cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concentrated emulsions pathways to polymer blending

Abstract A new method of preparation of polymer composites involving the concentrated emulsion polymerization is described. In this kind of emulsion, the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is very large (as large as 0.99), while the volume fraction of the continuous phase is very small. In the present case, a monomer containing an appropriate initiator constitutes the dispersed phase and a dilute solution of surfactant in water constitutes the continuous phase. In a first step, two such concentrated emulsions containing different monomers were prepared and each of them was subjected to heating at 40°C for partial polymerization. Subsequently, the two partially polymerized systems were mechanically mixed, and the mixture was subjected to additional polymerization, drying, and sintering by heating at various temperatures for various time intervals. Partially polymerized concentrated emulsions of polystyrene, poly(buthyl methacrylate), poly(buthyl acrylate), and cross linked polystyrene, whose conversions were less than 5%, were employed. Conversions higher than 5% led to large increases in the viscosity of the concentrated emulsions, making their mixing difficult. N.m.r. spectroscopy was used to obtain information about the extent of copolymerization between the two monomers. Electron microscopy examination of the surfaces obtained by the fracture of the composites revealed that the latex particles aggregated with relatively slight changes in size and shape.
Thrombocytopenia possibly associated with olanzapine and subsequently with benztropine mesylate.

Received May 18, 1999; revised August 16, 1999; accepted September 7, 1999. From the Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Viswanathan, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Campus Box 127, Brooklyn, NY 11203; e-mail: rviswa@aol.com Copyright 2000 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Hematologic side effects of neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs are rare but can be dangerous. There are several reports associating agranulocytosis with the use of antipsychotics. There have been only a few case reports of the appearance of thrombocytopenia during the use of antipsychotics. To our knowledge there has been no published case report of thrombocytopenia associated with the use of olanzapine or benztropine mesylate. We report a case in which there was a significant decrease of platelets associated with the use of olanzapine and subsequently with the use of benztropine mesylate. We also postulate a mechanism as to how both of these drugs could have caused thrombocytopenia in the same patient.
Self-reported craft expertise predicts maintenance of spatial ability in old age

Three hundred and three female participants between the ages of 18 and 77 reported their experience in crafting (sewing, knitting, and crocheting) and completed a measure of spatial ability: The Paper Folding Test. To investigate the connection between spatial ability performance, age, and craft expertise, an ANOVA was conducted for the Paper Folding Test using two levels of crafting expertise (High and Low) and three age categories (younger adults: 18–39, middle-aged adults: 40–59, and older adults: 60–77). Performance on the spatial ability test declined with age as predicted from previous literature. However, there was a significant Age by Expertise interaction. No difference was found between High and Low craft expertise groups in younger adults (18–39), but there was a growing difference between expertise groups in middle-aged adults (40–59) and older adults (60–77). The results suggest that continued hands-on experience in spatial domains is a predictor of maintenance of spatial ability across the life span.
Attrition Models of the Ardennes Campaign

This paper revisits the modeling by Bracken [3] of the Ardennes campaign of World War II using the Lanchester equations. It revises and extends that analysis in a number of ways: (1) It more accurately fits the model parameters using linear regression; (2) it considers the data from the entire campaign; and (3) it adds in air sortie data. In contrast to previous results, it concludes by showing that neither the Lanchester linear or Lanchester square laws fit the data. A new form of the Lanchester equations emerges with a physical interpretation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 1–22, 1998
Adaptation to Daily Meal-Timing and Its Effect on Circadian Temperature Rhythms in Two Inbred Strains of Mice

Inbred strains of mice differ in their adjustment to a mealtime out of phase with the light-dark cycle. When food access was restricted to the first 4 h of the light span, C3H/2Ibg mice steadily lost weight and died, while C57BL/6J mice recovered baseline levels of food intake within a few days. C57BL meal-timed mice also showed delayed circadian body temperature rhythms so that peak temperatures coincided with the time of food availability. Both strains were able to adapt when the period of food availability was gradually shifted to the first 12 h of the 16-h light period. C57BL mice again phase-delayed their body temperature rhythms, while C3H mice exhibited highly variable individual responses, and over half continued to increase temperature in anticipation of lights-off. These results suggest that the timing of body temperature rhythms of C57BL mice may be more easily altered relative to the light-dark cycle than that of C3H mice.
Fundamental SAR ATR performance predictions for design trade-offs

