cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of underfloor obstructions in open-contained data center with fan curves

The purpose of under floor plenum in a typical raised floor data center is to route the supply of cold air to perforated tiles in the cold aisles, and hence, to the racks. However, the presence of under floor chiller piping and various wiring may have an adverse effect on flow rates if not placed based on physical considerations; the pressure drop caused by chiller piping and under floor blockages has not been investigated thoroughly in modeling of a fully representative real life data center, and in particular, in applications where some or all of the cold aisles may be contained. This effect on flow rate is expected to be even more profound in contained systems; this study aims to address the effect of under floor obstructions on data center performance. It was shown that when having blockages in critical locations, containment can act as a solution for the inlet temperatures at the racks, however, the blockage effect can still be seen on the racks outlet and the CRAC return temperatures. It was also observed that inadequate distribution of those blockages led to a change in the operating point of both the CRAC and severs fan curve reducing the flow being fed to the IT equipment, and hence the chiller cooling load is expected to increase, which results in a thermal deficiency of the data center.
Cyclic AMP regulation of mouse proline-rich protein gene expression: isoproterenol induction of AP-1 transcription factors in parotid glands.

Abstract Proline-rich protein mRNAs are increased dramatically in the salivary glands of rats, mice, and hamsters upon treatment with the β-agonist isoproterenol. Sequence comparisons between mice and hamster proline-rich protein genes identified conserved regions upstream from the transcription start site. Reporter plasmids containing these 5′-flanking sequences from a mouse proline-rich protein gene, MP2, were constructed and tested for transcriptional regulation by cAMP. Transient transfection experiments in mouse L-M cells showed that the upstream region −702 to −322 bp relative to the transcription start site is sufficient to confer cAMP induction on a heterologous promoter. Multiple copies of the AP-1 sequence elements within this region (−625 to −551) mediate the cAMP transcriptional response of reporter gene expression in L-M cells. L-M cell nuclear proteins and purified human c-jun protein bind to these upstream elements as determined by DNase I footprint analysis. Nuclear proteins isolated from mouse parotid glands protected the consensus AP-1 binding site 5′-TGAGTCA-3′ (−592 to −586). The nuclear proteins interacting at this site were increased about sixfold in glands isolated from isoproterenol-treated mice when compared with glands from untreated mice. These results suggest that induction of AP-1 transcription factors in the parotid gland control the upregulation of some mouse salivary proline-rich proteins.
Cardiac function and myocardial contractility: A perspective

Abstract Improved understanding of cardiac muscle and whole heart function has substantially benefited clinical diagnosis and therapy. Knowledge of the influence of systolic loading conditions has been of key importance in these advances, and the role of peripheral circulatory responses is beginning to be appreciated. Dissociations between myocardial contractility and cardiac function are described, including acute heart failure due to afterload mismatch associated with normal myocardial contractility, and normal ventricular function associated with depressed contractility in chronic mitral regurgitation. Frameworks for assessing cardiac and myocardial function are examined. Standard invasive and noninvasive approaches can now be usefully supplemented by end-systolic pressure-volume and end-systolic wall stress-volume frameworks, the former being particularly useful for analyzing the concept of "afterload mismatch with limited preload reserve" and the latter being useful for studying chronic cardiac adaptations. The clinical importance of systolic loading conditions and venous return is illustrated within these frameworks by a description of responses to a vasopressor stress test to produce an apparent descending limb of left ventricular function, the concept of steady state afterload mismatch in chronic and acute heart failure and the responses to vasodilator therapy in the normal and failing heart. The importance of changes in venous return in determining the cardiac output response to a vasodilator, in addition to the effects of reduced afterload on the ventricles, is emphasized. Finally, the problem of assessing left ventricular function in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation is examined and, for the patient with severe mitral regurgitation and few symptoms, tentative guidelines for recommending operation to avoid irreversible left ventricular dysfunction postoperatively are presented.
DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF ABSORBING UNIAXIAL CRYSTALS: OPTICAL ANISOTROPY OF GRAPHITE.

Equations relating the minimum values of the refractive and attenuation indices to the longitudinal and transverse optical constants are developed. The longitudinal optical constants of graphite are thus obtained
The Effect of Limiting Participation in Special District Elections to Property Owners: A Research Note

Scholars have found significant policy differences between special districts governed by elected officials and those overseen by appointees. However, their research ignores U.S. Supreme Court rulings that allow many special districts to restrict electoral participation to property owners. This study finds that the presence of officials elected by property owners upon a district's governing board is related to a reduced reliance upon property taxes for revenues and a greater reliance upon service charges. Using Census data sets and a review of state statutes, the study demonstrates that board elections can be an effective means for property owners to influence policy.
Characterization of Polystyrene Conformation by Solid-State NMR Correlation of C−2H and 13C−13C Bond Orientations

