cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Nutrient Interactions in Beta vulgaris L. as Influenced by Nitrogen Source, NO3- versus NH4+

Sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L. cv F58-554H1) were grown hydroponically in a 16-h light, 8-h dark period (photosynthetic photon flux density of 0.5 mmol m-2 s-1) for 4 weeks from sowing in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 7.5 mM nitrate. Half of the plants were then transferred to 7.5 mM ammonium N; the rest remained in solution with 7.5 mM nitrate N. Upon transfer from nitrate to ammonium, the total N concentration decreased sharply in the fibrous roots and petiole/midribs and increased substantially in the leaf blades. This was because of the decreased nitrate concentrations in fibrous roots and petioles and a concomitant increase in amino acid/amide-N and protein N in leaf blades. Sugar beets acclimated to ammonium partly by a 2.5-fold increase in glutamine synthase activity in fibrous roots and a 1.7-fold increase in leaf blades. Rapid ammonium assimilation into glutamine consumed carbon skeletons, leading to a depletion of foliar starch, sucrose, and maltose. Ammonium treatment stimulated activities of some glycolytic/Krebs cycle enzymes, e.g. pyruvate dehydrogenase. Nitrate-fed leaf blades contained substantially larger concentrations of osmolytes (i.e. nitrate, cations, and sucrose), which may have contributed to the faster rates of leaf expansion in nitrate-fed compared to ammonium-fed plants.
New South American species of Piperaceae

Piper ripagaudens / Piper Barkleyi Yuncker n. sp. / Piper Araquei Yuncker n. sp. / Piper longimucronatum Yuncker n. sp. / Piper virgatum Yuncker n. sp. / Piper scobinifolium Yuncker n. sp. / Piper pseudoarmatum Yuncker n. sp. / Piper criniovarium Yuncker n. sp. / Piper echinovarium Yuncker n. sp. / Piper taboganum C. DC. var. rugosum Yuncker n. var. / Trianaeopiper Haughtii Yuncker n. sp. / Peperomia persuculenta Yuncker n. sp. / Peperomia glanduligera Yuncker n. sp. / Peperomia glanduIigera var. villosissima Yuncker n. var. / Peperomia Philipsonii Yuncker n. sp.
Human–Nature Relationships in School Science: A Critical Discourse Analysis of a Middle-Grade Science Textbook

Science education has a central role to play in preparing a scientifically literate citizenry that is capable of understanding complex environmental challenges facing human societies and making well-informed and evidence-based decisions that help resolve these challenges. However, evidence suggests that most Americans are poorly equipped with the knowledge necessary for informed environmental action. In this study, we attempted to understand how the language of science textbooks works to represent the world for students in distinct ways that have serious implications for their ecological literacy. Using a methodological framework based on critical discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics, we focused on clarifying the textual representations of the relationships between natural and social systems as portrayed in a seventh-grade science textbook that is widely adopted in middle schools in Georgia, United States. Results indicate that this science textbook offers outdated representations of natural systems’ relationships with social systems and the role of human agency in these relationships. We discuss implications of these textual representations and call for reformed science textbooks that underscore the ecological embeddedness of the social world.
Development and initial testing of a computer-based patient decision aid to promote colorectal cancer screening for primary care practice

Although colorectal cancer screening is recommended by major policy-making organizations, rates of screening remain low. Our aim was to develop a patient-directed, computer-based decision aid about colorectal cancer screening and investigate whether it could increase patient interest in screening. We used content from evidence-based literature reviews and our previous decision aid research to develop a prototype. We performed two rounds of usability testing with representative patients to revise the content and format. The final decision aid consisted of an introductory segment, four test-specific segments, and information to allow comparison of the tests across several key parameters. We then conducted a before-after uncontrolled trial of 80 patients 50–75 years old recruited from an academic internal medicine practice. Mean viewing time was 19 minutes. The decision aid improved patients' intent to ask providers for screening from a mean score of 2.8 (1 = not at all likely to ask, 4 = very likely to ask) before viewing the decision aid to 3.2 afterwards (difference, 0.4; p < 0.0001, paired t-test). Most found the aid useful and reported that it improved their knowledge about screening. Sixty percent said they were ready to be tested, 18% needed more information, and 22% were not ready to be screened. Within 6 months of viewing, 43% of patients had completed screening tests. We conclude that a computer-based decision aid can increase patient intent to be screened and increase interest in screening. Practice Implications: This decision aid can be viewed by patients prior to provider appointments to increase motivation to be screened and to help them decide about which modality to use for screening. Further work is required to integrate the decision aid with other practice change strategies to raise screening rates to target levels.
San Diego Metropolitics: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability

This research identifies the suburban typology of the Saginaw area through a study of the social and fiscal disparities within the region. Municipal tax base and other demographic data, such as poverty rates measured at the school-level, are used to show wide variations in the capacities of suburban municipalities to provide local public services. The results show clear signs of current fiscal and social stress in the region. A range of regional fiscal, planning, and governance reforms are also evaluated.
Mesh adaption and flux discretizations for dopant diffusion modeling

