cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron Spin Resonance of Mo 5+ in Rutile

The electron-spin-resonance spectrum of ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{5+}$ in the host lattice of Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ was determined. Both the hyperfine lines due to the coupling with Mo nuclei, and the superhyperfine lines due to the coupling with the next nearest neighbors, Ti nuclei, were observed. The sign of the $g$ factor of ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{5+}$ was found to be positive by observing the resonance with circularly polarized microwave radiation. The theory of Bleaney and O'Brien cannot be applied in this case, probably because the crystalline field is not strong enough and/or covalent bonding is appreciable.
A Stereoselective Formal Synthesis of Leucascandrolide A

A stereoselective formal synthesis of leucascandrolide A was accomplished through the tandem and organocatalytic oxa-Michael reactions, which were promoted by the gem-disubstituent effect, in conjunction with the dithiane coupling reaction.
BREAST CANCER IN TWO POPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RISK FOR THE DISEASE

Caucasian women in Hawaii have a higher risk for breast cancer than women of Japanese ancestry. In order to determine to what extent known risk factors account for the difference in risk between the two groups, a case-control study was done from 1975 to 1980. A total of 183 Japanese and 161 Caucasian breast cancer cases were interviewed along with their respective controls. The findings suggested that a positive history of benign breast disease, a family history of breast cancer, late menopause, late age at first childbirth and early age at menarche did not fully account for the difference in breast cancer risk between Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii. Attention needs to be focused on other factors that are under environmental influence.
Epidemiological Analysis and Inquire into Prevention Tactics of Virus Hepatitis B in Zhaotong of Yunnan Province from 1991to 2006

Objective To known epidemiological character of virus hepatitis B in Zhaotong,and explore the control strategy.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was adapted to cases of Virus hepatitis B reported by Zhaotong municipality from 1991 to 2006.Results The 10811 cases of virus hepatitis B was reported in Zhaotong city during 1991 to 2006.The incidence rate of Hepatitis B has been increased since 1991 that from 4.11/ 100,000 in 1991 to 32.23/100,000 in 2006.The virus hepatitis B was no summit of invasion season.The male sex cases is more than the female sex cases,and 15~34 age old cases number occupies in 49.41 percent and occupation classification,peasant case occupies 46.31 percent,student case occupies 13.15 percent.Conclusion Improving immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine both in neonatal children and other non-neonatal population,developing health education and propaganda,setting up and enforcing surveillance of hepatitis B,paying great attention to safe injection and strengthening supervision of blood products are main measures to accelerate hepatitis B control.
Prime and Primitive Ideals in Graded Deformations of Algebraic Quantum Groups at Roots of Unity

Let G be a connected, simply connected complex semisimple Lie group of rank n. The deformations employed by Artin, Schelter and Tate, and Hodges, Levasseur and Toro can be applied to the single parameter quantizations, at roots of unity, of the Hopf algebra of regular functions on G. Each of the resulting complex multiparameter quantum groups F∈,p[G] depends on both a suitable root of unity ∈ and an antisymmetric bicharacter p: Z n ×Z n →C×. These quantizations differ significantly from their single parameter (root-of-unity) counterparts, and, in particular, may have infinite-dimensional irreducible representations. Our approach to F∈,p[G] depends on a natural ℋ×ℋ-action thereon, where ℋ is an n-torus, and our main result offers a classification of the primitive ideals: We use a multiparameter quantum Frobenius map to provide a bijection from (Prim F∈,p[G])/ℋ×ℋ onto G/H×H, where H is a maximal torus of G. In the single parameter case, this bijection is a consequence of work by De Concini and Lyubashenko, and De Concini and Procesi; our results require their analysis. Our methods also exploit earlier work by Moeglin and Rentschler concerning actions of algebraic groups on complex Noetherian algebras. In contrast to generic quantizations of the coordinate ring of G, the primitive spectrum of F∈,p[G] is not finitely stratified by the torus action.
Biphasic Waveform of the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (A2 Flag) Is Associated with Adverse Events in the Coronary Care Unit.

