cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-standard methods in evolutionary computation

The paper presents non-standard methods in evolutionary computation and discusses their applicability to various optimization problems. These methods maintain populations of individuals with nonlinear chromosomal structure and use ‘genetic’ operators enhanced by the problem specific knowledge.
An aging pathway controls the TrkA to p75NTR receptor switch and amyloid β-peptide generation

Aging of the brain is characterized by marked changes in the expression levels of the neurotrophin receptors, TrkA and p75NTR. An expression pattern in which TrkA predominates in younger animals switches to one in which p75NTR predominates in older animals. This TrkA-to-p75NTR switch is accompanied by activation of the second messenger ceramide, stabilization of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), and increased production of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Here, we show that the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1-R), the common regulator of lifespan and age-related events in many different organisms, is responsible for the TrkA-to-p75NTR switch in both human neuroblastoma cell lines and primary neurons from mouse brain. The signaling pathway that controls the level of TrkA and p75NTR downstream of the IGF1-R requires IRS2, PIP3/Akt, and is under the control of PTEN and p44, the short isoform of p53. We also show that hyperactivation of IGF1-R signaling in p44 transgenic animals, which show an accelerated form of aging, is characterized by early TrkA-to-p75NTR switch and increased production of Aβ in the brain.
Another failure for motivation to enhance trace retrieval.

The relationship between motivation and memory was examined when the motivation was introduced during the retention test. It was found that the paced and free recall of a paired-associates list were not enhanced by the presence of a large monetary reward for correct performance.
The Bing staircase construction for Hilbert cube manifolds

Abstract Finite dimensional techniques of Bing and Bryant are extended to Hilbert cube manifolds to show that M A × Q = M where M is a Hilbert cube manifold, A is an embedded copy of 1 k , 0 \ k \ ∞, and Q is the Hilbert cube. Among the corollaries given here are elementary proofs of two theorems of West: the mapping cylinder theorem and the sum theorem for Hilbert cube factors.
Lithium: not a sensitive indicator of hydrogen ion diffusion.

Abstract Lithium and hydrogen flux was measured in three mongrel dogs via a gastric fistula both before and after injury with Nataurocholate (10m M ) and acetylsalicylic acid (20m M ). Both agents consistently caused back diffusion of hydrogen without a corresponding change in lithium. We conclude that lithium is not a sensitive indicator of mucosal disruption.
An electron microscope study of the spore of a microsporidian, Thelohania californica.

SYNOPSIS. An electron microscope study has been made of the spores of a microsporidian, Thelohania californica, parasitic in Culex tarsalis. Fresh spores measure 7–9 × 5–6 μ and contain a polar filament which when extruded may reach a length of 150 μ or more. Thus, this is a typical microsporidian spore. The spore is enveloped in a resistant outer membrane. The polar filament is attached to this membrane at the narrow anterior end, runs inward for a distance and is coiled spirally close to the inner surface of the outer membrane. There are 12–14 spiral turns in the majority of the spores. In the anterior five turns the filament is distinctly larger in diameter than in the seven or more posterior coils. The polar filament appears to be tubular, but the lumen is filled partially or completely with material of high electron density. A laminated polaroplast surrounds the basal portion of the filament and extends into the middle and posterior regions of the intrasporal cavity. The sporoplasm is uninucleate and lies in close contact with the polar filament and the polaroplast. There is no polar capsule.
Cottage Cheese Whey Derivatives as Ingredients of Cottage Cheese Creaming Mixes

Abstract Cottage cheese whey derivatives prepared by several methods were examined to determine their suitability for incorporation into cottage cheese creaming mixes. Preparation methods were: A) ultrafiltration followed by vacuum evaporation; B) neutralization, lactose hydrolysis, followed by vacuum evaporation; C) vacuum evaporation only. The ratios of protein to lactose (total carbohydrate) of these three preparations were: A = 2:2.6; B= 3:2(≥1:5);C = 1:5. These whey derivatives were incorporated into cottage cheese creaming mixes (minimum 20% total solids, 12.4% fat) as half of the milk solids-not-fat. The ultrafiltered derivative was incorporated into a low fat creaming mix (6.2% minimum fat). After pasteurization and homogenization, separate portions of each formulation were cultured with starter and directly acidified and flavored with starter distillate. The pH, titratable acidity, viscosity of the creaming mixes, and absorption of the creaming mix by the curd were measured. When added to fresh cottage cheese curd at a 1 to 2 ratio, the acidified creaming mix formulations containing vacuum evaporated untreated whey or ultrafiltered vacuum evaporated whey were rated higher overall by trained panelists than any cultured dressing or low-fat formulation. Of these two formulations, the one containing the ultrafiltered derivative had a higher ratio of protein to lactose.
Donor site wound protein synthesis correlates with length of acute hospitalization in severely burned children

