cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in bonnet macaque networks and social structure

Male and female behavioral differentiation is part of infant socialization. The infant monkey builds its social network through the contacts it makes with others in its society. Male and female infants begin relatively early to emphasize different relationships and activities. In some species, as among baboons, the sex roles are strongly differentiated through this process. Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) infants are integrated into society by developing a social network including virtually all members of the society. Females develop their network primarily through grooming and remain closely associated with their mothers. Males rely more heavily on the play group, which includes participating subadult and adult males. These contacts with adult representatives give models for the developing behavioral roles.
Embodiment and Coordination

Abstract Embodiment and coordination are terms I employ to describe a therapeutic stance that respects the dual nature of humans as both biological organisms and experiencing subjects. I present anxiety as an example of the kind of phenomenon, both biological and phenomenological, that can be approached from the stance of embodiment and coordination. Through the use of three case examples, I describe an approach that respects and values the ability of persons as living systems to embody and coordinate anxiety such that anxiety, once felt as scary and ‘not-me,’ can be meaningfully experienced as embodied, as ‘part of me,’ and revalued as a potential and resource of the person.
A synergic analysis for web-based enterprise resources planning systems

As the central nervous system for managing an organization's mission and critical business data, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system has evolved to become the backbone of e-business implementation. Since an ERP system is multi-module application software that helps a company manage its important business functions, it should be versatile enough to automate every aspect of business processes, including e-business.
The quest for a z-pinch based fusion energy source—a historical perspective

Ever since 1958, when Oscar Anderson observed copious neutrons emanating from a “magnetically self-constricted column of deuterium plasma,” scientists have attempted to develop the simple linear pinch into a fusion power source. After all, simple calculations show that if one can pass a current of slightly less than 2 million amperes through a stable D-T plasma, then one could achieve not just thermonuclear break-even, but thermonuclear gain. Moreover, several reactor studies have shown that a simple linear pinch could be the basis for a very attractive fusion system. The problem is, of course, that the seemingly simple act of passing 2 MA through a stable pinch has proven to be quite difficult to accomplish. The pinch tends to disrupt due to instabilities, either by the m=0 (sausage) or m=1 (kink) modes. Curtailing the growth of these instabilities has been the primary thrust of z-pinch fusion research, and over the years a wide variety of formation techniques have been tried. The early pinches were driv...
The Impact of Economic Versus Institutional Factors in Elite Evaluations of Presidential Progress Toward Democracy in Latin America

Elites’ support for democracy and their satisfaction with political leadership are important factors in evaluating Latin American leaders’ progress toward consolidating their democracies. However, we know surprisingly little about how elites understand or define democracy and thereby evaluate leaders in terms of progress toward democracy. Much literature on opinions of elites focuses on their relative interest in democratic values and formal institutions. But is progress in these two areas really of utmost importance to elites? To better understand elite views of democracy, the authors use new survey data in which elites assess current politicians’ progress toward democracy. They find that the importance of perceived progress in democratic values—civil rights and civil liberties—and formal institutions is minor compared to the impact of perceptions of economic progress; elites’ evaluations of democratic progress depend primarily on their perceptions of economic success and only secondarily on perceptions of achievement of democratic values.
Murine erythropoietin in ascitic fluid.

Administration of 0.2 ml of a 1.25% solution of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) and 500 rads of X-irradiation to BALB/c mice produced a prompt and severe reduction to hematocrit with a resultant increase in plasma levels of erythropoietin (Ep). By also giving mice treated with PHZ and irradiation an ascites from of a transplantable sarcoma, the amount of recoverable material rich in Ep could be greatly increased because ascitic fluid contained levels of Ep comparable to plasma.
Analysis of Gaussian Optical Receivers

We present some analytical methods for Gaussian optical receivers whose impulse responses of optical and electrical filters are Gaussian. We obtain the Gaussian optical receiver's eigenmodes exactly in frequency domain. Their eigenfunctions are Hermite functions multiplied by a common phase factor. Using these eigenmodes, we investigate the probability distribution functions of the electrical filter's output before the decision circuit. We derive a bit-error rate (BER) expression in a closed form using the lowest-order eigenmode. It is valid when the optical filter bandwidth is comparable to the modulation bandwidth as in conventional high capacity optical wavelength-division multiplexing transmission systems. The BER expression can be applied also to non-Gaussian optical receivers.
Physicians’ Assurances of Confidentiality and Time Spent Alone With Adolescents During Primary Care Visits

