cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and chiral HPLC analysis of the dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans, larreatricins, 8′-epi-larreatricins, 3,3′-didemethoxyverrucosins and meso-3,3′-didemethoxynectandrin B in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata): evidence for regiospecific control of coupling

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) lignans are linked via 8–8′ bonds, with the simplest apparently being E-p-anol derived. Of the latter, four of the six theoretically possible diastereoisomers were isolated, namely (−)-larreatricin, (−)-8′-epi-larreatricin, meso-3,3′-didemethoxynectandrin B and the new compounds, (+)- and (−)-3,3′-didemethoxyverrucosins. Following synthesis of each in either racemic or meso form, and chiral HPLC separation of the antipodes of the racemates, it was established that naturally occurring (−)-larreatricin and (−)-8′-epi-larreatricin were present in 92 and 98% enantiomeric excess, respectively, whereas 3,3′-didemethoxyverrucosin was essentially racemic and 3,3′-didemethoxynectandrin B was in the meso-form. The evidence suggests that formation of these lignans occurs under regiospecific, rather than stereoselective, coupling control. This contrasts with laccase-catalyzed “random” coupling of E-p-anol in vitro which generates the corresponding racemic 8–8′, 8–3′ and 8–O–4′ linked dimeric moieties.
A dense family of well-behaved finite monogenerated left-distributive groupoids

We construct a family \(\fancyscript{F}\), indexed by five integer parameters, of finite monogenerated left-distributive (LD) groupoids with the property that every finite monogenerated LD groupoid is a quotient of a member of \(\fancyscript{F}\). The combinatorial abundance of finite monogenerated LD groupoids is encoded in the congruence lattices of the groupoids \(\fancyscript{F}\), which we show to be extremely large.
Heterologous Complementation by Geminivirus AL2 and AL3 Genes

The geminivirus group is diverse and contains viruses which can be placed into three distinct subgroups on the basis of their genome organization and biological properties. However, most dicot-infecting gemiviruses possess AL1, AL2, and AL3 open reading frames. AL1 encodes the only viral protein that is absolutely required for replication, AL2 codes for a protein that transactivates the expression of virion sense promoters, and AL3 specifies a protein that enhances viral DNA replication. In the studies presented here, we examined the functional specificity of the AL1, AL2, and AL3 specifies gene products of subgroup II and subgroup III geminiviruses. Surprisingly, we found that all viruses tested were able to produce a gene product which complemented the reduced DNA replication phenotype of a tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) AL3 mutant. We also found that all bipartite subgroup III viruses tested produced a protein that could transactivate the virion sense promoters of a TGMV AL2 mutant, although a subgroup II virus did not. In contrast, the replication activity of AL1 protein proved to be virus specific. The data are discussed with regard to the functions of these proteins in viral replication and their practical significance for the development of crop protection strategies.
Differences in the hypothermic response to ethanol in rats selectively bred for oral ethanol preference and nonpreference

The duration of retention of tolerance to ethanol was tested in the alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats lines, using ethanol-induced hypothermia as a measure of tolerance. Rats received two injections of ethanol (3.5 g/kg) body wt, IP) and the time between the injections was 1, 2, or 3 days. When one day separated the two injections, tolerance to the hypothermic effect of a second “test” injection was found in both lines. When 2 or 3 days separated the two injections, the P line showed a loss of tolerance and the NP line showed sensitization to ethanol. Sensitization in the NP line grew stronger when the interval between injections was increased from 2 to 3 days. The duration of retention of tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia in the P line was shorter than has previously been reported for motor impairment in this line. It appears that the duration of tolerance retention in the P line depends on the test used to measure tolerance. Sensitization to ethanol in the NP line may be associated with low oral ethanol intake.
Arizona Salado turquoise: source studies with proton-induced X-ray emission and X-ray diffraction

