cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of functional vomiting

The diagnosis of functional vomiting is made on the general appearance and manner of the patient, the negative examination, and the clinical features and long duration of the vomiting. A method of treatment is described which proved successful in functional vomiting. Report of three of these cases is made. The essential features in this treatment are hospitalization, complete rest of the stomach, and sedatives, with reassurance of the patient of the absence of organic disease and gradual rehabilitation.
AB Initio Simulation on Grotthuss Mechanism

Ab initio simulations on Grotthuss mechanism have been carried out. Using the simulation results together with the existing experimental data, all the popular propositions for Grotthuss mechanism, including the one recently proposed by Noam [1], have been checked. Combining with the charge distribution calculation and the movement of the positive charge center inside the protonated water cluster during the proton diffusion process, only one mechanism is shown probable, while all the other proposed mechanisms are excluded. According to this probable mechanism, the high mobility of proton inside water is caused by the high diffusion rate of H5 O2 + , while the diffusion of H5 O2 + is mainly induced by the thermal movement of water molecules at the second solvation shell of H5 O2 + cation and the Zundel polarization inside the cation ion. Furthermore, the external field and thermo-dynamic effects play important roles during the transport process by affecting the reorientation of water molecules at the neighborhood of the second solvation shell of H5 O2 + to induce the Zundel polarization and by providing the energy for the cleavage of the hydrogen bond between a newly formed water molecule and H5 O2 + . Because the weight (fraction) of H5 O2 + among protonated water clusters decreases as temperature increases, this proposed mechanism is considered to play the dominant role only when temperature is below 572 K, above which, protons transport by other mechanisms become dominant.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Radiation Induced Thermal Stratification in Surface Layers of Stagnant Water

Analysis is developed for the time dependent thermal stratification in surface layers of stagnant water by solar radiation. The transient temperature distribution is obtained by solving the one-dimensional energy equation for combined conduction and radiation energy transfer using a finite difference method. Experimentally, solar heating of water is simulated using tungsten filament lamps in parabolic reflectors of known spectral characteristics. The transient temperature distribution resulting from radiant heating of pure water in a glass-walled test cell is measured with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Measured and predicted temperature profiles show good agreement, thus verifying the radiation and total energy transfer models in stagnant water. It is found that the boundary condition at the air-water interface and internal radiant heating rate must be correctly specified in order to properly model stratification of water by radiation.
Targeted Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in the western world. Recent advances in understanding the biology of B-cell malignancies have resulted in the development of novel agents targeting key prosurvival pathways in the neoplastic B cell. Objective The goal of this article was to summarize current literature on the emerging therapeutic approaches in CLL and B-cell malignancies. Methods A literature review was performed, identifying pathways and key clinical trials involving novel therapies in CLL, with special emphasis on B-cell receptor (BCR)-targeting agents. Results Understanding the biology of the BCR-signaling pathway has led to identification of novel molecular targets. Most notably, inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-δ have entered clinical trials and demonstrated high response rates in CLL, including high-risk disease. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors may evolve into an alternative therapeutic approach in CLL. New drugs that target molecules within and outside of the BCR-signaling pathway have shown promise in preclinical studies. Conclusions Both preclinical and early clinical trial results involving novel targeted therapies suggest that the standard treatment paradigm in CLL and B-cell malignancies will soon change. Particular attention should be paid to the BCR-targeting agents, whose favorable adverse effect profile may improve the lives of elderly patients with CLL.
Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary in an 86 year old woman

► Oldest reported patient with endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. ► Chemotherapy for endodermal sinus tumor. ► BEP chemotherapy in an elderly patient.
Eating high fat chow increases sensitivity of female rats to indirect-acting but not direct-acting dopamine receptor agonists

