cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental silicate mineral/melt partition coefficients for beryllium and the crustal Be cycle from migmatite to pegmatite

Partition coefficients (DBemineral/melt) for beryllium between hydrous granitic melt and alkali feldspars, plagioclase feldspars, quartz, dark mica, and white mica were determined by experiment at 200 MPa H2O as a function of temperature (650–900°C), activity of Be in melt (trace levels to beryl saturation), bulk composition, and thermal run direction. At trace levels, Be is compatible in plagioclase of An31 (1.84 at 700°C) and muscovite (1.35 at 700°C) but incompatible in biotite (0.39–0.54 from 650–800°C), alkali feldspar (0.38–0.19 from 680–850°C), quartz (0.24 at 800°C), and albite (0.10 at 750°C). The partition coefficients are different at saturation of the melt in beryl: lower in the case of plagioclase of An31 (0.89 at 700°C), muscovite (0.87 at 700°C), biotite (0.18–0.08 from 675–800°C), alkali feldspar (0.18–0.14 from 680–700°C), and quartz (0.17–0.08 from 750–800°C), but higher in the case of albite (0.37 at 750°C). With other data sources, these new partition coefficients were utilized to track, first, the distribution of Be between aluminous quartzofeldspathic source rocks and their anatectic melts, and second, the dispersion or concentration of Be in melt through igneous crystal fractionation of different magma types (e.g., S-type, I-type) up to beryl-saturated granitic pegmatites and, finally, into their hydrothermal aureoles. Among the rock-forming minerals, cordierite, calcic oligoclase, and muscovite (in this order) control the fate of Be because of the compatibility of Be in these phases. In general, beryl-bearing pegmatites can arise only after extended crystal fractionation of large magma batches (to F, fraction of melt remaining, ≤0.05); granitic magmas that originate from cordierite-bearing protoliths or that contain large modal quantities of calcic oligoclase will not achieve beryl saturation at any point in their evolution.
Double-stranded RNA is present in extracts of tobacco plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus

Serologically specific electron microscopy was used to detect double-stranded RNA in extracts of tobacco infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Assays were made immediately after extraction, without purification, concentration, or treatment with phenol or detergent. This indicates that the double-stranded RNA is native and is not an artifact induced by purification methods.
Natural catalytic immunity is not restricted to autoantigenic substrates

The autoimmune repertoire is well known from previous studies to be capable of producing catalytic antibodies directed to self-antigens. In the present study, we explored the ability of 26 monoclonal light chains (Lchains) from multiple myeloma patients to cleave radiolabeled gp 120, a foreign protein. One L chain with this activity was identified. 125I-gp120 and unlabeled gp 120 were cleaved at several sites by the L chain, as shown by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, and immunoblotting, respectively. The apparent dissociation constant of the L chain was 130–145 nM, indicating high-affinity gp 120 recognition. 125I-albumin was not cleaved by the L chain, and various proteins and peptides did not inhibit gp 120 cleavage by the L chain, suggesting that the activity is not a nonspecific phenomenon. The substrate recognition determinants may be conserved in different HIV-1 strains, because gp 120 isolated from strains SF2, MN, and IIIB was found to be cleaved by the L chain. Micromolar concentrations of a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 23–30 of gp 120 inhibited the cleavage of 125I-gp 120, suggesting that these residues are components of the epitope recognized by the L chain. The toxic effect of gp120 in neuronal cultures was reduced by about 100-fold by pretreatment of the protein with the L chain. These observations open the possibility of utilizing gp120-cleaving antibodies in the treatment of AIDS.
Anomalous Interference Films on Glass by Chemical Treatment

Experimental evidence is given for the formation of films of abnormally high reflecting power, produced by chemical action on glasses of low refractive index. These films are produced by the attack of modified fluosilicic acid under controlled conditions. The results are shown to be due to the formation of double layer films of lower refractive index than the glass and can be accounted for by the unique chemical action.
Recurrence rates at minimum five-year follow-up: laparoscopic versus open sigmoid resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis.

The aim of the study was to compare the impact of surgical access to sigmoid resection on recurrence rates in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis of the sigmoid (UDS) at a minimum follow- up of five years. Recurrence after surgery was defined as left lower quadrant pain, fever and leucocytosis with consistent CT and enema findings on admission and at 6 weeks, respectively. Outcome measures included splenic flexure mobilization, specimen length, inflammation at proximal resection margin and presence of teniae coli at distal resection margin. Seventy-nine patients undergoing laparoscopic sigmoid resection (LSR) were compared with 79 matched controls with open sigmoid resection (OSR) operated on at two institutions during the same period. Patients were well matched for age, gender, body mass index, ASA grading and symptoms duration, but not for follow-up length (81.9 vs. 86.9 months, p = 0.046). The rate of splenic flexure mobilization (19 vs. 41, p 0.001), specimen length (16.1 vs. 18.3 cm, p = 0.048), presence of inflammation at proximal resection margin (21 vs. 4, p 0.001), and presence of teniae coli at distal resection margin (4 vs. 53, p 0.001). Three LSR patients and 7 OSR patients had one recurrence (p = 0.19). There were no significant differences in rates of flexure mobilization, specimen length, and rates of inflammation present at proximal resection margin in 10 recurring and 145 non-recurring patients. The rate of teniae coli present at distal resection margin was significantly increased in recurring patients (7 vs. 43, p = 0.03). Surgical access to sigmoid resection for UDS is unlikely to have an impact on recurrence rates provided that the oral bowel end is anastomosed to the proximal rectum rather than to the distal sigmoid.
Determining Protein Content of Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts

