cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased waiting periods in a public pregnancy termination clinic.

Abstract Background In our public hospital, first-trimester pregnancy termination historically had been performed in an operating room by suction curettage on a separate day following the initial clinic visit. To increase efficiency, we instituted three changes over a 2-year period: (a) pregnancy termination procedures were relocated to the outpatient area; (b) same-day service was initiated; and (c) manual vacuum aspiration was introduced. Our primary objective was to assess the effects of these changes on the waiting period in days from the intake visit to the day of termination procedure. Our secondary objectives included assessing any decrease in gestational age at the time of procedure, increases in the numbers of procedures at Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional review of the clinical records of patients who requested pregnancy termination. Data were obtained on 625 patients who underwent a surgical termination of pregnancy from February 1, 2004, to January 31, 2006. Results The waiting period decreased from 20.3 to 3.6 days (p Conclusion We improved efficiency of care by reducing the waiting period and terminating pregnancies earlier in gestation with manual equipment.
A rigorous cake filtration theory

Abstract The currently accepted concepts of the parabolic filtration correlation stipulate that the filtration rate decreases inversely as the flow resistance which is proportional to the extent of the filter cake; that non-parabolic behavior is characteristic of only compressible cakes which exhibit an average resistance which is not constant but depends on slurry concentration, filtrate rate and applied pressure; that the septum resistance is separate from, but additive to, the cake resistance and is obtained from the intercept of the VF− vs VF line; that the average porosity of compressible cakes decreases during a filtration which causes the exit flow rate to exceed the entrance flow rate; that internal variations can only be obtained via compression-permeability simulations; and that the local resistance decreases monotonically from the septum to the cake surface. A filtration theory based on the rigorous, multiphase equations of change finds, contrary to the concepts listed above, that the least permeable part of the cake at the cake-septum interface (K0) controls the filtrate rate and a decreasing pressure gradient across this minimum K0 causes the filtrate rate to decrease; that deviations from parabolic behavior are independent of cake compressibility (incompressible cakes are rare, if they exist at all) but can be expected when ϵα*, s, -ΔPc, K0 and (dP*/dξ)|ξ=0 are not constant; that the septum resistance is intrinsically included in K0 which appears in the slope and not the intercept of VF−1 vs VF; that the average porosity is constant and the exit flow rate exceeds the entrance flow rate due to a difference between the surface porosity and the average porosity; that internal variations can be obtained directly from filtration data alone and do not require a compression-permeability simulation; and that the local filtration resistance can exhibit a minimum as a result of using a non-linear transformation from cake length to cake mass.
CCD/CMOS process for integrated image acquisition and early vision signal processing

The development of technology which integrates a four phase, buried-channel CCD in an existing 1.75 micron CMOS process is described. The four phase clock is employed in the integrated early vision system to minimize process complexity. Signal corruption is minimized and lateral fringing fields are enhanced by burying the channel. The CMOS process for CCD enhancement is described, which highlights a new double-poly process and the buried channel, and the integration is outlined. The functionality and transfer efficiency of the process enhancement were appraised by measuring CCD shift registers at 100 kHz. CMOS measurement results are presented, which include threshold voltages, poly-to-poly capacitor voltage and temperature coefficients, and dark current. A CCD/CMOS processor is described which combines smoothing and segmentation operations. The integration of the CCD and the CMOS processes is found to function due to the enhancement-compatible design of the CMOS process and the thorough employment of CCD module baseline process steps.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Maintenance and breakdown of the Hydra-Chlorella symbiosis: a computer model

To understand the mechanism by which dissolved inorganic nutrients cause Chlorella to overgrow Hydra digestive cells, the symbiosis between hydra ( Hydra viridissima ) and algae ( Chlorella sp.) was simulated with a novel computer model. The model faithfully simulates the attainment of equilibrium populations of algae and hydra digestive cells, as well as overgrowth by algae. The model is used to discern the parameters that lead to instability of the symbiosis. Additional simulations suggest that several mechanisms acting together are required to produce overgrowth. These include the release of algae from density-dependent growth, entrance of an increased proportion of algae into division, division of an increase proportion of these into eight autospores, and a decrease in the host cell growth rate.
Measuring permeability by the thermal expansion method for rigid or highly permeable gels

The permeability (D) of a gel can be determined by analysis of its thermal expansion kinetics: as the gel is heated, the expanding liquid stretches the solid network like a spring; during an isothermal hold, the liquid drains out and the gel returns to its initial dimensions at a rate that depends on D and the elastic modulus of the network. However, if the network is too rigid or D is too high, the dilatation of the network may be too small to measure easily. The measured expansion increases with the viscosity of the pore liquid, so D is easier to measure after the gel is rinsed in a higher alcohol. For example, a thermally aged silica gel that shows no measurable expansion in ethanol exhibits a large thermal strain after the pore liquid is changed to 1-octanol. It is important to demonstrate that the same permeability is obtained regardless of the liquid employed (i.e., that flow in the small pores of the gel does not give rise to liquid-specific effects), so we examine the thermal expansion of a silica gel rinsed successively in ethanol, 1-octanol, and 1-decanol; the gel is compliant enough so that D is measurable in all these liquids. The permeability is found to be the same, but the expansion is much more easily measured for the more viscous alcohols.
Hypocalcémie symptomatique secondaire à un traitement par Inhibiteurs de pompe à protons

