cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wet/Dry Cycling Effects on Soil Contaminant Stabilization with Apatite and Fe(0)

Efficacy of stabilizing Ce, Co, and Pb by adding apatite and zero-valent FeFe0 to contaminated wetland sediments was quantified under oxidizing and reducing conditions. The redox status and the general water chemistry of the oxidized and reduced treatments differed greatly, yet the influences of the amendments on contaminant stabilization were quite similar; both amendments significantly p0.05 reduced aqueous contaminant concentrations. Based on resin sorption studies and thermodynamic calculations, Ce is believed to exist primarily as cationic species and Co as cationic, neutral, and organically complexed species. Based on a series of selective extractions, almost 50% by weight of the Co and Pb were already strongly bound to the sediment, thereby limiting the potential and need of affecting additional immobilization through the use of amendments. Fe0 and combined Fe0 and apatite additions tended to increase the in situ desorption Kd values more than apatite-only additions.
On the Good, the True, the Beautiful, in Law

N THE first two lectures of this series, I tried to show the succession of overemphasis on one, another, and ever another vital phase of the institution of law, in presenting what the thinker, his public, or both, took to be a rounded view of the whole; and I suggested that the needs of a man within himself, and of his times around him, made the swing from exaggeration to exaggeration all but inevitable.
Treating the Abused Child

In most clinical settings, treatment for child abuse rarely focuses solely on the victim, which is inherently sensible since the perpetrator of abuse must also be treated if the risk for re-abuse is to be significantly reduced. Particularly in the area of physical abuse, treatment has largely focused on abusive parents, whereas little has been written about the treatment of child victims. (For a discussion of treatment of the child abuser, see Chapter 11 in this volume.) More recently, however, our understanding of how to treat abused children has increased as data have begun to accumulate regarding the impact of abuse on victims.
Modulation of Somatodendritic Dopamine Release by Endogenous H2O2: Susceptibility in Substantia Nigra But Resistance in VTA

We showed previously that dopamine (DA) release in dorsal striatum is inhibited by endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we examined whether endogenous H2O2 can also modulate somat...
Child welfare and Title VI

the public. Such a reversal in national policy has not occurred since the be ginning of the New Deal, when Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed the Committee on Economic Security. The report of that committee, released in the midst of the Great Depression, laid the foundation for the Social Security Act of 1935, which signaled a vast in crease in the federal undertaking to provide for the social welfare needs of the public.1 Now, nearly fifty years later, the so-called economic recovery program of the Reagan Administration has signaled an opposite shift—the im pact of which cannot be overstated—in the role of government in the social welfare of American citizens.
Facial Weakness, Otalgia, and Hemifacial Spasm: A Novel Neurological Syndrome in a Case-Series of 3 Patients With Rheumatic Disease.

Bell palsy occurs in different rheumatic diseases, causes hemifacial weakness, and targets the motor branch of the 7th cranial nerve. Severe, persistent, and refractory otalgia having features of neuropathic pain (ie, burning and allodynic) does not characteristically occur with Bell palsy. Whereas aberrant regeneration of the 7th cranial nerve occurring after a Bell palsy may lead to a variety of clinical findings, hemifacial spasm only rarely occurs. We identified in 3 rheumatic disease patients (2 with Sjogren syndrome, 1 with rheumatoid arthritis) a previously unreported neurological syndrome of facial weakness, otalgia with neuropathic pain features, and hemifacial spasm. We characterized symptoms, examination findings, and response to therapy. All 3 patients experienced vertigo, as well as severe otalgia which persisted after mild facial weakness had completely resolved within 1 to 4 weeks. The allodynic nature of otalgia was striking. Two patients were rendered homebound, as even the barest graze of outdoor breezes caused intolerable ear pain. Patients developed hemifacial spasm either at the time of or within 3 months of facial weakness. Two patients had a polyphasic course, with recurrent episodes of facial weakness and increased otalgia. In all cases, otalgia and hemifacial spasm were unresponsive to neuropathic pain regimens, but responded in 1 case to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. No patients had vesicles or varicella zoster virus in spinal-fluid studies. We have defined a novel neurological syndrome in 3 rheumatic disease patients, characterized by facial weakness, otalgia, and hemifacial spasm. As described in infectious disorders, the combination of otalgia, facial weakness, and 8th cranial nerve deficits suggests damage to the geniculate ganglia (ie, the sensory ganglia of the 7th cranial nerve), with contiguous involvement of other cranial nerves causing facial weakness and vertigo. However, the relapsing nature and association with hemifacial spasm constitute a unique part of this neurological syndrome.
Isolation of a potent sodium-retaining substance from adrenal venous blood of the dog.

