cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning goal orientation buffers the effects of negative normative feedback on test self-efficacy and reattempt interest

Abstract Why do students differ in how they respond to negative feedback after performing poorly on an ability test? We conducted an experiment in which participants received bogus positive or negative normative feedback on a fake cognitive ability test. Consistent with social cognitive theory, participants who received negative feedback reported lower self-efficacy and interest in reattempting the test to earn a higher score. However, people with a high learning goal orientation, who value learning and mastery, were protected from the effects of negative feedback. Specifically, the effect of negative normative performance feedback on test reattempt self-efficacy and interest was significant and detrimental only when learning goal orientation was low. These results point to the importance of developing learning goal orientations to improve students' capacity to respond constructively to performance failures and negative feedback.
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome: Long-Term Prognosis

The long-term follow up of 6 patients and a review of the recent literature on the Landau-Kleffner syndrome (“acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder”) are reported from the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dijkzigt-Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Stability of Feedback Solutions for Infinite Horizon Noncooperative Differential Games

We consider a noncooperative game in infinite time horizon, with linear dynamics and exponentially discounted quadratic costs. Assuming that the state space is one-dimensional, we prove that the Nash equilibrium solution in feedback form is stable under nonlinear perturbations. The analysis shows that, in a generic setting, the linear-quadratic game can have either one or infinitely many feedback equilibrium solutions. For each of these, a nearby solution of the perturbed nonlinear game can be constructed.
Approximate file synchronization: Upper bounds and interactive algorithms

File synchronization is a critical component of many modern data sharing applications. File synchronization is particularly challenging when different versions of a file that need to be synchronized differ in some number of edits. Several recent works have studied exact synchronization under edit errors. In this paper, we extend the available analytical toolbox of file synchronization by focusing on a previously unaddressed case of approximate synchronization wherein the reconstructed file need not be the same as the original file, but rather only be within some predetermined distortion. We study the case when a binary file undergoes symbol-level deletion errors with some small deletion rate (so that the total number of deletions is linear in file length). We derive a simple upper bound on the optimal rate of information that the transmitter (owner of the original file) needs to provide to the receiver (owner of the edited file) to allow the receiver to reconstruct the original file to within a predefined target distortion. We then create an approximate synchronization algorithm based on interactive communication between the transmitter and the receiver, and analyze the expected normalized communication bandwidth of our algorithm for various target distortion levels. Lastly, we implement our algorithm and provide experimental results on the approximate synchronization of a noisy image.
The Examination of Two Web Site Usability Instruments for Use in B2C E-Commerce Organizations

This study used a B2C e-commerce simulation in an effort to validate two Web site usability instruments. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis found the first instrument exhibited moderately acceptable measurement properties, while the second instrument displayed poor validity for the suggested dimensions. Attempted validation of these instruments and the subsequent development of a more comprehensive measure of Web site usability should facilitate an organization's understanding of the strengths and weakness of their B2C Web sites in an increasingly competitive environment.
Generalized sensitivity analysis study in basin and petroleum system modeling, case study on Piceance Basin, Colorado

Abstract Basin and petroleum system modeling is an interdisciplinary endeavor, and utilizes integrated data to study sedimentary basins. Numerical models are constructed and simulated to quantitatively model the geodynamic processes in sedimentary basins. Often, the modeling process covers large spatial and temporal intervals with many uncertain input parameters. These can be continuous parameters characterized by certain statistical distribution, spatially distributed variables, or discrete parameters such as geological scenarios. Identifying sensitivities from these complex input model parameters and recognizing key uncertainties are crucial and challenging for basin modeling development and applications. The major contribution of this work is to introduce and implement efficient and accurate sensitivity analysis approach for basin and petroleum system modeling discipline. We investigated two types of sensitivity analysis methods and compared their performance for identifying the impact of uncertain parameters on both spatial and temporal model responses. The first approach utilizes the variance-based Sobol indices to quantify parameter sensitivities, while the second approach is a distance-based sensitivity analysis which utilizes the distance between model responses to determine sensitivities of different parameters. The sensitivity analysis approaches are illustrated through a basin modeling example involving the processes of sediment compaction, source rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation in the Piceance Basin, Colorado, US. Monte Carlo samples of the input uncertainties related to physical properties of the source rock, thermal boundary conditions, and geological setting scenarios are generated. Multiple basin models constructed using these uncertain input parameters are simulated across the geological time span, and time-varying model response (hydrocarbon generation from Lower Cretaceous to present-day) and spatial model response (pressure and porosity distribution at present-day) are obtained. Sensitive parameters that impact these spatio-temporal model responses are then analyzed. Results show that the distance-based sensitivity analysis approach could achieve similar results with fewer model runs compared to the variance-based Sobol method. Model responses in spatial and temporal domain are impacted by different uncertain input parameters. Subtle relationship between input parameters and model response could also be identified. In particular an unexpected link between chemical kinetics and porosity versus depth behavior was uncovered. The knowledge obtained from sensitivity studies enhance the understanding of the complex geological processes and can benefit the modeling development and forecast capability. Though the sensitivity results are case-specific, the approach and workflow are generally applicable to other basins and earth sciences modeling studies.
Tell Us Again, How Satisfied Are You? The Influence of Recurring Posttransaction Surveys on Purchase Behavior:

