cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency Metamaterial-based Multi-scale Wireless Power Transfer for Smart Home Applications

This paper presents a high efficiency multi-scale wireless power transfer (MSWPT) system using a metamaterial slab consisting of 2×2 spiral unit cells, which operates at 6.78 MHz (AirFuel Alliance standard frequency) for near-field WPT and 433 MHz (ISM band for smart home devices) for far-field WPT. The MSWPT system is configured to have the power transfer efficiency (PTE) greatly enhanced with the MTM slab which has an electromagnetic wave focusing capability for both frequency bands. A prototype of the MSWPT system is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The PTE of the fabricated MSWPT at a distance of 50 cm is increased from 5.42 % to 50.12 % with the MTM slabs at 6.78 MHz, i.e. 9.25 times enhancement while the PTE at a distance of 2.5 m is increased from 0.72 % to 3 % with the MTM slabs at 433 MHz, i.e. 4.17 times enhancement. It is concluded that the transition from 6.78 MHz near-field WPT to 433 MHz far-field WPT is advantageous in the MSWPT when the distance is greater than 90 cm.
Fitting surfaces to scattered data

A variety of numerical methods for fitting a function to data given at a set of points scattered throughout a domain in the plane are surveyed. Four classes of methods are discussed: (1) global interpolation; (2) local interpolation; (3) global approximation; and (4) local approximation. Also, two-stage methods and contouring are discussed. The surfaces constructed include polynomials, spline functions, and rational functions, among others.
Projected effect of family planning on the incidence of perinatal mortality in a lower-class nonwhite population

Abstract Existing needs for total community family planning programs are incompatible with current inadequacies of resources for meeting those needs. This situation may lead to the development of programs of limited scope, a possibility which raises the question of how to select from among feasible alternatives. A logical basis for selecting from among circumscribed alternatives involves comparison of the effectivity of each in reaching specific goals, such as reductions in perinatal loss. Data are presented here which provide a basis for comparative estimation of the effects of two types of family planning programs upon perinatal mortality. One program involves exclusive focus upon a nonpostpartum high-risk group; the other is a type of hospital postpartum program. Postpartum programs are recommended on the basis of the findings.
Planning and building the infrastructure for technological entrepreneurship

Communities in both developed and developing countries are facing economic problems as a result of the decline in traditional sources of wealth. Many respond by turning to technology to restore their economic health. An example is provided by the Sud–Oise region of France. The impact on local entrepreneurial activity and technological initiatives is examined in this paper. Comparison is also made between the Sud–Oise area and other areas of technological entrepreneurship, namely the Capital District in New York State and Cuernavaca in Mexico. Finally, guidelines are offered for developing, implementing and marketing the infrastructure necessary for technological entrepreneurship.
Enhancing the efficiency of sortase–mediated ligations through nickel–peptide complex formation

A modified sortase A recognition motif containing a masked Ni(2+)-binding peptide was employed to boost the efficiency of sortase-catalyzed ligation reactions. Deactivation of the Ni(2+)-binding peptide using a Ni(2+) additive improved reaction performance at low to equimolar ratios of the glycine amine nucleophile and sortase substrate. The success of this approach was demonstrated with both peptide and protein substrates.
Determination of quartz. Evaluation of the differential thermal analysis method.

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was evaluated for the determination of quartz after comparing it with other methods now in use. The effect of particle size on peak height was studied by preparing calibration curves for sized quartz in silicon carbide (SiC). It was found that thermal response decreases with decreasing particle size, indicating the necessity for size analysis of unknown samples. Commercial talc and granite samples were analyzed for quartz after size determination and dilution with 30% SiC. Results were found to compare favorably to those obtained by phosphoric acid digestion. Foundry samples were similarly analyzed after preheating to combust carbonaceous material. These settled dusts were also analyzed using standard addition and internal standard techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis was used for comparison with the thermal procedures and agreement was found between the x-ray and DTA results.
A photodiode array detection system: Design concept and implementation

Use of a linear photodiode array as the elemental detector for an HPLC UV/Visible detector can provide both quantitative and semi-qualitative information for the analytical chemist. This paper discusses the primary needs of the analyst, the goals to be achieved in hardware and software, and possible applications for such a detection system.
Are patient ratings of chronic pain services related to treatment outcome

