cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolving fast and slow motions in the internal loop containing stem-loop 1 of HIV-1 that are modulated by Mg2+ binding: role in the kissing–duplex structural transition

Stem loop 1 (SL1) is a highly conserved hairpin in the 5′-leader of the human immunodeficiency virus type I that forms a metastable kissing dimer that is converted during viral maturation into a stable duplex with the aid of the nucleocapsid (NC) protein. SL1 contains a highly conserved internal loop that promotes the kissing–duplex transition by a mechanism that remains poorly understood. Using NMR, we characterized internal motions induced by the internal loop in an SL1 monomer that may promote the kissing–duplex transition. This includes micro-to-millisecond secondary structural transitions that cause partial melting of three base-pairs above the internal loop making them key nucleation sites for exchanging strands and nanosecond rigid-body stem motions that can help bring strands into spatial register. We show that while Mg2+ binds to the internal loop and arrests these internal motions, it preserves and/or activates local mobility at internal loop residues G272 and G273 which are implicated in NC binding. By stabilizing SL1 without compromising the accessibility of G272 and G273 for NC binding, Mg2+ may increase the dependence of the kissing–duplex transition on NC binding thus preventing spontaneous transitions from taking place and ensuring that viral RNA and protein maturation occur in concert.
Phase relations in the magnesium-rich portion of the cerium-magnesium system

Abstract The constitution of alloys up to 50 wt. % of cerium in magnesium has been studied by conventional methods of differential thermal analysis, metallography and X-ray diffraction. The previously reported compound, CeMg 9 , is shown not to exist as such, but rather that a series of three compounds formed peritectically (CeMg 12 , Ce 2 Mg 17 and CeMg 8.25 ) exist in this composition region. Approximately twelve degrees centigrade below its formation the compound Ce 2 Mg 17 decomposes into the other two compounds in a eutectoid reaction. The eutectic is between magnesium and CeMg 12 at about 593°C and 4.2 at. % cerium. The designation CeMg 8.25 is tentative as the exact stoichiometry is unknown.
Epizootiology of an undescribed microsporidium in populations of Chorthippus curtipennis (orthoptera: Acrididae)

Resultats du suivi de l'abondance et du taux de parasitisme d'un entomopathogene de C.c. dans le Montana.
Studies of tumor hypoglycemia

Abstract Fasting hypoglycemia, in a patient with an intrathoracic mesothelioma, was corrected by surgical excision of the tumor. Studies of the patient and the tumor revealed the following: Asymptomatic hypoglycemia, reversible with exogenous glucagon, evolved slowly and only after several hours of fasting; plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response to provocative testing improved after excision of the tumor; circulating insulin-like activity (ILA), as measured by three bioassays (rat epididymal fat pad, rat hemi-diaphragm, and the in vivo method of Rafaelson 20 ), correlated very well with IRI, and both were appropriate; the tumor had a high rate of glucose uptake, glucose metabolism predominantly being by anaerobic glycolysis and unresponsive to insulin, and extracted no free fatty acids (FFA); trace amounts only of ILA or IRI were present in tumor homogenates. The patient's endocrine counter-regulatory mechanisms were not activated despite fasting hypoglycemia, for plasma growth hormone, cortisol and FFA levels were no higher before surgery (when hypoglycemic) than after (when normoglycemic). Acute hypoglycemia, during an insulin tolerance test, promptly elicited appropriate endocrine responses. Parallels between this form of hypoglycemia, and that associated with glucagon deficiency, suggest that two additional factors may operate in patients with tumor-associated hypoglycemia: Rates of plasma glucose decline less than critical may fail to trigger counter-regulatory endocrine responses until profound hypoglycemia develops; an acquired form of glucagon deficiency may impair glucose counter-regulatory processes.
Can Internal Markets Address the Failures of Planning Systems? Bringing Markets into Hierarchies

The deficiencies of firms with bureaucracies and hierarchical planning systems have been widely described. The most common responses are the use of more nonhierarchical network-like coordination an...
Electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level Λ-type system in rubidium atoms

An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.
Syndecan-4: A component of the mechanosensory apparatus of cardiac fibroblasts

Cardiac fibroblasts are the major nonmuscle cells of ventricular myocardium, where they comprise up to 30% of the total cell population of the murine heart [1]. Their lineage remains uncertain, although their ancestry appears to be derived from multiple sources during development and disease [2,3]. Cardiac fibroblasts are the major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and as such have been implicated as the predominant cell type responsible for the interstitial and perivascular fibrosis that develops during ventricular remodeling [4]. As fibroblast lineage varies, it remains unclear whether all subpopulations of cardiac fibroblasts participate in the over-production of fibrillar collagens and other ECM components during cardiac fibrosis. Nevertheless, a complete understanding on the molecular mechanisms responsible for cardiac fibrosis may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention in heart failure. In a recent issue of the Journal, Herum and colleagues [5] now provide new and important information regarding the phenotypic modulation of cardiac fibroblasts, and reveal a previously unrecognized signaling pathway involved in the regulation of cardiac ECM biosynthesis.
Effects of lipid-soluble substances on the thermotropic properties of liposome filtration.