The backbone conformation of polystyrene (PS) is investigated by two-dimensional solid-state NMR. The experiment correlates well-defined nuclear spin interactions, the 13C−13C dipolar coupling along a backbone bond, and the 2H quadrupolar coupling along the C−2H bond in an adjacent repeat unit of a suitably isotopically labeled PS. The pulse sequence is based on a heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) approach. In addition, 13C−13C dipolar decoupling is applied during excitation and reconversion of the heteronuclear coherences, and the 13C−13C dipolar coupling is detected. The two-dimensional spectral patterns obtained for gauche-bar (ḡ) conformations are clearly distinct from the gauche (g) and trans (t) patterns. The fraction of the ḡ conformation is found to be too low to be detected in the experimental spectrum. The patterns are highly sensitive to the torsion angle near trans. The maximum in the torsion angle distribution in PS is found to be centered at 180°, within ±10°. This contradicts ...
Deletion of 5q in myeloid leukemia cells HL-60: an L1 element-mediated instability.

Abstract Complete and partial deletions of chromosome 5 are recurrent anomalies associated with refractory myelogenous leukemia. Recent evidence suggests that these deletions arise from unbalanced two- or three-way translocations, rather than from interstitial breaks or segregation errors; however, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this multistep genomic instability. We have analyzed a complex rearrangement of chromosome band 5q both in the primary leukemic cells of the patient from whom the acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell line HL-60 was derived and in the HL-60 cells in culture. This highly stable rearrangement is a product of multiple events in which a small single-copy fragment flanking the 3′ end of the GMCSF gene is juxtaposed to novel L1Hs sequences. The resulting genomic fragment is found inserted into a telomeric locus ( D5S89 ), with loss of 4.1 Mbp of in-between sequences, encoding one or more candidate myeloid leukemia suppressor genes. The findings are consistent with a dynamic role for L1Hs in mediating instability that results in a complex chromosomal rearrangement. Furthermore, we provide what may be the first example of multiple L1Hs-associated deletions involving both a growth factor gene and a tumor suppressor locus in a primary leukemic clone.
Polaron transport in a long phonon waves approximation

Abstract One seeks to understand directly the smooth electron distribution functions long ago observed in semiconductors by Haynes and Westphal, and found to satisfy the Einstein relation for diffusion. A zero-order approximation to the distribution function analogous to Chandrashekhar's solution of the Brownian motion problem is established. This is done on the basis of the expression of Feynman et al. , for the density matrix of the electron with phonon coordinates eliminated. Justification of the underlying approximation of expansion in long phonon waves, as well as a discussion of the relation of the scheme to the Boltzmann or rate equation approach, is given.
Halo: a guiding light for transport.

Abstract A new study on lipid droplet transport in Drosophila embryos has led to the identification of a novel protein family, the ‘Halo-like' proteins, which may coordinate the activities of motor proteins with opposing polarities and thus confer net directional transport to single cargo units.
Loss of Ribosomal Protein L11 Blocks Stress Activation of the Bacillus subtilis Transcription Factor ςB

sigma(B), the general stress response sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis, is activated when the cell's energy levels decline or the bacterium is exposed to environmental stress (e.g., heat shock, ethanol). Physical stress activates sigma(B) through a collection of regulatory kinases and phosphatases (the Rsb proteins) which catalyze the release of sigma(B) from an anti-sigma(B) factor inhibitor. The means by which diverse stresses communicate with the Rsb proteins is unknown; however, a role for the ribosome in this process was suggested when several of the upstream members of the sigma(B) stress activation cascade (RsbR, -S, and -T) were found to cofractionate with ribosomes in crude B. subtilis extracts. We now present evidence for the involvement of a ribosome-mediated process in the stress activation of sigma(B). B. subtilis strains resistant to the antibiotic thiostrepton, due to the loss of ribosomal protein L11 (RplK), were found to be blocked in the stress activation of sigma(B). Neither the energy-responsive activation of sigma(B) nor stress-dependent chaperone gene induction (a sigma(B)-independent stress response) was inhibited by the loss of L11. The Rsb proteins required for stress activation of sigma(B) are shown to be active in the RplK(-) strain but fail to be triggered by stress. The data demonstrate that the B. subtilis ribosomes provide an essential input for the stress activation of sigma(B) and suggest that the ribosomes may themselves be the sensors for stress in this system.
Optimizing image segmentation using color model mixtures

Several mathematical color models have been proposed to segment images based on their color information content. The most frequently used color models of such sort include RGB, HSV, YCbCr, etc. These models were designed to represent color and in some cases emulate how the reflection of light on a given entity is perceived by the human eye. They were, however, not designed specifically for the purpose of image segmentation. In this study, the efficiency of several color models for the application of image segmentation is assessed and more efficient color models, consisting of color model mixtures, are explored. It was observed that two of the studied models, YCbCr and linear, were more efficient for the purpose of image segmentation. Additionally, by employing multivariate analysis, it was observed that the model mixtures were more efficient than the most commonly used models studied, and thus optimized the segmentation
Local wellposedness of Chern-Simons-Schrödinger

Author(s): Liu, B; Smith, P; Tataru, D | Abstract: In this article, we consider the initial value problem for the Chern-Simons-Schrodinger model in two space dimensions. This is a covariant NLS type problem which is L2 critical. For this equation, we introduce a so-called heat gauge, and prove that, with respect to this gauge, the problem is locally well-posed for initial data which is small in Hs, sg0.
Full-color three-dimensional microscopy by wide-field optical coherence tomography.

