cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C-H bond activation by unsymmetrical 2-(N-arylimino)pyrrolide Pt complexes: geometric effects on reactivity.

Reactions of chloroplatinum methyl complexes with N-(arylimino)pyrrolide anions afford cis and trans neutral platinum methyl complexes. Isomers with methyl trans to the pyrrolide nitrogen activate benzene C−H bonds at 85 °C more than 80 times faster than the corresponding cis isomer. In addition, reactions of platinum dimethyl complexes with N-(arylimino)pyrroles (Ar = 4-substituted phenyl) in C_6D_6 at ambient temperature give unlabeled methane and cis methyl complex containing heavily deuterated Pt−Me. In contrast, bulky aryl substituents give methane isotopomers and trans-Pt−Ph product. The origins of these observations are discussed.
Functional capacity evaluations of persons with chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome

Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) is estimated to affect 2 to 5 million people in the United States. Despite its high incidence, persons with CFIDS have been neglected by the medical community mainly because there is no singular confirming diagnostic test or proven effective treatment. The CFIDS population is incorrectly stereotyped as upper-middle-class, white, female hypochondriacs; consequently, symptoms often are belittled or ignored. In reality, CFIDS is a severe medical condition that affects women, men, and children of any race and often causes long-term or total disability. The results of a modified functional capacity evaluation developed by the author and completed on 86 persons with CFIDS between 1988 and 1990 confirm that this population has severe physical and cognitive disabilities that affect their professional, familial, and social lives. The results of these evaluations are used to present a profile of persons with CFIDS that can serve as a basis for understanding this population and for guiding intervention.
Molecular Properties of Kiss1 Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Mouse

Neurons that produce kisspeptin play a critical role in reproduction. However, understanding the molecular physiology of kisspeptin neurons has been limited by the lack of an in vivo marker for those cells. Here, we report the development of a Kiss1-CreGFP knockin mouse, wherein the endogenous Kiss1 promoter directs the expression of a Cre recombinase-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. The pattern of GFP expression in the brain of the knockin recapitulates what has been described earlier for Kiss1 in the male and female mouse, with prominent expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (in both sexes) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (in females). Single-cell RT-PCR showed that the Kiss1 transcript is expressed in 100% of GFP-labeled cells, and the CreGFP transcript was regulated by estradiol in the same manner as the Kiss1 gene (i.e. inhibited in the ARC and induced in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus). We used this mouse to evaluate the biophysical properties of kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons in the ARC of the female mouse. GFP-expressing Kiss1 neurons were identified in hypothalamic slice preparations of the ARC and patch clamped. Whole-cell (and loose attached) recordings revealed that Kiss1 neurons exhibit spontaneous activity and expressed both h- (pacemaker) and T-type calcium currents, and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated 1–4 and CaV3.1 channel subtypes (measured by single cell RT-PCR), respectively. N-methyl-D-aspartate induced bursting activity, characterized by depolarizing/hyperpolarizing oscillations. Therefore, Kiss1 neurons in the ARC share molecular and electrophysiological properties of other CNS pacemaker neurons.
Complete intersections and Gorenstein ideals

All rings considered in this paper are noetherian commutative K-algebras, where K is a fixed field. A ring R is a Gorenstein ring if the injective dimension of R is finite. In a ring R, we say an ideal I is Gorenstein (respectively, zero dimensional) if R/I is Gorenstein (resp., zero dimensional). We say an ideal I is a complete intersection in R if I can be generated by an R-sequence. These concepts are related in that if an ideal I in a Gorenstein ring R is a zero dimensional complete intersection then it is also a zero dimensional Gorenstein ideal [3]. Both types of ideals play important roles in both algebraic geometry and commutative ring theory. The underlying goal of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of studying these ideals from a different point of view, one which has basically been overlooked. We are led to employ techniques which use only the tools of linear algebra and hence have the advantage of being algorithmic. The first main result of the paper is to give a simple method for determining when a zero dimensional Gorenstein ideal in a polynomial ring over k is in fact a complete intersection. Secondly, restricting our attention to homogeneous ideals, we show that if I is a homogeneous zero dimensional complete intersection, I must contain a polynomial of “small” degree; whereas this need not be true of homogeneous zero dimensional Gorenstein ideals.
Applications to Stellar and Galactic Dynamics

Computation and a wealth of new observational techniques have reinvigorated dynamical studies of galaxies and star clusters. These objects are examples of the gravitational n-body problem with n in the range from a few hundred to 1011. Relaxation effects dominate at the low end and are completely negligible at the high end. The gravitational n-body problem is chaotic, and the principal challenge in doing physics where that problem is involved (whether computationally or with analytic theory) is to ensure that chaos has not vitiated the results. Enforcing a Liouville theorem accomplishes this with collision-free large-n problems, but equivalent recipes are not in common use for smaller n. We describe some important insights and discoveries that have come from computation in stellar dynamics, discuss chaos briefly, and indicate the way the physics that comes up in different astronomical contexts is addressed in numerical methods currently in use. Graphics is a vital part of any computational approach. The long range prospects are very promising for continued high scientific productivity in stellar dynamics.
Guided-Wave Acousto-Optical Devices On Silicon