Objective: An abnormality of the optical transmission waveform obtained during measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) has been described in association with DIC and sepsis. This biphasic waveform (BWF) is caused by the in vitro formation of Ca 2+ -induced complexes between VLDL and CRP. A review of the literature revealed no studies on the BWF in cardiac patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BWF is associated with adverse clinical outcomes among patients in a Coronary Care Unit (CCU). Patients: Consecutive patients admitted to the CCU over a two-month period (n=83) were retrospectively evaluated. Standard of clinical care was not altered. Methods: Laboratory results including aPTT, aPTT waveform analysis, troponin, beta-natriuretic peptide (BNP), complete blood count (CBC), basic metabolic panel (BMP), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analyzed when available. BWF values beyond a pre-set threshold [5 SD’s lower than the mean value of a normal population (n=40)] were signaled by the A2 Flag. Hospital charts were reviewed to determine coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, and renal dysfunction. Hospital course including invasive and surgical procedures and medical interventions were recorded. Results: The A2 Flag was detected in 23 of 83 patients (27.7%) during the entire course of CCU treatment. Using a lower Slope_1 threshold value (as had been used in the DIC/sepsis studies) produced an A2 flag in >90% of the patients. Patients in the A2 Flag and no-Flag groups were comparable for age, gender, HTN, DM and hyperlipidemia. Of the patients with an A2 Flag, 73.9% had acute coronary syndrome (encompassing the spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from unstable angina to non-ST-segment elevation MI to ST-segment elevation MI) vs 59.6% in the no-Flag group, 95.6% had CAD vs 83.8%, 52.1% had arrhythmia vs 32.2% ( p =0.020), 60.8% had renal dysfunction (creatinine >1.5) vs 32.2% ( p =0.002), 47.8% had elevated BNP vs 22.5% ( p =0.037), and 73.9% had elevated troponin vs 50.0%. Length of stay was longer in the A2 Flag group (16.2 vs 7.2 days; p Conclusion: The A2 Flag result is reported with the aPTT and thus is a rapid test available at no additional cost. As an adjunct to routine lab testing, aPTT waveform analysis appears to be a novel means to identify a select population of CCU patients that are at higher risk for adverse cardiac events and warrants further investigation. This pilot study is being used to develop a larger prospective study to determine if the A2 Flag can improve patient care through earlier diagnosis and treatment intervention.
Psychiatric Suitability Assessment for Bariatric Surgery

The aim of this chapter is to review the current evidence base for a psychosocial assessment of bariatric surgery candidates and provide recommendations for providers who evaluate weight-loss surgery patients preoperatively. The purpose is to equip practitioners working with bariatric surgery candidates with the tools to help perform evaluation and make appropriate recommendations to patients and surgical teams. Two case vignettes of common clinical presentations will be used to illustrate the assessment process and highlight possible challenges. Recent recommendations and guidelines for the aims of the evaluation, the key elements of the assessment, psychosocial contraindications, and the most common outcomes of the evaluation will be summarized. Finally, the need for a standardized assessment tool as well as multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to bariatric candidates will be highlighted.
Estuarine influence on biogeochemical properties of the Alabama shelf during the fall season

Abstract Estuarine-shelf exchange can drive strong gradients in physical and biogeochemical properties in the coastal zone and exert a significant influence on biological processes and patterns. Physical, biogeochemical, and plankton data from an across-shelf transect extending south of Mobile Bay, Alabama, in conjunction with regional time series data, were used to determine the relative importance of estuarine-shelf interactions on the physical-biological structuring of the shelf environment during fall conditions (i.e., well-mixed, low discharge). This period was also characterized by a relatively unique weather event associated with the remnants of Hurricane Patricia, which drove a meteorological flushing of estuarine water onto the shelf. Survey data indicated generally low N:P ratios across the shelf, with slightly elevated dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI) that extended approximately 30 km offshore. The ROFI had higher values of chlorophyll-a, diatom-specific production, marine snow, and primary productivity, with notable contributions from the larger size cells (>5 µm). Furthermore, stratification provided a niche opportunity for Trichodesmium sp. aggregates , a typically oligotrophic cyanobacteria, at the offshore edge of the ROFI. The lens of estuarine water may have limited the vertical extent to which this population was mixed, providing enhanced light availability relative to the well-mixed offshore conditions. Following the biogeochemical trend, the highest zooplankton abundances were also located within the estuarine outflow. While limited in spatial extent, the distinct geochemical and biological characteristics within the ROFI demonstrate the ecological impacts that estuarine-sourced waters can have during periods of generally low productivity in the Mississippi Bight.
“Bring in an Honest Verdict”: Prosecuting Southern Whiteness in American Slavery As It Is

Acting as prosecutor and naming his public as jurors, Theodore Dwight Weld brutally makes a case against the institution of slavery in the United States in his text, American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. We argue that Weld’s performative rhetoric reveals both the form and content of national (northern) whiteness by means of its judicial condemnation of the slaveholding South. By contrasting southern slaveholders’ lawlessness, emotional ineptitude, and lack of self-control with the reserved discipline of the North, we suggest that Weld’s text enacts enduring ideological boundaries between national (northern) whiteness and southern, slaveholding whiteness.
Effect of Acidemia and Alkalemia on Nutrition and Metabolism

In this chapter, we examine the acute and chronic effects of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis with a focus on the relationship between the chronic response to acidemia and the catabolic effects on bone and muscle. Finally, we will examine the benefits and risks of correction of acidemia on protein and bone metabolism. The role of bicarbonate therapy for slowing progression of CKD is discussed in Chapter 18 .
Spatial statistics of optical beams perturbed by aero-optical turbulence

We develop the spatial structure function (SSF) of the phase of an optical beam propagated through an aero-optically active turbulent boundary layer at a flying aircraft, which is characterized by anisotropic spatial fluctuations that arise from pressure fluctuations and are highly non-Kolmogoroff. We use the phase SSF to calculate in closed form the spatial statistics of a monochromatic Gaussian beam transmitted through such a turbulent layer and subsequently propagated in free space, discussing in particular the correlations of its amplitude and intensity fluctuations to arbitrary orders.
Resource Utilization After Snakebite Severity Score Implementation into Treatment Algorithm of Crotaline Bite.