Abstract Filtration of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes at various temperatures from 3 to 60°C revealed a discontinuous change in filtration behavior centered about the gel-to-liquid crystal transition temperature. This change was continuous at temperatures immediately above or below the transition temperature. Although pure dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes are in the gel state at 22°C, passage of liposomes composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol through the filters at 22°C gave results similar to those obtained with liquid-crystal liposomes. Low cholesterol concentrations were nearly as effective as high concentrations in producing this behavior; this observation is consistent with a shear mechanism for reduction of liposome size, since the stress induced by passage of the otherwise rigid liposome through a small pore would be relieved by fracture at a lattice imperfection. Liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were retained by the filters to a slightly greater extent than pure egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes; these results are consistent with the known condensing effect of cholesterol on liquid-crystal lipsomes and a shear mechanism occurring with filtration. Liposomes composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and either dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid or dicetyl phosphate were filtered at 22°C; they showed a filtration characteristic similar to liquid-crystal liposomes. Inclusion of the water-soluble dyes eosin Y or Evans blue in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes resulted in filtration at 22°C which was similar to that observed for liquid-crystal liposomes. The dyes, sodium fluorescein, 6-carboxyfluorescein and fluoresceinisothiocyanate dextran, did not alter 22°C liposome filtration.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 40 - N° 1 - p. 3-4
Effects of the Intracoronary Infusion of Cocaine on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Humans

Background—In dogs, a large amount of intravenous cocaine causes a profound deterioration of left ventricular (LV) systolic function and an increase in LV end-diastolic pressure. This study was done to assess the influence of a high intracoronary cocaine concentration on LV systolic and diastolic function in humans. Methods and Results—In 20 patients (14 men and 6 women aged 39 to 72 years) referred for cardiac catheterization for the evaluation of chest pain, we measured heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, LV pressure and its first derivative (dP/dt), and LV volumes and ejection fraction before and during the final 2 to 3 minutes of a 15-minute intracoronary infusion of saline (n=10, control subjects) or cocaine hydrochloride 1 mg/min (n=10). No variable changed with saline. With cocaine, the drug concentration in blood obtained from the coronary sinus was 3.0±0.4 (mean±SD) mg/L, similar in magnitude to the blood cocaine concentration reported in abusers dying of cocaine intoxication. Cocaine induced...
Phospholipid metabolism following fertilization in sea urchin eggs and embryos.

Phospholipid metabolism during early development was examined in the sea urchins Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus. Transport of 3H-choline was stimulated fivefold following fertilization in both species. However, the actual percent incorporation of labeled precursors into phospholipids from the TCA soluble pool did not change at fertilization. There was a slight increase in transport of 14C-ethanolamine at fertilization but again there was no change in its percent incorporation into phospholipids. When eggs were preloaded with 3H-choline or 14C-ethanolamine and fertilized, the eggs or embryos showed similar patterns of incorporation into phospholipids. There was no significant change in the percent phosphorylation of choline in fertilized or unfertilized eggs. An investigation was made of the activity of choline kinase, the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This enzyme was found to have similar activities in fertilized and unfertilized eggs using a variety of homogenization media. The activity of choline kinase was found to decrease slightly in activity at fertilization and reach a maximum activity by gastrula. These results indicate that there is no activation of phospholipid synthesis at fertilization of sea urchin eggs. Apparent increased incorporation actually reflects increased transport of precursors and not de novo synthesis.
Novel analytic criteria and effective plate designs for quality control in genome-scale RNAi screens.

One of the most fundamental challenges in genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screens is to glean biological significance from mounds of data, which relies on the development and adoption of appropriate analytic methods and designs for quality control (QC) and hit selection. Currently, a Z-factor-based QC criterion is widely used to evaluate data quality. However, this criterion cannot take into account the fact that different positive controls may have different effect sizes and leads to inconsistent QC results in experiments with 2 or more positive controls with different effect sizes. In this study, based on a recently proposed parameter, strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD), novel QC criteria are constructed for evaluating data quality in genome-wide RNAi screens. Two good features of these novel criteria are: (1) SSMD has both clear original and probability meanings for evaluating the differentiation between positive and negative controls and hence the SSMD-based QC criteria have a solid prob...
A comprehensive review of the PARTNER trial

