cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micellar ultrafiltration in an unstirred batch cell at constant flux

Abstract An unsteady mass-transfer model is developed to describe the ultrafiltration of micellar surfactant solutions in an unstirred batch cell at constant flux. Excellent agreement between the model and new experiments for asymmetric polyethersulfone membranes [5000 and 50,000 molecular weight cutoff (MWCO)] with aqueous hexadecyl (=cetyl)pyridinium chloride (CPC) solutions in 0.01 M NaCl allows quantitative characterization of the intrinsic membrane rejection properties for both surfactant monomer and micelles, and supports the physics at the membrane surface presumed in the model. The 5000 MWCO membrane rejects all of the micelles (hydrodynamic radius ≈2.5 nm) and most of the singly dispersed surfactant molecules, or monomers (hydrodynamic radius ≈0.42 nm); the intrinsic rejection coefficient of this membrane for micelles is 1.0 and for monomers 0.80. For the 50,000 MWCO membrane, two pore types are necessary to explain the observations. The small-pore intrinsic rejection coefficients for monomers and micelles are 0.75 and 1.0, respectively, while the large-pore rejection coefficients are 0.4 and 0.85, respectively. At least 88% of the permeate flow for the 50,000 MWCO membrane is through pores that completely reject micelles. More of the monomers and micelles are sieved by the membranes than is expected from their advertised molecular weight cutoffs. Calculations of intrinsic rejection using estimates of pore and solute size indicate qualitatively that repulsive electrostatic interactions and surfactant adsorption significantly influence rejection.
Ambulatory procedures for female pelvic floor disorders in the United States

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the number of women undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures for female pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in the United States and to compare age-adjusted ambulatory surgical case rates between 1996 and 2006. Study Design We analyzed data from the 1996 and 2006 National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery, a federal public access deidentified database. Procedures for PFDs were identified using International Classification of Diseases-9th revision Clinical Modification procedure codes for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse. Results The number of women undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures for urinary incontinence increased from 34,968 (95% confidence interval, 25,583–44,353) in 1996 to 105,656 (95% confidence interval, 79,033–132,279) in 2006. The age-adjusted ambulatory surgical case rates for all PFDs increased from 7.91 per 10,000 in 1996 to 12.10 per 10,000 in 2006 ( P = .0006). Conclusion Ambulatory procedures for urinary incontinence increased between 1996 and 2006, as well as the age-adjusted ambulatory case rate for all PFDs.
Diagnostics for nonlinearity in generalized linear models

In this paper, we evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of eight plots for identifying nonlinearity in covariates for generalized linear models, and show that these plots complement each other in detecting nonlinearity. We also present a transformed approach that allows the diagnostic plots to be obtained using the standard least squares method. Using simulated and real examples, we find that the performance of the transformed plots is comparable to that of the untransformed plots.
Importance of exercise capacity in the interpretation of a myocardial ischemic response to exercise testing

Patients who were stable 1 to 6 months after a cardiac event underwent routine exercise testing with thallium scintigraphy. The prognosis of patients with good exercise capacity (Bruce stage 3) was similar whether or not ischemia was demonstrated and similar to patients with reduced exercise capacity and no ischemia, whereas the presence of both ischemia and a reduced exercise tolerance identified patients with a significantly poorer prognosis.
Cognitive effects of life stress and learned helplessness

Abstract Stressful life events and learned helplessness attributional styles have been shown to impact a variety of personal outcomes. This study examined how these factors influence two classes of cognitive behaviors: the occurrence of intrusive thoughts and performance in memory and verbal-spatial reasoning tasks. Negative life change and attributions for negative events predicted different types of cognitive responses. Individuals reporting higher levels of life stress were more likely to experience distracting thoughts that were unrelated to the current task, whereas individuals with learned helplessness attributional styles tended to have more worrisome thoughts about their task performance. In general, individuals reporting high levels of negative life stress tended to perform more poorly in tasks, whereas individuals with learned helplessness attributional styles tended to perform better than those who did not share this explanatory style. These results suggest that life stress and attributional style have important influecnes on cognitive processes, and that a learned helplessness attributional style can have beneficial effects on behavior in some situations.
Enhancing the transdermal delivery of rigid nanoparticles using the simultaneous application of ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate

