cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: Saint John's Abbey Church: Marcel Breuer and the Creation of a Modern Sacred Space, by Victoria M. Young

Victoria M. Young Saint John's Abbey Church: Marcel Breuer and the Creation of a Modern Sacred Space Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014, 216 pp., 17 color and 80 b/w illus. $34.95, ISBN 9780816676163 Marcel Breuer's Saint John's Abbey Church in Collegeville, Minnesota, is one of the few churches in the United States to have merited a previous monograph—Whitney Stoddard's Adventure in Architecture: Building the New St. John's , written several years before the church's dedication in 1961.1 That Stoddard, a medievalist, was so fascinated with this decidedly modernist landmark suggests much about the building's positioning at the time. Victoria M. Young's study of the church's history and its design now helps us to understand fully why it was so important to its contemporaries. Her own long relationship with the abbey (Young is a professor of architectural history at the nearby University of St. Thomas) shows in her sensitive descriptions of Breuer's clients, the monks, and her stress on the dynamic relationship between the two, which, she argues, produced a masterpiece neither could have been responsible for alone. She deftly balances architectural history and analysis with an examination of the theology and history of the liturgical movement, creating a multidimensional work that can be read with profit by religious as well as architectural historians. Young's first two chapters set Breuer's commissioning in the context of Benedictine monasticism, the twentieth-century liturgical movement, and midcentury modernist architecture. The Benedictine order, founded in the sixth century AD, has always been known for its innovative architecture and comprehensive community planning. A monastic complex includes a church, housing, spaces for recreation and prayer, and work buildings ranging from barns to schoolrooms. Saint John's is the largest Benedictine foundation in the United States, established (along …
Laboratory growth of denitrifying water column microbial consortia from deep-sea shipwrecks in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Background : Shipwrecks serve as a rich source for novel microbial populations that have largely remained undiscovered. Low temperatures, lack of sunlight, and the availability of substrates derived from the shipwreck’s hull and cargo may provide an environment in which microbes can develop unique metabolic adaptations. Methods : To test our hypothesis that shipwrecks could influence the microbial population involved in denitrification when a consortium is grown in the laboratory, we collected samples proximate to two steel shipwrecks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Then under laboratory conditions, we grew two independent denitrifying microbial consortia. Each consortium was grown by using the BART assay system and analyzed based on growth kinetics, ion chromatography and 16S amplicon sequencing. Results : Both denitrifying consortia were different from each other based on varied growth profiles, rates of nitrate utilization and 16S amplicon sequencing. Conclusions : Our observations conclude that the laboratory grown water column microbial consortia from deep-sea shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico are able to undergo aggressive denitrification.
Biomimetic hierarchical walnut kernel-like and erythrocyte-like mesoporous silica nanomaterials: Controllable synthesis and versatile applications

Abstract We developed a facile and controllable strategy to fabricate biomimetic walnut kernel-like mesoporous silica nanomaterial (WMSN) and erythrocyte-like mesoporous silica nanomaterial (EMSN). The former possesses unique multi-shell hollow structure and surface wrinkles while the latter has special multi-stack structure and bowl-shaped depression. These hierarchical materials with distinct structures can be finely tuned by changing the molar ratios of two surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The mechanism of structural formation through intermolecular interactions was revealed and validated experimentally. The promising potential applications of WMSN and EMSN in adsorption, cellular imaging, drug delivery, and cancer theranostics were further identified.
Reach-Avoid Differential Games with Targets and Obstacles Depending on Controls

The reach-avoid differential game with targets and constraints which may also depend on the control functions is studied. The set of initial points which can steer the trajectory into a target while avoiding the constraints is characterized as the 0-sublevel set of the value function of such a game. This value function is characterized as the unique viscosity solution of a nonlinear variational inequality with double obstacle.
Using predictive models to optimize Wolbachia-based strategies for vector-borne disease control.

The development of resistance to insecticides by vector arthropods, the evolution of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents by parasites and the lack of clinical cures or vaccines for many diseases has stimulated a high-profile effort to develop vector-borne disease control strategies based on release of genetically-modified mosquitoes. Because transgenic insects are likely to be less fit than their wild-type counterparts, transgenic traits must be actively driven into the population in spite of fitness costs (population replacement). Wolbachia are maternally-inherited symbionts that are associated with numerous alterations in host reproductive biology. By a variety of mechanisms, Wolbachia- infected females have a reproductive advantage relative to uninfected females, allowing infection to spread rapidly through host populations to high frequency in spite of fitness costs. In theory, Wolbachia can be exploited to drive cosdy transgenes into vector populations for disease control. Before conducting an actual release, it is important to be able to predict how released Wolbachia infections are expected to behave. While inferences can be made by observing the dynamics of naturally-occurring infections, there is no ideal way to empirically test the efficacy of a Wolbachia gene driver under field conditions prior to the first actual release. Mathematical models are a powerful way to predict the outcomes of transgenic insect releases and allow one to identify knowledge gaps, identify parameters that are critical to the success of releases, conduct risk-assessment analysis and investigate worst-case scenarios, and ultimately identify the most effective, most logistically feasible control method or methods. In this chapter, I review current and historical advances in applied models of Wolbachia spread, specifically within the context of applied population replacement strategies for vector-borne disease control.
Altered Apoptosis in AML