We demonstrate a method of optical tomography for surface and sub-surface imaging of biological tissues, based on the principle of wide field optical coherence tomography and capable of providing full-color three-dimensional views of a tissue structure. Contour or tomographic images are obtained with an interferometric imaging system using broadband light sources. The interferometric images are analyzed in the three color channels and recombined to generate 3D microscopic images of tissue structures with full natural color representation. In contrast to most existing three-dimensional microscopy methods, the presented technique allows monitoring of tissue structures close to its natural color, which may be useful in physiological and pathological applications.
Seasonal patterns in white crappies' consumption and growth: Influences of varying water temperatures and prey availability

Abstract Crappies Pomoxis spp. are popular sport fishes but often fail to achieve sizes that are acceptable to anglers. While many factors may contribute to episodes of suboptimal growth in crappies, insufficient densities of prey fish and high summer water temperatures (>27°C) have been considered to be key underlying causes. We examined the influences of prey fish size, prey availability, and water temperature on the consumption and growth of white crappies P. annularis (ages 1–3) in three Missouri reservoirs over five successive years. Monthly growth rates were estimated using aging analyses, while consumption was estimated using a bioenergetics model. All age-groups grew fastest in the reservoir that was warmest but in which prey fish availability was the highest. Diet analyses coupled with bioenergetics modeling suggested that white crappies were able to maintain positive growth rates at temperatures exceeding 27°C by maximizing consumption rates when adequate prey fish resources were available. When...
Understanding American and Chinese consumer acceptance of ‘Redglobe’ table grapes

‘In-store’ consumer acceptance tests were performed on a group of 400 American consumers and 250 native Chinese consumers to determine the relationship between ripe soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) on consumer acceptance of ‘Redglobe’ grapes for different ethnic groups. For this, a group of Caucasian, Hispanic and Chinese-American consumers and a group of native Chinese consumers tasted monadically four individual berry half samples at room temperature with SSC ranging from 10 to 20% and TA from 0.30 to 1.80%. Grapes with SSC 16.1% were accepted by 70% of the American consumers and 47% of the Chinese consumers. However, the percentage of consumers that disliked these grapes was the same ( 21) for both ethnic groups. The difference in the percentages of Chinese and American consumers accepting the grapes was due to the ‘neither like nor dislike’ category. Chinese consumers chose the ‘neither like nor dislike’ category in approximately 34% of the cases, while approximately only 7% of the American consumers chose it. Our data confirmed that ‘Redglobe’ consumer acceptance is highly related to SSC:TA ratio but within a given SSC and TA level. In contrast to American consumers, Chinese consumer acceptance was not related to SSC:TA ratio when TA 0.80%. Thus, our work indicates that high TA affects consumer acceptance in relation to SSC:TA ratio depending on ethnic background. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A Simulation Tool to Study High-Frequency Chest Compression Energy Transfer Mechanisms and Waveforms for Pulmonary Disease Applications

High-frequency chest compression (HFCC) can be used as a therapeutic intervention to assist in the transport and clearance of mucus and enhance water secretion for cystic fibrosis patients. An HFCC pump-vest and half chest-lung simulation, with 23 lung generations, has been developed using inertance, compliance, viscous friction relationships, and Newton's second law. The simulation has proven to be useful in studying the effects of parameter variations and nonlinear effects on HFCC system performance and pulmonary system response. The simulation also reveals HFCC waveform structure and intensity changes in various segments of the pulmonary system. The HFCC system simulation results agree with measurements, indicating that the HFCC energy transport mechanism involves a mechanically induced pulsation or vibration waveform with average velocities in the lung that are dependent upon small air displacements over large areas associated with the vest-chest interface. In combination with information from lung physiology, autopsies and a variety of other lung modeling efforts, the results of the simulation can reveal a number of therapeutic implications.
Failure of hyperthermia to open rat blood-brain barrier: reduced permeation of sucrose.

