cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RFLP mapping of QTLs conferring salt tolerance during germination in an interspecific cross of tomato

Most cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) are sensitive to salinity during seed germination and at later stages. Genetic resources for salt tolerance have been identified within the related wild species of tomato. The purpose of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance during germination in an inbred backcross (BC1S1) population of an interspecific cross between a salt-sensitive tomato breeding line (NC84173, maternal and recurrent parent) and a salt-tolerant Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium accession (LA722). Onehundred and nineteen BC1 individuals were genotyped for 151 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and a genetic linkage map was constructed. The parental lines and 119 BC1S1 families (self-pollinated progeny of 119 BC1 individuals) were evaluated for germination at an intermediate salt-stress level (150 mM NaCl+15 mM CaCl2, water potential approximately −850 kPa). Germination was scored visually as radicle protrusion at 8-h intervals for 28 consecutive days. Germination response was analyzed by survival analysis and the time to 25, 50, and 75% germination was determined. In addition, a germination index (GI) was calculated as the weighted mean of the time from imbibition to germination for each family/line. Interval mapping, single-marker analysis and distributional extreme analysis, were used to identify QTLs and the results of all three mapping methods were generally similar. Seven chromosomal locations with significant effects on salt tolerance were identified. The L. pimpinellifolium accession had favorable QTL alleles at six locations. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by individual QTLs ranged from 6.5 to 15.6%. Multilocus analysis indicated that the cumulative action of all significant QTLs accounted for 44.5% of the total phenotypic variance. A total of 12 pairwise epistatic interactions were identified, including four between QTL-linked and QTL-unlinked regions and eight between QTL-unlinked regions. Transgressive phenotypes were observed in the direction of salt sensitivity. The graphical genotyping indicated a high correspondence between the phenotypes of the extreme families and their QTL genotypes. The results indicate that tomato salt tolerance during germination can be improved by marker-assisted selection using interspecific variation.
Acculturative stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in Mexican immigrants.

This study examined the relationship among acculturative stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in a sample of Mexican immigrants. Also examined were variables that predict depression and suicidal ideation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that acculturative stress significantly predicted depression and suicidal ideation and that family support, social support, religiosity, agreement with the decision to migrate, and expectations for the future were significant predictors of depression and suicidal ideation. The overall findings suggest that adult Mexican immigrants who experience elevated levels of acculturative stress may be at risk for experiencing critical levels of depression and suicidal ideation. The findings highlight the importance of using culturally relevant clinical methods when assessing and treating the depressed and potentially suicidal acculturating individual. Language: en
A NOTE ON THE ASYMPTOTIC NORMALITY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE NUMBER OF EMPTY CELLS IN OCCUPANCY PROBLEMS.

Abstract : Two elementary proofs of the asymptotic normality of the distribution of the number of empty cells in occupancy problems are provided. (Author)
Employee characteristics for IT workers in a transition job market

The bursting of the dot-com bubble in the early 2000s resulted in a tightening of the belt in most sectors but especially in Information Technology. Two key issues faced by employees and would-be employees were: (1) how to get a job in this tight market? and (2) just as significant, how to keep a job in this market? This paper seeks to determine what set of characteristics is important in hiring new employees, what set of characteristics is important in retaining current employees and how the two sets of characteristics compare.
Representations of unusual mathematical structures in scientific applications of symbolic computation

We present some techniques we have used to apply REDUCE to problems which have mathematical structures unknown to REDUCE. Our examples, the spectrum of the @a model and the Gross-Neveu model, come from particle physics. We had to handle three-vectors, summation with indefinite upper limit, formatting requirements for producing efficient FORTRAN code, and anti-commuting operators.
A mechanism for hydroxylation by tyrosine hydroxylase based on partitioning of substituted phenylalanines.

The iron-containing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine. A series of 4-X-substituted (X = H, F, Br, Cl, CH3, or CH3O) phenylalanines have been characterized as substrates to gain insight into the mechanism of hydroxylation. Multiple hydroxylated products were formed in most cases. As the size of the substituent at the 4-position increased, the site of hydroxylation switched from the 4- to the 3-position of the aromatic ring. The total amount of product formed with each amino acid showed a very good correlation with the σ parameter of the substituent, with ρ values of −4.3 ± 0.7 or −5.6 ± 0.8 when tetrahydrobiopterin or 6-methyltetrahydropterin, respectively, was used as cosubstrate. These values are consistent with a highly electron deficient transition state for hydroxylation. Oxygen addition at the 4-position resulted in either elimination of the substituent to form tyrosine or an NIH shift to form the respective 3-X-tyrosine. The relative amount...
Resonant 4-photon and higher order mixing in Hg0.77Cd0.23Te

