cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pheromonal regulation and sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SST2 gene: a model for desensitization to pheromone.

Abstract Strains of both haploid mating types containing sst2 mutations are altered in response to pheromone; MATa sst2 cells are supersensitive to alpha-factor, and MAT alpha sst2 cells are supersensitive to a-factor. This phenotype suggests that SST2 encodes a component of the pheromone response pathway that is common to both mating types. We have cloned the SST2 gene by isolation of multicopy plasmids that complement the sst2-1 mutation. One such plasmid contained a 4.5-kilobase HindIII fragment that was able to complement the sst2-1 mutation in high or low copy number, integrated at the SST2 locus, and resulted in an sst2 phenotype when disrupted, indicating that this fragment contained the SST2 gene. We identified the functional region of the complementing DNA fragment by transposon mutagenesis. Sequencing of this fragment identified an open reading frame encoding 698 amino acids at a position that correlated well with the functional region. Expression of an Sst2-beta-galactosidase fusion was haploid specific and induced by exposure to pheromone. We discuss a model in which induction of the SST2 product results in inhibition of a component of the pheromone response pathway, resulting in desensitization to pheromone.
Selective synaptic changes following spinal motoneuron axotomy.

Fibers descending in the lateral columns (LC) of the frog spinal cord form synapses more proximal to the soma than those derived from dorsal root (DR) fibers. Following ventral root transection (motoneuron axotomy), the risetime of the LC-EPSP increased while that of the DR-EPSP decreased such that the risetime of the LC-EPSP was now longer than that of the DR-EPSP. Focal-potential analysis showed that the location of LC synapses remained in the region of the motor nucleus while DR synapses were located closer to the motor nucleus after axotomy. Proximal synapses thus persist after axotomy, but they undergo physiological changes that alter the LC-EPSP time course. In addition membrane properties of axotomized motoneurons were investigated. Input resistance, rheobasic current, and threshold depolarization all increased. Resting membrane potentials and after hyperpolarizations were unchanged. Because axotomy had opposite effects on LC- and DR-EPSPs, changes in membrane properties cannot account for changes in EPSPs. Other possible mechanisms are discussed.
Heterogeneity of blood flow in the canine tooth in the dog.

Abstract Regional blood flow in the dental pulp was quantitated in two groups of dogs of different ages using radioactively labelled 15-μm microspheres. In Group A ( N = 9; age 4–8 months), the roots were two-thirds to fully formed. Average regional blood flows in the coronal tip (CT), remaining coronal part (RCP) and root (R) were 1.03, 0.57 and 0.52 ml/min/g, respectively for the maxillary canines and 0.77, 0.42 and 0.39 ml/min/g for the mandibular canines. In group B ( N = 9; age 9–11 weeks), crowns were approximately one-half formed. Regional blood flow to the maxillary teeth averaged 0.86 ml/min/g to the CT and 0.39 to RCP whereas CT was 0.58 ml/min/g and RCP averaged 0.31 ml/min/g for the mandibular ones. In both groups, blood flow to CT was significantly greater than flow to the other pulp regions. If these microspheres are distributed according to flow, then heterogeneous flow exists, which may correlate with the anatomy of the blood vessels, and may partly account for the difference in values reported by other investigators using different methods.
Abstract 2267A: Red beetroot dye inhibits proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCCHN) comprises more than 90% of all head and neck cancers. Despite the many recent advancements in cancer therapy, SCCHN survival has had little improvement with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. SCCHN is currently the 6th most common form of cancer in the United States and is rapidly becoming one of the most frequent cancers in developing nations. Red beetroot dye is a commonly used food additive to add a deep red color to commonly consumed foods like ice cream and yogurt. It also contains active anticancer chemical compounds such as betanins and betalains. These compounds are prepared by crushing the beetroots and mixing with water, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and dextrin. Previous work has shown that red beetroot dye can be effective in suppressing the development of multiorgan tumors in animal experiments, including up to 70% prevention of esophageal cancer in a rat chemoprevention study. No previous studies have evaluated the ability of red beetroot dye to inhibit the growth and proliferation of SCCHN. SCCHN cells were treated with increasing dose concentration of red beetroot dye and assessed for proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle changes, and G1 protein expression changes. We observed dose dependent toxicity in SCCHN following red beetroot dye treatment with concomitant cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2 cell cycle phases. Cell cycle arrest appeared to be more significant with p53 mutation. Decreased cell counts were induced by cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis. UMSCC-17b (mutant p53) treated with increasing doses of red beetroot dye expressed lower levels of p53 and p21 by western blot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that red beetroot dye may have significant potential as a chemopreventive or adjuvant treatment for SCCHN. Citation Format: Daniel Lew, Kay Wrege, Gary Stoner, Jonathan M. Bock. Red beetroot dye inhibits proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2267A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2267A
New conditions for boundedness of the solution of a matrix Riccati differential equation

Abstract Sufficient conditions are given for a matrix Riccati differential equation to have a bounded solution; these conditions are less stringent than those known heretofore. The conditions are in the form of linear, algebraic and differential inequalities.
Variability in judgments of articulation when observer listens repeatedly to the same phone.

