cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scanning tunneling microscopy of the charge-density wave in orthorhombic TaS3.

Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to study the charge-density wave (CDW) in o-${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$. Above the Peierls transition temperature, ${T}_{p}$=215 K, charge modulations are observed that exhibit temporal fluctuations in modulation amplitude and periodicity. As the temperature is lowered, the fluctuations diminish and a more ordered structure is observed. Below the transition temperature the CDW superlattice forms, revealing an approximate 4${c}_{0}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10${b}_{0}$ structure in good agreement with electron diffraction experiments. In addition, each unit cell is seen to contain two uniformly distributed CDW maxima along ${b}_{0}$, suggesting that the CDW in this material is not highly localized to only two of the chains of the unit cell.
A decision theoretic approach to information retrieval

We present the file search problem in a decision-theoretic framework, and discuss a variation of it that we call the common index problem. The goal of the common index problem is to return the best available record in the file, where best is in terms of a class of user preferences. We use dynamic programming to construct an optimal algorithm using two different optimality criteria, and we develop sufficient conditions for obtaining complete information.
The effect of gender and the neurotrophin, BDNF, upon methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in mice.

Abstract The interactive effects between gender and a selective alteration in the neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) upon methamphetamine (MA)-induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) system were assessed. MA treatment produced a greater degree of NSDA neurotoxicity (indicated by greater reductions in corpus striatal dopamine levels) in wild type control BDNF male versus female mice. This sex difference was unaltered in heterozygous mutant BDNF (BDNF+/−) mice and in mice which overexpress BDNF (DBH:BDNF+). Both BDNF mutant conditions resulted in preservation of corpus striatal dopamine levels following MA treatment as compared with their respective MA-treated wild type controls. The relative amount of this preservation was greater in male BDNF mutants, with values being significantly greater than females in the BDNF+/− condition. These results suggest that alterations in BDNF do not alter basic gender differences in MA-induced NSDA neurotoxicity, but may produce a neuroprotection against MA which is relatively greater in males.
THE QUANTUM WORLD AND QUANTUM COMPUTING: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES

Some of the fundamental issues in quantum theory related to quantum computing are reviewed and discussed. Particularly emphasized is the need to be diligent in what quantum theory predicts, and what it does not. The non-intuitive features of quantum theory, that are often associated with aspects of non-locality and that also arise in quantum computing and quantum information transfer, are described. Some discussion of topological quantum computing using space-time strings is presented, as well as general notions about quantum computing.
Oxidative effects of ozone on the aging of structural silicone elastomers

The changes in the physical properties of three different commercial silicone sealants used in structural glazing applications were monitored as a function of various aging factors. The variables included, simultaneous exposure to ozone and moisture in which the pH of the moisture was maintained at discrete levels of 3 and 11. The extremes of the pH range represent recorded values for acid rain (pH = 3) and basic cleaning solutions (pH = 11), respectively. A second portion of the study involved studying the effect of loading on the sealant performance. The experimental coupons were cut from cast sheets of DC-790, DC-995, and DC-983. An Instron tester was used to measure the changes in the engineering properties such as Young's modulus, relaxation time, and ultimate tensile stress of the test samples as a function of time of exposure to the different variables. Unexposed samples, kept at ambient laboratory conditions, were used as the control. Results of these tests indicate that the Young's modulus of the samples decreases during an initial period as a result of their exposure. After this initial decrease the sample moduli showed a steady increase with time. Surface cracking was observed during the initial period, even though the moduli continued to increase. Moreover, the acid and ozone appear to act synergistically in the deterioration of the sealant. Samples exposed to the higher pH level did not show this kind of behavior. The effect of tensile loading on the sealant was significant only for DC-983, the high modulus formulation. This was perhaps because of the creation of high stress centers. The medium modulus material exhibited good resistance to the synergistic effects causing deterioration. Ozone resulted in discoloration, softening, and change in structure in the low modulus formulation. Although the ozone did not react aggressively with silicone, its slow attack or degradation should still be of concern. In spite of the use of inhibitors, severe and acute cracks appeared on the surface of the rubber material at angles of ninety degrees across the line of tension. It is hoped that these accelerated test results can lead to more informed decisions concerning silicone sealant life following their exposure to ozone and acid precipitation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Redox cycling of radical anion metabolites of toxic chemicals and drugs and the Marcus theory of electron transfer.

