined analysis techniques including Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the nature and amount of residual damage. For room temperature irradiations, the amount of residual damage increased with increasing dose rate over the entire range investigated. However, no dependence was observed for cryogenic irradiations. These results are shown to be in good agreement with a model which assumes that damage is nucleated homogeneously.
Langmuir-blodgett superconductors based on C/sub 60/, new donor-acceptor systems, and a new conducting polymer$

Summary form only given. Pure C/sub 60/ forms Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers [1]; a hysteretic low-field signal in an EPR spectrometer in a K-doped 50-layer LB multilayer of C/sub 60/ appears at or below 8.1 K, due to flux exclusion by K/sub 3/C/sub 60/ (superconductivity): this is the first LB film superconductor [2]. The crystal structure of BDMT-TTeF (1) With C/sub 60/ and a molecule of CS/sub 2/, an insulator, has been determined [3]. Other donors, such as DTDAF (2), form a 1:1 insulating and a 2:5 semiconducting (0.01 S/cm) complex with TCNQ, with evidence for TCNQ-- dianions in the solid state [4]. A conducting polymer, poly-(naphtho-[2,3 c]thiophene-alt-bithiophene) (3) has a band gap of only 0.65 eV, and a conductivity of 0.002 S/cm [5]
Corporate governance and ownership structure and new technology acquisition: empirical evidence of Indian manufacturing firms

In this study, we study the role of corporate governance and ownership structure on a firm's capability of acquiring new technology. More specifically, we examine how foreign ownership, large shareholder, general manager duality and general manager's working experience influence a firm's capability to acquire and develop new technology. Using data from 807 Indian firms, we found that general manager duality is positively related to a firm's likelihood of technology acquisition; however, a general manager's experience hinders a firm from acquiring new technology. This study suggests that top management motivation plays a critical role in increasing a firm's competitive advantage.
Variability of Water Vapor, Infrared Radiative Cooling, and Atmospheric Instability for Deep Convection in the Equatorial Western Pacific

Abstract In the troposphere of the equatorial western Pacific, the water vapor variability dominates the temperature variability in changing the clear-sky infrared (IR) cooling rate. The large water vapor variability, especially its bimodal distribution at certain levels of the upper troposphere, leads to distinct structures of the clear-sky IR radiative cooling rate. The IR cooling rate, its maximum normally in the upper troposphere (∼300 hPa) and minimum in the lower troposphere (∼650 hPa), tends to become vertically uniform when the upper troposphere is abnormally dry. A local, maximum IR cooling rate may occur in the boundary layer when the lower troposphere becomes extraordinarily dry. The changes in IR cooling due to the water vapor variability affect the rate of generation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the conditional instability for deep convection. Little or no mean rainfall over an area of roughly 3 × 105 km2 is observed when either the rate of generation of CAPE suffers fr...
Carbon allocation and morphology of cherrybark oak seedlings and sprouts under three light regimes

• Continued problems in regenerating oak forests has led to a need for more basic information on oak seedling biology. • In the present study, carbon allocation and morphology were compared between cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings and sprouts at 1-Lag grown in full, 47%, and 20% sunlight. • Results indicated that cherrybark oak seedling carbon allocation and morphology responded plastically to light availability. In full light, roots were sinks for 14 C, while shoots were sinks for 14 C under reduced light availability. Cherrybark oak sprouts exhibited similar carbon allocation patterns in response to light availability, but displayed stronger shoot sinks than seedlings when grown underreduced light availability. We also showed that young oak sprout roots are a sink for 14 C-photosynthates. • Results from this study point to the need for a morphological index for oak sprout development so more precise comparisons in sprout development and physiology can be made with seedlings.
Removing Roadblocks to Intelligent Vehicles and Driverless Cars

This paper addresses some of the early policy concerns about "connected cars" and driverless vehicles and promotes "bottom-up" solutions to ensure that innovation continues to flourish in this space. The authors argue that the generally unabated advancement of intelligent-vehicle technology will produce significant economic and social benefits. Various technical and policy barriers to more widespread adoption remain, however, and misguided regulation could delay or curtail the adoption of this important technology. This paper outlines ways of overcoming those hurdles. The authors also argue that policymakers should keep in mind that individuals have gradually adapted to similar disruptions in the past and, therefore, patience and humility are needed when considering policy for intelligent-vehicle systems.
On the effective sampling time of regenerative comparators

A practical regenerative comparator will be modeled as a comparator with ideal sampling accuracy preceded by a time-windowing function. An analysis of the regenerative comparator will be presented resulting in an expression for the windowing function in terms of the time constants of the comparator. The windowing function is useful for determining the sampling accuracy of the comparator and its sensitivity to pre- and post-clock analog inputs. Data from measurements that are consistent with the analysis will be presented. Design implications of the windowing function will be discussed.
Art Resale Royalty Options

