cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Exact Test for Multiple Inequality and Equality Constraints in the Linear Regression Model

Abstract In this article we consider the linear regression model y = Xβ + e, where e is N(0, σ2I). In this context we derive exact tests of the form H: Rβ ≥ r versus K: β ∈ RK for the case in which θ2 is unknown. We extend these results to consider hypothesis tests of the form H: R1β ≥ r1 and R2β = r2 versus K: (β ∈ RK . For each of these hypotheses tests we derive several equivalent forms of the test statistics using the duality theory of the quadratic programming. For both tests we derive their exact distribution as a weighted sum of Snedecor's F distributions normalized by the numerator degrees of freedom of each F distribution of the sum. A methodology for computing critical values as well as probability values for the tests is discussed. The relationship between this testing framework and the multivariate one-sided hypothesis testing literature is also discussed. In this context we show that for any size of the hypothesis test H: λ = 0 versus K: β ∈ RK the test statistic and critical value obtained a...
A solution for three-dimensional vortex flows with strong circulation

The Navier-Stokes equations for a viscous, incompressible fluid are considered for a steady, axisymmetric flow composed of a strong rotation combined with radial sink flow which exhausts axially inside a finite radius. The equations are reduced to two coupled partial differential equations in terms of the stream function and circulation. The equations contain three dimensionless parameters: the radial Reynolds number, a characteristic ratio of mass flow per unit lenght to circulation, and a characteristic ratio of an axial dimension to a radial dimension. The product of these last two dimensionless parameters is used as a new expansion parameter for generating an asymptotic series solution. To zeroth order in this parameter, the solution for the stream function is a linear distribution between two axial boundary values. First-order correction terms are calculated for a specific example.In discussing these equations the limitations of the exact solutions due to Donaldson & Sullivan (1960) and Long (1961) are noted. These exact solutions are contrasted with the approximate treatment of this type of vortex originated by Einstein & Li (1951) and generalized by Deissler & Perlmutter (1958).
The MMPI profiles of narcotics addicts. II. Ethnic and criminal history effects.

Data from 240 male heroin addicts admitted to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) were analyzed to determine if incarceration before or after first narcotics use — a behavioral marker termed “sequence” - was significantly related to MMPI profile scores. Furthermore, this relationship was examined separately for Anglos and Chicanos. Results indicate that those Anglo addicts who had been incarcerated before they first used narcotics had significantly elevated scores for Paranoia (Pa) and Schizophrenia (Sc), two scales of the psychotic triad. A significant sequence-by-ethnicity interaction was found, in which the sequence effect was not manifested in Chicano addicts.
The Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Gene all2874 Encodes a Diguanylate Cyclase and Is Required for Normal Heterocyst Development under High-Light Growth Conditions

The genome of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 harbors 14 genes containing a GGDEF diguanylate cyclase domain. We found that inactivation of one of these genes, all2874, caused abnormal heterocyst development. The all2874 mutant showed a pronounced reduction in heterocyst frequency during diazotrophic growth and reduced vegetative cell size compared to the wild type. The severity of the mutant phenotype varied with light intensity; at high light intensity, the mutant phenotype was accentuated, whereas at low light intensity the phenotype was similar to wild type. Under high-light growth conditions, the initial heterocyst frequency and pattern for the all2874 mutant were normal, but within 4 days following nitrogen step-down, many intervals between heterocysts increased to as many as 200 vegetative cells, whereas in the wild type the intervals were less than 25 vegetative cells. Filaments containing these unusually long vegetative cell intervals between heterocysts also contained intervals of normal length. An all2874 mutant strain carrying a P(patS)-gfp transcriptional reporter fusion failed to show normal upregulation of the reporter, which indicates that the decrease in heterocyst frequency is due to an early block in differentiation before induction of the patS gene, which in the wild type takes place 8 h after nitrogen step-down. Genetic epistasis experiments suggest that All2874 acts upstream of the master regulator HetR in differentiating cells. We also showed that purified All2874 functions as a diguanylate cyclase in vitro. We hypothesize that All2874 is required for the normal regulation of heterocyst frequency under high-light growth conditions.
Firefly courtship : Behavioral and morphological predictors of male mating success in Photinus greeni