Introduction Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient ayant presente une hypocalcemie secondaire a une hypomagnesemie induite par les inhibiteurs de pompe a protons (IPP). Observation Un homme de 57 ans, aux antecedents de coronaropathie, consulte pour douleurs abdominales et crise de goutte. Son traitement comporte du rabeprazole. Il presente deux crises de tetanie, le signe des mains d’accoucheur, un allongement du QTcorrige a 580 ms. Le bilan retrouve une hypocalcemie a 1,47 mmol/L, une hypokaliemie a 2,9 mmol/L, une hypomagnesemie a 0,2 mmol/L (0,66–1,07) et une PTH inadaptee a 38 pg/mL (15–65). La supplementation en magnesium, calcium et alfacalcidol a permis la normalisation de la calcemie, magnesemie et kaliemie avec parallelement une elevation de la PTH. Le traitement par IPP a ete arrete definitivement. A distance de l’arret du traitement substitutif, le bilan est reste normal, confirmant l’absence d’hypoparathyroidie primaire. Discussion L’utilisation des IPP est largement repandue mais seuls quelques cas d’hypoparathyroidie secondaire a une hypomagnesemie induite par les IPP ont ete rapportes. Les signes cliniques les plus severes sont dus a l’hypocalcemie. Le diagnostic reste un diagnostic d’elimination a evoquer devant la cinetique de correction des troubles : normalisation de la magnesemie, puis de la calcemie et de la PTH, persistante apres arret des IPP et de toute supplementation. La physiopathologie exacte reste mal comprise, il semblerait exister des facteurs genetiques influencant l’absorption intestinale du magnesium en presence d’IPP. Il serait interessant de rechercher une hypomagnesemie secondaire aux IPP, en particulier en cas d’antecedents cardiologiques.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC MODIFICATION AND SENSITIVITY METHOD APPROXIMATION

Model correlation and damage detection using finite-element physical parameter adjustments have received considerable attention in recent years. When dealing with complex and large-sized models, some form of approximate reanalysis is typically performed. In this work, the performance of structural dynamic modification (SDM) and sensitivity method approximation is assessed with respect to approximation accuracy. It will be demonstrated that SDM estimates of natural frequencies are generally better than that estimated using sensitivity-based methods. However, the sensitivity-based method estimates of the mode shapes are usually better that the SDM estimates. Finally, a new iterative SDM method is proposed based on the subspace iteration eigensolver algorithm. This iterative approach typically provides better estimates of both natural frequencies and mode shapes than that estimated using sensitivity method.
Time, space and competition. Formulations for the development of marketing strategy

Marketing strategy has been based on principles of general equilibrium which has not served decision-makers well. The present discussion argues that are more dynamic and unique elements which must be considered in the development of strategy. The thesis is that competition should be examined in temporal and spatial elements, both of which are highly subjective. It goes on to link these concepts with the entrepreneurial perspective that the environment is a variable which can be shaped. This reinforces a central theme, namely, management's need to recognize and exploit the vast heterogeneity found in markets. Unlike much present theory, the present argument stresses the importance of heterogeneity.
Arguments from language change

In Principles of diachronic syntax (1979, hereafter PDS), David Lightfoot developed an approach to historical syntax firmly grounded in generative theory, with its goal of establishing a restrictive theory of grammar in which syntax is regarded as autonomous, that is, as operating independently of meaning and use, and homogeneous. One of his crucial claims was that there can be no theory of language change, only a theory of grammars and the ways in which they may differ. He also proposed several strong hypotheses, among them that syntactic change is:
Global Disturbances in Autonomic Function Yield Cardiovascular Instability and Hypertension in the Chromogranin A Null Mouse

We reported previously that chromogranin A (Chga) knockout (KO) mice are hypertensive and hyperadrenergic. Here we sought to determine the basis of such alterations by probing physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological responses to perturbations of the autonomic nervous system. In the conscious state, KO mice had substantially elevated basal high blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR); immobilization stress caused increments in systolic BP and HR in both wild-type (WT) and KO mice, with higher maxima but blunted increments in the KO state. Catestatin (CST; CHGA352–372) selectively diminished stress-induced increments in BP and HR in KO mice, implicating CST as an antihypertensive peptide, even in stressful conditions. Heightened plasma catecholamines in KO mice returned to WT level after CST. Stress caused further increments in catecholamines in WT mice but no change in KO mice. KO mice displayed diminished baroreflex sensitivity in response to either phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside, accounting for exaggerated pressor and depressor responses to these compounds; baroreceptor function was normalized by CST. To probe the relative roles of endogenous/basal sympathetic vs. parasympathetic tone in control of BP and HR, we used the muscarinic-cholinergic antagonist atropine or the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol; HR and BP responses to each antagonist were exaggerated in KO animals. We conclude that ablation of Chga expression results in global disturbances in autonomic function, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, that can be abrogated (or rescued), at least in part, by replacement of CST. The results point to mechanisms whereby CHGA and its CST fragment act to control cardiovascular homeostasis.
Benzo[a]pyrene decreases global and gene specific DNA methylation during zebrafish development