Objective Percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement was introduced in 2002, but its effectiveness remained to be assessed. Methods A prospective, randomized trial (the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves, or PARTNER) was designed with 2 arms: PARTNER A (n = 699) for high-risk surgical patients (Society of Thoracic Surgeons score >10%, surgeon assessed risk of mortality >15%) and PARTNER B (n = 358, patients inoperable by assessment of 2 surgeons). PARTNER A patients were divided into femoral artery access transcatheter aortic valve replacement or none (n = 207), and then randomized to open aortic valve replacement (n = 351) or device (n = 348). Inclusion criteria included valve area 2 , gradient >40 mm Hg or peak >64 mm Hg, and survival >1 year. The end point of the study was 1-year mortality. Results Thirty-day mortality for PARTNER A was 3.4% for transcatheter aortic valve replacement and 6.5% for aortic valve replacement; 1-year mortality was 24.2% and 26.8%, respectively ( P = .001 for noninferiority). The respective prevalence of stroke was 3.8% and 2.1% ( P = .2), although for all neurologic events, the difference between transcatheter aortic valve replacement and aortic valve replacement was significant ( P = .04), including 4.6% for femoral artery access transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus 1.4% for open aortic valve replacement ( P = .05). For PARTNER B—transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus medical treatment—30-day mortality was 5.0% versus 2.8% ( P = .41), and at 1 year, mortality was 30.7% versus 50.7% ( P P Conclusions The PARTNER A and B trials showed that survival has been remarkably good, but stroke and perivalvular leakage require further device development.
Panel: What does the power industry need from the EDA industry and what is the EDA industry doing about it?

Until recently the electrical power industry has relied solely on traditional technologies — copper and iron as cables, transformers and machines as the mainstream solution for the generation, transmission and distribution of power. Whilst use of these materials and technologies is here to stay, improvements in power semiconductor technology mean that the industry is moving into a position where more and faster control of power systems can be achieved. This high level control requires a sensing and communication infrastructure to be put in place across the network. At the same time, the use of electricity in the home, through the potential of real time consumer pricing requires new technologies. This panel session aims to pull together heavy current electrical power engineers and light current electronic engineers to form a discussion and debate about the future role of EDA in applications which are being brought about by changes in the functioning of the power industry. Power engineers from both industry and academia will stimulate the discussion with requirements both from a system perspective and consumer perspective. The representatives from the EDA side will respond with what contributions they believe EDA can make, what already exists or is a simple development problem and what research issues remain in achieving these goals. In summary, this panel aims to provide motivation for the EDA industry to work on useful technology that can be applied to heavy power systems with a view to improving global energy efficiency.
Total synthesis of (-)-kopsinine and ent -(+)-kopsinine.

The total synthesis of (-)-kopsinine and its unnatural enantiomer is detailed, enlisting a late-stage SmI2-mediated transannular free radical conjugate addition reaction for construction of the core bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system with strategic C21-C2 bond formation. Key to the approach is assemblage of the underlying skeleton by an intramolecular [4+2]/[3+2] cycloaddition cascade of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole that provided the precursor C21 functionalized pentacyclic ring system 1 in a single step in which the C3 methyl ester found in the natural product served as a key 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituent, activating it for participation in the initiating Diels-Alder reaction and stabilizing the intermediate 1,3-dipole.
Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Forest Landowner Typologies

Landowner typologies help researchers and practitioners understand similarities and differences among landowners, allowing more targeted education and communications. These typologies have rarely been rigorously assessed before recommended for use. We assessed three typologies created with one data set using three methods: reliability through split halves, predictive validity using external variables, and application of quality typology criteria. We conducted the work using a New York State landowner survey data set about early successional habitat management behavior. According to the assessment, none of the three typologies stood out as clearly the best—each had its strengths and weaknesses. The assessment provided a more complete understanding of different approaches and will allow researchers to be more informed when they select a typology to use to inform education and communications.
Rapid thermal processed thin films of reactively sputtered Ta2O5

Abstract Rapid thermal processed thin films of reactively sputtered tantalum pentoxide Ta2O5 thin films have been deposited on silicon and platinum coated silicon substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited films were amorphous and showed good electrical properties in terms of a dielectric permittivity of about 24 and leakage current density of 9 × 10−8A cm−2. A rapid thermal annealing process at temperatures above 700 °C crystallized the films, increased the dielectric relative permittivity, and decreased the leakage current. The dielectric constant for a film rapidly annealed at 850 °C increased to 45 and its leakage current density lowered to 2 × 10−8A cm−2. The dielectric measurements in the MIS configuration showed that Ta2O5 might be used as a dielectric material instead of SiO2 or Si3N4 for integrated devices. The current voltage characteristics observed at low and high fields suggested different conduction mechanisms.
Quantitative analysis of amino acids and peptides in the femtomolar range