Differences in male mating success can generate selection on male morphological traits and courtship behaviors involved in male–male competition or female mate choice. In Photinus fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), courtship is based on bioluminescent flash signals produced by both sexes. We conducted field observations of Photinus greeni fireflies engaged in competitive courtships, in which females are able to simultaneously assess several males, to identify male morphological traits and courtship behaviors that might predict male mating success. Male morphological traits did not differ between males that successfully mated compared with unsuccessful males (dialoging males that did not mate). However, courtship behavioral interactions differed: successful males tended to have higher flash pattern rates (number of flash patterns per minute), and their courtship flashes were more likely to be answered by females. We also examined how the risk of predation by Photuris fireflies altered courtship behavior of their Photinus prey. When predatory Photuris fireflies were present, P. greeni females were less likely to mate, and showed decreased flash responses to most males. However, P. greeni males that did successfully mate in spite of Photuris presence were males that maintained high flash pattern rates that elicited female responses. These results suggest that both female mate choice and Photuris predation exert strong selective pressures on the evolution of courtship signals in Photinus fireflies.
The ultrastructure of smooth cardiac muscle in the clam, Venus mercenaria

A fine structural study of the ventricular muscle of Venus mercenaria has revealed that it is an invertebrate smooth muscle. In the relaxed state induced by acetylcholine, both thick (350 A) and thin (80 A) myofilaments are observed. These are loosely distributed in bundles in the periphery of the mononucleated myocytes. The central core of the cell contains an ovoid nucleus, α-glycogen rosettes, round mitochondria and numerous smooth surfaced vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum. After exposure to serotonin, all myofilaments are compacted in the peripheral cytoplasm and become oriented parallel to the longitudinal cellular axis. This produces contraction bands visible in phase contrast microscopy. Because these myofilaments attach to the cell membrane at sites of attachment plaques, contraction of the cell results in the serial evagination or blebbing of the cell surface. The above features are clearly demonstrable in this invertebrate smooth muscle and strongly suggest a sliding filament model as the contractile mechanism in this tissue. Moreover, the cell surface is thought to play an active and major role in that process.
Integrated rapid-diagnostic-test reader platform on a cellphone.

We demonstrate a cellphone-based rapid-diagnostic-test (RDT) reader platform that can work with various lateral flow immuno-chromatographic assays and similar tests to sense the presence of a target analyte in a sample. This compact and cost-effective digital RDT reader, weighing only ∼65 g, mechanically attaches to the existing camera unit of a cellphone, where various types of RDTs can be inserted to be imaged in reflection or transmission modes under light-emitting diode (LED)-based illumination. Captured raw images of these tests are then digitally processed (within less than 0.2 s per image) through a smart application running on the cellphone for validation of the RDT, as well as for automated reading of its diagnostic result. The same smart application then transmits the resulting data, together with the RDT images and other related information (e.g., demographic data), to a central server, which presents the diagnostic results on a world map through geo-tagging. This dynamic spatio-temporal map of various RDT results can then be viewed and shared using internet browsers or through the same cellphone application. We tested this platform using malaria, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV RDTs by installing it on both Android-based smartphones and an iPhone. Providing real-time spatio-temporal statistics for the prevalence of various infectious diseases, this smart RDT reader platform running on cellphones might assist healthcare professionals and policymakers to track emerging epidemics worldwide and help epidemic preparedness.
Feedback synthesis for two-time-scale nonlinear systems with uncertainty

This paper deals with the synthesis of continuous state feedback laws for a class of uncertain two-time-scale systems to induce a prespecified input/output response in the nominal system, achieve arbitrary degree of asymptotic attenuation of the effect of uncertainty on the output and guarantee boundedness of the trajectories of the closed-loop system. >
Ultrafast fiber lasers based on self-similar pulse evolution: A review of current progress

Self-similar fiber oscillators are a relatively new class of mode-locked lasers. In these lasers, the self-similar evolution of a chirped parabolic pulse in normally-dispersive passive, active, or dispersion-decreasing fiber (DDF) is critical. In active (gain) fiber and DDF, the novel role of local nonlinear attraction makes the oscillators fundamentally different from any mode-locked lasers considered previously. In order to reconcile the spectral and temporal expansion of a pulse in the self-similar segment with the self-consistency required by a laser cavity's periodic boundary condition, several techniques have been applied. The result is a diverse range of fiber oscillators which demonstrate the exciting new design possibilities based on the self-similar model. Here, we review recent progress on self-similar oscillators both in passive and active fiber, and extensions of self-similar evolution for surpassing the limits of rare-earth gain media. We discuss some key remaining research questions and important future directions. Self-similar oscillators are capable of exceptional performance among ultrashort pulsed fiber lasers, and may be of key interest in the development of future ultrashort pulsed fiber lasers for medical imaging applications, as well as for low-noise fiber-based frequency combs. Their uniqueness among mode-locked lasers motivates study into their properties and behaviors and raises questions about how to understand mode-locked lasers more generally.
Population Dynamics of Frankliniella spp. and Tomato Spotted Wilt Incidence as Influenced by Cultural Management Tactics in Tomato