Service firms frequently contact customers after a transaction to solicit feedback and assess satisfaction with the service experience. Customers who have an ongoing relationship with a firm may receive satisfaction surveys after many or even most of their service encounters, yielding effects that are likely to be cumulative over time. Yet how these cumulative effects influence customer purchase behavior is not clear. Because satisfaction surveys serve a dual purpose of providing valuable customer feedback and incorporating bidirectional communication into relational marketing strategies, understanding their longer term effects is important. This study examines the influence of recurring posttransaction satisfaction surveys on purchase behavior at the individual customer transaction level using service transaction data and relational contact data spanning 3 years at a large North American automotive dealership. The findings reveal that repeatedly soliciting a customer’s feedback may have detrimental cumul...
Who Votes for Natural Resources in California

California is home to a long tradition of direct legislation, stretching back to 1911. Since then, more than 70 environmental policy measures have been placed on the statewide ballot. The vast majority of these measures have been concerned with natural resource (wildlife, land, water) management. Drawing on county-level returns, electoral returns, and surveys, this article uses ecological inference and logistic regression to show demographic and partisan patterns of support for environmental measures. Despite controls for various demographic and partisan characteristics, spatial differences in voter approval persist.
Effects of Temperature and Light Intensity on the Rate of Photosynthesis in a Green Alga

The purpose of this experiment is to measure, by a sensitive manometric method, the rate of photosynthesis in a unicellular green alga as a function of light intensity at two temperatures under conditions where carbon dioxide is in abundant supply. A very large part of the research on photosynthesis has been done with cultures of unicellular green algae, which afford several conveniences compared to terrestrial seed plants. The unicellular algae can be grown in defined inorganic culture media under standard and reproducible conditions; uniform, dense, very active samples can be prepared and pipetted as a liquid suspension; and rate of photosynthesis can be accurately measured as rate of oxygen production by sensitive manometric methods.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Proarrhythmia

A potential cardiac adverse reaction to drug therapy may be the induction or worsening of a brady or tachyarrhythmia. This is particularly the case for drugs that may have a direct action on cardiac electrophysiologic or hemodynamic parameters. In fact, all antiarrhythmic agents, though prescribed to suppress cardiac arrhythmias, have been documented to have the potential to aggravate or provoke arrhythmias.1,2
Analysis and Metallurgy of Manganese Nodules and Crusts

This paper presents an overview of recent research completed by the Bureau of Mines for manganese nodules and crusts collected from the Pacific Ocean. Included are elemental and mineralogical compositional analyses, methods of analysis for the minerals and wastes from processing, and process metallurgy. Data are presented for 16 major and minor elements and the three major mineral phases present in nodules and crusts. Methods of analysis for nodules and crusts and their tailings include physical, chemical, mineralogical, and leaching test procedures. Results of processing show varying recoveries of the metals cobalt, copper, manganese, and nickel.
The Patient in Precision Medicine: A Systematic Review Examining Evaluations of Patient-Facing Materials

Precision medicine (PM) has the potential to tailor healthcare to the individual patient by using their genetic information to guide treatment choices. However, this process is complex and difficult to understand for patients and providers alike. With a recent push in the healthcare community to understand the patient experience and engage patients in their care, it is important to give patients the opportunity to learn about PM. We performed a systematic review to identify previous work assessing the quality of patient-facing PM materials from 2008 to July 2018. Ten studies were identified, which used varying methods and measures. A qualitative assessment was conducted to compare key elements of the studies, including study design, characteristics of the participant population, what measurements were used to assess the PM materials, understandability, preference, psychological reactions, and the type of PM materials being assessed. The studies identified provide important groundwork by highlighting consistent aspects of design that aid in comprehension. Eight of the ten studies focused on the content and organization of genomic test results, while the remaining two assessed educational tools. Two main design elements that appeared across the studies were appropriately designed visual aids and simplified language. The studies identified were limited by the participant populations that were used, which were primarily white and well educated. Only one study attempted to oversample patient populations typically underrepresented in this type of research. Through our systematic review, it is evident that the breadth of knowledge in this field is limited in scope and that more work must be done to ensure that patients can engage in their care when faced with PM.
Are we studying the same block or not? A video is worth a thousand words.

