cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AGRICULTORAS DO PAJEÚ: FEMINISMO E AGROECOLOGIA NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO.

AGRICULTORAS DO PAJEU: FEMINISMO E AGROECOLOGIA NO SEMINARIDO BRASILEIRO. Resumo Este artigo faz parte de um estudo de caso de uma tese de doutorado denominada, Aproximacao entre as perspectivas feminista e agroecologica potencializando processos de empoderamento das mulheres rurais brasileiras, a partir do territorio do Pajeu, Sertao de Pernambuco . O estudo de caso foi realizado com duas organizacoes, Casa da Mulher do Nordeste e Centro Sabia, ambas com atuacao no Sertao do Pajeu, Semiarido de Pernambuco. O artigo ressalta que com conflitos, consensos e dissensos emerge no pais um processo politico, em que organizacoes que iniciaram seu trabalho principalmente no campo agroecologico, vem incorporando uma perspectiva de apoiar as mulheres, ao mesmo tempo em que organizacoes feministas vem incorporando iniciativas agroecologicas. Palavras chaves: feminismo, agroecologia e metodologia feminista. CAMPESINAS DEL PAJEU: FEMINISMO Y AGROECOLOGIA EN EL SEMINARIDO BRASILENO. Resumen Este articulo es parte de un estudio de caso de una tesis doctoral llamada : acercamiento entre las perspectivas feminista y agroecologica potencializando procesos de empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales b rasilenas desde e l territorio de Pajeu , Sertao de Pernambuco. El estudio de caso se llevo a cabo con dos organizaciones , “Casa da Mulher do N ordeste” y el “Centro Sabia” , las dos funcionando en la region semiarida de Pernambuco. El articulo senala que con conflictos , consensos y disensos surge en el pais un proceso politico en el que las organizaciones que han iniciado su trabajo principalmente en materia agroecologica , vienen incorporando una perspectiva de apoyar a las mujeres , al mismo tiempo organizaciones feministas estan incorporando iniciativas agroecologicas . Palabras clave: feminismo , metodologia feminista y agroecologia . WOMEN FARMERS FROM PAJEU: FEMINISM AND AGROECOLOGY IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID Abstract This article is part of a case study of a doctoral thesis entitled : Approach between feminist and agroecological perspectives enhancing empowerment processes of Brazilian rural women from the territory of Pajeu, Hinterland of Pernambuco . The case study was conducted with two organizations “Casa da Mulher do Nordeste” and “Centro Sabia”, both operating in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. The article points out that with conflict, consensus and dissent emerges in the country a political process in which organizations that began their work mainly in agro-ecological field have been incorporating a perspective to support women at the same time feminist organizations are incorporating agro-ecological initiatives. Key words: feminism, feminist methodology and agroecology.
Extreme Mechanics: Self-Folding Origami

Origami has emerged as a tool for designing three-dimensional structures from flat films. Because they can be fabricated by lithographic or roll-to-roll processing techniques, they have great potential for the manufacture of complicated geometries and devices. This article discusses the mechanics of origami and kirigami with a view toward understanding how to design self-folding origami structures. Whether an origami structure can be made to fold autonomously depends strongly on the geometry and kinematics of the origami fold pattern. This article collects some of the results on origami rigidity into a single framework, and discusses how these aspects affect the foldability of origami. Despite recent progress, most problems in origami and origami design remain completely open.
Patience as the rational foundation of sociotropic voting

Economic voting is one of the most important mechanisms on explaining voting behavior and on establishing the democratic accountability. However, people tend to use perceived national economic condition on evaluating the incumbent, which is known as sociotropic voting, instead of their pocketbook. Previous studies suggest both altruism and self-interested future expectation may help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, but empirical works have not yet found convincing evidence to prove or disprove the self-interested motivation. This article suggests that patience makes people discount less on the potential future influence of the current national economic change; if self-interest drives sociotropic voting, patient voters would be more sociotropic. Consistent with the hypothesis, individual-level data from 2014 Comparative Congressional Election Survey shows that patient voters rely more on the perceived national economic change to evaluate the incumbent and make vote choice. Limited evidence of the linkage between impatience and pocketbook voting among non-partisans, and on the country-level is also provided.
An effective-medium model for P-wave velocities of saturated, unconsolidated saline permafrost

ABSTRACTTo better understand the relationship between P-wave velocities and ice content in saturated, unconsolidated saline permafrost, we constructed an effective-medium model based upon ultrasonic P-wave data that were obtained from earlier laboratory studies. The model uses a two-end-member mixing approach in which an ice-filled, fully frozen end member and a water-filled, fully unfrozen end member are mixed together to form the effective medium of partially frozen sediments. This mixing approach has two key advantages: (1) It does not require parameter tuning of the mixing ratios, and (2) it inherently assumes mixed pore-scale distributions of ice that consist of frame-strengthening (i.e., cementing and/or load-bearing) ice and pore-filling ice. The model-predicted P-wave velocities agree well with our laboratory data, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model for quantitatively inferring ice content from P-wave velocities. The modeling workflow is simple and is largely free of calibration paramete...
Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer: are these tumors really benign?