A wide variety of aromatic compounds are enzymatically reduced to form anion free radicals that generally contain one more electron than their parent compounds. In general, the electron donor is an...
Evidence for the Packaging of Multiple Copies of Tf1 mRNA into Particles and the trans Priming of Reverse Transcription

Long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposons and retroviruses are close relatives that possess similar mechanisms of reverse transcription. The particles of retroviruses package two copies of viral mRNA that both function as templates for the reverse transcription of the element. We studied the LTR-retrotransposon Tf1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to test whether multiple copies of transposon mRNA participate in the production of cDNA. Using the unique self-priming property of Tf1, we obtained evidence that multiple copies of Tf1 mRNA were packaged into virus-like particles. By coexpressing two distinct versions of Tf1, we found that the bulk of reverse transcription that was initiated on one mRNA template was subsequently transferred to others. In addition, the first 11 nucleotides of one mRNA were able to prime, in trans, the reverse transcription of another mRNA.
Mothers' Suffering: Sons who Died of AIDS

The discourse on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is dominated by the rational-technical language of science and biomedicine. Lost in the rigid authoritarianism of science are the voices of those who suffer with HIV and AIDS. Mothers whose sons die of AIDS are caught in this web of suffering. This article privileges the voices of these women. Three narratives of suffering are explored in detail. Narrative analysis reveals that macro- and microforces are intimately interwoven in the suffering experience. The narratives provided by these women and this study of them advance the theoretical understanding of human suffering, a concept largely ignored within the discipline of nursing. Finally, the study demonstrates that nurse-researchers and the discipline of nursing must attend to human suffering by becoming engaged in the life-worlds of patients.
A framework for the registration of color images with 3D models

This paper describes an environment to automatically or semi-automatically compute the precise mapping between a set of 2D images and a triangulated 3D model built from high-resolution 3D range data. This environment is part of our Atelier3D framework for the modeling, visualization and analysis of large sensor-based datasets. This work was done to initially support three cultural heritage application projects: the modeling of the Grotta dei Cervi in Italy, of the Erechtheion in Athens, Greece, and of Leonardo's Mona Lisa. The proposed method combines image-based registration, feature matching, robust estimation techniques and advanced multi-resolution rendering with a powerful user interface.
Explaining Demographic Group Differences in Affirmative Action Attitudes1

This research identified mediators and a moderator of the relationship between demographic category and attitudes toward affirmative action (AA). Data were collected from national samples of sociologists and business academics. The results indicate that racism, traditional attitudes toward women, and belief in the existence of gender and race discrimination in academe were significant predictors of AA attitudes. Several findings provide support for the prediction that these factors mediate the relationship between demographic group membership and AA attitudes. Additionally, male sociologists who believed they personally experienced discrimination had more negative attitudes toward AA. Perceiving personal discrimination increased support of AA among female business academics. Implications for attitude and intergroup conflict theories are discussed.
Ramsey Problems with Bounded Degree Spread

Let k be a positive integer, k ≥ 2. In this paper we study bipartite graphs G such that, for n sufficiently large, each two-coloring of the edges of the complete graph Kn gives a monochromatic copy of G, with some k of its vertices having the maximum degree of these k vertices minus the minimum degree of these k vertices (in the colored Kn) at most k − 2.
Shape and secondary structure prediction for ncRNAs including pseudoknots based on linear SVM

Accurate secondary structure prediction provides important information to undefirstafinding the tertiary structures and thus the functions of ncRNAs. However, the accuracy of the native structure derivation of ncRNAs is still not satisfactory, especially on sequences containing pseudoknots. It is recently shown that using the abstract shapes, which retain adjacency and nesting of structural features but disregard the length details of helix and loop regions, can improve the performance of structure prediction. In this work, we use SVM-based feature selection to derive the consensus abstract shape of homologous ncRNAs and apply the predicted shape to structure prediction including pseudoknots. Our approach was applied to predict shapes and secondary structures on hundreds of ncRNA data sets with and without psuedoknots. The experimental results show that we can achieve 18% higher accuracy in shape prediction than the state-of-the-art consensus shape prediction tools. Using predicted shapes in structure prediction allows us to achieve approximate 29% higher sensitivity and 10% higher positive predictive value than other pseudoknot prediction tools. Extensive analysis of RNA properties based on SVM allows us to identify important properties of sequences and structures related to their shapes. The combination of mass data analysis and SVM-based feature selection makes our approach a promising method for shape and structure prediction. The implemented tools, Knot Shape and Knot Structure are open source software and can be downloaded at: http://www.cse.msu.edu/~achawana/KnotShape .
Development of the external genitalia: Conserved and divergent mechanisms of appendage patterning

