cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of myocardial ischemia immediately after coronary revascularization using radial arterial conduits.

Abstract Objective: To assess the incidence of myocardial ischemia in patients receiving radial arterial and left internal thoracic arterial conduits (RA+LITA) during the postrevascularization period. Design: Nonrandomized observational sequential cohort. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Thirty adult patients, scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery with RA+LITA, compared with 30 patients who received saphenous vein graft and left internal thoracic arterial conduits. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Myocardial ischemic episodes were defined as reversible ST-segment depressions or elevations ≥1 mm and ≥2 mm at J +60 msec and lasting ≥1 minute using 2-channel Holter monitoring. During the post-cardiopulmonary bypass period, a significantly higher number of patients with ≥2 mm ischemic episodes (21.7%; p = 0.015) and higher number of ≥2 mm ischemic episodes per hour (0.19 ± 0.4 episodes/hr; p = 0.03) were observed in the radial artery group versus the comparison group (0% of patients and 0 episodes/hr). During the postoperative period (24 hours), a significantly longer duration of ≥2 mm ischemic episodes was observed in the radial artery group (24 ± 33 minutes v 8.4 ± 21 minutes; p = 0.046). Radial artery graft, preoperative calcium antagonists, and pulmonary arterial mean pressure were independent predictors of the duration and area under the ST-segment curve of ≥2 mm ischemic episodes during the postoperative period. Conclusion: There is an association between the use of the radial artery graft and the incidence and severity of ≥2 mm postrevascularization ischemic episodes. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
The characteristics and stock-market performance of international joint ventures located in three host-country groups: An extension and empirical validation

Abstract In a well-known study of joint venture (JV) characteristics, Beamish (1985) compared the attributes and performance of JVs located in developed and developing countries. This study advances Beamish's (1985) work by circumventing some of its key limitations. It compares the structure and stock-market performance of two-party equity JVs across three host-country groups: (i) developed countries, (ii) newly industrialized countries, and (iii) developing countries (including Emerging markets and transition economies). Based on a cross-sectional sample of nearly 1100 JVs involving American firms and non-American partners, this study finds that JV characteristics diverge as well as converge vis-a-vis three host-country groups. Interestingly—unlike Beamish (1985) —differences in JV configurations across these groups do not result in differences in abnormal returns to American parents. However, some JV characteristics consistently influence firms’ shareholder value (albeit sometimes in opposite directions) whereas the valuation impact of other characteristics depends upon a particular host-country group.
Non-directivity in Client-Centered Therapy / Nicht-Direktivität in der Klientenzentrierten Therapie La no directividad en la terapia centrada en la persona

Abstract In this paper I present explanations and rationales for non-directivity as an attitude inherent in client-centered therapy theory and try to show this is what Rogers intended and practiced. I discuss reasons for making the non-directive attitude explicit. I point out some false claims made by experiential process-directive therapists, some problems client-centered therapists consider intrinsic to process-directivity and some concerns with research. I also discuss some behavioral implications of the non-directive attitude. My overall aim is to encourage therapists to reconsider directive practices or at least become more knowledgeable and inclusive about client-centered therapy and its non-directive attitude when educating therapists.
Development of an aluminum nitride-silicon carbide material set for high-temperature sensor applications

A number of important energy and defense-related applications would benefit from sensors capable of withstanding extreme temperatures (>300°C). Examples include sensors for automobile engines, gas turbines, nuclear and coal power plants, and petroleum and geothermal well drilling. Military applications, such as hypersonic flight research, would also benefit from sensors capable of 1000°C. Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been recognized as a promising material for harsh environment sensors and electronics because it has the highest mechanical strength of semiconductors with the exception of diamond and its upper temperature limit exceeds 2500°C, where it sublimates rather than melts. Yet today, many advanced SiC MEMS are limited to lower temperatures because they are made from SiC films deposited on silicon wafers. Other limitations arise from sensor transduction by measuring changes in capacitance or resistance, which require biasing or modulation schemes that can with- stand elevated temperatures. We are circumventing these issues by developing sensing structures directly on SiC wafers using SiC and piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films. SiC and AlN are a promising material combination due to their high thermal, electrical, and mechanical strength and closely matched coefficients of thermal expansion. AlN is also a non-ferroelectric piezoelectric material, enabling piezoelectric transduction at temperatures exceeding 1000°C. In this paper, the challenges of incorporating these two materials into a compatible MEMS fabrication process are presented. The current progress and initial measurements of the fabrication process are shown. The future direction and the need for further investigation of the material set are addressed.
Analysis of transverse cracking in cross-ply composite laminates

