cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voltage stress-induced hot carrier effects on SiGe HBT VCO

This paper presents the hot carrier (HC) induced performance degradation in a 10 GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). SiGe device characteristics due to HC stress are examined experimentally. The vertical bipolar inter-company (VBIC) model parameters extracted from measured data are used in Cadence SpectreRF simulation to verify the HC effect on the VCO. The VCO shows significant vulnerability to hot carriers.
Molecular interactions of six aromatic competitive inhibitors with bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Six aromatic dicarboxylic acids (isophthalic acid, pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) and bromo-substituted aryl monocarboxylic acids (5-bromofuroic acid, m -bromobenzoic acid, and 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid) were tested with bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase [ l -glutamate: NAD(P) + oxidoreductase (deaminating) EC 1.4.1.3] for inhibition against l -glutamate as a function of pH (6.6 to 9.0). These compounds were competitive inhibitors at all pH values tested and the inhibition remained competitive when either NADP + or NAD + was coenzyme. Maximum inhibitor potency (p K 1 ) for the dicarboxylic acids occurred at pH 7.8 and for the monocarboxylic acids occurred at pH 8.7. The relative inhibitor potencies were correlated with the inhibitors‘ “central atom” absolute charge densities | Q T | calculated from molecular orbital theory. This indicated that desolvation of this atom may be important for combination of inhibitor with enzyme. A high degree of solvation as indicated by the magnitude of charge density could have decreased the interaction of inhibitor with enzyme. Similar results had been obtained previously for 4 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid competitive inhibitors
Absence of correlation between in situ expression of cytochrome P450 17α hydroxylase/lyase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase messenger ribonucleic acids and steroidogenesis during pubertal development in the rat testis.

Abstract Changes in expression of Leydig cell 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase (P450 17α ) messenger RNA (mRNA) during pubertal development have not been well characterized in the rat. In the present study, expression of 3βHSD and P450 17α were determined in frozen sections of testes of immature (days 21 and 28), pubertal (days 45 and 60) and adult (day 90) rats by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes and quantified densitometrically. Measures of steroidogenesis in this study, 3βHSD and P450 17α enzyme activities per testis and plasma testosterone concentration, increased during pubertal development, peaking at 45–60 days of age. Expression of 3βHSD protein, a marker for Leydig cell function, was abundantly immunolocalized to the interstitial compartment of the testis. Quantified densitometrically, the amount of 3βHSD protein did not vary significantly during pubertal development. Transcripts of 3βHSD and P450 17α were expressed abundantly by clusters of immature Leydig cells in immature animals. However, in contrast to measures of steroidogenesis during pubertal development, mRNA of 3βHSD and P450 17α decreased to undetectable levels at the age of 45 and 60 days, respectively. The decline in mRNA of 3βHSD and P450 17α was confirmed by Northern analysis. Expression of 3βHSD and P450 17α transcripts rebounded in the adult at 90 days and were comparable to levels of expression observed in immature animals. These results show that during pubertal development the steady-state accumulation of mRNA of 3βHSD and P450 17α are not correlated with accumulation of 3βHSD protein, enzyme activities of 3βHSD and P450 17α , or testosterone secretion. Possible explanations of the depletion of transcripts during pubertal development include: specific inhibition of transcription, increased mRNA instability, or high translational activity.
Discussion of 'identification and estimation of nonlinear models using two samples with nonclassical measurement errors' by Carroll et al.

Carroll et al. described a very general framework for problems involving measurement errors. The approach was based on the sieve likelihood principle where the dimension of the parameter space is allowed to grow with sample size. Thus the procedure includes many well-known estimators as special cases. In this discussion, a specific class of estimators based on B-splines will be described. It is observed that certain regularity conditions will be required to ensure the existence of the maximum likelihood estimators.
SU-E-T-71: Commissioning and Acceptance Testing of a Commercial Monte Carlo Electron Dose Calculation Model (eMC) for TrueBeam

