cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Murine Endometrial and Decidual NK1.1+ Natural Killer Cells Display a B220+CD11c+ Cell Surface Phenotype

Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells accumulate at the maternal-fetal interface during gestation and are thought to have an important role during pregnancy in both mice and humans. While the cell surface phenotype of human uNK cells is increasingly well defined, less is known regarding the cell surface expression profile of murine uNK cells both before and during gestation. Herein, we demonstrate that murine NK1.1(+) (KLRB1C) endometrial NK (eNK) cells, derived from virgin mice, and NK1.1(+) decidual NK (dNK) cells, obtained from pregnant mice, belong to the B220(+) (PTPRC) CD11c(+) (ITGAX) subset of NK cells. While B220 expression was low on NK1.1(+) eNK cells, it was increased on a subset of NK1.1(+) dNK cells at Embryonic Day 10.5. Endometrial NK and dNK cells also differed somewhat in their expression patterns of two activation markers, namely, CD69 and inducible costimulator (ICOS). The eNK cells acquired a B220(hi)ICOS(+) dNK cell surface phenotype when cultured in vitro in the presence of uterine cells and murine interleukin 15. Thus, the cell surface profiles generated for both NK1.1(+) eNK cells and dNK cells demonstrate that they belong to the recently described B220(+)CD11c(+) subset of NK cells, which are potent cytokine producers.
High‐energy ion implantation of polymers: Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The effect of high-energy ion implantation of oxygen into a thin film of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mylar samples 13 μm thick were implanted with 6-MeV oxygen ions at fluences ranging from 5 × 1012 to 2 × 1014 ions/cm2. The DSC data showed a substantial loss of crystallinity, even at the lowest fluence, which extended deeper into the polymer film than the predicted range for oxygen deceleration in PET. Solubility measurements indicated the presence of cross-linking, especially at the highest fluence, but bands due to cross-linking could not be detected in the infrared. The trans/gauche ratio for the glycol group conformation was measured by a pair of conformationally sensitive infrared bands. Surprisingly, the conformation of the glycol segments did not change appreciably with increasing fluence, although crystallinity decreased and degree of cross-linking increased. The implications these results have on possible mechanisms of chemical and physical alterations of the polymer structure by ion implantation are discussed.
A simple optical sensor for chromium(VI) based on a cationic ion exchange film coupled with attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy

A new optical sensor for Cr(VI) in environmental water samples has been developed. The device is based on uptake of Cr(VI) as at acidic pH into a quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (QPVP) film followed by direct optical detection using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy in a thin-layer flow cell. Cr(VI) uptake is demonstrated to be reversible such that the film can be regenerated for multiple uses over extended periods of time. The sensor was investigated over a pH range of 3–7 and gave a linear response over a Cr(VI) concentration range of 5 µM to 1 mM at pH 4. Analysis of potential interferences demonstrates that the sensor provides excellent discrimination against cationic species, including Cr(III). We also demonstrate a prototype ‘field ready’ version of the sensor utilizing a 410-nm light-emitting diode source, fixed angles, and prismless construction that is used in conjunction with a rugged miniature spectrometer.
Optimal periodic control: The &#960; test revisited

The paper examines second-order conditions for both steady-state and dynamic optimality in a periodic control problem. It centers on the π condition of Bittanti, Fronza, and Guardabassi [2] and has three main objectives: 1) to form a π "test" for a somewhat more general problem than considered in [2]; 2) to point out that certain auxiliary conditions must be added if the results of [2] are to be valid; and 3) to explore more fully the relationships between second-order conditions for steady-state optimality and second-order conditions for optimality in the dynamic problem.
Altered Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Is Associated with Morphological Abnormalities in the Penis of the BB/WOR Diabetic Rat

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common and debilitating pathological development that affects up to 75% of diabetic males. Neural stimulation is a crucial aspect of the normal erection process. Nerve injury causes ED and disrupts signaling of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) cascade in the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa. Shh and targets of its signaling establish normal corpora cavernosal morphology during postnatal differentiation of the penis and regulate homeostasis in the adult. Interruption of the Shh cascade in the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa results in extensive changes in corpora cavernosal morphology that lead to ED. Our hypothesis is that the neuropathy observed in diabetics causes morphological changes in the corpora cavernosa of the penis that result in ED. Disruption of the Shh cascade may be involved in this process. We tested this hypothesis by examining morphological changes in the penis, altered gene and protein expression, apoptosis, and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in the BB/WOR rat model of diabetes. Extensive smooth muscle and endothelial degradation was observed in the corpora cavernosa of diabetic penes. This degradation accompanied profound ED, significantly decreased Shh protein in the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa, and increased penile Shh RNA expression in the intact penis (nerves, corpora, and urethra). Localization and expression of Shh targets were also disrupted in the corpora cavernosa. Increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate Shh signaling may provide valuable insight into improving treatment options for diabetic impotence.
The ironic hero of Virginia Tech: Healing trauma through mythical narrative and collective memory