SummaryA substance has been isolated from the adrenal venous blood of dogs which is approximately 25 times as potent as DOCA in producing sodium retention in adrenalec-tomized rats. It has not been established with certainty that this substance is pure. The material is slightly less polar than cortisone, exhibits an absorption maximum at 240 m/x, does not react with the phenylhydrazine reagent described by Porter and Silber, and does react with a phenylhydrazine reagent developed in this laboratory. The substance shows absorption maxima at 285 and 390 m/x when mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Challenges in DMD™ Assembly and Test

The Digital Micromirror DeviceTM (DMDTM) developed at Texas Instruments is a spatial light modulator composed of 500,000 to 1.3 million movable micromachined aluminum mirrors. The DMDTM serves as the engine for the current generation of computer-driven slide and video projectors, and for next generation devices in digital television and movie projectors. The unique architecture and applications of the device present several packaging and test challenges. This paper provides a description of package humidity modeling and verification testing, as well as an overview of the automated optical testing and test equipment that have been developed to support manufacturing of the DMDTM.
A Simple Iteration Algorism for Generating cos nx and sin nx

(1961). A Simple Iteration Algorism for Generating cos nx and sin nx. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 271-273.
Surgical Management of a Functional Paraganglioma of the Infratemporal Fossa

Background Paragangliomas are rare neural crest tumors that can manifest in the head and neck as either functional or more commonly as nonfunctional lesions. Paragangliomas of the infratemporal fossa are exceedingly rare, with no more than a handful of documented cases. Like other tumors of this space, surgical management is challenging on account of complex anatomy and nearby critical structures. Methods A 44-year-old man presented with a right infratemporal fossa functional paraganglioma. Following preemptive embolization and autonomic pharmacotherapy, his tumor was successfully resected via a transfacial maxillary swing approach. Results This case highlights the surgical management of a functional paraganglioma of the infratemporal fossa while demonstrating the effectiveness of a transfacial maxillary swing approach for both exposure and resection. Conclusion Although this report summarizes much of the literature on paragangliomas, there is still much to uncover regarding the fundamental features and genetic etiology of these lesions.
User Attention with Head-Worn Displays

Recently there has been a surge of interest in wearable devices both in industry and academia. This includes the introduction of head-worn devices into everyday life. Head-worn devices have the advantage of containing a screen that is easily seen by the wearer at all times, in contrast with other device screens, which can be hidden in pockets or simply easily ignored. However, during certain activities it can be difficult to get the wearer to notice messages even when presented through head-worn devices. For certain applications, it may be important that the user does not miss a particular notification or warning. Not much is known about which methods work best to attract the users' attention in such situations. We describe results from two user studies to determine the best method to catch the attention of a user with a head-worn display.
Preliminary Study on Formal Verification Method for HLA Federation

Beginning with analysis of research works about HLA federation VVA techniques and application in software engineering of formal methods, a formal method based on temporal logic was proposed. This method could be used to check the correctness and logicality of interaction between federates during the stage of developing the federation conceptual model and executing the federation. At last, it is indicated that formal verification method is in favor of improving the creditability, reliability and consistency of HLA federation, but its application is restricted because of special knowledge and automatic computer assisted tools.
Asymmetric N,N′-ethylene-bridged azole-based compounds: Two way control of the energetic properties of compounds

Reactions of various energetic pyrazole, triazole and tetrazole salts with 1-(2-bromoethyl)-5-aminotetrazole, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, resulted in new asymmetric N,N′-ethylene-bridged azole-based energetic compounds having diversified functionalities and properties. The availability of the aminotetrazole moiety for conversion to nitroimino(tetrazole) provides a route for further modifying energetic properties. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, NMR [1H, 13C{1H}, 15N], elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Some were also further characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Impact and friction sensitivities were measured and heats of formation and detonation performances were calculated. Results show that combination of different energetic heterocycles broadens options for the design of desirable energetic compounds.
Structural/Property Relationships of the Mixed Electronic/Ionic Conductors Based on Lanthanum Gallate

This paper examines the physical and electrochemical properties of lanthanum gallate doped with a number of metal ion species. XRD, Raman spectroscopy and solid state NMR were used to study these systems. The effect of temperature and oxygen partial pressure was also studied on some Co-doped systems, and it was observed that the p-type conductivity increased with increasing Co-content (due to the variable valency of Co).
Review: tegaserod or alosetron is effective for the irritable bowel syndrome.