Adolescents engage in risky behaviors that can become habitual patterns for adulthood. Physicians are asked to address these behaviors confidentially to ensure the adolescents’ willingness to openly and honestly discuss these sensitive health topics.1 Although legal issues can make assuring confidentiality challenging for primary care providers to negotiate,2 a crucial first step is spending a portion of the visit without parents.3,4 Even though this policy has been promoted by the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Medical Association for 2 decades, only 40% of parents report that their adolescents had time alone with a clinician during their most recent preventive health visit.5 Interestingly, about two thirds of physicians self-report routinely spending time alone with their adolescent patients during annual visits.6 Given these discrepant reports, there is a need for more objective examinations of how often confidentiality is assured, how often adolescents are seen alone, and which physicians are more likely to do either of these. Respecting adolescent privacy and autonomy is a key component of patient-centered care. One marker of patient-centered care is motivational interviewing (MI). Therefore, we hypothesized that physicians who used MI techniques would be more likely to provide private and confidential care for their adolescent patients.
A road map to Translational Medicine in Qatar and a model for the world

Translational Medicine (TM) in Qatar is part of a concerted effort of the Qatari medical and scientific leadership supported by a strong political will by Qatari authorities to deliver world-class health care to Qatari residents while participating in the worldwide quest to bridge the gap between bench-to-bedside-to-community. TM programs should embrace the Qatar National vision for research to become an international hub of excellence in research and development, based on intellectual merit, contributing to global knowledge and adhering to international standards, to innovate by translating new and original ideas into useful applications, to be inclusive at the national and international level, to build and maintain a competitive and diversified economy and ultimately improve the health and well-being of the Qatar’s population. Although this writing focuses on Qatar, we hope that the thoughts expressed here may be of broader use for the development of any TM program particularly in regions where an established academic community surrounded by a rich research infrastructure and/or a vibrant biotechnology enterprise is not already present.
Oxygen reperfusion is limited in the postischemic hypertrophic myocardium

Studies have shown that hypertrophied hearts are unusually vulnerable to ischemia. Compromised O2 supply has been postulated as a possible explanation for this phenomenon on the basis of elongated ...
How can we investigate citation behavior?: a study of reasons for citing literature in communication

Authors' motivations for citing documents are addressed through a literature review and an empirical study. Replicating an investigation in psychology, the works of two highly-cited authors in the discipline of communication were identified, and all of the authors who cited them during the period 1995–1997 were surveyed. The instrument posed 32 questions about why a certain document was cited, plus questions about the citer's relationship to the cited author and document. Most findings were similar to the psychology study, including a tendency to cite “concept markers” representing a genre of work. Authors in communication were more likely to have an interpersonal connection to cited authors, and to cite literature reviews—their most common reason for citation. Three types of judgments about cited works were found to best predict citation: (1) that the work was novel, well-known, and a concept-marker; (2) that citing it might promote the authority of one's own work; and (3) that the work deserved criticism. Suggestions are made for further research, especially regarding the anomalous role of creativity in cited works.
New results in stable switching congestion control for satellite TCP/AQM networks

In this paper, a stable congestion controller using data-driven, safe switching control theory is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of the satellite TCP/AQM networks. First, the stable region of the Proportional-Integral (PI) parameters for a nominal model is explored. Then, a PI controller, whose parameters are adaptively tuned by switching among members of a given candidate set using observed plant data, is presented and compared with some classical AQM policy examples, such as Random Early Detection (RED) and fixed PI control. A new cost detectable switching law with the interval cost function switching algorithm is developed, which improves the performance and saves the computational cost; it is then compared with a law commonly used in the switching control literature. Finite-gain stability of the system is proven. Fuzzy logic PI controller is incorporated as a special candidate to achieve good performance at all nominal points with the available set of candidate controllers. Simulations are presented to validate the theory.
Development of a state space boiler model for process optimization

A physically based boiler model is developed to solve a set of optimization problems. The model evaluates the normal operation of a 235 MW gas/oil boiler. The model has 7 states in the process and ...
MUTAGENESIS AND CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE.

The spectra of forward-mutations occurring spontaneously (SP) or induced by X rays (X), nitrous acid (NA), or 2-aminopurine (AP) at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci of Neurospora crassa have been compared by means of tests for allelic complementation and leakiness. Such tests showed a marked correlation between the percentages of leaky mutants and mutagenic origin. High percentages were found among the NA and AP samples and low percentages among the X and SP samples. The same trend was found with regard to allelic complementation among the ad-3B mutants. A set of testers derived from a 17-complon map of the ad-3B cistron also showed that complementing NA and AP mutants have predominantly nonpolarized complementation patterns with an average complon coverage of 4.7, whereas complementing X and SP mutants have predominantly polarized patterns with an average complon coverage of 13.6. These data provide striking evidence for mutagen specificity in Neurospora and suggest, furthermore, that there is a correlation between the type of genetic alteration and the type of complementation pattern.
The integration of functional and strategic management skills in a business game learning environment

The need for expressing both functional and strategic management skills was examined in a game-based strategic management learning environment. Those possessing high skill levels outperformed those...
A piezoelectric transformer based inverter topology for immerging CCFL inverter

