cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marital MMPI characteristics: A test of Arnold's Signs

Investigated the usefulness of Arnold's Signs (certain MMPI personality characteristics) in examining marital discord among three clinical groups of married couples (N = 72). Couples who were parents of children brought to a mental health facility, couples who were seeking marital counseling, and couples in the process of divorce. While it was predicted that the divorcing group would reveal the most amount of discord, results revealed that the counseling group was consistently higher on all of the signs that reached significance. Possible explanations and recommendations for the use of Arnold's Signs are made.
To inform or persuade? Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs.

Recent events offer an opportunity to consider the appropriate role of the promotion of prescription drugs. Ernst Berndt states that although changes in FDA policy are promising, industry must also address the imbalance between risk information and benefit information in its advertising.
Quantitative analysis strengthens qualitative assessment: a case study of Devonian brachiopod species

Species recognition attributed to the brachiopod family Atrypidae is evaluated based on qualitative and quantified morphological characters. I identified two brachiopod species—Pseudoatrypa lineata and Pseudoatrypa devoniana—from a rich assemblage of brachiopods recovered from the middle Devonian Genshaw Formation of the Traverse Group. Qualitative examination suggested that the former had fine-medium-sized ribbing, a narrow hinge line, widened anterior, moderately steep mid-anterior fold, domal shaped dorsal valve, and an inflated ventral valve in contrast to the coarse ribbing, widened hinge line, narrow anterior, gentle mid-anterior fold, arched-shape dorsal valve, and flat ventral valve of the latter. The shell outline appears rounded for P. lineata and elongated for P. devoniana. Quantitative assessment of the morphological characters on the dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior regions of the valves of the two species using geometric morphometric and statistical analyses suggests that the morphologies of the two species are considerably different (P $$ \ll $$ 0.01). Thus, qualitative differences between the two atrypid species were further corroborated by quantitative results. This emphasizes the fact that these two species of Pseudoatrypa were indeed different from each other. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating quantified morphological characters to successfully investigate the taxonomic distinctness of fossil invertebrates to the species level.
MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly advanced evaluation of marrow diseases of the paediatric skeleton. As with many other aspects of paediatric radiology it is important to recognize the normal variations in the appearance of the marrow that occur in the growing child. These normal variations need to be differentiated from diseases and conditions that affect the marrow. This review describes the normal changes that occur in children with age, and the appearances of the pathological changes seen in infection, infiltration, haematological disorders, transplantation and radiation therapy.
Coping with time pressure in interfirm supply chain relationships

Abstract In today's evolving marketplace, firms must increasingly focus on developing responsiveness to meet customer demands. In the pursuit of such rapid response to customer needs, firms often demand that other members of their supply chain reduce cycle times of key business activities. Although tight deadlines are commonly imposed by customers, little is known about how supplier firms respond to such time pressure. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to learn more about the phenomenon of time pressure in interfirm relationships and determine how firms cope with this common situational constraint. Grounded theory methodology was utilized to discover a time pressure coping strategies taxonomy that is driven by evaluative criteria such as the frequency, magnitude, and attribution of time pressure. The model that emerged from this research provides information about the potential costs of leveraging interfirm relationships in order to achieve supply chain responsiveness.
Explaining pedestrian safety experience at urban and suburban street crossings considering observed conflicts and pedestrian counts

This article presents an investigation of pedestrian conflicts and crash count models to learn which exposure measures and roadway or roadside characteristics significantly influence pedestrian safety at road crossings. Negative binomial and ordered proportional odds technique were used to estimate pedestrian conflict count and severity models. Pedestrian counts and conflicts data were collected at 100 locations throughout Connecticut. Pedestrian crash data were collected from the Connecticut Crash Data Repository. The results show that minor and serious conflicts are marginally significant in predicting total pedestrian crashes together with crossing distance and building setback. This suggests that these conflicts may be a good surrogate for crashes in analyzing pedestrian safety. Greater crossing distance and small building setbacks are found to be associated with larger numbers of pedestrian–vehicle crashes. This latter effect is not expected, because we expect vehicle speeds to be lower in areas wher...
Comparing borosilicate and soda-lime glass for fabricating open-tubular liquid chromatographic columns