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that the encapsulated form of follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (eFVPTC) behaves more similarly to benign lesions and can be treated with thyroid lobectomy alone instead of total thyroidectomy. To distinguish aggressive cancers from more benign lesions more clearly, the objective of this study was to determine if the eFVPTC behaves less aggressively than the nonencapsulated variant (neFVPTC). Methods A prospectively collected endocrine surgery database in our institution was reviewed for all patients with FVPTC on surgical pathology from 1999 to 2012. Samples were rereviewed to determine if the tumor was eFVPTC or neFVPTC, which were correlated with patient outcomes. Results Of the 68 patients, 59 (87%) had eFVPTC and 9 (13%) had neFVPTC. The mean age was 48 y and 63% were female. Fifty-four of 64 patients (84%) who had a total thyroidectomy received radioactive iodine. The eFVPTC group had lower rates of cervical LN involvement (5% versus 22%, P = 0.2504). The median follow-up time was 3 y (0-13 y) and only two patients had recurrence, one with eFVPTC and one with neFVPTC. None of the patients had distant metastasis or died of their disease. Conclusions eFVPTCs appear to have a lower rate of cervical lymph node metastases compared with neFVPTCs, but recurrent disease may be seen in both subtypes. These findings suggest eFVPTC can be managed more conservatively.
How Should a Law School's Religious Affiliation Matter in a Difficult Market?

For religiously affiliated law schools, a broad and deep understanding of professional formation should lie at the heart of our reason for being and should grow out of our own religious traditions, allowing us to educate the whole person. Articulating and cultivating this deeper understanding of professional formation is essential for deans of religiously affiliated law schools today as we seek to demonstrate the connection between our religious identity and the value proposition our schools offer to our current and prospective students.
On-Line Trajectory Encoding for Discrete-Observation Process Monitoring

Abstract Traditional process monitoring techniques are unable to utilize the delayed, infrequent, and sometimes uncertain information available in many complex industrial processes. This paper presents the trajectory encoding method for process monitoring that is specifically designed to handle this type of information. Using a behavioral model specification of the range of admissible dynamic behaviors, a graphical representation of the system trajectories consistent with the process data is constructed on line as observations are received from the process. The monitor reports when the observations are no longer consistent with the behavioral model specification, giving timely fault-detection information to the operator. This paper describes the elements of the trajectory encoding method and its application to computer-controlled industrial processes.
Diel Flight Activity and Intra-Plant Distribution of Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) Adults in Soybean

Abstract Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), the kudzu bug, is a soybean pest in the southeastern United States. Accidentally introduced into Georgia in 2009 from Asia, kudzu bug can reduce up to 60% of soybean yield when left uncontrolled. There is limited information on the life history of this invasive pest in soybean. The main goals of this research were to investigate the daily flight activity pattern and intra-plant distribution of kudzu bug adults in soybean. This was accomplished through experiments in two locations in North Carolina during 2013 in which dispersing adult kudzu bugs captured on white sticky cards between 0900–1700 h were counted hourly, and adults on plants were visually sampled between 0900–1200 h from soybean maturity group IV to VII plants. Adult captures on sticky cards were higher from 1300 to 1500 h across sampling dates, suggesting that dispersal or flight activity peaks during this interval. When soybean plants were visually inspected, most of the adults form...
Virtual Reality Training System for Anytime/Anywhere Acquisition of Surgical Skills: A Pilot Study

This article presents a hardware/software simulation environment suitable for anytime/anywhere surgical skills training. It blends the advantages of physical hardware and task analogs with the flexibility of virtual environments. This is further enhanced by a web-based implementation of training feedback accessible to both trainees and trainers. Our training system provides a self-paced and interactive means to attain proficiency in basic tasks that could potentially be applied across a spectrum of trainees from first responder field medical personnel to physicians. This results in a powerful training tool for surgical skills acquisition relevant to helping injured warfighters.
Examining internal and external job resources in child welfare: Protecting against caseworker burnout.