Autografting of burn wounds results in generation of donor site wounds. Here we measured donor site wound protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in a burn pediatric population and showed that FSR increases over time postsurgery and correlates with the length of hospital stay (LOS) normalized for total body surface area (TBSA) burn size. 3.9 +/- 1.1 days after the grafting surgery patients participated in a metabolic study consisting of continuous infusion of l-[ring-(2)H(5)]-phenylalanine and donor site wound punch biopsies. Donor site wound protein FSR was 10.4 +/- 7.5%/day. Wound FSR demonstrated linear correlation with the time postsurgery (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that LOS/TBSA correlated with donor site wound protein FSR and time postsurgery (p<0.001) and the following equation describes the relationship: estimated LOS/TBSA=(FSR-12.95-1.414 x postsurgery day)/(-17.8). This equation predicted that FSR corrected for the postsurgery day when the metabolic study was conducted accounted for 67% of the variability (r(2)=0.673) in the LOS/TBSA. Donor site wound protein FSR correlated to LOS/TBSA of burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Measurement of protein deposition in regenerating donor site wound using stable isotope technique provides a quantitative measure of wound healing.
Nutrition: The future of melanoma prevention?

Background Melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer, having a high metastatic potential and afflicting all age groups. The need for successful preventative measures is particularly urgent as metastatic melanoma is largely incurable. The beneficial role of nutrition and other natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of melanoma has been clearly demonstrated in the past, and is an exciting source for potential therapies in the future. Objective We sought to review updates in the current literature regarding new developments in the relationship between nutrition and melanoma risk and treatment. Methods Articles in the public domain regarding the impact of diet, grape seed proanthocyanidins, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, lycopene, and fig latex on melanoma were included. Results Grape seed proanthocyanidins, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, lycopene, and fig latex have demonstrated clear anticancer effects toward melanoma. The roles of selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E, however, have been more controversial. Limitations None. Conclusions The role of natural compounds in the future of melanoma prevention and treatment is promising and one that is worthy of further exploration.
Astrocyte IP3R2-dependent Ca2+ signaling is not a major modulator of neuronal pathways governing behavior

Calcium-dependent release of gliotransmitters by astrocytes is reported to play a critical role in synaptic transmission and be necessary for long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD) and other forms of synaptic modulation that are correlates of learning and memory . Further, physiological processes reported to be dependent on Ca2+ fluxes in astrocytes include functional hyperemia, sleep, and regulation of breathing. The preponderance of findings indicate that most, if not all, receptor dependent Ca2+ fluxes within astrocytes are due to release of Ca2+ through IP3 receptor/channels in the endoplasmic reticulum. Findings from several laboratories indicate that astrocytes only express IP3 receptor type 2 (IP3R2) and that a knockout of IP3R2 obliterates the GPCR-dependent astrocytic Ca2+ responses. Assuming that astrocytic Ca2+ fluxes play a critical role in synaptic physiology, it would be predicted that eliminating of astrocytic Ca2+ fluxes would lead to marked changes in behavioral tests. Here, we tested this hypothesis by conducting a broad series of behavioral tests that recruited multiple brain regions, on an IP3R2 conditional knockout mouse model. We present the novel finding that behavioral processes are unaffected by lack of astrocyte IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signals. IP3R2 cKO animals display no change in anxiety or depressive behaviors, and no alteration to motor and sensory function. Morris water maze testing, a behavioral correlate of learning and memory, was unaffected by lack of astrocyte IP3R2-mediated Ca2+-signaling. Therefore, in contrast to the prevailing literature, we find that neither receptor-driven astrocyte Ca2+ fluxes nor, by extension, gliotransmission is likely to be a major modulating force on the physiological processes underlying behavior.
Inhibition of protein kinase C enhances angiogenesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor C in hyperglycemic endothelial cells.

Background Diabetes is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases with impaired angiogenesis. We have previously shown that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) and its receptor, PDGF receptor α (PDGFR-α) were downregulated in ischemic limbs of diabetic mice, although the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases and is known to be involved in angiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of how PDGF-C/PDGFR-α axis is impaired in diabetes.
Effects of Adolescent Physical Abuse, Exposure to Neighborhood Violence, and Witnessing Parental Violence on Adult Socioeconomic Status:

Research on the effects of adolescent physical abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and perceptions of community violence have generally, with few exceptions, found them to be predictive of subsequent negative behavioral outcomes, such as substance abuse, crime, and other problem behaviors. Less frequently studied is the relationship of these adverse adolescent experiences to adult socioeconomic statuses. This study utilizes longitudinal self-report data from the National Youth Survey Family Study to investigate how these three factors influence future socioeconomic statuses: marital status, educational attainment, employment, income, and wealth (net worth). Significant associations with adult socioeconomic statuses are found most often for physical abuse, but neighborhood violence is the only one of the three that is predictive of adult employment. Witnessing parental violence is associated with adult income and net worth. Limitations and policy implications of the present research, in the context of past research in this area, are considered.
Three step double layers in the laboratory

