cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure dependence of final-state effects in deep inelastic neutron scattering: Quasiclassical theory

Using a quasiclassical approximation, we calculate the Q..-->..infinity limit of S(Q,..omega..) for finite potentials with a hard core. For yequivalentm(..omega..-h-dash-barQ/sup 2//2m)/h-dash-barQ, we find QS(Q,..omega..) equals a convolution of the impulse-approximation result F/sub IA/(y) with a ''final-state'' resolution function, R/sub FS/(y), which depends on the structure of the material through the radial distribution function g(r). For realistic g(r), R/sub FS/(y) has smaller full width at half maximum than the Hohenberg-Platzman prediction, zero second moment, and no Lorentzian wings. We compare with previous theoretical work, and we discuss the determination of momentum distributions in quantum solids and fluids from deep-inelastic neutron scattering data.
Effect of Moloney Virus on Protein-Bound Iodine Levels in CFW Mice

SummaryProtein-bound iodine levels were determined on CFW mice inoculated with Moloney Leukemia Virus. When frank microscopic evidence of leukemia appeared in several animals, all inoculated animals and their controls were sacrificed. Hematoxylin and eosin sections were made from the spleen adn thymus of each animal, and the degree of microscopic involvement with leukemia noted. The difference in the mean PBI between virgin controls and virgin inoculated mice was not significant at the 5% level. Even though the mean PBI between the control animals and the inoculated animals as a group was not significant, a significant inverse correlation at the 5% level was demonstrated between the amount of leukemic involvement of the spleen or thymus and the PBI. The maximum increase in PBI occurred prior to microscopic involvement with leukemia and trended lower as microscopic evidence of splenic and thymic involvement appeared.
DURATION OF THE STAGES IN MICROSPORE DEVELOPMENT AND IN THE FIRST MICROSPORE DIVISION OF TRADESCANTIA PALUDOSA

THE EXTENSIVE USE of Tradescantia paludosa as experimental plant material, especially in investigations involving the first microspore division in which radiations, gases and chemical substances were used, has necessitated a more detailed study of the morphological stages and the nuclear cycle in the developing microspore, including a time sequence correlation of these events. Specific information which makes possible the identification of stages of development during treatment will enable the investigator to interpret more accurately the physiological changes caused by radiation and allow a comparison with the radiological effects on mitotic activity in other materials. The literature reports of microsporogenesis in Tradescantia reveal no experiments in which the temperature was held constant, nor experiments in which the morphological stages were correlated with their duration other than in a general way. In addition, no detailed information is available about duration of stages in the first microspore division. The following general reports have been given for duration of meiosis, microsporogenesis and gametophyte development: (Summer and winter observations are given separately, since Sax (1938) and Sax and Swanson (1941) state that the duration of the nuclear cycle in the winter may be twice as long as during the summer.) Summer: For meiosis6 days, 7 days; for microspore development up to nuclear division-7 days; for microspore development up to metaphase of nuclear division-6 days, 7 days; microspore resting stage-5 days, 4-5 days, 5-6 days; microspore prophase-1 day, 26 hr., 30 hr., 27-31 hr. Winter: For meiosis-14 days; for the developing microspore-10 days, 12 days, 14 days; for prophase of microspore division-48 hr., 60-70 hr. (Sax and Edmonds, 1933; Sax, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1942; Sax and Swanson, 1941; Yost, 1950.) More detailed information was reported by Steinitz (1944) on the duration of the stages of meiosis in T. paludosa. Cut inflorescences kept in a laboratory which varied from 180-230C. were used. Steinitz found the dura'ion of meiosis from paired prophase to the end of the tetrad stage to be 52 hr: paired prophase-14.8 hr., diakinesis2.3 hr., metaphase 1-2.5 hr., anaphase 1-0.6 hr., interphase-5.9 hr., metaphase 11-3.0 hr., metaanaphase 11-0.1 hr., anaphase 11-1.0 hr., and tetrad-21.8 hr. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-Tradescantia palu-
Culture and Contradiction: The Case of Americans Reasoning about Marriage

In a view that is popular in and out of anthropology nowadays, cultural variation can be expected to proliferate unchecked, resulting in as many different variants as there are subject-positions. Moreover, in this view, individuals themselves are sites of multiple cultural constructions having different historical roots and often conflicting with one another. Dorinne Kondo, in a clear and unequivocal example of this position, declares in the introduction to Crafting Selves that she will "attempt to avoid positing in advance the unproblematic existence of a unified, rational, coherent, bounded subject, looking instead to see 'selves' as potential sites for the play of multiple discourses and shifting, multiple subjectpositions" (1990:44). She goes on to caution, "It is important to realize that conflicts, ambiguities, and multiplicities in interpretation, are not simply associated with different positionings in society-though of course this is a critically important factor-but exist within a 'single' self," and to speak of "paradoxes and multiplicities of self (1990:45). Cultural sharing is unattended to, in this view, and, indeed, inexplicable. I wish to examine a case of cultural sharing. Such sharing is not at all unexpected in my view of culture as an integral part of human adaptation to the world. Viewed this way, one reason cultural
Statewide survey of 911 communication centers on acute stroke and myocardial infarction.