To the e ditor , We write to advocate for the inclusion of supplementary video content as a routine part of any submissions to Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ( RAPM ) that involve a procedure. Numerous studies provide descriptions of an associated block technique, typically in the form of
THE ROLE OF INSTANTANEOUS FLOW RESERVE FOR THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS

We hypothesize that instantaneous flow reserve (iFR) is a useful tool when assessing patients for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with hepatic cirrhosis and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) despite being in a physiological state of maximal vasodilation. A 65 year old female with a
The Chiral de Rham Complex and Positivity of the Equivariant Signature of the Loop Space

In this note we show that the positivity property of the equivariant signature of the loop space, first observed in [MS1] in the case of the even-dimensional projective spaces, is valid for Picard number 2 toric varieties. A new formula for the equivariant signature of the loop space in the case of a toric spin variety is derived.
EMPAGLIFLOZIN REDUCES ENDOGENOUS GLYCEROL-DEPENDENT HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS IN VISCERALLY OBESE ADULTS WITHOUT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) disrupts glycerol-dependent pathways in hepatic gluconeogenesis pivotal to the development/progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Empagliflozin reduces weight and VAT indices in patients with T2DM. We aimed to determine the effects of empagliflozin treatment on
Two new species of streptanthus (brassicaceae) in southern california, and notes on their conservation

Herein I present the description of two new species, Streptanthus medeirosii N.Jensen from the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, and S. juneae N.Jensen from the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino County, each described based on phylogenetic, morphological, geographical, and ecological evidence. In order to distinguish S. medeirosii and S. juneae from similar species, I provide diagnoses, a table comparing morphological characters, a taxonomic key, and maps showing their geographic ranges. To enable these comparisons, I also designate lectotypes for two closely related species, S. bernardinus (Greene) Parish and S. campestris S.Watson.
DC-MEG Studies: Development of Techniques for Resolving DC Fields

Long duration magnetic field changes (DC) [1] in MEG may occur as a result of migraine [2], anoxia [3], epilepsy, closed head injuiy etc. These Field changes are easily masked by changes due to artifacts. It is therefore useful to separate the DC field changes of interest, i.e; arising from physiological phenomena, from those arising from external sources. The ability to measure these DC phenomena may lead to improvements in diagnosis and prognosis for treatment and recovery. With MEG we have successively measured DC field changes over periods of minutes to one hour. For these studies no absolute DC level can be established but shifts in (DC) levels over time can be recorded. However, we are presently developing new techniques to record changes of DC magnetic field amplitude which occur over a period of days or weeks. The problems that must be addressed to obtain meaningful DC measurements include arbitrary neuromagnetometer baseline, non-uniform residual magnetic field within the shielded room and the need to accurately reposition the subjects and control the distance between the cortex and sensor array. In this study, we describe results we have obtained for both experimental DC source models and actual DC field measurements recorded on human subjects on three consecutive days.
Detection of Mitragynine in Mitragyna Speciosa (Kratom) Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Handheld Devices

A simple, quick, selective, sensitive, and effective field-friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts has been developed for detecting mitragynine in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over 100 samples and blanks (known to be either positive or negative for the presence of mitragynine) were examined in duplicate using five identical handheld Raman spectrometers, which provided a data set of over 1,000 examinations. Based on the results of these analyses, the method yielded a true-positive rate of 99.3%, a true-negative rate of 97.9%, a false-positive rate of 2.1%, and a false-negative rate of 0.7%. The average minimum detectable concentration (Cm ) of mitragynine that reproducibly yielded a match for one of the library spectra on all five instruments was determined to be 342 ng/mL (ppb). This Cm value is a conservative estimate considering that the extraction process was not fully optimized by this study, which was not necessary since the Cm value achieved was well below typical mitragynine concentrations in kratom (1.3-2.3%). The method is ideal (i) for prioritizing samples for additional testing using other more time-consuming laboratory-based techniques needed to detect and quantify mitragynine and (ii) for field use at international mail facility (IMF) satellite laboratories to help interdict kratom and prevent this dangerous product from reaching the U.S. supply chain.
Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration.