A new class of stationary double layer structure, with three or more distinct steps, is demonstrated in the laboratory. A large monotonic potential increase results from a series of smaller double layers. In many respects, these double layer structures resemble those inferred from satellite measurements of auroral double layers. This new class of double layer appears to depend on turbulence for its existence and to be a hybrid structure, intermediate between anomalous resistivity and BGK double layers.
H3+ as a trap for noble gases: 1—The case of Argon

Abstract The possibility of H3+ playing a role as a sink for noble gases has been investigated in the case of Argon. Elaborate quantum methods (ab initio Coupled Cluster and density functional BH&HLYP levels of theory) have been shown to reproduce the rotational constants within 0.3% together with the only known IR frequency on the test case of Ar…D3+. Dissociation energies of (Ar)n…H3+ as a function of cluster size, i.e. 7.2 ( n = 1 ), 3.7 ( n = 2 ), 3.6 ( n = 3 ), 1.6 ( n = 4 ), 1.7 ( n = 5 ) kcal/mol, follow the pattern established experimentally for (Ar)n…H3+ and (H2)n…H3+ series. Rotational constants and harmonic frequencies of (Ar)n…H3+ ( n = 1 – 3 ) are presented.
Hydrolysis of thioesters in an ion trap

The alkenyldiarylmethanes are a class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that are currently being developed as potential antivirals for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. As part of our continuing investigations on the alkenyldiarylmethanes, a series of thioester analogues were prepared in an effort to improve upon the metabolic stability of the parent lead compound. Hydrolysis of the thioester moieties was consistently observed during ion trap electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry to the extent that the parent molecular ion was weak in intensity or simply could not be detected. The same hydrolysis observations were also made when the analogues were analyzed by ion trap electron impact (EI) ionization, indicating the hydrolysis event was the result of the ion trap and not ionization technique. Ion-trap-mediated hydrolysis has been observed previously in prior alkenyldiarylmethane studies and prevented characterization of certain intermediates; thus, we wished to investigate whether modifying instrument parameters and protocols affected the instrument-mediated hydrolysis event. Unfortunately, varying the maximum injection time and the number of microscans performed, independent of each other, had little effect on the intensities of the parent ions [MH(+)] or the hydrolysis products] MH(+) -HSCH(3)].
ARGUS: Efficient Scalable Continuous Query Optimization for Large-Volume Data Streams

We present the architecture of ARGUS, a stream processing system implemented atop commercial DBMSs to support large-scale complex continuous queries over data streams. ARGUS supports incremental operator evaluation and incremental multi-query plan optimization as new queries arrive. The latter is done to a degree well beyond the previous state-of-the-art via a suite of techniques such as query-algebra canonicalization, indexing, and searching, and topological query network optimization with join order optimization, conditional materialization, minimal column projection, and transitivity inference. Building on top of a DBMS, the system provides a value-adding package to the existing database applications where the needs of stream processing become increasingly demanding. Compared to directly running the continuous queries on the DBMS, ARGUS achieves well over a 100-fold improvement in performance.
SAS-mediated acetylation of histone H4 Lys 16 is required for H2A.Z incorporation at subtelomeric regions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast SAS (Something About Silencing) complex and the histone variant H2A.Z have both previously been linked to an antisilencing function at the subtelomeric regions. SAS is an H4 Lys 16-specific histone acetyltransferase complex. Here we demonstrate that the H4 Lys 16 acetylation by SAS is required for efficient H2A.Z incorporation near telomeres. The presence of H4 Lys 16 acetylation and H2A.Z synergistically prevent the ectopic propagation of heterochromatin. Overall, our data suggest a novel antisilencing mechanism near telomeres.
The prosody of maternal speech: Infant age and context related changes.

