cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obsessive compulsive neurosis : clomipramine, prolactin and therapeutic response.

This study was designed to assess the relationship between psychopathology and serotonin generated prolactin response to clomipramine and to assess the relationship between improvement in psychopathology and prolactin levels. The experimental sample consisted of 15 patients in the drug and 12 patients in the placebo groups. Blood samples for prolactin levels were drawn at baseline, and at the end of 4,8, and 12 weeks. There were statistically significant differences in prolactin increase between the drug and the placebo groups at 4 but not at 12 weeks following treatment. When the four least improved and a similar number of the most improved patients were compared, the least improved patients had the most increase in prolactin and the most improved had the least increase.
French Settler Colonialism in Algeria

France was a settler colony in Algeria until 1962. This section provides an overview of settler colonial history in French Algeria, and explains the political and socio-economic setting from which the repatriate protagonists in this story emerged and out of which they forged a settler colonial Frenchness.1 The significance of this chapter is to show that Algeria’s social relations gave way to an understanding of Frenchness that differed in specific ways from that of the Metropolitans.
Endoscopic Treatment of Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cysts

Clinical and radiological presentation, indications to treat, surgical complications, and follow-up were investigated in 40 children with middle fossa arachnoid cysts (MFAC) treated at two centers in Florence, Italy, and Liverpool, UK.
D-cycloserine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Abstract Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and serious psychiatric illness. Exposure therapy is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy that is considered a first-line treatment option for PTSD. D-cycloserine (DCS) enhances fear extinction/exposure therapy in patients with various anxiety disorders, presumably via its N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor partial agonist effects. The aim of this paper is to review the published literature regarding the efficacy of DCS in the treatment of PTSD. Methods: A literature search for placebo-controlled trials assessing the use of DCS as the primary study drug in PTSD was conducted for trials published before June 2015 using PubMed, Ovid International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and www.clinicaltrials.gov. The search terms were variations of “cycloserine” and “posttraumatic stress disorder.” Results: Seven clinical trials were analyzed, including 2 trials comparing DCS with placebo as add-on treatment to ongoing stable pharmacotherapy and 5 trial...
Lamberto Cattabriga and the Theory of Linear Constant Coefficients Partial Differential Equations

This article focuses on the contributions of Cattabriga and De Giorgi to the study of surjectivity of linear constant coefficients partial differential equations on spaces of real analytic functions. Their contributions are placed in the context of the concurrent development of the general theory of Analytically Uniform spaces due to Ehrenpreis.
Implications of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders on neurocognitive performance and recovery in collegiate student–athletes

Background Approximately 3–13% of college-aged students have a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) which is characterised by impulsivity, inattention, and cognitive speed deficits which affects academic, athletic, and occupational performance even when treated. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine baseline neurocognitive differences in collegiate student-athletes with diagnosis of ADD/ADHD as well as recovery time from concussion. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Collegiate campus in North Carolina Participants Participants of this study included 1161 student-athletes (varsity, n=272 and club, n=889). 89 participants were followed post-concussion with 8 having diagnosis of ADD/ADHD. Assessment of risk factors Diagnosis of ADD/ADHD and days of recovery following concussion. Outcome measures Participants completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing which generated composite scores on Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visuomotor Speed, and Reaction Time as well as Total Symptom Scores. Main results There were no significant differences between groups for Visual Memory, Reaction Time and Total Symptom Scores (p>0.05). Those with diagnosis of ADD/ADHD (n=146) had lower verbal memory(mno=85.3, %95 CI: [84.6, 86] vs. madd=82.5, %95 CI:[80.7, 84.3], F(1, 1145)=8.6, p=0.003) and slower visuomotor speed (mno=41.7, %95 CI: [41.3, 42.7] vs. madd=40.5, %95: CI:[39.5,41.5],F(1,1145)=8.6,p=0.027) compared to those without a diagnosis. Those with ADD/ADHD took almost two times longer to recover than those without (mno=7.3 days, %95 CI: [6.2, 8.4] vs. madd=13.3 days, %95 CI:[9.4, 17.2], F(1, 89)=9.8, p=0.002). Conclusions Student-athletes with diagnosis of ADD/ADHD may benefit from targeted interventions as part of return to play/learn protocols. Previous research has shown that practice may help rehabilitate those with cognitive and visuomotor processing speed deficits following a concussion. Competing interests None.
Electrical Neuromodulation of the Respiratory System After Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and devastating condition characterized by disruption of descending, ascending, and intrinsic spinal circuitry resulting in chronic neurologic deficits. In addition to limb and trunk sensorimotor deficits, SCI can impair autonomic neurocircuitry such as the motor networks that support respiration and cough. High cervical SCI can cause complete respiratory paralysis, and even lower cervical or thoracic lesions commonly result in partial respiratory impairment. Although electrophrenic respiration can restore ventilator-independent breathing in select candidates, only a small subset of affected individuals can benefit from this technology at this moment. Over the past decades, spinal cord stimulation has shown promise for augmentation and recovery of neurologic function including motor control, cough, and breathing. The present review discusses the challenges and potentials of spinal cord stimulation for restoring respiratory function by overcoming some of the limitations of conventional respiratory functional electrical stimulation systems.
Hypnosis for Smoking Relapse Prevention: A Randomized Trial

