cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximate Scheduling of DERs with Discrete Complex Injections

Rapid penetration of renewable energy based Distributed Energy Resources (DER) has the potential to exacerbate the challenges inherent in grid frequency and voltage regulation. However, their real time controllability can be leveraged to not only mitigate such challenges, but improve the economics and quality of grid operations. A plethora of DER scheduling algorithms have been developed for fast and efficient scheduling of these resources. These algorithms schedule the complex - real and reactive power injected into (or drawn from) the grid by the DERs under various cost objective functions and grid constraints. However, a vast majority of such algorithms assume the feasible range of power injections to be continuous. In reality, the control options available for several DERs form a discrete space. This implies that the feasible range of power injections also forms a discrete space. This makes DER scheduling an NP-hard problem. Integer/Mixed Integer program based algorithms, which guarantee optimality in the objective value, have been developed. But these are prohibitively expensive in terms of computational time requirements. On the other hand, fast heuristic based solutions have also been developed. But as they do not provide any guarantee on the optimality of the objective, or on satisfying the constraints, they are unreliable for grid operations. Recent works have developed approximation algorithms which offer the best of both the approaches above: (near) optimality and low computational complexity, both of which are governed by a user defined accuracy parameter ∈. In this work, we significantly improve upon such existing works by developing an approximation algorithm which schedules DERs with complex injections (as opposed to only real injection) and whose runtime is polynomial (as opposed to exponential) in 1/∈. We provide theoretical analysis and support them with experimental results to validate the guarantees provided by our approximation algorithm.
Health-Related Quality of Life as a Prognostic Factor in Patients After Resection of Hepatic Malignancies.

Abstract Background Numerous studies have argued health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures to be prognostic of survival in patients with chronic disease processes including cancer; however, only a few small studies have evaluated HRQoL changes in the setting of oncologic resections. The objectives of the present study were to investigate factors predicting HRQoL, the change in HRQoL over time, and HRQoL prognostic value in patients undergoing surgical resection of hepatic malignancies. Methods We administered the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Hepatobiliary, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Fatigue, and Brief Pain Inventory to 128 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies enrolled between January 2008 to November 2011 and November 2013 to June 2015. Quality of life was obtained at the baseline, 4, 8, and 12 mo, using HRQoL questionnaires. Results The mean age of all patients included was 61 y, 42.6% had hepatocellular carcinoma, and 50.7% had metastatic colorectal carcinoma. HRQoL decreased from baseline at the 4-mo follow-up but stabilized to preoperative values at 8 and 12 mo. Depressive symptoms (P Conclusions HRQoL is independently associated with survival in patients with liver malignancies undergoing surgical resection. Major curative liver surgery can be performed with short-term worsening of HRQoL but long-term improvement and stabilization in overall quality of life for patients with cancer.
Mode-Selective Image Upconversion Through Turbulence

We experimentally demonstrate a frequency upconversion approach to selective detection of structured images passing through turbulent media, where the turbulence is indirectly compensated by modulating the upconversion pump.
DNA methylation changes in biomarker loci occur early in cancer progression.

Tumor-specific DNA methylation can be used for cancer diagnostics and monitoring. We have recently reported a set of DNA methylation biomarkers that can distinguish plasma samples from lung cancer patients versus healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the DNA methylation signal from the biomarker loci detected in plasma samples correlated with tumor size and decreased after surgical resection of lung tumors. In order to determine the timing of DNA methylation of these loci during carcinogenesis and thus the potential of the biomarkers to detect early stages of the disease we analyzed the DNA methylation of the biomarker loci in five precancerous conditions using available data from the GEO database. We found that the DNA methylation of the biomarker loci is gained early in carcinogenesis since most of the precancerous conditions already have biomarker loci hypermethylated. Moreover, these DNA methylation biomarkers are able to distinguish between precancerous lesions with malignant potential and those that stay benign where data is available. Taken together, the biomarkers have the potential to detect the earliest cancer stages; the only limitation to detection of cancer from plasma samples or other liquid biopsies is the timing when tumors start to shed enough DNA into body fluids.
Pregnancy outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia patients on imatinib therapy.

7114 Background: Now that imatinib is being used to treat thousands of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients for more than 10 year it is highly probable that many patients will get pregnant durin...
Content Analysis: First-Time Patient User Challenges with Top-Rated Commercial Diabetes Apps.