Abstract Background Crotaline envenomation clinical manifestations vary considerably among patients. Current recommendations for treatment with Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab require assessment of envenomation control. Determining control of envenomation, particularly when patients are evaluated by different providers in separate clinical settings, can be difficult. Objective To determine if a difference in total vials of Crotalidae antivenin therapy exists between pre-protocol and post-Snakebite Severity Score (SSS) protocol. Methods Retrospective medical record review at an academic medical and regional Level I trauma center. Resource utilization in patients with a diagnosis of “snakebite” was compared between patients treated pre- and post-SSS protocol implementation. Results One hundred forty-six patients were included in the evaluation. One hundred twenty-seven (87.0%) patients received antivenin, n = 80 (90.9%) in the pre-protocol group and n = 47 (81.0%) in the post-protocol group. Median total number of antivenin vials per patient was lower in the post-protocol group than the pre-protocol group, 16 (10–24 interquartile range) vs. 12 (10–16 interquartile range), p = 0.006. This decreased utilization correlates to an approximate $13,200 savings per patient. Hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, opioid use, incidence of blood product transfusion, need for surgical intervention, or need for intubation were not different between groups. Conclusions A snakebite protocol with SSS utilization to guide antivenin administration results in significantly decreased antivenin therapy in snakebite patients without increase in other health care utilization.
Opvis: extensible, cross-platform operational visibility and analytics for cloud

Operational visibility is an important administrative capability and a critical factor in deciding the success or failure of a cloud service. It is becoming increasingly complex due to the need to (1) track both persistent and volatile system state across heterogeneous endpoints and (2) consider a broader range of data sources fueled by demand for sophisticated analytics. In this paper we present OpVis, a monitoring and analytics framework to provide operational visibility without the limitations of traditional fragmented monitoring solutions. We highlight OpVis' extensible data model, enabling custom data collection and analytics based on the cloud user's requirements, describe its monitoring and analytics capabilities, present performance measurements, and discuss our experiences while supporting operational visibility in our cloud.
Comparison of Outcomes in Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Versus Mastectomy Alone.

Objectives:Immediate implant-based techniques are common practice in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Previous studies have shown an increased complication rate in the setting of immediate ve...
Mo(VI) Complexes of N,S-Donor Ligands: Relevance to Molybdenum Enzymes

The molybdenum enzymes other than nitrogenase have a common molybdenum cofactor1,2 and spectroscopic studies of their molybdenum sites reveal these to be similar although not identical.3 EPR* studies on xanthine oxidase in the Mo(V) oxidation state,4 together with results from model compounds,5 led to the suggestion of sulfur as a donor atom to molybdenum. However, in these original studies and in subsequent investigations, 3,6 the inorganic compounds used in the comparison were not structurally and, at times, not even stoichiometrically defined. In order to provide a comprehensive set of structurally defined oxo-molybdenum complexes containing sulfur-donor ligands for comparison with the enzymes by EPR*, EXAFS* and other spectroscopic probes, we have embarked on an exten sive synthetic and isolation program to obtain relevant compounds in the Mo(IV), Mo(V) and MoiVI) oxidation states. Recently, EXAFS studies on xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase8 have confirmed the presence of sulfur and terminal oxo ligands in the coordination sphere of molybdenum and have revealed distinct similarities to some of the model compounds discussed here.9
Political Theory of Populism

Populism is the name of a global phenomenon whose definitional precariousness is proverbial. It resists generalizations and makes scholars of politics comparativist by necessity, as its language an...
Forsaking All Others? The Effects of

One of the conjectured benefits of establishing the legal recognition of samesex partnerships is that it would promote a culture of responsibility and commitment among homosexuals. A specific implication of this claim is that "gay marriage" will reduce the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI). In this study, I present a simple 2-period model, which provides a framework for discussing the ways in which gay marriage might reduce (or increase) the prevalence of STI. Then, I present reduced-form empirical evidence on whether gay marriage has actually reduced STI rates. These evaluations are based on country-level panel data from Europe, where nations began introducing national recognition of same-sex partnerships in 1989. The results suggest that these gay-marriage laws led to statistically significant reductions in syphilis rates. However, these effects were smaller and statistically imprecise with respect to gonorrhea and HIV.
Introduction to Optimization