We investigated the effects of ultraviolet (UV)-reflective mulch and two rates of nitrogen fertilization on populations of Frankliniella spp. thrips and on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt in field-grown tomato in northern Florida. The higher of the two soil nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly increased populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), whereas mulch reflectance significantly decreased populations of F. occidentalis. Populations of Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) were decreased only by UV-reflective mulch. Decreased thrips populations in UV-reflective mulch plots were probably due to disruptions in host-finding behavior. Increased thrips populations in tomatoes treated with the higher nitrogen fertilization rate were probably due in part to increased nutrients available in flowers. Incidence of tomato spotted wilt was significantly decreased in tomatoes grown on UV-reflective mulch, whereas disease incidence was significantly greater in increased nitrogen-fertilized plots. This research reveals that cultural practices resulted in up to 45% reduction in the numbers of vector and nonvector species of flower thrips and up to 50% reduction in tomato spotted wilt.
Fluid Selection by Rats during Schedule-Induced Polydipsia

Food-deprived rats were offered an alcohol solution, butanediol and acetone under conditions of schedule-induced polydipsia. They drank more alcohol and butanediol than acetone, suggesting that the...
Factors related to ostomy leakage in the community setting.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe demographic and clinical variables related to ostomy pouch leakage from those discharged from a major medical center during a 2-year period. Subjects and settings A convenience sample of 198 persons with an ostomy was obtained using the ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) codes for colostomy, ileostomy, and ileal conduit for patients who were discharged from the medical center within the time frame of July 2009 to July 2011. One hundred seven participants (55%) returned a completed survey. Respondents included 57 men (53%) and 50 women (47%). The mean age was 60 years with age range from 23 to 91 years. Fecal ostomies made up the majority of the stomas representing 71 patients (66%). Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used to describe clinical variables related to ostomy pouch leakage for those discharged from a major academic medical center over a 2-year period of time. Participants were mailed an introductory letter from the principal investigator, a self-administered questionnaire, and a prepaid return envelope. Results Ninety-three patients (87%) reported leakage; however, 48 patients (45%) stated that they did not leak often. A logistic regression was estimated to determine which variables were significant predictors of the dependent variable of leaking status (no/seldom leaking vs more frequent leaking). Two variables were individually significant predictors, sex (P = .021) and 2-piece pouch (P = .015). Women were 4 times more likely to be in the more frequent leaking group than were men. Those who were wearing 2-piece pouches were 78% less likely to be in the more frequent leaking group. Participants with ileostomies or urostomies were more likely to be in the more frequent leaking group and those with peristomal skin irritation were more likely to be in the more frequent leaking group. Conclusion Findings from this study reveal that women were more likely to experience leakage than men and that wearing a 2-piece pouch was associated with no leakage or seldom leakage group. Additional studies looking at specific characteristics of patients with ostomy leakage are needed to validate these results.
A c-mu Rule for Two-Tiered Parallel Servers

The cμ rule is known to be optimal in many queueing systems with memoryless service and inter-arrival times. We establish a cμ rule for a parallel flexible server system with two tiers. Multiple job classes arrive and wait in separate queues. The first tier contains classes that can only be served by one server each, and the second tier contains a class that can be served by all servers. The cμ preferences give priority to the first tier. Sequencing decisions are made to minimize linear holding costs.
Determination of arsenic release from aluminum-wares for food use by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spect ro-photometry

Objective: To establish a method for determination of arsenic release from aluminum-wares for food use by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry(HG-AFS).Methods: The arsenic in the samples was soaked with 4% acetic acid and determined by HG-AFS,and the analytical conditions:negative high voltage 260 V;lamp current 60 mA;atomizer temperature 200℃,atomizer height 8mm;carrier gas flow rate 400 ml/min;shielding gas flow 1000 ml/min).Results: Liner range of the method was 0 ng/ml~10 ng/ml with r=0.999.The detection limit was 9.6×10-5 mg/L and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 89.0%~103.3% with the relative standard deviation(RSD)4%.Conclusion: This method is simple,sensitive and accurate and it is very suitable for determination of arsenic release from aluminum-wares for food use.
Estimating Loss Amount of Biogas Diffusion and Its Research Significance in Binbei Region,Heilongjiang Province

Based on the analysis of development and distribution characteristics of biogas sourcerock in Binbei region,Heilongjiang Province,this paper establishes a method for estimating biogas diffusion loss amount through establishing the geological and mathematical model of biogas diffusion loss amount and determining main calculation parameters.Using the method,this paper calculates the biogas diffusion loss amount of each biogas sourcerock in Binbei region.The result indicates that the total biogas diffusion loss amount in Binbei region is about 24.59×10~(12) m~3,20.89% of total biogas generation amount.This indicates that diffusion is the important cause of biogas loss in Binbei region.According to gas dynamic balance principle,the biogas sourcerocks of the first,second and third member of Qingshankou Formation,the first and second member of Nenjiang Formation and the first member of Mingshui Formation are the most favorable biogas sourcerocks for biogas to accumulate.The biogas sourcerocks of the second and third member of Yaojia Formation,the third member of Nenjiang Formation and the second member of Mingshui Formation are more favorable biogas sourcerocks for biogas to accumulate.
Depression after acute myocardial infarction: The role of primary care physicians in rehabilitation