The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypnosis would be more effective than standard behavioral counseling in helping smokers to remain abstinent. A total of 140 current smokers were enrolled in a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial at an urban Veterans Affairs medical center. Participants (n = 102) who were able to quit for at least 3 days received either a hypnosis or behavioral relapse prevention intervention. Both relapse prevention interventions consisted of two 60 min face-to-face sessions and four 20 min follow-up phone calls (two phone calls per week). At 26 weeks, the validate\d point-prevalence quit rate was 35% for the hypnosis group and 42% for the behavioral counseling group (relative risk = 0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.40). At 52 weeks, the validated quit rate was 29% for the hypnosis group and 28% for the behavioral group (relative risk = 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.91). It was concluded that hypnosis warrants further investigation as an intervention for facilitating maintenance of quitting.
Global Perspective Development as Sustained Micromovements over Time: Examining an International Student-Teaching Experience Five Years Later.

ABSTRACTColleges and universities incorporate international, student-teaching programs as a way to help prepare globally minded prospective teachers. This article adds to this conversation, offering insight from a multicase study analysis of three educators conducted 5 years after their experience student teaching in Kenya, East Africa. The researcher focused on evidence that related to holistic global perspective, informed by theories of cosmopolitan citizenship. Three cases are highlighted to compare the data that were gathered when the preservice teachers participated in a critical ethnography conducted between 2007 and 2008 with interview data collected 5 years later. This follow-up study demonstrated the participants’ perceptions of their student-teaching abroad experience over time. Two themes emerged when analyzing the data across cases: (1) extended post-travel reflection strengthens participants’ intrapersonal awareness, (2) individuals felt a desire to become cultural conduits “with responsibili...
Assessment of the suitability of Durafet-based sensors for pH measurement in dynamic estuarine environments

Abstract The suitability of the Honeywell Durafet to the measurement of pH in productive, high-fouling, and highly-turbid estuarine environments was investigated at the confluence of the Murderkill Estuary and Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA). Three different flow configurations of the SeapHOx sensor equipped with a Honeywell Durafet and its integrated internal (Ag/AgCl reference electrode containing a 4.5 M KCl gel liquid junction) and external (solid-state chloride ion selective electrode, Cl-ISE) reference electrodes were deployed for four periods between April 2015 and September 2016. In this environment, the Honeywell Durafet proved capable of making high-resolution and high-frequency pH measurements on the total scale between pH 6.8 and 8.4. Natural pH fluctuations of >1 pH unit were routinely captured over a range of timescales. The sensor pH collected between May and August 2016 using the most refined SeapHOx configuration exhibited good agreement with multiple sets of independently measured reference pH values. When deployed in conjunction with rigorous discrete sampling and calibration schemes, the sensor pH had a root-mean squared error ranging between 0.011 and 0.036 pH units across a wide range of salinity relative to both pH T calculated from measured dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity and pH NBS measured with a glass electrode corrected to pH T at in situ conditions. The present work demonstrates the viability of the Honeywell Durafet to the measurement of pH to within the weather-level precision defined by the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON, ≤ 0.02 pH units) as a part of future estuarine CO2 chemistry studies undertaken in dynamic environments.
Piston temperature model oriented to control applications in diesel engines

In this paper, the development of a control-oriented piston temperature model for diesel engines is discussed. Using the underlying energy balance at the piston, a one-state piston temperature mode...
Examination of objective and subjective financial factors in predicting financial and retirement satisfaction in retirees

ABSTRACTThe present study examined predictors of retirement and financial satisfaction and contributed to existing literature by examining the incremental prediction offered by subjective estimates...
3D protein structure from genetic epistasis experiments

