cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
8-bit integrated optical SNS ADC

Recently, a new technique has been described for extending the resolution of an integrated optical multi-interferometer analog-to-digital converter (ADC). These types of ADCs can directly digitise the signals from an antenna and play an important role in eliminating the need for intermediate frequency and baseband processing. With resolution greater than 12 bits, these types of architectures are useful for a variety of applications. The new technique is based on the incorporation of a symmetrical number system (SNS) encoding to provide high resolution (greater than 1-bit per interferometer) while also reducing the complexity of the optical hardware. In this paper we present recent developments on an 8-bit design using this approach. >
Ring canals in the ovarian follicles of Aedes aegypti

In the ovarian follicles of Aedes aegypti , the oocyte develops from 1 of 8 interconnected cystocytes. The cytoplasmic interconnections, the ring canals, have an electron dense rim in which are embedded an array of parallel filaments. The ring canal in presumptive follicle is generally devoid of organelles, while that in the more advanced secondary follicle encloses ribosomes, vesicles and mitochondria. Ring canals may furnish a means for the transfer of materials including ribosomes and mitochondria from nurse cells to the oocyte.
On Using Functional Genetics to Understand Breast Cancer Biology

Translating functional genomics screens into therapeutic interventions for treating breast cancer has presented challenges. Identifying synthetic lethal interactions in cancer cells using these screens may hold promise.
Actual and Reference Evaporative Losses and Surface Coefficients of a Maize Field during Nongrowing (Dormant) Periods

Effective water resources planning, allocation, management, and use in agroecosystems require accurate quantification of actual evapotranspiration ( ETc ) during growing and nongrowing (dormant) pe...
RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE IN METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE AND -RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

The fluoroquinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, have been suggested to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and colonization and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infections. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in MRSA and MSSA was prospectively evaluated. After 3 months of ciprofloxacin use, high-level resistance (MIC90, 64 micrograms/ml) developed in MRSA and increased at an alarming rate, from none to 79% over a 1-year period. High-level ciprofloxacin resistance also developed in MSSA, increasing to 13.6% over the same period. Antibiograms, phage typing, and plasmid profile analysis suggest that more than one clone of MRSA developed resistance and that ciprofloxacin resistance is not associated with the acquisition of a new plasmid. Most patients had nosocomial acquisition and about one-half had a history of previous ciprofloxacin use. Ciprofloxacin resistance can develop rapidly in S. aureus; thus, ciprofloxacin appears to have limited usefulness in treating staphylococcal infections and colonization, especially those due to MRSA.
Planar antipodal Vivaldi antenna array configuration for low cross-polarization and reduced mutual coupling performance

Investigations of various antipodal Vivaldi antenna array configurations have been carried out. Based on this study, it has been demonstrated that planar arrangement of the Vivaldi elements is preferred over stacked ones and are easier to fabricate as well. Additionally, planar Vivaldi array with mirrored elements placed alternately in E-plane has demonstrated improved cross-polarization as compared to conventional antipodal Vivaldi array configurations.
Organizational Social Capital and Nonprofits

Social capital has become a popular concept in nonprofit studies but, given confusion over its definition, it is not as widely used as it could be in organizational analysis. In addition, much of the social capital research in nonprofit studies focuses either on the role of nonprofits in fostering civic engagement or on the ways that nonprofits build social capital for individuals associated with the organization. This article has a different focus. It examines the role of organizational social capital in nonprofits.
The Excess-Profits Tax of 1940: A Critique

T HE Second Revenue Act of I940' is a grating compromise of conflicting theories of excess-profits taxation, the end-result of which pleases neither Congress, the Treasury, nor business.2 The ink was not yet dry on the enrolled bill when prominent administration spokesmen suggested that it, like the Revenue Act of I935, would never go into effect because a better tax law would shortly supersede it. There is every expectation that the present law will be substantially amended, possibly within a few months, but according to a recent statement of the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee these amend-
Brain stem mechanisms and the inhibition of angiotensin-induced drinking

The present studies examine the effect of lesions of the ventrolateral region of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (VLLPBN) and of the area postrema and medial region of the nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/mNTS) on water intake induced by intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin II (ANG II) and of the cholinergic receptor agonist, carbachol. Water intake was measured in rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of the VLLPBN or thermocautery ablation of the AP/mNTS after intracerebroventricular delivery of ANG II (50 and 100 ng/2 microliter), carbachol (100 and 250 ng/2 microliter), and isotonic saline (2 microliter). Rats with lesions of the VLLPBN drank significantly more water during a 30-min test period to both doses of ANG II, but not to carbachol, than did sham lesion rats. Similarly, AP/mNTS lesion rats drank significantly more than sham lesion animals in response to the high dose of ANG II but not to carbachol. These results suggest that the previously reported exaggerated drinking responses to systemically administered ANG II demonstrated by rats with either VLLPBN or AP/mNTS lesions is not the result of a direct peripheral action of the octapeptide. Furthermore, the similarity of the induced drinking responses produced by these two lesions suggests that the AP/mNTS and the VLLPBN may be linked in a common thirst-mediating pathway.
Bullet wounds of the trachea.