Summary.-This study pertains to variability in articulation judgments made by 0s who listened to repetitions of the same stimulus. In the first portion of the study, four 0s were asked to listen to six tapes, each of which was prepared to present 90 repetitions of a syllable. The syllables were /sa/ and /rk/.' The /s/ and /t/' in two of the syllables were correctly articulated, in two they were moderately distorted, and in two they were severely distorted. Correctness of articulation of the target phones had been established previously by a panel of judges using a scaling procedure. The speakers were children with articulation problems. A total of 24 sets of judgments were obtained. For three of chose sets, 0 frequently shifted between assessment of the phone as correct and incorrect. In the second portion, each of three tapes was evaluated by five of 15 judges. Two tapes were reused from the first part of the study, and a new tape presenting the same production of /is/ 90 times was also used. No judge listened to more than one tape. Again, a record was made of the frequency with which judges shifted in their assessment of a given articulation as correct or incorrect. More judges reported 12 or more shifts in the second portion of the study than in the first. 0's consistency should be investigated in the situation where 0 evaluates a series of similar misarticulations of phones from the same phoneme. Two informal observations suggested to the present authors that articulation judges may be inconsistent in their evaluation of similarly articulated phones from a given phoneme. First, in conducting word drill, we noted that it sometimes became more difficult to judge correctness of a phone as the drill continued. This was especially true for persons whose /s/ or /r/"rrors were close approximations of the desired response. Second, we noted that in listening repeatedly to a tape loop recording of a sound in word context the adequacy of the articulation of the target phone sometimes appeared to change. Sequencing effects undoubtedly influence judgments of articulation (Young, 1970). For example, a slightly distorted /s/ phone may be scored correct if it follows a severely distorted member of the same phoneme. However, these effects would not account for the phenomena described above. A number of investigators have described 0's reports of changes in per
Effects of gelucire content on stability, macrophage interaction and blood circulation of nanoparticles engineered from nanoemulsions.

Abstract The main objective of the study is to investigate the efficacy of Gelucire 44/14 (gelucire) in facilitating formation of cetyl alcohol (CA)-based nanoparticle (NP) and to assess the effects on key NP properties and functions. NPs from oil-in-water nanoemulsion precursors were prepared using binary mixtures of CA and gelucire (CA/gelucire) containing gelucire at 0, 25, 50 and 75% (w/w). The sizes of gelucire-based NPs (128–183 nm) were five times lower than control NPs (made without gelucire). All the NPs (with or without gelucire component) did not activate macrophages as monitored by reactive oxygen species production. Results from differential scanning calorimetry, FT-IR and multimodal light scattering measurements demonstrated the involvement of gelucire component in achieving homogeneous CA/gelucire particle populations that were stable on storage. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function assay in MES-Dx5 cells showed the potential of gelucire-based NPs in inhibiting rhodamine 123 efflux. Similarly, the extent of NP uptake by macrophage (RAW 264.7 cell) was dependent on the amount of gelucire component (inverse relationship; R2 = 0.996). NPs made with CA/gelucire mixture (at 50%, w/w gelucire) were the most effective in blood circulation studies in BALB/c mice. Additional studies with paclitaxel-loaded NPs demonstrated that the retention of gelucire-based NPs in blood circulation was comparable to NPs coated with DSPE-PEG2000 (p > 0.6). The over-all work indicated the potential efficacy of gelucire as a safe and biocompatible excipient that can serve multiple functions in enhancing the performance of lipid-based NP drug delivery systems.
Resilience in Community: A Social Ecological Development Model for Young Adult Sexual Minority Women

Family support and rejection are associated with health outcomes among sexual minority women (SMW). We examined a social ecological development model among young adult SMW, testing whether identity risk factors or outness to family interacted with family rejection to predict community connectedness and collective self-esteem. Lesbian and bisexual women (N = 843; 57 % bisexual) between the ages of 18–25 (M = 21.4; SD = 2.1) completed baseline and 12-month online surveys. The sample identified as White (54.2 %), multiple racial backgrounds (16.6 %), African American (9.6 %) and Asian/Asian American (3.1 %); 10.2 % endorsed a Hispanic/Latina ethnicity. Rejection ranged from 18 to 41 % across family relationships. Longitudinal regression indicated that when outness to family increased, SMW in highly rejecting families demonstrated resilience by finding connections and esteem in sexual minority communities to a greater extent than did non-rejected peers. But, when stigma concerns, concealment motivation, and other identity risk factors increased over the year, high family rejection did not impact community connectedness and SMW reported lower collective self-esteem. Racial minority SMW reported lower community connectedness, but not lower collective self-esteem. Families likely buffer or exacerbate societal risks for ill health. Findings highlight the protective role of LGBTQ communities and normative resilience among SMW and their families.
Combined hyperthermia and irradiation in the treatment of superficial tumors: results of a prospective randomized trial of hyperthermia fractionation (1/wk vs 2/wk).