Aims: No medications have been approved for the treatment of cocaine dependence. The aim of this work was to determine the need for and commercial viability of a high turn-over cocaine esterase with high specificity and selectivity with activity for 2–4 weeks after subcutaneous injection for treatment of cocaine dependence. Methods: The Technology Transfer Office, University of Michigan requested an independent assessment of the commercial viability of this treatment approach based in part on Collins GT et al., Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012; 37:1092–1103. Thirteen internationally recognized clinical, policy and research leaders in the addiction field participated in a structured phone interview. Six were former CPDD Awardees. Results: Direct quotes – Need: “no benefit from medications; little benefit from outpatient treatment; some benefit from inpatient treatment; but nothing works”. LACE would be a “substantial advance” and “preferred treatment” if patients would take for at least 6 months. “It takes 2 years to get your life back”. Advantages: “solves the compliance problem” and “removes the reinforcing effects of cocaine” “so over time other interventions can work”. Target patients: “Any onewhowasmotivated”; approvable indication and label “relapseprevention”. Reimbursement: “would follow as it has for buprenorphine and naltrexone”. “Higher functioning professionals with a lot to lose would pay directly”; “Accountable/Managed Care andHMOs”. “TheAffordable Care Actwill help”. Challenges: “patient acceptance”; “antibody formation”; “polydrug use”; “injection volume”; “need physician involvement”; “few funding sources”; “regulatory requirements”; “cost of medication”. Market size: Probably $200–350M 3 years after approval and launch. Conclusions: LACE is potentially a superior treatment approach to cocaine dependence, commercially viable and addresses an unmet public health need. Substantial development challenges exist. Government support, an expedited efficacy development plan focused on safety combined with post-marketing studies might be considered. Financial support: Technology Transfer Office, University of Michigan.
Repair of DNA heteroduplexes containing small heterologous sequences in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Plasmid heteroduplexes were constructed that contain 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 unpaired bases within the mnt gene. These were used to assess the efficiency of repair of small heterologous sequences ("heterologies") in DNA by the Escherichia coli Dam-directed mismatch repair system. Heteroduplexes in defined states of methylation at d(GATC) sites were used to transform a repair-proficient indicator strain (which has a mnt-lac fusion coding for a nonfunctional mnt repressor) and its isogenic mutH, -L, and -S derivatives. Using this in vivo transformation system, we scored for repair on the basis of colony color: correction in favor of the strand bearing mnt+ coding information gives rise to colonies that are white, whereas correction on the opposite strand (mnt-) yields colonies that are red when grown on MacConkey agar. Failure to repair a heterology yields colonies that are both red and white ("mixed"). The correction efficiencies of two heteroduplexes, each containing a single G.T mismatch within mnt, were also monitored for purposes of comparison. Our results show that mutHLS-dependent, methyl-directed repair of heteroduplexes with 1-, 2-, and 3-base deletions is as highly efficient as the repair of G.T mismatches. Heteroduplexes with a 4-base deletion are marginally repaired and DNA with a 5-base deletion is not detectably repaired. In addition, we show that purified MutS protein from Salmonella typhimurium, which can substitute for E. coli MutS in vivo, binds to oligonucleotide duplexes containing 1, 2, 3, and 4 unpaired bases of a sequence identical with that used for the in vivo studies. Specific binding of MutS to homoduplex DNA and to DNA that had undergone a 5-base deletion was not observed.
Pattern Formation by Lateral Inhibition in Large-Scale Networks of Cells

A common pattern formation mechanism in multi-cellular organisms is lateral inhibition where the cells inhibit a particular function in their immediate neighbors through a contact signaling mechanism. We present a broad dynamical model that captures this mechanism and reveal the key properties that are necessary for patterning. The model consists of subsystems representing the biochemical reactions in individual cells, interconnected according to an undirected graph describing which cells are in contact. By using input-output properties of the subsystems and the spectral properties of the adjacency matrix for the contact graph, we provide verifiable conditions that determine when the spatially homogeneous steady-state loses its stability and what types of patterns emerge. We first study bipartite contact graphs and investigate the existence and stability of a “checkerboard” pattern that demonstrates the ability of neighboring cells to adopt distinct fates under lateral inhibition. Next, we exhibit a monotonicity property of the interconnected model for bipartite graphs and, under mild additional conditions, prove that almost every solution converges to one of the possible steady-states. Finally, we reveal a pattern that emerges in odd-length cycles, which are quintessential examples of non-bipartite graphs. A salient feature of this paper is that, unlike the existing literature, it does not restrict the number of cells and reactants.
Hearing with the third ear: dichotic perception of a melody without monaural familiarity cues

Julesz has shown that cross-correlations between two patterns that appear random to either eye alone can give rise to the perception of form and depth when viewed stereoscopically. We produced auditory analogs by presenting eight simultaneous and continuous sine waves to both ears and by either phaseshifting or frequency-shifting one of them relative to its counterpart in the opposite ear. Particular tones were shifted in sequence such that a melody was heard which was undetectable by either ear alone.
Computation of robust estimates of multivariate location and shape

This paper reviews the state of the art in the computation of robust estimates of multivariate location and shape using combinatorial estimators such as the minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) and iterative M- and S-estimators. We also present new results on the behavior of M- and S-estimators in the presence of different types of outliers, and give the first computational evidence on compound estimators that use the MVE as a starting point for an S-estimator. Problems with too many data points in too many dimensions cannot be handled by any available technology; however, the methods presented in this paper substantially extend the size of problem that can be successfully handled.
Surgical Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Revisited