In this paper, different CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) inverter topologies are discussed and analyzed and are compared to the piezoelectric transformer based topology. One of the main concerns is how to over come the negative resistance and parasitic capacitance effects in each topology. CCFL tubes and their construction are described to understand the tubes electrical characteristics. Due to its size, luminance, life and efficiency, CCFLs are the preferred source of illumination for larger LCD panels. There are different well established topologies of inverters that are used to drive the CCFL. These include the Royer self resonant oscillator, Push-Pull, and Full bridge inverter. The challenge in designing an inverter is to overcome the negative resistance characteristics of the tubes and to compensate for the parasitic capacitance. These issues are discussed in detail. A driver for the tube has been simulated and implemented in the lab. The design considers the negative resistance and parasitic capacitance issues.
Effectiveness of oxygen plasma versus UHV bakeout in cleaning MEMS switch surfaces

MEMS switch reliability studies have identified contamination of the electrical contact surfaces as an important source of failure. It has been previously reported that the formation of electrically insulating organic deposits degrades switch performance by increasing contact resistance. Previously, we performed a high temperature bakeout under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) to desorb possible contaminant sources from Pt electrodes prior to cycling tests in a MEMS switch. In this work, an in-situ plasma-cleaning method of Pt is assessed for its ability to actively remove adsorbed contaminants. Microswitch contact resistance is measured before and after UHV bakeout or plasma cleaning of the switches. While plasma cleaning is seen to reduce water contact angle, it raises contact resistance. The likely reason is the formation of a metal oxide on the switch surface associated with sputtering of the plasma electrode material.
Oxidative Stress Impact on the Fertility of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine abnormality in reproductive-age women. The pathophysiology of this condition remains unclear. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome present a diverse combination of clinical complications including, psychological problems, reproductive alterations, and metabolic sequelae. In affected women, hyperglycemia, independent of obesity, promotes reactive oxygen species. The resultant oxidative stress causes extensive cellular injury, demonstrated by protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. This oxidative stress may directly stimulate hyperandrogenism. Additionally, serum total antioxidant status, is diminished in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, decreasing the body’s defense against an oxidative environment. Treatment through lifestyle intervention and medical/surgical therapy may improve metabolic consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome, including insulin resistance and reproductive status.
Rotor Unbalanced Magnetic Force in Flux-switching Permanent Magnet Machines Due to Static and Dynamic Eccentricity

AbstractThis article investigates the rotor unbalanced magnetic force characteristics of a 12-stator-slot 10-rotor-pole flux-switching permanent magnet machine due to both static and dynamic eccentricity. The equations for radial and tangential components of the unbalanced magnetic force on the rotor are formulated. The 2D finite-element analysis results for a baseline 10-kW 15,000-rpm ferrite flux-switching permanent magnet machine show that both static and dynamic eccentricity will result in a significant amount of unbalanced magnetic force in the flux-switching permanent magnet machine even under the no-load condition. This article also shows that the direction of rotor unbalanced magnetic force due to static eccentricity is fixed, while the direction of rotor unbalanced magnetic force due to dynamic eccentricity is rotating. This research clearly reveals the influence of eccentricity on the performance of flux-switching permanent magnet machine, and facilitates further research on the vibration and ac...
Landscapes of Labor: Architecture and Identity at a Mexican Hacienda

When seeking to understand past social dynamics, archaeologists often turn to architecture. This paper presents a diachronic study of the architecture of the central Mexican Hacienda San Miguel Acocotla to illuminate how the built environment may be used to control people and transform individual and community identity. Data derived from archaeological, ethnographic, and historical research together provide a rare longitudinal and detailed dataset spanning the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Using an analysis that combines space syntax and phenomenology, I find that a mid-nineteenth century renovation of hacienda architecture reflected a contemporary national program of modernization directed at redefining rural labor and community structure.
Failure of vitamin E to protect cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells against oxysterol-induced cytotoxicity.

The cytotoxicity of oxysterols including 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol (7 alpha OHC), 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (7 beta OHC), cholesterol 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxide (alpha epoxyC), cholesterol 5 beta,6 beta-epoxide (beta epoxyC), 7-ketocholesterol (7ketoC), 26-hydroxycholesterol (26OHC), cholesterol-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol (TriolC) and the possible protecting effect of vitamin E on 26OHC-induced cytotoxicity were investigated in smooth muscle cells isolated from the arteries of human umbilical cords.To study the cytotoxicity of oxysterols, the cells were incubated with each oxysterol at a level of 10 micrograms/ml from 24 to 120 hours, then 45Ca++ uptake, cytosolic free Ca++ level, [3H]thymidine incorporation, total DNA content and viable cell number were measured. Cholesterol was used as a control. For tracing the possible origin of cytotoxicity of 26OHC, cholesterol, phospholipid and 26OHC content in the membrane were investigated from 24 to 72 hours. For determining whether antioxidants had a protective ...
Characterization and comparison of structural and compositional features of planetary quadrilateral pyroxenes by Raman spectroscopy

