cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biology, distribution and control of Monarthropalpus buxi (Laboulbène) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)

In Prague, Czechoslovakia, the emergence period of Monarthropalpus buxi begins in early May and lasts until about the first of June. Emergence normally occurs between 04.00 and 08.00 h with the majority of individuals appearing before 06.00 h. The most important factor influencing emergence activity appears to be light level. M. buxi most commonly attacks Buxus sempervirens but other species of Buxus are also susceptible. At least one variety, B. sempervirens cv. bullata appears to escape attack as a result of slight differences in timing of development. The distribution of M. buxi is now known to include 18 countries in Europe, and North America. Three insecticides with systemic action were tested for control of the larval stage of M. buxi. Results indicate that actellic will give acceptable control when applied during early stages of gall formation. Later application with this material, or two other insecticides, did not give acceptable control. Zusammenfassung Zur Biologie, Verbreitung und Bekampfung der Buchsbaumgallmucke, Monarthropalpus buxi Laboulb. (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) In Prag, CSSR, beginnt die Schlupfperiode von M. buxi Anfang Mai und dauert bis Anfang Juni. Das Schlupfen findet normalerweise zwischen 4.00 und 8.00 Uhr mit einem Maximum gegen 6.00 Uhr statt. Der fur die Schlupfaktivitat wichtigste Faktor scheint die Lichtstarke zu sein. M. buxi befallt gewohnlich Buxi sempervirens, doch sind auch andere Buxus-Arten fur sie anfallig. Mindestens eine Varietat, B. sempervirens cv. bullata scheint auf Grund von Differenzen in der Entwicklungszeit frei von Gallmuckenbefall zu sein. Die Verbreitung von M. buxi erstreckt sich nach bisheriger Kenntnis auf 18 Lander Europas und Nordamerikas. Drei Insektizide mit systemischer Wirkung wurden zur Bekampfung der Larvenstadien von M. buxi getestet. Die Ergebnisse ergaben, das Actellic eine befriedigende Verminderung ermoglicht, wenn es wahrend der ersten Stadien der Gallmuckenentwicklung ausgebracht wird. Eine spatere Anwendung mit diesem Wirkstoff oder auch mit anderen Insektiziden ergab unbefriedigende Ergebnisse.
Targeting neutrophils in ischemic stroke: translational insights from experimental studies

Neutrophils have key roles in ischemic brain injury, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. As such, neutrophils are of great interest as targets to treat and prevent ischemic stroke. After stroke, neutrophils respond rapidly promoting blood–brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, and brain injury. A surge of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species, proteases, and cytokines are released as neutrophils interact with cerebral endothelium. Neutrophils also are linked to the major processes that cause ischemic stroke, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Thrombosis is promoted through interactions with platelets, clotting factors, and release of prothrombotic molecules. In atherosclerosis, neutrophils promote plaque formation and rupture by generating oxidized-low density lipoprotein, enhancing monocyte infiltration, and degrading the fibrous cap. In experimental studies targeting neutrophils can improve stroke. However, early human studies have been met with challenges, and suggest that selective targeting of neutrophils may be required. Several properties of neutrophil are beneficial and thus may important to preserve in patients with stroke including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective functions.
Tax issues for online retailers and consumers

This paper deals with tax issues that concern the online retailers and consumers. It points out three basic problems: internet access, taxable base, and sales tax collecting duties. Internet access fee is not taxable, while telecommunication is. However, they are quite often bundled together. This paper illustrates the necessity to separate them. Online products are taxable only to the extent of tangible personal properties. Today’s digitised products confuse the aspect of tangible products. Only the output is taxable, but not the input. A great many of software is used as an input; nevertheless, it is disguised as an output. This paper identifies what is taxable and what is not taxable. An out-of-state online retailer is required to collect sales tax from an in-state buyer only when there is nexus between the seller and the state. However, the concept of nexus is so controversial that it has resulted in at least 11 lawsuits in courts. This paper analyses them all. It further points out that the concept of nexus has been evolving from physical presence to economic nexus. This paper also offers some tax planning strategies for online retailers and consumers.
Nitrogen fixation in lake Mendota, 1971–1973

The contribution of nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen budget of Lake Mendota has been calculated. On average, the equivalent of 1.28 × 105 kg of NH3 (as determined by the acetylene reduction technique) was added to this eutrophic lake during June, July and August. Diurnal variation (approximately two-thirds of the day's fixation occurs prior to noon) in algal nitrogen fixation, and variation of fixation with depth (3.6% of the fixation in the column occurs in the top decimeter) were characterized as prerequisites to this calculation.
Psychiatric Problems of the 1970's

This paper describes some of the social trends of the 1970's that may be affecting patterns of psychiatric needs and presents data showing their impact. It suggests possible psychiatric and sociopo...
The medial prefrontal cortex is both necessary and sufficient for the acquisition of conditioned defeat