The speech of 6 mothers to their healthy infants was examined longitudinally during the neonatal period and at 4, 12, and 24 months in a semi-naturalistic setting. Features of speech analysed were: contour of fundamental frequency, repetitiveness, timing (durations of vocalizations and pauses), tempo and MLU. The neonatal period was characterized by elongated pauses. During the 4-month period the extent of pitch contouring and repetitiveness was greater than at earlier or later ages. By 24 months, the duration of vocalizations and length of MLU became markedly greater. The period of intense face-to-face interaction around the fourth month proved to involve more changes in certain prosodic features. Some of the possible functions of these changes during this phase are discussed.
Integrating data from disparate sources: a mass collaboration approach

The rapid growth of distributed data at enterprises and on the WWW has fueled significant interest in building data integration systems. Such a system provides users with a uniform query interface (called mediated schema) to a multitude of data sources, thus freeing them from manually querying each individual source. To address some problems in the MOBS (Mass Collaboration to Build Systems) project at the University of Illinois, we develop solutions that learn from the multitude of users in the integration environment to improve the accuracy of integration tools. The improved accuracy in turn can significantly reduce the workload of the system builder. In developing MOBS we address the following key challenges: (i) obtaining user participation, (ii) learning from user participation, and (iii) combining user answers.
Spinglass: secure and scalable communication tools for mission-critical computing

Most existing communications technologies are either not scalable at all or scale only under carefully controlled conditions. This threatens an emerging generation of mission-critical but very large computing systems, which need communication support for such purposes as system management and control, policy administration, data dissemination, and to initiate adaptation in demanding environments. Cornell University's Spinglass project has discovered that "gossip-based" protocols can overcome scalability problems, offering security and reliability even in the most demanding settings. Gossip protocols emulate the spread of an infection in a crowded population and are both reliable and stable under forms of stress that can disable more traditional protocols. Our effort is developing a new generation of gossip-based technology for secure, reliable large-scale collaboration and soft real-time communications - even over global networks.
Empirical Bayes Identication of Tumor Progression Genes from Microarray Data

The use of microarray data has become quite commonplace in medical and scientific experiments. We focus here on microarray data generated from cancer studies. It is potentially important for the discovery of biomarkers to identify genes whose expression levels correlate with tumor progression. In this article, we propose a simple procedure for the identification of such genes, which we term tumor progression genes. The first stage involves estimation based on the proportional odds model. At the second stage, we calculate two quantities: a q-value, and a shrinkage estimator of the test statistic is constructed to adjust for the multiple testing problem. The relationship between the proposed method with the false discovery rate is studied. The proposed methods are applied to data from a prostate cancer microarray study.
Belief-free equilibrium of packet forwarding game in ad hoc networks under imperfect monitoring

Future applications will require autonomous devices to be interconnected and form ad hoc networks. In such networks, cooperation will be the first problem to solve at all layers of the protocol stack. This paper deals with one of the basic functions of a network, namely packet forwarding. We model packet forwarding as a stochastic game in which each node monitors the behavior of its neighbors. We consider the realistic scenario when the monitoring technology used by the nodes is imperfect. In reality, there can be inconsistencies between the true action of a node and the observations of its neighbors. Therefore, in an ad hoc network, each node receives only noisy private information about the past play of its neighbors. We develop a simple one period memory strategy that constrains self-interested nodes to cooperate under noise. We use a belief-free approach. A belief-free approach delivers a tremendous computational advantage because nodes' belief about the neighbors' private history does not need to be computed. We support our results by mathematical proofs and simulations.
Tradeoffs in power-efficient issue queue design

A major consumer of microprocessor power is the issue queue. Several microprocessors, including the Alpha 21264 and POWER4/spl trade/, use a compacting latch-based issue queue design which has the advantage of simplicity of design and verification. The disadvantage of this structure, however, is its high power dissipation. In this paper, we explore different issue queue power optimization techniques that vary not only in their performance and power characteristics, but in how much they deviate from the baseline implementation. By developing and comparing techniques that build incrementally on the baseline design, as well as those that achieve higher power savings through a more significant redesign effort, we quantify the extra benefit the higher design cost techniques provide over their more straightforward counterparts.
Scalable adaptation of state complexity for nonparametric hidden Markov models

Bayesian nonparametric hidden Markov models are typically learned via fixed truncations of the infinite state space or local Monte Carlo proposals that make small changes to the state space. We develop an inference algorithm for the sticky hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model that scales to big datasets by processing a few sequences at a time yet allows rapid adaptation of the state space cardinality. Unlike previous point-estimate methods, our novel variational bound penalizes redundant or irrelevant states and thus enables optimization of the state space. Our birth proposals use observed data statistics to create useful new states that escape local optima. Merge and delete proposals remove ineffective states to yield simpler models with more affordable future computations. Experiments on speaker diarization, motion capture, and epigenetic chromatin datasets discover models that are more compact, more interpretable, and better aligned to ground truth segmentations than competitors. We have released an open-source Python implementation which can parallelize local inference steps across sequences.
Global Commodity Chains & World Income Inequalities: The Missing Link of Inequality and the Upgrading Paradox