An analytical model based on the principle of minimum potential energy is developed and applied to determine the two-dimensional thermoelastic stress state in cross-ply composite laminates containing multiple equally spaced transverse cracks in the 90° plies and subjected to tensile loading in the longitudinal direction. The model provides full field solution for displacements and stresses including the residual thermal stresses which in turn are used to calculate the strain energy release rate associated with various failure modes. The strain energy release rate criterion has been employed to evaluate the critical applied stresses for two of the possible fracture modes; self-similar extension of a pre-existing flaw and the formation of a new parallel crack. The computed results indicate that formation of new cracks never takes place until pre-existing cracks extend through the entire thickness of the 90° plies. The predicted results of transverse crack density are in good agreement with the available exp...
Structure, composition and morphogenesis of the cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. VI. The flagellar collar

Abstract A high resolution structural study of the flagellar collar of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi has been made. A three dimensional model, based on optical diffraction analysis and computer image reconstruction, combined with thin sectioning shows the collar to be built of about 56 longitudinal components, spaced at 26·4nm intervals and forming a helical palisade around the base of the flagellum. Each longitudinal component is formed from sub-units spaced 6·0nm apart along its length. The collar forms an integral part of the inner layers of the cell wall.
Fourier transform mass spectrometric studies of Al+, Ga+ and In+ with organic neutral molecules and alkyl halides

Abstract Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions of Al+, Ga+, and In+ with alcohols, ketones, esters, and alkyl halides are studied using laser desorption-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LD-FTMS). Chloride, bromide, and hydroxide affinities are reported, as are the primary and secondary reaction products. Present results are compared with previous ion-beam and ion cyclotron resonance studies of Al+ and found to be in good agreement. The potential of the metal ions studies as possible selective chemical ionization reagents is discussed.
Development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the colon after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

Developments in the therapeutic approach to Hodgkin's disease have resulted in excellent longterm survival statistics. However, these patients are at risk for second malignancies, most commonly acute myelogenous leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We present a patient who developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the colon simulating adenocarcinoma 14 years after successful radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease.
Transplantation in the diabetic patient with advanced chronic kidney disease: A task force report

On May 7 to 8, 2003, more than 60 physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health professionals met in Chicago, IL, to discuss state-of-the-art approaches to transplantation in the clinical management of patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease. Four work groups addressed pretransplantation evaluation and management, therapeutic alternatives for treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease, posttransplantation diabetes mellitus, and improving long-term kidney transplant outcomes in patients with diabetes. This report summarizes the deliberations and recommendations of the task force.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A JOB FAMILY SPECIFIC POSITION ANALYSIS QUESTIONNAIRE

This study examined the feasibility of developing a job (clerical) family specific PAQ which could yield substantially the same amount of information as the original PAQ. By deleting 80 minimally applicable items, a 107-item custom PAQ was developed. A component analysis of the custom PAQ resulted in 18 interpretable dimensions which were quite similar to many of the original 32 dimensions. The ability of the 18 dimensions to predict compensation data and discriminate between job levels was investigated. The use of custom PAQ division data for these purposes was also investigated. Results of the study indicated that the 18 (custom PAQ) clerical dimensions were able to discriminate between job levels while retaining the predictive power of the original PAQ. Additionally, the modified PAQ division scores exhibited significant utility in differentiating among job levels, but were less efficient in predicting compensation than the dimension scores.
Who wrote Bacon? Assessing the respective roles of Francis Bacon and his secretaries in the production of his English works

In an earlier study that identified previously unrecognized writings of the young Thomas Hobbes, questions were raised about the authorship of some of Francis Bacon's published works. This article reports a follow-up study in which two independent statistical analyses of Bacon's English works both conclude that, whereas Bacon's autographic writings show clearly that they are authored by the same person; almost none of his published works can be matched statistically with the autographs. The most likely explanation for this dramatic finding is that Bacon's well-known reliance on secretaries may have been sufficiently extensive that his writing patterns are obscured or replaced by theirs. This finding suggests a far simpler explanation for a wide array of anomalies in Bacon's works than others have offered. The study further identifies some of Bacon's works written during a period when Thomas Hobbes was his secretary, which match Hobbes's writing pattern.
Adult Bone Marrow Stem Cells Regenerate Myocardium in Ischemic Heart Disease

Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of several populations of primitive cells in mouse and human bone marrow that have the capacity, both in vitro and in vivo, to give rise to cells of all three germ layers. Mesenchymal/stromal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells are the leading candidates for this activity that some believe may recapitulate the potential of embryonic stem cells. Very little is known about the molecular controls for this adult stem cell activity commonly referred to as transdifferentiation or plasticity. Regeneration of a large number of cell types and tissues has been investigated with one of the most extensively studied being the myocardium. These studies involved ligation of the left coronary artery in adult mice and the direct injection or mobilization of bone marrow stem cells. Using this protocol we, and others, have observed the generation of new cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in the zone of ischemic myocardium. This approach has progressed to clinical trials at several academic institutions. Although the preliminary findings from these trials do not permit unequivocal conclusions, they do suggest that safety and feasibility are not significant problems that would argue against extending these trials in a large, randomized, double-blinded study. When considerations such as these are addressed, cell therapy may become a new modality in the treatment of heart patients.
The Second Wave: Southern Industrialization from the 1940s to the 1970s

Essays on the origins of the South's present-day vitality Though it had helped define the New South era, the first wave of regional industrialization had clearly lost momentum even before the Great Depression. These nine original case studies look at how World War II and its aftermath transformed the economy, culture, and politics of the South. From perspectives grounded in geography, law, history, sociology, and economics, several contributors look at southern industrial sectors old and new: aircraft and defense, cotton textiles, timber and pulp, carpeting, oil refining and petrochemicals, and automobiles. One essay challenges the perception that southern industrial growth was spurred by a disproportionate share of federal investment during and after the war. In covering the variety of technological, managerial, and spatial transitions brought about by the South's "second wave" of industrialization, the case studies also identify a set of themes crucial to understanding regional dynamics: investment and development; workforce training; planning, cost-containment, and environmental concerns; equal employment opportunities; rural-to-urban shifts and the decay of local economies; entrepreneurism; and coordination of supply, service, and manufacturing processes. From boardroom to factory floor, the variety of perspectives in The Second Wave will significantly widen our understanding of the dramatic reshaping of the region in the decades after 1940.
The preparation of microsomal electron-transfer complexes

Abstract A membrane fraction has been prepared by incubation of microsomes for 10 min at room temperature in a solution which is 0.23% with respect to KCl and 10% with respect to tert .-amyl alcohol. This fraction which sediments as an infranatant layer contains electron-transfer components and activities at a purity about 2-fold greater than in the microsomes. This fraction is enriched in lipid and has the appearance of a vesicular membrane with a uniform repeating subunit structure with a diameter of about 50 A, similar to that of the original microsome. It is suggested that the microsomal electron-transfer membrane is separable from microsomes because of its greater ability to bind lipid in the presence of tert .-amyl alcohol. A protein complex containing the carbon monoxide-binding pigment (P-450) has been isolated from beef-liver microsomes. The P-450 compound is concentrated 4–5-fold in the isolated complex and the spectrum of the compound is undegraded. The complex contains the following prosthetic groups, flavin, a cytochrome of the b type and non-heme iron. Spectral studies indicate that CO does not react with the cytochrome b , but combines with another component which absorbs strongly at wavelengths shorter than 420 mμ. A protein-lipid complex containing NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity has been isolated from beef-liver microsomes. The preparation of the enzyme by the successive use of tert .-amyl alcohol, cholate, and ammonium sulfate is described. The enzyme, purified 10- to 15-fold over the microsomes is soluble in the presence of bile acid and contains cytochrome b 5 and flavin (FAD) in a 1:1 ratio, phospholipid and non-heme iron.
The 2007 sea ice minimum: Impacts on the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere in late autumn and early winter

[1] Over the past several decades, the minimum Northern Hemisphere summer sea ice extent has decreased substantially. We present an analysis of the influence of declining Arctic sea ice cover on the atmosphere, specifically during the autumn/early winter following an extreme summer minimum event. Using ensemble simulations from the Weather Research and Forecast model (v 3.0.1), we compare the atmospheric response for the case of the extreme sea ice minimum of 2007 to the corresponding response for the more typical ice conditions of 1984, the year with median ice extent for the 1979–2008 satellite era. Increased open water enhances heat and moisture flux from the Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere during autumn. We characterize the fluxes both horizontally and vertically and determine the spatial breadth of their influence. The atmospheric response is characterized by a strong increase in 2 m temperature and decrease in sea level pressure locally and by remote responses in the atmospheric circulation throughout the troposphere characterized by a quasi-barotropic ridge/trough signal in North America. The circulation anomalies drive remote anomalies of temperature and precipitation over eastern North America and the North Atlantic. Advectively driven temperature anomalies, in turn, cause surface flux anomalies over remote regions such as the Great Lakes and the Gulf Stream. The maximum response, as measured by difference in 2 m temperatures over the polar cap from 70°N, occurs between 10 September and approximately 15 November. The persistence of the signal over a 2 month period implies the potential for seasonal predictability of the stronger atmospheric response features. In addition, we determine the significance of prominent features, finding 95% significance in some remote features as far away as the North Atlantic.
Photodissociation of trapped ions

