cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of serum GH and IGF-1 with satellite cell responsiveness in Targhee rams

This study was performed to assess the relationship between serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, slaughter weight, and myogenic satellite cell growth kinetics of Targhee rams. Serum was collected from 19 rams at 15-min intervals over a period of 4h. Radioimmunoassays of serum samples for GH revealed considerable variation (within individual rams) over the sampling period, with mean values ranging from 0·63 to 4·88 μg/l (mean overall 2·3 (s.e. 0·33) μg/l; no. = 19). There was no significant correlation between GH levels and slaughter weight (r = −0·11; P > 0·05) at 155 (s.e. 1·08) days. Serum IGF-1 levels of (individual) rams were invariant over the sampling period, with individual means ranging from 62 to 233 μg/l (mean overall of 117 (s.e. 45·6) ugll; no. = 19). IGF-1 was not strongly correlated with slaughter weight (r = +0·35; P > 0·05). Satellite cells were isolated from the left m. semimembranosus of all rams at slaughter and grown in culture to evaluate proliferation amount and differentiation extent. The correlations between serum GH levels and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro were r = −0·53 (P 0·05) or to differentiation (r = −0·07; P > 0·05) of the satellite cells. These data suggest that serum GH levels in Targhee rams may not reflect muscle growth potential if correlated to body weight of 155 days. Furthermore, as IGF-1 was not correlated significantly with slaughter weight or to variables of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, another mode of satellite cell regulation (possibly paracrine controllers) is more likely at play to coordinate the satellite cell involvement in muscle growth in Targhee rams at 155 days.
Interfacial Ring Orientation in Polythiophene Field-Effect Transistors on Functionalized Dielectrics

The impact of surface chemistry on interfacial molecular orientation is studied for polymeric organic field-effect transistor (oFET) assemblies using vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. The carbon–carbon vibrational modes on the backbone of side-chain deuterated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (DP3HT) are demonstrated to be an excellent handle for molecular orientation. DP3HT is utilized to avoid overlap in this spectral region with alkyl CH bending vibrations. Raman and FTIR spectroscopies are used to characterize the vibrational spectra of the thin films, and band assignments are confirmed by DFT calculations. Organosilane self-assembled monolayers are used to prepare oFET dielectrics with a range of surface energies, as measured by their water contact angles. The surface chemistry is found to have a profound influence on the field-effect carrier mobilities with lower surface energies producing higher mobilities. Polarization selective VSFG spectroscopy is then used to determine the relativ...
Materials Technology for InSb Misfet Applications

The narrow and direct bandgap of indium antimonide is frequently used to good advantage in detection of light in the infra-red region; however, to date little use has been made of the high mobilities associated with this material. Although its high intrinsic carrier concentration generally necessitates operation at cooled temperatures, higher speeds and the advantage of integrating other devices on-chip with the infrared detectors encourages the development of an active device technology on this semiconductor. Considering its small bandgap, the problems associated with good p-n junctions may favor the MISFET in this application. Surprisingly, little has been done toward this goal, though structures such as chargecoupled- devices [1], focal array detectors [2], and a few insulated gate FETs [3,4] have been fabricated. In this paper we present the results of our recent work toward the development of a fabrication technology for InSb MISFETs. Specifically, we have conducted a study of etchants, metal contacts, and dielectrics for application to mesa-structure, insulated gate field transistors.
Control of Face Flies (Musca autumnalis) on Beef Cattle in Indiana

Experiments utilizing organic insecticides on cable-rubber devices for the control of face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, were conducted in 1959 and 1960. Populations were adequately reduced by methoxychlor, toxaphene, DDT and ronnel. Five per cent Crag Fly Repellent® (butoxy polypropylene glycol), DDVP and dimethoate were ineffective in reducing populations.
The life of a Hospital Steward: the Civil War journal of Spencer Bonsall.

Le role d'un jeune assistant dans un hopital pendant la guerre civile aux Etats-Unis a travers ses recits et confessions detaillees dans son journal. Sa fonction depassait celle d'un simple assistant, puisqu'il avait parfois des responsabilites puisqu'il se transformait le cas echeant en pharmacien et devait meme pratiquer des autopsies.
Inhibition of protein synthesis but not β-adrenergic receptors blocks reconsolidation of a cocaine-associated cue memory

Previously consolidated memories have the potential to enter a state of lability upon memory recall, during which time the memory can be altered before undergoing an additional consolidation-like process and being stored again as a long-term memory. Blocking reconsolidation of aberrant memories has been proposed as a potential treatment for psychiatric disorders including addiction. Here we investigated of the effect of systemically administering the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol on reconsolidation. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine, during which each lever press resulted in the presentation of a cue paired with an intravenous infusion of cocaine. After undergoing lever press extinction to reduce operant responding, the cue memory was reactivated and rats were administered systemic injections of propranolol, cycloheximide, or vehicle. Post-reactivation cycloheximide, but not propranolol, resulted in a reactivation-dependent decrease in cue-induced reinstatement, indicative of reconsolidation blockade by protein synthesis inhibition. The present data indicate that systemically targeting protein synthesis as opposed to the β-adrenergic system may more effectively attenuate the reconsolidation of a drug-related memory and decrease drug-seeking behavior.
Lessons from the development of a conversational interface.

