cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of masticatory simulation on the translucency of different types of dental zirconia.

Abstract Statement of problem Translucent zirconia has been marketed to dentists seeking to provide esthetic monolithic dental restorations. Evidence on differences in translucency between recently introduced translucent zirconia and conventional zirconia before and after fatigue testing with thermocycling is lacking. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of fatiguing and thermocycling on the translucency of 5 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) and 3 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (3Y-PSZ) at clinically relevant thicknesses. Material and methods Translucent zirconia (BruxZir Anterior Solid Zirconia [5Y-PSZ]) and conventional zirconia (BruxZir Shaded Zirconia [3Y-PSZ]) were evaluated. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared to 0.7-mm and 1.2-mm thicknesses for each zirconia type. Four groups (n=10/group) were evaluated. Translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and light blockage percentage (Lb%) were recorded by using an integrating sphere spectrophotometer before and after fatiguing (1.2 million cycles at 110-N load with simultaneous thermocycling at 5 °C to 55 °C). Data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance for statistical significance (α=.05). CR values were compared with the reported 0.06 translucency perception threshold of the human eye. Results A statistically significant difference was found in TP, CR, and Lb% between 5Y-PSZ and 3Y-PSZ (P Conclusions Translucent (5Y-PSZ) and conventional (3Y-PSZ) zirconias evaluated in this study displayed degrees of translucency that were inversely related to the zirconia thickness. 5Y-PSZ was more translucent and blocked less light than 3Y-PSZ, but this difference may not be perceivable to the human eye. Both 5Y-PSZ and 3Y-PSZ were optically stable after fatiguing and thermocycling.
Native negotiations of missionary practices in Alta California

This paper considers how California Indians negotiated the enculturation programme of the Franciscan missions of Alta California (1769-1830s). With the founding of 21 missions in southern and central California, missionaries subjected coastal hunter and gatherers to an explicit indoctrination programme designed to convert them to the Catholic faith and to civilize them in the ways of Spanish peasants.
An unusual case of uterine PEComa presenting with disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Abstract Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are mesenchymal neoplasms originating from the perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) line. The World Health Organization (WHO) further defines PEComa as “a mesenchymal tumor composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells”. Gynecologic PEComas account for approximately ¼ of the PEComa cases reported in the literature and are histologically characterized by stromal hyalinization with complete or partial circumscription with hyaline background and diffuse, small vessel vascularity (Musella et al., 2015). Uterine PEComas typically present with vaginal bleeding and/or a uterine mass, are managed surgically with resection, and can be followed by adjuvant treatment if indicated based on pathologic risk factors for aggression. Adjuvant therapy is not standardized given the rarity of these tumors, and can include chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy (mTOR inhibitors due to common gene mutations and a hypothesized pathophysiology of this neoplasm) and/or hormones. In this case report, we describe an unusual presentation for a uterine PEComa in a woman initially complaining of worsening cutaneous bruising and petechiae, found to be in florid disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) without a clear etiology. Ultimately her extensive hematology evaluation only found a large uterine mass that appeared to be a 9 cm fibroid. She underwent hysterectomy following recovery from her DIC, and was diagnosed with a large uterine PEComa.
Case Study : Environmental Safety Monitoring System For Sidewalk

The Bureau of Engineering of the City of Los Angeles maintains over 7,500 miles of sidewalk. When a slab of concrete on the sidewalk does not settle evenly or has been raised up because of tree-root growth, the slab is not even with the neighboring slabs. This can cause pedestrians to stub their toes or even trip and fall, leaving the city open to damages. In addition, the city is obligated to maintain its sidewalks in conformance to federal standards, which limit sidewalk slope to no more than +/- 2% relative to the street. Currently, the Department measures sidewalks using manual level-measuring tools. This process is labor intensive and cannot be effectively scaled to the city's 7,500 miles of sidewalk. In this work we develop a semi-automated IoT-based sidewalk monitoring platform to effectively monitor the sidewalk condition. The Edge portion of the platform—Edge in IoT terms—is composed of a Raspberry Pi 3 B+, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a camera, and a GPS module. We use the accelerometer and gyroscope to measure the sidewalk slope, the camera to take images of the sidewalk, and GPS module to collect location data. The collected data is saved in the on-board memory of the Raspberry Pi. Upon returning to a base station, the collected data is uploaded to the City Cloud server using Apache NiFi and MiNiF. Users can then examine the slope and image data. In addition, while collecting data in the field, the staff can view the data collected in the Raspberry Pi using the web-app installed on a mobile device such as a phone or a tablet. If the Internet connectivity is available on the mobile device, the collected data is uploaded to back-end server in the field. Otherwise, we use ad-hoc network to communicate with Raspberry Pi. Experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the design and implementation of the Edge data collection platform.
Using performance-based warranties to influence consumer purchase decisions