Objectives Previous anatomic studies of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) have described the variability in the course of the RLN. The anatomy of the nerve appears more constant along its distal segment near the cricothyroid joint, which is our surgical approach to the initial identification of the nerve. Understanding the topographical anatomy of the nerve in this region facilitates quick and safe nerve identification. The surgical topographical anatomy of the nerve in this region has not been studied in detail, which is the focus of this study. Methods A total of 278 RLNs in 190 patients were dissected during thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy. The course of the nerve was recorded, paying particular attention to the directional course along its distal portion. The angle in which it coursed in relationship to a line paralleling the tracheoesophageal groove was determined. Results All 278 nerves were identified. Seventy-eight percent of the right-sided nerves coursed between 15 and 45 degrees, and 77% of the left-sided nerves coursed between 0 and 30 degrees. It appears that the nerve is more likely to travel at a more obtuse angle with right-sided RLNs and in patients with a low-lying cricoid. There was no permanent postoperative RLN palsy, and the incidence of temporary palsy was 1%. Conclusions Approaching the nerve along its distal portion is safe and effective. The surgical topographical anatomy in this region is described in detail. Some of the potential advantages of identifying the nerve more distally include less chance of disrupting the blood supply to the inferior parathyroid gland, dissection along a shorter portion of the nerve, and less variability of the nerve.
Relative roles of cognitive ability and practical intelligence in the prediction of success.

Initial investigations into the construct of practical intelligence have identified a new general factor of practical intelligence (gp), which is believed to be independent of general cognitive ability. This construct, gp, is also believed to be a better predictor of success than cognitive ability, personality, or any combination of variables independent of gp. The existence of this construct and its independence from Spearman's g is, however, under debate. The purpose of the present study is to investigate both the relationship between gp and g and the relative roles of practical intelligence and cognitive ability in the prediction of success. The participants included 197 college students. Each completed both the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery and Sternberg and Wagner's measure of practical intelligence in academic psychology. The results of structural equation modeling support Sternberg and Wagner's assertion that practical intelligence and general cognitive ability are relatively independent constr...
A LIDAR streaming architecture for mobile robotics with application to 3D structure characterization

We present a novel LIDAR streaming architecture for real-time, on-board processing using unmanned robots. We propose a two-level 3D data structure that allows pipelined and streaming processing of the 3D data as it arrives from a moving robot: (i) at the coarse level, the incoming 3D scans are stored in memory in a dense 3D voxel grid with a relatively large voxel size - this ensures buffering of the most recent data and the availability of sufficient 3D measurements within a specific processing volume at the next level; (ii) at the fine level, we employ a data chunking mechanism guided by the movement of the robot and a rolling dense 3D voxel grid for processing the data in the immediate vicinity of the robot, which enables reuse of previously computed features. The architecture proposed requires a very small memory footprint, minimal data copying, and allows a fast spatial access for 3D data, even at the finest resolutions. We illustrate the proposed streaming architecture on a real-time 3D structure characterization task for detecting doors and stairs in indoor environments and show qualitative results demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
Adaptive control of nonminimum phase systems and application to a robotic welder

The authors describe ongoing research on the adaptive control of nonminimum-phase linear systems. They propose a new class of adaptive control laws which avoids projection of parameter estimates by the creation of an auxiliary model. By designing a control law for the auxiliary model, a generalization of model reference adaptive control for the original system is obtained. A robotic welder at the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in Champaign, Illinois, is currently being used as a testbed for these theoretical results. The recent observations are described and future work is discussed. >
Kinetics of Systemic Cytokine and Brain Chemokine Gene Expression in Murine Toxoplasma Infection

Toxoplasma gondii often migrates to the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients, where it induces a severe inflammation referred to as Toxoplasma encephalitis. The mechanisms involved in control of parasite multiplication and prevention of Toxoplasma encephalitis remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to characterize the inflammatory response in the brains of mice during acute T. gondii infection, with emphasis on the expression of chemokine receptors. Susceptible C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 10 cysts of the low-virulent ME49 strain of T. gondii. Levels of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-12p70) and chemokines (CCL/2MCP-1) were measured in plasma at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after infection. In addition, the mRNA expression of chemokines (CCL5/RANTES, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1beta) and chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR4, and CXR5) were measured in brain tissues at the same time points. Plasma levels of IFN-gamma and CCL2/MCP-1 were highly expressed at day 5, whereas TNF-alpha had a moderate increase at day 5, peaked at day 10, and returned to normal levels by day 30. Plasma levels of IL-10, IL-6, and IL-12p70 were not detected throughout the study. Analyses of mRNA expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the brain showed that CCL5/ RANTES, CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR5 were upregulated, peaking after 10 days of T. gondii infection. IgM-specific antibody levels increased at day 5 and peaked at days 10 and 30, whereas IgG levels increased at day 10 and continued to increase thereafter, reaching maximum levels at day 30 postinfection (PI). Our results suggest that T. gondii infection is controlled at local and systemic levels, and that proinflammatory proteins and their receptors may be acting coordinately to induce stage conversion and prevent parasite multiplication and development of Toxoplasma encephalitis. The early production of IFN-gamma and the delayed expression of CXCR4 and CXCR5 indicate that T. gondii induces an early robust cellular immune response, followed by a strong and sustained antibody-mediated immunity.
Patients and doctors: rights and responsibilities in the NHS (2)