Background/Introduction: Using a mobile application (app) may improve diabetes self-management. However, the use of diabetes apps is low, possibly due to design and usability issues. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to app use among adult patients with diabetes who were testing diabetes apps for the first time. Materials and Methods: We conducted a content analysis of observation notes and patient comments collected during the testing of two top commercially available diabetes apps as part of a crossover randomized trial. Participants were adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy. We analyzed field notes and transcriptions of audio recordings. Open coding derived categories of usability issues, which then were grouped into themes and subthemes on usability problem types. Results: A total of 92 adult Android smartphone users were recruited online (e.g., Facebook) and in-person postings. Three major themes described problems with data input, app report display and presentation, and self-learning options. Data entry modes were problematic because of overcrowded app screens, complicated "save data" steps, and a lack of data entry confirmation. The app icons, wording, entry headings, and analysis reports were not intuitive to understand. Participants wanted self-learning options (e.g., pop-up messages) during app use. Conclusions: Patient testing of top commercially available diabetes apps revealed key usability design issues in data entry, app report, and self-help learning options. Good app training for patients is necessary for both initial use and long-term use of diabetes apps to support self-management.
COVID-19 information in news media: room for greater transparency.

Access to accurate scientific information is of paramount importance, particularly amid a global pandemic. We access scientific information through various platforms, including social media, news outlets (print and video), Twitter, magazines, peer-reviewed journal articles and more recently, through preprints. However, following some high-profile retractions of influential COVID-19 scientific articles, there is much mistrust and confusion around what news is accurate.1 In situations like this, there is an even higher premium on ensuring that the data underlying scientific findings are publicly accessible. Thus, news outlets that continuously deliver COVID-19 related scientific information to the public should be held to similar standards as scientific journal articles, that is, to share anonymised datasets they are curating and reporting in their news articles. One such place where underlying data are needed is the data on ‘excess mortality’, which has dominated the COVID-19 pandemic news cycle for months. ‘Excess mortality’ or ‘excess deaths’2 refers to the number of deaths above expected levels, regardless of the reported cause of death, and it …
Experimental Study on Typical Plywood Burning Behaviors in Cone Calorimeter Test

The decorative materials were being applied more widely because of its beauty effect,but there were a lot of tinderboxes and the materials which can be ignited easily among them which can cover up the hidden troubles to the inner fireproofing safety.The building decorative materials will release a great deal of calories in case of being sparked which will cause the quick spread of the fire and accelerate the creation of the flashover condition.Up to the present,the datum about the fire behaviour of the building decorative materials was also limited.The cognition on the fire behaviours of several kinds of the building decorative materials was enough far away.In the paper,we make use of cone calorimeter.Three kinds of plywood specimens were chosen which were the poplar veneer,the black walnut veneer and the sapele veneer.The effects of plywood density,and irradiance level on time to ignition,heat release rate and mass loss rate were studied by the horizontal comparison between the different kinds of plywood.Comparing and analyzing the data,simple formulae were proposed to forecast those parameters and its validigy was examined.Moreover,the fatalness of plywood specimens when the fire occurred was analyzed.
Glial AP1 is activated with aging and accelerated by traumatic brain injury

The emergence of degenerative disease after traumatic brain injury is often described as an acceleration of normal age-related processes. Whether similar molecular processes occur after injury and in age is unclear. Here we identify a functionally dynamic and lasting transcriptional response in glia, mediated by the conserved transcription factor AP1. In the early post-TBI period, glial AP1 is essential for recovery, ensuring brain integrity and animal survival. In sharp contrast, chronic AP1 activation promotes human tau pathology, tissue loss, and mortality. We show a similar process activates in healthy fly brains with age. In humans, AP1 activity is detected after moderate TBI and correlates with microglial activation and tau pathology. Our data provide key molecular insight into glia, highlighting that the same molecular process drives dynamic and contradictory glia behavior in TBI, and possibly age, first acting to protect but chronically promoting disease.
An immunohistochemical analysis of stathmin 1 expression in uterine smooth muscle tumors: differential expression in leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas

The oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammlian target of rapamycin pathway (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway is known to be activated in uterine smooth muscle tumors, and Stathmin 1 (STMN1) expression has been identified as a marker of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway activation. We hypothesized that STMN1 may have some diagnostic utility and explored how well STMN1 expression correlated with histologic classifications of uterine smooth muscle tumors into benign and malignant groupings. 84 smooth muscle tumors were assessed for STMN1 expression by immunohistochemistry. These included spindle cell leiomyosarcoma (n = 32), conventional spindle cell leiomyomas (n = 30), atypical (symplastic) leiomyoma (n = 5), cellular leiomyoma (n = 7), smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (n = 4), mitotically active leiomyomas (n = 2), benign metastasizing leiomyoma (n = 3), and cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma (n = 1). All spindle cell leiomyosarcomas were positive (32/32 positive; 100%) as compared with conventional leiomyomata (11/30; 37%) (P < 0.0001). The average immunohistochemical score (0-12+, reflective of intensity and extent) for leiomyosarcomas was 8.7 (± 1.43) whereas the conventional leiomyomata average score was 1.6 (± 1.07) (P < 0.0001). This difference in scores was reflected in the patterns of expression: leiomyosarcomas were predominantly strongly and diffusely positive whereas leiomyomata were predominantly weakly, albeit diffusely positive when expression was present. The sensitivity of STMN1 expression for leiomyosarcomas was 100%. However, the specificity was found to be only 55% (CI = 43-68%). The negative and positive predictive values for leiomyosarcomas were 100% and 52% respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for any STMN1 expression in predicting a spindle cell leiomyosarcoma diagnosis from this dataset was highly significant (OR = 144, P = 0.0006). Thirteen non-smooth muscle tumors that involved the uterus all showed at least focal STMN1 immunoreactivity. In summary, STMN1 is a highly sensitive marker for leiomyosarcoma but is suboptimally specific for diagnostic purposes. The 100% negative predictive value for leiomyosarcoma may offer some diagnostic utility in a small sample, since the absence of STMN1 immunoreactivity in a putative leiomyosarcoma is a strong argument against this diagnostic possibility.
Wavelets in Rough Surface Scattering