Purpose: To provide commissioning and acceptance test data of the Varian Eclipse electron Monte Carlo model (eMC v.11) for TrueBeam linac. We also investigated the uncertainties in beam model parameters and dose calculation results for different geometric configurations. Methods: For beam commissioning, PTW CC13 thimble chamber and IBA Blue Phantom2 were used to collect PDD and dose profiles in air. Cone factors were measured with a parallel plate chamber (PTW N23342) in solid water. GafChromic EBT3 films were used for dose calculation verifications to compare with parallel plate chamber results in the following test geometries: oblique incident, extended distance, small cutouts, elongated cutouts, irregular surface, and heterogeneous layers. Results: Four electron energies (6e, 9e, 12e, and 15e) and five cones (6×6, 10×10, 15×15, 20×20, and 25×25) with standard cutouts were calculated for different grid sizes (1, 1.5,2, and 2.5 mm) and compared with chamber measurements. The results showed calculations performed with a coarse grid size underestimated the absolute dose. The underestimation decreased as energy increased. For 6e, the underestimation (max 3.3 %) was greater than the statistical uncertainty level (3%) and was systematically observed for all cone sizes. By using a 1mm grid size, all the calculation results agreed with measurements within 5% for all test configurations. The calculations took 21s and 46s for 6e and 15e (2.5mm grid size) respectively distributed on 4 calculation servants. Conclusion: In general, commissioning the eMC dose calculation model on TrueBeam is straightforward and thedose calculation is in good agreement with measurements for all test cases. Monte Carlo dose calculation provides more accurate results which improves treatment planning quality. However, the normal acceptable grid size (2.5mm) would cause systematic underestimation in absolute dose calculation for lower energies, such as 6e. Users need to be cautious in this situation.
The Interaction of Personality and Job Scope in Predicting Turnover.

Abstract The interaction of employee personality characteristics and job scope in the prediction of turnover was studied. One hundred and nine individuals employed as machine operators (low-scope job) and scientific and technical personnel (high-scope job) within a large manufacturing organization were the sample. No direct relationships were found between personality characteristics and turnover for the combined sample of employees on high- and low-scope jobs. When correlational analyses were carried out within job scope samples it was evident that personality and job scope interacted in predicting turnover. For employees on high-scope jobs, turnover was negatively related to the need for achievement and positively related to the need for affiliation. Turnover was negatively related to the need for affiliation among employees on low-scope jobs. The implications of these findings for future research on turnover were discussed.
Miniiodination of gonadotropin hormones.

According to classic descriptions, the RIAs of polypeptide hormones require a radioactive tracer of high specific activity. Current methods of iodination using 1 mCi 125I produce a tracer with these characteristics; these iodinated proteins have a relatively short shelf life, however (2–3 weeks), with progressive loss of binding in the assay system, presumably due to breakdown damage. Certain modifications of a classic iodination method have produced FSH and LH tracers with lowered specific activity but greatly improved performance in the RIA system. Small amounts of radioactive 125I (0.1 mCi) are used to iodinate 2.0-eg aliquots of gonadotropins. These miniiodinated tracers showed identical or increased sensitivity in our assay system, with minimal if any changes in antibody titer despite a decrease in specific activity and a marked decrease in molar incorporation of iodine into protein (ratio of average moles of 125I to moles of protein). Antiserum dilution curves showed equal or increased binding with ...
Laboratory studies of ozone uptake on processed mineral dust

Abstract After atmospheric aging and processing, mineral dust particles are often coated with nitrates, sulfates, and organics. In this study, laboratory experiments were done to simulate possible changes in the reactivity of mineral dust particles after being processed or aged in the atmosphere. Initial uptake coefficients of ozone on processed and unprocessed dust were measured with a Knudsen cell reactor and the relative reactivities are compared. In particular, the reactive uptake of ozone with mineral oxide particles that had been pretreated by exposure to nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, and organics are compared to particles that had not been pretreated. In some cases, it was found that the reactivity of ozone with pretreated particles was significantly reduced whereas in other cases the reactivity was enhanced. For example, the reactive uptake of ozone decreased by approximately 70% for α-Al2O3 particles coated with a layer of nitrate from reaction with nitric acid compared to particles that did not have a nitrate coating, whereas pretreatment of α-Al2O3 with sulfur dioxide showed a 33% enhancement toward ozone reactivity. For organic coatings, it was determined that SiO2 particles functionalized with a C8-alkene displayed enhanced reactivity toward ozone by 40% relative to untreated SiO2, while SiO2 particles functionalized with a C8-alkane exhibited decreased reactivity by approximately 40% relative to untreated SiO2 particles. The reaction mechanism of ozone uptake with these particles is discussed, as well as the impact on the chemistry of ozone on coated mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere.
Influence of CdO on the early hydration of 3CaO.Al2O3

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal. The US produces approximately 700 metric tons of cadmium waste annually primarily from the electroplating, battery and paint industries. Cadmium waste immobilization in Portland cement concrete and subsequent shipment to landfill is a simple and cheap alternative to wet chemical remediation processes. The influence of CdO on the hydration of 3CaO{center_dot}Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} at 25 C was studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetry, and calorimetry for hydration times less than one day. The CdO had a small effect on the thermal characteristics of hydration. Slightly less heat was liberated when CdO was added to the 3CaO{center_dot}Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The presence of CdO increased the formation of the cubic hydrated phase. The cadmium was retained in the matrix as Cd(OH){sub 2}.
Isomorphy classes of k-involutions of G2