Abstract A comparison was made between reversed-phase, open-tubular liquid chromatographic columns fabricated from bososilicate glass (modified by an electro-etching technique) and from soda-lime glass (modified with sodium hydroxide). Non-uniform etching was observed throughout the length of borosilicate glass columns. Soda-lime glass columns exhibited slightly higher retention (k′) of test solutes, but the column modification procedure was plagued by a high incidence of column clogging. Borosilicate glass will probably be the best material for fabricating efficient open-tubular columns with inner diameters of 10 μm or less, primarily due to the high incidence of column clogging during column modification procedures for soda-lime glass.
Reactions of Semivolatile Organics and Their Effects on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a significant fraction of total atmospheric particulate loading, but there is evidence that SOA yields based on laboratory studies may underestimate atmospheric SOA. Here we present chamber data on SOA growth from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, finding that SOA yields are systematically lower when inorganic seed particles are not initially present. This indicates that concentrations of semivolatile oxidation products are influenced by processes beyond gas-particle partitioning, such as chemical reactions and/or loss to chamber walls. Predictions of a kinetic model in which semivolatile compounds may undergo reactions in both the gas and particle phases in addition to partitioning are qualitatively consistent with the observed seed effect, as well as with a number of other recently observed features of SOA formation chemistry. The behavior arises from a kinetic competition between uptake to the particle phase and reactive loss of the semivolatile product. It is shown that when hydrocarbons react in the absence of preexisting organic aerosol, such loss processes may lead to measured SOA yields lower than would occur under atmospheric conditions. These results underscore the need to conduct studies of SOA formation in the presence of atmospherically relevant aerosol loadings.
Abstract 2789: Interaction of (+)-discodermolide-Taxol hybrids with microtubules

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Taxol and discodermolide are both microtubule stabilizing agents that bind to the β-tubulin subunit of microtubules. Based on our results that the hydrophobic binding pocket of β-tubulin is occupied by the Taxol side chain but not by (+)-discodermolide, and that the two drugs act synergistically in cancer cell lines, a small library of (+)-discodermolide-Taxol hybrids was synthesized (J. Med. Chem. 54:6319, 2011). Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated a 2-9-fold increase in antiproliferative activity by the hybrids compared to discodermolide in the human cancer cell lines, A549 and MCF-7. Hybrids containing a tether of 3 carbons that connect discodermolide with the Taxol side chain, exhibited the best activity. Tubulin assembly assays were performed with the two most potent hybrid molecules. Like discodermolide, these two hybrids increased tubulin assembly rapidly without a lag period. Tubulin polymerization studies using purified bovine brain tubulin demonstrated that they also had the greatest effect on the formation of polymerized microtubules. These results also were observed in intact A549 cells and in 100,000 x g supernatants prepared from these cells. We have previously shown that [3H]2-(m-azidobenzoyl)Taxol photolabels a peptide containing amino acid residues 217-231 of β-tubulin. A 5-fold molar excess of unlabeled compound inhibited the photolabeling of purified bovine brain tubulin by 94%, demonstrating the specificity of this photolabeling. Microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs), such as Taxol, epothilone B, discodermolide and ixabepilone, each at a 5-fold molar excess, inhibited the photolabeling by 24%, 92%, 100% and 41%, respectively, indicating that discodermolide is the most potent inhibitor of the photolabeling. In contrast, two other MSAs, laulimalide and peloruside that are known to bind to a different site in β-tubulin, exhibited stimulatory effects on the photolabeling. Both drugs, at a 5-fold molar excess, increased the labeling by 30-40%. [3H]2-(m-azidobenzoyl)Taxol (0.5 - 20 µM) was used to study the kinetics of the inhibitory effects of the hybrid molecules on photoaffinity labeling of tubulin. Discodermolide-Taxol hybrids inhibited the photolabeling of bovine brain tubulin in a dose dependent manner. The concentrations that inhibited by 50% were lowest for the two most potent hybrid molecules. Therefore, the tubulin polymerization activity and the binding affinity of the hybrids to β-tubulin correlated with their antiproliferative activity. Other biological properties of the discodermolide-Taxol hybrids including senescence and antitumor activity are being evaluated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2789. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2789
Academia and Career Development: Toward Integration.