Objective. We conducted a statewide survey of communication centers regarding practices, training, andoutreach for stroke andmyocardial infarction (MI) andexplored differences for those that were Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) certified or not. Methods. A survey was mailed to all 115 centers that dispatched for emergency medical services (EMS) in North Carolina. Seventy-four percent (85/115) returned the survey. Results. For 31% of centers, all telecommunicators were EMD-certified, 28% of centers had some personnel certified, and41% had no personnel certified. Forty-four percent of centers used dispatch guides or algorithms to aid telecommunicators. If telecommunicators suspected a stroke, 47% of the centers provided prearrival instructions andif they suspected an MI, 49% provided prearrival instructions. In the past 2 years, 27% of the telecommunicators received stroke-specific training and29% received MI-specific training. Stroke or MI training for telecommunicators was more common among the EMD cente...
A New Approach for Contingency Determination in a Portfolio of Construction Projects

In this paper, a new approach for contingency determination in a portfolio of construction projects is proposed. The model proposed helps an agency find the level of confidence needed for individual projects to ensure that the portfolio budget will meet the minimum level of confidence based on available funding and the agency’s policy goals. The promise of this model is to protect a portfolio of projects against cost overrun by adjusting their original budgets. A Bayesian approach is employed to update the model on regular intervals. As more information becomes available in the future, the required adjustment in portfolio budget will be reduced, because the accuracy of estimating the contingency is improved. The proposed model is an effective tool for the agencies/owners to develop contingency budgets.
EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED ANTITHYROID THIOUREYLENES ON PCNA AND P53 EXPRESSION IN PSORIATIC LESIONS

Background. Antithyroid thioureylenes are effective agents in the oral and topical treatment of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Method. The effect of oral treatment with 6-n-propyl 2-thiouracil (propylthiouracil, ptu) and 2-mercapto 1-methyl imidazole (methimazole, mmi) on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and p53 protein expression was studied in patients with stable plaque psoriasis. Results. Following treatment with ptu and mmi, pcna staining in psoriatic epidermis was significantly decreased. P53 was minimally expressed in untreated lesions, and treatment with PTU and MMI did not enhance P53 expression in the psoriatic lesions. Conclusions. Since pcna is a marker of cellular proliferation and p53 inhibits cellular cycling, some of the beneficial effects of ptu and mmi in psoriasis may depend on the ability of the drugs to impair cellular turnover, perhaps by binding to the triiodothyronine (T3) receptor. These effects may be in addition to the previously described effects of ptu and mmi as immune modulators and free radical scavengers.
Intraocular lens dislocation in the bag.

Abstract We report a case in which an intraocular lens dislocated entirely within the capsular bag. The patient was myopic with a large anterior segment. A standard 5 mm × 6 mm phaco profile intraocular lens was found to be completely dislocated on the fifth postoperative day. The dislocated lens was replaced with another posterior chamber intraocular lens sutured at the ciliary sulcus.
Hypoalgesia induced by the local injection of carbachol into the nucleus raphe magnus

The medial region of the caudal medulla which contains the nucleus raphe magnus and magnocellular reticular formation has been demonstrated to modulate pain perception. Recent reports from this laboratory have shown that neurons in this region are under tonic inhibitory control by noradrenergic neurons. The excitability of neurons in the raphe magnus and adjacent reticular formation may also be controlled by cholinergic neurons since there is evidence that cholinergic terminals are located in the medial region of the caudal medulla. The present study was designed to examine this possibility by microinjecting carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, into the region of the nucleus raphe magnus. The results indicate that the injection of carbachol into the caudal brainstem produces dose-dependent hypoalgesia, i.e. decreased pain sensitivity. This hypoalgesia appears to be mediated by cholinergic muscarinic receptors since it was reversed by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. The cholinergic innervation of the raphe magnus does not appear to be important in the maintenance of nociceptive threshold since injection of atropine alone did not alter pain responses.
Adenosine receptor antagonists inhibit the development of morphine sensitization in the C57BL/6 mouse.

