cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytosolic acidification stimulates a calcium influx that activates Na+-H+ exchange in LLC-PK1

We have previously shown that cytosolic acidification-stimulated Na(+)-H+ exchange in LLC-PK1 cells is inhibited by calmodulin antagonists. To investigate further the role of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent processes in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in these cells, we studied the effects of pHi changes on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In fura-2/acetoxymethylester (fura-2/AM)-loaded cells maintained in isotonic Na(+)-free buffer containing 1.8 mM CaCl2, [Ca2+]i was 168 +/- 59 nM (n = 5). After NH4Cl-induced alkalinization, [Ca2+]i decreased to 83 +/- 28 nM and partially recovered to 126 +/- 42 nM. Cytosolic acidification, after NH4Cl washout, caused an increase in [Ca2+]i to 481 +/- 166 nM (P less than 0.05; n = 5) that was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. An increase in [Ca2+]i was also observed in cells acidified with KCl-nigericin, with a return of [Ca2+]i to baseline with cell alkalinization. No increase in 45Ca2+ efflux occurred in association with initial NH4Cl-induced [Ca2+]i decrease, suggesting Ca2+ flux into an intracellular store during alkalinization. Membrane depolarization did not alter [Ca2+]i. The acidification-induced [Ca2+]i increase was inhibited by preincubation with verapamil or the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7). Na(+)-dependent pHi recovery in 2,'7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethylester (BCECF/AM)-loaded LLC-PK1 cells and cytosolic acidification-stimulated basolateral Na(+)-H+ exchange activity in LLC-PK1/CL4 cells were both attenuated in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. The results indicate that cytosolic acidification activates an influx of extracellular Ca2+ in LLC-PK1 cells. Furthermore, in the absence of Ca2+ influx, Na(+)-H+ exchange is inhibited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Peroperative irradiation: the Massachusetts General Hospital technic and current experience].

Intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT) is a technique developed since the early 60s mainly in Japan and in the U.S.A. It usually consists of a single fraction of electrons given intra-operatively. Doses range from 10 to 35 Gy and may be combined with external beam irradiation. The salient advantages are: 1) a better target volume definition with the surgeon; 2) the possibility of removing normal structures (such as the small bowel) from the beam and of so delivering a much higher tumor dose. The disadvantages are: 1) theoretically, a lesser effect on hypoxic cells compared with a fractionated regimen; 2) a requirement for perfect cooperation between surgeon and radiotherapist; 3) a cumbersome apparatus. From pilot studies conducted so far, it appears that advanced poorly or unresectable rectal carcinomas, retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas and gastric carcinomas may benefit from such an approach while resected or unresectable pancreatic carcinomas, in spite of extensive evaluation, do not. The management of prostatic, bladder, cerebral, intrathoracic and gynecologic malignancies with IORT is undergoing active prospective studies in some 60 Japanese, American (and, in 1986, 7 French) centers. The major technical issues and drawbacks of this technique will also be discussed.
Effect of exercise on coronary pressure-flow relationship in hypertrophied left ventricle

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) secondary to chronic pressure overload is associated with increased susceptibility to myocardial hypoperfusion and ischemia during exercise. The present stud...
Prognostic significance of mild aortic regurgitation in predicting mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Abstract Objective Moderate to severe aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with worse outcomes. The impact of mild aortic regurgitation has been less clear, possibly because of the broad categories that have been used in clinical trials, but holds increasing importance in the study of next-generation devices in low- and intermediate-risk cohorts. A more granular scheme, which is common in clinical practice and proposed for future trials, may add prognostic value. Methods We evaluated all patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement at the Cleveland Clinic from 2006 to 2012. The degree of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement was reported from the echocardiography database based on a clinical, transthoracic echocardiogram performed within 30 days of the procedure. Aortic regurgitation was finely discriminated on the basis of a multiwindow, multiparametric, integrative approach using our usual clinical scale: none, trivial to 1+, 1+, 1 to 2+, 2+, 2 to 3+, 3+, 3 to 4+, or 4+. Results There were 237 patients included in the analysis. By controlling for age, gender, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, baseline ejection fraction, and aortic regurgitation before transcatheter aortic valve replacement, there was a significant increase in mortality for each half grade of aortic regurgitation compared with the complete absence of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The unit hazard ratio for each 1+ increase in aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement was 2.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-3.43; P Conclusions Even mild aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with worse long-term mortality. There may be prognostic value in reporting milder categories of aortic regurgitation with more granular gradations.
A 3-page standard protocol to evaluate rheumatoid arthritis (SPERA) : Efficient capture of essential data for clinical trials and observational studies