The potential of rigid nanoparticles to serve as transdermal drug carriers can be greatly enhanced by improving their skin penetration. Therefore, the simultaneous application of ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate (referred to as US/SLS) was evaluated as a skin pre-treatment method for enhancing the passive transdermal delivery of nanoparticles. We utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an improved application of confocal microscopy to compare the delivery of 10- and 20-nm cationic, neutral, and anionic quantum dots (QDs) into US/SLS-treated and untreated pig split-thickness skin. Our findings include: (a) ∼0.01% of the QDs penetrate the dermis of untreated skin (which we quantify for the first time), (b) the QDs fully permeate US/SLS-treated skin, (c) the two cationic QDs studied exhibit different extents of skin penetration and dermal clearance, and (d) the QD skin penetration is heterogeneous. We discuss routes of nanoparticle skin penetration and the application of the methods described herein to address conflicting literature reports on nanoparticle skin penetration. We conclude that US/SLS treatment significantly enhances QD transdermal penetration by 500-1300%. Our findings suggest that an optimum surface charge exists for nanoparticle skin penetration, and motivate the application of nanoparticle carriers to US/SLS-treated skin for enhanced transdermal drug delivery.
Interleukin-6 Regulates Expression of the Syndecan-1 Proteoglycan on B Lymphoid Cells

Abstract Proteoglycans participate in hematopoiesis and immune responses by mediating cell adhesion and by binding and presenting growth factors to cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate proteoglycan expression on cells of the immune system have not been defined. Syndecan-1, a member of the syndecan family of integral membrane proteoglycans, is expressed by pre-B cells and plasma cells but is absent from circulating B cells. Because IL-6 is an important cytokine in both B cell differentiation and in the progression of B cell-related diseases, we examined the effect of IL-6 on syndecan-1 expression. Following growth of murine B lymphoid cells in medium containing IL-6, the level of syndecan-1 detected is dramatically reduced. This reduction in syndecan- 1 expression is dependent on the concentration of IL-6 present in the medium, with syndecan-1 levels being 2.5- to 5-fold lower than those of controls when cells are grown in media containing 10 and 1000 U/ml of IL-6, respectively. The effect of IL-6 on syndecan-1 expression is time dependent, with syndecan-1 levels declining over the first 48 hr. This trend is reversible because following removal of exogenous IL-6, syndecan-1 levels increase within 24 hr to 80% of their control levels. The regulation of syndecan-1 expression by IL-6 appears to be via post-transcriptional mechanisms because syndecan-1 mRNA levels are not decreased following growth of cells in the presence of IL-6. Furthermore, IL-6 does not alter syndecan-1 structure and therefore its effect is diffirent from that of TGF-β which alters syndecan-1 glycosylation but not the number of syndecan-1 molecules at the cell surface. We conclude that IL-6 participates in the regulation of syndecan-1 expression on B lymphoid cells and, given its broad distribution, IL-6 may regulate proteoglycan expression on other cell types as well.
II. Quasi-elastic neutrino interactions

A series of runs have been recently completed at the Argonne 12.5 GeV proton-synchrotron, the Z. G. S., which were designed to study the elastic scattering of neutrinos via the reaction v + n → μ - + p +. The data provided are expected to give a measure of the momentum transfer dependence or form factor for the axial vector part of the weak interaction as expressed in terms of an axial vector mass or a mean square radius for the axial vector interaction. It was envisaged in the early planning of this experiment that the high intensity of the Argonne Z. G. S. combined with the energy of neutrinos expected to be obtained from 12-5 GeV protons, would combine to make a study of elastic neutrino interactions a desirable and an advantageous type of experiment. In order to obtain a high mass target with neutrino interaction rates of several hundred per day and the possibility of muon sign determination, we used iron as the principal mass. The neutrinos thus interact ‘quasi-elastically’ with neutrons in the iron nucleus providing sufficient momentum transfer is involved so that nuclear physics effects are avoided.
Approach to Stone Formation in the Pediatric Population

Pediatric urolithiasis is more common than previously reported. All children with urolithiasis deserve a thorough evaluation after their initial presentation. With careful assessment, metabolic risk factors may be found in the majority of children, leading to appropriate medical therapy of modifiable risk factors and prevention of further stone formation. Furthermore, early identification of inborn errors of metabolism is important to prevent morbidities associated with these disorders, such as end-stage renal disease. This review discusses the etiologies of pediatric urolithiasis, the metabolic evaluation, and treatment options.
A Graphical Method for Making Multiple Comparisons of Frequencies

The editor of TECHNOMETRICS, members of the TECHNOMETRICS Management Committee, and many readers of TECHNOMETRICS agree that there is a need for more “expository” articles in this journal. To respond to this need the following article has been written. This article describes a use of the Duncan Multiple Range Test to deal with a significance testing problem. The problem in its basic structure is a simple textbook problem but complicated by the kind of cultural, developmental, and physical requirements that so often make the simple textbook problems not nearly so simple in real life.
Prolactin modifies follicle-stimulating hormone-induced prostaglandin synthesis by the rat granulosa cell.