Consumer ratings of satisfaction with treatment are rarely used as measures of treatment outcome. This study examined the relationships between service ratings and psy- chometric outcomes of patients receiving pain-management services in a tertiary teaching hospital. A group of 122 patients who completed a multidisciplinary pain-management program rated their satisfaction with and effectiveness of services received and changes in their pain condition and quality of life (QOL). They also completed pre- and posttreatment measures of pain severity, pain interference, depression, and disability. Pain severity, pain interference, and depression significantly decreased following treatment. The patients' ratings of services were significantly associated with outcome measures. Pre- to posttreatment changes in pain severity and pain interference were associated with treatment satisfaction and effectiveness, improvement in pain condition, and QOL. Pre- to posttreat- ment change in disability was significantly related to ratings of treatment effectiveness, improvement in pain condition, and quality of life. The findings suggest that pain intensity, pain interference, and disability are important outcome dimensions of pain-management programs.
Efficacy of a Twice-Daily Regimen of Cefadroxil in the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections

This multicentre open study evaluated the responses of 474 adult and paediatric patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infections to treatment with cefadroxil (25 to 50 mg/kg in children and 500 mg to 1 g in adults) twice daily for 10 to 30 days. Complete or partial cures seen in 81% to 100% of all patients correlated with the eradication of 87% to 100% of the causative pathogens, most commonly beta-haemolytic streptococci, S. aureus or S. pneumoniae. Mild, transient side effects, usually gastrointestinal disturbances or hypersensitivity reactions, were reported in 4.8% of patients. Thus, the safety and efficacy of this oral cephalosporin recommends its use in the treatment of infections of the respiratory tract.
Arthroscopic coracoplasty through the rotator interval

Coracoid impingement has been increasingly recognized as a cause of shoulder pain. Although most decompressive techniques involve open anterior surgery, the arthroscopic treatment of such impingement has only rarely been reported. In this report, the authors describe an intra-articular method of coracoplasty through the rotator interval. This method is easier to perform than a subacromial approach and allows appropriate orientation of the coracoplasty in the plane of the subscapularis tendon.
Solid- and liquid-state studies of a wide range of chemicals by isothermal and scanning dielectric thermal analysis

We have observed unique variations in AC electrical conductivity of solids when studied with respect to temperature, time, and frequency. A wide range of solids were examined for this study e.g., organics, polymers, carbohydrates, active pharmacy ingredients (APIs), and amino acids. The observed dielectric analysis conductivity for this great number of organic materials follows an Arrhenius plot of log polar ionic conductivity which is linearly related to reciprocal temperature and the correlation of coefficient is 0.992–0.999. These experimental observations support the polaron hopping conduction model. Experimental results clearly show novel dielectric behavior of a linear increase in a log ionic conductivity versus temperature in the pre-melt/solid-state transition regions. We have differentiated the solids which show the conductivity variations in pre-melt from those which do not. Isothermal dielectric analysis was used to study the cause of this variation in solids which yielded the measure of behavior, i.e., the polarization time property. We have also studied the effect of various experimental factors (e.g., moisture and purity) on the results. Correlating dielectric with calorimetric analyses gave us a better understanding of solid-state properties. Calorimetric analysis was used to assure that the observed variations in the solid-state properties are not due to moisture or impurities present in the sample. The ASTM E698 “purity method” was employed to verify the purity of the chemicals. Activation energies were calculated based on Arrhenius behavior to better interpret the solid-state properties. As the different chemicals were heat–cool cycled they were more amorphous, as evidenced by the decreasing activation energy for charge transfer with an increasing amorphous content.
Synaptic Connections of Starburst Amacrine Cells and Localization of Acetylcholine Receptors in Primate Retinas

Starburst amacrine cells in the macaque retina were studied by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We found that these amacrine cells make a type of synapse not described previously; they are presynaptic to axon terminals of bipolar cells. We also confirmed that starburst amacrine cells are presynaptic to ganglion cell dendrites and amacrine cell processes. In order to determine the functions of these synapses, we localized acetylcholine receptors using a monoclonal antibody (mAb210) that recognizes human alpha3- and alpha5-containing nicotinic receptors and also antisera against the five known subtypes of muscarinic receptors. The majority of the mAb210-immunoreactive perikarya were amacrine cells and ganglion cells, but a subpopulation of bipolar cells was also labeled. A subset of bipolar cells and a subset of horizontal cells were labeled with antibodies to M3 muscarinic receptors. A subset of amacrine cells, including those that contain cholecystokinin, were labeled with antibodies to M2 receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that acetylcholine can modulate the activity of retinal ganglion cells by multiple pathways.
Holocaust Survivors: Resilience Revisited

This article revisits the findings of an earlier study, “Holocaust Survivors: A Study in Resilience,” that appeared in the Journal of Gerontological Social Work in 2002. That study's findings were generally consistent with other research related to resilience that suggested that survivors rebuilt their lives, forming families, establishing careers, and engaging in community service. These findings are also consistent with the theme of this issue, which celebrates the day-to-day struggles and challenges that survivors overcame.
The influence of energy restriction and developmental state on DNA 5-methyldeoxycytidine in rat mammary and liver tissues