Abstract Measurement of attentional performance in animal behavioral research allows us to investigate neural mechanisms underlying attentional processes and translate results to better understand human attentional function, dysfunction and drug treatments to reverse dysfunction. One useful method to measure attention in experimental animal studies is to use an operant visual signal detection paradigm, consisting of two levers and the rapid flashing of a cue lamp to signal a reward. In this study, we tested the relative sensitivity of this task when using different variants of the stimulus signal, varying brightness or duration of the light cue. To investigate roles of different neural systems underlying attentional processes, we assessed the sensitivity of attentional performance with these two different cue variations with blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine and NMDA glutamate receptors with scopolamine and MK-801 (dizocilpine). Operant signal detection was tested using a signal light that varied in intensity (0.027, 0.269, 1.22 lx) of the signal light or in a paradigm which varied the duration (0.5 s, 1 s, 2 s) of the signal light. Both methods of assessing attention showed construct validity for producing gradients of accuracy for signal detection; the dimmest cue led to less accurate responding compared to the brighter cues, and the shortest duration led to less accuracy compared to the longer durations. However, the tests differed in their sensitivity to pharmacological disruption. With the duration test, the high dose of MK-801 along with co-exposure of scopolamine and MK-801 caused a significant reduction of hit and rejection accuracy. Conversely, the intensity variation test did not show significant differences as a function of drug exposures. These data suggest that changes in signal duration, rather than signal intensity, during operant signal detection may have higher sensitivity to detecting drug effects and be a more useful technique for examining pharmacological interventions on attentional behavior and performance.
La flor de mi secreto : El deseo de la creación en Pedro Almodóvar

The Flower of My Secret (1995) stands out as one of the least cited films in Pedro Almodovar’s filmography. This absence of critical attention contrasts with the care that the director put into the construction of its characters and the consideration he paid to each of the details that made up this melodrama. The flower of my secret keeps many of Almodovar’s usual traits, but with a particular tone that makes this film a defining moment in his career, since it marks a transition in his creative process, it constitutes a before and an after in his filmic production. In this essay I analyze the trope of creation in The Flower of My Secret and explain the reasons why this film could be considered Almodovar’s most metafictional work, since it reflects on each of the elements that are part of his creative universe. The film is an eulogy to the process of both literary and cinematographic creation in the format of a melodrama; the viewer travels, in 103 minutes, across the tropes that constitute the Almodovarian universe, either explicitly or through allusion. The film pays tribute to its name.
Communication: Projected Hartree Fock theory as a polynomial similarity transformation theory of single excitations

Spin-projected Hartree-Fock is written as a particle-hole excitation ansatz over a symmetry-adapted reference determinant. Remarkably, this expansion has an analytic expression that we were able to decipher. While the form of the polynomial expansion is universal, the excitation amplitudes need to be optimized. This is equivalent to the optimization of orbitals in the conventional projected Hartree-Fock framework of non-orthogonal determinants. Using the inverse of the particle-hole expansion, we similarity transform the Hamiltonian in a coupled-cluster style theory. The left eigenvector of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is constructed in a similar particle-hole expansion fashion, and we show that to numerically reproduce variational projected Hartree-Fock results, one needs as many pair excitations in the bra as the number of strongly correlated entangled pairs in the system. This single-excitation polynomial similarity transformation theory is an alternative to our recently presented double excitation theory, but supports projected Hartree-Fock and coupled cluster simultaneously rather than interpolating between them.
From Linguistic Relativity to Script Relativity

This chapter reviews the evolution of the linguistic relativity hypothesis and how it was dismissed. The opponents of linguistic relativity misinterpreted the hypothesis itself and research results. With new interpretations and more scientific research findings, the hypothesis has gained rekindled interest in recent years. Empirical evidence for linguistic relativity is reviewed from the perspectives of first language influences on cognition, including color, motion, number, time, objects, and nonlinguistic representations, and from the prism of cross-linguistic influences. The chapter drives the discussion from linguistic relativity to the introduction to script relativity. The chapter ends with the claim that, among other factors that can explain cross-linguistic and cross-scriptal influences, script relativity has the greatest competitive plausibility to explain the consequences of reading.
Bulk Electric System Protection Model Demonstration with 2011 Southwest Blackout in DCAT

Protection equipment modeling is critical to power systems planning and operational studies; it enables more accurate system response when control actions, including protection relays and remedial action schemes (RASs), are adequately modeled and assessed. This paper incorporates a generic protection philosophy in the Dynamic Contingency Analysis Tool (DCAT), and demonstrates its effectiveness by modeling 2011 Pacific Southwest Blackout event autonomously.
The role of HFTs in order flow toxicity and stock price variance, and predicting changes in HFTs’ liquidity provisions