Silicon substrate is attractive for many guided-wave optical devices because of its superb electronic properties and the broad spectrum of fabrication technologies available. Acousto-optic interaction can provide active electro-optical functions for those devices on the electro-optically passive substrate. Hybrid material technologies such as the deposition of oriented ZnO thin film and the deposition of thin films with high photoelastic coefficients are employed for the generation of surface acoustic waves and for the preparation of optical waveguides for acousto-optic interaction. The performances of such devices are limited by surface acoustic wave propagation loss, by the acoustic wave dispersion on multi-layered structure, by restricted optical aperture dimension, and by the electromechanical conversion efficiency of the thin film piezoelectric element. The discussion involves a number of guided-wave acousto-optic devices with applications ranging from RF spectrum analysis, acousto-optical filtering, to optical interferometry.
An algorithm based on graph theory for the assembly of contigs in physical mapping of DNA

An algorithm is described for mapping DNA contigs based on an interval graph (IG) representation. In general terms, the input to the algorithm is a set of binary overlapping relations among finite intervals spread along a real line, from which the algorithm generates sets of ordered overlapping fragments spanning that line. The implications of a more general case of the IG, called a probe interval graph (PIG), in which only a subset of cosmids are used as probes, are also discussed. In the specific case of cosmids hybridizing to regions of a YAC, the algorithm takes cross-hybridization information using the cosmids as probes, and orders them along the YAC; if gaps exist due to insufficient coverage of cosmid contigs along the length of the YAC, repetitive use of the algorithm generates sets of ordered overlapping fragments. Both the IG and the PIG can expose problems caused by false overlaps, such as hybridizations due to repetitive elements. The algorithm, has been coded in C; CPU time is essentially linear with respect to the number of cosmids analyzed. Results are presented for the application of a PIG to cosmid contig assembly along a human chromosome 13-specific YAC. An alignment of 67 cosmids spanning a YAC took 0.28 seconds of CPU time on a Convex 220 computer.
A model of a decision support system based on case-based reasoning for third-party logistics evaluation

: The social demands for third-party logistics (3PL) are further developing the model of supply chain management. The analysis of an effective approach for 3PL service supplier evaluation is given in terms of its direct relation to the operational efficiency and benefit of the service-demanding enterprise as well as its supply chain management. An analysis of the traditional academic theoretical results and practical methods for 3PL supplier selection indicates the deficiencies of this approach. In this paper, a case-based reasoning model framework is postulated for a 3PL evaluation and selection system. This work further expands upon the theoretical basis of this system and its reasoning process by discussing the advantages and practical value of this framework.
Norepinephrine induces cardiac heat shock protein 70 and delayed cardioprotection in the rat through α1 adrenoceptors

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that norepinephrine (NE) confers immediate cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injuries. The present study tests the hypothesis that in vivo treatment with NE induces delayed cardioprotection against postischemic dysfunction in the rat heart which is associated with expression of c-fos and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 in the myocardium. Methods: Rats were treated with NE (3.1 μmol/kg, ip) and hearts isolated and perfused with a modified Langendorff technique 2 or 24 h after injection. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded during 25 min normothermic global ischemia and 40 min reperfusion. Total RNA was extracted from left ventricular tissue at various time points and Northern hybridization was applied to detect c-fos and HSP70 mRNAs. Expression and distribution of c-fos and HSP72 proteins in the myocardium were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: In vivo NE treatment improved postischemic recovery of both LVDP and LVEDP in the hearts isolated at 24 h after treatment but not in those isolated at 2 h. LVDP was 68.9 ± 4.8 mmHg in NE 24 h group at the end of reperfusion in comparison to 43.6 ± 2.9 mmHg in saline control group ( P < 0.01). Pretreatment with prazosin abolished NE-induced cardioprotection while propranolol pretreatment had no effect. Northern analysis demonstrated rapid and transient increases in c-fos and HSP70 mRNAs in the myocardium after NE treatment. Accumulation of c-fos protein was observed at 3 h and increased amount of HSP72 protein was demonstrated at 24 h in the myocardium. Pretreatment of rats with prazosin eliminated NE-induced increase in cardiac HSP70 mRNA. Conclusions: The results suggest that in vivo treatment with NE upregulates the expression of c-fos and HSP70 in the myocardium and induces delayed protection against postischemic myocardial dysfunction in the isolated rat heart. Induction of both the expression of cardiac HSP70 and the delayed cardioprotection by NE appears to be mediated by α 1 adrenoceptors.
SPACEMAKER: A program to Increase Apple disk capacity from 31 to 33 tracks