Abstract Female rats were fed either ad libitum or 30% energy-restricted diets from 5 weeks through 25 weeks of age. Genomic DNA was extracted from mammary tissue and liver at 7, 9, 14 (mid-pregnancy), 16.5 (mid-lactation), and 25 weeks of age. The 5-methyldeoxycytidine content of DNA was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. As animals aged from 7–25 weeks, 5-methyldeoxycytidine increased in mammary tissue, whereas in liver it decreased. This suggests that 5-methyldeoxycytidine exhibits tissue specific patterns. No changes in 5-methyldeoxycytidine content due to 30% energy restriction were observed in either mammary tissue or liver.
Building executable service-oriented architectures with the WS-Management specification

IT organizations that manage complex distributed systems are migrating to a service-oriented architecture (SOA) to reduce costs, increase business agility, and improve reliability. A common way to implement a SOA system is with a composition of web services that communicate with a common message format such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). In this environment, business processes are decomposed into a collection of services that each provide an atomic function. Eventually, these components are tested and proven enough to become reusable and they form the basis for future services or business processes. The collection of these reusable components forms the backbone of the ad-hoc executable service oriented architecture. Presently, a major challenge to operating in this environment is the management of web services throughout a large enterprise. Without a management protocol to control the communication between the services, the SOA system is chaotic and wasteful. To combat this problem, the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) created the Web Service Management (WS-MGMT) specification[2]. This paper will detail the WS-Management specification and cite industry best practices when using this specification to bind services and other manageable entities in the service-based architecture.
Experiences and attitudes of residents and students influence voluntary service with homeless populations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of two programs at the University of Pittsburgh, one that requires and one that encourages volunteer activity. In the program that requires primary care interns to spend 15 hours in a homeless clinic, we measured volunteer service after the requirement was fulfilled. In the program that encourages and provides the structure for first- and second-year medical students to volunteer, we assessed correlates of volunteering. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: When primary care interns were required to spend time at homeless clinics, all (13/13) volunteered to work at the same clinic in subsequent years. Categorical interns without this requirement were less likely to volunteer (24/51; x2=12.7, p>.001). Medical students who volunteered were more likely to be first-year students, have previously volunteered in a similar setting, have positive attitudes toward caring for indigent patients, and have fewer factors that discouraged them from volunteering (p<.01 for all) than students who did not volunteer. CONCLUSIONS: Volunteering with underserved communities during medical school and residency is influenced by previous experiences and, among medical students, year in school. Medical schools and residency programs have the opportunity to promote volunteerism and social responsibility through mentoring and curricular initiatives.
Advanced distillation curve measurements for corrosive fluids: Application to two crude oils

Abstract We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications include a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis) and corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition-explicit information is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to a variety of fluids, including simple n-alkanes, rocket propellant, gasoline, jet fuels, and a hydrocarbon fluid made corrosive with dissolved hydrogen sulfide. In the current contribution, we present the application of the advanced distillation curve method to two samples of crude oil. A primary motivation behind the work is to precisely measure the distillation curves of these oils using our advanced distillation apparatus; these low uncertainty measurements of true thermodynamic state points can be used for equation of state development and differentiation of crude oil samples. Then, the information content of each distillation was extended much further by use of the composition-explicit data channel: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC–SCD), and the copper strip corrosion test (CSCT) were used for each distillate volume fraction sampled. Consequently, for each volume fraction of crude oil distillate sampled, we can address the composition, quantitate the total sulfur content, and measure the corrosivity.
Use of Instructor-Produced YouTube® Videos to Supplement Manual Skills Training in Occupational Therapy Education

An ongoing challenge to occupational therapy educators is how to provide resources and strategies that best assist students in learning, retaining, and replicating protocols in clinical manual assessment. This pilot survey study explored how 43 first-year master's of occupational therapy students enrolled in a kinesiology course perceived the value of implementing instructor-produced YouTube® videos of in-class assessment demonstrations. The videos, taken on a smartphone, were uploaded to a private YouTube URL created by the instructor and then linked to a pre-established Moodle learning platform. By the end of the 6-wk course, students had registered 2,573 views averaging 60 views per student. Postcourse mixed survey results revealed students perceived that the videos improved the quality of the course, increased their level of engagement and learning, and boosted confidence in their manual skills. Survey results also found that students correlated the instructor's willingness to develop online videos with a commitment to student learning.
Vividness of adjectives and the recall of meaningful verbal material

Either vivid or dull adjectives (roughly equal in TL frequency and m) were inserted into a narrative in 17 appropriate and identical slots. In immediate written recall after oral presentation 36 Ss hearing the vivid narrative showed greater productivity (p<.01) and greater recall of nouns (p<.05) than did 40 Ss who heard the dull narrative. Recall of the vivid and dull adjectives themselves showed no differences in immediate or delayed assisted recall It is proposed that vividness of adjectives may involve an alerting or energizing function.
Risk is normal to life itself.

