cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor suppressor genes and their alterations in breast cancer.

Abstract Tumor suppressor genes were first identified in inherited cancer syndromes, and were later shown to be involved in sporadic cancer as well. Over a dozen tumor suppressor genes have now been discovered including a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1. Germ-line mutation of tumor suppressor genes is associated with an inherited predisposition to a limited tumor spectrum, but somatic mutations in tumors are heterogeneous. The 16 characterized tumor suppressor genes are involved in diverse functions including cell cycle regulation, check point control, transcriptional, repression, signal transduction modulation, and DNA repair. These studies demonstrate that disturbance in cell proliferation, genetic stability and cell death could all precede tumorigenesis.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy improves lymph node coverage and dose to critical structures compared with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify gains in lymph node coverage and critical structure dose reduction for whole-pelvis (WP) and extended-field (EF) radiotherapy in prostate cancer using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) compared with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for the first treatment phase of 45 Gy in the concurrent treatment of lymph nodes and prostate. Methods and Materials: From January to August 2005, 35 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with pelvic IMRT; 7 had nodes defined up to L5-S1 (Group 1), and 28 had nodes defined above L5-S1 (Group 2). Each patient had 2 plans retrospectively generated: 1 WP 3DCRT plan using bony landmarks, and 1 EF 3DCRT plan to cover the vascular defined volumes. Dose-volume histograms for the lymph nodes, rectum, bladder, small bowel, and penile bulb were compared by group. Results: For Group 1, WP 3DCRT missed 25% of pelvic nodes with the prescribed dose 45 Gy and missed 18% with the 95% prescribed dose 42.75 Gy, whereas WP IMRT achieved V 45 Gy = 98% and V 42.75 Gy = 100%. Compared with WP 3DCRT, IMRT reduced bladder V 45 Gy by 78%, rectum V 45 Gy by 48%, and small bowel V 45 Gy by 232 cm 3 . EF 3DCRT achieved 95% coverage of nodes for all patients at high cost to critical structures. For Group 2, IMRT decreased bladder V 45 Gy by 90%, rectum V 45 Gy by 54% and small bowel V 45 Gy by 455 cm 3 compared with EF 3DCRT. Conclusion: In this study WP 3DCRT missed a significant percentage of pelvic nodes. Although EF 3DCRT achieved 95% pelvic nodal coverage, it increased critical structure doses. IMRT improved pelvic nodal coverage while decreasing dose to bladder, rectum, small bowel, and penile bulb. For patients with extended node involvement, IMRT especially decreases small bowel dose.
Spontaneous emulsification produced by diffusion. A review

Abstract Some observations of and possible explanations for spontaneous emulsification are reviewed. Emphasis is on situations where diffusion produces regions of local supersaturation and consequently nucleation of emulsion drops. In surfactant systems swelling of the lamellar liquid crystalline phase in the form of myelinic figures and vesicular structures can also lead to spontaneous formation of dispersions. The importance of knowledge of system phase behavior in understanding the origin of emulsification is stressed, especially in surfactant systems where various micellar solutions, microemulsions, and lyotropic liquid crystals may occur. It is possible that lack of such knowledge may have led to oversimplified explanations of emulsification in some systems in the past.
‘Theatricality’ in Tapestries and Mystery Plays and its Afterlife in Painting

This paper focuses on the performance of a mystery play, known as the ‘Vengeance of our Lord’, which enacted the destruction of Jerusalem, and on tapestries depicting the same theme. I demonstrate that the two media engaged a similar mode of representation, relied on their spectators’ participation, and called attention to the artifi ce of the events they depicted or enacted, characteristics traditionally associated negatively with the term ‘theatricality’. These tapestries recall theexperience of watching a mystery play and offer an alternative to a classical model of imitation. In contrast, a group of paintings on the ‘Vengeance’ theme limits the scope of the action and the viewers’ participation. The production of the paintings parallels the regulation of mystery play performances and points to the role of images in the ‘modern’ play-going experience.
Intranasal trigeminal stimulation from odorous volatiles: Psychometric responses from anosmic and normal humans ☆