This study examines relations between high frequency trading, order flow toxicity, stock price volatility during normal and high order flow toxicity periods, and the predictability of changes in high frequency traders’ liquidity supply and demand. By employing volume-synchronized probability of informed trading (VPIN), a flow toxicity metric, we find a negative relation between high frequency trading and order flow toxicity. Our results also show that VPIN can be a good predictor of high frequency traders’ liquidity supply and demand changes. Finally, we find that high frequency traders’ impact on stock price variance is not uniform and change with order flow toxicity levels and stock volume.
Between nation and state: Boundary infrastructures, communities of practice and everyday nation-ness in the Chinese rail system:

This paper draws on thinking within political geography and science and technology studies to examine how the infrastructure of the Chinese rail system situates the practices of individual passenge...
Placentas delivered by pre-pregnant obese women have reduced abundance and diversity in the microbiome

Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity may have an impact on both maternal and fetal health. We examined the microbiome recovered from placentas in a multi-ethnic maternal pre-pregnant obesity cohort, through an optimized microbiome protocol to enrich low bacterial biomass samples. We found that the microbiomes recovered from the placentas of obese pre-pregnant mothers are less abundant and less diverse when compared to those from mothers of normal pre-pregnancy weight. Microbiome richness also decreases from the maternal side to the fetal side, demonstrating heterogeneity by geolocation within the placenta. In summary, our study shows that the microbiomes recovered from the placentas are associated with pre-pregnancy obesity. IMPORTANCE: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity may have an impact on both maternal and fetal health. The placenta is an important organ at the interface of the mother and fetus, and supplies nutrients to the fetus. We report that the microbiomes enriched from the placentas of obese pre-pregnant mothers are less abundant and less diverse when compared to those from mothers of normal pre-pregnancy weight. More over, the microbiomes also vary by geolocation within the placenta.
The effects of calcium hydroxide and activator chemistry on alkali-activated metakaolin pastes

Abstract The impact of calcium hydroxide as an additive in sodium hydroxide- and silicate-activated metakaolin pastes is presented with a primary aim to ascertain the specific effects of calcium on the reaction kinetics and phase formation. FTIR and XRD are employed to understand the interaction of calcium hydroxide (10 wt% replacement of metakaolin) in 1, 5 and 10 M NaOH-activated pastes (and equivalent molarity Na2SiO3-activated pastes), with a focus on its impact on the nanoscale properties of the sodium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (N-A-S-(H)) gel. In situ FTIR and ICC are used to assess the impact of calcium hydroxide on the reaction kinetics, including the rate of metakaolin dissolution and associated rate of N-A-S-(H) gel growth. It is found that calcium hydroxide is effective at accelerating the reaction kinetics of 5 M Na2SiO3-activated metakaolin due to the formation of an initial calcium-rich gel that promotes additional metakaolin dissolution and enhances N-A-S-(H) gel formation.
The SEC's Data Dilemma

Though the SEC's primary purpose is to regulate transactions involving securities, the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act gave it authority to oversee the data security practices of investment intermediaries (brokers, dealers, investment companies, and investment advisers). It used this authority to promulgate the Safeguards Rule (15 C.F.R. § 248.30) in 2000, which requires companies to adopt policies and procedures "reasonably designed" to protect sensitive data. Since then, the few actions it has brought under the Safeguards Rule have been inconsistent and, in several cases, overly harsh against companies that seemingly made good-faith efforts to protect their customers' sensitive data. This Paper argues that the SEC should amend the Safeguards Rule to focus on the procedures by which investment intermediaries develop their data security policies, rather than merely engaging in after-the-breach assessments of the "reasonableness" of the policies. Doing so would provide greater clarity and fairness to investment intermediaries, encourage investment intermediaries to work within their means to protect sensitive data, and make the SEC's enforcement role easier.
Abstract WP86: Early Detection of Aneurysm Growth by Volume and Surface Area Analysis Using 3D Modeling From CT Angiography

Introduction: Enlargement of unruptured aneurysms indicates an increased risk of rupture. Assessment of aneurysm growth is typically based on aneurysm max diameter. However, this method is often un...
Cranial Neuralgias in Children and Adolescents A review of the literature

Cranial neuralgias are a well-established cause of headache-related morbidity in the adult population. These disorders are poorly studied in general due to their relative rarity, particularly in children and adolescents, and they are likely underdiagnosed in these populations. Recognizing these disorders and differentiating them from more common headache disorders, such as migraine, is important, as secondary disease is common. This review will cover the basic epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of trigeminal, occipital, glossopharyngeal and other, less common, cranial neuralgias. We have reviewed pediatric case reports of these conditions. For trigeminal neuralgia, the most common of these disorders, we have compiled the clinical features and treatment response of previous reports.
Measurement of the EMC effect in the deuteron