Health and safety professionals face an enormous challenge. We must communicate about safety in the context of all risks that society faces. The health and safety professional must be scientifically accurate while working in an atmosphere that is frequently emotionally charged. As professionals, we face decisions that force us to balance voluntary risks and externally imposed risks. How do we set “safety levels” in this context? Even more important, are we allowing rational risk decisions to be relegated to computerized risk analyses that have so many compounded errors that common sense tells us the estimates are clearly wrong? Absurd conclusions, of course, lead to loss of credibility in the entire field of risk assessment. In an emotionally-charged environment, perceptions are reality. Perceptions are frequently far from scientific reality, but perceptions are so strongly held that scientific reality alone cannot change opinion. Until risk communicators learn to address perceptions concurrently with sci...
Pressure effects on the temperature range for growth and survival of the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi: implications for bacteria attached to sinking particles

Using a pressurized temperature gradient, which rapidly equilibrates bacteria to a wide range of temperature and pressures, temperature ranges for growth and survival of Vibrio harveyi (strain B 392) were found to narrow with increasing pressures. Both temperature and pressure ranges were greater in an enriched seawater medium than in unenriched seawater. Using a kinetics apparatus, V. harveyi was also exposed to gradual changes in temperature and pressure, simulating a particle sinking at approximately 200 m d-1 from surface waters (17 °C; ∼1 bar pressure) to 3 400 m (∼4°C; 340 bars pressure). With gradual temperature changes, cells were able to grow and survive at lower temperatures than they had in rapid equilibration experiments. Gradual pressurization, however, did not increase pressure tolerance. Under all experimental conditions, the combined effects of low temperatures and high pressures were lethal for V. harveyi. It is hypothesized that temperature and pressure stratify the ocean into regions of growth, survival, and death for V. harveyi, and perhaps other bacteria.
Auditor characteristics and the pricing of discretionary accruals

This study examines whether the investors’ interpretation of discretionary accruals is impacted by auditor characteristics, namely auditor industry specialisation, the auditor/client economic bonding, and auditor tenure. The empirical results confirm our argument that investors do not perceive audit quality to be uniform within the Big 4 auditors. They price discretionary accruals of Big 4 clients differently, depending on auditor characteristics. In particular, auditor industry specialisation is an attribute that the market interprets positively. Furthermore, the economic bonding between the auditor and the client firm also sends a positive signal to the market. On the other hand, the length of auditor tenure does not influence the market’s interpretation of discretionary accruals. This research is important since it highlights auditor attributes that influence investors’ perception of audit and earnings quality.
Interpretation of Field-Ion-Microscopy Data for Surface Diffusion and Clustering

Kinetic considerations for surface diffusion and clustering are discussed in relation to recent field-ion-microscopy results by Tsong. It is emphasized that the data lead to a single rate-determining activation energy and cannot be used to distinguish between various possible stable adatom sites and migration mechanisms. The data for clustering indicate that the binding energy for clustering is small relative to migration energies. It is suggested that standard analysis is not consistent with the observations and that some mechanism such as a temperature-dependent activation energy for migration may be operating.
Calculation of protein–ligand binding free energy by using a polarizable potential

The binding of charged ligands benzamidine and diazamidine to trypsin was investigated by using a polarizable potential energy function and explicit-water molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies were computed from the difference between the free energies of decoupling the ligand from water and protein environments. Both the absolute and the relative free energies from the perturbation simulations agree with experimental measurements to within 0.5 kcal.mol(-1). Comparison of free-energy components sampled from different thermodynamic paths indicates that electrostatics is the main driving force behind benzamidine recognition of trypsin. The contribution of electronic polarization to binding appears to be crucial. By computing the free-energy contribution caused by the polarization between the ligand and its surroundings, we found that polarization has the opposite effect in dissimilar environments. Although polarization favors ligand solvation in water, it weakens the protein-ligand attraction by screening the electrostatic interaction between trypsin and benzamidine. We also examined the relative binding free energies of a benzamidine analog diazamidine to trypsin. The changes in free energy on benzamidine-diazamidine substitution were tens of kilocalories in both water and trypsin environments; however, the change in the total binding free energy is <2 kcal.mol(-1) because of cancellation, consistent with the experimental results. Overall, our results suggest that the use of a polarizable force field, given adequate sampling, is capable of achieving chemical accuracy in molecular simulations of protein-ligand recognition.
A non-invasive in vitro technique for the three-dimensional quantification of microdamage in trabecular bone