In times of great trauma, news can offer healing, consolation and inspiration. This study applied textual analysis of news items and opinion pieces about the April 2007 shootings at Virginia Tech to explore how collective memory and mythical narratives become part of the healing process that news media offer to society. Many of the items studied involved an ironic hero who survived the Holocaust only to die at Virginia Tech, with frequent references to collective memory of school shootings and the Holocaust, along with narratives based on the hero myth. The ironic hero became the perfect story character to fuse both narrative tools to bring a stronger positive message of healing.
What variables predict for metastasis in men with biochemical relapse following radiotherapy for prostate cancer

What variables predict for metastasis in men with biochemical relapse following radiotherapy for prostate cancer?
Severe anaemia: implications for functional recovery during rehabilitation.

Purpose : This case report examines the hospital course and functional recovery of a geriatric patient with severe anaemia undergoing rehabilitation following total hip replacement. It serves to highlight the need for further study of the impact of anaemia on recovery in the rehabilitation setting as well as the importance of developing clinical guidelines for the appropriate medical management of anaemia in this patient population. Method : Single case report. Results : The course of recovery during rehabilitation in a geriatric patient with sever post-operative anaemia was notably different from other geriatric patients undergoing rehabilitation following total hip replacement. The patient demonstrated a markedly reduced tolerance for therapies and prolonged length of stay, but did not experience cardiopulmonary complications during intensive rehabilitation. Her hematocrit responded nicely to treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin. Despite a prolonged recovery period, the patient ultimately pro...
A CMOS Spectrum Sensor Based on Quasi-Cyclostationary Feature Detection for Cognitive Radios

Sensitivity and sensing time are the key features for spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio (CR) which detects empty bands within VHF/UHF television broadcast bands and uses them as a secondary user. In this paper, an integrated CMOS CR spectrum sensor for a CR receiver in the 54–862 MHz band is presented. A quasi-cyclostationary feature (QCF) detector is proposed based on both energy and feature detection methods and can take advantage of both methods to reach a fast and accurate decision without the need for an analog-to-digital converter for decision making. The integrated chip has been fabricated in a standard $0.18{\mathchar"702D}\mu\hbox {m}$ CMOS IBM technology and has achieved minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio of as low as $-24~\hbox {dB}$ and dynamic range (DR) of 39 dB.
Distinct and interactive contributions of physical abuse, socioeconomic disadvantage, and negative life events to children's social, cognitive, and affective adjustment

Past research highlights the importance of considering the sequelae of physical abuse in the context of other risk factors and possible exacerbating circumstances. The present research examines the relative, unique, and interactive effects of physical abuse, sociocultural disadvantage, and cumulative negative life events. Multiple measures and data sources were used to assess the socioeconomic circumstances, exposure to recent negative events, and social, cognitive, and affective adjustment of 19 physically abused and 49 nonabused elementary school-age children. Results indicated that abuse strongly independently predicted problems in children's adjustment with peers, self-perceptions, and depression. Abuse was also related to increased behavioral problems at home and at school, though this relation abated and even reversed itself as social disadvantage increased. Cumulative negative events independently predicted negative self-perceptions and, for girls, increased depression. Socioeconomic hardship was independently related to children's cognitive maturity. In addition, socioeconomic disadvantage qualified the relation between negative events and children's adjustment to peers, such that increased negative events were related to lower peer adjustment among less disadvantaged children but increased peer adjustment of children with more disadvantage. These results support calls for a more contextualized approach to examining the developmental outcomes of physical abuse, one that considers multiple risk factors simultaneously.
Determining the effects and challenges of incorporating genetic testing into primary care management of hypertensive patients with African ancestry

People of African ancestry (Blacks) have increased risk of kidney failure due to numerous socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical factors. Two variants in the APOL1 gene are now thought to account for much of the racial disparity associated with hypertensive kidney failure in Blacks. However, this knowledge has not been translated into clinical care to help improve patient outcomes and address disparities. GUARDD is a randomized trial to evaluate the effects and challenges of incorporating genetic risk information into primary care. Hypertensive, non-diabetic, adults with self-reported African ancestry, without kidney dysfunction, are recruited from diverse clinical settings and randomized to undergo APOL1 genetic testing at baseline (intervention) or at one year (waitlist control). Providers are educated about genomics and APOL1. Guided by a genetic counselor, trained staff return APOL1 results to patients and provide low-literacy educational materials. Real-time clinical decision support tools alert clinicians of their patients' APOL1 results and associated risk status at the point of care. Our academic-community-clinical partnership designed a study to generate information about the impact of genetic risk information on patient care (blood pressure and renal surveillance) and on patient and provider knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. GUARDD will help establish the effective implementation of APOL1 risk-informed management of hypertensive patients at high risk of CKD, and will provide a robust framework for future endeavors to implement genomic medicine in diverse clinical practices. It will also add to the important dialog about factors that contribute to and may help eliminate racial disparities in kidney disease.
Leave It to the Lower Courts: On Judicial Intervention in Election Administration