Traditional career development theories typically stress those aspects of the environment that are directly related to occupational performance. In this article the authors expand the traditional concept of the environment so that it includes the institutional press in which the individual functions. They explore a specific dimension of the institutional press, that of the relationship between the academic departments of a university and the career development of its students. They develop and illustrate a counseling intervention aimed at modifying the press of a university's academic department to make its orientation more consonant with the career development needs of its students, and they define the function of a career development consultant in this process.
Subharmonic response of the ferroresonant circuit with coil hysteresis

A SERIES circuit consisting of a capacitance, resistance, and a saturable reactor may, because of the nonlinearity, have a markedly different response from that of the corresponding linear circuit when a periodic voltage is impressed.1?4 This difference manifests itself in two ways: 1. Jump phenomena occur. 2. The response may contain harmonics which are not present in the impressed voltage. The harmonics may be integral multiples or exact submultiples of the frequency of the impressed voltage. This paper deals with subharmonic response, that is the fundamental frequency of the response is an exact submultiple of the impressed frequency. Specifically, the introduction of an idealized nonlinear inductor makes possible the calculation of the effect of hysteresis in the iron on the response; it also makes possible such calculation of the effect of the impressed wave form. Various types and orders of subharmonic response are predicted and their dependence on two normalized parameters is established theoretically and experimentally.
Penile change following radical prostatectomy: Size, smooth muscle atrophy, and curve

Dr. Patrick Walsh’s description of nerve-sparing prostatectomy was an important landmark in the surgical treatment of prostate cancer. Despite the dramatic improvement in postoperative potency rates, anecdotal reports of penile size loss were increasingly reported by patients. Experimental studies in animals revealed penile fibrosis and corporal cavernosal smooth muscle apoptosis after cavernosal nerve ablation. After an observational cross-sectional study demonstrated a time-dependent loss of penile length and circumference in men presenting with erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing prostatectomy, several prospective studies supported the observational study. A prospective penile biopsy study before and after surgery demonstrated replacement of corporal smooth muscle with collagen and provided a possible explanation for loss of penile length. The mechanism has not yet been elucidated. This article reviews in detail the existing studies on loss of penile size after prostatectomy and possible etiologic mechanisms.
Aided AAC Systems Among Individuals with Hearing Loss and Disabilities

The purpose of this paper was to review intervention studies regarding the use of aided augmentative and alternative communication devices among individuals with hearing loss and one or more additional disabilities. Fourteen experimentally-designed research studies, comprising of 32 participants total were identified and summarized in terms of: (a) participant characteristics; (b) trainer/teacher characteristics; (c) setting characteristics; (d) the AAC device implemented; (e) AAC selection methods; (f) instructional methods employed; and (g) results. Most participants were teen-aged or young adults with multiple and severe disabilities. While the AAC devices represented varied, most were relatively simplistic. Furthermore, a lack of systematic methods for matching AAC devices to the user’s needs was identified. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Dynamic loading of substation distribution transformers in a production grade environment

This paper introduces a planning tool developed for estimating the maximum time-varying (dynamic) load that a substation distribution transformers can tolerate without violating hottest-spot (HST) and top-oil temperature (TOT) thermal limits. Presented are two kinds of HST and TOT models: the traditional ANSI Clause 7 models and linearized thermal models with coefficients optimized through linear regression to reveal the relationship between HST, TOT, ambient temperature and load. These models, along with Newton's method, are shown to be capable of performing dynamic loading calculations.
On the stability of circular Couette flow with radial heating

