cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thrombus Burden Is Associated With Clinical Outcome After Intra-Arterial Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Studies have established a relation between recanalization and improved clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients; however, intra-arterial clot size has not been routinely assessed. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of intra-arterial thrombus burden on intra-arterial treatment (IAT) and clinical outcome. Methods— A retrospective review of our IAT stroke database included procedure time, recanalization, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥4 at discharge), and mortality. The modified Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction thrombus grade was dichotomized into grades 0 to 3 (no clot or moderate thrombus, 2 vessel diameters). Results— Data were collected on 135 patients with thrombus grading. The baseline median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in patients of grade 4 compared with grades 0 to 3 (19 vs 17, P=0.012). Grade 4 thrombi required l...
Capability-Based Primitives for Access Control in Object-Oriented Systems

Access control is the cornerstone of information security and integrity, but the semantic diversity of object models makes it difficult to provide a common foundation for access control in object-oriented systems. This paper presents a primitive capability-based access control architecture that can model a variety of authorization policies. The architecture described is integrated at the meta-object level of the Meta-Object Operating System Environment, providing a common foundation for access control in heterogeneous object models.
Proton Assisted Recoupling at High Spinning Frequencies

We demonstrate the successful application of 13 C- 13 C proton assisted recoupling (PAR) on [U- 13 C, 15 N] N-ƒ-MLF-OH and [U- 13 C, 15 N] protein GB1 at high magic angle spinning (MAS) frequencies (ωr/2π=65 kHz). Specifically, by combining PAR mixing with low power heteronuclear decoupling (ω1H/2π~16 kHz) and high spinning frequencies, we obtain high resolution 2D spectra displaying long range 13 C- 13 C contacts from which distances can be extracted. These experiments therefore demonstrate the possibility of performing high resolution structural studies in the limit of high spinning frequency and low power 1 H decoupling, a regime which optimizes resolution of protein samples and preserves their integrity.
Delayed rectifier currents in rat globus pallidus neurons are attributable to Kv2.1 and Kv3.1/3.2 K(+) channels.

The symptoms of Parkinson disease are thought to result in part from increased burst activity in globus pallidus neurons. To gain a better understanding of the factors governing this activity, we studied delayed rectifier K+ conductances in acutely isolated rat globus pallidus (GP) neurons, using whole-cell voltage-clamp and single-cell RT-PCR techniques. From a holding potential of −40 mV, depolarizing voltage steps in identified GP neurons evoked slowly inactivating K+ currents. Analysis of the tail currents revealed rapidly and slowly deactivating currents of similar amplitude. The fast component of the current deactivated with a time constant of 11.1 ± 0.8 msec at −40 mV and was blocked by micromolar concentrations of 4-AP and TEA ( K D ∼140 μm). The slow component of the current deactivated with a time constant of 89 ± 10 msec at −40 mV and was less sensitive to TEA ( K D = 0.8 mm) and 4-AP ( K D ∼6 mm). Organic antagonists of Kv1 family channels had little or no effect on somatic currents. These properties are consistent with the hypothesis that the rapidly deactivating current is attributable to Kv3.1/3.2 channels and the slowly deactivating current to Kv2.1-containing channels. Semiquantitative single-cell RT-PCR analysis of Kv3 and Kv2 family mRNAs supported this conclusion. An alteration in the balance of these two channel types could underlie the emergence of burst firing after dopamine-depleting lesions.
Robust CMOS Micromachined Inductors With Structure Supports for Gilbert Mixer Matching Circuits

In this brief, three novel structure supports for on-chip CMOS-based micromachined inductors are proposed to improve mechanical stability. The inductors are fabricated using a two-step maskless post-CMOS process. A 3-D electromagnetic inductor simulation model is established for performance analysis of the inductors before fabrication. The proposed inductors are applied in the matching network of the double-balanced Gilbert mixer to improve the performance and mechanical reliability for mobile communication. The mixers with and without micromachined process inductors are fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS process. The measurement results show an 18.6% increase in the conversion gain, a 31.7% improvement in the third intercept point (IIP3), and a 25.3% reduction in the noise figure.
Perforated punctal plug in the treatment of partial punctal stenosis.