Apoptosis is a highly regulated, biochemically distinct cell death process that is tightly linked to cell growth and differentiation. Alterations in the ability of cells to undergo apoptosis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and resistance to currently available therapy. Factors that might contribute to apoptotic resistance in AML include increased expression of Bcl-2 and related anti-apoptotic proteins, loss of p53 function, mutation of Ras alleles (stimulating the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3k/Akt pathways) or FLT3, and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic regulator XIAP. Based on improved understanding of apoptotic pathways and their alteration in AML, three different approaches for overcoming apaptotic resistance have been proposed: (1) administering “pro-apoptotic” agents that directly inhibit anti-apoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 or XIAP; (2) using signal transduction inhibitors to modulate anti-apoptotic signaling pathways; and (3) employing cytotoxic cytolines that, in contrast to most currectly employed antileukemic agents, trigger apoptosis through the death receptor pathway. Whether any of these approaches will improve current therapy of AML remains to be determined.
Inventory of Lowland-Breeding Birds on the Alaska Peninsula

Abstract We conducted the first systematic inventory of birds in the lowlands (areas ≤100 m above sea level) of the Alaska Peninsula during summers of 2004–2007 to determine their breeding distribu...
Cutting choline conversion in commensals to treat cardiovascular disease

A strategy to selectively target a microbial enzyme reduces the production of a metabolite linked to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Pancreatitis: The great masquerader?

Pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis syndrome mimics rheumatologic disease, often presenting without abdominal pain.
Gastrointestinal Electrical Neuromodulation for Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Obesity and Diabetes

Along the gut, there are rhythmic myoelectrical activities called slow waves that regulate gastrointestinal motility. Impairment in gastrointestinal slow waves and motility causes various disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis and constipation. Gastrointestinal electrical stimulation has been introduced for the treatment of various motility diseases along the gut. Alternations in gastrointestinal motility are associated with the releases of gastrointestinal hormones, whereas changes in gastrointestinal hormones are believed to be associated with obesity and diabetes. Electrophysiology and motility of the gut are briefly reviewed. Common methods of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation are introduced. Promising or possible applications of these neuromodulation methods for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis and constipation are discussed. Therapeutic potentials of electrical stimulation of the gut for the treatment of obesity and diabetes are also presented and discussed.
A multi-scale comparison of elevation measurement methods in northeastern tidal marshes of the United States

Coastal ecosystems are at risk across the globe due to combined effects of sea-level rise and human development. This threat is prevalent in the northeastern USA, where sea levels increase 2-6 mm annually. Much of this coastline is buffered by tidal marsh, directly linking monitoring of this ecosystem to effective coastal management into the future. We estimated local and regional elevations of tidal marshes from Maine to Virginia using real-time kinematic (RTK) technology, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) technology, and regional datasets from the National Elevation Dataset (NED) to evaluate elevation monitoring methods for coastal marshes. Locally we found that RTK-sourced elevation measurements are predicted well using the 1/9 arc-second NED layer, however UAS-derived DSMs did not predict RTK values well. Regionally we found the 1/9 arc-second NED explained 90% of the variation in RTK measurements, and this relationship was strongest in high marsh and terrestrial border across spatial scales. Additionally, we found that elevation increases from south to north in the majority of marsh cover types, indicating that continent-scale mechanisms may determine elevation relative to mean sea level. We suggest further work using UAS-sourced Digital Terrain Models and the NED as an economical substitute for RTK in higher-elevation cover types.
Fraction Unbound for Liver Microsome and Hepatocyte Incubations for All Major Species Can Be Approximated Using a Single-Species Surrogate.

It is well recognized that nonspecific binding of a drug within an in vitro assay (fu) can have a large impact on in vitro to in vivo correlations of intrinsic clearance. Typically, this value is determined experimentally across multiple species in the drug-discovery stage. Herein we examine the feasibility of using a single species (rat) as a surrogate for other species using a panel of small molecules representing highly diverse structures and physiochemical classes. The study demonstrated that 86% and 92% of the tested compounds measured in the mouse, dog, monkey, and human were within 2-fold of rat values for fu in microsomes and hepatocytes, respectively. One compound, amiodarone, exhibited unique species-dependent binding where the fu was approximately 10-fold higher in human microsomes and 20-fold higher in human hepatocytes compared with the average of the other species tested. Overall, these data indicate that using a single species (rat) fu as a surrogate for other major species, including humans, is a means to increase the throughput of measuring nonspecific binding in vitro.
Climate-governance entrepreneurship, higher-order learning, and sustainable consumption: the case of the state of Oregon, United States