Abstract Psychometric ratings of the perceived intensity, pleasantness, coolness, warmth, and presumptive safety of high concentrations of 47 nasally-inhaled chemicals commonly used in olfactory research were established for three groups of human observers (n = 15/group): (1) anosmics lacking olfactory (CN I), but not trigeminal (CN V), nerve function; (2) normals asked to rate only intranasal trigeminal (CN V) sensations (trigeminal focus group); and (3) normals asked to rate the overall odor experience in the traditional fashion. Forty-five of the 47 compounds were detected by at least some proportion of the anosmics in a forced-chice test. Although differences in the rated intensities of the stimuli were present between the three experimental groups, the relative rankings of the intensity responses were quite similar (rs ranging from 0.92 to 0.97). The pleasantness and presumed safety of the chemicals varied inversely with the perceived intensity in all three groups. The use of 11 to 13 readily-available and computer-derived molecular descriptors in linear learning machine pattern recognition analyses separated the 47 stimuli correctly into four discrete intensity classes. A multiple linear regression equation based upon such molecular descriptors (multiple R = .88) proved successful in predicting the perceived trigeminal intensities of 12 chemical stimuli similar in general structure to members of the original stimulus set (r = .80 between predicted and observed intensities). These results emphasize the importance of trigeminal input in human nasal chemoreception and support the notion that the perceived intensities of nasally-inhaled stimulants can be mathematically predicted from relatively simple physicochemical and molecular structural parameters.
Biosynthesis of the Antimicrobial Peptide Epilancin 15X and Its N-Terminal Lactate

Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptides. The recently discovered lantibiotic epilancin 15X produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis 15X154 contains an unusual N-terminal lactate group. To understand its biosynthesis, the epilancin 15X biosynthetic gene cluster was identified. The N-terminal lactate is produced by dehydration of a serine residue in the first position of the core peptide by ElxB, followed by proteolytic removal of the leader peptide by ElxP and hydrolysis of the resulting new N-terminal dehydroalanine. The pyruvate group thus formed is reduced to lactate by an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase designated ElxO. The enzymatic activity of ElxB, ElxP, and ElxO were investigated in vitro or in vivo and the importance of the N-terminal modification for peptide stability against bacterial aminopeptidases was assessed.
Potentials and challenges of integration for complex metal oxides in CMOS devices and beyond

This review focuses on recent accomplishments on complex metal oxide based multifunctional materials and the potential they hold in advancing integrated circuits. It begins with metal oxide based high-? materials to highlight the success of their integration since 45?nm complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor (CMOS) devices. By simultaneously offering a higher dielectric constant for improved capacitance as well as providing a thicker physical layer to prevent the quantum mechanical tunnelling of electrons, high-? materials have enabled the continued down-scaling of CMOS based devices. The most recent technology driver has been the demand to lower device power consumption, which requires the design and synthesis of novel materials, such as complex metal oxides that exhibit remarkable tunability in their ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and multiferroic properties. These properties make them suitable for a wide variety of applications such as magnetoelectric random access memory, radio frequency band pass filters, antennae and magnetic sensors. Single-phase multiferroics, while rare, offer unique functionalities which have motivated much scientific and technological research to ascertain the origins of their multiferroicity and their applicability to potential devices. However, due to the weak magnetoelectric coupling for single-phase multiferroics, engineered multiferroic composites based on magnetostrictive ferromagnets interfacing piezoelectrics or ferroelectrics have shown enhanced multiferroic behaviour from effective strain coupling at the interface. In addition, nanostructuring of the ferroic phases has demonstrated further improvement in the coupling effect. Therefore, single-phase and engineered composite multiferroics consisting of complex metal oxides are reviewed in terms of magnetoelectric coupling effects and voltage controlled ferromagnetic properties, followed by a review on the integration challenges that need to be overcome to realize the materials? full potential.
Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Abundance of the Wedge-Billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus) in Lowland Ecuador

Abstract Glyphorynchus spirurus (Wedge-billed Woodcreeper) is one of the most common birds in the understory of many tropical forests of Central and South America but few studies have focused on its abundance and distribution. We use data from mist nets and direct observations over a 10-year period to examine patterns of abundance and distribution on two 100-ha plots (Harpia, Puma), ∼1.7 km apart in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador. Birds were captured in mist nets (96 nets/plot) that were open for ∼6 hrs/day for 1 day each in January and February; direct observations were made along transects within each plot during February (7 yrs) and April (4 yrs). We recorded 861 captures (447 recaptures) on Harpia and 963 captures (540 recaptures) on Puma; capture rates (birds/100 mist-net hrs) were slightly higher on Puma, largely a result of the greater numbers of recaptures. Number of individuals captured per year did not differ between plots. Mean (± SE) recapture distance within a year was less on Harpia (94.5...
On the outskirts of education: the liminal space of rural teen pregnancy

The historical context of teen pregnancy in the US and its evolution to the present embodiment of the predominantly urban ‘welfare mother’ developed from specific socio-historical contexts that deemed early childbirth, especially illegitimate pregnancies, as morally and socially deviant. Two conceptual elements missing within the literature on teen motherhood are the geographically diverse locations of teen pregnancy and motherhood and the spatial boundaries that arise in the institutional interface of pregnancy and schooling. Since the rural teen mother is rooted within a different social-geographical context than her urban counterpart it becomes essential to examine ways in which rural teen mothers navigate their educational opportunities. Likewise, the literature does not address the spatial boundaries pregnant and mothering teens face as they negotiate their relationship with schools. This study addresses both questions in its attempt to understand how pregnant and mothering teens in rural communities...
Homicide, handguns, and the crime gun hypothesis: Firearms used in fatal shootings of law enforcement officers, 1980 to 1989

