cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organizational Culture and Climate and Mental Health Provider Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice

Mental health provider attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice (EBP) are associated with organizational context and provider individual differences. Organizational culture and climate are contextual factors that can affect staff acceptance of innovation. This study examined the association of organizational culture and climate with attitudes toward adopting EBP. Participants were 301 public sector mental health service providers from 49 programs providing mental health services for youths and families. Correlation analyses and multilevel hierarchical regressions, controlling for effects of provider characteristics, showed that constructive culture was associated with more positive attitudes toward adoption of EBP and poor organizational climates with perceived divergence of usual practice and EBP. Behavioral health organizations may benefit from consideration of how culture and climate affect staff attitudes toward change in practice.
Photodissociation of carbon dioxide in the Mars upper atmosphere

Calculation of the intensity of two of the emissions produced during the dissociative excitation of carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere of Mars by solar ultraviolet radiation. The calculation tangential column emission rates of the atomic oxygen 2972-A line and the carbon monoxide Cameron bands produced by the photodissociative mechanism are found to be factors of 3 and 10, respectively, smaller than the emission rates observed by Mariner ultraviolet spectrometers.
Behavioral Stability in Physical Education: A One-Year Time-Series Analysis.

Abstract This study assessed the stability of student/teacher interactional behavior over one academic year. The design of this study was a single-subject, time-series analysis. The studied teacher had 14 years' experience and taught physical education in grades K–6. Data were collected using the Cheffers Adaptation of Flanders Interaction Analysis System (CAFIAS) (Cheffers, Mancini, & Martinek, 1980). A total of 52 classes were observed at equally spaced time intervals. Data were subjected to univariate Box-Jenkins time-series analyses to determine stationarity. Autocorrelation functions indicated only 5 of the 20 CAFIAS categories demonstrated significant (p <.01) stationarity. These five variables combined accounted for 28.5% of the total student/teacher interactional behavior. Finding less than 30% of behavior stable over a year's time led to the conclusion that the teaching behavior observed may lack the stability necessary for making the inferential generalizations common to natural science research.
Charity, Philanthropy, Public Service, or Enterprise: What Are the Big Questions of Nonprofit Management Today?

“Nonprofit sector” issues, both in public discourse and pedagogy, are too narrowly cast as problems confronting public-serving nonprofits and grant-making foundations. Consisting also of membership organizations, educational institutions, and political pressure groups, the sector constitutes a major force in society which, in its interactive entirety, might better be termed a “social economy.” This social economy both influences and is shaped by public administration, and it is now very much under public scrutiny. The author raises seminal questions that challenge the mission, management, and resources of this critical sector of society.
A Hybrid Routing Protocol in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) is a new promising wireless technology which uses already available hardware and software components. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing algorithm for military applications. More specifically, a specialized scenario consisting of a network of flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) executing reconnaissance missions is investigated. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of our algorithm in terms of the routing overhead, latency, and packet delivery ratio with respect to varying number of nodes and node density. Three classes of node mobility: low, medium, and high are considered in the simulation study. The results showed that the latency tends to increase as the network grows larger All the metrics revealed sensitivity in high mobility conditions.
Asbestosis and Nodular Lesions of the Lung: A Radiologic Study

The rarity of asbestosis and concomitant nodular lesions of the lung has resulted in disagreement regarding the association of the two conditions. The radiographs of six patients with nodular lesions of the lung in association with asbestosis prompted a review. Symptoms may be absent or may cause severe incapacity. Complications of asbestosis include pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary insufficiency, bronchogenic carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, and abdominal tumors. The first report of nodular lesions associated with asbestosis was made by Caplan who suggested that the lesions may have been a manifestation of tuberculosis, modified by dust and rheumatoid arthritis. Later, similar lesions were noted in asbestos workers with no radiographic evidence of asbestosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Our study confirms the presence of nodular and cystic lesions in radiographs of patients with asbetosis. Since asbestosis may be serious and the complications can be fatal, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with nodular lung lesions who have been exposed to asbestos.
MO‐A‐BRA‐01: State of the Art in Quantitative Imaging in CT, PET and MRI