The stability of circular Couette flow with radial heating across a vertically oriented annulus with inner cylinder rotating and outer cylinder stationary is investigated using linear stability theory. Infinite aspect ratio and constant fluid properties are assumed and critical stability boundaries are calculated for a conduction-regime base flow. Buoyancy is included through the Boussinesq approximation and stability is tested with respect to both toroidal and helical disturbances of uniform wavenumber. Symmetries of the linearized disturbance equations based on the sense of radial heating and the sense of cylinder rotation and their effect on the kinematics and morphology of instability waveforms are presented. The numerical investigation is primarily restricted to radius ratios 0.6 and 0.959 at Prandtl numbers 4.35, 15 and 100. The results follow the development of critical stability from Taylor cells at zero heating through a number of asymmetric modes to axisymmetric cellular convection at zero rotation. Increasing the Prandtl number profoundly destabilizes the flow in both wide and narrow gaps and the number of contending critical modes increases with increasing radius ratio. Specific calculations made to compare with the stability measurements of Snyder & Karlsson (1964) and Sorour & Coney (1979) exhibit good agreement considering the idealizations built into the linear stability analysis.
Algebraic Decay in Self-Similar Markov Chains

A continuous-time Markov chain is used to model motion in the neighborhood of a critical invariant circle for a Hamiltonian map. States in the infinite chain represent successive rational approximants to the frequency of the invariant circle. For the case of a noble frequency, the chain is self-similar and the nonlinear integral equation for the first passage time distribution is solved exactly. The asymptotic distribution is a power law times a function periodic in the logarithm of the time. For parameters relevant to the critical noble circle, the decay proceeds ast−4.05.
Accelerated fretting wear testing using ultrasonics

Abstract The room temperature fretting wear characteristics of a stainless steel (AISI 304) have been studied using an ultrasonic frequency of vibration. In the work the influence of number of cycles, normal load and displacement amplitude on wear rate and wear mechanisms has been explored. It is found that ultraosnic fretting displays many of the characteristics of low frequency fretting described in literature, especially once steady state conditions have developed. The results are promising with respect to the application of ultrasonic fretting as a new technique for accelerated fretting wear testing.
High-throughput axial MALDI-TOF MS using a 2-kHz repetition rate laser

A high-throughput axial MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer utilizing a laser with a 2 kHz pulse repetition-rate was constructed and tested. This fast mass spectrometer provided a data acquisition rate 10 times faster than a commercially available (200 Hz) axial mass spectrometer, while maintaining comparable limits of detection (200 amole of Glu fib peptide). Mass resolution, only slightly less than the commercial instrument (10,000 vs. 14,000), was sufficient for baseline resolution of isotopic clusters of peptides with m/z <2700. A new method of mass calibration, which combined a limited number of internal and external standards, provided the same 15 ppm mass accuracy over the entire sample plate on either instrument. Implementing the 2 kHz laser required a faster data acquisition system and high-voltage pulse electronics, together with a novel strategy for rapid sample plate movements during acquisition, to achieve a sample analysis rate of up to 2 spots per second (with 800 shots/spot). The overall performance of the fast MALDI-TOF MS instrument was demonstrated by the acquisition, in 12 minutes, of an LC-MS dataset from a plate of 650 fractions collected during LC separation of an 16O/18O differentially-labeled proteomic sample of a tryptic digest of an E.coli lysate.
Synthesis and characterization of biotin chain-end functionalized boronic acid-containing polymer (boropolymer) as functional glyco-affinity macroligand