OBJECTIVES. Many policies seeking to limit handgun violence rest on the largely untested "crime gun hypothesis," which holds that subclasses of handguns differ in their risk for use in violent crime. This study tests that hypothesis for handguns used in homicides of law enforcement officers and describes the population of homicide-involved handguns. METHODS. A cross-sectional study was done of civilian (criminal) handguns used in homicides of law enforcement officers from 1980 to 1989. Life tables were generated for each year's cohort of new handguns to estimate gun-years at risk, analogous to person-years, for rate and relative risk calculations. RESULTS. Four hundred thirty-five deaths involved 428 civilian handguns. Revolvers were at greater risk than pistols. For both, risk was lowest for .22-caliber handguns. Risk was greatest for .32-caliber pistols and .38-caliber revolvers. Forty-six percent of handguns had a barrel length of 3 in or less. CONCLUSIONS. Subclasses of handguns differ substantially in their risk for use in fatal shootings of law enforcement officers. Such epidemiological data may be useful in formulating efforts to prevent these and similar instances of firearm violence.
Clinical evaluation of female sexual function: effects of age and estrogen status on subjective and physiologic sexual responses.

Introduction: 30–50% of American women complain of sexual dysfunction. Aging, menopause, and a decline in circulating estrogen levels significantly increase the incidence of sexual complaints. Evaluaton of physiologic components of the female sexual response has, in the past, been technically challenging and difficult to standardize. We describe methodology for evaluating physiologic and subjective components of the female sexual response in the clinical setting and determine the effcts of age and estrogen status on them. Methods: 48 women with complaints of sexual dysfunction were evaluated. Physiologic measurements include genital blood peak systolic velocity, vaginal pH, intravaginal pressure–volume changes (compliance), and genital vibratory perception thresholds. Measurements were recorded at baseline and following sexual stimulation. Baseline subjective sexual function was assessed using a Female Sexual Function Inventory. Age was then correlated with both physiologic and subjective sexual responses. Results: Sexual stimulation resulted in increased mean genital blood peak systolic velocity, vaginal pressure–volume, and vaginal pH measurements (P<0.05) in all women. Older women (ages 55–71 y) and menopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy had significantly lower physiologic response sexual complaints. Baseline subjective sexual function complaints included low arousal (67%), low desire (21%), difficulty achieving orgasm (92%), and pain or discomfort during and/or following intercourse (67%). Conclusions: Clinical evaluation of physiologic and subjective components of the female sexual response are possible using this comprehensive approach. Physiologic measurements were reproducible and easy to perform, and incidence and types of sexual complaints were assessed with the sexual function questionnaire. A comprehensive approach is necessary when evaluating female sexual dysfunction due to the significant emotional and relational factors that can contribute to the problem. This combined subjective/physiologic assessment may also prove useful when evaluating efficacy of pharmacotherapy in the future.
3-D metal-organic frameworks based on s-block metal ions

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks, [Rb(Hbdc)] (1) and [Ca(Hbtc)(H2O)]·2H2O (2), have been synthesized using carboxylate ligands benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3btc) or benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2bdc). Both compounds contain three-dimensional coordination network structures. Compound 1 has a unique topology – a 2-nodal, 8,8-connected net with a Schlafli symbol of (422,66), and does not contain solvent-accessible volume. Compound 2 is a uninodal 5-connected net with a Schlafli symbol of (46,64), and shows 23.4% of its volume is solvent accessible. Its framework is stable after the removal of the crystalline water by heating. Both compounds show blue fluorescence under UV lights. Mercury removal properties for compound 2 were studied with a fixed bed bench scale sorbent screen facility.
Lipoprotein Abnormalities Associated with Mild Impairment of Kidney Function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background and objectives: Impaired kidney function is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and may progress over time to end-stage renal disease. Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism has been implicated as a possible cause of these complications, but lipoproteins have not been described at the earliest stages of kidney disease. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: This study examined cross-sectional associations of serum cystatin C with conventional lipid measurements and detailed nuclear magnetic resonance lipoprotein measurements in the community-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. A total of 5109 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were included in analyses. Results: Adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, BP, smoking, medications, body mass index, and albuminuria, greater cystatin C concentrations were associated with progressively unfavorable lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, including greater triglyceride concentration (+22 mg/dl, comparing fifth versus first quintiles of cystatin C) and lesser high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (−7 mg/dl) but not with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measured using conventional methods. When low-density lipoprotein particle subclasses were examined in more detail using nuclear magnetic resonance, greater cystatin C was associated with greater concentrations of atherogenic small low-density lipoprotein particles (+63 nmol/L) and intermediate-density lipoprotein particles (+6 nmol/L) and with a decrease in mean low-density lipoprotein particle size. Conclusions: Lipoprotein abnormalities are present with milder degrees of renal impairment than previously recognized, and abnormalities in low-density lipoprotein particle distribution may not be appreciated using conventional lipid measurements. These abnormalities may contribute to kidney disease progression and/or cardiovascular disease.
Does peer-reviewed publication change the habits of surgeons?