This text is concerned with the derivation of conditions for finding the minimal performance of a nonlinear system and with the application of these conditions to the solution of selected minimization problems. In this chapter, optimization is divided into several parts depending on the complexity of the geometry involved. Then, example problems and general problems are presented for parameter optimization and optimal control theory. Next, the conversion of optimal control problems into parameter optimization problems is considered. Necessary conditions and sufficient conditions are discussed. Finally, a more detailed description of the text is presented.
The Downsides of Disruption and How We Might Manage Them

This chapter will consider the downsides of disruption in economic, social, political, and even personal contexts. There is a saying that “Everybody wants to develop a disruptive technology, but nobody wants to be disrupted,” and this is very true. This chapter will present several examples of how technological disruptions have had negative impacts upon both disrupters and those whose markets and businesses have been impacted by disruption. The chapter will also consider some of the costs and dangers of space disruptions as we now understand them.
Identification of a Self-Optimizing Control Structure from Normal Operating Data

In building systems, it is necessary to maintain comfort conditions while minimizing operating costs. One way to do this is to use a real-time optimizer (RTO) to adjust the setpoints of the controlled variables. Another way is to use a self-optimizing control (SOC) structure to find one or more new variables that, when controlled to the appropriate constant setpoints, drive the operating cost of the system to, or close to, its optimal point. A requirement of SOC is that an optimal operating point be used in the calculation of the self-optimizing variable(s) and the identification of its parameters. In this work, we propose a formulation of SOC that allows for the use of non-optimal data. The proposed method makes use of normal operating data to identify the parameters used to calculate the self-optimizing variables. Simulation of an HVAC system shows that the performance of the proposed method is similar to that of SOC based on optimal data, and also to the performance of an RTO alternative based on extremum-seeking control (ESC).
Awareness, current use of electronic cigarettes and associated smoking factors in Zhejiang Chinese adolescents.

Objectives The present study aims at examining the prevalence of awareness and current use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among middle and high school students from Zhejiang, China. Smoking-related factors associated with e-cigarettes use will also be explored. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on 2017 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A total of 24,157 adolescents were recruited and relevant data of e-cigarettes and smoking-related factors were collected via a self-reported questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between e-cigarettes current use and the smoking-related factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results Overall, 70.61% of middle and high school students reported hearing of e-cigarettes, while only 2.15% reported using e-cigarettes in the past month. Among smoking-related factors, cigarette smoking (ever and current), use of other tobacco products, second hand smoke exposure and previous attempts to quit smoking were significantly associated with higher current e-cigarettes use in adolescents. Conclusions These results presented high awareness of e-cigarettes while relatively low use in Chinese adolescents. Smoking-related factors were significantly associated with increased e-cigarettes use.
Revision Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Capsulolabral Repair in Contact Athletes: Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Purpose To determine risk factors and outcomes of revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair in contact athletes. Methods Contact athletes with unidirectional posterior instability who underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair from 2000 to 2014 with minimum 4-year follow-up were reviewed. Revision rate was determined and those who required revision surgery were compared with those who did not. Age, gender, labral and/or capsular injury, level of sport, and return to sport were compared. Pre- and postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, pain, function, stability, range of motion, strength, and satisfaction were also compared. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of glenoid bone width, glenoid version, labral width, labral version, and cartilage version were also compared. Results A total of 149 contact athletes’ shoulders met inclusion criteria. Eight shoulders required revision surgery (5.4%) at 13.0-year follow-up with 2.6 years between primary surgery and revision. Preoperative stability was significantly worse in those that required revision (0.008). Postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was significantly worse in the revision group (75.1 vs 87.8, P = .03). The only significant risk factor for requiring revision surgery was decreased glenoid bone width (26.4 mm vs 29.1 mm, P = .005). Cartilage version, labral version, and bone version were not significantly different, nor was labral width. Sex, labral injury, capsule injury, both capsule and labrum injury, and level of sport were not risk factors. Both return to sport at the same level (revision = 16.7% vs nonrevision = 72.1%, P Conclusions Contact athletes underwent revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at an incidence of 5.4% at minimum 4-year and average 13.0-year follow-up. The only significant risk factors for requiring revision surgery was smaller glenoid bone width and higher preoperative instability. Return to play after their subsequent surgery was significantly worse. Level of Evidence Level III, comparative study.
Morphological changes of intracranial pressure quantifies vasodilatory effect of verapamil to treat cerebral vasospasm