In this chapter we study scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces numerically, using the Coifman wavelets.
Attracting and Retaining Foreign Highly Skilled Staff in Times of Global Crisis: a Case Study of Vancouver, British Columbia's Biotechnology Sector

How cities attract and retain hard-won foreign talent in times of economic crisis is an under-researched theme. This paper draws on surveys of firms and allied professionals in the Vancouver biotechnology sector to examine the strategies used to attract and retain highly skilled staff over a 10-year period up to 2012. It argues that the foreign highly skilled within Vancouver's biotechnology sector were more prone to crisis at the level of the firm than they were directly vulnerable to the global financial recession of the early 2000s and 2008. In fact, these crises required firms interviewed to become highly dependent on local and regional auxiliary professionals such as human resource managers and professional immigration attorneys, in addition to spouses, in order to retain these highly skilled foreign professionals within the host city of Vancouver. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results on alpha_s and QCD from (and Above) the Z0

Measurements of alpha_s from e+e- annihilation experiments are reviewed and compared with measurements from other processes. Highlights are presented of recent QCD studies in e+e- annihilation at the Z0 resonance.
How the U.S. Government's Market Activities Can Bolster Mobile Banking Abroad

To combat corruption and increase the effectiveness of foreign aid, the United States should require that all of its foreign aid distributions, reconstruction projects, and payments for services abroad go through banking channels—that is, the U.S. government should strive to eliminate cash transactions whenever possible. In U.S. operations in many parts of the developing world, this will mean utilizing nascent mobile banking industries, an event that will have numerous positive results for these economies. Mobile banking is ―any kind of payment or transaction undertaken using a mobile phone against a bank account that is accessible directly from the user’s mobile phone.‖ 1 Mobile banking is the function most central to the concept of branchless banking, ―the delivery of financial services outside conventional bank branches using information and communications technologies and non-bank retail agents.‖ 2 For example, a customer living in Freetown, Sierra Leone, could send money home to his family in Kabala, a five-hour drive away, simply by sending a text message. Upon receipt of the text message, the family member would only need to walk into one of several mobile money agents in Kabala—two pharmacies, a restaurant, and a merchant—to cash out the transfer. The total transaction, from sending the funds to the funds being cashed out, typically takes only a few minutes and is often a fraction of the cost of other available options. Mobile banking, while built on the foundation of a domestic transfer product, has the potential to develop into a platform for delivering the full spectrum of retail banking to rural and poor communities that have traditionally been unbanked or underbanked. Worldwide, ―[one] billion people do not have a bank account but do have a mobile phone,‖ a figure that is expected to grow by 70% by next year. 3 The reach of wireless
Summation of linguistic numbers

A new field of Computing with Words (CWW) intends to “compute” with phrases that involve linguistic numbers and relations between them such as “about five applies” and “close to six PM”. CWW includes answering arithmetic question such as: What is the number of apples that John obtained if he bought about 5 apples two times today? The common sense answer is “about 10 apples”. However the numeric values of “about 10” are not clear and different people give different intervals and confidence values for numbers in these intervals. The goal of this paper is to analyze existing approaches and to propose a new one based on the rigorous methodology of task formulation that involves convolution.
Public diplomacy and domestic engagement: The Jewish revival in Poland

Reconciling controversial national histories with future goals is a common challenge for many countries. Public diplomacy, however, has become a strategy to combat negative perceptions and build international credibility. Research in this area has primarily focused on public diplomacy campaigns’ effects on foreign populations. However, the existing literature has thus far not sufficiently addressed the relationship between public diplomacy and domestic constituencies. This analysis attempts to fill this void in the literature and demonstrate that engagement with a domestic constituency can add credibility to a country’s public diplomacy campaign. As a case study, this article examines the public diplomacy of Poland beginning with its efforts to achieve accession to the European Union, explains the mechanism that connects public diplomacy to the domestic society and analyzes the effects observed from this case – notably the revival of Jewish culture in Polish society. This study also demonstrates reductions in anti-Semitic attitudes among Poles by using survey data acquired throughout the country’s public diplomacy campaign. These findings demonstrate that public diplomacy engagement with a domestic constituency can indeed have remarkable impacts that help build diplomatic credibility and ease international concerns about a country’s past.
1‐Amino‐Pyridinium Iodide