Abstract We examined the effects of adenosine antagonists on the development of morphine sensitization in C57BL/6 mice. Adenosine antagonists or vehicle were repeatedly co-administered intraperitoneally with morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to mice once every other day for 9 days. Two days later, a 10 mg/kg morphine-only challenge was administered to each group. Consistent with sensitization, mice receiving morphine alone developed enhanced ambulatory activity responses to subsequent morphine administrations and, upon morphine-only challenge, had a significantly greater response to morphine than vehicle pretreated animals. The non-selective adenosine antagonist, caffeine, at 10 and 20 mg/kg but not at 5 mg/kg, attenuated the development of sensitization during co-administration with morphine and also following morphine-only challenge. The adenosine A 1 selective antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-xanthine (PACPX), at 0.001 and 0.002 mg/kg but not at 0.2 mg/kg, similarly attenuated the development of morphine sensitization. We propose a mechanism which involves an adenosine receptor role in the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Testicular dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus—infected men

This review pertains to gonadal function in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who often exhibit clinical and biochemical evidence of hypogonadism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism appears to be the most commonly encountered abnormality, although complete anterior pituitary insufficiency and primary gonadal failure have been reported. Levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are either unchanged or increased. Plasma levels of estrogens, progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and prolactin vary. Pathologically, except for involvement by opportunistic infections, no significant abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitary area has been described, but evidence of orchitis is commonly present. The cause(s) of these abnormalities remains unclear. The possible factors leading to hypogonadism in HIV-infected men include HIV infection itself, opportunistic infections, chronic debilitating illness, and effects of cytokines on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Further studies are needed to clarify the cause(s) of testicular dysfunction in HIV-infected men and its clinical significance, treatment, relevance to the progression of HIV infection, and influence on the immune system.
Effect of language on heart attack and stroke awareness among U.S. Hispanics.

Background Hispanics with acute heart attack or stroke have longer delay times to hospital arrival, and are thus less likely to benefit from time-dependent reperfusion therapies. Delay time is influenced largely by recognition of warning symptoms and activation of the 911 system. Previous studies suggest poor symptom recognition among racial/ethnic minorities, but very little is known about heart attack and stroke knowledge among Hispanics, or the influence of English language proficiency on cardiovascular emergency awareness. Methods Cross-sectional analysis (conducted in 2005) of data from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System population survey was limited to states with Spanish-language interviews. Principal study outcomes were the correct identification of five heart attack and five stroke warning symptoms, and intention to call 911 for a suspected event. Subjects included 698 English-speaking Hispanics, 527 Spanish-speaking Hispanics, and 24,201 non-Hispanics. Results Spanish-speaking Hispanics are far less likely to know all heart attack symptoms (7%) than English-speaking Hispanics (23%), non-Hispanic blacks (28%), and non-Hispanic whites (39%) ( p p p Conclusions Lack of English proficiency is strongly associated with lack of heart attack and stroke knowledge among Hispanics. This highlights the need for educational intervention about cardiovascular emergencies targeted to Spanish-speaking communities.
INTERELECTRODE CAPACITANCE NONLINEARITIES IN VERTICAL POWER DMOSFETS

Extensive numerical simulations were performed to understand interelectrode capacitance characteristics of vertical power DMOSFETs. Two-dimensional simulations indicate large capacitance-voltage nonlinearities, especially for the gate-to-drain Miller capacitance Cgd. Capacitance-voltage characteristics are explained in terms of a simple equivalent circuit that relates each capacitance component to its physical origin.
Impaired absorption of micellar long-chain fatty acid in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

Diminished absorption of micellar long-chain fatty acid in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with controls was demonstrated during perfusion of the proximal small bowel with a micellar solution of long-chain fatty acid. Since parallel experiments showed no difference in absorption of medium-chain fatty acids, the results suggest impairment of the mucosal transport of long-chain fatty acid in cirrhosis. We suggest that this abnormality, possibly related to portal or lymphatic hypertension, contributes to fat malabsorption and malnutrition in these patients.
Total Variation Asymptotics for Refined Poisson Process Approximations of Random Logarithmic Assemblies

Assemblies are decomposable combinatorial objects characterized by a sequence mi that counts the number of possible components of size i. Permutations on n elements, mappings from a set containing n elements into itself, 2-regular graphs on n vertices, and set partitions on a set of size n are all assemblies with natural decompositions. Logarithmic assemblies are characterized by constants θ > 0 and κ0 > 0 such that miκi0/ (i−1)! → θ. Random mappings, permutations and 2-regular graphs are all logarithmic assemblies, but set partitions are not.Given a logarithmic assembly, all representatives having total size n are chosen uniformly and a component counting process C(n) = (C1(n), C2(n), …, Cn(n)) is defined, where Ci(n) is the number of components of size i. Our results also apply to C(n) distributed as the Ewens sampling formula with parameter θ. Denote the component counting process up to size at most b by Cb(n) = (C1(n), C2(n), …, Cb(n)). It is natural to approximate Cb by Zb = (Z1, Z2, …, Zb), the b-dimensional process of independent Poisson variables Zi for which the ith variable has expectation EZi = miκi0 exp((1−θ)i/n)/i!. We find asymptotics for the total variation distance between Cb(n) and Zb.
Varieties of Anti-Fascism: Britain in the Interwar Period