Abstract Given intense job demands, it is not surprising that job burnout is a consistent threat to the well-being and retention of the child welfare workforce. Guided by central postulates of the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model which suggests that job burnout develops because of experiences of high work demands coupled with low resources in the workplace, we applied a conceptual model of job burnout (client and work related) that accounts for both internal and external resources available to child welfare workers. Findings among child welfare caseworkers from three states (N = 1917) indicate that job demands (stress and time pressure) were positively related to client- and work-related burnout. Additionally, both internal and external resources moderated the relationships between job demands and client- and work-related burnout. Study findings have workforce management implications in the child welfare sector, including the role resources might play in mitigating the negative impact of job demands on burnout in the child welfare workforce.
Statistical Learning of Language

Statistical learning is a contributing process in language acquisition. The central notion behind statistical learning comes from a blend of older ideas from structural linguistic and nativist perspectives, namely, that the distributional characteristics of natural language reflect underlying linguistic structure and that the development of language requires learning. Where present-day theories of statistical learning diverge from previous perspectives is in the nature of the mechanisms hypothesized for language acquisition. This article outlines the fundamental challenge of language acquisition and reviews recent findings which suggest that infants (and adults) are able to track statistical information in linguistic input and that they may be able to use that information for phonetic acquisition, speech segmentation, word learning, and acquisition of simple grammatical structure. These statistical learning mechanisms appear to be both powerful and constrained, and they function across domains, modalities, and species.
SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION IN FOREST COVER DYNAMICS ALONG LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBLE REGION OF KARAKORAM HIGHWAY, PAKISTAN

Abstract. Forest Cover dynamics and its understanding is essential for a country’s social, environmental, and political engagements. This research provides a methodical approach for the assessment of forest cover along Karakoram Highway. It has great ecological and economic significance because it’s a part of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Landsat 4, 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI imagery for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2016 respectively were subjected to supervised classification in ArcMap 10.5 to identify forest change. The study area was categorized into five major land use land cover classes i.e., Forest, vegetation, urban, open land and snow cover. Results from post classification forest cover change maps illustrated notable decrease of almost 26 % forest cover over the time period of 26 years. The accuracy assessment revealed the kappa coefficients 083, 0.78, 0.77 and 0.85, respectively. Major reason for this change is an observed replacement of native forest cover with urban areas (12.5 %) and vegetation (18.6 %) However, there is no significant change in the reserved forests along the study area that contributes only 2.97 % of the total forest cover. The extensive forest degradation and risk prone topography of the region has increased the environmental risk of landslides. Hence, effective policies and forest management is needed to protect not only the environmental and aesthetic benefits of the forest cover but also to manage the disaster risks. Apart from the forest assessment, this research gives an insight of land cover dynamics, along with causes and consequences, thereby showing the forest degradation hotspots.
Beyond Institutional Betrayal: When the Professional Is Personal

Gerrity offers a personal reflection and an analysis of the institutional role of the American Psychological Association (APA) in US torture policy and its implementation. Providing an indictment of the APA’s betrayal of bedrock principles against psychological harm, and a personal meditation on the choices we face as individuals and members of institutions in standing against torture, Gerrity situates her analysis of the APA’s actions in a larger institutional context of psychological and medical professionals and organizations. Faced with the APA’s intransigence, she bears witness to the significance of alliances with survivors and other health professionals who refuse complicity with the security concerns of the state that, as her essay demonstrates, can lead so easily to specious justifications for torture and legitimations of the role of a range of professionals in its perpetration.
Residential Segregation: Sociological Aspects

Segregation refers to the differential location of social groups across categories of a social structure. By far the most studied kind of segregation involves the differential location of groups across neighborhoods of a city, a topic generally known as residential segregation. Ernest Burgess was the first to measure patterns and levels of residential segregation, but research on the topic expanded greatly after Otis and Beverly Duncan established a standard index in 1955. In 1988, Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton broadened their conceptualization and proposed measuring segregation in terms of five distinct dimensions of spatial variation: evenness, exposure, clustering, concentration, and centralization. In general, ethnic segregation ranges from low to moderate ranges in cities throughout the world, depending on the socioeconomic status and generational composition of the group involved. African Americans in the USA are uniquely segregated, however, displaying very high levels of segregation that do not vary with socioeconomic status. In a subset of US cities, African Americans are segregated across all dimensions of segregation simultaneously, an unusually severe form of exclusion that Massey and Denton have labeled hypersegregation. The systematic segregation of blacks in American society contributes forcefully to the perpetuation of their socioeconomic disadvantages.
Long-term management of adenomyosis with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report

Leuprolide acetate was used to produce a constant hypoestrogenic environment in a young patient with histologically confirmed adenomyosis. Conservative medical therapy was initiated because of the patient's complaint of severe dysmenorrhea coupled with her strong desire for uterine conservation. The initial daily subcutaneous dose was eventually converted to monthly intramuscular depot formulation for patient convenience. A dramatic therapeutic response was observed with each course of therapy. This included a marked reduction in uterine size, amenorrhea, and complete resolution of pelvic pain. Cyclic use of an OC agent following LA was associated with a return of symptoms and uterine growth. The patient did, in fact, conceive immediately on cessation of analogue therapy.
The Effects of Economic Policy on Patterns of Land Use

This chapter explores the variety of effects that economic policy has on land use patterns. Federal policies aimed at achieving economic growth, stability, economic welfare, and economic efficiency are outlined, and the unintended and instrumental impacts of these policies on land use patterns are identified. Several examples of federal policies are used to illustrate land use impacts: urban renewal, highway programs, Federally Assisted Code Enforcement, and monetary and fiscal policies. The chapter concludes by arguing that, regardless of whether economic policies generate significant instrumental or unintended land use impacts, the net result is an uncoordinated, contradictory, and poorly understood array of policies which shape the process and determine the patterns of land use.
Gerontological Social Work Roles in Disaster Preparedness and Response.