Over the past decade, the genetics of external genital development have begun to be understood. Male and female external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle. The early tubercle has a superficial resemblance to the limb bud, but an important distinction is that the limb consists of only mesoderm and ectoderm, whereas the genital tubercle also has an endodermal component, the urethral epithelium. Urethral epithelium, which expresses Sonic hedgehog, acts as a signaling region that controls outgrowth and pattern formation, and ultimately differentiates into the urethral tube. While there are intriguing parallels between limb and genital development, recent studies have identified some key differences, including the role of Fgf signaling. Our understanding of the mechanisms of genital development still lags far behind the limb, and major questions remain to be answered, including the molecular nature of the signals that initiate genital budding, sustain outgrowth, induce tissue polarity and orchestrate urethral tubulogenesis.
Elevated epithelial expression of interleukin-8 correlates with myofibroblast reactive stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES Numerous inflammatory diseases display elevated interleukin (IL)-8, and most are associated with a reactive stroma. IL-8 expression is also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), yet little is known about reactive stroma in BPH. Whether a reactive stroma response exists in BPH, whether this correlates with elevated IL-8, and whether IL-8 can induce a reactive stroma phenotype have not been determined. This study was designed to specifically address these issues. METHODS Normal prostate transition zone tissue and BPH specimens, as identified by the Baylor College of Medicine pathology department, were examined by quantitative immunohistochemistry to correlate IL-8, smooth muscle alpha-actin, vimentin, calponin, and tenascin-C. In addition, human prostate stromal cell cultures were used to evaluate the effect of IL-8 on the expression of reactive stroma biomarkers. RESULTS BPH nodules exhibited elevated epithelial IL-8 immunoreactivity, and this correlated with elevated smooth muscle alpha-actin, reduced calponin, and altered deposition of tenascin-C, relative to the normal prostate transition zone tissue (P <0.05). Multiple vimentin-positive prostate stromal fibroblast cultures were induced by IL-8 to also co-express smooth muscle alpha-actin and tenascin-C, typical of a reactive stroma myofibroblast phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data show that BPH reactive stroma is fundamentally different from normal prostate fibromuscular stroma and is typified by the emergence of a reactive stroma myofibroblast phenotype. This reactive stroma pattern correlated spatially with IL-8 elevation in adjacent epithelium. Additionally, IL-8 induced expression of myofibroblast markers in human prostate fibroblasts in vitro. These results suggest that IL-8 acts as a regulator of BPH reactive stroma and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
Abnormal glycosylation of Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with interstitial cystitis

OBJECTIVE To confirm abnormal glycosylation of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sialic acid content of THP, a critical component of its biological activity, is reduced in patients with IC. N-glycan shows reduced levels of high molecular weight tri- and tetra-antennary sialylated oligosaccharides. These results are supported by quantitative monosaccharide analysis of neutral and amino sugars in patients vs control subjects. THP was isolated from urine samples of 23 patients with IC and 24 control subjects by salt precipitation. The sialic acid contents were measured using 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylene dioxybenzene-high performance liquid chromatography analysis. For N-glycan profiling, purified THP was treated with peptide:N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. The purified N-glycans were labelled with 2-aminobenzamide and were profiled by high-pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with fluorescence detection. The neutral and amino sugars were determined by HPAEC with pulsed amperometric detection. RESULTS The total sialic acid in patients was half of that in controls. There was a pattern of reduced level of high molecular weight sialylated oligosaccharide in 17 of 23 patients vs four of 24 controls. The total neutral and amino sugars showed a ≈30% reduction in patients. The mean (sem) for the controls was 133.79 (6.51) vs 94.76 (6.67) nmol/200 µg of THP for patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS THP in patients with IC has reduced sialylation and overall glycosylation, and by inference, THP has a role in the pathophysiology of IC.
Exceptional sulfur degassing from Nyamuragira volcano, 1979-2005

The sulfur dioxide (SO2) output from Nyamuragira volcano has been monitored by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) since 1979, and is evaluated here to quantify the emissions from this highly productive volcano. The majority of Nyamuragira's emissions were emplaced in the lower to middle troposphere, with SO2 removal rates of 30-90% per day (k = 4.13×10-6 to 2.66×10-5 s-1). We have tested a new method of back-calculating persistent, effusive emission fluxes from once-daily observations, which accounts for this rapid daily removal of SO2 that cannot be measured using satellite 'snapshots'. Twelve of the 14 eruptions during this period each produced ≥0.8 teragrams (Tg) of SO2. Nyamuragira erupted nearly 25 Tg of SO2 during these eruptions, and probably emitted significantly more than we could measure by TOMS. Nyamuragira may be the largest volcanic source of sulfur to the atmosphere for the past few decades.
Enigmatic gymnosperms? Structurally preserved Permian and Triassic seed ferns from Antarctica