DNA methylation is important for gene regulation and is vulnerable to early-life exposure to environmental contaminants. We found that direct waterborne benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure at 24μg/L from 2.5 to 96hpf to zebrafish embryos significantly decreased global cytosine methylation by 44.8% and promoter methylation in vasa by 17%. Consequently, vasa expression was significantly increased by 33%. In contrast, BaP exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations did not change CpG island methylation or gene expression in cancer genes such as ras-association domain family member 1 (rassf1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert), c-jun, and c-myca. Similarly, BaP did not change gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1) and glycine N-methyltransferase (gnmt). While total DNMT activity was not affected, GNMT enzyme activity was moderately increased. In summary, BaP is an epigenetic modifier for global and gene specific DNA methylation status in zebrafish larvae.
Order-ℏ corrections to the classical dynamics of a particle with intrinsic spin moving in a constant magnetic field

O(ℏ) effects that modify the classical orbit of a charged particle are described for the case of a classical spin-(1/2) particle moving in a constant magnetic field, using a manifestly covariant formalism reported previously. It is found that the coupling between the momentum and spin gives rise to a shift in the cyclotron frequency, which is explicitly calculated. In addition the orbit is found to exhibitO(ℏ) oscillations along the axis of the uniform static magnetic field whenever the gyromagnetic ratiog of the particle is not 2. This oscillation is found to occur at a frequency αg/2-1, and is an observable source of electric dipole radiation.
Infrared Assessment of an Optimized Vane Pressure Side Film Cooling Array

The following experimental work described here entails the investigation by infrared thermography (IRT) of full-scale flat plates intended to model the pressure side (PS) of a modern fully-cooled turbine inlet vane called the High-Impact Technologies (HIT) Research Turbine Vane (RTV). The imaging system is used to make detailed full-coverage, two-dimensional, steady-state measurements of flat plate surface temperature. The PS has a total of 282 film cooling holes including three rows of showerhead holes near the leading edge and a handful of rows downstream depending on the design. The flat plates precisely match the material, thickness, and cooling hole sizes on the RTV, however they are not intended to match the external pressure field or the characteristics of internal cooling beneath the airfoil surface. Surface temperature relative to individual trial freestream gas temperatures is reported for an uncooled plate, a plate with the baseline RTV cooling scheme, and for four different hole types on a plate with a 3D-optimized cooling array designed for the RTV in previous work using genetic algorithms and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The four different cooling hole shapes tested on the downstream rows of the optimized array plates include cylindrical holes, fan-shaped holes, Vehr holes, and a new cooling hole called a mini-trench shaped (MTS) hole. Experimentation on flat plate models using infrared thermography provides large amounts of valuable data, is inexpensive and highly repeatable relative to large rotating blowdown rigs. The results provide key insights into the differences between full-PS film cooling performance on the plate versus the 3D RTV and suggests to designers the best cooling hole shape for the next build of the RTV which will soon be tested in a full-scale blowdown rig instrumented with heat flux gauges. Overall, results clearly corroborate how cooling was redistributed and improved over the PS of the RTV in the original computational design effort and suggest that certain hole shapes are best suited for certain locations on the flat plate models.© 2012 ASME
Genetic differences influencing behavioral temperature regulation in small mammals. I. Nesting by Mus musculus

Nesting behavior was found to differ for animals of five different inbred strains ofMus musculus reared in the same environment, indicating heritable differences in level of nesting byMus. For two separate crosses, hybrid animals built larger nests than did animals of the inbred parental strains. In addition, from data of one of the crosses and derived generations, a very low heritability of nesting but substantial dominance variance were found. This pattern of results is expected of characters which have been the target of natural selection. MaleMus were found to build larger nests than females of all groups tested. These findings suggest that nesting byMus musculus represents required thermoregulatory behavior.
Laser release process to obtain freestanding multilayer metal-polyimide circuits

Some applications in microelectronics call for freestanding polyimide films with fine metallic wiring patterns that are thinner than commercially available copper-clad polyimide sheets, which are typically greater than 25 μm in thickness. This work describes a laser-assisted technique to fabricate freestanding multilayer thin-film wiring with polyimide dielectric insulating layers that are less than 10 μm thick. A release layer consisting of a thin polymeric film is first deposited on an optically transparent carrier and the multilayer thin-film structure is then fabricated on this substrate, with the polymeric release layer sandwiched between the transparent carrier and the multilayer structure. Excimer laser light passes through the transparent carrier and ablates the polymeric layer at the transparent carrier/polymer interface, resulting in separation of the sacrificial carrier from the multilayer structure. The optimal release process is carried out using a 308-nm XeCI excimer laser operating at a fluence of about 100 mJ/Cm 2 .
Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of the Knudsen force on a non-uniformly heated beam