We compare the composition of turquoise source materials from Arizona to prehistoric blue-green stone artifacts recovered from Salado platform mounds (ca. AD 1275-1450) in the Tonto Basin of Central Arizona. Turquoise samples from known source areas in Arizona including Kingman, Castle Dome, in the Globe- Miami area are compare with others that may have been potential sources of turquoise artifacts recovered from the Salado platform mounds. The complementary techniques of proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical signatures are used for nondestructive characterisation of both source area samples and archaeological artifacts. The results of the source area sample characterisations are compared quantitatively with the results of archaeological samples, which are evaluated in terms of their likelihood of being from each of the regional sources. The combination of mineralogical and chemical data to identify source materials provides a more thorough identification of the complex variations within turquoise related materials that may not be distinguished by visual inspection. The PIXE and XRD analysis are compared using a set of multivariate statistics including principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. Additionally, a set of Munsell colour charts specifically for the blue-green range of colours is used to objectively qualify colour in comparison to chemical and mineralogical signatures, as colour alone is not a reliable indicator of composition. The results provide objective data to assess directionality of procurement of turquoise and regional social and economic ties to better understand Salado regional connections during this dynamic period in the American Southwest.
A Meta-analysis of Lung Cancer Gene Expression Identifies PTK7 as a Survival Gene in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and it continues to lack effective treatment. The increasingly large and diverse public databases of lung cancer gene expression constitute a rich source of candidate oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets. To define novel targets for lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), we conducted a large scale meta-analysis of genes specifically overexpressed in ADC. We identified an eleven-gene signature that was overexpressed consistently in ADC specimens relative to normal lung tissue. Six genes in this signature were specifically overexpressed in ADC relative to other subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among these genes was the little studied protein tyrosine kinase PTK7. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that PTK7 is highly expressed in primary ADC patient samples. RNAi-mediated attenuation of PTK7 decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in a subset of ADC cell lines. Further, loss of PTK7 activated the MKK7-JNK stress response pathway and impaired tumor growth in xenotransplantation assays. Our work defines PTK7 as a highly and specifically expressed gene in ADC and a potential therapeutic target in this subset of NSCLC.
Aspergillus versicolor, a New Causative Agent of Canine Disseminated Aspergillosis

Disseminated aspergillosis in dogs has been associated with Aspergillus terreus or A. deflectus infection. We report a case of disseminated A. versicolor infection presenting as diskospondylitis, osteomyelitis, and pyelonephritis. The diagnosis was made based on clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings. The etiologic agent was identified by fungal culture and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. This is the first description of canine aspergillosis caused by A. versicolor.
Detection of NO in a Methane-Air, Steady, Flat Flame with CO2/N2 Seeded Using Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing and Laser-Induced Fluorescence

In this study, a steady, premixed, rich (φ=1.25), methane/air flat flame at atmospheric pressure with dilution is used to compare LIF and DFWM and evaluate their response to collisional quenching. The dilution is either pure nitrogen or pure carbon dioxide. The dilution is chosen so that the NO levels and temperature are the same for each stoichiometric ratio in the probed zone, while concentrations of quenching species change significantly. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are, respectively, strong and mild quenchers. In addition, DFWM and LIF signals can be obtained simultaneously at the expense of a complicated optical setup (compared to LIF alone) and DFWM can successfully be employed to correct collisional quenching effects. It was found that errors in NO concentration can reach 20% due to differential line quenching for commonly employed LIF configurations. The experimental results were also compared to a simple numerical analysis where it was shown that the for rich, methane flames the GRI 3.0 kinetic mechanism is inaccurate in predicting NO concentrations.
Aging and the remembering of text.

Abstract A meta-analysis was performed on the published research literature comparing younger and older adults on their learning and retention of text. A total of 194 studies were located, and 1385 effect sizes were computed. Statistical tests then were performed on subclassifications of variables that were hypothesized to be associated with age differences. A statistically significant age deficit was evident in all comparisons and subclassifications. However, the size of the age difference varied as a function of the nature of the learners being compared, the nature of the text passages, the instructions provided to learners, procedural variables at the time of presentation of the texts, procedural variables at the time of testing, and the nature of the scoring procedures.
Significance of color Doppler M-mode scanline orientation in the non-invasive assessment of intraventricular pressure gradients

The one dimension Euler equation has been applied to estimate diastolic transvalvular and intraventricular pressure differences from color Doppler M-mode echocardiographic spatiotemporal velocity distributions in an animal model. An assumption mode in applying this fluid dynamics principle is that the ultrasound scanline closely approximates an inflow streamline. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of scanline alignment for pressure gradient estimation using computational models derived from cross-sectional echocardiographic geometry. Pressure gradients computed from M-mode scanlines velocity distributions using the Euler equation were compared with the results of the simulations and demonstrate a strong correlation with the simulated pressure gradients within the central 60% of the mitral valve (r=0.95, MSE=0.2 mmHg). Clinical investigations utilizing this noninvasive approach should not be effected by the precise alignment of the scanline with an inflow streamline.
Modern concurrency abstractions for C

Polyphonic Cs is an extension of the Cs language with new asynchronous concurrency constructs, based on the join calculus. We describe the design and implementation of the language and give examples of its use in addressing a range of concurrent programming problems.
Course Redesign Based on the Quality Matters Program: Examples of Before and After.

Most universities continue to expand their online course offerings because there is strong demand for such educational opportunities. However, the quality of instruction for online courses continues to be a concern. The Quality Matters (QM) Program provides a set of research-based standards that can guide the redesign of a course and can be used as a rubric to evaluate a course. This paper shows the transition of one course as it was redesigned based on the QM standards. Specific examples of “before” and “after content are shown along with discussion of the changes made and some design issues encountered.
Isolation and partial characterization of collagen from newt tail.