An efficient 3-page format known as the "standard protocol to evaluate rheumatoid arthritis" (SPERA) has been developed to collect essential baseline clinical data in clinical trials and clinical research studies. The three pages address: 1) clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 2) medications taken, and 3) a 42-joint count. Two additional documents, a patient questionnaire and a radiographic scoring sheet, are included for a comprehensive database. The 15-20 minutes needed to complete the SPERA generally adds efficiency over time in standard clinical care, and does not preclude the collection of additional information for clinical care and/or clinical research. The SPERA is presented not as the most desirable format, but rather as an example of a possible approach to the development of a consensus in the rheumatology community regarding a common format for the collection of core clinical data in RA.
Advanced coating techniques for photoresist TEM sample preparation

Hard baked photoresist structures tend to deform under FIB-TEM sample preparation. This study shows how different coating methods during sample preparation will affect the photoresist profile under TEM. It turns out that PECYD oxide is the most outstanding coating method to maintain the photoresist profile with minimum deformation. Further PECYD parameter optimization is also demonstrated.
Insight into the motivation of selfie postings: impression management and self-esteem

Purpose Social media enables consumers to regularly express themselves in a variety of ways. Selfie-postings are the new tool for self-presentation, particularly among millennials. The purpose of this paper is to identify the motivations associated with selfie-postings among female millennials. Design/methodology/approach The exploratory study consisted of 15 in-depth interviews with women who were 19-30 years of age. The analysis of data was facilitated by an iterative constant comparison method between data, emerging concepts and extant literature. Findings Textual analysis reveals impression management to be pivotal in understanding the consumer selfie-posting process. Other sub-themes include happiness and physical appearance. In addition, self-esteem was revealed as a motivator and an outcome. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to females who were 19-30 years of age. Future research should include males and a wider age group and focus on empirical testing of the identified themes. Practical implications This research sheds light on the motivation and outcomes associated with selfie-postings. Implications for marketers and advertisers include a better understanding of how to engage consumers to post content in the form of selfies with brands and products. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to explore the growing trend of selfie-postings and contributes to academic literature in consumer behavior by identifying the motivations of selfie-postings.
The History of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Emory University

Over the past 50 years, the Emory Cardiothoracic Surgical Program has become one of the premier training programs in the United States. During this time, the Emory program has been sequentially led by Drs Osler Abbott, Charles Hatcher, and Robert Guyton. The program has grown from single faculty member to 25, and the culture of team collaboration, clinical excellence, research, and teaching established by Dr Hatcher has continued under the leadership of Dr Guyton for the past 26 years.
Defective retrograde transport impairs autophagic clearance in Alzheimer disease neurons

Macroautophagy/autophagy plays a key role in cellular quality control by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles, which is essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. Defective autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). In AD brains, autophagic vacuoles (AVs) accumulate massively within dystrophic neurites. This raises a fundamental question as to whether impaired autophagic clearance contributes to AD-associated autophagic stress. We recently revealed that AD neurons display defective retrograde transport and accumulation of amphisomes predominantly in axons and presynaptic terminals. Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers are enriched in axons and interact with dynein motors. This interaction interferes with the coupling of the dynein motor with its adaptor SNAPIN. Such deficits disrupt dynein-driven retrograde transport of amphisomes, thus trapping them in distal axons and impairing their degradation in the soma. Therefore, our study provides new mechanistic insights into AD-linked autophagic pathology, and builds a foundation for developing potential AD therapeutic strategies by rescuing retrograde transport of amphisomes.
Differences in STEM doctoral publication by ethnicity, gender and academic field at a large public research university

Two independent surveys of PhD students in STEM fields at the University of California, Berkeley, indicate that underrepresented minorities (URMs) publish at significantly lower rates than non-URM males, placing the former at a significant disadvantage as they compete for postdoctoral and faculty positions. Differences as a function of gender reveal a similar, though less consistent, pattern. A conspicuous exception is Berkeley's College of Chemistry, where publication rates are tightly clustered as a function of ethnicity and gender, and where PhD students experience a highly structured program that includes early and systematic involvement in research, as well as clear expectations for publishing. Social science research supports the hypothesis that this more structured environment hastens the successful induction of diverse groups into the high-performance STEM academic track.
Strategies to Enhance Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment Following Transplantation

Following intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) during hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), HSPCs home to and engraft in marrow niche microenvironment, which ultimately leads to reconstitution of whole immunological and hematological repertoire of the recipient. The homing and engraftment of HSPCs occur relatively early (during the initial stage of HCT), but have major impacts on the success and outcomes of transplantation. HSPC homing and engraftment require well-coordinated interplay involving various cells (endothelial cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and other mesenchymal stem cells), cytokines and chemokines, soluble and membrane-bound factors, as well as extracellular matrix. Many aspects and the detailed mechanisms regulating HSPC homing and engraftment still remain to be elucidated. In this chapter, we first provide a brief overview of HSPC homing and engraftment processes and the interactions between HSPCs and various cell types and different molecules in the niche microenvironment. We then summarize several strategies to enhance HSPC homing and engraftment during HCT. In particular, we present ongoing studies in our laboratories using CXCR4 antagonists to enhance donor cell engraftment following HCT.
The Rising Tide Is Not Lifting All Ships Equally