AbstractTraditional warranty analysis focuses on the reliability of a product and offers warranty designs that compensate a consumer if the item fails. We introduce the concept of a performance-bas...
Ultrasound diagnosis of medial clavicular epiphysis avulsion fracture in a neonate

Clavicle fractures are the most common bony injury that occurs during the delivery process. We present a case of medial clavicular physeal fracture mimicking sternoclavicular dislocation diagnosed by ultrasound (US) in a neonate. The infant presented to our clinic at 12 days old with improving left upper extremity pseudoparalysis and outside radiographs interpreted as left sternoclavicular dislocation. US demonstrated a displaced physeal fracture rather than a dislocation. The radiologist should be aware of this potential distinction. Our case shows the usefulness of US in obtaining the definitive diagnosis without the need for radiation or sedation, demonstrates a unique use of this modality, and illustrates that US should be considered for clarification in future cases of suspected sternoclavicular injury in the neonate.
Postnatal development of diving physiology: implications of anthropogenic disturbance for immature marine mammals

ABSTRACT Marine mammals endure extended breath-holds while performing active behaviors, which has fascinated scientists for over a century. It is now known that these animals have large onboard oxygen stores and utilize oxygen-conserving mechanisms to prolong aerobically supported dives to great depths, while typically avoiding (or tolerating) hypoxia, hypercarbia, acidosis and decompression sickness (DCS). Over the last few decades, research has revealed that diving physiology is underdeveloped at birth. Here, I review the postnatal development of the body9s oxygen stores, cardiorespiratory system and other attributes of diving physiology for pinnipeds and cetaceans to assess how physiological immaturity makes young marine mammals vulnerable to disturbance. Generally, the duration required for body oxygen stores to mature varies across species in accordance with the maternal dependency period, which can be over 2 years long in some species. However, some Arctic and deep-diving species achieve mature oxygen stores comparatively early in life (prior to weaning). Accelerated development in these species supports survival during prolonged hypoxic periods when calves accompany their mothers under sea ice and to the bathypelagic zone, respectively. Studies on oxygen utilization patterns and heart rates while diving are limited, but the data indicate that immature marine mammals have a limited capacity to regulate heart rate (and hence oxygen utilization) during breath-hold. Underdeveloped diving physiology, in combination with small body size, limits diving and swimming performance. This makes immature marine mammals particularly vulnerable to mortality during periods of food limitation, habitat alterations associated with global climate change, fishery interactions and other anthropogenic disturbances, such as exposure to sonar.
Phase Diagram and Conductivity of Zn(TFSI)2–H2O Electrolytes

A binary phase diagram of zinc bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and water, Zn(TFSI)2–H2O, was mapped out from 0 to 0.375 mole fraction of salt, revealing the existence of di-, tetra-, hexa-, and o...
The non-predicative copula construction: A multiple-grammar perspective

Abstract The multiple-grammar model (Iwasaki 2015) was proposed based on the observation that the same speaker produces radically different forms of language in the spoken and written modes of language use. The model relies strongly on recent developments in usage-based grammars and cognitive linguistics, and considers speakers’ actual experience as the key to developing different grammatical systems in two distinct linguistic environments. It also acknowledges that a speaker may develop different systems (e.g. grammars) in different varieties, such as conversations and public speeches, within the same mode of language use. In order to understand how such grammatical varieties are structured, we focus in this paper on copula (desu) constructions in Japanese, which include a typical predicative copula construction (PCC), e.g. hon desu ‘(it) is a book,’ an unusual non-predicative copula construction (NPCC), e.g. soshite desu ne ‘then, you know,’ and the formulaic copula constructions (FCC), e.g. soo desu ne ‘that’s right.’ These constructions are distributed differently not only across speech activities, but also across individual speakers. This paper suggests that speakers’ differential experiences with the constructions used in different speech activities may be the cause of such variability.
Effects of an external focus of attention and target occlusion on performance in virtual reality.

Abstract The use of virtual reality as a training mechanism continues to gain popularity as equipment becomes more readily available. It is important to not only understand the relationship between virtual reality training and motor learning, but to understand the extent to which practice manipulations enhance performance in virtual reality. One common practice manipulation is adopting an external focus of attention, which has been shown to facilitate motor learning in a variety tasks. The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness of an external focus of attention and the effects of target occlusion times in virtual reality. Fifty-six participants performed a single-leg long jump during baseline, training, and retention and were randomly assigned to either an external or control group. During baseline and retention, all participants performed the task in both a virtual reality (VR) and real world (RW) environments. Training was all done in VR where participants were provided an external focus cue or no cue. Results revealed that individuals jumped significantly further in RW than VR in both baseline and retention (p
The Relationships among Expected Inflation, Disagreement, and Uncertainty: Evidence from Matched Point and Density Forecasts