Introduction After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), both proximal and distal cerebral vasospasm can contribute to the development of delayed cerebral ischemia. Intra-arterial (IA) vasodilators are a mainstay of treatment for distal arterial vasospasm, but no methods of assessing the efficacy of interventions in real time have been established. Objective To introduce a new method for continuous intraprocedural assessment of endovascular treatment for cerebral vasospasm. Methods The premise of our approach was that distal cerebral arterial changes induce a consistent pattern in the morphological changes of intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse. This premise was demonstrated using a published algorithm in previous papers. In this study, we applied the algorithm to calculate the likelihood of cerebral vasodilation (VDI) and cerebral vasoconstriction (VCI) from intraprocedural ICP signals that are synchronized with injection of the IA vasodilator, verapamil. Cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) on bilateral cerebral arteries were studied before and after IA therapy. Results 192 recordings of patients with SAH were reviewed, and 27 recordings had high-quality ICP waveforms. The VCI was significantly lower after the first verapamil injection (0.47±0.017) than VCI at baseline (0.49±0.020, p Conclusion This study provides preliminary validation of an algorithm for continuous assessment of distal cerebral arterial changes in response to IA vasodilator infusion in patients with vasospasm and aneurysmal SAH.
Elite Women Athletes and Feminist Narrative in Sport

A number of sport philosophers have noted the potential of sport as meaningful narrative and storytelling. While these arguments are convincing, they fail to acknowledge that not all athletes exper...
THE OPTICAL POTENTIAL IN THE CHANNEL COUPLING ARRAY METHOD: A MODEL STUDY

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a model study of the optical potential in the channel coupling array method. It reviews an approach to collision problems that leads to new sets of coupled equations for the transition operators associated with a three-body system. A key feature of the method is the introduction of an array whose purpose is to permit one to couple different arrangements in a general fashion. Once the general coupled equations for the transition operator whose matrix elements give the scattering amplitude for going from arrangements is obtained, the channel coupling array may be used to ensure that the kernel of the equations, when iterated a sufficient finite number of times, contains no disconnected diagrams. When iterated a sufficient finite number of times, contains no disconnected diagrams. For sufficiently well-behaved potentials, this leads to a continuous kernel. This then ensures that finite rank approximations to the kernel are elements in a convergent sequence. The chapter focuses on a specific choice of the channel coupling array, called the channel permutting array, which leads to equations whose iterated kernel is connected. The three arrangement analogue of equation for three particles involves a kernel, which is completely connected.
The Nature of Science Card Exchange: Introducing the Philosophy of Science

To engage individuals in thinking about the nature of science, a subject that many may find obscure and esoteric, a good introduction is a necessity. This chapter presents a learning game called The NOS Card Exchange, originally developed in 1991 (Cobern 1991a), which has been found effective in arousing student and teacher interest in the philosophy of science. Here we describe the materials needed for the game and how the game is set up and played. There are many thoughtful articles in the literature stressing the need for philosophically literate teachers of science at all school levels (e.g., Allchin 2013; Erduran and Dagher 2014; Andersen et al. 1986; Hodson 1985; Machamer 1998, 2002; Matthews 2015; Martin 1979), and for many years textbooks used in science and science teaching method courses have contained some material on this important topic. Nevertheless, science educators in the past have been concerned that an acceptable level of philosophical sophistication was not being reached within the ranks of science teachers, and consequently are concerned about views toward the nature of science promoted in the classroom (e.g., Shymansky and Kyle 1986). In 1988, Duschl summarized the classroom situation by saying that “the prevailing view of the nature of science in our classrooms reflects an authoritarian view; a view in which scientific knowledge is presented as absolute truth and as a final form” (p. 51; also see Duschl 2008). This view is called scientism, and one purpose for teaching the nature of science is for guarding against scientism. Nevertheless, concerns about teachers’ understanding of the nature of science and about the epistemology and philosophy of science persist (Matthews 2015). This is a problem because as we learn more about students’ worldviews, we begin to understand how the scientistic view extinguishes students’ nascent interest in science (Cobern 1991b, 1996). Moreover, those students who do accept the scientistic view are likely to become disenchanted with science later as science fails to achieve the unrealistic expectations accompanying a scientism orientation. Furthermore, failing to understand the epistemology and philosophy of science may exacerbate doubts pertaining to controversial areas of science such as evolution (NAS 1998) and climate change (Carter and Wiles 2014). The challenge is how to teach the philosophy of science to teachers with greater effectiveness.
Atomic layer adhesion of ferroelectric nanoparticles: a new approach to dielectric composites

A thin film dielectric composite has been produced consisting of lead-free barium titanate nanoparticles bound by the conformal atomic layer deposition of hafnia. The materials were examined crystallographically, topologically, and structurally using a variety of techniques including scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electrical measurements of capacitors using the composite material revealed dielectric constant variations of 200–1200 depending on the bias direction, corresponding to asymmetric leakage mechanisms and contributions from interface defects. Piezoresponse force microscopy indicated accessible polarization within the nanoparticles. This work illustrates an approach for conformally depositing a dielectrically tunable composite thin film with novel electrical properties.
Cargo-Mediated Recruitment of the Endocytic Adaptor Protein Sla1.

Endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins is mediated by their interaction with adaptor proteins. Conversely, emerging evidence suggests adaptor protein recruitment to the plasma membrane may depend on binding to endocytic cargo. To test this idea we analyzed the yeast adaptor protein Sla1, which binds membrane proteins harboring the endocytic signal NPFxD via the Sla1 SHD1 domain. Consistently, SHD1 point mutations that disrupt NPFxD binding caused a proportional reduction of Sla1-GFP recruitment to endocytic sites. Furthermore, simultaneous SHD1 point mutation and deletion of the SR region linking Sla1 to coat proteins Pan1 and End3 resulted in total loss of Sla1-GFP recruitment to the plasma membrane. The data suggests multiple interactions are needed for recruitment to the membrane. Interestingly, a Sla1 fragment containing just the third SH3 domain - which binds ubiquitin - and SHD1, displayed broad surface localization suggesting plasma membrane recruitment is mediated by interaction with both NPFxD-containing and ubiquitinated plasma membrane proteins. Our results also imply that a Sla1 NPF motif adjacent to the SR region may regulate the Sla1-cargo interaction, mechanistically linking Sla1 cargo binding to endocytic site recruitment.
Analysis of the PAX6-Mediated Suppression Pathways in Gliomas: Downregulation of MMP2 Expression

2809 Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor. We have reported that the expression of PAX6 is decreased in most GBM patient samples when compared to adjacent normal tissue and anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs). Lower PAX6 expression in tumor tissue is an indication of an unfavorable prognosis for patients with malignant astrocytic gliomas (Zhou et. al. Clin. Can. Res. 9:3369-75). PAX6 encodes a transcription factor critical in the development of the eye and central nervous system. In contrast to the decreased expression of PAX6 in GBMs, we observed an increase in the expression of PAX6 in the GBM cell line U251 after introducing a normal chromosome 10. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 10 occurs in up to 80% of human GBM cases. Therefore, the reduced expression of PAX6 in GBMs may result from the loss of unidentified tumor suppression gene(s) in chromosome 10; however, this is not a simple side effect of LOH of chromosome 10. Overexpression of PAX6 via stable transfection of a PAX6/pRC-CMV construct in the GBM cell line U251HF suppressed anchorage-independent growth in vivo and tumor formation in vitro. This data is consistent with the hypothesis that PAX6 may have a tumor-suppressor function in GBM (Zhou et. al. J. Neuro-Oncology, in print). Microarray hybridization using Affymetrix chips revealed alterations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) gene expression in the suppressed U251HF PAX6-transfected cells. This data was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR from cells grown in vitro and in the brain of nude mice. Moreover, there is a reverse correlation between the expression of PAX6 and MMP2 in GBMs, but not in AAs. MMP2 is a well-known protease involved in cell invasion and the malignant progression of gliomas. MMP2 was also shown to be suppressed at a functional level in gelatin zymography assays in PAX6 transfectant cells. This suppression correlates with the near abolition of the ability of all PAX6 transfectants to invade in matrigel invasion assays; however, cells expressing a dominant negative mutant form of PAX6 (PAX6-344) displayed a significant enhancement in their ability to invade in this assay. Luciferase MMP2 promoter assays have indicated that the lower expression level of MMP2 in PAX6-transfected cells is due to lower MMP2 promoter activity. In conclusion, our data indicate that PAX6 plays an important role in suppressing the formation of GBM by suppressing the expression of MMP2. Identification and functional characterization of the cis-element responsible for the suppression of the MMP2 promoter activity by PAX6 is being examined.
Utilizing Teaching Technologies for Higher Education in a Post-COVID-19 Environment

Higher education can use technology in the classroom to meet students where they are and reduce the digital divide. Recent events with the COVID-19 pandemic forced schools to rely on multiple forms of technology and underlined the priority for its adoption and effective use. Therefore, understanding the options and role that easily accessible applications can play in the on-ground or online classroom is an important research need. This study assessed graduate students' perceptions of five different types of technology that were incorporated in the classroom across six different semesters. These technologies included classroom response systems, a mobile communication app, and Twitter, blogging, and video production assignments. Overall, the majority of students identified positive characteristics of all of the technology used. With respect to learning, almost all students self-identified increases in their learning from the classroom response systems (88%), Twitter discussion (81%), blogging (93%), and video production (90%). The methods used to incorporate this technology can be applied to multiple disciplines with few or no changes, thereby making these options for many instructors interested in engaging students in digital learning environments.
MACE2K: A Text-Mining Tool to Extract Literature-based Evidence for Variant Interpretation using Machine Learning

Interpretation of a given variant9s pathogenicity is one of the most profound challenges to realizing the promise of genomic medicine. A large amount of information about associations between variants and diseases used by curators and researchers for interpreting variant pathogenicity is buried in biomedical literature. The development of text-mining tools that can extract relevant information from the literature will speed up and assist the variant interpretation curation process. In this work, we present a text-mining tool, MACE2k that extracts evidence sentences containing associations between variants and diseases from full-length PMC Open Access articles. We use different machine learning models (classical and deep learning) to identify evidence sentences with variant-disease associations. Evaluation shows promising results with the best F1-score of 82.9% and AUC-ROC of 73.9%. Classical ML models had a better recall ( 96.6% for Random Forest) compared to deep learning models. The deep learning model, Convolutional Neural Network had the best precision (75.6%), which is essential for any curation task.
CO2 evolution rate during solid-state fermentation for preparation of tomato pomace as a poultry feed ingredient.