Diagnostic Imaging is evolving from a modality where the emphasis is on the acquisition and interpretation of image data by radiologists to one where imaging devices may be used as measurement devices that are able to produce quantitative results. Some examples of quantitative measured values are already in clinical practice, including coronary arterycalcium scores from CT, Standard Uptake Values (SUV) in PET imaging and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) in MRI. Clinical and clinical research applications of quantitative anatomical and functional imaging biomarkers, including those focused on treatment assessment, have continued to dramatically expand. Studies at single centers have clearly demonstrated the potential of such applications. However, sources of bias and variance of quantitative imaging biomarkers have not previously been adequately investigated, thus limiting the implementation of robust methods to mitigate their effects. Therefore, when it comes to applications of such techniques across vendor platforms, centers, and time, challenges arise due to lack of standards, appropriate phantoms, and protocols. During the past few years, several quantitative imaging initiatives have been instigated. This symposium presentation will review selected applications of quantitative imaging biomarkers, illustrate some of the current challenges in broadening the use of such biomarkers, and discuss some of the current initiatives of various scientific and federal organizations that are focused on the standardization, qualification, and validation of quantitative imaging biomarkers. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand selected applications of quantitative imaging biomarkers. 2. Understand the factors that currently limit widespread acceptance and use of such quantitative imaging biomarkers, including sources of bias and variance. 3. Understand some of the current initiatives focused on the standardization, qualification, and validation of selected quantitative imaging biomarkers. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand selected applications of quantitative imaging biomarkers. 2. Understand the factors that currently limit widespread acceptance and use of such quantitative imaging biomarkers, including sources of bias and variance. 3. Understand some of the current initiatives focused on the standardization, qualification, and validation of selected quantitative imaging biomarkers.
Bacteriophage and the Toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum Type C

Nontoxigenic and bacteriophage-sensitive bacterial cultures have been isolated from toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type C, strain 468C, after treatment with either ultraviolet light or acridine orange. Two bacteriophages, designated CEbeta and CE(gamma), were isolated from toxigenic strain 468C. Both of these bacteriophages were capable of infecting the nontoxigenic type C cultures, but only bacteriophage CEbeta was involved in the change from nontoxigenicity to toxigenicity.
Black Feminist Theory in Prehistory

Black feminist theory has been employed in North American historical archaeology, but has not made inroads in other areas of archaeology. This article describes how Black feminist theory may be used to address the sociopolitics of archaeological practice as well as how it may be applied to the study of prehistory. Suggestions for improving the climate for minority researchers are provided, and a brief example is given demonstrating how taking a Black feminist standpoint provides a different way to look at interactions between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans in Pleistocene Europe.
Immunolocalization of PICK1 in the ascending auditory pathways of the adult rat.

Protein that interacts with C-kinase α (PICK1) is a PDZ domain protein that interacts with many binding partners in the central nervous system (CNS), including activated protein kinase Cα and subunits of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor. Almost nothing is known about the anatomic distribution of PICK1 in the intact adult CNS. By using PICK1 antisera and peroxidase immunocytochemistry, we report on the distribution of PICK1 in the ascending pathways of the central auditory system of the adult rat. PICK1-immunoreactivity (ir) was observed in many component nuclei of the central auditory system, including the dorsal cochlear nucleus, anteroventral cochlear nucleus, posteroventral cochlear nucleus, some divisions of the superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and primary auditory cortex. The general staining pattern for PICK1-immunoreactivity was somatodendritic with scattered puncta in neuropil and somatodendritic regions. The distribution of PICK1 partially overlaps with PKCα and glutamate receptor subunits such as GluR2. These data suggest that PICK1 may function in the regulation of PKCα and GluR2 localization in components of the rat auditory system, which may be a fundamental mechanism of synaptic transmission and/or plasticity. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:382–394, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improving the Face Recognition Grand Challenge Baseline Performance using Color Configurations Across Color Spaces

This paper presents a method that applies color information to improve face recognition performance of the face recognition grand challenge (FRGC) baseline algorithm, also known as the biometric experimentation environment (BEE) baseline algorithm. In particular, we empirically assess the face recognition performance of the BEE baseline algorithm by applying color configurations in the YIQ and the YCbCr color spaces. The color configuration is defined as an individual or a combination of color component images. Experimental results using an FRGC ver1.0 dateset containing 1,126 images demonstrate that the YQCr color configuration improves the rank-one face recognition rate of the BEE baseline algorithm from 37% to 70%; when experimenting with an FRGC ver2.0 dataset consisting of 30,702 images, the YQCr color configuration achieves 65% verification rate comparing to the FRGC baseline performance of 12%.
Separation of fast-moving gamma-globulins by starch-gel electrophoresis.