Abstract A simple and highly sensitive method for quantitative amino acid and peptide analysis is described. It makes use of the reaction with [ 3 H] dansyl chloride chromatography on polyamide plates, autoradiography at low temperature, and densitometry. This method was used for the quantitative analysis of the amino acids in a complete enzymic hydrolyzate of the synthetic hexapeptide H-Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala-OH. The limit of sensitivity for amino acids and small peptides is about 25 × 10 −15 mole with errors between 2 and 14% depending on the amino acid. Supported by USPH grants HL-05435 and CA-15056-01.
A PROGRESSIVE QUADRATIC FAILURE CRITERION FOR A LAMINATE

The application of failure criteria to laminated composites is a critical step in the determination of the strength and safety of a point in a structure under combined loading conditions. Non-homogeneous stresses within a structure may induce a complicated failure scenario whereby one ply at a point can initiate failure and affect other plies at the same point or the same ply at a neighboring point. After the first-ply failure, the stiffness of the ply is reduced by either matrix or fiber failures. The strength of the laminate at the same point is evaluated again to see if the laminate can carry an additional load. This ply-by-ply analysis progresses until the ultimate strength of the laminate is reached. The process can be extended to structures subjected to non-homogeneous stresses where both ply-by-ply and point-to-point strength analyses are progressively applied.
Transition Times to Oral Feeding in Premature Infants With and Without Apnea

Objective To determine whether a significant relationship exists between the presence of apnea and the number of days it takes a premature infant to attain full oral feeding. Design A two-way analysis of variance factorial design (apnea × aminophylline) was used with infants grouped according to presence or absence of apnea and whether they were receiving aminophylline. Setting Neonatal intensive-care and step-down nurseries of a level III teaching hospital. Patients/Participants Eligibility criteria for this study included gestational age of 28–34 weeks, less than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation, and absence of congenital anomalies. Infants were classified into one of four groups: Group 1 (NN) consisted of infants who had no recorded apnea and were not receiving aminophylline ( n = 27); group 2 (AA) consisted of infants receiving aminophylline who continued to experience apnea during the transition time to oral feeding, ( n = 20); group 3 (NA) consisted of infants receiving aminophylline who did not experience apnea during the transition time to oral feeding ( n = 12); and group 4 (AN) were infants who experienced some apnea but never received aminophylline ( n = 6). All 65 enrolled subjects completed the study. Procedures Review of medical records and daily nursing notes to record apnea instances and oral feeding status for each 24-hour period. Main outcome measures: The number of days between the first attempted oral feeding and full oral feeding was recorded, as well as number of apnea instances occurring during the transition time. Results An analysis of variance procedure showed that groups who did not experience apnea had a significantly ( F [1, 61] = 10.19, p R = .42, p R 2 of .18 ( p Conclusion Apnea appears to be a factor that influences the length of time it takes a premature infant to begin receiving full oral feedings.
Photolysis of benzyltriphenylphosphonium and tetraphenylphosphonium chlorides

Abstract : It is confirmed that the UV photolysis of tetra-aryl phosphonium salts leads to the reversible formation of phosphoranyl radicals. This suggests the occurrence of one-electron transfer processes involving reduction of phosphonium cations.
Molecular mapping of Stb1, a potentially durable gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat.

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici), was the most destructive disease of wheat in Indiana and adjacent states before deployment of the resistance gene Stb1 during the early 1970s. Since then, Stb1 has provided durable protection against STB in widely grown wheat cultivars. However, its chromosomal location and allelic relationships to most other STB genes are not known, so the molecular mapping of Stb1 is of great interest. Genetic analyses and molecular mapping were performed for two mapping populations. A total of 148 F1 plants (mapping population I) were derived from a three-way cross between the resistant line P881072-75-1 and the susceptible lines P881072-75-2 and Monon, and 106 F6 recombinant-inbred lines (mapping population II) were developed from a cross between the resistant line 72626E2-12-9-1 and the susceptible cultivar Arthur. Bulked-segregant analysis with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers was conducted to identify those that were putatively linked to the Stb1 gene. Segregation analyses confirmed that a single dominant gene controls the resistance to M. graminicola in each mapping population. Two RAPD markers, G71200 and H19520, were tightly linked to Stb1 in wheat line P881072-75-1 at distances of less than 0.68 cM and 1.4 cM, respectively. In mapping population II, the most closely linked marker was SSR Xbarc74, which was 2.8 cM proximal to Stb1 on chromosome 5BL. Microsatellite loci Xgwm335 and Xgwm213 also were proximal to Stb1 at distances of 7.4 cM and 8.3 cM, respectively. The flanking AFLP marker, EcoRI-AGC/MseI-CTA-1, was 8.4 cM distal to Stb1. The two RAPD markers, G71200 and H19520, and AFLP EcoRI-AGC/MseI-CTA-1, were cloned and sequenced for conversion into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Only RAPD allele H19520 could be converted successfully, and none of the SCAR markers was diagnostic for the Stb1 locus. Analysis of SSR and the original RAPD primers on several 5BL deletion stocks positioned the Stb1 locus in the region delineated by chromosome breakpoints at fraction lengths 0.59 and 0.75. The molecular markers tightly linked to Stb1 could be useful for marker-assisted selection and for pyramiding of Stb1 with other genes for resistance to M. graminicola in wheat.
The yield of energy transfer and the spectral distribution of excitation energy in the photochemical apparatus of flashed bean leaves