Female rats that had been hypophysectomized and implanted with a diethylstilbestrol capsule at 21 days of age were sacrificed 7 days after treatment with various combinations of ovine FSH, PMS gonadotropin, hCG, and ovine PRL (oPRL). Suspensions of granulosa cells obtained from the different groups were incubated at 37 C for 2 h with or without 5 × 10-4 M indomethacin. Prostaglandins (PG) E and F2α extracted from the suspensions and partially purified by chromatography on silicic acid columns were quantitated by specific RIA. The amounts of PG synthesized by the diethylstilbestrol-treated controls ranged from 10–2000 pg/106 cells and were not significantly altered by treatments with a single 5-IU hCG injection and/or 100 μg oPRL every 4 h. Three injections of 100 μg FSH markedly increased the rates of synthesis of PGE and PGF2α up to 2400 and 5600 pg/106 cells, respectively. These rates were increased still further by the injection of a FSH and hCG mixture. Additional injections of 100 μg oPRL every 4 h d...
Improvements in the methodology for measuring hydrochloric acid in combustion source emissions

Abstract In sampling gaseous hydrochloric acid in combustion source emissions by the standard method (collection of particles in a probe plug followed by absorption of gaseous HCl in an impinger solution), there is a potential for error due to interaction of HCl with the filtering medium and/or with particles on the filter. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the interaction of gaseous HCl with glass and quartz media and with particles from coal‐fired and incinerator boilers. Also, some source sampling results obtained by different methods at cement production plants, oil‐fired boilers, and a coal‐fired boiler were examined. On the basis of both studies, it is recommended that sampling for gaseous HCl in combustion source emissions employ a quartz filter medium, high‐velocity sample flow, minimum filter temperature, and minimum sample volume. This approach is expected to yield the most accurate HCl mass emission rates for source categories having significant chlorine in fuels or processes.
Characterization of [125I]HEAT binding to α1-receptors in human brain: assessment in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract The binding of [125I]2-(β-4-hydroxyphenylethylamino-ethyltetralone ([125I]HEAT), an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, to human brain membranes was characterized and the binding assessed in tissue from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging controls. Under Na+-K+ phosphate buffer conditions, [125I]HEAT bound to a single class of binding sites in prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) with a Kd of about 120 pM. High binding capacities of [125I]HEAT were evident in the hippocampus and neocortex but were low in subcortical areas and cerebral microvessels comparable to the regional distribution of [3H]prazosin binding reported previously. Displacement of [125I]HEAT by various adrenergic drugs was consistent with its binding to α1-adrenergic receptors. The specific binding was not affected by postmortem delay between death and freezing of tissue at autopsy. There was no correlation of [125I]HEAT binding with age of subjects. In AD subjects, the binding was significantly decreased in prefrontal cortex by about 25% but not changed in hippocampus, putamen or cerebellum compared to age-matched controls. The reduced binding of [125I]HEAT in prefrontal cortex may reflect a region-specific change in α1-adrenergic receptors associated with neuronal loss in AD.
Relationship of persistent manic symptoms to the diagnosis of pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders.

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (BPSDs; Bipolar I and II, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar not otherwise specified (NOS)) are chronic, debilitating illnesses with considerable controversy surrounding their pediatric presentation.1 Over half (60%) of adults with bipolar disorder experience their first symptoms during adolescence.2,3 Nearly one-third (30%) experience symptoms prior to age 13.2,3 In clinical settings, children are increasingly likely to be given a bipolar diagnosis.4–7 Although controversy remains about the nature of bipolar spectrum presentations in youth,8 both “classic” and other spectrum presentations (BP-II, BP-NOS, cyclothymic disorder) are often associated with substantial suffering.9 Increased prevalence in clinical settings,10 combined with poor long-term outcomes, make accurate and early diagnosis of BPSD an important challenge with considerable public health significance. The few available studies examining prodromal symptoms for BPSD suggest that symptoms of mania may be indicative of early stages of illness,11–14 although many studies examining early symptoms concentrate on children of parents with BPSD,15–18 and few have used prospective designs.19–21 Growing evidence indicates a large number of children receiving psychiatric care present with elevated symptoms of mania (ESM).22–24 A substantial proportion of youth with ESM suffer from considerable dysfunction, although many do not meet strict DSM criteria for BPSD.24–27 Previous papers have described the participant characteristics28 and study design29 of the NIMH-funded Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study. This article extends previous studies by describing diagnostic differences between youth with parent-reported manic symptoms that persist over two assessment points (Persistent ESM+) versus youth with manic symptoms that remit (Remitted ESM+) or are consistently low across two time points (Persistent ESM−). It was hypothesized that individuals with Persistent ESM+ would have higher rates of BPSD diagnoses than other youth. In this study, ESM is conceptualized as a phenotype that when positive and persistent (Persistent ESM+), is related to and potentially predictive of current or future BPSD diagnosis, but is not redundant with BPSD. This study’s secondary aim was to evaluate clinical utility of tracking manic symptoms over two time points in determining the presence of pediatric BPSD. Parent reports on brief rating scales have been particularly powerful at reducing the tendency to over-diagnose bipolar disorder.10,30 We expected that including information from two assessment time points would further increase the accuracy of predicting BPSD.
Remission Prognosis for Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression Using the Pupil: Utility and Neural Correlates