Abstract We have observed resonant four-photon mixing in Hg 0.77 Cd 0.23 Te due to its large spin nonlinearity. Two pump CO 2 lasers at frequencies ω 1 and ω 2 produce outputs at ω 4 = 2ω 2 -ω 1 and ω 3 = 2ω 1 -ω 2 , resonant under the condition that |ω 2 -ω 1 | = g μ H , with g the spin-level splitting factor, μ the Bohr magneton, and H the magnetic field. At 12 K the linewidth of the signal is 70 gauss. The output at ω 4 scales quadratically with the input power at ω 2 and linearly with the input power at ω 1 . Observation of the four-photon output at 77 K allows determination of the g -value at that temperature. In addition, we observe resonant higher order mixing at frequency 3ω 2 -2ω 1 .
The art of gene therapy for glioma: a review of the challenging road to the bedside

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain tumour that is unvaryingly fatal in humans despite even aggressive therapeutic approaches such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unconventional treatment options such as gene therapy provide an intriguing option for curbing glioma related deaths. To date, gene therapy has yielded encouraging results in preclinical animal models as well as promising safety profiles in phase I clinical trials, but has failed to demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in phase III clinical trials. The most widely studied antiglioma gene therapy strategies are suicide gene therapy, genetic immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy, and we have attributed the challenging transition of these modalities into the clinic to four major roadblocks: (1) anatomical features of the central nervous system, (2) the host immune system, (3) heterogeneity and invasiveness of GBM and (4) limitations in current GBM animal models. In this review, we discuss possible ways to jump these hurdles and develop new gene therapies that may be used alone or in synergy with other modalities to provide a powerful treatment option for patients with GBM.
Association of the src gene product of Rous sarcoma virus with cytoskeletal structures of chicken embryo fibroblasts.

Abstract We have prepared cytoskeletons from normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells by extraction with nonionic detergents in a buffered salt solution designed to preserve the structure as it exists in vivo. Virtually all of the phosphoprotein pp60src in the cell is bound to such cytoskeletons. Furthermore, when these cytoskeletons are incubated in situ with [gamma-32P]ATP, pp60src is phosphorylated. Labeling of other apparently transformation-specific cytoskeletons phosphoproteins is also observed. These results directly demonstrate an association between pp60src and elements of the cytoskeleton and suggest that pp60src may exert at least some of its effects as a consequence of its interaction with this cellular framework.
Integrated Production Scheduling and Shipping Problem for a Single Manufacturer and Multiple Customers

Abstract In this paper, we investigate a supply chain scheduling problem involving a single manufacturer and multiple customers. Our aim is to integrate the production and shipping functions of the manufacturer so as to minimize the total cost incurred due to tardiness of customer orders and shipping of orders to customers. Since this problem is NP-hard (which we show), we solve it by appropriately decomposing it into subproblems, one of which is solvable in polynomial time. A branch-and-bound-based methodology is developed for the solution of the overall problem that exploits its structural properties. Results of an extensive computational experimentation are also presented that show the efficacy of our algorithm.
Vector discrete nonlinear surface waves

It is theoretically shown that multi-component discrete vector surface waves can exist in arrays of coupled waveguides. These mutually trapped surface states primarily reside in the first waveguide of a semi-infinite array. The existence and stability of such surface waves are systematically investigated.
The Effect of Particle Size in Second Harmonic Generation from the Surface of Spherical Colloidal Particles. I: Experimental Observations†

The size of the colloidal particle has a dramatic effect on the efficiency of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) from the particle surface. This effect is illustrated with the second harmonic intensity measured from submicrometer polystyrene beads adsorbed with malachite green dye molecules in aqueous solution, both in the forward direction and as a function of the scattering angle in the horizontal plane. In the forward scattering direction, the SHG efficiency initially increases rapidly with the particle size. The efficiency peaks at ∼1 μm diameter and then decreases with the particle size. The majority of the SH light generated from the particle surface scatters away from the forward direction for smaller particles. In particular for particles with diameter smaller than 100 nm the position of the maximum is nearly 90° away from the forward direction. A straightforward phenomenological model is used to predict that the angle of maximum SH efficiency tilts more toward the forward direction for part...
Drell-Yan and diphoton production at hadron colliders and low scale gravity model

In the model of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali where gravity is allowed to propagate in the extra dimensions of very large size, virtual graviton exchange between the standard model particles can give rise to signatures that can be tested in collider experiments. We study these effects in dilepton and diphoton production at hadron colliders. Specifically, we examine the double differential cross section in the invariant mass and scattering angle, which is found to be useful in separating the gravity effects from the standard model. In this work, sensitivity obtained using the double differential cross section is higher than that in previous studies based on single differential distributions. Assuming no excess of events over the standard model predictions, we obtain the following 95% confidence level lower limits on the effective Planck scale: 0.9\char21{}1.5 TeV in the Fermilab Tevatron run I, 1.3\char21{}2.5 TeV in run IIa, 1.7\char21{}3.5 TeV in run IIb, and 6.5\char21{}12.8 TeV at the CERN LHC. The range of numbers corresponds to the number of extra dimensions $n=7\ensuremath{-}2.$
Cocaine effects on digital blood flow and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide among chronic cocaine users