Isomorphy classes of k-involutions have been studied for their correspondence with symmetric k-varieties, also called generalized symmetric spaces. A symmetric k-variety of a k-group G is defined as Gk/Hk where θ : G → G is an automorphism of order 2 that is defined over k and Gk and Hk are the k-rational points of G and H = Gθ, the fixed point group of θ, respectively. This is a continuation of papers written by A. G. Helminck and collaborators [Involutions of SL(2, k), (n > 2), Acta Appl. Math.90(1–2) (2006) 91–119, Classification of involutions of SO(n; k; b), to appear, On the classification of k-involutions, Adv. Math.153(1) (1988) 1–117, Classification of involutions of SL(2, k), Comm. Algebra30(1) (2002) 193–203] expanding on his combinatorial classification over certain fields. Results have been achieved for groups of type A, B and D. Here we begin a series of papers doing the same for algebraic groups of exceptional type.
Problems in physical modeling of magnetic materials

Abstract Physical modeling of magnetic materials should give insights into the basic processes involved and should be able to extrapolate results to new situations that the models were not necessarily intended to solve. Thus, for example, if a model is designed to describe a static magnetization curve, it should also be able to describe aspects of magnetization dynamics. Both micromagnetic modeling and Preisach modeling, the two most popular magnetic models, fulfill this requirement, but in the process of fulfilling this requirement, they both had to be modified in some ways. Hence, we should view physical modeling as an iterative process whereby we start with some simple assumptions and refine them as reality requires. In the process of refining these assumptions, we should try to appeal to physical arguments for the modifications, if we are to come up with good models. If we consider phenomenological models, on the other hand, that is as axiomatic models requiring no physical justification, we can follow them logically to see the end and examine the consequences of their assumptions. In this way, we can learn the properties, limitations and achievements of the particular model. Physical and phenomenological models complement each other in furthering our understanding of the behavior of magnetic materials.
Countercurrent blood vessel arrangement in beaver (Castor canadensis)

The vascular anatomy of five beavers (Castor canadensis) was studied by dissection and injection of arteries and veins with vinyl acetate. There is extensive countercurrent arrangement of arteries and veins distal to and including the common iliac artery and veins. Two types of countercurrent vessels occur (1) a venae comitantes type in which two or three veins surround a central artery, and (2) a modified rete type. The retia are located proximal to the large flat tail and the webbed hind feet. Two bypass veins are described for the feet and tail and the significance of these structures in temperature regulation is stressed.
FRACTIONAL SUPERSYMMETRY AND MINIMAL COSET MODELS IN CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY

Starting from fractional supersymmetry as an extended Virasoro algebra, we generalize Felder's BRST cohomology method to construct the characters and branching functions — in terms of string functions — of the SU(2) and SU(3) coset models, for both the unitary and nonunitary cases.
Characteristics of Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancers

Background Multifocality and multicentricity are increasingly recognized in breast cancer. However, little is known about the characteristics and biology of these cancers and the clinical implications are controversial.
Lung hypoplasia and prolonged preterm ruptured membranes: a case report with implications for possible prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis.

Oligohydramnios as the cause of the nonrenal features of Potter’s syndrome has been reported by Thomas and Smith.’ Their “oligohydramnios tetrad of anomalies” included facial and ear anomalies, limb positioning defects, growth retardation, and, most important for the survival of the fetus, lung hypoplasia.’ With the trends toward observation and expectant management in preterm rupture of the membranes, the association of oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia becomes increasingly important. The following case illustrates an infant with lung hypoplasia following prolonged rupture of membranes.
The Relation of Substance Use to Trauma and Conduct Disorder in an Adolescent Psychiatric Population

ABSTRACT Substance abuse is one of the most problematic health risk behaviors among adolescents. Given that research consistently finds increased levels of substance use among adolescents with conduct problems as well as trauma-related symptoms, it is important that substance abuse be examined to better understand its role in Conduct Disorder (CD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study further explored whether these relationships were better understood with additive and interactive processes. Adolescents (N = 192) admitted to a psychiatric in-patient unit completed a standard intake evaluation, including checklists and a semi-structured interview. Levels of substance abuse were greater for those with comorbid CD and PTSD as compared with either CD only or PTSD only. This difference was best explained by interactive rather than additive processes. Therefore, treatment implications are discussed.
TGF-β signaling is required for multiple processes during Xenopus tail regeneration