The design of an effective mixed initiative dialogue system still presents great challenges. This paper reports on the experiences gained in the design and implementation of an experimental spoken dialogue system, MIZIK, which revolves around a new domain, the music charts. It describes the processes we went through to: determine the development approach for a robust system; specify the scope of the domain; select an appropriate architecture and speech and language technology; collect training data specific to the domain and the target user population and, finally, to develop the experimental system. The paper concludes with a number of key lessons learnt during these processes, many of which are equally applicable to the design and development of any conversational speech interface.
Understanding the Role of ETS-Mediated Gene Regulation in Complex Biological Processes

Ets factors are members of one of the largest families of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, regulating critical functions in normal cell homeostasis, which when perturbed contribute to tumor progression. The well-documented alterations in ETS factor expression and function during cancer progression result in pleiotropic effects manifested by the downstream effect on their target genes. Multiple ETS factors bind to the same regulatory sites present on target genes, suggesting redundant or competitive functions. The anti- and prometastatic signatures obtained by examining specific ETS regulatory networks will significantly improve our ability to accurately predict tumor progression and advance our understanding of gene regulation in cancer. Coordination of multiple ETS gene functions also mediates interactions between tumor and stromal cells and thus contributes to the cancer phenotype. As such, these new insights may provide a novel view of the ETS gene family as well as a focal point for studying the complex biological control involved in tumor progression. One of the goals of molecular biology is to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Such an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer will provide new possibilities for: (1) earlier detection, as well as better diagnosis and staging of disease; (2) detection of minimal residual disease recurrences and evaluation of response to therapy; (3) prevention; and (4) novel treatment strategies. Increased understanding of ETS-regulated biological pathways will directly impact these areas.
Cuneiform Sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods: An Overview

Cuneiform Sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods: An Overview Cuneiform documents written in Babylonia provide valuable evidence for the experience of the Judeans who came there during the Exile and who remained throughout the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods. Recent publications add significant data to the corpus previously known. The article describes and summarizes the relevant cuneiform evidence that informs an understanding of the Judeans' role in the social and economic history of Babylonia. Comparanda make clear that the Judeans occupied a place in the Babylonian economy and social order similar to that of other deportee populations in Babylonia.
Vasculitis, Cerebral; Surgery

Vasculitis syndromes affecting the central nervous system represent a broad category of disease states characterized by protean clinical and histopathological findings. In most cases, surgical intervention is primarily a diagnostic rather than a therapeutic tool. The nomenclature, classification schemes, differential diagnoses, and operative indications useful in formulating the clinical approach to these entities are reviewed from a surgical perspective.
Verified Solution of Nonlinear Dynamic Models in Epidemiology

Epidemiological models can be used to study the impact of an infectious disease within a population. These models often involve parameters that are not known with certainty. A method is described for bounding the disease trajectories that are possible for given bounds on uncertain parameters and/or initial states. The method is based on the use of an interval Taylor series to represent dependence on time and the use of Taylor models to represent dependence on uncertain quantities. The use of this method in epidemiology is demonstrated using the SIRS model.
Effect of Methotrexate on an In Vitro Patient-Derived Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a method for isolating, culturing, and characterizing cells from patient-derived membranes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) to be used for drug testing. Methods PVR membranes were obtained from six patients with grade C PVR. Membrane fragments were analyzed by gross evaluation, fixed for immunohistologic studies to establish cell identity, or digested with collagenase II to obtain single cell suspensions for culture. PVR-derived primary cultures were used to examine the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on proliferation, migration, and cell death. Results Gross analysis of PVR membranes showed presence of pigmented cells, indicative of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry identified cells expressing α-smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Bestrophin-1, and F4/80, suggesting the presence of multiple cell types in PVR. Robust PVR primary cultures (C-PVR) were successfully obtained from human membranes, and these cells retained the expression of cell identity markers in culture. C-PVR cultures formed membranes and band-like structures in culture reminiscent of the human condition. MTX significantly reduced the proliferation and band formation of C-PVR, whereas it had no significant effect on cell migration. MTX also induced regulated cell death within C-PVR as assessed by increased expression of caspase-3/7. Conclusions PVR cells obtained from human membranes can be successfully isolated, cultured, and profiled in vitro. Using these primary cultures, we identified MTX as capable of significantly reducing growth and inducing cell death of PVR cells in vitro.
The intracellular location of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity.