Abstract The distribution of excitation energy in the photochemical apparatus of photosynthesis was examined with dark-grown bean leaves which had been partially greened by a series of brief xenon flashes. The yield of energy transfer from Photosystem II to Photosystem I was estimated by a method devised recently for spinach chloroplasts. Using that method, which involves a comparison of fluorescence excitation spectra with the absorption spectrum of the flashed leaves at −196 °C, the yield of energy transfer in the flashed leaves was found to be about twice the yield values obtained with chloroplasts. On further greening in continuous light, during which time the light-harvesting chlorophyll a / b protein accumulates, the yield of energy transfer decreases approaching the lower values found previously for spinach chloroplasts. The initial distribution of absorbed quanta between Photosystems I and II was also determined for the flashed leaves as a function of the wavelength of excitation. In contrast to spinach chloroplasts or to mature green leaves where that distribution is almost constant independent of wavelength at wavelengths shorter than 675 nm, the distribution of energy in the flashed leaves showed considerable variation with wavelength. The rate of photooxidation of P -700 at −196 °C was measured at two wavelengths, 645 and 670 nm, at which the initial distribution of energy between the photosystems is appreciably different. A comparison of the rates of photooxidation of P -700 with the relative intensities of Photosystem I fluorescence excited by these two wavelengths confirmed that energy was transferred from Photosystem II to Photosystem I and that the transferred energy stimulated both the photooxidation of P -700 and Photosystem I fluorescence at −196 °C.
Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on human lymphocyte maturation

Abstract The effect of TCDD on lymphocyte activation and proliferation in response to either endogenously produced or exogenously added cellular growth factor(s) was investigated. TCDD effectively reduced proliferation of either freshly prepared or activated T-cells when stimulated with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M) and/or recombinant human IL-2 (rIL-2) respectively. Similarly, both freshly activated or preactivated human B-cells with antihuman IgM demonstrated a reduced response to partially purified B-cell growth factor (BCGF) in the presence of TCDD. Also, the synthesis of IL-2 by PHA-M activated T-cells or IgM by PWM stimulated B-cells (in the presence of syngeneic T-cells) was decreased by TCDD. The observed effects of TCDD were concentration dependent and support the conclusion that the xenobiotic is an immunosuppressive agent.
Geochemistry of a naturally occurring massive marine gas hydrate

During Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 84 a core 1 m long and 6 cm in diameter of massive gas hydrate was unexpectedly recovered at Site 570 in upper slope sediment of the Middle America Trench offshore of Guatemala. This core contained only 5–7% sediment, the remainder being the solid hydrate composed of gas and water. Samples of the gas hydrate were decomposed under controlled conditions in a closed container maintained at 4°C. Gas pressure increased and asymptotically approached the equilibrium decomposition pressure for an ideal methane hydrate, CH4.5-3/4H2O, of 3930 kPa and approached to this pressure after each time gas was released, until the gas hydrate was completely decomposed. The gas evolved during hydrate decomposition was 99.4% methane, ∼0.2% ethane, and ∼0.4% CO2. Hydrocarbons from propane to heptane were also present, but in concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. The carbon-isotopic composition of methane was −41 to −44 permil((000), relative to PDB standard. The observed volumetric methane/water ratio was 64 or 67, which indicates that before it was stored and analyzed, the gas hydrate probably had lost methane. The sample material used in the experiments was likely a mixture of methane hydrate and water ice. Formation of this massive gas hydrate probably involved the following processes: (i) upward migration of gas and its accumulation in a zone where conditions favored the growth of gas hydrates, (ii) continued, unusually rapid biological generation of methane, and (iii) release of gas from water solution as pressure decreased due to sea level lowering and tectonic uplift.
THE ROLE OF SHEEP STROMA IN HUMAN HAEMOPOIESIS IN THE HUMAN/SHEEP CHIMAERAS