Abstract The ion-trapping ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer, or Fourier transform mass spectrometer, provides a powerful and convenient environment for the study of photodissociation of gas-phase ions. This capability has been explored for about 30 years in a number of laboratories including our own. A variety of developments and applications, historical and current, are organized here under five broad headings: (1) optical spectroscopy of ions; (2) kinetics of the dissociation process; (3) dynamics of the dissociation process; (4) thermochemistry of dissociation; and (5) probing the structure and energy of the ions.
Use of Wire Screens as Variable Light Attenuators

Spectrochemical procedures occasionally call for the use of a wire screen to reduce the intensity of a light source. Sometimes the screen is specified as having a given optical transmittance; more often it is described as being of a given mesh. Such screens are presumed to be used at normal incidence and when used as an attenuator are known to be optically stable with respect to time and ideally neutral with respect to wavelength (1).
The nonlinear and biaxial effects on energy release rate, J-integral and stress intensity factor

Abstract A nonlinear finite element analysis is performed for a finite center-cracked specimen subjected to biaxial loading. A Ramberg-Osgood type stress-strain relation is used to characterize the material property. It is found that the energy release rate, J -integral, stress intensity factor, strain intensity factor depend not only on applied stress perpendicular to the crack but also on applied stress parallel to the crack. Biaxial effects on fracture toughness parameters increase as applied stress increases. The coupling between biaxial effects and material nonlinearity has been indicated.
Optical Properties of Evaporated Rhodium Films Deposited at Various Substrate Temperatures in the Vacuum Ultraviolet from 150 to 2000 Å

Evaporated Rh films preparation at various substrate temperatures in vacuum UV, determining reflectance and optical constants
The relative contribution of formal and informal organizational work–family support

Abstract Recent work–family research has proposed that informal means of organizational work–family support (e.g., managerial support) are more useful than formal means of organizational work–family support (e.g., work–family benefit availability) in explaining variance in employee affective, intentional, and behavioral outcomes. However, the relative contributions of formal and informal means of support have not yet been empirically tested against each other. The proposition is tested using data from the Families and Work Institute's 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce ( Bond, Galinsky, & Swanberg, 1998 ). Two relative importance procedures are used to analyze the data. The results offer compelling evidence that informal means of work–family support explain a greater share of variance in employee outcomes than formal mechanisms do. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
A Real-Time Risk Assessment and Mitigation Engine Based on Dynamic Context

Today, the risk of a service related change is typically assessed at change record creation time by a Change Requester either manually or through answering a fixed set of questions. Assessing the risk of a change, thus, relies heavily on one person's opinion. Further, in the questionnaire method, a fixed set of questions implies that the change context is assumed to be the same regardless of the type of change being raised, whereas in practice, no two changes are truly identical. Such deficiencies of the standard practice to assess risk of a change may, thus, result in inaccurate assessment, which can lead to unmitigated risks, ultimately materializing as failures. We present a novel Risk Engine, which takes into account a rich, dynamic change context to calculate and mitigate the risk of a service related change in real-time with increased accuracy and reliability. We describe the recipe for creating the Risk Engine along with several user studies we have conducted to justify our design choices at each step. Our initial pilot results reveal that it is possible to drive the number of change failures down significantly using our novel Risk Engine.
Management of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: role of diltiazem versus beta-blocker therapy.

Several large-scale, multicenter trials have been conducted to evaluate the effects of currently available calcium channel blockers on a variety of cardiac end points in patients with myocardial infarction. Results indicate that careful subgroup stratification is necessary if morbidity and mortality are to be favorably altered. Certain groups of patients who are at high risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) or death must be targeted for more agressive diagnosis and therapy.
On the resonant nonlinear traveling waves in a thin rotating ring

Abstract Large amplitude, traveling wave motion of an inextensible, linearly elastic, rotating ring is analyzed. Equations governing the planar dynamics of a thin rod, curved in its undeformed state and moving in a horizontal reference frame which rotates about a fixed axis, are obtained via Hamilton's extended principle. The equations are specialized to study the behavior of a rotating circular ring and approximate solutions are obtained near resonance utilizing a perturbation analysis. Undamped free and viscously damped forced traveling wave motion is considered. The motion is found to consist of a forward and a backward traveling wave which may be coupled due to the non-linear terms present in the equations of motion
The value-added acquisitions librarian: Defining our role in a time of change

Abstract The concept of added value as applied to acquisitions librarianship is becoming an issue as more libraries are downsizing and otherwise reorganizing their technical services. Acquisitions librarians are beginning to realize they may have to defend or justife their positions and their work in the face of demands to economize. This article analyzes what values are added during the acquisitions process and what role the acquisitions librarian plays in adding such values.
Ion association of dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions to 600°C and 300 MPa by conductance measurements