This essay addresses the proper scope of judicial intervention in the field of election administration. It argues that the Supreme Court would generally do best to leave issues of election administration to the lower courts, at least in the short term. The essay begins by surveying the doctrinal and institutional changes resulting from Florida's 2000 election controversy, including the two leading equal protection theories that Bush v. Gore spawned. It then looks to the lower courts, assessing their handling of cases involving voting technology and voter identification. The essay concludes that the lower courts, especially district courts, have generally done a good job of handling this litigation. On the other hand, in the one significant post-2000 case where the Supreme Court intervened, Purcell v. Gonzalez, it issued an opinion which betrays its failure carefully to think through the appropriate role of federal judiciary in election administration and threatens to distort equal protection doctrine. As Purcell illustrates, several features of election administration litigation call for particular restraint on the part of the Court: (1) the factual complexity of these cases, (2) the weighty democratic values asserted on both sides, (3) the unusual procedural context in which these cases tend to arise, which often necessitate expedited consideration, and (4) the heated political atmosphere in which these controversies tend to arise. These considerations suggest that the Court would do best to allow a thorough percolation of election administration issues in the lower court rather than interventing as it did in Purcell. Such intervention threatens to undermine the Court's institutional credibility, particularly when it comes to hot-button issues like voter identification that have a pronounced partisan valence.
Transitional care clinics: An innovative approach to reducing readmissions, optimizing outcomes and improving the patient’s experience of discharge care-conducting a feasibility study

Rehospitalization, which is defined as a return to the hospital for the same or related care within 30 days, is often avoidable and adds significant costs to health care spending. A growing body of evidence indicates that when patients move from one health care setting to another, a period known as the care transition, timely access to follow–up care is one of the keys to avoiding unplanned readmissions. Of late, transitional care clinics (TCCs), sometimes referred to as post-discharge clinics, have emerged as an innovative approach to readmission reduction. TCCs bridge the care gap between hospital discharge and post-acute care follow-up by providing access to care for patients with fragmented care or at high risk for readmission. These clinics are typically hospital-based and nurse practitioner-led which makes sense in terms of both cost-containment and quality of care. They provide an alternative to the use of emergency services, improve workflow for referring physicians, and support care navigation back to community providers. TCCs support the discharge plan of care and long-term outcomes by providing an intense focus on patient education, disease and medication self-management, and coordination of care. By providing access to care and improving communication across the continuum of care, TCCs can improve the quality of the care transition and reduce avoidable readmissions. A feasibility analysis can help to provide answers and guide project planning. This article describes how to conduct such a feasibility analysis of establishing a TCC as well as the organizational, financial and market factors impacting the feasibility of establishing such a clinic.
Diogenes syndrome — an Irish series

Objective: Diogenes syndrome or the senile squalor syndrome is characterised by gross self neglect, domestic squalor and social withdrawal. Two series of such patients have been described in Britain. This paper examines the frequency and characteristics of the syndrome in an Irish urban population and discusses the management issues involved. Method: Detailed demographic, social, medical and psychiatric data was collected on all patients fulfilling the criteria for Diogenes syndrome who were referred to the North Dublin Old Age Psychiatry Service over a two year period 1989-1990. Results: Twenty nine cases (5% of all referrals) were identified giving an incidence rate of 0.5% per annum. Most were single or widowed (83%), and living alone (72%). 79% were known to the public health nurse and 59% had at least one medical problem. The commonest reason for referral was self-neglect. Thirteen suffered from senile dementia, three had schizophrenia, three were alcohol dependent and 10 had no psychiatric diagnosis. Subsequently, 12 patients remained at home, 12 moved into residential care and five died. Conclusion: The patients in this Irish series resemble those in the two British series. Management issues emphasised are the need to consider each patient as an individual and to balance risk with the right to self-determination. The role of care teams for the elderly in overall management is discussed.
Intentionality and the Myths of the Given

Carl Sachs’s book is a constructive contribution to recent conversation among philosophers influenced by Wilfrid Sellars and those who take up the existential phenomenologies of Martin Heidegger or...
Self-reported Mobility in Older Patients Predicts Early Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Noncardiac Surgery