Abstract A biotin chain-end functionalized boronic acid-containing polymer (biotin boropolymer) as an oriented glyco-affinity macroligand for efficient carbohydrate and glycoconjugate purification and identification application was described. Briefly, the biotin boropolymer was synthesized via a biotin derivated arylamine initiated cyanoxyl-mediated free-radical polymerization in one-pot fashion. The specific streptavidin binding capacity of biotin boropolymer was confirmed by streptavidin–HABA assay, while the specific carbohydrate binding capacity of biotin boropolymer was evaluated by Alizarin Red S binding assay. Efficient glyco-capturing followed by direct MALDI mass spectrometry identification of the captured carbohydrate was demonstrated by using magnetic bead functionalized with the biotin boropolymer via streptavidin/biotin interaction.
Role for a Drosophila Myb-containing protein complex in site-specific DNA replication

There is considerable interest in the developmental, temporal and tissue-specific patterns of DNA replication in metazoans1,2. Site-specific DNA replication at the chorion loci in Drosophila follicle cells leads to extensive gene amplification, and the organization of the cis-acting DNA elements that regulate this process may provide a model for how such regulation is achieved3. Two elements important for amplification of the third chromosome chorion gene cluster, ACE3 and Ori-β, are directly bound by Orc4,5,6 (origin recognition complex), and two-dimensional gel analysis has revealed that the primary origin used is Ori-β (refs 7–9). Here we show that the Drosophila homologue of the Myb (Myeloblastosis) oncoprotein family is tightly associated with four additional proteins, and that the complex binds site-specifically to these regulatory DNA elements. Drosophila Myb is required in trans for gene amplification, showing that a Myb protein is directly involved in DNA replication. A Drosophila Myb binding site, as well as the binding site for another Myb complex member (p120), is necessary in cis for replication of reporter transgenes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments localize both proteins to the chorion loci in vivo. These data provide evidence that specific protein complexes bound to replication enhancer elements work together with the general replication machinery for site-specific origin utilization during replication.
Will China Become a Science and Technology Superpower by 2020? An Assessment based on a National Innovation System Framework

innovations / fall 2006 111 Becoming a full-fledged member of the 21 knowledge economy through the absorption and creation of new knowledge, particularly in science and technology (S&T), has become a major national priority for China, comprising an important element of future national development. Since China’s opening up to the outside world in the late 1970’s, government policies have promoted a more liberalized, market economy, and a strengthening of the national innovation system to foster scientific research and technology acquisition. The seriousness of this commitment is evidenced by the new comprehensive plan for S&T development for 20062020 unveiled at the National Science and Technology Congress in January 2006. The plan was prepared under the leadership of Premier Wen Jibao and State Councilor Chen Zhili from 2003 to 2005. Over 3000 experts in natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences participated in the planning process. Reforms over the last few decades have entailed major revamping of S&T Xue Lan and Nancy Forbes
The antiviral lectin cyanovirin-N: Probing multivalency and glycan recognition through experimental and computational approaches

CVN (cyanovirin-N), a small lectin isolated from cyanobacteria, exemplifies a novel class of anti-HIV agents that act by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 (glycoprotein 120), resulting in inhibition of the crucial viral entry step. In the present review, we summarize recent work in our laboratory and others towards determining the crucial role of multivalency in the antiviral activity, and we discuss features that contribute to the high specificity and affinity for the glycan ligand observed in CVN. An integrated approach that encompasses structural determination, mutagenesis analysis and computational work holds particular promise to clarify aspects of the interactions between CVN and glycans.
Decolonization and “Mental” Health: A Mestiza's Journey in the Borderlands

This article introduces the contributions of the Latin American decolonizing paradigm as a framework to understand Latina's hybrid experiences and ways of being in the U.S. and Latin America. It integrates borderland epistemology to address other knowledges involving mental health practices with case illustrations. In addition, it advances the need to integrate the notions of cultural equity and cultural humility as a way to address contemporary discourses on culture and mental health from a decolonizing paradigm.
The Decline of Third-Party Voting in the United States