Mesh generation for process simulation is a difficult task, complicated by both the moving boundaries and the time dependence of the solutions. For both computational and ease of use reasons, automatic mesh generation and discretization error control is desirable. This paper describes an approach based on local error estimates to refine the mesh. This paper extends our previous work to two-dimensional problems. >
Angiographic localization of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Summary The site of gastrointestinal bleeding has been shown by angiography in 11 of 16 patients with active bleeding and in 9 of 13 with chronic, intermittent bleeding. Our experience in these patients has led us to suggest the following radiological approach. If a patient is bleeding actively from an unknown gastrointestinal site angiography should be performed as the initial radiological procedure. If no bleeding site is demonstrated anglographically and the patient can be stabilized, barium examinations should then be done. In patients with chronic, intermittent bleeding barium examinations should be the initial radiological procedure. If no lesion is demonstrated, anglography should then be used.
Sources of interference in the attentional blink: Target-distractor similarity revisited

Observers monitored streams of words or letters (10 items/sec) for one or two targets. An attentional blink (AB) effect was observed in which identification of the first target temporarily impaired identification of the second target. Target identification was impaired when the distractors were composed of either letters or false-font characters (cf. Maki, Couture, Frigen, & Lien, 1997). An asymmetrical AB effect was observed with letters and mathematical symbols; the AB effect was largest for symbol targets and letter distractors. The characters used in these experiments were rated on their meaningfulness, familiarity, and other stimulus properties. The rating data showed that pixel density best accounted for the asymmetrical target-distractor similarity effects. Modulation of the AB effect by target-distractor similarity appears to result partly from low-level masking. But masking effects may be reduced by attentional capture by target features.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Ciprofloxacin for AIDS Patients with Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection

Patients with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection received rifampin (600 mg) plus ethambutol (25 mg/kg) plus ciprofloxacin (750 mg) or matching placebos daily for 8 weeks. Patients were monitored every 2 weeks clinically and by quantitating MAC colony-forming units (cfu) per milliliter of blood. Analysis of baseline characteristics revealed no significant differences between groups. After 8 weeks, MAC cfu had decreased by > or = 1 log/mL in 4 of 9 treated patients versus 0 of 10 placebo recipients while increasing by > or = 1 log/mL in 1 and 7, respectively (P = .006). While the average combined clinical response score declined in both groups, it tended to decrease less in treated patients (P = .36). On the other hand, dose-limiting toxicity (primarily nausea and adverse drug interactions) occurred in 9 of 12 treatment versus 1 of 12 placebo patients (P = .005). Combined rifampin [corrected]-ethambutol-ciprofloxacin therapy for disseminated MAC infection had significant microbiologic efficacy with some evidence of clinical efficacy but was associated with drug intolerance.
Generalization of prism adaptation

Prism exposure produces 2 kinds of adaptive response. Recalibration is ordinary strategic remapping of spatially coded movement commands to rapidly reduce performance error. Realignment is the extraordinary process of transforming spatial maps to bring the origins of coordinate systems into correspondence. Realignment occurs when spatial discordance signals noncorrespondence between spatial maps. In Experiment 1, generalization of recalibration aftereffects from prism exposure to postexposure depended upon the similarity of target pointing limb postures. Realignment aftereffects generalized to the spatial maps involved in exposure. In Experiment 2, the 2 kinds of aftereffects were measured for 3 test positions, one of which was the exposure training position. Recalibration aftereffects generalized nonlinearly, while realignment aftereffects generalized linearly, replicating Bedford (1989, 1993a) using a more familiar prism adaptation paradigm. Recalibration and realignment require methods for distinguishing their relative contribution to prism adaptation.
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF FUTURE LAND USE AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE: ARE THERE RACIAL DIFFERENCES?

People make subjective judgments about the severity of environmental problems and on future land use relying on certain information, and on their experiences with the problem. This article examines perceptions of the severity of environmental problems, willingness to expend future funds to solve these problems, and future land use for the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina as a function of race. The null hypothesis that there are no racial differences in perceptions was tested. Of those interviewed, 23% of the 399 people were black, 75% were white, and 2% identified themselves as other. Blacks were significantly more willing than whites to spend federal funds to solve environmental problems such as cleaning up the SRS and Superfund sites, fixing ozone depletion, and reducing the threats from radon and high-tension power lines. There were statistically significant racial differences in preferences for future land use at the SRS, with blacks having a higher preference for using it as a preserve, and whites having a higher preference for a research park, camping, hiking, and hunting. These results indicate that the environmental concerns of the blacks interviewed were equal to or stronger than those of the whites. This is in contrast to much of previously published work that shows that blacks exhibit lower concerns and actions than whites for environmental problems.
Anything and Everything