Abstract This paper examines matched point and density forecasts of inflation from the Survey of Professional Forecasters to analyze the relationships among expected inflation, disagreement, and uncertainty. We undertake the empirical analysis within a seemingly unrelated regression framework and derive measures of uncertainty using a decomposition proposed by Wallis (2004, 2005) and by drawing on the concept of entropy. The results offer little evidence that disagreement is a useful proxy for uncertainty and mixed evidence that increases in expected inflation are accompanied by heightened uncertainty. Conversely, we document a quantitatively and statistically significant positive association between disagreement and expected inflation.
Mechanisms of entrainment in a turbulent boundary layer

Data from direct numerical simulation of a zero-pressure-gradient incompressible turbulent boundary layer (TBL) [You and Zaki, “Conditional statistics and flow structures in turbulent boundary layers buffeted by free-stream disturbances,” J. Fluid Mech. 866, 526 (2019)] are analyzed to examine the entrainment process. The two mechanisms by which the outer irrotational flow can be entrained into the turbulent region and their relative contribution to the growth of the spatially developing boundary layer are evaluated: (i) nibbling is the enstrophy transport across the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI), and (ii) engulfment is the entrapment of pockets of irrotational flow inside the TBL prior to finally breaking apart. The relative importance of the two mechanisms depends on the normalized vorticity threshold adopted to identify the TNTI. Our choice of this threshold highlights the structure of the TNTI and entrainment within this layer by engulfment of irrotational pockets. The sizes of the engulfed pockets are of the same order as the heads of the hairpin vortices underneath the TNTI. The vortices straddle larger streaky structures of internal layers and cause handle shaped deformations on the TNTI, which leads to engulfment as they fold onto themselves and entrap the external potential flow. Three dynamical regions are distinguished: a TNTI region (interface layer), an adjustment region, and the turbulent core. The first of these is further sub-divided into a viscous superlayer and a turbulent sublayer. It is shown as the irrotational fluid elements cross the interface layer toward the turbulent core, a smooth transition from the non-focal topology to the well-known primarily focal topology of fully developed turbulence occur. The viscous superlayer is similar to previously studied flow configurations, such as jets and mixing layers. In contrast, vorticity stretching in the turbulent sublayer is significantly weaker in the boundary layer relative to free-shear flows, which results in a smaller rate of entrainment by nibbling.
Pathogenic Mutations and Atypical Flow Cytometric Findings Characterize the Majority of Unclassifiable Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Objectives Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are a group of rare and heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders that frequently present a diagnostic challenge. Here we present our institutional experience with next-generation sequencing (NGS), together with morphologic, flow cytometric, and cytogenetic evaluation, in the diagnosis of MDS/MPN, with particular emphasis on MDS/MPN unclassifiable (MPN-U). Methods We evaluated the morphologic, flow cytometric, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics of all MDS/MPN cases that underwent NGS at our institution between April 2016 and February 2019. Results Thirty-seven cases of MDS/MPN were identified, including 14 cases of MDS/MPN-U. Ninety-seven percent harbored mutations and immunophenotypic aberrancies (36/37), while only 38% had cytogenetic abnormalities (12/32). The MDS/MPN-U group had the highest rate of myeloblast phenotypic abnormalities and had a high mutation rate of approximately 2.7 mutated genes per case, most commonly in JAK2, SRSF2, and ASXL1. Conclusions No single ancillary study was abnormal in every case, but all cases had at least one abnormal finding, demonstrating the usefulness of a multiparameter approach to the diagnosis of MDS/MPN. Although a few specific mutations were found exclusively in MDS/MPN-U and JAK2 mutations were most prevalent, larger studies are needed to determine whether MDS/MPN-U has a mutational "fingerprint," which may aid in diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Implementation and de-implementation of hydroxychloroquine among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at a large university-affiliated hospital system