Nigel Copsey and Andrzej Olechnowicz (Eds), Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 304 pp., ISBN 9780230006485 (£55.00) Varieties of Anti-Fascism provides a much needed reappraisal of British anti-...
Enriques Surfaces, Analytic Discriminants, and Borcherds's Φ Function

In [Bor 96], Borcherds constructed a non-vanishing weight 4 modular form Φ on the moduli space of marked, polarized Enriques surface of degree 2 by considering the twisted denominator function of the fake monster Lie algebra associated to an automorphism of order 2 of the Leech lattice fixing an 8-dimensional subspace. In [JT 94] and [JT 96], we defined and studied a meromorphic (multi-valued) modular form of weight 2, which we call the K3 analytic discriminant, on the moduli space of marked, polarized, K3 surfaces of degree 2d; in certain cases, including when , where p k are distinct primes, our meromorphic form is actually a holomorphic form. Our construction involves a determinant of the Laplacian on a polarized K3 surface with respect to the Calabi-Yau metric together with the L 2 norm of the image of the period map with respect to a properly scaled holomorphic two form. Since the universal cover of any Enriques surface is a K3 surface, we can restrict the K3 analytic discriminant to the moduli space of degree 2 Enriques surfaces. The main result of this paper is the observation that the square of our degree 2 analytic discriminant, viewed as a function on the moduli space of degree 2 Enriques surfaces, is equal to the Borcherd's Φ function, up to a universal multiplicative constant. This result generalizes known results in the study of generalized Kac-Moody algebras and elliptic curves, and suggests further connections with higher dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties, specifically those which can be realized as complete intersections in some, possibly weighted, projective space.
Space shuttle main engine meets test objectives

The second, full-duration test of the space shuttle's main propulsion system was conducted successfully on February 28, at the NASA test site in Mississippi. Officials responsible for shuttle propulsion system development said afterwards that all test objectives had been met during the 555-second firing. Cited as noteworthy was the fact that the three main engines used in the test were successfully gimballed (steered) while they were being throttled back from 100% to 70% thrust, the first time that maneuver had been attempted.
Dynamics of Vapor-phase Organophosphates on Silicon and OTS

We have performed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) study of the uptake and nanotribology of organophosphate (tricresylphosphate (TCP) and t-butyl phenyl phosphate (TBPP)) layers adsorbed from the vapor phase onto amorphous and polycrystalline silicon and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treated silicon substrates. The materials were selected for their relevance to MEMS applications. About 3–5 monolayer-thick organophosphate films are observed to form readily on both silicon and OTS-treated silicon. The coatings moreover exhibit mobility in the form of interfacial slippage or viscoelasticity in response to the oscillatory motion of the QCM, implying that enhanced tribological performance may be expected in MEMS applications.
Direct visualization of Escherichia coli chemotaxis receptor arrays using cryo-electron microscopy

Signal transduction in bacterial chemotaxis is initiated by the binding of extracellular ligands to a specialized family of methyl-accepting chemoreceptor proteins. Chemoreceptors cluster at distinct regions of the cell and form stable ternary complexes with the histidine autokinase CheA and the adapter protein CheW. Here we report the direct visualization and spatial organization of chemoreceptor arrays in intact Escherichia coli cells by using cryo-electron tomography and biochemical techniques. In wild-type cells, ternary complexes are arranged as an extended lattice, which may or may not be ordered, with significant variations in the size and specific location among cells in the same population. In the absence of CheA and CheW, chemoreceptors do not form observable clusters and are diffusely localized to the cell pole. At disproportionately high receptor levels, membrane invaginations containing nonfunctional, axially interacting receptor assemblies are formed. However, functional chemoreceptor arrays can be reestablished by increasing cellular levels of CheA and CheW. Our results demonstrate that chemotaxis in E. coli requires the presence of chemoreceptor arrays and that the formation of these arrays requires the scaffolding interactions of the signaling molecules CheA and CheW.
Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Nonhomogeneous Liquids

Small-scale electrohydrodynamic flows were investigated in a configuration where the motive force derives from charge generated in an electrolyte composition gradient. Using a thin Hele-Shaw cell filled with aqueous electrolyte, we studied flow through a disc-shaped bolus whose conductivity differed from that of the surrounding solution. When an ac electric field was applied, a thin layer of free charge arose from differences in conductivity between the bolus and its surroundings. The action of the field on the charge produced bulk flow, and since material interfaces were absent, the bolus deformed continuously. Deformations were prolate or oblate, depending on the conductivity of the bolus relative to the surrounding electrolyte. Modeling the flow with the Hele-Shaw formalism showed how electrical forces produce motion. To indicate the sense of the deformation-prolate or oblate with respect to the applied field-a discriminating function was derived. The discriminating function reduces to the Taylor-Melcher leaky dielectric model under the appropriate limiting conditions. Experiment and theory are in good agreement. The flows described here occur in the absence of rigid interfaces and equilibrium charge layers. Accordingly, they offer a means of controlling microfluidic flow and mixing.
The behavior of the African killifish, Aphyosemion gardneri: normative studies