Some novel solutions to problems in mathematics and philosophy involve employing schemas rather than quantified expressions to formulate certain propositions. Crucial to these solutions is an insistence that schematic generality is distinct from quantificational generality. Although many concede that schemas and quantified expressions function differently, the dominant view appears to be that the generality expressed by the former is ultimately reducible to the latter. In this paper, I argue against this view, which I call the ‘Reductionist view’. But instead of focusing on the difference between schemas and quantified expressions in formal systems, as most proponents of schemas have done, I focus on the difference between their supposed linguistic correlates, i.e., any statements and every-statements. Drawing insights from prominent accounts of the difference between these kinds of statements, I develop an alternative account. I argue that this account is not only preferable in its own right but it also supplies a response to the Reductionist view.
Coping effectively with invasive medical procedures: A descriptive model

Abstract Invasive medical procedures impose various demands on a patient who may be experiencing a temporary or partial loss of the control responses needed to modify the stressful nature of the situation. Historical models that attempt to describe the nature of coping with medical procedures are limited in that they are conceptually narrow and fail to find consistent research support. Intervention strategies that are derived from these approaches fail to account for individual differences in both coping ability and situational demands. The present paper presents a descriptive model of coping with invasive medical procedures. The model emphasizes the interactional relationship between actual and perceived demand and coping resources. Coping is conceived in terms of overt behavioral, physiological, and cognitive control. Effective coping is described in terms of affective responses and recovery responses. Implications of this model for clinical intervention and future research are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF AERATION ON THE GROWTH OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL.

A greenhouse experiment was designed to investigate the correlations between waterlogging and aeration, and associated changes in pH, redox potentials and sulfide concentrations, on the growth of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Elemental concentrations of the aerial and root material were determined and used for correlations with growth response. Redox potentials adjusted to pH 7 (Eh 7) ranged from - 184 mv to 5 mv and were highly correlated (r) with aerial and root dry weight biomass (.97 and .97, respectively) and plant height (1.0). The range of soil pH at the conclusion of the study was 6.07 to 6.74 and was negatively correlated with aerial and root dry weight biomass. Sulfide concentrations ranged from 10-2 to 10-7 M and vorrelations with aerial and root dry weights and height were -.85, -.85 and -.87, respectively. High negative correlations were found between sodium and sulfur concentrations and S. alterniflora growth. Positive correlations between potassium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc, copper, iron and growth response were also observed. Correlations of elemental concentrations of the plants with redox potentials and/or pH suggest that these two physical variables may be responsible in part for the regulation of S. alterniflora growth in nature by regulating availability of nutritional elements. SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA Loisel. is a dominant wetland plant species in East and Gulf Coast salt marshes of the United States. The fact that S. alterniflora survives its rather unique environment of periodic to erratic inundation by salt
Phosphorescence and energy assignment of acetaldehyde-d4(3A″) in the vapor phase

Abstract The phosphorescence spectrum of CD 3 CDO( 3 A″) has been obtained by collisional sensitization with triplet state sensitizers. The energy of CD 3 CDO( 3 A″) has been assigned at 27 400 ± 200 cm −1 .
Children's conceptions of dreams☆

Abstract Children's conceptions of dreams are an important component of their developing understanding of the mind. Although there is much that even adults do not understand about the nature of dreams, most adults in Western society believe that: Dream entities are not real in the sense that they are nonphysical; they are private in the sense that they are not available to public perception, and are not directly shared with other dreamers; and, dreams are typically fictional in content. Thus, children in our society must confront several dualisms with respect to dreams, such as their physical versus nonphysical, perceptually-public versus perceptually-private, and shared versus individuated nature. Thirty-two children, aged 3- and 4-years-old, were told stories about children who were dreaming about an object, playing with an object, or looking at a photograph of an object, and then were asked questions about the status of these entities with regard to these three dualisms. All children judged dream entities, photographs, and physical objects to be appropriately different in terms of physical versus nonphysical properties and in terms of perceptually-public versus private status. They also understood the fictional nature of dreams. However, whereas most 4-year-olds understood that dreams are individuated, many 3-year-olds believed that dreams are directly shared by more than one person. These findings contrast with earlier research characterizing children's understanding of dreams as realistic. We reconcile these contrasting findings by discussing methodological differences, and we situate our findings regarding children's understanding of dreams within the context of contemporary research on children's theory of mind.
Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Head Trauma in the Emergency Department: Current Concepts and State-of-the-Art Research

Head trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Acute management of infants and children with head injury requires particular attention to avoiding systemic hypotension, hyperthermia, and hypoxemia so as to minimize secondary brain injury, the most common cause of poor outcome and death after head trauma. Acute evaluation of the head-injured child requires careful history-taking with a focus on the mechanism and biomechanics of the injury, and a physical examination that includes a complete neurologic examination. Issues in the management of the pediatric patient with head trauma include the need for cranial computed tomography, hospitalization, outpatient follow-up, and consideration of the possibility of child abuse.
Understanding the Better Than Average Effect Motives (Still) Matter