α-Tocopherol in tomato pomace fed to broilers could retard lipid oxidation in processed, heated and/or stored meat. However, in order for tomato pomace to be a value-added feed ingredient for poultry, this agricultural byproduct must contain reduced cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, possibly achieved by amendment with Mn (487 μM/g substrate) and treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus under solid-state fermentation. Research was conducted to assess the O2 consumption rate and the CO2 evolution rate in tomato pomace treated with Pleurotus ostreatus without and with Mn to determine if peak colonization rate (for heightened delignification) was delayed by amendment. Results revealed that (1) one mole of O2 was consumed for each mole of CO2 evolved, (2) the peak CO2 evolution rate for all treatments occurred between 300 to 350 h (12.5 to 14.6 d) and (3) the peak CO2 evolution rate and the cumulative evolution rate were not delayed by Mn addition. Thus, when Mn was amended to tomato pomace, the metabolic activity of P. ostreatus was reduced, thereby overriding potential improvements in pomace delignification and in-vitro digestibility. An atmosphere with >20% O2 and lower levels of Mn are needed to enhance delignification of tomato pomace for use in poultry feed. Key words: CO2 evolution, O2 consumption, Pleurotus ostreatus, tomato pomace, poultry feed DOI: 10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2009.01.028-032 Citation: Jamal A. Assi, Annie J. King, J. Vander Gheynst. CO2 evolution rate during solid-state fermentation for preparation of tomato pomace as a poultry feed ingredient. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2009; 2(1): 28
How―and Why―Middle School Intensive Reading Teachers Make Adaptations to a Scripted Curriculum:

The adoption of highly scripted curricular programs to promote literacy has become increasingly widespread. Little is known, however, about the extent to which teachers implement these programs as ...
Does self-esteem inflation mitigate mortality salience effects on suicide attitudes?

Introduction Suicide stigma is a major barrier to prevention and intervention efforts. Using terror management theory as the guiding framework, the present study examined whether enhancing self-esteem would buffer against suicide stigma and lead to prosocial attitudes and behavior. Methods Experimental methods were utilized in the present study. After being primed with death-related thoughts, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) positive feedback (experimental group) and (2) no feedback (control group). The dependent variables included (1) evaluations of a suicide decedent, (2) intentions to intervene against suicide, and (3) charitable donation behavior toward a suicide prevention organization. Results The most consistent findings for the self-esteem boost hypothesis were for the interaction effects of death anxiety and self-esteem boost for the donation allocation task and intentions to intervene against suicide. For participants who were reminded of death, the self-esteem boost intervention mitigated the negative impact of death anxiety on donation behavior (i.e., an average difference of $16.37). Positive feedback for participants with reported low self-esteem also led to increased willingness to intervene against suicide. Conclusion These findings provide some promising potential for the self-esteem enhancement intervention to attenuate defensive reactions to suicide.
Bounded Rationality in Differential Games: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach

This chapter presents a unified framework of bounded rationality for control systems, as this can be employed in a coordinated unmanned aerial vehicle tracking problem. By considering limitations in the decision-making mechanisms of the vehicles and utilizing learning algorithms that capture their level of cognition, we are able to design appropriate countermeasures. Via game-theoretic concepts, we derive the Nash equilibrium of the interaction between the evader and the pursuing team, with the first being the maximizing player and the team being the minimizing ones. We derive optimal pursuing and evading policies while taking into account the physical constraints imposed by Dubins vehicles. Subsequently, the infinite rationality assumption underlying the equilibrium is relaxed, and level-k thinking policies are computed through reinforcement-learning architectures. Convergence to the Nash equilibrium is shown as the levels of intelligence increase. Finally, simulation results verify the efficacy of our approach.
CNS Demyelinating Attacks Requiring Ventilatory Support With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein or Aquaporin-4 Antibodies.