All ships aren't rising in the U.S. workplace. Since 1989, the economy has grown by 18 percent, and corporate profits have doubled to $760 billion. In the same years, wages and benefits have gone up 2.8 percent. But even that meager growth hasn't been evenly distributed. At many companies ... an upper tier of "core" workers enjoys the best pay, benefits, and wage hikes. Below them is the second tier, an amalgam of part-time or tem porary help that costs much less but enables the [companies] to remain flexible and competitive. ( Pederson, 1997 )
Safety of Flexible Bronchoscopy

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a procedure widely utilized in the diagnosis and management of different lung pathologies. The safety of FB in different high-risk patient populations such as severe asthma, pulmonary hypertension, COPD, immunosuppresion, obesity, elderly, increased intracranial pressure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for cardiogenic shock/respiratory failure, and non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation has been advocated in numerous retrospective and prospective studies. FB is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool with low incidence of adverse events that can be safely offered to high-risk patients with pulmonary disease.
Does social context matter? An ecological momentary assessment study of marijuana use among college students.

Abstract Introduction Past research has shown that marijuana use occurs commonly in social situations for young adults, though few studies have examined the association between immediate social context and marijuana use patterns and associated problems. The current study examined the impact of demographics, marijuana use and problem use, alcohol use, craving, and social context on the likelihood of using marijuana with others via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Methods College-student marijuana users (N = 56) were recruited and completed a baseline assessment and training on the two-week signal-contingent EMA protocol. Participants were sent text messages three times per day randomly for two weeks. Results Of the 1131 EMA instances during which participants reported using marijuana, 862 (76.22%) were labeled as being with others. Forty-five participants (80.36%) reported marijuana use with others present during at least half of the times they used marijuana. Findings from a multilevel logistic regression model showed a significant positive association between the probability of using with others and minutes spent using marijuana (b = 0.047, p Conclusions Cannabis dependence, more time using marijuana in the moment, and using for social facilitation purposes were positively associated with using marijuana in the context of being with others. Daily users had more variability in terms of the social context of their use. This study illustrates the complex relationship between social context and marijuana use.
Mood changes with methotrexate therapy for dermatologic disease

Neurotoxicity and cognitive effects of low-dose methotrexate for rheumatologic disease have often been described, but the neuropsychiatric effects of low-dose methotrexate for cutaneous disease have been underreported in the dermatology literature. We describe two children who experienced mood changes with methotrexate treatment for lichen sclerosus with morphea overlap and psoriasis, with rapid resolution of these symptoms after methotrexate cessation. We also detail possible mechanisms underlying psychiatric changes with methotrexate therapy.
Evolving Linear Chromosomes and Telomeres: A C-Strand-Centric View

Recent studies have resulted in deeper understanding of a variety of telomere maintenance mechanisms as well as plausible models of telomere evolution. Often overlooked in the discussion of telomere regulation and evolution is the synthesis of the DNA strand that bears the 5′-end (i.e., the C-strand). Herein, I describe a scenario for telomere evolution that more explicitly accounts for the evolution of the C-strand synthesis machinery. In this model, CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST), the G-strand-binding complex that regulates primase-Pol α-mediated C-strand synthesis, emerges as a pivotal player and evolutionary link. Itself arising from RPA, CST not only coordinates telomere synthesis, but also gives rise to the POT1-TPP1 complex, which became part of shelterin and regulates telomerase in G-strand elongation.
Large-Scale Transient Sensitivity Analysis of a Radiation-Damaged Bipolar Junction Transistor via Automatic Differentiation

Automatic differentiation (AD) is useful in transient sensitivity analysis of a computational simulation of a bipolar junction transistor subject to radiation damage. We used forward-mode AD, implemented in a new Trilinos package called Sacado, to compute analytic derivatives for implicit time integration and forward sensitivity analysis. Sacado addresses element-based simulation codes written in C++ and works well with forward sensitivity analysis as implemented in the Trilinos time-integration package Rythmos. The forward sensitivity calculation is significantly more efficient and robust than finite differencing.
Building Bridges or Building Walls? Explaining Regionalization Among Transnational Social Movement Organizations