Source Citation Brandt LJ, Bjorkman D, Fennerty MB, et al. Systematic review on the management of irritable bowel syndrome in North America. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:S7-26. 12425586
Making Sense of UCC Section 9-332(B)

The common law requirements for an effective “pledge” of a bank account were difficult to satisfy and typically required that the secured party deprive the debtor of access to the funds on deposit. Revised Article 9 removed these impediments and, except in consumer transactions, enabled debtors to create security interests in bank accounts and other deposit accounts in the same way in which they create security interests in other collateral, by authenticating a security agreement containing a description of the collateral.To insure that widespread security interests in deposit accounts neither interrupt the free flow of funds through the payment system nor impair the willingness of payees to accept payment from deposit accounts, revised Article 9 added § 9-332(b), which addressed the rights of recipients of funds paid from an encumbered deposit account: “A transferee of funds from a deposit account takes the funds free of a security interest in the deposit account unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party.”Judicial opinions construing § 9-332(b) have raised a host of issues concerning its interpretation. They include the following: Who qualifies as a “transferee of funds from a deposit account”? What is a “transfer” of funds? Which security interests does § 9-332(b) affect? What does it mean to “act[ ] in collusion with the debtor”? A difference of opinion has arisen with respect to certain issues, leading to unnecessary uncertainty. Many opinions contain an analysis that is incomplete, if not just plain wrong, and some misconstrue the official comments on which they rely. The cases reveal no pattern; some erroneously deprive transferees of the protection to which § 9-332(b) entitled them; others afford protection to transferees who were not entitled.After a brief history of the development of § 9-332, this Article provides a thorough analysis of the section, its underlying policies, and the case law construing it. This Article explains where the courts have followed the law and where they have gone astray, in the hope that future opinions will construe the statute properly.
A Numerical Algorithm for Optimal Control of Systems with Parameter Uncertainty

Abstract: This paper describes a numerical scheme for computing optimal solutions to a class of nonlinear optimal control problems in which parameter uncertainty may be a feature of the state dynamics or objective function. Consistency results are provided for states and controls generated by the algorithm as well as for the adjoint variables.
Modeling excess zeros and heterogeneity in count data from a complex survey design with application to the demographic health survey in sub-Saharan Africa:

Purpose To show a novel application of a weighted zero-inflated negative binomial model in modeling count data with excess zeros and heterogeneity to quantify the regional variation in HIV-AIDS prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. Methods Data come from latest round of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in three countries (Ethiopia-2011, Kenya-2009 and Rwanda-2010) using a two-stage cluster sampling design. The outcome is an aggregate count of HIV cases in each census enumeration area of each country. The outcome data are characterized by excess zeros and heterogeneity due to clustering. We compare scale weighted zero-inflated negative binomial models with and without random effects to account for zero-inflation, complex survey design and clustering. Finally, we provide marginalized rate ratio estimates from the best zero-inflated negative binomial model. Results The best fitting zero-inflated negative binomial model is scale weighted and with a common random intercept for the three countries. Rate ratio estimates from the final model show that HIV prevalence is associated with age and gender distribution, HIV acceptance, HIV knowledge, and its regional variation is associated with divorce rate, burden of sexually transmitted diseases and rural residence. Conclusions Scale weighted zero-inflated negative binomial with proper modeling of random effects is shown to be the best model for count data from a complex survey design characterized by excess zeros and extra heterogeneity. In our data example, the final rate ratio estimates show significant regional variation in the factors associated with HIV prevalence indicating that HIV intervention strategies should be tailored to the unique factors found in each country.
Identity Economics: How our Identities Shape our Work, Wages, and Well-being

Identity economics of the Akerlof–Kranton variety was born in 1995. It has been discussed in the academy and has received significant attention from forward-looking economists. This book brings the...
The Study of Rational Politics

This chapter presents a study of rational politics, which is politics involving the calculation of advantage and disadvantage by rational actors in situations of conflict, resulting in choices whose consequences affect significant numbers of people and the actions of governments. To act rationally means, in general terms, to choose better alternatives over worse ones. As the ranking of alternatives depends on an actor's goals, rationality cannot be divorced from the goals that give it direction. To be rational is to strive for what one desires—or at least to act as if one were pursuing some end. But it is not simple to determine exactly what a rational course of action is that satisfies these desires or ends in a particular situation. Also, it is no mean task to check that a certain course of action was actually selected in order to test empirical hypotheses derived from a rational-choice model. The rationality assumption explains political behavior well, including that which seems on occasion paradoxical. Indeed, insofar as rational-choice models illuminate non-obvious aspects of politics, the use of these models seems justified. The study of rational politics encourages a useful dialogue, even if the goals of scientists and reformers—not to mention the practitioners of politics—differ.
Understanding what makes terrorist groups’ propaganda effective: an integrative complexity analysis of ISIL and Al Qaeda