This article links key findings from two major research literatures within contemporary development and globalization studies: global commodity/value chains, and world income inequalities. Forging this missing link exposes what I call the upgrading paradox within commodity and value chain analysis. The paradox hinges on the disconnect between the global commodity/value chain literatures focus on the potential for firms and nations to upgrade their position within chains and the roots of the global commodity chain construct in world-systems analysis, a theoretical framework that rejects the potential for widespread and generalizable developmental progress. Findings from the world income inequalities literature do indeed confirm the paradoxical nature of the upgrading discourse, so I conclude by discussing two potential paths for a post-paradox commodity chain analysis.
Consumer Health Reference Interview: Ideas for Public Librarians

This two-stage study seeks to help public librarians become better prepared, and more confident and competent, when answering medical/health questions. At the first stage, eleven barriers that public librarians often encounter in the consumer health reference interview were identified through a comprehensive literature review, and at the second stage, input from professional consumer health librarians on how to overcome the barriers was gathered via a qualitative survey. Findings of the study provide concrete and practical strategies that will help public librarians more successfully conduct the reference interview to assist library users in their health information-seeking journey.
The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

AbstractThis work addresses the long-term relative occurrence of cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC; no attachment to ground) flashes for the contiguous United States (CONUS). It expands upon an earlier analysis by Boccippio et al. who employed 4-yr datasets provided by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and the Optical Transient Detector (OTD). Today, the duration of the NLDN historical dataset has more than tripled, and OTD data can be supplemented with data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). This work is timely, given the launch of GOES-16, which includes the world’s first geostationary lightning mapper that will observe total lightning (IC and CG) over the Americas and adjacent ocean regions. Findings support earlier results indicating factor-of-10 variations in the IC:CG ratio throughout CONUS, with climatological IC fraction varying between 0.3 and greater than 0.9. The largest values are seen in the Pacific Northwest, central California, and where Colorado borders Kansa...
Toward a Common Language for Function, Disability, and Health

Within physical therapy, the disablement model has proven useful as a language to delineate the consequences of disease and injury. This perspective provides an update on the changing language of disablement, reviews selected contemporary disablement models, and discusses some challenges that need to be addressed to achieve a universal disablement language that can be used to discuss physical therapy research and clinical interventions. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework has the potential of becoming a standard for disablement language that looks beyond mortality and disease to focus on how people live with their conditions. If widely adopted, the ICF framework could provide the rehabilitation field with a common, international language with the potential to facilitate communication and scholarly discourse across disciplines and national boundaries, to stimulate interdisciplinary research, to improve clinical care, and ultimately to better inform health policy and management.
Density impact on performance of composite Si/graphite electrodes

The ability of alkali-substituted binders for composite Si and graphite negative electrodes to minimize capacity fade for lithium ion batteries is investigated. Polymer films and electrodes are described and characterized by FTIR following immersion in electrolyte (1:2 EC:DMC) for 24 h. FTIR analysis following electrode formation displayed similar alkali-ion-dependent shifts in peak location suggesting that changes in the vibrational structure of the binder are maintained after electrode formation. The Si and graphite composite electrodes prepared using the alkali-substituted polyacrylates were also exposed to electrochemical cycling and it has been found that the performance of the Na-substituted binder is superior to a comparable density K-substituted system. However, in comparing performance across many different electrode densities, attention needs to be placed on making comparisons at similar densities, as low-density electrodes tend to exhibit lower capacity fade over cycling. This is highlighted by a 6 % difference between a low-density K-substituted electrode and a high-density Na-substituted sample. This low variance between the two systems makes it difficult to quickly make a direct evaluation of binder performance unless electrode density is tightly controlled.
Intermediate Algebra in High School or College?: A Statistical Analysis

(1958). Intermediate Algebra in High School or College? The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 61-64.
Area-Level Socioeconomic Factors Are Associated With Noncompletion of Pediatric Preventive Services

We examined 4872 infants born consecutively, 2011-2012, and seen at 3 primary care centers to determine whether area-based socioeconomic measures were associated with noncompletion of common preventive services within the first 15 months. Addresses were geocoded and linked to census tract poverty, adult educational attainment, and household vehicle ownership rates. The quartile of patients in the highest poverty (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.54) and lowest vehicle ownership tracts (aOR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07-1.63) had significantly increased odds of service noncompletion. There were significant spatial clusters of low completion in Cincinnati's urban core. These findings have implications for preventive service delivery.
Soybean Leaf Consumption by the Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a Function of Temperature, Instar, and Larval Weight

A laboratory study quantified the relationship between daily soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, leaf area consumption and temperature and soybean looper, Pseudoplusia Includens (Walker), larval instar or weight. Seven weight and instar classes and four constant temperatures (15.6, 21.1, 26.7, and 32.2°C) were employed in the study. Consumption by fourth to sixth instars constituted approximately 96% of the total leaf area consumed. Fourth to sixth instars fed greenhouse-grown leaves consumed 79.9% more leaf area than those fed field-grown leaves of the same variety. However, field-grown leaves were smaller and thicker than greenhouse-grown leaves. The mean daily leaf area consumption rate increased exponentially with instar and linearly with temperature and initial larval weight. Mean consumption rate was 7-9 times more sensitive to a change in instar or larval weight than to temperature.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button: directed by David Fincher, with screenplay by Eric Roth. Burbank, CA: Warner Brothers Pictures, 2008

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button challenges assumptions about gender and age in an interesting twist on love and human development. Set during the 1930s, Benjamin is born with the typical intell...
Dinitrogen reduction via photochemical activation of heteroleptic tris(cyclopentadienyl) rare-earth complexes.