Background Although up to 60% of people with major depressive disorder respond to cognitive therapy (CT) in controlled trials, clinicians do not routinely use standardized assessments to inform which patients should receive this treatment. Inexpensive, noninvasive prognostic indicators could aid in matching patients with appropriate treatments. Pupillary response to emotional information is an excellent candidate, reflecting limbic reactivity and executive control. This study examined 1) whether pretreatment assessment of pupillary responses to negative information were associated with remission in CT and 2) their associated brain mechanisms. Methods We examined whether pretreatment pupillary responses to emotional stimuli were prognostic for remission in an inception cohort of 32 unipolar depressed adults to 16 to 20 sessions of CT. Twenty patients were then assessed on the same task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Pupillary responses were assessed in 51 never-depressed controls for reference. Results Remission was associated with either low initial severity or the combination of higher initial severity and low sustained pupillary responses to negative words (87% correct classification of remitters and nonremitters, 93% sensitivity, 80% specificity; 88% correct classification of high-severity participants, p Conclusions For patients with higher severity, disruptions of executive control mechanisms responsible for initiating emotion regulation, which are indexed by low sustained pupil responses and targeted in therapy, may be key to remitting in this intervention. These mechanisms can be measured using inexpensive noninvasive psychophysiological assessments.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF HIGH-SPEED FLOWS OVER A MICROSPHERE IN THE SLIP AND EARLY TRANSITION FLOW REGIMES

The focus of this paper is on using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the drag and convection heat transfer of high-speed flows over a microsphere. The flow under investigation is steady-state, subsonic, transonic or supersonic laminar flow over a sphere. Due to the small size of the particle (< 80 microns), the flow is in the slip and early transition regimes. Typical Reynolds number based on sphere’s diameter is between 10 and 6000, and the Knudsen number is between 0.001 and 0.75.For the slip flow as well as the early transition regimes, instead of using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo methods (DSMC) or lattice Boltzmann methods, we use ANSYS FLUENT, a Navier-Stokes-Fourier solver with the first-order velocity-slip and temperature-jump boundary conditions. In order to capture the non-equilibrium effects in the Knudsen layer, a constitutive scaling model for gas viscosity and conductivity is also implemented in the CFD model.CFD simulations were performed at the free-stream Mach number from 0.6 to 3.0, with particle diameter from 1 to 80 microns and the Knudsen number from 1.4 × 10−3 to 0.14. The CFD results are in good agreement with experimental data. The deviations from the data are within 10%.The numerical model also provides additional insight to the concept of the thermal recovery temperature in high-speed convection. Due to the nature of the temperature-jump boundary condition, the thermal recovery temperature in the slip flow regime can be obtained numerically only by solving the conjugate heat transfer problem. A “thin-wall” model is introduced in this paper in order to determine the thermal recovery temperature (or recovery factor) for the given Mach and Reynolds numbers.Although a number of publications have been devoted to particle drag correlations as functions of particle Reynolds and Mach numbers, the dependence of drag on particle temperature has not been investigated. By using the rarefied gas flow model in this study, we have not only confirmed that the drag increases as particle temperature goes higher, but also found that rate of drag increase is higher for the transonic than for the supersonic flows.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
928 IS A SERUM INHIBITOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (SCID) IN NATIVE AMERICANS

928 IS A SERUM INHIBITOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (SCID) IN NATIVE AMERICANS?
Photochemistry and Patterning of Self-Assembled Monolayer Films Containing Aromatic Hydrocarbon Functional Groups

The deep ultraviolet (λ < ∼250 nm) photochemistry of chemisorbed organosilane self-assembled films of the type R(CH2)nSiO−surface where n = 0, 1, 2 and R = phenyl, naphthyl, or anthracenyl is explored. Photochemistry is examined using 193 and 248 nm laser irradiation as well as deep ultraviolet lamp sources. It is demonstrated for a variety of systems, including single and multiple rings as well as heterocycles, that the primary photochemical mechanism is cleavage of the Si−C bond. Photocleavage of the organic group generates a polar, wettable silanol surface that is amenable to subsequent remodification by organosilane chemisorption, allowing the fabrication of high-resolution patterns of chemical functional groups in a single molecular plane. The use of patterned monolayers as templates of reactivity for subsequent selective chemical reactions is demonstrated.
Developing new launch vehicle technology: The case for multi-national private sector cooperation

Abstract Space is now a global business, yet the cost of getting to space is still high. Developing new launch vehicles that are cheaper, safer, and more reliable is the key to both rapid commercial growth and to more and better government uses of space. However, the RD the past 50 years have seen many government development programs, but no major technological breakthroughs. Perhaps, it is therefore time to think about other ways of developing new launch vehicles. The best expertise in this field resides primarily with private companies and is spread across many actors and nations. A consortium led by space firms might be a better approach to opening up space in the 21st century. Governments will have to develop new policies treating space as though it were a commercial industry, in particular, relaxing export trade restrictions wherever possible. Issues of dual-use may be outweighed by the rapidly growing widespread availability of launch capabilities. Since new launch vehicles will require large up-front R&D expenditures, government support will continue to be needed to supplement private capital funds. Contributions to this effort should be international. However, difficult it might be in today's security conscious environment to reorient government policy, doing so may offer the most efficient and successful way to break the technological and economic barriers to more reliable access to space.
X-ray diffraction investigations and spectral analyses of monoclinic SmKFe(CN)6 · 3H2O