ABSTRACTThe Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) became an increasingly powerful terrorist organisation in a relatively short period of time, drawing more recruits than its former affiliate, Al Qaeda. Many have attributed ISIL’s successful expansion in part to its extensive propaganda platform. But what causes terrorist groups to be effective in their communication to the public? To investigate, we examined one aspect of terrorists’ rhetoric: Integrative complexity. In particular, this historical examination provides a broad integrative complexity analysis of public statements released by key members of ISIL and Al Qaeda over a 10-year period when ISIL was rapidly growing as a terrorist entity (2004–2014). Findings revealed that (a) ISIL demonstrated less complexity overall than Al Qaeda (p < .001) and (b) ISIL became increasingly less complex over this focal time period (p < .001), while Al Qaeda’s complexity remained comparatively stable (p = .69). Taken together, these data suggest that as ISIL ...
Life History, Growth, Survival, and Secondary Production of Ancyronyx variegatus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in Elk Creek, Erie County, Pennsylvania, USA

Abstract Larvae and adults of Ancyronyx variegatus (Germar, 1824) were collected monthly from Elk Creek, Erie County, Pennsylvania, USA. Ancyronyx variegatus has a univoltine life cycle with six instars. Primary recruitment months were April, May, and June, and adults were present throughout the year. The annual secondary production of A. variegata in Elk Creek was 0.55784 g/m2/yr. The mean standing stock biomass was 0.14296 g/m2, and the cohort production/biomass ratio was 3.902. The estimate of secondary production is important because it combines individual growth and population survivorship into a single measurement, which leads to a better understanding of the ecological importance of A. variegatus in the wood-dwelling aquatic insect community.
Elucidation of Covalent Modifications and Noncovalent Associations in Proteins by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses elucidation of covalent modifications and noncovalent associations in proteins by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). ESI–MS provides powerful insight into the structure of intact proteins and their enzymatically derived peptides. ESI affords a distribution of multiply charged molecular ions that may be analyzed by, for example, conventional quadrupole mass analyzers. The elucidation of primary structure of unknown proteins is one important area of application. The gentle nature of the ESI process permits noncovalent associations of some proteins to be probed by this technique. Proteins are folded into specific molecular conformations maintained by noncovalent interactions. Proteins interact with other molecules to form complex structures, accounted for by noncovalent interactions within and between macromolecules. ESI–MS has demonstrated the capability for examining a range of protein noncovalent interactions. ESI–MS can be used to study protein dimers and peptide–protein associations. The chapter discusses use of ESI–MS to analyze a variety of noncovalently bound complexes.
Connecting the Dots Towards Collaborative AIED: Linking Group Makeup to Process to Learning

We model collaborative problem solving outcomes using data from 37 triads who completed a challenging computer programming task. Participants individually rated their group’s performance, communication, cooperation, and agreeableness after the session, which were aggregated to produce group-level measures of subjective outcomes. We scored teams on objective task outcomes and measured individual students’ learning outcomes with a posttest. Groups with similar personalities performed better on the task and had higher ratings of communication, cooperation, and agreeableness. Importantly, greater deviation in teammates’ perception of group performance and higher ratings of communication, cooperation, and agreeableness negatively predicted individual learning. We discuss findings from the perspective of group work norms and consider applications to intelligent systems that support collaborative problem solving.
Verbal Memory Dysfunction in Depressed Outpatients With and Without Borderline Personality Disorder

This study contrasts memory functions with emotional words between two groups of patients presenting with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD)—20 patients with a comorbid diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 20 patients without BPD—and a group of 20 community adult controls. BPD patients showed poorer recall and recognition memory performances than controls, while MDD patients and controls did not differ significantly on these tasks. BPD patients showed a lower accuracy of recognition memory than MDD patients, despite negligible differences between the two patient groups in the severity of depressive symptoms and in the general level of psychopathology. Controls and BPD patients showed positive word selectivity in recall, while MDD patients showed nonsignificant selectivity differences. These findings provide additional data regarding memory disturbances specific to MDD versus BPD. The selectivity differences are consistent with theories of mood-congruent memory in depression and may serve as a cognitive marker for differentiating BPD from prototypical MDD.
Research on the Biochemical Basis of Platelet Function