Depression is a common problem after myocardial infarction. Diagnosis is facilitated by use of the criteria for depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and self-rating questionnaires. Treatment may involve both psychological and pharmacologic interventions. The patient's medical status must be carefully assessed before administration of antidepressant medication. All antidepressants are contraindicated immediately after myocardial infarction. When signs and symptoms of depression are exhibited early in the recovery phase, alprazolam (Xanax) may offer advantages over more traditional antidepressants. Further research is necessary to determine the safety of newer antidepressants.
Effects of Light Regimes on the Growth of Cherrybark Oak Seedlings

Light regimes vary significantly within small forest openings, rangingfrom full sunlight to total shade, and they may affect the establishment and early growth of oak seedlings. We designed modified shadehouses to simulate the complex light conditions within forest openings and tested the effects of daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), time of direct light exposure, and the ratio of direct light to day length (direct-sunlight ratio) on height, diameter, and periodic growth of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings through 2 yr. Five treatments representing the time of exposure todirect sunlightwerecreated: NO, NOON, MORNING, AFTERNOON, and FULL. Treatments significantly affected both the height and root-collar diameter of seedlings, especially during the second growing season. The direct-sunlight ratio was linearly related to periodic height growth forthe NOON treatment but not related to height growth for the other treatments. However, periodic height growth in the AFTERNOON and FULL treatments was highly correlated to mean daily PAR. Maximum periodic height growth occurred at moderate daily PAR levels. This research showed that light conditionsfor maximum growth of cherrybark oak seedlings change through time, with adequate shading being most favorable during the early stages of establishment. FOR. SCI. 47(2):270-277.
Recent Progress in the Topology, Structure, and Oligomerization of Caveolin: A Building Block of Caveolae

Caveolae are cholesterol-rich plasma membrane invaginations that are found in a plethora of cell types. They play many roles including signal transduction, endocytosis, and mechanoprotection. The most critical protein in caveolae is the integral membrane protein, caveolin, which has been shown to be necessary for caveolae formation, and governs the major functions attributed to caveolae. Caveolin is postulated to act as a scaffold in the high molecular weight striated coat that surrounds the caveolar bulb, stabilizing it. Caveolin interacts, both directly and indirectly, with a large number of signaling molecules, and presides over the endocytosis of molecular cargo by caveolae. However, many of the key biophysical aspects of the caveolin protein, its structure, topology, and oligomeric behavior, are just beginning to come to light. Herein is an up-to-date summary and critique of the progress that has been made in understanding caveolin on a molecular and atomic level.
A revised approach to the energy-water nexus using place-work-folk and energy balance theories of Patrick Geddes

Abstract The use of energy to transport, treat, pump, convey, cool, and heat water and the parallel use of water to extract, refine, and use energy is a relationship known as the energy-water nexus. Not only is this relationship growing in importance as population growth and increasing living standards strain both resources, but it also becomes more problematic as energy production moves towards more water intensive practices and water requires increasing more energy to use. Despite a growing awareness of this connection a lack of understanding exists across stakeholders in both fields and a significant need exists for better cross-coordination and planning. Over a century ago urban planner, Sir Patrick Geddes, provided ideas about environmental and civic planning that if employed may improve the mutual constraints between energy and water. Specifically, Geddes’ development of 1) the integrated concept of “place-work-folk” described below, and 2) his suggestion for ranking and promoting societal activities based on their dual importance to society and impact on nature, provide a balanced approach to the energy-water nexus. Representative of his holistic thinking, both ideas recognize the mutual dependence between people and their environment as a relationship necessary for life enhancement and survival of both. This analysis employs a historical review of Geddes’ theories with logical argumentation to illustrate the modern applicability of his planning concepts to just one area of sustainable development with the intent that their potential utility to other domains will become more apparent.
Non-IgE-mediated Adverse Food Reactions.