Abstract Background: From April 1994 to December 1995 a prospective randomized trial was conducted at our institution comparing outcomes of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. It demonstrated no significant advantage to laparoscopic appendectomy. Our current study evaluates whether surgeon’s habits at our hospital have been influenced by our previously published study. Methods: Charts were reviewed for patients who underwent appendectomy from August 1998 to December 1998. In addition, a formal survey was conducted of all staff surgeons to ascertain their procedure of choice for appendicitis, and the reasons for their preference. Results: Seventy-nine percent of the appendectomies were attempted laparoscopically. The median operative time was longer for laparoscopic appendectomy, and median hospital charges were higher. Survey results showed that most staff surgeons prefer laparoscopic appendectomy. Conclusions: Despite our own published paper supporting open appendectomy over laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy has become the standard of care at our institution for the treatment of appendicitis.
Exploring the role of the reader in the activity of blogging

Within the last decade, blogs have become an important element of popular culture, mass media, and the daily lives of countless Internet users. Despite the medium's interactive nature, most research on blogs focuses on either the blog itself or the blogger, rarely if at all focusing on the reader's impact. In order to gain a better understanding of the social practice of blogging, we must take into account the role, contributions, and significance of the reader. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study of blog readers, including common blog reading practices, some of the dimensions along which reading practices vary, relationships between identity presentation and perception, the interpretation of temporality, and the ways in which readers feel that they are a part of the blogs they read. It also describes similarities to, and discrepancies with, previous work, and suggests a number of directions and implications for future work on blogging.
Grid With a View: Optimal Texturing for Perception of Layered Surface Shape

We present the results of two controlled studies comparing layered surface visualizations under various texture conditions. The task was to estimate surface normals, measured by accuracy of a hand-set surface normal probe. A single surface visualization was compared with the two-surfaces case under conditions of no texture and with projected grid textures. Variations in relative texture spacing on top and bottom surfaces were compared, as well as opacity of the top surface. Significant improvements are found for the textured cases over non-textured surfaces. Either larger or thinner top-surface textures, and lower top surface opacities are shown to give less bottom surface error. Top surface error appears to be highly resilient to changes in texture. Given the results we also present an example of how appropriate textures might be useful in volume visualization.
The use of optically coherent detection techniques for true-time delay phased array and systems

We analyze a true-time-delay, optically controlled phased array antenna system whereby beam forming is accomplished using a large number of antenna elements that can receive any of several different microwave true-time-delays via the use of coherent optical carriers transmitted through a single fiber. The transmitter and receiver architectures are described in detail. We present calculations for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the signal-to-interchannel interference ratio (SIR) and dynamic range (DR) of one channel for various modulation-demodulation schemes (i.e., AM-heterodyne, FM, PM). We show for an example system that can accommodate 128 antenna elements and provide 128 different delays (7 bits), assuming AM modulation with a bandwidth of 1 MHz, a transmitter power of -5 dBm and a laser linewidth of 10 MHz, we can obtain DR/spl sime/50 dB for one channel using a channel separation twelve times of that of the microwave frequency (f/sub m/). For the FM scheme, DR/spl sime/60 dB can be obtained for one channel with a laser linewidth of 1 MHz, a FM modulation index of one, and a channel spacing of about 13f/sub m/. With a local oscillator laser tuning range of 100 /spl Aring/, the system can provide seven-bit resolution for a 128 element antenna array. It is found that coherent optically controlled phased array antennas provide improved controllability over direct detection method, and can have the SNR, SIR and DR that meet the stringent requirements of modern high resolution microwave antenna systems. >
Early manifestations of personality and adult health: a life course perspective.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether individual personality or temperamental qualities that emerge early and persist over the life course, predict adult midlife health. Specific childhood personality attributes considered include distress proneness, behavioral inhibition, and ability to stay focused on a task. Design: Prospective data are from 569 individuals followed from birth into adulthood. Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes include two different measures of adult health: self-rated general health, and number of illnesses in adulthood. Results: Childhood personality attributes related to attention and distress were significantly associated with adult health, with stronger effects evident among women. Children with high attention reported better self-rated health (b = 0.12, p < .05) and fewer illnesses (b = ―0.09, p < .01) as adults; more distress-prone children reported worse self-rated health (b = ―0.15, p < .05) and more illnesses (b = 0.07, p < .09) as adults. Conclusion: Associations between child personality attributes with both general self-rated health and number of illnesses in adulthood were maintained after taking account of childhood social environment and child health. Findings indicate that early emerging personality and related processes influence adult physical health, and suggest the potential value of interventions targeting early life development.
“If it's in your mind, it's in your knowledge”: Children's developing anatomy of identity