We have previously demonstrated that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key component of a neural circuit mediating memory formation for emotionally relevant stimuli in an ethologically-based model of conditioned fear, termed conditioned defeat (CD). In this model, subjects are socially defeated by a larger, more aggressive hamster. Upon subsequent exposure to a smaller, non-aggressive intruder, the defeated animal will show high levels of submissive behaviors and fail to defend its territory. Here we examined whether the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an area with extensive connections with the amygdala, is also a component of this circuit. Temporary inactivation of the mPFC using muscimol, a GABA(A) receptor agonist, significantly enhanced the acquisition but not expression of CD, while blockade of GABA(A) receptors in the mPFC using bicuculline, a GABA(A) antagonist, impaired acquisition of CD. Given these findings, we next sought to test whether plasticity related to the defeat experience occurs in the mPFC. We infused anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, in the mPFC but this treatment did not alter the acquisition of CD. In our final experiment, we demonstrated that bicuculline failed to alter the acquisition of CD. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that while the mPFC is both necessary and sufficient for the acquisition of CD, it does not appear to mediate plasticity related to the defeat experience. In contrast, while plasticity underlying CD does appear to occur in the BLA, GABAergic receptor inhibition in the BLA is not sufficient to enhance CD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
SHORT‐LATENCY SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIALS TO MEDIAN AND PERONEAL NERVE STIMULATION: STUDIES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGIC DISEASE*

SSEPs to median nerve stimulation which arise in the brachial plexus, subcortical and cortical structures can be recorded from the scalp. Abnormalities of these potentials have been found in patients with demyelinating disease and focal or diffuse disease of the nervous system. SSEPs to peroneal nerve stimulation which arise in rostral spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral structures have also been recorded from the scalp. These methods can be expected to provide useful information in patients with certain neurological disorders.
Protein synthesis in green beans under salt stress conditions

Abstract Salinity is a major agricultural problem in arid and semi‐arid regions, resulting in retarded plant growth and reduced crop yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaCl stress on nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis in three varieties of green beans, and to select the most salt tolerant and suitable cultivar among the three for cultural practices. To achieve this goal, protein synthesis and protein‐15N content of three green bean cultivars (Phasedus vulgaris L., cv. ‘Tender Improved’, ‘Slim Green’, and ‘Kentucky Wonder') were compared. This comparison was done by using 15N under three different NaCl salinity levels (Control = 0.3, 2.5, and 5.0 bars osmotic pressures), in Hoagland nutrient solution, in a growth chamber. The 7‐day‐old bean seedlings were grown for 7 additional days in complete Hoagland solution before and 7 days after the completion of salinization with NaCl. This was followed by a 15‐day 15N uptake period after 1SNH4 15NO3 addition to the culture solut...
Detection of Channel Catfish Virus in Adult Channel Catfish by Use of a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract Optimal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions were determined with nested primers targeted to the DNA polymerase gene of channel catfish virus (CCV). Serial dilutions of CCV DNA in the presence or absence of DNA of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were used as templates throughout the optimization procedure. The final PCR product was detected by visualization in acrylamide gels stained with ethidium bromide. Fewer than 10 copies of CCV DNA (about 1 fg) could be detected in the presence of 108 times as much channel catfish DNA. The optimized two-step PCR assay allowed detection of latent CCV in blood samples from healthy broodfish. Our results make possible the development of a routine testing procedure for catfish broodstock so that CCV can be eliminated in young catfish.
Vegetation of the Tehachapi Mountains, California

The Tehachapi Mountains connect the southern end of the Sierra Nevadas with the Coast Ranges of California, extending a distance of about 50 miles and located over ioo miles inland from the Pacific Ocean (Fig. I). They constitute the only mountainous connection in California betweene the Sierras and the Coast Range except in the northern extremity of the state in the vicinity of the Siskiyou Mountains. Thus the Tehachapis are a path of plant migration between the two larger chains of mountains, migration of mountain species being impossible elsewhere because of the low, arid Great Valley barrier. The extent of previous consideration of this region appears to have been limited to some incidental collecting by a few botanists.
Biochemical responses in lungs of ozone-tolerant rats.

THE health hazard of ozone, the principal oxidant air pollutant of photochemical smog, has been well documented1–3. One of the notable features of ozone toxioity is the development of tolerance. When animals are exposed to a single sublethal dose of ozone they become resistant to subsequent lethal exposure. This tolerance phenomenon has been demonstrated in several species, and the effect has been shown to persist for well over one month3–6. One of its toxic effects has been attributed to its oxidative nature, and, more specifically, the initiation of lipid peroxidation7–9. Glutathione peroxidase (GP), which uses the reducing equivalent of reduced glutathione (GSH) to catalyse the decomposition of toxic hydroperoxides, and metabolically related enzymes glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), have been suggested as a key mechanism for protection of cellular components from deleterious effects of hydroperoxides10,11. The activities of these enzymes have been found to increase in the lungs of rats exposed to chronic levels of ozone9, and in tissues of rats subjected to other oxidative stress12,13. Thus changes in the activities of these enzymes seem to be related in some way to the defence mechanism against peroxidative damage. In this study, rats tolerant to ozone maintained higher activities of GP, GR and G6PD, and higher levels of GSH in the lungs following excessive exposure. The adaptive response of this potentially protective enzymic system in the lungs of ozone-tolerant rats may therefore be partly responsible for their resistance against lethal exposure.
Intercostal muscle and myo-osseous flaps in difficult pediatric thoracic problems