The purpose of this review is to update what is currently known about the major non-IgE-mediated food allergies: food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), and food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE). These conditions are similar in that symptoms are regulated to the gastrointestinal tract; therefore understanding their specific features is important for diagnosis and management. The most progress has been made in understanding FPIES with several recent large cohorts being described. The first international consensus guidelines for FPIES were published in 2017 and propose specific diagnostic criteria for acute FPIES as well as guidance for diagnosing chronic FPIES. Recent studies in FPIAP have challenged our thinking about the recommended duration of food avoidance and that cow’s milk avoidance is the primary management with reports of self-resolution without dietary management. FPE continues to appear to be on the decline. FPIES, FPIAP, and FPE are distinguished from one another by their main clinical features: delayed repetitive vomiting in FPIES, benign blood in stool in FPIAP, and chronic diarrhea in FPE. Due to the risk of nutritional deficiencies with food avoidance in both infant and maternal diets if breastfeeding, confirmation of diagnosis with challenges is encouraged. Additional studies are needed for these conditions to elucidate pathophysiology, search for diagnostic markers, and understand natural history.
Genetic and Genomic Approaches for Delineating the Pathway of Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate Coenzyme Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) biosynthesis has been studied extensively inEscherichia coliK-12 by a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, and theE. colipathway serves as a benchmark for understanding PLP biosynthesis in other organisms. The goal of this brief review is to highlight some of the genomic and genetic approaches that have contributed to delineating thede novoand salvage pathways of PLP biosynthesis inE. coli.Classical genetic approaches provided the initialpdxmutants, and the combination of genomics and genetics has helped to elucidate the functions and redundancy of enzymes involved in PLP biosynthesis. Genetic approaches have also verified intermediates in the PLP biosynthetic pathway in bacterial cells.
Beyond mind–body dualism: embracing pluralism in psychiatric research — introduction to the special issue, “Psychiatry and Its Philosophy”

The special issue, “Psychiatry and Its Philosophy,” focuses on addressing the mindbrain dualism and connected problems in the clinical and scientific contexts of psychiatry. Authors in this special issue address the theoretical disagreements that are manifest in the clinical and scientific goals of psychiatry and explore the possibility of reconciling the claim that research on psychopathology needs to be scientific with the claim that it needs to address the needs of patients in the clinic. Our approach is forward looking and concerned with drawing on ideas and methods from the philosophy of science (including philosophy of cognitive science and neuroscience) and philosophy of mind to promote pluralism in psychiatry.
Self-Discrepancy Across the Life Span

This study examined the developmental trajectory of self-discrepancies in adulthood and the role of self-discrepancies in the maintenance of psychological well-being. One hundred fourteen adults completed mailed surveys that assessed physical health, actual self and ideal self, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and self-discrepancy. Examination of age differences in actual self and ideal self assessments showed that ideal self ratings converged with actual self ratings for older adults but were significantly different for young and middle-aged adults, which indicated a decline in self-discrepancy with age. Mean scores on the self-discrepancy scale indicated less self-discrepancy in old age, but the differences were not significant. Self-discrepancy mediated the effects of health problems on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance. Results support life-span theory suggesting that self-discrepancy declines in old age and that this decline is positively related to psychological well-being.
Differential Effects of Ultraviolet A and Ultraviolet B Radiation on Risk of Melanoma: Epidemiological Evidence

Exposure to solar radiation is thought to influence the risk of melanoma, however the action spectrum that is most important in induction of melanoma is not well understood. Mortality rates from melanoma are highest in the southeastern U.S., where solar radiation levels are higher than in the northeastern U.S. Paradoxically, mortality rates are relatively low in the area of the U.S. with the highest level of solar radiation, the southwest. Regional differences in skin pigmentation among Caucasians may play a role in this geographical pattern. Mortality rates are markedly lower in Asians and Blacks than in Caucasians. This analysis is primarily concerned with variations in melanoma rates among Caucasian populations, although data on other ethnic or racial groups were included to the extent available.
Correlated joint rotations in the medial foot and the definition of plantarflexion-dorsiflexion

Background Every foot muscle crosses and acts upon multiple joints. The close association of foot bones and their supportive ligaments creates several closed kinematic chains. The movement of one bone necessitates the movement of several others. Terms that describe foot motion do not seem to account for these correlated motions. This presentation shows that “plantarflexion-dorsiflexion” necessitates, and therefore implies, more than just a rotation at the talocrural joint.
Senescent phenotype of tumor-associated endothelial cells

1047 Blood vessels in solid tumors are structurally and functionally aberrant compared to vessels in normal tissue. To elucidate the nature of these abnormal features, we examined endothelial cells derived from human glioblastoma tumors. Our results provide the first demonstration that tumor-derived brain endothelial cells (TuBEC) have properties of senescent cells. Primary cultures of TuBEC exhibit senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, and increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, compared to normal brain endothelial cells (BEC). In addition, glioblastoma tissue sections expressed senescence-associated β-galactosidase, in contrast to normal brain tissue which was negative. TuBEC also demonstrate decreased expression of cyclin A and increased expression of cyclin D1 and the tumor suppressor protein p53. In addition, TuBEC demonstrate resistance to cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs currently used for glioblastoma treatment, and increased production of growth factors, such as PDGF. Furthermore, long-term culture of BEC in glioma cell conditioned media induced the appearance of β-galactosidase positive cells in the BEC population. These findings propose a novel aspect of tumor-endothelial cell interaction, whereby tumors not only stimulate angiogenesis, but also induce endothelial cells to become senescent. Thus, these results suggest that anti-angiogenic therapies need to target the unique tumor-associated endothelial cells population as well as the actively proliferating vasculature.
Exploiting the Dynamic Relationship between Peptide Separation Quality and Peptide Coisolation in a Multiple-Peptide Matches-per-Spectrum Approach Offers a Strategy To Optimize Bottom-Up Proteomics Throughput and Depth.