The ongoing devolution of climate policy-making to sub-national levels has prompted growing interest in policy entrepreneurship by individuals who are politically and technically creative and insti...
Impact of patient centering in CT on organ dose and the effect of using a positioning compensation system: Evidence from OSLD measurements in postmortem subjects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and impact of vertical mis‐centering on organ doses in computed tomography (CT) exams and evaluate the effect of a commercially available positioning compensation system (PCS). Mis‐centering frequency and magnitude was retrospectively measured in 300 patients examined with chest‐abdomen‐pelvis CT. Organ doses were measured in three postmortem subjects scanned on a CT scanner at nine different vertical table positions (maximum shift ± 4 cm). Organ doses were measured with optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters inserted within organs. Regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between organ doses and mis‐centering. Methods were repeated using a PCS that automatically detects the table offset to adjust tube current output accordingly. Clinical mis‐centering was >1 cm in 53% and 21% of patients in the vertical and lateral directions, respectively. The 1‐cm table shifts resulted in organ dose differences up to 8%, while 4‐cm shifts resulted in organ dose differences up to 35%. Organ doses increased linearly with superior table shifts for the lung, colon, uterus, ovaries, and skin (R 2 = 0.73–0.99, P < 0.005). When the PCS was utilized, organ doses decreased with superior table shifts and dose differences were lower (average 5%, maximum 18%) than scans performed without PCS (average 9%, maximum 35%) at all table shifts. Mis‐centering occurs frequently in the clinic and has a significant effect on patient dose. While accurate patient positioning remains important for maintaining optimal imaging conditions, a PCS has been shown to reduce the effects of patient mis‐centering.
Dueling Electrospray Implemented on a Traveling-Wave Ion Mobility/Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer: Towards a Gas-Phase Workbench for Structural Biology

Abstract The traveling wave trap cell of a commercial ion mobility mass spectrometer (IM/MS) was used as a gas-phase reactor for covalent chemistry by making a simple modification to a standard nanoelectrospray source. Reagents and analytes were generated from pulsed opposite polarity nanoelectrospray sources and isolated by their m/z prior to reaction. Covalent bond formation was first observed with the model peptide angiotensin I. The modification site was identified as the N-terminus of the peptide by collision induced dissociation (CID). The IM cell separated the covalent reaction product from the proton transfer product by their respective ion mobilities. Next, the effects of several trapping parameters, including the trap traveling wave height, the trap RF voltage, and the trap pressure, were evaluated. Decreasing traveling wave height and increasing RF voltage and pressure increased the number of proton transfer events from apomyoglobin to reagent anions. The 6+ charge state of ubiquitin generated from nanospray under native-like conditions was covalently modified in the gas phase through ion/ion reactions. Probing the reacted protein with CID led to the assignment of lysine 29 and arginine 54 as reactive nucleophiles accessible to the reagent. IM analysis of the unmodified native-like 6+ charge state revealed that the gas-phase structure of the protein in the trap was in its compact form. Overall, we introduce a promising method for three-dimensional structural characterization of biomacromolecules.
Candida auris Biofilm Colonization on Skin Niche Conditions

Candida auris, an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast, has recently been associated with outbreaks of invasive infections in health care facilities worldwide. Its success as a nosocomial pathogen lies in its capability to sustain for prolonged periods in the intensive care unit (ICU), adeptly colonize skin, and spread among patients. Little is known of the mechanism behind the predilection of C. auris for skin or the extent of its resilience on it. Now, M. V. Horton, C. J. Johnson, J. F. Kernien, T. D. Patel, et al. (mSphere 5:e00910-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00910-19) demonstrate that in synthetic sweat medium designed to mimic axillary skin conditions, C. auris can grow into multilayers of cells called biofilms that can resist desiccation. C. auris' propensity to form biofilms was further elaborated using a novel ex vivo porcine skin model of skin colonization. These studies provide early evidence that C. auris biofilm cells persisting on skin could serve as source of continuing outbreaks in health care facilities. Interventions blocking C. auris biofilm growth on skin will help control the spread of this pathogen.
Increasing Mindfulness Skills of Veterans With PTSD Through Daily Mindfulness Training Incorporated Into an Intensive Treatment Program