Abstract Xenopus tadpoles can fully regenerate all major tissue types following tail amputation. TGF-β signaling plays essential roles in growth, repair, specification, and differentiation of tissues throughout development and adulthood. We examined the localization of key components of the TGF-β signaling pathway during regeneration and characterized the effects of loss of TGF-β signaling on multiple regenerative events. Phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) is initially restricted to the p63+ basal layer of the regenerative epithelium shortly after amputation, and is later found in multiple tissue types in the regeneration bud. TGF-β ligands are also upregulated throughout regeneration. Treatment of amputated tails with SB-431542, a specific and reversible inhibitor of TGF-β signaling, blocks tail regeneration at multiple points. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling immediately following tail amputation reversibly prevents formation of a wound epithelium over the future regeneration bud. Even brief inhibition immediately following amputation is sufficient, however, to irreversibly block the establishment of structures and cell types that characterize regenerating tissue and to prevent the proper activation of BMP and ERK signaling pathways. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling after regeneration has already commenced blocks cell proliferation in the regeneration bud. These data reveal several spatially and temporally distinct roles for TGF-β signaling during regeneration: (1) wound epithelium formation, (2) establishment of regeneration bud structures and signaling cascades, and (3) regulation of cell proliferation.
Quantum Efficiency Measurements to Deduce Non-Ideal Solar-Cell Features

Appropriate interpretation of quantum-efficiency (QE) measurements made on non-ideal solar cells often reveal subtle features of the photodiodes. QE measurements on CIGS and CdTe thin-film solar cells with CdS buffer layers demonstrate some of these features, and in each case we identify the electrical processes responsible. One well-known complication in cells with CdS buffer layers is “photodoping”, where blue light exposure increases the n-type CdS carrier density. The resulting modification of the p-n junction alters the carrier collection for all wavelengths and can lead to misinterpretation of results. The use of a white, DC-bias light during QE measurements generally solves this problem, but it has not been clear what bias light level is sufficient for accurate results. Measurements with varying intensities of DC-bias light show that complications due to CdS photoconductivity are generally mitigated near 0.05 sun intensity. Other factors which can cause misinterpretation of QE measurements include the presence of secondary barriers, and photoconductivity in the absorber layer. Numerical simulations of band profiles under various light-bias conditions are consistent with the experimental data. The analysis is used to suggest a standard set of measurement conditions for reliable QE analysis.
Characterization of Thrombolitic Bioherm Cyanobacterial Assemblages in a Meromictic Marl Lake (Fayetteville Green Lake, New York)

The Fayetteville Green Lake is a small (0.258 km2) meromictic marl lake that is host to a thrombolitic bioherm inhabited by coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria. To date there has been only limited study of bioherm cyanobacterial community ecology, and none focusing on their molecular diversity. Samples of the bioherm were collected along vertical and spatial transects on a portion of the thrombolite in early fall 2010. Cyanobacterial assemblage spatial variability and operational taxonomic unit composition was analyzed by automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). A total of 123 cyanobacterial ARISA operational taxonomic units were observed across all fingerprints. Cyanobacterial assemblages were variable across depth and spatial gradients, and may be structured by gradients in light availability and habitat stability. Cyanobacterial community fingerprints were more taxonomic unit rich, diverse, and had greater fingerprint similarity in deeper samples than those at the surface. Several operation...
The effect of preexisting hypertension on early neurologic results of patients with an acute spinal cord injury.

Retrospective case–control. To characterize changes in American Spinal Injury Association Motor Score (AMS) in patients treated with relative hypertension (HTN) (mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 85 mm Hg for 5 days) with and without preexisting HTN. A regional spinal cord injury (SCI) center in Pennsylvania, United States. All patients with an acute SCI who were treated with induced HTN (MAP goal above 85) in the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 5 days were identified. Patients were stratified based on the presence of preexisting HTN, and the change in the AMS between admission and day 5 was determined. Predictors of outcome were identified using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. Ninety-two patients met inclusion criteria of which 22 had a previous history of HTN. HTN was a predictor of poor early outcome. Patients with HTN had an average decline in their AMS of 7.6, compared with an average decrease of only 0.6 in the AMS of patients without HTN (P=0.04). HTN had no effect (P>0.05) on other in-hospital variables including length of stay, length of stay in the ICU, complications or mortality. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that diabetes, coronary artery disease and pulmonary disease had no effect on the change in AMS. Chronic HTN is an independent risk factor for poor early neurologic recovery in patients treated with relative HTN for an acute SCI. This is independent of age and other comorbidities.
Zoogeography of Northwest Atlantic opisthobranch molluscs

Currently available information on the distribution of species of the opisthobranch orders Cephalaspidea, Nudibranchia and Sacoglossa (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean is presented. Except for Sacoglossa, the fauna is markedly amphiatlantic, but the temperate West Atlantic component increases southward and dominates south of New Jersey. Species' diversity of nudibranchs and cephalaspids on the continental shelf decreases between northern New England and Cape Hatteras in association with a southward decline in the proportion of amphiatlantic species. This is not evident for the cephalaspids of the continental slope, a higher percentage of which are amphiatlantic. The entire fauna is subdivided into 5 groups: arctic, boreo-subarctic, boreal, West Atlantic temperate, and West Atlantic tropical. The latter does not extend north of Cape Hatteras, but the remaining groups broadly overlap in the northwest Atlantic. The southward limits of amphiatlantic species are presented and related to sea surface temperatures. The thermal characteristics of a critical zone between Cape Cod and Connecticut are discussed, and a maximum temperature of 15 °C is suggested for successful reproduction of the boreo-subarctic component, and 25 °C for the boreal component. The distribution of boreal species on both sides of the North Atlantic is discussed, and a suggestion is made that the southward speread of these species in North America is limited by extreme summer warming south of New Jersey, despite favorable winter temperatures, which extend much farther south.
Compatibility in a graph-theoretic setting