SPACEMAKER is an Apple II DOS 3.3. disk utility program that provides a quick method of determining the space remaining on a disk, and frees two additional tracks (a total of 32 sectors) of disk space for programs or text files. Every disk initialized by Apple's Disk Operating System (DOS 3.3) has 35 concentric tracks (much like grooves of a phonograph record), each divided into 32 sectors. Each sector can store 256 bytes (characters). Not all of these tracks are available for data or program files; Track 17, the center track, is reserved by DOS for the catalog and a table of contents (described below), while DOS itself is stored on tracks 0, 1, and 2. Having the "DOS image" on the first three tracks of a disk is often a convenience; when the disk is booted, DOS automatically is available. But disks containing only text files for access by word-processing programs, database management packages, spreadsheets, or data analysis routines are never directly booted, and the DOS stored on Tracks 0, 1, and 2 is never used; files on such disks are read into memory by other programs. Although it is impossible to store files on Track 0 without rewriting parts of DOS itself, it is relatively easy to gain access to Tracks 1 and 2 and to increase effective disk capacity from 31 tracks to 33 tracks. (As noted above, the disk is initialized with 35 tracks, but Track 0 is inaccessible, and Track 17 is reserved for the directory, leaving 33 tracks available.) In order to clear Tracks 1 and 2 for file storage, a user must modify the Volume Table of
Laser-monitored deposition of Parylene thin films

Abstract A method has been developed for the deposition of uniform thin films of Parylene C by the use of laser monitoring. By monitoring the reflectivity of metal-coated substrates during growth of the polymer films, effective anti-reflecting coatings have been deposited which have appreciably improved some properties of chalcogenide and Gd-Co alloy films. The optimum conditions for Parylene C film deposition were found by studying the effect of dimer source temperature and system pressure on the deposition rate and film quality and uniformity. These results are reported and the apparatus is described.
Time-domain analyses of three-dimensional dam-reservoir interactions by BEM and semi-analytical method

Abstract The time-domain solution of the hydrodynamic pressure for the far field of an infinite reservoir is the prerequisite for the nonlinear analyses of dam-reservoir systems. In this paper, an exact consideration of the three-dimensional transmitting boundary condition in the far field of an infinite reservoir is presented. The solution procedures, including a combination of the boundary element method for the near field, which adopts half space fundamental solutions and quadratic (higher order) elements, and continuum expressions in the infinite direction of the far field are also introduced. Results obtained by the proposed method compared very well with available analytical solutions for simple geometrics. Results of the dam-reservoir system with arbitrary shapes are also presented.
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia – A case of castlemans disease reviewed

Abstract Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is a common pathological finding from lung biopsy. It is frequently the original pathologic interpretation from FNA or core biopsies of lesions that are ultimately determined to be non-neoplastic pulmonary lymphoid disorders. One of these disorders is Castleman's Disease. We present a case of a 35-year-old male who underwent multiple procedures to diagnose a posterior mediastinal mass. This was eventually diagnosed as Castleman's Disease. We review the pathology of reactive lymph node hyperplasia and the spectrum of non-neoplastic pulmonary lymphoid disorders. We also review the Unicentric hyaline vascular variant form of Castleman's disease.
Variance and bias confidence criteria for ERA modal parameter identification

For the ERA system identification algorithm, perturbation methods are used to develop expressions for variance and bias of the identified modal parameters. Based on the statistics of the measurement noise, the variance results serve as confidence criteria by indicating how likely the true parameters are to lie within any chosen interval about their identified values. This replaces the use of expensive and time-consuming Monte Carlo computer runs to obtain similar information. The bias estimates help guide the ERA user in his choice of which data points to use and how much data to use in order to obtain the best results, performing the trade-off between the bias and scatter. Also, when the uncertainty in the bias is sufficiently small, the bias information can be used to correct the ERA results. In addition, expressions for the variance and bias of the singular values serve as tools to help the ERA user decide the proper modal order.
Calmodulin binding to the intestinal brush-border membrane: Comparison to other calcium-binding proteins