An accurate analysis and quantification of microdamage is critical to understand how microdamage affects the mechanics and biology of bone fragility. In this study we demonstrate the development and validation of a novel in vitro micro-computed tomography (microCT) method that employs lead-uranyl acetate as a radio-opaque contrast agent for automated quantification of microdamage in trabecular bone. Human trabecular bone cores were extracted from the femoral neck, scanned via microCT, loaded in unconfined compression to a range of apparent strains (0.5% to 2.25%), stained in lead-uranyl acetate, and subsequently re-scanned via microCT. An investigation of the regions containing microdamage using the backscatter mode of a scanning electron microscope (BSEM) showed that the lead-uranyl sulfide complex was an effective contrast agent for microdamage in bone. Damaged volume fraction (DV/BV), as determined by microCT, increased exponentially with respect to applied strains and proportionately to mechanically determined modulus reduction (p<0.001). Furthermore, the formation of microdamage was observed to occur before any apparent stiffness loss, suggesting that the localized tissue yielding occurs prior to the structural yielding of trabecular bone. This non-invasive in vitro technique for the detection of microdamage using microCT may serve as a valuable complement to existing morphometric analyses of bone.
A Cultural History of the War without End

In October 2001, when President George W. Bush outlined his administration's responses to the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, he also announced that the United States was about to begin a "new and different war," a war against terrorism that would need to be fought "on all fronts." Bush argued that unlike World War II, which brought clear-cut victory, or the Vietnam War, which ended in quagmire, or even the high-tech Gulf War, the new war would be "a different kind of war that requires a different type of approach and a different type of mentality." Speaking to a reporter a few days later, Vice President Richard Cheney put it more bluntly, "It is different than the Gulf War was, in the sense that it may never end. At least, not in our lifetime."' The sense of a historic rupture with previous models of understanding the world was widespread in the weeks following the attacks. Not only were the levels of destruction and the extraordinary human casualties unheard-of for Americans in peacetime, but the live television coverage had left the nation stunned. Eventually, perhaps, television's endless repetition of the second plane slicing through the south tower of the World Trade Center would become numbing, but other, more personal, images retained a profound emotional resonance: firefighters covered in soot, rushing to save those they could and, later, searching through the rubble. Then came the friends and family who began to arrive on the scene-and on the screen-in the hours after the attacks. They carried large photocopied photos of their loved ones and spoke to reporters, tearfully telling of their last contact or determinedly showing the pictures that they hoped would inspire rescuers. Within days, September 11 had taken on the folkloric status of the assassination of John F. Kennedy; at nearly every gathering, people would tell their stories: where they were and what they were doing when they heard-or, rather, saw-the news. It was not surprising, then, that the Bush administration would stress what many people in the United States already felt, that the nation was facing an unprecedented crisis and that nothing in our past had prepared us for such an attack. One corollary
Release of dextromethorphan hydrobromide from freeze-dried enzyme-degradable hydrogels

Abstract Dextromethorphan hydrobromide was incorporated into albumin-crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels by equilibrating the gels in a saturated drug solution followed by freeze drying to entrap the drug in the network. Through freeze drying, highly porous hydrogels containing uniformly dispersed drug were produced. Drug content in the gel increased as a function of the number of drug loading-freeze drying cycles. Solvent penetration into freeze-dried gels resulted in an initial isotropic collapse of the network followed by a gradual increase in gel size due to swelling. In the presence of pepsin, freeze-dried networks degraded at a much faster rate than non-freeze-dried control samples. Drug release from freeze-dried hydrogels was degradation-independent and inconsistent with conventional solute transport mechanisms through swellable low surface area devices. The rate of drug release was dependent on the amount of drug loaded into the freeze-dried matrix. The potential use of these devices for long-term oral drug delivery is discussed.
Theory of tunneling transport in periodic chains

This is a self-contained discussion of a recently proposed theoretical approach for off-resonance tunneling transport. The final result is an analytic formula for the asymptotic tunneling conductance involving the overlap of three well-defined physical quantities that can be easily evaluated with the standard electronic structure codes. We argue that the formula can be used to gain fresh insight into the tunneling transport characteristics of various systems. The formalism is applied to molecular devices consisting of planar phenyl chains connected to gold electrodes via amine linkers.
Sigma bands in the near-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of 12C34S2