The rapid appearance of radioactivity in the phosphoprotein fraction of tissues after exposure to inorganic radiophosphate was first noted by Davidson et al. (1). This finding was subsequently confirmed in several laboratories for a variety of cell types (2-5). The physiological function of phosphoproteins is obscure, however, since no direct evidence is yet available for their role in cell metabolism. Phosphoproteins such as casein can be phosphorylated by an enzyme present in mitochondria with adenosine triphosphate as the phosphate donor (6-9). A specific enzyme, phosphoprotein phosphatase, is capable of hydrolyzing the ester linkage. The phosphatase was originally found in frog eggs by Harris (lo), and it has been subsequently demonstrated in various tissues (11-13). We have recently reported on the properties of a phosphoprotein phosphatase occurring in the cytoplasmic particles of mouse liver (14). Construction of a hypothesis for the function of phosphoproteins in metabolism would be considerably aided by, and must be in agreement with, knowledge of the intracellular sites of the enzymes concerned in their metabolism. The observations reported here concern the intracellular location of the particulate phosphatase, and the existence of a second phosphoprotein phosphatase in the soluble phase of the cell. In addition, a particulate endogenous inhibitor of the soluble enzyme has been demonstrated.
Bone Marrow-Derived Tenascin-C Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Controlling Inflammation.

Abstract Background Tenascin-C (TNC) is a highly conserved matricellular protein with a distinct expression pattern during development and disease. Remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in response to pressure overload leads to the re-expression of the fetal gene program. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the function of TNC in cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. Methods Pressure overload was induced in TNC knockout and wild-type mice by constricting their abdominal aorta or by infusion of angiotensin II. Echocardiography, immunostaining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and reciprocal bone marrow transplantation were used to evaluate the effect of TNC deficiency. Results Echocardiographic analysis of pressure overloaded hearts revealed that all LV parameters (LV end-diastolic and -systolic dimensions, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening) deteriorated in TNC-deficient mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. Cardiomyocyte size and collagen accumulation were significantly greater in the absence of TNC. Mechanistically, TNC deficiency promoted rapid accumulation of the CCR2+/Ly6Chi monocyte/macrophage subset into the myocardium in response to pressure overload. Further, echocardiographic and immunohistochemical analyses of recipient hearts showed that expression of TNC in the bone marrow, but not the myocardium, protected the myocardium against excessive remodeling of the pressure-overloaded heart. Conclusions TNC deficiency further impaired cardiac function in response to pressure overload and exacerbated fibrosis by enhancing inflammation. In addition, expression of TNC in the bone marrow, but not the myocardium, protected the myocardium against excessive remodeling in response to mild pressure overload.
Validation of a Mathematical Model of Bidirectional Glenn Circulation With Aortopulmonary Collaterals and the Implications for QP/QS Calculation

Objectives A mathematical model of the oxygen delivery kinetics of the bidirectional Glenn (BDG) shunt circulation incorporating aortopulmonary collateral (APC) flow was created. The model was used to characterize oxygen delivery and compare modeled data to actual patient data obtained using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and catheterization. In addition, cardiac MRI and catheterization assessment of pulmonary blood flow in the presence of APC flow were compared. Design Mathematical model and retrospective data analysis of patients who underwent cardiac MRI and catheterization. The mathematical model is based on the concept that APC flow to the lungs is recirculated pulmonary venous blood flow, which does not contribute to systemic oxygen delivery. Setting Single-center, university teaching hospital. Participants The study included 98 patients with BDG shunt undergoing cardiac MRI and cardiac catheterization. Measurements and Main Results In the absence of APC flow, the pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) calculated using cardiac catheterization data closely matched that obtained with cardiac MRI. In the presence of APC flow, Qp/Qs calculated using cardiac catheterization data systematically underestimated values obtained with cardiac MRI. A mathematical model of BDG shunt oxygen delivery incorporating variable APC flow was created. The model provided reasonable prediction of actual patient data for arterial blood oxygen, superior vena cava oxygen saturation, and oxygen delivery obtained at the time of cardiac catheterization in patients. Conclusion The oxygen delivery kinetics of a BDG shunt incorporating variable APC flow can be modeled mathematically. Model output can be used to predict blood oxygen saturation after coil embolization of APC flow in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
Dual Solutions in a Boundary Layer Flow of a Power Law Fluid over a Moving Permeable Flat Plate with Thermal Radiation, Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation/Absorption