The behaviors of maleAphyosemion gardneri observed during interactions with female and maleA. gardneri are described. First order transition matrices based on data collected during these interactions were used to construct behavioral flow diagrams. These flow diagrams show that sequences of sexual behaviors are less variable than sequences of aggressive behaviors. The position of acts in a typical sequence may be used in determining the level of activation of the behavioral system associated with those acts. Complexity and energy expenditure of behaviors tends to increase within sequences.
Dialogic communication in the health care context: A case study of Kaiser Permanente's social media practices

Abstract This case study examines how one of the largest not-for-profit health care organizations in the US, Kaiser Permanente, uses social media to communicate with its stakeholders. Through content analysis and interviews, this study identifies the communication models reflected in a sample of social media posts and examines the organization's approach to using social media. The study finds evidence of both one-way and two-way communication models, as well as principles of dialogic communication. The implications of these findings are discussed.
H2O heating in molecular clouds - Line transfer and thermal balance in a warm dusty medium

An investigation is undertaken into the possibility of the heating of molecular gas through collisions with radiatively pumped H2O, in the context of the overall thermal balance of optically thick molecular clouds with embedded sources. In order to solve the line transfer equation, which includes warm dust grains, an extended method of escape probability approximation is developed in which the equilibrium gas temperature arises from the balance of heating by cosmic ray ionization of H2, and by collisions with warm dust grains and radiatively pumped H2O molecules against cooling by collisions with CO and C I. The equilibrium gas temperature for a given dust temperature strongly depends on the efficiency of the cooling species, and is therefore most sensitive to the cloud optical depth. It is less dependent, in decreasing order, on H2O abundance, gas density, and velocity dispersion.
Integrated liquid-core ARROW waveguides for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Planar integrated liquid-core ARROW waveguides for surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) sensing are discussed. We demonstrate SERS detection from rhodamine 6G molecules bound to silver nanoparticles in ARROW waveguides and present waveguide designs for integrated Rayleigh-peak filtering.
A Cross-Linguistic Survey of the Grammaticization of Evidentiality

Etat de la recherche dans le domaine des morphemes grammaticaux marqueurs de la modalite epistemique de " l'evidence " (indicateur de la source de l'information dans la proposition)
Adaptive techniques for leakage power management in L2 cache peripheral circuits

Recent studies indicate that a considerable amount of an L2 cache leakage power is dissipated in its peripheral circuits, e.g., decoders, word-lines and I/O drivers. In addition, L2 cache is becoming larger, thus increasing the leakage power. This paper proposes two adaptive architectural techniques (ADM and ASM) to reduce leakage in the L2 cache peripheral circuits. The adaptive techniques use the product of cache hierarchy miss rates to guide the leakage control in accordance with program behavior. The result for SPEC2K benchmarks show that the first technique (ASM) achieves a 34% average leakage power reduction with a 1.8% average IPC reduction. The second technique (ADM) achieves a 52% average savings with a 1.9% average IPC reduction. This corresponds to a 2 to 3 X improvement over recently proposed static techniques.
Scoring a diverse set of high‐quality docked conformations: A metascore based on electrostatic and desolvation interactions

Predicting protein-protein interactions involves sampling and scoring docked conformations. Barring some large structural rearrangement, rapidly sampling the space of docked conformations is now a real possibility, and the limiting step for the successful prediction of protein interactions is the scoring function used to reduce the space of conformations from billions to a few, and eventually one high affinity complex. An atomic level free-energy scoring function that estimates in units of kcal/mol both electrostatic and desolvation interactions (plus van der Waals if appropriate) of protein-protein docked conformations is used to rerank the blind predictions (860 in total) submitted for six targets to the community-wide Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI; http://capri.ebi.ac.uk). We found that native-like models often have varying intermolecular contacts and atom clashes, making unlikely that one can construct a universal function that would rank all these models as native-like. Nevertheless, our scoring function is able to consistently identify the native-like complexes as those with the lowest free energy for the individual models of 16 (out of 17) human predictors for five of the targets, while at the same time the modelers failed to do so in more than half of the cases. The scoring of high-quality models developed by a wide variety of methods and force fields confirms that electrostatic and desolvation forces are the dominant interactions determining the bound structure. The CAPRI experiment has shown that modelers can predict valuable models of protein-protein complexes, and improvements in scoring functions should soon solve the docking problem for complexes whose backbones do not change much upon binding. A scoring server and programs are available at http://structure.pitt.edu.
A case study exploring the use of GarageBand™ and an electronic bulletin board in pre-service music education