Abstract Dye binding of protein is a suitable, rapid, and relatively inexpensive method for the determination of protein in ice cream and frozen desserts. The presence of proteins with reduced amounts of basic amino acids will depress protein percentage slightly as measured by dye binding. Proteins with higher percentages of basic amino acids tend to increase apparent protein content. At this time, only noncolored ice cream is recommended for protein testing by dye binding because of the influence of coloring matter on test results. The effect of food coloring was studied with model systems of milk and 2% food color solutions. With amido black, dye binding values (protein percentages) were depressed increasingly by yellow to red to green to blue dyes. With orange G dye, the effect on protein results was decreased from yellow to green to blue to red. Also, protein percentages decreased with increased concentration of food color. Overall, results with amido black dye binding procedure were less affected than protein readings with orange G. Colored dairy products can be tested accurately for protein by dye binding if the nature and concentration of the added food color are known. A factor then must be determined to enable conversion from dye binding value to protein content.
Tracheal and bronchial injury in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional positive pressure ventilation

We compared airway histopathologic findings in premature baboons given standard positive pressure ventilation with those seen after high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Six animals received standard frequency conventional ventilation for a mean of 9.2 days; seven received high-frequency oscillatory ventilation at 10 Hz using a piston oscillator for a mean of 10.2 days; five baboons served as controls, and were killed immediately after birth. A semiquantitative histopathologic scoring system was used to grade tissue changes in the trachea, carina, and both mainstem bronchi. Compared with the nonventilated control animals, injury was produced with both forms of mechanical ventilation (P
Applying the Liu-Agresti Estimator of the Cumulative Common Odds Ratio to DIF Detection in Polytomous Items

Liu and Agresti (1996) proposed a Mantel and Haenszel-type (1959) estimator of a common odds ratio for several 2 × J tables, where the J columns are ordinal levels of a response variable. This article applies the Liu-Agresti estimator to the case of assessing differential item functioning (DIF) in items having an ordinal response variable. A simulation study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of the Liu-Agresti estimator in relation to other statistical DIF detection procedures. The results of the simulation study indicate that the Liu-Agresti estimator is a viable alternative to other DIF detection statistics.
Late Miocene through early Pliocene deep water circulation and climate change viewed from the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic

Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records for the past 11 Myr from a recently drilled site in the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic (site 1088, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 177, 41‡S, 15‡E, 2082 m water depth) provide, for the first time, a continuous long-term perspective on deep water distribution patterns and Southern Ocean climate change from the late Miocene through the early Pliocene. I have compiled published late Miocene through Pliocene stable isotope records to place the new South Atlantic record in a global framework. Carbon isotope gradients between the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Pacific indicate that a nutrient-depleted watermass, probably of North Atlantic origin, reached the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic after 6.6 Ma. By 6.0 Ma the relative proportion of the northernprovenance watermass was similar to today and by the early Pliocene it had increased to greater than the modern proportion suggesting that thermohaline overturn in the Atlantic was relatively strong prior to the early Pliocene interval of inferred climatic warmth. Site 1088 oxygen isotope values display a two-step increase between V7.4 Ma and 6.9 Ma, a trend that parallels a published N 18 O record of a site on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. This is perhaps best explained by a gradual cooling of watermasses that were sinking in the Southern Ocean. I speculate that relatively strong thermohaline overturn at rates comparable to the present day interglacial interval during the latest Miocene may have provided the initial conditions for early Pliocene climatic warmth. The impact of an emerging Central American Seaway on Atlantic^Pacific Ocean upper water exchange may have been felt in the North Atlantic beginning in the latest Miocene between 6.6 and 6.0 Ma, which would be V1.5 Myr earlier than previously thought. 9 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Coxiella type IV secretion and cellular microbiology