The limiting molar conductances Λ0 and ion association constants of dilute aqueous NaOH solutions (<0.01 mol-kg−1) were determined by electrical conductance measurements at temperatures from 100 to 600°C and pressures up to 300 MPa. The limiting molar conductances of NaOH(aq) were found to increase with increasing temperature up to 300°C and with decreasing water density ρw. At temperatures ≥400°C, and densities between 0.6 to 0.8 g-cm−3, Λ0 is nearly temperature-independent but increases linearly with decreasing density, and then decreases at densities <0.6 g-cm−3. This phenomenon is largely due to the breakdown of the hydrogen-bonded, structure of water. The molal association constants K Am for NaOH( aq ) increase with increasing temperature and decreasing density. The logarithm of the molal association constant can be represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and the logarithm of the density of water by $$\begin{gathered} log K_{Am} = 2.477 - 951.53/T - (9.307 \hfill \\ - 3482.8/T)log \rho _{w } (25 - 600^\circ C) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which includes selected data taken from the literature, or by $$\begin{gathered} log K_{Am} = 1.648 - 370.31/T - (13.215 \hfill \\ - 6300.5/T)log \rho _{w } (400 - 600^\circ C) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which is based solely on results from the present study over this temperature range (and to 300 MPa) where the measurements are most precise.
Orbitofrontal resections for intractable partial seizures

Abstract The orbitofrontal cortex has extensive connections with limbic structures that are often involved in intractable partial seizures. Although some cases of orbitofrontal epilepsy have been reported, the exact incidence and optimal means of diagnosis and treatment of this condition are not well established. For 1 year, we included recordings from the orbitofrontal cortex in all cases of limbic epilepsy that required invasive monitoring as part of a preoperative workup. We identified 3 cases in which orbitofrontal resections were performed to control intractable partial seizures. In 1 case, an orbitofrontal resection based on physiologic data disclosed an area of focal cortical dysplasia that had not been identified by preoperative structural and functional imaging. In the second case, the adjacent orbitofrontal area was resected concurrently with a dominant anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). In the third case, a patient was seizure-free for 6 years after an ATL. The seizures recurred, however, and an orbitofrontal resection was performed on the same side as the original surgery. These patients had no unique EEG or semiology profile that identified orbitofrontal seizures before invasive recordings were made. The orbitofrontal cortex may be the source of intractable partial seizures, and this should be considered in electrode implantation strategies for the preoperative evaluation of patients with this disorder.
Ion-induced splitting in thermal denaturation profiles of F1 nucleohistone

Abstract The shape of thermal denaturation profiles for F1 nucleohistone was observed to be a funtion of the ion content of the medium. The temperature derivative profile of denaturation was bimodal at 0.01 M salt but unimodal at low salt. This behavior was not a function of the method of reconstitution, the protein concentration, or the non-ionic components of the solvent. Plots of T m values vs salt concentration indicated that neither of the split peaks was directly related to the single maximum in the derivative profile at low salt. Circular dichroic spectra were not casually related to the profile splitting phenomenon studied by thermal denaturation. The unexpected ion dependence of the denaturation profile is presumed to result from electrostatic factors and the existence of at least two modes of binding of F1 histone to DNA.
Groups, growth and trust: Cross-country evidence on the Olson and Putnam hypotheses *

Olson (1982) and Putnam (1993) providesharply conflicting perspectives on theimpact of private associations on economicwell-being and social conflict. Olson(1982) emphasized their propensity to actas special interest groups that lobby forpreferential policies, imposingdisproportionate costs on the rest ofsociety. Putnam (1993) viewed membershipsin horizontal associations as a source ofgeneralized trust and social ties conduciveto governmental efficiency and economicperformance. Using cross-country data,this paper investigates the impact ofassociational memberships on generalizedtrust and economic performance, findinglittle support for Olson's view of theimpact of groups, and only mixed supportfor the Putnam perspective.
Chronic alcohol consumption accelerates fibrosis in response to cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats.

Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for chronic pancreatitis (CP), but the mechanism in humans remains obscure because prolonged alcohol consumption in most humans and animal models fails to produce alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP). We hypothesize that the process leading to ACP is triggered by a sentinel acute pancreatitis (AP) event; this event causes recruitment of inflammatory cells, which initiates fibrosis driven by the anti-inflammatory response to recurrent AP and/or chronic oxidative stress. The aim was to determine whether chronic alcohol consumption accelerates fibrosis in response to cerulein-induced pancreatitis in the rat. Wistar male rats were pair-fed control (C) or 5% ethanol (E) Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets. Animals were studied without pancreatitis (P0), with cerulein pancreatitis induced once (P1), or with cerulein-induced pancreatitis weekly for 3 weeks (P3). AP markers, inflammation, and fibrosis were measured histologically, by gene expression profiling and protein expression. Macrophage infiltration was reduced in EP0 versus CP0 rats, but the pattern was reversed after AP. Microabscess, severe necrosis, and early calcification were only induced in the EP3 rats. Fibrosis was significantly induced in the EP3 rats versus EP1, CP1, and CP3 by histology, hydroxyproline content, and mRNA expression for collagen α1(1) and procollagen α2(1). Proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs were up-regulated shortly after induction of AP, while the anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β) were strongly up-regulated later and in parallel with fibrogenesis, especially in the EP3 rats. Pancreatic fibrosis develops after repeated episodes of AP and is potentiated by alcohol. Expression of fibrosis-associated genes was associated with expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-fed rats.
Allostatic load and birth outcomes among white and black women in New Orleans.

As a marker of chronic stress, allostatic load has been theoretically recognized as a potential contributor to racial disparities in birth outcomes. The purpose of this investigation was to identify associations between allostatic load and birth outcomes and to assess differences in allostatic load and its relation to birth outcomes between white and black women. Blood samples from 123 women at 26–28 weeks gestation were assayed for cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and cortisol, with 42 women having complete data on all biomarkers and birth outcomes. Together with systolic blood pressure, these biomarkers were combined to create an allostatic load index. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between allostatic load index and gestational age, birth weight, birth weight ratio, birth length, and head circumference. Black women had a significantly lower allostatic load index than white women (P < 0.05). Gestational age was the only outcome significantly associated with allostatic load in both unadjusted and adjusted models (P < 0.05). Gestational age decreased significantly with increasing allostatic load (adjusted β −0.18, 95 % CI −0.35, 0.00). A significant interaction with age indicated that the effect was less strong at higher maternal ages (adjusted interaction β 0.04, 95 % CI 0.00, 0.08). There was no racial difference in the effect of allostatic load on birth outcomes. These findings represent possible evidence of the effect of stress age on gestational age. As a measure of cumulative disadvantage, allostatic load may prove to be a contributor to the racial disparities in birth outcomes.
Sequences of the A-MuLV protein needed for fibroblast and lymphoid cell transformation.

Abstract The role of various segments ( gag or v- abl ) of the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) genome in both lymphoid cell and fibroblast transformation was examined by deletion of areas from cloned, plasmid DNA representations of the genome. The deleted plasmids were tested by transfection into fibroblasts and by infection of bone marrow cells using virus stocks derived from the fibroblast transfectants. Deletion of gag coding sequence from the A-MuLV protein did not affect fibroblast transforming activity but abolished lymphoid transforming activity. The gag − A-MuLV genomes were very unstable in transformed fibroblasts leading to large secondary deletions in v- abl sequences. The gag − A-MuLV proteins also had lower autophosphorylation than their gag + counterparts although cells transformed by gag − virus had a normal elevation of protein-linked phosphotyrosine. Systematic deletion of v- abl sequences showed that only 45,000 to the 130,000 molecular weight of v- abl sequence in the A-MuLV protein is needed for fibroblast transformation and, at most, slightly more is needed for lymphoid cell transformation.
A measurement scale for indecisiveness and its relationship to career indecision and other types of indecision

Summary: A scale for indecisiveness was constructed and then used to investigate distinctive features of indecisiveness. In the literature on decision making, the distinction between indecision and indecisiveness is an important issue, but evidence showing that these two constructs are different is lacking. We found clear evidence for such a distinction, from a joint exploratory factor analysis of the indecisiveness scale and a career indecision scale, and from the differential relation of both with self-esteem as a third variable. Furthermore, with confirmatory factor analysis, we found that the correlations between items on career indecision cannot be explained only by indecisiveness, and that also a factor specific to the situation of career decision is needed. These results corroborate the distinction between career indecision and indecisiveness. Although it must be differentiated from specific types of indecision, such as career indecision, indecisiveness turned out to be a correlate of the specific ...
Problems in the theoretical description of metal-metal multiple bonds or how I learned to hate the electron correlation problem

Abstract The goal of this article is to present a historical perspective to theoretical calculations of metal-metal multiple bonds, to explain why calculations on these systems are so difficult and to predict the direction of future research in this area.
Seasonal changes of food and water consumption and urine production of the marmot, marmota flaviventris