The aim of the present study is to investigate the combined effects of the thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, suction/injection and internal heat generation/absorption on the boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian power law fluid over a semi infinite permeable flat plate moving in parallel or reversely to a free stream. The resulting system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is first transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which are then solved numerically by using the shooting technique. It is found that the dual solutions exist when the flat plate and the free stream move in the opposite directions. Dimensionless boundary layer velocity and temperature distributions are plotted and discussed for various values of the emerging physical parameters. Finally, the tables of the relevant boundary derivatives are presented for some values of the governing physical parameters.
Psychometric examination of the short version of the learning climate questionnaire using item response theory

Self-determination theory proposes that autonomy support in the classroom is critical for students’ optimal motivation and performance. However, the literature has not adequately demonstrated the psychometric qualities of the most popular measurement for autonomy-supportive classrooms, the Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) and its short version. Using the graded response model in item response theory (IRT), the current study evaluates the short version of the LCQ with a large sample (N = 13570). IRT and classic psychometric analyses show that the scale is generally satisfactory in measuring latent learning climate, with the exceptions that Item 4 appears to be inadequate and that the scale is relatively weak in distinguishing highly autonomy-supportive classrooms. We provide suggestions for future studies, such as dropping Item 4 and including more items that tap into instructional practices located on the higher end of the latent autonomy support spectrum. Implications of the current findings for the conceptualization of autonomy support are also discussed.
Prenatal aqueduct stenosis: Association with rhombencephalosynapsis and neonatal outcome

Background and purpose To examine prenatal MRI and postnatal imaging in fetuses with congenital aqueductal stenosis (CAS) to determine the frequency of association of rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) and how it may affect neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) course. Materials and methods A single center IRB-approved retrospective study of children with CAS was performed. Prenatal MRI, postnatal images, and clinical data were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS statistical software package version 9.3. Results Aqueduct obstruction was confirmed for all 30 participants. Hydrocephalus required shunting in all but one (97%). Fifteen neonates had CAS with rhomboencephalosynapsis (RES) (50%). Although neonatal course between the two groups was comparable, 53% of CAS with RES neonates required feeding assistance versus 20% in CAS only (P = 0.128). Shunting in the CAS with RES group occurred at average of 6 days of life versus CAS group at 55 days (P = 0.196). Biometry measurements showed a statistically significant decrease in pons antero-posterior diameter in both groups (CAS only P = 0.0049 and CAS with RES P = 0.0003) when compared with norms for gestational age. Conclusion CAS has a high association with RES. Feeding assistance in the NICU and earlier neurosurgical intervention may be required in patients with CAS who also have RES.
Binding Affinity and Function of the Extremely Disordered Protein Complex Containing Human Linker Histone H1.0 and Its Chaperone ProTα.

It was recently reported that human linker histone H1.0 and its chaperone prothymosin-α (ProTα) form an extremely disordered 1:1 complex with an ultrahigh affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant KD of ∼2 × 10-12 M) measured using a single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer method. It was hypothesized that the ultrahigh affinity and extreme disorder may be required for the chaperone function of ProTα, in which it displaces the linker histone from condensed chromatin. Here, we measure the binding affinity for the ProTα-H1.0 complex using isothermal titration calorimetry and report a KD value of (4.6 ± 0.5) × 10-7 M. In addition, we show that ProTα facilitates the formation of the H1.0-nucleosome complex in vitro. The results of our study contrast with those of the previous report and provide new insights into the chaperone function of ProTα. Possible causes for the observed discrepancy in binding affinity are discussed.
Qualification of multiple-particle positron emission particle tracking (M-PEPT) technique for measurements in turbulent wall-bounded flow

Abstract Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) has been shown to be useful for flow interrogation in opaque systems. In this work, a recently developed method for multiple-particle PEPT (M-PEPT) is employed for measurement of flow in a pipe at ReD = 42 600, and results are compared to direct numerical simulation (DNS) data to test the capability of M-PEPT for measurement of statistical quantities in turbulent flow. Correction for photon depth of interaction in detectors is seen to be needed and is applied. M-PEPT is shown to be capable of measuring quantities such as mean velocity and acceleration, Reynolds stress, and turbulent kinetic energy budget outside of the near-wall region. Further refinement of the technique is needed to resolve near-wall turbulence features.
Integrating User Feedback under Identity Uncertainty in Knowledge Base Construction