Introduction: There has been a rush to find a cure for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the early days of the pandemic. Drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine used to treat malaria, and autoimmune disorders received a lot of media attention and an emergency use authorization by FDA early on, which was withdrawn in June 2020. The aim of this study was to assess the trends of medication use among COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study was conducted at a large university-affiliated hospital system. The study collected data from electronic medical records on all COVID-19 patients from March-November 2020. Data was also collected on medication usage for all patients in 2019. The association of death/hospice with each medication usage among inpatient COVID-19 patients was assessed using unadjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: Among all COVID-19 inpatient admissions, up to 50% of all hospitalized patients received Hydroxychloroquine and 7% overall during the study period. Hydroxychloroquine was not associated with death/hospice in inpatient COVID-19 patients. The use of Hydroxychloroquine was higher in the initial months of the pandemic coinciding with initial recommendations and increased news media coverage. On March 20, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave Hydroxychloroquine an emergency use authorization (EUA). In March, Hydroxychloroquine was given to 50% of COVID-19 patients. As more evidence was published, the use of Hydroxychloroquine declined in April, and by April 24, the FDA issued a warning against the use of Hydroxychloroquine. Utilization had dropped to 32% of hospitalized patients. By June 15, the FDA had rescinded the EUA given to Hydroxychloroquine with utilization less than 2% by June 1 in hospitalized patients. Conclusion: In the time of rapid nontraditional communication of disease therapies, Hydroxychloroquine utilization in COVID-19 may have demonstrated most rapid implementation and de-implementation of any intervention in modern medicine. (Table Presented).
Investigating health-related knowledge and independence for physical and mental health conditions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Background Young adults with autism spectrum disorder’s (YA-ASD) ability to manage their healthcare needs is imperative as they transition to adult care. Method This study evaluated YA-ASD’s knowledge and care-seeking behavior for Physical and Mental Health (PH/MH) conditions. Caregivers (n = 501), of YA-ASD 16–25 years completed surveys. This study examined the extent to which YA-ASD could describe and seek care for their physical and mental health conditions (i.e. describing and care-seeking behaviors). Multivariate analyses further evaluated YA-ASD’s ability to and predictors of describing and care-seeking behaviors. Results YA-ASD had high rates of PH and MH conditions. Describing and careseeking behavior was significantly higher for PH versus MH conditions (p Regression analysis showed similar predictors for describing and care-seeking behaviors regardless of condition type. Intellectual disability and ASD-symptom severity were strong predictors (p Conclusions Results reveal a need for interventions focusing on empowering YAASD to manage MH conditions.
Time Above All Else: Pharmacodynamic Analysis of β-Lactams in Critically Ill Patients.

β-Lactams are the most commonly used antibiotics in intensive care units (ICUs). As critically ill patients often experience pharmacokinetic aberrations, and rates of antimicrobial resistance vary between hospital settings, reliance on tertiary sources or package labeling to guide empiric dosing often results in suboptimal β-lactam exposure. The primary objective was to identify β-lactam regimens capable of achieving ≥90% cumulative fraction of response (CFR) against 7 Gram-negative pathogens within 4 ICUs at our institution. Unit-specific minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution data was used in combination with published pharmacokinetic parameters in critically ill patients to perform Monte Carlo simulations. The percentage of time for which the unbound concentration of antibiotic remained above the MIC (%ƒT > MIC) was used as the pharmacodynamic target: 70%ƒT >MIC for cefepime, 40%ƒT > MIC for meropenem, and 50%ƒT > MIC for piperacillin/tazobactam. Regimens were modeled to determine the likelihood of achieving ≥90% CFR. Overall, intermittently dosed cefepime, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam failed to achieve ≥90% CFR for every organism. Cefepime 2 g intermittent bolus every 8 hours failed to achieve ≥90% CFR for Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter cloacae despite susceptibility rates exceeding 90%. Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g prolonged infusion (PI) every 6 hours achieved <85% CFR for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and <50% CFR for Acinetobacter baumannii in every ICU. Meropenem 2 g PI every 8 hours and meropenem 2 g PI every 6 hours were the only regimens capable of achieving ≥90% CFR for P aeruginosa in all units. Use of Monte Carlo simulations, with incorporation of local MIC distribution data, provides a mechanism to effectively predict optimal agent and dose selection within specific hospital systems, thereby enhancing pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic optimization and improving clinical efficacy.
Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast

Abstracte Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma is categorized as a rare variant of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. It has some distinct, although not specific, histological features and immunophenotype. It shares characteristics with both benign and malignant breast lesions and often poses diagnostic challenges. Different from most triple-negative breast carcinomas, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma has a relatively indolent clinical behavior. It is important to recognize this lesion for appropriate management. Due to its rarity, many aspects of this lesion remain unclear. Further studies are necessary for a more accurate diagnosis and better management.
Pharmacokinetic studies of DISIDA disposition