Purpose To determine the acute effects of intravenous (IV) cocaine on primarily digital skin blood flow and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (CO), and secondarily on subjective and cardiovascular measures. Patients and Methods A double-blind, Latinsquare, placebo-controlled, dose-response study was conducted in an inpatient general clinical research center and clinical pharmacology unit of a university teaching hospital. Twelve adult males with histories of illicit drug use including IV cocaine received 0, 25, and 50 mg of IV cocaine given as 1-minute infusions, on 3 consecutive test days. Digital cutaneous blood flow was determined via laser doppler flowmetry and skin temperature. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (D CO ) was measured with standard techniques. Subjective responses were measured by oral report of a numerical ranking of strength of drug effect. Heart rate and blood pressure responses were measured by electronic syphygmomanometer. Results A maximal decrease in skin blood flow occurred at 2 to 3 minutes after infusion, and was not distinguished among drug conditions. Blood flow returned to baseline more rapidly after placebo than after cocaine: 7 minutes (placebo), 35 minutes (25 mg cocaine), 50 minutes (50 mg cocaine). Skin temperature decreased by 1.25 °C after placebo and by 2.75 and 3.25 °C after 25 and 50 mg of cocaine, respectively. D CO changed by −1.02 (mean) ± 0.25 (standard deviation), 0.16 ± 1.22, and 0.21 ± 1.63 ml/min/mm Hg following placebo, 25, and 50 mg of cocaine, respectively. Typical subjective, chronotropic, and pressor responses to cocaine were demonstrated, and these occurred in close temporal relationship to digital blood flow and skin temperature responses. Conclusions The digital cutaneous circulation is highly sensitive to vasoconstrictor effects of cocaine. Pulmonary blood volume tends to be preserved after IV cocaine. Subjective effects and cardiovascular responses occur in concert with peripheral blood flow changes. The peripheral vasoconstrictor effects have implications for cocaine users with concurrent vasospastic or vasculopathic disorders.
Application of actuators to control beam flexure in a large space structure

This paper describes a flexible-body control methodology for performing a nonlinear slew of a large space structure and simultaneously regulating the associated flexural vibrations by linear methods. Degree of controllability methods are used as guidelines for the positioning of proof-mass actuators on the structure. The goal is to determine the importance of location of the actuators on regulator performance, and the utility of the degree of controllability methods. A numerical simulation is made of a 20 deg slew maneuver of the spacecraft laboratory experiment (SCOLE). The SCOLE model treated here is the spacecraft version. It includes three bodies: the Space Shuttle, a reflector antenna, and a flexible beam of length 39.62 m connecting them. In the simulation, the beam vibration is fully coupled to the dynamics of the slewing motion. Regulation of the beam vibration is addressed by means of proof-mass actuators on the beam, and by vernier thrusters on the Shuttle and antenna bodies. Repeated simulations are made with different actuator placements. The results show that with the actuators placed within a region of strong control effectiveness, damping and flexural amplitude are changed only slightly by changes in actuator location. However, the damping is significantly reduced for actuator location in regions of low-control effectiveness, although the amplitude of the vibrations changes only slightly.
Clostridium difficile colonization and disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstracts There was an increase in the Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rate in our bone marrow transplantation unit. To evaluate the role of unit-based transmission, C. difficile screening was performed on adult patients admitted for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) over a 2-year period, and C. difficile isolates were typed. C. difficile testing was performed using a 2-step C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase antigen plus toxin A/B enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and cytotoxin assay (or molecular toxin assay). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on toxin-positive whole stool samples. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with a positive toxin assay. Sixteen of 150 patients (10.7%) had toxigenic C. difficile colonization (CDC) on admission. The overall incidence of CDI within 100 days after HSCT was 24.7% (37 of 150). The median time to diagnosis of CDI was 3.5 days after HSCT. In an adjusted logistic regression model, CDC on admission was a significant risk factor for CDI (odds ratio, 68.5; 95% confidence interval, 11.4 to 416.2). MLST on 22 unit patient toxin-positive stool specimens revealed 15 distinct strain types. Further analysis identified at least 1 potential cross-transmission event; some events may have been missed because of incomplete typing from other specimens. Despite aggressive infection control interventions, there was no decline in the number of CDI cases during the study period. These data suggest that prior CDC plays a major role in CDI rates in this high-risk patient population. It remains unclear if CDI was cross-transmitted in the unit.
Friends Like These: George W. Bush and Federal Aid to Nonpublic Schools