Peptide cofragmentation leads to chimeric MS/MS spectra that negatively impact traditional single-peptide match-per-spectrum (sPSM) search strategies in proteomics. The collection of chimeric spect...
Mesenchymal stem cells for hemorrhagic stroke: status of preclinical and clinical research

Significant progress has been made during the past few decades in stem cell therapy research for various diseases and injury states; however this has not been overwhelmingly translated into approved therapies, despite much public attention and the rise in unregulated ‘regenerative clinics’. In the last decade, preclinical research focusing on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy in experimental animal models of hemorrhagic stroke has gained momentum and has led to the development of a small number of human trials. Here we review the current studies focusing on MSC therapy for hemorrhagic stroke in an effort to summarize the status of preclinical and clinical research. Preliminary evidence indicates that MSCs are both safe and tolerable in patients, however future randomized controlled trials are required to translate the promising preclinical research into an effective therapy for hopeful patients.
Potentialities as properties

In Potentiality: From Dispositions to Modality, Barbara Vetter attempts to ground modality in properties that she calls “potentialities”. Whether potentialities are up to this task depends on what properties are. However, major accounts of the metaphysics of properties, such as Class Nominalism, Trope Theory, Immanent Realism, Platonism, are incompatible with Vetter’s claims about potentialities. Nevertheless, a modified account of potentialities might be compatible with Immanent Realism or Trope Nominalism.
Field research to application: a study of human response to the 2011, Joplin tornado and its impact on alerts and warnings in the USA

An EF-5 tornado occurred on May 22, 2011, in the populated area of Joplin, Missouri, causing 161 fatalities and over 1000 injuries. A conceptual model of protective action decision making was developed based on interviews with Joplin tornado survivors to further understand the factors that influenced decision making and sheltering behavior in the 2011 storm. The model showed that the majority of survivors decided at some point before the tornado hit that the act of seeking protection was not necessary, primarily due to a lack of tornado-related physical cues; previous experiences with tornadoes via false alarms; confusing and/or inconsistent emergency communication regarding the tornado; and/or tornado beliefs about Joplin’s geography. These individuals took action to protect themselves after witnessing audible or visual cues signaling imminent danger to them. Since this work was completed, efforts have been underway to translate this research from theory to practice. Namely, the findings from this work have been developed into guidance for communities on alerting for tornadoes, including the development of message templates and decision-making tools to improve methods for communicating with populations under imminent threat of tornadoes and other wind storm events.
The effects of the Medicare NCS reimbursement policy: Utilization, payments, and patient access

Objective To determine whether the 2013 nerve conduction study (NCS) reimbursement reduction changed Medicare use, payments, and patient access to Medicare physicians by performing a retrospective analysis of Medicare data (2012–2016 fee-for-service data from the CMS Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File). Methods Individual billable services were identified by Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System Current Procedural Terminology and G codes. Medicare use and payments were stratified by specialty and type of service (electrodiagnostic tests, including NCS and EMG, and other neurologic procedures). We also assessed access to Medicare physicians using the annual number of unique beneficiaries receiving initial Evaluation and Management (E/M) services. Results We identified 676,113 Medicare providers included in all analysis years from 2012 to 2016 (10,599 neurologists, 5,881 physiatrists, and 659,633 other specialties). Comparing 2016 to 2012 showed that 21.1% fewer neurologists, 28.6% fewer physiatrists, and 69.3% fewer other specialists performed NCS and 3.8% fewer neurologists, 21.7% fewer physiatrists, and 5.6% fewer other specialists performed EMG. For NCS providers in 2012, the mean number of unique Medicare beneficiaries increased for neurologists (1.2%) and physiatrists (4.8%) but decreased for other specialists (−6.5%) by 2016. After the NCS cut, the number of providers performing autonomic and evoked potential testing increased substantially. Conclusions The Medicare NCS reimbursement policy resulted in a larger decrease in NCS providers than in EMG providers. Despite fewer neurologists and physiatrists performing NCS, Medicare access to these physicians for E/M services was not affected. Increased autonomic and evoked potential testing may be an unintended consequence of NCS reimbursement change.
HFNet: Forecasting Real-Time Electricity Price via Novel GRU Architectures