The intestinal brush-border membrane contains a high concentration of calmodulin bound to a 105 000 dalton (105 kDa) protein. Binding of radioiodinated calmodulin to this protein does not require calcium but is inhibited by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled calmodulin. Recent evidence suggests that the 105 kDa protein in conjunction with calmodulin may be involved in the regulation of calcium transport across the brush-border membrane. In this report, we evaluated the binding of the 105 kDa protein to other radioiodinated calcium-binding proteins including the vitamin D-dependent intestinal calcium-binding protein. We observed that troponin C and S100s protein both bound strongly to the 105 kDa protein. The binding of S100s was inhibited by EGTA, but was little affected by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled S100s, whereas that of troponin C was inhibited by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled troponin C, but was little affected by EGTA. Both troponin C and S100s bound to a large number of proteins to which calmodulin did not bind. The vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin) from chick intestine and rat kidney also bound to the 105 kDa protein, albeit more weakly than troponin C, S100s and calmodulin. The binding of the calbindins was increased by EGTA and was little affected by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled calbindin. Paryalbumin, rat osteocalcin, and α-lactalbumin showed little binding to any brush-border membrane protein. Our results indicate that the 105 kDa calmodulin-binding protein of the intestinal brush border can bind to a variety of calcium-binding proteins all of which contain homologous regions thought to be the calcium-binding sites. Only the binding of troponin C resembles the binding of calmodulin, however, in being inhibited by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled ligand. The functional significance of these observations in terms of regulating calcium transport across the brush-border membrane remains to be established.
Maximal bilinear singular integral operators associated with dilations of planar sets

We obtain square function estimates and bounds for maximal singular integral operators associated with bilinear multipliers given by characteristic functions of dyadic dilations of certain planar sets. As a consequence, we deduce pointwise almost everywhere convergence for lacunary partial sums of bilinear Fourier series with respect to methods of summation determined by the corresponding planar sets.
Investigations of possible metallic and critical behavior in the solid hydrogens at megabar pressures

Abstract Hydrogen and its isotopes have rich and unusual phase diagrams at high pressure. At pressures in the megabar range the hydrogens are predicted to have a band overlap insulator-metal transition within the molecular phases. At still higher pressure molecules should dissociate to the atomic metallic state, also predicted to be a high temperature superconductor. At about 150 GPa both hydrogen and deuterium have transitions to a new phase called the A phase. Although the A phase has been suspected to be the molecular metallic phase, there still exists no experimental evidence for this hypothesis as shown by infrared measurements to study the Drude behavior. A detailed IR and Raman study was also made of the excitations to determine the phase lines in solid ortho-D2 down to liquid helium temperatures. It is found that the line for the A phase meets a line for orientational order in the insulating phase at a triple point. The importance of control of the ortho-para concentration at high pressure, due to the disorder in mixed crystals, is emphasized. A study of the IR and Raman active modes in pure crystals enables the possible structures of the solid to be narrowed down. Although, a structure has not been identified, popular structures used in theoretical calculations of electronic structure such as the hcp and Pa3 space groups have been eliminated for the A phases.
Near infrared spectroscopy of carbon dioxide I. 16O12C16O line positions

Abstract High-resolution near-infrared (4000–9000 cm−1) spectra of carbon dioxide have been recorded using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer at the Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory. Some 2500 observed positions have been used to determine spectroscopic constants for 53 different vibrational states of the 16O12C16O isotopologue, including eight vibrational states for which laboratory spectra have not previously been reported. Calibration by simultaneous use of CO near 4200 cm−1 and C2H2 near 6500 cm−1 provides absolute line position accuracies of 6.0 × 10−5 cm−1 (RMS) for strong, isolated transitions throughout the observed range. Fits with RMS errors
Spherical Bistable Micromechanism

A new micromechanism, the Spherical Bistable Micromechanism (SBM), is described. The SBM has several advantageous features, which include: two stable positions that require power only in transitioning from one to the other; robustness against small disturbances; and an output link with a stable out-of-plane orientation. The SBM may be useful in applications such as 2-D optical mirror arrays or in erecting out-of-plane structures.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Adaptive Controller Design For A Glass Viscoelastic Testing Process

ABSTRACTAn adaptive controller has been designed to control the pressure and force of a testing process of the glass viscoelastic property. The testing process appears to be nonlinear with the characteristic parameters varying drastically from test to test due to the difference of the composition of the testingglass samples and the variation of testing conditions. Theproposed control scheme includes a simplified nonlinear modelwith unknown parameters, an on -line parameter estimator andan adaptive control algorithm combining feedforward predic- tion and PI (proportional plus integral) controller. Experi-mental results prove that the designed adaptive controller isadequate to control the glass testing process over a very widerange of testing conditions. 1. INTRODUCTION The physical behavior of glass is quite different from a usualcrystalline material. At room temperature, glass is appar-ently hard, rigid, brittle and perfectly elastic up to its ulti-mate strength. It appears to remain so as the temperature is
Reactive maintenance of continuous queries