This paper discusses work toward a fundamental, algorithm- independent view of the ATR performance that can be achieved using SAR data. Such ATR performance predictions are intended to enable evaluation of performance tradeoffs for SAR designs, including both parameter selections and added domains of SAR observation, such as 3D, full polarimetry, multiaspect and/or multifrequency. In the paper we evaluate the classification error for two tactical targets using a Monte Carlo technique. A number of approximations are made and are detailed in the paper. Data on target signatures come from pencil-beam laser data and target photographs, which determine shadowing of the ground clutter. A single aspect angle is used for each target in the initial results. A layer of radar netting is modeled on both targets. This information is used as 'ground truth', to compute the average power that would be seen in each pixel of a SAR image, for each target. SAR image trials are then generated using independent Rayleigh amplitude fades in each pixel. In an optimal Bayesian fashion, the smaller of the probabilities of target (T1) or T2 given the trial image data is the error probability for that trial. An average over the Monte Carlo image trials yields the overall classification error probability. Comments are given on reducing the number of required trials in such a Monte Carlo. THree results of the work are shown. First, a tradeoff is made of ATR performance versus SAR resolution. ATR improves as the resolution is made finer, and physical reasons for this are discussed. Second, the relative ATR utility is determined for those pixels where at least one target has scatterer as compared with those pixels where the targets differ only in the degree to which they shadow the ground clutter. Third, an early analytical result is given for interferometric SAR, showing the physical reason behind the potential of height-sensing SAR to improve ATR - the possibility of canceling the background response becomes an important factor. Finally, the ability to make absolute performance predictions versus relative predictions is discussed, with the conclusion that relative predictions are more feasible at this time.
Vector Fresnel equations and Airy formula for one-dimensional multilayer and surface-relief gratings: comment

The assertion made by S. Kaushik in a recent paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A14, 596 (1997)] that the S-matrix propagation algorithm that he derived is new and represents an improvement over the earlier research is apparently incorrect. A review of the literature shows that every feature of the algorithm as presented in the above reference has been known for many years.
An experimental study of the influence of religious elites on public opinion

Abstract This paper presents experimental findings concerning the influence of source attributions upon subjects’ reactions to a set of domestic and foreign policy initiatives. An attempt was made to determine whether or not the positions of the American Catholic Bishops’ pastoral letter, when attributed to the Bishops themselves or to The Reverend Billy Graham, would influence public opinion in two populations of Catholic and Evangelical Protestant college students. In both conditions, even when controlling for a number of intermediating variables, results were null. Based on these data the hypothesized influence of religious leadership on opinion is non‐existent when the experimental conditions are compared with the control (no source) condition. The results are compared with similar experimental studies examining the impact of other political institutions and symbols.
Reinforcement frequency and body weight as determinants of motivated performance in hypothalamic hyperphagic rats.

Abstract Non-Obese and Obese VMH lesioned rats were tested on a series of increasing VI schedules (from 0.25 to 4.0 min). Response rates decreased as a function of increases in interreinforcement interval for all groups, and the functions did not differ in form or in slope between the groups. Respone rates for the Non-Obese VMH, Lesion Control, and Normal Control groups were similar, while response rates for the Obese VMH group were significantly less than those of the other groups. This reduction in work output by the Obese VMH rats was attributed solely to their increased weight at the time of testing.
Designing Dual-functionalized Gels for Self-reconfiguration and Autonomous Motion

Human motion is enabled by the concerted expansion and contraction of interconnected muscles that are powered by inherent biochemical reactions. One of the challenges in the field of biomimicry is eliciting this form of motion from purely synthetic materials, which typically do not generate internalized reactions to drive mechanical action. Moreover, for practical applications, this bio-inspired motion must be readily controllable. Herein, we develop a computational model to design a new class of polymer gels where structural reconfigurations and internalized reactions are intimately linked to produce autonomous motion, which can be directed with light. These gels contain both spirobenzopyran (SP) chromophores and the ruthenium catalysts that drive the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Importantly, both the SP moieties and the BZ reaction are photosensitive. When these dual-functionalized gels are exposed to non-uniform illumination, the localized contraction of the gel (due to the SP moieties) in the presence of traveling chemical waves (due to the BZ reaction) leads to new forms of spontaneous, self-sustained movement, which cannot be achieved by either of the mono-functionalized networks.
Reconfigurable electromagnetics devices enabled by a non-linear dopant drift memristor

An improved memristor model which incorporates a non-linear dopant drift model for the ionic barrier is employed in the design of reconfigurable electromagnetics devices. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation tool is utilized to accurately model the devices under switching conditions while radio frequency (RF) signals are applied. A polarization-switchable patch antenna is designed using memristors to demonstrate their utility as a microwave switch.
The LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator QseD Alters Type Three Secretion in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Motility in K-12 Escherichia coli