This study reports the use of Raman spectral features to characterize the structural and compositional characteristics of different types of pyroxene from rocks as might be carried out using a portable field spectrometer or by planetary on-surface exploration. Samples studied include lunar rocks, martian meteorites, and terrestrial rocks. The major structural types of quadrilateral pyroxene can be identified using their Raman spectral pattern and peak positions. Values of Mg/(Mg + Fe + Ca) of pyroxene in the (Mg, Fe, Ca) quadrilateral can be determined within an accuracy of ± 0.1. The precision for Ca/(Mg + Fe + Ca) values derived from Raman data is about the same, except that corrections must be made for very low-Ca and very high-Ca samples. Pyroxenes from basalts can be distinguished from those in plutonic equivalents from the distribution of their Mg ′ [Mg/(Mg + Fe)] and Wo values, and this can be readily done using point-counting Raman measurements on unprepared rock samples. The correlation of Raman peak positions and spectral pattern provides criteria to distinguish pyroxenes with high proportions of non-quadrilateral components from (Mg, Fe, Ca) quadrilateral pyroxenes.
Introduction: When Peace Begets Violence

The introduction begins with a discussion of how various actors have used violence to attempt to “spoil” peace agreements, representing a real threat to peace and security in the eyes of scholars and policymakers. Yet the chapter shows that we still know little about who spoilers are, where and why they are active, and what ultimate impact their behavior has on peace, in turn preventing the development of effective policies. I make the argument for a new approach to examine spoiling broadly and cross-nationally to remedy these deficiencies. The chapter then outlines the research design and methodology for the creation and analysis of a new cross-national dataset of spoiling.
Churchill and Secret Service by David Stafford. (Woodstock & New York: Overlook Press, 1998. Pp. xiii, 386.)

Winston Churchill--the journalist, soldier, politician, statesman, and war leader-- has been the subject of much scholarship. Why then another book which explores his public life? This book explores another of Churchill's personas, one of espionage advocate, a persona more private and secretive and, therefore, less familiar. For more than sixty years, Churchill was actively involved in the gathering, promotion, and use of secret intelligence, beginning with his own youthful spying for Britain during the Spanish-American War. Little has been written about this aspect of Churchill's life, even by Churchill himself, who has written voluminously on other aspects of his life.
Screening for glaucoma in populations at high risk: The eye screening New York project

AbstractPurpose: To explore the yield and feasibility of glaucoma screening and the prevalence of glaucoma in high risk populations in New York City. Methods: A Community based glaucoma screening study was conducted in a high-risk population in NYC from 2007–2014 using fixed sites and mobile van. Participant underwent visual acuity testing, Tonopen intraocular pressure (IOP), frequency doubling technology (FDT), and optic nerve cup/disk ratio (C/D) by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Glaucoma suspects (GS) were defined by IOP ≥ 21 mm Hg, abnormal FDT, and cup/disc ≥ 0.5. Results: 8,547 where screened between 2007–2014. 54% were Hispanics and 16% were African Americans. Of the 8,547 screened 2,118 (24.94%) where referred for glaucoma evaluation, 1,243(14.63%) where referred for an ophthalmic evaluation and 5,133(60.43%) where recommended for routine eye exam. 31.96% of our screened population were uninsured and 56.85% never saw an eye doctor in their life. Having IOP ≥ 21 had 36.27fold increase in RRR of...
Soluble TWEAK may predict carotid atherosclerosis in treated HIV infection.

Background: Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (sTWEAK) has been proposed as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk. This study compares levels of sTWEAK, sCD163 and the sCD163/sTWEAK ratio in HIV-infected and uninfected patients and their associations with cardiovascular and inflammatory factors.Methods: The data for our analysis come from 274 HIV-infected adults and 59 controls. HIV participants were on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART). Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparing markers between HIV-infected participants with HIV viral load <50 copies/mL (aviremic group), HIV-infected participants with detectable viremia (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL; viremic group) and HIV negative participants. Multivariable quantile regression analyses were used to assess associations of sTWEAK and sCD163 with other markers of inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).Results: Overall, 74% of participants were male; 59% were African-Americans; median age was 40 years ...
Sampling architectures for ultra-wideband signals