Within the past few years there has been a great increase in platelet research by scientists with diverse interests. This is in part because of the relevance of platelet research to major health problems, but also because platelets have proved to be excellent subjects for research into many fundamental cell processes (e.g., contractility, secretion, prostaglandin synthesis, cell adhesion, and cytoplasmic regulatory mechanisms). In this chapter, we briefly summarize the current concepts of platelet function and evaluate the status of research into the biochemical basis of key platelet processes. Our emphasis is on topics that we believe represent the most active areas of platelet research at the molecular level. Reference citations are not complete, but have been selected to validate major points and to refer the reader to more detailed discussions. We regret that space does not permit us to acknowledge many of the key papers that have played such vital parts in developing our understanding of platelets.
Abstract 2700: Reduced Ejection Fraction is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Adults with Left Ventricular Noncompaction Syndrome

Introduction Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy thought to result from intrauterine arrest of myocardial compaction which has been associated with and increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, appropriate identification of at-risk individuals and risk-stratification is lacking, particularly in patients diagnosed during adulthood. We sought to identify high-risk patients wtih LVNC in order to guide therapy. Hypothesis That patients with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) would have worse outcomes than those with preserved left ventricular function. Methods We reviewed outcomes in all patients diagnosed with LVNC at Mayo Clinic between 2001 through 2006. Data were prospectively entered into a centralized database and retrospectively analyzed. Mortality was compared to age and sex matched population rates. Results A total of 80 patients were diagnosed with LVNC during this interval. After exclusion of pediatric patients (n = 21), 59 adult patients (62% male; age 46 ± 19 years, range 18–83) were analyzed. There were 4 deaths in this group (none due to stroke, mortality 18% at 2 years) during follow-up (mean 13.0 ± 13.5 months, range 0–52). Overall survival of patients with LVNC was worse than age and sex matched controls (Minnesota population p 35% (n = 35, p = 0.02). Overall LVEF was 41 ± 16% but was lower in patients who died compared to survivors (26 ± 10% vs. 42 ± 15%; Hazard ratio = 2.0 for a decrease in ejection fraction of 10%, p = 0.12). There were no deaths in patients with LVEF > 50% (n = 17). Conclusion Survival of adults with LVNC is worse than expected for age and sex. A decrease in ejection fraction is associated with increased risk of death in this population. These data suggest that patients diagnosed with LVNC and reduced LVEF may benefit from ICD implantation, whereas patients with a normal LVEF may be observed.
Determination of the Optimal Location for Developments to Minimize Detention Requirements

A methodology is presented to determine the optimal locations to place various types of developments in a watershed to reduce the changes in flow rates and volume from natural to developed conditions. An optimization model is developed which incorporates the hydrology (based upon rational method computations and a lag routing method) as constraints. The non-linear programming (NLP) model can be solved using Microsoft Excel (generalized reduced gradient (GRG)) procedure, or other NLP software. This model is meant to serve as a planning tool to help develop best management practices for regulatory agencies and to reduce cost of drainage facilities for developers. The model was applied to two examples to show its applicability and usefulness using Excel NLP software, which should enhance the availability of the modeling approach.
Adaptive Teaching during Reading Instruction: A Multi-Case Study.

Adaptive teaching is considered a cornerstone of effective literacy teaching. Research has explored this dynamic aspect of classroom instruction and has found that given recent educational reform e...
The Design and Validation of a Novel Intravenous Microdialysis Probe: Application to Fluconazole Pharmacokinetics in the Freely-Moving Rat Model

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a concentric, flexible intravenous microdialysis probe to determine drug concentrations in blood from the inferior vena cava of a freely-moving animal model.
Sinus Node Dysfunction.

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) encompasses a broad array of disturbances of sinus node or sinoatrial (SA) function that result in chronic or intermittent periods of slow or fast heart beating. Sinus node dysfunction may be the result of conditions that directly alter sinus node or SA structure, such as ischemic changes, fibrosis or infiltrative diseases, or extrinsic factors, such as drugs or autoimmune disturbances. In children and young adults, intrinsic SA disease has been most commonly associated with presumed direct sinus node damage due to previous atrial surgery, such as closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs), and most importantly, after atrial switch procedures for transposition of the great arteries. However, SND has been observed in patients with unoperated congenital heart disease and even in apparently normal children and adolescents. Thromboembolism is the single most important cause of mortality in SND. Its incidence ranges from 15% to 38%. Regarding therapy of SND, pacemaker therapy may be appropriate in some cases, drug suppression of arrhythmias in others, and both strategies may be required in many individuals. Anticoagulation is critical for treatment of many individuals with SND, particularly those with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. In general, pacemaker therapy is indicated and has proven to be highly effective in patients with SND when bradyarrhythmia has been demonstrated to account for symptoms.
Differential Use of Narcotics in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Matched Analysis Between Osteoarthritis and Femoral Neck Fracture