Abstract From December 1984 to December 1989, 240 superficially located recurrent/metastatic malignant lesions (173 patients) were enrolled in a prospective randomized study of one versus two hyperthermia fractions per week. In the majority of patients, the dose of radiation therapy was less than 4000 cGy over 4 to 5 weeks. Stratification was by tumor size, site, and histology. The goal of the hyperthermia sessions were 42.5°C for 45–60 min minimum intra-tumor measured temperature. Hyperthermia was given after radiation within 30–60 min. External applicators, both microwave (over 90% of treatments) and ultrasound, were used. Overall, complete response rate in 222 evaluable lesions was 56.3% (125/222) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months and a maximum follow-up of 52 months. The complete response rate for once a week versus twice a week hyperthermia group was 54.7% and 57.8%, respectively. The severe complication rate was 18% (41/222). There was no difference between the two treatment arms. Cox regression analyses were performed to study the prognostic significance of patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, and treatment parameters. Detailed analysis and results are presented.
The Potential Impacts of an Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Complex on the Los Angeles Economy

In this paper the potential for electric vehicle production and the likely economic impacts of developing an electric vehicle industry in Los Angeles are examined. An historical overview of the automobile industry in Los Angeles suggests that a fully fledged automobile complex was never really developed. Rather, automotive firms have focused on the production of components for a variety of aftermarket and specialized uses. The small size of most auto firms and their custom orientation bodes well for the nascent electric vehicle industry. The region's industrial base, with the diverse range of products and labor skills offered, is well equipped to meet the needs of electric vehicle producers. After specifying a generic electric vehicle technology, input-output analysis is used to examined the employment effects of shifting production from conventional automobile technolgoy to electric vehicles. (A)
Multilevel examination of the association of urbanization with inflammation in Chinese adults

We examine the associations between overall urbanicity and specific physical and social components of community-level urbanization with C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults participating in the China Health and Nutrition Study. Higher overall urbanicity and environment-related urbanicity component scores, including education, housing quality, and access to markets, were associated with elevated CRP in multilevel models controlling for clustering by community. These associations differed by age and gender and persisted after controlling for individual-level anthropometric, diet, and pathogenic risk factors. These results highlight the importance of place in relation to inflammation across the spectrum of rural and urban environments.
Indomethacin Reverses the Microglial Response to Amyloid β-Protein

Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains display intense microglial immunoreactivity in the area of senile plaques, suggesting that amyloid beta-protein may stimulate microglial infiltration. The activated microglia may modulate an immune response in the brain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are candidate therapeutics for AD because their effects on immune system components may influence the course of the disease. The present study examined the effects of an NSAID (indomethacin) on amyloid beta-protein-induced microglial infiltration. Amyloid beta-protein was chronically infused into rat lateral ventricles for 2 weeks. Extracellular amyloid beta-protein deposited along the lining and diffused into the tissue surrounding the lateral ventricle. Immunocytochemical staining showed that animals receiving amyloid beta-protein exhibited dramatic microglial response when compared to vehicle-infused rats. Activated microglia surrounded immunopositive amyloid beta-protein deposits, but this response was significantly attenuated in animals receiving either concurrent i.c.v. or subcutaneous (s.c.) treatment with indomethacin. These results suggest that chronic amyloid beta-protein infusion induces the proliferation of activated microglia and that indomethacin may be an effective treatment for inhibiting microglial proliferation.
VA MYCORRHIZAE IN STRAND VEGETATION OF HAWAII: EVIDENCE FOR LONG-DISTANCE CODISPERSAL OF PLANTS AND FUNGI