[6295-87-0] C5H7IN2 (MW 222.03) InChI = 1S/C5H7N2.HI/c6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7;/h1-5H,6H2;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = NDRLPYIMWROJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Alternate versions also are known (most common salts are listed, additional counterions also exist). [45458-31-9] 1-Amino-pyridinium. InChI = 1S/C5H7N2/c6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2/q+1 InChIKey = PFZCOWLKXHIVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [25275-41-6] 1-Amino-pyridinium inner salt (ylide). InChI = 1S/C5H6N2/c6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-6H InChIKey = LWBPCECUDKEKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [39996-41-3] 1-Aminopyridinium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene sulfonate. InChI = 1S/C9H12O3S.C5H7N2/c1-6-4-7(2)9(8(3)5-6)13(10,11)12;6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h4-5H,1-3H3,(H,10,11,12);1-5H,6H2/q;+1/p-1 InChIKey = UDVCZSURIVJFJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M [28460-19-7] 1-Aminopyridinium chloride. InChI = 1S/C5H7N2.ClH/c6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7;/h1-5H,6H2;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = KMNOAKSVNRVGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-M [28460-20-0] 1-Aminopyridinium perchlorate. InChI = 1S/C5H7N2.ClHO4/c6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7;2-1(3,4)5/h1-5H,6H2;(H,2,3,4,5)/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = MMUOFIXPOAIOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M (reagent used as a building block to construct fused heterocycles, synthesis of substituted pyridines, dipolar cycloadditions, ylide type reactions) Physical Data: 159–161 °C. Form Supplied in: crystalline solid ranging from white to pale yellow to pink in color, widely available from commercial sources. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Material can be stored for indefinite periods if kept at 2–8 °C under an inert atmosphere. Material is hygroscopic and should avoid contact with strong oxidizers.
Teaching Mathematics for Social Justice: An Ethical and Moral Imperative?

DAVID W. STINSON is an associate professor of mathematics education in the Department of Middle and Secondary Education in the College of Education, at Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3978, Atlanta, GA, 30303; e-mail: dstinson@gsu.edu. His research interests include exploring socio-cultural, -historical, and -political aspects of mathematics and mathematics teaching and learning from a critical postmodern theoretical (and methodological) perspective. He is a cofounder and current editor-in-chief of the Journal of Urban Mathematics Education. EDITORIAL
Coding for interactive computation: Progress and challenges

We highlight some recent progress and challenges in the area of interactive coding and information complexity.
Preenrollment variables and academic performance as predictors of freshman year persistence, early withdrawal, and stopout behavior in an urban, nonresidential university

Multiple group discriminant analysis was employed to determine the utility of preenrollment traits and academic performance in identifying freshman students who persisted, stopped out, or withdrew early from an urban, nonresidential university. An equation based on nine preenrollment variables significantly discriminated among the three groups and correctly identified 48.1% of an independent validation sample (p<.001 for the hypothesis that overall correct classification was a significant improvement on chance). The clearest separation based on preenrollment traits was between stopouts on the one hand and both persisters and withdrawals on the other. It was only after first-quarter academic performance was added to preenrollment traits that a sharp discrimination was found between persisters and early voluntary withdrawals.
Uninterrupted chest compression CPR is easier to perform and remember than standard CPR

Abstract Introduction : It has long been observed that CPR skills rapidly decline regardless of the modality used for teaching or criteria used for testing. Uninterrupted chest compression CPR (UCC-CPR) is a proposed alternative to standard single rescuer CPR (STD-CPR) for laypersons in witnessed unexpected cardiac arrest in adults. It delivers substantially more compressions per minute and may be easier to remember and perform than standard CPR. Methods : In this prospective study, 28 medical students were taught STD-CPR and UCC-CPR and then were tested on each method at baseline (0), 6, and 18 months after training. The students' performance for at least 90s of CPR was evaluated based on video and Laerdal Skillreporter Resusci Anne recordings. Results : The mean number of correct chest compressions delivered per minute trended down over time in STD-CPR (23±3, 19±4, and 15±3; P = 0.09) but stayed the same in UCC-CPR (43±9, 38±7, and 37±7; P = 0.91) at 0, 6, and 18 months, respectively. The mean percentage of chest compressions delivered correctly fell over time in STD-CPR (54±6%, 35±6%, and 32±6%; P = 0.02) but stayed the same in UCC-CPR (34±5%, 41±7%, and 38±8%) at 0, 6, and 18 months, respectively. The number of chest compressions delivered per minute was higher in UCC-CPR at 0, 6, and 18 months (113 versus 44, P P P Conclusions : Chest compression performance during STD-CPR declined in repeated testing over 18 months whereas there was minimal decline in chest compressions performance on repeated testing of UCC-CPR. In addition, substantially more chest compressions were delivered during UCC-CPR compared to STD-CPR at all time points primarily because of long pauses accompanying rescue breathing.
Direct particle simulation on the Connection Machine CM-2