Abstract Rarefied thermally-induced flows generate Knudsen thermal force on structures immersed in a gas and are significant for vacuum microbalances as well as for microsystem sensors and actuators. We study experimentally and numerically the influence of transverse thermal gradients on the Knudsen thermal force. A Peltier device provided the thermal gradient in a beam located in close proximity of a large reaction plate, whose displacement has been sensed using a torsional balance. The pressure in the vacuum chamber varied between 1 and 100 Pa giving a range of Knudsen numbers from the slip to nearly free molecular regimes, based on the gap between the beam and the movable plate. Switching polarity of the Peltier heater produces reversal of the Knudsen thermal force, from repulsive to attractive. The numerical solution of Ellipsoidal Statistical Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (ESBGK) kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation agrees well with experimental data. The obtained non-dimensional Knudsen force coefficient, dependent on the Knudsen number, temperature ratio and the gap height to beam width aspect ratio, quantifies the magnitude of the force for a wide range of generic conditions and could be used for design and analysis of sensors and actuators exploiting this rarefied flow effect.
Crystal plasticity simulations of fretting of Ti-6Al-4V in partial slip regime considering effects of texture

Generalized plane strain finite element fretting simulations of a rigid cylinder in contact with a Ti-6Al-4V half-space represented via 3-D polycrystal viscoplasticity model are performed in the partial slip regime. The dual-phase nature of Ti-6Al-4V and realistic 3-D crystallographic textures are explicitly accounted for in the model. Earlier studies using idealized 2-D slip geometry in 2-D finite element calculations indicate that ratcheting is the dominant mechanism of cyclic plastic deformation for this material under fretting conditions. Herein, changes in the distribution and mode of cyclic microplasticity with respect to different representative 3-D textures are examined and compared to observations from simulations using the 2-D slip geometry. Results are discussed and quantified in terms of cumulative effective plastic strain distributions, plastic strain maps, and the effective ratchet strain increments.
The politics of relationality: from the postmodern to post-ontology

Recent attempts by American theorists to produce a radical politics, characterized by the effort to translate the insights of Continental philosophy into a political register, remain trapped in tha...
Friction and Surface Deformation During Sliding on a Single Crystal of Copper

The effects of crystal orientation and temperature on sliding friction and surface deformation were studied by examination of indentations and wear tracks formed by styli on a single crystal of copper. Copper, diamond and sapphire indenters and sliders were used. Experiments were conducted at room temperature in air and in hydrogen at temperatures up to 800 C. The distribution of dislocation etch pits in the damaged regions was studied microscopically. Friction changed by 50 to over 500%, and track width changed by 15 to 35% as the direction of sliding on a given face in air was varied. These anisotropies are interpreted in terms of topography, work-hardening, and air oxide films. At higher temperatures diamond and sapphire sliders gave lower friction and larger track width than at room temperature. Friction obtained with copper sliders increased markedly with temperature. Surface deformation at intermediate temperatures resulted in recrystallization, and at higher temperatures polygonization resulted. Pr...
A method of ultraviolet spectrophotometry of lipid monolayers on silica gel

A method has been developed for visible and UV spectrophotometry of lipid monolayers after preadsorption on silica gel from solution in hydrocarbon solvents. Lipid-coated silica gel is made optically transparent in the desired spectral region by slurrying with an inert solvent mixture. Reproducible gels with nearly the same refractive index as the solvent are achieved by careful choice of mixed solvents and carefully timed settling periods. The gel is pipetted into a silica cuvette of 1 cm light path, and a 9 mm silica spacer bar is inserted between Teflon guide strips. Appropriate choice of solvent mixtures (mainly spectral grade cyclohexane and cyclooctane) permits quantitation of spectra down to 2250 Angstrom units, using a silica gel reference cell. Lipid elution from the monolayer into the solvent is usually less than 1% at the dry-mixing dilutions used. Spectra of known unsaturated carbonyl compounds adsorbed on silica show red shifts as great as 240 Angstrom units, while blue shifts as great as 100 Angstrom units are observed for tocopherol derivatives with an intact aromatic ring. Very small shifts are observed for polyenes. The extent and direction of the shifts are indicative of adsorption and its orientation and are useful in the preliminary determination of the class of an unknown compound. The silica slurry spectra of the important tocopherol oxidation products, the quinone, dimer and trimer, have been examined. Peak wavelength shifts are consistent with structures elsewhere proposed for these compounds.
Models developed from δ13C and δ15N of skin tissue indicate non-specific habitat use by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