Before the mid-1980s, most transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs) organized across the North-South divide. However, since the mid-1980s data show that more TSMOs are organized exclusively within either the global North or South. To explain this pattern, I analyze ties between regionally organized TSMOs and other nongovernmental organizations. Groups in the global South were more likely than their Northern counterparts to maintain cross-regional ties. At the same time, Northern groups "were significantly more likely to report only regional ties. Environmental and women's organizations were the most likely to maintain only regional ties while economic justice and human rights organizations were the most likely to report cross-regional ties. These findings suggest that the regionalization of TSMOs is best explained as a response to the institutional environment rather than a consequence of inframovement conflict and polarization. © Mobilization: An International Journal.
How Gratitude Relates to Burnout and Job Satisfaction in Mental Health Professionals

This study investigated how gratitude relates to burnout and job satisfaction in mental health professionals. Sixty-five mental health professionals (counselors, case managers, clinical administrators/supervisors, employment/housing specialists, social workers, psychologists) completed questionnaires assessing demographics, job context variables, hope, gratitude, burnout, and job satisfaction. Consistent with hypotheses, workplace-specific gratitude predicted emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job satisfaction after controlling for demographic/job contextual variables, hope, and dispositional gratitude. In addition, dispositional gratitude predicted personal accomplishment after controlling for demographic/job contextual variables but not after controlling for hope. Implications for counselors and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Hemolytic complement and its components in Syrian hamsters: a study of five strains uninfected and infected with Brugia pahangi.

Few studies have been done on the hamster complement system (C). Our previous study showed that sensitized sheep erythrocytes were the best target cells for the hemolytic action of hamster C. The reaction proceeded best at pH 7.3, at an ionic strength of 0.147 and in the presence of lmM Mg2+ and 0.3mM Ca2+ (1). All nine C components were tested in hamsters by use of commercially prepared cellular intermediates of sensitized sheep erythrocytes and guinea pig (C1, C8 and C9) and human C components (C2, C3, C4, C5–7) (1). Successful testing of hamster total C, C1, C4, and C2 has been reported (2). Other workers (3) reporting on C6 deficiency in unspecified strains of Syrian hamsters found a correlation of this deficiency with a high incidence of proliferative enteritis.
Case 69: Bleeding After Oral Surgery

A 55-year-old man (74 kg, 5 ft 11 in.) is admitted with a painful ulcerative lesion in the left retromolar area. The lesion is 1.5 cm. A biopsy of the lesion under local anesthesia 2 days ago has revealed a carcinoma in situ. He is scheduled today for a wide excision with periosteal stripping of the mandible. He has a long history of depression for which he takes sertraline (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)) 100 mg daily. Since he has had a lot of pain, he has been taking naproxen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) 500 mg twice daily. He also smokes about 20 cigarettes and drinks 5 units of alcohol/day. He denies other medical concerns and he has no allergies. Physical exam is none contributory. His EKG and laboratory results are all normal including the coagulation results. He is very nervous and you give him 6 mg of midazolam prior to coming to the operating room. You anesthetize him in a routine manner with fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium. His airway is secured with an oral endotracheal tube. The anesthesia maintenance is with N2O in 30% oxygen and desflurane. At the end of surgery, the wound is closed and hemostasis is achieved. The patient’s MAP at the time of closing was 10% below the starting MAP. The patient is taken to the recovery room awake, pain free, and with stable vital signs. An hour later you are called stat to the recovery room.
Effects of Hypercarbia and Porta-Caval Shunting on Amino Acids and High Energy Phosphates of the Rat Brain: a 1H and 31P NMR Study

Intracellular acidosis and hyperammonemia are associated with numerous metabolic encephalopathies. Conditions such as cerebral hypoxia, ischemia, seizures, and hypercarbia are accompanied by marked increases in intracellular [H+] and [NH 4 + ]. Changes in either [H+] or [NH 4 + ] lead to changes in the concentrations of cerebral amino acids and metabolic intermediates of both the glycolytic and TCA cycle (Miller et al, 1975; Cooper and Lai, 1987). The mechanism(s) involved and the site(s) of regulation of substrate flux by changes in the concentrations of these ions is not known with certainty. It is known that nearly all encephalopathies that involve an increase in ammonium ion concentration are accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of cerebral glutamate and an increase in glutamine. Hypercarbic acidosis also results in a decrease in the concentration of glutamate in rat brain and an increase of glutamine and ammonium ion (Folbergrova et al, 1972; Miller et al, 1975). It is important to note that neither acute hyperammonemia (Fitzpatrick et al, 1989) nor porta-caval shunting affects intracellular pH (Fitzpatrick et al, 1988); therefore, changes in pHi cannot be responsible for the decrease in glutamate, observed in response to elevated ammonium ion.
Methods of fluorescence in situ hybridization on extended DNA fibers (Fiber-FISH)

Fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-FISH) is a cytogenetic technique that can be used to visualize DNA probes on extended DNA fibers. Fiber-FISH provides a significantly higher mapping resolution than do the chromosome- or chromatin-based cytogenetic mapping techniques. Here we report a simple procedure for performing fiber-FISH. In general, we consider the overall protocol to comprise four distinct steps, each of which is critical to the success of the experiment: the isolation of nuclei from plant tissue, the extension of fibers on glass slides, the hybridization of labeled DNA probes to denatured DNA fibers, and the immunodetection of the probes. We end the protocol discussion by addressing some of the more frequently asked questions with regard to common problems encountered and the technical limitations of the procedure.
Top-Down Design of Human—Computer Interfaces

Systematic examination of publications on the design and the implementation of human—computer interfaces reveals the surprising fact that, although computer scientists refer to such interfaces, the definition of what a human—computer interface is has not been explicated.
Targeting of SGK1 by miR-576-3p Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Migration and Invasion

Metastatic lung cancer is common in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, but the molecular mechanisms of metastasis remain incompletely resolved. miRNA regulate gene expression and contribute to cancer development and progression. This report identifies miR-576-3p and its mechanism of action in lung cancer progression. miR-576-3p was determined to be significantly decreased in clinical specimens of late-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of miR-576-3p in lung adenocarcinoma cells decreased mesenchymal marker expression and inhibited migration and invasion. Inhibition of miR-576-3p in nonmalignant lung epithelial cells increased migration and invasion as well as mesenchymal markers. Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) was a direct target of miR-576-3p, and modulation of miR-576-3p levels led to alterations in SGK1 protein and mRNA as well as changes in activation of its downstream target linked to metastasis, N-myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1). Loss of the ability of miR-576-3p to bind the 3'-UTR of SGK1 rescued the inhibition in migration and invasion observed with miR-576-3p overexpression. In addition, increased SGK1 levels were detected in lung adenocarcinoma patient samples expressing mesenchymal markers, and pharmacologic inhibition of SGK1 resulted in a similar inhibition of migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells as observed with miR-576-3p overexpression. Together, these results reveal miR-576-3p downregulation is selected for in late-stage lung adenocarcinoma due to its ability to inhibit migration and invasion by targeting SGK1. Furthermore, these results also support targeting SGK1 as a potential therapeutic for lung adenocarcinoma. IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals SGK1 inhibition with miR-576-3p or pharmacologically inhibits migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma, providing mechanistic insights into late-stage lung adenocarcinoma and a potential new treatment avenue.
A multicenter comparison of MOG-IgG cell-based assays

Objectives To compares 3 different myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–immunoglobulin G (IgG) cell-based assays (CBAs) from 3 international centers. Methods Serum samples from 394 patients were as follows: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (28), seronegative neuromyelitis optica (27), optic neuritis (21 single, 2 relapsing), and longitudinally extensive (10 single, 3 recurrent). The control samples were from patients with multiple sclerosis (244), hypergammaglobulinemia (42), and other (17). Seropositivity was determined by visual observation on a fluorescence microscope (Euroimmun fixed CBA, Oxford live cell CBA) or flow cytometry (Mayo live cell fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay). Results Of 25 samples positive by any methodology, 21 were concordant on all 3 assays, 2 were positive at Oxford and Euroimmun, and 2 were positive only at Oxford. Euroimmun, Mayo, and Oxford results were as follows: clinical specificity 98.1%, 99.6%, and 100%; positive predictive values (PPVs) 82.1%, 95.5%, and 100%; and negative predictive values 79.0%, 78.8%, and 79.8%. Of 5 false-positives, 1 was positive at both Euroimmun and Mayo and 4 were positive at Euroimmun alone. Conclusions Overall, a high degree of agreement was observed across 3 different MOG-IgG CBAs. Both live cell-based methodologies had superior PPVs to the fixed cell assays, indicating that positive results in these assays are more reliable indicators of MOG autoimmune spectrum disorders.
ASC-FFT: Area-Efficient Low-Latency FFT Design Based on Asynchronous Stochastic Computing

Asynchronous Stochastic Computing (ASC) is a new paradigm that addresses Synchronous Stochastic Computing (SSC) drawbacks, expensive stochastic number generation (SNG) and long latency, by using continuous time streams (CTS). To go beyond the basic operations of addition and multiplication in ASC we need to incorporate a memory element. Although for SSC the natural memory element is a clocked-flip-flop, using the same approach with no synchronized data leads to unacceptable large error. In this paper, we propose to use a capacitor embedded in a feedback loop as the ASC memory element. Based on this idea, we design a low-error asynchronous adder that stores the carry information in the capacitor. Our adder enables the implementation of more complex computation logic. As an example, we implement an asynchronous stochastic Fast Fourier Transform (ASC-FFT) using a FinFET1X1 technology. The proposed adder requires 76%-24% less hardware cost compared against conventional and SSC adders respectively. Besides, the ASC-FFT shows 3X less latency when compared with SSC-FFT approaches and significant improvements in latency and area over conventional FFT architectures with no degradation of the computation accuracy measured by the FFT Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Influence of litter size and creep feeding on preweaning gain and influence of preweaning growth on growth to slaughter in barrows