This work addresses the problem of maintaining the consistency of the answers to continuous queries which are posed by the users of the Moving Objects Databases (MOD). Assuming that the motion of the object is represented by a trajectory, we focus on the effect that the modifications to the trajectory data can have on the queries answer-set. In case a mobile user enters a road section in which an accident has occurred, which was not anticipated in the "expected" traffic behavior, not only his trajectory needs to updated, but the answer to the query that he posed may need to be recalculated and transmitted again. In this work we propose a framework which enables detecting and processing the pending queries whose answers need to be re-evaluated upon modifications to the MOD. We identify the relevant syntactic elements which can be extracted from the user's queries and we analyze their semantic implications. We also propose an architecture of a system that can be used for this task. We demonstrate how triggers can be used to maintain the answers to the users' queries "up to date" with respect to the modifications to the MOD and we show that our framework can be implemented on top of the existing ORDBMS.
Elective neck dissection during salvage laryngectomy.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the rate of occult metastases detected with elective neck dissection during salvage laryngectomy for radiation failures. Methods and materials Retrospective review of 63 patients failing radiation therapy treated with salvage surgery between 1970 and 1999. Charts were reviewed for tumor stage, neck treatment, complications, surgical time, and survival. Median follow-up for patients with glottic and supraglottic cancers was 7.8 and 4.5 years, respectively. Results Thirty-one of 41 glottic cancer patients received elective neck dissections. Three (10%) of 31 had occult metastases. Recurrent staged rT3 and greater tumors showed a 20% rate of occult metastases. No survival advantage was noted between patients treated with elective neck dissection and those followed expectantly (P = .87). Cartilage invasion and perineural invasion in the larynx were associated with a higher risk of occult metastases (P Conclusions We recommend bilateral neck dissection at the time of laryngectomy for recurrent staged rT3/4 tumors and all patients with recurrent supraglottic cancers because of the higher rate of occult metastases.
Note---On Madigan's Approach to the Deterministic Multi-Product Production and Inventory Problem

The deterministic multi-product single-machine production and inventory problem is one of the simplest models in which production and inventory factors interact. There is at present no algorithm available which solves the problem optimally, and several different types of approaches have been presented in the literature. Madigan's heuristic method [Madigan, J. G. 1968. Scheduling a multi-product single machine system for an infinite planning period. Management Sci.1411, July 713--719.] avoided some of the drawbacks characteristic of other methods, but there are some errors and limitations in his original presentation, to which this note is addressed.
PD08-06: ERK2 Promotes Stem Cell-Like Characteristics in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is resistant to targeted therapies such as hormonal therapy and HER2−targeted therapies. Thus, no specific targeted therapy is currently available for TNBC. ERK2, a component of the MAPK pathway, plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF-7-10A, a nontransformed human mammary epithelial cell line and is required for full acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics. Inhibition of ERK2 dramatically reduces cell growth, whereas inhibition of ERK1 significantly facilitates proliferation. ERK1 mutant mice have a strikingly milder phenotype than ERK2 mutant mice, which die early in development. In addition, we have shown that the upstream target of ERK, MEK, may be a target for treating TNBC with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. Our reverse-phase protein array analysis showed that of patients with TNBC, those with ERK2-overexpressing tumors were at higher risk of death than those with low-ERK2-expressing tumors. Therefore, we hypothesized that ERK2 promotes the tumorigenesis and metastasis of TNBC. We sought to determine the role of ERK2 in the tumorigenic and metastatic activities in TNBC and whether ERK2 is required for acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics in TNBC. Methods: We studied the role of ERK1 and ERK2 in the TNBC cell line SUM-149. We used shRNA to specifically knockdown ERK1 and ERK2 (shERK1 and shERK2) and examined whether knocking down ERK1 and ERK2 correlated with EMT regulation, migration, and tumorigenicity in TNBC cells. Results: Compared with parental SUM-149 cells, stable clones that constitutively expressed shERK1 or shERK2 showed no difference in growth rate. However, knocking down ERK2 significantly inhibited migration and the acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics (CD44+/CD24-) in SUM-149 cells in vitro. In addition, knockdown of ERK2 also inhibited anchorage-independent growth, an indicator of in vivo tumorigenicity, whereas knockdown of ERK1 did not inhibit anchorage-independent growth. However, inhibition of ERK1 or ERK2 in 2D or 3D cell culture did not correlate with changes in epithelial and mesenchymal markers by western blot analysis. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that ERK2 may promote the tumorigenesis of TNBC via enriching cancer stem cells. Our long-term goal is to develop ERK-targeted therapy for TNBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD08-06.
Lack of association between seasonality and psychopathology in psychiatric outpatients

There exists an extensive literature documenting the impact of seasonality on rates of depression, atypical depression, bulimia, and suicide. In the present report drawn from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we reviewed the results of 1500 diagnostic evaluations of patients who presented to our psychiatric outpatient practice between 1995 and 2001. We sought to determine whether seasonal fluctuations in psychopathology were discernible at the level of how patients present for psychiatric treatment. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find (1) higher rates of onset of major depressive disorder in the spring and fall, (2) higher rates of depressive symptoms or rates of atypical depression in the winter, (3) higher rates of bulimia in the winter, or (4) higher rates of suicidal ideation in the spring. We conclude from these results that the association between seasonality and psychopathology may not be discernible at the level of presentations to an outpatient psychiatric practice.
An algorithm for complex approximations in Z[e^{2{pi}i/8}] (Corresp.)