Ultra-wideband (UWB) signal processing is a technology that has tremendous potential to develop advances in communication and information technology. However, it also presents challenges to the signal processing community, and, in particular, to sampling theory. This article outlines a UWB signal processing system via a basis projection and a basis system designed specifically for UWB signals. The method first windows the signal and then decomposes the signal into a basis via a continuous-time inner product operation, computing the basis coefficients in parallel. The windows are key, and we develop windows that have variable partitioning length, variable roll-off and variable smoothness. They preserve orthogonality of any orthonormal system between adjacent blocks. In this paper, we develop new windows, and give an outline for a new architecture for the projection. We then use this projection with a basis system designed to work with UWB signals, implementing modified Gegenbauer functions designed specifically for these signals.
Addressing Forest Management Challenges by Refining Tree Cover Type Classification with Machine Learning Models

The goals of this paper were twofold: to continue and refine previous research in the topic of tree cover type classification by harnessing modern machine learning models, and to extend the conclusions of that work to demonstrate that results gained from such models can be used to assist U.S. land management agencies in current challenges they face. Using the same dataset as the past study, an artificial neural network was constructed and compared with three baseline traditional machine learning models: Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and K-Nearest Neighbor. The artificial neural network achieved 97.01% ac-curacy while the best-performing traditional classifier, K-Nearest Neighbor, managed 74.61%. This mirrored the earlier results, but with higher overall accuracy on both counts. Specifically, the neural network performed 26.43% better than before, showing not only advances in machine learning algorithms over the past 18 years, but also that accuracy is now high enough to apply practically to land management issues where natural resource inventory is time-consuming and expensive.
What Makes Learning Fun? Exploring the Influence of Choice and Difficulty on Mind Wandering and Engagement during Learning

Maintaining learner engagement is critical for all types of learning technologies. This study investigated how choice over a learning topic and the difficulty of the materials influenced mind wandering, engagement, and learning during a computerized learning task. 59 participants were randomly assigned to a text difficulty and choice condition (i.e., self-selected or experimenter-selected topic) and measures of mind wandering and engagement were collected during learning. Participants who studied the difficult version of the texts reported significantly higher rates of mind wandering (d = .41) and lower arousal both during (d = .52) and after the learning session (d = .48). Mind wandering and arousal were not affected by choice. However, participants who were assigned to study the topic they selected reported significantly more positive valence during (d = .57) but not after learning. These participants also scored substantially higher on a subsequent knowledge test (d = 1.27). These results suggest that choice and text difficulty differentially impact mind wandering, engagement, and learning and provide important considerations for the design of ITSs and serious games with a reading component.
Mycoplasma hominis in nonspecific vaginitis

The prevalence of nonspecific vaginitis was 24% among 98 randomly selected women examined at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and 32% among 135 women with suspected cervicitis at the same clinic. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated more often and serum antibody levels to M. hominis were higher in women with nonspecific vaginitis than in women without nonspecific vaginitis. Similarly, the rate of isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis and the quantitative growth of G. vaginalis were higher for women with nonspecific vaginitis. Abnormal results of gasliquid chromatographic analysis of vaginal fluid and the presence of abnormal diamines in the vaginal fluid also were associated with nonspecific vaginitis and with the isolation of M. hominis, whether or not G. vaginalis was isolated. Further studies of the ecologic interactions among M. hominis, G. vaginalis, and anaerobes in nonspecific vaginitis are needed for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Provitamin A Carotenoids and Cancer Prevention

Clinical intervention trials conducted to determine the chemoprotective effect of large doses of b-carotene as a potential chemopreventive agent on the incidence of lung cancer in smokers found either no protective effect or a harmful effect. However, evidence for a protective role of whole fruits and vegetables rich in provitamin A carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) in the prevention of certain cancers and other chronic diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetics, age-related macular degeneration, UV damage in skin) continues to be reported in human epidemiological studies and small intervention trials, as well as in mechanistic studies using cell culture and animal models.
Humanistic and Existential Approaches in the treatment of PTSD

It is common for men and women to undergo potentially traumatizing events; however, some of these become traumatizing events that lead to traumatic experiences. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results not from events but from experiences, the way someone constructs meaning from an event. Medication is often helpful in the short term, but it cannot address the deep existential issues of PTSD; furthermore, its side effects often alter brain functioning in a manner counter to the positive effects of effective psychotherapy. The future of Humanistic Psychology is becoming linked to the epidemic of traumatic stress reactions. Psychotherapy has addressed the sequelae of trauma since its beginning. For decades, research studies had failed to demonstrate its effectiveness appropriately. Humanistic and existential psychotherapies were not among the treatments evaluated for a very simple reason: not enough data were available for comparisons to be made.
Topology Algorithm Enhancements for Aerial High Capacity Directional Networks