Abstract In ordinal models for cluster analysis, it has proved useful to study the effect of the action of dissimilarity coefficients by certain isotone mappings. The current work places these results in a graph-theoretic setting, and shows how the resulting theory extends the earlier results obtained in the ordinal models.
A Needleless Liquid Jet Injection Delivery Method for Cardiac Gene Therapy: a Comparative Evaluation Versus Standard Routes of Delivery Reveals Enhanced Therapeutic Retention and Cardiac Specific Gene Expression

This study evaluates needleless liquid jet method and compares it with three common experimental methods: (1) intramuscular injection (IM), (2) left ventricular intracavitary infusion (LVIC), and (3) LV intracavitary infusion with aortic and pulmonary occlusion (LVIC-OCCL). Two protocols were executed. First (n = 24 rats), retention of dye was evaluated 10 min after delivery in an acute model. The acute study revealed the following: significantly higher dye retention (expressed as % myocardial cross-section area) in the left ventricle in both the liquid jet [52 ± 4] % and LVIC-OCCL [58 ± 3] % groups p < 0.05 compared with IM [31 ± 8] % and LVIC [35 ± 4] %. In the second (n = 16 rats), each animal received adeno-associated virus encoding green fluorescent protein (AAV.EGFP) at a single dose with terminal 6-week endpoint. In the second phase with AAV.EGFP at 6 weeks post-delivery, a similar trend was found with liquid jet [54 ± 5] % and LVIC-OCCL [60 ± 8] % featuring more LV expression as compared with IM [30 ± 9] % and LVIC [23 ± 9] %. The IM and LVIC-OCCL cross sections revealed myocardial fibrosis. With more detailed development in future model studies, needleless liquid jet delivery offers a promising strategy to improve direct myocardial delivery.
The Stokes-Planck Theory and the Michelson-Morley Experiment

IT seems to have been implied, in recent discussions, that the Stokes-Planck ether theory, while correlating the facts of astronomical aberration and other first order phenomena having to do with the earth's motion, is also in harmony with Prof. Miller's recent experiments in which he concludes that there is an ether drift relative to the earth, amounting to zero at the earth's surface and to something of the order of 10 kilometres per second at the altitude of Mount Wilson. It would appear that this conclusion cannot be substantiated.
Passive Rational Function Fitting of a Driving-Point Impedance from Its Real Part

An important consequence of the passivity of a network driving-point impedance, Z(s), is that knowledge of its resistive part along the imaginary axis of the complex-frequency plane ( s = alpha + jomega plane) suffices for the determination of Z(s) everywhere on the complex plane. By exploiting this property we show that a passive rational function fit of the driving-point impedance of a passive network, valid over a desirable frequency bandwidth, 0 les omega les omegaBW, can be readily obtained from the sampled values of its real part over a range of frequencies 0 les omega les omegaS, where omegaBW les omegaS. The fitting algorithm proposed for this purpose is computationally simpler than related, commonly used, rational fitting processes
A LIS compiler for GCOS‐7

This paper describes the implementation of a LIS compiler for GCOS-7. LIS is a high level system implementation language developed at CII-Honeywell Bull during the middle 1970s, and experience with the language and its implementation have largely influenced the design of Ada. The design of the compiler was particularly aimed at efficient code generation. Design decisions concerning the run-time organization in relation to procedure call and separate compilation are discussed. The structure of the compiler is described. The articulation between the different phases of the code generator is emphasized. Experience with the bootstrap is related.
Lesions of Contagious Equine Metritis in Mares

Twenty-three mares were infected with contagious equine metritis organism by intrauterine inoculation, and necropsied after intervals of two to 116 days. Severe diffuse subacute salpingitis was seen in one mare, and mild multifocal subacute salpingitis was common. Severe diffuse endometritis and cervicitis initially were acute and became more severe, subacute and predominantly plasmacytic by 14 days, then declined but persisted as mild diffuse or multifocal inflammation for the rest of the experimental period. Vaginitis arose in parallel but resolved after 70 days. There were no lesions in the clitoral fossa or clitoral sinus.
Pathology of opportunistic infections in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Opportunistic infections (OI) were diagnosed by histology and culture of biopsy and autopsy material in 15 children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The opportunistic pathogens included Pneumocystic carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Candida species, Aspergillus species, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Seven of 15 patients also had multiple systemic infections with common pathogenic bacteria. Accurate diagnosis of OI in AIDS is of importance in the decision regarding the choice of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Careful histologic assessment of the biopsy specimens; awareness of unusual features such as paucity of organisms and inflammatory reaction, “histoid” variety of reaction, lack of granuloma formation, and resemblance to Whipple's disease in certain OI; and demonstration of causative organisms by appropriate special stains andlor culture are essential in the evaluation of these patients.
Laboratory and field studies of colloidal iron oxide dissolution as mediated by phagotrophy and photolysis