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 responds to the host-produced epinephrine and norepinephrine, and bacterially produced autoinducer 3 (AI-3), through two-component systems. Further integration of multiple regulatory signaling networks, involving regulators such as the LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) QseA, promotes effective regulation of virulence factors. These include the production of flagella, a phage-encoded Shiga toxin, and genes within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) responsible for attaching and effacing (AE) lesion formation. Here, we describe a new member of this signaling cascade, an LTTR heretofore renamed QseD (quorum-sensing E. coli regulator D). QseD is present in all enterobacteria but exists almost exclusively in O157:H7 isolates as a helix-turn-helix (HTH) truncated isoform. This “short” isoform (sQseD) is still able to regulate gene expression through a different mechanism than the full-length K-12 E. coli “long” QseD isoform (lQseD). The EHEC ΔqseD mutant exhibits increased expression of all LEE operons and deregulation of AE lesion formation. The loss of qseD in EHEC does not affect motility, but the K-12 ΔqseD mutant is hypermotile. While the lQseD directly binds to the ler promoter, encoding the LEE master regulator, to repress LEE transcription, the sQseD isoform does not. LTTRs bind to DNA as tetramers, and these data suggest that sQseD regulates ler by forming heterotetramers with another LTTR. The LTTRs known to regulate LEE transcription, QseA and LrhA, do not interact with sQseD, suggesting that sQseD acts as a dominant-negative partner with a yet-unidentified LTTR.
FIFTEEN YEARS OF REVEGETATION OF MOUNT ST. HELENS: A LANDSCAPE-SCALE ANALYSIS

Understanding vegetation responses to landscape-scale disturbance often is critical for understanding ecosystem structure and function. Satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems can be used to determine whether response patterns ob- served in fine-scale studies are present at landscape scales. We used these technologies to examine key factors correlated with revegetation of Mount St. Helens in the first 15 yr following its catastrophic eruption in 1980. To measure revegetation, we used eight Landsat satellite scenes from 1984 to 1995 to estimate for each pixel (1) the time (in years) to reach an estimated 10% vegetation cover (EC10), (2) maximum rate of increase in vegetation cover (MR), (3) time-integrated vegetation cover (TIC), and (4) maximum estimated cover reached during the study period (MEC). Explanatory variables included type of volcanic disturbance, distance from the eruption, initial tephra thickness, distance from surviving forests, and topographic variables. Regression tree analysis (RTA) was used to model the response variables with the explanatory variables. RTA explained 50% of the variation in EC10, 57% of the variation in TIC, 31% of the variation in MR, and 51% of the variability in MEC. Remaining variability was a function of other variables, stochastic factors, and image processing. The greatest amount of vari- ability in revegetation was explained by type of volcanic disturbance, which stratified the study area into primary and secondary successional areas and revealed previously undoc- umented patterns of where each successional type was present. Under secondary successional conditions, distance from the eruption and original tephra thickness were important. For primary successional areas, proximity to forest edges was important only at the edges of mudflows. Slope gradient was important for both secondary and primary successional areas. Landscape-scale patterns of revegetation were consistent with field studies of the importance of biotic legacies, colonizing vegetation, and topog- raphy. However, the importance of slope gradient for revegetation in primary successional areas has not been previously reported.
Biobehavioral factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for research and practice

Abstract Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most common connective tissue disease in children. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may best be conceptualized as a syndrome of diverse etiologies with three distinct types of disease onset: systemic, poly articular, and pauciarticular. The overall management of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis consists of a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensive care. Biobehavioral factors are delineated into four primary areas: therapeutic adherence, arthritic pain, psychosocial adjustment, and functional independence. To date, relatively little systematic biobehavioral research has been conducted in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; however, the potential for the interdisciplinary biobehavioral approach to this pediatrie chronic disorder is quite evident.
Cationic Aluminum Alkyl Complexes Incorporating Aminotroponiminate Ligands

The synthesis, structures, and reactivity of cationic aluminum complexes containing the N,N‘-diisopropylaminotroponiminate ligand (iPr2-ATI-) are described. The reaction of (iPr2-ATI)AlR2 (1a−e,g,h; R = H (a), Me (b), Et (c), Pr (d), iBu (e), Cy (g), CH2Ph (h)) with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] yields (iPr2-ATI)AlR+ species whose fate depends on the properties of the R ligand. 1a and 1b react with 0.5 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] to produce dinuclear monocationic complexes [{(iPr2-ATI)AlR}2(μ-R)][(C6F5)4] (2a,b). The cation of 2b contains two (iPr2-ATI)AlMe+ units linked by an almost linear Al−Me−Al bridge; 2a is presumed to have an analogous structure. 2b does not react further with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. However, 1a reacts with 1 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] to afford (iPr2-ATI)Al(C6F5)(μ-H)2B(C6F5)2 (3) and other products, presumably via C6F5- transfer and ligand redistribution of a [(iPr2-ATI)AlH][(C6F5)4] intermediate. 1c−e react with 1 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] to yield stable base-free [(iPr2-ATI)AlR][B(C6F5)4] complexes...
Nonlinear compensator for a piecewise linear second-order feedback system