Abstract Stable isotopes can be used to evaluate trophic relationships, nutrient state, and temporal and spatial variation in diet, food webs, and behaviour both within and between species. Here we describe the development and application of models to predict habitat use of a common insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus) based upon δ13C and δ15N signatures of skin tissue. We used a 42-specimen sample collected from three well-characterized ecogeographic regions, disparate both in photosynthetic mechanism and fertilizer use, to generate the models. Significant univariate differences between these three sites in terms of δ13C (F2, 39 = 112.92, P < 0.0001) and δ15N (F2, 39 = 97.06, P < 0.0001), and multivariate significance of both variables (Wilk's λ = 0.032, F4, 76 = 87.02, P < 0.0001), made it possible to develop three predictive models using Fisher's linear discriminant functions: 1) a model predicting if bats forage in C3 or mixed C3/C4 sites, 2) a model predicting if bats forage in agricultural areas, an...
Common-mode rejection limitations of differential amplifiers

The common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) equations of the differential pair and differential cascade amplifiers are reformulated in terms of imbalances in the saturation current. Early voltage, and current gain parameters of the transport model of the bipolar transistor. The effect of source resistance on CMRR is included in the formulation. The CMRR of this class of amplifier is shown to be limited by the magnitude and imbalance of the open-circuit voltage gain of the active devices. Also, a design characteristic, common to a wider class of differential amplifiers, is shown to produce a lower bound on the attainable CMRR.
Matrix Analysis of Oscillators and Transistor Applications

The use of matrix techniques leads to the classification of feedback, harmonic oscillators into four basic types. The oscillator is considered to be made up of two two-port networks: one contains the active element; the other, the feedback network. The equations for oscillation are expressed in terms of the two-port parameters. The method is applied specifically to the Hartley and Colpitts oscillators and their duals. The use of matrices in the analysis brings out the similarities between the oscillators. The Colpitts and Hartley circuits are of one class and require a small L/C ratio to reduce the effect of the active element upon frequencies, whereas their duals require a small C/L ratio. While the equations are derived for the low frequency case, two methods of high-frequency analysis are presented. The application of the equations to transistors is considered and several practical circuits for the dual oscillators are given. A short discussion of the bias elements and their effect on frequency and starting conditions is also included.
Heme oxygenase expression as a biomarker of exposure to amphiphilic polymer-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

AbstractBecause of their unique optical properties, quantum dots (QDs) have become a preferred system for ultrasensitive detection and imaging. However, since QDs commonly contain Cd and other heavy metals, concerns have been raised regarding their toxicity. QDs are thus commonly synthesised with a ZnS cap structure and/or coated with polymeric stabilisers. We recently synthesised amphiphilic polymer-coated tri-n-octylphosphine oxide - poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-tetradecene (TOPO-PMAT) QDs, which are highly stable in aqueous environments. The effects of these QDs on viability and stress response in five cell lines of mouse and human origins are reported here. Human and mouse macrophages and human kidney cells readily internalised these QDs, resulting in modest toxicity. TOPO-PMAT QD exposure was highly correlated with the induction of the stress response protein heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1). Other stress biomarkers (glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit, NAD(P)H, necrosis) were only moderately affected....
Electro-mechanical wave propagation in long bones.

Abstract Due to the piezoelectric character of bone, a stress wave in a long bone causes an electrical charge motion which creates a magnetic field beyond the bone itself. In this study, a dry long bone has been modeled as a piezoelectric, transversely isotropic hollow cylinder, and an analytic solution for this electro-mechanical wave propagation in a long bone has been obtained for the flexural vibration. The dispersion curve for the first flexural mode and variations of the stress wave generated magnetic field as a function of cylindrical coordinates are plotted. The theoretical results are compared with the in vitro experimental values as measured by a previously developed non-contacting electro-magnetic device.
Web-Based Data Analysis and Feedback for General Chemistry Laboratory: Improving Analysis with Timely, Distance Feedback

In a general chemistry course, while the hands-on experience of the laboratory is important, the goals of the laboratory are not fulfilled until the calculations and analysis are complete. Quite often students are capable of following laboratory instructions and generating excellent data, only to fail in the data analysis, which rarely occurs in the confines of the laboratory or the presence of the instructor. All too often, students are unable to learn important information from the interpretation of experimental results and draw correct conclusions because they make calculational errors, which are most often discovered by the instructor in the grading process. There is an opportunity for distance learning to help bridge the gap between collection of data and its correct analysis. At the United States Naval Academy (USNA), we have developed a Web-based system where the students input their data and calculational results into a web form with immediate feedback. The students are then allowed to correct their errors and resubmit. This system has been in successful use for 5 years. A description of a typical experiment will be discussed along with an assessment of student and faculty satisfaction with the program.
Research and Relevance: Implications of Pasteur'S Quadrant for Doctoral Programs and Faculty Development