Background Epiphora is a common finding among elderly patients. Common etiologies of epiphora include lid-globe appositional abnormalities, ocular surface disorders, and lacrimal excretory obstruction. Case report A patient reported with symptoms of unilateral, nonpainful epiphora. The cause was determined to be punctal stenosis and the patient was managed with a perforated punctal plug. Conclusion Punctal stenosis is one of several disorders that may cause a lacrimal excretory obstruction. Common methods of treatment include repeated dilation and irrigation, as well as various surgical procedures described in the literature. Eye care practitioners should be aware of the availability of perforated punctal plugs and their usefulness in treatment of the partially stenosed punctum.
Searching for robust minimal-order compensators

A method of designing a family of robust compensators is presented. Each compensator's transfer function is found using a genetic-algorithm search for numerator and denominator coefficients that minimize the probability of unsatisfactory stability and performance, subject to uncertainty in the real parameters of the plant. As the search progresses, probabilities are estimated by Monte Carlo evaluation of stability and performance criteria. The design procedure employs a sweep from the lowest feasible transfer-function order to higher order, terminating either when design goals have been achieved or when no further improvement is evident. The study illustrates the evolution of pole and zero locations as compensator order increases for a benchmark problem in which settling-time and control-usage performance criteria must be satisfied subject to minimum likelihood of instability. The method provides a means for estimating the best possible compensation of a given order based on repeated searches.
Temporal stability of antisocial personality disorder: blind follow-up study at 8 years.

The study objective was to examine the temporal stability of the antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) diagnosis based on whether specific antisocial symptoms were considered to be related to substance abuse. A total of 407 adults who were initially part of a family study of alcoholism and sociopathy were blindly reassessed an average of 8 years later, using the Home Environment and Lifetime Psychiatric Evaluation Record (HELPER) and basing diagnoses on the clinician's best final estimate using all sources of data. "Narrow" and "broad" ASPD diagnoses were made at both times based on whether individual symptoms were counted toward diagnosis if they occurred in the setting of significant substance abuse. kappa values varied from 0.31 to 0.68, with more restrictive methods of diagnosis being less stable. After deriving estimates of sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, the probability of being a "case" could be assigned based on the reported number of conduct problems occurring before age 15 as a clinical covariate for diagnosis. We conclude that diagnosing ASPD without attempting to attribute the cause of individual symptoms to substance abuse results in substantially greater temporal stability. Using a broader definition, the diagnosis of ASPD is highly sensitive (P = .97) and specific (q = 0.93). These findings may allow more accurate diagnosis of ASPD in drug-abusing individuals.
Attenuation of hen granulosa cell steroidogenesis by a phorbol ester and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol.

A series of studies was conducted to evaluate the effects of phorbol esters and a diacylglycerol analog on basal and hormonestimulated steroidogenesis in granulosa cells from the largest preovulatory follicle of the domestic hen. Agents that previously have been shown to activate protein kinase C, such as the tumorpromoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-hyristate 13-acetate (PMA), and the synthetic diacylglycerol analog, l-oleoyl-2acetylglycerol (OAG), suppressed luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced progesterone (PMA at levels of 10 and 100 ngltube; OAG at levels of 10 and 25 pgltube), and androgen (10 and 100 ng PMA; 25 pg OAG) production, but had no effect on basal levels of either steroid. Furthermore, PMA decreased the ability of vasoactive intestinal peptide to induce steroidogenesis, suggesting that protein kinase C activation may generally modulate the activity of hormones that act via the adenylyl cyclaselcyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) second messenger system. In further support of this proposal was the finding that PMA and OAG decreased the production of CAMP in response to LH, and attenuated the steroidogenic response in granulosa cells exposed to 10 mM 8-bromo-CAMP. By contrast, the induction of calcium mobilization using a calcium ionophore (A23187; 0.5-2.0 pM) stimulated progesterone and androgen production without increasing intracellular levels of CAMP, and this stimulato y effect on steroidogenesis was not inhibited by the presence of 100 ng PMA/tube. From these data, we suggest that the activation of protein kinase C in granulosa cells of the hen may provide a physiological mechanism by which receptor-mediated steroidogenesis, involving the adenylyl cyclase second messenger system, is modulated.
Diagnostic Considerations in the Measurement of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Aging Women

Background: Human chorionic gondadotropin (hCG) screening tests are performed on nearly all female patients of childbearing age before any medical intervention. Although older women usually have negative hCG test results, positive results do occur and may cause clinical confusion. We examined changes with age in serum hCG concentrations in nonpregnant women and investigated the use of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measurements as an aid to interpreting higher than expected (“positive”) hCG results. Methods: We used 240 serum specimens for each of 4 female cohorts: pregnant, ≥18 years; nonpregnant, 18–40 years (premenopausal); nonpregnant, 41–55 years (perimenopausal); and nonpregnant, >55 years (postmenopausal). Patients were excluded if they had an ectopic pregnancy, a history of trophoblastic disease or a germ-cell tumor, or if no chart was available for review. Quantitative hCG and FSH tests were performed on each specimen. Results: Serum hCG concentrations in nonpregnant women increased with the age of the women. hCG results were higher and significantly different ( P 55 years ( 40 years of age had hCG concentrations ≥5.0 IU/L, all with an FSH concentration >32.4 IU/L. The highest FSH concentration in pregnancy was 7.3 IU/L. Conclusions: Serum hCG increases with age in nonpregnant women. A cutoff of 14.0 IU/L should be used when interpreting hCG results in women >55 years of age. Pregnancy is unlikely in perimenopausal women 41–55 years of age with an hCG between 5.0 and 14.0 IU/L if serum FSH is >20.0 IU/L.
Utility of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplant

Cognitive impairment is common among patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). This study examined cognitive dysfunction in patients with ESLD using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Method 66 patients with ESLD awaiting liver transplant were recruited. Patients were evaluated with the RBANS, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results Patients with ESLD uniformly performed below expectations on all RBANS index scores compared to the healthy normative sample (all p's < .0001) and they also displayed a “subcortical” pattern of cognitive performance (p < .0001). Performances on RBANS attention, language, immediate memory, and total index scores were correlated with education and ethnicity (r's range = |.32–.57|; p's < .01). There was no association between performance on any of the RBANS index scores or subtests and ESLD patient characteristics. In summary, the RBANS appears to adequately characterize known patterns of cognitive dysfunction in ESLD patients.
SUBSTANCES AFFECTING ADULT TISSUE IN VITRO : I. THE STIMULATING ACTION OF TRYPSIN ON FRESH ADULT TISSUE.

1. The growth of fresh adult tissue in plasma medium suggested that plasma contained a substance active in overcoming the dormancy of adult tissues. 2. Incubation of adult chicken aorta in serum (from chickens or other species) before it was planted in a plasma medium, resulted in a much shorter lag period and a faster initial growth than that of control tissue incubated in Tyrode solution (or of fresh untreated tissue). In other words, serum helped overcome the dormancy of adult tissue while Tyrode solution preserved the tissue in a dormant state. This activity of serum was shown to be due neither to its albumin or globulin nor to its lipase or other enzymes. 3. The ultrafiltrate from serum was highly active in overcoming adult tissue dormancy, while the dialyzed residue was inactive. The ultrafiltrate was not species specific. It withstood 100°C. in neutral solution for 10 minutes, but not for 3 hours, and was destroyed at pH 2 and pH 12. It was active after 10 months in the ice box. It does not affect tissues in the cold. 4. Copper acetate precipitated a fraction from serum ultrafiltrate which, when freed from copper, was stimulating to the initial growth of adult aorta tissue. 5. Calcium chloride precipitated fractions from serum ultrafiltrate (and also from urine) which were stimulating. 6. Attempts to concentrate the A factor, the active agent, by vacuum evaporation and subsequent fractionation with different solvents were not satisfactory. 7. Lymph was highly stimulating and ventricular fluid slightly stimulating. 8. No growth was obtained in the absence of the A factor, but we doubt that it is alone responsible for overcoming the dormancy of adult tissue.
Engineering extracellular matrix structure in 3D multiphase tissues

In native tissues, microscale variations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure can drive different cellular behaviors. Although control over ECM structure could prove useful in tissue engineering and in studies of cellular behavior, isotropic 3D matrices poorly replicate variations in local microenvironments. In this paper, we demonstrate a method to engineer local variations in the density and size of collagen fibers throughout 3D tissues. The results showed that, in engineered multiphase tissues, the structures of collagen fibers in both the bulk ECM phases (as measured by mesh size and width of fibers) as well as at tissue interfaces (as measured by density of fibers and thickness of tissue interfaces) could be modulated by varying the collagen concentrations and gelling temperatures. As the method makes use of a previously published technique for tissue bonding, we also confirmed that significant adhesion strength at tissue interfaces was achieved under all conditions tested. Hence, this study demonstrates how collagen fiber structures can be engineered within all regions of a multiphase tissue scaffold by exploiting knowledge of collagen assembly, and presents an approach to engineer local collagen structure that complements methods such as flow alignment and electrospinning.
Compromised sensitivity to relative monetary reward in Current Cocaine Addiction: evidence from the P300