Coxiella burnetii is a widespread zoonotic bacterial pathogen that causes human Q fever. In vivo, Coxiella displays a tropism for mononuclear phagocytes where it participates in biogenesis of a lysosome-like replication compartment to conduct its obligate intracellular lifestyle. Coxiella actively regulates multiple events during infection, presumably via proteins with effector functions that are delivered to the host cytosol by a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Because the organism is currently refractory to genetic manipulation, Coxiella Dot/Icm substrates have been identified using bioinformatics and Legionella pneumophila as a surrogate type IV delivery system. Functional characterization of the biological activity of these effector proteins will dramatically aid our ability to model Coxiella-host cell interactions.
Structure of shock fronts in lonized gases

Abstract A method is given for the solution of the kinetic equations for the structure of a shock wave in an ionized gas. In an approximation of order ν, the kinetic equations are replaced by a set of (ν − 4) equations for moments of the velocity distributions. The procedure is based on a representation of the distribution functions as sums of “modified Maxwell-functions”.
Physical mapping of potassium channel gene clusters on mouse chromosomes three and six.

Abstract Mammalian voltage-gated K channel genes have been divided into four subfamilies (Shaker, Shab, Shal, and Shaw) based on their sequence identity and similarity to related genes inDrosophila.Genetic mapping of the voltage-gated K channel genes has shown that similar multigene clusters exist on mouse Chr 3 and 6 and suggests that the clusters may have arisen through chromosomal duplication. In this report, YAC-based physical maps of the clustered mouse Shaker-like K channel genes have been constructed using restriction endonuclease and yeast chromosome fragmentation approaches. These data define the physical spacing as 5′–Kcna3–(60 kb)–Kcna2–(90 kb)–Kcna8– 3′ on Chr 3, and as 5′–Kcna6–(80 kb)–Kcna1–(110 kb)–Kcna5–3′ on Chr 6, with all genes oriented in a head-to-tail manner within their respective clusters. These detailed physical maps of both K channel gene clusters provide additional support for the idea of an ancient genome tetraploidization event.
Functional Improvement after Spinal Surgery for the Dysraphic Malformations

Spinal surgery for the various dysraphic malformations is generally indicated to arrest disease progression. The results of the present study suggest that certain clinical conditions and presentations are associated with an exceptionally good surgical prognosis. Sixty-nine procedures were done in 55 patients. The diagnoses included hydromyelia and tethered cord related to diastematomyelia, lipoma, lipomeningocele, previous operation, and thickened filum terminale. The operative results were evaluated for significant functional neurological and urological improvement, as well as for the relief of pain. Pain relief was achieved in 92% of patients with preoperative pain. Significant functional return was seen in 67% of hydromyelia patients. On the other hand, surgical treatment of tethered cord caused improvement in 24% (lipoma) to 46% (thickened filum and diastematomyelia). These results suggest that patients with hydromyelia and patients with a dysraphic malformation and pain have an excellent prognosis after operation. A re-evaluation of the indications for surgery for these patients may be necessary.
HMM classifier using biophysically based CMOS dendrites for wordspotting

We explore the co-relations between Neural systems, CMOS transistors and Hidden Markov Models(HMM). We have built a computational model, implementing an HMM classifier that was built using biophysically based CMOS dendrites for wordspotting. The system was implemented on a reconfigurable analog platform. The system thus realized, was found to have high computational efficiency. We discuss the implications of such a computational model. We will also discuss how analog systems can effectively model biological systems, considering benefits both in terms of cost and power dissipation.
A constructive method for the stabilization of the wave equation with localized Kelvin–Voigt damping

Abstract We consider the wave equation with Kelvin–Voigt damping in a bounded domain. The damping is localized in a suitable open subset of the domain under consideration. The exponential stability result proposed by Liu and Rao for that system assumes that the damping is localized in a neighborhood of the whole boundary, and the damping coefficient is continuously differentiable with a bounded Laplacian. We propose a new solution to the exponential stability problem based on the introduction of a new variable, and a constructive frequency domain approach. The main features of our method are: (i) the damping region need not be a neighborhood of the whole boundary; (ii) the damping coefficient is assumed to be bounded measurable with bounded measurable gradient only; (iii) the introduction of a new variable. These features enable us to improve on the damping coefficient smoothness and more especially on the feedback control region. Further, when combined with a recent result of Borichev and Tomilov on the polynomial decay of bounded semigroups, the new method enables us to prove a polynomial decay estimate of the energy when the damping coefficient is bounded measurable only.
22 Decreased Neurotrophin Expression in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Human Lung Tissue.