Mindfulness training is frequently included as part of an integrative care approach to treating PTSD in veterans. However, the utility and acceptability of daily group mindfulness training in an intensive treatment program (ITP) for PTSD have not been explored. The study objectives were to determine: (a) whether mindfulness skills significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment and (b) if daily group mindfulness training was acceptable to veterans. Veterans (N = 170 outpatients, age M = 40.7 (SD 9.3), 67.6% male) in this prospective study were consecutively enrolled in a 3-week ITP that included daily mindfulness group sessions. Mindfulness skills were assessed using the Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) at intake and post-treatment. Acceptability was assessed using an anonymous post-treatment program satisfaction survey. Paired t tests demonstrated significant increases in overall mindfulness skills from pre- to post-treatment (t(169) = − 6.33, p < 0.001, d = 0.49). Small to medium effect sizes were observed across subscales: describing, (t(169) = − 5.91, p < 0.001, d = 0.38); acting with awareness, (t(169) = − 3.70, p < 0.001, d = 0.29); nonjudging, (t(169) = − 7.54, p < 0.001, d = 0.58); and nonreactivity, (t(169) = − 4.84, p < 0.001, d = 0.41). Most veterans (n = 125, 74.4%) found daily mindfulness training moderately to very helpful. Veterans’ mindfulness skills significantly increased over the course of a 3-week ITP, and mindfulness training was found acceptable. Mindfulness training can be delivered daily as part of an ITP for veterans with PTSD, and mindfulness skills can meaningfully increase over the course of 3 weeks. A significant limitation is the lack of control condition.
Laparoscopic abdominal cerclage: a highly effective option for refractory cervical insufficiency

Laparoscopic abdominal cerclage is emerging as the preferred treatment option for patients with refractory cervical insufficiency. Laparoscopic abdominal cerclage reduces second-trimester loss and preterm birth with success rates similar to open abdominal cerclage. Increasing evidence also suggests improved neonatal survival rates with abdominal cerclage compared with repeat vaginal cerclage in patients who delivered prematurely despite a vaginal cerclage. The option to perform a highly effective treatment using minimally invasive techniques suggests laparoscopic abdominal cerclage will become the standard of care for refractory cervical insufficiency. This review examines the literature with regard to the indications and outcomes of abdominal cerclage, highlighting the laparoscopic technique.
High-spin states in /sup 42/Ca. [J,. pi. ]

Levels in /sup 42/Ca excited by the /sup 28/Si(/sup 16/O, 2p) reaction have been investigated with E16O = 36--42 MeV. ..gamma..-ray angular distributions and ..gamma gamma.. angular correlations relative to the beam direction have been determined. Level energies, decay modes, spins, parities, and ..gamma..-ray radiative admixtures were extracted. Level energies in keV and preferred J/sup pi/'s are: 4099.9 (5/sup -/), 5491.4 (5/sup +/), 5744.1 (5/sup -/), 6144.5 (6/sup +/), 6408.8 (7/sup +/), 6553.9 (7/sup -/), 7368.7 (6/sup -/ or 8/sup -/), and 8297.9 (J/sub 7369/ +- 1). These spin-parity assignments differ from those reported recently by Warburton, Kolata, and Olness. (AIP)
Predicting polysomnographic severity thresholds in children using machine learning.

Approximately 500,000 children undergo tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TA 6.1, 7.2], and mean AHI was 10.6 [7.8, 13.4]. Predictive performance utilizing clinical parameters was poor for both AHI > 2 (accuracy range: 48–56% for all models) and AHI > 10 (50–61%). Combining oximetry and actigraphy improved the accuracy to 87–89% for AHI > 2 and 95–96% for AHI > 10. Machine learning with oximetry and actigraphy identifies most children needing overnight monitoring as determined by polysomnographic severity of oSDB, supporting a potential resource-conscious screening pathway for children undergoing T&A.
Bedside Craniostomy and Serial Aspiration with an Intraosseous Drill/Needle to Temporize an Acute Epidural Hemorrhage with Mass Effect.

Background This report describes a technique for an immediate mechanical intervention using a familiar tool for emergency physicians and trauma surgeons to temporize acute epidural bleeding with mass effect. The Monro-Kellie Doctrine suggests that immediate removal of some blood will reduce intracranial pressure and mitigate some of the deleterious effects until the neurosurgeon can respond. Case Description A 38-year-old male with active extradural hemorrhage and expanding hemtoma with mass effect and herniation was treated at the bedside with an intraosseous drill to perform craniostomy and allow serial aspirations of continued bleeding. Conclusions Bedside craniosotmy with an intraosseous drill can allow for immediate temporizing of a large epidural hemorrhage and be applied by emergency physicians and/or trauma specialists when neurosurgical consultation is delayed. Serial aspirations should be performed when hemorrhage is ongoing and until definitive evacuation is performed.
Adsorptive desulfurization of jet fuels over TiO2-CeO2 mixed oxides: Role of surface Ti and Ce cations