Proposed federal law requires payments from the reseller of art to an artist when her work is resold. They can be conceptualized as a substitute for copyright royalties or for the profits of a joint venture between the artist and the collector. Application is analyzed by art type, especially multiples, place of sale, and nationality or residence of the seller, buyer, intermediary or artist, and by what constitutes a sale in a world of leases, exchanges, gifts, bequests, charitable donations, loans and casualty losses.If the base is gross sales price, is that the amount the seller receives, the amount the buyer pays, or another amount? If the base is net profit, allowable expenses of holding and selling the art must be determined.Such laws benefit the artist; some also benefit surviving spouses or heirs. The benefit might be limited to citizens or residents of the country, or of a country providing reciprocity. The right could last for a short time after the first sale, for the duration of the copyright, or forever.Whether the right should be waivable or transferable has been hotly contested.When laws of multiple countries apply, choice of law is needed.The tax consequences of transferring the underlying right and the payment or receipt of the royalty are important.Enforcement provisions are discussed, such as withholding, information reporting, remedies, and the roles of collecting societies, statutes of limitations, and government agencies.Comparisons are made to Australian, English, French and California law.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are routinely prescribed for the management of a variety of neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes. Physiologic changes due to aging, pregnancy, nutritional status, drug interactions, and diseases (ie, those involving liver and kidney function) can affect pharmacokinetics of AEDs. This review discusses foundational pharmacokinetic characteristics of AEDs currently available in the United States, including clobazam but excluding the other benzodiazepines. Commonalities of pharmacokinetic properties of AEDs are discussed in detail. Important differences among AEDs and clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or elimination associated with AEDs are highlighted. In general, newer AEDs have more predictable kinetics and lower risks for drug interactions. This is because many are minimally or not bound to serum proteins, are primarily renally cleared or metabolized by non-cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and/or have lower potential to induce/inhibit various hepatic enzyme systems. A clear understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of individual AEDs is essential in creating a safe and effective treatment plan for a patient.
Can the Theory of Planned Behavior predict dietary intention and future dieting in an ethnically diverse sample of overweight and obese veterans attending medical clinics

Obesity has become a world-wide epidemic; in the United States (U.S.) approximately two-thirds of adults are classified as overweight or obese. Military veterans' numbers are even higher, with 77% of retired or discharged U.S. veterans falling in these weight categories. One of the most common methods of changing one's weight is through dieting, yet little is known regarding the factors that facilitate successful dieting behavior. The current investigation tested the Theory of Planned Behavior's (TPB) ability to predict dietary intention and future dieting in a sample of 84 overweight and obese patients attending medical clinics at a Veterans Affairs Hospital in the southwestern part of the U.S. Participants primarily were male (92%) and ethnic/racial minorities (58%). Perceived need and anticipated regret were added to the standard TPB model. While the TPB predicted dietary intention, it did not significantly account for improved dietary behaviors. Anticipated regret significantly enhanced the basic TPB's ability to predict intention to diet, while perceived need did not. These findings highlight the difficulty in predicting sustained change in a complex behavior such as dieting to lose weight. The need for more work with older, overweight/obese medical patients attending veterans' facilities is stressed, as is the need for such work with male patients and ethnic minorities in particular.
Synthesis and Characterization of (Disilylanilino)Phosphines

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTThe disilyl(4-bromo)aniline (Me3Si)2NC6H4Br (A) readily undergoes metal-halogen exchange to give the reactive organolithium derivative (Me3Si)2NC6H4Li (B). Subsequent reactions with various chlorophosphines, R(R′)PCl, or chloro(disilylamino)phosphines, (Me3Si)2NP(R)Cl, were used to prepare three varieties of the title compounds: (Me3Si)2NC6H4P(R′)R (1: R = R′ = NMe2; 2: R = R′ = OCH2CF3; 3: R = Ph, R′ = OCH2CF3; 4: R = R′ = Ph; 5: R = Ph, R′ = Me), (Me3Si)2NC6H4P(R)N(SiMe3)2 [6: R = Me; 7: R = i-Pr; 8: R = n-Bu, 9: R = OCH2CF3; 10: R = C6H4N(SiMe3)2; 11: R = Ph], and (Me3Si)2NC6H4P(Ph)R [12: R = n-Bu; 13: R = C6H4N(SiMe3)2]. The new compounds 1–13 were generally obtained as colorless, distillable liquids that were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P) spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Recursive Deadbeat Controller Design

This paper presents a recursive algorithm for a deadbeat predictive controller design. The method combines together the concepts of system identification and deadbeat controller designs. It starts with the multi-step output prediction equation and derives the control force in terms of past input and output time histories. The formulation thus derived satisfies simultaneously system identification and deadbeat controller design requirements. As soon as the coefficient matrices are identified satisfying the output prediction equation, no further work is required to compute the deadbeat control gain matrices. The method can be implemented recursively just as any typical recursive system identification techniques.
Preparing For Your Software Asset Management Journey