Our society is very concerned with endowing and protecting people's rights and the existence of a National Health Service in this country has allowed such concepts to be applied to medical care. It is not clear, however, whether the concept of rights helps either doctors or patients, and it may in fact be misleading or even damaging. A discussion of the suitability of rights ethics to the healthcare context is presented, particularly highlighting the problems of attributing positive rights. The way in which rights create corresponding duties and responsibilities, and the particular problems that this creates for our health service is also addressed. Finally, in the light of the ongoing changes in the doctor-patient relationship, the future balance of rights and responsibilities in healthcare and the impact this will have on clinical decision-making is discussed.
Animals and the Scope of Justice

Animals share our physical world, but the moral rules, values, and concerns about fairness that apply to those within our scope of justice rarely apply to animals. This paper reports an experiment that investigated the effect of three variables hypothesized to modify subjects' inclusion of animals in their scope of justice: (1) the animal's similarity to people, (2) the animal's utility to people, and (3) the severity of conflict between people and the animal. Three hundred and sixty-three high school students read materials that led them to perceive an animal, the Bombardier beetle (Brachinus), as similar or dissimilar to people and as beneficial or harmful. Subjects then read a low-conflict scenario and a high-conflict scenario, each followed by dependent measures. The findings indicated that subjects' scope of justice was modified by the perceived utility of the animal and by conflict severity. Surprisingly, perceived similarity in the high-conflict scenario decreased subjects' scope of justice. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for theory and for environmental conservation.
Bone Density in Breast Cancer: When to Intervene?

The increased fracture risk associated with treatment-related loss of bone mineral density is an increasingly important problem for women diagnosed with breast cancer. In premenopausal patients, chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure and adjuvant ovarian suppression/ablation can lead to rapid and profound loss of bone mineral density. 1 In addition, in contrast to its bone mineral density–preserving effects seen in the postmenopausal setting, tamoxifen is associated with decreases in bone mineral density in premenopausal women. 2,3 In postmenopausal patients, the progressive loss of bone density associated with natural ovarian failure and aging, and the increasingly common use of adjuvant aromatase inhibition, which exacerbates the estrogen deprivation state, contribute to increased osteoporosis and fracture rates. In recognition of the increasing impact of cancer treatment on our patients’ bone health, the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) clinical practice guideline panel on bisphosphonates and bone health in women with breast cancer stated strongly that “oncology professionals, especially medical oncologists, need to take an expanded role in the routine and regular assessment of osteoporosis risk in women with breast cancer.” 4
A note on the mesh independence of convergence bounds for additive Schwarz preconditioned GMRES

Additive Schwarz preconditioners, when including a coarse grid correction, are said to be optimal for certain discretized partial differential equations, in the sense that bounds on the convergence of iterative methods are independent of the mesh size h. Cai and Zou (Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2002; 9:379–397) showed with a one-dimensional example that in the absence of a coarse grid correction the usual GMRES bound has a factor of the order of . In this paper we consider the same example and show that for that example the behavior of the method is not well represented by the above-mentioned bound: We use an a posteriori bound for GMRES from (SIAM Rev. 2005; 47:247–272) and show that for that example a relevant factor is bounded by a constant. Furthermore, for a sequence of meshes, the convergence curves for that one-dimensional example, and for several two-dimensional model problems, are very close to each other; thus, the number of preconditioned GMRES iterations needed for convergence for a prescribed tolerance remains almost constant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and numerical investigation of airflow and contaminant transport in an airliner cabin mockup

Abstract The study of airflow and contaminant transport in airliner cabins is very important for creating a comfortable and healthy environment. This paper shows the results of such a study by conducting experimental measurements and numerical simulations of airflow and contaminant transport in a section of half occupied, twin-aisle cabin mockup. The air velocity and air temperature were measured by ultrasonic and omni-directional anemometers. A gaseous contaminant was simulated by a tracer gas, sulfur hexafluoride or SF6, and measured by a photo-acoustic multi-gas analyzer. A particulate contaminant was simulated by 0.7 μm di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacat (DEHS) particles and measured by an optical particle sizer. The numerical simulations used the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations based on the RNG k–e model to solve the air velocity, air temperature, and gas contaminant concentration; and employed a Lagrangian method to model the particle transport. The numerical results quantitatively agreed with the experimental data while some remarkable differences exist in airflow distributions. Both the experimental measurements and computer simulations were not free from errors. A complete and accurate validation for a complicated cabin environment is challenging and difficult.
THE DUTY TO SEEK PEACE