High-throughput experimental techniques have made possible the systematic sampling of the single mutation landscape for many proteins, defined as the change in protein fitness as the result of point mutation sequence changes. In a more limited number of cases, and for small proteins only, we also have nearly full coverage of all possible double mutants. By comparing the phenotypic effect of two simultaneous mutations with that of the individual amino acid changes, we can evaluate epistatic effects that reflect non-additive cooperative processes. The observation that epistatic residue pairs often are in contact in the 3D structure led to the hypothesis that a systematic epistatic screen contains sufficient information to identify the 3D fold of a protein. To test this hypothesis, we examined experimental double mutants for evidence of epistasis and identified residue contacts at 86% accuracy, including secondary structure elements and evidence for an alternative all-alpha-helical conformation. Positively epistatic contacts - corresponding to compensatory mutations, restoring fitness - were the most informative. Folded models generated from top-ranked epistatic pairs, when compared with the known structure, were accurate within 2.4 A over 53 residues, indicating the possibility that 3D protein folds can be determined experimentally with good accuracy from functional assays of mutant libraries, at least for small proteins. These results suggest a new experimental approach for determining protein structure.
Decision tree induction of 3-D manufacturing features

Computer-aided design (CAD) systems describe engineering parts in terms of surfaces, edges, and vertices. However, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems typically represent parts in terms of higher-level features such as slots, holes, pockets, and chamfers. The successful development of an automated manufacturing system relies on the integration of CAD and CAM. Machine learning may help to bridge the gap between these two technologies. We present preliminary results of using a structural decision tree algorithm, STRUCT, to induce manufacturing features from CAD solid models.
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Decisions Under Risk and Uncertainty: A Survey

This article presents the economics of risk and uncertainty focusing on how they pertain and relate to resource economics, which includes both environmental and natural resource economics. Risk, with known probabilities, is prominent in work that connects human health to environmental stressors such as air pollutants and contaminants in drinking water and in resource extraction situations where information is reasonable. Uncertainty, with the extreme being no knowledge of probabilities, may also arise in contexts such as climate change, global warming, or situations where little is currently known. The basic economic model of expected utility is described and connected to nonmarket valuation (i.e., maximum willingness to pay to reduce risk). The risk-related welfare measures such as option value and option price are described. A short list and description of topics that go beyond the basic framework conclude the article. These include endogenous risk, subjective probability and perceived risks, Bayesian analysis, and robust optimal control.
Fruit Quality and Soluble Solids

Grape maturity assessment as well as fruit quality is critical to the successful production of palatable wines. Part of the grower’s payment for the fruit often is based upon delivery of grapes at agreed-upon parameters; so care must be taken in the maturity monitoring process. Traditionally, degrees Brix (°B, weight percent sugar in the juice) and titratable acidity (g/L of acid in the juice) have been selected as the harvest parameters most important in monitoring maturity. Because of the importance of fruit maturity to ultimate wine palatability, field sampling of fruit must be performed in an objective and statistically acceptable manner.
Anomalous Magnetoresistance in Al/Al-Alloy Composite Conductors

The transverse magnetoresistance of several composite conductors containing a large single filament of pure aluminum in a matrix of Al-Fe-Ce has been measured at 4 K to fields of 10 T. The magnetoresistance (ΔR/R) of the composite is very large, rising to 55 in the “worst” case. Previous measurements on pure polycrystalline aluminum have always shown a rapidly saturating behavior with a very small linear component; AR/R rarely exceeds a value of 5–6. In addition, the magnetoresistance of the composite samples shows a structure as the field is rotatated around the current axis.
Viscous flow and performance issues in a 6:1 supersonic mixed-flow compressor with a tandem diffuser

Abstract The advancement of multi-dimensional and viscous computational tools has eased the accessibility and overall effort for thorough analysis of complex turbomachinery designs. In this paper, we computationally evaluate a high-pressure ratio supersonic mixed-flow compressor stage designed using an in-house mean-line code. Objective is to include three dimensionalities, viscous flow and compressibility effects including the shock wave systems into account. As mixed-flow compressors are advantageous especially for small jet engine applications we choose mass flow rate, stage total pressure ratio and maximum diameter as the main design constraints. This computational analysis is the second paper of a two-part series explaining strategy for designing a high-pressure ratio mixed-flow compressor stage. The high-pressure ratio and small diameter requirements push this compressor for a highly-loaded supersonic ‘shock-in rotor’ design with supersonic stator/diffuser. The used RANS based computational fluid dynamics model is thoroughly assessed for its ability to predict compressor performance using existing well-established experimental data. NASA Rotor 37 and RWTH Aachen supersonic tandem stator are chosen as the test cases for exhibiting similar flow characteristics to present design. The computational approach helps to shed light upon the mixed-rotor and supersonic-stator 3D shock structures and viscous/secondary flow. Stage performance map, pressure and velocity distribution of this high-pressure ratio mixed-flow compressor is obtained. Areas of design optimization are highlighted to further improve performance and efficiency. The in-house mean-line design code predicted a pressure ratio of 6.0 with 75.5% efficiency for a mass flow rate of 3.5 kg/s. The mean-line code obviously lacked to fully represent three-dimensionality effects due to its inherent over-simplifying assumptions thus, inclusion of RANS based computations improves the fidelity of mixed-flow compressor design performance calculations at a great rate. Comprehensive computational analysis of the stage shows that our design goal is met with a stage total pressure ratio of ΠTT = 5.83 with an efficiency of η IS = 77% for a mass flow rate of m ˙ = 3.03 kg/s. A total pressure ratio of 6.12 at 75.5% efficiency is reached with a 3.5% increase in design rotational speed.
Dual Language for All: Central Office Leadership in the El Paso Independent School District