The nonlinear computer for a second-order system preceded by a saturating amplifier, with significant linear zone, was designed through the transformation of the zero-force curve and the geometry of the phase plane into the topology of the nonlinear computer. A finite-gain system was thus designed for the requirement of minimum settling time for step input functions. The method of design was based upon the division of the phase plane into three regions of operation: a saturated one, and two linear ones. The equation of the zero-force curve was that of a parabola. The nonlinear compensator had as its output the sum of the error signal and a nonlinear function of the error rate. Different systems were compared in order to determine the fastest one. One of them proved to be superior to all the others for a spectrum of different input step magnitudes.
On the evolution of artificial intelligence

Abstract As time passed, more powerful software tools and bigger and faster computers were used by computer scientists to produce artificial intelligence programs which perform tasks which are similar to tasks that increasingly younger human beings can perform.
Elastic plastic stability of jointed masonry arches

A masonry arch is considered as an assembly of rigid blocks with deformable joints. The joint deformations are characterized by linear hardening plasticity under axial thrust and moment. The activation of four hinges in the arch results in a mechanism. Two types of mechanisms are considered in evaluating a structure: mortar controlled and block controlled. The mortar controlled mechanism is considered by Maier's theory of piecewise linear interacting yield surfaces with linear hardening. The hardening constants and their interactions may be found experimentally. It is found that stable and unstable mechanisms exist, which are predicted by applying first- and second-order optimality conditions to energy functions on a constrained state space. Bounds on the loads activating a mechanism may be determined using bounding theorems similar to the bounding theorems of plasticity. The block controlled behaviour of the system is predicted using Heyman's application of rigid plastic analysis and the bounding theorems of plasticity.
Aerobic Metabolism of Brochothrix thermosphacta Growing on Meat Surfaces and in Laboratory Media

Acetoin and acetic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids are major end-products, and important components of the spoilage odours, of Brochothrix thermosphacta growing aerobically on meat surfaces or in tryptone-based medium containing glucose, ribose or glycerol. Acetoin and acetic acid are probably derived entirely from the carbohydrates and isobutyric and isovaleric acids from valine and leucine respectively. Glucose and pH are both important factors in controlling the relative amounts of end-products, low glucose and near neutral pH favouring fatty acid formation, high glucose and lower pH values favouring acetoin formation.
Protracted transitions among Africa's new democracies

Discussions of democratic transition and consolidation fail to devote much consideration to transitions in neo‐patrimonial regimes, such as those found in many African countries. This article argues that in such cases, the conceptual distinction between transition and consolidation may break down because the transition does not end until the polity, still in the midst of democratization, takes on some attributes of a consolidated democracy. Hence, protracted transition and consolidation may be one and the same, or processes that substantially, if not entirely, overlap each other. After briefly contrasting neo‐patrimonial regimes with the protracted transition ideal type, the essay adapts that ideal type to fit Africa's neo‐patrimonial regimes, drawing on evidence from contemporary politics in six African countries: South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.
Applications of the vital fluorescent labeling technique with brighteners to studies of saprophytic behavior of Phytophthora in soil

Abstract The fluorescent brightener, ‘Calcofluor White M2R New’ [disodium salt of 4,4'-bis (4-anilino-6-diethylamino- s -triazin-2-ylamino)-2,2'-stilbene-disulfonic acid] at 100–300 ppm was effective as a vital stain in labeling mycelia and various spore forms of Phytophthora spp. Labeling was achieved by growing the fungus in a liquid medium containing the brightener or by direct staining of fungal propagules before use. The brightener was readily absorbed by the fungus and was non-toxic at the concentrations used. Saprophytic behavior of p. parasitica in soil was studied by introducing labeled propagules directly into soil and recovering them periodically for observation using a soil-smear technique. Under the fluorescence microscope the labeled propagules and subsequently formed germ tubes, mycelia, chlamydospores, sporangia, and encysted zoospores all fluoresced with little interference from the soil mass or soil microflora. Spore germination, mycelial growth, sporulation, and lysis of P. parasitica in non-amended and amended natural soils have been studied with this labeling technique. Labeling was successful also with several other soil fungi.
Induction of Neoplasms in Salivary Gland Rudiments Recovered from Frozen Storage

SummaryViability of submandibular salivary gland rudiments of mice was demonstrated after slow-freezing and storing in a 5% glycerol medium at — 150°C. Development of the rudiments after thawing was less rapid and less extensive than with fresh rudiments, but the capacity of the organ to develop morphologically characteristic neoplasms in response to polyoma virus was not appreciably impaired.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy using a light-emitting diode lamp against Enterococcus faecalis in extracted human teeth.