An examination of the role of research in business. The authors argue that scholars producing research in business fields are subject to stricter research standards due to the fact that they must p...
Simulation-Assisted Formal Verification of Nonlinear Mixed-Signal Circuits With Bayesian Inference Guidance

The pressing need for the verification of analog and mixed-signal (AMS) designs is driven by increased design complexity and the integration of such circuits into SoCs. However, verification of AMS circuits remains a significant challenge. This paper proposes a simulation-assisted formal verification methodology that leverages SMT-based satisfiability techniques to tackle the challenges arising from the inherent analog and/or hybrid nature of AMS systems. Although state-of-the-art SMT solvers, in the worst-case scenario, still have exponential complexity in the number of constraints, the main focus of this paper is to first formally formulate the verification task into an SMT problem, then accelerate the verification by using simulation assistance. To verify the nonlinear dynamics, randomly sampled simulations are first applied to quickly explore the reachable state space, and then a nonlinear SMT solver is invoked to ensure the conservativeness. To achieve optimal efficiency, the tradeoff between the runtime costs of simulation and SMT solving is analyzed by means of a Bayesian inference-based technique that dynamically learns from the simulation history. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed methodology on conservative verification of dynamic properties of nonlinear AMS circuits.
Gastrointestinal helminths from eight species of Aspidoscelis (Squamata: Teiidae) from Mexico

Abstract. Seventy-four representatives of 8 species of whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis ssp.), from Mexico were examined for helminths: Aspidoscelis calidipes (n = 8), A. communis (n = 10), A. cozumelae (n = 9), A. gularis (n = 10), A. lineattissima (n = 9), A. motaguae (n = 11), A. parvisocia (n = 9), and A. sackii (n = 8). We found one species of Cestoda, Oochoristica scelopori, and 7 species of Nematoda, including Abbreviata terrapenis, Parapharyngodon alvarengai, Pharyngodon warneri, Spauligodon garciaprietoi, Spinicauda spinicauda, Thubunaea cnemidophorus, and Physaloptera sp. Mean helminth diversity per lizard species was 3.1 (SD 1.8). Spauligodon garciaprietoi was present in 6 of 8 (75%) of the lizard species. The specimens we examined were infected by an aggregate of helminths that were either characteristic of Aspidoscelis spp. from the United States (North America: O. scelopori, T. cnemidophorus, A. terrapenis, P. warneri) or characteristic of Aspidoscelis spp. from Mexico (Mesoamerica: S. garciap...
SYMMETRY, FORM, AND SHAPE: Guiding Principles for Robustness in Macromolecular Machines

Computational studies of large macromolecular assemblages have come a long way during the past 10 years. With the explosion of computer power and parallel computing, timescales of molecular dynamics simulations have been extended far beyond the hundreds of picoseconds timescale. However, limitations remain for studies of large-scale conformational changes occurring on timescales beyond nanoseconds, especially for large macromolecules. In this review, we describe recent methods based on normal mode analysis that have enabled us to study dynamics on the microsecond timescale for large macromolecules using different levels of coarse graining, from atomically detailed models to those employing only low-resolution structural information. Emerging from such studies is a control principle for robustness in Nature's machines. We discuss this idea in the context of large-scale functional reorganization of the ribosome, virus particles, and the muscle protein myosin.
Toward Community Sensing

A great opportunity exists to fuse information from populations of privately-held sensors to create useful sensing applications. For example, GPS devices, embedded in cellphones and automobiles, might one day be employed as distributed networks of velocity sensors for traffic monitoring and routing. Unfortunately, privacy and resource considerations limit access to such data streams. We describe principles of community sensing that offer mechanisms for sharing data from privately held sensors. The methods take into account the likely availability of sensors, the context-sensitive value of sensor information, based on models of phenomena and demand, and sensor owners' preferences about privacy and resource usage. We present efficient and well-characterized approximations of optimal sensing policies. We provide details on key principles of community sensing and highlight their use within a case study for road traffic monitoring.
Chromatic shadow compatibility and cone-excitation ratios.

Logvinenko [ Perception31, 201 ( 2002)] asserts that Adelson’s wall-of-blocks illusion [ Science262, 2042 ( 1993)], where identical gray-cube surface tops appear to differ in brightness, arises when the surfaces surrounding the cube tops are shadow compatible, creating a concomitant illusion of transparency. We replicated Logvinenko’s main findings in the chromatic domain across three experiments in which observers match cube tops in hue, saturation, and brightness. A second set of stimuli adjusted cone-excitation ratios across the apparent transparency border [ Proc. R. Soc. London257, 115 ( 1994)], which enhanced lightness and brightness constancy but only when the stimuli varied in both chromaticity and intensity.
Early Development of Stereotyped and Self-Injurious Behaviors: II. Age Trends.