Despite intentions to promote academic achievement among Latinx student populations, many districts continue to provide exclusionary and subtractive educational programs. Dual language education has been put forth by many researchers, social justice advocates, and practitioners as an approach to transforming schools through its emphasis on valuing linguistic diversity, inclusivity, and rigorous and culturally sustaining curriculum. Drawing upon theories of social justice leadership, we explore how one superintendent in the El Paso Independent School District (EPISD) in Texas engaged in leadership to address injustices against Mexican and Mexican American emergent bilinguals through the implementation of district-wide dual language education. This study highlights the important role of the superintendent in supporting dual language education, identifies specific actions and values pertinent to social justice leadership at the district level, and distinguishes some of the ways personal values, context, and continual learning can positively influence leadership.
A Region Recovers: Planning for Resilience after Superstorm Sandy

2012’s Superstorm Sandy had a devastating impact on the New York City metropolitan region, including the suburban Long Island coast and the New Jersey shore. Given the size, density, complexity, an...
Intentionality: Bring Meaning Back in the Micro–Macro Processes of Institutional Theory

Despite the centrality of meaning in institutional theory, meaning tends to be inferred from observable behaviors and practices, taken literally from spoken or written texts, or simply assumed by r...
Deep learning of spectral geometry

Abstract The deep learning-based geometry is a data-driven technique, and we consider it as data geometry. The chapter describes the main mathematical ideas behind geometric deep learning and provides development details for several applications in shape analysis and synthesis, especially in spectral geometry. With the detailed review of recent geometric deep learning techniques, we illustrate a clear picture of the key concepts and techniques, as well as the related applications. We also provide practical implementation details for the methods presented in these works.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Relative Age: A Meta-Analysis.

One potential source contributing to the misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could be as simple as a child’s age in relation to others in the...
Minimum-Parameter Representations of N-Dimensional Principal Rotations

Classic techniques have been established to characterize N × N proper orthogonal matrices using the N-dimensional Euler’s theorem and the Cayley transform. These techniques provide separate descriptions of N-dimensional orientation in terms of the constituent principal rotations or a minimum-parameter representation. The two descriptions can be linked by the canonical form of the extended Rodrigues parameters. This form is developed into a new minimum-parameter representation that directly links to the principal rotations. The new representation is solved using analytic and geometric approaches for N = 3 and N = 4, and numerical solutions are found for N= 5. In fact multiple solutions, which are related geometrically by different coordinatizations of the principal planes, have been found. The new parameters represent a projection of the principal rotations onto the planes formed by the body coordinates.
Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia as a Predictor of Mortality and Morbidity Following Cardiac Surgery

Purpose: Liver disease is common among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and is multifactorial in nature. Intraoperative hypoxia or low cardiac output are hypothesized to cause liver injury, as are the use of total parenteral nutrition or inotropic infusions. Therefore, conjugated bilirubin, a marker of liver disease, is a candidate marker of morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants after cardiac surgery. The purpose of our study is to describe the characteristics of patients with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and investigate the association of bilirubin with post-operative outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study of neonates ( < 30 days of age) and infants (≥30 days through < …
H I Clouds in the M81 Filament as Dark Matter Minihalos?a Phase-space Mismatch