Abstract Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with high-power lasers as the light source has been proven to be effective in disinfecting root canals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of PDT using toluidine blue O (TBO) and a low-energy light-emitting diode (LED) lamp after the conventional disinfection protocol of 6% NaOCl. Methods Single-rooted extracted teeth were cleaned, shaped, and sealed at the apex before incubation with Enterococcus faecalis for 2 weeks. Roots were randomly assigned to five experimental groups and three control groups. Dentin shavings were collected from the root canals of all groups with a #50/.06 rotary file, colony-forming units were determined, and the bacterial survival rate was calculated for each treatment. Results The bacterial survival rate of the NaOCl/TBO/light group (0.1%) was significantly lower ( P Conclusions PDT using TBO and a LED lamp has the potential to be used as an adjunctive antimicrobial procedure in conventional endodontic therapy.
An apparent difference in the renal clearance of calcium-45 and calcium-40 in rats.

IN investigating the comparative excretion of calcium-45 and strontium-89 in rats we have encountered evidence of unexpected variability in the renal clearance of calcium-45 and calcium-40. This finding may be significant in metabolic work employing radiocalcium as a tracer.
Direct extraction of one-loop integral coefficients

We present a general procedure for obtaining the coefficients of the scalar bubble and triangle integral functions of one-loop amplitudes. Coefficients are extracted by considering two-particle and triple unitarity cuts of the corresponding bubble and triangle integral functions. After choosing a specific parameterization of the cut loop momentum we can uniquely identify the coefficients of the desired integral functions simply by examining the behavior of the cut integrand as the unconstrained parameters of the cut loop momentum approach infinity. In this way we can produce compact forms for scalar integral coefficients. Applications of this method are presented for both QCD and electroweak processes, including an alternative form for the recently computed three-mass triangle coefficient in the six-photon amplitude A{sub 6}(1{sup -}, 2{sup +}, 3{sup -}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup -}, 6{sup +}). The direct nature of this extraction procedure allows for a very straightforward automation of the procedure.
SU-C-220-03: Texture-Based Identification of Pathologic Change on Temporally Subtracted Radiographic Chest Images

Purpose: Temporal subtraction images created from sequential chest radiographs provide a tool for the enhanced visualization of pathologic change. Although these images provide valuable information to radiologists, the presence of misregistration artifacts could confound the appreciation of actual pathologic change regions. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the automated identification of pathologic change depicted on temporal subtraction images using a texture‐based classification framework.Methods: Eighty‐eight temporal subtraction images derived from the posteroanterior chest radiographs of 49 patients were created using an existing temporal subtraction algorithm. With the corresponding computed tomography(CT) scan as a reference, an experienced radiologist manually outlined all regions of pathologic change on each subtraction image to provide the “truth.” Generated with each subtraction image was a corresponding “lung mask” image that defined the spatial extent of the lung fields within the image. Candidate pathologic change regions were segmented within the lung mask using a gray‐level thresholding technique, and morphological features computed for each region (e.g., area, circularity, perimeter) were used to reduce false positives. Texture features extracted from a 64×64‐pixel region of interest (ROI) placed over the centroid of each remaining candidate within the subtraction image were input to an automated linear discriminant classifier, which was trained using the regions of actual change outlined by the radiologist. Performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: A resubstitution classifier training/testing paradigm applied to the set of change region candidates yielded an area‐under‐the‐ROC‐curve value (Az) of 0.75. A 10‐fold cross validation training/testing paradigm for evaluating “truth” regions yielded Az=0.88 Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential for texture features to distinguish regions of pathologic change from misregistration artifacts on temporal subtraction images of the chest. Future work will seek to improve the extraction of initial region candidates. Disclosure statement: SGA and HM receive royalties and licensing fees through the University of Chicago related to computer‐aided diagnosis. HM is a consultant for Riverain Medical.
The localization of homolgous plasma proteins in the tissues of young human beings as demonstrated with fluorescent antibodies.