Abstract Background The United States is currently in an opioid epidemic as it consumes the majority of narcotic medications. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the incidence and risk factors for prolonged opioid usage following total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to hip fracture (Fx) or osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The PearlDiver database was reviewed for patients undergoing THA from 2007 through the first quarter of 2017. Following a 3:1 match based on comorbidities and demographics, patients were divided into THA due to Fx (n = 1801) or OA (n = 5403). Preoperative and prolonged postoperative narcotic users were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify demographics, comorbidities, or diagnoses as risk factors for prolonged opioid use and preoperative and postoperative opioid use as risk factors for complications. Results One thousand seven hundred ninety-four OA patients (33.2%) were prescribed narcotics preoperatively and 1655 patients (30.6%) were using narcotics postoperatively, while 418 Fx patients (23.2%) were prescribed narcotics preoperatively and 499 patients (27.7%) were using narcotics postoperatively. Diagnosis of Fx (odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.72, P Conclusion Diagnosis of femoral neck fracture and overall preoperative narcotic use were significant predictors of chronic postoperative opioid use. Patients with significant risk factors for opioid dependence should receive additional consultation and more prudent follow-up with regards to pain management. Level of Evidence Therapeutic, Level III.
CSF volume provocation maneuvers during lumbar puncture as a possible predictive tool for diagnosing spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Abstract Objectives Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a pathologic state of low CSF volume caused by a CSF to venous fistula or CSF leak. It is diagnosed based on symptoms, imaging, and CSF pressure but is often a diagnostic challenge because no single test is highly sensitive. Physician-induced changes in CSF volume may result in changes in patient symptoms, as has been shown with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity of CSF volume provocation maneuvers in the diagnosis of SIH. Patients and Methods We reviewed consecutive patients that underwent lumbar puncture from January 2015 to January 2017. Patients were included if they met ICHD3 criteria for SIH and CSF volume provocation maneuvers were performed. Cases were considered concordant if there was improvement of symptoms with addition of CSF. Results 1084 patients underwent 2250 CT-guided lumbar punctures from January 2015 to January 2017. 92 patients with SIH were identified and 62 of these patients underwent CSF volume provocation maneuvers. 58% (36/62) had concordant lumbar puncture encounters with symptom improvement upon addition of artificial CSF. Conclusion CSF volume provocation maneuvers demonstrate 58% sensitivity for identifying patients with SIH, better than those reported for CSF opening pressure and myelography. A positive symptomatic response to CSF volume provocation maneuvers was independent of the other objective tests used for SIH and may aid in the often-challenging diagnostic workup of these patients. Future prospective case-controlled studies are needed.
Umbilical Hernia Repair

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for umbilical hernia repair as performed by the open approach. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: skin incision, dissection, and reduction of the hernia sac, closure of the hernia defect by primary closure, and closure of the skin.
Perspective: Climate Change and the Relocation of Indonesia's Capital to Borneo

Indonesia has recently announced the relocation of the country’s capital from the island of Java to the island of Borneo. Java’s limited sustainability is evident from extreme deforestation, biodiversity loss, intense road traffic, and high pollution. Jakarta, Indonesia’s current capital on Java, is both one of the most densely populated cities in the world, and one of the most threatened by climate change. Negative impacts upon Jakarta due to climate change could affect its economy, human health, and biodiversity. These negative factors could be transferred from Jakarta to Borneo, at least partially, during the early stages of moving the capital. Borneo currently houses one of the largest remaining forested areas in Southeast Asia and is considered to be a biodiversity hotspot. However, despite its biological importance, ~30% of Borneo has been deforested in the last 50 years. Borneo also has high rates of biological endemism, but some of its emblematic endemic species are critically endangered. We argue that Indonesia’s announcement to re-locate the capital is one of the first examples of systematic, mass migration expected to occur linked to the climate change crisis. Unless a multidisciplinary and sustainable transition is implemented, the establishment of a new capital in Borneo could be a major biodiversity catastrophe. Research is urgent in Borneo to determine the status quo of its ecosystems for a large-scale, before-after assessment of the human-footprint to better understand processes in the Anthropocene.
Rapid detection of Escherichia coli in aqueous samples by metabolic induced change in pH