People evaluate themselves more positively than they evaluate most other people. Although this better than average (BTA) effect was originally thought to represent a motivated bias, several cognitively oriented theorists have questioned whether this is the case. In support of a motivational model, the author reports five studies showing that the BTA effect is stronger for important attributes than unimportant ones (all five studies) and that once attribute importance is taken into account, the effect occurs when self-evaluations are compared with a single peer (Study 2) and when self is specified as the referent rather than the target (Study 4). Finally, Study 5 shows that the BTA effect increases in magnitude after participants experience a threat to their feelings of self-worth. Collectively, these findings establish that motivational processes underlie the BTA effect.
The Association of Weight With the Detection of Airflow Obstruction and Inhaled Treatment Among Patients With a Clinical Diagnosis of COPD

Abstract BACKGROUND: Most patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD have not had spirometry to confirm airflow obstruction (AFO). Overweight and obese patients report more dyspnea than normal weight patients, which may be falsely attributed to AFO. We sought to determine whether overweight and obese patients who received a clinical diagnosis of COPD were more likely to receive a misdiagnosis (ie, lack of AFO on spirometry) and be subsequently treated with inhaled medications. METHODS: The cohort comprised US veterans with COPD ( International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision , code; inhaled medication use; or both) and spirometry measurements from one of three Pacific Northwest Veterans Administration Medical Centers. The measured exposures were overweight and obesity (defined by BMI categories). Outcomes were (1) AFO on spirometry and (2) escalation or deescalation of inhaled therapies from 3 months before spirometry to 9 to 12 months after spirometry. We used multivariable logistic regression with calculation of adjusted proportions for all analyses. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of 5,493 veterans who had received a clinical diagnosis of COPD had AFO. The adjusted proportion of patients with AFO decreased as BMI increased ( P P = .014]; obese, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.57-0.63; P = .001]). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obese patients are more likely to be given a misdiagnosis of COPD and not have their inhaled medications deescalated after spirometry demonstrated no AFO. Providers may be missing potential opportunities to recognize and treat other causes of dyspnea in these patients.
Informative trading or just costly noise? An analysis of Central Bank interventions ☆

Abstract We conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of Central Bank intervention on the process of price formation in foreign exchange markets. The main contributions of this paper are (i) in considering the effects of official interventions on multiple dimensions of such a process beyond the first and second moment of currency returns and (ii) in exploiting insights from the analysis of market liquidity in proximity of these trades to explain their effectiveness. For that purpose, we employ a unique dataset of tick-by-tick indicative quotes and intraday (informative) sterilized spot interventions and (uninformative) customer transactions executed by the Swiss National Bank (SNB) on the Swiss Franc/U.S. Dollar exchange rate (CHFUSD) between 1996 and 1998. Using several empirical strategies (some of which are novel to the exchange rate literature), we find that the effectiveness of these trades is crucially related to their perceived information content, rather than to imperfect substitutability or inventory considerations. Indeed, regardless of their size, only SNB interventions (especially when unexpected or leaning against the wind) have significant and persistent effects on daily CHFUSD returns, although they often fail to smooth currency fluctuations. Nonetheless, only SNB interventions, regardless of their effectiveness, induce significant misinformation and heterogeneity of beliefs among market participants and deteriorate market liquidity. These externalities always translate into higher, economically significant transaction costs borne by investors.
Record keeping in two types of relationships

On the basis of a distinction between communal and exchange relationships (Clark & Mills, 1979; Mills & Clark, 1982), the following predictions were made: (a) Members of exchange relationships would keep track of individual inputs into joint tasks and (b) members of communal relationships would not. These hypotheses were tested in three studies. In each study, subjects worked on a task with a partner with whom they (a) desired or had a communal relationship or (b) desired or had an exchange relationship. The task involved locating and circling number sequences in a large matrix. Whether subjects used a pen of the same or of a different color from that used by their partner served as the dependent measure. If partners worked with pens of the same color individual inputs wee obscured. If they worked with different color pens, individual inputs were clear. Given this, if the proportion of subjects in a condition choosing different color pens was greater than 50% (chance), it was taken as evidence that subjects in that condition were trying to keep track of individual inputs. If this proportion was less than 50%, it was taken as evidence that subjects were trying to avoid keeping track of individual inputs. As predicted, in all three studies the proportion of subjects in the exchange conditions who chose a different color pen was significantly greater than 50% and was significantly greater than the proportion of subjects in the communal conditions who chose a different color pen. Also as expected, in no study was this percentage greater than 50% in he communal conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Computerized Architectural and Topographical Survey of Ancient Corinth