Kant claimed that we have a duty to seek peace, and encouraged a hope for peace to support that duty. To encourage that hope he argued that peace was reasonably likely. He thought that peace was reasonably likely because he believed that historical trends would create opportunities to implement his plan for peace. But authorities claim that globalization is undermining such opportunities. Consequently Kant's arguments can no longer sustain our hope for peace. We can sustain that hope by devising a new plan for peace that globalization will give us opportunities to implement. But in order to devise such a plan we need to sustain our hope for peace. We can sustain such a hope by reflecting on the value of peace because hope is sustained not only by the belief that the object of hope is likely, but also by the conviction that it is valuable. In this way we can perhaps sustain a hope for peace that will support our duty to seek peace. But the fear of war and compassion for the victims of war may also support the duty to seek peace. Kant ignored these opportunities to support the duty to seek peace because they could support only the duty to avoid war. But Kant never showed that the duty to seek peace—as he saw it—outweighed the duty to avoid war. I conclude that Kant's arguments lead us to endless war rather than to peace.
Adaptive Switching Power Converter with Dual-Loop Switched-Capacitor Controller and On-Chip Output Capacitor

An adaptive-output switching converter is proposed. The design uses one-cycle control for fast line regulation and an outer loop for load regulation and fine tuning. The dual-loop operation allows the first integration of output capacitor. A switched-capacitor (SC) integrator is employed in the controller to obtain positive integration with a single-rail power supply, allowing low-cost CMOS fabrication process. To improve the efficiency, a dynamic loss control technique is presented. The circuit was fabricated with 0.35 mum N-well CMOS process. With a supply voltage of 3 V, a voltage ripple of less than 15 mV is measured. The maximum efficiency is 92% with a load power of 475 mW. The converter exhibits a tracking speed of 23.75 mus/V for both start-up and reference voltage transitions. The recovery time for a 20% load change is approximately 9.5 mus
Antenna Effects on a Monostatic MIMO Radar for Direction Estimation, a Cramèr-Rao Lower Bound Analysis

Antenna effects on a monostatic multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) Radar for direction estimation are studied by analyzing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The CRLB is derived for a multi-band MIMO Radar system, and is in a form that incorporates the characteristics of a practical antenna array. Two different uniform linear antenna arrays, one narrowband and the another wideband, are investigated by exploring the CRLB. The estimation performance for the real antenna array is compared to that for an ideal array composed of isotropic antenna elements. It is found out that the mutual coupling between antenna elements alters the radiation patterns a lot, and therefore tremendously affects the estimation performance. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that by distributing the transmitted power over several frequency bands, more accurate estimation can be achieved due to frequency diversity, and the negative effects of radiation pattern deviation can be alleviated.
Distributed Source Coding Using Abelian Group Codes: A New Achievable Rate-Distortion Region

A distributed source coding problem with a joint distortion criterion that depends on the sources and the reconstruction is considered in this work. While the prevalent trend in information theory has been to prove achievability results using Shannon's random coding arguments, using structured random codes offer rate gains over unstructured random codes for many problems. Motivated by this, a new achievable rate-distortion region (an inner bound to the performance limit) is presented for this problem for discrete memoryless sources based on “good” structured random nested codes built over abelian groups. For certain sources and distortion functions, the new rate region is shown to be strictly bigger than the Berger-Tung rate region, which has been the best known achievable rate region for this problem till now. This is done using numerical plots. Achievable rates for single-user source coding using abelian group codes are also obtained as a corollary of the main coding theorem. It is shown that nested linear codes achieve the Shannon rate-distortion function in the arbitrary discrete memoryless case.
UNIFORMIDADE ENTRE ÁRVORES DURANTE UMA ROTAÇÃO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A PRODUTIVIDADE EM Eucalyptus CLONAIS

Tree clonal plantations have identical growing capability. However, operational failures lead to heterogeneous resources supply, resulting in losses of uniformity. Scientific evidences have shown heterogeneity between plants interfere on wood productivity. Nevertheless, few studies relate uniformity since the beginning of rotation and determine relationship between productivity and uniformity. So, we aim to investigate the behavior of uniformity along a rotation and its relationship with productivity in Eucalyptus clonal plantation. For this, a randomized block experiment was replicated in three experimental sites. A uniform treatment, with all seedlings planted at the same time was contrasted with a heterogeneous treatment, where a third of seedlings were randomly planted on days 0, 40 and 80. Productivity and uniformity were determined quarterly from 12 to 72 months. In both treatments uniformity peaked at the time of canopy closure and was gradually reduced until the end of the rotation. However, since the beginning the heterogeneous treatment was less uniform than the uniform treatment for all sites, reaching an average difference of 119% for the PV50 at the end of rotation. Initial uniformity (12, 18 and 24 months) was highly correlated with final productivity (72 months) (R² >0,67; p 0,43; p<0,001), being the more productive stands the ones with higher uniformity. Results point to the importance of a silviculture management that provides homogeneous resource supply.
Paradoxes in the Management of Suicidality in Borderline Patients