Abstract 1. 1. Collagen from the newt, Triturus viridescens, has been characterized according to amino acid composition, melting temperature, migration of components on disc gel electrophoresis and formation of native and sement long spacing fibers in vitro. 2. 2. Collagens extracted both by acetic acid alone and acetic acid plus pepsin, were similar, though differences in electrophoretic migration and amino acid composition were noted. 3. 3. Newt collagen was similar to previously reported vertebrate species. 4. 4. Observed differences, in the distribution of hydroxy amino acids in newt collagen,were reflected by the melting tempeture.
Pain Duration and Resolution following Surgery: An Inception Cohort Study.

Objective Preoperative determinants of pain duration following surgery are poorly understood. We identified preoperative predictors of prolonged pain after surgery in a mixed surgical cohort. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of patients undergoing mastectomy, lumpectomy, thoracotomy, total knee replacement, or total hip replacement. We measured preoperative psychological distress and substance use, and then measured pain and opioid use after surgery until patients reported the cessation of both opioid consumption and pain. The primary endpoint was time to opioid cessation, and those results have been previously reported. Here, we report preoperative determinants of time to pain resolution following surgery in Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Between January 2007 and April 2009, we enrolled 107 of 134 consecutively approached patients undergoing the aforementioned surgical procedures. In the final multivariate model, preoperative self-perceived risk of addiction predicted more prolonged pain. Unexpectedly, anxiety sensitivity predicted more rapid pain resolution after surgery. Each one-point increase (on a four point scale) of self-perceived risk of addiction was associated with a 38% (95% CI 3–61) reduction in the rate of pain resolution ( P = 0.04). Furthermore, higher anxiety sensitivity was associated with an 89% (95% CI 23–190) increased rate of pain resolution ( P = 0.004). Conclusions Greater preoperative self-perceived risk of addiction, and lower anxiety sensitivity predicted a slower rate of pain resolution following surgery. Each of these factors was a better predictor of pain duration than preoperative depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, past substance use, fear of pain, gender, age, preoperative pain, or preoperative opioid use.
A Portable Eddy Covariance System for the Measurement of Ecosystem–Atmosphere Exchange of CO2, Water Vapor, and Energy

Abstract To facilitate the study of flux heterogeneity within a region, the authors have designed and field-tested a portable eddy covariance system to measure exchange of CO2, water vapor, and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. The combination of instrumentation used in this system allows high precision flux measurements without requiring on-site infrastructure such as prepositioned towers or line power. In addition, the system contains sensors to measure a suit of soil, climatic, and energy-related parameters that are needed to quality control the fluxes and to characterize the flux footprint. The physical design and instrument packaging used in the system allows for simple transport (fits in a standard minivan) and for rapid deployment with a minimal number of field personnel (usually less than a day for one person). The power requirement for the entire system (instruments and data loggers) is less than 35 W, which is provided by a companion solar power system. Side-by-side field compa...
Is there clinical value in measuring suPAR levels in FSGS

FSGS is a podocyte-derived glomerular disease characterized by marked proteinuria, often coupled with steroid resistance, hypertension, and high probability for progression to renal failure. It is a heterogeneous disorder that can present as a primary disorder of unknown etiology. A number of
When western epistemology and an indigenous worldview meet: Culturally responsive assessment in practice

There exists a natural tension between standards-based assessment and a multicultural perspective of assessment. The purpose of this paper was to examine issues of culturally-sensitive assessment, specifically within the context of preparing a female American Indian doctoral candidate in Educational Leadership. How does an instructor with a Western worldview fairly evaluate a research topic proposal written from an Indigenous paradigm? A case study design bounded by a single assignment and the instructor's reflections of that assignment provided the context for examination. When the instructor and the student operate from different worldviews, there is a mismatch in expectations. Criteria for evaluating a student's understanding from an alternative perspective need to be explored.
Dietary Cholesterol from Eggs Increases Plasma HDL Cholesterol in Overweight Men Consuming a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet

Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRD) significantly decrease body weight and independently improve plasma triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Increasing intake of dietary cholesterol from eggs in the context of a low-fat diet maintains the LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C for both hyper- and hypo-responders to dietary cholesterol. In this study, 28 overweight/obese male subjects (BMI = 25-37 kg/m2) aged 40-70 y were recruited to evaluate the contribution of dietary cholesterol from eggs in a CRD. Subjects were counseled to consume a CRD (10-15% energy from carbohydrate) and they were randomly allocated to the EGG group [intake of 3 eggs per day (640 mg/d additional dietary cholesterol)] or SUB group [equivalent amount of egg substitute (0 dietary cholesterol) per day]. Energy intake decreased in both groups from 10,243 +/- 4040 to 7968 +/- 2401 kJ (P < 0.05) compared with baseline. All subjects irrespective of their assigned group had reduced body weight and waist circumference (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the plasma TG concentration was reduced from 1.34 +/- 0.66 to 0.83 +/- 0.30 mmol/L after 12 wk (P < 0.001) in all subjects. The plasma LDL-C concentration, as well as the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio, did not change during the intervention. In contrast, plasma HDL-C concentration increased in the EGG group from 1.23 +/- 0.39 to 1.47 +/- 0.38 mmol/L (P < 0.01), whereas HDL-C did not change in the SUB group. Plasma glucose concentrations in fasting subjects did not change. Eighteen subjects were classified as having the metabolic syndrome (MetS) at the beginning of the study, whereas 3 subjects had that classification at the end. These results suggest that including eggs in a CRD results in increased HDL-C while decreasing the risk factors associated with MetS.
Production of Tc-99m from naturally occurring molybdenum absent uranium

Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is the world's most widely used medical isotope. Current production methods involve the irradiation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and low enriched uranium (LEU) targets in nuclear reactors. Molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) is then extracted from these targets, which decays to Tc-99m. Currently, this process is centralized, as there are very few companies that manufacture Mo-99. In an effort to eradicate the need for uranium to produce this medical isotope, naturally occurring molybdenum was studied to produce Mo-99. Preliminary testing at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory included irradiating naturally occurring Mo coupons for varying amounts of time using a D-T neutron generator producing 1.5×108 n/sec to produce Mo-99. Exploiting this technique, Tc-99m was successfully produced. Proof of principle testing is also underway to confirm the ability to produce Mo-99 from Mo-100 using high-energy gamma rays. Future work consists of creating a mobile device that is able to produce Tc-99m on demand, allowing for a distributed system of the medical isotope in hospitals and radio pharmacies worldwide.
Middle Eocene dike swarms and their relation to contemporaneous plutonism, volcanism, core-complex mylonitization, and graben subsidence, Okanogan Highlands, Washington

Sheeted porphyry dike swarms are concentrated along and parallel to the margins of the Republic and Keller grabens in northeast Washington. They were emplaced during graben subsidence and, in part, during mylonitization of the Kettle and Okanogan domes (core complexes) above the transition into the brittle deformation zone during Eocene regional extension. The swarms consist of older high-K biotite rhyolite and younger high-K hornblende dacite and andesite dikes. The biotite rhyolite is correlative with the basal O'Brien Creek Formation now exposed in the grabens but has no documented plutonic equivalent in the adjacent Colville batholith. The hornblende dacite and andesite dikes (Scatter Creek Formation) are divided into (1) a low-Zr, low-K{sub 2}O type that fed the lower part of the Sanpoil Volcanics and (2) a high-Zr, hig-K{sub 2}O type that fed the upper part of the Sanpoil Volcanics, respectively. The Scatter Creek Formation dikes are the hypabyssal equivalents of both the Devils Elbow intrusive suite and the earlier phases of the Herron Creek intrusive suite in the Colville batholith. The occurrencd of the dike swarms both within and adjacent to grabens filled with comagmatic volcanic rocks demonstrates that the graben fill was deposited in situ during regional extension and ismore » not an allochthonous fault block transported to its present location during regional compression.« less
Psychometric evaluation of an online and paper accidental bowel leakage questionnaire: The ICIQ‐B questionnaire

Aims To evaluate the psychometric properties of an online versus paper US-English version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Bowel (ICIQ-B). Methods The ICIQ-B includes 17 items under 3 domains: bowel pattern (5 items), bowel control (7 items), and quality of life (5 items). We recruited community-dwelling adults seeking treatment for ≥monthly bowel leakage from specialty clinics within a VA medical center and university affiliate. An online versus paper version was evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks later, and 3 months after nonsurgical treatments per usual care. We assessed test-retest reliability (Pearson correlations) at 2 weeks, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and convergent validity (Pearson correlations). Sensitivity to change was the difference between the baseline and post-treatment (3-month) scores. Results Mean age was 58.0 ± 11.9; 36% Veterans, 52% women. At baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months, we found no differences in the online vs paper scores for the bowel control and quality of life domains. The ICIQ-B demonstrated fair internal consistency for the bowel pattern domain (Cronbach's α = 0.36–0.54). Internal consistency on the bowel pattern domain was better with the paper version than the online version at 2 weeks (P 0.80), good retest reliability (r ≥ 0.70, P < 0.001), domain-specific convergent validity for stool consistency (P < 0.05), incontinence severity (P ≤ 0.002), and quality of life impact (P < 0.05). After nonsurgical treatments, we found a reasonable response to change (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Online and paper versions had robust psychometric data for use among U.S. men and women, including Veterans. Neurourol. Urodynam. 9999:XX–XX, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drosophila doubletime Mutations Which either Shorten or Lengthen the Period of Circadian Rhythms Decrease the Protein Kinase Activity of Casein Kinase I