This qualitative research study is an exploration of the merit and shortcomings of using a combination of the music software GarageBand™ and an electronic bulletin board to facilitate musical and peer learning in a 3-month elementary music methods curriculum and instruction course. A pedagogical objective of this assignment was to increase the interaction among preservice teachers for the purpose of improving the following: (a) their understanding of musical vernacular, genres, and cultures; (b) their appreciation of the relationships among personal, social, and cultural identities; and (c) an introduction to digital learning technologies as a platform for community building. Specifically, sharing their playlists online (as well as their thoughts, feelings, and images about these musical selections) encouraged reflective practice and a process of peer learning, providing opportunities for students to learn about their peers and broaden their participation in a community of inquiry.
Navigating tensions: integrating palliative care consultation services into an academic medical center setting.

Abstract Context Despite rapid proliferation of hospital-based palliative care consultation services (PCCSs) across the country, there is little description of the dynamic processes that the PCCS and the non-PCCS hospital cultures experience during the institutionalization of a successful PCCS. Objectives To describe the institutionalization of a new PCCS in a quaternary care academic medical center (AMC) and highlight two themes, cost and quality, that pervaded the dynamics involved from the inception to the successful integration of the service. Methods Ethnography using longitudinal field observations, in-depth interviews, and the collection of artifacts. The study was performed in a 750-bed quaternary care AMC in the northeastern region of the U.S. Participants were a purposefully selected sample (n=79) of 1) senior-level institutional administrators, including clinical leaders in nursing, medicine, and social work, 2) clinicians who used the PCCS, either commonly or rarely, and 3) members of the PCCS core and extended teams. Results Key infrastructure components that contributed to the successful integration of the PCCS included top level interprofessional administrative buy-in to the quality and cost arguments for PCCS, PCCS leadership selection, robust data collection strategies emphasizing quality outcome data, the adoption of the "physician referral only" rule, and incremental and sustainable growth. The PCCS service grew an average of 23% per year from 2003 to 2009. Conclusion An in-depth understanding of the dynamic interaction of the infrastructures and processes of a successful institutionalization, in their unique complexity, may help other PCCSs identify and negotiate attributes of their own circumstances that will increase their chances for successful and sustainable implementation.
Cement Composition Effects on the Rheological Property Evolution in Concentrated Cement–Polyelectrolyte Suspensions

We have studied the rheological property evolution and hydration behavior of white and ordinary portland cement (type I) pastes and concentrated cement–polyelectrolyte suspensions. Cement composition had a marked effect on the elastic property evolution (G′(t)) and hydration behavior of these suspensions in the presence of poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer (PAA/PEO), even though their affinity to adsorb such species was nearly identical. Both white and ordinary portland cement pastes exhibited G′0 values of ∼104 Pa and fully reversible G′(t) behavior until the onset of the acceleratory period (t= 2 h), where the pastes stiffened irreversibly. In contrast, cement–PAA/PEO suspensions exhibited G′0 values of ∼1 Pa and G′(t) behavior comprised of both reversible and irreversible features. Interestingly, ordinary portland cement–PAA/PEO suspensions experienced a gel-to-fluid transition on high shear mixing at short hydration times ( 1 h), both cement–PAA/PEO suspensions exhibited G′i(t) ∼ exp(t/τc) with τc values of 5.6 and 1.3 h for ordinary and white portland cement, respectively. Our observations suggest that hydration phenomena impact interparticle forces during early stage hydration and, ultimately, lead to initial setting through the formation of solid bridges at the contact points between particles within the gelled network.
diaphanous is required for cytokinesis in Drosophila and shares domains of similarity with the products of the limb deformity gene