Background and Objective Severe attacks of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody–associated disorder (MOGAD) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) may require ventilatory support, but data on episodes are limited, particularly for MOGAD. We sought to compare the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD attacks requiring ventilatory support. Methods This retrospective descriptive study identified Mayo Clinic patients (January 1, 1996–December 1, 2020) with MOGAD or AQP4-NMOSD and an attack requiring noninvasive or invasive ventilation at Mayo Clinic or an outside facility by searching for relevant terms in their electronic medical record. Inclusion criteria were (1) attack-related requirement for noninvasive (bilevel positive airway pressure or continuous positive airway pressure) or invasive respiratory support (mechanical ventilation); (2) MOG or AQP4 antibody positivity with fulfillment of MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD clinical diagnostic criteria, respectively; and (3) sufficient clinical details. We collected data on demographics, comorbid conditions, indication for and duration of respiratory support, MRI findings, treatments, and outcomes. The races of those with attacks requiring respiratory support were compared to those without such attacks in MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD. Results Attacks requiring ventilatory support were similarly rare in patients with MOGAD (8 of 279, 2.9%) and AQP4-NMOSD (11 of 503 [2.2%]) (p = 0.63). The age at attack (median years [range]) (MOGAD 31.5 [5–47] vs AQP4-NMOSD 43 [14–65]; p = 0.01) and percentage of female sex (MOGAD 3 of 8 [38%] vs AQP4-NMOSD 10 of 11 [91%]; p = 0.04) differed. The reasons for ventilation differed between MOGAD (inability to protect airway from seizure, encephalitis or encephalomyelitis with attacks of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 5 [62.5%] or unilateral cortical encephalitis 3 [37.5%]) and AQP4-NMOSD (inability to protect airway from cervical myelitis 9 [82%], rhombencephalitis 1 [9%], or combinations of both 1 [9%]). Median ventilation duration for MOGAD was 2 days (range 1–7 days) vs 19 days (range 6–330 days) for AQP4-NMOSD (p = 0.01). All patients with MOGAD recovered, but 2 of 11 (18%) patients with AQP4-NMOSD died of the attack. For AQP4-NMOSD, Black race was overrepresented for attacks requiring ventilatory support vs those without these episodes (5 of 11 [45%] vs 88 of 457 [19%]; p = 0.045). Discussion Ventilatory support is rarely required for MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD attacks, and the indications differ. Compared to MOGAD, these attacks in AQP4-NMOSD may have higher morbidity and mortality, and those of Black race were more predisposed, which we suspect may relate to socially mediated health inequality.
Plant-pollinator interaction niche broadens in response to severe drought perturbations.

The composition of plant–pollinator interactions—i.e., who interacts with whom in diverse communities—is highly dynamic, and we have a very limited understanding of how interaction identities change in response to perturbations in nature. One prediction from niche and diet theory is that resource niches will broaden to compensate for resource reductions driven by perturbations, yet this has not been empirically tested in plant–pollinator systems in response to real-world perturbations in the field. Here, we use a long-term dataset of floral visitation to Ipomopsis aggregata, a montane perennial herb, to test whether the breadth of its floral visitation niche (i.e., flower visitor richness) changed in response to naturally occurring drought perturbations. Fewer floral resources are available in drought years, which could drive pollinators to expand their foraging niches, thereby expanding plants’ floral visitation niches. We compared two drought years to three non-drought years to analyze changes in niche breadth and community composition of floral visitors to I. aggregata, predicting broadened niche breadth and distinct visitor community composition in drought years compared to non-drought years. We found statistically significant increases in niche breadth in drought years as compared to non-drought conditions, but no statistically distinguishable changes in community composition of flower visitors. Our findings suggest that plants’ floral visitation niches may exhibit considerable plasticity in response to disturbance. This may have widespread consequences for community-level stability as well as functional consequences if increased niche overlap affects pollination services.
Addressing Imbalances and Limits of Self Regulation: Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Cooperative and Competitive Enforced Self Regulation

In its aims to illustrate the limits and potentials of self-regulation, this research not only makes reference to the Enforced Self-Regulation model, but also the Competitive and Cooperative Enforced Self-Regulation model. In so doing it aims to consolidate on previous results derived from previous research by the author. Furthermore it aims to contribute to present and previous literature on the topic of self-regulation by incorporating an aspect which was not really addressed under the Enforced Self-Regulation model, namely, the regulation of self-regulated firms by professional self-regulated bodies such as professional accounting bodies which are involved in the issuing and enforcement of financial reporting standards. Through the Enforced Self-Regulation model, the role played by government in the direct monitoring of firms is highlighted. In incorporating the Co-operative and Competitive Enforced Self-Regulation model, it attempts to draw attention to the fact that the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms will restrict the maximization potential of such a model. As well as accentuating how corporate responsibility and accountability could be fostered through monitoring and the involvement of governments in the regulation of firms, this research aims to further consolidate on, as well as explain how corporate governance structures which operate in various systems function (and attempt) to address gaps which may arise as a result of lack of adequate mechanisms of accountability. Even though self-governance is criticized based on several grounds, which include namely, costs involved in monitoring management’s actions in ensuring that their goals are kept closely aligned with those of the investors and stakeholders of the firm, as well as the ultimate objective of maximization of the enterprises’ profits, other arguments and justifications in favor of self -governance may well supersede those which serve to discredit the merits and potentials of self -regulation and self-governance.