The risk of completed suicide in DSM-III borderline patients (BPD) equals that of manic-depressive patients. But BPD patients are also notorious for making manipulative suicide threats and gestures--"false positives" that do not foretell of imminent danger of death. BPD patients will often engage in deceitful, paradoxical behavior, attempting to make a fool of the therapist (often seen transferentially as a disparaged parent on whom the patients seeks revenge) either by escalating to serious suicidality, if a threat is not adequately heeded, or by angry criticism, if the therapist insisted on hospitalizing (as though such intervention were quite unnecessary). To deal effectively with such paradoxical behavior, therapists need to develop ever better "risk-thermostats" (in effect, "street smarts") for parrying the patients' thrusts: when to go out of one's way to be helpful, when to put responsibility on these patients, when to hospitalize, etc. There are no convenient algorithms to simplify the task. The ultimate choice of intervention shares aspects with chaos theory and weather prediction, and is sensitively dependent on initial conditions and on the idiosyncrasies and peculiarities of each member of the therapist-patient dyad. A number of general guidelines are offered in the paper, along with several illustrative cases.
Effectiveness of Manual and Mechanical Techniques

To the Editor: First, I would like to congratulate Mr DeRosa and Mr Porterfield on their article entitled “A Physical Therapy Model for the Treatment of Low Back Pain” published in the April 1992 issue of Physical Therapy . I think the article discussed many excellent concepts that physical therapists should keep in mind when examining and treating patients who have low back pain. I would like to comment, however, on two of these concepts. The first concept I would like to comment on is Many manual and mechanical techniques may be effective as adjuncts to modalities that promote analgesia, but we believe that the natural course of the low back condition will probably not be altered. The phrase “natural course” is rather broad.… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/72/261?iss=4
Examination of copper electrowinning smoothing agents. Part III. Chloride interaction with HydroStar and Cyquest N-900

Chloride ions and their interactions with two organic smoothing additives — Cyquest® N-900 and HydroStar® 4208 — during copper electrodeposition were explored using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results revealed that chloride ions, up to a concentration of 40 mg/L, depolarized the copper deposition reaction. A combination of chloride ions and Cyquest N-900 inhibited the depolarization reaction during copper electrodeposition. It is proposed that the chloride ions acted as bridging ligands between copper and Cyquest N-900. Addition of HydroStar at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L depolarized the copper deposition reaction when no chloride ions were present. This behavior did not change with the addition of chloride ions at the concentrations tested, indicating that chloride ions and the polysaccharide do not interact.
Urethrovaginal Reconstruction Using a Perineal Artery Axial Flap

A 19-year-old woman was born with a cloacal malformation and a common urogenital sinus. We describe a method of urethral and vaginal reconstruction to correct these anomalous problems. A neourethra was constructed from tubularized anterior vaginal epithelium. A perineal artery based axial flap was used to cover the neourethra plus widen the vaginal orifice.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis by ZipCode-Tagged Microspheres

Publisher Summary Microsphere-based platforms offer a high level of multiplexing capability and provide an “open” system in which reactions can be modified easily by combining different sets of reagent-bearing microspheres. With the completion of a representative human genomic sequence, emphasis is increasingly shifting toward rapid, cost-effective, high-throughput analysis of individual sequence variation. Although a portion of this variation occurs as nucleotide insertions and deletions, substitutions in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common. Occasionally, a capture probe will consistently produce reaction products that display low signal strength or high backgrounds, resulting in poor signal-to-noise ratios. It is sometimes possible to correct this problem by redesigning the capture probe from the opposite genomic strand. Effective removal of unincorporated biotinylated dideoxynucleotides during the wash step can be critical to maximize signal-to-noise ratios. Microspheres can be photobleached by ambient laboratory light, causing them to lose their spectral identities. Because this is a cumulative process, long-term microsphere stocks, such as bulk carboxylated microspheres and oligonucleotide-coupled stocks, should be rigorously protected by wrapping in aluminum foil.
Optimizing invasive species management: A mixed-integer linear programming approach

Abstract Controlling invasive species is a highly complex problem. The intricacy of the problem stems from the nonlinearity that is inherent in biological systems, consequently impeding researchers to obtain timely and cost-efficient treatment strategies over a planning horizon. To cope with the complexity of the invasive species problem, we develop a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model that handles the problem as a full dynamic optimization model and solves it to optimality for the first time. We demonstrate the applicability of the model on a case study of sericea ( Lespedeza cuneata ) infestation by optimizing a spatially explicit model on a heterogeneous 10-by-10 grid landscape for a seven-year time period. We evaluate the solution quality of five different linearization methods that are used to obtain the MIP model. We also compare the model with its mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) equivalent and nonlinear programming (NLP) relaxation in terms of solution quality. The computational superiority and realism of the proposed MIP model demonstrate that our model has the potential to constitute the basis for future decision-support tools in invasive species management.
Treating the traumatic memories of patients with dissociative identity disorder.