Cosmological galaxy formation models predict the existence of dark matter minihalos surrounding galaxies and in filaments connecting groups of galaxies. The more massive of these minihalos are predicted to host H I gas that should be detectable by current radio telescopes such as the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We observed the region including the M81/M82 and NGC 2403 galaxy groups, searching for observational evidence of an H I component associated with dark matter halos within the "M81 Filament," using the GBT. The map covers an 87 × 213 (480 kpc × 1.2 Mpc) region centered between the M81/M82 and NGC 2403 galaxy groups. Our observations cover a wide velocity range, from –890 to 1320 km s–1, which spans much of the range predicted by cosmological N-body simulations for dark matter minihalo velocities. Our search is not complete in the velocity range –210 to 85 km s–1, containing Galactic emission and the HVC Complex A. For an H I cloud at the distance of M81, with a size ≤10 kpc, our average 5σ mass detection limit is 3.2 × 106 M ☉, for a linewidth of 20 km s–1. We compare our observations to two large cosmological N-body simulations and find that the simulation predicts a significantly greater number of detectable minihalos than are found in our observations, and that the simulated minihalos do not match the phase space of observed H I clouds. These results place strong constraints on the H I gas that can be associated with dark matter halos. Our observations indicate that the majority of extragalactic H I clouds with a mass greater than 106 M ☉ are likely to be generated through tidal stripping caused by galaxy interactions.
Visualizing Air Voids and Synthetic Fibers from X-Ray Computed Tomographic Images of Concrete

A challenge in quality control for synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete is determining the actual spatial distribution of fibers. This paper presents the first computer algorithm to identify synthetic macrofibers within hardened concrete that has been scanned in an industrial X-ray computed tomographic scanner. The algorithm can also be used to obtain the spatial distribution of other inclusions such as air voids or steel fibers as well. Visualization of synthetic fibers was the primary focus of this work. The heterogeneous nature of concrete results in a noisy image which makes identifying contrast edge segmentation difficult for to the image processing. In order to identify only fibers, the air voids touching the fibers must be identified separately because they are similar in grayscale as the synthetic fibers. These air voids are assumed to be spherical in shape, and once identified can be extracted from the remaining fiber-aggregate-cement system. In this study, it was determined that the algorithm works best for straight macrosynthetic fibers where the pixel resolution is similar or smaller than the diameter of the fibers and if the fibers remain straight lines in the 3D matrix.
The postnatal testosterone rebound in first-time fathers and the quality and quantity of paternal care.

In human males, testosterone (T) decreases in the period following the birth of offspring. This decline has been widely interpreted as a facultative neuroendocrine response that facilitates parenting effort. Conversely, research on if (or when) this decline in T would be followed by an eventual recovery and subsequent shift away from parenting effort is lacking. In a U.S. community sample of 225 males transitioning to first-time fatherhood, we measured T at three occasions: third trimester, infant 3 months postnatal, and infant 9-10 months postnatal. Using a piecewise latent growth curve model (GCM), we detected a T rebound from when infants were 3 months old to when infants were 9-10 months old. The slope of this rebound was able to predict paternal care using two distinct measures: (a) an experience sampling method (ESM) that gathered data on paternal time allocation over the course of the study period and (b) independent coders rating fathers for the quality of paternal care during a structured task designed to elicit an infant fear response. As predicted, the more accelerated one's T rebound (slope), the less time fathers invested in their infants across the study period. However, we found a positive relationship between T rebound and quality of paternal care during a challenging activity. Discussion will focus on nuanced reasons that contribute to these findings as well as speculate on the ultimate function of a human paternal T rebound.
Effect of Azide Preservative on Thermomechanical Aggregation of Purified Reference Protein Materials

Abstract Protein aggregation can affect the quality of protein-based therapeutics. Attempting to unravel factors influencing protein aggregation involves systematic studies. These studies often include sodium azide or similar preservatives in the aggregation buffer. This work shows effects of azide on aggregation of two highly purified reference proteins, both a bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as a monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb). The proteins were aggregated by thermomechanical stress, consisting of simultaneous heating of the solution with gentle agitation. Protein aggregates were characterized by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) with light scattering measurements along with quantification by UV spectroscopy, revealing strong time-dependent generation of aggregated protein and an increase in aggregate molar mass. Gel electrophoresis was used to probe the reversibility of the aggregation and demonstrated complete reversibility for the NISTmAb, but not so for the BSA. Kinetic fitting to a commonly implemented nucleated polymerization model was also employed to provide mechanistic details into the kinetic process. The model suggests that the aggregation of the NISTmAb proceeds via nucleated growth and aggregate-aggregate condensation in a way that is dependent on the concentration (and presence) of the azide anion. This work overall implicates azide preservatives as having demonstrable effects on thermomechanical stress and aggregation of proteins undergoing systematic aggregation and stability studies.
SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses Among Military Personnel Deployed on the USNS COMFORT to New York City During the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a unique challenge to United States Navy hospital ships. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among US Navy personnel deployed on the USNS COMFORT to augment the inpatient health care capacity in New York City. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on USNS COMFORT crewmembers returning to Norfolk, Virginia, following deployment. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire and provided a serum sample at Day 14 post-deployment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from testing of symptomatic crewmembers during deployment and Day 0 and Day 14 post-deployment screening swabs conducted on all crewmembers, per military order, were abstracted. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein immunoglobulin G antibody or PCR result. Results Of the ship's total complement of 1200 crewmembers, 450 were enrolled: 432 (96.0%) completed the questionnaire and provided a serum sample. The median age of participants (interquartile range) was 30 (24-39) years, 50.8% were female, 58.6% were White, and 14.0% were Black; 80.1% had a clinical role during deployment. The cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 3.01% (13/432; 95% CI, 1.61%-5.09%). Twelve of 13 infections occurred in health care providers, and 8 of 13 were asymptomatic. The antibody profile of infected crewmembers varied by suspected timing of infection. Conclusions We observed a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among USNS COMFORT crewmembers despite the inherent risk of a shipboard deployment to an area with high rates of community transmission. Our findings suggest that early infection control measures mitigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among crewmembers.
An expanded mixed finite element method for generalized Forchheimer flows in porous media