Top of pageAbstract Background: Neurotrophins [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)] are growth factors that function as mediators for the development, survival and differentiation of neurons and other types of cells. During normal tissue morphogenesis, neurogenesis and myogenesis proceed as tightly linked processes. In the condition, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), there is failure of the diaphragm muscle to develop with consequent pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The probability that impaired neurogenesis, or coordination of neuro and myogenesis, underlies the disrupted development of the diaphragm muscle in CDH, needs to be explored. Objectives: To determine the expression of neurotrophic factors (NGF, NT-3 and BDNF) in neonatal lung disease; specifically congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and chronic lung disease (CLD) vs. normal lung tissue. Methods: Immunohistochemical studies for neurotrophin proteins (specific antibody staining using polyclonal rabbit anti-human NGF, BDNF and NT-3) were applied to human neonatal lung tissue samples. The samples included a control group of 18 samples ranging from 23wk EGA to term, a CDH group of 15 samples, a PPHN group of 6 samples and a CLD group of 12 samples. The tissue samples were studied and 4 representative slide fields of aveoli/saccules and 4 of bronchioles were recorded from each sample. These slide fields were then graded (from 0-3) by several blinded observers for intensity of staining. Results: BDNF, NGF and NT-3 immunostaining intensity scores were significantly less in the CDH lung tissue samples (n 15) compared to normal neonatal lung tissue (n 18) (p<0.001). Similarly, PPHN lung tissue (n 6) scored less than normal lung tissue, although not statistically significant; likely due to few samples studied. Chronic lung disease tissue (n 12) did not appear to differ in their neurotrophic staining intensity compared to normal neonatal lung tissue. Conclusion: Neurotrophin expression is decreased in CDH lungs. The decreased expression of neurotrophins in CDH lung tissue suggests they contribute to the abnormality in this condition. Further studies are needed to explore the role of deficient neurotrophin expression in the development of CDH.
Optically active dendrimers with a binaphthyl core and phenylene dendrons: light harvesting and enantioselective fluorescent sensing.

Optically active dendrimers containing a 1,1‘-binaphthyl core and cross-conjugated phenylene dendrons were synthesized and characterized. The chiral optical properties of these phenylene-based dendrimers are different from the previously reported phenyleneethynylene-based dendrimers probably because of the increased steric interaction between the adjacent phenylene units. UV and fluorescence spectroscopic studies demonstrate that the energy harvested by the periphery of the dendrimers can be efficiently transferred to the more conjugated core, generating much enhanced fluorescence signal at higher generation. The fluorescence of these dendrimers can be quenched both efficiently and enantioselectively by chiral amino alcohols. The energy migration and light-harvesting effects of the dendrimers make the higher generation dendrimer more sensitive to fluorescent quenchers than the lower ones. Thus, the dendritic structure provides a signal amplification mechanism. These materials are potentially useful in the...
A YAC-based binning strategy facilitating the rapid assembly of cosmid contigs: 1.6 Mb of overlapping cosmids in Xp22

We have applied a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-based cosmid isolation and binning strategy to convert a YAC contig in Xp22 into 1.6 Mb of overlapping cosmids. This strategy is based on the screening of a high-density arrayed X chromosome-specific cosmid library with large YAC-derived restriction fragments and entire YAC probes. Cosmids selected in this way were gridded on dot blots and further mapped into bins defined by the overlap intervals of the YACs and YAC fragments. This rapid binning of cosmids simplified the subsequent assembly of cosmid contigs by restriction fingerprint hybridization. In total, we identified 139 cosmids spanning the entire 1.6 Mb region with a minimal overlap set of 53 clones. These cosmids were assigned to 17 bins and 9 contigs. One of the contigs is 665 kb in length and is one of the largest uninterrupted cosmid contigs in humans reported to date. The gaps between the contigs are minor and, together, they represent less than 7% of the region covered. Two previously identified genes are contained in these cosmids, the gene for amelogenin (AMG) and the recently isolated putative chloride channel gene CICN4. In addition, two disease loci have been mapped to this region: X-linked ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) and the microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) syndrome. The assembly of the cosmid maps allowed us to determine the size of the deletion intervals for these two loci, which were estimated to be 110 kb for OA1 and 570 kb for MLS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reflectivity spectra of CsBr and CsI in the rock salt structure

Abstract The reflectivity spectra of CsBr and CsI crystallized in both the CsCl and the NaCl modifications are reported. The results are discussed interms of the band structures of these modifications.
Some Guiding Principles for Outside Reading

Author's summary.— (1) An attempt to set up criteria on the best methods for outside reading; (2) a report on the practical application of these methods.
Effect of initial was medium on the Fischer-Tropsch slurry reaction

Abstract This investigation measured the impact of the liquid starting medium on syngas (H 2 +CO) conversion via the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis in a 11 continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The experiments were conducted with a low-wax producing iron catalyst, so that the liquid medium composition was unaltered by accumulation of product wax throughout the experiment. Our results show a greater deactivation rate for the F-T reaction in heavier starting media (Polywax-655, Allied AC-1702, and Mobil F-T product wax) versus the lighter medium ( n -octacosane). The syngas (H 2 +CO) conversions were approximately equal and steady for the first five days in both light and heavy, commercially available wax media. However, the conversions dropped more rapidly in the heavier wax media (from 85% to 60% in 12–13 days), but only modestly in the light wax media (from 90% to 85% in 15 days). An even sharper deactivation rate occurred with the heavy Mobil F-T wax (from 85% to 60% in six days). For all experiments, the water gas shift (WGS) ratio in the outlet gases dropped concurrently. One proposed explanation for this increased deactivation in the heavier waxes is that heavier products are being formed by secondary reactions. These products could build up over time and restrict the diffusion of hydrocarbon products and water vapor out of the pores. The presence of higher partial pressures of water vapor could irreversibly oxidize the catalyst.
Simultaneous occlusion of Na+ and phosphate by the intestinal brush border membrane Na+/phosphate cotransporter

