Consolidative Use of Radiotherapy to Block (CURB) Oligoprogression ― Interim Analysis of the First Randomized Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Oligoprogressive Metastatic Cancers of the Lung and Breast

Purpose/Objective(s) We hypothesize that there is an oligoprogressive state in metastatic cancer, in which disease control can be improved with local therapy to progressive lesions only. This study therefore evaluated the impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to sites of oligoprogression in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer with 1-5 progressive lesions. Materials/Methods We enrolled patients with metastatic NSCLC or breast cancer who received ≥ 1 line of systemic therapy and had oligoprogressive lesions amenable to SBRT. There was no upper limit of non-progressive lesions. Oligoprogression was defined as Response Evaluation or Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors documented progression ≤ 5 individual lesions. Stratification factors included number of progressive sites (1 vs. 2-5), prior systemic therapy (immunotherapy vs. other), primary tumor (NSCLC vs. breast), and tumor marker status (driver mutation and hormone receptor status). Patients were randomized 1:1 between SBRT to all progressive sites plus palliative standard of care (SOC) vs. palliative SOC only. Systemic therapy was per physician's discretion. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). We used a randomized phase II design with a one-sided alpha of 0.05 and a power of 0.80, yielding a target accrual of 160 patients. PFS was compared using one-sided stratified log-rank test. One interim analysis was planned. Results From January 2019 to May 2021, 102 patients were randomized - 58 NSCLC (30 in the SBRT arm) and 44 breast (22 in each arm). Median age was 67. Most patients (75%) had > 1 site of oligoprogression and 47% had > 5 total metastatic lesions. Fifty-five (54%) patients received immunotherapy. The majority of NSCLC (86%) did not harbor an actionable driver mutation and 32% of breast cancer were triple negative. Baseline factors were balanced between arms. At a median follow-up of 51 weeks, 71 patients progressed and 30 died. Median PFS was 22 weeks in the SBRT arm vs. 10 weeks in the palliative SOC arm (p=0.005). This was driven entirely by the PFS benefit from SBRT in the NSCLC patients (44 weeks with SBRT vs. 9 weeks with SOC; p=0.004). No difference in median PFS was seen in the breast cohort (18 weeks with SBRT vs. 17 weeks with SOC; p=0.5). In multivariable Cox model inclusive of stratification factors, age, sex, lines of systemic therapy, and change of systemic therapy, the PFS benefit of SBRT remained substantial in the NSCLC cohort (Hazard Ratio: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-77; p=0.007). Grade ≥2 adverse events occurred in 8 patients in the SBRT arm, including 1 grade 3 pneumonitis. Conclusion Inthis pre-planned interim analysis of the first and largest randomized trial of radiotherapy for oligoprogressive metastatic NSCLC and breast cancer, we demonstrated the benefit of SBRT to sites of oligoprogression on overall PFS, meeting the primary endpoint. The mechanism of the differential benefits between NSCLC and breast cohorts merits further evaluation.