The importance of birth-to-weaning average daily gain as a determinant of weight at a final age and yield of marketable pork was investigated. Treatments were imposed to create variation in birth-to-weaning ADG independent of birth weight. Newborn pigs were cross-fostered to create litters of four through 14 pigs/litter. Creep feed was offered to pigs from 5 d of age or during last 2 d before weaning at 13 to 20 d (average = 17 d). Growth rate and carcass dissection data were obtained from 195 barrows that were slaughtered at an average age of 170 d (SD = 7.5), weight of 109 kg (SD = 10.5). All traits measured were influenced by birth dam and sire (P 8) litters. Importance of the independent variables birth weight, birth-to-weaning ADG, weaning weight, and birth weight plus birth-to-weaning ADG in determination of measures of postweaning growth and yield of marketable pork were examined by step-down regression analysis. Initial models included the linear and quadratic effects of the independent variables. In general, R 2 for models ranked birth weight < birth-to-weaning ADG < d-17 weaning weight < birth weight + birth-to-weaning ADG. The R 2 of models for BW at 170 d of age were 0.11 (P < 0.01) using birth weight as the independent variable, 0.16 (P < 0.01) using birth-to-weaning ADG, 0.19 (P < 0.01) using d-17 weaning weight, and 0.21 (P < 0. 01) using birth weight + birth-to-weaning ADG. The model for effect of birth-to-weaning ADG on BW at 170 d of age indicated that a 10-g advantage in birth-to-weaning ADG produced a 0.94-kg advantage in BW at 170 d of age. Positive relationships (P < 0.05) between birth-to-weaning ADG and measures of postweaning growth and carcass yield suggest management practices that increase birth-to-weaning ADG may be advantageous in pork production.
Colorectal cancer screening: Understanding the health literacy needs of hispanic rural residents.

Purpose: Hispanics residing in rural areas are among those who are least likely to be screened for colorectal cancer (CRC) and more likely to present with late stage CRC than other racial or ethnic groups. We conducted a pilot study utilizing a mixed-method approach to explore perceptions of CRC and CRC screening among Hispanic adults residing in South Texas rural communities and to identify health literacy needs associated with CRC screening uptake. Methods: A convenience sample of 58 participants, aged 35–65, were recruited to complete questionnaires and participate in focus groups, ranging in size from 4 to 13 participants. Six focus groups were conducted across 3 adjacent rural counties. A semi-structured moderator’s guide was designed to elicit discussion about participants’ experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of CRC and CRC screening. Findings: Lack of knowledge of CRC and CRC screening as cancer prevention was a common theme across focus groups. A majority, 59%, reported never been screened. Thirty-nine percent reported they had been screened for colon cancer and 5% reported they did not know if they had been screened. Participants with lower educational levels perceived themselves at high risk for developing CRC polyps, would not want to know if they had CRC, and if they did have CRC, would not want to know until the very end. Limited information about CRC and CRC screening, a lack of specialized providers, limited transportation assistance, and compromised personal privacy in small-town medical facilities were perceived to be barriers to CRC screening. Conclusions: Low screening rates persist among rural Hispanics. Improving CRC screening literacy and addressing factors unique to rural Hispanics may be a beneficial strategy for reducing screening disparities in this at-risk population.
Routine Prescription of Opioids for Post-Vasectomy Pain Control Associated with Persistent Use.

Purpose:The AUA (American Urological Association) Position Statement on opioid use recommends using opioids only when necessary. We sought to determine if routine prescribing of opioids is necessar...
Efficient Process-in-Memory Architecture Design for Unsupervised GAN-based Deep Learning using ReRAM

The ending of Moore's Law makes domain-specific architecture as the future of computing. The most representative is the emergence of various deep learning accelerators. Among the proposed solutions, resistive random access memory (ReRAM) based process-in-memory (PIM) architecture is anticipated as a promising candidate because ReRAM has the capability of both data storage and in-situ computation. However, we found that existing solutions are unable to efficiently support the computational needs required by the training of unsupervised generative adversarial networks (GANs), due to the lack of the following two features: 1) Computation efficiency: GAN utilizes a new operator, called transposed convolution. It inserts massive zeros in its input before a convolution operation, resulting in significant resource under-utilization; 2) Data traffic: The data intensive training process of GANs often incurs structural heavy data traffic as well as frequent massive data swaps. Our research follows the PIM strategy by leveraging the energy-efficiency of ReRAM arrays for vector-matrix multiplication to enhance the performance and energy efficiency. Specifically, we propose a novel computation deformation technique that can skip zero-insertions in transposed convolution for computation efficiency improvement. Moreover, we explore an efficient pipelined training procedure to reduce on-chip memory access. The implementation of related circuits and architecture is also discussed. At the end, we present our perspective on the future trend and opportunities of deep learning accelerators.
Genetic data partnerships: academic publications with privately owned or generated genetic data.