Abstract We study the expanded mixed finite element method applied to degenerate parabolic equations with the Dirichlet boundary condition. The equation is considered a prototype of the nonlinear Forchheimer equation for slightly compressible fluid flow in porous media. The bounds for the solutions are established. In both continuous and discrete time procedures, utilizing the monotonicity properties of Forchheimer equation and the boundedness of solutions, we establish the error estimates in L 2 -norm for solutions, divergence of the vector variable in several Lebesgue norms. A numerical example using the lowest order Raviart–Thomas ( R T 0 ) mixed element confirms our theoretical results regarding convergence rates.
Power system operation incorporating active distribution grids: A system of systems framework

In restructured power systems, the transmission and distribution grids are autonomously utilized by independent system operator (ISO) and distribution companies (DISCOs), respectively. As the operating condition of one grid influences the decisions made by operators of other grids, the ISO and DISCOs should collaborate and cooperate with each other in order to operate the entire power system in a secure and economic manner. According to the concept of system of systems (SoS) engineering, this paper presents a decentralized decision-making framework to determine a secure and economical hourly generation schedule for a transmission system encompassing numbers of active distribution grids. Taking into consideration the physical connections and shared information between ISO and DISCOs, a SoS-based SCUC framework is designed and a hierarchical optimization algorithm is presented to find optimal operating points of all independent systems in the SoS-based power system architecture. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed SoS framework and solution methodology.
Towards the quality of service for voip traffic in ieee 802.11 wireless networks

The usage of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks is expected to increase in the near future due to widely deployed 802.11 wireless networks and VoIP services on fixed lines. However, the quality of service (QoS) of VoIP traffic in wireless networks is still unsatisfactory. In this thesis, I identify several sources for the QoS problems of VoIP traffic in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks and propose solutions for these problems. The QoS problems discussed can be divided into three categories, namely, user mobility, VoIP capacity, and call admission control. User mobility causes network disruptions during handoffs. In order to reduce the handoff time between Access Points (APs), I propose a new handoff algorithm, Selective Scanning and Caching, which finds available APs by scanning a minimum number of channels and furthermore allows clients to perform handoffs without scanning, by caching AP information. I also describe a new architecture for the client and server side for seamless IP layer handoffs, which are caused when mobile clients change the subnet due to layer 2 handoffs. I also present two methods to improve VoIP capacity for 802.11 networks, Adaptive Priority Control (APC) and Dynamic Point Coordination Function (DPCF). APC is a new packet scheduling algorithm at the AP and improves the capacity by balancing the uplink and downlink delay of VoIP traffic, and DPCF uses a polling based protocol and minimizes the bandwidth wasted from unnecessary polling, using a dynamic polling list. Additionally, I estimated the capacity for VoIP traffic in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks via theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments in a wireless test-bed and show how to avoid mistakes in the measurements and comparisons. Finally, to protect the QoS for existing VoIP calls while maximizing the channel utilization, I propose a novel admission control algorithm called QP-CAT (Queue size Prediction using Computation of Additional Transmission), which accurately predicts the impact of new voice calls by virtually transmitting virtual new VoIP traffic.
Molecular Assembly and Computation: From Theory to Experimental Demonstrations