Abstract Representative organs from the seed fern groups Glossopteridales and Corystospermales are commonly found in Gondwana during the Permian and Triassic, respectively. To date, both groups have been reconstructed predominantly on the basis of compression fossils and, in the case of the glossopterids, impressions. As a result, many details of their morphology remain unclear, and their taxonomic status and relationship to other groups are somewhat enigmatic. Collections of anatomically preserved fossils from permineralized peat in the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica include a number of organs assignable to these two orders. Anatomical characters provide an opportunity to correlate isolated plant organs and to develop new reconstructions of these plants. Combined with paleoecological data, these fossils are beginning to provide a more accurate picture of the habitat and life history of these unique seed plants.
Range Extension of a Nonindigenous Midge, Polypedilum nubifer (Diptera: Chironomidae), in North America

Abstract We report range extension in North America by a nonindigenous midge, Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse), based on larval specimens collected during September 2007 from reaches of two streams in the Southeastern Lowlands physiographic region of Missouri. Endemic midge composition and water quality characteristics from the reaches are also presented. Polypedilum nubifer could become a rice crop pest and human nuisance across the Coastal Plains Ecoregion if it is able to persist in this ecoregion.
Drosophila as an In Vivo Model for Human Neurodegenerative Disease

With the increase in the ageing population, neurodegenerative disease is devastating to families and poses a huge burden on society. The brain and spinal cord are extraordinarily complex: they consist of a highly organized network of neuronal and support cells that communicate in a highly specialized manner. One approach to tackling problems of such complexity is to address the scientific questions in simpler, yet analogous, systems. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been proven tremendously valuable as a model organism, enabling many major discoveries in neuroscientific disease research. The plethora of genetic tools available in Drosophila allows for exquisite targeted manipulation of the genome. Due to its relatively short lifespan, complex questions of brain function can be addressed more rapidly than in other model organisms, such as the mouse. Here we discuss features of the fly as a model for human neurodegenerative disease. There are many distinct fly models for a range of neurodegenerative diseases; we focus on select studies from models of polyglutamine disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that illustrate the type and range of insights that can be gleaned. In discussion of these models, we underscore strengths of the fly in providing understanding into mechanisms and pathways, as a foundation for translational and therapeutic research.
Positive outcomes increase over time with the implementation of a semiflipped teaching model

The flipped teaching model can engage students in the learning process and improve learning outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to assess the outcomes of a semiflipped teaching model over time. Neurophysiology students spent the majority of class time listening to traditional didactic lectures, but they also listened to 5 online lectures and spent 8–10 class periods completing an active learning assignment. At the end of the term, students completed a survey to assess the outcomes of the active learning assignments. The positive outcomes were greater the second time the course was taught in a semiflipped manner. While completely flipping a course takes a tremendous amount of time, instructors can still obtain positive outcomes by implementing a semiflipped teaching model.
751 Is it clinically worthy to optimise CRT device programmation? A mid-term follow up study in patients with heart failure and LBBB

pacemakers, ICDs and bi-ventricular ICDs. Methods: Devices included Identity ADx XL DR 5386, Identity ADx DR 5380, Atlas V-243, EpicTM V-236, EpicTM HF V-350, 1688T/ 52-cm atrial and ventricular leads, Riata 1581/65cm high voltage lead, and QuickSite 1056K/75cm left ventricular (LV) lead from St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA. Devices were evaluated for magnetic field interactions (force and torque). MRI-related heating was assessed with guidance from ASTM F2182 using various levels of RF power and imaging conditions that included scans on different body regions. Each system was placed in a gelled-saline-filled, head/torso phantom to simulate typical clinical placements and temperatures were recorded using fluoroptic probes. Functional aspects of the devices in DOO and DDD were evaluated immediately before and after MRI was performed utilizing nine different pulse sequences. Imaging artifacts were characterized using T1-weighted and gradient echo pulse sequences. Results: All scans of the “head” and “lumbar” regions resulted in temperature increases less than or equal to 0.5C at SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) levels of 2.0 3.0 W/kg. The temperature increase ranged from 0.4 C 3.6 C at a SAR of 2.0 W/kg when scanning the “chest” region, with a maximumum increase of 0.9 C at the LV tip and 3.6 C at the ICD lead tip in the RVOT. No memory corruption, hardware changes, or changes in device parameters were seen. Oversensing was observed at the most sensitive device settings when programmed to DDD during some of the MRI scans with totally normal function at all other times. Device function was unaffected in DOO. The magnetically induced displacement force was no greater than 0.05 N for the pacemakers and 1.6 N for ICDs. Image artifacts were substantial for the pulse generators and minor for the leads. Conclusion: No physiologically significant heating or magnetic field interactions were observed in the tests performed. There was no permanent effect on the device function. These findings have important implications for patients with these devices and are consistent with recent published articles.
Isoproterenol-induced hypokalemia: role of the liver.