ONE-DIMENSIONAL electrophoresis in starch gel1 performed in a discontinuous system of buffers2 has shown several new protein components in the region between the slow-α2 globulin (S-α2) and transferrin (β-1-globulin). During the investigations of the origin of these new bands it became apparent that at least two belong to the ‘fast moving’ γ-globulins. The term refers to that portion of γ-globulins which are found by filter paper electrophoresis (sodium barbital-sodium acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer; ionic strength 0.1µ in the β-globulin region.
Active immunization using a single dose immunotherapeutic abates established EAE via IL-10 and regulatory T cells

Stimulation of Ag-specific inducible Treg can enhance resolution of autoimmune disease. Conventional methods to induce Treg often require induction of autoimmune disease or subjection to infection. Reovirus adhesin, protein σ1 (pσ1), can successfully facilitate tolerance when fused to a tolerogen. We tested whether myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) fused to pσ1 (MOG-pσ1) can stimulate Ag-specific Treg. We show that C57BL/6 mice treated nasally with MOG-pσ1 fail to induce MOG-specific Abs and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and resist EAE. Such resistance was attributed to stimulation of Foxp3 + Treg, as well as Th2 cells. MOG-pσ1’s protective capacity was abrogated in IL-10 −/− mice, but restored when adoptively transferred with MOG-p σ1-induced Treg. As a therapeutic, MOG-pσ1 diminished EAE within 24 h of nasal application, unlike recombinant MOG (rMOG), pσ1, or pσ1+rMOG, implicating the importance of Ag specificity by pσ1-based therapeutics. MOG-pσ1-treated mice showed elevated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-28 production by CD4 + T cells, unlike rMOG treated or control mice that produced elevated IFN-γ or IL-17, respectively. These data show the feasibility of using pσ1 as a tolerogen platform for Ag-specific tolerance induction and highlight its potential use as an immunotherapeutic for autoimmunity.
The humoral side of insulin resistance

Primary alterations in insulin signaling pathways are not the only way to reduce the body's sensitivity to insulin. By promoting the release of cytokines, liver inflammation can also lead to insulin resistance.
High-performance metal/silicide antifuse (for CMOS technology)

A low-programmed-resistance low-thermal-budget, high-performance metal/silicide antifuse is reported. The programmed ON-State resistance of the metal/silicide antifuse is around 60 Omega , which is a factor of 10 less than that of Si-based antifuses (poly/n/sup +/ and poly/poly). Metal/silicide antifuses also eliminate the nonlinear ON-state resistance seen in Si-based antifuses. Programming of the antifuse can be done in 2 ms at 14 V, which is comparable to Si-based antifuses. Both ON- and OFF-state reliability of the metal/silicide antifuse are shown to be satisfactory. >
Referential coding and attention-shifting accounts of the Simon effect

Stoffer (1991) and Umilta and Nicoletti (1992) have proposed an attention-shifting account of the Simon effect. However, Hommel (1993) has presented evidence suggesting that the effect can be explained in terms of referential coding, without invoking attentional shifts. Five experiments are reported here, whose primary purpose is to test implications of the referential-coding account. All of the experiments compared conditions in which a noise stimulus was presented in the position opposite the target stimulus with conditions in which it was not. Contrary to the referential-coding account, (a) the basic Simon effect was larger without a fixation point to serve as a referent than with one; (b) the noise stimulus increased the magnitude of the Simon effect when a fixation point was used, but not when there was no fixation point; and (c) the magnitude of the Simon effect obtained in the presence of a noise stimulus was reduced substantially when the noise and the target (and, if present, the fixation point) were in different colors. The results, although counter to predictions of the referential-coding account, can be accommodated by the attention-shifting account if it is assumed that a fixation point provides an anchor that minimizes attention shifts.
Synthesis of Polyfunctional Fatty Amines from Sophorolipid-Derived 17-Hydroxy Oleic Acid

A series of mono- and diamines and one triamine have been prepared using methyl 17-hydroxy oleate as the common starting material. The 17-hydroxy oleate is an abundant bioderived material obtained from acid alcoholysis of sophorolipids, which in turn are produced by fermentation of agricultural by-products. Incorporation of the amino unit(s) can be selectively performed at either end of the chain or at its middle. The chief synthetic reactions used are allylic bromination, Curtius rearrangement, and the Mitsunobu reaction. These fatty amines also possess functionality such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acids, and C−C double bonds. The amines are isolated in protected form using a variety of protecting groups, the identities of which can be selected on the basis of the intended use of the amine. These novel compounds will be of interest in the preparation of highly functionalized polymers and surfactants, among other areas.
Drug testing litigation: Trends and outcomes

Abstract This article chronicles the trend in private sector drug testing litigation from 1984 to 1994, details the legal theories that employees have used to challenge employer drug testing policies, and reports the success of these challenges. A search of the Westlaw data base uncovered 140 private sector drug testing cases disposed by the federal and state courts over this period. An analysis of these cases indicates that drug testing litigation accelerated rapidly in the late 1980s and then plateaued in the 1990s, that grounds for lawsuits are numerous, and that the percentage of cases won by employees is currently as high as it has ever been. Accordingly, in recognition of the nature and scope of the risk involved in employee drug screening, the prudent human resource manager should continue to exercise caution in drug testing policy design, implementation, and administration.
A point-based hybrid cloud modeling technique

A hybrid approach to cloud modeling and shading based on volumetric procedural modeling, particle modeling and point primitives is proposed in this work. The volumetric procedural modeling allows great flexibility in controlling object's level of detail, the particle modeling enables to model clouds piece by piece to facilitate interactive fly-in animation, and the point primitive facilitates the multi-resolution representation and animation of complex objects. A preliminary experimental result is given to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
The factor structure and cross-sectional distributional properties of the Beth Israel/UCLA Functional Status Questionnaire.