Recent work has investigated children’s developing understanding of the anatomical locus of identity. In two studies, we extend this work by exploring the role of the mind as opposed to the brain in children’s conceptualization of identity. In Experiment 1, an analysis of natural language indicated that adults use the term mind more frequently than the term brain with reference to identity-related mental processes. Children’s output displayed a similar bias. In Experiment 2, we compared the judgments of 5- and 7-year-old children to those displayed by adults. Participants heard stories in which a magical transformation resulted in either a creature with a mismatch between brain and body or a creature with a mismatch between mind and body. Children were more accurate in recognizing the enduring identity of this transformed creature when the transformation resulted in a mismatch between mind and body as compared to brain and body. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Conflict in married couples: personality predictors of anger and upset.

This research had two central goals: to examine the role of personality in (a) performing actions that anger spouses, and (b) eliciting anger- provoking actions from spouses. Personality data on a sample of married persons {N = 214) were obtained from three sources—self-report, spouse- observer report, and independent interviewers' reports. In a separate session, subjects recorded which of 147 upsetting actions their spouses had performed in the past year. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed the effects of Surgency, Agreeableness, Conscietitiousness, Emotional Stability, and Intellect on evoking upset in spouses through condescetision (e.g., treating spouse as stupid or inferior), possessiveness (demanding too much time and attention), abuse (slapping spouse), unfaithfulness (having sex with others), inconsiderateness (leaving toilet seat up), moodiness (crying a lot), alcohol abuse (drinking too much alcohol), emotional constriction (hiding emotions to act tough), and self-centeredness (acting selfishly). Discussion of this research focuses oti the implications of personality for cotiflict in marital relationships.
Not All Resources Are Created Equal: COR Theory, Values, and Stress

The common usage of conservation of resources (COR) theory highlights the quantity of resources in explaining stress reactions and responses. To expand the theoretical understanding and explanatory power of COR theory, this study tested the proposition that the perceived importance of an individual's resources is a function of personal values. Using a value framework based on Schwartz (1994), it was expected that values would influence both the appraisal of resource importance and coping behaviors. Results from both student and working samples indicated that while resource importance did not clearly mediate all of the coping outcomes, values did have an influence on the importance an individual assigns to resources. Measurement and theoretical implications related to COR theory are discussed.
General scale-dependent anisotropic turbulence and its impact on free space optical communication system performance

We generalize a recently introduced model for nonclassic turbulent spatial power spectrum involving anisotropy along two mutually orthogonal axes transverse to the direction of beam propagation by including two scale-dependent weighting factors for these directions. Such a turbulent model may be pertinent to atmospheric fluctuations in the refractive index in stratified regions well above the boundary layer and employed for air-air communication channels. When restricting ourselves to an unpolarized, coherent Gaussian beam and a weak turbulence regime, we examine the effects of such a turbulence type on the OOK FSO link performance by including the results on scintillation flux, probability of fade, SNR, and BERs.
Practical considerations for the static balancing of mechanisms of parallel architecture

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of statically balanced spatial parallel platform mechanisms. A mechanism is statically balanced if its potential energy is constant for all possible configurations. This property is very convenient for robotic manipulators with large constant payloads, since it means that the mechanism is statically stable for any configuration, i.e., zero actuator torques are required whenever the manipulator is at rest. Furthermore, only inertial forces and moments have to be sustained while the manipulator is moving. This makes it possible to create passive devices that can assist humans to manipulate a heavy load, and to create robotic manipulators that require smaller actuators and/or consume less energy. Furthermore, by retrofitting existing machine tools, static deflection problems due to gravitational loads may be reduced.This paper (1) summarizes how static balancing can be implemented in a parallel manipulator with six degrees of freedom, (2) presents the design of a ...
A combinatorial approach toward the discovery of electrolyte formulations for non-aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices

A unique robot-type instrument is herein described capable of producing large numbers of non-aqueous electrolyte mixtures involving the most common organic carbonate solvents either currently in use or being considered by the Li-ion battery industry. The ability of this device to accurately dispense computer-controlled mixtures of often highly volatile solvents was validated by comparing the intended formulations against data collected by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis which yielded results within 3.5% of each other. Key to the success of this powerful combinatorial strategy was the use of temperature-controlled reservoirs to decrease the vapor pressure of the solvents involved, as well as the selection of an appropriate solvent and technique to prevent solvent mixing during the aspiration-delivery steps. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0081509eel] All rights reserved.
Computer-Aided Link Analysis (CALA)