During the past 10 years, 18 patients with gunshot wounds of the trachea, 13 of the cervical and five of the intrathoracic trachea, were admitted to Grady Memorial Hospital. There were 16 male and two female subjects with ages ranging from 15 to 60 years. In addition to the tracheal injuries, four patients had injuries to major vessels and six patients had esophageal injury, four of the cervical and two of the intrathoracic esophagus. Three patients with esophageal injury had tracheoesophageal fistula. The diagnosis of tracheal injury was suspected because of the site of the wound and the clinical manifestations; hemoptysis, air escaping from the cutaneous wound, subcutaneous emphysema, and so on. This was confirmed by tracheoscopy in nine patients, by exploratory operation in eight patients, and when the bullet was expectorated in one patient. The treatment of the tracheal injury was dependent upon the magnitude of the tracheal wound and the presence of injury to adjacent organs. Seven patients underwent primary repair of the tracheal wound, two had primary repair with reinforcement of the suture line with tissue flap, three had repair of the tracheal wound and tracheostomy, one underwent construction of a tracheocutaneous stoma, two had temporary orotracheal intubation for 24 to 48 hours, and three patients were observed. Seventeen patients recovered from the injuries and one patient, with extensive tracheal and esophageal injury and extensive mediastinal infection, died of respiratory insufficiency. This study suggests that the management of bullet wounds of the trachea should be individualized according to the magnitude of the wound and the presence of other organ injury. Primary repair without concomitant tracheostomy can be accomplished with gratifying results in the majority of civilian victims.
‘School's Not for Anybody’: Migration as a Sponsor of Literacy in the USA—Mexico Context:

In the USA–Mexico context, migration is often considered to be a detrimental influence on young peoples' pursuit of education. When migration is considered to be a positive influence, focus rests on the ways that increased financial resources can create more access to formal education in the migrant's home community. Indeed, physical access to schools tends to be the focus of many initiatives to improve educational experiences in developing nations, or among groups of minority students within the USA. Beyond these considerations of economics and access however, the potentially positive social impacts of migration are rarely considered. Drawing on a year of field data in rural, migrant-sending Mexico and a receiving community in the USA, this article argues that migration actually facilitates, rather than jeopardizes, educational gains in both Mexico and the USA. In particular, social capital garnered through the migration experience and transferred in the form of social remittances, as opposed to purely f...
Abstract 1349: Genetic variants in DNA repair pathway genes are associated with the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Esophageal Cancer (EC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Over 90% of ECs are either esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) or adenocarcinomas (EAC). EAC is the fastest growing malignancy in the US in the past three decades. In this large case/control study, we aim to assess genetic susceptibility to EAC by investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair related pathways, including nuclear excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and double-strand-break repair (DSBR). The study population included 513 Caucasian EAC cases 1499 Caucasian controls. Genotyping was performed by candidate gene approach and obtained from genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 464 SNPs (254 SNPs in 26 NER genes, 173 SNPs in 22 BER genes and 37 SNPs in 26 DSBR genes) were included in the final analysis. Among the top significant SNPs, SNP rs10258834 in RPA3 from the NER pathway contributed to over 30% increased EAC risk (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.12-1.51, P=5.26x10 − 4 ), SNP rs3827392 in SMC1B from the DSBR pathway was associated with a 25% increased EAC risk (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.07-1.47, P=4.80x10 − 3 ); whereas rs3135998 in LIG3 from the BER pathway was associated with a decreased risk of EAC (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.59-0.90, P=3.87x10 − 3 ). Unfavorable genotype analysis was performed among those SNPs showing significant association (P Citation Format: Yan Wang, Jaffer A. Ajani, Yuanqing Ye, Maosheng Huang, Xifeng Wu. Genetic variants in DNA repair pathway genes are associated with the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1349
Association of Rice and Rice-Product Consumption With Arsenic Exposure Early in Life.