In a previous work, we have employed colloidal ferrihydrite impregnated with an inert radiotracer to probe the mechanistics of iron redox cycling in seawater via phagotrophic and photochemical processes. This paper reports further studies using the inert tracer technique, directed towards obtaining a more quantitative sense of the importance of phagotrophy relative to photolysis as a pathway for the production of bioavailable iron in oxygenated seawater. Our results indicate a maximal (i.e., near-surface at noon) rate of 12% per day for the photochemicallymediated dissolution of colloidal ferrihydrite. Protozoan-mediated dissolution of the same iron oxide phase proceeds at a rate ranging from 1‐6% per day, depending on grazing turnover rates. Thus, while photolysis should dominate the redox cycling of refractory iron solids in near-surface waters under bright daytime conditions, phagotrophy is likely to be a more important process overall when the entire euphotic zone is considered on a time-averaged basis.
Family experience with eating disorders scale: a systematic way to engage the family in treatment.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure congruence in perceptions of family dynamics in eating-disordered adolescents and their parents. Design and Methods A pilot sample of 35 matched parent–child dyads completed either the Parent Version or the newly modified Client Version of the Family Experience with Eating Disorders Scale (FEEDS). Findings Differences between parent and child perceptions on subscale totals were not demonstrated, but statistically significant differences on select items were shown. Practice Implications The FEEDS offers a systematic way to explore differences and commonalities in perception among family members and to engage the family in treatment.
Mindfulness disposition and default-mode network connectivity in older adults

An extensive body of research defines the default-mode network (DMN) to be one of the critical networks of the human brain, playing a pivotal functional role in processes of internal mentation. Alterations in the connectivity of this network as a function of aging have been found, with reductions associated with functional ramifications for the elderly population. This study examined associations between integrity of the DMN and trait levels of mindfulness disposition, defined by our ability to exert attentional and emotional control in the present moment, and, thereby, bring awareness to immediate experiences. Twenty-five older adults participated in the study and underwent a brief functional magnetic resonance imaging session and filled out questionnaires related to their overall health and mindfulness disposition. Mindfulness disposition was associated with greater connectivity of the DMN, specifically, in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus. Mindfulness disposition, thus, explains variance in the connectivity of one of the more intrinsic networks of the human brain, known to be critical for promoting self-relevant mental explorations and building cognitive and affective control.
Conversion of Ischemic Brain Tissue Into Infarction Increases With Age

Background and Purpose— Brain regions normal on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) but abnormal on mean transit time (MTT) maps represent tissue at risk of infarction, yet the fate of these regions is quite variable. The imperfect correlation between tissue outcome and initial imaging parameters suggests that each patient’s brain may have different susceptibility to ischemic stress. We hypothesize that age is a marker for tissue susceptibility to ischemia and thus plays a role in determining tissue outcome in human stroke. Methods— Sixty patients with acute ischemic stroke and a region of DWI/MTT mismatch that was >20% of the DWI volume were included. All patients were scanned twice, within 12 hours of symptom onset and on day 5 or later. The percentage mismatch lost (PML) was calculated as percentage of initial DWI/MTT mismatch volume that was infarcted on the follow-up MRI. The statistical analysis explored relationships among the covariates age, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) subtyp...
The Differential Effects of Concurrent Planning Practice Elements on Reunification and Adoption

Objective: The child welfare practice of concurrent planning attempts to shorten children's stays in foster care. There is very little quantitative research on concurrent planning's effects. This study examines the influence of concurrent planning practice elements (reunification prognosis, concurrent plan, full disclosure, and discussion of voluntary relinquishment) on reunification and adoption. Method: Using a sample of 885 children, an observational design, and statistical controls, children who received concurrent planning elements were compared to those who did not. Results: Findings show discussion of voluntary relinquishment to be positively associated with adoption and full disclosure to be negatively associated with reunification. Conclusions: Concurrent planning's benefits may require more intensive services to be fully realized. Care should be taken to ensure activities achieve their intended effects.
Complexation of retroviruses with polymers significantly increases the number of genes transferred to murine embryonic stem cells, but does not raise transgene expression levels