Escherichia coli bacteria are a source of food related illness. If irrigation water is contaminated by fecal matter runoff, crops may become infected prior to harvesting, processing, or packaging. Existing test methods require 16-48 hours for confirmation of bacterial infection in the irrigation water. Therefore, providing a means for a rapid detection of water borne coliform and E. coli within a typical workday of 8-10 hours would allow a preventative response. We have developed a method to determine bacteria presence by a measure of metabolic activity with a spectral analysis system. Metabolic activity of live bacteria will appear as a drop in solution pH in a relatively short time frame during the growth phase of the cultured bacteria. A blue LED is used to excite fluorescein fluorescence in the bacterial growth media. The fluorescence exhibits pH sensitive spectral properties within a range of pH 4-7. Unmixing of the fluorescence spectral profile yields the pH and confirms a growing bacteria culture. Results can be provided in hours instead of days, depending on the initial concentration of living bacteria.
Evaluation of Conducted EMI in GaN and Si based Isolated DC/DC Converters

Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors are ideally suited for isolated dc/dc converters that employ soft switching technology. Their faster switching speeds promote higher commutation frequencies while lower on-resistances improve efficiency. Many authors have demonstrated these strengths in a variety of topologies and applications. However, side-by-side comparisons of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by WBG based and Si based isolated dc/dc converters are relatively limited. This research evaluates the EMI generated by the dual active bridge (DAB) converter and the LLC converter for both silicon (Si) and gallium nitride (GaN) based iterations. The power supply ratings are 400 V to 48 V at power levels up to 1 kW. Comparisons of the conducted EMI and efficiency are provided for the four prototypes. The preliminary findings indicate that GaN devices are able to improve the efficiency of isolated dc/dc converters with minimal impact on the conducted EMI.
Mild dehydration following voluntary water intake reduction does not affect anaerobic power performance.

BACKGROUND Dehydration is common among athletes. The negative impact of dehydration on aerobic performance is well characterized. However, little is known about the effect of dehydration on anaerobic performance particularly when dehydration results from insufficient water intake, not water loss due to body temperature regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dehydration on anaerobic performance following voluntary water intake reduction. METHODS Fifteen healthy adults completed two exercise sessions, euhydrated (EUD) and dehydrated (DEH). Sessions consisted of baseline anthropometric and blood lactate measurement followed by a 30-second Wingate test and three vertical jump trials to measure anaerobic performance. Additional blood lactate measurements were taken immediately and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after taking the Wingate test. RESULTS The dehydration protocol resulted in a reduction in body mass (EUD 69.1±17.2 kg, DEH 68.1±16.6 kg, P=0.039). The 30-s Wingate peak power (EUD 971±302 W, DEH 960±316 W, P=0.578) was not different between conditions, nor was the vertical jump height (EUH 26.4±4.5 cm, DEH 26.6±3.6 cm, P=0.778). Blood lactate (P<0.001) was elevated immediately following the 30-s Wingate test which remained throughout the trial. There were no differences in blood lactate between conditions. CONCLUSIONS Acute anaerobic power and exercise performance is not negatively affected by voluntary dehydration.
Practitioner preferences for sex estimation from human skeletal remains

Abstract Estimation of sex is generally the first step when constructing the biological profile of an unidentified individual, primarily because most of the methods currently used for ancestry, stature, and age estimation are sex-specific. Current methods used to estimate sex consist of either quantitative measures of skeletal elements, or qualitative observations of gross morphology, primarily of the pelvis and skull. Despite attempts for standardization, the methods employed and the ways in which the results are reported for biological profile parameters vary considerably by practitioner. In many forensic cases, both metric and morphological methods are employed for sex estimation to generate the biological profile. Inconsistency within forensic anthropology for sex estimation method preferences, method applications, and subsequent result reporting is problematic in light of the Daubert decision and raises questions of methodological protocol for sex estimation and consistency within the field. An electronic questionnaire was created and participants were recruited via email through a bulk list serve distribution from professional organizations that included forensic anthropologists, or through announcement of the research on these organizations’ websites. Responses were received from 152 individuals. The findings from this research highlight the high degree of variability in the methods used for sex estimation and the need for standardization within the field.
Co-occurring trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from grades 1 to 12: Longitudinal associations with teacher-child relationship quality and academic performance.