To determine if near-lethal elevation of body temperature opens the blood-brain barrier,14C-sucrose or125I-bovine serum albumin was injected intravenously into anesthetized, normothermic rats (37–38° C) or rats in which hyperthermia (>41° C) was induced and maintained by whole-body exposure toxinfrared or 2,450 MHz microwave radiation. Blood-brain barrier opening was sought as an increase in cerebrovascular permeability-area product (PA), calculated as the ratio of radiotracer concentration accumulated in brain parenchyma 25 or 30 min after injection (dpm·g−1) relative to the time-averaged concentration in arterial plasma sampled throughout the same time period (dpm·s·ml−1). The following profiles of elevated body-core temperature (°C) vs time did not cause barrier opening: 41.5–42.0 (range) during 40 min of infrared exposure (sucrose tested); 41.0–41.3 increasing to 41.9–42.3 during 33 min of microwave exposure (sucrose); 41.0–41.6 during 2.5 h of infrared or microwave exposure (albumin tested). In sucrose experiments, hyperthermia greatly elevated the profile of plasma sucrose concentration vs time compared to that for control rats injected with the same dose. However, parenchymal uptake of sucrose did not increase proportionally so that mean PA values for different brain regions were 45–77% lower than control values. Hyperthermia caused an apparent reduction in permeation of sucrose across the blood-brain barrier.
Determinantal identities: Gauss, Schur, Cauchy, Sylvester, Kronecker, Jacobi, Binet, Laplace, Muir, and Cayley

Abstract We give a common, concise derivation of some important determinantal identities attributed to the mathematicians in the title. We also give a formal treatment of determinantal identities of the minors of a matrix.
α‐MELANOCYTE‐STIMULATING HORMONE: A POSSIBLE NEURONAL MARKER OF THE AGEING BRAIN

— The amount of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the entire hypothalamus as well as the amount of α-MSH in free granule and synaptosome fractions of hypothalamic homogenates was investigated throughout the lifespan of female rats (1-24 months). A 900 g supernatant fluid was prepared from hypothalami following homogenization in an iso-osmotic sucrose solution, and free granules and synaptosomes containing α-MSH were fractionated by means of continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. α-MSH was quantified by radioimmunoassay. The total amount of α-MSH in the hypothalamus, as well as the amount in free granules and synaptosomes prepared from hypothalami increased progressively from the 1st to the 5th month of life, and this increase was more pronounced in the free granules than in the synaptosomes. On the other hand, the amount of α-MSH in the hypothalamus and the amount present in free granules and synaptosomes prepared from 5-24-month-old animals decreased with age, and this decrease appeared to proceed at similar rates in both subcellular compartments. Based on these results, it is suggested that ageing of α-MSH neurons in the hypothalamus is accompanied by a degeneration of the axons and/or an alteration in the biosynthetic and degradative activities of the neuron.
Targeted Mutagenesis of Tsix Leads to Nonrandom X Inactivation

During X inactivation, mammalian female cells make the selection of one active and one inactive X chromosome. X chromosome choice occurs randomly and results in Xist upregulation on the inactive X. We have hypothesized that the antisense gene, Tsix, controls Xist expression. Here, we create a targeted deletion of Tsix in female and male mouse cells. Despite a deficiency of Tsix RNA, X chromosome counting remains intact: female cells still inactivate one X, while male cells block X inactivation. However, heterozygous female cells show skewed Xist expression and primary nonrandom inactivation of the mutant X. The ability of the mutant X to block Xist accumulation is compromised. We conclude that Tsix regulates Xist in cis and determines X chromosome choice without affecting silencing. Therefore, counting, choice, and silencing are genetically separable. Contrasting effects in XX and XY cells argue that negative and positive factors are involved in choosing active and inactive Xs.
Head Start Program Quality: Examination of Classroom Quality and Parent Involvement in Predicting Children's Vocabulary, Literacy, and Mathematics Achievement Trajectories.

Abstract Guided by a developmental–ecological framework and Head Start's two-generational approach, this study examined two dimensions of Head Start program quality, classroom quality and parent involvement and their unique and interactive contribution to children's vocabulary, literacy, and mathematics skills growth from the beginning of Head Start through the end of first grade. The study is a secondary data analysis of FACES 1997, a national descriptive study of Head Start children, families, and programs. The piecewise 3-level growth curve model suggested that Head Start children demonstrated positive academic growth trajectories over time, with vocabulary and literacy skills showing more rapid growth in Head Start years than in later grades. Younger children consistently showed more rapid growth than older children, especially during kindergarten and first grade. Head Start classroom quality and parent involvement uniquely and interactively predicted children's academic growth across time, but in rather complex ways.
Localizing myocardial ischemia by means of body surface Laplacian imaging

The authors have investigated the sensitivity of body surface Laplacian imaging (BSLI) to localize and image myocardial ischemias in a closed chest pig model. The present study suggests that BSLI provides high spatial resolution in noninvasively localizing acute myocardial ischemia, and that the precordial Laplacian ECG provides higher sensitivity in sensing ischemic activity as compared with the unipolar ECG. >
Accurately measuring human movement using articulated ICP with soft-joint constraints and a repository of articulated models