On 9 April 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the nation's first comprehensive initiative to provide federal aid to public schools. Tide I of the Act created programs for "educationally disadvantaged" students, with "pass-through" provisions for nonpublic school pupils. Tide II provided funds for the purchase 01 textbooks and other materials as well as the expansion of school libraries for public and nonpublic school children. Tide III assigned monies for "supplemental services and centers" open to nonpublic as well as public school children. Title IV funded federal educational research, and Tide V targeted state education agencies. Tide VI/Chapter 2 enabled the acquisition of instructional materials and technology for nonpublic schools. Under the principle of "public trusteeship," public agencies in the states and localities would distribute federal funds to nonpublic school students.1 Congress and the presidents renewed the ESEA eight times between 1965 and 2002, yet the gains for nonpublic (mostly Roman Catholic) schools were more illusory than real. Despite evidence of significant movement by the presidents, public, cities and states, courts, students, and Congress toward greater school "choice," advocates of nonpublic school aid in many ways remained their own worst enemies.
MOVIE-INSPIRED SEXUAL PRACTICES

Although researchers favor using pornographic movies to study sexual arousal, theatrical films possess a more meaningful though complex means for examining this experience. One possibiliq concerns the influence of major films on the practices of masturbation, intercourse, and oral-genital contact. W e conducted two surveys to determine the kinds of films which led to these practices and to classify the frequency of such acts among male and female college students. Survey 1 included 47 males and 60 females enrolled in sexuality classes. We compiled a list of 603 movies to represent the most notable titles which appeared between 1930 and 1981, excluding pornographic fate. Students recorded their sexual acts, but only if a film proved a significant stimulus for the acts to occur. Five fictitious titles were inserted, one for each decade of movies to check accuracy. Survey 2 was of 70 males and 76 females from the same course a year later, and 42 males and 50 females enrolled in introductory psychology but not human sexuality. W e used a revised list of 56 movies which included 14 newer releases, and we added a questionnaire to learn of the students' sexual habits, their preferences for different types of films, and their choice of the movie which most aroused them sexuallv. Combining responses of men and women from both surveys, four films ranked high on all "movie-inspired" lists: "10," Endless Love, The Blue Lagoon, and Satusdq Night Fever. These films contributed most reliably to sexual activity, with the sharpest gender differences occurring between the men's favorite, "10," and the women's favorite, Endless Love. When asked in Survey 2 to select the most arousing film, 20% of all males chose "10," with 19% opting for a pornographic movie (compared to 8 % females). Females in Survey 2 selected An Officer and a Gentleman as most arousing (37961, followed by Endless Love ( 14% ) . Concerning sexual practices, 64% of males in both surveys reported a total of 682 aas, compared to 569 acts noted by 39% of all females. Despite greater consistency among men in listing movie-inspired pracuces, women led in the average number of sexual acts per participant, 7.79 to 6.75. However, men and women expressed the same partern of practices: intercourse (53% and 56% of the total acts), oral-genital behavior (26%, 2 4 % ) , and masturbation (21 %, 20%) . Our findings indicate that more men than women are likely to engage in sexual activity after viewing an arousing film, but that a group of "movie-inspired" women can rival men in che frequency of their sexual practices. Women appear to prefer their eroticism within a romantic context (at least in major films), particularly if the context includes young lovers. This condition prevailed in the movies that women associated most often with sexual behavior yet did not occur in "10," the film most favored by men.
A discussion on the significance associated with Pearson’s correlation in precision agriculture studies

Pearson’s correlation is a commonly used descriptive statistic in many published precision agriculture studies, not only in the Precision Agriculture Journal, but also in other journals that publish in this domain. Very few of these articles take into consideration auto-correlation in data when performing correlation analysis, despite a statistical solution being available. A brief discussion on the need to consider auto-correlation and the effective sample size when using Pearson’s correlation in precision agriculture research is presented. The discussion is supported by an example using spatial data on vine size and canopy vigour in a juice-grape vineyard. The example data demonstrated that the p-value of the correlation between vine size and canopy vigour increased when auto-correlation was accounted for, potentially to a non-significant level depending on the desired α-level. The example data also demonstrated that the method by which data are processed (interpolated) to achieve co-located data will also affect the amount of auto-correlation and the effective sample size. The results showed that for the same variables, with different approaches to data co-location, a lower r-value may have a lower p-value and potentially hold more statistical significance.
Clonal Variation in the Impact of Ethyl Methanesulfonate and 5-Azacytidine on the Metastatic Phenotype of Human Prostatic Tumor Cells in Athymic Nude Mice

Parallel in vitro exposure to 5-azacytidine or to ethyl methanesulfonate either significantly reduced or had no major impact on the experimental metastasis capacity of different clones of the human prostatic carcinoma subline 1-LN-PC-3-1A. The impact of these agents on metastatic capacity varied (1) among different clones and (2) between clones and the uncloned parental line. Analysis of the process by which these agents modify the metastatic phenotype of human tumor cells may offer insight into the process of phenotypic diversification.
Endothelial-Like Progenitor Cells Engineered to Produce Prostacyclin Rescue Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Provide Right Ventricle Benefits