Intercostal muscle pedicle flaps have been successfully utilized in the treatment of recurrent trachoesophageal fistulae and esophageal perforations in the pediatric age group. An intercostal myo-osseous pedicle flap was also created to repair a distal congenital tracheal stenosis at the carina. The viable intercostal flap has the advantage of multiplicity of uses and of considerable mobility. The presence of a blood supply assures healing. The option of retaining periosteum on the flap encourages bone regeneration at the site of tracheal or bronchial repair. The pleura of the flap provides an epithelial surface for intratracheal repair. The rib graft prevents stricture at the site of tracheal repair.
Chemotactic behavior of myoblasts

Earlier studies have suggested that myogenic cells of somite origin migrate into the developing limb, but little is known about the factors affecting the pattern of migration. In order to understand the migratory behavior of myogenic cells, embryonic skeletal muscle cells were tested for their ability to migrate chemotactically using a modified Boyden chamber assay system. It is shown here, for the first time, that embryonic skeletal muscle cells have the capacity to migrate toward a gradient of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-like factors present in serum and chick embryo extract (CEE). On the other hand, nonmyogenic limb mesenchyme cells do not exhibit such a response. A hypothesis is proposed here that chemotactic factors from the already patterned vasculature might influence the distribution of skeletal muscle cells during early limb development.
Gauge theories with minimal subtraction and the decoupling theorem

We show explicitly, to the two-loop level, that the decoupling theorem of Appelquist and Carazzone is valid, and a consistent light effective field theory exists, for quantum electrodynamics in arbitrary α-gauges, and non-abelian gauge theory in α = 0, Landau gauge, renormalized by minimal subtraction.
Effects of early erythropoietin therapy on the transfusion requirements of preterm infants below 1250 grams birth weight: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives. Infants of ≤1250 g birth weight receive multiple erythrocyte transfusions during their hospitalization. We hypothesized that early erythropoietin (Epo) and iron therapy would 1) decrease the number of transfusions received (infants 401-1000 g birth weight; trial 1) and 2) decrease the percentage of infants who received any transfusions (1001–1250 g birth weight; trial 2). Methods. A total of 172 infants in trial 1 and 118 infants in trial 2 were randomized to treatment (Epo, 400 U/kg 3 times weekly) or placebo/control. Therapy was initiated by 4 days after birth and continued through the 35th postmenstrual week. All infants received supplemental parenteral and enteral iron. Complete blood and reticulocyte counts were measured weekly, and ferritin concentrations were measured monthly. Transfusions were administered according to protocol. Phlebotomy losses and transfusion data were recorded. Results. Treated and placebo/control infants in trial 1 received a similar number of transfusions (4.3 ± 3.6 vs 5.2 ± 4.2, respectively). A similar percentage of treated and control infants in trial 2 received at least 1 transfusion (37% vs 46%). Reticulocyte counts were higher in treated infants during each week of the study in both trials. Hematocrits were higher among treated infants from week 2 on in both trials. Ferritin concentrations were higher in placebo/controls than in treated infants at weeks 4 and 8 in trial 1 and at week 4 in trial 2. No adverse effects of Epo or supplemental iron occurred. Conclusion. The combination of early Epo and iron as administered in this study stimulated erythropoiesis in infants who were ≤1250 g at birth. However, the lack of impact on transfusion requirements fails to support routine use of early Epo.neonate, intravenous iron, donor exposure.
Exchange rates and interest rates: can term structure models explain currency movements?

Abstract We construct an international term structure model that has excellent empirical performance in tracking movements of exchange rates and currency returns. The forward premium puzzle is accounted for, yet the model does not have the undesirable properties found in Backus et al. (J. Finance 56 (2001) 279). Examination of the estimated factor structure indicates that local factors are not important in the US, UK, and German markets. Moreover, we find that term structure factors alone cannot satisfactorily explain exchange rate movements. In other words, exchange rates are also affected by other factors that are not in the interest rate dynamics.
The clinical basis of orthorexia nervosa: emerging perspectives