Importance Rice—a typical first food and major ingredient in various infant foods—contains inorganic arsenic (As), but the extent of As exposure from these foods has not been well characterized in early childhood. Objective To determine the types and frequency of rice and rice-containing products consumed by infants in the first year of life and the association with As biomarker concentrations. Design, Setting, and Participants Included were infants from singleton births of pregnant women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from 2011 to 2014 whose parents were interviewed during their first year of life. Enrolled women from selected clinics were aged 18 to 45 years, living in the same residence since their last menstrual period, in households served by a private water system, and had no plans to move during pregnancy. Data on infants’ intake of rice and rice products were collected from interviews with their parents at 4, 8, and 12 months’ follow-up and from a 3-day food diary at 12 months from March 2013 to August 2014. Exposures Infants’ intake of rice and rice products. Main Outcomes and Measures Total urinary As and the sum of As species measured using inductively coupled mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Commonly reported infant rice snacks were tested for As. Results We obtained dietary data on 759 of 951 infants (79.8% participation rate). Of these, 391 infants (51.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) gestational age was 39.4 (1.7) weeks. An estimated 80% were introduced to rice cereal during their first year. At 12 months, 32.6% of infants (42 of 129) were fed rice snacks. Among infants aged 12 months who did not eat fish or seafood, the geometric mean total urinary As concentrations were higher among those who ate infant rice cereal (9.53 µg/L) or rice snacks (4.97 µg/L) compared with those who did not eat rice or rice products (2.85 µg/L; all P Conclusions and Relevance Our findings indicate that intake of rice cereal and other rice-containing foods, such as rice snacks, contribute to infants’ As exposure and suggest that efforts should be made to reduce As exposure during this critical phase of development.
Analysis of epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and associated environmental risk factors in Liaoning province,China during 2005-2007

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) and associated environmental risk factors for HFRS and associated environmental risk factors for HFRS in Liaoning province, China during 2005-2007, and to provide a scientific basis for HFRS control measures.MethodsThe epidemic data of HFRS in Liaoning province were collected. Analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the epidemic features of HFRS and environmental factors such as mean temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine, urban rodent density, rural rodent density, and virus-carrying rate.ResultsThere were 7298 cases of HFRS in Liaoning province from 2005 to 2007, and 78 of them died. The mean annual incidence of HFRS was 5.78/100 000, and the mortality was 0.06/100 000; the incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females; 59.55% of the cases and 69.23% of fatal cases were aged 35-60 years; 61.98% of the cases and 56.41% of fatal cases were farmers. The peak of incidence appeared mainly in November to January and March to May, while the trough period was in July to October, showing the seasonal characteristics in mixed epidemic area; the mean annual incidence of HFRS was relatively high in the cities of Benxi(13.70/100 000), Huludao(12.92/100 000), Jinzhou(11.30/100 000), Dandong(10.21/ 100 000), and Fushun(9.84/100 000). The incidence of HFRS was negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with rainfall, rural rodent density, and virus-carrying rate; the Spearman rank correlation coefficients were-0.351, 0.400, 0.449, and 0.377, respectively, and the P values were 0.023, 0.009, 0.003, and 0.016, respectively.ConclusionIn Liaoning province, HFRS is prevalent mainly in winter and spring and among young male farmers. The prevalence of HFRS is closely related to temperature, rainfall, rural rodent density, and virus-carrying rate in the same year.
Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Dermatologie

Die konfokale Lasermikroskopie wird vor allem zur nicht invasiven Diagnostik von Pigmentlasionen eingesetzt, aber auch fur andere Tumoren, entzundliche und infektiose Hauterkrankungen. Zudem konnen mit der Methode ex vivo native Gewebeschnitte untersucht werden, wobei die zeitaufwendige Gewebepraparation entfallt.
Stains of the Past: Space, Memory, and Postdictatorship in Luis Fernando Veríssimo's A mancha

This article examines the relationship between space, memory, and the effects of Brazil's military dictatorship (1964–1985) presented in Luis Fernando Verissimo's 2004 short story, A mancha (‘The Stain’). Although simple in structure, the narrative touches upon complex themes in postdictatorship: engaging with past trauma and political differences that cut across family relationships, conflicting notions of betrayal, the urban processes associated with capitalism, and the commodification of memory itself. I argue that the ‘stain’ traced in A mancha goes beyond the normalised rhetoric of postdictatorial memory, as the narrative both maintains and traces marginalised subjectivities of postdictatorship through its engagement with material and discursive spatial production in Brazil.
Preparing Teachers to Use GIS: The Impact of a Hybrid Professional Development Program on Teachers’ Use of GIS