Abstract A system is presented to automate data capture and enhance currently available methods of performing link analysis. Link analysis is a method of analyzing a system based on the relationships (links) between its elements. Link analysis is used in many diverse applications, but is most effective in analyzing the arrangement of elements within physical systems such as the cockpit of an aircraft or the production or storage areas of a factory. An application of the Computer-Aided Link Analysis (CALA) system to the redesign of an office layout is presented to illustrate the versatility of the system.
Interventional Nephrology: Catheter Dysfunction— Prevention and Troubleshooting

Despite recommendations by various national guidelines advocating arteriovenous fistulae as the access of choice in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) remains widespread among both incident and prevalent HD patients. Unfortunately, long-term use of CVCs is fraught with complications, which are a major cause of morbidity and death in this patient population. Complications include a high rate of infections, as well as thrombus and sheath-related mechanical dysfunction. This review addresses prevention and management of noninfectious catheter-related dysfunction.
The Effect of Polydispersivity on the Thermal Conductivity of Particulate Thermal Interface Materials

A critical need in developing thermal interface materials (TIMs) is an understanding of the effect of particle/matrix conductivities, volume loading of the particles, the size distribution, and the random arrangement of the particles in the matrix on the homogenized thermal conductivity. Commonly, TIM systems contain random spatial distributions of particles of a polydisperse (usually bimodal) nature. A detailed analysis of the microstructural characteristics that influence the effective thermal conductivity of TIMs is the goal of this paper. Random microstructural arrangements consisting of lognormal size-distributions of alumina particles in silicone matrix were generated using a drop-fall-shake algorithm. The generated microstructures were statistically characterized using the matrix-exclusion probability function. The filler particle volume loading was varied over a range of 40%-55%. For a given filler volume loading, the effect of polydispersivity in the microstructures was captured by varying the standard deviation(s) of the filler particle size distribution function. For each particle arrangement, the effective thermal conductivity of the microstructures was evaluated through numerical simulations using a network model previously developed by the authors. Counter to expectation, increased polydispersivity was observed to increase the effective conductivity up to a volume loading of 50%. However, at a volume loading of 55%, beyond a limiting standard deviation of 0.9, the effective thermal conductivity decreased with increased standard deviation suggesting that the observed effects are a tradeoff between resistance to transport through the particles versus transport through the interparticle matrix gap in a percolation chain.
THE COSMIC BREATH: REFLECTIONS ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF CREATION

. This paper views such distinctions as creation and degeneration or good and evil in the Eastern sense of unity in polarity rather than in the Western sense of dual, antagonistic principles. Hence it considers the thermodynamic forces of evolution as processes of creation driven by entropy dissipation and explores the analogies this conception bears to the Hindu image of nature as the changing mist of a universal breath. Using this image, the paper examines the sense in which the second law of thermodynamics connects chance and teleology in the operations of nature and provides for a causal hierarchy in which decision and volitional behavior co-participate with the laws of nature to determine the course of evolution.
On Specializations of Matroids

In this paper, we give an internal description of a weak map between two matroids on the same set. This description is similar to the description of an elementary strong map in terms of a modular cut.
The Impact of Debt on Young Family Physicians: Unanswered Questions with Critical Implications

In this issue, Bazemore et al demonstrate that 58% of graduating family medicine residents have more than $150,000 of educational debt, and 26% have more than $250,000 debt.[1][1] This is important because although the debt levels of graduating US medical students are well documented, little is
Advantages of Multiple Sampling in Red Blood Cell Volume Determinations

A patient with an elevated hematocrit was referred to the clinical nuclear medicine laboratory for evaluation of possible polycythemia. A 51Cr red blood cell mass measurement was performed. Multiple postinjection samples proved to be necessary for precise determination of the red blood cell mass by the 51Cr radioisotope dilution technique.
Quality control experiences with febrile agglutinins in serum.

A commercial, polyvalent, positive control antiserum for febrile agglutinins proved stable and reliable for at least six months at 4 to 6 C. The estimates of precision utilizing 22 replicates over this period demonstrated that a greater than two-fold change in titer exceeds technical variability and implicates biologic change with at least 95% certainty for all of the febrile agglutinin titers studied. Accumulated hospital patient experiences are described, as are the forms used to accumulate these data. A community quality control survey with an earlier lot of the commercial polyvalent antiserum demonstrated interlaboratory variability to be approximately twice intralaboratory variability for febrile agglutinins.
Art at the Bedside: Reflections on Use of Visual Imagery in Hospital Chaplaincy.