Orthorexia nervosa describes a pathological obsession with proper nutrition that is characterized by a restrictive diet, ritualized patterns of eating, and rigid avoidance of foods believed to be unhealthy or impure. Although prompted by a desire to achieve optimum health, orthorexia may lead to nutritional deficiencies, medical complications, and poor quality of life. Despite its being a distinct behavioral pattern that is frequently observed by clinicians, orthorexia has received very little empirical attention and is not yet formally recognized as a psychiatric disorder. In this review, we synthesize existing research to identify what is known about the symptoms, prevalence, neuropsychological profile, and treatment of orthorexia. An examination of diagnostic boundaries reveals important points of symptom overlap between orthorexia and anorexia nervosa, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, and psychotic spectrum disorders. Neuropsychological data suggest that orthorexic symptoms are independently associated with key facets of executive dysfunction for which some of these conditions already overlap. Discussion of cognitive weaknesses in set-shifting, external attention, and working memory highlights the value of continued research to identify intermediate, transdiagnostic endophenotypes for insight into the neuropathogenesis of orthorexia. An evaluation of current orthorexia measures indicates a need for further psychometric development to ensure that subsequent research has access to reliable and valid assessment tools. Optimized assessment will not only permit a clearer understanding of prevalence rates, psychosocial risk factors, and comorbid psychopathology but will also be needed to index intervention effectiveness. Though the field lacks data on therapeutic outcomes, current best practices suggest that orthorexia can successfully be treated with a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and medication.
Color face recognition by hypercomplex Gabor analysis

This paper explores the extraction of features from color imagery for recognition tasks, especially face recognition. The well-known Gabor filter, which is typically defined as a complex function, has been extended to the hypercomplex (quaternion) domain. Several proposed modes of this extension are discussed, and a preferred formulation is selected. To quantify the effectiveness of this novel filter for color-based feature extraction, an elastic graph implementation for human face recognition has been extended to color images, and performance of the corresponding monochromatic and color recognition systems have been compared. Our experiments have shown an improvement of 3% to 17% in recognition accuracy over the analysis of monochromatic images using complex Gabor filters.
Software architecture critics in Argo

Software architectures are high-level design representations of software systems that focus on composition of software components and how those components interact. Software architectures abstract the details of implementation and allow the designer to focus on essential design decisions. Regardless of notation, designers are faced with the task of making good design decisions, which demands a wide range of knowledge of the problem and solution domains. Argo is a software architecture design environment that supports designers by addressing several cognitive challenges of design. In this paper we describe how Argo supports decision making by automatically supplying knowledge that is timely and relevant to decisions at hand.
Ecdysteroid binding sites localized by autoradiography in the central nervous system of precommitment fifth-stadium Manduca sexta larvae.

Brains and subesophageal ganglia from day 3.5 fifth stadium larvae of Manduca sexta were incubated in vitro with 4 nM tritiated ponasterone A, a 20-hydroxyecdysone analog, to determine whether uptake and specific binding of ecdysteroids occur at a cellular level. These tissues, which were taken just prior to the commitment peak in the hemolymph-ecdysteroid titer, showed saturable uptake of 3H-ponasterone A after 40–60 min of incubation. Uptake was blocked by the addition of 400 nM unlabelled ponasterone A, or of 500 nM or 1000 nM 20-hydroxyecdysone. RH 5849, a synthetic 20-hydroxyecdysone agonist with a long half-life, for which ecdysteroid receptors have low affinity, also reduced ponasterone A uptake at a concentration of 10 μM. Autoradiographs of 4 μm sections of brains revealed distinct nuclear concentrations of silver grains over cell populations in the pars intercerebralis, pars lateralis, and ventral tritocerebrum. Nuclear labelling was also found in many small cells around the mushroom bodies and the neuropil, and between the inner and outer larval optic lobes. Nuclear labelling of cells in the subesophageal ganglion was observed in the fronto-medial and lateral regions, in small cells around the neuropil, and caudally in a few large neurons. In addition to cells with nuclear labelling, both brains and ganglia at this development stage contained cells with exclusively cytoplasmic or both nuclear and cytoplasmic labelling. None of these apparent binding sites were observed in the competition experiments, suggesting that the binding is specific.
Epidermal proteins. I. Differential extraction and quantitative polyacrylamide gel-electrophoretic analysis of basal spinous-cell proteins of neonatal mouse epidermis

The study of keratinocyte proteins and their changes in different physiological, experimental, and pathological states has been facilitated and stimulated by the development of high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) techniques. We describe a differential extraction system that separates the keratinocyte proteins into four major groups which are further quantitatively analyzed by PAGE: (1) cytoplasmic-soluble proteins, (2) nonionic-detergentsoluble proteins consisting of membrane-associated protein, (3) salt-dissociated proteins mainly consisting of histones, and ribosomal and keratohyaline granule proteins, and (4) the keratins (and other intermediate-filament-associated proteins), which are further separated into disulfide-stabilized keratins and keratins that do not require reducing agents in order to dissolve in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or urea. This extraction system was applied to neonatal mouse epidermal cell preparations that consisted mainly (60%–85%) of basal cells and also of some spinous cells (10%–30%). The SDS-PAGE patterns obtained by spectrophotometric scanning were graphically compared and integrated using an IBM personal computer. The protein bands in each extract were identified by their apparent molecular weights and were quantitated as a percentage of the total in each extract and in micrograms per 15×106 cells. Some protein peaks were provisionally identified as actin, the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, ribosomal proteins, and six keratins. This study serves as the foundation for the quantitative description of molecular changes which occur during keratinocyte differentiation and for the comprehensive identification of epidermal proteins.
P01.36. Assessment of commercial formulations of mucuna pruriens seeds for Levodopa (L-DOPA) content