Abstract Modern computer technology is rapidly changing the way in which large-scale architectural and topographical survey projects are being carried out. The Corinth Computer Project in Greece is making a survey of all of the above-ground archaeological evidence for the successive Greek and Roman cities. An “electronic total station,” in conjunction with PC based computers and commercially-available architectural drafting, civil engineering, and survey software, is being used to map more than 30 sq km of the ancient city and its environs. Information from topographical maps, air photographs, excavation drawings, and photographs, all carefully calibrated and scaled, is being integrated into the computerized map. The evidence of ancient roadways, monuments, and structures is being combined with the physical evidence of ancient agricultural land division in order to create a detailed map of the ancient city and neighboring territory. The methodology that is being utilized at Corinth could be employed at ot...
Thermal conductivity of Pd40Ni40−xCuxP20 metallic glasses

Abstract The thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity of Pd 40 Ni 40− x Cu x P 20 bulk amorphous alloys with x =0, 20, and 30 has been measured from 300 to 400 K. Using the electrical conductivity data and the Wiedemann–Franz law, the thermal conductivity is separated into electron and phonon contributions.
Beyond sparsity: Universally stable compressed sensing when the number of ‘free’ values is less than the number of observations

Recent results in compressed sensing have shown that a wide variety of structured signals can be recovered from undersampled and noisy linear observations. In this paper, we show that many of these signal structures can be modeled using an union of affine subspaces, and that the fundamental number of observations needed for stable recovery is given by the number of “free” values, i.e. the dimension of the largest subspace in the union. One surprising consequence of our results is that the fundamental phase transition for random discrete-continuous signal models can be attained by a universal estimator that does not depend on the distribution.
Mixing Closures for Conservation Laws in Stratified Flows

A closure for shocks involving the mixing of the fluids in two-layer stratified flows is proposed. The closure maximizes the rate of mixing, treating the dynamical hydraulic equations and entropy conditions as constraints. This closure may also be viewed as yielding an upper bound on the mixing rate by internal shocks. It is shown that the maximal mixing rate is accomplished by a shock moving at the fastest allowable speed against the upstream flow. Depending on whether the active constraint limiting this speed is the Lax entropy condition or the positive dissipation of energy, we distinguish precisely between internal hydraulic jumps and bores. Maximizing entrainment is shown to be equivalent to maximizing a suitable entropy associated to mixing. By using the latter, one can describe the flow globally by an optimization procedure, without treating the shocks separately. A general mathematical framework is formulated that can be applied whenever an insufficient number of conservation laws is supplemented by a maximization principle.
Whole head mapping of magnetic fields following painful electric finger shock

Painful intracutaneous electric finger shock was delivered to the fifth digit of the non-dominant hand of five healthy volunteers. Whole head evoked magnetic field maps were collected and cortical localizations were calculated using local sphere equivalent current dipole fits. MRI scans were used to identify the anatomical structures where magnetic field sources were located. Anatomically, sources were identified bilaterally in the primary somatosensory region and SII-Insula regions. Additionally, frontal operculum sources were observed contralaterally in two subjects. Temporally, an initial contralateral SI activation at 40-60 ms was followed by several SII-Insula responses over the next several hundred milliseconds (ms). These SII-Insula responses were often interspersed with additional activations of the SI region. These later responses were observed in both hemispheres.
A modified Escherichia coli chaperonin (groEL) polypeptide synthesized in tobacco and targeted to the chloroplasts

The coding region for theEscherichia coli groEL (chaperonin-60) polypeptide was fused downstream of a pea rubisco small subunit transit peptide coding sequence under the control of a tandem 35S CaMV promoter. Transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) containing this modifiedgroEL gene were produced. The modified groEL polypeptide was correctly imported into chloroplasts and accumulated to high or low levels in different plants. The majority of the modified groEL polypeptide was processed correctly to the mature form within the chloroplasts. Approximately 20% of the imported polypeptides retained a portion of the N-terminal transit peptide (TPgroEL). Both groEL and TPgroEL polypeptides assembled into tetradecameric species in the chloroplasts. In plants accumulating high levels of these products, the majority of the plant chaperonin-60 polypeptides in the chloroplast were present in novel hybrid tetradecameric species containing both bacterial and plant chaperonin-60 polypeptides. In plants accumulating low levels of groEL, the predominant species present appeared to be authentic plant cpn6014 and authentic bacterial groEL14. The growth and development of transgenic and control tobacco plants were indistinguishable.
STRATEGIC PLANNING IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: A DIALECTICAL APPROACH