Users have tremendous potential to aid in the construction and maintenance of knowledges bases (KBs) through the contribution of feedback that identifies incorrect and missing entity attributes and relations. However, as new data is added to the KB, the KB entities, which are constructed by running entity resolution (ER), can change, rendering the intended targets of user feedback unknownâ€“a problem we term identity uncertainty. In this work, we present a framework for integrating user feedback into KBs in the presence of identity uncertainty. Our approach is based on having user feedback participate alongside mentions in ER. We propose a specific representation of user feedback as feedback mentions and introduce a new online algorithm for integrating these mentions into an existing KB. In experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the baselines in 70% of experimental conditions.
Pre-compensation of servo tracking errors through data-based reference trajectory modification

Abstract This paper presents a new dynamic error compensation approach with novel data-based closed-loop tuning scheme to enhance tracking accuracy of machine tool feed-drives. Both servo dynamics and friction disturbance induced positioning errors are pre-compensated by modifying the reference trajectory. Velocity and acceleration profiles of reference trajectory are modulated to achieve perfect tracking. Reference position profile is modified based on the pre-sliding friction regime to eliminate quadrant glitches. Optimal error compensation is achieved by a digital trajectory pre-filter whose parameters are tuned automatically by making on-the-fly iterative adjustments. Effectiveness of proposed compensation approach is validated experimentally in multi-axis feed-drive systems.
Adoption of low tidal volume ventilation in the emergency department: A quality improvement intervention.

Abstract Background Ventilator tidal volumes of >8 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) may increase the risk of lung injury. We sought to evaluate the impact of a quality improvement intervention among intubated Emergency Department (ED) patients to protocolize the prescription of low tidal volume ventilation. Methods In this before-and-after study, the average tidal volume delivered to ED patients receiving volume assist-control ventilation was compared before (2007–2014) and after (2015–2016) implementation of a ventilator initiation protocol (the quality improvement intervention). The intervention emphasized 1) measurement of the patient's height to calculate PBW and therefore tailor the tidal volume to estimated lung size ( Results Among ventilated ED patients meeting inclusion criteria in the before (N = 2185) and after (N = 774) cohorts, the mean (±SD) tidal volume decreased from 9.0 ± 1.4 mL/kg to 7.2 ± 0.9 mL/kg PBW following the intervention (absolute difference 1.8 mL/kg, 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 1.9 mL/kg, p Conclusions Pairing a ventilator initiation protocol with focused education and resources for emergency physicians and respiratory therapists was associated with a significant reduction in tidal volume delivered to ED patients.
Financial market risk and macroeconomic stability variables: dynamic interactions and feedback effects

This study investigates dynamic interactions and feedback effects between financial market risk proxied by VIX and key macroeconomic stability variables that include the rate of unemployment, headline inflation and market-based inflation expectations reflected by the breakeven inflation. We argue that market risk should play a stronger role in macroeconomic modeling and forecasting than it has been recognized thus far in the literature. We employ vector autoregression with impulse response functions, as well as two-state Markov switching tests to examine these interactions on the longest available US monthly data. The empirical tests show that the association between market risk and macroeconomic fundamentals is predominantly neutral at normal, predictable economic conditions. It becomes very pronounced at times of financial distress, in the environment of elevated market risk coupled with uncertain expectations for macroeconomic variables. Shocks in VIX have a longer impact on macroeconomic stability than that generally claimed in the prior literature. The Markov switching tests for CPI and breakeven inflation indicate that households and businesses are concerned primarily about episodes of increasing inflation, while bond market participants worry mainly about declining inflation and deflation.
Immunotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The 5-year survival rate for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved to more than 90% in high-income countries. However, further increases in the intensity of conventional chemotherapy would be associated with significant adverse effects; therefore, novel approaches are necessary. The last decade has seen significant advances in targeted therapy with immunotherapy and molecular therapeutics, as well as advances in risk stratification for therapy based on somatic and germline genetic analysis and monitoring of minimal residual disease. For immunotherapy, the approval of antibody-based therapy (with blinatumomab in 2014 and inotuzumab ozogamicin in 2017) and T cell-based therapy (with tisagenlecleucel in 2017) by the US Food and Drug Administration has significantly improved the response rate and outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL. These strategies have also been tested in the frontline setting, and immunotherapy against a new ALL-associated antigen has been developed. Incorporating effective immunotherapy into ALL therapy would enable the intensity of conventional chemotherapy to be decreased and thereby reduce associated toxicity, leading to further improvement in survival and quality of life for patients with ALL.
Design of Low-Profile Tactile Actuator with Rich Vibrotactile Stimulation For Wearable Applications