SummaryConstant infusion of isoproter-enol into the portal vein of the dog produces a sustained decrease of the plasma [K] in the femoral artery, the hepatic vein, and the portal vein. During the hypokalemia, the hepatic venous plasma [K] falls significantly below the portal venous plasma [K], which indicates a net uptake of K by the liver; at the same time that the liver takes up K, the gut releases a slight amount of K. A preceding loss of K by the liver is not essential to the occurrence of the uptake; therefore, the data suggest that isoproterenol acts directly to increase the uptake of K by the liver.
Biophilic urbanism: the potential to transform

Purpose – The emergent and allied concepts of biophilia, biophilic design, and biophilic urbanism are all concerned with human experiences of nature. This spans the theoretical affiliation with, and the need for nature (biophilia) that can be achieved through design approaches in the built environment (biophilic design), and systemically throughout cities (biophilic urbanism). The purpose of this paper is to distinguish attributes and principles of each and addresses their application in contemporary urban settings. Design/methodology/approach – This commentary draws on extant literature in the fields of biophilia, biophilic design, and biophilic urbanism to consider these concepts within broader discourse around nature and design. The author provides clarity on how this direct understanding and practice of urban design and development provides for meaningful experiences with nature. Findings – The unifying focus of this discussion is the evolutionary proposition that humans developed an innate tendency t...
Abnormalities in Diffusional Kurtosis Metrics Related to Head Impact Exposure in a Season of High School Varsity Football

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effects of cumulative head impacts during a season of high school football produce changes in diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussion. Subjects were recruited from a high school football team and were outfitted with the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS) during all practices and games. Biomechanical head impact exposure metrics were calculated, including: total impacts, summed acceleration, and Risk Weighted Cumulative Exposure (RWE). Twenty-four players completed pre- and post-season magnetic resonance imaging, including DKI; players who experienced clinical concussion were excluded. Fourteen subjects completed pre- and post-season Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). DKI-derived metrics included mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (K axial), and radial kurtosis (K radial), and white matter modeling (WMM) parameters included axonal water fraction, tortuosity of the extra-axonal space, extra-axonal diffusivity (De axial and radial), and intra-axonal diffusivity (Da). These metrics were used to determine the total number of abnormal voxels, defined as 2 standard deviations above or below the group mean. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between RWE combined probability (RWECP) and MK. Secondary analysis of other DKI-derived and WMM metrics demonstrated statistically significant linear relationships with RWECP after covariate adjustment. These results were compared with the results of DTI-derived metrics from the same imaging sessions in this exact same cohort. Several of the DKI-derived scalars (Da, MK, K axial, and K radial) explained more variance, compared with RWECP, suggesting that DKI may be more sensitive to subconcussive head impacts. No significant relationships between DKI-derived metrics and ImPACT measures were found. It is important to note that the pathological implications of these metrics are not well understood. In summary, we demonstrate a single season of high school football can produce DKI measurable changes in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussion.
United States (Chapter 3 of 'Forging Accounting Principles in Five Countries: A History and an Analysis of Trends')

This is the third of five chapters from the book 'Forging Accounting Principles in Five Countries: A History and an Analysis of Trends'.You can view the foreword and preface of the book, table of contents, and the other chapters:Foreword/Preface/Table of Contents:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2045708 Chapter 1 (Great Britain):http://ssrn.com/abstract=2045714 Chapter 2 (Mexico):http://ssrn.com/abstract=2046059Chapter 4 (Canada):http://ssrn.com/abstract=2046062Chapter 5 (A Critical Review of the Evolving Trends):http://ssrn.com/abstract=2046066
Two Anti-Japanese Boycott Movements in American History:A Comparison

This article compares and contrasts two Anti-Japanese Boycott movements in the 20th century of the United States of America.While one Anti-Japanese Boycott movement took place in the 1930s,the other was between mid1970s and the beginning of 1990s.These two movements are sharply different in terms of processes,participants,and results.The theme of the earlier movement was to protest Japanese aggression in China.It was a just mass movement at the time when Japanese militarism endangered the peace of the world in general and of Asia in particular.On the contrary,the other so-called Anti-Japanese Boycott movement did not have such a justified aim.Indeed,it was a wrong approach to solve the problems in American society,and it was plagued by American racism against Asians.
Aging in the 1990s and beyond

The future of aging persons in an aging society will depend equally upon the exogenous factors of the society and upon our attitudes and behaviors. The changes in the numbers and proportions of elderly create constraints and pressures upon resources and services. These incentives for decision-making are then mirrored in our behaviors and attitudes about aging, and about the elderly. The role of the aging person is undergoing re-evaluation--from "retired," "grandparent," and "being seen and not heard" in family matters, to a more active and participative role. Retirement to (rather than from) second careers, political participation, community leadership, and new creativity in the choices of leisure roles are the new norms for aging persons. The changing demographic profile motivates us to anticipate new approaches to health care for an aging population. In the face of increasing longevity, the primary concern to be addressed is the development and administering of a system of services for the chronically ill. These health services must be coordinated to meet a range of needs from nutrition to hospice care, and yet to protect the individual and personal rights of the individual and to respond to the changing attitudes of the elderly as well as toward the elderly.
Current Topics in Clinical Nuclear Medicine: A Selected Bibliography