This paper documents and investigates a prominent but little discussed pattern in U.S. politics, which is the decline of third-party electoral support over the past century. We find evidence consistent with the claim that electoral support for third parties—mainly left-wing third parties—declined because the Democratic Party co-opted the left-wing policy position beginning with the passage of the New Deal agenda. We note first that most of the third-party voting in the pre-New-Deal era was for left-wing third parties and that this declined sharply during the 1930s and 1940s. We then show that after the New Deal the Democratic Party's electoral support was higher in areas that had traditionally supported left-wing third parties. Contrary to some claims in the literature, we find little support for the hypothesis that the decline of third-party voting was immediately due to electoral reforms such as the introduction of direct primaries and the Australian ballot, except possibly in the south.
Image reconstruction by backprojection from frequency-domain optical measurements in highly scattering media

The reconstruction of the location and optical properties of objects in turbid media requires the solution of the inverse problem. Iterative solutions to this problem can require large amounts of computing time and may not converge to a unique solution. Instead, we propose a fast, simple method for approximately solving this problem in which calculated effective absorption and reduced scattering coefficients are backprojected to create an image of the objects. We reconstructed images of objects with centimeter dimensions embedded in a diffusive medium with optical characteristics similar to those of human tissue. Data were collected by a frequency-domain spectrometer operating at 120 MHz with a laser diode light source emitting at 793 nm. Intensity and phase of the incident photon density wave were collected from linear scans at different projection angles. Although the positions of the objects are correctly identified by the reconstructed images, the optical parameters of the objects are recovered only qualitatively.
Stagnation hugoniot analysis for steady combustion waves in propulsion systems

The combustion mode in a steady-flow propulsion system has a strong influence on the overall efficiency of the system. To evaluate the relative merits of different modes, we propose that it is most appropriate to keep the upstream stagnation state fixed and the wave stationary within the combustor. Because of the variable wave speed and upstream stagnation state, the conventional Hugoniot analysis of combustion waves is inappropriate for this purpose. To remedy this situation, we propose a new formulation of the analysis of stationary combustion waves for a fixed initial stagnation state, which we call the stagnation Hugoniot. For a given stagnation enthalpy, we find that stationary detonation waves generate a higher entropy rise than deflagration waves. The combustion process generating the lowest entropy increment is found to be constant-pressure combustion. These results clearly demonstrate that the minimum entropy property of detonations derived from the conventional Hugoniot analysis does not imply superior performance in all propulsion systems. This finding reconciles previous analysis of flowpath performance analysis of detonation-based ramjets with the thermodynamic cycle analysis of detonation-based propulsion systems. We conclude that the thermodynamic analysis of propulsion systems based on stationary detonation waves must be formulated differently than for propagating waves, and the two situations lead to very different results.
Determination of preferred orientation for sticking of polar molecules in beams incident on a graphite (0001) surface

Abstract Beam-surface scattering experiments have been carried out using hexapole-oriented molecule beams incident on a graphite surface. Thirteen polar polyatomic molecules have been studied. By controlling the initial molecular orientation, comparisons are made of the scattering (and thus the sticking) for parallel versus anti-parallel orientations of the dipole (and thus the molecular frame) with respect to the surface normal. The experiments thereby reveal the preferred orientation for sticking of the molecules that strike the graphite surface. The principal factor responsible for the observed asymmetry of the sticking probability appears to be the (anisotropic) charge density distribution of the molecule.
The Long-Term Impact of a Four-Session Work-Site Intervention on Selected Social Cognitive Theory Variables Linked to Adult Exercise Adherence

Many work-site physical activity interventions use theoretical variables in the design of their programs. Yet, these interventions do not document the degree of change in theoretical variables produced by the intervention. This study examined the construct validity of an intervention designed to affect social cognitive theory variables linked to exercise behavior. Construct validation methods were used to evaluate an instructional intervention composed of four 60-minute sessions delivered across 2 weeks. Increases were found in self-regulation skills, outcome-expectancy values, and self-efficacy for the treatment group. No significant increases were detected for the comparison group on any study variables. Sixty-seven percent of the treatment group was able to maintain exercise behavior across 12 months, whereas the comparison group declined in exercise participation from 68% to 25% across 12 months. The study revealed the intervention effective in producing the intended changes in social cognitive theory constructs. The analysis shows self-regulation-mediated exercise behavior.
Critical concentrations of cadmium in human renal cortex: Dose‐effect studies in cadmium smelter workers