Abstract A Ti0.9Ce0.1O2 oxide-based adsorbent with high surface area mesopores was studied for adsorptive desulfurization of jet fuel (JP-5: 1055 ppm-w of sulfur) using several techniques, including GC-PFPD, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS and TPD. Ti0.9Ce0.1O2 oxide-based adsorbent effectively adsorbed sulfur and achieved the sulfur reduction of the jet fuel from 1055 ppm-w to lower than 1 ppm-w in multiple cycles of adsorption in a fixed-bed flow system. The spent adsorbent can be regenerated in-situ at the elevated temperature by using air. Some of the sulfur atom in the organic sulfur compounds could be oxidized to form sulfate species by reaction with the surface active oxygen species, while the surface (Ti4+, Ce4+) cations of adsorbent were reduced simultaneously upon adsorption of the sulfur compounds. The formed sulfate species were further removed from the surface during the oxidative regeneration step under an air flow. The deactivation of the adsorbent was potentially caused by sintering and metal cation migration on the surface.
Freeze-thaw depth prediction with constrained optimization for spring load restriction

Abstract Spring Load Restriction (SLR) policies have been widely implemented in many countries to reduce the cost of road repair for freeze-thaw induced damages in cold regions occurring in the spring thawing season. In most SLR policies, accurate predictions of the Freezing Depth (FD) and Thawing Depth (TD) are very critical because both FD and TD directly determine the dates for the SLR initiation and removal. In this study, we propose a new constrained optimization approach to predict FD and TD and evaluate this approach for making SLR decisions with field measurements collected at four sites during two adjacent year cycles. The evaluation results showed that constrained optimization can not only accurately predict FD and TD with a determination coefficient of higher than 0.91 for most sites, but enable FD to meet TD in the thawing season for accurate SLR-decision making, which, however, cannot be achieved using non-constrained optimization widely adopted in the literature. We also discuss the accuracy of using a Thawing Index (TI)/Freezing Index (FI) ratio of 0.3 that still has been used by several agencies in the U.S. to determine the removal date of SLR. Our results indicated that on the true SLR removal dates, a TI/FI ratio is not equal even close to 0.3 for most sites. By comparison, a TI/FI ratio of 0.3 will be less accurate than the FD and TD prediction model for SLR decision-making. The methodology reported in this study is easy to use and implement for road engineers and the insights will help make accurate SLR decisions to prevent roads in cold regions from freeze-thaw induced damages.
Genetically Engineered Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi for Sesquiterpene α-Zingiberene Production

Oleaginous yeast, such as Lipomyces starkeyi, are logical organisms for production of higher energy density molecules like lipids and terpenes. We demonstrate that transgenic L. starkeyi strains expressing an α-zingiberene synthase gene from lemon basil or Hall's panicgrass can produce up to 17 mg/L α-zingiberene in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium containing 4% glucose. The transgenic strain was further examined in 8% glucose media with C/N ratios of 20 or 100, and YPD. YPD medium resulted in 59 mg/L α-zingiberene accumulation. Overexpression of selected genes from the mevalonate pathway achieved 145% improvement in α-zingiberene synthesis. Optimization of the growth medium for α-zingiberene production led to 15% higher titer than YPD medium. The final transgenic strain produced 700 mg/L α-zingiberene in fed-batch bioreactor culture. This study opens a new synthetic route to produce α-zingiberene or other terpenoids in L. starkeyi and establishes this yeast as a platform for jet fuel biosynthesis.
An Overview of University Financial Education Programs

The purpose of this chapter is multifaceted. First, the need for financial education programs is briefly reviewed. Second, data from a national survey of existing on-campus financial education programs is presented to provide baseline comparison measures for existing programs and programs that hope to be started in the future. Third, a review of implementation and management structures is provided. Finally, a brief discussion of best practices is presented. Taken together, the information discussed in this chapter can serve as a jumping-off point in the ongoing discussion of what educational centers and programs are currently in place on college and university campuses and how different programs are attempting to improve the financial capabilities of students.
Quid Pro Quo: Builders, Politicians, and Election Finance in India

Where elections are costly but accountability mechanisms are weak, politicians often turn to private firms for illicit election finance. Where firms are highly regulated, politicians can exchange policy discretion or regulatory forbearance for bribes and monetary transfers from firms. Due to its regulatory intensity, we focus on the role of the construction sector. Specifically, we argue that builders will experience a short-term liquidity crunch as elections approach because of their need to re-route funds to politicians as a form of indirect election finance. We use variation in the demand for cement to investigate the presence of an electoral cycle in building activity in India consistent with this logic. Using a novel monthly-level dataset, we demonstrate that cement consumption does exhibit a political business cycle consistent with our hypothesis. Additional tests provide confidence in the robustness and interpretation of our findings.
Stimulated secretion of lysosomal enzymes by cells in culture.