Electricity price forecasting is critical to numerous tasks in the power system such as strategic bidding, generation scheduling, optimal scheduling of storage reserves and system analysis. Most existing price forecasting models focus on hourly prediction for the day ahead market. This work focuses on the real-time, 5-minute market, with the goal of developing a model able to capture both the long- and short-term temporal distribution of the data. Extending the recent advances in deep learning models of time series forecasting, the proposed model - named HFnet - is a novel multi-branch Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) architecture for electricity price forecasting. Extensive empirical analyses using real-time data from the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) illustrate the value of the proposed model when compared to state-of-art prediction models, with an average reduction in error of 10%.
Reconstruction of the Anterior External Auditory Canal With Mastoid Cortex Autologous Bone Graft.

Objective To describe the surgical management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) herniation with external auditory canal (EAC) reconstruction using autologous bone grafting from the mastoid cortex. Study design Retrospective case series. Setting A tertiary university medical center. Patients Three patients who presented to our Otolaryngology clinic with evidence of TMJ herniation through an anterior EAC defect, both on otoscopy and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Interventions Reconstruction of the anterior EAC with mastoid cortex bone grafting using an endaural approach. Main outcome measures Successful reconstruction of anterior EAC bony defect without recurrence of herniation. Results All three patients presented with otalgia, hearing loss, and either tinnitus or a clicking sensation with jaw movement. Etiologies for TMJ herniation included osteoradionecrosis following external beam radiation therapy for head and neck carcinoma and iatrogenic injury following multiple tympanoplasties and canalplasties. A mastoid cortex bone graft was placed and secured anterior to the bony EAC defect through an endaural approach. Two patients wore a dental retainer postoperatively to keep the condyle in an open position. After reconstruction, patients reported an improvement in their presenting symptoms. There was no recurrence of TMJ herniation in all cases after 1, 4, and 9 years. Conclusions Anterior EAC reconstruction with autologous bone grafting can be an effective definitive treatment in TMJ herniation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of bone grafting to reconstruct the canal defect in TMJ herniation.Level of Evidence: V.
Intimate Partner Violence in Iran

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is identified as a human rights abuse which happens everywhere regardless of the society and culture. Despite the high prevalence of IPV in Iran, there is no official social, legal, or financial support for women who are in violent marriages. Although IPV has been neglected in laws, social resources, and even among scholars for a long time, during the last 10 years, more and more research has been conducted to address the prevalence and risk factors related to IPV. In 2015, a group of lawyers and women’s rights advocates drafted a bill seeking to prevent IPV and protect women against violence, which included the criminalization of all types of violence against women, the emphasis on the need for shelters, and the investigation of violence against women as a public issue and not a family issue. Although, this law faces oppositions and barriers, recently the government has provided some shelters for women to keep them safe and give them psychological services. Despite the fact that the progress is very slow, extensive movements by various groups and women’s rights activists are under way.
Lung function trajectory in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease

Proposed criteria for progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) have been linked to increased mortality risk, but lung function trajectory after satisfying individual criterion remains unknown. Because survival is rarely employed as the primary endpoint in therapeutic trials, identifying PF-ILD criteria that best predict subsequent change in forced vital capacity (FVC) could improve clinical trial design. A retrospective, multi-center longitudinal cohort analysis was performed in consecutive patients with fibrotic connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia at three US centers (test cohort) and one UK center (validation cohort). One-year change in FVC after satisfying proposed PF-ILD criteria was estimated using joint modeling. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine whether results varied across key subgroups. One thousand two hundred twenty-seven patients were included, with CTD-ILD predominating. Six of nine PF-ILD criteria were associated with differential one-year change in FVC, with radiologic progression of fibrosis, alone and in combination with other features, associated with the largest subsequent decline in FVC. Findings varied significantly by ILD subtype, with CTD-ILD demonstrating little change in FVC after satisfying most PF-ILD criteria, while other ILDs showed significantly larger changes. Findings did not vary after stratification by radiologic pattern or exposure to immunosuppressant therapy. Near-term change in FVC after satisfying proposed PF-ILD criteria was heterogeneous depending on the criterion assessed and was strongly influenced by ILD subtype. These findings may inform future clinical trial design and suggest ILD subtype should be taken into consideration when applying PF-ILD criteria.
A Response to Clayton Crockett and Jeffrey Robbins, Religion, Politics and the Earth: The New Materialism1

Crockett's and Robbins' significant and groundbreaking book falls short of a genuinely liberating future, one that can put in place alternative social and institutional forms to sustain a comprehensive freedom from structural domination. This major claim is sustained by tracing four deficiencies in the book: (a) its sanguine trust to a developmentalist sensibility that underestimates political antagonism; (b) another neglect of political antagonism in its trust to transformative powers of a “multitude” and its cooperative activity, (c) its failure to build social and political formation into its theory of emergent complexity, and (4) its failure in reflexivity, to interrogate the “we” discourse that proliferates in authors' senses of crisis and calls for transformation.
Effects of Temperature and Kelthane on Grass Shrimp