This article reports the findings of a 3-year study of a hybrid professional development program designed to prepare science and mathematics teachers to implement GIS in their classrooms. The study was conducted as part of the CoastLines Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers project funded by the National Science Foundation. Three cohorts of teachers participated in the program, with each participant receiving 40 h of synchronous online instruction and 80 h of in-person instruction and support over an 8-month period. Data from surveys of participants both before and after the program were analyzed using correlation, ordinary least squares, and ordered logit regression analyses. The analyses revealed increases in the self-reported frequency of GIS use and enhanced feelings of preparation, competence, community, and comfort with respect to using GIS for instruction. A composite index of all impact variables was positively influenced as well. The statistical analyses found a strong relationship between self-reported feelings of preparation and use of GIS. Some support was found for the idea that feelings of competence, community, and comfort were related to the teachers’ sense of preparation. The findings suggest that a robust hybrid model of teacher professional development can prepare teachers to use GIS in their classrooms. More research is needed to understand how hybrid models influence the sociopsychological and other dimensions that support teachers’ feelings of preparation to implement GIS.
Detection and Localization of Multiple Objects

Being able to identify and localize objects is an important requirement for various humanoid robot applications. In this paper we present a method which uses PCA-SIFT in combination with a clustered voting scheme to achieve detection and localization of multiple objects in real-time video data. Our approach provides robustness against constraints that are common for humanoid vision systems such as perspective changes, partial occlusion, and motion blurring. We analyze and evaluate the performance of our method in two concrete humanoid test-scenarios.
The Respiratory and Glycolytic Enzymes of Sea-Urchin Eggs

A number of workers have studied the carbohydrate metabolism of sea-urchin eggs and have expressed different opinions about the pathway of carbohydrate breakdown in these eggs. The choice has rested between the breakdown of hexose via the 'hexose monophosphate shunt' and a glycolytic mechanism like that in yeast and muscle, followed by oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Rothschild (1951) has summarized the evidence on this question. In listing the evidence in favour of the latter view, Rothschild included work reported in the author's Ph.D. thesis (Ycas, 1950). Some of these results are presented in this paper. The evidence for a normal glycolytic and respiratory system has since been greatly extended by Cleland & Rothschild (1952a, b).
Teaching the themes: PhUn Week student-led stations

Physiology Understanding (PhUn) Week is an outreach program that encourages connections between scientists and their local schools. Students (n=25) enrolled in an undergraduate Human Physiology cou...
Bispecific antibody does not induce T-cell death mediated by chimeric antigen receptor against disialoganglioside GD2

ABSTRACTChimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and bispecific antibodies (BsAb) are two powerful immunotherapy approaches for retargeting lymphocytes toward cancer cells. Despite their success in lymphob...
Chlorogenic acid induced colored reactions and their effect on carbonyls, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity in sunflower butter cookies

Abstract The high chlorogenic acid (CGA) content of sunflower seeds causes a greening reaction in sunflower butter baked products which can deter application of sunflower butter as an allergen-free alternative to other plant and dairy based butters. This study focused on how greening intensity of sunflower butter cookies made with different sweeteners (maple, agave, corn syrups, honey and xylitol) affected greening, protein oxidation products, Folin and ABTS•+ radical scavenging ability. Cookies made with maple syrup and xylitol had higher pH and resulted in more greening. The dough made with agave syrup had highest total carbonyls caused by its highest reducing sugar content resulting in more Maillard reaction during dough preparation, while after baking cookies with highest greening (maple syrup) and highest reducing sugar (agave syrup) had higher carbonyls than other sweetener treatments. Cookies made with maple syrup and xylitol also had lower folin-ciocalteau reagent reducing capacity and tryptophan fluorescence. The greening reaction did not affect Schiff bases from oxidation and antioxidant capacity in cookies made with different sweeteners. Higher pH sweeteners thus enhanced greening intensity, tryptophan loss and lowered the total phenolic content after baking and storage, but did not influence the ABTS•+ capacity of sunflower butter cookies.
Role of Proton Diffusion in the Nonexponential Kinetics of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from Photoreduced ZnO Nanocrystals

Experiments have suggested that photoreduced ZnO nanocrystals transfer an electron and a proton to organic radicals through a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. The kinetics of this process was studied by monitoring the decay of the absorbance that reflects the concentration of electrons in the conduction bands of the nanocrystals. Interestingly, this absorbance exhibited nonexponential decay kinetics that could not be explained by heterogeneities of the nanoparticles or electron content. To determine if proton diffusion from inside the nanocrystal to reactive sites on the surface could lead to such nonexponential kinetics, herein this process is modeled using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations provide the survival probability of a proton hopping among bulk, subsurface, and surface sites within the nanocrystal until it reaches a reactive surface site where it transfers to an organic radical. Using activation barriers predominantly obtained from periodic density fu...
Lesion Bypass and the Reactivation of Stalled Replication Forks