Dear Editor-in-Chief,While natural and manmade disasters have always existed, the increase in the frequency of disaster events, growing evidence that older adults are disproportionately negatively ...
Abstract 014: Betamethasone: A Novel Therapeutic Intervention for Preeclampsia

The early pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) involves a systemic inflammatory immune response. Recent data demonstrate that increased circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP) in humans is predictive o...
Ni Foam-Supported Fe-Doped β-Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets Show Ultralow Overpotential for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involves multiple electron-transfer processes, resulting in a high activation barrier. Developing catalysts with low overpotential and high intrinsic activity toward OER is critical but challenging. Here we report a major advancement in decreasing the overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction. Ni foam-supported Fe-doped β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets achieve an overpotential of 219 mV at the geometric current density of 10 mA cm–2. To our knowledge, this is the best value reported for Ni- or Fe hydroxide-based OER catalysts. In addition, the catalyst yields a current density of 6.25 mA cm–2 at the overpotential of 300 mV when it is normalized to the electrochemical surface area of the catalyst. This intrinsic catalytic activity is also better than the values reported for most state-of-the-art OER catalysts at the same overpotential.
Blockage of the serotonin transporter by fluoxetine is associated with inhibition of human melanoma invasion

1856 Fluoxetine (ProzacTM) is a commonly used antidepressant drug. It selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in neurons. The imaging agent, 5-iodo-2((2-((dimethylamino)methyl) phenyl)thio)-benzyl alcohol (IDAM), selectively binds to the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the cell membrane. We previously found that fluoxetine inhibited melanoma cell growth and metastastasis in vivo. In vitro the IC50 for fluoxetine is between 14-22 mM. Herein we evaluated the effect of fluoxetine on melanoma cell invasion and IDAM binding in the human melanoma cell lines, A375, Mewo and SB2. We found that all three melanoma cell lines specifically bound 125I labeled IDAM. The maximum binding (Bmax) ranged from 0.74 to 4.99 pmol/100,000 cells and the binding affinity (KD) ranged 10.6 to 38.7 nM. Fuoxetine competed for IDAM binding in the three melanoma cell lines and the IC50 ranged from 160 to 579 nM. Fluoxetine inhibited invasion of A375 melanoma at 1mM, which is ∼10-fold lower than the IC50 for growth inhibition. These data suggest that SERT is involved in inhibition of melanoma invasion. Moreover, the relative low concentration to inhibit melanoma invasion provides a strong rationale for using fluoxetine as part of a treatment regimen for melanoma patients.
The Leadership Portfolio Program at The University of Pittsburgh: Teaching leadership to graduate students1:

The Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh provides an extra-curricular leadership development experience called the Leadership Portfolio Program. The Leaders...
Minority Enrollment in Parkinson's Disease Clinical Trials: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Studies Evaluating Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.

BACKGROUND Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have historically enrolled a low number of underrepresented minorities, lessening the generalizability of therapeutic developments. Although there are racial disparities in PD, little is known regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms and other nonmotor manifestations across all races/ethnicities. OBJECTIVE To assess minority participation in PD trials evaluating the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and explore underlying reasons. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for RCTs with a primary goal of treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients from 2000-2019. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of being white and enrolled in a clinical trial was calculated using the inverse variance method. I-square was calculated as a measure of heterogeneity and meta-regression was used to evaluate temporal trends. RESULTS We included 63 RCTs with a total of 7,973 patients. In pooled analysis, 11 (17.5%) RCTs reported race/ethnicity. Of studies reporting this data, 5 African American (0.2%), 16 Hispanics (0.64%), and 539 Asians (21.44%) were enrolled. The pooled prevalence of being white in clinical trials was 98% (CI 0.97-0.98, p < 0.001), with 1,908 patients (75.8%). NIH-funded studies were most likely to report racial data when compared to non-NIH trials (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION This large pooled analysis found a small percentage of RCTs reporting race/ethnicity when evaluating treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD. There was a disproportionally high number of white patients when compared to African Americans and Hispanics. More studies are needed to investigate this discrepancy and improve rates of & minority enrollment in PD trials.
Evaluation of the TRxANSITION Index-Parent Version for Assessment of Readiness to Transition to Adult Care Among Youth with Chronic Conditions.