We show that the Drosophila gene diaphanous is required for cytokinesis. Males homozygous for the dia1 mutation are sterile due to a defect in cytokinesis in the germline. Females trans-heterozygous for dia1 and a deficiency are sterile and lay eggs with defective eggshells; failure of cytokinesis is observed in the follicle cell layer. Null alleles are lethal. Death occurs at the onset of pupation due to the absence of imaginal discs. Mitotic figures in larval neuroblasts were found to be polyploid, apparently due to a defect in cytokinesis. The predicted 123 × 10(3) M(r) protein contains two domains shared by the formin proteins, encoded by the limb deformity gene in the mouse. These formin homology domains, which we have termed FH1 and FH2, are also found in Bni1p, the product of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene required for normal cytokinesis in diploid yeast cells.
Increased Fas ligand expression of CD4+ T cells by HCV core induces T cell-dependent hepatic inflammation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is as- sociated with a high rate of viral persistence and the development of chronic liver disease. The ex- pression of HCV core protein in T cells has previ- ously been reported to alter T cell activation and has been linked to the development of liver inflam- mation. However, the molecular and cellular basis for the role of HCV core-expressing T cells in liver inflammation is not understood. Here, using dou- ble-transgenic mice of CD2/HCV-core transgenic mice and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice, we demonstrated that in vivo an- tigenic stimulation (OVA peptide administration) triggers a marked influx of core-expressing, anti- gen-specific, transgenic CD4 T cells into the liver of these mice. Phenotypic analysis of the liver- infiltrating T cells revealed high expression levels of CD44 and Fas ligand (FasL). Adoptive transfer of liver-infiltrating, core-expressing CD4 T cells into severe combined immunodeficiency mice di- rectly demonstrated the capacity of these activated T cells to induce liver inflammation. It is important that anti-FasL antibody treatment of the mice at the time of cell transfer abrogated the liver inflamma- tion induced by core-expressing CD4 T cells. These findings suggest that activated T lympho- cytes expressing elevated levels of FasL may be involved in the bystander killing of hepatocyte, as well as the induction of chronic liver inflammation, by promoting recruitment of proinflammatory cells to the liver. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78: 000-000; 2005.
Misalignment between perceptions and actual global burden of disease: evidence from the US population

Significant funding of health programs in low-income countries comes from external sources, mainly private donors and national development agencies of high-income countries. How these external funds are allocated remains a subject of ongoing debate, as studies have revealed that external funding may misalign with the underlying disease burden. One determinant of the priorities set by both private donors and development agencies is the perceptions of populations living in high-income countries about which diseases are legitimate for global health intervention. While research has been conducted on the priorities expressed by recipient communities, relatively less has been done to assess those of the donating country. To investigate people’s beliefs about the disease burden in high-income countries, we compared publicly available data from U.S. surveys of people’s perceptions of the leading causes of death in developing countries against measures of the actual disease burden from the World Health Organization. We found little correlation between the U.S. public’s perception and the actual disease burden, measured as either mortality or disability-adjusted life years. While there is potential for reverse causality, so that donor programs drive public perceptions, these findings suggest that increasing the general population’s awareness of the true global disease burden could help better align global health funding with population health needs.
ChemMine tools: an online service for analyzing and clustering small molecules

ChemMine Tools is an online service for small molecule data analysis. It provides a web interface to a set of cheminformatics and data mining tools that are useful for various analysis routines performed in chemical genomics and drug discovery. The service also offers programmable access options via the R library ChemmineR. The primary functionalities of ChemMine Tools fall into five major application areas: data visualization, structure comparisons, similarity searching, compound clustering and prediction of chemical properties. First, users can upload compound data sets to the online Compound Workbench. Numerous utilities are provided for compound viewing, structure drawing and format interconversion. Second, pairwise structural similarities among compounds can be quantified. Third, interfaces to ultra-fast structure similarity search algorithms are available to efficiently mine the chemical space in the public domain. These include fingerprint and embedding/indexing algorithms. Fourth, the service includes a Clustering Toolbox that integrates cheminformatic algorithms with data mining utilities to enable systematic structure and activity based analyses of custom compound sets. Fifth, physicochemical property descriptors of custom compound sets can be calculated. These descriptors are important for assessing the bioactivity profile of compounds in silico and quantitative structure—activity relationship (QSAR) analyses. ChemMine Tools is available at: http://chemmine.ucr.edu.
Automatic keystone correction for smart projectors with embedded camera

We propose embedded algorithms for enabling a smart self-adjusting projector that is capable of fully automatic keystone distortion detection and correction, plus zooming and centering the image to fit a screen. The projector has an embedded camera and it automatically detects the screen and a specific pattern during self-adjustment. Proposed algorithms meet severe computational requirements of a portable projector and they exploit the physical constraints in a projector-(embedded) camera pair in a novel way in order to not compromise image quality under different usage conditions. We will demonstrate our projector system during the conference.
The diverse functions of GAPDH: views from different subcellular compartments

Multiple roles for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) have been recently appreciated. In addition to the cytoplasm where the majority of GAPDH is located under the basal condition, GAPDH is also found in the particulate fractions, such as the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the small vesicular fractions. When cells are exposed to various stressors, dynamic subcellular re-distribution of GAPDH occurs. Here we review these multifunctional properties of GAPDH, especially linking them to its oligomerization, posttranslational modification, and subcellular localization. This includes mechanistic descriptions of how S-nitrosylation of GAPDH under oxidative stress may lead to cell death/dysfunction via nuclear translocation of GAPDH, which is counteracted by a cytosolic GOSPEL. GAPDH is also involved in various diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Therapeutic strategies to these conditions based on molecular understanding of GAPDH are discussed.
Novel smart connector for modular robotics