Employing fluorescent antibodies for the detection of homologous plasma proteins in tissue sections, the distribution of plasma albumin, γ-globulin, β-lipoprotein, β1-metal-combining globulin, and fibrinogen has been studied in the tissues of infants and children. Plasma albumin, γ-globulin, and β1-metal-combining globulin were found in many cells and particularly cell nuclei, connective tissues and interstitial spaces, lymphatics, and blood vessels. β-Lipoprotein was found mostly in the nuclei of all cell types while fibrinogen was restricted largely to the lymphatic and vascular channels, connective tissues and the interstitial spaces. The widespread distribution of these plasma proteins in cells and connective tissues indicates the magnitude of the extravascular plasma protein pool which is in equilibrium with circulating plasma. Unfortunately, these results do not permit accurate localization of the sites of production of these plasma proteins, but do give some idea of their intimate relationship to the tissues.
Research on the Reaction Behavior of Rare Earth Elements in Reduction

Occurrence state of rare earth elements in the different deoxidization stages and the behavior of rare earth elements in the process of depth reduction were studied by analyzing XRD and SEM images of Bayan Obo oxide ore in different deoxidization time. The results showed that deoxidization time had a great effect on the occurrence state of rare earth elements. With the increase of deoxidization time, rare earth minerals gradually translated from bastnaesite and urdite into (CaO•2Ce2O3•3SiO2).This phase was white with a small size. It was columnar or massive in most cases and could be easily separated from the iron phase. 97.18% of the rare earth elements, which could be recovered by flotation, gravity separation and magnetic separation, entered the iron tailings.
Cultural and Gender Differences in Risk-Taking Behavior among American and Spanish Decision Makers

(1991). Cultural and Gender Differences in Risk-Taking Behavior among American and Spanish Decision Makers. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 131, No. 5, pp. 741-742.
Current and emerging technologies for the study of bacteria in the outdoor air

Pathogenic bacteria dispersed into the outdoor air from natural events or human activity are an important concern affecting public health, agriculture, ecological health and international security. Recent studies in atmospheric microbiology have contributed to our ability to detect bacterial pathogens in air samples, increased our knowledge of the spatial and temporal dispersal of aerosolized bacteria and furthered our understanding of the natural bacterial diversity and composition of air. Significant questions remain about bacterial dispersal and diversity in outdoor air that will benefit from continued technological advances. These include determining spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol dispersal, identifying the links between detection, concentration and viability of bacterial pathogens and disease incidence, and documenting the composition and regional movement of bacterial species in air.
MMPI Profiles in Exacerbation and Remission of Multiple Sclerosis

Profile analysis of MMPI profiles generated by 30 patients displaying exacerbation (E) or remission (R) of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis is reported. Profiles classified as “abnormal” were sig...
Risk factors for readmission after neonatal cardiac surgery.

Abstract Background Repeat hospitalizations place a significant burden on health care resources. Factors predisposing infants to unplanned hospital readmission after congenital heart surgery are unknown. Methods This is a single-center, case-control study. Cases were rehospitalized or died within 30 days of discharge following an arterial switch operation (ASO) or Norwood procedure (NP) between 1992 and 2002. Controls underwent an ASO or NP between 1992 and 2002, and were neither readmitted nor died within 30 days of discharge. Patients and controls were matched by gender, year of birth, and procedure. Potential risk factors examined included indices of medical status at the time of discharge, determinants of access to health care, and provider characteristics. Results Forty-eight patients were readmitted; 19 of 498 (3.8%) following an ASO and 29 of 254 (11.4%) after a NP ( p p = 0.026); an intensive care unit stay greater than 7 days (OR 5.17 [1.12, 23.9] p = 0.035) (ASO); residual hemodynamic problem(s) (OR 5.84 [1.98, 17.2], p = 0.001); and establishment of full oral intake less than 2 days before discharge (OR 5.83 [1.83, 18.6], p = 0.003) (NP). Combining both groups, living in a low income Zip Code ( p = 0.027). Conclusions Residual hemodynamic problem(s) predispose to hospital readmission after the ASO and NP. Low socioeconomic status may reduce the likelihood of readmission even when problems arise.
Sublimation of MoO3 from WO3MoO3 catalysts during the oxidation of toluene

Abstract The sublimation of MoO 3 from an equimolar mixture of MoO 3 -WO 3 in the temperature range 450–675 °C was shown to be remarkably enhanced by the presence of 1% toluene in the air passed over the samples. The presence of a low temperature and high temperature mechanism was observed from Arrhenius plots of the weight loss data, with activation energies of 14.5 and 53 kcal/mole, respectively. In air, an activation energy of 82 kcal/mole was determined. The formation of water vapor as a product of the toluene oxidation resulting in the formation of volatile hydroxide species is proposed as the mechanism by which the sublimation was enhanced.
Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin for Stroke Prevention