Abstract Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data, X-ray fluorescence and thermal gravimetric analyses, conoscopic results, and infrared spectral data are presented for SmKFe(CN) 6 · 3H 2 O. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 m (No. 11), a = 7.329(2), b = 13.689(4), c = 7.324(3) A, β = 119.97(3)°, Z = 2, D m = 2.37(1) Mg m −3 , and D x = 2.376 Mg m −3 . Final least-squares full-matrix refinement yielded R = 0.0574 and R w = 0.0568 for 2138 unique reflections. The samarium ion is nine-coordinated forming a tricapped trigonal prism geometry. The octahedral FeC 6 groups are linked to the SmN 6 (H 2 O) 3 groups by cyanide bridging. The coordinated water molecules occupy general positions at two-thirds occupancy. The uncoordinated water molecule and the potassium ion (each at 0.5 occupancy) occupy holes in the structure. Important mean bond distances are: SmN = 2.478(5); SmO = 2.678(4); FeC = 1.899(5); and CN = 1.156(3) A.
Skp2: a novel potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed tumor in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death for males in the United States. It has been shown that multiple signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, such as androgen receptor (AR), Akt, Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh) and Notch. Recently, burgeoning amounts of evidence have implicated that the F-box protein Skp2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2), a well-characterized oncoprotein, also plays a critical role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review discusses the recent literature regarding the function and regulation of Skp2 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, we highlight that Skp2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target, thus warrants further development of agents to target Skp2, which could have significant therapeutic impact on prostate cancer.
Comparison of corresponding states methods with and without density dependent mixing rules

Abstract Two versions of the corresponding states principle are reviewed, as are a number of mixture prescriptions for extending the principle to mixtures. The use of density-dependent mixing rules in the corresponding states methods is also examined. The various combinations of methods and mixing rules are compared for their ability to correlate supercritical extraction equilibria.
A robust web programming and graphics course for non-majors

Web Programming, Graphics, and Design is a course with no prerequisites that teaches non-computer science majors how to create their own sophisticated web pages. The course begins with the use of popular software such as Dreamweaver and Fireworks and then progresses to writing interactive web pages in Java. Students learn how to program with Java's Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) as well as the graphics library, leading to the creation of 3D images. Solving problems involving mathematics is a theme throughout much of the course. Finally, following Wheaton College's curricular emphasis on inter-departmental offerings, the course is linked with Graphic Design I in the Art Department, enabling students to learn the design portion in even greater depth.
Measuring the Net Economic Value of Recreational Boating as Water Levels Fluctuate

The purpose of this article was to show how the value of recreational boating can be assessed and how that value can be linked to water levels. Data were gathered via a survey of recreational boaters to determine days boated and willingness-to-pay (net economic value) for boating on Lake Ontario and on the St. Lawrence River in 2002. Depth measurements were taken at marinas and yacht clubs, boat launch ramps, and private docks. Stage-damage curves were used to pinpoint at what water levels and to what extent boaters would be impacted. Boaters recreated an estimated 1.3 million days in 2002 and spent an estimated US$178 million in New York counties bordering Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. The mean net economic value per day per boat (above current expenditures) was $69.36, with an estimated total net economic value of US$90 million. Using Lake Ontario as an example, the stage-damage curves show that the overall negative impact would be small, between 245 and 248 ft. Maintaining water levels within that range for the entire boating season would be ideal for Lake Ontario boaters and associated businesses.
Analysis of fullerene-based nanomaterial in serum matrix by CE

With the increasing interest in using nanoparticles as vehicles for drug delivery and image contrast agents, there is a need to develop assays for their detection and quantitation in complex matrices to facilitate monitoring their biodistribution. In this study, we developed a CE approach for the analysis of two nanoparticles: carboxyfullerene (C3) and dendrofullerene (DF1) in both standard solutions and a serum matrix. These highly soluble, charged C(60) derivatives were characterized by CZE using either a bare or dynamically coated fused-silica capillaries. The resolution of both nanoparticles was slightly lower with the coated capillary; however, their migration times were faster. While separation of the DF1 nanoparticles using MEKC resulted in a greater number of observable peaks, the peak profile of C3 was basically unchanged regardless of whether SDS micelles were added to the running buffers or not. The MEKC and/or CZE assays were then used to quantitate the C3 and DF1 nanoparticles in spiked human serum samples. The quantitation of the nanoparticles was linear from 0-500 microg/mL with detection limits ranging from 0.5 to 6 microg/mL.
Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional studies of the vaccinia virus KpnI I DNA fragment.

The nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus (VV)KpnI I DNA fragment has been determined. This central, highly conserved portion of the VV genome corresponds to the right portion of theHindIII E, all of theHindIII O and P, and the left portion of theHindIII I DNA fragments. Computer-assisted analysis of this data indicated the presence of five tandemly oriented, leftward-reading open reading frames (ORFs) I-4, I-3, I-2, I-1, and O-1, with the I-4 ORF being an immediate early gene encoding the large M1 subunit of VV ribonucleotide reductase. Transcriptional analyses suggested that the I-3 and O-1 genes were constitutive genes, being expressed both before and after viral DNA synthesis. The I-1 and I-2 genes were late genes, expressed only after the initiation of viral DNA synthesis. Cellfree translation was used to confirm that the I-3, I-1, and O-1 ORFs were bonafide messages encoding proteins with molecular weights of 30, 35, and 71 kD, respectively. When the predicted amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by the I-3, I-2, I-1, and O-1 genes were compared to the Genbank data base, no significant alignments were detected. Therefore, the biological functions of these proteins in the VV life cycle remain to be established.
Who constructed post-industrial society? An informal account of a paradigm shift at Columbia, pre-daniel bell

Columbia sociologists from the 1940s to 1970s probed core elements of post-industrial society. Lazarsfeld, Merton, and their colleagues conducted many detailed studies that contributed to a paradigmatic revolution. Yet the revolution went unrecognized at the time. Why? Many Columbia sociologists saw themselves as closer to Marx, and only years after their core ideas emerged, was the term “post-industrial” applied by Bell. They still contributed a middlerange set of propositions and findings that cumulatively transformed the broader paradigms. Their work offers useful concepts and propositions to interpret the post-industrial society of the early twenty-first century. These concepts are presented in tables contrasting them with Marxist and individualist concepts. Key examples are explored.
Bounds for the average genus of the vertex-amalgamation of graphs

Abstract The average orientable genus of graphs has been the subject of a considerable number of recent investigations. It is the purpose of this article to examine the extent to which the average genus of the amalgamation of graphs fails to be additive over its constituent subgraphs. This discrepancy is bounded and the sharpness of these bounds discussed and compared to similar bounds for the minimum and the maximum genera of the amalgamation of graphs. The main result relies on permutation-partition pairs for its proof.
A comment on ‘MgSO4 ion association in seawater’ by Fisher, Gieskes and Hsu

Abstract Recently, the stoichiometric association constant for MgSO 4 o in seawater was presented as being inconsistent with thermodynamic data. The results obtained are refuted here as being inaccurate due to assumptions made concerning the activity coefficient of the MgSO 4 o ion pair.
A weighted spin density approximation for chemistry: importance of shell partitioning☆

Abstract We have previously developed an efficient implementation of the weighted density approximation for use in quantum chemistry. While the ground state atomic energies were accurate, the results for bond lengths, vibrations and dissociation energies of small homo-nuclear dimers were disappointing. This formulation, however, did not correct for the effects of inter-shell interactions. When the density is partitioned into core and valence contributions, the results are in good agreement with experimental measurements, and improve upon the predictions from the local spin-density approximation and a representative generalized gradient approximation.
Can we resolve contradictions between process dissociation models

Wainwright and Reingold (1996) presented equations for various versions of the process dissociation procedure that has been used to separate conscious and unconscious memory process. In the present reply it is suggested that these equations, though helpful, may not capture some of the key theoretical possibilities that could help to resolve apparent contradictions and paradoxes in the empirical literature. Specifically, there could be an independence of processes that might be estimated to a sufficient degree of accuracy for some theoretical purposes despite a violation of the assumption of stochastic independence.
A topological characterization for closed sets under polar duality in Q n

A topological characterization is given for closed sets in źn under the restriction of (cone) polar duality to źn.
Use of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers test pattern in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)

In 1985 the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) published a Recommended Practice (RP-133) entitled Specifications for Medical Diagnostic Imaging Test Pattern for Television Monitors and Hard-copy Cameras. Since that time the SMPTE monochrome test pattern has been applied to the acceptance testing and quality control of video and image display systems, and hard-copy (film) recorders. The major features of the test pattern will be discussed along with applications and the problems demonstrated with the pattern. Furthermore, the test pattern will be used to demonstrate that color displays may exhibit only one-half of the resolution of a monochrome monitor while the display contrast (due to limited dynamic range) may be only 10 to 20 of that obtained with a monochrome display.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spectral and biological studies of copper(II) complexes of 2-acetyl-pyridine thiosemicarbazones with bulky 4N-substituents