Purpose Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) seeds contain 3-6% LDOPA, and have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to treat diseases resembling Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pilot studies in PD show that mucuna seed powder has similar effects to conventional levodopa/carbidopa medication. Formulations of mucuna seed are readily available through the internet, and are used by some PD patients as an alternative to conventional levadopa/carbidopa medication. The purpose of this study was to examine the L-DOPA content of a range of popular mucuna products in order to assess the veracity of label claims.
A Diffusion Model for Computer Art in Education

Computer art has a long history of controversy. The diffusion of the technology within the community of fine art and art education has been slow. There are questions in regard to the effectiveness of using the computer as an art medium and as an instrument of instruction for students. We study how the diffusion model proposed by Rogers and Shoemaker can be applied to examine the attributes of computer art that affect its diffusion process. Results indicate that the adoption of computer art can be improved by enhancing software usability and computer art aesthetics. Implications for strategies to overcome conservatism in the adoption of computer art are discussed.
Ethics politics of translating.

Ethics and Politics of Translating , written by Henri Meschonnic and translated from the French by Pier-Pascale Boulanger provides an in-depth look at the theory of language in regard to translational studies.
Response rates under varying probability of reinforcement

Key-pecking performances of two pigeons were brought to steady response states under several values of probability of reinforcement. Mean post-reinforcement pause increased but response rates remained relatively invariant as reinforcement probability decreased.
Privilege and Computer Science Education: How can we level the playing field?

My research investigates the interaction between privilege and computer science education, and asks what more can be done to level the playing field. Privilege is an unearned, unasked-for advantage gained because of the way society views an aspect of a student's identity, such as race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and language. Privilege may provide advantages to some students, and under-privileged students may face unfair barriers to success in education.
A novel monosialoganglioside synthesized by a rat brain cytidine-5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid: Galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide sialyltransferase

Abstract The present paper reports a cytidine-5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid: galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide sialyltransferase in young rat brain. The enzymic product is a new monosialoganglioside containing a neuraminidase-labile neuraminic acid. The proposed structure for this novel monosialoganglioside is as follows: N-acetylneuraminyl(2→3)Galactosyl(β, 1→3)N-acetylgalactosaminyl(β, 1→4)Galactosyl(β, 1→4)Glucoayl(1→1)ceramide.
Histocytologic grading of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of major salivary glands in prognosis and survival: A clinicopathologic and flow cytometric investigation

Background. Controversy exists regarding the role of a 3-tiered grading system for mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of salivary glands in prognosis and survival. This retrospective investigation evaluated a 3-tiered grading system modified from Healey by Batsakis and Luna and compared various clinical, pathologic, and flow cytometric parameters and overall survival among MECs of differing grades. Methods. Forty-eight patients with 7 low-grade (LG), 23 Intermediate-grade (IG), and 18 high-grade (HG) MECs of parotid (n = 43) and submandibular (n = 5) glands were studied. Data were analyzed using categorical statistics (Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-squared tests where appropriate). Results. Mean ages were 42 years for patients with LG tumors; 47 years, IG; and 59 years, HG (p = 0.02). Gender ratio (p 1.1) was present in 0% LG, 13% IG, and 28% HG (p = 0.05). Proliferative fraction (S + G2M) was 5% LG, 7% IG, and 13% HG (p = 0.008). Radiotherapy was administered in 14% LG, 35% IG, and 61% HG (p = 0.03). Recurrences (local and/or metastatic) occurred in 0% LG, 39% IG, and 61% HG (p = 0.009). Survival was decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) with increasing tumor grade (100% LG, 70% IG, and 22% HG). Conclusion. Histologic grading of mucoepidermoid carcinomas of major salivary glands, using the modified Healey 3-tiered system, correlates well with clinical, pathologic, and flow cytometric factors which influence the prognosis and overall survival in affected individuals. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of high-definition display technology to the design of mobile client/server systems