Abstract Purpose To develop and evaluate a parent-proxy measure of youth HCT readiness: the TRxANSITION Index–Parent Version. Design and methods We recruited parents (77% female) and youth (ages 12 to 25) to complete transition readiness measures during outpatient clinic visits. The TRxANSITION Index—Parent Version contains two domains: the Parent Knowledge Domain assessing a parent's knowledge of their youth's illness, and the Parent Proxy Domain, which provides a parental perspective regarding a youth's transition readiness skills. We evaluated the TRxANSITION Index – Parent Version for differences between parent and youth reports of HCT readiness, associations between parent's score and youth's characteristics, and item-category, item-sub-index, and sub-index category correlations. Results Data from 93 parents-youth dyads were analyzed. Parents scored significantly higher than youth in the Parent Knowledge Domain and similarly in the Parent Proxy Domain. Parents of daughters had significantly higher scores in the Parent Knowledge Domain than parents of sons and reported similar scores to Parents of sons in the Parent Proxy Domain. Only the self-management sub-index significantly correlated with youth's age. The sub-index-domain, item-sub-index, and item-domain correlations assessed were generally large in magnitude (r > 0.5). Conclusions The TRxANSITION Index–Parent Version shows promise as a means of assessing parent knowledge of a youth's illness and may provide an accurate proxy assessment of a youth HCT readiness skills. Practice implications Obtaining parental perspective on a youth's HCT readiness may provide useful clinical information during the transition process.
Human Fetal Liver Metabolism of Oxycodone Is Mediated by CYP3A7

Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that is commonly prescribed to pregnant women to treat moderate-to-severe pain. It has been shown to cross the placenta and distribute to the fetus. Oxycodone is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 in the adult liver. Since CYP3A7 is abundantly expressed in the fetal liver and has overlapping substrate specificity with CYP3A4, we hypothesized that the fetal liver may significantly limit fetal exposure to oxycodone. This study showed that oxycodone is metabolized by CYP3A7 to noroxycodone in fetal liver microsomes (FLMs). The measured CYP3A7 expression was 191–409 pmol/mg protein in 14 FLMs, and an intersystem extrapolation factor (ISEF) for CYP3A7 was 0.016–0.066 in the panel of fetal livers using 6β-OH-testosterone formation as the probe reaction. Noroxycodone formation in the fetal liver was predicted from formation rate by recombinant CYP3A7, CYP3A7 expression level and the established ISEF value with average fold error of 1.25. Based on the intrinsic clearance of oxycodone measured in FLM, the fetal hepatic clearance (CLh) at term was predicted to be 495 (range: 66.4–936) μL/min, a value that is > 99% lower than the predicted adult liver CLh. The predicted fetal hepatic extraction ratio was 0.0019 (range: 0.00003–0.0036). These results suggest that fetal liver metabolism does not quantitatively contribute to the total systemic clearance of oxycodone in pregnant women nor does it provide a barrier for limiting fetal exposure to oxycodone. Additionally, since CYP3A7 forms noroxycodone, an inactive metabolite, the metabolism in the fetal liver is unlikely to affect fetal opioid activity.
More than Risk? Longitudinal Changes in Friendship Support with Serious Adolescent Offenders

Research on the friendships of adolescents who offend has overwhelmingly focused on delinquency, despite developmental evidence that friendships are a large source of support for youth. In order to understand between- and within-individual differences in friendship support over time with adolescents who offend, the present study used multi-level modeling techniques on data from male youth in the Pathways to Desistance study. Participants were a racially and ethnically diverse (43% Black, 35% Hispanic, and 21% White) group of 1040 male youth adjudicated or convicted of serious offenses between age 14 and 18. Youth reported high levels of support, which modestly declined over time, and they reported less support from delinquent peers. Black and Hispanic youth reported higher levels of friendship support than White youth, but the trajectory of support did not statistically differ by race or ethnicity. The friendships of youth who commit serious offenses are nuanced relationships that should not be viewed dichotomously as delinquent or supportive.
Attacked and Shaken by a Dog: A Cause of Traumatic Brain and Carotid Injury in an Infant.

Background Posttraumatic carotid artery dissection (PTCAD) is a common injury in motor vehicle accidents and other extension and rotation injuries, but rarely developed from being shaken vigorously. Case description A 7-day-old infant presented to our facility after being attacked by a large dog. Initial examination revealed multiple puncture wounds and lacerations with visible dura. Head CT demonstrated subarachnoid, intraparenchymal, and epidural hemorrhages as well as left hemispheric loss of gray-white differentiation. Thus, the patient presented similarly to shaken baby syndrome (SBS). The patient was taken emergently to the operating room for hematoma evacuation and dural repair. Postoperatively, worsened left hemispheric ischemia was noted and an MRA demonstrated a Grade IV left ICA dissection. No intervention, including anticoagulation, was sought as the stroke was determined to be complete with irreversible damage. Hospital course was complicated by worsening exam, seizures, and a retinal hemorrhage. At 2 years follow-up, the patient still has notable delays but is progressing slowly through milestones. Conclusion Large animal attacks are a rare cause of PTCAD but may be due to the mechanism of shaking during the attack. We propose either CTA or MRA be considered as part of the initial workup in cases where an infant is attacked by a dog or other large animals, preventing delay of treatment.
Guide to Development and use of Electronic Computer Programs: Documentation