Developing and implementing a software asset management plan is one of the most important initiatives any institution can undertake. Aside from preparing for the inevitable audit, a Software Asset Management (SAM) plan can create greater consistency of technology services, lower overall operating costs and safeguard the institution's data resources through consistent lifecycle maintenance. By evaluating and standardizing institutional software processes, Pima Community College stepped on the path of discovery by initiating a dialog that nurtured greater opportunities for collaboration and coordination between faculty, staff and Information Technology (IT). The increased dialog among stakeholders enabled the institution to identify and consolidate individualized software, improving the student experience and consistency of resources. With penalties of an audit as high as $150,000 for each software title infringed, the college hoped to prevent the installation of illegal software across its complex technology infrastructure, but discovered so much more on the road to safeguarding its assets. This presentation will describe the challenges of managing software assets in a multi-campus setting and provide an electronic copy of Pima Community College's plan, which can be used as a starting point for any organization. Shedding light on a SAM journey filled with adventure, the presenter will engage in an active dialog to discuss best practices and lessons learned along the way.
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: U.S. Military Human Spaceflight, 1979-1999

During the 1950s and 1960s, the United States Air Force (USAF) sought to justify military human spaceflight through a variety of programs, but USAF leaders found it difficult to specify requirements that only military astronauts could fulfill. Military research pilots who wanted to fly in space found themselves constrained to applying for admittance to the NASA astronaut program. After more than two decades of mostly disappointing efforts to formulate and sustain a military human spaceflight program, the advent of the Space Shuttle renewed hopes for success. In 1979, the USAF undertook a special, experimental project to select and train a cadre of Manned Spaceflight Engineer (MSE) officers for onboard support of Space Shuttle flights carrying payloads managed by the Department of Defense (DoD). This paper provides a detailed explication of the establishment, evolution, and demise of the MSE program during 1980s and how its vestiges endured through the Military-Man-In-Space (MMIS) concept of the 1990s. Broadly assessing the persistent USAF desire to justify MMIS, this paper briefly contemplates prospects for realizing that goal in the twenty-first century.
Leaching reaction mechanism of MgSiO_3 from laterite in NaOH sub-molten salt system

Based on the existence form of Mg Si O3 in garnierite, Mg Si O3 was synthetized through chemical precipitation method. Through the orthogonal experimentation, the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, liquid-to-solid ratio and concentration of Na OH on the leaching process of Mg Si O3 in Na OH sub-molten salt system were observed, and the optimal experimental conditions include reaction temperature of 210 ℃, reaction time of 180 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 6:1, and concentration of Na OH of 80%. Based on the optimized experiment, on-line detection for the reaction process was made by using Raman spectroscopy, XRD and IR were used to analyze the structural change of water leaching residue and explore the reaction mechanism of Mg Si O3 in Na OH sub-molten salt system. The results show that, during the reaction process, the Si—O bond in the Si O4 is destroyed and the Na OH inserts itself into the silicate lattice, producing intermediate Mg2 Si O4 and Na2 Mg Si O4 products. After the alkali leaching process, Mg2+ can be separated from Si O4 array, which can be released out of the silicate in the form of Mg(OH)2.
Serum sex hormones and severity of osteoarthritis of the hand.

Objective To examine the relationship of endogenous sex hormones to the severity of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (ROA) in 229 white women, mean age 74 years. Methods Hand ROA was graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale and according to individual features of OA: osteophytes, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, lateral deformity and joint collapse. Two measures of hand ROA were considered: the worst joint score assigned to any one of 10 hand joints and the sum of the scores for the 10 joints. Results Comparison of the age and obesity adjusted sex hormone concentrations by the worst Kellgren-Lawrence score or the worst score of the individual features of OA revealed little difference. There were no trends in the sex hormone concentrations with increasing severity of hand ROA. Conclusions Our results do not support an association between endogenous hormone levels and severity of hand ROA.
Postoperative intermittent positive-pressure breathing treatments. Physiological considerations.

Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) is an accepted aspect of the postoperative care of patients having thoracic surgery. Analysis of the physiology of normal respiration and IPPB demonstrated no difference between an IPPB breath and a normal breath of the same tital volume with respect to alveolar expansion. Clinical studies revealed that, although IPPB increased the depth of respiration, verbal encouragement of the patients to breathe deeply was just as effective. The best results were obtained with incentive spirometry, a less costly and more convenient technique than IPPB.
Penile Plexiform Neurofibroma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract We report a rare case of a solitary plexiform neurofibroma of the penis. The patient had no other manifestations of von Recklinghausen’s disease. The literature pertaining to neurofibroma of the penis is reviewed.
THE CELL-TO-CELL MEMBRANE CHANNEL IN DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH

Abstract: The hypothesis that the channels in permeable cell junctions are conduits for the cell-to-cell transmission of growth controlling molecules predicts that tissue cells of normal growth (growth-control competent) be capable of cell-cell transmission (channel-competent), and that channel-incompetent dividing tissue cells be growth-control incompetent. A survey of cells of normally growing organs and tissues and of deviant incompetent cells bears this prediction out. Fusion of channel-competent human cells with channel-incompetent mouse cells produces channel-competent and growth-control competent hybrids so long as they have the sufficient chromosome complement of the human parent cell. Upon loss of human chromosomes, in particular chromosome No. 11, the hybrids switch to channel incompetence and growth control incompetence. Channel competence and growth control competence behave as genetically insegregable traits, as does the pair of the opposite phenotype.