While the topic of Molecular Computation would have appeared even a half dozen years ago to be purely conjectural, it now is an emerging subfield of computer science with the development of its theoretical basis and a number of moderate to large-scale experimental demonstrations. This paper focuses on a subarea of Molecular Computation known as DNA self-assembly. Self-assembly is the spontaneous self-ordering of substructures into superstructures driven by the selective affinity of the substructures. DNA provides a molecular scale material for effecting this programmable self-assembly, using the selective affinity of pairs of DNA strands to form DNA nanostructures. DNA self-assembly is the most advanced and versatile system known for programmable construction of patterned systems on the molecular scale. The methodology of DNA self-assembly begins with the synthesis of single-strand DNA molecules that self-assemble into macromolecular building blocks called DNA tiles. These tiles have sticky ends that match the sticky ends of other DNA tiles, facilitating further assembly into large structures known as DNA tiling lattices. In principal you can make the DNA tiling assemblies form any computable two-or three-dimensional pattern, however complex, with the appropriate choice of the tile's component DNA. This paper overviews the evolution of DNA self-assembly techniques from pure theory to experimental practice. We describe how some theoretical developments have made a major impact on the design of self-assembly experiments, as well as a number of theoretical challenges remaining in the area of DNA self-assembly. We descuss algorithms and software for the design, simulation and optimization of DNA tiling assemblies. We also describe the first experimental demonstrations of DNA self-assemblies that execute molecular computations and the assembly of patterned objects at the molecular scale. Recent experimental results indicate that this technique is scalable. Molecular imaging devices such as atomic force microscopes and transmission electron microscopes allow visualization of self-assembled two-dimensional DNA tiling lattices composed of hundreds of thousands of tiles. These assemblies can be used as scaffolding on which to position molecular electronics and robotics components with precision and specificity. The programmability lets this scaffolding have the patterning required for fabricating complex devices made of these components.
Memoirs of Motherhood: Reflections on Pedagogical Motherhood in Community

This paper reflects on motherhood as pedagogy and suggests that motherhood in Bakiga of southwestern Uganda goes beyond biological capacity to reproduce. As a communal undertaking in the face of colonialism, from an indigenous perspective mothers can be seen as models of decolonization. My own memories of my mother’s motherhood as practiced in Bakiga offer a decolonial lens for reading motherhood in different cultures.
Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain: Pin the pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis is the most common helminthic infection in the US. It is usually considered an innocuous parasite that at the most causes perianal itching. We report a case of an 84-year-old female patient from an assisted living facility who presented with symptoms of colitis for 2 months. On detailed history and exam, she was found to have E. vermicularis infection. All her symptoms resolved dramatically within 2 days after a single dose of albendazole. We want to emphasize the importance of including parasitic infections such as E. vermicularis in the differential diagnoses of patients presenting with symptoms of colitis.
Limited Dedifferentiation Provides Replacement Tissue during Zebrafish Fin Regeneration

Unlike humans, some vertebrate animals are able to completely regenerate damaged appendages and other organs. For example, adult zebrafish will regenerate the complex structure of an amputated caudal fin to a degree that the original and replacement fins are indistinguishable. The blastema, a mass of cells that uniquely forms following appendage amputation in regenerating animals, is the major source of regenerated tissue. However, the cell lineage(s) that contribute to the blastema and their ultimate contribution(s) to the regenerated fin have not been definitively characterized. It has been suggested that cells near the amputation site dedifferentiate forming multipotent progenitors that populate the blastema and then give rise to multiple cell types of the regenerated fin. Other studies propose that blastema cells are non-uniform populations that remain restricted in their potential to contribute to different cell lineages. We tested these models by using inducible Cre-lox technology to generate adult zebrafish with distinct, isolated groups of genetically labeled cells within the caudal fin. We then tracked populations of several cell types over the entire course of fin regeneration in individual animals. We found no evidence for the existence of multipotent progenitors. Instead, multiple cell types, including epidermal cells, intra-ray fibroblasts, and osteoblasts, contribute to the newly regenerated tissue while remaining highly restricted with respect to their developmental identity. Our studies further demonstrate that the regenerating fin consists of many repeating blastema "units" dedicated to each fin ray. These blastemas each have an organized structure of lineage restricted, dedifferentiated cells that cooperate to regenerate the caudal fin.
Best Linear Recursive Estimation for Mixed Linear Models

Abstract Recursive estimation techniques for fixed and completely random models are extended to mixed linear models. The Kalman filter is used to obtain recursive estimators for a two-part random model where the second random factor obeys a generalized autoregressive process. By passing to the limit in an appropriate way, recursions for the mixed model are derived.
Spatial Distribution of Antimony and Arsenic Levels in Manadas Creek, an Urban Tributary of the Rio Grande in Laredo, Texas