Abstract The decision-making approach to technolgy transfer has not received adequate attention in technology transfer studies. This paper uses the dialectical inquiry system to show how multinational corporations (MNCs) can transfer appropriate technology to less developed countries (LDCs). The process based on achieving “reasonable compatible” goals between MNCs and LDCs will lead to synergistic effects and further progress in the trasfer of technology. Conflict leads to incompatibility in goals. It is not necessary that all conflicting goals be resolved. In fact, such conflicts may contribute substantially to the perpetuation of the technological relationship. A relationship without conflict may be devoid of the dynamism that frequently arises from disharmony and dissonance. The paper further introduces the Enthalpy-Entropy cycle to show the consequences of making the right decisions as well as the consequences of poor planning and implementation of technology. The framework introduced in this paper offers a strategic planning approach that can enhance the decision-making process of both the MNCs and LCDs.
Painting Mountains and Rivers: Gary Snyder, Dōgen, and the Elemental Sutra of the Wild

In this essay I hope to make some new contributions to the philosophical opening occasioned by John Sallis’ articulation of an “elementology” more broadly and by his turn to Guo Xi’s exquisite Song Dynasty shan-shui scroll painting, Early Spring (in his forthcoming work, Senses of Landscape) more particularly. I do so by bringing the remarkable writings by the American poet and thinker Gary Snyder, especially in relationship to his reading of the great Kamakura Zen Master Eihei Dōgen, directly into the fray of contemporary Continental discourses on the elemental and the ecological. At the heart of this project is Snyder’s development of Dōgen’s elemental discourse of “mountains, rivers, and the great earth.” Like Sallis’ own efforts to recast language into a more elemental discourse, this essay will also focus on the manners of speaking specific to the philosophical and poetic self-presentation of the elements, including the relationship between the philosophical and the artistic as such.
Establishing benchmarks in compliance assessment for the ballast water management convention by port state control

The unanimous adoption of the International Convention for the Control of Ballast Water and Sediments by the member states of the International Maritime Organization on 13 February 2004 was seen at...
Single bubble nucleation and collapse in superfluid helium

In a Berthelot tube, a homogeneous liquid is confined to a constant volume while its temperature is varied. In a normal fluid the temperature is lowered until a it enters the metastable state and a bubble is nucleated, the nucleation typically being governed by heterogeneous nucleation. Upon warming the liquid, the bubble will collapse at a well defined temperature somewhat warmer than the nucleation point. The collapse however is accelerated by pressure due to surface tension. In superfluid helium a density maximum occurs near the lambda point so a bubble is nucleated by warming the helium. We report on measurements taken with high resolution thermometers in the Lambda Point Experiment calorimeter both on the ground and in microgravity as well as measurements taken in the CHeX calorimeter.
Diphtheria Toxin Submit Active in vitro

Exposure of diphtheria toxin to dithiothreitol (and similar thiols) resulted in a subunit which was active in catalyzing the adenosine diphosphateribosylation of mammalian aminoacyl-transferase II in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. At the same time there was a marked increase in total ADP-ribosylation activity. A molecule which was apparently identical to the derived subunit in size and activity was detected in partially purified preparations of toxin.
The lysis of Trypanosoma brucei brucei by human serum

The natural immunity of humans to the cattle pathogen Trypanosoma brucei brucei, but not to the morphologically indistiguishable human pathogens T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense, is due to the selective killing of the parasite by normal human serum. The factor in human serum that mediates lysis of T. brucei brucei has long been attributed to a minor subclass of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Evidence indicates that the trypanolytic activity of isolated human HDL is due to peroxidase activity of an associated haptoglobin-related protein-hemoglobin complex. However, recent data suggest that the trypanolytic activity of HDL may be completely inhibited in whole human serum, and that trypanolytic activity of norman human serum is due to a second, less well-defined factor of high molecular weight. Current research aimed at understanding the mechamisms of cytotoxicity and the affected metabolic pathways may open new approaches for the development of specific drugs and vaccines against trypanosomiasis.
Commentary on: New Insights Into Physical Findings Associated With Postblepharoplasty Lower Eyelid Retraction

An analysis of the clinical findings in patients referred to a single surgeon with the problem of lower lid retraction following blepharoplasty is welcomed information. The reported series includes 46 patients over almost a 2-year recent period and should be of keen interest to surgeons who perform lower lid blepharoplasty.1 The series reported includes almost 2 patients per month, which is a good sampling of patients with this problem. Commonly recognized problems were present in the series: skin shortage (79%), unaddressed lower lid laxity (62%), and middle lamellae scarring (17%), as well as some not so commonly recognized. A preexisting negative vector (in many cases unrecognized global globe prominence) (65%) is a known pitfall when performing lower lid blepharoplasty. Not so common factors recognized by the author were inferior orbit/lower lid volume deficits (70%) and orbicularis weakness (87%). As indicated in the article, as from my own personal experience, many of these occur in combination, which makes surgical efforts at repair a difficult situation. The author includes descriptions of his methods of quantitation or certification of each problem, which is a worthwhile checklist for any surgeon facing restoration of these patients. They include the following:
Deficits in motor co-ordination and attention at 3 years of age predict motor deviations in 6.5-year-old children who needed neonatal intensive care.