Background Specific geriatric assessment tools may complement traditional perioperative risk stratification. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether self-reported mobility is predictive of postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. Methods Patients aged 69 yr or older (n = 197) underwent (1) traditional risk assessments (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and Revised Cardiac Risk Index), (2) five-point frailty evaluation, (3) self-reported mobility assessment using the Mobility Assessment Tool-short form (range, 30.21 [poor] to 69.76 [excellent]), and (4) measurements of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Outcomes were postoperative complications, time to discharge, and nursing home placement (NHP). Results In the sample of this study (mean age, 75 ± 5 yr; 51% women), 72% had intermediate- or high-risk surgery. Median time to discharge was 3 days (interquartile range, 1 to 4 days). Thirty patients (15%) developed postoperative complications, and 27 (13%) required NHP. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index, pain score, Revised Cardiac Risk Index, American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status, surgical risk, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, worse self-reported mobility (per 10-point decrease in Mobility Assessment Tool, which is equivalent to 1 SD) was associated with more postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.73), later time to discharge (hazards ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96), and increased NHP (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.56). By using the same model, intermediate frailty or frailty increased NHP (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 9.54) but was not related to either postoperative complications or time to discharge. Conclusions Preoperative self-reported mobility using a novel and brief assessment may help identify elderly patients at risk for adverse postoperative events.
Universal Design as a Human Factors Approach to Return to Work Interventions for People with a Variety of Diagnoses

For individuals with specific diagnoses, workplace accommodations serve as cost-effective return to work and stay at work interventions that compensate for unsupportive work environments and improve task performance. Whereas accommodation strategies are varied, they are typically intended to enable an employee to perform the essential job tasks. Thus, while accommodations are effective at supporting activity independence for employees with specific diagnoses, they do little to address the needs of employees with a variety of diagnoses or the social aspects of work, including participation in social roles (e.g., role in a work team) and interpersonal relationships (e.g., ties with coworkers) that are necessary to achieve a sense of belonging and well-being. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the return to work stakeholders, including employers and rehabilitation professionals, with a more holistic way of thinking about work interventions that will benefit employees with a variety of disabling diagnoses at the time they return to work as well as over their working lives. More specifically, this chapter will introduce human factors and universal design as intervention processes and products that will result in more usable and inclusive work environments for all employees, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.
Motion Estimation for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Single Camera for UAVs/Robots

This work focuses on efficient and effective vision systems for object detection for ground & aerial robots venturing into unknown environments, with minimum possible vision aids onboard, i.e. a single camera. The existing approaches to solve such a problem include ‘Structures From Motion’, Optical Flows and ‘Flow Field Divergence’, etc. These approaches have been analyzed here for various constraints involved, and the Motion Estimation technique has been proposed to solve for obstacle detection problem for collision avoidance, using a single camera. This technique not only overcomes various constraints of other approaches, but also retains most of their merits. Its implementation on synthetically generated images as well as on some real videos from a UAV, has been proved successful to solve this problem. However, while implementing the technique on UAVs in actual flight, quite a few undesirable motion vectors have been encountered. An analysis of such implementation issues has been presented next, along with proposed solutions. After adequately addressing such issues, the application of this approach is being attempted on any of Georgia Tech’s aerial robotic platforms.
Fiber-Bragg-grating sensor systems

Fiber-Bragg gratings (FBGs) are proving to be suitable for providing the basis of a range of new fiber devices for use in both the fiber communications and sensing areas.1 In the communications field, current attention is directed in particular on the development of grating-based WDM devices and dispersion compensators, whereas in sensing, grating-based sensors are being developed for multipoint structural-strain monitoring systems and other embedded sensor applications. In such sensing applications, the inherently wavelength-encoded output of Bragg gratings has a number of distinct advantages over other sensing schemes. One of the most important of these is that because the sensed information is encoded directly into wavelength, which is an absolute parameter, the output does not depend directly on the total light levels, losses in the connecting fibers and couplers, or source power. Consequently, the sensor can easily be operated intermittently without the need for recalibration or reinitialization of the system. The wavelength-encoded nature of the output also facilitates WDM by assigning each sensor to a different slice of the available source spectrum. Additionally, TDM can be used to augment the WDM to improve the multipoint sensing capabilities.
A Theoretical Model of the Cognitive Link Between Stress and Performance for Long-Duration Spaceflight

Long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) crews experience significant physiological and psychological demands that can degrade performance and produce stress. Previous models to predict crew reactions to stress illustrate how demands influence performance, but not the underlying cognitive processes governing why combinations of events produce stress. The present paper describes a theoretical model of the relationship between spaceflight stressors, cognitive appraisal processes, and crew performance outcomes for LDSF. The model posits that during 5 stages, crewmembers undergo an appraisal process to first evaluate the threat imposed by the combined environmental stressors (e.g., workload, noise, crowding), and then evaluate their own capacity to manage the threat, resulting in either positive (capacity > threat) or negative (capacity < threat) performance expectations. Expectations then produce positive or negative physiological and psychological effects with direct implications for overall crew performance. This ...
Moral Justification in Context