Vibrotactile stimulation is becoming more popular in haptic applications due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to be used in wearable/flexible devices. Traditional vibrotactile actuators are either low-cost with limited expressiveness of vibration cues or high-cost with great expressiveness. We designed, characterized, and perceptually evaluated a low-profile, low-cost vibrotactile actuator that can control frequency and intensity of vibration independently. The actuator characterization demonstrated its ability to display frequencies in a perceptually flat response for the frequency band (110-300 Hz). Furthermore, the vibration intensity can be controlled independently in the same frequency band (110–300Hz), producing a flat response. A psychophysics experiment is conducted to validate the perceptual capabilities of the actuator. It is found that the actuator can display perceptually distinct stimulation across the defined frequency and intensity bands. The proposed actuators can be used to develop ubiquitous vibrotactile stimulation with high expressivity at low cost.
Systematic Review of Pain Severity and Opioid Craving in Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective To evaluate measurement and associations between pain severity and opioid craving in individuals with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy and/or with opioid use disorder. Study design . Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Methods . The PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched in October 2018. Eligible studies evaluated pain severity and opioid craving in individuals with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy and/or with opioid use disorder. Two reviewers independently screened eligible studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. Results Of 625 studies, 16 fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria of this review and were grouped by diagnostic focus (i.e., chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy, opioid use disorder, or both). Methods of assessment varied considerably across studies, especially with respect to opioid craving in chronic pain populations. Mean levels of pain were at what is considered moderate to severe in individuals with chronic pain and/or opioid use disorder. There was a modest positive relationship between pain and opioid craving that was more pronounced in studies of individuals with opioid use disorder compared with those with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy. Conclusions Pain severity and opioid craving are likely related, but inconsistencies in measurement limit confidence. The overall quality of evidence is moderate, and careful consideration of how pain and craving are assessed in both chronic pain and opioid use disorder patients is warranted.
A Multimedia Educational Module for Teaching Early Medical Neuroanatomy.

Introduction As the global burden of neurological disorders continues to rise, physicians’ need for a solid understanding of neuroanatomy is becoming more important. Traditional neuroanatomy curric...
Impact Investing: A Theory of Financing Social Enterprises

I present a model of financing social enterprises to delineate the role of impact investors relative to “pure” philanthropists. I characterize the optimal scale and structure of a social enterprise when financed by grants, and when financed by investments. The analysis yields two heuristics to guide impact investors. First, investments allow a financier to discipline inefficient spending. Second, investments may enable a social enterprise to exploit new opportunities for profit, and may increase the enterprise’s scale relative to when grant financed. I quantify these heuristics for the case of Husk Power, a social enterprise that has received impact investment.
4.38 – Frontal Polymerization

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a process in which a localized reaction zone propagates through monomer or monomers, leaving polymer in its wake. There are three types of FP. The first is photofrontal polymerization in which the front is driven by the continuous flux of radiation, usually UV light. The second is isothermal frontal polymerization, which is based on the ‘gel effect’ to create a localized reaction zone to propagate slowly from a polymer seed. The last type is thermal frontal polymerization, and it results from the coupling of thermal transport and the Arrhenius dependence of the reaction rate of an exothermic polymerization. This last approach has the greatest range of phenomena and applications.
Letter to the editor for the article titled ‘serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the prevention of migraine and vestibular migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis’

To the Editor We read with great interest the manuscript by Wang et al titled ‘Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the prevention of migraine and vestibular migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis’,[1][1] which appeared in the April 2020 issue of Regional Anesthesia &
Skillsets, Coordinative Capabilities, and Employment Outcomes in the U.S. Civil Service

What makes a person’s skillset valuable? Many scholars have focused on a generalist-versus-specialist theoretical framework. Rather than focusing on skill breadth, this paper theorizes that skill-b...
Inequality, Poverty, and Social Protection in Bulgaria

Absolute poverty has dropped markedly in Bulgaria but income inequality has increased substantially in the aftermath of the GFC This increase is due to a rise in market income inequality that was compounded by a reduction in fiscal redistribution The redistributive role of direct taxation has declined with the introduction of a flat tax and social spending is relatively low and decreasing (as a share of GDP), is concentrated on a few social risks, and experienced a decline in its redistributive efficiency The COVID-19 crisis is likely to deepen income inequality, increasing the room for redistributive policies
Architecture and properties of TCR fuel form