Background A total of 189 children without major impairments who needed neonatal intensive care (NIC) were followed up at ages 3 and 6.5 years. Aim To determine the prevalence of different motor deviations at age 6.5 years and the co-occurrence of attention deficits; also, to analyse the predictive ability of motor co-ordination and attention assessments at age 3 years for motor deviations at 6.5 years. Method A combined assessment of motor performance and behaviour (CAMPB) was used at the 3-year examination. The Test of Motor Impairment (TOMI) and the Motor-Perceptual Development (MPU) were used together with the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) to define motor deviations. Results At 6.5 years 64% of the children showed a motor deviation either as a delay according to MPU, a problem according to TOMI or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) according to DSM-IV-TR. Higher proportions of children with attention deficit (50%) were found in the DCD group. The predictive ability of CAMPB was analysed in two ways: when all children with either a co-ordination or attention deficit, or both, at 3 years were considered to be at risk for motor deviations at 6.5 years, the sensitivity reached 78% and the specificity was 42%. But when only the 3 year olds with a combined deficit were considered to be at risk, the sensitivity was 37% and the specificity 89%; however, a positive predictive value of 86% was reached. Conclusion At 6.5 years of age a majority of NIC children with no major impairments showed motor deviations. To fulfil the DCD criteria in DSM-IV-TR, a strict definition of motor deviations is recommended. Attention deficits are more prevalent among children with DCD. Deficits in motor co-ordination and/or attention in 3-year-old children are strong predictors of motor deviations and, especially, of DCD at 6.5 years of age.
Neuropsychological Deficit and Self-Reported Delinquency in an Unselected Birth Cohort

Abstract The Self-Report Early Delinquency instrument and a research battery of neuropsychological tests were administered blindly to a large unselected cohort of 13-year-old male and female subjects. Findings were cross-validated using split halves of the cohort. A pattern of verbal, visuospatial-motor integration, and memory deficits contributed variance to delinquency beyond that explained by social disadvantage, suggesting that some patterns of cognitive deficit may be associated with delinquent behavior. The significance of such a finding in a young cohort, not yet actively involved in or influenced by a life of delinquency, is discussed.
AN EFFICIENT JOB SCHEDULING ALGORITHM IN PARTITIONABLE MESH CONNECTED SYSTEMS

In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling independent jobs in partitionable mesh connected systems. The problem is NP-hard, since it includes the multiprocessor scheduling problem as a special case when all jobs request for one processor. We analyze a simple approximation algorithm called Am. In particular, we show that if the sizes of submeshes requested by jobs are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables uniformly distributed in the range [1..M1]×[1..M2], where M1×M2 is the size of a partitionable mesh connected system, and task execution times are i.i.d. random variables with finite mean and variance, then the average-case performance ratio E(Am(L))/E(OPT(L)) is asymptotically bounded from above by 1.6637594…. The average-case performance ratio improves significantly when jobs request for square submeshes or small submeshes.
The influence of normal innervation upon abnormal synaptic connections between frog parasympathetic neurons

Synaptic connections form between parasympathetic neurons in the frog cardiac ganglion when their normal preganglionic innervation is removed. The synapses between the ganglion cells are inappropriate in the sense that they are absent in normally innervated ganglia. These novel synapses form slowly; they are readily detected by intracellular recording only after 1–2 months of preganglionic denervation. After 3 months of extrinsic denervation two-thirds of the ganglion cells receive physiologically detectable postganglionic inputs, yet the efficacy of these synapses remains substantially less than that of native, preganglionic synapses. This reduction in efficacy is caused at least in part by the location of the postganglionic synapses; electron microscopy reveals them to be situated on the axons of ganglion cells, whereas preganglionic axons terminate primarilly on the cell bodies. The intrinsic synapses that form in the absence of extrinsic innervation are no longer detectable physiologically after ganglion cells are reinnervated by preganglionic axons. This suppression of connections between ganglion cells is nearly complete (90%) and is a consequence of competition with preganglionic axons: it does not occur in the absence of preganglionic reinnervation. The data indicate that the presence of preganglionic inputs to the ganglion cells discourages the formation and maintenance of synaptic connections between them.
Response of superconducting point contacts to high-frequency radiation

Abstract The high frequency response predicted by a perturbation approach for a highly damped current driven Josephson junction agrees in its parameter dependence remarkably well with observations on point contacts used as video type detectors of microwave radiation.
Cross tolerance between anorectic action and induction of Fos-ir with dexfenfluramine and 5HT1B/2C agonists in rats.