Traditionally, work in epistemology has been dominated by two general approaches: foundationalism and coherentism. Epistemological contextualism, which has its roots in the writings of pragmatists like Dewey and in the later Wittgenstein, represents an alternative to dominant views, but an alternative that is typically ignored
Research on Route of Innovation Drive Development in Contemporary China

It's becoming the inevitable choice of China to implement innovation drive development strategy.Because of the increasing international competition,the contradiction between economic development and energy consumption of resources is more and more sharp,China's "demographic dividend" era is coming to an end.To implement innovation drive development strategy,China should actively cultivate the atmosphere conducive to innovation culture;increase the investment in education and reform,raise the level of education,improve the labor quality and productivity per worker;vigorously strengthen the independent innovation,and enable enterprises to become the main innovation;accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries,promote economic restructuring and upgrading of traditional industries;play the role of government of regulation and guidance,strengthening the construction of collaborative innovation mechanism of industry-university-research.
A medical decision tree for the prophylaxis (P) and treatment (T) of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS): An international TLS consensus panel.

e17575 Background: We (MC) previously established a definition of laboratory (LTLS) and clinical TLS (CTLS) and associated grading system (Cairo et al, BJH. 2004). Additionally, we recently reported an evidence based review of guidelines for the P and T of TLS (Coiffier et al, J Clin Oncol. 2008). Rasburicase (R), a recombinant urate oxidase, results in a more rapid and total reduction of uric acid (UA) compared to allopurinol (A) in children at high-risk of TLS (Goldman/Cairo et al, Blood. 2001) and a rapid reduction in UA in adults at high-risk of TLS (Coiffier et al, J Clin Oncol. 2003). It still remains to be determined which patients at risk of developing TLS should receive R versus A as initial TLS prophylaxis. Methods: We convened an international panel (N = 17) of experts in pediatric and adult hematological malignancies and solid tumors (ST) to develop a medical decision tree for the P and T of TLS based on the risk classification (low, medium, high) and management recommendations of Coiffier et ...
Amiloride inhibits cytokine production in epithelium infected with respiratory syncytial virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and children. RSV preferentially infects airway epithelium and causes local production of inflammatory cytokines. Ribavirin, the only specific agent available for treatment of RSV infection, has limited effectiveness. There are few data regarding the ability of drugs to modulate the inflammatory response of epithelium infected with RSV. This study evaluated the effect of amiloride and ribavirin on cytokine production by RSV-infected epithelium. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in interleukin (IL)-8 protein release with both amiloride and ribavirin in RSV-infected A549 epithelial cells. Peak effects were observed at concentrations of 200 microM amiloride and 60 microM ribavirin. Both amiloride and ribavirin inhibited IL-8 mRNA induction. Pretreatment with either agent was not required to inhibit IL-8 release. Both drugs also inhibited IL-6 release. However, unlike ribavirin, amiloride did not inhibit viral replication or infection. Amiloride also inhibited IL-8 release from A549 cells stimulated with IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor. Amiloride similarly inhibited IL-8 protein release from primary human airway epithelium infected with RSV. These data demonstrate that both amiloride and ribavirin inhibit cytokine production in RSV-infected airway epithelium. These results suggest amiloride, as well as ribavirin, may be useful as a therapeutic agent in RSV infections.
Regional myofascial pain syndromes.

SUMMARY MPS are regional pain syndromes characterized by a tender trigger point in muscle (sometimes with an accompanying palpable abnormality in consistency) producing pain in a characteristic reference zone. There is abundant evidence supporting MPS as an important cause of regional musculoskeletal pain, and a small but growing body of quantitative clinical and experimental data. The pathogenesis is unknown, but probably involves both a peripheral (muscle) and central (spinal cord) mechanism. Several modes of therapy have been proposed as effective. MPS may be related to fibrositis, but conclusive evidence is lacking.
The agnostoid arthropod Lotagnostus Whitehouse, 1936 (late Cambrian; Furongian) from Avalonian Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada) and its significance for international correlation