In both mammals and fruit flies, casein kinase I has been shown to regulate the circadian phosphorylation of the period protein (PER). This phosphorylation regulates the timing of PER's nuclear accumulation and decline, and it is necessary for the generation of circadian rhythms. In Drosophila melanogaster, mutations affecting a casein kinase I (CKI) ortholog called doubletime (dbt) can produce short or long periods. The effects of both a short-period (dbtS) and long-period (dbtL) mutation on DBT expression and biochemistry were analyzed. Immunoblot analysis of DBT in fly heads showed that both the dbtS and dbtL mutants express DBT at constant levels throughout the day. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of DBT and PER showed that wild-type DBT, DBTS, and DBTL proteins can bind to PER equivalently and that these interactions are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal part of DBT. However, both the dbtS and dbtL mutations reduced the CKI-7-sensitive kinase activity of an orthologous Xenopus laevis CKIδ expressed in Escherichia coli. Moreover, expression of DBT in Drosophila S2 cells produced a CKI-7-sensitive kinase activity which was reduced by both the dbtS and dbtL mutations. Thus, lowered enzyme activity is associated with both short-period and long-period phenotypes.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with ileostomy

Background:Vitamin D deﬁciency is commonly seen in patients with inﬂammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D deﬁciency in IBD patients with ileostomy has not been systemically studied. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and risk factors associated with low 25(OH) D3 levels in those patients.Methods:112 eligible IBD patients with ileostomy were studied. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic variables were analyzed. Vitamin D levels before and after ileostomy were compared when available. Levels of serum 25(OH)D3 <20 ng/mL were classed as being deﬁcient.Results:112 eligible ileostomy patients were included. The mean vitamin D level was 21.47 ± 1.08 ng/dl. Low levels of vitamin D (<30 ng/dl) were present in 92 patients (82%). Vitamin D deﬁciency (<20 ng/dL) was seen in 55 patients (49%). There was no difference between patients with or without vitamin D deﬁciency regarding demographic variables, medication use and duration of ileostomy. Neo-ileal inﬂammation on endoscopy was not associated with vitamin D deﬁciency (p= 0.155). Lower levels of phosphorus (p= 0.020) or hemoglobin (p= 0.019) and shorter duration of IBD (p= 0.047) were found in patients with vitamin D deﬁciency. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of phosphorus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.83, 95% conﬁdence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.89, p= 0.009) and hemoglobin (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08-1.60, p= 0.006) remained signiﬁcantly associated with vitamin D deﬁciency.Conclusion:Vitamin D deﬁciency is common in IBD patients with ileostomy and is associated with low hemoglobin levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate vitamin D supplementation as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of anemia of chronic disease in IBD patients.
Deep Sea Optical Transmissometer

TRANSMITTERFigure 1. Transmissometer AssemblyDEEP SEA OPTICAL TRANSMISSOMETERHerman K. Ruhlmann and Louis J. Free U. S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn. 06320AbstractThe requirement for an accurate optical profile of the sea from the surface to 6500meters initiated the design and construction of the Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory's deep sea trans- missometer. The instrument is a 4-meter, single- path, non-collimated, optical transmissometer capable of transmitting data to the surface by cable or automatically recording it in a self- contained package. This paper describes the design, construction, and calibration of the transmissometer and the data obtained in the North Atlantic Ocean to depths of 5100 meters.IntroductionThe Underwater Sound Laboratory's 4-meter transmissometer was designed and constructed to measure the optical transmittance of the sea to a depth of 12,000 meters in order to increase our knowledge of the optical properties of the deep ocean.As conceived, the system was required to have the following capabilities:1. Ability to measure accurately the trans- missivity of very clear sea water.2. Simplicity of operation.3. Non-critical optical alignment.4. Insensitivity to ambient light.5. Insensitivity to water temperature changes.6. Ability to withstand normal handling aboard ship at sea without loss of calibration.7. Battery powered operation.8. Signal stability for up to 6-hour periods.The final design consisted of a series of trade-offs in order that these requirements could be satisfied most completely.Transmissometer DesignThe transmissometer (see Figure 1) consists of a mounting frame 6 meters long, on which are mounted four pressureproof housings. These hous­ ings contain the receiver, recorder, transmitter, and battery pack. The housings for all but the recorder are standard E G and G housings capable of withstanding depths of 12,000 meters. The recorder housing, designed and fabricated at USL, presently limits the depth capability of the system to 7,000 meters.RECEIVERRECORDER PACKAGEBATTERY PACK Figure 1. Transmissometer Assembly
Efficacy of supplementation in filipino children.