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we previously reported compromised neural sensitivity to monetary reward in cocaine-addicted individuals as compared to control subjects. In the current study, we sought to replicate this result using the event-related potential (ERP) recordings. Given the demonstration that the P3 waveform, previously implicated in valence processing, coded for monetary value in young healthy individuals, we currently examined this effect in 18 individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) and 18 age-matched control subjects. Monetary reward (0nsub, 1nsub and 45nsub) varied across blocks of trials. Results revealed that the P3 amplitude was significantly larger for 45nsub than the 0nsub condition in the control subjects, while this gradation was absent in the CUD individuals; the behavioral results paralleled these ERP results: only the control subjects adjusted speed of response to the high as compared to the no reward condition. In addition, the CUD subjects manifested significantly faster P3 waveforms than their control counterparts; this was associated with higher self-reported excitement for the task. These current ERP results confirm our previous fMRI results and suggest a compromised neuronal sensitivity to the relative value of a secondary reward in current CUD individuals; this impairment may be translated into impulsivity or an inability to use subjective motivation to guide behavior.
Phenazine antibiotic inspired discovery of potent bromophenazine antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Nearly all clinically used antibiotics have been (1) discovered from microorganisms (2) using phenotype screens to identify inhibitors of bacterial growth. The effectiveness of these antibiotics is attributed to their endogenous roles as bacterial warfare agents against competing microorganisms. Unfortunately, every class of clinically used antibiotic has been met with drug resistant bacteria. In fact, the emergence of resistant bacterial infections coupled to the dismal pipeline of new antibacterial agents has resulted in a global health care crisis. There is an urgent need for innovative antibacterial strategies and treatment options to effectively combat drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Here, we describe the implementation of a Pseudomonas competition strategy, using redox-active phenazines, to identify novel antibacterial leads against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this report, we describe the chemical synthesis and evaluation of a diverse 27-membered phenazine library. Using this microbial warfare inspired approach, we have identified several bromophenazines with potent antibacterial activities against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The most potent bromophenazine analogue from this focused library demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78–1.56 μM, or 0.31–0.62 μg mL−1, against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and proved to be 32- to 64-fold more potent than the phenazine antibiotic pyocyanin in head-to-head MIC experiments. In addition to the discovery of potent antibacterial agents against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, we also report a detailed structure–activity relationship for this class of bromophenazine small molecules.
15‐month‐olds’ transfer of learning between touch screen and real‐world displays: language cues and cognitive loads

Infants have difficulty transferring information between 2D and 3D sources. The current study extends Zack, Barr, Gerhardstein, Dickerson & Meltzoff's (2009) touch screen imitation task to examine whether the addition of specific language cues significantly facilitates 15-month-olds' transfer of learning between touch screens and real-world 3D objects. The addition of two kinds of linguistic cues (object label plus verb or nonsense name) did not elevate action imitation significantly above levels observed when such language cues were not used. Language cues hindered infants' performance in the 3D→2D direction of transfer, but only for the object label plus verb condition. The lack of a facilitative effect of language is discussed in terms of competing cognitive loads imposed by conjointly transferring information across dimensions and processing linguistic cues in an action imitation task at this age.
The adaptive decision maker: Contingencies in decision making

Introduction By now, our basic premise is apparent: Individuals display a great deal of flexibility in making decisions. In their highly influential review of behavioral decision theory, Einhorn and Hogarth (1981) noted that “the most important empirical results in the period under review have shown the sensitivity of judgment and choice to seemingly minor changes in tasks” (p. 61). More than a decade of research since Einhorn and Hogarth's review has strongly reaffirmed that information processing in decision making, as in other areas of cognition, is highly contingent on the demands of the task. The same individual will use many different kinds of strategies in making a decision, contingent upon such factors as how information is displayed, the nature of the response, and the complexity of the problem. This chapter has two purposes. First, we briefly define a number of decision strategies that have been proposed to describe judgment and choice. Second, we review the research showing the impact of different task and context variables on the use of decision strategies by an individual. Before we review the literature, several aspects of our point of view need to be made explicit. First, in order to keep the scope of the chapter manageable, we focus on preferential decisions; inferences and forecasts receive much more limited attention. Preferential decision problems are typically described using three basic components: (1) the alternatives available to the decision maker; (2) events or contingencies that relate actions to outcomes, as well as the associated probabilities of those events; and (3) the values associated with the outcomes.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, cholecystokinin, and secretin effects on insulin and glucagon secretion by islet cultures.

SummaryUsing an in vitro islet cell culture assay system, GIP and CCK-OP appear to be about equally potent insulinotropic agents. Secretin has only a very slight stimulatory effect on insulin release, and only at a very high peptide concentration. Furthermore, GIP plus CCK-OP and GIP plus secretin appear to have synergistic insulinogenic actions. If supraphysiologic GIP concentrations are tested, glucose is not necessary at an insulin stimulatory concentration for GIP to stimulate insulin secretion.Glucagon release is enhanced only by GIP at physiologic peptide concentrations. Both secretin and CCK-OP have only very slight glucagonotropic actions even at high concentrations.
Nosocomial Infections with Gentamicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Plasmid Analysis as an Epidemiologic Tool

Infection with strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin (SARG) was identified in 22 infants in the high-risk nursery of a municipal hospital during the period October 1, 1976-August 31, 1977; no infections with SARG had previously been encountered. Infection with SARG also occurred in 20 adults on the medical and surgical services and in 12 patients in the burn unit. Patients infected with SARG more frequently had been treated with gentamicin and had been hospitalized longer prior to infection than patients infected with strains of S. aureus susceptible to gentamicin. However, sites of infection, hospital service involved, and the death rates during hospitalization were similar for the two groups. Isolates of two different phage types had the same pattern of antibiotic resistance. Five representative isolates (two phage types) were analyzed for plasmid content, and their plasmids were analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion. Two isolates contained identical plasmids, and EcoRI restriction endonuclease fragments appeared to be common between plasmids of isolates from patients on different services at different times. Thus, spread of resistance probably involved both dissemination of a single plasmid among different isolates and spread of multiple plasmids containing the same type of resistance determinants.
Streaming balanced graph partitioning algorithms for random graphs