Dinitrogen can be reduced by photochemical activation of the Ln3+ mixed-ligand tris(cyclopentadienyl) rare-earth complexes (η5-C5Me5)3–x(C5Me4H)xLn (Ln = Y, Lu, Dy; x = 1, 2). [(C5Me4R)2Ln]2(μ-η2:η2-N2) products (R = H, Me) are formed in reactions in which N2 is reduced to (N═N)2– and (C5Me4H)− is oxidized to (C5Me4H)2. Density functional theory indicates that this unusual example of rare-earth photochemistry can be rationalized by absorptions involving the (η3-C5Me4H)− ligands.
Detail Structural Interpretation Methods and Application of 3D Seismic Data in Coal Mining Area

3D seismic exploration in the coal field is mainly used to solve the structural problems of the region because of the different complexity of the geological conditions,though has been more than 10 years of development,but the accuracy of the structural interpretation also have different degrees of difference.With the development of computer technology and the introduction of oil geophysical methods,coal mining area of 3D seismic exploration data of high signal to noise ratio and high resolution provide the interpretation of a possible fine.By using wavelet analysis,coherency cube technology,image processing,and other methods,mining area with known examples of small faults have a fine structural interpretation,improved the accuracy of 3D seismic structure data interpretation.
A Stochastic Solution to the Unbinned WHAM Equations

The weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM) and unbinned versions such as the multistate Bennett acceptance ratio (MBAR) and unbinned WHAM (UWHAM) are widely used to compute free energies and expectations from data generated by independent or coupled parallel simulations. Here we introduce a replica exchange-like algorithm (RE-SWHAM) that can be used to solve the UWHAM equations stochastically. This method is capable of analyzing large data sets generated by hundreds or even thousands of parallel simulations that are too large to be "WHAMMED" using standard methods. We illustrate the method by applying it to obtain free energy weights for each of the 240 states in a simulation of host-guest ligand binding containing ∼3.5 × 10(7) data elements collected from 16 parallel Hamiltonian replica exchange simulations, performed at 15 temperatures. In addition to using much less memory, RE-SWHAM showed a nearly 80-fold improvement in computational time compared with UWHAM.
Wernicke's Encephalopathy in a Patient Without Chronic Alcohol Abuse.

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is traditionally seen in the emergency department in patients with chronicalcohol abuse. WE can result in significant morbidity and mortality if untreated, making early diagnosis andintervention paramount. We discuss a case of WE in a 63-year-old female with no history of chronic alcoholabuse, who presented with bilateral opthalmoplegia that resolved after intravenous thiamine administration.This case report highlights the varied clinical settings other than chronic alcohol abuse in which thediagnosis of WE should be considered.
Graph bandit for diverse user coverage in online recommendation

We study a recommendation system problem, in which the system must be able to cover as many users’ preferences as possible while these preferences change over time. This problem can be formulated as a variation of the maximum coverage problem; specifically we introduced a novel problem of Online k-Hitting Set, where the number of sets and elements within the sets can change dynamically. When the number of distinctive elements is large, an exhaustive search for even a fixed number of elements is known to be computationally expensive. Even the static problem is known to be NP-hard (Hochba, ACM SIGACT News 28(2):40–52, 1997) and many known algorithms tend to have exponential growth in complexity. We propose a novel graph based UCB1 algorithm that effectively minimizes the number of elements to consider, thereby reducing the search space greatly. The algorithm utilizes a new rewarding scheme to choose items that satisfy more users by balancing coverage and diversity as it construct a relational graph between items to recommend. Experiments show that the new graph based algorithm performs better than existing techniques such as Ranked Bandit (Radlinski et al. 2008) and Independent Bandits (Kohli et al. 2013) in terms of satisfying diverse types of users while minimizing computational complexity.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS AND POOR PATIENT OUTCOMES AFTER OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) serves as an important prognostic indicator in patients with cardiac related illness. To compare survival and neurological outcomes among DM and non-Diabetic patients who were admitted to the hospital after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We searched MEDLINE,
Redox Activity, Ligand Protonation, and Variable Coordination Modes of Diimino-Pyrrole Complexes of Palladium.