Accurate transmission of the genetic information requires complete duplication of the chromosomal DNA each cell division cycle. However, the idea that replication forks would form at origins of DNA replication and proceed without impairment to copy the chromosomes has proven naive. It is now clear that replication forks stall frequently as a result of encounters between the replication machinery and template damage, slow-moving or paused transcription complexes, unrelieved positive superhelical tension, covalent protein-DNA complexes, and as a result of cellular stress responses. These stalled forks are a major source of genome instability. The cell has developed many strategies for ensuring that these obstructions to DNA replication do not result in loss of genetic information, including DNA damage tolerance mechanisms such as lesion skipping, whereby the replisome jumps the lesion and continues downstream; template switching both behind template damage and at the stalled fork; and the error-prone pathway of translesion synthesis.
Synchrotron Radiation Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Making use of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a source of photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has number of advantages compared to using ordinary laboratory light sources like laser, UV discharge lamps, and X-ray tubes. The light sources of most PES stations in modern synchrotron facilities are undulators followed by monochromators, both of which are designed for required photon energy ranges.
Demographic, Presentation and Treatment Factors and Racial Disparities in Ovarian Cancer Hospitalization Outcomes

This study examines whether racial disparities in hospitalization outcomes persist between African–American and White women with ovarian cancer after matching on demographic, presentation, and treatment factors. Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 5,164 African–American ovarian cancer patients were sequentially matched with White patients on demographic (e.g., age, income), presentation (e.g., stage, comorbidities), and treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation) factors. Racial differences in-hospital length of stay, post-operative complications, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models. White ovarian cancer patients had relatively higher odds of post-operative complications when matched on demographics (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05, 1.74), and presentation (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00, 1.65) but not when additionally matched on treatment (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.78, 1.35). African–American patients had longer in-hospital length of stay (6.96 ± 7.21 days) compared with White patients when matched on demographics (6.37 ± 7.07 days), presentation (6.48 ± 7.16 days), and treatment (6.53 ± 7.59 days). Compared with African–American patients, White patients experienced lower odds of in-hospital mortality when matched on demographics (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66, 0.92), but this disparity was no longer significant when additionally matched on presentation (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75, 1.04) and treatment (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.81, 1.12). Racial disparities in ovarian cancer hospitalization outcomes persisted after adjusting for demographic and presentation factors; however these differences were eliminated after additionally accounting for treatment factors. More studies are needed to determine the factors driving racial differences in ovarian cancer treatment in otherwise similar patient populations.
Investigation of the Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Vented Li-Ion Electrolyte

The future fleet of the U.S. Navy vessels may be deployed with a number of high-power electrical loads that operate transiently. The transient nature of the loads will impart high stress on the traditional shipboard power system, possibly pushing it outside of the acceptable power quality standards. To restore power quality and increase system reliability, it is being proposed that electrochemical energy storage systems can be utilized to augment the existing generation systems. Lithium-ion batteries are of extreme interest due to their high combined power and energy density. The proposed energy storage systems will store a great deal of energy and could be designed with open-circuit potentials as high as 1 kV. Since size and weight aboard the vessel are limited, the batteries need to be designed as compact as possible. In the event of a battery failure, in which one or more cells are compromised, organic electrolyte may be vented within the air dielectric separating points of higher and lower potentials. How the vented electrolyte impacts the dielectric strength of the surrounding environment is of concern, especially given the battery’s high operational voltage, its compact construction, and the high energy it stores. The study documented here is aimed at studying the dielectric strength of the vented electrolyte from a lithium–iron–phosphate battery when exposed to potentials representative of a future shipboard energy storage system.
A Behavioral Analysis of Shanghai Real Estate Prices

In a field study, we identified an intriguing inconsistency between real estate developers' desired sales pattern (selling all apartments at the same rate) and the actual sales pattern (selling good apartments faster). We explained this inconsistency with Tversky, Sattath and Slovic (1988)'s prominence principle, according to which buyers, who were in a choice mode, weighed the desirability of floors more heavily than developers, who were in a matching mode when setting prices. We corroborated our explanation with controlled experiments using potential Shanghai homebuyers and actual Shanghai real estate developers as participants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to relate the prominence principle to a real-world issue in one of the world's most active markets.
Spatial and temporal variation in the isotopic composition of mercury in the South River, VA