Abstract F9 mouse teratocarcinoma and PyS-2 cells in culture incubated with monovalent cations in buffered sucrose solution (0.25 M) can secrete as much as 40% of their total lysosomal enzymes into the medium within 30 min. Longer incubation does not lead to further loss of enzyme, suggesting that only a certain fraction of lysosomes is capable of discharge. The simultaneous presence of sucrose and cation, each at the respective optimal concentrations of 0.25 and 0.15 M, is required for lysosomal discharge (i.e. twice isoosmolarity). The cells remain fully viable. Sodium ions are more effective than lithium and potassium ions, whereas amines and divalent cations are less effective. Other sugars including glucose can replace sucrose to varying extents. Secretion is accompanied by a rapid short-lived rise in the level of cAMP. Forskolin as well as agents that activate G protein such as cholera toxin, AlF4-, and vanadate ions also increase the rate of secretion. Sucrose-Na+ stimulation takes place independently of changes in influx or efflux of calcium ions or changes in the levels of extracellular or free intracellular calcium ions. Neomycin, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, has little effect on secretion. Our results suggest that the secretion observed is mediated by a cAMP-dependent mechanism involving G proteins. Calcium ions and phospholipase C appear to play little or no part in the activation process.
Sex and Gender

The terms sex and gender are difficult to separate in much of the literature. Unger (1979) suggested that the term sex had been used to cover too wide a range of conditions. She recommended use of the term gender for “those nonphysiological components of sex that are culturally regarded as appropriate to males or to females” (Unger, 1979, p. 1086). She also noted that it is important for researchers to be careful when stating that observed “sex” differences lead to “gender” differences without examining differences in the environment and socialization processes of the subjects. As environmental and socialization differences are seldom cited in the research articles used in this chapter, only the term sex will tend to be used.
Genetics and Molecular Biology of Telomeres

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the genetics and molecular biology of telomeres. Telomeres consist of a number of DNA sequences, including a simple repeat that is G rich on one strand at the extreme terminus of the chromosome (termed “telomeric repeat”) and more complex repetitive sequences proximal to it (termed “telomere-associated DNA” or “subtelomeric repeats”). For simplicity, the chapter defines telomeres as complex structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that perform several cellular functions. Among the functions proposed for telomeres at least two are vital: protection of the chromosome end from degradation and fusion (termed “capping”) and complete replication of DNA sequences at chromosome ends. Telomeres are also involved in associations with other telomeres and structures within the nucleus, but the functions of these associations are not clearly understood. Although the alternative—that a telomere is a specific DNA sequence—is certainly a testable hypothesis, there is evidence that the “telomeric DNA” repeats play a significant role in chromosome replication. However, there is no evidence that the telomeric DNA performs all functions ascribed to telomeres in any one organism.
Nicotine treatment at the drug dependency program of the Minneapolis VA Medical Center: A researcher's perspective

Substance use disorder treatment professionals historically have been reluctant to address tobacco dependence in their patients, despite a high prevalence of smoking, unique health effects, and evidence of physical addiction to nicotine. We performed two prospective studies to examine (1) the feasibility of a smoke-free policy and nicotine treatment program in an inpatient drug and alcohol treatment program, and (2) the impact of this intervention on long-term treatment outcomes. In both studies we used self-reported data from two groups of patients; one hospitalized after the implementation of the intervention and a historical control. The first set of data indicated that patients were more interested in quitting smoking and were more likely to abstain from smoking after the policy was implemented than before. They did not feel quitting smoking would threaten abstinence, and the policy did not increase early discharges. The second study failed to show that the change in policy was associated with an adverse effect on drug and alcohol treatment outcomes. A small but significant positive effect was demonstrated for smoking cessation. These studies also showed that many patients regard smoking as different from the primary drug that brought them to treatment. Randomized clinical trials testing a variety of smoking intervention techniques are desperately needed in this population to scientifically determine effective methods to decrease smoking.
An uncertainty-driven approach to vortex analysis using oracle consensus and spatial proximity

Although vortex analysis and detection have been extensively investigated in the past, none of the existing techniques are able to provide fully robust and reliable identification results. Local vortex detection methods are popular as they are efficient and easy to implement, and produce binary outputs based on a user-specified, hard threshold. However, vortices are global features, which present challenges for local detectors. On the other hand, global detectors are computationally intensive and require considerable user input. In this work, we propose a consensus-based uncertainty model and introduce spatial proximity to enhance vortex detection results obtained using point-based methods. We use four existing local vortex detectors and convert their outputs into fuzzy possibility values using a sigmoid-based soft-thresholding approach. We apply a majority voting scheme that enables us to identify candidate vortex regions with a higher degree of confidence. Then, we introduce spatial proximity- based analysis to discern the final vortical regions. Thus, by using spatial proximity coupled with fuzzy inputs, we propose a novel uncertainty analysis approach for vortex detection. We use expert's input to better estimate the system parameters and results from two real-world data sets demonstrate the efficacy of our method.
Spontaneous cytotoxicity of human lymphoblast cell lines mediated by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes: I. Differential susceptibility of T- versus B-cell lines