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) were a nearly constant component of the coastal strand of the Hawaiian Islands, occurring in beach sand, driftline debris, in roots of 23 of 31 species of vascular plants examined, and in association with rhizomes of two native species, Sporobolus virginicus and Jacquemontia sandwicensis. Mycorrhizae were most frequent and intensity of VAM development was greatest in endemic plants, less in indigenous species, and least in alien species. Spores of VAMF were produced in abundance between the rhizome and the leaf sheaths of Sporobolus. Roots of two strand species, including roots of Sporobolus that were immersed in seawater for 7 days, functioned as inocula of VAMF in pot-culture studies. The close association between propagules of VAMF and vegetative fragments of indigenous plants found in the present study suggests a mechanism of codispersal that appears to ensure the maintenance of the symbiosis in nutrient-deficient sites where it is most beneficial. The codispersal of fungus and plant may explain the high frequency of mycotrophy in strand species in the tropical Pacific.
Combinatorial Mechanisms Regulating AID-Dependent DNA deamination: Interacting Proteins and Post-translational Modifications

Protective humoral immune responses result from immunoglobulin (Ig) diversification reactions that proceed through programmed DNA double-strand breaks and mutations in developing or mature B cells. While primary Ig diversity is dependent on V(D)J recombination and the RAG proteins, secondary diversification is achieved through class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which require AID (activation induced deaminase). Because aberrant AID activity can result in mutations in non-Ig loci and DNA translocations between the Ig locus and non-Ig genes, the activity of AID must be stringently regulated. AID mRNA expression is regulated transcriptionally by cytokine stimulation and post-transcriptionally by miRNAs. AID activity is regulated by post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and interaction with other proteins. All of these molecular mechanisms have evolved to specifically induce AID-dependent mutations and DNA double-strand breaks at the Ig loci to promote maximal Ig gene diversification while limiting the access of this mutator to non-Ig regions.
Anisotropy at the end of the cosmic ray spectrum

The starburst galaxies M82 and NGC253 have been proposed as the primary sources of cosmic rays with energies above ${10}^{18.7}\mathrm{eV}.$ For energies $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{20.3}\mathrm{eV}$ the model predicts strong anisotropies. We calculate the probabilities that the latter can be due to chance occurrence. For the highest energy cosmic ray events in this energy region, we find that the observed directionality has less than 1% probability of occurring due to random fluctuations. Moreover, during the first 5 years of operation at Auger, the observation of even half the predicted anisotropy has a probability of less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ to occur by chance fluctuation. Thus, this model can be subject to test at very small cost to the Auger priors budget and, whatever the outcome of that test, valuable information on the galactic magnetic field will be obtained.
Cationized milled pine bark as an adsorbent for orthophosphate anions

More efficient adsorption media are needed for removing dissolved phosphorus in surface water runoff. We studied the use of cationized pine bark as a sorbent for dissolved phosphorus in water. Cationized pine bark was prepared by treating extracted milled pine bark with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAA HCl) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in aqueous medium. Attachment of PAA HCl to the bark was monitored by percentage of weight gain and nitrogen content. Changes in bark surface chemistry were characterized by zeta potential and inverse gas chromatography measurements. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine changes in chemical composition and morphology of the cationized bark. The cationized bark showed a decrease in the dispersive component of the surface energy and a barely measurable change in the surface acid–base properties. In the pH range 2.5 to 7.9, the cationized bark showed a positive zeta potential, which changed to negative at pH 7.9 or higher. By comparison, the zeta potential of control extracted bark remained negative throughout the pH range of 2.5 to 9. We propose that the reaction of bark with PAA HCl results in a surface network of fixed cationic sites of quaternary ammonium that have mobile chloride ions as counter anions. Preliminary results from batch adsorption experiments indicate that cationized milled bark has an estimated maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 12.65 mg phosphate/g, which compares favorably with that of other well-known phosphorus sorbents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1577–1583, 2004
A microfabricated electromagnetic linear synchronous motor

Abstract A miniature linear synchronous motor was designed, fabricated and tested. Actuation was achieved through interaction of traveling magnetic wave, generated by linear array of microcoils on the stator, and permanent magnets on the rotor. Two configurations of the motor were investigated. One with a single hand-assembled permanent magnet on rotor and corresponding array of multiturn microcoils; the other, a fully microfabricated rotor with embedded array of screenprinted permanent magnets and a linear array of serpentine microcoils on the stator. Motion of the rotor was constrained by dovetail microjoints. A numerical model was developed for modeling and dynamic control. The motor was tested under various operating conditions with both open- and closed-loop control. The motors showed reliable translation over 6 cm travel with accuracy limited by the feedback system.
Action of IL‐1β during fracture healing