Introduction: At present, in the absence of an anemia prevention and screening program in Barangay Vasra, this will aid in the formation of programs that would teach about this health related issue, with an intervention that could be used efficiently by the health workers at the non-government organization run center. Objective: The aim of the following study is to establish the efficacy of iron supplementation alone versus iron and ascorbic acid supplementation in improving the hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte count and red cell indices of anemic undernourished children 5-10 years of age at Lingap Center, Barangay Vasra, Quezon City. Methodology: Anemic undernourished male and female children 5-10 years of age enrolled in the Supplementary Feeding Program of Lingap Center, Barangay Vasra, Quezon City. Study Design: Prospective, experimental trial comparing two interventions-iron supplementation alone versus iron and ascorbic acid supplementation. Results: A total of 25 children participated in this study, with a majority being female at 52% (13/25) of the total. Those who received iron supplementation alone for 6 months, while there were 50% (6/12) of either sex, whereas subjects who took iron and ascorbic acid supplementation for 6 months were predominantly female at 53.85% (7/13). Data obtained before and after iron supplementation alone revealed that there was an increase among the levels of Hgb, Hct, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and reticulocyte count, with the rise statistically significant. Hematological values gained before and after iron and ascorbic acid supplementation uncovered that there was an augmentation among the levels of Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC and reticulocyte count, with the improvement statistically significant. Encompassing both interventions, the differences in findings were statistically significant in red blood cell (RBC) count, with the level progression statistically significant. Conclusion: Overall, the results were statistically significant in terms of RBC count alone. Therefore, this study demonstrated that compliance with intake of supplementation is a factor in improving the hematological parameters of these subjects. To address iron deficiency anemia, a similar endeavor may establish a system of support in Lingap Center to ensure the screening and therapeutic management of this population.
The rime‐splintering hypothesis of cumulus glaciation examined using a field‐of‐flow cloud model

A mathematical experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of unexpectedly large concentrations of ice particles in certain clouds is caused by the production of small ice particles (‘splinters’) during the riming of mother ice particles. the experiment used an axially symmetric two-dimensional field-of-flow model incorporating parameterized liquid and ice microphysics. the behaviour of clouds, growing with either wide or narrow initial droplet size distributions, with and without splintering, was simulated. Splintering criteria were based on recent laboratory data. The rapidity of liquid to ice conversion was found to be a strong, direct function of the prior presence of large liquid drops. the dynamical properties of the clouds influenced both splinter production and also the over-all glaciating characteristics regardless of the presence or absence of an ‘ice multiplication’ mechanism. Cloud condensate at levels having strong updraughts and vigorous growth was more slowly converted to ice than condensate in regions of dissipating cloud. the simulations permitting ice generation by splintering more closely duplicated pertinent observations in nature than those without splinter production. Unexpectedly, the characteristics of the liquid phase exerted substantial influence on the dynamics of the simulated clouds.
Use of the Berg Balance Test to Predict Falls in Elderly Persons

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Berg balance test could be used to predict an elderly person's risk of falling. Subjects. Sixty-six residents of two independent life-care communities, aged 69 to 94 years (X=79.2, SD=6.2), participated. Methods. Subjects completed a questionnaire pertaining to their fall history and activity level. The Berg balance test, consisting of 14 functional subtests, was then administered. Six months later, subjects again completed the questionnaire. Results. Performance of activities of daily living predicted 43% of the subjects' scores. There was a difference between the subjects who were prone to falling and those who were not prone to falling, but the test demonstrated poor sensitivity for predicting who would fall. The specificity of the test was very strong. The use of an assistive device was a strong predictor of performance on the Berg balance test. No relationship was noted between increasing age and decreasing performance on the Berg balance test. Conclusion and Discussion. Although the Berg balance test demonstrated only 53% sensitivity, the results support the test developers' use of 45 (out of 56) as a generalized cutoff score. Older adults who scored higher than the cutoff score on the test were less likely to fall than were those adults who scored below the cutoff score. Decreased scores, however, did not predict increased frequency of falls. Results must be viewed cautiously because self-report was the sole means of documenting fall history.
Ranking vs. Regression in Machine Translation Evaluation

Automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) systems is an important research topic for the advancement of MT technology. Most automatic evaluation methods proposed to date are score-based: they compute scores that represent translation quality, and MT systems are compared on the basis of these scores. We advocate an alternative perspective of automatic MT evaluation based on ranking. Instead of producing scores, we directly produce a ranking over the set of MT systems to be compared. This perspective is often simpler when the evaluation goal is system comparison. We argue that it is easier to elicit human judgments of ranking and develop a machine learning approach to train on rank data. We compare this ranking method to a score-based regression method on WMT07 data. Results indicate that ranking achieves higher correlation to human judgments, especially in cases where ranking-specific features are used.
‘Political Religion’ and the Totalitarian Departures of Inter-war Europe: On the Uses and Disadvantages of an Analytical Category