To the Editor: We are responding to the review by Drs Albers and Amarenco about the use of clopidogrel plus aspirin for patients with cerebrovascular disease.1 We view the results of the Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) study, added to all of the clopidogrel data, as more supportive of the combination of clopidogrel plus aspirin in stroke-threatened patients. There is growing evidence to support the efficacy and safety of combination antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of vascular events. Combination therapies that inhibit platelet function by more than 1 mechanism may be more efficacious than single-agent approaches. The combination of clopidogrel with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has several beneficial features. Ex vivo studies have shown that clopidogrel plus ASA results in an 80% reduction in platelet aggregation using 20 μmol/L ADP as the stimulus based on light transmission aggregometry.2 This is a substantially greater reduction than with either drug alone. Other studies have also documented the enhanced antithrombotic effects of clopidogrel plus ASA.2,3⇓ There is extensive experience with clopidogrel plus ASA in patients who receive coronary artery stents. A meta-analysis of coronary stenting in 13 955 patients found that the clopidogrel-plus-ASA combination compared with the ticlopidine-plus-ASA combination was associated with a 50% risk reduction in major adverse cardiac events and a 56% risk reduction in mortality ( P =0.001 for both outcomes).4 The recently reported CURE study investigated the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel plus ASA in patients with acute coronary syndromes.5 This study of 12 562 randomized patients found that the clopidogrel-plus-ASA group showed a 20% relative risk reduction ( P <0.001), and a 2.1% absolute risk reduction, in the primary outcome of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death when compared with ASA plus placebo. The CURE study was not designed to …
ATP hydrolysis caused by acid-base transition of spinach chloroplasts.

Abstract ATP hydrolysis by spinach chloroplasts can be induced by A transition from acid to base. The reaction is dependent upon the presence of the sulfhydryl reagent, dithiothreitol, and requires mg. The acid-base induced ATPase is susceptible to the same inhibitors as the light triggered ATPase. The amount of ATP hydrolyzed is dependent on the size of the organic acid pool used. It is suggested that, despite some differences, acid-base induced ATP hydrolysis is the counterpart of acid-base induced ATP synthesis.
Changing government policy and its implications for nonprofit management education

Nonprofit management education and training programs have grown tremendously in the past twenty years, especially in graduate schools of public administration and policy. This growth reflects in part the sharp increase in the number of nonprofit organizations as well as important changes in public policy, such as greater emphasis on performance and accountability, shifts in government funding, and increased competition for public resources. These changes in public policy have also prompted an increase in hybrid organizations, including new partnerships, collaborations, and coalitions involving nonprofit organizations. This transformation of public policy and its effect on nonprofit organizations needs an integrated approach to nonprofit management education that entails the inclusion of nonprofit management content in the required curriculum of graduate public management programs. Given the changes in public policy and their impact on nonprofit organizations, new governance models are also needed to inform research, practice, and curricular development for nonprofit managers.
Clear-field reticle defect disposition for advanced sub-half-micron lithography

Abstract The focus of this work is to provide a methodology to accurately disposition clear field contaminants at the reticle inspection station. A test mask was designed with programmed resist and chrome defects to simulate clear field contamination. Wafers were printed using a variety of O.5Ojim/O.35im IO.25im lithography processes. We determine printability using I-line and DUV resist under different illumination conditions. We demonstrate that aerial image simulation and defect size are the most practical methodologies to disposition semi-transparent defects. We show Aerial image simulation to correlate with printed wafer results for soft defects.Keywords: reticle, photomask, soft defects, inspection, lithography, printability, AIMS, contamination 1. Introduction As the capability of advanced reticle inspection tools increases, a very large number of defects canbe observed on photomasks which were not previously detectable. Many of these defects may be semi-transparent at the inspection wavelength, but opaque in the photolithography process. Thus, the practiceof dispositioning photomasks based upon opaque defect size alone is in question. With sophisticated tools
The energy crisis: A process of social definition

The concept of an energy crisis is seen to have emerged out of a social process and is a metaphor linked to a sequence of events. A property of the metaphor is to emphasize certain aspects and obscure other aspects of the sequence of events to which it refers. When compared to the historical events, this metaphor has obscured the role of government and the oil industry in the development of policies of high petroleum consumption and dependency on imports while emphasis has been placed on the role of the consumer. The success of the metaphor can be seen both in the usage of the metaphor in political debates and the unwillingness of people to question the reality of the crisis or to consider changes in the institutions of energy. Explanations of a new awareness of the depletion of non-renewable resources do not adequately explain the success of the metaphor. The success of the metaphor may have some positive value but a number of negative effects are also occurring.
Pathologic changes induced by coal-fired fly ash in hamster tracheal grafts☆