The functional status of ambulatory patients is an important correlate of their emotional and physical well-being and is subject to influence by the delivery of health care. First, the present study obtains a profile on the FSQ for a large sample of young, healthy adults (N=508 college undergraduates), for use as an “empirical standard” against which to evaluate the effect of disease or injury on an individual's functional status. Second, cross-sectional analyses contrast distributional features of responses to the FSQ between (a) the present younger, healthy sample and (b) a previously published, older ambulatory patient sample. These analyses suggest that the FSQ has acceptable discriminant validity for intergroup comparisons. Finally, confirmatory structural analyses suggest that the theoretical six-factor model hypothesized to underlie responses to the FSQ has a modest, yet acceptable, goodness of fit to actual data.
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles

Monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles have been synthesized by high-temperature solution-phase reaction of Fe(acac)3 in phenyl ether with alcohol, oleic acid, and oleylamine. Seed-mediated growth is used to control Fe3O4 nanoparticle size, and variously sized nanoparticles from 3 to 20 nm have been produced. The as-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles have inverse spinel structure, and their assemblies can be transformed into γ-Fe2O3 or α-Fe nanoparticle assemblies, depending on the annealing conditions. The reported procedure can be used as a general approach to various ferrite nanoparticles and nanoparticle superlattices.
Choice vs. interaction: the case of online Caroline

Reader choice among links in hypertext has often been classified as a form of interactiuvity and has sometimes been claimed as empowering the reader. The case of the website Online Caroline, however, shows that it is possible for apparent choice and interaction to serve only to further constrain and dictate the reader's experience. We must be careful to distinguish meaningful from superficial choice when evaluating “interactive fiction” and its potential.
Another Example of Anti‐IB

Abstract. Another example of anti-IB is reported. The antibody would only react with cells having both B and I antigens and was transient.
A comparative evaluation of the neurotoxic properties of ketamine and nitrous oxide

The general anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and ketamine, are NMDA antagonists which, like other NMDA antagonists such as MK801, induce a neurotoxic reaction in the rat brain. For MK801 neurotoxicity, both age and sex are important variables (adult rats are more sensitive than immature rats and females are more sensitive than males). In this study we found that ketamine has this same age and sex dependency profile, and N(2)O has the same age but not sex dependency. Male and female rats are equally sensitive to N(2)O neurotoxicity.
Clinical significance of hepatic iron deposition and serum iron values in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.

Clinical Significance of Hepatic Iron Deposition and Serum Iron Values in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Electrochemical SERS at Periodic Metallic Nanopyramid Arrays

This paper reports a simple and scalable colloidal templating nanofabrication technology for generating periodic metallic nanopyramid arrays as electrodes for electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). These periodic arrays of nanopyramids with nanoscale sharp tips and high tip density can enhance the local electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the nanotips, resulting in high SERS enhancement (on the order of 106). The effect of the applied electrode potential and the electrode redox reactions on the SERS enhancement has been investigated. Finite element electromagnetic modeling has also been developed to simulate the electric field amplitude distribution and the corresponding Raman enhancement factors surrounding arrays of nanopyramids.
Modelling of bonded multilayered disks subjected to biaxial flexure tests

Biaxial flexure tests have been used extensively for the strength measurements of monolithic brittle materials. However, despite the increasing applications of multilayered structures, characterization of their strengths using biaxial flexure tests is unavailable. This is because the analytical description of the relation between the strength and the fracture load for multilayers subjected to biaxial flexure tests is nonexistent. To characterize the biaxial strength of multilayers, an analytical model is developed in the present study to derive the general closed-form solutions for the elastic stress distributions in thin multilayered disks subjected to biaxial flexure tests. To verify the analytical solutions, finite element analyses are performed on trilayered disks subjected to ring-on-ring tests. Good agreement is obtained between analytical and numerical results. The present closed-form solutions hence provide a basis for evaluating the biaxial strength of multilayered systems. Depending upon the strength of the individual layers and the stress distribution through the thickness of the multilayer during testing, cracking can initiate from any layer under tension.
Kinetics of helix unfolding: molecular dynamics simulations with milestoning.