Access to large genetic data sets, many of which are privately owned, is essential to precision medicine and other research protocols. Academic researchers are increasingly capitalizing on this privately held data. Our goal is to understand these private–academic “genetic data partnerships.” We analyzed publications using human genetic data generated or held by major private genetic testing companies that were indexed in PubMed between 2011 and 2017. We found that (1) the number of publications using private genetic data is increasing over time (from 4 in 2011 to 57 in 2017); (2) there are two main models of data-sharing, including researchers using existing private data held by industry (n = 172) or researchers sending in new samples for analysis (n = 6); (3) 45% of the publications were supported at least in part by the National Institutes of Health; and (4) the type of contributor consent is not disclosed/unclear in the publication almost half (43%) the time. Privately held or analyzed genetic databanks offer academic researchers the opportunity to efficiently access large amounts of genetic data. But more transparency should be encouraged, if not required, to ensure the proper notification of contributors and to further understand the use of public research funds for private collaborations.
2D J-correlated proton NMR experiments for structural fingerprinting of biotherapeutics.

Abstract The higher order structure (HOS) of protein therapeutics is essential for drug safety and efficacy and can be evaluated by two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at atomic resolution. 1H n -15N amide correlated and 1H-13C methyl correlated NMR spectroscopies at natural isotopic abundance have been demonstrated as feasible on protein therapeutics as large as monoclonal antibodies and show great promise for use in establishing drug substance structural consistency across manufacturing changes and in comparing a biosimilar to an originator reference product. Spectral fingerprints from 1H n -1Hα correlations acquired using 2D homonuclear proton-proton J-correlated NMR experiments provide a complementary approach for high-resolution assessment of the HOS of lower molecular weight (
Shoulder Pseudodislocation Associated with Calcific Tendinitis/Bursitis and Diagnosed by Point of Care Ultrasound.

Abstract Background Shoulder pseudodislocation, or “drooping shoulder,” presents with acute pain and deformity of the joint, with radiographs demonstrating inferior subluxation of the humeral head relative to the glenoid fossa. The diagnosis must be made promptly and distinguished from true glenohumeral dislocation, both to avoid unnecessary attempts at closed reduction and to facilitate investigation of the underlying cause, which may include septic arthritis, hemarthrosis, or other emergent etiologies. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may be useful in the evaluation of emergency department (ED) patients with suspected pseudodislocation. Case Report A 50-year old female presented to the ED with an acutely painful and deformed shoulder but atypical history and physical examination. Initial radiography appeared to show a glenohumeral dislocation, but POCUS, done to guide intra-articular lidocaine injection, led to recognition of pseudodislocation and subsequent diagnosis of calcific tendinitis/bursitis, a condition not previously associated with inferior humeral subluxation. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Shoulder pseudodislocation must be considered in the evaluation of patients with suspected glenohumeral dislocation, but atypical features on history, physical examination, or initial plain radiography. POCUS may facilitate prompt diagnosis and identification of the underlying etiology.
Comparative techno-economic analysis of algal biofuel production via hydrothermal liquefaction: One stage versus two stages

Abstract Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising process for conversion of algae to bio-oil that is especially suitable for the high moisture content of algal feedstock. A two-stage sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (SEQHTL) alternative was developed to facilitate production of co-products in addition to bio-oil at reduced temperatures and pressures compared with conventional one-stage direct hydrothermal liquefaction (DHTL). In this study, Aspen simulation and comprehensive techno-economic analysis were conducted for both SEQHTL and DHTL processes to assess their performance when used to convert the same algal strain (Chlorella sorokiniana) to bio-oil intermediates. The technical and economic evaluation also included the subsequent upgrading of the bio-crude to biofuels via hydrotreatment. The minimum fuel selling price for SEQHTL and DHTL was $1.61/L, and $2.10/L, respectively. The milder operating conditions of SEQHTL process resulted in both reduced capital and operating cost. The total installed cost of the facilities for hydrothermal processing 1215 metric tons/day of algae was $89 million for SEQHTL and $112 million for DHTL. A higher energy returned on energy invested was realized by SEQHTL (6.73) owing to its greater amount of fuel blendstock produced and less energy required for production in comparison with DHTL (5.31). The sensitivity analysis showed that improving the yield and quality of both the bio-oil and co-products, as well as increasing the feed concentration, may lead to a much lower production cost. This study provided new insights of hydrothermal liquefaction process design with highlighting the potential of recycling of nutrient streams and fractionation algal biomass at milder operating conditions.
Data on thermal conductivity and dynamic mechanical properties of graphene quantum dots in epoxy