Abstract Historic point source mercury (Hg) inputs from industrial processes on the South River (Waynesboro, Virginia) ended many decades ago, but sediment and surface water Hg concentrations remain elevated relative to the regional background. To understand Hg sources, mobility, and fate in the South River, we analyzed total Hg concentrations and Hg stable isotope compositions of streambed sediments, bank soils, suspended particles, filtered surface waters, and channel margin hyporheic zone pore waters. Hg isotopes allow for the identification of three distinct Hg end-member inputs to the South River, consisting of a regional background source and two isotopically distinct contaminant sources. Hydrologic conditions are demonstrated to have an influence on within-channel Hg isotope fractionation and Hg partitioning, with no observed isotopic discrimination between suspended particulate Hg and filtered surface water Hg during elevated flow conditions. Channel margin hyporheic zone porewaters had significantly higher δ202Hg values than surface waters (δ202Hg = −0.52 ± 0.44‰ and δ202Hg = −0.89 ± 0.20‰ respectively [mean ± 1SD]). A subset of porewaters exhibited mass independent fractionation signatures (Δ199Hg = 0.33 ± 0.06‰; Δ200Hg = 0.19 ± 0.03‰ [mean ± 1SD]) that are suggestive of a precipitation-derived origin for the dissolved Hg pool. Sediments from a floodplain profile were analyzed to explore the temporal variation in Hg isotopic composition within the South River, indicating brief excursions (up to δ202Hg = +0.61‰) from the average composition observed in modern samples (δ202Hg = −0.52 ± 0.09‰). By improving understanding of the spatial, temporal, and hydrologic conditions that contribute to variations in Hg isotopic composition, this study provides insights into the processes that control Hg isotopic end-member sources, Hg-loading to the channel during elevated flows, and Hg fate in the South River.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Multiple Primary Lung Cancers.

Abstract Background Patients with multiple primary lung cancers increasingly receive multiple courses of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of such treatments. Patients and Methods We reviewed a prospective lung SBRT database of patients treated for stage I non–small-cell lung cancer between June 2004 and December 2015. Results A total of 374 patients received a single course of SBRT, 14 received synchronous SBRT, 48 received metachronous SBRT alone, and 108 received surgery and metachronous SBRT. Median follow-up was 37.0 months for survivors. Patients who received a single course had a 3-year overall survival (OS) of 54.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.8-59.3), 3-year freedom from progression (FFP) of 67.3% (95% CI, 60.9-72.9), and grade 3 or higher toxicity of 3.5%. Compared to single-course patients, patients receiving metachronous SBRT alone and patients receiving surgery and metachronous SBRT had improved OS (79.7% [95% CI, 64.4-88.9%], P Conclusion Patients who received either synchronous or metachronous SBRT had no significant detriment in OS or toxicity compared to single-course patients. This supports the use of SBRT in patients with multiple primary lung cancers.
Differences in Rural and Urban Health Information Access and Use.

Purpose Rural residents may have lower access to and use of certain health information sources relative to urban residents. We investigated differences in information source access and use between rural and urban US adults and whether having low health literacy might exacerbate rural disparities in access to and use of health information. Methods Six hundred participants (50% rural) completed an online survey about access and use of 25 health information sources. We used logistic regression models to test associations between rurality and access to and use of health information sources and whether rurality interacted with health literacy to predict the access and use. Findings Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower access to health information from sources including primary care providers, specialist doctors, blogs, and magazines, and less use of search engines. After accounting for sociodemographics, rural residents only had lower access to specialist doctors than urban residents. Rural residents with limited health literacy had lower access to mass media and scientific literature but higher use of corporations/companies than rural residents with adequate health literacy and urban residents regardless of health literacy level. Conclusions Some differences in access to and use of health information sources may be accounted for by sociodemographic differences between rural and urban populations. There may be structural barriers such as shortage of specialist doctors and limited media exposure that make it harder for rural residents to access health information, especially those with limited health literacy.
Clinical Care Redesign to Improve Value in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Before-and-After Implementation Study.

Purpose Carpal tunnel surgery is one of the most common procedures completed on the upper limb in the United States. There is currently no evidence-based high-value clinical care pathway to inform the management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We created an evidence-based care pathway and implemented a quality improvement initiative to evaluate its effect on patient time, quality, and cost in a tertiary care ambulatory surgery center. Methods We developed a high-value clinical care pathway for CTS and implemented the intraoperative phase of the pathway. This included (1) implementing an evidence-based protocol for wide-awake local anesthesia, (2) removing non–value-added processes of care, and (3) implementing educational sessions with surgery staff regarding the initiative. We prospectively collected data on patient time, visual analog scale pain scores (quality), and percent change in total direct costs of the intraoperative phase of care (cost). Results A total of 50 patients were included in this implementation study: 30 prior to implementation of the intervention and 20 after. There was a significant decrease in average patient wheels in to surgery time, postanesthesia care unit to discharge time, and total patient time (lead time). There was no difference in preoperative or postoperative pain before and after the intervention. There was a 31% reduction in total direct costs. Conclusions Implementing the intraoperative phase of this clinical care pathway with wide-awake surgery can reduce patient lead time, maintain quality, and reduce total direct costs in an ambulatory surgery center. Clinical relevance Quality improvement interventions, such as the implementation of an evidence-based clinical care pathway for the treatment for CTS, may improve value to health systems.
Understanding Career Changes: Physical Educators to Adapted Physical Educators