An algorithm is described that approximates complex numbers by elements of the algebraic integers of Z[e^{2 \pi i / 8}] with integer coordinates of at most a prescribed size. The motivating application is to reduce the dynamic range requirements of residue number system implementations of the discrete Fourier transform. The closest points to zero of Z[e^{2 \pi i / 8}]_{M} gor any integer M are determined. A particular sequence of such points forms the basis of the algorithm. An example of 8 -bit Z[\omega]_{M} - approximations of the 128th roots of unity is considered. The algorithm yields M = 186; with scaling M is reduced to 18 .
Geometrical and finite element modelling of textile composites

Previous analytical models for studying the response of textile reinforced composite materials have been based on either a homogenization of the textile architecture or a representation of the architecture with a type of three-dimensional classical lamination theory. In either case, the analyses are not capable of determining the details of the internal response of these highly complicated materials. Although more costly than its predecessors, the present analysis is based on the detailed architecture developed previously and accounts for many of the geometric complexities that other analyses ignore.
Use of pulmonary artery pressure and pacing catheter during PTCA

A balloon-tipped pacing catheter capable of monitoring pulmonary artery pressure and providing standby right ventricular pacing was used in 20 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCAs), without complication. The catheter was easily inserted in all cases (mean 85 sec) and achieved satisfactory pacing threshold in 17 patients (mean 7.5 ma). The design of this catheter theoretically reduces the risk of right ventricular perforation and tamponade, which may be increased during PTCA.
Computation of the hydrodynamic boundary parameters of a confined fluid via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics

Hydrodynamic boundary parameters (HBP) are computed for a model soft-sphere fluid confined between two corrugated surfaces. The connection between the fluctuation formulae, derived earlier by Bocquet and Barrat, and linear response theory is reviewed. Applications to isomers of hexane on graphite are discussed.
Lateral dopant profiling on a 100 nm scale by scanning capacitance microscopy

Measurement of dopant density in silicon with lateral resolution on the 100 nm scale has been demonstrated with a ‘‘near field’’ capacitance microscope. The technique is based upon the measurement of local capacitance between a 100 nm tip and the sample surface as the tip is scanned over the surface. The capacitive microscope used to image the dopant is capable of measuring capacitance variations of 3×10−22 F/(Hz)1/2, and previously has demonstrated a 25 nm resolution on metallic surfaces. Dopant imaging is achieved by scanning the tip under feedback control close to a silicon surface, and measuring the capacitance variations. Several types of measurements have been made on the submicrometer scale. First, direct two‐dimensional visualization of the dopant in silicon has been achieved by this nondestructive, noncontacting technique. Second, capacitance versus voltage (C–V) measurements have been made with high spatial resolution, providing the means for the measurement of many of the properties of silicon ...
An on-line monitoring system to recognize stitch defects through thread motion and high speed image analyses

A sensor system that inspects a garment as it is being sewn has the potential to eliminate much of the cost associated with inspection and to improve product quality. An economically feasible on-line stitch quality monitoring system is under development that utilizes commercially-available, low-cost piezoelectric sensors and a PC-based Linux data acquisition system. The sensors respond to the vibration caused by the thread motion and output a corresponding waveform used to study and model the formation of single stitches. As a result, the presence of periodic occurrences can be identified and attributed to proper stitch formation. Conversely, the absence of such events can be utilized to signal the presence of single stitch defects and diagnose their causes. Finally, high speed image analysis of the sewing threads has verified conclusions drawn from the output signals of the piezoelectric sensors and contributed to a better understanding of the dynamics involved in high speed sewing.
Phytoplankton distribution along the eastern coast of the U.S.A.—VII. Mean cell concentrations and standing crop

Based on a 10 year data set, the phytoplankters that were most abundant and those that represented the greatest contribution (biovolume) to the standing crop were identified for several regions of the northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Pico-nanoplankton components (<10 μm), Skeletonema costatum and a mixed centric diatom category (<20 μm in size) represented 75% of the cells over the shelf. In contrast, several diatoms (e.g. Rhizosolenia spp.) and a dinoflagellate assemblage composed the bulk (95%) of the standing crop. A greater degree of relationships for species composition, occurrence and abundance was found over the outer shelf than among coastal regions.
Anatomical and physiological study of interneurons in an oligosynaptic cutaneous reflex pathway in the cat hindlimb.