In early spring, food and water consumption and the excretion and clearances of urine and solutes reached maximal rates. Water consumption exceeded food intake and urine production and plasma osmolality was lowest. Toward early and late summer, water intake decreased faster than food consumption and urine production. Urea excretion and clearances diminished with food consumption, while creatinine clearance decreased only slightly. Plasma osmolality increased. The data are consistent with rehydration soon after hibernation is completed, followed by a period of weight gain and dehydration in preparation for the next prolonged period of hibernation.
On The Fatigue Analysis Of A Differential Thread Connector

This paper presents a fatigue analysis of a differential thread connector for a special high strength 9 5/8'', 471b/ft offshore production riser. The connector was designed to be manufactured from a commercially available upset casing thereby eliminating the need for welding and enhancing the riser's fatigue life expectancy. The method of finite element analysis was used to determine the peak static and alternating stresses in the connector. Conditions considered in the analysis include assembly pre-load, dead weight and static/dynamic bending movements due to waves. Typical North Sea wave data were selected for this analysis. Miner's rule was employed to estimate the fatigue life of the connector in conjunction with the ASME section VIII, Division 2 S-N curve.
Two pathways for electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen by a nickel bis(diphosphine) complex with pendant amines in the second coordination sphere.

A nickel bis(diphosphine) complex containing pendant amines in the second coordination sphere, [Ni(PCy2Nt-Bu2)2](BF4)2 (PCy2Nt-Bu2 = 1,5-di(tert-butyl)-3,7-dicyclohexyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane), is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation. The addition of hydrogen to the NiII complex gives three isomers of the doubly protonated Ni0 complex [Ni(PCy2Nt-Bu2H)2](BF4)2. Using the pKa values and NiII/I and NiI/0 redox potentials in a thermochemical cycle, the free energy of hydrogen addition to [Ni(PCy2Nt-Bu2)2]2+ was determined to be −7.9 kcal mol–1. The catalytic rate observed in dry acetonitrile for the oxidation of H2 depends on base size, with larger bases (NEt3, t-BuNH2) resulting in much slower catalysis than n-BuNH2. The addition of water accelerates the rate of catalysis by facilitating deprotonation of the hydrogen addition product before oxidation, especially for the larger bases NEt3 and t-BuNH2. This catalytic pathway, where deprotonation occurs prior to oxidation, leads to an overpoten...
Possible mechanisms for the introduction of hydrogen into alpha-quartz during sweeping

Hydrogen-dissolving metallizations are used as sweeping electrodes to investigate possible mechanisms of hydrogen introduction into alpha-quartz during sweeping. The sweeping conditions were varied, and the increased hydrogen content of the quartz and the indiffusion of electrode metal were monitored. Experiments have confirmed that the introduction of hydrogen is not increased by using electrode metals such as Pd, V, and Ni, which readily dissolve; requires quartz-metal contact; does not correlate with Z-surface damage; and is not suppressed by reduction in field strengths. By contrast, electrode-metal indiffusion is increased by Z-surface damage and high electric fields. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was used to determine the increased hydrogen content due to changes in sweeping conditions. The indiffusion of electrode metal was studied using Rutherford backscattering techniques. >
The extraction and measurement of on-die impedance for power delivery analysis

Power delivery system noise, current and impedance are the key performance factors for successful chipsets/CPUs design. Power delivery noise is significantly affected by on-die impedance and current, i.e., on-die power grid equivalent resistance (Rdie), capacitance (Cdie), and Icc(t). Rdie and Cdie have been challenging in pre-silicon extraction and post-silicon measurement. This paper focuses on Rdie and Cdie extraction and silicon correlation. We carried out Rdie and Cdie extraction comparison study for Intel products that contain several PHY blocks by using home-brew flow, a commercial tool, and lab measurement, to achieve good correlation. The work boosts our confidence in the accuracies of internal flow and commercial tool and therefore facilitates the adoption of the commercial tool to greatly improve die grid modeling effort.
Fixed-length lossy compression in the finite blocklength regime: Discrete memoryless sources

This paper studies the minimum achievable source coding rate as a function of blocklength n and tolerable distortion level d. Tight general achievability and converse bounds are derived that hold at arbitrary fixed blocklength. For stationary memoryless sources with separable distortion, the minimum rate achievable is shown to be q closely approximated by equation, where R(d) is the rate-distortion function, V (d) is the rate dispersion, a characteristic of the source which measures its stochastic variability, Q−1 (·) is the inverse of the standard Gaussian complementary cdf, and e is the probability that the distortion exceeds d. The new bounds and the second-order approximation of the minimum achievable rate are evaluated for the discrete memoryless source with symbol error rate distortion. In this case, the second-order approximation reduces to equation if the source is non-redundant.
Early Androgens Are Related to Childhood Sex-Typed Toy Preferences

Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who were exposed to high levels of androgen in the prenatal and early postnatal periods showed increased play with boys” toys and reduced play with girls' toys compared with their unexposed female relatives at ages 3 to 8. Boys with CAH did not differ from their male relatives in play with boys' or girls' toys. These results suggest that early hormone exposure in females has a masculinizing effect on sex-typed toy preferences.
Action-dependent adaptive critic designs

We study a class of action-dependent adaptive critic designs. Conventional adaptive critic designs contain three basic modules: critic, model and action. Each of the three modules can be implemented using a neural network. By combining the critic network and the model network to form a new critic network, we propose a form of action-dependent adaptive critic designs where the critic network implicitly includes a model network in it. An important feature of the present design is that the proposed action-dependent adaptive critic designs can be applied to online learning control applications. We also provide details about the training of the neural networks used in the present design. The training approach described makes it possible the use of many readily available neural network training algorithms and tools without modifications. We employ the pole balancing problem in our simulation study to show the applicability of the present results.
Electromagnetic corrections to baryon masses

We analyze the electromagnetic contributions to the octet and decuplet baryon masses using the heavy-baryon approximation in chiral effective field theory and methods we developed in earlier analyses of the baryon masses and magnetic moments. Our methods connect simply to Morpurgo's general parametrization of the electromagnetic contributions and to semirelativistic quark models. Our calculations are carried out including the one-loop mesonic corrections to the basic electromagnetic interactions, so to two loops overall. We find that to this order in the chiral loop expansion there are no three-body contributions. The Coleman-Glashow relation and other sum rules derived in quark models with only two-body terms therefore continue to hold, and violations involve at least three-loop processes and can be expected to be quite small. We present the complete formal results and some estimates of the matrix elements here. Numerical calculations will be presented separately.
Poly(2-Butyne-1,4-Diyl)S as Precursors to Novel Substituted Polyacetylenes

Thermally-induced polymerization of 1,4s-diphenyls-1,2,3s-butatriene affords poly(1,4s-diphenyls- 2s-butynes-1,4s-diyl) as a soluble high molecular weight material. Structure is characterized by 13C and vibrational spectroscopy. When treated with base, this material rearranges to a soluble red poly(acetylene) with a unique substitution pattern.
A coupled modelling effort to study the fate of contaminated sediments downstream of the Coles Hill deposit, Virginia, USA

Abstract. This paper presents the preliminary results of a coupled modelling effort to study the fate of tailings (radioactive waste-by product) downstream of the Coles Hill uranium deposit located in Virginia, USA. The implementation of the overall modelling process includes a one-dimensional hydraulic model to qualitatively characterize the sediment transport process under severe flooding conditions downstream of the potential mining site, a two-dimensional ANSYS Fluent model to simulate the release of tailings from a containment cell located partially above the local ground surface into the nearby streams, and a one-dimensional finite-volume sediment transport model to examine the propagation of a tailings sediment pulse in the river network located downstream. The findings of this investigation aim to assist in estimating the potential impacts that tailings would have if they were transported into rivers and reservoirs located downstream of the Coles Hill deposit that serve as municipal drinking water supplies.
Memory Performance of Children with Dyslexia A Comparative Analysis of Theoretical Perspectives

This study examined the memory performance of children with reading disabilities (RD) using methodology representative of three theoretical perspectives on RD subtypes: the phonological deficit, dual route, and phonological-core variable-difference models. Analyses compared the serial memory, verbal learning, and abstract visual-spatial memory performance of 45 children with RD to that of chronological-age (CA)- and reading-level (RL)-matched controls, using subtype identification methods from each of the theoretical models to classify children with RD. Phonological deficit and dual route comparisons indicated that children with RD, regardless of subtype, performed more poorly than CA- and better than RL-matched participants on all memory tasks. Phonological-core variable-difference methodology yielded three RD subtypes, two of which exhibited distinctive memory deficits relative to both CA and RL control groups. The phonological-core variable-difference model accounted for more variance in memory performance than either of the other two models.
Duration dependent input output markov models for audio-visual event detection

Detecting semantic events from audio-visual data with Spatiotemporal support is a challenging multimedia Understanding problem. The difficulty lies in the gap that exists between low level media features and high level semantic concept. We present a duration dependent input output Markov model (DDIOMM) to detect events based on multiple modalities. The DDIOMM combines the ability to model nonexponential duration densities with the mapping of input sequences to output sequences. In spirit it resembles the IOHMMs [1] as well as inhomogeneousHMMs [2]. We use the DDIOMM to model the audio-visual event explosion. We compare the detection performance of the DDIOMM with the IOMM as well as the HMM. Experiments reveal that modeling of duration improves detection performance.