The molecular mechanism of Na+ and phosphate transport by the intestinal brush border membrane Na+/phosphate cotransporter was examined using anion and cation exchange columns interfaced to a light-activated microsecond timer. The nature of ion:cotransporter interaction was examined for sensitivity to itself versus non-substrates, and sensitivity to amino acid specific reagents. Two possible ion:cotransporter interactions were examined. (a) ion bound, where ion exchanges rapidly with medium ion but not non-substrates, and (b) ion occluded, where ion exchanges slowly with medium ion. The Na+/phosphate cotransporter was found to occlude Na+ or Na+ and H2PO4, but not H2PO4 alone or HPO4. Phosphate occlusion had an absolute requirement for Na+ with K+ or Cs+ unable to substitute. Phosphate occlusion distinguished between phosphate and sulfate. Deocclusion from the fully loaded cotransporter was consistent with the release of 2 Na+'s prior to phosphate. These results predict two ternary cotransporter conformations differing in the Na+ sensitivity of their phosphate affinity.
Mind racing: The influence of exercise on long-term memory consolidation

Over time, regular exercise can lower the risk for age-related decline in cognition. However, the immediate effects of exercise on memory consolidation in younger adults have not been fully investigated. In two experiments, the effects of exercise were assessed on three different memory tasks. These included paired-associate learning, procedural learning and text memory. Results indicate that performance on procedural learning and situation model memory was increased with exercise, regardless of if participants exercised before or after encoding. No benefit of exercise was found for paired-associate learning. These findings suggest that intense exercise may benefit certain types of memory consolidation.
Benefit of T1 reduction for magnetic resonance coronary angiography: A numerical simulation and phantom study

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the utility of the Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particle (USPIO), NC100150 Injection for assessment of macro- and microvascular morphology and function using magnetic resonance imaging. The feasibility of NC100150 Injection was tested for the following applications: Coronary angiography, Thrombus detection, Cardiac function, Myocardial perfusion, Assessment of myocardial blood volume and water exchange and finally assessment of endothelial integrity of the myocardium.The test method included computer simulations, in vitro, animal and clinical experiments. The computer simulations included propagation of longitudinal magnetization in non-steady state acquisitions. Animal models used were coronary artery stenosis in pigs, thrombus formation in the jugular vein in pigs, normal pig myocardium and transplanted hearts in rats. A human study of patients with suspected coronary artery disease was also performed.The results showed that angiography using an USPIO is less efficient in the coronary arteries than in the peripheral arteries. Direct targeting to thrombus using an USPIO is possible but will be limited by the spatial resolution. An USPIO will enhance gradient echo imaging of cardiac function. T2-weighted myocardial perfusion imaging is feasible as well as assessment of myocardial blood volume and endothelial integrity.Due to physiological limitations and technical development the utility of NC100150 Injection for assessment of the macrovascular morphology is limited.However for the assessment of microvascular function, especially perfusion and permeability, NC100150 Injection may contribute to a successful implementation of these methods.
Adolescent Anabolic Steroid Use, Gender, Physical Activity, and Other Problem Behaviors

To test the comparative value of strain theory and problem behavior theory as explanations of adolescent anabolic steroid use, this study examined gender-specific relationships among steroid use, physical activity, and other problem behaviors. Based on the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of over 16,000 U.S. public and private high school students, binge drinking, cocaine use, fighting, and sexual risk-taking were associated with higher odds of lifetime steroid use. In gender-specific analyses, steroid use was strongly associated with female fighting and smokeless tobacco use as well as male sexual risk. Neither athletic participation nor strength conditioning predicted odds of steroid use after controlling for problem behaviors, nor did steroid-using athletes report more frequent use than steroid-using nonathletes. The study's limitations and policy implications were noted. These data suggest that other problem ...
Primary failure of uterine artery embolization: use of magnetic resonance imaging to select patients for repeated embolization.