Embryonic stem cells efficiently silence retrovirus transgene expression. To help to solve this problem, retroviruses have been developed that are more resistant to silencing, such as retroviruses derived from the MSCV (murine-stem-cell virus). A complementary approach to increasing transgene expression might be to increase the number of integrated transgenes. To test this approach, we formed polymer complexes with MSCV-derived ecotropic retroviruses, concentrated them up to 40-fold and transduced two different murine embryonic stem cell lines, with a mouse fibroblast cell line as a control. The number of integrated transgenes increased more than 50-fold in the embryonic stem cell lines, yet, surprisingly, transgene expression did not increase. Interestingly, the embryonic stem cells had significantly fewer integrated transgenes than the mouse fibroblasts, even though transduction conditions were identical, which suggests that embryonic stem cells may restrict a post-binding step of retrovirus transduction.
Critical Conceptual and Methodological Considerations in Reading Intervention Research

Research designed to identify the instructional and ecological conditions that foster the development of literacy skills in children with reading disabilities reflects a complex, multivariate enterprise. In essence, such research must be able to ultimately identify the teacher characteristics and instructional components that are critical for individual children and the interrelationships among these components. The intensity and duration of instruction will differ according to the severity of deficits in either single- or multiple-component reading processes. Moreover, training in any one component may not be sufficient to produce automatic improvements in other reading skills. This article identifies a number of conceptual and methodological issues that should be considered when conducting and interpreting reading intervention research.
Equilibrium Radionuclide Gated Angiography in Patients With Tricuspid Regurgitation

Equilibrium gated radionuclide angiography was performed in 2 control groups (15 patients with no organic heart disease and 24 patients with organic heart disease but without right- or left-sided valvular regurgitation) and in 9 patients with clinical tricuspid regurgitation. The regurgitant index, or ratio of left to right ventricular stroke counts, was significantly lower in patients with tricuspid regurgitation than in either control group (range and mean ± standard error of the mean 0.4 to 1.0, 0.7 ± 0.1 versus 1.0 to 1.5, 1.3 ± 0.1 and 1.0 to 2.9, 1.5 ± 0.1, respectively, p 100 pixels over the liver automatically retained by the computer. These pixels were of phase comparable to that of the right atrium and approximately 180° out of phase with the right ventricle. In contrast, no patient with no organic heart disease and only 1 of 24 patients with organic heart disease had any pixels retained by the computer. In conclusion, patients with tricuspid regurgitation were characterized on equilibrium gated angiography by an abnormally low regurgitant index (7 of 9 patients) reflecting increased right ventricular stroke volume, increased hepatic expansion fraction (7 of 9 patients), and increased amplitude of count variation over the liver in phase with the right atrium (9 of 9 patients).
Multisensor tracking of a maneuvering target in clutter using IMMPDA filtering with simultaneous measurement update

We present a (suboptimal) filtering algorithm for tracking a highly maneuvering target in a cluttered environment using multiple sensors. The filtering algorithm is developed by applying the basic interacting multiple model (IMM) approach and the probabilistic data association (PDA) technique to a two sensor (radar and infrared, for instance) problem for state estimation for the target. A simultaneous measurement update approach is followed where the raw sensor measurements are passed to a central processor and fed directly to the target tracker. A multisensor PDA filter is developed for parallel sensor processing for target tracking under clutter. A past approach using parallel sensor processing has ignored certain data association probabilities leading to an inaccurate implementation. Another existing approach applies only to nonmaneuvering targets. The algorithm is illustrated via a highly maneuvering target tracking simulation example where two sensors, a radar and an infrared sensor, are used. Compared with an existing IMM/PDA filtering algorithm with sequential sensor processing, the proposed algorithm achieves significant improvement in the accuracy of track estimation.
Measurements of Ocean-Ripple Curvatures

As a part of the Synthetic Aperture Radar XBand Ocean Nonlinearlity - Forschungs Platform NORDSEE (SAXON-FPN) Experiment, measurements of ocean-ripple curvatures were performed with an optical sensing system supported at 30 m above the mean sea surface. At nadir, radii of curvature between 2 and 8 mm were obtained under wind speeds ranging from 2.7 to 21 m/s and generally unstable atmospheric stability conditions. The mean radii of curvature reveal a weak dependence on the wind velocity. Mean radii of curvature over clean and slick surfaces were also observed.
Sleep Disturbance and Expressive Language Development in Preschool‐Age Children With Down Syndrome

Recent evidence has suggested that sleep may facilitate language learning. This study examined variation in language ability in 29 toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) in relation to levels of sleep disruption. Toddlers with DS and poor sleep (66%, n = 19) showed greater deficits on parent-reported and objective measures of language, including vocabulary and syntax. Correlations between sleep and language were found in groups with equivalent medical and social backgrounds and after control for relevant behavioral comorbidities, including autism symptoms. These results emphasize the important role of quality sleep in all children's expressive language development, and may help increase our understanding of the etiology of language deficits in developmental disorders, potentially leading to new treatment approaches.
Three Favorite Cellular Automata

Cellular automata (CA) are attractive visually and offer strikingly simple definitions for well motivated models that can produce complex behavior. My study and research with CA began in earnest the 1990’s and since then I have explored many interesting automata. My research on CA has included models with the symmetry of snowflakes, self-organizing waves produced by prey-predator models, and cyclic CA on various nonrectangluar lattices and in three dimensions. In addition, I have explored many local image processing techniques that are essentially CA for applications to smoothing and enhancing images, and creating Vorinoi tilings and other patterns.
Catecholamine content and response to norepinephrine of middle cerebral artery.