Proportional continuous-flow bioassay tests were used to determine the effects of temperature and Kelthane (organochlorine) on grass shrimp \ICrangon\N survival for exposure periods of 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr under laboratory conditions. All specimens were collected from San Pablo Bay, California. Both elevated temperature and Kelthane concentration had a significant inverse effect on \ICrangon\N survival, and the responses to an increase in temperature and Kelthane concentration were strongly interdependent. As temperature increased, the Kelthane concentration lethal to a given percentage of shrimp decreased, and, conversely, as Kelthane concentration increased, the temperature lethal to a certain percentage of population decreased. The results are in general agreement with values reported for other aquatic animals. Sublethal effects of Kelthane on \ICrangon\N were also observed. Feeding, molting, and motor control were affected by Kelthane.
Dirac's Monopole Without Strings: Classical Lagrangian Theory

The non-quantum-mechanical interaction of a Dirac magnetic monopole and a point charge through the electromagnetic field is studied. A classical action integral which is multiple-valued is found. Stability of this action integral against variations of the world lines of the point charge and the monopole, and against variations of the electromagnetic potentials, yields the correct Lorentz equations of motion of the particles and the Maxwell equations for the field. No strings are introduced in the formalism. (AIP)
Hacia un Marco Conceptual para las TIC para El Desarrollo: Lecciones Aprendidas del “Cubo” Latinoamericano (Español)

Desde hace mucho tiempo, la comunidad de las TIC para el desarrollo ha estado en la busqueda de marcos conceptuales integrales y adecuados. En 2003, la Comision Economica para America Latina y el Caribe de las Naciones Unidas (CEPAL) propuso un marco conceptual tridimensional que modela la transicion hacia sociedades de la informacion como la interrelacion entre tecnologia, politicas y cambio social, lo cual encuentra sus raices teoricas en la teoria de la innovacion de Schumpeter. Este llamado “cubo” ha sido adoptado en diversas ocasiones en toda la region a niveles local, nacional e internacional. Ha sido utilizado en todas las etapas del ciclo de politicas a fin de identificar areas y prioridades de investigacion y de desarrollo de politicas practicas (planeamiento), para coordinar a actores y partes interesadas (ejecucion) y para monitorear el avance hacia sociedades de la informacion (evaluacion). El presente articulo presenta el marco y sus particularidades, analiza algunas de las diversas aplicaciones que ha encontrado en los ultimos anos, brinda sugerencias concretas acerca de como podrian utilizarse en el futuro y estudia sus fortalezas y limitaciones. El cubo no es un modelo dinamico que puede hacer predicciones, pero resulta util como marco conceptual; puede utilizarse para estructurar la comunmente confusa discusion acerca de lo que implica la transformacion social del momento.
Clean Streets — Clean Waterways: Street Sweeping, Storm-Water Runoff, and Pollution Reduction

The sentiments expressed by Dr. King in reference to street sweepers are pertinent to the geographer and geographical research in several ways. Like Michelangelo, Beethoven, and Shakespeare, the street sweeper plays an important role in our urban setting. Human health, environmental quality, and pollution control, for example, are all inextricably linked to street sweeping. In essence, the street sweeper holds a critical key to the sustainability of urban society. Here then is the science of street sweeping, for the cleaning of the urban environment is directly related to the quality of life. If litter and wastes are not removed from the roads, then there is a danger that they will enter the storm water system where they will eventually co-mingle with surface water bodies. Without such street cleaning, natural water bodies are susceptible to contamination from many pollutants generated by human activities. Such issues do not end there, for the street sweeping process itself spawns yet another concern, namely how to manage the tons of sediment that are collected daily. Two broad issues, therefore, need to be addressed, storm water quality and waste management.
How to prepare author-produced copy for JGr papers

We would like to share with other AGU members instructions that we have “successfully” used in preparing about 10 manuscripts for the Journal of Geophysical Research with a Macintosh computer and Microsoft Word 4. We take no responsibility for the accuracy of these instructions and would appreciate any improvements that other users might suggest. An easy way to make author-produced copy for JGR is to use 12 point Times Roman type and reduce the final version on the LaserWriter when you print it. This saves your eyes on the Mac and also means that you do not have to change any of the Greek letters, etc., to another size, which can be a real pain. (Subscript sizing can also be difficult.) You can also proofread at an unreduced scale, which is easier than proofing small type. If you are clever about how you initially set your equations, they will not need to be changed at all for final copy.