The unfolding process of a helical heteropeptide is studied by computer simulation in explicit solvent. A combination of a functional optimization to determine the reaction coordinate and short time trajectories between “Milestones” is used to study the kinetic of the unfolding. One hundred unfolding trajectories along three different unfolding pathways are computed between all nearby Milestones providing adequate statistics to compute the overall first passage time. The radius of gyration is smaller for intermediate configurations compared to the initial and final states suggesting that the kinetics (but not the thermodynamics) is sensitive to pressure. The transitions are dominated by local bond rotations (the ψ dihedral angle) that are assisted by significant nonmonotonic fluctuations of nearby torsions. The most effective unfolding pathway is via the N-terminal.
Emerging technology for vehicular safety and emergency response to roadway crashes.

Globally, transport-related injuries are by far the leading cause of death and disability from injury. By 2020, road-traffic–related injuries will have risen from the current ninth global cause of death worldwide and disability-adjusted life years lost to second and third, respectively. 11 Although the epidemiology of transport-related injury varies from country to country, the worldwide leader and most rapidly increasing cause of death and disability by far is the automobile. In some countries, buses, trucks, bicycles, and trains are major or leading factors, depending largely on the socioeconomic characteristics of the particular country.
Retarded chylomicron apolipoprotein-B catabolism in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects with lipaemia

To define the kinetics of chylomicron apolipoprotein-B catabolism in diabetic subjects with lipaemia, autologous chylomicrons (Sf 400) harvested from plasma following an oral fat load were radioiodinated and re-injected. The radioactivity in the tetramethylurea-insoluble, non-lipid Sf>400 lipoprotein fraction was followed in serial samples over 60–72h on a fat-free, isocaloric diet in: (1) five normal subjects; (2) four hypertriglyceridaemic, non-diabetic subjects; and (3) five diabetic patients (one subject, No. 3, was studied twice). The plasma apolipoprotein-B decay curve for the Sf 400 fraction disclosed biphasic disappearance: a rapid first phase (residence time 0.8–1.9 h) accounting for the large majority of removal (60%–95%) and a slower second phase (residence time 3.6–47.6 h), accounting for the remainder. Total chylomicron apolipoprotein-B residence times were similar in normolipidaemic (1.8–7.3 h) and hypertriglyceridaemic (2.3–10.3 h) non-diabetic subjects and the mildly hypertriglyceridaemic diabetic patients (5.6 and 5.8 h). In the untreated lipaemic diabetic subjects (Nos. 1 and 2), only a single, much slower phase was observed (total chylomicron apolipoprotein-B residence time 38.5–58 h). Adipose tissue biopsy in one of these subjects (No. 1) disclosed profoundly low lipoprotein lipase activity. The lipaemic diabetic subject (No. 3) studied early during treatment showed an intermediate pattern. These studies suggest a key role for insulin-dependent, lipoprotein lipase-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis in the removal of chylomicrons from plasma.
Bortezomib-Based Combinations in the Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the United States. Current trials are focusing on the integration of novel therapeutic agents into current non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment paradigms. Bortezomib, a small-molecule proteasome inhibitor, has single-agent activity in NSCLC and in combination with agents commonly used in NSCLC. This article will review the rationale and preclinical data supporting bortezomib combinations and the clinical trials with bortezomib alone and in combination in NSCLC to date.
Puberty and gonadal hormones: role in adolescent-typical behavioral alterations.

Abstract This article is part of a Special Issue “Puberty and Adolescence”. Adolescence is characterized by a variety of behavioral alterations, including elevations in novelty-seeking and experimentation with alcohol and other drugs of abuse. Some adolescent-typical neurobehavioral alterations may depend upon pubertal rises in gonadal hormones, whereas others may be unrelated to puberty. Using a variety of approaches, studies in laboratory animals have not revealed clear relationships between pubertal-related changes and adolescent- or adult-typical behaviors that are not strongly sexually dimorphic. Data reviewed suggest surprisingly modest influences of gonadal hormones on alcohol intake, alcohol preference and novelty-directed behaviors. Gonadectomy in males (but not females) increased ethanol intake in adulthood following surgery either pre-pubertally or in adulthood, with these increases in intake largely reversed by testosterone replacement in adulthood, supporting an activational role of androgens in moderating ethanol intake in males. In contrast, neither pre-pubertal nor adult gonadectomy influenced sensitivity to the social inhibitory or aversive effects of ethanol when indexed via conditioned taste aversions, although gonadectomy at either age altered the microstructure of social behavior of both males and females. Unexpectedly, the pre-pubertal surgical manipulation process itself was found to increase later ethanol intake, decrease sensitivity to ethanol's social inhibitory effects, attenuate novelty-directed behavior and lower social motivation, with gonadal hormones being necessary for these long-lasting effects of early surgical perturbations.
The effect of neonatal hyperoxia on sexual arousal and emotionality in the male rat