The whole blood pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered 99mTc-disofenin (DISIDA) has been studied in normal human subjects and patients with documented liver disease. The apparent overall whole blood disposition rates of radioactivity were calculated from serial blood data, in order to evaluate liver clearance of DISIDA. The measurements obtained clearly discriminated 9 normal subjects from 7 patients with severe liver disease causing jaundice-1233 mls/min vs 384 mls/min (P<0.002). Nine subjects with liver disease of insufficient severity to cause jaundice also had clearly abnormal DISIDA disposition-642 ml/min (P<0.05 for difference to controls). The time activity curves from all subjects showed biexponential elimination of blood activity, with a rapid (T1/2=3.8 min) and a slow disposition phase (T1/2=75 min) in normals. These curves were fitted by computer to the timed rate of hepatic uptake, simultaneously obtained by gamma imaging over the liver. It was not possible to satisfactorily fit these using a model which assumed distribution of a single compound within two body compartments. However, another which assumed the administration of two radioactive agents satisfactorily fitted the two types of data. This conclusion is consistent with our animal experiments which indicate the existence of two compounds in injected DISIDA with contrasting high and low hepatic extraction efficiency (Fraser et al. 1988). A pharmacokinetic approach to DISIDA disposition can yield quantitative information which discriminates different degrees of liver dysfunction, but the mechanisms involved are more complicated than previously thought, so that further study should permit very precise quantification.
EFFECT OF PHORBOL DIESTERS, SYNTHETIC DIACYLGLYCEROLS, AND A PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR ON THE HUMAN SPERM ACROSOME REACTION

The acrosome reaction of spermatozoa may be analogous to various somatic cell exocytotic events that incorporate cascade reactions. One such cascade system involves the hydrolysis of a membrane-bound phospholipid; generation of the intracellular second messenger, diacylglycerol; and activation of protein kinase C, followed by the phosphorylation of a number of intracellular proteins. Stimulators of protein kinase C, phorbol diesters and synthetic diacylglycerols, were evaluated to determine if this system functions in the human sperm acrosome reaction. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate caused a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in the acrosome reaction of capacitated spermatozoa. Conversely, an inactive phorbol diester had no significant (P greater than 0.05) stimulatory effect on the acrosome reaction. The synthetic diacylglycerols, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol caused a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in the acrosome reaction of capacitated spermatozoa, and to a similar extent as the phorbol diesters. A nonactivating isomer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol, 1,3-diolein, had no significant (P greater than 0.05) stimulatory effect on the acrosome reaction. Protein kinase C activation is a diacylglycerol-dependent and Ca2(+)-dependent process, and stimulation of the acrosome reaction by 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol required the presence of calcium ions in the capacitation medium. An inhibitor of protein kinase C, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), prevented the diacylglycerol-induced acrosome reaction (P less than 0.01). These results support the hypothesis that protein kinase C, via activation by the intracellular second messenger diacylglycerol, has a role in the human sperm acrosome reaction.
Specific cleavage of blotted proteins at cysteine residues after cyanylation: Analysis of products by MALDI-TOF

Publisher Summary This chapter describes efficient procedures for cleaving proteins bound to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. The reagent 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid (NTCB) is ideal for cleaving proteins at fully reduced Cys residues under relatively mild conditions. The cleavage is efficient and offers high potential for distinguishing cysteine residues from cystine residues in proteins where both are present and for assigning disulfide bonds. The chapter describes a procedure for cleaving proteins with NTCB after they have been separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis and electro-blotted to PVDF membranes. Cyanylation occurs best at pH 8 with a 4-fold excess of NTCB over SH groups, whereas cleavage occurs best at pH 9. However, after cyanylation, there is always equilibrium between cleavage and β-elimination. The resulting fragments are analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, an analytical method that is powerful for identifying resulting fragments simply by their mass. Most of the expected fragments are found for complete cleavage. Analyzing the products by MALDI-TOF gives a clear idea of the extent of the side reactions.
High-index dielectric Huygens metasurface

We describe a dielectric Huygens metasurfaces capable to manipulate light in the visible regime with 100% transmission efficiency. The metasurface is comprised of TiO 2 cylindrical nanoparticles embedded in a medium with lower refraction index. The interaction between dielectric disks is considered and it is used as a parameter to optimize the optical properties of the metasurface.
A Compact Multiband and Wideband Bioinspired Antenna for Wireless Mobile Devices

A compact multiband and wideband biologically inspired antenna with a shape borrowed from the creatures with curved antennae is presented. The radiator is symmetric coplanar striplines modeled based on a stepped Chebyshev transformer. The designed steps are smoothed through curve fitting. The flare's opening rate is set using the software to achieve the required resonant frequency. Multi tapers are used in order to enhance the impedance bandwidth and the coverage of wireless bands. Depending on the flare's opening rates multiband or wideband designs are resulted. The validity of the method is verified through simulations and measurements of an experimental design example. The fabricated antenna's center frequency is 2.4 GHz and the substrate is FR-4 with a dielectric constant 4.35 and thickness of 3.2 mm. The proposed design covers the WiBro, wireless local area network, and Bluetooth bands. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:3019–3022, 2013
Primate Behavioral Ecology

Primate Behavioral Ecology. Karen B. Strier. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2000. 392 pp.
Band Structure, Fermi Surface, and Knight Shift of Indium Metal