Abstract Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) and epoxy have been combined into a nanocomposite and evaluated for their thermal and dynamic mechanical properties. Samples of varying GQD mass loading were first examined with SEM in several images. Thermal conductivity was estimated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) with a step analysis technique and analysis program. Several dynamic mechanical properties were recorded using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and displayed in their raw and analyzed formats. For more insight please see Infusion of graphene quantum dots to modulate thermal conductivity and dynamic mechanical properties of polymers [1].
Prevalentie van zelfverwonding: belangrijke groepen

De prevalentie van zelfverwonding in de Verenigde Staten lijkt opvallend toe te nemen. Aan het begin van de jaren tachtig kwam volgens Pattison en Kahan (1983) bij 400 op de 100.000 Amerikanen ‘doelbewuste zelfbeschadiging’ ofwel zelfverwonding voor. Eind jaren tachtig was dat aantal toegenomen tot 750 per 100.000 (Favazza en Conterio 1988), en eind jaren negentig was het uitgegroeid tot 1400 per 100.000 (Conterio en Lader 1998). Als deze schattingen correct zijn, is zelfverwonding in vijftien jaar tijd dus met 250 % toegenomen. Een alternatieve verklaring is dat zelfverwonding nu meer publieke aandacht krijgt, omdat het beter wordt herkend als een belangrijk gezondheidsprobleem. Wellicht zijn de rapportages over zelfverwonding daardoor nauwkeuriger geworden. Maar het kan ook allebei waar zijn: zelfverwonding komt meer voor en de rapportage erover is preciezer. Ongeacht de verklaring ervoor moeten we benadrukken dat deze cijfers slechts grove schattingen zijn. Een van de frustraties als je probeert inzicht te krijgen in zelfverwonding is dat er tot nu toe nog geen grote landelijke epidemiologische onderzoeken naar dit gedrag zijn uitgevoerd.
Analyzing the Effect of Mandatory Water Restrictions on Water Usage

As water rights and water usage become an ever more important part of municipalities’ and states’ way of life, it becomes important to understand what policies can be effective for encouraging conservation of water. One method that has been employed at various times and throughout numerous communities is to limit outdoor watering days. We use a dataset with over 3 million property-month observations during the 2007–2015 period in Norman, Oklahoma, to identify whether the periodic implementation of mandatory water restrictions reduces water usage. Our data allow us to exploit variance in the timing of these water restriction programs. Our findings indicate that this policy reduces water consumption by 0.7 % of total water consumption. Additionally, we use home assessment prices to identify heterogeneity in this response, finding that high priced homes are more responsive to water use restrictions.
Inherited Aortic Disease and Sports Participation

In recent years, there have been multiple athletes who have succumbed to aortic dissection or rupture due to inherited thoracic aortic disease. These events have led to increased scrutiny toward sports participation among those with aortic root disease, particularly with inherited aortic conditions. While aortic dilation and dissection typically occur in elderly patients with long-standing hypertension, there are several genetic etiologies such as bicuspid aortic valve, Marfan and Loeys–Dietz syndromes, as well as non-syndromic genetic etiologies known as familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, that contribute to aortopathies and increased risk for aortic dissection in the young. Medical therapy alone has been found to be minimally effective in halting aortic growth and preventing aortic dissection or rupture. The standard approach to preventing ascending aortic dissection remains the use of early surgical repair of aortic aneurysms. In 2015, the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology published a joint scientific statement on sports participation for competitive athletes with aortic diseases, including Marfan syndrome. The recommendations permit athletes with Marfan syndrome and other inherited aortic diseases to participate in low and moderate static and low dynamic competitive sports; competitive basketball is contraindicated. However, it should be recognized that there is scant data on the effect exercise has on aortic disease progression/dissection, and during discussions with athletes and coaching staff, it is paramount that the recommendation limitations, based primarily on expert opinions and/or small scale clinical evidence, be acknowledged.
Rocks, Rivers, and Robots: Reading Crisis with Teilhard de Chardin

Teilhard de Chardin, known by early twentieth-century anthropologists for his contributions in paleontology, wrote The Phenomenon of Man during the 1930s. Having been exiled to China for his unorthodox views reconciling Christianity with scientific theory, this ultra-anthropological treatise on human evolution described a world undergoing “cosmogenesis,” developing in complexity and consciousness. Tracing this process through geological and then biological evolution, Teilhard suggested that a layer of human thought and its products would soon encircle the world and a single mind would emerge. These ideas have fueled art, literature, and theoretical speculation about the post-human. This chapter calls upon Teilhard to help us make sense of crises of nationalism, labor, and personhood in an era of globalizing artificial intelligence. I examine what the sustainable “us” looks like under these terms, with special attention paid to the implications for individuals tethered to—or detached from—an increasingly virtual state and economy.