The paper deals with the necessity of having clear, concise, accurate, and sufficient documentation for electronic computer programs. The extent to which documentation should be prepared for various types of programs, and the manner in which such documentation should be presented are described. The individual parts which constitute a complete write-up for a computer program are also given.
Receptivity and Bypass Dynamics

Problems concerning laminar-turbulent transition are addressed by solving a series of initial value problems. Solutions to the temporal, initial-value problem with an inhomogeneous forcing term imposed upon the flow are sought. It is shown that: (1) A transient disturbance lying located outside of the boundary layer can lead to the growth of an unstable Tollmein-Schlicting wave; (2) A resonance with the continuous spectrum may provide a mechanism for bypass transition; and (3) The continuum modes of a disturbance feed directly into the Tollmein-Schlicting wave downstream through non-parallel effects.
The Relativistic Composite-Velocity Reciprocity Principle

Gyrogroup theory [A. A. Ungar, Found. Phys. 27, 881–951 (1997)] enables the study of the algebra of Einstein's addition to be guided by analogies shared with the algebra of vector addition. The capability of gyrogroup theory to capture analogies is demonstrated in this article by exposing the relativistic composite-velocity reciprocity principle. The breakdown of commutativity in the Einstein velocity addition ⊕ of relativistically admissible velocities seemingly gives rise to a corresponding breakdown of the relativistic composite-velocity reciprocity principle, since seemingly (i) on one hand, the velocity reciprocal to the composite velocity u⊕v is −(u⊕v) and (ii) on the other hand, it is (−v)⊕(−u). But (iii) −(u⊕v)≠(−v)⊕(−u). We remove the confusion in (i), (ii), and (iii) by employing the gyrocommutative gyrogroup structure of Einstein's addition and, subsequently, present the relativistic composite-velocity reciprocity principle with the Thomas rotation that it involves.
Unbalanced graph cuts

We introduce the Minimum-size bounded-capacity cut (MinSBCC) problem, in which we are given a graph with an identified source and seek to find a cut minimizing the number of nodes on the source side, subject to the constraint that its capacity not exceed a prescribed bound B. Besides being of interest in the study of graph cuts, this problem arises in many practical settings, such as in epidemiology, disaster control, military containment, as well as finding dense subgraphs and communities in graphs. In general, the MinSBCC problem is NP-complete. We present an efficient $(\frac{1}{{\rm \lambda}},\frac{1}{1-{\rm \lambda}})$-bicriteria approximation algorithm for any 0 < λ < 1; that is, the algorithm finds a cut of capacity at most $\frac{1}{{\rm \lambda}}B$, leaving at most $\frac{1}{1-{\rm \lambda}}$ times more vertices on the source side than the optimal solution with capacity B. In fact, the algorithm’s solution either violates the budget constraint, or exceeds the optimal number of source-side nodes, but not both. For graphs of bounded treewidth, we show that the problem with unit weight nodes can be solved optimally in polynomial time, and when the nodes have weights, approximated arbitrarily well by a PTAS.
Possible Applications of the Single Charge Tunneling

We have had a temptation to call this chapter traditionally, something like “Single-Electronic Devices”, but eventually decided to change the title. The reason is that the present-day applied physics literature is full of descriptions of various electronic “devices” which have no real chance to be used in practice, because their possible performance is inferior to that of commercially available devices. (Most amusing is that in most cases this comparison is never being made, with silent mutual understanding of the grim facts by the writing, reading, and possibly even financing parties). In some situations, this sort of research work is justified (provided that its authors do not depart too far from what Rolf Landauer calls the “truth in advertising” [1]). In fact, operation of many new “devices” involves very complex physics which sometimes can be studied in this way alone.
Is Political Education an Oxymoron? Hannah Arendt's Resistance to Public Spaces in Schools

Hannah Arendt’s model of “public space” probably entered the mainstream of educational theory with Maxine Greene’s Presidential speech, “Public Education and the Public Space,” at the 1982 American Educational Research Association convention. Although Greene did not then or in her other works on the public draw only from Arendt’s work, the particular version of the public that she developed is especially indebted to Arendt. As perhaps education’s best known living philosopher, Greene’s conceptualization of public spaces (explicitly or implicitly) has informed a range of scholarly projects. And while Arendt’s work has only recently had a more direct impact on education, outside of education it has become increasingly popular, generating “an academic cottage industry in Arendt studies.” Because in the past, figures who have risen to prominence elsewhere have often become important later on in education, interest in Arendt’s work will probably continue to grow in the field.
Control of an Axial Piston Pump using a Single-Stage Electrohydraulic Servovalve