A novel approach for accurate markerless motion capture combining a precise tracking algorithm with a database of articulated models is presented. The tracking approach employs an articulated iterative closest point algorithm with soft-joint constraints for tracking body segments in visual hull sequences. The database of articulated models is derived from a combination of human shapes and anthropometric data, contains a large variety of models and closely mimics variations found in the human population. The database provides articulated models that closely match the outer appearance of the visual hulls, e.g. matches overall height and volume. This information is paired with a kinematic chain enhanced through anthropometric regression equations. Deviations in the kinematic chain from true joint center locations are compensated by the soft-joint constraints approach. As a result accurate and a more anatomical correct outcome is obtained suitable for biomechanical and clinical applications. Joint kinematics obtained using this approach closely matched joint kinematics obtained from a marker based motion capture system.
Treatment of Multiple Trichoepitheliomas with Topical Imiquimod and Tretinoin

An 11-year-old white girl presented multiple flesh-colored dome-shaped papules on the forehead, nose, scalp, and posterior neck. The lesions had been present for 2 years and were asymptomatic. Family history was negative for skin diseases. A skin biopsy specimen revealed histopathology consistent with trichoepitheliomas. Treatment of multiple trichoepitheliomas is usually difficult. Methods reported in the literature include laser treatment, surgery, cryotherapy, electrodessication, and radiation. The parents were concerned about the risk of scarring and wanted to pursue a nonscarring treatment. The patient was initially treated with topical imiquimod three times a week. She progressively increased the frequency of application to twice daily and added topical tretinoin gel once daily to her regimen for more resistant lesions. After 3 years of treatment, the patient experienced approximately 80% clearing of lesions without scarring. The advantage of using this nonsurgical treatment is no scarring, painless, and no need for other invasive procedures such as injection of local anesthetic.
Molecular characterization of the human NANOG protein.

NANOG is a key transcriptional regulator of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) self-renewal. NANOG occupies promoters that are active and others that are repressed during self-renewal; however, the mechanisms by which NANOG regulates transcriptional repression and activation are unknown. We hypothesized that individual protein domains of NANOG control its interactions with both the promoters and its coregulators. We performed a detailed characterization of the functional domains in the human (h) NANOG protein, using a panel of deletion-mutant and point-mutant constructs. We determined that six amino acids in the homeodomain (136YKQVKT141) are sufficient for the nuclear localization of hNANOG. We also determined that the tryptophan-rich region (W) of hNANOG contains a CRM1-independent signal for nuclear export, suggesting a possible cellular shuttling behavior that has not been reported for hNANOG. We also show that at least four tryptophans are required for nuclear export. We also determined that similar to murine (m) NANOG, the W region of hNANOG contains a homodimerization domain. Finally, in vitro transactivation analyses identified distinct regions that enhance or diminish activity at gene promoters that are active during self-renewal. Specifically, the N-terminal region interferes with transcription and removal of this region that produced a “super-active” hNANOG with enhanced transcriptional activity. We also confirmed that the transcriptional activator in hNANOG is contained in the C-terminal region, similar to murine NANOG. In summary, this study has characterized the structure and function of hNANOG protein leading to an increased understanding of the mechanism by which hNANOG regulates both transcriptional activation and repression during PSC self-renewal. STEM CELLS 2009;27:812–821
Polarimetry noise in fiber-based optical coherence tomography instrumentation

High noise levels in fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) have broadly limited its clinical utility. In this study we investigate contribution of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) to the polarimetry noise. We develop numerical models of the PS-OCT system including PMD and validate these models with empirical data. Using these models, we provide a framework for predicting noise levels, for processing signals to reduce noise, and for designing an optimized system.
The Criminal Victimization–Depression Sequela: Examining the Effects of Violent Victimization on Depression With a Longitudinal Propensity Score Design

Drawing on three waves of survey data, the authors examined the effects of criminal victimization on depression. First, the authors developed a structural equation model to determine whether criminal victimization predictsdepression. Second, recognizing that victimization is contingent on background factors, they tested whether victimization, conceptualized as an assigned treatment, has significant effects on depression, using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). In structural equation modeling equations, victimization predicts initial levels of depression and change in depression across waves. In the IPTW regression models, victimization had significant effects on levels of depression. There is considerable evidence to suggest that victimization influences depression, and investigators must be cautious when examining the temporal and selection issues surrounding the effects.
Growth hormone response to growth hormone releasing hormone in calves that differ in genetic merit for milk yield.