Abstract The fuel form developed for the Transformational Challenge Reactor demonstration program leverages recent advances in manufacturing, materials, and computational sciences, delivering a new architecture for production of high-performance microencapsulated nuclear fuels. The fuel consists of conventionally manufactured uranium nitride tristructural isotropic fuel particles embedded inside a 3D-printed silicon carbide matrix. This paper describes the overall architecture and manufacturing process for this fuel form, its properties and behavior, and the ongoing development activities.
Firearm Violence, Access to Care, and Gentrification: A Moving Target for American Trauma Systems.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether gentrification predicts the movement of shooting victims over time and if this process has decreased access to care. BACKGROUND Trauma centers remain fixed in space, but the populations they serve do not. Nationally, gentrification has displaced disadvantaged communities most at risk for violent injury, potentially decreasing access to care. This process has not been studied, but an increase of only 1 mile from a trauma center increases shooting mortality up to 22%. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study utilizing Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) and Pennsylvania trauma systems outcome (PTOS) data 2006-2018. Shootings were mapped and grouped into census tracts. They were then cross-mapped with gentrification data and hospital location. PPD and PTOS shooting data were compared to ensure patients requiring trauma care were captured. Census tracts with ≥500 residents with income and median home values in the bottom 40th percentile of the metropolitan area were eligible to gentrify. Tracts were gentrified if residents ≥25 with a bachelor's degree increased and home price increased to the top third in the metropolitan area. Change in distribution of shootings and its relation to gentrification was our primary outcome while proximity of shootings to a trauma center was our secondary outcome. RESULTS Thirty-two percent (123/379) of eligible tracts gentrified and 31,165 shootings were captured in the PPD database. 9090 (29.2%) patients meeting trauma criteria were captured in PTOS with an increasing proportion over time. The proportion of shootings within gentrifying tracts significantly dropped 2006-2018 (40%-35%, P < 0.001) and increased in non-gentrifying tracts (52%-57%, P < 0.001). In evaluation of shooting densities, a predictable redistribution occurred 2006-2018 with incident density decreasing in gentrified areas and increasing in non-gentrified areas. Shootings within 1 mile of a trauma center increased overall, but proportional access decreased in gentrified areas. CONCLUSIONS Shootings in Philadelphia predictably moved out of gentrified areas and concentrated in non-gentrified ones. In this case study of a national crisis, the pattern of change paradoxically resulted in an increased clustering of shootings around trauma centers in non-gentrified areas. Repetition of this work in other cities can guide future resource allocation and be used to improve access to trauma care.
Simulation of a bubble rising at high Reynolds number with mass-conserving finite element lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract A mass-conserving finite element lattice Boltzmann equation (FE-LBE) method for the simulation of a bubble rising in viscous fluid at high Reynolds number with large material property contrast is presented in this work. The presented model consists of the conservative phase-field equation for interface capturing and the pressure-velocity formulation of lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) for recovering the hydrodynamic properties. In this computational framework, LBE is regarded as a special space time discretization of the discrete Boltzmann equation in the characteristic direction and the streaming step is carried out by solving a linear advection equation in an Eulerian framework. We conduct extensive investigations for numerical accuracy and stability through performing multiple benchmark simulations for single bubble rising in a viscous fluid in different flow regimes. The complex dynamics of a high Reynolds number bubble rising with path and shape oscillations are studied and compared to available experimental results. The simulated evolution of the bubble mean shape with Archimedes number, path and shape oscillations in different oscillation regimes, and wake dynamics of the bubble show a good agreement with available experimental data. The current model offers a remarkable improvement in mass conservation compared to the Cahn-Hilliard based FE-LBE model.
Technologies to Improve the Profitability of Silicon PV Module Recycling

With today's technology, the cost for recycling Si PV modules far exceeds the revenue from recycling. This paper examines two recycling scenarios which can improve the profitability of Si module recycling: 1) module reuse and 2) material extraction and reuse. The process sequences for the two scenarios are outlined, along with the potential revenues, the recycling technologies needed, and the major challenges for each scenario. Material extraction and reuse is the ultimate solution for module recycling. A two-stage recycling process is proposed for this scenario. The first stage is module recycling which can be done locally to recover and recycle ~95% of the module weight. The second stage is cell recycling which is carried out in centralized facilities involving chemical processing. Several module trends which negatively impact module recyclability are discussed including dual-glass modules and reduced Ag consumption in modules.
Dynamics of health and labor income in Korea

Abstract This study aims to better understand the causal links between health and labor income among middle-aged and older adults. Much of the literature on health and employment consists of studies using data on young or working-age adults for the United States and European countries. This study focuses on Korean middle-aged and older adults (ages 45 to 74 years) and uses dynamic panel data models. With 12 waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study collected from 2006 to 2017, we consider the heterogeneity of the results across demographic and socioeconomic groups. The sample is stratified by gender, age, urban-rural areas, poverty status, and marital status. Health is measured through self-reported health status. For middle-aged and older Koreans, better health is found to contribute to higher labor income for both men and women, particularly among married couples, the poor, and individuals aged 55 to 64. Labor income appears to benefit men’s health only, mainly those aged 65 to 74.
Role of Metabolic Shifts in Protection from Mutation Damage: Characterizing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in C. Elegans Gas-1 Mutants