This article seeks to clarify the uses and disadvantages of the concept of ‘political religion’, which has recently returned to currency, especially to account for the liturgy and the sense of world-historical mission central to Italian fascism, German Nazism and Soviet communism. But the category leads us to inflate abiding, suprahistorical impulses at the expense of historical specificity and novelty. And by making the phenomena in question seem relatively familiar, it diverts us from the deeper challenge they constitute. Still, the objections of critics often miss dimensions that ‘political religion’ at least approximates. Essential to the requisite synthesis is a recast notion of totalitarianism, understood as a novel frame of mind leading to a new mode of collective action.
Improving Post-hospital Care for Chronically Ill Elderly Patients

■ The Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston set up a Transfer Office to develop and deliver more efficient and appropriate post-hospital care to elderly, chronically ill patients by transferring them to nursing homes that would meet their needs. To do this required opening up lines of communication with individuals and groups within the hospital, individual institutions, organizations, and governmental bodies in the community; studying the problems and transmitting information to those who can bring about change; and using the hospital's influence to foster improvement in hospital and aftercare treatment throughout the state. ■
Consistent Estimates of Very Low HIV Incidence Among People Who Inject Drugs: New York City, 2005–2014

Objectives. To compare methods for estimating low HIV incidence among persons who inject drugs.Methods. We examined 4 methods in New York City, 2005 to 2014: (1) HIV seroconversions among repeat participants, (2) increase of HIV prevalence by additional years of injection among new injectors, (3) the New York State and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stratified extrapolation algorithm, and (4) newly diagnosed HIV cases reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.Results. The 4 estimates were consistent: (1) repeat participants: 0.37 per 100 person-years (PY; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05/100 PY, 1.33/100 PY); (2) regression of prevalence by years injecting: 0.61 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.36/100 PY, 0.87/100 PY); (3) stratified extrapolation algorithm: 0.32 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.18/100 PY, 0.46/100 PY); and (4) newly diagnosed cases of HIV: 0.14 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.11/100 PY, 0.16/100 PY).Conclusions. All methods appear to capture the same phenomenon of very low ...
Obfuscating Oedipa: Lot 49, Paranoia, and Conspiracy

In a literary context, paranoia as a theme is as pervasive to the storyline of Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 (hereafter, Lot 49) as it is to American history. The obfuscation that comprises the protagonist Oedipa Maas’s investigation into the possible existence of a secret postal group reflects not only the sentiments of a generation fraught with conspiracy theories and mass paranoia, but also, as the social sciences point out, how paranoia is a very real aspect of the way we approach rationality.
On the Stress Analysis of Cylindrically Wound Packages: The Case of a Warp Beam1

The state of stress in a warp beam is investigated through continuum (isotropic and anisotropic) models. Beddoe's [2] model (cylindrically anisotropic) is found to give an acceptable description. T...
Addiction history associates with the propensity to form habits

Learned habitual responses to environmental stimuli allow efficient interaction with the environment, freeing cognitive resources for more demanding tasks. However, when the outcome of such actions is no longer a desired goal, established stimulus-response S-R associations or habits must be overcome. Among people with substance use disorders SUDs, difficulty in overcoming habitual responses to stimuli associated with their addiction in favor of new, goal-directed behaviors contributes to relapse. Animal models of habit learning demonstrate that chronic self-administration of drugs of abuse promotes habitual responding beyond the domain of compulsive drug seeking. However, whether a similar propensity toward domain-general habitual responding occurs in humans with SUDs has remained unclear. To address this question, we used a visuomotor S-R learning and relearning task, the Hidden Association between Images Task, which employs abstract visual stimuli and manual responses. This task allows us to measure new S-R association learning and well-learned S-R association execution and includes a response contingency change manipulation to quantify the degree to which responding is habit-based, rather than goal-directed. We find that people with SUDs learn new S-R associations as well as healthy control participants do. Moreover, people with an SUD history slightly outperform controls in S-R execution. In contrast, people with SUDs are specifically impaired in overcoming well-learned S-R associations; those with SUDs make a significantly greater proportion of perseverative errors during well-learned S-R replacement, indicating the more habitual nature of their responses. Thus, with equivalent training and practice, people with SUDs appear to show enhanced domain-general habit formation.
Photoelastic strain gages: Application of photoelastic principle leads to development of new techniques for strain and stress analysis of structural parts

New photoelastic strain gages are described which are self-contained and give an accurate direct indication of magnitudes and directions of principal stresses. Large numbers of gages may be observed simultaneously and critical areas of members may be readily located.
Supermode Noise Correlation of Harmonically Modelocked Lasers

Two types of supermode noise, uncorrelated and correlated, are demonstrated for two different types of harmonically modelocked lasers. The correlated supermode noise is originated from the excitation of multiple correlated optical supermodes.
Effects of GA4 and GA7 on flower bud formation and russet development on apple