Abstract Neonatal hyperoxia was studied as a method of provoking behavioural disturbances in animals because of its possible connection with adaptive deficiencies observed in premature human infants who had been exposed to excessive O 2 at birth. The sexual responsiveness and emotionality of adult rats was measured after they had been subjected to hyperoxia for 10 days after birth. These Ss were found to be less sexually responsive (longer mount latencies and smaller percentage of mounters) and more emotional (more defecation in the open field apparatus, larger adrenals, and smaller body weights) than untreated controls. Two other control groups of blinded and blinded plus O 2 treated Ss yielded comparable patterns to the O 2 group. These findings were interpreted to indicate that neonatal hyperoxia could be a potent influence on some aspects of adaptive behaviour and that at least one of its consequences was to establish long term stress factors which were apparently also introduced by the other treatments.
Label-Free Biosensors for Cell Biology

Label-free biosensors for studying cell biology have finally come of age. Recent developments have advanced the biosensors from low throughput and high maintenance research tools to high throughput and low maintenance screening platforms. In parallel, the biosensors have evolved from an analytical tool solely for molecular interaction analysis to powerful platforms for studying cell biology at the whole cell level. This paper presents historical development, detection principles, and applications in cell biology of label-free biosensors. Future perspectives are also discussed.
Divertor operation in the Princeton Reference Design Model Tokamak Reactor

Abstract Projected operation of the poloidal field divertor is described for the Princeton Reference Design Tokamak Reactor. A relatively cold plasma blanket will form outside the separatrix and will constitute a thermal connection between the hot plasma and the exhaust chamber. The plasma blanket is expected to be a good absorber of slow neutrals. Simple one-dimensional models of the diverted plasma provide estimates of the plasma density distribution and particle flux to the walls. Recycling of particles with the divertor walls may amount to ten times the particle throughput of the reactor. The magnetic field configuration is also discssed.
Effects of blackberries on motor and cognitive function in aged rats

The polyphenolics in fruits and vegetables, when fed to rats from 19-21 months of age, have been shown to retard and even reverse age-related decrements in motor and cognitive performance. These effects may be the result of the polyphenols increasing antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory levels, or by direct effects on signaling, in the brain. Increased dietary intake of berry fruit, in particular, has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. Thus, the present study examined a 2% blackberry-supplemented diet for its effectiveness in reversing age-related deficits in behavioral and neuronal function when fed to aged (19-month-old) Fischer 344 rats for 8 weeks. The results showed that the blackberry diet improved motor performance on three tasks which rely on balance and co-ordination: the accelerating rotarod, wire suspension, and the small plank walk. Results for the Morris water maze showed that the blackberry-fed rats had significantly greater working, or short-term, memory performance than the control rats. These data support our previous investigations in which we have seen improved motor and cognitive performance in aged rats after supplementation with other berry fruits.
Assessment of different learning styles in graduate medical education

INTRODUCTION: The ACGME has mandated 16 hour duty periods for interns starting July 2011. The ACGME also mandates that interns must have 8 hours and should have 10 hours free of duty between duty periods. Residents after PGY-1 have a maximum duty period of 24 hours. Thus, interns work shorter periods and asymmetric schedules with the rest of the program. The effect of these mandates on the academic curriculum of interns has not been studied.The ACGME 16 hour intern duty period will lead to significant reduction in intern attendance at lectures.
The Planning Profession and Blacks in the United States: A Content Analysis of Academic and Professional Literature

One way to test an academic discipline's commitment to social justice in a multicultural society is to examine its literature's attention to the unique characteris tics and needs of a particular disadvantaged group. This paper examines the planning literature in regard to one disadvantaged group—black Americans. Journal of the American Planning Association, Urban Affairs Quarterly, and Planning are analyzed for five- year periods beginning in 1955 and running through 1989. After a summary of findings, this paper identifies pertinent planning-related issues that are affecting blacks now and will continue to do so into the next century. Measures to enhance the profession's sensitivity to these issues and thereby mitigate negative impacts will also be mentioned.
Simulation of radar scattering from electrically large objects under tree canopies

A model is developed to investigate the scattering behavior of hard targets embedded inside a forest canopy, at high frequencies. Wave penetration through, and scattering from, a forest canopy is calculated, using a coherent scattering model which makes use of realistic tree structures (Yi-Cheng Lin and Sarabandi, K., IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol.37, p.440-51, 1999). A physical optics (PO) approximation is used to estimate the equivalent current on an electrically large, perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) object, located above a ground plane and under a tree canopy. In this model, the reciprocity theorem is used effectively in order to derive the backscattering from the target above the ground plane, and also to calculate the interaction of the target scattered field with the foliage.
Alcohol-impaired driving behavior and sensation-seeking disposition in a college population receiving routine care at campus health services centers