Copper(II) complexes of a large number of 2-acetylpyridine 4N-alkyl thiosemicarbazones were prepared and characterized. I.r., electronic and e.s.r. spectra of the complexes, as well as 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra of the thiosemicarbazones, were obtained. Both the thiosemicarbazones and their complexes show either modest or no growth inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger, but many have considerable activity against Paecilomyces variotii. There is a relationship between the antifungal activity and size of the 4N-substituent for both the thiosemicarbazones and their copper(II) complexes.
Facile structure-controlled synthesis of mesoporous γ-alumina: Effects of alcohols in precursor formation and calcination

Abstract We report a facile synthesis of mesoporous alumina catalysts supports with controlled pore properties by varying the alcohols used in the rinsing and gelation of boehmite/bayerite precursors derived from a controlled hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen gas adsorption, and comparative adsorption analysis were performed to determine the structure of these materials. After calcination at 700 °C for 2 h, surface areas of these synthesized alumina catalysts supports range from 180 to 260 m 2 /g, average pore widths range from 7 to 37 nm, and pore volumes range from 0.8 to 1.4 cm 3 /g. Accordingly, this synthetic method provides a facile route to the controlled synthesis of nanostructured alumina catalyst supports with customized pore structures, including a wide range of mesopore widths.
A Performance Counter Based Workload Characterization on Blue Gene/P

IBM's Blue Gene/P, the second generation of the Blue Genesupercomputer is designed with a Universal Performance Counter (UPC) Unit at each node capable of monitoring 256 events concurrently, unlike many microprocessors that provide only a few performance counters. In this paper we demonstrate the efficacy of the interface library that we have developed, taking advantage of the UPC unit, enabling users to effortlessly instrument applications and get a profound insight into its execution on the Blue Gene/P system which could scale in thousands of nodes. The interface library allows the user to monitor about 512 performance related events out of a total of 1024 possible events and aggregate the data collected at different nodes and compute meaningful metrics through data mining.Using the developed interface, we instrumented the NAS parallel benchmarks and collected the performance counter data. We studied the MFLOPS, L3-DDR Traffic and the dynamic instruction mix based on the counters in the FPU and the cache hierarchy for different compiler optimizations, modes of operations of the system and different L3, L2 configurations for the NAS benchmarks. Our analysis identifies that compiler optimization O5 along with "-qarch440d", which uses the architectural information of the chip in optimization, is very effective in incorporating a lot of SIMD instructions and results in the most efficient execution of the benchmarks. The experiments on the L3 size indicate that an L3 size of 4MB is optimal for the NAS benchmarks and they do not benefit by increasing it further. Also, the virtual node mode of operation of the Blue Gene/P system is very effective and yields superior performance for the selected benchmarks taking advantage of the chip multiprocessor architecture of the quad-core HPC chip.
Some Observations on the Metric of PC-BILOG Results

The computer program PC-BILOG uses the estimated posterior θ distribution to establish the location and metric of the θ scale. This approach to solving the identification problem has not been examined extensively. Consequently, this study investigated the equating of PC-BILOG results to an underlying metric when a two-parameter IRT model was used. The simulation results showed that the means of the estimated item and θ parameters generally were insensitive to characteristics of the prior distribution on the item discriminations. The finding of greatest interest was that the PC-BILOG procedures preserved the variability of true θ dis tributions having small variances while standardiz ing the variability of those having large variances. However, in both cases the results could be equat ed to the true metric using existing techniques.
Isgur-Wise symmetry in two dimensions.

The approach to the heavy-quark Isgur-Wise limit is examined in (1+1)-dimensional QCD where exact calculations are possible. To facilitate the discussion, an explicit scaling equation for the mesonic Bethe-Salpeter amplitude is derived. We find that the leading finite heavy-quark mass corrections to the decay constant and the elastic form factor are comparable in strength. Nonrelativistic estimates of both of the quantities work reasonably well and generalize to 3+1 dimensions. We find that the corrections to the (3+1)-dimensional form factor at large {ital v}{center dot}{ital v}{prime} are comparable to those estimated for the decay constant by lattice gauge theory and QCD sum rules. Furthermore, the structure function {ital f}{sub {minus}}({ital v}{center dot}{ital v}{prime}) is found to be quite large at {ital v}{center dot}{ital v}{prime}=1 and we argue that this will remain true in 3+1 dimensions. This implies that one must exercise caution when attempting to extract Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements from semileptonic decays. Finally, it is shown that the Isgur-Wise symmetry never breaks down in two-dimensional QCD for heavy-quark to heavy-quark transitions.
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee after sensory nerve injury.