We determined the structure function ratio ${R}_{\mathrm{EMC}}^{d}={F}_{2}^{d}/({F}_{2}^{n}+{F}_{2}^{p})$ from recently published ${F}_{2}^{n}/{F}_{2}^{d}$ data taken by the BONuS experiment using CLAS at Jefferson Lab. This ratio deviates from unity, with a slope $d{R}_{\mathrm{EMC}}^{d}/dx=\ensuremath{-}0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ in the range of Bjorken $x$ from 0.35 to 0.7, for invariant mass $Wg1.4$ GeV and ${Q}^{2}g1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. The observed EMC effect for these kinematics is consistent with conventional nuclear physics models that include off-shell corrections, as well as with empirical analyses that find the EMC effect proportional to the probability of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations.
Bush v Gore: Prolegomenon to an Assessment

The Supreme Court's decision terminating the Florida recount and, in consequence, effectively confirming George W Bush as President has been fiercely criticized by liberal critics. One theme of the critics, though directed less at the decision itself than at its effect, is that, had the recount continued, Al Gore would have been shown to be the "real winner" of the Florida presidential vote. That is incorrect. The recount ordered by the Florida Supreme Court might have given Gore a popular-vote majority. But the recount should never have been ordered. There was no basis for it in Florida law and no reason to believe that Gore had "really" won the election. The basis of that belief was a misunderstanding of statistics and of Florida law. A separate question, one I examine elsewhere,; is whether the U.S. Supreme Court should have intervened. Separate, but not unrelated; that the Florida court was acting arbitrarily was the premise of the equal protection argument that the Supreme Court eventually accepted, and that it was acting in violation of Florida law was the premise of the Article II argument that three Justices found persuasive and that I consider the stronger of the two arguments.
Thermodynamic Data for the Hydrolysis of Adenosine Triphosphate as a Function of pH, Mg2+ Ion Concentration, and Ionic Strength

Abstract Equations are set up to calculate the observed standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP (namely, ΔGobs, the quantity evaluated on the basis of total ATP, ADP, and orthophosphate concentrations at equilibrium, irrespective of the state of ionization or complex formation, or both) as a function of pH and Mg2+ ion concentration. The variation of ΔGobs is analyzed in terms of ΔG, the standard free energy change with respect to the 1 molal standard states for the H+ and Mg2+ ions, and the driving force due to the prevailing H+ and Mg2+ ion concentrations with data extrapolated to zero ionic strength so that the standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes are free from minor contributions arising from unspecific ionic interactions. The variation of ΔG is then discussed in terms of the component enthalpy and entropy changes for the individual hydrolysis equilibria which predominate over the pH range 6 to 9 as first the ATP, then the ADP, and finally the orthophosphate are converted into Mg2+ complexes. The calculations, based on data for the glutamine synthetase and hydrolysis reactions, lead to a revised value for ΔGobs at pH 7.5, 25°, and µ = 0.2 of -10.7 kcal per mole. Series of values are listed in an appendix for various ionic strengths at 25° and 37° over the pH range 6 to 9 with Mg2+ concentrations up to 50 mm, from which ΔGobs for other reaction conditions can be obtained by interpolation.
Privacy Enhanced Access Control for Outsourced Data Sharing

Traditional access control models often assume that the entity enforcing access control policies is also the owner of data and resources. This assumption no longer holds when data is outsourced to a third-party storage provider, such as the cloud. Existing access control solutions mainly focus on preserving confidentiality of stored data from unauthorized access and the storage provider. However, in this setting, access control policies as well as users’ access patterns also become privacy sensitive information that should be protected from the cloud. We propose a two-level access control scheme that combines coarse-grained access control enforced at the cloud, which provides acceptable communication overhead and at the same time limits the information that the cloud learns from his partial view of the access rules and the access patterns, and fine-grained cryptographic access control enforced at the user’s side, which provides the desired expressiveness of the access control policies. Our solution handles both read and write access control.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Treatment of Foods