The purpose of this study was to understand career changes of in-service teachers transitioning to the adapted physical education (APE) profession after completing online APE professional development graduate courses. This study was based on intentional change theory (Boyatzis, 2006). Participants were five in-service teachers who decided to change their careers from physical education to APE in their school districts. Data collection consisted of a career reasoning questionnaire, semistructured interviews, and e-mail communication. A constant comparative method (Boeije, 2010) was used in the interpretation of the data, which allowed themes to emerge. Three interrelated themes emerged from the in-service teachers’ narratives: factors and influences of APE career choices, administrative and transition planning duties, and career motivations and expectations. The participants demonstrated strong leadership that built on opportunities for innovation and renewal through provision of APE professional culture. Through the online professional development courses, the teachers gained lifelong learning opportunities and increased satisfaction, motivation, and expectations for APE. Subscribe to TPE
Beyond word2vec: Distance-graph Tensor Factorization for Word and Document Embeddings

The \em word2vec methodology such as Skip-gram and CBOW has seen significant interest in recent years because of its ability to model semantic notions of word similarity and distances in sentences. A related methodology, referred to as \em doc2vec is also able to embed sentences and paragraphs. These methodologies, however, lead to different embeddings that cannot be related to one another. In this paper, we present a tensor factorization methodology, which simultaneously embeds words and sentences into latent representations in one shot. Furthermore, these latent representations are concretely related to one another via tensor factorization. Whereas \em word2vec and \em doc2vec are dependent on the use of contextual windows in order to create the projections, our approach treats each document as a structural graph on words. Therefore, all the documents in the corpus are jointly factorized in order to simultaneously create an embedding for the individual documents and the words. Since the graphical representation of a document is much richer than a contextual window, the approach is capable of designing more powerful representations than those using the \em word2vec family of methods. We use a carefully designed negative sampling methodology to provide an efficient implementation of the approach. We relate the approach to factorization machines, which provides an efficient alternative for its implementation. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of the approach for document classification, information retrieval and visualization.
Effects of spatial variability on the exposure of fish to hypoxia: a modeling analysis for the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract. The hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico varies spatially (area, location) and temporally (onset, duration) on multiple scales. Exposure to hypoxic dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (
The impact of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases were searched to screen studies published before May 2020. The included studies had to have two groups: smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS) with periodontitis. The outcomes evaluated were differences between groups in probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Meta-regressions were conducted to evaluate correlations between outcomes and other contributing factors. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included. The post-treatment PD reduction in the S group was smaller than in the NS group (weighted mean difference in PD reduction: -0.33 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): [-0.49, -0.17], p < .01). The CAL gain in the S group was also smaller than in the NS group (weighted mean difference in CAL gain: -0.20 mm, CI: [-0.39, -0.02], p < .01). Additionally, baseline PD significantly affected the difference in PD reduction between two groups. CONCLUSIONS Smoking negatively impacts clinical responses to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Smokers with periodontitis have significantly less PD reduction and CAL gain than non-smokers.
High-Strength Suture Tape Augmentation Improves Cyclic Gap Formation in Transosseous Patellar Tendon Repair: A Biomechanical Study.

Purpose To compare gap displacement at various intervals of cyclic testing and biomechanical load to failure of a Krackow patellar tendon repair augmented with high-strength suture tape versus the standard Krackow transosseous technique for inferior pole patellar tendon rupture. Methods Twelve matched pairs of cadaveric knees were used (8 males and 4 females; mean age 79.6 years, range 57 to 96). An inferior pole patellar tendon rupture was simulated after random assignment of specimens in each pair to the standard or augmented Krackow technique. Each specimen was then repetitively cycled from 90° to 5° for 1,000 cycles. A differential variable reluctance transducer was used to measure gap displacement. After cyclic loading, load to failure was determined by pulling the tendon at a rate of 15 mm/s until a sudden decrease in load occurred. Results Compared with the control repair, specimens with augmented repair demonstrated significantly less displacement at all testing intervals up to 1,000 cycles (P < .05). Two patellar tendons failed before the end of cyclic loading, and 4 specimens had inadequate tendon length for loading. Among the 18 remaining specimens, no significant difference in load to failure was observed between the experimental group (n = 11) and the control group (n = 7) (1,006.5 ± 332.1 versus 932.8 ± 229.1 N, respectively; P = .567). Conclusions Significantly greater gap displacement was observed in the standard Krackow repair group compared with the augmented Krackow group at all cyclic loading intervals. This suggests that the Krackow transosseous procedure augmented with high-strength suture tape is biomechanically viable for inferior pole patellar tendon repair. Clinical Relevance This biomechanical study supports the use of high-strength suture tape augmentation of Krackow transosseous repair for inferior pole patellar tendon rupture.
Conclusion: ‘Physical Culture Is Nation’s Need’