The orthogonalized-plane-wave (OPW) method has been applied to calculate the energy levels at several symmetry points in the Brillouin zone in indium metal. The calculated energy values were utilized to obtain parameters for the pseudopotential interpolation scheme. Using these parameters, a number of dimensions of the second- and third-zone Fermi surface were calculated and compared with experimental results from de Haas-van Alphen and magnetoacoustic measurements. The calculated Fermi surface qualitatively resembled that expected from the nearly-free-electron approximation. There were, however, differences in detail which brought the theoretical results into better agreement with experiment. The effect of spin-orbit interaction on the band structure was found to be small. The conduction-electron wave functions were calculated at a number of points on the Fermi surface using the OPW method. These wave functions were used to calculate the isotropic Knight shift, which was found to be 0.81%, in good agreement with experiment.
TH‐C‐330A‐06: Effects of KVp Setting and Radiation Dose On Calcification Visibility in Cone Beam CT

Purpose: To investigate how the kVp setting and radiation dose affects the detection of microcalcifications in cone beam CT(CBCT).Materials and Methods:Calciumcarbonate grains, ranging from 200–212 to 355–425 micron, were used to simulate microcalcifications. The simulated microcalcifications from the same size were arranged to form a 5×5 microcalcification cluster. Each cluster was embedded between two slices of a stacked lunch meat and positioned at the center of each slice of the lunch meat. The lunch meat was then imaged with an experimental CBCTsystem, which employs a 30 × 40 cm2 a‐Si/CsI based flat panel detector with a pixel size of 194 microns. 300 projection images over 360 degrees were acquired in the non‐binning mode at two kVp setting (60 and 80 kVp) and various doses (4.2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mGy). The projection images were reconstructed with the Feldkamp algorithm. After that, 767×767×9 volume data were extracted from the CBCTreconstructed images for each MC size group and each dose level as well as each kVp. The images were sequentially displayed on a review workstation with a 1600×1200 CRT monitor and reviewed by six readers independently. The order of the images was randomized for each reader. The readers were asked to count the number of visible microcalcifications. The ratios of the visible microcalcifications were averaged over all readers. Student t‐test was used to compute the p values. Result: For 80 kVp, the images acquired with 4.2 mGy performed similarly to those acquired with 6 mGy (p > 0.05) for each MC size. Additionally, the images acquired with 18 mGy performed similarly to those with 24 mGy (p > 0.05) for most MC sizes. This work was supported in part by a research grant EB000117 from the NIBIB and a research grant CA104759 from the NCI.
Manifestations and Treatment of the Hand in Adult Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is a rare enzymatic disorder of heme metabolism, leading to the accumulation of porphyrins in the skin and subdermal structures. We present the case of a 34-year-old, right-hand-dominant, male patient with CEP. The patient had developed a chronic open subluxation of the left index finger proximal interphalangeal joint due to skin necrosis. We successfully treated the patient with proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis. This case demonstrates that childhood-onset CEP can also manifest in the adult hand. Considering the patient's age, the destructive nature of the disease, and the poor quality of function in older patients with childhood CEP, surgical intervention was necessary to avoid further digital length loss. Although the treatment described in this case report is not uncommon, we found it essential to present this case because the clinical presentation of CEP is rare.
A note on geography, institutions, and income inequality

Abstract Past studies have linked geography and history to institutions and income. But how have they influenced income inequality? I consider long-run determinants of income inequality using a cross-section of countries. Only being landlocked has a strong association with inequality.
Frequent resistance of clinical group b streptococci isolates to clindamycin and erythromycin

Abstract Objective: To determine both the frequency of reported penicillin allergy in parturients and the frequency of resistance in vitro of clinical isolates of group B streptococci to clindamycin and erythromycin. Methods: One hundred clinical isolates of group B streptococci were tested to determine the frequency of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, vancomycin, and cefazolin. The frequency of beta-lactam allergy and reported allergic reaction also were recorded for all consecutive laboring women during the 4-month study. Results: The frequency of group B streptococcal resistance to clindamycin was 15% and to erythromycin was 16%. No isolates were resistant to penicillin G, vancomycin, or cefazolin. Twelve percent of the 963 women who delivered during the study reported a penicillin allergy, but only 30% of those could describe their allergic reaction. Conclusion: In vitro resistance of group B streptococci to clindamycin and erythromycin occurred frequently in this population. Whereas the importance of this finding in vivo is uncertain, it raises concern about the possibility of inadequate prophylaxis using currently recommended alternatives in penicillin-allergic patients. Artful questioning of women reporting penicillin allergy may lessen the likelihood of using these less desirable agents in the setting of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Maternal Smoking Cessation and Reduced Academic and Behavioral Problems In Offspring

Background There is some debate whether smoking during pregnancy causes or is only a risk factor for negative academic outcomes and increased risk of psychopathology in offspring. This study evaluated whether maternal smoking cessation would reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in school-aged children.
Experimental Characterization of Micromachined Electromagnetic Probes using Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy

We present the experimental characterization of micromachined electromagnetic probe using scanning Hall probe microscopy. The tested electromagnetic probe consists of a protruding sharp Permalloy needle embedded into a three-dimensional gold conducting coil, which is fabricated with a simple and straightforward micromachining process. By using a scanning Hall probe microscope, a comprehensive high-spatial resolution characterization of the probe performance (e.g. peak magnetic intensity and spatial field distribution) is achieved for the first time.
Parent-reported Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity symptomatology in preschool-aged children: factor structure, developmental change, and early risk factors.