Background—Intravenous prostacyclin is approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but it has a short half-life and must be delivered systemically via an indwelling intravenous catheter. We hypothesize that localized jugular vein delivery of prostacyclin-producing cells may provide sustained therapeutic effects without the limitations of systemic delivery. Methods and Results—We generated a vector expressing a human cyclooxygenase isoform 1 and prostacyclin synthase fusion protein that produces prostacyclin from arachidonic acid. Endothelial-like progenitor cells (ELPCs) were transfected with the cyclooxygenase isoform 1-prostacyclin synthase plasmid and labeled with lentivirus expressing nuclear-localized red fluorescent protein (nuRFP). The engineered ELPCs (expressing cyclooxygenase isoform 1-prostacyclin synthase and nuRFP) were tested in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. In PAH prevention studies, treatment with engineered ELPCs or control ELPCs (expressing nuRFP alone) atte...
Transcriptional Activation of Mina by Sp1/3 Factors

Mina is an epigenetic gene regulatory protein known to function in multiple physiological and pathological contexts, including pulmonary inflammation, cell proliferation, cancer and immunity. We showed previously that the level of Mina gene expression is subject to natural genetic variation linked to 21 SNPs occurring in the Mina 5′ region [1]. In order to explore the mechanisms regulating Mina gene expression, we set out to molecularly characterize the Mina promoter in the region encompassing these SNPs. We used three kinds of assays – reporter, gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation – to analyze a 2 kb genomic fragment spanning the upstream and intron 1 regions flanking exon 1. Here we discovered a pair of Mina promoters (P1 and P2) and a P1-specific enhancer element (E1). Pharmacologic inhibition and siRNA knockdown experiments suggested that Sp1/3 transcription factors trigger Mina expression through additive activity targeted to a cluster of four Sp1/3 binding sites forming the P1 promoter. These results set the stage for comprehensive analysis of Mina gene regulation from the context of tissue specificity, the impact of inherited genetic variation and the nature of upstream signaling pathways.
Soft acoustic mode in ferroelastic BiV O 4

Brillouin scattering spectroscopy of bismuth vanadate has revealed a soft acoustic mode which is characteristic of a proper ferroelastic phase transition. Raman scattering has revealed an optic mode which is doubly degenerate ${E}_{g}$ in the paraelastic phase and splits into two ${B}_{g}$ modes in the ferroelastic phase. The temperature dependence of the splitting is also consistent with a proper ferroelastic transition.
Characteristics of multi-phase flow with particle evaporation in a combustor with counter-flow injection

Abstract Seed particles are added to a high temperature reacting flow to achieve the desired electric conductivity for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. The evaporation rate of the see particles and the uniformity of the seed vapor distribution in the reacting flow are major factors affecting the performance of the MHD system. An integral reacting flow (IRF) computer code was used to calculate the multi-phase flow characteristics in an MHD combustor and predict the optimum operating conditions of the combustor. The IRF code is a general hydrodynamics computer code for multi-phase, two dimensional, steady state, turbulent, and reacting flows, based on mass, momentum, and energy conservation laws. A unique integral reaction submodel in the IRF code enhances numerical convergence while preserving the major physical effects of the complex combustion processes. The combustor is a rectangular channel in which a mixture of fuel gas and seed particles enters from one end and exits at the other, while the oxidizer is injected from the sides. The major findings of a parametric study included: (1) the seed particle evaporation rate varies for different oxidizer injection angles; (2) the optimal evaporation rate was found at an injection angle around 130°; (3) the seed particle size had a major effect on particle dispersion and vapor mixing; (4) seed particles with a diameter of 34 μm or larger were only partially vaporized in the combustor, and the seed vapor distribution at the combustor exit was highly non-uniform; and (5) significant particle deposition was found on the side walls upstream of the oxidizer injection slots. Theoretical predictions were in general agreement with experimental trends.
Multiple testing in statistical analysis of systems-based information retrieval experiments

High-quality reusable test collections and formal statistical hypothesis testing together support a rigorous experimental environment for information retrieval research. But as Armstrong et al. [2009b] recently argued, global analysis of experiments suggests that there has actually been little real improvement in ad hoc retrieval effectiveness over time. We investigate this phenomenon in the context of simultaneous testing of many hypotheses using a fixed set of data. We argue that the most common approaches to significance testing ignore a great deal of information about the world. Taking into account even a fairly small amount of this information can lead to very different conclusions about systems than those that have appeared in published literature. We demonstrate how to model a set of IR experiments for analysis both mathematically and practically, and show that doing so can cause p-values from statistical hypothesis tests to increase by orders of magnitude. This has major consequences on the interpretation of experimental results using reusable test collections: it is very difficult to conclude that anything is significant once we have modeled many of the sources of randomness in experimental design and analysis.
Ideological and Economic Development in Tanzania