This paper presents the concept, design, analytical modeling and experimental prototype for a new "smart connector", which provides electrical and mechanical connection between components of a system, specifically robotic modules. The connector includes plug and receptacle components. The plug has a central pin surrounded by a plurality of lamellae. The lamellae have an end connected to the base and a free end. A shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator is positioned about the lamellae of the plug for controlling the movement of the free end of the lamellae. The receptacle, which includes an SMA actuator, has a pin housing corresponding to the central pin of the plug. In another configuration, the plug and receptacle are positioned side by side to provide a universal connector. The connector can transmit axial force through the lamellae, shear force through the receptacle and plug housings, and torque in the case of universal configuration. The disconnection can be controlled from plug and/or receptacle side(s).
A content-addressable memory architecture for image coding using vector quantization

An architecture suitable for real-time image coding using adaptive vector quantization (VQ) is presented. This architecture is based on the concept of content-addressable memory (CAM), where the data is accessed simultaneously and in parallel on the basis of its content. VQ essentially involves, for each input vector, a search operation to obtain the best match codeword. A speedup results if a CAM-based implementation is used. This speedup, coupled with the gains in execution time for the basic distortion operation, implies that even codebook generation is possible in real time ( >
Thermal acclimation in ambystomatid salamanders

Abstract 1. 1. Ambystoma tigrinum has a greater heat tolerance than A. jeffersonianum . The critical thermal maximum (CTM) of Ohio A. jeffersonianum is greater than that of Indiana A. jeffersonianum when tested in a “terrestrial” chamber. 2. 2. Dehydration decreases heat resistance in both A. tigrinum and A. jeffersonianum . 3. 3. The acclimation response ratio (ARR) for A. jeffersonianum is low, but within the range reported for other amphibians. 4. 4. Quantitative methods for the analysis of acclimation time courses are proposed and applied both to the A. jeffersonianum data and to derived literature values.
Mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofiber and bio-based epoxy composite

Abstract Cellulose nanofibers are one class of natural fibers that have resulted in structures with remarkable mechanical properties. In this study, the cellulose nanofibers are used as reinforcements in the forms of layered films in a bio-derived resin. Assessment of swelling behavior is performed together with an assessment of the tension and fracture behavior. Crack resistance behavior is compared to glass fiber systems and strategies for improving the fracture toughness of “nanopaper” based composites are discussed. Swelling tests indicate the need for constitutive and analysis approaches that account for the swelling response of the developed composites. Increased porosity is observed with higher reinforcement volumes leading to lower than expected mechanical properties. Techniques with higher consolidation pressures are required to improve consolidation processes.
The impact of violence against women in advertisements

Understanding the impact of portrayals of violence and abuse by advertising media, especially when directed at women, requires our going beyond concerns about effectiveness of such marketing communications. Previous research finds an unequivocal and harmful increased acceptance of cross-gender aggression and rape within society as a result of sexualized violence. However, none of these investigations examines the impact of violence as an advertising appeal. Thus, our research looks at the influence of sexualized violence in ads on rape myth beliefs and traditional consumer behavior variables. The findings from our study suggest that sexualized violence appeals may impact important advertising variables and appeal to specific market segments, but nevertheless have little value for marketing success.
Adapting Instruction to Native Americans' Learning Styles An Iconoclastic View

This article examines the claim that instruction adapted to the "visual learning styles" of Native American students results in greater learning. The authors argue that (first) substantial cross-cultural research suggests that Native American children have special strengths in such areas as spatial abilities and visual memory and that observational learning is an important cultural orientation, but that (second) virtually no research has succeeded in demonstrating that instruction adapted to Native Americans' visual learning style results in greater learning. Nonetheless (third), the concept of "Native American learning styles" continues to enjoy considerable popularity due to (a) educators' desire to avoid "deficit" language, (b) the concept's use in obtaining culturally oriented program funding, and (c) the concept's use in summarizing a variety of instructional adaptations necessary in a cross-cultural context.
Flow measurement without phase information in optical coherence tomography images

Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) is a valuable tool for depth-resolved flow measurements in tissue. However, DOCT is insensitive to flow in the direction normal to the imaging beam and requires knowledge of the phase of the demodulated signal. We present an alternative method of extracting flow information, using speckle of conventional amplitude optical coherence tomography images. Due to the pixel-by-pixel acquisition scheme of conventional OCT, time-varying speckle is manifested as a change in OCT image spatial speckle frequencies. We tested the ability of speckle to provide quantitative flow information using an Intralipid flow phantom. Over a range of velocities, the ratio of high to low OCT image spatial frequencies was shown to bear a linear relation to flow velocity. With two dimensional imaging, flow in a tube and in vivo hamster skin was visualized. This study shows the feasibility of extracting flow from OCT images in all directions without phase information.