Although Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has increasingly been studied in preschool-aged children, relatively few studies have provided a comprehensive evaluation of the factor structure and patterns of developmental changes in parent-reported ADHD symptomatology across the early childhood period. This study used confirmatory factor analyses to test for longitudinal measurement invariance of ADHD symptoms and semi-parametric finite mixture models to identify prototypic patterns of developmental changes in ADHD symptomatology from 3 to 5 years of age. Participants were 1155 children and their parents who participated in a prospective longitudinal study involving a representative sample of children who resided in six non-metropolitan counties in the United States. Results indicated that (1) ADHD symptomatology was best represented by a single latent factor that exhibited partial measurement invariance from 3 to 5 years of age, (2) 8.5 % of children exhibited sustained high levels of ADHD symptoms from age 3–5 years, and (3) a variety of risk factors differentiated children with sustained high from those with sustained low levels of ADHD, relatively few (most notably caregiver education) were able to differentiate children with sustained high levels of ADHD symptoms from all other groups. Children who exhibit persistent ADHD symptomatology across the early childhood period may define a clinically important group for etiologic research and/or early intervention efforts.
Activation of a p53-independent, Sphingolipid-mediated Cytolytic Pathway in p53-negative Mouse Fibroblast Cells Treated with N-Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Sphingolipids such as ceramide are important mediators of apoptosis and growth arrest triggered by ligands such as tumor necrosis factor and Fas-L binding to their receptors. When LM (expressing p53) and LME6 (lacking p53) cells were exposed to the genotoxinN-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), both cell lines underwent cytolysis in a very similar manner, suggesting the presence of a p53-independent apoptotic response to this genotoxic stress. To determine whether sphingolipids such as ceramide might serve as mediators in this system, the responses of these cells to exogenous sphingolipids as well as their changes in endogenous sphingolipid levels after DNA damage were examined. Treatment with exogenous C2-ceramide and sphingosine led to cell death in both LM and LME6, and treatment of the LME6 cells with MNNG resulted in a transient increase in intracellular ceramide of ∼50% over a period of 3 h. Finally, treatment with the de novo inhibitor of ceramide synthesis ISP-1 protected LME6 cells from MNNG-triggered cell death. This MNNG-triggered induction of ceramide was not observed in the p53-expressing LM cells, suggesting that it may be down-regulated by p53. Although ceramide-mediated cell death can proceed in the absence of p53, exogenously added C2-ceramide increased the cellular p53 level in LM cells, suggesting that the two pathways do interact.
Temperature dependence of pressure broadening and shifts of acetylene at 1550 nm by N2

Pressure broadening and shift coefficients for the ν1 + ν3 band of 12C2H2 perturbed by N2 have been measured at temperatures of 195, 373, and 473 K using high resolution tunable diode laser spectroscopy. The pressure broadening and shifts follow patterns with rotational assignment that are similar to those at room temperature but are generally larger in magnitude as temperature decreases. The change in magnitude of the pressure broadening is described by assuming a power law dependence on temperature for each transition.
Out-of-core visualization of time-varying hybrid-grid volume data

Traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers are usually written for a single gridding paradigm such as structured-Cartesian, structured-body-fitted, or unstructured grids. Each type of mesh paradigms has inherent advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the methods of coupling multiple mesh paradigms have been developed to facilitate the use of different solvers in different part of the computational domain. However, the complex hybrid gridding paradigm poses challenges to rendering calculations for visualizing the data. This paper describes a volume visualization system for time-varying adaptive moving-body CFD datasets, where the grid system consists of unstructured grids near the body surface, coupled with Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (SAMR) grid in the off-body domain. We present two approaches to the hybrid-grid volume ray casting: a KD-tree based single-pass algorithm, and a multi-pass algorithm using the depth peeling technique. The system has a three-level memory hierarchy: GPU memory, main memory, and a solid state drive (SSD). Through data caching and prefetching within the memory hierarchy, the latency of time-step swapping can be hidden. Experimental results show that our system allows interactive volume exploration on single-GPU commodity PCs.
Three residues of the interdomain linker determine the conformation and single-base deletion fidelity of Y-family translesion polymerases.