We have previously reported on the successful engraftment and long-term expression of human HSC (haemopoietic stem cells) in sheep following transplantation into pre-immune fetuses. The mechanism(s) underlying the support/maintenance of human haemopoiesis in sheep is not understood. In these studies we examined the ability of sheep stroma to support human haemopoiesis in vitro and compared this with support provided by human stroma. We found that. overall, human stroma was significantly more effective than sheep stroma in supporting human haemopoiesis in vitro. Nevertheless, stroma established from bone marrow of normal sheep was capable of lower-level support of the proliferation and multilineage differentiation of highly purified (CD34 + , CD38 - ) preparations of human HSC in vitro. At lower concentrations, sheep stroma conditioned media (CM) induced human bone marrow mononuclear cells enriched for the CD34-positive fraction to enter the cell cycle at levels comparable to that of human stroma CM. However, unlike human CM, at higher concentrations, sheep CM inhibited human cells from initiating the cell cycle. These results provide a possible explanation for the long-term maintenance of low levels of human haemopoietic cell activity in human/sheep chimaeras.
A transcriptional chain linking eye specification to terminal determination of cone cells in the Drosophila eye

Lozenge (Lz) is a multifunctional transcription factor that is activated in a pool of pluripotent cells at the beginning of a wave of morphogenesis during Drosophila eye development. Lozenge belongs to the Runx class of transcription factors that includes the mammalian proteins AML1, Runx 2, and Runx 3. These proteins allow a tissue-specific precursor population of cells to attain multiple terminally differentiated fates. We investigated the transcriptional control of lz to determine the mechanism by which precursor populations achieve their identity. We have identified a 251-bp region in the second intron of the lz gene that functions as a minimal eye-specific enhancer. We provide evidence that Sine oculis and Glass are the two major activators of Lz expression during eye development. This work establishes a bridge between early eye specification genes and late cell-specific transcription factors required for terminal determination of cone cells in the eye.
A modification to the linpack downdating algorithm

Alinpack downdating algorithm is being modified by interleaving its two different phases, the forward solving a triangular system and the backward sweep of Givens rotations, to yield a new forward method for finding the Cholesky decomposition ofR T R −zz T . By showing that the new algorithm saves forty percent purely redundant operations of the original, better stability properties are expected. In addition, various other downdating algorithms are rederived and analyzed under a uniform framework.
A locally parameterized continuation process

The design of a package of continuation procedures called PITCON to handle the following tasks is described' (1) follow numerically any a priori specified curve on an equilibrium manifold; (2) on such a curve determine the exact location of target points where a given variable has a specified value; and (3) on such a curve identify and compute exactly the (simple) limit points where stability may be lost. The process is based on the local parametenzatmn wh]ch uses an estimate of the curvature to control the chome of parameter varmble. Categorms and Subject Descriptors. G 1.5 [Numerical Analysis]Roots of Nonlinear Equations-tteratwe methods, systems of equattons General Terms" Algorithms, Design Addltmnal
Multiple orthogonal polynomials and a counterexample to the Gaudin Bethe Ansatz Conjecture

Jacobi polynomials are polynomials whose zeros form the unique solution of the Bethe Ansatz equation associated with two irreducible modules. We study sequences of polynomials whose zeros form the unique solution of the Bethe Ansatz equation associated with two highest weight irreducible modules, with the restriction that the highest weight of one of the modules is a multiple of the first fundamental weight. We describe the recursion which can be used to compute these polynomials. Moreover, we show that the first polynomial in the sequence coincides with the Jacobi-Pineiro multiple orthogonal polynomial and others are given by Wronskian-type determinants of Jacobi-Pineiro polynomials. As a byproduct we describe a counterexample to the Bethe Ansatz Conjecture for the Gaudin model.
The Generic and Registerial Features of Facebook Apology Messages Written by Americans and Jordanians

This paper aims at investigating the generic and registerial features of Arabic and English apology messages written on Facebook by Jordanian and American university students. The data collected by means of distributing a simulated written paragraph to the participants via Facebook consist of one hundred Arabic and English messages (fifty Arabic and fifty English). The results demonstrate that Arabic and English apology messages written on Facebook share the same communicative purposes, but differ with respect to the number of moves and the lexical and stylistic choices employed by both the Jordanian and American students. The findings of this study have been attributed to the universality of expressing apology, diglossia of Arabic, and to a variation in the subjects’ linguistic and sociocultural backgrounds and perceptions.
Network and Mutual Support for Parents Bereaved Following the Violent Deaths of Their 12- to 28-Year Old Children: A Longitudinal, Prospective Analysis.