The absorption spectrum of /sup 12/C/sup 34/S/sub 2/ has been examined at high resolution in the region between 3350 and 3900 A (Kleman's R system). Thirty ..sigma.. bands have been identified and rotationally analyzed, yielding vibrational isotope shifts and rotational constants for the (0,2,0) and (0,4,0) levels of the ground electronic state and for levels of the excited electronic state having nu/sub 1/ = 0 and 1, nu/sub 2/ = 3 through 11, and nu/sub 3/ = 0, and 2. 14 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.
Supported employment and compensatory strategies for enhancing vocational outcome following traumatic brain injury

Epidemiological research clearly indicates that traumatic head injury has reached epidemic proportions. Incidence rates for head injury are greater than those for cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury combined. Many victims suffer from long-term impairments in functional, neurological, medical, neuropsychological and linguistic status. Emotional and behavioural problems are common as well. Additionally, family problems often ensue as a consequence of the victim's dependency and concomitant emotional changes. Investigations of post-injury vocational status indicate that unemployment rates within the first 7 years post-injury range as high as 70% for those with moderate and severe injuries. Researchers have demonstrated that the emotional and neuropsychological changes arising from injury are the greatest contributors to reduced employability. Relatively high unemployment rates strongly suggest that traditional approaches to physical and vocational rehabilitation have been entirely inadequate. To complement existing services and enhance employment outcome, two approaches have been developed and refined for use with victims of head injury. Supported employment is a unique approach which assists the client to select, obtain and maintain suitable employment on the basis of his/her interests and abilities. Compensatory strategies have been developed to help the individual offset intellectual problems which would otherwise interfere with learning job skills and maintaining production levels. Often, compensatory strategies are used in the context of a comprehensive supported employment programme. The greater use of supported employment and compensatory strategies is likely to enhance employment outcomes for those with traumatic head injury. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to more clearly identify the types of techniques which work best for each unique set of problems.
Fostering motivation and creativity for computer users

Creativity might be viewed as any process which results in a novel and useful product. People use computers for creative tasks; they flesh out ideas for text, graphics, engineering solutions, etc. Computer programming is an especially creative activity, but few tools for programming aid creativity. Computers can be designed to foster creativity as well. As a start, all computer programs should help users enumerate ideas, remember alternatives and support various ways to compare them. More sophisticated thinking aids could implement other successful techniques as well.Most computers are used in solitude; however, people depend on social supports for creativity. User scenarios can provide the important social support and gracious cues normally offered by collaborators that keep people motivated and help them consider alternatives. People also use computers to build community and to communicate. Computers should also support and filter these potentially creativity-enhancing communication acts.User-interface designers are so busy exposing features and fighting bugs that they might ignore their users' needs for motivation and creativity support. This paper develops the notion that creativity and motivation enhancement can easily be aligned with the design of high-quality human-computer interaction. User interface toolkits and evaluations should include support for motivation and creativity-enhancing approaches.
Electrochemical Interaction of Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1 and Its Outer Membrane Cytochromes Omca and MTRC with Hematite Electrodes

Abstract Bacterial metal reduction is an important biogeochemical process in anaerobic environments. An understanding of electron transfer pathways from dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) to solid phase metal (hydr)oxides is important for understanding metal redox cycling in soils and sediments, for utilizing DMRB in bioremedation, and for developing technologies such as microbial fuel cells. Here we hypothesize that the outer membrane cytochromes OmcA and MtrC from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 are the only terminal reductases capable of direct electron transfer to a hematite working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study electron transfer between hematite electrodes and protein films, S. oneidensis MR-1 wild-type cell suspensions, and cytochrome deletion mutants. After controlling for hematite electrode dissolution at negative potential, the midpoint potentials of adsorbed OmcA and MtrC were measured (−201 mV and −163 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively). Cell suspensions of wild-type MR-1, deletion mutants deficient in OmcA (Δ omcA ), MtrC (Δ mtrC ), and both OmcA and MtrC (Δ mtrC– Δ omcA ) were also studied; voltammograms for Δ mtrC– Δ omcA were indistinguishable from the control. When the control was subtracted from the single deletion mutant voltammograms, redox peaks were consistent with the present cytochrome (i.e., Δ omcA consistent with MtrC and Δ mtrC consistent with OmcA). The results indicate that OmcA and MtrC are capable of direct electron exchange with hematite electrodes, consistent with a role as terminal reductases in the S. oneidensis MR-1 anaerobic respiratory pathway involving ferric minerals. There was no evidence for other terminal reductases operating under the conditions investigated. A Marcus-based approach to electron transfer kinetics indicated that the rate constant for electron transfer k et varies from 0.025 s −1 in the absence of a barrier to 63.5 s −1 with a 0.2 eV barrier.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bifunctional Compounds: Templates for Metal Crown Ether Assemblies