Abstract Human lymphoblast cell lines of B- and T-cell origin have been tested for their ability to serve as targets in a 4-hr 51Cr release microcytotoxicity assay using normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes as effector cells. Cell lines of T-cell origin were susceptible to lysis in this assay by effector lymphocytes from all normal donors tested. Cell lines of B-cell origin were repeatably lysed by normal lymphocytes from some, but not all donors. Spontaneous cytotoxicity of B-cell lines, when observed, was also quantitatively less than was obtained using T-cell lines as targets. One cell line (RPMI-7666), of B-cell origin, was not susceptible to spontaneous cytotoxicity by almost all of the normal lymphocyte effectors tested. Lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission were less capable of effecting lysis in this assay.
Background: Patellofemoral Malalignment Versus Tissue Homeostasis

Anterior knee pain* is the most common knee complaint seen in adolescents and young adults, in both the athletic and nonathletic population, although in the former, its incidence is higher. The rate is around 9% in young active adults.
Ethics in Practice

This essay serves as the introductory chapter of an edited collection, Ethics In Practice (forthcoming, Oxford University Press), which focuses on problems of professional responsibility and professional regulation. The Chapter offers an overview of the structural sources of these problems -- the economic conditions, adversarial premises, and regulatory frameworks that compromise moral commitments. Its central claim is that until the bar addresses the underlying forces that drive professional choices, a wide gap will persist between the ideals and institutions of lawyers' working lives.
Reactions of acetaldehyde and ethanol on W(100) and W(100)−(5 × 1)C surfaces

Abstract The reactions of acetaldehyde and ethanol were studied on clean and carburized W(100) surfaces using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS). On a clean tungsten surface the room-temperature adsorption of either molecule resulted in complete dissociation into adsorbed hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms at low exposures. With increasing exposures acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethylene, and methane were observed to form as additional reaction products via an ethoxy surface intermediate. Passivation of the tungsten surface, either by the initial breakup of the parent molecule or by the deposit of carbon from cracking ethylene, resulted in markedly different product distributions. In particular, methane formation from CC bond scission was eliminated by carbide formation, CO bond rupture was reduced somewhat, and the reduction of surface oxygen to form water was enhanced. In the case of ethanol the dehydrogenation/dehydration selectivity was increased by a factor of 5 on the carbide surface. Formation of surface oxygen or surface alkoxide groups promoted a lower energy pathway for decomposition to all products.
Chapter 3: Going West to Get East: Using Metaphors as Instructional Tools

Theory and research on the dynamics of instructional metaphors, analogies, and models, children's ability to comprehend figurative language, and the effectiveness of figurative devices as instructi...
Estimating the Rayleigh-wave impulse response between seismic stations with the cross terms of the Green tensor

[1] The development of ambient noise tomography has provided a powerful tool to investigate the Earth's subsurface with increased resolution. Most commonly, surface-wave tomography is performed on inter-station estimates of the vertical component of Rayleigh waves, stemming from crosscorrelations of ocean-generated noise. Here, we estimate the cross terms of the Rayleigh-wave Green tensor, and show this is less sensitive to signal not in-line with the seismic stations. We illustrate this result with the Batholiths temporary seismic deployment, showing estimates of the Rayleigh wave with a higher signal-to-noise ratio and a consequently better phase-velocity dispersion curve. This approach provides an opportunity for reliable ambient noise crosscorrelations over shorter time windows and more closely spaced stations in the future.
Effects of Barrier Finishes on Aerosol Spray Penetration and Comfort of Woven and Disposable Nonwoven Fabrics for Protective Clothing

Woven and nonwoven fabrics with and without barrier finishes were tested for resistance to aerosol spray penetration and physical factors which contribute to comfort desirable for protective clothing for pesticide applicators. An aerosol spray test procedure was developed to test the following spray carriers: (1) water, (2) water/surfactant (48:1), and (3) unrefined cottonseed oil/surfactant (4:1). All the carriers contained 0.1% methylene blue dye as an indicator. Physical properties (for example, density, weight, thickness, water vapor, and air permeability) were examined as indicators of fabric comfort. The presence of fluorocarbon-based finishes increased the resistance to aerosol spray penetration. Based on the physical test results and the aerosol penetration test, the spun-lace nonwoven fabrics ranked highest for disposable protective garments.
A new technique for short-term residential electric load forecasting including weather and lifestyle influences