‘Art at the Bedside’ is the name given to a hospital visitation program during which works of art loaded onto a computer are used to start conversations with patients and their families. The article traces the genesis of the program that evolved from the author’s dual training in art museum education and hospital chaplaincy through the evolution of the practice, now in its sixth year. Reflections on the practice itself are the focus of this article, from identifying the kinds of responses frequently elicited by the artwork to understanding how these works of art seem to forge immediate connections between the patient and the facilitator. Ultimately posed in this reflection is whether the ‘Art at the Bedside’ experience might suggest a future for the integration of the visual arts more broadly into hospital – and related – chaplaincy.
Visualization of Spray Cooling Based on Metal-Film-Heater

A visualization of spray cooling using alumnium foil as heat source is conducted with the aid of the infrared thermal imaging technology.Compared with common solid nozzle,the nozzle able to produce droplets on rotating orbit of shearing force is shown to have stronger heat transfer ability.However,in terms of the temperature distribution on the metal film heater surface,the nozzle unable to produce droplets having shearing rotating orbit is found to perform better.Meanwhile,as the input power of the heat source increases,the heat transfer coefficient of spray cooling decreases,which tends to be more significant under relatively high mass flow rate and nozzle pressure.
Determination of calcium pantothenate in multivitamin tablets by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography

Powered tablets were dissolved in the mobile phase of water-methanol-phosphoric acid(950∶50∶1) and the mixtures were filtered.Aliquots(20 μL) of the filtrates were analyzed on a column(30 cm×3.9 mm) packed with NovaPak C_(18)(10 μm),with the above-mentioned mobile phase and detected at 210 nm.Recovery was from 99.2 to 103.4%,RSD were from 0.6 to 1.0%(n=5),and the detection limit was 41 ng.The method was applied to the determination of calcium pantothenate in multivitamin tablets.
Sequential testing for headache complaints.

(1974). Sequential Testing for headache complaints. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 93-98.
Protein lysine acetylation by p300/CBP.

Since their discovery in the 1980s and 1990s, the human protein lysine acetyltransferase encoded by the paralogous p300 and CBP genes has received much interest. p300/CBP functions in regulating the expression of genes controlling several basic cellular processes, such as proliferation and homeostasis, and plays a role in a variety of human diseases, particularly solid tumors. Numerous natural product and synthetic inhibitors of the acetyltransferase activity have been identified and used to generate a crystal structure of the active site, probe the p300/CBP enzyme kinetics, and interrogate p300/CBP cellular functions. These studies revealed that acetyl-CoA binds in a tunnel enclosed by a unique loop, while the substrate protein transiently associates with an acidic patch, following a hit-and-run kinetic mechanism. p300/CBP acetylates histones as well as other proteins including other epigenetic enzymes and transcription factors. Studies with inhibitor compounds in cells and animals have confirmed that the p300/CBP acetylation activity has roles in diverse functions including cell migration and invasion, maintenance of the differentiated state, tau-mediated neurodegeneration, and learning and memory. Also, important components of p300/CBP are the domains flanking the acetyltransferase domain, including three cysteine/histidine-rich domains and a bromodomain. Protein ligands of these have been identified. Their roles in regulating the acetyltransferase activity and substrate specificity, as well as identification of compounds that can block or mimic ligand binding, are topics of ongoing study. Biochemical investigation of protein acetylation has posed unique challenges, due in part to its dynamic reversibility, the weak affinity of binding modules that recognize it, and the complexity of the multiprotein interaction networks. Therefore, diverse techniques in biochemistry, molecular biology, and proteomics have coevolved with our understanding of the p300/CBP enzyme. In this Review, part of the thematic issue on Epigenetics, we summarize the current understanding of p300/CBP including the novel technologies developed for these studies.
Centennial retrospective on chemical sensors.

In the past 20 years, chemical sensors have become an accepted part of analytical chemistry.
Family-Focused Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: Reflections on 30 Years of Research.

Family-focused therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based intervention for adults and children with bipolar disorder (BD) and their caregivers, usually given in conjunction with pharmacotherapy after an illness episode. The treatment consists of conjoint sessions of psychoeducation regarding bipolar illness, communication enhancement training, and problem-solving skills training. This paper summarizes over 30 years of research on FFT and family processes in BD. Across eight randomized controlled trials with adults and adolescents with BD, FFT and mood-stabilizing medications have been found to hasten recovery from mood episodes, reduce recurrences, and reduce levels of symptom severity compared to briefer forms of psychoeducation and medications over 1-2 years. Several studies indicate that the effects of FFT on symptom improvement are greater among patients with high-expressed emotion relatives. New research focuses on FFT as an early intervention for youth at risk for BD, neuroimaging as a means of evaluating treatment mechanisms, and progress in implementing FFT in community mental health settings.
Reprise: Why Study Games?