In order to selectively reduce the vast amount of literature being published in nuclear medicine, 45 current and comprehensive articles have been collected. These articles were chosen on the basis of their clear and concise presentation of materials and techniques currently employed in nuclear medicine laboratories. Available services are also listed which can aid the physician and/or technician in obtaining specific papers and information which may not be immediately available.
Review: capsule endoscopy has high yield for small bowel findings in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Source Citation Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, et al. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal b...
Trust and New B2B Technologies: An Empirical Study Identifying the Trust Issues Related to the Adoption Rates of New Technology

This paper analyzes the role of interorganizational trust in the adoption of new technology in the B2B environment. Using the Technology Adoption Model (TAM), we believe that supplier characteristics will moderate the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and interorganizational trust, therefore impacting the likelihood of new technology adoption.
Polymer Scaffold Fabrication

Abstract While there is a vast diversity of processing techniques available for tissue engineering, methods of rapid prototyping (RP) have several advantages over other current methods of polymer scaffold fabrication. These methods have the potential to create intricate organ and tissue matrices that cater to any need, even possibly to a specific patient. Three-dimensional printing (3DP), in particular, provides an avenue for efficient, automatic and repeatable fabrication of scaffolds with highly controlled structures. Unlike other common methods of processing, it is possible to fabricate 3DP scaffolds with tunable architectures that model a desired organ. Using a layer-by-layer approach, synthetic or natural materials, cells and other molecules are printed and stacked into a scaffold shape that mimics the physiological structure and precisely replaces a defect site in damaged or missing tissue. The goal of 3DP includes the ability to translate these engineered components into an appropriate tissue model for surgical replacement and repair in patients at a commercial scale.
Bypasses for cavernous sinus tumors: history, techniques, and current status

Many cavernous sinus (CS) tumors affect the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA-CS) enough result in its occlusion, with or without bypass surgery. Here we discuss the management of such lesions.
Distinct VDJ-H Gene Usage between Mutated and Unmutated Patients in B-CLL: Implications for Pathogenesis and Correlation with Clinical Outcome.

In B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) somatic hypermutation in the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgVH) identifies two distinct prognostic variants with mutated (M) patients having better survival. Ig recombination in this disease demonstrates biased V, D and J gene usage. To determine features of VDJ recombination associated with changes in biologic behavior we sequenced and analyzed the IgH of 356 patients with B-CLL. Of 375 sequences obtained (19 patients express two VH genes), 202 (54%) were unmutated (UM) (
“One slowly loses everything”: Development and debt in San Antonio Aguas Calientes

Abstract The use of microcredit as a poverty alleviation and economic development strategy has expanded dramatically since it began in the 1970s. This article assesses the economic impact of that strategy for borrowers in the town of San Antonio Aguas Calientes, located in Guatemala’s western highlands. Many other studies have assessed the impact of microcredit, with differing findings. These studies analyze microcredit independently of the broader economic and cultural conditions in which it is disbursed. This study takes those conditions into consideration as factors that affect the outcomes of microcredit. Doing so helps not only to ascertain if microcredit is working or not, but also to better understand why (or why not) it is working. The data are based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with borrowers. Our findings show that microcredit is not alleviating poverty for many borrowers in this area due to culturally inappropriate lending practices and high interest rates. In fact, borrowers find themselves trapped in a cycle of debt, borrowing from multiple sources simultaneously to try to pay off their obligations. These findings can be used to guide further policy decisions and regulations regarding the microfinance industry and development in general.
Changes in the tumor microenvironment associated with transformation in follicular lymphoma.

8538 Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable prognosis. Transformation to an aggressive lymphoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have i...
Damage-associated molecular pattern recognition is required for induction of retinal neuroprotective pathways in a sex-dependent manner.