Particle simulation is a useful technique for analyzing low density flows. The Connection Machine CM-2 is a useful test bed for studying the fine-grain data objects decomposition and the coarse-grain domain decomposition single instruction multiple datastream (SIMD) approaches to particle simulation. Both approaches are investigated for the model problem of uniform flow through a channel and the algorithms required for the SIMD domain decomposition approach are presented. An unresolved issue with the domain decomposition approach is the effect of a poor partitioning on flows with real geometries. Initial results with the channel flow problem indicate that a poor partitioning has only a small detrimental effect on the overall performance.
Interpreting Structural Equation Modeling Results: A Reply to Martin and Cullen

This article briefly review the fundamentals of structural equation modeling for readers unfamiliar with the technique then goes on to offer a review of the Martin and Cullen paper. In summary, a number of fit indices reported by the authors reveal that the data do not fit their theoretical model and thus the conclusion of the authors that the model was “promising” are unwarranted.
Famine disease and mortality patterns in the parish of Borshevka Russia 1830-1912.

Scholars have projected a dismal image of nineteenth-century, rural Russia as a society repeatedly punctuated by crop failures, famine, starvation, and epidemics of famine-related diseases. But there has been no rigorous attempt, using appropriate methods, to assess the nature of demographic crises in Russia and their contribution to overall mortality and population growth. The pattern of mortality evident in the parish under examination is distinguished by an extremely high incidence of infant, diarrhoeal diseases and childhood, infectious diseases. This unfavourable disease environment and resulting high rates of infant and early childhood mortality were more closely related to fertility levels, household size, housing conditions, and weaning practices than to annual or seasonal food availablity and the nutritional status of the population. In a disease-driven society, the susceptibility to infection and the force of infection can, to a considerable extent, be determined by demographic factors, familial norms, and climatic constraints.
Descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafting: A role for primary revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease?

Abstract Purpose: Bypass grafts that originate from the descending thoracic aorta to the iliac or femoral arteries are well described but are not commonly used as primary procedures, and the long-term results remain unknown. A 15-year experience with 50 descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafts for aortoiliac occlusive disease is the basis of this report. Methods: From January 1983 to December 1997, patients who underwent bypass grafting procedures from the descending thoracic aorta to the iliac or femoral arteries were identified. Surgical indications, morbidity and mortality rates, primary and secondary patency rates, limb salvage rates, and survival rates were determined. Results: Fifty descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafting procedures were performed—24 (48%) for severe claudication, 22 (44%) for rest pain, and 4 (8%) for ischemic ulceration. A primary procedure was performed in 31 patients (62%) for complete occlusion (21 patients) and severe atherosclerotic disease (10 patients) of the infrarenal aorta. The indications for 19 secondary revascularizations (38%) were prior aortic or extra-anatomic graft failure in 17 cases and aortic graft infection in 2 cases. The follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 150 months (mean, 39 months). The cumulative life-table 5-year primary patency, secondary patency, limb salvage, and survival rates were 79%, 84%, 93%, and 67%, respectively. An improved patency trend was observed for patients who underwent operation for severe claudication as compared with limb-threatening ischemia (92% and 69%; P = .07). However, there was no difference between primary and secondary operations in primary patency rates (81% and 79%; P = NS) or survival rates (72% and 62%; P = NS). Conclusion: Descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafting has excellent overall long-term results. These results support its more liberal use for primary revascularization, especially for patients with severe atherosclerotic disease or complete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. (J Vasc Surg 1999;29:249-58.)
The Shaft Torque of a Tandem Axial-Piston Pump

The objective of this study is to identify the best indexed position of two rotating groups within a tandem axial-piston pump for attenuating the torque ripple amplitude that is exerted on the shaft. By attenuating the torque ripple characteristics of the pump, other vibration aspects of the machine are also expected to be reduced. In particular, the objectives of this paper are aimed at reducing the noise that is generated by the pump. This paper begins by considering the theoretical torque ripple that is created by the discrete pumping elements of a single rotating group within an axial piston machine. From this analysis, an equation is produced that describes a single pulse for the torque ripple as a function of the average torque and the total number of pistons that are used within the rotating group. By superposing another rotating group on top of the first, and by indexing the angular position of one rotating group relative to the other, a second equation is produced for describing the theoretical torque ripple of a tandem pump design. This equation is also a function of the average shaft torque and the total number of pistons that are used within a single rotating group; however, an additional parameter known as the index angle also appears in this result. This index angle is shown to amplify or attenuate the amplitude of the torque ripple depending upon its value. From these results, it is shown that a proper selection of the index angle can reduce the torque ripple amplitude by as much as 75%. DOI: 10.1115/1.2719785
Cognitive and affective response as a function of relative hemispheric involement.