G A4+7 and G A4 substantially reduced russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples in four years; GA4 was slightly more effective than GA4+7. The effect of gibberellins on flowering was variable and not always related to crop load the previous year. GA4 increased flowering in one experiment, had no influence in two experiments, and inhibited flowering in two experiments. GA7 either inhibited flowering or had no effect. In some instances G A4 partially reversed the inhibitory effect that GA7 had on flowering. Both GA4 and GA7 inhibited return bloom on Redspur ‘Delicious’, although GA7 inhibited flowering more severely. GA4 did not modify the effect of GA7 on flowering when the two gibberellins were applied in combination.
Bioinspired Oxidative Aromatizations: One-Pot Syntheses of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Pyridines by Aerobic Organocatalysis

Heteroaromatic structures are abundant in bioactive natural products, medicines, and other functional materials. Oxidative aromatization is a common method for preparing heteroaromatic species from simple building blocks. A bioinspired method was developed using robust flavin mimics as organocatalysts that perform O2-fueled oxidations of 1,4-dihydropyridines to pyridines and benzothiazolines to benzothiazoles in high yields (>95%) and purity at ambient temperature in methanol. The efficient oxidative aromatizations facilitated one-pot multicomponent syntheses of pyridines (from various aldehydes, dicarbonyl compounds, and ammonium acetate, in yields ranging from 35 to 95%) and benzothiazoles (from 2-aminothiophenol and various aldehydes, in 78–95% yield) without metals or reactive stoichiometric oxidants. For most substrates, neutral conditions were effective. Hindered 4-substituted dihydropyridines that oxidized slowly were accelerated by selection of more electrophilic flavin catalysts and the addition ...
Predictors of Bully Victimization in Students With Disabilities A Longitudinal Examination Using a National Data Set

Longitudinal data from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS) national data set were used to examine risk of bully victimization in a sample of 4,155 students in special educat...
Clinical analysis of 24 children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Objective To identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) in children and improve its diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective and followup study was conducted in 24 children with ADEM to summarize the characteristics of clinical features,laboratory results,treatment and prognosis.Results Prodromal infection and vaccination were found in 14 ADEM patients(62.5%).Neurological symptoms were various.Results of cereospinal fluid(CSF) routine examination were abnormal in 15 cases(62.5%).IgG index was performed in 20 cases and increased in 13 cases(65%).Oligoclonal bands in CSF were positive in 8 cases(40%).Twenty(20) of 22 cases(90.91%) had abnormal magnetic resonance image and 3 cases with normal computerized tomographic scans.Electroencephalogram was abnormal in 20 of 24 cases(83.33%).All patients were treated with corticosteroid and 14 who received additional intravenous immunoglobulin had a better result.Twelve cases were followed-up from 6 months to 9 years,with multiple sclerosis in 2 cases and no relapse in 10 cases.Conclusions ADEM was an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.CSF and magnetic resonance image examination were helpful to establish the diagnosis.Good prognosis can be obtained with treatment of steroid and high dose immunoglobulin.
Insulin Resistance of Puberty

Puberty is a time of considerable metabolic and hormonal change. Notably, puberty is associated with a marked decrease in insulin sensitivity, on par with that seen during pregnancy. In otherwise healthy youth, there is a nadir in insulin sensitivity in mid-puberty, and then it recovers at puberty completion. However, there is evidence that insulin resistance (IR) does not resolve in youth who are obese going into puberty and may result in increased cardiometabolic risk. Little is known about the underlying pathophysiology of IR in puberty, and how it might contribute to increased disease risk (e.g., type 2 diabetes). In this review, we have outlined what is known about the IR in puberty in terms of pattern, potential underlying mechanisms and other mediating factors. We also outline other potentially related metabolic changes that occur during puberty, and effects of underlying insulin resistant states (e.g., obesity) on pubertal changes in insulin sensitivity.
Do prostaglandins lead to ovulation in the rabbit by stimulating proteolytic enzyme activity

Objective To determine if prostaglandins (PGs) have a direct effect on the ovarian proteolytic enzyme system by examining ultrastructure of the follicle wall and the microvasculature in the presence and absence of indomethacin and by using the isolated perfused rabbit ovary. Design Nine hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or hCG plus indomethacin, follicles were removed and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Isolated perfused rabbit ovaries were induced to ovulate with PGF 2α (100 ng/mL) in the presence and absence of tranexamic acid (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mM), a plasminogen activator inhibitor. Results The addition of indomethacin to hCG inhibited ovulation and production of PGs without affecting the follicular microvasculature. However, the changes in follicle wall architecture were less pronounced after treatment with indomethacin. Ovulatory efficiency in response to PGF 2α (the percent of follicles > 1.5 mm that ovulate) was significantly reduced ( P Conclusions These results suggest that PGs induce follicular rupture by activation of proteolytic enzymes located in the follicle wall.
Recurrent inhibition to and from motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum and flexor hallucis longus muscles of the cat.

1. Recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) to and from motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscles of the cat were investigated t...