Abstract Social support provided by bereaved parents' networks was examined in this study. Seven dimensions of support were assessed over time. Of special interest to the investigators were the types and frequency of posttreatment contacts among bereaved parents who participated in an experimental support program. The study compared those who reported high versus low social support and high versus low numbers of network confidants on selected outcome and coping variables. The authors recruited a community-based sample of 171 bereaved mothers and 90 bereaved fathers whose 12- to 28-year-old children had died by accident, suicide, or homicide 4 months previously. Parents were randomly assigned to a 12-week bereavement program or control group. It was expected that intervention group parents would report more social network in involvement and greater satisfaction with support received than control group parents. This hypothesis was only partially supported. Only 20% of the parents who participated in the ber...
Experimental tests of the Leader—Environment—Follower interaction theory of leadership

Abstract This paper presents and experimentally tests a macro theory of leadership. The Leader—Environment—Follower Interaction theory contends that the effective leader is one who analyzes the deficiencies in the follower's ability, motivation, role perception, and work environment which inhibit performance, and then takes action to eliminate those deficiencies. Nine hypotheses derived from the theory are tested in two laboratory experiments using a paper “moon tent” construction task. ANOVA tests are used to analyze the effects of the independent variables and their interaction effects on performance. The hypotheses of the study are supported. Several significant interaction effects are obtained.
The Timing of the First Pelvic Exam

Mariya is 17 and presents for an office visit requesting birth control. She represents a majority of teens in that she began having sexual intercourse before requesting birth control. Most young women (79%) wait a month or more after their first intercourse to see a health care provider with the median wait being 22 months after first intercourse. She and her boyfriend have used condoms--sometimes--and a recent late period rather frightened both of them. He is her first sexual partner. Until recently there would have been no question that Mariya would have a pelvic exam which included a Pap test and STD screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia before being prescribed birth control; however a better understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and abnormal cervical cytology has resulted in different recommendations. The American Cancer Society (ACS) now recommends that cervical cancer screening begin approximately 3 years after the onset of vaginal intercourse and no later than age 21 years. These new guidelines are the results of a consensus of a national panel of experts who reviewed evidence and concluded that there is little risk of missing an important cervical lesion within three to five years of exposure to HPV. (excerpt)
REFRESHING THE COMPUTER LITERACY COURSE: COMPUTING FOR THE GENERAL EDUCATION STUDENT

DOI: 10.14684/intertech.13.2014.45-49 Computer literacy classes for non-computing majors are received with less than enthusiastic regard by many students. Viewed as simply another general education requirement toward graduation, these classes do not command the attention we would like from students forming the next generation of professionals and policy makers. Previous work featured a series of demonstrations and experiences specifically designed to engage students with both computing principles and possibilities. These included topics ranging from programming and theory to artificial intelligence including demonstrations of robotics, haptic human-computer interaction, medical imaging, evolutionary computing, and art. This work expands the previous course to include demonstrations and activities designed to gain insight into contemporary topics such as 3D printing, natural-language processing, affective computing, encryption, data sonification, and brain-computer interfacing. Taken together, we believe that these updated experiences provide broad insight into computing that can serve the non-computing students in their future work. Index Terms - Computers in Society, Computer Literacy, General Education, Technology Education.
The State Of Health Services In China And India: A Larger Context

In this paper the problems of health services in China and India are related to some structural features of the two economies. Some similarities and differences exist across these two countries in terms of political economy, with differential results. Both countries have experienced remarkable economic growth during the past quarter-century, but this has not always translated into improvements in health for the poor. Although China used to have an egalitarian basic public health service, the system has become quite inegalitarian during the past quarter-century, with the disintegration of the communes and adoption of fee-based services under a system of decentralized public finance. India’s health system has remained inegalitarian throughout.
Preparation and characterization of mixed thin films containing spiropyrans and long chain alkyl silanes: towards a command surface for liquid crystal realignment

Abstract Spiropyran derivatives containing variable–length linking chains and either tri- or mono-alkoxysilane end groups were synthesized. Thin films on glass slides were formed with mixture of the spiropyran compounds and either octadecyltrimethoxysilane or octadecyldimethylmethoxysilane. The photochemistry of the spiropyran in the films was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Irradiation forms the merocyanine, which is detected by absorption spectroscopy. The rate of the thermal reversion of the merocyanine to the spiropyran was studied and found to show no dependence on chain length and resemble that found in solid polymers, not solution. Sessile drop contact angle measurements show a decrease from 70±3 to 63±2° for films prepared from 4, and a drop from 50 to 46±2 degrees for films prepared from 6 upon irradiation with UV light. Evaluation of this system as a surface to control the realignment of the nematic liquid crystal in a nematic liquid crystal proved unsuccessful, though the surface energy of the system can be changed solely by irradiation with light.
Cognitive modeling of socially transmitted affordances: a computational model of behavioral adoption tested against archival data from the Stanford Prison Experiment