With recent advances in storage technology, it is now possible to store the vast amounts of data generated by cloud computing applications. The sheer size of 'big data' motivates the need for streaming algorithms that can compute approximate solutions without full random access to all of the data.In this paper, we consider the problem of loading a graph onto a distributed cluster with the goal of optimizing later computation. We model this as computing an approximately balanced k-partitioning of a graph in a streaming fashion with only one pass over the data. We give lower bounds on this problem, showing that no algorithm can obtain an o(n) approximation with a random or adversarial stream ordering. We analyze two variants of a randomized greedy algorithm (looking at the distribution of edges from the vertex to be assigned, one prefers the partition that is the arg max and one that assigns the vertex proportional to the edge distribution) on random graphs with embedded balanced k-cuts and are able to theoretically bound the performance of each algorithms - the arg max algorithm is able to recover the embedded k-cut while the proportional variant can not. This matches the experimental results in [30].
Characterizing Protein Folding Transition States Using Ψ-Analysis

We discuss the implementation of Psi-analysis for the structural characterization of protein folding transition states. In Psi-analysis, engineered bi-histidine metal ion binding sites are introduced at surface positions to stabilize secondary and tertiary structures. The addition of metal ions stabilizes the interaction between the two known histidines in a continuous fashion. Measuring the ratio of transition state stabilization to that of the native state provides information about the presence of the metal binding site in the transition state. Psi-Analysis uses noninvasive surface mutations and does not require specialized equipment, so it can be readily applied to characterize the folding of many proteins. As a result, this method can provide a wealth of high-resolution quantitative data for comparison with theoretical folding simulations. Additionally, investigations of other biological processes also may utilize metal binding sites and Psi-analysis to detect conformational events during catalysis, assembly, and function.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting During Acute Coronary Syndrome: Outcomes and Comparison of Off-Pump to Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting at a Veteran Affairs Hospital.

ObjectiveThe management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has evolved dramatically over the last 50 years. Currently, management includes a multidisciplinary approach potentially including catheter-...
Tree search for digital fingerprinting

In this work we consider the application of tree codes in designing digital fingerprinting schemes under collusion attacks. Our setting is the Boneh-Shaw's marking assumption which is a common model for software fingerprinting. In a previous work we studied minimum distance decoding for the problem and proposed a low complexity scheme capable of catching one pirate for a coalition size equal to 2. The previous contribution was not extendable to the case of larger coalition sizes. In this paper we extend our work on designing low complexity fingerprinting schemes to the general case of arbitrary coalition sizes. Moreover, here we aim to identify the whole coalition instead of just one colluder. In order to do so we assume that the attack is fair the validity of which hinges on the fact that all pirates in the coalition will want to take the same chance of being caught as others. The decoding is done by searching for a coalition which satisfies the marking assumption sequentially on the Cartesian product of the tree code with its replicas. Using a random coding argument, the decoder's cutoff rate is characterized for a general t. Average error probability for the random ensemble is also proved to be vanishing for rates less than the cutoff rate. Finally, using an expurgation argument we establish the existence of a tree code with vanishing error probability and finite complexity. Using explicit constructions we obtain vanishing probabilities of decoding failure with linear complexity at rates 1/8 and 1/40 when t = 2 and t = 3 respectively. Our results are the first of its kind in the design of low complexity fingerprinting schemes for a general t.
Astronomy and Andromeda at the Close of the Twentieth Century

Astronomy is a revolutionary science. The Copernican Revolution changed how humans saw the universe. So did the telescope, as did the invention of astrophotography and spectroscopy in the nineteenth century. Hubble’s calculations of distance expanded the dimensions of the universe, Einstein’s special theory of relativity decentralized it, and Lemaitre’s primordial atom gave it a new origin. Astronomy after World War II inherited all of these revolutions. By the later 1940s and early 1950s the universe was one created by the Big Bang, constantly expanding, billions of light-years in age and dimensions, and full of countless stars and galaxies beyond the Milky Way.
Predictive Big Data Analytics and Cyber Physical Systems for TES Systems