This investigation examined patterns of codeveloping internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence (i.e., Grades 1 to 12). Subgroups of children with heterogeneous developmental trajectories (i.e., pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems) were identified and their long-term associations with teacher-child relationship quality and academic (math and reading) performance were assessed. Findings were based on a sample of 784 children (52.6% girls) who were followed from Grade 1 (Mage = 6.57) to Grade 12 (Mage = 17.57). Children’s internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and teacher-child relationship quality were assessed annually from Grades 1 to 12, and their academic performance was assessed from Grades 1 to 9. Results revealed four distinct trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems including chronic co-occurring, moderate co-occurring, pure-externalizing, and low-risk groups. Children with chronic co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems exhibited more sustained teacher-child conflict, lower teacher-child warmth, and lower math and reading performance. Children with pure externalizing and moderate co-occurring problems were also at risk for scholastic difficulties, but to a lesser magnitude than children with chronic co-occurring problems. Compared to children in the low risk group, those in all three risk groups exhibited patterns of scholastic maladjustment that were either sustained or worsened after the transition to middle school. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Abstract A05: RAS signaling promotes ERMS cell viability via sustaining TAZ expression and protein stability

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric cancer characterized by skeletal muscle histogenesis, with the embryonal histologic variant (ERMS) being the most common. Mutations of the RAS pathway are found in 40-60% of ERMS patient specimens, and as in other human cancers the RAS protein is currently not druggable, and inhibition of downstream RAS effector pathways fails due to compensating signaling. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the dysregulated signaling in RAS-driven ERMS (rERMS). Hippo signaling was originally identified for its role in controlling organ size and tissue homeostasis, but it is now known to also have a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. In ERMS patients, higher YAP1 gene expression correlates with a poor prognosis, and in vitro and in vivo studies using ERMS cell lines and mouse models also show that YAP1 supports ERMS cell and tumor growth. Whether and how the YAP1 paralog WWTR1 (TAZ) contributes to rERMS tumorigenesis remains understudied. Our initial studies examining ERK suppression (genetic inhibition via shRNA or pharmacologic inhibition via trametinib) showed that this slowed rERMS cell growth and proliferation, and induced rERMS cell differentiation. However, we also found CTGF and CYR61 (downstream targets of YAP1/TAZ) significantly repressed upon trametinib treatment. While YAP1 appeared unaffected, trametinib treatment significantly suppressed TAZ at both the mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Suppression of TAZ with shRNA decreased rERMS cell growth and proliferation, suggesting that sustained TAZ expression is crucial for rERMS cell viability. Interestingly, there was no change in the activity of MST and LATS. Our next focus will be on the mechanism of ERK-mediated TAZ expression, with a potential role for glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta as a mediator of TAZ degradation. In summary, these studies identify a new role for RAS signaling in promoting rERMS cell survival via TAZ expression. Citation Format: Liz Yi-Tzu Lin, Corinne Linardic. RAS signaling promotes ERMS cell viability via sustaining TAZ expression and protein stability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A05.
Overcoming Resistance to Drugs Targeting KRASG12C Mutation.

Activating KRAS mutations are present in 25% of human cancer. Although oncogenic Ras was deemed "undruggable" in the past, recent efforts led to the development of pharmacological inhibitors targeting the KRASG12C mutant, which have shown promise in early clinical trials. The development of allele-specific K-RasG12C inhibitors marked a new chapter in targeting oncogenic KRAS mutant in cancer. However, drug resistance against these new drugs will likely limit their efficacy in the clinic. Genome-wide approaches have been used to interrogate the mechanisms of resistance to K-RasG12C inhibitors, which would facilitate the development of therapeutics overcoming drug resistance. This article reviews the latest progress in resistance to K-RasG12C-targeted therapies and aims to provide insight in future research targeting drug resistance in cancer.
Race- and Sex-Specific Population Attributable Fractions of Incident Heart Failure: A Population-Based Cohort Study From the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project

Background: Race- and sex-specific differences in heart failure (HF) risk may be related to differential burden and effect of risk factors. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF), ...
A pairwise distance distribution correction (DDC) algorithm to eliminate blinking-caused artifacts in SMLM.

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) relies on the blinking behavior of a fluorophore, which is the stochastic switching between fluorescent and dark states. Blinking creates multiple localizations belonging to the same fluorophore, confounding quantitative analyses and interpretations. Here we present a method, termed distance distribution correction (DDC), to eliminate blinking-caused repeat localizations without any additional calibrations. The approach relies on obtaining the true pairwise distance distribution of different fluorophores naturally from the imaging sequence by using distances between localizations separated by a time much longer than the average fluorescence survival time. We show that, using the true pairwise distribution, we can define and maximize the likelihood, obtaining a set of localizations void of blinking artifacts. DDC results in drastic improvements in obtaining the closest estimate of the true spatial organization and number of fluorescent emitters in a wide range of applications, enabling accurate reconstruction and quantification of SMLM images. Distance distribution correction (DDC) eliminates repeat localizations caused by fluorophore blinking without the need for calibrations. Use of DDC yields accurate and quantifiable single-molecule localization microscopy data.