We sought to determine the cognitive and affective reaction to a communicative stimulus as a function of relative hemispheric involvement, and to examine by inference the internal composition of these processes. Right-handed men were asked to evaluate the sound quality of a taped radio broadcast. Each subject (n = 10) subsequently heard either a personally relevant or irrelevant advocacy that was either proattitudinal or counter-attitudinal. An additional ten right-handed men heard a neutral and obscure news story and constituted an external control group. After listening to the tape, subjects rated their agreement with the advocacy and listed their thoughts. EEG activity was recorded from the left (P3) and right (P4) parietal lobes, was integrated through an 8–13 Hz band-pass filter, and transformed to yield a ratio score of the differences between alpha activity in the right and left hemispheres over the sum of the alpha activity in the right and left hemispheres (P4 − P3)/(P4 + P3). Subjects then were ...
Who’s using who? The fieldworker as documenter and tool of language revalorization

Abstract The social positioning of fieldworkers affects the linguistic practices of the people with whom they interact, along with the grammatical structure of speech produced in their presence or for their recording equipment. Before arriving at my fieldwork site, I had carefully designed strategies for locating myself within certain social networks such that speakers would produce the code-switched styles central to my planned investigation. Unfortunately, these strategies failed. An examination of five newspaper and magazine articles profiling my research gives insight into local perceptions of my social role and ideological affiliations, and their effect on the linguistic styles available for structural analysis.
Parallel Implementation of 3 + 1-DIMENSIONAL Relativistic Hydrodynamics

We discuss the parallel implementation of 3 + 1-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics. The discretization of these equations is performed with a basis-spline collocation method. An iterative procedure for the time evolution will also be discussed. Approximately 60% of the computational effort is spent in performing vector-matrix multiplications that may easily be vectorized. Furthermore, for large lattices, these operations may be spread across the nodes of a parallel machine. We show how to accomplish this partitioning for the hydrodynamic evolution equations. A double-ring, message-passing algorithm is shown to enhance overall code performance when compared to a single ring on iPSC/i860 architectures. Overall code performance is discussed, and an application to relativistic nuclear collision physics is presented.
Youthful Offending and Delinquency: The Comorbid Impact of Maltreatment, Mental Health Problems, and Learning Disabilities

A majority of adolescents formally involved in juvenile court have at least one, if not more than one, significant emotional or learning impairment, or maltreatment experience. This is particularly true in juvenile detention and incarceration facility populations. While this problem is increasingly recognized within the juvenile justice system and social work profession, often the impact and correlation to delinquency of these child and youth difficulties is underestimated. This paper reviews the links from mental health disorders, learning (and academic-related) disabilities, and maltreatment victimizations to delinquent and serious youthful offending behaviors, and provides successful collaboration outcome examples to address this problem. The most difficult challenge to juvenile courts and youth-caring systems is working with adolescents and families with comorbid difficulties, for this group is most at risk for incarceration and involvement with the adult criminal justice system.
Movement of electrolytes and fluid across airways

The production of airway secretions is important for protecting the airways. By active ion transport, airways can shift fluid across the epithelium. A discussion is presented of methods used to study the control of transepithelial fluid and electrolyte transport and how various agents modify this regulation.
Robustness measures for systems with one-sided parameter uncertainties

Abstract A convexity proof of the function λ max ( e D A e −D + ( e D A e −D ) ∗ ) with respect to the D matrix is presented. This function is applicable to the analysis of the multivariable control system stability margin with one-sided structured uncertainty. The multivariable stability margin (MSM) of a control system can be defined as the ‘size’ of the smallest structured perturbation in component dynamics (e.g., aerodynamic stability or control derivatives) that will destabilize the system. Convexity of this function will guarantee the reliable convergence of an optimization algorithm towards a stationary point which is certain to be the global minimum. This function improves the existing MSM bound when the sign of the perturbation is known a priori. Using this property, a reliable stability margin program has been developed and used to analyze the robustness of several multivariable flight control system designs.
In Situ Anaerobic Transformation of Trichlorofluoroethene in Trichloroethene-Contaminated Groundwater

Methods are needed to obtain in situ information on the transformation rates of trichloroethene (TCE), the most commonly detected organic groundwater contaminant. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential for determining TCE transformation rates in groundwater by measuring the transformation rate of its fluorinated surrogate, trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE). To explore this hypothesis, the in situ transport behavior, transformation pathway, and transformation rate of injected TCFE were determined in TCE-contaminated groundwater using single-well, push-pull tests. Although transport behavior varied between wells, TCFE, dichlorofluoroethene (DCFE), and TCE were transported similarly to each other. In the shallow water-bearing zone, TCFE was reductively dechlorinated to cis-DCFE, trans-DCFE, and (E)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene (CFE), while co-injected TCE was concurrently transformed to cis-dichloroethene (DCE), trans-DCE, 1,1-DCE, and a trace amount of chloroethene (CE). With added formate and the injected TCFE concentration being a factor of 20 higher than that of TCE, the TCFE transformation rate ranged from 0.053 to 0.30 mumol/L-day, while that of TCE ranged from 0.009 to 0.012 mumol/L-day. Without added formate, the TCFE transformation rate decreased to 0.036 mumol/L-day. In the deeper water-bearing zone, TCFE transformation occurred only after a lag time of 55 days with added formate. No TCFE transformation occurred in groundwater that had not previously been exposed to TCE. The potential applicability for TCFE as an in situ transport and transformation surrogate for TCE was demonstrated.
Developing a multimedia environment for customized teaching of an adrenalectomy