Although the major market force behind the development of high definition display systems is consumer television, there are also a number of important applications for this technology in computer systems which are being designed for the transportation, manufacturing, field engineering, maintenance, and scientific research industries. In many of these applications the computer workstations will need to be highly mobile (i.e. easily transported and often hand carried) and will require flat panel, projection, and virtual image high definition displays to provide graphics and imagery to the user at the point of action. One such important area of endeavor which includes all of the above applications is the international manned space exploration and science program. Current research work underway at SAIC is focused on the development of advanced mobile computing systems which utilize high definition displays. These systems are being specifically designed to support the user in the remote field environments anticipated by the space exploration program. This paper provides a view of future utilization of high definition displays and mobile computing systems in the remote field environments associated with the manned space program. The presentation will illustrate how the development of these systems can be used to greatly improve worker efficiency through the concept of telepresence.
It is not just scale that matters: Political trust in Utah

Abstract While the traditional assumption is residents have more confidence in governments that are closest to them, empirical studies supporting this claim remain limited. In this study, we test the claim that ‘small is beautiful’ by comparing citizen reactions to similar types of decisions affecting Utah residents made by political leaders at different levels of governance. Our primary goal is to test the claim that trust is higher for local governments. Our secondary goal is to examine potential determinants of trust and whether they vary across levels of governance. The central finding from this study is that, despite claims to the contrary, citizens are not necessarily more trusting of government closer to the people and higher levels of government can engender as much trust as more local levels of government. Our findings also emphasize that regardless of the level of governance considered, interrelations exist between residents’ views of procedural justice and trust in these officials.
Expansion of Invasive Cardiac Services in the United States

Background—The number of hospitals offering invasive cardiac services (diagnostic angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting) has expanded, yet national pa...
The Stylet Sheath as an Indicator of Feeding Activity by the Southern Green Stink Bug on Soybeans

Stylet sheaths were used as an indicator to study the feeding activity of Nezara viridula (L.) on soybeans. First-stage nymphs did not feed. An average of 158.4 stylet sheaths was produced during the 23.5-day duration of the last 4 immature stages. Both sexes of mature southern green stink bugs fed an equal number of times. Increased population levels in cage studies resulted in increases in stylet sheaths and percent damaged beans and reductions in yields.
A copper‐phosphorus interaction in wheat 1

Abstract Examination of results from two experiments designed to compare copper (Cu) carriers, rates, and application methods and an experiment designed to test the residual effects of Cu on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pointed to the existence of an interaction between Cu and phosphorus (P). Mineral element data for aboveground whole‐plant samples from the three experiments indicated that, with low Cu levels in the soil, when Cu was applied as CUSO4 in an apparently unavailable position, or when the Cu had been applied to the soil as CuHEDTA, P concentrations in the plant were very high. Also, when CUSO4 was applied to the soil and incorporated to a depth of 60 to 100 mm, concentrations of Cu increased and P decreased in the plant. In each case, if Cu concentrations in the plant were adequate, then normal plant development occurred. A Cu‐P interaction which affected P uptake or translocation was evident.
Acid phosphatase changes associated with development of male sterile and fertile maize (Zea mays L.)

Free and bound acid phosphatase were investigated biochemically and electrophoretically in male sterile and fertile plants. Scutella at the 72-hr seedling stage and anthers with enclosed reproductive tissue at the premeiosis, meiosis, and mature developmental stages were tested. Biochemical data show that while the total amount of free acid phosphatase behaved similarly in fertile and sterile plants, specific activities decreased in fertile plants and remained unchanged or increased in sterile plants. Total amounts of bound acid phosphatase increased significantly in fertile plants while specific activities decreased. In sterile anthers both specific activity and amount of bound acid phosphatase decreased significantly (except cms-S). Electrophoretic results indicated that the basic form of the enzyme was very similar in each location.
Electrochemical biomineralization: the deposition of calcite with chiral morphologies.

The biominerals calcite and aragonite are electrodeposited by electrochemically generating base in a solution containing Ca2+ and HCO3-. Although calcite crystallizes in the achiral space group R3c, orientations of calcite which lack mirror or glide plane symmetry are chiral. Chiral morphologies of calcite are electrodeposited in the presence of tartaric, malic, and aspartic acid. Calcite grows with left-handed spirals when deposited from l-tartaric acid but grows with right-handed spirals when deposited from l-malic acid or l-aspartic acid. A racemic mixture of d- and l-malic acid produces an achiral microstructure, instead of producing a racemic mixture of chiral microstructures.
Prognostic significance of the relative dose intensity of chemotherapy in primary treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective Relative dose intensity (RDI) is the ratio of delivered dose intensity of chemotherapy to standard dose intensity. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of RDI in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods A retrospective analysis of chemotherapy naive patients treated between 2001 and 2008 with intravenous taxane and platinum was performed. RDI was calculated as the delivered dose intensity (total dose delivered/total time of therapy) divided by standard dose intensity calculated for each regimen and compared to progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate recursive partitioning survival analysis was utilized. Results 138 EOC patients completed initial taxane/platinum-based chemotherapy following surgical cytoreduction. The most common reasons for dose delays and reductions were thrombocytopenia (38%) and neutropenia (31%). 24% of treatment delays were due to social reasons such as transportation constraints or scheduling conflicts. The average RDI was 90% (range, 24–126%). The mean PFS was 31months (range, 3–117). Patients that achieved an RDI between 70% and 110% had a mean PFS of 32months compared to 20months in patients with an RDI of 110% (p=0.046). 14 patients (10%) had a RDI of Conclusions RDI is a significant predictor of survival in patients with EOC. Effort should be made to achieve an RDI of at least 70%. Dose reductions and treatment delays could be minimized by utilizing prophylactic colony stimulating factors and educating patients about the importance of adhering to their treatment schedule.
Dose-response relationships between systemically administered l-tryptophan or l-5-hydroxytryptophan and raphe unit activity in the rat