Cadmium was measured in vivo in the left kidney and liver of 82 industrially exposed workers and 10 control subjects. The range of Cd values for the industrial group was 0.9–57 mg for the whole kidney and 0.8–120 ppm for the liver, compared to 0.4–11.8 mg and 0.6–7.9 ppm for the control group. Below 40 ppm in the liver, the kidney Cd burden tended to increase with increasing liver concentration. Above 40 ppm, the kidney Cd content decreased as the liver concentration increased. This biphasic relation between Cd in the kidney and the liver for all subjects showed a critical level of approximately 31 mg Cd In the kidney. Estimates of the critical level by s2‐microg/obulin and urinary protein measurements yielded critical values of 31–42 mg Cd for the whole kidney (300–400 μg/g for the renal cortex).
The performance of packet data communications in a CDMA system

Results are presented for the probability of packet error in a mobile code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system with forward error-correction coding and interleaving. The effectiveness of coding and interleaving is examined for different channels and for systems with different chip rates, and for RAKE receivers with a different number of taps. Different strategies for adapting the coding and interleaving to channel conditions are also considered.
An algebraic approach to design observers for delay-independent stability of systems with single output delay

This paper presents an algebraic approach to design the control law of a LTI observer used to stabilize a LTI plant with an output delay. Different than the existing work, we use the observer gains to influence the plant stability. This becomes possible simply by removing the delay terms from the observer part. Given the plant controller gains, our approach can find the parametric regions with respect to the observer controller gains so that gains selected from these regions make the combined plant-observer system asymptotically stable independent of the amount of delay in the plant. An example with simulations is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed observer design.
Phylogenetic Affinities of Diplonema within the Euglenozoa as Inferred from the SSU rRNA Gene and Partial COI Protein Sequences

In order to shed light on the phylogenetic position of diplonemids within the phylum Euglenozoa, we have sequenced small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) genes from Diplonema (syn. Isonema) papillatum and Diplonema sp. We have also analyzed a partial sequence of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from D. papillatum. With both markers, the maximum likelihood method favored a closer grouping of diplonemids with kinetoplastids, while the parsimony and distance suggested a closer relationship of diplonemids with euglenoids. In each case, the differences between the best tree and the alternative trees were small. The frequency of codon usage in the partial D. papillatum COI was different from both related groups; however, as is the case in kinetoplastids but not in Euglena, both the non-canonical UGA codon and the canonical UGG codon were used to encode tryptophan in Diplonema.
Public Perceptions About Sex Offenders and Community Protection Policies

Sex offenders and sex crimes provoke a great deal of anxiety in our society, and over the past decade, lawmakers have passed a variety of social policies designed to protect the public from sexual victimization. The purpose of this study was to examine public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies. Data were obtained from a sample of 193 residents in Melbourne, Florida. It was hypothesized that the public holds some inaccurate beliefs about sex offenders, and that there is strong public support for community protection policies. It was found that community members believe that sex offenders have very high recidivism rates, view sex offenders as a homogeneous group with regard to risk, and are skeptical about the benefits of sex offender treatment. The hypothesis that public perceptions contradict empirical research was supported. Community members were overwhelmingly in favor of public disclosure of information about registered sex offenders, although they did not express as much support for residence restrictions. Implications for public policy, and for the media's role in shaping public perceptions, are discussed.
On Open Defaults