After bone injury, developmental processes such as endochondral and intramembranous ossification are recapitulated as the skeleton regenerates. In contrast to development, skeletal healing involves inflammation. During the early stages of healing a variety of inflammatory cells infiltrate the injured site, debride the wound, and stimulate the repair process. Little is known about the inflammatory process during bone repair. In this work, we examined the effect of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), on osteoblast and stem cell differentiation and on intramembranous and endochondral ossification, because IL-1beta exerts effects on skeletal homeostasis and is upregulated in response to fracture. We determined that IL-1beta stimulated proliferation of osteoblasts and production of mineralized bone matrix, but suppressed proliferation and inhibited differentiation of bone marrow derived MSCs. We next performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments to determine if altering IL-1beta signaling affects fracture healing. We did not detect any differences in callus, cartilage, and bone matrix production during healing of nonstabilized or stabilized fractures in mice that lacked the IL-1beta receptor compared to wild-type animals. We observed subtle alterations in the healing process after administering IL-1beta during the early phases of repair. At day 10 after injury, the ratio of cartilage to callus was increased, and by day 14, the proportion of cartilage to total callus and to bone was reduced. These changes could reflect a slight acceleration of endochondral ossification, or direct effects on cartilage and bone formation.
Review of Derek Krueger’s Writing and Holiness: The Practice of Authorship in the Early Christian East

Katrina Van Heest reviews Writing and Holiness: The Practice of Authorship in the Early Christian East , by Derek Krueger (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).
An active method for tracking connectivity in temporally changing brain networks

The inference of connectivity in brain networks has typically been performed using passive measurements of ongoing activity across recording sites. Passive measures of connectivity are harder to interpret, however, in terms of causality - how evoked activity in one region might induce activity in another. To obviate this issue, recent work has proposed the use of active stimulation in conjunction with network estimation. By actively stimulating the network, more accurate information can be gleaned regarding evoked connectivity. The assumption in these previous works, however, was that the underlying networks were static and do not change in time. Such an assumption may be limiting in situations of clinical relevance, where the introduction of a drug or of brain pathology, might change the underlying networks structure. Here, an extension of the evoked connectivity paradigm is introduced that enables tracking networks that change in time.
Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy

G.A.J. Rogers, Tom Sorell and Jill Kraye (eds): Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge, 2010, pp. vii+325. £75.00, $126.00 (hb.). ISBN 978-0-415-80...
Reactivity and strength development of CO2 activated non-hydraulic calcium silicates

Abstract Carbonation of non-hydraulic, γ-Ca2SiO4 and CaSiO3, mortars and powders exposed to 100% RH and 100% CO2 environments were studied. The rate of reaction and strength development is faster in γ-Ca2SiO4 than in CaSiO3. Increasing CO2 pressure from atmospheric to 5.62 MPa increases the degree of reaction in both γ-Ca2SiO4 and CaSiO3. Strength increases as a function of degree of reaction and CO2 pressures above 2.00 MPa. The potential use of non-hydraulic materials for CO2 activated cements is discussed.
Interactions of the horizontal wellbore hydraulics and formation damage

A model for prediction of the formation damage by rock, fluid, and particle interactions in the porous formation around hydraulically fractured horizontal wellbores considering the effect of the wellbore hydraulics and filtercake is presented. The processes governing the various formation damage mechanisms and the filtercake are represented by the models developed by Civan et al. The wellbore hydraulics model by Sharma, et al is incorporated into the model to take into account for the effect of the wellbore fluid pressure variation on formation damage. The fluid hydraulics in the fractures are represented by extending and modifying the approach by Barree and Conway. For simplification purposes, the two[ phase flow through porous media is described by facilitating a unit end-point mobility ratio formulation following Craig, Collins, and Dake. The well, fracture, and reservoir hydraulics are coupled by imposing the well and fracture pressure equations as the boundary conditions for the reservoir by extending the approach by Soliman for the three dimensional case. This model is applied for mud invasion into the near wellbore formation from a hydraulically fractured horizontal well.
Ore Textures: Recognition and Interpretation

Roger Taylor. Pp. 288, with CD-ROM. 2009. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-01782-7. $159.00. This book is in hard-cover, consisting of 288 pages and 43 plates, or illustrations, all in color; many full-page in size. The captions are particularly good and detailed. The publication is composed of five volumes or chapters that summarize individual books previously published by the author. Chapter titles are as follows: (1) Infill textures, (2) Alteration textures, (3) Overprinting Textures, (4) Broken rocks—breccias I, and (5) Broken rocks—breccias II. I was …
Maximizing tumor immunity with fractionated radiation.