A stochastic physically based residential load forecasting technique that accounts for random influences on the load is proposed. The proposed forecasting approach is based on forecasting the weather-dependent and weather-independent components separately. The weather-dependent component is modeled via a stochastic physically based model. From the physically based model, the maximum likelihood duty cycle is deduced and used to predict the weather-dependent component. The weather-independent component is modeled by an autoregressive (AR) model. Addition of the two predictions yields the total residential load forecast. This algorithm overcomes the problem of obtaining the weather-load relationship that has placed most existing forecasting methods at a disadvantage. From the data gathered in the Athens load control experiment, one set of data is used to estimate the parameters of the proposed load prediction method. Other sets of data are used to verify the prediction and provide a measure of the success of the proposed forecasting technique. Very good correlation is observed between the prediction and measurement. >
Adiposity is associated with p53 gene mutations in breast cancer

Mutations in the p53 gene are among the most frequent genetic events in human cancer and may be triggered by environmental and occupational exposures. We examined the association of clinical and pathological characteristics of breast tumors and breast cancer risk factors according to the prevalence and type of p53 mutations. Using tumor blocks from incident cases from a case-control study in western New York, we screened for p53 mutations in exons 2-11 using the Affymetrix p53 Gene Chip array and analyzed case-case comparisons using logistic regression. The p53 mutation frequency among cases was 28.1 %; 95 % were point mutations (13 % of which were silent) and the remainder were single base pair deletions. Sixty seven percent of all point mutations were transitions; 24 % of them are G:C>A:T at CpG sites. Positive p53 mutation status was associated with poorer differentiation (OR, 95 % CI 2.29, 1.21-4.32), higher nuclear grade (OR, 95 % CI 1.99, 1.22-3.25), and increased Ki-67 status (OR, 95 % CI 1.81, 1.10-2.98). Cases with P53 mutations were more likely to have a combined ER-positive and PR-negative status (OR, 95 % CI 1.65, 1.01-2.71), and a combined ER-negative and PR-negative status (OR, 95 % CI 2.18, 1.47-3.23). Body mass index >30 kg/m(2), waist circumference >79 cm, and waist-to-hip ratio >0.86 were also associated with p53 status; obese breast cancer cases are more likely to have p53 mutations (OR, 95 % CI 1.78, 1.19-2.68). We confirmed that p53 mutations are associated with less favorable tumor characteristics and identified an association of p53 mutation status and adiposity.
Hiring and Developing Quality Community College Faculty

There is a likely community college teacher shortage on the horizon. Thus, community colleges not only need to focus on hiring quality instructors who emphasize teaching excellence, but institutions need to invest time and resources developing quality faculty plans to address faculty needs and provide adequate faculty development programs. When Iowa's community college licensure law was repealed in 2003, 15 area community colleges were left with the task of developing their own quality faculty plans. The Quality Faculty Plan design and one-year implementation is assessed.
Illustration of Centralized Command and Control for Flocking Behavior

Flocking is a term that describes the behavior of a group of birds a "flock" in flight, or the swarming behavior of insects. This paper presents detailed information about how to use the flocking techniques to control a group of embedded controlled systems-''Boids''-such as ground systems robotic vehicles/ swarm robots. Each one of these systems collectively moves inside/outside of a building to reach a target. The flocking behavior is implemented on a server-based control, which processes each of the boids' properties e.g. position, speed & target. Subsequently, the server will assign the appropriate move to a specific boid. The calculated information will be used locally to control and direct the movements/flocking for each boid in the group. A simulation technique and detailed flow chart is presented. In addition to Reynolds three original rules for flocking, two other rules-targeting obstacle avoidance-are presented-. Our result shows that the obstacles' avoiding rule was utilized to ensure that the flock didn't collide with obstacles in each of the boids' paths.
Short-Lived Resonant State of H --

A short-lived resonant state with configuration ${(2s)}^{2}(2p)$ $^{2}P^{o}$ is computed for ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ using the stabilization method. The resonant energy is 14.8 eV and the estimated width is roughly 1 eV, all in excellent agreement with experiment.
The influence of alkali content on the electrical resistivity and transport properties of cementitious materials

Abstract This paper examines the role of alkali content on the transport properties of cementitious materials. While cement with high alkali content may be a concern due to the potential for alkali silica reaction (ASR), the alkali content also influences the electrical properties of pore solution and the bulk cementitious system. Higher concentrations of alkalis decrease the resistivity of the pore solution. However, the alkalis may also impact the microstructure formed during hydration. This paper examines the role of alkali content on both the pore solution and on the microstructure that forms. Water vapor desorption measurements indicate that systems with a higher alkali content have a lower overall porosity. This dense microstructure is not caused simply by a higher degree of hydration (DOH) (i.e., an increase in reacted products), as suggested by loss on ignition (LOI), but rather possibly from the improved morphology and distribution of calcium hydroxide, as observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM).These improvements in the microstructure alter the electrical resistivity and the results of steady and non-steady state migration tests. This indicates that with higher alkali content, cement may have a beneficial influence on reducing chloride ion transport. Furthermore, alkali leaching during saturated curing is observed, quantified, and discussed as it relates to the interpretation of electrical measurements and microstructure formed.