Serious consideration of ideology and economic progress is singularly appropriate at this stage in East Africa's history, in relation to the Uganda coup and the current difficulties between Tanzania and Uganda. Both events have a crucial ideological dimension and have already had deep repercussions on the economy of the two countries and of the East African Community as a whole. That the subject is appropriate, however, does not render it any easier to deal with adequately. At the outset, I encountered four basic problems. First, the very definition of “economic performance” is itself an ideological decision, in that ultimately it requires a value-judgment on the relative importance of various possible indices of achievement. Whether rapid expansion in per capita income is more significant than the creation of a slower-growing but more regionally and sectorally balanced economy; what division is appropriate between current consumption and investment for future consumption; what economic value is attached to a certain pattern of ownership of the means of production, or to a particular policy of distribution of the economic surplus--all of these basic questions about the economic objectives of a society can only be answered ultimately by reference to ideological values. This interdependence between the terms of the topic is an index of its complexity.
USE OF SERUM B1H AND C3b INACTIVATOR (C3bINA) LEVELS IN DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE OF C3 LEVEL

USE OF SERUM B1H AND C3b INACTIVATOR (C3bINA) LEVELS IN DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE OF C3 LEVEL
Mining Deviations from Patient Care Pathways via Electronic Medical Record System Audits

In electronic medical record (EMR) systems, administrators often provide EMR users with broad access privileges, which may leave the system vulnerable to misuse and abuse. Given that patient care is based on a coordinated workflow, we hypothesize that care pathways can be represented as the progression of a patient through a system and introduce a strategy to model the patient’s flow as a sequence of accesses defined over a graph. Elements in the sequence correspond to features associated with the access transaction (e.g., reason for access). Based on this motivation, we model patterns of patient record usage, which may indicate deviations from care workflows. We evaluate our approach using several months of data from a large academic medical center. Empirical results show that this framework finds a small portion of accesses constitute outliers from such flows. We also observe that the violation patterns deviate for different types of medical services. Analysis of our results suggests greater deviation from normal access patterns by nonclinical users. We simulate anomalies in the context of real accesses to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method for different medical services. As an illustration of the capabilities of our method, it was observed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the Pediatrics service was found to be 0.9166. The results suggest that our approach is competitive with, and often better than, the existing state-of-the-art in its outlier detection performance. At the same time, our method is more efficient, by orders of magnitude, than previous approaches, allowing for detection of thousands of accesses in seconds.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of human palmitoyl-CoA ligase and its tissue specific expression

A complimentary DNA clone encoding the entire human palmitoyl-CoA ligase has been isolated from a liver cDNA library and sequenced in it's entirety. The predicted product is a 699 amino acid protein. Southern analysis utilizing the human palmitoyl-CoA ligase gene as a probe revealed varying degrees of similarity amongst various mammalian species. The palmitoyl-CoA ligase gene is highly expressed in liver, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney, and to a lesser extent in brain, lung, placenta and pancreas. The expression of palmitoyl-CoA ligase in various tissue parallels the function of this enzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids in these tissues.
Challenges for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Summary form only given. This talk will have two parts. In part one, we will review recent progress in mobile robotics, focusing on the problems of simultaneous mapping and localization (SLAM) and cooperative navigation of mobile sensor networks. The problem of SLAM is stated as follows: starting from an initial position, a mobile robot travels through a sequence of positions and obtains a set of sensor measurements at each position. The goal is for the mobile robot to process the sensor data to compute an estimate of its position while concurrently building a map of the environment. We will present SLAM results for several scenarios including land robot mapping of large-scale environments and undersea mapping using optical imaging sensors. We will also describe work on cooperative navigation for networks of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and autonomous sea-surface vehicles (ASVs). In the second part of the talk, we will provide an overview of MIT's entry in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. The goal of this effort is to produce a car that can drive autonomously in traffic. Our team has developed a novel strategy for using a large number of inexpensive sensors mounted on the vehicle periphery. Lidar, camera, and radar data streams are processed using an innovative, locally smooth state representation that provides robust perception for real-time autonomous control. A resilient planning and control architecture has been developed for driving in traffic, comprised of an innovative combination of well-proven algorithms for mission planning, situational planning, situational interpretation, and trajectory control. These innovations are being incorporated in two new robotic vehicles equipped for autonomous driving in urban environments, with extensive testing on a DARPA site visit course.
What Psychoanalysis, Culture And Society Mean To Me

The paper reviews some ways that the social and psychic have been understood in psychoanalysis and argues that a model for understanding the relation between the psychic and the social must account both for the ways that we internalize oppressive norms as well as the ways we resist them. The author proposes that we build our identities in relation to other identities circulating in our culture and that cultural hierarchies of sexism, racism, classism push us to split off part of what it means to be human, thereby creating painful individual and relational repetition compulsions. These "normative unconscious processes" replicate the unjust social norms that cause psychic pain in the first place. The paper concludes with thoughts about contemporary US culture, in which the government has abdicated responsibility toward its most vulnerable citizens and has thus rendered vulnerability and dependence shameful states.
Zinc, copper, and blood pressure: Human population studies