Objective The author uses clinical experience informed by research findings to suggest approaches to the treatment of the traumatic memories of patients with dissociative identity disorder. Method Recent findings in the treatment of patients with this disorder and current considerations with regard to memories of childhood trauma are used to develop recommended approaches. Results Treatment of traumatic memories appears crucial in the recovery of patients with dissociative identity disorder, even though the reported memories may not be historically accurate. Criteria are available for determining whether a patient with the disorder is able to undertake such efforts, and methods such as fractionated abreaction have been developed to make the process less unsettling. Conclusions Despite the difficulties posed by the vulnerability of patients with dissociative identity disorder to decompensation when working with traumatic material and the vicissitudes of autobiographical memory, modern therapeutic approaches allow the processing of such patients' traumatic material in a manner that reduces the likelihood of disruptive events and the misuse of recovered material.
The Past Jumps Up: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey

Chapter 3 offers close analyses of the long radical lives of 1790s-era texts by Wordsworth, Southey, and Coleridge, showing how these texts were modified, reorganized, and excavated for political purposes through the first half of the nineteenth century. By the 1820s, all three authors were public conservatives, but the radical journals of the 1830s and 1840s ignored their contemporary politics, reprinting only their more radical early work and often treating them as lifelong radical poets. Editors carefully restructured these poets’ work, line by line, turning their poems inside out and upside down. The relation between poet and poem is especially relevant here, as radical papers created their own politicized versions of these poets by identifying them with carefully constructed versions of their early works.
Introducing Nightlight: A New FITS Viewer

Nightlight is a new desktop application designed to visualize astronomical data. A primary motivation for this program is to apply modern user interface design and advancements to the ubiquitous FITS file. In a more general sense, I wish to demonstrate the usefulness and desirability of employing modern, commercial frameworks for use with scientific code. A general description of the initial version of the program is presented here, as well as future development directions. Nightlight is available at http://nightlightapp.io.
David Oliver: Fighting pyjama paralysis in hospital wards.

The momentum of Nottingham University Hospitals’ social media campaign “End PJ Paralysis” has been growing,1 with clinical teams around the country joining in and reports appearing in the national media.2 Its starting premise is that we should get more hospital inpatients out of nightwear, out of bed, and into their day clothes to speed their recovery and help minimise harms from prolonged immobility. The perils of bed rest as treatment for hospital inpatients were recognised in the 1940s by Richard Asher, in his seminal essay The Dangers of Going to Bed ,3 and they were elegantly …
Modeling and Analysis of Grasping Dynamics for High Speed Transfer of Live Birds

Abstract This paper presents a dynamic analysis of an innovative live-bird transfer system (LBTS). The LBTS uses compliant fingers to grasp live birds on a moving conveyor for subsequent handling. As compared to fingers with multiple active joints, flexible fingers have many merits, such as lightweight and no relative moving parts. The flexibility to accommodate a limited range of varying sizes and shapes, and the natural reactions of some objects makes rubber fingers an attractive candidate for use as a grasper in a high-speed production setting. However, the advantages of flexible fingers are seldom exploited for grasping because of the complex analysis involved in the design. For this reason, we develop an analytical model to provide a rational basis for predicting contact forces, optimizing grasping system designs, and controlling the high-speed transfer system. It is expected that the analysis of the LBTS can be readily extended to other dynamic systems involving the use of flexible fingers.
The Method of Alternating Orthogonal Projections

The method of alternating orthogonal projections is discussed, and some of its many and diverse applications are described.
Pol I DNA polymerases stimulate DNA end-joining by Escherichia coli DNA ligase.

Abstract Klenow and Klentaq are the large fragment domains of the Pol I DNA polymerases from Escherichia coli and Thermus aquaticus, respectively. Herein, we show that both polymerases can significantly stimulate complementary intermolecular end-joining ligations by E.coli DNA ligase when the polymerases are present at concentrations lower than that of the DNA substrates. In contrast, high polymerase concentrations relative to the DNA substrates inhibit the intermolecular ligation activity of DNA ligase. Neither polymerase was able to stimulate the DNA ligase from T4 bacteriophage. Additionally, nick-closure by E. coli DNA ligase (but not T4 ligase) is slightly stimulated by both polymerases, but only at about 10% of the magnitude seen for end-joining enhancement. The data represent one of the first observations of direct polymerase-ligase interactions in prokaryotes, and suggest that the polymerases stabilize the associated DNA ends during intermolecular ligation, and that such a complex can be taken advantage of by some, but not all, DNA ligases.
Protonation Heterogeneity Modulates the Ultrafast Photocycle Initiation Dynamics of Phytochrome Cph1