Ligand-based functionality is a prominent method of increasing the reactivity or stability of metal centers in coordination chemistry. Some of the most successful catalysts use ligand-based redox a...
Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Ion-to-Electron Transducers in Potentiometric Sensors

This paper describes an unexplored property of conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as ion-to-electron transducers in the context of potentiometric detection. Several conductive two-dimensional MOF analogues were drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode and then covered with an ion-selective membrane to form a potentiometric sensor. The resulting devices exhibited excellent sensing properties toward anions and cations, characterized by a near-Nernstian response and over 4 orders of magnitude linear range. Impedance and chronopotentiometric measurements revealed the presence of large bulk capacitance (204 ± 2 μF) and good potential stability (drift of 11.1 ± 0.5 μA/h). Potentiometric water test and contact angle measurements showed that this class of materials exhibited hydrophobicity and inhibited the formation of water layer at the electrode/membrane interface, resulting in a highly stable sensing response with a potential drift as low as 11.1 μA/h. The property of ion-to-electron transduction of c...
Tropes and Truth

The advantages of trope theory for metaphysics and ontology have been brilliantly articulated by Kevin Mulligan. Rejecting the existence of properties, following a tradition of Hume and Reid, leads to parsimony. We wish to add a caveat. Using tropes referentially to refer to a plurality of individuals by exhibiting what they are like has an epistemological advantage for securing truth. When the individual trope is used as an exemplar or sample to represent a plurality of objects directly, then, it refers to itself as an exhibit of the individuals in the plurality. The exemplar used in this way, in exemplar representation, represents and is true of itself as one of the individuals it represents in a reflexive loop. The direct reflexive representation is a secure truth loop. We argue that the security of the truth connection is lost if properties or even predicates are brought into the connection. Tropes used in exemplar representation can provide the secure truth connection only if properties do not function in a mode of presentation of the facts that sensory particulars represent. Goodman is a source of the notion of exemplar representation, which he called exemplification, but he brought in properties as what was exemplified, and lost, thereby, the security of the self-representational truth loop of the exemplar reflexively back onto itself. Using the exemplar itself as directly referential as a mode of presentation of facts about itself without connecting it with properties or predicates, what Lehrer has called exemplarization, is required to secure a truth connection between representation and experience.
iDVS: an interactive multi-document visual summarization system

Multi-document summarization is a fundamental tool for understanding documents. Given a collection of documents, most of existing multidocument summarization methods automatically generate a static summary for all the users using unsupervised learning techniques such as sentence ranking and clustering. However, these methods almost exclude human from the summarization process. They do not allow for user interaction and do not consider users' feedback which delivers valuable information and can be used as the guidance for summarization. Another limitation is that the generated summaries are displayed in textual format without visual representation. To address the above limitations, in this paper, we develop iDVS, a visualization-enabled multi-document summarization system with users' interaction, to improve the summarization performance using users' feedback and to assist users in document understanding using visualization techniques. In particular, iDVS uses a new semi-supervised document summarization method to dynamically select sentences based on users' interaction. To this regard, iDVS tightly integrates semi-supervised learning with interactive visualization for document summarization. Comprehensive experiments on multi-document summarization using benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of iDVS, and a user study is conducted to evaluate the users' satisfaction.
Arithmetical croquet

This paper will describe how the game of Arithmetical Croquet was used in a second semester programming course. This game can be used as an assignment in many different ways: students can design it completely from scratch; students can complete classes that are already designed; students can focus only on the strategy module to select the next move when everything else has been supplied to them, etc. In particular, this paper describes experiences with the first assignment type listed above, and provides the details for the program evaluation scheme that was used.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a neodymium borosilicate, Nd3BSi2O10.

A lanthanide borosilicate, trineodymium borosilicate or Nd3BSi2O10, was synthesized using a flux method with LiCl, and its structure was determined from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The structure is composed of layers with [SiO4]4− and [BSiO6]5− anions alternating along the c axis linked by Nd3+ cations between them.
Separating Overlapping Tissue Layers from Microscopy Images.

Manual preparation of tissue slices for microscopy imaging can introduce tissue tears and overlaps. Typically, further digital processing algorithms such as registration and 3D reconstruction from tissue image stacks cannot handle images with tissue tear/overlap artifacts, and so such images are usually discarded. In this paper, we propose an imaging model and an algorithm to digitally separate overlapping tissue data of mouse brain images into two layers. We show the correctness of our model and the algorithm by comparing our results with the ground truth.
A Five‐Coordinate Pt(II) Complex of Pyridylmethylaminodiacetate.