In today’s competitive business environment, companies are facing challenges in dealing with big data issues for rapid decision making for improved productivity. Many manufacturing systems are not ready to manage big data due to the lack of smart analytics tools. U.S. has been driving the Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), Industrial Internet to advance future manufacturing. Germany is leading a transformation toward 4th Generation Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) based on Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS). It is clear that as more predictive analytics software and embedded IoT are integrated in industrial products and systems, predictive technologies can further intertwine intelligent algorithms with electronics and tether-free intelligence to predict product performance degradation and autonomously manage and optimize product service needs. The book chapter will address the trends of predictive big data analytics and CPS for future industrial TES systems. First, industrial big data issues in TES will be addressed. Second, predictive analytics and Cyber-Physical System (CPS) enabled product manufacturing and services will be introduced. Third, advanced predictive analytics technologies for smart maintenance and TES with case studies will be presented. Finally, future trends of digital twin industrial systems will be presented.
Toward fully monolithic 1550-nm lasers on silicon by direct hetero-epitaxy growth on patterned substrates

We demonstrate diode rectifying behavior of 1550-nm laser structures on exact-oriented (001) silicon substrates after coalescence of densely-packed, smooth, highly crystalline, and millimeter-long indium phosphide nanowires grown by MOCVD using aspect-ratio-trapping and selective area growth.
Insomnia moderates the association between alcohol use and consequences among young adult veterans

Abstract Objective Symptoms of insomnia and heavy alcohol use tend to co-occur among military and veteran samples. The current study examined insomnia as a moderator of the association between alcohol use and related consequences among young adult veterans in an effort to extend and replicate findings observed in samples of civilian young adults. Method Young adult veterans (N = 622; 83% male; age M = 29.0, SD = 3.4) reporting alcohol use in the past year completed measures of insomnia severity, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences as part of a larger intervention trial. Participants were classified as screening ‘positive’ (n = 383, 62%) or ‘negative’ (n = 239, 38%) for insomnia using the Insomnia Severity Index. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the interaction between drinking quantity and insomnia on alcohol-related consequences. Predictor and outcome variables were measured concurrently. Results Both a greater number of drinks per week and a positive insomnia screen were associated with more alcohol-related consequences. Drinks per week and insomnia screen interacted to predict alcohol-related consequences, such that the effect of drinking on alcohol-related consequences was stronger in the context of a positive versus negative insomnia screen. Conclusion Drinking is associated with more alcohol-related consequences in the presence of clinically significant insomnia symptoms. These findings replicate those documented in civilian young adults and indicate that insomnia may be an appropriate target for alcohol prevention and intervention efforts among young adult veterans.
Estimating the Velocity and Transport of Western Boundary Current Systems: A Case Study of the East Australian Current near Brisbane

AbstractWestern boundary currents (WBCs) are highly variable narrow meandering jets, making assessment of their volume transports a complex task. The required high-resolution temporal and spatial m...
Abstract 15637: Elective Admissions for Congestive Heart Failure Are Associated With Higher Inpatient Mortality and Hospital Costs, a Nationwide Analysis Using the National Inpatient Database of 2013

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions and readmissions in the United States. The majority of patients with CHF who visit the emergency d...
Viewpoint: Are We Serious About Teaching Professionalism in Medicine?

Abstract Medical professionalism is an increasingly common topic of discussion in the medical education literature. Much of the recent literature on this subject addresses areas of weakness in the educational curricula of medical schools and residency programs. But students are living a world in which professional behavior is being redefined, often in ways that run contrary to the medical education curriculum. This article outlines three fundamental challenges that powerfully affect the ability to promote professionalism in students and young physicians. To overcome these challenges, the author suggests four steps that can be taken in the medical education community. First, medical schools should address cost and access to care as first-order intellectual problems and should encourage research programs in these areas. Second, schools should develop programs to humanize science and restore scientific integrity beyond the requirements of compliance programs. Next, medical school leaders should celebrate those who best embody moral leadership in the profession. Finally, the medical education community should acknowledge that the availability of affordable health care to the public depends on the practice choices of medical school graduates and should accept greater responsibility for this outcome.
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Cerebral Ischemia

Cerebral ischemia and infarction result from impaired perfusion of brain tissue. Cellular homeostasis is disrupted by a variety of factors, one of which is deacylation of phospholipid membranes resulting in generation of arachidonic acid (AA) and its proaggregatory and vasoconstrictive metabolites, prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Our interest in AA metabolism in cerebral ischemia has developed from our studies of platelet-vessel wall interactions in the deendothelialized rabbit aorta. We have used this model, along with in vitro studies of platelet aggregation, to investigate pharmacological inhibition of AA metabolism. This paper will review our earlier work and give the results of experiments using 1-benzylimidazole (1-BI), a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthase, in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia.
Generative Models and Probability Evaluation for Forensic Evidence