The Rio Grande and its tributaries represent a critical water source for both the human population and the ecological resources of the Rio Grande drainage basin. Manadas Creek, an urban tributary of the Rio Grande, is located in an industrialized area of Laredo, Texas, where warehouses, a major railroad, and a decommissioned antimony (Sb) smelter are located. Previous studies have found that the creek water is contaminated with heavy metals such as Sb and arsenic (As). However, data on the metal distribution in this creek are very limited. Herein, water and sediment core samples were collected from six sites along the creek in February, April, and May 2008. Samples were analyzed for dissolved and total metals in water, total metals in sediments, and available (soluble-exchangeable, surface adsorbed, and organically bound) fractions of metals associated with the sediments. Results show that concentrations of Sb in the water and sediment samples were significantly lower at the upstream control site compared to the two sites located near the decommissioned smelter. Decreasing levels of Sb were found at the sites located downstream. The As levels in the sediment remained constant at different depths, whereas Sb varied significantly. A high level, 420 mg/kg, of sediment Sb was found at the maximum sediment depth of 35.0 cm sampled. In addition, 65.7–76.9% Sb and 80.3–85.6% As were in their residual form, 15.0–22.5% Sb and 6.2–11.4% As were bound to organic matter, and the remaining As and Sb were in the soluble and surface adsorbed fractions. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that the distribution of Sb was only moderately correlated to iron and nickel in the sediment and its correlation with the sediment properties measured was insignificant. Cluster analyses only grouped the two Sb isotopes together for the sediments collected in May, indicating that sources other than natural occurrence were associated with Sb. The high level of sediment Sb observed indicates that the sediment bed of Manadas Creek was acting as a holding reservoir for Sb and a potential source for the Sb level in the stream water. Thus, the loss of the sediment Sb and the Sb level in the water column must be closely related to the mobility of the bed sediments and the fate of the sediment-associated Sb.
Exact solution of “three-dimensional” Ising model with four-spin interaction

Abstract Using the partial trace method, a model with four-spin interactions in a three-dimensional lattice is reduced to independent triangular lattices with three-spin interactions. The temperature derivative of the susceptibility is singular at T c with different exponents below and above T c .
The unconditional ‘ought’: A theoretical model for the anthropology of morality

Despite growing interest in the study of morality in anthropology, the field continues to be hindered by the lack of a common theoretical framework that adequately conceptualizes morality as an ana...
Spelling and searching the internet: An overlooked problem

Abstract Misspellings, phonetic spellings, deliberately idiosyncratic spellings, typographical, and other errors are examined in relation to the Internet’s lack of standardization. Despite the dramatic effect different spellings have on the outcome of searches, this topic has not been adequately addressed in the literature nor have solutions been suggested hitherto.
Parallel analysis with optically gated sample introduction on a multichannel microchip.

As an alternative to the T-type injection on microchips, optically gated sample introduction previously has been demonstrated to provide fast, serial, and reproducible injections on a single-channel microchip. Here, the ability to perform high throughput, multichannel analysis with optically gated sample introduction is described using a voice coil actuator. The microchip is fixed on a stage, which moves back and forth via the voice coil actuator, scanning two laser beams across the channels on the microchip. For parallel analysis on a multichannel microchip, both the gating beam and the probe beam are scanned at 10 Hz to perform multiple injections and parallel detection. Simultaneous, fast separations of 4-choloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD)-labeled amino acids are demonstrated in multiple channels on a microchip. Serial separations of different samples in multiple channels are also reported. Optically gated sample introduction on multiple, parallel channels shows the potential for high-speed, high-throug...
Planet-disk interaction in three dimensions: The importance of buoyancy waves

We carry out local three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations of planet-disk interaction in stratified disks with varied thermodynamic properties. We find that whenever the Brunt-Vaisala frequency (N) in the disk is non-zero, the planet exerts a strong torque on the disk in the vicinity of the planet, with a reduction in the traditional "torque cutoff." In particular, this is true for adiabatic perturbations in disks with isothermal density structure, as should be typical for centrally irradiated protoplanetary disks. We identify this torque with buoyancy waves, which are excited (when N is non-zero) close to the planet, within one disk scale height from its orbit. These waves give rise to density perturbations with a characteristic 3D spatial pattern which is in close agreement with the linear dispersion relation. The torque due to these waves can amount to as much as several tens of percent of the total planetary torque, which is not expected based on analytical calculations limited to axisymmetric or low-m modes. Buoyancy waves should be ubiquitous around planets in the inner, dense regions of protoplanetary disks, where they might possibly affect planet migration.