The U.S. Department of Defense with the Joint Aerial Layer Network (JALN) program has invested significant funds to develop and deploy airborne high capacity backbone systems. These systems are intended to augment and even replace existing satellite backbones which typically offer low capacity and high latency connections. One key challenge of this technology is topology formation and maintenance with highly directional links. Previously we have presented a flexible topology man-agement(TM) system for topology formation and coordination of aerial high capacity backbone networks [1] and various topology algorithm [2]. But the previously presented topology algorithms assumed that the number of antennas available to make connections was greater than the number of connections to be made and that all nodes for these connections were within radio range. In this paper, we present a generalized algorithm that allows nodes to discover and make only the connections that optimize the system as well as as a new feature to extrapolate orientation to improve the prediction of node position. Various dynamic scenarios are evaluated for comparison to previous static scenarios. 1
Anti- N -Methyl-D-Aspartat-Rezeptor-Enzephalitis, eine essentielle Differentialdiagnose in der Psychiatrie: Ein Fallbericht

Die Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-Rezeptor-Enzephalitis (Anti-NMDAR-Enzephalitis) ist eine seltene und erst seit Kurzem beschriebene Krankheit. Aufgrund der ausgepragten neuropsychiatrischen Symptome werden Betroffene oft primar an psychiatrischen Abteilungen betreut. Dieser Fallbericht soll darstellen, dass anti-neuronale Autoimmunenzephalitiden, insbesondere Anti-NMDAR-Enzephalitiden, wichtige Differentialdiagnosen fur psychiatrisch tatige Arzte und Arztinnen sind. Wir prasentieren den Krankheitsverlauf einer 18-jahrigen Patientin, welche primar aufgrund einer erstmals aufgetretenen psychotischen Storung an der 1. Psychiatrischen Abteilung im Otto Wagner Spital aufgenommen wurde. Bei fluktuierendem klinischen Verlauf wurde eine erweiterte Diagnostik durchgefuhrt und eine Anti-NMDAR-Enzephalitis diagnostiziert. Insbesondere bei jungen Frauen mit einer erstmals aufgetretenen psychotischen Storung in Kombination mit neurologischen und vegetativen Symptomen, sollte an eine Anti-NMDAR-Enzephalitis gedacht werden. Eine invasive Diagnostik mittels Lumbalpunktion ist bei entsprechendem Verdacht indiziert. Ein interdisziplinares Vorgehen ist bei diesem Krankheitsbild unabdingbar und kann fur die Erstbehandelnden eine Herausforderung darstellen. Facharzte und Facharztinnen fur Psychiatrie sollten Enzephalitiden, anti-neuronale Autoimmunenzephalitiden im Besonderen, als Differentialdiagnosen im klinischen Alltag berucksichtigen und sich mit diesen komplexen Krankheitsbildern vertraut machen.
Identification of volatile metal hydroxides with free jet expansion sampling mass spectrometry

Abstract Free jet expansion sampling mass spectrometry is a valuable tool for identifying high temperature vapor species formed in a 1 bar process. The system at NASA Glenn consists of four differentially pumped vacuum chambers. A Pt/20Rh entrance nozzle from the 1 bar process to a rapidly pumped chamber creates the free jet expansion. This is followed by a skimmer and thus an intense supersonic molecular beam is formed and directed to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. An unobstructed path to the mass spectrometer allows direct identification of condensable and non-condensable vapor species formed at 1 bar while preserving their chemical and dynamic integrity. This system has been very valuable for identification of metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides which would not have been seen in a low pressure system. We discuss studies of Si(OH)4, Al(OH)3, TaO(OH)3, B(OH)3, and CrO2(OH)2 vapors.
Clinical and Imaging Follow-Up After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Follow-up after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) still varies from institution to institution, and efforts are being made to unify post-procedure care and monitoring. In the predominantly elderly population served by TAVI, careful attention to both clinical and imaging variables is important in guiding management and future therapies, in addition to preventing functional or clinical deterioration. This follow-up should begin immediately following valve implantation and continue at 1 month and yearly intervals, and as clinically indicated. This chapter will address the issues commonly encountered in the post-TAVI period, such as medication selection, electrical disturbances, and neurologic and functional status, and help guide their workup and management. In addition, it will review the cardiac parameters that are affected by valve replacement, including the prosthetic valve itself, and the methods by which to evaluate them.
“That’s Why I Stay to Myself”: Marginalized Youth’s Meaning Making Processes of Social Disconnectedness