Purpose Technologic advances have led to increased clinical use of higher-sized fractions of radiation dose and higher total doses. How these modify the pathways involved in tumor cell death, normal tissue response, and signaling to the immune system has been inadequately explored. Here we ask how radiation dose and fraction size affect antitumor immunity, the suppression thereof, and how this might relate to tumor control. Methods and Materials Mice bearing B16-OVA murine melanoma were treated with up to 15 Gy radiation given in various-size fractions, and tumor growth followed. The tumor-specific immune response in the spleen was assessed by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay with ovalbumin (OVA) as the surrogate tumor antigen and the contribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) determined by the proportion of CD4 + CD25 hi Foxp3 + T cells. Results After single doses, tumor control increased with the size of radiation dose, as did the number of tumor-reactive T cells. This was offset at the highest dose by an increase in Treg representation. Fractionated treatment with medium-size radiation doses of 7.5 Gy/fraction gave the best tumor control and tumor immunity while maintaining low Treg numbers. Conclusions Radiation can be an immune adjuvant, but the response varies with the size of dose per fraction. The ultimate challenge is to optimally integrate cancer immunotherapy into radiation therapy.
A magnetotelluric profile of the Wind River Thrust, Wyoming

Abstract Data from ten magnetotelluric (MT) stations over the Wind River Uplift and adjacent basins are interpreted with constraints from the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) seismic reflection data and from gravity data. The MT data reveal the general configuration of the conductive basins and resistive uplifts; low resistivity zones are interpreted as faults which correspond to those visible in the COCORP sections. The Wind River Thrust Fault is modelled as a conductive zone that can be traced to a depth of at least 20 km, and the crust beneath the Green River Basin is about 40 km thick. The modelled constant dip of the Wind River Thrust is consistent with a tectonic model of lateral compressive stress.
Elder abuse and vulnerability: Avoiding illicit paternalism in healthcare, medical research, and life

Summary There is a clear need for paternalism in healthcare, medical research, and everyday life to protect some older adults from being illicitly harmed, abused, or exploited. The general justification for the outside intervention in these older adults’ decision-making is that these individuals are especially vulnerable as the result of cognitive impairment, lack of adequate education, poverty, or a host of other factors that will reduce the individual's autonomy to a level that will not enable sufficiently autonomous choices. Unfortunately, well-meaning efforts to paternalistically protect older adults are not always morally permissible, especially if they are based on false assumptions and beliefs about population vulnerability that border on ageism. In these cases, the protection becomes a form of elder abuse, which robs older adults of their autonomy and the respect they deserve for being moral agents in the community. To combat the unwitting slide into elder abuse, I propose that we first understand why these false beliefs about older adults’ vulnerability exist, and then put into place a framework that will empower older adults instead of harming them. To accomplish this goal, we will have to switch from Hedgehog cognition to Fox thinking.
Effects of aerobic training on exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise in African-Americans with severe systemic hypertension treated with indapamide ± verapamil ± enalapril

Hypertensive patients are likely to have an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response during physical exertion. When moderate aerobic exercise was added to medical antihypertensive therapy in patients with severe hypertension, excessive elevations in BP during physical exertion were attenuated even with a modest reduction in BP at rest.
Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: The Use of Novel Echocardiography Measures to Predict Subsequent Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Treated with Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab

As the population of breast cancer survivors grows, it has become evident that chemotherapy has significant cardiotoxic side effects. Echocardiography is a noninvasive, cost-effective, and widely available imaging tool that is well positioned to serve as a primary modality for monitoring chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Although left ventricular ejection fraction is a standard measurement by which to monitor chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, its predictive value in identifying subsequent cardiotoxicity is limited. More sophisticated echocardiography modalities may offer improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. These include tissue Doppler imaging measures, newer techniques based upon two- and three-dimensional strain and torsion analysis, and three-dimensional measures of cardiac size. While these modalities are not all currently part of clinical practice, a body of data supporting their use is steadily building. More research remains to be performed, and noninvasively detecting cancer therapy-induced cardiac dysfunction at the earliest stages is of increasing interest.
Prediction of firing pin shape and 3D matching of shells and firing pins based on firing pin impressions in primers

A variable resolution video machine vision system has been built which will determine the 3-D shape of a firing pin from the dent it has made in the primer of a shell. The system can also compare primer dents in different shells and determine if a 3-D match exists. A real time optical 3-D shape recognition feature allows the operator to align the shells, determine if there is a match, and quantify the quality of the 3-D match. The system uses a laser interferometer to project variable spatial frequency structural illumination on the shells which are viewed by video cameras. A computer determines the 3-D shape of the primer dent and predicts the shape of the firing pin. Optical shape recognition and alignment is achieved by mixing the video data with a computer generated mask and using this signal in a spatial light modulator to diffract a laser beam onto a detector. The magnitude and shape of the detector output indicates in real time the quality of the match or can be used to align the shells. A demonstration of the validity of the 3-D shape prediction has been carried out with large scale firing pin and shell-primer models, and the shape of a real firing pin has been determined from an actual fired shell. The result is a mixed video-optical processing system that could be used for real-time shell and firing pin matching in the forensic laboratory. Limitations and improvements in the current system are discussed.
The impact of network latency on the synchronization of real-world IEEE 1588-2008 devices

Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a high precision time synchronization protocol designed to run over a local area network. PTP, often referred to as 1588, is defined by the IEEE Standard 1588TM-2008. The protocol theoretically allows synchronization at the nanosecond level. In this project we study the performance of the protocol in an environment where multiple 1588 devices are connected via a network in which impairments that are typically observed in real networks are introduced and non-1588 devices are present. The performance was assessed by observing the impact on the clock synchronization of the 1588 devices. The results provide valuable insight into the real-world accuracy and robustness of the protocol.
Influence of Guava Ripening on Parasitism of the Oriental Fruit-Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Other Parasitoids

Abstract The effects of guava ripening on abundance and parasitism rates of parasitoids of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were determined in three guava ( Psidium guajava L.) orchards. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was released in Kilauea, Kauai, and Waiakea, Hawaii. Natural densities of this parasitoid were measured in a third orchard in Panaewa, Hawaii. Fruits ripening on the tree and the ground after abscission of fruit were classified into four categories, ranging from to mature-green to rotten fruit. The egg parasitoid, Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) was the dominant parasitoid emerging from tree-harvested guavas at all sites and composed 90-98% of all parasitoids recovered but decreased in abundance as guava fruit aged on the ground. In all three orchards, D. longicaudata increased in abundance and parasitism rates were highest in guavas that remained on the ground for 6-10 days. Consequently, the impact of this parasitoid is usually underestimated by sampling commercially ripe guava fruit from the tree or freshly fallen fruit on the ground. The eulophid parasitoid, Tetrastichus giffardianus (Silvestri), was more abundant in 4- to 9-day-old ground fruit. We discuss modified sampling methods for population estimation and augmentative release studies of parasitoids of oriental fruit fly.
Generalized Variational Bounds for Multichannel Scatterings

The variational bounds on scattering parameters are reformulated without the explicit use of multichannel projection operators, thus avoiding completely the difficulty of nonorthogonality in rearrangement and exchange collisions. Resonance-energy calculations can be carried out using the operator which is effectively projected on the closed channels.
Note on heat transfer in laminar, fully developed pipe flow with axial conduction

Der Warmeubergang bei laminarer Rohrstromung mit konstanter Wandtemperatur wurde analytisch untersucht. Das Resultat ist eine Darstellung der Nusseltschen Zahl als Funktion von der Pecletschen Zahl.
A general framework for multiple testing dependence

We develop a general framework for performing large-scale significance testing in the presence of arbitrarily strong dependence. We derive a low-dimensional set of random vectors, called a dependence kernel, that fully captures the dependence structure in an observed high-dimensional dataset. This result shows a surprising reversal of the "curse of dimensionality" in the high-dimensional hypothesis testing setting. We show theoretically that conditioning on a dependence kernel is sufficient to render statistical tests independent regardless of the level of dependence in the observed data. This framework for multiple testing dependence has implications in a variety of common multiple testing problems, such as in gene expression studies, brain imaging, and spatial epidemiology.
Testing for market linkages between Hawaii and Japan's tuna markets

Even though international and regional fish markets may be geographically dispersed, the prices across different markets may exhibit long-run spatial linkages, suggesting that certain locations are integrated and that prices provide relevant market signals. In other words, it is possible that fish prices in different markets may vary in the short run but maintain the equilibrium in the long run. This paper tests whether the markets for yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna in Hawaii and Japan are integrated. To this end, market integration test procedures are applied to determine whether there exists market linkage among the fish markets using semi-monthly average wholesale price data recorded in Honolulu's and Tokyo's wholesale markets. The market integration tests also provide a study of tuna pricing in Hawaii from the perspective of market price linkage, to understand whether markets outside Hawaii influence local pricing.
Mechanisms of liposomal contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging

AbstractWe review the mechanisms by which liposomal contrast agents–solutions of liposomes that entrap and deliver (usually paramagnetic) contrast agent into specific tissues–cause a desired enhancement of the bulk relaxation rate in tissues. The relaxation-enhancing action for transverse magnetization can be most generally explained by exchange (inner sphere relaxation) and diffu-sional dephasing (outer sphere relaxation). Simple analytic expressions for inner and outer sphere relaxation mechanisms are presented. At typical MRI field strengths (≤ 1T) longitudinal magnetization is affected only by inner sphere relaxation. For typical liposomal preparations the transverse magnetization relaxation is also dominated by the inner sphere mechanism. For rather low effective concentrations (2mM) of Gd(DTPA)2-, a relaxation rate enhancement of several Hertz is typically achieved, and the rate increases linearly with the concentration of liposomes. The inner sphere model presented here is similar to recent descrip...
Knowledge without awareness: an autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics

Prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize visually the faces of familiar persons who continue to be normally recognized through other sensory channels, is caused by bilateral cerebral lesions involving the visual system. Two patients with prosopagnosia generated frequent and large electrodermal skin conductance responses to faces of persons they had previously known but were now unable to recognize. They did not generate such responses to unfamiliar faces. The results suggest that an early step of the physiological process of recognition is still taking place in these patients, without their awareness but with an autonomic index.
And 6 more years of science

After these heroics, the rest of the repair mission went more or less according to the (amended) script. The crew was able to retrieve the satellite, fix its attitude control system and coronagraph/polarimeter instrument as planned, then redeploy Solar Max in its 500-km-high orbit on April 12. Barely was the satellite back in service again when it got the chance to observe the eruption of a major solar flare, through what Solar Max project scientist Bruce Woodgate calls “a combination of anticipation and rapid re-pointing.” The satellite had been near the middle of a 30-day engineering checkout period when, on April 23, the onboard hard X ray burst spectrometer began detecting flare bursts in a particularly active region on the sun. Project scientists then requested Goddard technicians to move the satellite and point its narrow field instruments at the active region, with the result that half an hour later the satellite was perfectly positioned to record the largest flare of the current solar cycle occuring on the sun. “We got lucky there,” says Woodgate. So interesting were the data returning from this flare region that Solar Max was scheduled to remain in its “science mode” for about 2 weeks before picking up again with the engineering healthchecks.
Polymerized Organic-Inorganic Synthesis of Mixed Oxides

A new and simple chemical route has been used to synthesize mixed-oxide powders. The method uses long-chain polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(ethylene glycol). The chemistry of the precursor solution differs from other solution-polymerization techniques. The stabilization of the cations in the precursor is established not only through the chemical binding of cations with the functional groups, but also, in major part, through the physical entrapment of the metal ions in the network of the dried polymer carrier. Pure, single-phase calcium aluminate, yttrium aluminate, and yttrium phosphate powders have been produced, while maintaining a 4:1 ratio of positively charged valences of the cations (Men+) to negatively charged hydroxyl (-OH−) groups. The ceramic yield of the new method (the ratio of the weight of the ceramic powders to the weight of the organics that are used in the preparation) is ∼2.
Survey of CAD/feature-based process planning and NC programming techniques

Methods for automated process planning and NC programming are surveyed and classified into generic categories. Aspects of CAPP investigated include part definition methods, reasoning and search techniques used to generate process plans, both Al-based and traditional, and process planning languages. NC programming techniques have been categorised into those based on cell decomposition, volume/delta volume decomposition, sectioning and geometric reasoning. Methods for simulation and verification of NC programs are also surveyed. The current state of the technology and the advantages and shortcomings of each of the CAPP and NC programming generic methods are also discussed.
Contextualism reconsidered: Some skeptical reflections

A number of theorists have touted the merits of the contextual approach to political theory, arguing that a close examination of real-world cases is more likely to yield both theoretical insight and practical solutions to pressing problems. This is particularly evident, it is argued, in the field of multiculturalism in political theory. The present paper offers some skeptical reflections on this view, arguing the merits of a view of political theory which sees the contextual approach as less distinctive than its proponents imagine, and less useful than many would suggest. It maintains that there are serious limits to what political theorists can achieve, even if political theory is not without its uses if we value social criticism.
Impulsivity, locus of control and education.

The concepts, impulsivity and locus of control, conceptually appear to be related. Individuals who view their behavior as the result of face or chance (external locus of control) may act wichouc thinking and take greater risks than their peers who feel they are responsible for what happens to them (internal locus of control). Impulsivity is defined as the speed of response to impulses or motivational states, risk taking, acting without thinking, and the inability to plan ahead (Barratt & Parton, 1983). Locus of control is conceptualized as the extent to which individuals feel in control of their own behavior or events occurring to them (internal control) as compared to being under the influence of fate, chance, luck, or other individuals (external control) (Lefcourt, 1982). Individuals with poor impulse control, namely, those who respond hastily to impulses without thinking or planning, conceptually also appear to be characterized as having an external locus of control. Ayabe (1979) in a review of the literacure found no significant relationship between reflection-impulsivity and internal-external locus of control in samples of children, except in a study by Finch (1974) of a sample of emotionally disturbed children. The purpose of this research was to examine if there was a relationship between impulsivity and locus of control in a sample of normal adults and to determine if the education of the subjects was associated with these results. The sample consisted of 359 randomly selected adults who responded anonymously to the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Barratt & Patcon, 1983) and the Nowidci-Suiddand