Thirty-nine infants who were served in early intervention programs and who engaged in stereotyped or self-injurious behaviors were studied weekly from the time they entered the school until they were 3 years old. The development of these behaviors increased and declined over age more slowly than in typical babies. A few children retained the behaviors for long periods, and some were still showing them when they left the program. The hypothesis that body-rocking promotes motor development was not supported. Indeed, body-rocking may be a consequence of motor development. Head-banging seemed to be related to tantrums, whereas eye-poking developed early and seemed to be self-stimulatory. Suggestions for early treatment are presented.
Some Basics About Students' Learning: a Review

There is no guaranteed formula for ensuring maximum student learning. However, the 12 princi ples suggested by this writer should help to achieve that goal.
Electromagnetic modeling of carbon nanotube interconnects

In this paper, we utilize frequency-dependant complex conductivity of metallic single wall CNTs (SWNT) and within the classical Maxwellian formulation numerically solve for several CNT interconnects. The analysis with commercial software tools based on the method of moments (MoM) and finite element method (FEM) is thoroughly validated and used for extracting the S-parameters of half-wavelength dipole pair, atomic layer deposition (ALD) enabled nano-coaxial, Sommerfeld's and Goubau's transmission lines.
A formal analysis of phonological contrast and iconicity in sign language handshapes

This paper discusses the role of iconicity in sign language phonology by utilizing recently developed tools available in the areas of phonological contrast and feature distribution. In particular, we explain the degree to which iconic elements of handshape interact with the feature system of sign language handshapes in different components of the lexicon, by making specific reference to handshape features that specify joint position. We then discuss similarities and differences between signed languages and spoken languages and the implications for a theory of features that might adequately capture phenomena in both communication modalities. Although cross-linguistic data have been collected and analyzed in this regard, we focus on data from American Sign Language in this work.
Revelation 6:9-11 an Exegesis of the Fifth Seal in the Light of the Problem of the Eschatological Delay

REVELATION 6:9-11: AN EXEGESIS OF THE FIFTH SEAL IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ESCHATOLOGICAL DELAY
Effect of Glycine max canopy characteristics, G. max interference, and weed-free period on Solanum ptycanthum growth

Abstract Additive and replacement series studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Glycine max cultivar canopy characteristics, interference, and weed-free period on the vegetative and reproductive growth of Solanum ptycanthum. Solanum ptycanthum established 0, 2, and 4 wk after planting (WAP) did not reduce seed yield of either Group II (Pioneer 9273) or Group IV (Asgrow 4715) varieties. The Group IV variety intercepted a greater percentage of light throughout the season. However, both varieties reduced growth of S. ptycanthum established 2 and 4 WAP, suggesting no disadvantage of Group II in suppressing S ptycanthum growth. The greenhouse and field replacement series experiments indicated that S. ptycanthum plants experienced greater intraspecific than interspecific competition; that is, S. ptycanthum grew more in mixed species competition than in monoculture. Under field conditions, G. max grew equally well in competition with S. ptycanthum or in monoculture. However, in the greenhouse G. max...
Anhedonia as an indicator of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia

The symptom of anhedonia has been central to causal theories of schizophrenia put forth by Rado and Meehl. Yet, the significance of anhedonia to the etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. Anhedonia is regarded as a core symptom of schizophrenia and has been repeatedly observed in biological relatives of people with the disorder. This chapter summarizes findings for trait anhedonia being an indicator of genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. Relevant studies of twins and families affected by schizophrenia, of the general population, and select animal models of the disorder, are reviewed. Evidence suggests that trait anhedonia may conform to the criteria for an endophenotype as defined by Gottesman and Gould (2003). Nonetheless, concerns about diagnostic specificity and variation in findings across self-report and experiment-based measurement warrant further investigation, to more fully understand how the symptom reflects genetic liability for schizophrenia.
Accelerating analytic queries in OLTP environment using DB2 shadow tables

Traditionally, online transactional processing (OLTP) environments and online analytical processing (OLAP) environments are maintained separately. Data is normally moved from the OLTP system to OLAP system through regular Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) operations, which require complex setups and introduce time lag in data between the two systems. This time lag can be sometimes unacceptable for the business need.
IMPACT ANALYSIS AS A DESIGN TOOL FOR THE LEGS OF MOBILE ROBOTS

This paper investigates the kinetic energy lost in a perfectly plastic collision of a robot with a stationary environment. The analysis is applied in particular to the design of legs for mobile robots that will result in minimal energy loss when impacting the terrain. The generalized inertia ellipsoid is presented as a visualization tool for comparing different leg configurations and different designs. Finally, these techniques are applied to a simplified example of an articulated leg.
Between silence and pain: loudness and the affective encounter

AbstractAs an axiomatic condition of sound, loudness is implicated at all levels of aural perception. Ever in contest, loudness asserts its importance in noise ordinances and stage whispers, on the battlefield and by the infant’s bedside. Yet despite its pervasiveness, loudness remains among the least-analyzed components of the sonic encounter. Focusing on musical applications and listener accounts, this article considers the role of loudness as a generator of sonic affect, situating it within a matrix of psychoacoustic and phenomenological processes. The essay distills three (non-exhaustive) types of commonly reported loudness-effects, which are dubbed ‘listener collapse’, ‘imagined loudness’, and ‘noise occupation’. A final section applies these effects to two recent theories of musical aesthetics: Michel Poizat’s operatic ‘cry’ and Fred Moten’s discussion of ‘Aunt Hester’s scream’. Though multiple levels of loudness experience are considered, the analysis pays particular attention to the force of high-...
The Component-oriented Approach towards Complex Product Development