Morphological and physiological studies were undertaken in the cat lumbosacral spinal cord in order to examine individual last-order excitatory interneurons in the disynaptic pathway between low threshold superficial peroneal (SP) afferents and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons. Last-order interneurons projecting to the FDL motor nucleus were visualized with activity-dependent trans-synaptic transport of lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). The location of lumbar interneurons that responded at short latencies (< 3 ms) to electrical stimulation of the SP nerve was further defined using extracellular recording. The projection of individual interneurons to motoneurons in the L6 segment was defined by spike-triggered averaging of population ventral root potentials (VRPs) using the sucrose gap technique. Measurements of the central latencies from the arrival of the SP afferent volley to interneuron firing, and from interneuron spike to the onset of the VRP EPSPs, confirm the existence of a low threshold, disynaptic SP pathway that excited motoneurons. These data provide useful latency constraints for the interpretation of the synaptic length of cutaneous reflex pathways in the cat hindlimb.
Productivity breakdown of the information technology across countries

In this paper, we measure productivity growth of the information technology (IT) industries in fourteen OECD countries over the thirteen-year period of 1978 through 1990. The IT industries are the providers of IT capital goods, and this macro-level analysis seeks to find out how efficiently IT capital goods are produced. The basic unit of analysis employed is the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index. The Malmquist TFP index is next decomposed into three constituent elements accounting for different sources of productivity growth: technological progress, efficiency change, and the effects of economies of scale. The approach of measurement is based the concept of distance functions and employs the non-parametric frontier method of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our results indicate that each country's IT industry manifests its own particular patterns in various performance measures. Among the fourteen countries examined, ten had witnessed productivity growth in their IT industries. Overall, these IT industries are found more productive than other industries when compared with previous research. Further analyses reveal that most of productivity growth measured is due to technological progress. Efficiency change is found to exert a relatively small positive effect on the productivity growth. Moreover, the change of scale economies unfavorably affects productivity for most countries. Finally, practical implications for formulating IT policy are drawn from our results for further discussions.
The effects of some nucleosides and dithiothreitol on the stability and activity of liver phenylalanine hydroxylase.

Abstract Phenylalanine and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyltetrahydropteridine, but not oxygen, protect phenylalanine hydroxylase ( l -phenylalanine tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.3.1) from thermal inactivation. Several nucleosides also protect the enzyme from inactivation by heat. Most, but not all, of the nucleosides and related compounds which protect the enzyme also inhibit the activity of the enzyme. Adenosine is a linear competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with respect to the tetrahydropteridine cofactor. The inhibition constant for adenosine is 12.2 mM; the dissociation constant for the adenosine-enzyme complex is 2.7 mM as measured by the ability of adenosine at several concentrations to protect the hydroxylase from slow inactivation under the conditions of the assay. Dithiothreitol has a dual effect on the stability of the enzyme. It labilizes the enzyme to thermal inactivation at low concentrations of adenosine or phenylalanine. However, at high concentrations of adenosine or phenylalanine dithiothreitol stabilizes the enzyme. Several other sulfhydryl compounds affect the stability of the enzyme like dithiothreitol. On the other hand, most chelators without a sulfhydryl group do not alter the stability of the enzyme. Some possible implications of these findings are discussed.
The effect of hind-tibial spurs on digging rate in female eastern cicada killers

1. The function of the large hind-tibial spurs of female eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus), thought to be adaptations to digging, was examined by measuring the effect of spurs on digging rate. 2. Spurs were removed from one group of wasps and left intact in control specimens. 3. Wasps with intact spurs removed soil from the burrow at a rate of 0.98 ± 0.11 (16) g dry mass min−1 [mean ± SEM (N)]. Removal of spurs results in an average digging rate just over one-half that, 0.54 ± 0.13 (9) g min−1. 4. The difference in digging rate was primarily because of a twofold greater mass of soil unloaded by intact wasps each time they exited the burrow, rather than the rate at which such loads were delivered. 5. Such inefficiency results in an estimated additional 8.2 h requirement to fully excavate an average burrow, or a 1–4% reduction in time available for foraging in spur-ablated wasps. 6. Calculations suggest that the time lost to digging would result in a 3.9–19.5% reduction in foraging success for spurless females. 7. These temporal and resulting foraging advantages of hind-tibial spurs presumably provided selection pressure for their evolution from smaller, pre-existing setae.
The Crystal Structure of the Tumor Suppressor Protein Pp32 (Anp32A): Structural Insights Into Anp32 Family of Proteins.

The tumor suppressor protein pp32 is highly overexpressed in many cancers of the breast and prostate, and has also been implicated in the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxias type 1 (SCA1). Pp32 is a multifunctional protein that is involved in the regulation of transcription, apoptosis, phosphorylation, and cell cycle progression, the latter through its association with the hyperphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor. We have determined the structure of an N-terminal pp32 fragment comprising a capped leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, which provides insight into the structural and biochemical properties of the pp32 (Anp32) family of proteins.
Attenuation of Gossypol Cytotoxicity by Cyclic AMP in a Rat Liver Cell Line