Abstract Holstein heifer, steer, and bull calves from control (CL) and select (SL) lines of cows that differed by more than 4000kg of milk during a 305-d lactation (SL>CL) were used to determine growth hormone (GH) response to 5 doses of GH releasing hormone (GHRH) and how this response was affected by gender, period (age), and genetic merit for milk yield. Doses (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μ g/100kg of BW) of a GHRH analog were assigned randomly to each heifer (4 CL, 4 SL), steer (4 CL, 4 SL), and bull (3 CL, 3 SL) calf and administered on consecutive days at approximately 3, 6, and 10 mo of age (periods; P1, P2, and P3). Jugular blood samples (n = 15) collected between −30 and 240min relative to GHRH administration were used to quantify area under the GH response curve (AUC) after subtracting mean prechallenge GH concentrations. Estimates of maximum response (R max ) and sensitivity (ED 50 ) to GHRH were obtained from the hyperbolic dose response curves (AUC vs. dose). Data were analyzed for effects of dose, line, period, gender, and their interactions with period as the repeated effect. Prechallenge GH concentrations were not affected by genetic line, gender, or period. The AUC was not affected by line, but decreased with period and increased with GHRH dose. The R max did not differ between lines or among genders, but decreased with period. The ED 50 did not differ between lines or among periods, but heifers were more sensitive to GHRH than steers or bulls. Although GH response to GHRH has been identified as a potential indicator of genetic merit, it did not differ between these substantially different genetic lines.
Integrity Testing and Deviance: Construct Validity Issues and the Role of Situational Factors

Two studies were conducted to investigate relationships among several types of preemployment integrity tests and situational factors which could play a role in employee deviance. In one study, three integrity measures were administered to subjects who were told to assume the role of job applicant for a position in either a large, small, or unspecified organization. Moral development stage, social desirability, and demographic data were collected. While there was some construct consistency across the different integrity measures, the expected relation between honesty and moral development was not found. There was also no difference in integrity test scores as a function of the organizational size manipulation. In a second laboratory study in which subjects were asked to play the role of job incumbents, both size and perceived equity of organizational climate were experimentally manipulated. The dependent measure was a scale of likelihood of engaging in organizationally proscribed behaviors. While again no effect was found for organizational size, those individuals who perceived themselves as employed in an organization in which employees are mistreated tended to report greater likelihood of engaging in organizational deviance. Implications for integrity testing in personnel selection are discussed.
Abstract P047: The Role of the Healthy Heart Score in the Primordial Prevention of CVD Among Women

Background: Currently, clinical practice focuses on primary prevention of CVD by treating individuals at high risk of CVD based on the presence of clinical risk factors, rather than preventing the development of clinical risk factors through maintenance or adoption of a healthy lifestyle. We recently derived and validated the Healthy Heart Score, which estimates the 20-year risk of CVD based on modifiable lifestyle factors. The Healthy Heart Score in mid-adulthood effectively predicted CVD events; however whether this risk score can play an important role in the prevention of clinical CVD risk factor development, or primordial prevention of CVD, is not known. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis among 69,264 women, in the Nurses’ Health Study II, aged 26-45 years at study baseline in 1991 and free of CVD, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Diet and lifestyle factors were first assessed in 1991 and were updated by questionnaires every 2-4 years. The Healthy Heart Score was calculated at study baseline as the 20-year risk of CVD, based on a prediction model that includes age, smoking, BMI, hours of moderate to vigorous exercise, alcohol intake and a composite diet score (fruit & vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, red/processed meats, cereal fiber, nuts). Self-reported diabetes was validated by supplementary questionnaires. Physician-diagnosed hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were self-reported from biennial questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) for developing clinical CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia), adjusting for parental history of MI, aspirin use, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, parity, and oral contraceptive use. Results: Through 2011 (996,553 person-years of follow-up), we documented 2,745 diabetes, 16,605 hypertension and 20,926 hypercholesterolemia cases. The median 20 year risk of CVD based on the Healthy Heart Score was 0.8% at baseline (mean age 36). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of the Healthy Heart Score (median CVD risk: = 0.35%), women in the highest quintile (median CVD risk: 2.5%) had a HR (95%CI) of 5.1 (4.2, 6.2) for diabetes; 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) for hypertension and 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) for high cholesterol. The HR (95%CI) for developing ≥1 risk factor across quintiles was Q1: 1.0 (ref); Q2: 1.22 (1.16, 1.28); Q3: 1.34 (1.27, 1.40); Q4:1.48 (1.41, 1.56); Q5: 1.51 (1.43, 1.58); P-trend Conclusion: The Healthy Heart Score in early adulthood was strongly associated with the development of CVD risk factors among middle-aged women. Therefore, the Healthy Heart Score may be a useful tool in the clinic or community-based setting to evaluate the primordial prevention of CVD and help maintain ideal cardiovascular health among women.
Snackbot: Vision and Perception with Video and Audio Captures using GStreamer.