Phytochrome proteins utilize ultrafast photoisomerization of a linear tetrapyrrole chromophore to detect the ratio of red to far-red light. Femtosecond photodynamics in the PAS-GAF-PHY photosensory core of the Cph1 phytochrome from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Cph1Δ) were resolved with a dual-excitation-wavelength-interleaved pump–probe (DEWI) approach with two excitation wavelengths (600 and 660 nm) at three pH values (6.5, 8.0, and 9.0). Observed spectral and kinetic heterogeneity in the excited-state dynamics were described with a self-consistent model comprised of three spectrally distinct populations with different protonation states (Pr-I, Pr-II, and Pr-III), each composed of multiple kinetically distinct subpopulations. Apparent partitioning among these populations is dictated by pH, temperature, and excitation wavelength. Our studies provide insight into photocycle initiation dynamics at physiological temperatures, implicate the low-pH/low-temperature Pr-I state as the photoactive state in vitro, an...
Multicriteria Simplex Method: A Fortran Routine

Multicriteria Simplex Method has been introduced in Linear Multiobjective Programming, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974. Many people have inquired about the efficiency of the FORTRAN routine published therein. Some complained that they have been unable to implement the program successfully. I think I owe it to the users: students, researchers and practitioners, as well as to Springer-Verlag Publishers, that I publish the new version of the Multicriteria Simplex Method FORTRAN Routine in the same series in which it originally appeared.
Micromechanics of High-Temperature Deformation in Particle-Reinforced Materials

A theoretical model is developed to calculate the local stress field in the ductile matrix during the initial elastic and the subsequent creep deformation of the composite. The method developed is based upon Eshelby's transformation process, MoriTanaka's mean-field approach, and Luo and Weng's solution of a three-phase spherically concentric solid. The result for the overall creep strain also serves as a measure of accuracy for the mean-field approach.
Production of Recombinant Proteins by Hairy Roots Cultured in Plastic Sleeve Bioreactors

Plant-based expression of recombinant proteins offers significant advantages over transgenic animal-and cell-based systems. Unlike bacteria, plants perform the complex protein-processing steps required to produce eukaryotic proteins in active form. In order to facilitate protein production and purification we used hairy root cultures as a secretion-based in vitro plant system. We utilized the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as our model protein and expressed it for secretion in tobacco hairy root cultures. For large scale production of GFP, we adapted the Life-Reactor trade mark plastic sleeve bioreactor for growth of hairy roots in cultures containing up to 5 L of medium. Yields higher than 800 micro g of GFP per liter of culture were obtained after 21 d of incubation, representing almost 20% of the total secreted protein. The use of the plastic sleeve bioreactor system for expression of proteins in hairy roots allows for continuous or inducible production and recovery, while maintaining absolute containment, of the recombinant product.
Impact of Sequential Ground Motion Pairing on Mainshock-Aftershock Structural Response and Collapse Performance Assessment

AbstractEarthquake engineers lack well-founded consensus guidelines for selecting ground motion time series for sequential mainshock-aftershock events for use in seismic performance assessment. Pas...
Impact of Pelvic Radiation Therapy on Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reoperation Rates.

Abstract Introduction Considering that radiation therapy (RT) compromises soft tissue microvasculature, impairs wound healing, and causes cavernosal fibrosis, inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) outcomes may be adversely affected in men treated with RT. Aim To compare IPP outcomes among those who had undergone prior RT vs a cohort who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) before insertion of IPP. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare Database was queried for men with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent RT (n = 83,277) or RP (n = 32,608) with subsequent IPP insertion between 2002 and 2013. Men who had undergone both RT and RP were excluded from the analysis. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcome was reoperation, defined by removal, revision, or replacement of the IPP. Results We identified 350 men who received an IPP following RT and 653 who received an IPP following RP. Men who underwent RT were older (P Clinical Implications Prior RT for the treatment of PCa does not impact the revision or removal rates of IPPs as compared with a cohort of non-radiated patients who underwent RP. Strength & Limitations The strength includes the analysis of outcomes among a contemporary, nationwide cohort with robust follow-up. Using diagnosis and procedure codes, we were thoroughly able to capture reoperations. Limitations include the lack of specific indications for reoperation and inability to control for surgeon experience or technique. Conclusion IPP is a safe and effective treatment of erectile dysfunction that should be offered to men with a history of pelvic radiation who have failed medical therapy. Golan R, Patel NA, Sun T, et al. Impact of pelvic radiation therapy on inflatable penile prosthesis reoperation rates. J Sex Med 2018;15:1653–1658.