The title ligand, prepared by a known method, reacts to give (III), which on mild heating is in equilibrium with (IV).
Pregnancy Prevention on the Fly: An Exploratory Study of Contraceptive Lapse Among Young Women Traveling Internationally.

Abstract Background: International travel is increasingly popular, and women comprise half of all outbound travel from the United States (almost 46 million trips in 2017). The implications of inter...
Dynamics of a hippocampal neuronal ensemble encoding trace fear memory revealed by in vivo Ca2+ imaging.

Although the biochemical signaling events in area CA1 of the hippocampus underlying memory acquisition, consolidation, retrieval, and extinction have been extensively studied, little is known about the activity dynamics of hippocampal neurons in CA1 during Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we use fiber-optic confocal microscopy coupled with the calcium indicator GCaMP6m to monitor neuron activity in freely moving mice during trace fear conditioning. We show that the activity of a group of CA1 neurons increases not only after the stimulus presentations, but also during the stimulus-free trace period when the conditioned mice exhibit a high level of freezing behavior. Therefore, we designate these cells “trace cells”. Interestingly, the activity of the trace cells increases in response to the conditioned stimuli during memory retrieval but diminishes during memory extinction. Importantly, the dynamics of neuron activity exhibit a high degree of correlation with the freezing behavior of the mice, suggesting that a neuronal ensemble responsible for encoding the trace fear memory is repeatedly reactivated during memory retrieval and later extinguished during memory extinction.
Affect-driven Learning Outcomes Prediction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Equipping an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) with the ability to interpret affective signals from students could potentially improve the learning experience of students by enabling the tutor to monitor the students’ progress and provide timely interventions as well as present appropriate affective reactions via a virtual tutor. Most ITSs equipped with affect modeling capabilities attempt to predict the emotional state of users. However, the focus in this work is instead on trying to directly predict the learning outcomes of students from a stream of video capturing the students faces as they work on a set of math problems. Using facial features extracted from a video stream, we train classifiers to directly predict the success or failure of a student’s attempt to answer a question while the student has just begun to work on the problem. In this work, we first introduce a novel dataset of student interactions with MathSpring, a popular ITS. We provide an exploratory analysis of the different problem outcome classes using typical facial action unit activations. We develop baseline models to predict the problem outcome labels of students solving math problems and discuss how early problem outcome labels can be forecasted and utilized to provide possible interventions.
Introduction to Convection

Rayleigh-Benard convection, the flow between parallel horizontal surfaces maintained at sufficiently different temperatures, is presently the most extensively studied non-linear pattern forming system. This system, which can be very carefully controlled experimentally, exhibits phenomena such as defect motion, wavelength selection, pattern competition, and sensitivity to boundary conditions, which are believed to be of general importance in the behavior of non-linear pattern forming systems. By varying the lateral extent of the system the transition to turbulent flow may be studied in systems ranging from ones described well by a few coupled modes, to systems in which spatial degrees of freedom play a major role.
Against Medical Advice

Against Medical Advice The record told a consistent story, always ending with the patient leaving AMA. The medical student waited for an explosive encounter that would make the patient and her husb...
Outcomes of Two-Stage Interpolated Flaps Versus Single-Stage Techniques for Reconstruction of Intermediate Nasal Defects

Objective: This study compares the results of patients undergoing reconstruction of intermediate nasal defects, measuring 1.5–2.5 cm, with single-staged techniques as opposed to the traditionally r...
Supplemental Far-Red Light Stimulates Lettuce Growth: Disentangling Morphological and Physiological Effects

Light-emitting diodes allow for the application of specific wavelengths of light to induce various morphological and physiological responses. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa), far-red light (700–800 nm) is integral to initiating shade responses which can increase plant growth. In the first of two studies, plants were grown with a similar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) but different intensities of far-red light. The second study used perpendicular gradients of far-red light and PPFD, allowing for examination of interactive effects. The far-red gradient study revealed that increasing supplemental far-red light increased leaf length and width, which was associated with increased projected canopy size (PCS). The higher PCS was associated with increased cumulative incident light received by plants, which increased dry matter accumulation. In the perpendicular gradient study, far-red light was 57% and 183% more effective at increasing the amount of light received by the plant, as well as 92.5% and 162% more effective at increasing plant biomass at the early and late harvests, respectively, as compared to PPFD. Light use efficiency (LUE, biomass/mol incident light) was generally negatively correlated with specific leaf area (SLA). Far-red light provided by LEDs increases the canopy size to capture more light to drive photosynthesis and shows promise for inclusion in the growth light spectrum for lettuce under sole-source lighting.
Stabilizing responses to sideslip disturbances in Drosophila melanogaster are modulated by the density of moving elements on the ground.

Stabilizing responses to sideslip disturbances are a critical part of the flight control system in flies. While strongly mediated by mechanoreception, much of the final response results from the wi...