Nearly 15% of youth in New Orleans have been labeled “socially disconnected” from formal educational and economic systems (Babineau et al. in No longer invisible: Opportunity youth in New Orleans, http://www.thecoweninstitute.com.php56-17.dfw3-1.websitetestlink.com/uploads/OY-Data-Guide-2016-Revised-FINAL-1506966101.pdf, 2016). Socially disconnected youth face barriers to social, psychological, and economic well-being (Mendelson et al. in Public Health Rep 133:54S–64S, 2018). While there has been attention to the detrimental impacts associated with isolation in adolescence, there is a limited examination of how social isolation manifests in the lives of disconnected youth in urban communities. Data were collected from six focus groups at three youth-serving agencies in the urban south. Participants were aged 16–24 (n = 39), mixed gender, and the majority identified as African American. We utilized a thematic content analysis approach that involved multiple rounds of inductive coding. Youth reported an overarching theme of “staying to oneself’ or self-isolation. Youth constructed isolation as a complex cognitive and physical process utilized to stay safe from community and interpersonal violence. Self-isolation functioned as a tool of self-protection and as being essential to surviving and thriving amidst adversity. The consequences of self-isolation include perceptions that participants are alone to deal with life’s challenges and purposeful disengagement from community life. These findings offer a reframing of isolation that deviates from a good/bad binary to a more expansive understanding of the myriad ways isolation manifests in the lives of disconnected youth. While social service agencies aim to reconnect youth economically and academically, these findings underscore the importance of addressing upstream drivers of social disconnectedness, as well as integrating healing-centered clinical interventions.
Enhanced Dispersive Mixing in Twin-Screw Extrusion via Extension-Dominated Static Mixing Elements of Varying Contraction Ratios

Abstract Twin screw extruders (TSE) are widely used in polymer blending and compounding operations, since the relatively high stresses they impart on melts and controllable residence times make the...
Chapter 14 – Fusion Reactors

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the choices of nuclear reaction, studies the requirements for feasibility and practicality, and describes the physical features of machines that are tested. The main nuclear reactions that combine light isotopes to release energy are the D-D, D-T, and D-3He. There are advantages and disadvantages of each. The reaction involving only deuterium uses an abundant natural fuel available from water by isotope separation. A D-T reactor that yields net energy must exceed the ignition temperature of approximately 4.4 keV and have a product nτ above approximately 1014, where n is the fuel particle number density and τ is the confinement time. Several experimental machines are tested, involving an electrical discharge (plasma) that is constrained by electric and magnetic fields. One promising fusion machine, the tokamak, achieves magnetic confinement in a doughnut-shaped structure. ITER is a large fusion facility being built in France by an international consortium. Research is also under way on inertial confinement in which laser beams or charged particle beams cause the explosion of miniature D-T pellets. A neutron-free reaction involving deuterium and helium-3 would be practical if the moon could be mined for helium.
Pros and cons of prosent as an alternative to traditional consent in medical research.

In their recent article, Porsdam Mann et al propose to share biomedical research data more widely, securely and efficiently using blockchain technologies.1 They present compelling arguments for how the blockchain presents both a technological innovation, and a deontologically grounded policy innovation to traditional research consent. Their proposal can be read in conversation with a rich body of evidence to suggest current consent processes are problematic on at least one of tripartite bases in biomedical research: that it be fully informed. This response attempts to further the author’s discussion of social justice discourse in, and of their proposed prosent model to enhance engagement among under-represented and vulnerable populations in research, specifically. Motivating this response is the view that advancing technological capabilities is no doubt necessary, but on its own insufficient to reinvigorate distributive, procedural and social justice as guiding principles for con/prosent processes. I offer three pros and cons to consider in effort to deepen the model’s commitments to social justice to historically marginalised groups in the biomedical research enterprise.
Adonis in Fairyland: The Hazards of Boyhood in A Midsummer Night’s Dream

This article argues that the Indian boy of A Midsummer Night's Dream, a longstanding mystery in Shakespeare criticism, is best understood as a second iteration of Shakespeare's Adonis. Numerous sim...
Intramolecular hydroamination of trisubstituted aminoallenes catalyzed by titanium complexes of diaryl substituted tridentate imine-diols

Abstract Our laboratory has developed catalysts based on earth abundant titanium for asymmetric reactions including intramolecular hydroamination. Previously, we showed that titanium complexes of imine diol ligands showed improved enantioselectivity relative to complexes with bidentate amino alcohol ligands. As the catalyst with the highest selectivity had di-tert-butyl substitution, we sought to increase the steric protection by preparing three new ligands with diaryl substitution. These ligands were readily prepared in two steps: first, synthesis of diaryl substituted salicylaldehydes by a Suzuki coupling and second, a Schiff base condensation with a chiral amino alcohol. After characterizing the ligands, in situ hydroamination/cyclization with 6-methyl-hepta-4,5-dienylamine was carried out at temperatures ranging from 105 °C to 135 °C to give exclusively 2-(2-methyl-propenyl)-pyrrolidine with enantioselectivity up to 22 %ee. Unexpected dimerization of the catalyst resulted in reduced activity, so the reaction required a catalyst loading of 10–20%.
Pre-procedural Preparation and Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease

Gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with advanced liver disease poses various challenges, a major one being procedural sedation and its associated considerations. While sedation during endoscopy can improve patient comfort, decrease anxiety, and facilitate procedural completion, in patients with advanced liver disease, it is also associated with substantial and unique risks due to alterations in drug metabolism and other factors. As such, the choice of sedative agent(s) and related logistics may require careful inter-disciplinary planning and individualized considerations. Furthermore, a large proportion of agents require dose reductions and particular monitoring of the vital signs, level of consciousness, and other indices. In the present review, we provide a contemporary overview of procedural sedation considerations, commonly used intravenous sedatives, and second-line as well as novel sedatives for gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with advanced liver disease.
CGRP and Immune Modulation: Evidence-Based Therapy

Since the discovery of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), numerous studies have investigated its role in migraine pathogenesis. CGRP, the most common neuropeptide in the trigeminal system, causes vasodilation, upregulates nociception, and modulates regional immune mediators leading to neurogenic neuroinflammation and pain sensitization. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the superior efficacy of CGRP functional blocking monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in migraine prevention. These findings have prompted the approval of four different preparations, with three targeting at CGRP ligands and one targeting at CGRP receptors. They appear as effective and more tolerable than conventional migraine preventives. CGRP functional blocking MAbs thus are promising new additions for the treatment of migraine.
Long-Run Causal Order: A Preliminary Investigation

The concept of long-run causal order and its relationship to nonstationarity in time series data is explored using some ideas drawn from the literature on graphical causal modeling. Ordinary variables, which are nonstationary only because they are caused by a distinct nonstationary variable, are are distinguished from fundamental trends, which are nonstationary owing to their own-dynamics. Although systems of equations in which the own dynamics appears stationary may, in principle, generate nonstationary behavior through their interaction, it is argued that such behavior is nongeneric and that typically ordinary variables trend because an (often latent) fundamental trends is among their causes. The possibility of inferring the long-run causal structure almong a set of time-series variables from an exhaustive examination of weak exogeneity in irreducibly cointegrated subsets of variables is explored and illustrated.
Bile acids. 28. Gas chromatography of new bile acids and their derivatives.

Abstract The new phases OV-1 and OV-17 are compared with QF-1 in the gas chromatographic analysis of 80 methyl 5β- and 5α-cholanoates and their complete trimethylsilyl (TMSi) ethers. The 5α-cholanoates were slower than their 5β-isomers in elution from the columns by factors of 1.22, 1.11, and 1.20 for QF-1, OV-1, and OV-17, respectively. Methyl α-muricholate can be effectively separated on OV-17 from methyl cholate; the complete TMSi ethers of deoxycholate, cholate, α-, β-, and ω-muricholates can be separated on OV-17 from the TMSi ether of hyocholate. OV-17 resembles PhSi-35 in its polarity and selectivity.
Mass balance and composition analysis of shredder residue.

The process of shredding end-of-life vehicles to recover metals results in a byproduct commonly referred to as shredder residue. The four-and-a-half million metric tons of shredder residue produced annually in the United States is presently land filled. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the U.S. Department of Energy is supporting research at Argonne National Laboratory in cooperation with the Vehicle Recycling Partnership (VRP) of the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) and the American Plastics Council. This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted by Argonne to determine variations in the composition of shredder residue from different shredders. Over 90 metric tons of shredder residues were processed through the Argonne pilot plant. The contents of the various separated streams were quantitatively analyzed to determine their composition and to identify materials that should be targeted for recovery. The analysis established a reliable mass balance for the different materials in shredder residue.
Sequential therapy for advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma: Operation, chemotherapy, second-look laparotomy, and radiation therapy

In an attempt to improve the survival rates in women with advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma (abdominal spread), they were treated with sequential therapy. This consisted of operation followed by chemotherapy, second-look exploratory laparotomy, and finally whole-abdomen irradiation. Only those patients who had a complete clinical response to chemotherapy and subsequently underwent a second operation and irradiation were evaluated. Seventy-five per cent of the patients had recurrent cancer within the treated area after sequential therapy was completed. Morever, of four patients with no gross residual cancer after the second operation, three had cancer recurrences within the treated area. It is concluded that methods of treating advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma other than sequential therapy must be found.
Acoustic Coherent Backscatter Enhancement from Aggregations of Marine Animals

Abstract : LONG-TERM GOALS: The overall long-term goal for this project is to determine if and how acoustic coherent backscatter enhancement (ACBE) can be used for classification of active sonar returns in a wide variety of ocean environments. During its first eight months, this project has focused on elementary simulations of acoustic multiple scattering from aggregations of omni-directional scatterers to determine the parametric realms in which ACBE might be observed. OBJECTIVES: The detailed objectives of the current research effort are to determine the parametric dependence of ACBE peak amplitude, peak emergence rate, peak angular width, and peak time dependence. Here the independent parameters are source-scatterer range, receiving array characteristics, incident wave characteristics (wave type, waveform, frequency, bandwidth, duration), and aggregation characteristics (scatterer cross section, mean spacing, resonant frequency, overall size, etc.). Eventually, underwater waveguide characteristics will be considered as well.