The purpose of this study was to determine if contrast material–enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could be used to stratify patients who have undergone failed primary uterine artery embolization (UAE) for repeated embolization. One hundred one consecutive patients who underwent UAE at a single center were followed prospectively and assessed for the presence of persistent contrast enhancement of leiomyomas on follow-up MR imaging. Among 11 of the 111 patients with primary clinical failure (10%), MR imaging showed persistent enhancement in eight. Of the eight cases of failure with continued tumor enhancement on MR imaging, six were treated with repeated embolization. All six patients showed complete symptomatic relief at 12-month follow-up. In women who have been treated with failed primary UAE, continued enhancement of leiomyomas on MR imaging can be used to identify candidates for successful repeated UAE.
An analysis of the role of actin during pollen activation leading to germination in pear (Pyrus communis L.): treatment with cytochalasin D

Major stages of actin organization during activation leading to germination of pear (Pyrus communis L.) pollen were disrupted by treatment with 5 μg/ml cytochalasin D (CD), and the effects of the drug were monitored with rhodamine-phalloidin staining. CD induced the formation of granules or short rods in the place of the filamentous arrays that occur in normally developing pollen. Filamentous arrays, however, returned upon removal of CD. Pollen incubated directly in CD showed a gradual disappearance of circular actin profiles and their replacement by either granules or, less frequently, short rods. These granules and rods initially had a random distribution in the cell, but with time in CD they became localized at one of the three germination apertures. Pollen was also allowed to reach three stages of microfilament (MF) organization (initial fibrillar arrays, interapertural MFs, and MFs confined beneath a single aperture) prior to being continously exposed to CD. After CD treatment, germination was blocked and the number of cells containing short rods increased, but movement of actin to a single aperture continued. Finally, when pollen at different stages of MF organization was treated with a CD pulse and then transferred to drug-free medium, germination was delayed regardless of the stage of MF organization at the time of treatment. The results indicate that an uninterrupted progression of actin organization is essential for pollen germination, but that movement of actin in the cell is CD-insensitive.
Increased risk of parkinsonism associated with welding exposure

Objective Manganese (Mn), an established neurotoxicant, is a common component of welding fume. The neurological phenotype associated with welding exposures has not been well described. Prior epidemiologic evidence linking occupational welding to parkinsonism is mixed, and remains controversial.
Assimilative modeling of observed postmidnight equatorial plasma depletions in June 2008

[1] The Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite observed large-scale density depletions at postmidnight and early morning local times in the Northern Hemisphere summer during solar minimum conditions. Using electric field data obtained from the vector electric field instrument (VEFI) as input, the assimilative physics-based model (PBMOD) qualitatively reproduced more than 70% of the large-scale density depletions observed by the Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) onboard C/NOFS. In contrast, the use of a climatological specification of plasma drifts in the model produces no plasma depletions at night. Results from a one-month statistical study, we found that the large-scale depletion structures most often occur near longitudes of 60°, 140°, and 330°, suggesting that these depletions may be associated with nonmigrating atmospheric tides, although the generation mechanisms of eastward electric fields at postmidnight local times are still uncertain. In this paper, densities obtained from both assimilation and climatology for the entire month of June 2008 are compared with PLP data from C/NOFS and the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP), as well as special sensor ionospheric plasma drift/scintillation meter (SSIES) measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. Our statistical study has shown that, on average, the densities obtained by the PBMOD when it assimilates VEFI electric fields agree better with observed background densities than when PBMOD uses climatological electric fields.
Continuing Studies on the Genus Orthotylus in the Hawaiian Islands (Heteroptera: Miridae), with Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species

Abstract Thirty-two new species in the plant bug genus Orthotylus are described from the Hawaiian IsIands. The new species and their host plant associations are as follows: O. metrosideropsis n. sp., from Oahu, on Metrosideros polymorpha; O. ohia n. sp., from Oahu, on Metrosideros polymorpha; O. olapa n. sp., from Oahu, on Cheirodendron trigynum; O. perrotteticola n. sp., from Molokai, on Perrottetia sandwicensis; O. perrottetiopsis n. sp., from Oahu, on Perrottetia sandwicensis; O. dubautiae n. sp., from Kauai, on Dubautia raillardiodes; O. dubauticola n. sp., from Kauai, on Dubautia microcephala; O. pisoniacola n. sp., from Kauai, on Pisonia sandwicensis; O. elaeocarpi n. sp., from Kauai, on Eleocarpus bifidus; O. clermontiopsis n. sp., from Kauai, on Clermontia fauriei; O. pipturicola n. sp., from Kauai, on Pipturus albidus; O. pipturiphila n. sp., from Molokai, on Pipturus albidus; O. antidesmoides n. sp., from Molokai, on Antidesma platyphyllum; O. diospyrivorus n. sp., from Lanai, on Diospyros sandw...
Rb Interacts with Histone Deacetylase to Repress Transcription

Previously, we found that Rb can actively repress transcription of cell cycle genes by binding and inactivating transcription factors at the promoter. Here, we demonstrate that Rb can also repress transcription of endogenous cell cycle genes containing E2F sites through recruitment of histone deacetylase, which deacetylates histones on the promoter, thereby promoting formation of nucleosomes that inhibit transcription. These two mechanisms of repression by Rb are selective-some promoters and transcription factors are blocked by this recruitment of histone deacetylase, whereas others are resistant to histone deacetylase activity and are repressed directly by inhibition of transcription factors.
High Power THz Generation from Sub-ps Bunches of Relativistic Electrons