This chapter elaborates the role of nitric oxide in treatment of foods. Nitric oxide (NO) is the compound responsible for the color and stability of cured meats, and may be involved in the anticlostridial action of nitrate added to some cheeses. NO has also been implicated as a major constituent in the headspace gases of swollen cans of spinach and green beans. In cured meats, NO is generated by microbial reduction of nitrate, or by enzymatic or nonenzymatic reduction of nitrite. The three major advantages of nitrite use in cured meats are to develop pink cured meat color, to inhibit rancidity, and to inhibit growth of C. botulinum and other food pathogens or food spoilage organisms. This chapter begins with a discussion on historical use of nitrate and nitrite in cured meats. It explains concepts related to nitric oxide as an antioxidant in cured meats. It also describes nitrite and nitric oxide as antimicrobial agents. An overview of direct application of nitric oxide to meats is also presented in this chapter. The chapter elaborates in detail about nitrate prevention of “LATE GAS” defect in cheese. The chapter concludes with a discussion on nitric oxide in swollen cans of green beans and spinach.
Tc-MYBPA is an Arabidopsis TT2-like transcription factor and functions in the regulation of proanthocyanidin synthesis in Theobroma cacao

The flavan-3-ols catechin and epicatechin, and their polymerized oligomers, the proanthocyanidins (PAs, also called condensed tannins), accumulate to levels of up to 15 % of the total weight of dry seeds of Theobroma cacao L. These compounds have been associated with several health benefits in humans. They also play important roles in pest and disease defense throughout the plant. In Arabidopsis, the R2R3 type MYB transcription factor TT2 regulates the major genes leading to the synthesis of PA. To explore the transcriptional regulation of the PA synthesis pathway in cacao, we isolated and characterized an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor MYBPA from cacao. We examined the spatial and temporal gene expression patterns of the Tc-MYBPA gene and found it to be developmentally expressed in a manner consistent with its involvement in PAs and anthocyanin synthesis. Functional complementation of an Arabidopsis tt2 mutant with Tc-MYBPA suggested that it can functionally substitute the Arabidopsis TT2 gene. Interestingly, in addition to PA accumulation in seeds of the Tc-MYBPA expressing plants, we also observed an obvious increase of anthocyanidin accumulation in hypocotyls. We observed that overexpression of the Tc-MYBPA gene resulted in increased expression of several key genes encoding the major structural enzymes of the PA and anthocyanidin pathway, including DFR (dihydroflavanol reductase), LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase) and BAN (ANR, anthocyanidin reductase). We conclude that the Tc-MYBPA gene that encodes an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor is an Arabidopsis TT2 like transcription factor, and may be involved in the regulation of both anthocyanin and PA synthesis in cacao. This research may provide molecular tools for breeding of cacao varieties with improved disease resistance and enhanced flavonoid profiles for nutritional and pharmaceutical applications.
Successful hypospadias repair in infants using brief urinary diversion and watertight neourethral closure.

AbstractSince July 1982, 23 children between 10 and 28 months old underwent correction of hypospadias. After chordee was resected the urethral orifice was in the perineum in 3, at the penoscrotal junction in 5, on the proximal or mid shaft in 10 or at the distal shaft in 5. The neourethra was fashioned from a transverse island pedicle of preputial skin for proximal hypospadias or by using Mustarde’s technique for distal hypospadias. A perforated silicone tube was left in the urethra and a feeding tube was passed through the lumen of the urethral stent to drain the bladder. Up to 4 days later the bladder catheter was removed and the children voided per the neourethra. The urethral stent was removed between 6 and 30 days postoperatively. Voiding through a recently constructed urethra was well tolerated. The boys did not experience bladder spasms, urinary extravasation did not occur and cosmetic results were good. Meatal stenosis did not occur. Three children (13 per cent) required closure of a fistula, whic...
Safety Measures and Accidental Poisoning

The battle ground of accidental poisoning seems to be constantly active, at least in these columns,1 and I should like to add a note to the controversy between Dr. Scherz and Dr. Margolis about the relationship of environmental hazard to the incidence of accidental poisoning. Dr. Scherz states that there are no published studies supporting the thesis that environmental hazard is not a significant variable. I wish to correct Dr. Scherz. In 19692 I published a paper in this Journal in which I demonstrated that home safety and the frequency of poisoning were unrelated in 397 children whose families were studied in depth.
SuperPipe: next generation of high speed trunks

With the traffic demand increasing there will be a need for terabit routers to do the switching. In addition point-to-point links of several hundred gigabytes connecting them. Due to technological limitations these links are limited to 40Gbps currently. To bypass the limitations of technology, several parallel 10G links connecting a router pair are bundled together and treated as a single link or a high-speed trunk. Several schemes exist but have limitations. This paper introduces a novel new way of implementing high-speed link called SuperPipe and describes how it is superior to existing implementations.
Ronda que te ronda, hacia dónde