Beginning with an evaluation of physical culture’s place in modern Ireland, the Conclusion reiterates the work’s main findings. Specifically, it argues that at the core of the Irish interest in physical culture was a simple premise, one that was simultaneously attractive and improbable; a physically fit body was a vehicle for broader social or political good. Having discussed the monograph’s importance for Irish histories, the Conclusion ends with a rumination concerning future lines of enquiry in this field.
Medication-assisted treatment and self-help group participation among military veterans with opioid or alcohol use disorder.

Introduction Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is a combination of behavioural therapy and medications to assist with recovery and has been administered to individuals with alcohol and opioid withdrawal symptoms. Military veterans seeking MAT could have barriers preventing them from receiving the care they desire. The present study sought to compare outcomes in individuals who received MAT or those who participated in self-help groups for opioid or alcohol use disorder. In addition, the present study sought to compare outcomes between veterans and non-military-connected individuals. Methods We used the 2015–2017 United States Treatment Episode Data Set Discharges data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The data set included 138 594 unique discharges. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine differences in substance use outcomes for veterans/non-veterans in MAT and a self-help group. Results Fewer veterans (2.58%) than non-veterans (4.28%) reported usage of MAT. Fewer veterans (38.94%) than non-veterans (40.17%) reported signing up for a self-help group. Finally, those who participated in MAT and a self-help group had a better outcome (66.64%)—defined as no substance use at discharge—than those who only received MAT (43.02%) and those who did not participate in MAT or self-help groups (34.84%). Conclusions Recommendations for future research on MAT and implementation for the veteran population would benefit the literature base.
The Quality and Content of Internet-Based Information on Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Requires Improvement: A Systematic Review.

Purpose To evaluate the quality and content of internet-based information available for some of the most common orthopaedic sports medicine terms. Methods A search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines was performed. All English-language literature published from 2010 to 2020 discussing information quality pertaining to orthopaedic sports medicine terms was included. Outcomes included the search engines used, number and type of websites evaluated, platform, and quality scoring metrics. Descriptive statistics are presented. Results This review includes 21 studies. Of these, 3 evaluated both the upper and lower extremity. Twelve focused on either the upper or lower extremity, most commonly rotator cuff tears (3 of 12) and/or anterior cruciate ligament pathologies (7 of 12). The most common engines were Google (18 of 21), Bing (16 of 21), Yahoo (16 of 21), YouTube (3 of 21), Ask (3 of 21), and AOL (2 of 21). The average number of media files assessed per study was 87 ± 55. Website quality was assessed with DISCERN (7 of 21), Flesch-Kincaid (9 of 21), Health on the Net (7 of 21), and/or Journal of the American Medical Association Benchmark (7 of 21) scores. YouTube was evaluated with Journal of the American Medical Association Benchmark scores (1.74 ± 1.00). Image quality was reported in 2 studies and varied with search terminology. Conclusions The results of this systematic review suggest that physicians should improve the quality of online information and encourage patients to access credible sources when conducting their own research. Clinical Relevance Doctors can and should play an active role in closing the gap between the level of health literacy of their patients and that of most common online resources.
Making Thematic Analysis Systematic: The Seven Deadly Sins

Thematic analysis is a methodology with wide use in content analysis and field work through interviews, observations, and focus groups. Despite popularity with researchers, there are several questions and problems with the methodology. There was an absence in exploration and explanation of the methods and hidden steps in thematic analysis. Using a case study with a thematic analysis of the methods of thematic analysis and an autoethnography, issues and concerns were examined across a broad sample of articles published using thematic analysis. Seven major problems permeate thematic analysis research, and recommendations to improve thematic analysis and all qualitative research are presented.
Transient ipsilateral mydriasis following carotid artery stenting.

One of the most feared and devastating complications of carotid revascularization procedures is hyperperfusion hemorrhage. The acute onset of an ipsilateral mydriatic pupil following carotid endart...