We describe a > 100 Watt broadband THz source that takes advantage of the relativistic enhancement of the radiation from accelerating electrons according to the formula assigned the name of Sir Joseph Larmor [1,2]. This is in contrast to the typical 1 milliwatt sources available in a laboratory. Specifically, for relativistic electrons the emission is enhanced by the fourth power of the increase in mass. Thus for 100 MeV electrons, for which the mass increases by a factor of {approx} 200, the enhancement is > 109. The experiments use a new generation of light source called an energy recovery linac (ERL) [3], in which bunches of electrons circulate once, but in which their energy is recovered. In such a machine the electron bunches can be very much shorter than those, say, in storage rings or synchrotrons. The Jefferson Lab facility operates in new limits of emission from relativistic particles involving both multiparticle coherence and near-field emission in which the velocity (Coulomb) term in the classical electrodynamical theory becomes as important as the acceleration term (synchrotron radiation). The sub-picosecond pulses of light offer unique capabilities in 2 specific areas, namely time resolved dynamics, and imaging. High resolution THz spectroscopy has recentlymore » revealed sharp vibrational modes for many materials including malignant tissue, proteins, DNA, pharmaceuticals and explosive materials. Energetically the THz range embraces superconducting bandgaps, and regions of intense interest in the understanding of systems in which correlated motions of electrons are important, such as colossal magneto-resistive and high-Tc materials. The very high power levels of the new source will allow non-linear effects to be observed as well as the creation of novel states of materials, including electric-field driven localization [4]. We will give examples of existing work in these areas and present opportunities afforded by the new source.« less
Hormone-Inspired Self-Organization and Distributed Control of Robotic Swarms

The control of robot swarming in a distributed manner is a difficult problem because global behaviors must emerge as a result of many local actions. This paper uses a bio-inspired control method called the Digital Hormone Model (DHM) to control the tasking and executing of robot swarms based on local communication, signal propagation, and stochastic reactions. The DHM model is probabilistic, dynamic, fault-tolerant, computationally efficient, and can be easily tasked to change global behavior. Different from most existing distributed control and learning mechanisms, DHM considers the topological structure of the organization, supports dynamic reconfiguration and self-organization, and requires no globally unique identifiers for individual robots. The paper describes the DHM and presents the experimental results on simulating biological observations in the forming of feathers, and simulating wireless communicated swarm behavior at a large scale for attacking target, forming sensor networks, self-repairing, and avoiding pitfalls in mission execution.
Structural Dynamic Analysis of Cyclic Symmetric Structures

This paper discusses the theory for the dynamic analysis of simple rotationally symmetric structures showing how the problem can be reduced to the analysis of a single segment. The rotational transformation equations are derived and then inverted to obtain the decoupled harmonic equations of motion. Using inter-segment compatibility, the degrees of freedom are reduced to an independent set and the equations of motion are solved. Some special relationsheip between the harmonics and the modal displacements are derived including the relationship between the mode shapes for certain harmonics and the shape of the lateral displacements around the circumference of the structure. Examples including an analysis of the space shuttle main engine fuel turbopump third stage impeller are included.
Using XML in a compiler course

In this paper we describe how XML can be introduced into a compiler construction course. We make the case that XML and compilers have much in common, and that introducing XML into a compiler course makes sense. We then goes on to demonstrate how XML was used in two recent compiler courses. Finally, we discuss the tradeoffs of using an XML-based project rather than a traditional programming-language project.
Reactive/proactive aggression and the development of internalizing problems in males: The moderating effect of parent and peer relationships

The current study examined whether reactive and/or proactive aggression in adolescent males prospectively predicted increased levels of internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) in late adolescence. It was postulated that reactive aggression would be robustly related to later internalizing problems, but only among adolescent males who had problematic family or peer social relationships. Participants were a racially diverse group of 289 adolescent males (Mean age = 16). Measures of reactive and proactive aggression, peer rejection, and poor parent-adolescent communication were examined as predictors of both depression and anxiety symptoms assessed approximately 3 years later. The interactive effects between the two facets of aggression and measures of peer rejection and poor parent-adolescent communication in predicting internalizing problems was also examined. Adolescents with high levels of reactive aggression were more likely to exhibit elevated internalizing problems during late adolescence, even when controlling for pre-existing levels of anxiety/depression. However, this association only emerged for adolescents who had high levels of peer rejection and/or poor communication with their parent. Consistent with expectations, proactive aggression was unrelated to internalizing symptoms regardless of social relationship quality. Adolescent reactive, but not proactive, aggression is a risk factor for the development of internalizing problems. However, the findings suggest that interventions designed to foster positive social relationships among reactively aggressive youth may help protect them from developing significant internalizing problems over time. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1-10, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Communicative Participation and Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer

Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine how a new self-report outcome measure of communicative participation, the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB), related to disease- and ...
Pharmacokinetic optimization of four soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for use in a murine model of inflammation.