(dppe)Pd-salicylimine cations and (dppe)Pd-catecholate complexes with dangling primary ammonium ions are excellent donors for 18-crown-6 (18-c-6) and benzo-18-c-6 receptors. The self-assembly of these host−guest complexes from their constituent components is efficient, and two X-ray-generated structures showing atom connectivity are reported. A discussion of N-imine isomers of the Schiff base-derived 4-aminobenzylamine is also included.
A prospective feasibility study of respiratory-gated proton beam therapy for liver tumors

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of a respiratory-gated proton beam therapy for liver tumors. Methods and materials Fifteen patients were enrolled in a prospective institutional review board-approved protocol. Eligibility criteria included Childs-Pugh A/B cirrhosis, unresectable biopsy- proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), or metastatic disease (solid tumors only), 1-3 lesions, and tumor size of ≤6 cm. Patients received 15 fractions to a total dose of 45-75 GyE [gray equivalent] using respiratory-gated proton beam therapy. Gating was performed with an external respiratory position monitoring based system. Results Of the 15 patients enrolled in this clinical trial, 11 had HCC, 3 had ICC, and 1 had metastasis from another primary. Ten patients had a single lesion, 3 patients had 2 lesions, and 2 patients had 3 lesions. Toxicities were grade 3 bilirubinemia-2, grade 3 gastrointestinal bleed-1, and grade 5 stomach perforation-1. One patient had a marginal recurrence, 3 had hepatic recurrences elsewhere in the liver, and 2 had extrahepatic recurrence. With a median follow-up for survivors of 69 months, 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survivals are 53%, 40%, and 33%, respectively. Progression-free survivals are 40%, 33%, and 27% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Conclusions Respiratory-gated proton beam therapy for liver tumors is feasible. Phase 2 studies for primary liver tumors and metastatic tumors are underway.
Adenocarcinoma of the stomach in association with Menetrier's disease

Menetrier's disease is an uncommon lesion which may have malignant potential. This report documents a case of gastric malignancy arising in a patient with long-standing Menetrier's disease and emphasizes that close follow-up of patients with this condition is necessary because of the possible development of gastric malignancy.
Transmission of toxoplasmosis by tachyzoites: Possibility and probability of a hypothesis

Raisanen and Saari seek to emphasize the "importance of trophozoites in transmission of toxoplasmosis" by demonstrating their survival and pathogenicity in liquid media (1). Survival of tachyzoites at 20°C for days or weeks is well demonstrated, confirming the earlier observations of Sabin and others cited by the authors. However, most previous observers realized that the number of organisms (104-105) utilized in the experiments would rarely if ever be present in blood, sweat, tears or milk of humans or other animals. Likewise, lesser numbers would not likely be stored at 4°C prior to contact transmission, which would indeed favor survival in comparison with storage at room or body temperatures. Toxoplasma tachyzoites are usually present in body fluids for only a short period of time and at levels that are usually closer to lo1 than 104/ml (.2,3).
Excitation-Wavelength Dependence of Fluorescence Intermittency in CdSe Nanorods

The influence of excitation wavelength and embedding media on fluorescence blinking statistics of 4 nm × 20 nm cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanorods is investigated. Photon antibunching (PAB) experiments confirm nonclassical emission from single CdSe nanorods that exhibit a radiative lifetime of 26 ± 13 ns. The blinking data show behaviors that can be categorized into two classes: excitation near the energy of the band gap and at energies exceeding 240 meV above the band gap. Excitation at the band gap energy (λ ≥ 560 nm) results in more pronounced “on” time probabilities in the distribution of “on” and “off” events, while those resulting from excitation exceeding the band gap by 240 meV or more (λ ≤ 560 nm) are 200 times less likely to display continuous “on” fluorescence persisting beyond 4 s. The “off” time statistics are also sensitive to the excitation wavelength, showing a similar, but inversely correlated, effect. To understand better the excitation-wavelength dependence, fluorescence measurements are o...
Five to seven years after breast cancer treatment, over a third of women (37%) report persistent pain

Commentary on: Mejdahl MK, Andersen KG, Gartner R, et al . Persistent pain and sensory disturbances after treatment for breast cancer: 6 year nationwide follow-up study. BMJ 2013;346:f1865 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.f1865%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23580693%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=346/apr11_1/f1865&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F2%2F41.atom
Mercury vapour transfer studies: the transfer characteristics of gauze screens

Abstract The mercury evaporation technique has been used to determine the transfer characteristics of gauze screens. Data for four sizes of screen are reported. The Schumann model of transient heat convection in a porous solid is shown to be inapplicable to matrices formed from gauze screens for the conditions under review here. Discrepancies between the present results and previous heat transfer investigations are explained in terms of the deficiencies of this model. The discrepancies are reduced by an analysis which includes the effect of longitudinal conduction in the screens.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of some dideuterated cyanopyridines