Retinal degeneration is a common cause of irreversible blindness and is caused by the death of retinal light-sensitive neurons called photoreceptors. At the onset of degeneration, stressed photoreceptors cause retinal glial cells to secrete neuroprotective factors that slow the pace of degeneration. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is one such factor that is required for endogenous neuroprotection. Photoreceptors are known to release signals of cellular stress, called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) early in degeneration, and we hypothesized that receptors for DAMPs or pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a key role in the induction of LIF and neuroprotective stress responses in retinal glial cells. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a well-established DAMP receptor. In our experiments, activation of TLR2 protected both male and female mice from light damage, while the loss of TLR2 in female mice did not impact photoreceptor survival. In contrast, induction of protective stress responses, microglial phenotype and photoreceptor survival were strongly impacted in male TLR2-/- mice. Lastly, using publicly available gene expression data, we show that TLR2 is expressed highly in resting microglia prior to injury, but is also induced in Muller cells in inherited retinal degeneration.
Experimental Techniques for Multi-Scale Characterization of Mechanical Response in Cement-Based Materials

ABSTRACT Multi-scale phase-resolved computational modeling approaches are far in advance of supporting experimental methodologies for predicting the mechanical response of cement-based materials. Recently, however, a variety of techniques including low-energy x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and photostimulated luminescence spectroscopy (PLS) have been applied to cement-based materials demonstrating that these techniques are viable multi-scale probes for the study of micro- and meso-scale mechanics of portland cement. Stress-strain responses for applied loading were demonstrated using both x-ray and neutron diffraction by utilizing the native portlandite in neat portland cement paste as in situ strain sensors. Likewise, micrometer-scale particles of aluminum oxide (corundum) were used as strain gauges in neat cement paste to illustrate PSL response to mechanically applied loads. This technique utilizes the strain sensitive response of the luminescence spectrum of Cr +3 doped corundum. Individual micrometer-sized particles were shown to respond to applied loads making it possible to directly study the transference of mechanical stresses at the interface of individual grains. This suite of new tools can now be used in conjunction with modeling to further the understanding of multi-scale mechanical response and prediction of macroscopic properties and performance of cement-based systems.
Translating the covenant: The behavior analyst as ambassador and translator

Behavior analysts should be sensitive to how others react to and interpret our language because it is inextricably related to our image. Our use of conceptual revision, with such terms as punishment, has created communicative confusion and hostility on the part of general and professional audiences we have attempted to influence. We must, therefore, adopt the role of ambassador and translator in the nonbehavioral world. A number of recommendations are offered for promoting, translating, and disseminating behavior analysis.
Organic carbon 13C12C variations in estuarine sediments

The δC13 value for sedimentary organic carbon in four estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico increases with radial distance from the river mouth. Mass balance calculations indicate that terrestrial organic carbon is limited to sediments within a relatively short distance from the river mouth. This distance is a function of the discharge rate of the river. For the Mississippi River, terrestrial organic carbon is limited to sediments within 69 km of the mouth of Pass a Loutre and 61 km of South Pass. These data indicate that the low δC13 (< −22%.) values reported for Pleistocene sediments in the Gulf of Mexico may be the result of factors in addition to the postulated large influx of terrestrial organic carbon.
Migration and Learning in Fishes

In the first part of this paper, some laboratory experiments on discriminative learning in fishes are reviewed-experiments on the discrimination of food signals, reward and nonreward, temporal context, compound stimuli, and the components of compound stimuli. The results, which closely resemble those obtained with birds and mammals in analogous experiments and point to the operation of common vertebrate mechanisms, should be of interest to students of migration in fishes who are concerned with the role of discriminative learning in migratory behavior. Comparative experiments on partial reinforcement, on successive acquisition and extinction, and on incentive contrast are reviewed in the second part of this paper. The results suggest that there has been some evolutionary divergence in vertebrate learning and that generalizations to fishes from work with birds and mammals (about whose learning a great deal is known) should be made with care.
Upcoming imaging concepts and their impact on treatment planning and treatment response in radiation oncology

For 2018, the American Cancer Society estimated that there would be approximately 1.7 million new diagnoses of cancer and about 609,640 cancer-related deaths in the United States. By 2030 these numbers are anticipated to exceed a staggering 21 million annual diagnoses and 13 million cancer-related deaths. The three primary therapeutic modalities for cancer treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Individually or in combination, these treatment modalities have provided and continue to provide curative and palliative care to the myriad victims of cancer. Today, CT-based treatment planning is the primary means through which conventional photon radiation therapy is planned. Although CT remains the primary treatment planning modality, the field of radiation oncology is moving beyond the sole use of CT scans to define treatment targets and organs at risk. Complementary tissue scans, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron electron emission (PET) scans, have all improved a physician’s ability to more specifically identify target tissues, and in some cases, international guidelines have even been issued. Moreover, efforts to combine PET and MR to define solid tumors for radiotherapy planning and treatment evaluation are also gaining traction. Keeping these advances in mind, we present brief overviews of other up-and-coming key imaging concepts that appear promising for initial treatment target definition or treatment response from radiation therapy.
A Preliminary Study to Investigate the Sensemaking Process of UAV Reports by Operators after Periods of Disconnect for Threat Assessment

Teleoperated robots have been used to minimize human presence and interaction in dangerous or difficult areas or to enhance human capabilities. One of the challenges that still needs investigation ...
Characterizing product temperature-dependent sensory perception of brewed coffee beverages: descriptive sensory analysis.