New and archival collections from the Chelsey Drive Group of the Avalon terrane of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, yield late Cambrian trilobites and agnostoid arthropods with full convexity that contrast with compacted, often deformed material from shale and slate typical of Avalonian Britain. Four species of the agnostoid Lotagnostus form a stratigraphic succession in the upper Furongian ( Ctenopyge tumida – Parabolina lobata zones). Two species, L. ponepunctus (Matthew, 1901) and L. germanus (Matthew, 1901) are previously named; L. salteri and L. matthewi are new. Lotagnostus trisectus (Salter, 1864), the type species of the genus, is restricted to compacted material from its type area in Malvern, England. Lotagnostus americanus (Billings, 1860) has been proposed as a globally appropriate index for the base of ‘Stage 10’ of the Cambrian. All four species from Avalonian Canada are differentiated clearly from L. americanus in its type area in Laurentian North America (i.e., from debris flow blocks in Taconian Quebec). In our view, putative occurrences of L. americanus from other Cambrian continents record very different species. Lotagnostus americanus cannot be recognized worldwide, and other taxa should be sought to define the base of Stage 10, such as the conodont Eoconodontus notchhpeakensis .
Assuming irrational actors: the Powell amendment

Introduction Riker's first spectacular example is the 1956 school-construction bill in the US House of Representatives. A bill to fund school construction was amended to forbid segregation of white and black students in areas receiving aid. The amended bill failed. Riker offers two versions of this story; Krehbiel and Rivers (1990) a third; my running commentary challenges Riker's interpretations and adds more flesh to the bones of the Krehbiel and Rivers model. The majority that wanted school aid was thwarted by the desegregation amendment, according to Riker. Riker's first version argues alternatively that there was a natural cycle or that there was strategic voting by opponents of school aid that defeated the majority and hence is an instance of harmful manipulation. The second version drops the natural-cycle claim, revises the strategic-voting claim, and presents revised estimates of the distribution of preferences in the chamber. Since strategic voting can be countered by strategic voting the question arises as to why those who favored both school aid and desegregation failed to vote strategically against the desegregation amendment in order to retain school aid. Riker's answer in his second version is that these legislators were constrained by the irrational preferences of their constituents. The same issues came to a vote in 1957, however, and the same legislators who failed to vote strategically against the desegregation amendment in 1956 did vote strategically against the desegregation amendment in 1957, which destroys Riker's second interpretation.
Joint Hilbert-Schmidt Determinantal Moments for the Two-Rebit and Two-Qubit Systems

We report formulas for the joint moments of the determinantal products (det ) k (det PT ) (k = 0; 1; 2;:::;N; = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4) of Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) probability distributions over the two-rebit and ( = 0; 1) two-qubit density matrices . Here PT denotes the partial transposition operation of quantum-information-theoretic importance. Each formula is the product of the expression for the moments of (det ) k , k = 0; 1; 2;:::;N{already known from work of Cappellini, Sommers and _ Zyczkowski (Phys. Rev. A 74, 062322 (1996)){and an adjustment factor. The factor is a biproper rational function, with its numerators and denominators both being 3 -degree polynomials in k. We infer the structure that the denominators follow for arbitrary . We hope to employ this extensive collection of moments to well reconstruct the associated HS probabilities (for which we present plots) over the two determinants, and to ascertain{at least to high accuracy{the associated (separability) probabilities of "philosophical, practical and physical" interest that (det PT ) > 0.
The Dark Side of Socially Mediated Rewards: How Narcissism and Social Status Affect Managerial Reporting

We use two experiments to examine the effects of relative performance information (RPI) on self-reported performance achieved by employees who exhibit varying degrees of narcissism. In experiment one, we find that high narcissists not only inflate self-reported performance more than low narcissists but also exert more costly effort to achieve higher performance. In experiment two, we find that while high narcissists tend to misreport more than low narcissists, this finding is conditioned on the importance the employee places on the task. Specifically, we find that high narcissists misreport less than low narcissists on tasks they view as less important. Experiment two also shows that RPI salience has a similar effect on both high and low narcissists with respect to misreporting. Our results contribute to a growing literature on management control by showing that RPI does not affect all employees equally, and to research on “toxic employees’ by showing that not all qualities linked to narcissism are harmful to the firm.
The Grand Unified Theory of Economics

In this paper, we introduce the Grand Unified Theory of Economics. The search for a Grand Unified Theory is the Holy Grail of a number of fields. The search for a Grand Unified Theory of Physics still continues. In this paper, we establish a unified theory of economics that unifies Marxist perspectives with mainstream economics. This paper presents what is effectively a whole new theory of economics. It establishes beyond a reasonable doubt that markets have significant weaknesses, and that Artificial Intelligence Information Systems are likely to contribute to massive unemployment in the near future. Towards this, it also exposes a fatal flaw in the capitalistic system governing the United States and the Western World today in that governments are not planning sufficiently towards this possibility. We juxtapose this economic theory with theory of organizations to show how organizations in an economy are now likely to behave. Further, we have discovered a truly ungappable hole in the Libertarian theories of economics, and believe that we have proven that Libertarianism is no longer a viable political philosophy. By unifying Marxism with mainstream economics, by disproving Libertarianism, and by pointing to the future of employment markets globally, we believe that we have achieved much with this paper. We believe that this paper is the first paper that can be said to present a Grand Unified Theory of Economics.
What does the U.S. Medicare administrative claims database tell us about initial antiepileptic drug treatment for older adults with new-onset epilepsy?