The Snackbot, is a robot designed in collaboration between the Robotics Institute, and the Human Computer Interaction Institute of Carnegie Mellon University. The Snackbot was created to traverse the halls of Carnegie Mellon University, and deliver food items ordered by occupants of the offices. The goal of this development project for the Snackbot, was to refine the audio/video synchronization, and to also create a simple way to log, and stream that data over a network. Such a task requires that one not only carefully consider different pieces of software to use, but also that they can apply it across the necessary platform. For the Snackbot, the sight, and sound are important qualities, especially when testing out in the field using an operator. That ability is crucial when preparing an interactive robot to autonomously carry out its task efficiently.
Abstract 152: Development of a Chronic Angiotensin II (AngII)-stimulated Neuronal Cell Culture Model

Dysregulation of AngII-mediated intra-neuronal signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Previous studies using AngII-sensitive neuronal cell culture models suggest that AngII induces chronic changes in the expression of various cell signaling proteins, including its own receptors. However, many of these studies stimulated cultured neurons with a single administration of exogenous AngII and harvested neurons 3-24 hours later to investigate changes in mRNA and protein levels. One limitation of these “chronic” AngII stimulation studies is the lack of evidence indicating the stability of AngII in neuronal cell culture media. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous AngII is rapidly metabolized in neuronal cell culture media. Further, we hypothesized that AngII receptors are differentially expressed depending on the chronicity of stimulation. AngII (100nM) was added to catecholaminergic (CATH.a) neurons in culture, media was collected 15 min - 24 hr later, and AngII levels were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AngII was rapidly metabolized with media levels of AngII returning to near baseline within 3 hr of administration (baseline: 2.2 nM AngII; 15 min: 50.6 nM; 30 min: 42.9 nM; 1hr: 28.8 nM ; 3hr: 4.0 nM, n = 3-4). To begin investigating the relevance of this observation, we measured mRNA levels of AngII type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors using real time quantitative RT-PCR in CATH.a neurons 24 hr after a single administration of AngII (100nM) or repeated administration every 3 hr. While a single administration of AngII did not alter AT1R mRNA levels, replenishing media every 3 hr with fresh AngII did induce a 20% decrease. In addition, fresh AngII every 3 hr resulted in a 41% decrease in AT2R mRNA levels; whereas, a single dose of AngII increased AT2R mRNA by 19%. These data indicate that AngII is quickly metabolized in neuronal cell culture media, and that supplementing fresh AngII every 3 hr to maintain elevated levels chronically yields different changes in AngII receptor mRNA levels as compared to a single administration. In conclusion, we suggest that to accurately model hypertension, where AngII is chronically elevated, the metabolism of AngII in a given cell culture model should first be determined.
Extension Use of Farm Work Simplification

A GRICULTURAL leaders, especially those in agricultural economics, have reached fairly general agreement during the past 2 or 3 years on the meaning of Farm Work Simplification though they may still dispute the full suitability of the name. The possibilities for further farm progress, through simplifying farm work, are appreciated by both leaders and laymen. Both the research on this subject and the acceptance of findings have been given much impetus by increased war demands for farm products and the parallel reduction in farm manpower. As with most all research the pay-off to our total economy is the producers' acceptance and application of its meritorious findings. It would seem, therefore, that the Extension Service has an opportunity to accomplish much by giving farmers and homemakers information on Farm Work Simplification. If anyone objects to the title used, it is well to remember that some other definitive title may be just as good as Farm Work Simplification, just so the concept indicates an easier and more economical' procedure for getting work done. So long as this title implies such a concept there is merit in maintaining the title which has already had wide publicity. The writer maintains that Farm Work Simplification, as thus defined, is a concept worthy of wide use by the Agricultural Extension Service. Undoubtedly its use is not limited to the field of farm management, but it definitely has a very pronounced place in farm management extension. In 1943, Dr. E. C. Young said, "The field of farm job analysis offers tremendous opportunities for research and teaching in an area that is comparatively undeveloped."2 We are all greatly pleased and impressed with the enormous strides he and his colleagues have made in developing techniques and uncovering great deposits of labor economy in this, heretofore undeveloped, area. Though research in analyzing farm jobs is still in its infancy, an important body of striking facts has been uncovered;. It is our job
Habitat Choice and Temporal Variation Alter the Balance between Adaptation by Genetic Differentiation, a Jack-of-All-Trades Strategy, and Phenotypic Plasticity