We have developed a computer based simulation process which allows a surgical expert to create a customized operative environment. This virtual environment, the Toolkit for Illustration of Procedures in Surgery (3D TIPS), is deployed on a low-cost computer system and requires minimal training for the programmer. The learner can be engaged in training immediately and the educator can modify the system and annotate the procedure to highlight specific points using video clips, operative images, and the like. A laparoscopic adrenalectomy is presented as a proof of concept in the accompanying article.
The multiple layers of prevention science research.

Abstract A systematic framework for prevention science clinical research is described that explicitly links the identification of prevention needs to the implementation of research results in public health programs. The framework integrates five elements: advocacy and policy, community participation, prevention research, acceptability research, and operations and program development. These five elements are often viewed as disparate agendas, but an effective prevention science research enterprise requires that they be coordinated and integrated through all research stages—from the conceptual, to the experimental, and ultimately to the applied. Examples are provided of how this integration can be achieved from our experience in reproductive health and HIV prevention.
Out of this nettle, danger...

Searching for Safety. By Aaron Wildavsky. Social Philosophy and Policy Center, Bowling Green State University: 1988. Pp.253. Distributed by Transaction Books, New Brunswick, New Jersey/Ohio Press, Oxford. Hbk $32.95, £25.30; pbk $16.95, £11.25.
CONSEQUENCES OF NITROGEN ADDITIONS FOR SOIL LOSSES FROM WET TROPICAL FORESTS

Wet tropical forests growing on highly weathered soil, depleted in rock-derived nutrients, yet rich in nitrogen (N), may respond quite differently to anthropogenic N inputs than those growing on younger soils low in N. We evaluated the effects of first-time and long-term N additions on the pattern and regulation of hydrologic N losses from wet tropical forests located at the extreme ends of a soil age and fertility gradient in the Hawaiian Islands. In contrast to our expectations that a N-limited forest on 300-year-old soils would initially retain N inputs, both forests, regardless of soil age or fertility, responded to first-time N additions with immediate and significantly elevated nitrate (NO3−) solution losses. However, patterns of NO3− loss differed markedly between sites and largely reflected differences in hydrological processes due to soil age. In the N-limited forest on young soils, N additions to previously unfertilized soils resulted in significant microbial immobilization of ammonium (NH4+) an...
Pelvic denervation procedures: A current reappraisal

The introduction of minimally invasive techniques over recent years has led to the resurgence of pelvic denervation procedures such as presacral neurectomy and uterine nerve ablation being performed for women with dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Women who have failed medical therapy with persistent and debilitating symptoms may certainly benefit from these procedures. However, presacral neurectomy and uterine nerve ablation are distinct procedures that require appropriate patient selection in order to optimize pain relief. Whereas presacral neurectomy may be effective for both primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-related pelvic pain, the role of uterine nerve ablation should be reserved for patients with primary dysmenorrhea only, as evidenced by several randomized trials.
THE COMPARISON OF LEAST SQUARES AND THIRD‐ORDER PERIODOGRAM PROCEDURES IN THE ESTIMATION OF BIFREQUENCY

. Given a stretch of time series values, the third-order periodogram is investigated as a criterion for use in the estimation of bifrequencies, that is of frequency triples (ω1ω2, ω3) with ω3= 2ω -ω1ω2. The least squares estimates of such frequencies are compared with estimates derived by maximizing the modulus of the third-order periodogram. It is found that neither estimation procedure is uniformly better than the other.
UV laser pyrolysis fast gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid characterization of synthetic polymers: instrument development

Abstract We have designed and developed an instrument that combines a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, frequency quadrupled to 266 nm, with fast gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) for rapid characterization of synthetic polymers. The combined instrument integrates the processes of sampling by the laser, reconcentration of the volatile products, and sample introduction to the GC/TOF-MS. This method uses a UV laser as a fragmentation source, which can create pyrolysis fragments without prior sample pretreatment, even with transparent organic materials. Gaseous pyrolysis products are then concentrated on a cryogenic trap cooled by liquid carbon dioxide and thermally desorbed into the head of the chromatographic column for separation and identification of the components by GC/TOF-MS. Interfacing laser pyrolysis to fast GC/TOF-MS reduces overall analysis time without compromising the chromatographic peak information. This paper describes the design, construction and applications of UV laser pyrolysis-GC/TOF-MS for characterization of synthetic polymer samples. Results from this technique have been compared to conventional heated filament analysis.
Diffusion of new technology for the treatment of renovascular hypertension in the United States: surgical revascularization versus catheter-based therapy, 1988-2001.