SummaryObjective Disparities in epilepsy treatment are not uncommon; therefore, we examined population-based estimates of initial antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in new-onset epilepsy among racial/ethnic minority groups of older US Medicare beneficiaries. Methods We conducted retrospective analyses of 2008–2010 Medicare administrative claims for a 5% random sample of beneficiaries augmented for minority representation. New-onset epilepsy cases in 2009 had ≥1 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) 345.x or ≥2 ICD-9 780.3x, and ≥1 AED, AND no seizure/epilepsy claim codes or AEDs in preceding 365 days. We examined AED use and concordance with Quality Indicators of Epilepsy Treatment (QUIET) 6 (monotherapy as initial treatment = ≥30 day first prescription with no other concomitant AEDs), and prompt AED treatment (first AED within 30 days of diagnosis). Logistic regression examined likelihood of prompt treatment by demographic (race/ethnicity, gender, age), clinical (number of comorbid conditions, neurology care, index event occurring in the emergency room (ER)), and economic (Part D coverage phase, eligibility for Part D Low Income Subsidy [LIS], and ZIP code level poverty) factors. Results Over 1 year of follow-up, 79.6% of 3,706 new epilepsy cases had one AED only (77.89% of whites vs. 89% of American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN]). Levetiracetam was the most commonly prescribed AED (45.5%: from 24.6% AI/AN to 55.0% whites). The second most common was phenytoin (30.6%: from 18.8% Asians to 43.1% AI/AN). QUIET 6 concordance was 94.7% (93.9% for whites to 97.3% of AI/AN). Only 50% received prompt AED therapy (49.6% whites to 53.9% AI/AN). Race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with AED patterns, monotherapy use, or prompt treatment. Significance Monotherapy is common across all racial/ethnic groups of older adults with new-onset epilepsy, older AEDs are commonly prescribed, and treatment is frequently delayed. Further studies on reasons for treatment delays are warranted. Interventions should be developed and tested to develop paradigms that lead to better care.
Bringing Work Home: Gender and Parenting Correlates of Work-Family Guilt among Parents of Toddlers

Anecdotal evidence abounds suggesting that as compared to fathers, mothers report greater guilt regarding the negative impact of work on family (WIF-guilt), yet shockingly few quantitative studies have evaluated gender differences or correlates of WIF-guilt. In five studies, we provide an in-depth exploration of parents’ feelings of guilt regarding perceived negative impacts on their children that arise from addressing work over familial responsibilities. We accomplish the following: (1) examine the validity of a novel self-report questionnaire of WIF-guilt (Work-Interfering-With-Family Guilt Scale [WIFGS]), (2) assess gender differences in WIF-guilt in parents of young children (ages 1–3), as well as whether these differences are moderated by WIF-conflict and work demand (number of hours worked), and (3) examine whether higher WIF-guilt predicts more permissive parenting. WIFGS scores were predictably associated with related psychological constructs. Mothers reported significantly higher levels of WIF-guilt than fathers. These effects were enhanced among mothers with high WIF-conflict and a high number of working hours. Consistent with anecdotal accounts and theory, WIF-guilt was associated with higher parenting permissiveness. Results provide directions for additional research on parents’ emotional experiences.
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University multispectral sensor and data fusion laboratory: a model for distributed research and education

The miniaturization of unmanned systems and spacecraft, as well as computing and sensor technologies, has opened new opportunities in the areas of remote sensing and multi-sensor data fusion for a variety of applications. Remote sensing and data fusion historically have been the purview of large government organizations, such as the Department of Defense (DoD), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) due to the high cost and complexity of developing, fielding, and operating such systems. However, miniaturized computers with high capacity processing capabilities, small and affordable sensors, and emerging, commercially available platforms such as UAS and CubeSats to carry such sensors, have allowed for a vast range of novel applications. In order to leverage these developments, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) has developed an advanced sensor and data fusion laboratory to research component capabilities and their employment on a wide-range of autonomous, robotic, and transportation systems. This lab is unique in several ways, for example, it provides a traditional campus laboratory for students and faculty to model and test sensors in a range of scenarios, process multi-sensor data sets (both simulated and experimental), and analyze results. Moreover, such allows for “virtual” modeling, testing, and teaching capability reaching beyond the physical confines of the facility for use among ERAU Worldwide students and faculty located around the globe. Although other institutions such as Georgia Institute of Technology, Lockheed Martin, University of Dayton, and University of Central Florida have optical sensor laboratories, the ERAU virtual concept is the first such lab to expand to multispectral sensors and data fusion, while focusing on the data collection and data products and not on the manufacturing aspect. Further, the initiative is a unique effort among Embry-Riddle faculty to develop multi-disciplinary, cross-campus research to facilitate faculty- and student-driven research. Specifically, the ERAU Worldwide Campus, with locations across the globe and delivering curricula online, will be leveraged to provide novel approaches to remote sensor experimentation and simulation. The purpose of this paper and presentation is to present this new laboratory, research, education, and collaboration process.
Neoliberal Policies and Human Trafficking for Labor: Free Markets, Unfree Workers?:

While the economic benefits of neoliberalism are widely noted, its impact upon human security is contentious, particularly in the area of equity and economic rights. In this article, we examine the impact of free-market policies upon a particularly egregious abuse of human and labor rights, trafficking in forced and child labor. Drawing from relevant scholarship on market liberalization and human trafficking, we posit that policies that promote market deregulation, reduced state size, and global economic openness are positively related to trafficking of child and forced labor. To test these claims, we combine data on three main facets of pro-market policies—a “business-friendly” regulatory environment, reduced state size, and policies favoring global economic openness—with data on human trafficking for forced and child labor. We find that economic liberalization in general significantly increases the likelihood of human trafficking for labor purposes. Our results further suggest that among the three facet...
History, Anatomy, Subfossil Record and Management of Daubentonia Madagascariensis

Although discovered by Pierre Sonnerat in 1780 the scientific study of the aye aye has been relatively sporadic, especially during the first half of this century. In the 70 years previous to a series of quite recent importations and studies little research in the field or in captivity was conducted, with the exception of the research and field work of Petter et al. (1977).
Translations and Halfturns

The methods of this chapter are from analytic geometry. To emphasize the use of numbers, we often call this approach coordinate geometry. In either case, we start with the translations as they are important and so easily studied by these methods. Later, we shall not hesitate to use the older synthetic methods from the geometry of Euclid when they are most convenient. Then, as we progress, we shall be using more and more group-algebraic methods. At times it may even be hard to say whether a particular part is essentially synthetic, analytic, or algebraic, but this will be completely unimportant.
Principles of Primate Group Organization

No single statement about social organization can be made which will apply to all of the taxa “within the order Primates. Whereas many general statements apply to most primates, we must always consider the exceptions. Not only will no single formula describe the organization of all primate societies, but we must remember that many of the prosimians and perhaps some of the New World primates live essentially solitary lives. Even were we to restrict ourselves to Old World monkeys and apes, the wealth of variety in organizations precludes simplistic notions of unitary tendencies. A quick examination of the variety of organizations should discourage us from seeking one or two single universal social mechanisms to account for primate social behavior; and yet the literature is replete with arguments concerning the identification of the principle basis of primate sociality. Sexual attraction, dominance, predator protection and other mechanisms have all had their advocates and some have enjoyed temporary vogue as the dogma of the day. Is it not possible that all of these mechanisms are operable and that their differential contribution may vary from one taxon to another?
Assessment of Evidence-Based Health and Safety Policies on Sudden Death and Concussion Management in Secondary School Athletics: A Benchmark Study

Context: Implementation of best-practice health and safety policies has been shown to be effective at reducing the risk of sudden death in sport; however, little is known about the extent to which...
GLIS Rearrangement is a Genomic Hallmark of Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor of the Thyroid Gland

Background: Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare thyroid neoplasm with a characteristic trabecular growth pattern and hyalinization. This lesion has been the subject of long-term controvers...
A Study on Feminism of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion

Feminism in Pygmalion George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion has been a play that gained academic discussions in various perspectives. Nevertheless, its feminist view has been the most discussed throughout the years. The purpose of this paper is to support the modern lost females with some suggestions through analyzing feminism in Pygmalion and excavating its practical significance. There are some brief introductions concerning feminism, the view on feminism of George Bernard Shaw and his work Pygmalion. The paper intends to explore the feminism in Pygmalion, analyzes the heroine Eliza and links them with practice. Furthermore, nowadays although females’ condition has been improved greatly, there still are some females who are lost. It is proved that, today, feminism is also beneficial for females to remain themselves rather than get lost.
A review of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in infants: From common to concerning

Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in infants present in a variety of patterns. These skin eruptions can be dramatic, causing alarm in parents and medical personnel. Many of these syndromes have overlapping features, which adds to the confusion and uncertainty regarding diagnosis and management. This review discusses the spectrum of hypersensitivity responses with a focus on their presentation in infants. The clinical findings, pathophysiology, histopathology, management, and complications of these conditions will be reviewed.