Confronted with variable environments, species adapt in several ways, including genetic differentiation, a jack-of-all-trades strategy, or phenotypic plasticity. Adaptive habitat choice favors genetic differentiation and local adaptation over a generalist, jack-of-all-trades strategy. Models predict that, absent plasticity costs, variable environments generally favor phenotypic plasticity over genetic differentiation and being a jack-of-all-trades generalist. It is unknown how habitat choice might affect the evolution of plasticity. Using an individual-based simulation model, I explored the interaction of choice and plasticity. With only spatial variation, habitat choice promotes genetic differentiation over a jack-of-all-trades strategy or phenotypic plasticity. In the absence of plasticity, temporal variation favors a jack-of-all-trades strategy over choice-mediated genetic differentiation; when plasticity is an option, it is favored. This occurs because habitat choice creates a feedback between genetic differentiation and dispersal rates. As demes become better adapted to their local environments, the effective dispersal rate decreases, because more individuals have very high fitness and so choose not to disperse, reinforcing local stabilizing selection and negating selection for plasticity. Temporal variation breaks that feedback. These results point to a potential data paradox: systems with habitat choice may have the lowest actual movement rates. The potential for adaptive habitat choice may be very common, but its existence may reduce observed dispersal rates enough that we do not recognize systems where it may be present, warranting further exploration of likely systems.
Seed Germination and Seedling Proliferation of Taro, Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott in Vitro

Taro seeds were germinated in vitro on several media. When the surfactant octadecyl-polyethoxyethanol was present at 5 mM concentration, growth was restricted and considerable proliferation occurre...
Surface Sputtering of Ag{100} by KeV Particle Bombardment

The atoms emitted from the single-crystal surface due to keV particle bombardment have been characterized using molecular dynamics to simulate the energy dissipation process. The model system in the calculation utilizes a Ag(100) microcrystallite of about 2000 atoms which is bombarded by as many as 1600 incident Ar atoms of 2-keV energy. The surface order is found to be preserved to a certain extent during the bombardment of static particle beams. A preferred direction of ejection is observed for the lower-kinetic-energy atoms (< I eV) sputtered from the second surface layer. Most of these atoms which take off late in the collision cascade originate from positions on the surface within three to four lattice spacings from the point of impact. The ejecting atoms are confined by the top layer atoms which are still located close to their lattice points when the collision cascade subsides. In addition, the angular pattern of ejection changes slightly as the emission energy of detection is varied. We found that the angular pattern of ejection did not vary with the emission energy in the low energy regime, in which the surface structure may be better determined.
Traditional water rights, ecology and the public trust doctrine in Hawaii

This case study discusses the implications of imposing the doctrine of public trust to ground and surface waters within the State of Hawaii and its effects on traditional rights that had previously evolved based on common law. It traces the major events of the history of water rights and practices beginning with the system devised by the indigenous Hawaiian people prior to the adoption of the doctrine of public trust to the water resources of the State of Hawaii, applied with the most expansive interpretation of the public trust doctrine, encompassing both surface and subsurface waters and a wide assortment of protected uses and purposes. The major decisions that ensued when applying the doctrine, via legal prescriptions and administrative rules, are described. The implications of the interplay between scientific enquiry and research are presented, with legal precedent in the face of potential water shortages, competing uses, sensitivities to comprehensive resource management, considerations of ecological balance and protection of the rights of indigenous people. Many of these findings are transferable to other jurisdictions contemplating the adoption of public trust doctrine principles to their surface and ground waters.
Forest lichen communities and environment–How consistent are relationships across scales?

Question: How consistent are relationships of forest lichen community composition with environmental variables across geographic scales within region and across regions? Location: Northwestern continental USA and east central continental USA. Method: Four macrolichen data sets were compiled using identical plot sample protocol: species abundance estimated in 0.4-ha permanent plots on a systematic grid, as part of government (USDA-FS) forest inventory programs. One data set in each region represented a large area; the other represented part of the large area. We used global NMS ordination of plots based on species abundance to extract major axes of variation in community composition. Correlations of species, guilds, and environmental variables with ordination axes were compared between geographic scales for the two regions. Results: Primary axes of community variation at larger scales were correlated with climate variables and related geographic variables such as latitude and elevation, and with pollution. Forest vegetation variables such as stand age and tree species composition became more important at small scales. Community variation unexplained by macro-environment variables also became more important at small scales. Of several hundred species tested, ten lichen species showed consistent behaviour between scales within region (one also across regions) and are thus potential general indicators of ecological conditions in forests. Of six lichen guilds tested, several show strong patterns not consistently related to environmental conditions Conclusions: Interpretation of lichen species and community composition as indicating particular environmental conditions is context-dependent in most cases. Observed relationships should not be generalized beyond the geographic and ecological scale of observation.
Black and Green: How Disinvestment, Displacement and Segregation Created the Conditions For Eco-Gentrification in Portland's Albina District, 1940-2015

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Ause, Carter W., "Black and Green: How Disinvestment, Displacement and Segregation Created the Conditions For EcoGentrification in Portland’s Albina District, 1940-2015" (2016). University Honors Theses. Paper 269.
Malignancies in Bladder Augmentations and Intestinal Conduits

We review the various reports on malignancies in bladder augmentations and urinary conduits, and compare these data to those known about malignancies arising in the colon after ureterosigmoidostomy