Generative approaches to pattern recognition and machine learning involve two aparts: first describing the underlying probability distributions and then using such models to compute probabilities or make classificatory decisions. We consider generative models for forensic evidence where the goal is to describe the distributions using graphical models and to use such models to compute probabilistic metrics for measuring the degree of individuality of a forensic modality or of a piece of evidence. The metrics are defined as variations of the probability of random correspondence (PRC) when evidence consists of a set of measurements and correspondence is within a tolerance. Three metrics are defined, the first two of which concern the modality and the third concerns evidence: 1) PRC of two samples, 2) PRC among a random set of n samples (nPRC), and 3) PRC between a specific sample among n others (specific nPRC). Computation of these probabilities are described using graphical models which makes all the variables explicit. The metrics are evaluated for several cases—some of which are illustrative (birthdays and heights) and others concern fingerprints. For birthdays, which are discrete-valued and exact, assuming uniformly distributed birthdays, while nPRC rapidly approaches unity with higher n (which is the well-known birthday paradox), specific nPRC grows much less rapidly. For human heights, which are continuous-valued scalars, a quantization is needed and results are gender-specific: assuming Gaussian distributed heights, the PRC for males is higher than for females due to lower variance. Two forms of fingerprint representation are considered: ridge flow and minutiae. Gaussian mixtures are used to model location and orientation of minutiae. With parameters estimated from standard databases (using expectation maximization), fingerprint PRCs are determined for given numbers of available and matching minutiae (which correspond to quantization), for the case of 36 available minutiae where 24 of them match, the PRC is 4.0 × 10−34. The methodology put forward should be value to establish the relative value of different types of forensic evidence in courtroom scenarios.
A 12nm FinFET Technology Featuring 2nd Generation FinFET for Low Power and High Performance Applications

We present a state-of-art 12LP FinFET technology with PPA (Performance, Power, and Area) improvement over 14LPP. 12LP enables >10% area reduction including a 7.5T library and 16% power reduction at fixed frequency or a 15% performance improvement at given leakage over 14LPP with comparable reliability and yield. In addition, SRAMs benefit from a 30% leakage reduction at the same Iread. 12LP extends the 14nm technology with compelling performance and area scaling.
A Self-Propelled Mechanism to Increase Range of Bistable Operation of a Piezoelectric Cantilever-Based Vibration Energy Harvester

In our previous works, we presented a method to increase the harvested energy from vibrations using a piezoelectric cantilever and to increase the frequency range of operation by introducing bistability with the use of magnetic repulsion. However, for small excitations, the cantilever may not be able to overcome the magnetic repulsive force but vibrate at one of its two equilibrium positions with reduced amplitude. This work introduces a method of increasing the range of excitations over which the operation remains bistable. This is achieved by spring loading one of the magnets, previously on a fixed support, allowing motion in one dimension only, toward and away from the cantilever in the horizontal plane. Configured so, as the cantilever moves toward this magnet, the repulsion due to the cantilever-mounted magnet pushes the spring-loaded magnet away, increasing distance, and thus, reducing magnetic force between them, required to be overcome by external excitations for bistable operation. Similarly, as the cantilever moves away, the spring pushes the magnet closer to the cantilever-mounted magnet, increasing vibration amplitude. Thus, the spring introduces a negative feedback which favors bistable operation over an increased range of excitations. This completely mechanical method requires no additional energy cost. Peak power gains of up to 90 and a decrease in excitation voltage of up to 60% were observed over the fixed magnet.
A shock tube study of n-heptane, iso-octane, n-dodecane and iso-octane/n-dodecane blends oxidation at elevated pressures and intermediate temperatures

Abstract Ignition delay times (IDT) of n-heptane, iso-octane, n-dodecane, and iso-octane/n-dodecane blends, in stoichiometric mixtures with air, were measured behind reflected shock waves in a heated, high-pressure shock tube. Measurements were taken at temperatures of 665–1250 K, pressures of 28–70 atm, and equivalence ratios near unity. Pressure time-history recorded from sidewall piezo-electric transducers, fuel-concentration time-history obtained from fixed-wavelength laser absorption at 3.39 µm, and OH∗ (306 nm) emission time-history recorded by a Si detector, were used to determine IDT. The staged ignition phenomenon in the low temperature regime was also examined with attention on the 1st stage fuel decomposition fraction. IDT measurements were also made using the constrained-reactive-volume strategy, which has the capability to eliminate non-ideal effects such as remote ignition, and were compared with measurements using a conventional filling technique. The current measurements provide a wide range (28–70 atm) of ignition delay times for key surrogate fuels under practical engine conditions, and hence provide validation targets for refinement of chemical kinetic models.
Computer-Aided Laser Interferometry for Fracture Testing