4-Cyanopyridine-2,6-d2 (5a-2,6-d2), 3-cyanopyridine-2,6-d2 (5b-2,6-d2), and 2-cyanopyridine-4,6-d2 (5c-4,6-d2) were synthesized from the corresponding 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid N-oxides. These dideuterated products were characterized by their mass and NMR spectra.
Dual Targeting of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in Neoadjuvant Trials for Operable HER2 Positive (HER2+) Disease

The neoadjuvant strategy, initially developed to render primary inoperable tumors operable, is now increasingly being utilized for patients with triple-negative and HER2 positive breast cancer in clinical trials in order to assess for response and resistance with the incorporation of tissue biopsy studies. Pathological complete response (pCR) has been accepted as a primary endpoint in a number of neoadjuvant trials for operable HER2+ disease. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the knowledge gained from neoadjuvant trials conducted with HER2 directed agents to date, focuses on the concept of dual blockade of HER2, highlights the importance of predictive biomarkers, and finally puts them into perspective with current treatment recommendations and future research and trends.
Preliminary notes on a newly discovered skull of the extinct monkey Antillothrix from Hispaniola and the origin of the Greater Antillean monkeys.

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7100, USA Office of Underwater Science, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA William Hammond Mathers Museum, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408-3812, USA Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-1405, USA
Cysteine scanning mutagenesis of the noncatalytic nucleotide binding site of the yeast V-ATPase.

To investigate residues involved in the formation of the noncatalytic nucleotide binding sites of the vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase), cysteine scanning mutagenesis of the VMA2 gene that encodes the B subunit in yeast was performed. Replacement of the single endogenous cysteine residue at position 188 gave rise to a Cys-less form of the B subunit (Vma2p) which had near wild-type levels of activity and which was used in the construction of 16 single cysteine-containing mutants. The ability of adenine nucleotides to prevent reaction of the introduced cysteine residues with the sulfhydryl reagent 3-(N-maleimidopropionyl)biocytin (biotin-maleimide) was evaluated by Western blot. Biotin-maleimide labeling of the purified V-ATPase from the wild-type and the mutants S152C, L178C, N181C, A184C, and T279C was reduced after reaction with the nucleotide analog 3′-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5′-triphosphate (BzATP). These results suggest the proximity of these residues to the nucleotide binding site on the B subunit. In addition, we have examined the level of endogenous nucleotide bound to the wild-type V-ATPase and to a mutant (the A subunit mutant R483Q) which is postulated to be altered at the noncatalytic site and which displays a marked nonlinearity in ATP hydrolysis (MacLeod, K. J., Vasilyeva, E., Baleja, J. D., and Forgac, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 150–156). The R483Q mutant contained 2.6 mol of ATP/mol of V-ATPase compared with the wild-type enzyme, which contained 0.8 mol of ATP/mol of V-ATPase. These results suggest that binding of additional ATP to the noncatalytic sites may modulate the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
Error estimates and Lipschitz constants for best approximation in continuous function spaces

Abstract We use a structural characterization of the metric projection PG(f), from the continuous function space to its one-dimensional subspace G, to derive a lower bound of the Hausdorff strong unicity constant (or weak sharp minimum constant) for PG and then show this lower bound can be attained. Then the exact value of Lipschitz constant for PG is computed. The process is a quantitative analysis based on the Gâteaux derivative of PG, a representation of local Lipschitz constants, the equivalence of local and global Lipschitz constants for lower semicontinuous mappings, and construction of functions.
Determination of distances involving exchangeable protons from NOESY spectra of two DNA dodecamers

Two-dimensional proton nuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) spectra were obtained as a function of mixing time for two DNA dodecamers, 5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3' and 5'-CGCAAATTTGCG-3', in aqueous solutions. The time evolution of cross-peak volumes was quantitatively analyzed based on the approximate solution of the relaxation/exchange equation over a range of mixing times from 30 to 150 ms. Inter-proton distances, involving exchangeable protons in key locations of the structures, were calculated and compared to the distances predicted by the crystal structures. These NMR-derived distances enhance the number of constraints, and their accuracy, for determination of solution structures of the two DNA dodecamers.
The Hardware Is Not a Given

Commodity hardware enables a range of cost-effective ubiquitous computing research, but innovative custom hardware can drive compelling new user experiences. One of the dreams of ubiquitous computing is an ecology of heterogeneous computer systems, built into the environment around us and acting in concert to make our lives easier and more fun. Fundamental to this vision is a movement away from the desktop computing metaphor, in which a single user interacts very intentionally via a display, keyboard, and mouse. Instead, many researchers imagine computers with very different forms that support rich and varied means of interaction.