Abstract The toxicity of fly ash from a coal-fired power plant for respiratory tract epithelium was studied in heterotropic tracheal grafts. Hamster tracheal grafts were continuously exposed to beeswax-cholesterol pellets containing 100, 1000 and 5000 μg fly ash and evaluated at 1, 2, 4 and 14–15 months of exposure. Histopathologic effects and the autoradiographic pattern of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation were determined. In all concentrations of fly ash, an early mild submucosal inflammatory response was seen. Morphologic response of the tracheal epithelium was characterized by hyperplasia followed by squamous metaplasia and atrophic lesions. Although a rare papillomatous structure with cellular atypia was seen in grafts receiving 1000 μg fly ash, no carcinomas appeared during the 15-month observation period. Varying degrees of submucosal toxicity were also observed during this time period. Autoradiographic studies showed a significant increase in [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation in grafts receiving fly ash treatment.
Pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist ratios: A state-driven safety and quality decision

Objective To discuss the policy of pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist ratios by comparing Florida as an example of legislative-led authority versus Tennessee as an example of board of pharmacy-led ruling. Summary Over the past 2 years, the Florida legislature has debated the issue of pharmacy staffing ratios, initially leaving the Florida Board of Pharmacy with little authority to advocate for and enact safe technician staffing ratios. Anticipating this situation, the Tennessee Board of Pharmacy created rules to meet pharmacy staffing needs while protecting the authority of the pharmacist-in-charge and promoting patient safety. Before enacting rules, members of the board toured the state and talked about proposed rule changes with pharmacists. The final rule sets the pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist ratio at 2:1 but permits a 4:1 ratio based on public safety considerations and availability of at least two Certified Pharmacy Technicians. Conclusion Pharmacists and leaders within the profession should conduct further research on appropriate and safe ratios of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists, with a focus on safety and quality of care.
Corrigendum: Corrigendum to Identifying consumer consideration set at the purchase time from aggregate purchase data in online retailing [Decis. Support Syst. 53/3 (2012) 625-633]

Corrigendum to “Identifying consumer consideration set at the purchase time from aggregate purchase data in online retailing” [Decis. Support Syst. 53/3 (2012) 625–633] Bin Gu⁎, Prabhudev Konana, Hsuan-Wei Michelle Chen a Department of Information Systems, W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874606, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA b Department of Information, Risk, and Operations Management, McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin, CBA 5.202, B6500, Austin, TX 78712, USA c School of Library and Information Science, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
Occurrence of large silica fume-derived paticles in hydrated cement paste

Abstract In an examination of a 1-year old hydrated silica fume bearing cement paste a number of large (35–80 μm) rounded siliceous particles were found that had apparently been derived from the coarse fraction of the silica fume. Calcium had diffused inward from the periphery of the grains, and in most cases had reached the centet. The Ca:Si mole ratio near the outer zone was almost the same as that in the surrounding matrix CSH gel, but decreased continuously with distance toward the center. Potassium and sodium were also found within the particles, but were distributed inversely to the calcium, i.e. increasing toward the center. The reaction product generated here appears to be CSH and not potentially expansive alkali silica reaction product gel, although such gel might be produced with high alkali cements.
Accuracy of self-reported weight in patients with binge eating disorder.

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported weight in patients with binge eating disorder. Method Subjects were 108 adults who were consecutively evaluated for outpatient clinical trials and met DSM-IV criteria for binge eating disorder. Self-reported and measured weights were taken and participants were administered a battery of measures to examine correlates of reporting error. In addition, accurate reporters of weight (i.e., individuals who reported their weight within 5 lb of their measured weight) were compared to underreporters (i.e., individuals who underreported their weight by more than 5 lb) on eating disorder psychopathology and conceptually related measures. Results Overall, most binge eating disorder subjects were accurate in reporting weight: 73% were accurate within 5 lb and 82% were accurate within 10 lb. Self-reported and measured body mass index were highly correlated and the magnitude of the difference was nonsignificant. Body mass index was not significantly associated with the degree of accuracy, that is, accurate reporters weighed about the same as underreporters. Accurate reporters and underreporters did not differ on measures of overeating behaviors, eating disorder psychopathology, and conceptually related measures. Discussion These findings suggest that most patients with binge eating disorder were accurate in self-reporting weight. Unlike findings in healthy samples, heavier patients with binge eating disorder were not more likely to underreport weight. Similar to findings in patients with bulimia nervosa, eating disorder psychopathology was not related to reporting error. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 29-36, 2001.
Upwelling radiance at 976 nm measured from space using the OPALS CCD camera on the ISS

The Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) Flight System on-board the International Space Station uses a charge coupled device (CCD) camera to detect a beacon laser from Earth. Relative measurements of the background contributed by upwelling radiance under diverse illumination conditions and varying surface terrain is presented. In some cases clouds in the field-of-view allowed a comparison of terrestrial and cloud-top upwelling radiance. In this paper we will report these measurements and examine the extent of agreement with atmospheric model predictions.