This chapter presents the early notions underlying the mathematical study of games. An early idea surrounding this study stated that as games are simple models of decision making, understanding games should help to understand decisions. The expected-outcome model focused on the least satisfactory aspect of the current theory of two-player games, namely, the static evaluator. The resultant model immediately lifted the design of static evaluators from a domain-dependent, game-by-game task to one that is well-defined for a large class of game trees. The redefinition of game trees as probabilistic data structures suggests rethinking many of the basic assumptions that have governed the fields of game programming and heuristic search theory. In game trees, a distinction was noticed between leaves, which had definite set values, and internal nodes, whose values were characterized by random variables instantiated at one of the leaf values beneath them.
Mood disorders during pregnancy and lactation: Defining issues of exposure and treatment

Epidemiologic studies have consistently demonstrated a greater incidence of depressive disorders and anxiety among women. Many women experience these conditions during the reproductive years. The dramatic expanse of literature focusing on the use of medications often has failed to pay homage to the potential impact of the disorders. When considering the extant human and laboratory data on mental illness and stress during pregnancy and the postpartum period, it is evident that some degree of exposure (be it treatment or illness) always occurs. The primary goal of the risk-benefit assessment for the treatment of mental illness during these periods is to assist patients and their families in choosing the path of potential exposure that possesses the least risk for them. Once this decision is made, the goal is to limit the number of exposures for the fetus/neonate.
Indirect adaptive control of a two-link robot arm using regularization neural networks

An artificial neural network was developed to control the flexibility of a two-link robot arm. The control scheme consists of two regularization networks plus proportional control. One artificial neural network acts as a system identifier using a recursive algorithm and provides time-related system information to the vibration controller. The second network acts as a vibration controller whose parameters are varied through minimization of an integral-squared-error cost function. A fixed proportional gain feedback system was used to control the rigid body of the manipulator. >
Intermediate Dose Cyclophosphamide Followed by Sequential GM-CSF and G-CSF: An Efficient and Predictable PBPC Mobilization Regimen for Autografting: A Single Center Study of Two Hundred and Thirty Patients.

Collection of an optimal dose of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC), eg, >5x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg, speeds engraftment after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). PBPC mobilization using high dose cyclophosphamide (Cy), eg 3–7gm/m 2 and G-CSF typically produces a higher yield of PBPC than Cy or G-CSF alone, but WBC rebound following such regimens is often unpredictable, necessitating multiple assessments of blood WBC and CD34+ cell count, may require weekend leukapheresis (LP), and is associated with a high risk of febrile neutropenia. To minimize these problems while producing an adequate PBPC yield, we mobilized 230 unselected patients (pts) for ABMT using moderate dose Cy (1.5g/m 2 , day 1), followed by sequential administration of GM-CSF (500mcg/d, days 3–7) and G-CSF (5mcg/kg/d, day 8 until completion of LPs). This “CyGMG” regimen was based upon reports suggesting a synergy between GM-CSF and G-CSF. LP was initiated on day 11 irrespective of WBC or blood CD34+ cell count. Cy was administered on Friday (day 1) with LP starting on Monday (day 11 = LP day 1) and 20L LPs were performed for up to six days, thus avoiding weekend LP in most pts (median #LP = 3, range 1–6). Pt median age was 53 (range 19–78); 134 male, 96 female; diagnosis; myeloma (77), NHL (94), breast cancer (17), Hodgkin’s disease (28), Testicular cancer (4), other (10). Median prior chemotherapy (CT) regimens = 2 (range 0–6). The estimated (Kaplan-Meier) cumulative probability of achieving a target collection of >2, or 5x10 6 /CD34+ cells/kg on LP days 1–5 was 0.5, 0.77, 0.87, 0.91, 0.93, 0.87 and 0.25, 0.5, 0.65, 0.72, and 0.74 respectively. In addition, since 12/2003 when the collection target for pts with myeloma was increased to 10x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg, 76% of myeloma pts achieved this goal. Based on multivariate cox regression, diagnosis (myeloma vs other) and day 1 platelet (plt) count were significantly associated with achieving 2 or 5 x 10 6 /CD34+ cells/kg and the above factors plus the # of prior CT regimens were associated with achieving 10x10 6 /CD34+ cells/kg. However, (in contrast with a previous report) the day 1 plt count was not correlated with CD34+ cells/kg in the subgroup of myeloma pts (r=0.07, p=0.62). For non-myeloma pts a plt count >75,000 predicted achievement of 5x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg (2/17 pts with 75K plt; p 2 ). Toxicities consisted mostly of mild bone pain and fevers, and 12 patients required hospital care during mobilization (not necessarily regimen related). Conclusion: This large series indicates that the above mobilization regimen (1) efficiently mobilizes adequate PBPC in the vast majority of an unselected population of pts for ABMT (including myeloma pts with a target dose of 10x10 6 CD34/kg), (2) obviates the need for WBC and peripheral blood CD34+ cell count monitoring before commencing LP and the need for weekend LP, and (3) is well tolerated by pts.