Optimal control theory is applied to the design of a pressure regulator for an axial piston pump and single-stage electrohydraulic valve combination. The control valve has been modeled and an optimal control law has been formulated. The time response curves due to a step input in flow rate and in current input to the servovalve have been obtained for the open loop and for the optimal control system. The results have been compared to those in which the supply valve to the swashplate actuators was not modeled. Controlled system modeling of the servovalve significantly improves the system's response frequency and pressure peaks.
‘Euvoluntary’ Exchange and the ‘Difference Principle’

Takes up the problem of “truly voluntary” (euvoluntary) exchange argued in Munger (Social Philosophy and Policy, Summer 2011) and extends it to apply to the problem of inequality of income. In particular, it is argued that there exists a link between Rawls’ difference principle and Hayek’s conception of a safety net within an otherwise pure free market.
Understanding Inservice Science Teachers’ Needs for Professional Development

Prior research has mainly focused on what makes professional development effective from the program design perspective. However, there is a lack of understanding about what teachers need for improvement in the context of educational reforms and curricular changes. This study used the pedagogical content knowledge framework to examine teachers’ needs for professional development situated in specific science topics. Data were drawn from a total of 118 science teachers who participated in a professional development program over 3 years. First, this study identified a list of common science topics that teachers needed to improve in life science, physics science, and earth science. Also, teachers perceived the needs to improve teaching of certain topics for different reasons: themselves, students, and curricular changes. Moreover, data analysis showed that teachers needed improvement in multiple areas of pedagogical content knowledge: learners, instructional strategies, curriculum, and assessment. In particular, inquiry teaching was one of the greatest challenges for most teachers.
Mass Incarceration in Three Midwestern States: Origins and Trends

This Article considers how the mass incarceration story has played out over the past forty years in three medium-sized, Midwestern states, Indiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The three stories are similar in many respects, but notable differences are also apparent. For instance, Minnesota’s imprisonment rate is less than half that of the other two states, while Indiana imprisons more than twice as many drug offenders as either of its peers. The Article seeks to unpack these and other imprisonment trends and to relate them to crime and arrest data over time, focusing particularly on the relative importance of violent crime and drug enforcement as drivers of imprisonment growth.
Place a moratorium on the passage of sex offender residence restriction laws

D uring the past few decades, lawmakers have devoted increasing attention to policies aimed at managing sex offenders released to the community. Indeed, since 1994, all 50 states have enacted at least two pieces of legislation specific to sex offenders; at the minimum, each of the 50 states has established a sex offender registry and a community notification system in compliance with the Jacob Wetterling Act of 1994 and Megan’s Law of 1996, respectively (CSOM, 2008). Since this time, states have passed several other laws targeted at sex offenders. For example, some states require sex offenders to carry special identification cards, whereas other states have the authority to impose chemical castration (Mancini, 2009). Among the newest wave of sex offender policies to sweep the United States are residence restrictions. A recent analysis revealed that since 1999 more than half of all states have enacted a residence restriction law (Mancini, 2009). Residence restrictions come in different shapes (i.e., different “hot-spot” locations) and sizes (i.e., different “buffer zones”). A hot spot is a specific location that is restricted for sex offenders, and it typically is defined as a park, playground, daycare center, or school. A buffer zone is the exclusion perimeter that is established around identified hot spots. For example, a buffer zone of 500 feet means that sex offenders cannot reside within 500 feet of hot spots. Buffer zones can range from 500 feet to more than 5,000 feet depending on the state of interest (Mancini, 2009; Meloy, Miller, and Curtis, 2008). Despite variation in the scope of hot spots that can be included and the size of buffer zones that can be used, all residence restriction laws operate on the following underlying rationale: keeping a sex offender away from areas where children are
Predictors of Cooperation in Health Care Teams

Interdisciplinary teams are now common in many health care settings. Although there have been many studies on teams, there is no consistent empirical pattern regarding either team process or perfor...
Benchmarking business‐to‐business electronic commerce

The last decade of the twentieth century brought with it exponential growth of electronic commerce (EC). The growth of business‐to‐business (B2B) EC outpaced that of all other forms of EC. During roughly the same time period, benchmarking became an important approach for accessing organizational performance. Benchmarking is a methodology suitable for evaluating virtually any aspect of organizational performance in public or private organizations. In this manuscript B2B and benchmarking are discussed with the objective of developing directions for research and the application of B2B benchmarking. A framework for benchmarking B2B EC is proposed that describes five levels of benchmarking: independent B2B EC benchmarking, buyer‐seller (1:1) collaborative benchmarking, 1:M consortium benchmarking, 1:M:N collaborative benchmarking, and buyer‐intermediary benchmarking.
Putting a Loaf of Bread in Every Arm