Rationale: We have shown that the anorectic effect of dexfenfluramine (DFEN), an agent that acutely increases synaptic availability of serotonin (5-HT), shows complete tolerance after 2–3 prior applications when using acute feeding protocols and low dosages. It is unlikely this is due to either accumulative weight loss or presynaptic 5-HT depletion. In this study, we examined the possible contribution of 5-HT1B/2C receptors to behavioral tolerance by testing for cross tolerance between DFEN and the 5-HT1B/2C receptor agonists, m-chloro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted phenylpiperazines (mCPP and TFMPP). Additionally, we sought neuronal correlates of the behavioral changes by study of the induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (ir) in discrete brain regions. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received two or three pre-injections, at 2-day intervals, of 2 mg/kg DFEN or vehicle. The rats were then food deprived for 24 h and, 30 min prior to a 1-h feeding test, received a s.c. injection of either DFEN, TFMPP (1 mg/kg), or mCPP (2 mg/kg). Additional groups received mCPP pre-injections and test injection of either DFEN or mCPP. Rats in Fos-ir studies received similar injection regimens but were not food deprived and were perfused 1.5 h after the test injection. Results: DFEN-pretreated rats showed complete anorectic tolerance to DFEN, TFMPP, and mCPP. However, rats given this regimen of mCPP pretreatment were tolerant to neither mCPP nor DFEN. Fos-ir induced by DFEN in each brain region examined was either significantly reduced or abolished by prior DFEN injections. TFMPP induced less Fos-ir in these regions than DFEN and this was attenuated by prior DFEN. Conclusions: The behavioral data indicate that tolerance to DFEN anorexia is mediated partially or completely by functional subsensitivity at 5-HT1B and/or 5-HT2C receptors. The brain regions implicated include the paraventricular hypothalamus, medial striatum, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract.
Radioiododemercuration: a simple synthesis of 5-[123/125/127I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.

Abstract Through the use of iododemercuration, 5-[ 123/125 I]iodo-2′-deoxyuridine was synthesized rapidly and with high radiochemical purity from 5-chloromercuri-2′-deoxyuridine. The synthesis of radioiodinated 2′-deoxyuridine was achieved in one step in the presence of Iodogen in 50% yield after isolation by reverse phase high performance column chromatography. The radiochemical purity was greater than 99%. The ease and rapidity of both preparation and isolation of no-carrier-added 5-[ 123/125 I]iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, as well as the absence of any starting material, suggests that radiohalodemercuration may be the method of choice for this and structurally similar compounds.
Dynamics of distributed sources

The dynamics of distributed sources is described by nonlinear partial differential equations. Lagrangian analytical solutions of these (and associated) equations are obtained and discussed in the context of Lagrangian modeling—from the Lagrangian invariants to dynamics. Possible applications of distributed sources and sinks to geophysical fluid dynamics and to the cosmology are indicated.
Integration in Central Asia: From theory to policy

(1997). Integration in Central Asia: From theory to policy. Central Asian Survey: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 573-586.
Abstract 4947: Quantitativein vivoimaging of oncolytic virus replication

Oncolytic replication competent viruses are increasingly being tested in clinical trials. Their optimal use would be greatly facilitated by technologies that enable repeated and quantitative estimation of the location and population size of the virus as it propagates within the tumor. To address this, we have generated two replication competent measles viruses (MV) that express the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in injected cells. One virus, MV-NIS is in Phase 1 clinical trials and kills cells by formation of syncytia. The second virus, MV-I98A-NIS has a mutation in the MV hemagglutinin protein that prevents syncytium formation and kills cells by lysis. Cells infected with MV-I98A-NIS remain viable for longer compared to MV-NIS and are expected to express higher concentrations of NIS, facilitating in vivo imaging. BxPC-3 human pancreatic carcinoma cells were implanted in the flank of nude mice. Subsequently, the mice were injected with Opti-MEM (control), MV-NIS or MV-I98A-NIS (1x10 7 TCID 50 /ml) via the tail vein. On days 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17 and 19 after virus injection, mice from the control, and virus injected groups were imaged with SPECT/CT (U-SPECT II) 1 hour after injection of 99m Tc. Immediately afterwards, the mice were euthanized, the tumors excised, weighed and isotope activity measured. The tumors were divided into parts for histologic analysis and RNA extraction. NIS gene expression was determined by Q-RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, while viral genome copy number was determined by Q-RT-PCR for the nucleoprotein (N). Image analysis using ROI was performed using AMIDE with background correction across all imaging planes. There was no correlation between tumor mass (volume) and isotope uptake (R 2 =0.0001 and 0.0051 for MV-NIS and MV-I98A-Nis respectively) suggesting that isotope uptake was strictly linked to virus infection. There was a strong, linear correlation between the levels of virus dependent NIS expression and isotope activity within the tumor (R 2 =0.79 and 0.93 for MV-NIS and MV-I98A-NIS respectively). Tumors infected with MV-I98A-NIS had a higher concentration of isotope compared with MV-NIS (p Citation Format: Mi-Yeon Jung, Matthew K. Ennis, Chetan P. Offord, David Dingli. Quantitative in vivo imaging of oncolytic virus replication. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4947. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4947