This paper proposes a new approach towards complex product development. The approach is based on the software component mechanism. A software component is a reusable software package which can run across heterogeneous platforms. This paper presents a Component-based Open System Architecture, in which the design of a product component is implemented into a software component. The product component data and operation methods are exposed and can be reused by others. The Collaborative Product Representation Model is proposed to represent the product component in this environment. It is a neutral, understandable, customizable and reusable model with self-management capability. The Product Model Processor helps to define this complex model data.
18F-FDG PET in Rheumatoid Arthritis: There Still Is a Long Way to Go

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive disease with a high worldwide prevalence—860/100,000— and the highest incidence of all autoimmune diseases—21.8/100,000 in persons older than 16 y ([1][1]). RA is a multisystem disorder characterized by destructive synovitis and inflammation,
The changes in lung function of asthmatic children after inhaling fluicasone propionate

Objective: To observe the lung function changes in asthmatic children who inhaled the fluicasone propionate (FP). Methods: Masterscope, a pulmonary function machine (Jaeger, Germany) was used to determine the lung function of the asthmatic children before and after using the FP for one month. Results: Of all the 45 children, there were obvious improvements in lung function index, especially in FEV 1. 0 and PEF( P 0. 05) after inhaling the medicine. Conclusion: There were apparent effects in lung function improvement after inhaling FP which could be used in prevention and treatment of asthma.
Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement in the Burned Patient

Administration of replacement fluids to prevent shock and maintain organ function in burned patients is described, and formulae for estimating fluid needs are presented. Disturbances of fluid and acid-base balance, sodium disorders, and potassium disorders are also discussed.
Weight Control Behavior as an Indicator of Adolescent Psychological Well-Being.

BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical time for the development of psychological well-being. Weight gain and the emergence of body image concerns during this period can lead to the development of negative psychological states. To explore this issue, we examined the relationship between weight control behavior (WCB; ie, trying to lose, gain, stay the same, or do nothing about weight) and levels of depression and self-esteem. METHODS Adolescents (508 boys, 502 girls; Mage = 12.32 ± .88 years) completed a survey that assessed WCB, depression, and self-esteem. Descriptive discriminant analysis was used to analyze WCB group differences on psychological well-being. Multivariate post hoc analysis further examined group differences. Structure coefficients indicated the relative importance of each dependent variable in boys and girls. RESULTS Results indicated that, among both sexes, WCB was significantly related to depression and self-esteem. Individuals trying to lose weight had lower levels of psychological well-being than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents trying to lose weight reported the lowest psychological well-being scores whereas those not doing anything to control weight reported the highest levels of psychological well-being. These findings have important implications for screening and education programs designed to monitor and support adolescent psychological well-being.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment Associated with Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

At least 20 % of women treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer experience some form of cognitive decline. Recent recommendations call for clinicians to screen cognitive abilities. Screening of factors that can contribute to cognitive impairment is also currently recommended. We describe a battery of free, online, self-report surveys that would take approximately 30 min to complete in the context of an overall functional assessment of wellness. Key physical characteristics to be screened include fatigue and insomnia. Significant psychological characteristics include distress, depression, and anxiety. Fundamental social characteristics include basic needs, workplace issues, and interpersonal well-being. Systematic screening that could be completed in the clinic waiting room or during chemotherapy infusion is an important first step towards more holistic patient care that addresses cognitive side effects, just as physical side effects of treatment are routinely addressed.
After Death: Christina Rossetti’s Timescales of Catastrophe

In a brief, seemingly simple poem called “Time seems not short” from late in her career, Christina Rossetti requires only three stanzas to disorient our conventional experience of temporality. Like...
Cargo delivery on demand from photodegradable MOF nano-cages

We report the photo-induced degradation of and cargo release from a nanoscale metal–organic framework (nMOF) incorporating photo-isomerizable 4,4′-azobenzenedicarboxylate (AZB) linkers. The structure matches a UiO-type framework where 12 4,4′-azobenzenedicarboxylate moieties are connected to a Zr6O4(OH)4 cluster, referred to as UiO-AZB. Due to the incorporation of photo-isomerizable struts, the degradation of UiO-AZB is accelerated by irradiation with white light (1.3 ± 0.1% h−1 under dark conditions vs. 8.4 ± 0.4% h−1 when irradiated). Additionally, we show slow release of Nile Red (NR) which is triggered by irradiation (0.04 ± 0.01% h−1 under dark conditions vs. 0.36 ± 0.02% h−1 when irradiated).