This case study examines the phenomenal growth and evolution of the Panera Bread Company. The case will not only examine the history, strengths and weaknesses, and financial data of the company, but this case will also look at the birth and growth of the newly formed fast-casual dining restaurant segment. Throughout the case, questions will arise as Panera faces challenges in the growth and the operation of the business that will include such issues as management strategy, technology, and sociocultural factors within its consumer base.
Further Evaluation of the Accuracy of Managerial Prediction of Employee Preference

Previous research (i.e., Wilder, Rost, & McMahon, 2007) has suggested that managers perform poorly when predicting items and activities which their employees state that they might like to earn as part of performance improvement programs. The purpose of the current study was to replicate the earlier study conducted by Wilder et al. (2007) with a larger and more diverse sample of managers and employees. One hundred employees and 15 managers were asked to rank order a list of items/activities they thought their employees would most prefer to be incorporated into a performance improvement plan. Next, employee preference for these same items was directly assessed using an employee reinforcer survey. Kendall rank-order correlation coefficients were used to compare the results of the managerial rank with the employee reinforcer survey. Correlations ranged from −.6 to 1, with a mean of .25.
Determining wildfire ash saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity with laboratory and field methods

Abstract Post-fire landscapes are often blanketed with a layer of ash that is capable of altering post-fire infiltration response. Documentation of ash layer characteristics, specifically ash sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity, is instrumental to understanding and modeling post-fire environments and infiltration response. The aim of this study was to evaluate laboratory methodologies for determining ash hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity based on established methodologies from soil measurements. A series of field and laboratory tests were conducted on ash from 13 high severity wildfires within western North America to evaluate; i) a non-destructive method for the rapid assessment of saturated hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory, ii) a method for directly measuring ash sorptivity in the laboratory and iii) compare these laboratory methods, conducted on disturbed samples, to field measurements taken in-situ. The air permeametry method and the use of a sorptivity probe are viable methodologies for obtaining ash saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values respectively in the laboratory. Air permeametry was non-destructive, allowing ash samples to be further processed, while the sorptivity probe provided a direct measurement of sorptivity as values were collected with no gravitational component. Results were consistent between laboratory- and field-based methodologies, indicating that disturbed laboratory readings are a viable substitute for in-situ field measurements when pertaining to ash sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity. Both methodologies provide fundamental information regarding ash characteristics, which can be incorporated into modeling systems to aid in predicting post-fire infiltration response.
Price Sensitive Consumer Demands in Energy Modeling---A Quadratic Programming Approach to the Analysis of Some Federal Energy Agency Policies

A 21 sector input-output model of the 1972 U.S. economy is extended to include consumer demands, imports, and exports as endogenous variables, and used to analyze some consequences of the price control policy adopted to mitigate the impact of the quadrupling of world crude oil prices in 1973--1974. It is assumed that household consumption of goods is linearly related to prices. An equilibrium of the model economy is then computed by solving a quadratic program. It is shown that the price control policy is equivalent to subsidizing imported oil with revenues from a tax on domestic crude production. Equilibria are computed under this policy and in its absence. The comparison indicates the policy was effective in reducing the price index increase and GNP reduction that would otherwise have occurred, but at the cost of adversely affecting the balance of payments.
Design of Optimization of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell Using Numerical and Design of Experimental Approach

Design of optimization of thin film solar cell module based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) is investigated through a simulation model. At first, a numerical model which is equivalent to a practical cell module and represents one diode electrical circuit method is sought in FEA (Finite Element Analysis) and several parameters are adjusted. In FEA, the distribution of electric potential within each layer is shown with accordance to the given inputs. Next, to find the optimal design, four design variables (factors) which have three levels each are chosen and Design of Experimental (DOE) is performed so that the order of influences to performance is arranged. In DOE, a series of simulation follows the prepared orthogonal array, which is a sort of combinations by factors and levels, then analysis of variance (ANOVA) table is built up to screen unimportant design variables. Finally, the surface response function, which represents the relationship between important design variables and the purposed performance such as efficiency and fill factor (FF), is found and shown into equipotential graphs.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The effect of nitrogen and boron ion implantation on cyclic deformation response in Ti-24V alloy

Abstract The surface structure change and its effect on fatigue response produced by nitrogen and boron implantation were studied in a Ti-24V alloy where the composition is in approximate weight per cent. The surface structure change by ion implantation was identified using transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nitrogen and boron implantation produced irradiation defects as well as fine titanium nitride and titanium boride precipitates. A dense precipatation was found as a result of the boron implantation. Surface deformation and crack development features were altered at the implanted surface under strain-controlled fatigue conditions and hence changed the fatigue life. Nitrogen implantation slightly improved the strain-controlled fatigue life while boron implantation was detrimental. Both nitrogen implantation and boron implantation enhanced the stress-controlled fatigue life and limit. A particularly marked improvement was observed for boron implantation.