Copper and zinc are essential trace biometals that regulate cardiovascular homeostasis, and dysregulation of these metals has been linked to vascular diseases, including hypertension. In this article, we review recent human population studies concerning this topic, focusing on: 1) the relationship between blood pressure and levels of zinc and copper; 2) correlations between trace metals, the renin-angiotensin system, obesity, and hypertension; 3) the relationship between environmental metal pollution and the development of hypertension; and 4) methods commonly employed to assay zinc and copper in human specimens. Moreover, based on the findings of these studies, we suggest the following topics as the basis for future investigations: 1) the potential role of environmental metal pollution as a causal factor for hypertension; 2) metal profiles within specific pathogenic subsets of patients with hypertension; 3) standardizing the experimental design so that the results between different studies are more comparable; and 4) the requirement for animal experiments as complementary approaches to address mechanistic insight that cannot be studied in human populations.
CROSS HEDGING AUSTRALIAN CATTLE

A major part of Australian cattle trade takes place in markets for animals which do not meet the specifications for the trade steer contract. However, producers, processors and marketers of cattle which are nondeliverable on the futures market may be able to make use of the futures market through the process of cross hedging. The aim is to determine whether or not various types of Australian cattle could, in fact, have been cross hedged successfully in the past using the existing Australian cattle futures contracts. Cross hedging is evaluated over time, space and product form to assess the potential for cross hedging that has existed since the Sydney Futures Exchange's cattle contract was first offered for trading. No attempt will be made to identify 'optimal' cross-hedging strategies. The specifications of the trade steer contract have changed over time. When first introduced in July 1975 the contract was labelled 'futures type steers'. Prior to 1 July 1977 the contract called for carcass deliveries. Since that date, live deliveries have been made, hence the references to 'live cattle' contracts in the literature. Due to this change in specifications, data from live delivery markets only were used in this analysis.
HIGH PRODUCTIVITY IN HAPLOMETROTIC COLONIES OF THE INTRODUCED PAPER WASP POLISTES DOMINULUS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; POLISTINAE)

Abstract The intrinsic rate of increase of a population in terms of fecundity, developmental time, and longevity, is known to affect the colonizing ability of species. We present evidence that Polistes dominulus, an invasive European paper wasp introduced to the United States, exhibits life-history traits that predispose it to successful colonization. This predisposition is not simply due to the more frequent pleometrosis of P. dominulus. Many authors have speculated, based on cursory observations, that P. dominulus is replacing native species including P. metricus. The possibility of replacement in light of the data is discussed.
The omentum is a site of stromal cell–derived factor 1α production and reservoir for CXC chemokine receptor 4–positive cell recruitment

Abstract Background The mechanism of the omental response to injury remains poorly defined. This study investigates the omental reaction to a foreign body, examining the role of a chemokine ligand/receptor pair known to play a crucial role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Methods A ventral hernia, surgically created in the abdominal wall of 6 swine, was repaired with silicone sheeting to activate the omentum. Omental thickness was determined by ultrasonography. Serial stromal cell–derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) concentrations were measured in blood, wound, and peritoneal fluids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results During the 14-day study period, serial ultrasonography showed a 20-fold increase in omental thickness, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a 4-fold increase in SDF-1α concentration in local wound fluid. Omental vessel count and vascular surface area were 8- to 10-fold higher in reactive omentum. Immunohistochemistry showed nearly complete replacement of control omental fat with CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-positive cells by day 14. Conclusions Activated omentum, important in the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, may serve as an intraperitoneal reservoir for recruitment of circulating bone marrow–derived cells vital to healing.
Ultrasonic evaluation of the scrotum

Ultrasonography has proved to be a highly useful method for detecting testicular lesions, correlating them with clinical findings, and indicating whether scrotal masses are caused by fluid or by solid tissue. It has not been possible, however, to distinguish spermatic cord torsion from epididymitis.
ALKOXY(SILOXY) COMPLEXES OF TIN, LEAD AND BISMUTH

Abstract By reaction of PbCl2 with 3 equivalents of NaOSi(OtBu)3, the ate complex NaPb[OSi(OiBu)3]3 was obtained. This compound possesses a structure containing a 3-coordinate, trigonal prismatic lead center, and a 6-coordinate Na atom encapsulated in an oxygen matrix formed by the bridging siloxy and tert-butoxy groups of the -OSi(OtBu)3 ligands. The neutral lead complex Pb[OSi(OtBu)3]2·tBuOH·CH3CN was obtained from reaction of Pb3(μ-OtBu)6 with HOSi(OtBu)3. The tin complex KSn[OSi(OtBu)3]3, prepared from SnCl2 and KOSi(OtBu)3, is isomorphous with NaPb[OSi(OtBu)3]3. The bismuth compounds Bi[OSi(OtBu)3]3 and Bi[OSi(OtBu)2Ph]3 were obtained by similar methods.
A model of migrating grain-boundary grooves with application to two mobility-measurement methods