Accidents stemming from alcohol-impaired driving are the leading cause of injury and death among college students. Research has implicated certain driver personality characteristics in the majority of these motor vehicle crashes. Sensation seeking in particular has been linked to risky driving, alcohol consumption, and driving while intoxicated. This study investigated the effect of sensation seeking on self-reported alcohol-impaired driving behavior in a college student population while adjusting for demographics, residence and drinking locations. A total of 1587 college students over the age of 18 completed a health screening survey while presenting for routine, non-urgent care at campus heath services centers. Student demographics, living situation, most common drinking location, heavy episodic drinking, sensation-seeking disposition and alcohol-impaired driving behavior were assessed. Using a full-form logistic regression model to isolate sensation seeking after adjusting for covariates, sensation seeking remains a statistically significant independent predictor of alcohol-impaired driving behavior (OR=1.52; CI=1.19-1.94; p<0.001). Older, white, sensation-seeking college students who engage in heavy episodic drinking, live off-campus, and go to bars are at highest risk for alcohol-impaired driving behaviors. Interventions should target sensation seekers and environmental factors that mediate the link between sensation seeking and alcohol-impaired driving behaviors.
Logistical Considerations for Endoscopy Simulators

Training methodology in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has not changed substantially during the past several decades. For the most part, the ‘‘see one, do one, teach one’’ model used in medical and surgical training holds true for training in endoscopy, with the initial experience in invasive procedures occurring through hands-on training as part of direct patient care [1,2]. Available evidence suggests that operator inexperience correlates with decreased patient satisfaction, prolonged procedure times, and increased procedure-related complications. In many cases, however, even the trainee’s first endoscopic procedure is performed on bona-fide patients in real-life clinical settings [3–7]. In the current era of heightened patient expectations, quality-control guidelines, and an increasingly litigious society, the tensions and fears of trainee physicians learning invasive procedures and of their permissive but often apprehensive patients have never been greater [8]. These concerns led to interest in the use of simulators for training in GI endoscopy more than 30 years ago. The use of endoscopy simulators allows the trainee to acquire hands-on experience in basic and advanced techniques of endoscopy in settings that simulate real-life intraluminal conditions with increasing accuracy without subjecting humans to the limited technical skills of the endoscopy trainee. As the role of endoscopy as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality continues to expand rapidly, endoscopy simulators are also certain to play a greater and evolving role in the instruction of trainees and of experienced endoscopists in the application of novel endoscopic devices and advanced techniques. During the last several decades, a number of models have been used to simulate GI endoscopy in humans, including completely synthetic models (plastic mannequins and rubber or latex models of the upper GI tract and
Can succinylcholine be used safely in hyperkalemic patients

The use of succinylcholine in hyperkalemic patients (serum potassium >5.5 mEq/L) is often viewed as relatively contraindicated, although there are no systematic data to define what preoperative potassium level is safe. We retrospectively reviewed more than 40,000 general anesthetics administered over 70 mo in which succinylcholine was given at the induction. This search yielded 38 patients with a preoperative potassium of 5.6 mEq/L or greater. Survival of the anesthetic was 100%, and no dysrhythmias or other major morbidity were documented upon manual review of the intraoperative automated record keeper charts or the patient medical records. These data allow a 95% confidence interval assessment of maximal risk for an event of 7.9%, which is not negligible, but which almost certainly grossly overestimates the risk for patients with moderately increased potassium levels. A prospective trial to definitively assess the safety margin for succinylcholine use in hyperkalemic patients would be difficult. Therefore, these data, taken in the context of a compelling case for rapid intubating conditions without long-term paralysis, suggest safety in succinylcholine use in patients with modest hyperkalemia.
Coexistence of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits with nNOS in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rat.

Abstract We previously showed that most neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-containing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) contain NMDAR1, the fundamental subunit for functional N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Likewise, we found that almost all nNOS-containing neurons in the NTS contain GluR1, the calcium permeable AMPA receptor subunit. These data suggest that AMPA and NMDA receptors may colocalize in NTS neurons that contain nNOS. However, other investigators have suggested that non-NMDA receptors are located primarily on second-order neurons and NMDA receptors are located predominantly on higher-order neurons in NTS. We now seek to test the hypothesis that NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors and nNOS are colocalized in NTS cells. We performed triple fluorescent immunohistochemical staining of nNOS, NMDAR1 and GluR1, and performed confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of the NTS. The distributions of nNOS immunoreactivity (IR), NMDAR1-IR and GluR1-IR in the NTS were similar to those we reported earlier. Superimposed images revealed that almost all NMDAR1-IR cells contained GluR1-IR and almost all GluR1-IR cells contained NMDAR1-IR. Some double-labeled cells were additionally labeled for nNOS-IR. All nNOS-IR neurons contained both GluR1-IR and NMDAR1-IR. These studies support our hypothesis that NMDA and AMPA receptors are colocalized in NTS neurons and are consistent with a role of both types of ionotropic receptors in transmission of afferent signals in NTS. In addition, these data provide support for an anatomical link between ionotropic glutamate receptors and nitric oxide in the NTS.
Conservativeness in Rejection of the Null Hypothesis when Using the Continuity Correction in the MH Chi-Square Test in DIF Applications.