Background and purpose: Early soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) such as 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)dodecanoic acid (AUDA) are effective anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory agents in various animal models. However, their poor metabolic stability and limited water solubility make them difficult to use pharmacologically. Here we present the evaluation of four sEHIs for improved pharmacokinetic properties and the anti-inflammatory effects of one sEHI. Experimental approach: The pharmacokinetic profiles of inhibitors were determined following p.o. (oral) administration and serial bleeding in mice. Subsequently the pharmacokinetics of trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB), the most promising inhibitor, was further studied following s.c. (subcutaneous), i.v. (intravenous) injections and administration in drinking water. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of t-AUCB was evaluated by using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine model. Key results: Better pharmacokinetic parameters (higher Cmax, longer t1/2 and greater AUC) were obtained from the tested inhibitors, compared with AUDA. Oral bioavailability of t-AUCB (0.1 mg·kg -1 ) was 68 22% (n = 4), and giving t-AUCB in drinking water is recommended as a feasible, effective and easy route of administration for chronic studies. Finally, t-AUCB (p.o.) reversed the decrease in plasma ratio of lipid epoxides to corresponding diols (a biomarker of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition) in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The in vivo potency of 1 mg·kg -1
Regulation of gene expression by macrolide-induced ribosomal frameshifting.

Summary The expression of many genes is controlled by upstream ORFs (uORFs). Typically, the progression of the ribosome through a regulatory uORF, which depends on the physiological state of the cell, influences the expression of the downstream gene. In the classic mechanism of induction of macrolide resistance genes, antibiotics promote translation arrest within the uORF, and the static ribosome induces a conformational change in mRNA, resulting in the activation of translation of the resistance cistron. We show that ketolide antibiotics, which do not induce ribosome stalling at the uORF of the ermC resistance gene, trigger its expression via a unique mechanism. Ketolides promote frameshifting at the uORF, allowing the translating ribosome to invade the intergenic spacer. The dynamic unfolding of the mRNA structure leads to the activation of resistance. Conceptually similar mechanisms may control other cellular genes. The identified property of ketolides to reduce the fidelity of reading frame maintenance may have medical implications.
Race and Ethnicity as Moderators of Neighborhood Bonding Social Capital: Effects on Employment Outcomes for Families Living in Low-Income Neighborhoods:

The concept of social capital is being applied to community-based antipoverty programs across the country. Despite its increased presence in program theory, research on the process and effects of social capital are lacking. This study tests the direct and moderating relationships between race and ethnicity, informal neighborhood bonding social capital, and poverty on employment for households in low-income urban neighborhoods. Findings reveal a direct and inverse relationship between informal neighborhood bonding social capital and employment, suggesting that social capital is not a cure-all for families living in low-income neighborhoods. Implications for social workers include carefully considering the types of social capital used in program theory and practice, and whether the specific types of social capital are appropriate for intended program outcomes.
Old school meets new school: unsettling times at Freedom Junior-Senior High

This article is a case study designed to challenge the beliefs, values, and ideology of graduate students in educational leadership preparation programs regarding social justice and democratic education. This case is designed to assist students in developing the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to navigate the micropolitical environments that exist in learning communities. This case navigates the multiple sociocultural and political issues a superintendent might experience regarding demographic and cultural change. The case is multilayered and can be used in courses for the principalship and/or superintendency, as well as courses in the foundations of education and leadership.
Managing the Birth Pangs of the New Global Order

As British Prime Minister Gordon Brown notes in this section, we are witnessing the birth pangs of a new global order in this deepest financial and economic crash since the Great Depression. There will be plenty of pain all around for a while. And when the quarter-century leveraged-debt bubble of the United States—the explosion of which detonated the crash—is finally unwound, the new global balance will favor an Asia flush with cash. The G-20 will replace the G-7 as the executive committee of globalization. And, if wise leadership stays the course, there will be a “green lining” to the recovery as the fiscal stimulus is imbued with an environmental sensibility.
Subband image coding with optimal intra- and inter-band subband quantization

Significant progress has been made in the theory and design of analysis/synthesis filter banks and in the independent encoding and decoding subsystems. However, by comparison, little attention has been given to the optimal design of subband quantizers in the sense of minimizing the overall average distortion subject to a constraint on the output rate of the subband system. In the paper, necessary conditions for optimal subband quantization are presented. These conditions can be employed to design quantizers that exploit the linear and non-linear dependencies both within and across the subbands, leading to improvement in performance. >