Hoja por hoja. Luz Mary Giraldo. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota, 2002, Coleccion Viernes de poesia num. 15, 58 pags.
Accelerating the energy retrofit of commercial buildings using a database of energy efficiency performance

Abstract Small and medium-sized commercial buildings can be retrofitted to significantly reduce their energy use, however it is a huge challenge as owners usually lack of the expertise and resources to conduct detailed on-site energy audit to identify and evaluate cost-effective energy technologies. This study presents a DEEP (database of energy efficiency performance) that provides a direct resource for quick retrofit analysis of commercial buildings. DEEP, compiled from the results of about ten million EnergyPlus simulations, enables an easy screening of ECMs (energy conservation measures) and retrofit analysis. The simulations utilize prototype models representative of small and mid-size offices and retails in California climates. In the formulation of DEEP, large scale EnergyPlus simulations were conducted on high performance computing clusters to evaluate hundreds of individual and packaged ECMs covering envelope, lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, plug-loads, and service hot water. The architecture and simulation environment to create DEEP is flexible and can expand to cover additional building types, additional climates, and new ECMs. In this study DEEP is integrated into a web-based retrofit toolkit, the Commercial Building Energy Saver, which provides a platform for energy retrofit decision making by querying DEEP and unearthing recommended ECMs, their estimated energy savings and financial payback.
Building Houses Out of Chicken Legs: Black Women, Food, and Power by Psyche A. Williams-Forson/African American Foodways: Explorations of History and Culture edited by Anne L. Bower

(2008). Building Houses Out of Chicken Legs: Black Women, Food, and Power by Psyche A. Williams-Forson/African American Foodways: Explorations of History and Culture edited by Anne L. Bower. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 527-530.
Small incision surgical iridotomy and iridectomy.

Purpose To describe a minimally invasive method to create a full-thickness surgical iridectomy.
Acceleration of hepatic regeneration with prior stress and growth hormone.

Laparotomy, carried out 6 hr prior to partial hepatectomy, accelerates the entire response curve of DNA precursor uptake in the regenerating liver. Pretreatment with bovine growth hormone, 6 hr prior to partial hepatectomy, accelerates slightly and elevates the level of DNA precursor uptake in regenerating liver, forming an early sharp peak. The effects of both stimulae administered concurrently in the same animal, are additive, resulting in a 6-hr acceleration of the appearance of the first wave, and an approximately 9-hr acceleration of the second wave of DNA precursor uptake during regeneration. In male rats without adrenocortical function (adrenalectomized-castrated) growth hormone still produces augmentation of DNA precursur uptake in regenerating liver.
Counselors in Private Practice: A Survey Report

A questionnaire was mailed to every marriage counselor, child guidance specialist, and psychologist listed in the yellow pages of Florida telephone directories. The replies were used to describe the profession of private practice counseling. Sixty-seven percent of the sample replied. It was found that several professions offer counseling as a service, but there is not yet an established profession of private practice counseling.
Cardiac chloride channels

Cardiac chloride channels, once largely ignored, are the subject of renewed exploration. Consequently, their molecular identities and electrophysiologic properties are being defined and have revealed a distinct family of ionic channels capable of uniquely influencing the cardiac action potential. Targeting these channel proteins may provide novel antiarrhythmic strategies.
Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging

In medical and other important applications, it is desirable to achieve transmissive ultrasonic 3D imaging in “real time.” Until now, transmissive ultrasonic images have been possible, but either in real time 2D or relatively slow 3D. By using an ultrasonic stereo camera and a real time viewing system, live and interactive 3D transmissive ultrasonic images have been produced. Fast transmissive ultrasound tomography has been achieved by using a single ultrasonic camera. Some advantages and applications are discussed.
Positron Annihilations at the Galactic Center: Stringent Constraint on Positron Injection Energies

The intense 0.511 MeV gamma-ray line emission from the Galactic Center observed by INTEGRAL requires a large annihilation rate of nonrelativistic positrons. The emission is strongly concentrated at the Galactic Center (GC), in contrast to gamma-ray maps tracing nucleosynthesis (e.g., the 1.809 MeV line from decaying 26Al) or cosmic ray processes (e.g., the 1-30 MeV continuum), which reveal a bright disk with a much less prominent central region. If positrons are generated at relativistic energies, higher-energy gamma rays will also be produced from inflight annihilation of positrons on ambient electrons. The comparison of the gamma-ray spectrum from inflight annihilation to the observed diffuse Galactic gamma-ray data constrains the injection energies of Galactic positrons to be less than 3 MeV.