Conservative bias in rejection of a null hypothesis from using the continuity correction in the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure was examined through simulation in a differential item functioning (DIF) investigation context in which statistical testing uses a prespecified level α for the decision on an item with respect to DIF. The standard MH chi-square test or continuity-corrected MH chi-square test consistently showed a conservative nature across different sample sizes and different significance levels in rejecting the null (No DIF) and non-null (DIF) conditions, especially in small samples. Two alternative testing approaches, the uncorrected MH chi-square and the MH delta-based z test, both showed proper control of Type I error probabilities and better power than the continuity-corrected MH chi-square test. In hypothesis testing for DIF investigations with small sample sizes, either the uncorrected MH chi-square or the MH delta-based z test is recommended rather than the continuity-corrected MH chi-squa...
A combination of RNase H (rnh) and recBCD or sbcB mutations in Escherichia coli K12 adversely affects growth.

Colony forming ability of Escherichia coli strains carrying the rnh-339::cat mutant allele is strongly dependent on the recBCD and sbcB genes. A mutation inactivating either the RecBCD nuclease or exonuclease I (sbcB) is sufficient to restrict severely the efficiency of plating of strains carrying the rnh-339::cat mutation. Combining a non-lethal temperature-sensitive mutation in the RecBCD nuclease, recB270 (Ts) or recC271 (Ts), with rnh-339::cat renders strains temperature sensitive for growth, even though rnh + strains with the recB270 (Ts) or recC271 (Ts) alleles are viable at 42‡ C. The recombinational functions of the RecBCD nuclease can be excluded as the source of lethality on the basis of the following observations. Introduction of a recombination proficient, exonuclease defective recD1009 allele or production of the phage λ GamS protein (an inhibitor of the RecBCD exonuclease activity) in an rnh-339::cat strain dramatically delays or impairs the ability of such strains to form colonies. Restoration of recombination proficiency by inclusion of an sbcB15 mutation with recB21 recC22 mutations does not restore the ability of the rnh-339::cat mutant strains to plate normally. A recBCD + strain bearing the rnh-339::cat and sbcB15 mutations forms very few visible colonies after 24 h but forms colonies at normal frequencies after 48 h of incubation. Finally, plating efficiencies of strains are unaffected when the RecBCD recombination pathway is inactivated by introduction of recA56 into an rnh-339::cat strain. These results imply that the defective growth of rnh-339::cat recBCD strains is due to a defect in repair and not recombination mediated by either the RecBCD or the RecF pathway.
Staple Line Reinforcement Reduces Postoperative Pancreatic Stump Leak After Distal Pancreatectomy

Pancreatic stump leak is the major source of morbidity after stapled distal pancreatectomy. We hypothesized that reinforcement of the stapler system with a buttress mat can improve leak rates when compared to standard stapling alone. We performed 13 consecutive distal pancreatectomies using our reinforced stapler system, forming our experimental group. A historical control group was composed of 18 patients undergoing stapled pancreatic closure without reinforcement. The main outcome measure was pancreatic leak in the postoperative period. Pancreatic leaks included fistulas and fluid collections (sterile or infected). Hospital length of stay was recorded as a secondary measure. Postoperative pancreatic leak rate was zero in the experimental group, but 39% in the control group (P = 0.025). Development of a pancreatic leak resulted in prolonged hospital stays: 13.6 vs 8.3 days (P < 0.03). We conclude that staple line reinforcement is a simple and effective method of reducing pancreatic stump leakage after distal pancreatectomy. The economic impact of lower leak rates is reflected in significantly shorter hospital stays. The results of our study should be validated in a randomized controlled trial.
Islamic theology of Christian‐Muslim relations

Abstract As Islam becomes an important source for re‐assessing modern international order it needs to engage in a dialogue with its normative tradition to retrieve a relevant theology for the twenty‐first century. This paper undertakes that intellectual dialogue to evaluate the available concepts and ideas within the Islamic tradition and assess them critically to show whether they can become substantial resources for Christian‐Muslim relations in the twenty‐first century. The conclusion of the paper is that unless Muslim thinkers are willing to recognize the necessity to go beyond the epistemes provided in the classical sources, Islam will continue to remain unresponsive to the emerging pluralism in the global community today.