Many terminal human diseases are caused by mutations affecting mitochondrial functioning. Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for producing cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) at mitochondrial electron transport chains (ETC). Proper ETC functioning relies on maintenance of the electrochemical gradient essential for energy production, known as mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψM). The inner mitochondrial membrane is the site of the ETC and is most closely in contact with the enzymatic processes occurring within the mitochondrial matrix. Mutations affecting protein components of the ETC are especially troublesome for organelle health. ETC mutants commonly express altered ∆ψM, as well as increased production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are hypothesized to cause genomic damage and lasting mutation. The nematode C. elegans is a practical model organism for investigating the phenotypic and genomic consequences of ETC mutations. Despite expressing higher levels of damaging ROS, the ETC protein complex 1 mutant, gas-1, expresses heritable mtDNA and nDNA mutation rates identical to those of wild type animals. I am using a mitochondria-targeted dye and fluorescence microscopy to quantify and compare ∆ψM levels of the gas-1 mutant and wild type animals. This work will provide a novel phenotypic characterization of this mutant and indicate whether decreased metabolic activity (e.g., reduced reliance on OXPHOS) is occurring in gas-1, and perhaps conferring protection from genomic degradation. Based on gas-1’s characteristically low ATP production and high ROS production, I expect that ∆ψM will be higher in gas-1 as compared to wild type levels.
The Pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Thus did Charles Bradley report, in 1937, that benzedrine helped behavior-disordered children. In the previous year at least four reports had described stimulant drug effects upon mood, fatigue, and cognition scores in adult populations. Over the intervening 50 years, at least 15 other medications have been studied for their ability to help children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH), formerly known as the hyperactive child syndrome, minimal brain dysfunction, and hyperkinesis. The large number of medications have been tried in part to help elucidate the mechanism of action of the stimulants and possibly the pathophysiology of ADDH.
Low cost digital photography approach to monitoring optical bending and guiding in the atmosphere

A low-cost system consisting of a commercial DSLR camera and a long focal length zoom lens is introduced for the purpose of recording the guiding and bending phenomena caused by atmospheric refraction in the planetary boundary layer. A significant advantage of this system is that long duration monitoring (weeks or months) is possible with the camera operated in a time-lapse mode. Recent experiments were performed with this type of system over a 12.8 km path in Dayton, OH and a 15.3 km path in Las Cruces, NM. The measured downward vertical drift of the target images in daytime (10 to 50 pixels) are roughly consistent with an approximate theory outlined in this paper.
Tidal modulation of nocturnal vertical migration from the benthos: a high resolution acoustic analysis

Emergence-trap sampling has shown that several species living primarily on or in the sediment emerge nightly into the water column. A TRACOR acoustic profiler, TAPS, was mounted on the sea bottom, looking upwards in approximately 10 m of water in the Damariscotta River Estuary, Walpole, Maine. TAPS emits high-frequency (265-3,000 kHz) sonar pulses and each minute measures backscatter from 12.5 cm range bins in the water column. TAPS data showed a distinct increase in backscatter in the water column most evenings, beginning near or after dusk and terminating before dawn. Emergence-trap samples suggest that the acoustic signal was dominated by Neomysis americana and Crangon septemspinosa, a possum and decapod shrimp, respectively. In addition, there appeared to be a second emergence event per night. A higher-density emergence event occurred shortly after the first peak in tidal speed after dark, as the tidal currents were decelerating. Although "emergence" of hyperbenthic organisms has only been documented as occurring at night, a similar increase in backscatter was observed during the day, however, was significantly smaller than at night. Our acoustic results suggest that emergence in the Damariscotta River Estuary is tidally modulated. They also suggest that emergence in an environment with strong tidal velocities may be more temporally complex than previous studies by non-acoustic means have been able to resolve.
Should Blame Be Part of the Education of Character

Should blame be part of the education of character? In what follows, an answer is posited with reference to the contemporary character education movement in the United States. Or rather, in a philosophical methodology inspired by the late French philosopher-historian Michel Foucault, a different question-set is posed: How has the character education movement come to be constituted? What is its dominant rationality? Is blame a part of it? As revealed subsequently, a striking observation is that “blame” is largely missing in the literature of the movement. And yet it is powerfully but implicitly present in the discussions of movement adherents. Other questions arise: What does this absent/presence mean? Within what societal problematic has this occurred?
"Being Alive Well": Health and the Politics of Cree Well‐Being.

"Being Alive Well": Health and the Politics of Cree Well-Being. Naomi Adelson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. ix. 141 pp.