Dpo4 and Dbh are from two closely related Sulfolobus species and are well studied archaeal homologues of pol IV, an error prone Y-family polymerase from Escherichia coli. Despite sharing 54% amino acid identity, these polymerases display distinct mutagenic and translesion specificities. Structurally, Dpo4 and Dbh adopt different conformations because of the difference in relative orientation of their N-terminal catalytic and C-terminal DNA binding domains. Using chimeric constructs of these two polymerases, we have previously demonstrated that the interdomain linker is a major determinant of polymerase conformation, base-substitution fidelity, and abasic-site translesion synthesis. Here we find that the interdomain linker also affects the single-base deletion frequency and the mispair extension efficiency of these polymerases. Exchanging just three amino acids in the linkers of Dbh and Dpo4 is sufficient to change the fidelity by up to 30-fold, predominantly by altering the rate of correct (but not incorrect) nucleotide incorporation. Additionally, from a 2.4 A resolution crystal structure, we have found that the three linker amino acids from Dpo4 are sufficient to allow Dbh to adopt the standard conformation of Dpo4. Thus, a small region of the interdomain linker, located more than 11 A away from the catalytic residues, determines the fidelity of these Y-family polymerases, by controlling the alignment of substrates at the active site.
SUCCESSFUL CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS FOR Pneumocystis carinii PNEUMONITIS (PCP)

After demonstrating in animal studies that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) administered prophylactically prevented PCP, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was done in children with cancer at high risk for PCP. A group of 160 children with an expected attack rate of 20% for PCP, were randomized to receive TMP-SMZ or a placebo from Oct. 1974 to Oct. 1976. PCP occurred in 17/80 (21%) of the placebo group and none of the 80 patients receiving TMP-SMZ. The occurrences of certain other infections in the two groups are tabulated: Serial bacterial and fungal cultures of the pharynx and rectum, tests for renal and liver function and serum folate determinations revealed no adverse effects from TMP-SMZ prophylaxis. The course of the malignancies was not affected. TMP-SMZ prophylaxis is an effective approach to the prevention of PCP as well as certain other infections and, with the exception of oral candidiasis, is not associated with significant adverse effects.
The patient-therapist relationship: Research from the psychodynamic perspective

Abstract This article focuses on the theoretical and empirical development of therapeutic relationship principles and their significance to issues currently confronting society and the mental health professions. Early psychodynamic conceptualizations of the psychotherapy relationship are contrasted with contemporary views which emphasize the interdependence of patient-therapist roles. Major research studies from a psychodynamic perspective are reviewed and future research directions are outlined.
On biclique decompositions of complete t-partite graphs

We use a stronger version of the Graham-Pollack theorem for biclique decompositions of graphs to establish a correspondence between exact biclique decompositions of complete t-partite graphs and exact biclique decompositions of the complete graph on t vertices. In addition, we obtain some results for exact biclique decompositions of complete graphs.
Developments in the expression of affect

The present study is a report of the developmental trends in infants' affect expression from 9 to 21 months, a period that coincided with certain achievements in their language development. Two groups of infants, early and later word learners, were identified according to when they began to say words. At 9 months of age, the two groups did not differ in their frequency of emotional expression nor in the relative amount of time they spent in neutral and positive expression. All of the infants increased their expressivity. However, one group of infants increased their frequency of expression by learning to say words relatively early, whereas the other group increased their frequency of emotional expression and did not learn to say words at the same time.
Effects of upright posture on atrioventricular accessory pathway conduction.

Abstract The etectrophysiologic effects of 45 ° head-up tilt were studied in 19 patients with atrioventricular accessory pathways. Upright posture enhanced both anterograde and retrograde accessory pathway conduction when compared to the supine position: the anterograde block cycle length decreased from 374 ± 52 ms (mean ± standard error) (supine) to 303 ± 33 ms (tilt) (p
Abstract 2576: Mechanism of action of a novel Stat3 inhibitor for cancer therapy

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Stat3 is a latent transcription factor that promotes cell survival and proliferation and is often constitutively active in multiple cancers. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling pathways suppresses cell survival signals and leads to apoptosis in cancer cells, suggesting direct inhibition of Stat3 function is a viable therapeutic approach. Herein, we identify a small molecule, C48, as a selective Stat3-family member inhibitor. To determine its mechanism of action, we used site-directed mutagenesis and multiple biochemical techniques to show that C48 alkylates Cys468 in Stat3, a residue at the DNA-binding interface. We further demonstrate that C48 blocks accumulation of activated Stat3 in the nucleus in tumor cell lines that over-express active Stat3 leading to impressive inhibition of tumor growth in mouse models. Collectively, these findings suggest Cys468 in Stat3 represents a novel site for therapeutic intervention and demonstrates the promise of alkylation as a potentially effective chemical approach for Stat3-dependent cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2576