Abstract In contrast to previous reports that l -5-hydroxytryptophan ( l -5-HTP) is without effect on raphe unit activity, systemic administration of l -tryptophan or l -5-HTP produced similar dose-dependent decreases in raphe unit activity, ranging from 0–15% at 10 mg/kg to 60–90% at 100 mg/kg doses. The dose-response curve forms a plateau for doses above 100 mg/kg of l -5-HTP or l -tryptophan. Neurochemical studies revealed that administration of varying doses of l -tryptophan or l -5-HTP (10–100 mg/kg, i.p.) under conditions simulating those of the unit recording procedure, produced dosedependent increases in forebrain serotonin of up to 42% and 353% for a 100 mg/kg dose of l -tryptophan or l -5-HTP, respectively. These data suggest that exogeneously administered l -5-HTP serves as an effective serotonin precursor in central serotonergic neurones. Furthermore, increases in forebrain serotonin levels within the range of normal diurnal variations dramatically depress raphe unit activity, indicating that diurnal changes in brain serotonin metabolism may significantly affect the activity of serotonin-containing neurones.
The quality frontier

ABSTRACT: Quality is gaining increased attention in medicine including oncology. This heightened focus on quality is long overdue, as noted by the Institute of Medicine over a decade ago. Unfortunately, medical practice including the numerous disciplines of oncology continues to fall short of its ‘quality frontier’, an analogous concept to the productivity frontier in business. Diverse but inter-related forces including culture, transparency, personalized medicine, economics and informatics are together driving the practice of oncology closer to its quality frontier. Examples of initial progress in relation to each of these forces are reviewed and their implications for future impact on quality discussed.
Role of atomic step defect sites on the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide : Comparison between Ru(001) and Ru(109) single-crystal surfaces

A comparison of the reactivity of chemisorbed oxygen with chemisorbed CO on Ru(109) and Ru(001) surfaces to produce CO2 shows that the atomically stepped Ru(109) surface provides active oxygen species, whereas the Ru(001) surface is inactive. Using Auger spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, it is found that the activity of Ru(109) is caused by the local high oxygen coverages achieved at the Ru step sites where the O/Ru ratio is 1.3 ± 0.3. The O/Ru(109) surface, saturated with CO, produces an inhomogeneous CO layer as observed by infrared spectroscopy, whereas O/Ru(001) produces a single terminally bound CO species.
Synthesis and electronic properties of poly(2-phenylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene): A new low band gap polymer

The synthesis of 2-phenylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene was carried out in two steps from 3,4-dibromothiophene and phenylacetylene. Electropolymerization of this monomer affords a novel low band gap (Egap) polymer that was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemistry. An Egap of ca. 0.85 eV was observed, which is among the lowest reported to date for any conductive polymer.
Decreased low-density lipoprotein receptor function and mRNA levels in lymphocytes from uremic patients

Decreased low density lipoprotein receptor function and mRNA levels in lymphocytes from uremic patients. The mechanisms by which renal failure causes hyperlipoproteinemia remain unclear. To investigate the potential role of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in lipoprotein metabolism in uremia we measured LDL receptor function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uremic patients and control subjects using a functional assay in which proliferation of lectin-stimulated PBMC in the presence of lovastatin was dependent upon internalization of exogenous cholesterol via a functional LDL receptor. The amount of LDL required to reverse 50% of lovastatin-induced inhibition of proliferation in PBMC from uremic patients was significantly greater (3.6 ± 1.8 µg/ml, N=33, P
New strategies in protein design.