Abstract In most previous studies, brewed coffee samples were served at specific serving temperatures for sensory evaluation. While several recent studies have illustrated that serving temperature does have an impact on sensory attribute intensities of brewed coffee, more elaboration is needed. By focusing on knowledge gaps between earlier studies, this study sought to determine whether and how sensory attributes of brewed coffee can vary as a function of serving temperature and coffee variety. In this study, 6 trained panelists rated intensities of 32 sensory attributes (3 appearances, 12 aromas, 2 tastes, 13 flavors, and 2 mouthfeels) with respect to brewed coffee samples, of each of three varieties (Ethiopian, Kenyan, and Colombian) served at four different serving temperatures: 70, 55, 40, and 25 °C, respectively. The results indicated that intensities of 18 and 7 attributes, respectively, differed significantly with serving temperature and coffee variety. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed the greater amount of data variation could be attributed to serving temperature (63.28%) rather than coffee variety (21.24%), much like the result of a hierarchical clustering analysis. Regression vector (RV) coefficients, determined by a factor score matrix of brewed coffee samples served at different temperatures, revealed that brewed coffee samples served at 70 and 55 °C were perceived differently from those served at 40 and 25 °C. In conclusion, the findings emphasize that sensory attributes of brewed coffee samples should be evaluated at multiple serving temperatures, both higher (70 to 55 °C) and lower (40 to 25 °C) ones, to better capture sensory attributes of brewed coffee than those from a traditional sensory evaluation. Further study is needed to characterize different coffee samples with respect to lessening an overwhelming effect of serving temperature.
Health Care Professionals' Perceptions about Sensory-Based Interventions in the NICU.

Objective The main objective of this article is to define perceptions of health care professionals regarding current use of sensory-based interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design A multidisciplinary group of NICU health care professionals (n = 108) defined the types of sensory-based interventions used in their NICU, the postmenstrual age (PMA) sensory-based interventions are administered, conditions under which sensory-based interventions are used, and personnel who administer sensory-based interventions. Results The most commonly reported tactile intervention was infant holding (88% of respondents), the most common auditory intervention was recorded music/singing (69% of respondents), the most common kinesthetic intervention was occupational and physical therapy (85% of respondents), and the most common vestibular intervention was infant swings (86% of respondents). Tactile interventions were initiated most often at 24 to 26 weeks PMA (74% of respondents), auditory interventions at 30 to 32 weeks (60% of respondents), kinesthetic interventions at 30 to 32 weeks (76% of respondents), vestibular interventions at 33 to 34 weeks (86% of respondents), and visual interventions at 32 to 36 weeks (72% of respondents). Conditions under which sensory-based interventions were administered, and personnel who provided them, varied across settings. Conclusion Varied use of sensory-based interventions in the NICU were reported. While this study was limited by biased sampling and the identification of health care professionals' perceptions but not real-world practice, this information can be used to build a comprehensive approach to positive sensory exposures in the NICU.
Impact of Aerosols and Ocean Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Days Near Australia

Tropical cyclones (TCs) devastate nations around the world. Many different variables influence TC intensification or decay. Near Australia, one of those influences may stem from the arid interior of the landmass. The influences of aerosol optical depth (AOD), sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean temperature (UOT) on monthly TC days over eastern Australia and the southwest Pacific Ocean are examined using data from 1985 to 2015. The area experiences TCs in November (Nov) through June with a peak in March. Variables occurring together in time are considered as possible predictors of TC days, as well as lagged relationships between them. Spearman rank correlation tests showcase the significant relationships between all pairs of variables during a variety of months. A Poisson multiple regression model is applied on TC-SST-AOD and TC-UOT-AOD to find the most significant relationships between the variables throughout the season. Four significant models are found without violating statistical assumptions. An increase in Nov AOD and Dec SST leads to a significant increase in Jan TC days. Dec UOTs are found to be negatively related to TC days in Jan. The difference in directions is related to the difference in heating mechanisms associated with the surface conditions and the lower subsurface in environments of relatively higher AOD. Probabilities of monthly days during unfavorable and favorable conditions are found. Low to moderate TC days are expected in Jan when both Nov AOD and Dec SSTs are low. There is a chance of a higher number of Jan TC days in both high Nov AOD and Dec SSTs. This study provides scenarios between the variables to aid in forecasting.
A Counterhegemonic Global Ethics of Media: Journalists, Scholars, and the Need for Antithetical Exchange

This essay contributes to the growing project of global media ethics by addressing the pervasiveness of Edward Said’s notion of Orientalism and the continued subordination of non-Western countries,...