Social learning and adoption of new affordances govern the rise of new a variety of behaviors, from actions as mundane as dance steps to those as dangerous as new ways to make improvised explosive device (IED) detonators. Traditional diffusion models and social network structures fail to adequately explain who would be likely to imitate new behavior and why some agents adopt the behavior while others do not. To address this gap, a cognitive model was designed that represents well-known socio-cognitive factors of attention, social influence, and motivation that influence learning and adoption of new behavior. This model was implemented in the Performance Moderator Function Server (PMFServ) agent-based cognitive architecture, enabling the creation of simulations where affordances spread memetically through cognitive mechanisms. This approach models facets of behavioral adoption that have not been explored by existing architectures: unintentional learning, multi-layered social and environmental attention cues, and contextual adoption. To examine the effectiveness of this model, its performance was tested against data from the Stanford Prison Experiment collected from the Archives of the History of American Psychology.
Behavioral effects of aminoadamantane class NMDA receptor antagonists on schedule-induced alcohol and self-administration of water in mice

Rationale Aminoadamantanes represent a class of NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists that reduce alcohol consumption and may prevent alcohol-induced neuronal adaptations and side effects.
Light-cone gauge Schwinger model

Nakawaki's Coulomb gauge solution to the Schwinger model is transformed to light-cone gauge. Various options for maintaining the gauge invariance necessary to satisfy the equations of motion are discussed. Satisfactory light-cone gauge solutions are found and are used to study light-cone quantization, the calculation of the dynamical operators and properties of the vacua in the light-cone representation. The solutions found here can be used to justify previous light-cone Tamm-Dancoff calculations performed by others.
Ultimate resolution in the electron microscope

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are closely intertwined subjects that are attracting ever-increasing attention, both in the scientific world and in the marketplace. Major developments in growth and synthesis methods mean that atoms can nowadays be manipulated in a controlled fashion to produce novel properties that are often not found in bulk materials. Techniques for locating and identifying atomic configurations within nanostructures become even more essential in the relentless drive towards realizing optimal physical behavior. In this regard, the electron microscope, with its intrinsic capacity for atomic-scale imaging and chemical analysis, has become an indispensable tool in the arsenal of the materials scientist interested in nanostructured materials. This article provides an overview of progress made towards achieving theoretical resolution limits in the electron microscope and discusses further factors that could affect the ultimate resolution attainable.
Batch Injection Analysis Using Fiber-Optic Fluorometric Detection

Fluorometric detection of analytes using batch injection analysis (BIA) has been investigated. BIA involves the injection of microliter samples toward a nearby detector which is immersed in a large-volume, nonflowing, blank solution. The characteristics and advantages of employing fiber-optic fluorometric detection for BIA are described. Similar to analogous flow injection measurements, batch injection fluorometric analysis offers high speed, reproducibility and simplicity, while eliminating the need for pumps, valves, and associated tubings. With injection rates at 120-500 samples/h, there is no observable carryover, and the precision is typically 2-3% (RSD).
A decision support system for parking space assignment

This paper describes a network-based decision support system for a general form of assigning parking spaces. It is an integrated optimization system that generates the model, optimizes it, and produces reports. The problem is modeled as a pure assignment network, which minimizes the preference values. The preference values are penalty costs, which are a function of walking distance, cost and priority. The methodology presented here can be applied to a variety of assignment situations where there are competing objectives. Since the approach is based on a network algorithm, it is capable of solving very large systems in an efficient way. A description of how the model was used to assign parking spaces for Dunhill Apartments in Bloomington, Indiana is provided. The proposed system can be used for any multi-building and multi-lot situation.
Aurora and the hunt for cancer-modifying genes

Quantitative modifiers of neoplastic pathways are greatly treasured but difficult to identify at the molecular level. An apparent success has now identified a centrosomal protein kinase that affects many cancer histotypes.
Desensitization of 5HT2 receptors by protein kinase C activation in distal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in culture.

Objective: Although acute and chronic roles of microvascular smooth muscle cells as effectors of pulmonary vascular resistance and remodeling are well appreciated, relatively little is known regarding the direct effects of neurohumoral agents on these cells. We recently reported that microvascular smooth muscle cells isolated from distal rat lung (RPC) express mRNA and binding sites for 5HT2 receptors. The objective of the current study was to determine if protein kinase C (PKC) affected 5HT-induced changes in intracellular calcium and phosphoinositide metabolism in RPC. Methods: 5HT-induced changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in single RPC were determined microspectrofluorometrically using the calcium-sensitive dye, Fura-2. Results: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA: 100 nM) caused a rapid desensitization of 5HT-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. Staurosporine, a putative PKC inhibitor, abolished the PMA-induced desensitization. Downregulation of PKC with prolonged (24 hr) PMA exposure also abolished subsequent PMA-induced desensitization of 5HT response. Neither short- nor long-term exposure of RPC to PMA affected binding of [125I]LSD. Activation of PKC by PMA was associated, however, with complete inhibition of 5HT-induced increases in intracellular inositol monophosphate. Conclusions: These data are consistent with PKC causing desensitization of 5HT2 receptors by affecting elements of signal transduction and uncoupling receptor-G protein complex from phospholipase C in RPC.