Abstract The effect of pretreatment of a rat liver cell line (Clone 9) with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), an agent previously shown to increase gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), was used to determine if increased GJIC would attenuate the cytotoxic effects of gossypol acetic acid (GAA). Pretreatment with 8-Br-cAMP increased the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) for gossypol from 4.1 to 6.1 μM in Clone 9 cells. GJIC was suppressed by about 57% within 5 min when Clone 9 cells were treated with 1.0 μM GAA alone, whereas cells treated with 3.0 or 10 μM GAA were completely uncoupled within the same time frame. In contrast, GJIC was maintained near control levels in Clone 9 cells preincubated with 1.0 mM 8-Br-cAMP for 10 min prior to 1.0 μM GAA exposure. 8-Br-cAMP partially restored GJIC in cells treated with 3.0 μM GAA but was unable to protect cells exposed to 10 μM GAA. The effects of GAA and 8-Br-cAMP pretreatment on connexin43 (Cx43) protein expression was analyzed with Western blots. GAA treatment at concentrations of 1 and 3 μM caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in phosphorylation of Cx43 over a 20-min period, whereas 10 μM GAA caused a time-dependent degradation of Cx43 over the same interval. Pretreatment of cells for 10 min with 8-Br-cAMP completely reversed the effect of 1 μM GAA and partially blocked the effect of 3 μM GAA on Cx43 phosphorylation and suppressed Cx43 degradation at 10 μM. Additional fluorescence endpoints associated with cellular homeostasis mechanisms were also monitored to evaluate cytotoxicity and potential protective effects of 8-Br-cAMP pretreatment in cells exposed to GAA, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoplasmic acidification, glutathione (GSH) content, intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i), and mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential. The adverse effects of GAA on the production of ROS, cytoplasmic acidification, GSH content, and [Ca2+]iwere also attenuated. The primary protective effect of 8-Br-cAMP was observed at or below the IC50of GAA, with greatest protective effects detected on early endpoints affected by GAA exposure. These studies suggest that the protective effect of 8-Br-cAMP in GAA-treated cells results from enhanced GJIC, which facilitates cellular homeostasis by providing cell–cell diffusion of essential metabolites, ions, and regulatory and informational molecules.
External Organizational Rhetoric: Bridging Management and Sociopolitical Discourse

As is the case for internal organization rhetoric, external rhetoric is essential to understanding, evaluating, and improving organizations’ participation in the sociopolitical discourse in the com...
Site-specific methylation in Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis: Effect of covalent modifications to the chemotaxis receptor McpB

The Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis pathway employs a receptor methylation system that functions differently from the one in the canonical Escherichia coli pathway. Previously, we hypothesized that B. subtilis employs a site-specific methylation system for adaptation where methyl groups are added and removed at different sites. This study investigated how covalent modifications to the adaptation region of the chemotaxis receptor McpB altered its apparent affinity for its cognate ligand, asparagine, and also its ability to activate the CheA kinase. This receptor has three closely spaced adaptation sites located at residues Gln371, Glu630 and Glu637. We found that amidation, a putative methylation mimic, of site 371 increased the receptor's apparent affinity for asparagine and its ability to activate the CheA kinase. Conversely, amidation of sites 630 and 637 reduced the receptor's ability to activate the kinase but did not affect the apparent affinity for asparagine, suggesting that activity and sensitivity are independently controlled in B. subtilis. We also examined how electrostatic interactions may underlie this behaviour, using homology models. These findings further our understanding of the site-specific methylation system in B. subtilis by demonstrating how the modification of specific sites can have varying effects on receptor function.
Hybrid multiaccess for all-optical LANs with nonzero tuning delays

Proposes a hybrid multiaccess scheme for all-optical local area networks. This scheme alleviates the effect of slow tuning speeds of optical devices on the network performance. A number of users share a wavelength through an additional degree of freedom (such as subcarrier frequencies or code words from a CDMA code). The reduction of the number of wavelengths with no reduction in the transmission concurrency provides robustness against tuning delays. The authors analyze the hybrid scheme under a simple, suboptimal access protocol to evaluate the network performance in terms of average packet delay. Results indicate that the average packet delay is significantly lower with this multiaccess scheme compared with pure wavelength division multiple access.
T-Analyst: a program for efficient analysis of protein conformational changes by torsion angles

T-Analyst is a user-friendly computer program for analyzing trajectories from molecular modeling. Instead of using Cartesian coordinates for protein conformational analysis, T-Analyst is based on internal bond-angle-torsion coordinates in which internal torsion angle movements, such as side-chain rotations, can be easily detected. The program computes entropy and automatically detects and corrects angle periodicity to produce accurate rotameric states of dihedrals. It also clusters multiple conformations and detects dihedral rotations that contribute hinge-like motions. Correlated motions between selected dihedrals can also be observed from the correlation map. T-Analyst focuses on showing changes in protein flexibility between different states and selecting representative protein conformations for molecular docking studies. The program is provided with instructions and full source code in Perl.