SummaryThe norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) contents of bovine middle cerebral (MCA) and lingual (LA) arteries were determined fluorometrically. Although the amount of E was almost identical in the 2 vessels, the MCA contained almost four times as much NE as the LA. Cumulative NE dose-response curves revealed a much greater reactivity of the LA than the MCA. An inverse relationship is demonstrated between NE content and vascular reactivity to this agent, and a similar relationship is suggested between NE content and the degree of functional innervation in some vascular beds.The technical assistance of Mrs. Olha Holo-wecky is gratefully acknowledged.
Distribution and Dissipation of Aerially-applied Disparlure Under a Woodland Canopy

Aerial distribution of disparlure, the racemic form of the sex attractant of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was investigated by an air sampling technique. Temperature, humidity, and disparlure concentrations at 0.3. 8.0, and 16.9m above ground were measured intermittently for 59 days after a microencapsulated formulation had been applied by air over a forest canopy. Aerial concentration of disparlure decreased with increasing height above the ground.
A Decision Support Scheme to Maintain QoS in Weather Impacted Satellite Networks

The anti-jam advantages of higher carrier frequencies for different applications and the necessity for wider information bandwidths have led system designers to look for operational frequencies above Ku band in order to support their next generation of communications satellite systems. The undesirable of characteristics of this band is that weather impact on signal attenuation and distortion on signal fidelity is a serious concern at frequencies above 10 GHz. This paper proposes a technique to achieve optimum signal quality when the impacts of weather attenuations have become significant. Our adaptive scheme is able to estimate these attenuations using predicted weather correlated database supplied by International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunications (ITU-R) propagation models. The scheme is applied to gateway and ground terminal so that they collaborate to optimally control the channel characteristics. This paper describes a three dimensional relationships between rain attenuation (RA), frequency and rainfall rate (RR), and similarly between signal to noise ratio (SNR), weather attenuations and transmitted power. The relationships are exploited to develop an enhanced back propagation-learning algorithm that are used to iteratively tune the controller based on weather conditions and by means of SNR feedback values and other satellite parameters. The algorithm applied to a simulated model for activating the weighted Modulation/Codepoint control showed markedly improvements in ensuring optimal configuration settings and improved tolerance/safety margins for any given service level agreement (SLA) commitment.
Gonadal hormone modulation of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced antinociception and metabolism in female versus male rats

The gonadal hormones testosterone (T) in adult males and estradiol (E2) in adult females have been reported to modulate behavioral effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This study determined whether activational effects of T and E2 are sex-specific, and whether hormones modulate production of the active metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) and the inactive metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH). Adult male and female rats were gonadectomized (GDX) and treated with nothing (0), T (10-mm Silastic capsule/100g body weight), or E2 (1-mm Silastic capsule/rat). Three weeks later, saline or the cytochrome P450 inhibitor proadifen (25mg/kg; to block THC metabolism and boost THC's effects) was injected i.p.; 1h later, vehicle or THC (3mg/kg females, 5mg/kg males) was injected i.p., and rats were tested for antinociceptive and motoric effects 15-240min post-injection. T did not consistently alter THC-induced antinociception in males, but decreased it in females (tail withdrawal test). Conversely, T decreased THC-induced catalepsy in males, but had no effect in females. E2 did not alter THC-induced antinociception in females, but enhanced it in males. The discrepant effects of T and E2 on males' and females' behavioral responses to THC suggests that sexual differentiation of THC sensitivity is not simply due to activational effects of hormones, but also occurs via organizational hormone or sex chromosome effects. Analysis of serum showed that proadifen increased THC levels, E2 increased 11-OH-THC in GDX males, and T decreased 11-OH-THC (and to a lesser extent, THC) in GDX females. Thus, hormone modulation of THC's behavioral effects is caused in part by hormone modulation of THC oxidation to its active metabolite. However, the fact that hormone modulation of metabolism did not alter THC sensitivity similarly on all behavioral measures within each sex suggests that other mechanisms also play a role in gonadal hormone modulation of THC sensitivity in adult rats.
Replication Typology and Guidelines for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Initiatives.

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss the supplemental issue of the journal which examines the replication typology and guidelines for adolescent pregnancy prevention programs in America, as well as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Adolescent Health.