Abstract Grain-boundary migration controls grain growth and is important in materials processing and synthesis. The mobility of grain boundaries is usually measured by the “quarter-loop” and Sun–Bauer methods. In these methods, a grain boundary migrates and its tip position along a free surface is recorded to infer the mobility. At the tip, a groove develops to reduce the combined surface energy. The groove is small and adjusts quickly. Thus, in both methods, the groove can be treated at each instant as migrating at constant speed. We study this quasi-steady groove formed via surface diffusion, and find that the groove turns the grain boundary (by angle θ) away from being perpendicular to the free surface. We add this tilting effect into both measurement methods by solving the migrating grain-boundary profiles for arbitrary θ. Computed profiles agree well with two Sun–Bauer experiments in which θ=18 and 30°.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF HALICYCLOPS FOSTERI WILSON (COPEPODA, CYCLOPOIDA) IN THE DELAWARE BAY REGION, U.S.A.

Hadicyclops fosteri ist eine planktonische Art, die bisher nur selten in Astuarien Nordamerikas gefunden wurde. Sie erweist sich als eine der dominierenden Formen in zwei kleinen Zuflussen am sudwestlichen Ufer der Delaware Bucht. Beide Flusse sind weniger als 20 km lang und haben ein schwaches Gefalle; sie entwassern ausgedehnte Sumpfgebiete. Die Populationen von H. fosteri erreichen ihr Maximum bei Temperaturen uber 20° C und bei Salinitaten unter 2‰. Es konnten zwischen 10 000 und 750 000 Individuen pro m3 gezahlt werden. H. fosteri und Eurytemora affinis (Calanoida) sind in beiden Flussen in den Regionen mit niedrigem Salzgehalt die dominierenden Copepoden.
GUISE: Uniform Sampling of Graphlets for Large Graph Analysis

Graphlet frequency distribution (GFD) has recently become popular for characterizing large networks. However, the computation of GFD for a network requires the exact count of embedded graphlets in that network, which is a computationally expensive task. As a result, it is practically infeasible to compute the GFD for even a moderately large network. In this paper, we propose GUISE, which uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method for constructing the approximate GFD of a large network. Our experiments on networks with millions of nodes show that GUISE obtains the GFD within few minutes, whereas the exhaustive counting based approach takes several days.
Price Rounding and Bid-Ask Spreads before and after the Decimalization

Abstract We investigate price rounding before and after the pilot decimalization on the NYSE. We find that although rounding exists in transaction, bid, and ask prices in both the pre- and postdecimalization periods, it becomes less salient after the decimalization. The cross-sectional relationship between rounding and trading variables is similar before and after the decimalization, and so is the relationship between execution costs and rounding when trading variables are held constant. More importantly, the quoted and effective bid–ask spreads decrease after decimal trading, and this decrease can be ascribed to the decrease in rounding frequency after controlling for the changes in trading variables.
Codon Signature Extremes In Eukaryote genomes

Twenty-one complete eukaryotic genomes are compared for codon signature biases. The codon signature refers to the dinucleotide relative abundance values at codon sites {1, 2}, {2, 3}, and {3, 4} (4 = 1 of the next codon site). The genomes under study include human, mouse, chicken, three invertebrates, one plant species, eight fungi, and six protists. The dinucleotide CpG is significantly underrepresented at all contiguous codon sites and drastically suppressed in noncoding regions in mammalian species, in yeast-like genomes, in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, but not in the filamentous fungi Neurospora crassa and Asperigillus fumigatus, and in the protist Entamoeba histolytica. The dinucleotide TpA, probably due to DNA structural weaknesses, is underrepresented genome-wide and significantly underrepresented in the codon signature for all contiguous codon sites in mammals, inverterbrates, plants, and fungi, but somewhat restricted to codon sites {1, 2} among protists helping in avoidance of stop codons. Th...
A large-scale investigation of V/STOL ground effects

A large-scale ground-effects test of a single jet in hover was conducted as a first-case study for future tests to provide the V/STOL community with an improved data base. The objectives for this single-jet hover test were to (1) document the jet characteristics and then (2) gather the associated force data. These data are then compared with results obtained from existing prediction methods. A conically convergent nozzle was mounted to a turbojet engine, and an 8-ft-diam suckdown-plate model measured the lift-loss forces in ground effect. Jet-exit characteristics (pressure profile, temperature, turbulence, etc.) are documented for several nozzle pressure ratios. Characteristics that may give rise to scale effects are discussed. Results from this first study indicate that small-scale tests, and current prediction methods, will lead to significant errors in the lift-loss estimation of a single-jet configured aircraft, hovering in ground effect.