The fracture process in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete, rocks, and ceramics is characterized by localized cracking and an R-curve type of behavior due to the fracture process zone. Accurate estimation of materials toughness can be determined only if the exact crack-tip location is known and the influence of the process zone can be measured. In the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of steel bridges, the location of cracks is a difficult problem, particularly due to lack of accessibility and due to the sheer size and number of the bridges that require inspection. Adequate tools for nondestructive inspection are therefore needed. In recent years, laser interferometry techniques have proven to be major assets in accomplishing these tasks. Image analysis systems have removed the need for chemical processing, and optical data can be processed in real time by personal computers. These advances have led to new uses for laser techniques both for locating fractures and for assessing fracture parameters of materials.
Physical-Layer Security

This chapter is devoted to the physical-layer security. The chapter starts with discussion on security issues, followed by the introduction of information-theoretic security, and comparison against the computational security. In the same section, various information-theoretic security measures are introduced, including strong secrecy and weak secrecy conditions. After that, the Wyner’s wiretap channel model, also known as the degraded wiretap channel model, is introduced. In the same section, the concept of secrecy capacity is introduced as well as the nested wiretap coding. Further, the broadcast channel with confidential messages is introduced, and the secrecy capacity definition is generalized. The focus is then moved to the secret-key generation (agreement), the source and channel-type models are introduced, and corresponding secret-key generation protocols are described. The next section is devoted to the coding for the physical-layer security systems, including both coding for weak and strong secrecy systems. Regarding the coding for weak secrecy systems, the special attention is devoted to two-edge-type LDPC coding, punctured LDPC coding, and polar codes. Regarding the coding for strong secrecy systems, the focus is on coset coding with dual of LDPC codes and hash functions/extractor-based coding. The attention is then moved to information reconciliation and privacy amplification. In wireless channels physical-layer security (PLS) section, the following topics are covered: MIMO fundamentals, wireless MIMO PLS, and secret-key generation in wireless networks. In the section on optical channels PLS, both PLS for spatial division multiplexing (SDM)-fiber-based systems and free-space optical (FSO) systems are discussed.
A Multistep Inquiry Approach to Improve Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Conceptual Understanding.

A quasi-experimental control group pre- and post-test study was used to determine the effect of a Multi-Step Inquiry (MSI) approach on pre-service elementary school teacher’s conceptual understanding. The MSI study involved the development of a conceptual workbook, and a Physical Science Concept Inventory. The conceptual workbook has activities that explicitly target students’ misconceptions in physical science. The inventory has three categories: forces and motion, heat and temperature, and electricity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the data. Independent t-tests were used to compare the experimental and comparison groups. Further, Cohen’s d and Hake’s g effect sizes were used to determine the effectiveness of MSI. Results indicated that the MSI approach as an effective teaching strategy for conceptual understanding. As such, the authors have made recommendations for both research and teaching.
Differential of the nutritional index before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as a prognostic factor of recurrence in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum

Abstract Background The Nutritional Prognostic Index (INP) is a nutritional and immunological marker. The difference between concomitant pre and post chemoradiotherapy INP and its impact as a prognostic factor for recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. With the aim of providing greater evidence of the recurrent prognostic role of the differential of the pre and post INP in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma we carried out the present study. Methods Of the total of 206 patients, 74 patients were excluded. The analysis included 132 patients. INP formula: 10 * serum albumin (g / dL) + 0.005 * total lymphocyte count (per mm3). The INP values were determined in 2 points: before QT/RTneoadjuvant (preQT/RT INP ) and after the neoadjuvant QT/RT termination, (postQT/RT PNI). The difference in INP (dINP) was calculated with the formula: preQT/RT INP - postQT/RT INP. Results Table . 546P Univariate and multivariate analysis Univariate Multivariate Factor P HR IC 95% P Gender 0.376 1.409 0.657 – 3.02 0.378 Age 0.037 0.969 0.940 – 0.998 0.039 body mass index 0.075 0.634 0.382 – 1.052 0.078 Degree Differentiation 0.356 1.179 0.697 – 2.02 0.550 ypT 0.152 1.1 0.646 – 1.92 0.697 ypN 0.102 1.28 0.947 – 1.75 0.106 Diferencial INP 0.121 1.42 0.906 – 2.23 0.126 ECOG 0.008 3.4 1.26 – 9.6 0.016 In the Kaplan and meier analysis, recurrence free survival (SLR) was P = 0.03. Independent factors for recurrence were age and ECOG (95% CI 0.940 – 0.998¸ P = 0.037, HR 3.4 95% IC 1.26 – 9.6, P = 0.016). Our findings showed a better SLR in the low dINP subgroup, so we took it as a cutoff 5. Patients who presented a dINP less than 5, have a better SLR in relation to those who have a dINP > 5. P = 0.013. Conclusions The difference less than 5 between the nutritional index before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum is associated with an increase in SLR as an independent predictor of recurrence. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Metaphorical Frameworks for Reframing Christian Academic Praxis: On Gardens and Cathedrals

This reflective essay addresses the use of metaphors as a creative framework through which Christian academics can change the lens for viewing our practices. Academics strive to demonstrate creativ...