Background Trends in the management of renovascular hypertension were evaluated by using a representative national database to determine whether a shift in treatment technology and outcomes has occurred. Methods Clinical information regarding the treatment of renovascular hypertension in 5433 patients from 1988 to 2001 was derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients were classified into 3 groups: combined aortic and renal revascularization, isolated renal revascularization, and catheter-based procedures (angioplasty with or without stenting). Population-based trends were determined by using sampling weights for each year to estimate the total number of each intervention in the United States. Outcomes were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis for risk-adjustment. Results A 73% decrease in combined aortic and renal revascularizations ( P = .033) and a 56% decrease in isolated renal revascularizations ( P P Conclusions A significant change in the management of patients with renovascular hypertension has occurred, with a shift towards less invasive catheter-based interventions. A better understanding of the diffusion of this technology in the treatment of individuals with renovascular hypertension will influence the training and distribution of future vascular specialists responsible for these patients.
Right hilar and mediastinal lymphnode metastases from unknown primary site

肺門, 縦隔リンパ節のみに癌病巣を認めた極めて稀な症例を経験した.症例は53歳の男性で, 胸部X線CT, MRIにて右肺門から上縦隔にかけて4cm大のリンパ節が連続性に腫大していた.胸腔鏡下にリンパ節生検を行いundifferentiated carcinomaの診断を得, 肺をはじめ全身検索をすすめたが原発巣と考えられるような癌病巣を認めなかった.右上葉支周囲リンパ節が最も腫大していたため肺原発の可能性も考え右上葉切除および縦隔リンパ節郭清を施行した.病理学的には肺, 胸腺には癌病巣を認めず電顕所見と総合し原発巣不明の低分化腺癌と診断した.術後は特に化学療法など施行していないが13ヵ月を経過して現在まで再発を認めていない.本症例は極めて稀なT0N2M0原発性肺癌もしくはリンパ節の迷入上皮原発癌の可能性も考えられた.
Building a public square: an analysis of community narratives

This paper explores how community narratives function as significant symbolic resources for community visioning. A rhetorical method of invention, focused on indentifying key topics, imitation, and...
Method and Postmethod: Are They Really So Incompatible?

TESOL Quarterly invites commentary on current trends or practices in the TESOL profession. It also welcomes responses or rebuttals to any articles or remarks published here in The Forum or elsewhere in the Quarterly.
Results on stability of instanton-induced compactification in eight dimensions

Abstract In an eight-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills system with the Yang-Mills field in a one-instanton configuration on an internal S 4 with a vacuum invariant under P 4 (Poincare) × SO(5) we demonstrate classical stability for Yang-Mills gauge group SU( N ) or SO( N ) for any N .
Computational complexity of recursively enumerable sets

We survey a variety of recent notions and results for classifying the computational complexity of a recursively enumerable (r.e.) set. These complexity theoretic notions are shown to be equivalent to various recursion theoretic notions and are used to relate the complexity properties of an r.e. set A to its algebraic structure in the appropriate lattice and to the information it encodes.
Effectiveness of the Glasscock dressing compared to the mastoid pressure dressing in cochlear implantation

Cochlear implantation (CI) has become a more commonly performed surgical procedure and has gradually evolved to become more minimally invasive. As a result, the necessity for a mastoid pressure dressing (MPD) has been questioned. The main purpose of this study is to look at one institution’s experience with use of the Glasscock dressing (GCD) in CI in the setting of postoperative wound complications. Ninety-five patients received 100 implants. There were 48 patients in the MPD group and 47 patients in the GCD group. In the MPD group, four patients developed a wound infection, which led to explantation in one patient, and one patient developed a postoperative seroma/hematoma. In the GCD group, two patients developed a wound infection that resolved with oral antibiotics, and three patients developed a postoperative seroma/hematoma. Paired t-testing revealed no statistically significant difference between groups when comparing complications. The GCD is an acceptable alternative to the MPD in CI patients.
Calmodulin and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities in erythrocytes from normal and schizophrenic subjects.

Abstract Calmodulin and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities were measured in hemolysates prepared from 18 normal and 17 schizophrenic subjects. No significant difference between groups was found for either activity. The results suggest that calmodulin is present in normal amounts in patients with schizophrenia. This is compatible with the idea that the interaction of calmodulin with antipsychotic agents is structurally non-specific.
Fast fourier integration of piecewise polynomial functions

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a high-speed technique for computing the discrete Fourier transform of a function. The FFT is exact only for discrete (sampled) functions. A technique is presented which utilizes the FFT and its associated computational speed, and computes the Fourier transform of "smooth" functions with better accuracy than the FFT alone. In particular, algorithms using the FFT for transformation of piecewise polynomial functions are presented.