Abstract Initially, it was hoped that very simple rules could be used to design proteins that embody all the characteristics of natural proteins. Indeed, with single-domain proteins as targets, it has been possible to design proteins that adopt the desired global fold. Yet, designed proteins with well defined structures and properties that mimic those of natural proteins remain elusive. Recent efforts in protein design have been directed toward addressing the basis for non-native characteristics in most protein designs. Although it is clear that specific tertiary interactions between all residues in a protein contribute to the final folded state, much attention has been placed on optimizing the packing of side chains in the hydrophobic core, with substantial success.
Lattice dielectric functions of Nd2CuO4 and La2CuO4 based on the shell model

Abstract We present a theoretical study of the wave-vector and frequency dependent lattice dielectric functions of Nd2CuO4 and La2CuO4. The calculation is carried out using a formula we derived recently based on the shell model description of the lattice dynamics. Except for damping constants, this formula does not require adjustable parameters beyond those employed in the calculation of vibrational frequencies. For the case of q=0, our calculated optical properties are in good agreement with experimental measurements. For cases of q≠0, our results indicate that both ∈xx (q, ω) and ∈zz (q, ω) are not very strongly anisotropic for frequencies higher than 20 meV and the real part of the dielectric function is negative along the qx and qz directions for ω around 40 ∼ 50 meV.
Influence of sodium tetrathionate on rate of blood flow to the digits.

SummaryThe rate of blood flow, skin temperature, and pulse rates were determined after the intravenous injection of 0.6 g of sodium tetrathionate. In 10 normal subjects the rate of blood flow and skin temperature increased slightly in the left index finger. In the lower extremities the rates of flow increased to a lesser extent. Indirect heating produced a greater rate of flow in the upper and lower extremities and increased the temperature in the upper and lower extremities to a greater degree. In 10 subjects with arteriosclerotic obliterative disease who have had a left lumbar sympathectomy, the rate of flow and skin temperatures through the upper extremities were increased slightly. However, there was no significant change in the lower extremities. Indirect heating was more efficacious in increasing the flow rate and skin temperature than was the sodium tetrathionate. The pulse rate was slowed slightly, the maximum slowing occurring 40 minutes after injection.
Somatization disorder: Psychologic symptoms, social disability, and diagnosis

Abstract The authors examined 50 outpatient women with somatization disorder (Briquet's syndrome) and 25 control women with primary major depression. Somatizers had many psychologic symptoms besides physical complaints and were often misdiagnosed. The somatizers were more socially disabled than the controls, particularly at work and as parents. The authors also review the history of somatization disorder, recent literature on psychological symptoms of somatization disorder, and make recommendations on the management, classification, and diagnosis of somatization disorder.
Economics of infection control surveillance technology: cost-effective or just cost?

Background Previous studies have suggested that informatics tools, such as automated alert and decision support systems, may increase the efficiency and quality of infection control surveillance. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of these tools. Methods We focus on 2 types of economic analyses that have utility in assessing infection control interventions (cost-effectiveness analysis and business-case analysis) and review the available literature on the economics of computerized infection control surveillance systems. Results Previous studies on the effectiveness of computerized infection control surveillance have been limited to assessments of whether these tools increase the sensitivity and specificity of surveillance over traditional methods. Furthermore, we identified only 2 studies that assessed the costs associated with computerized infection control surveillance. Thus, it remains unknown whether computerized infection control surveillance systems are cost-effective and whether use of these systems improves patient outcomes. Conclusion The existing data are insufficient to allow for a summary conclusion on the cost-effectiveness of infection control surveillance technology. All future studies of computerized infection control surveillance systems should aim to collect outcomes and economic data to inform decision making and assist hospitals with completing business-cases analyses.
Spike Annealing as Second Rapid Thermal Annealing to Prevent Pure Nickel Silicide From Decomposing on a Gate

To create a nickel-monosilicide (NiSi) film with superior electrical properties, two-step rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was optimized. Using in situ chemical dry cleaning and increasing initial RTA temperature makes it possible to macroscopically transform nickel into NiSi without causing oxygen contamination. Nevertheless, di-nickel silicide (Ni2Si) remaining on the top surface of NiSi on p+-doped gate degrades the electrical properties of the NiSi film. This top-surface Ni 2Si is formed by decomposition of NiSi by conventional second RTA and appears as a disconnection of the NiSi film on the logic test device or agglomeration of silicon and nickel on the blanket NiSi film with activation energy of 2.92 eV. Using ldquospike RTArdquo with higher temperature suppresses the decomposition of NiSi and activates transformation of Ni2 Si to NiSi. It is concluded that the proposed two-step RTA significantly improves the uniformity of the electrical properties of NiSi in 65-nm-node logic devices.
A Generic Digital Model of Multiphase Synchronous Generator for Shipboard PowerSystem

Electric ship power system loads, such as high power weapons and laser guns require flexible controlled power with high power quality. A multiphase synchronous generator provides high quality power with fewer ripples and a smoother current on the DC side. Improving the modeling and simulation of synchronous generators has been a subject of investigation for several decades. Modeling is traditionally based on the dq reference frame to obtain constant coefficients and to simplify the calculations. In this paper, a multiphase synchronous generator has been modeled. Better modeling of a multiphase machine is needed for shipboard power system analysis. The digital model is developed on the simulation platform of PSCAD/EMTDC, using the implicit integration method as the solver for a set of algebraic-differential-integral equations describing the performance of devices. The validity and accuracy of the modeling algorithm are verified by comparing steady state and transient performance of user-defined model with the standard model.