Summary Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) of the knee is an extremely difficult problem to treat. This study examined the possible relationship between isolated injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) and the etiology and natural course of RSD. Thirty-five patients with clinically significant sympathetic dystrophy of the knee were examined retrospectively. All patients (100%) had clinical evidence of insult to the IPBSN. Thirty-three patients (94%) were found to have vasomotor instability as measured by isolated cold stress testing (ICST). All patients in this population of 33 were treated with vasoactive therapies. Subjective improvement was noted in 20 patients (p = NS). Initial ICSTs of improved and unimproved patients were compared. Baseline temperatures were significantly warmer in patients who improved with therapy (p
Component Failure Analysis From a Fleet of PEM Fuel Cells

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) managed the Residential Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Demonstration. The U.S. Congress funded this project for fiscal years 2001–2004. A fleet of 91 residential-scale PEM fuel cells, ranging in size from 1–5 kW, was demonstrated at various U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) facilities worldwide. This detailed analysis looks into the most prevalent means of failure in the PEM fuel cell systems as categorized from the stack, reformer, and power-conditioning systems as well as the subsequent subsystems. Also evaluated are the lifespan and failure modes of selected fuel cell components, based on component type, age, and usage. The analysis shows while the fuel cell stack components had the single highest number of outages, the balance of plant made for 60.6% of the total outages. The hydrogen cartridges were the most prevalent component replaced during the entire program. The natural gas fuel cell stacks had the highest average operational lifetime; one stack reached a total of 10,250 hours.
Design and evaluation of new soft anticholinergic agents

The design and evaluation of two new soft anticholinergic agents, ethoxycarbonylphenylcyclopentylacetyl-N,N-dimethyltropinium methyl sulfate (PCMS-1) and methoxycarbonylphenylcyclopentylacetyl-N,N-dimethyltropinium methyl sulfate (PCMS-2) are presented. According to the inactive metabolite approach of the soft drug design and using methatropine as the lead compound, the corresponding ethyl- and methylesters were formed and a cyclopentyl ring was also introduced in the structures. By the latter, the enhancement of anticholinergic activity was expected based on previous experience. However, this was not fully achieved, as both receptor binding studies and pA2 values showed a somewhat lower in vitro activity of PCMS-1 and PCMS-2 than that of tematropium. This was probably due to the increase of the volume of the molecules by the cyclopentyl ring, as demonstrated by quantitative structure–activity relationship calculations. According to these, molecular size is a very important activity determining factor. The in vivo characterization of PCMS-2, both in the mydriasis tests and in the prevention of carbachol-induced bradycardia, supported its soft nature. Applying PCMS-2 into rabbit eyes, dilation of the contralateral pupils was not observed. Both methatropine (at all concentrations applied) and tropicamide (at 1%) caused dilation of the contralateral pupils, indicating a systemic effect of these reference drugs. PCMS-2 was as potent as methatropine in preventing carbachol-induced bradycardia in the rat; however, its duration of action was significantly shorter, 15–30 min vs. 2 h, respectively. Drug Dev. Res. 43:117–127, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Membrane anchorage of gp160 is necessary and sufficient to prevent CD4 transport to the cell surface.

Abstract The HIV envelope glycoprotein gp160 plays a major role in the posttranslational down-regulation of its receptor, CD4. In this report we have analyzed the requirements of both CD4 and gp160 involved in transport block of the gp160–CD4 complex causing the down-regulation of cell surface CD4. Using a transient expression system we observed that both soluble and membrane-bound CD4 were equally blocked by the wild-type gp160, indicating that neither the transmembrane domain nor the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 affected its interaction with gp160 or exocytic transport block of the complex. Similarly, deletions of the gp160 cytoplasmic domain or mutation in the transmembrane domain had little effect on its transport, or its ability to down-regulate CD4 surface expression. Furthermore, substitution of the gp160 transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail with that of the influenza virus hemagglutinin or with a glycophosphatidylinositol moiety did not affect its ability to bind CD4 and block its transport. However, soluble envelope glycoprotein constructs (either gp120 or soluble gp160) were unable to block CD4 transport to the cell surface despite their binding to CD4 within the ER. Taken together these results demonstrate that neither the gp160 cytoplasmic tail nor the specific sequences of the transmembrane region of gp160 nor the membrane anchoring of CD4 were involved in ER retention of the CD4–gp160 complex and that anchoring of gp160 to the ER membrane was responsible for gp160-mediated cell surface down-regulation of CD4.
Constraints on flagellar rotation.

Abstract The motion of tethered cells of Streptococcus was analyzed at low values of protonmotive force (Δ p ). Cells repeatedly energized and de-energized stopped at discrete angular positions, indicating a rotational symmetry of barriers to rotation of order 5 or 6· At values of Δ p smaller than −30 mV, constraints imposed by these barriers were evident when cells were starved and gradually energized, but not when they were energized first and then gradually de-energized. At values of Δ p larger than about −30 mV, the cells behaved as if there were no barriers. Cells spinning in this regime also executed rotational Brownian movement. At energy levels above threshold, the motor determines torque; it does not fix the position of the rotor relative to the stator.
Epilogue: From ‘Quarterbacking While Mexican’ to New Horizons in Sport History

The prologue to this collection was written during a time-span coinciding with the collegiate football season of 2008 and discussed particular aspects of the career of a Mexican-American quarterbac...