In Reiter’s default logic, the parameters of a default are treated as metavariables for ground terms. We propose an alternative definition of an extension for a default theory, which handles parameters as genuine object variables. The new form of default logic may be preferable when the domain closure assumption is not postulated. It stands in a particularly simple relation to circumscription. Like circumscription, it can be viewed as a syntactic transformation of formulas of higher order logic.
The Impact of Financial Market and Resale Market on Firm Strategies

The ever-increasing use of information technology (IT) in business transactions greatly expands firms exposure to different electronic markets. This paper provides a framework to understand how firms can leverage different strategies across external financial markets and an internal resale market to improve overall profitability. We develop a model in which a group of risk-averse retailers sell a homogeneous product to their respective uncertain consumer markets. We study a scenario where an internal resale market can be constructed among the retailers and outside financial markets can be used to improve their ability to manage uncertainty. We identify strategies for retailers operating in these two types of markets. We examine under what conditions which strategy is preferable and what range of economic impacts the two strategies may offer to enhance the retailers competitive advantages.
Why celebrate the death of Primitive Economic Man?: Human nutritional ecology in the 21st century

Abstract Primitive Economic Man (PEM) paradigms have been popularly applied in economics, nutrition science, sociology, psychology, and anthropology to explain human behavior for two centuries. PEM contains two general assumptions: (1) that most humans make cost-benefit decisions to further their own personal economic or political condition; and (2) Darwinian selection favors these types of cost-benefit trade-offs; in other words, the children of selfish, cost-benefit oriented individuals differentially survive in greater frequencies through time. Regarding subsistence practices, the application of PEM paradigms has led to the development of a host of models to test whether Darwinian selection has acted upon human behavioral choices to favor those that lead to the maximum caloric intake possible relative to work effort. These models remain popular in archeology despite the fact that nutrition science falsified this assumption a century ago in 1915. This paper explores more specifically why PEM deserves a proper burial if we ever hope to fully understand and appreciate diachronic trends in human subsistence practices. At the same time, there are components to PEM paradigms that should become important pieces to broader, more holistically-based models of human dietary choices through time.
Gauging influence in software development teams

Agile software development teams are generally small, focused groups that require highly motivated members operating in a high-trust environment. Through interactive communication and collaborative work, team members can influence project outcomes both directly and indirectly. One method to examine influence is in terms of communication and control flow among team members when sharing a communication medium and artifact development tools. There currently exist several approaches for characterizing team communication using social network analysis. However, these approaches require modification to be applicable for measuring control flow influence in small teams. In this paper, we discuss the methodology and results of an influence study in which we analyze data generated by student teams in a capstone Software Engineering course. We develop three metrics to measure direct and indirect influence among team members, taking into account the temporal order of interactions and the small size of the teams studied. We correlate the influence metrics with grades, existing participation metrics, and team evaluation scores. The results suggest that our influence metrics correlate to a team member's perceived role on the team, measures of team communication and levels of task performance. This suggests that instructors can recognize the levels of influence exerted by team members by examining team communication and control flow, allowing for mediation prior to product development milestones.
Teaming Up for Women’s Health: The 2015 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting

63rd Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2-6 May, 2015, San Francisco, CA, USA. In response to major practice changes in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), the 2015 Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists responded with modification of the program organization, methods of presenting the information (debates, hands on, flip classrooms) and increased emphasis on current clinical research. The Presidential Program covered broad themes of changes in healthcare technology, teamwork in OB/GYN practice and the importance of advocating for patients. Over 400 abstracts representing a broad range of clinical and basic science research were presented. Changes in the Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting should allow the membership to be more prepared and pro-active as the practice of OB/GYN evolves.
Wound healing in rats with biotin, pyridoxin, or riboflavin deficiencies.

SummaryThe process of wound healing has been observed in rats exhibiting severe deficiency of biotin, pyridoxin, or riboflavin. Marked impairment of rate and quality of healing was noted in the pyridoxin- and riboflavin-deficient groups. The biotin-deficient group showed only mild delay in healing.
Photoperiodic and thermal effects on nymphal development in Epitheca (=Tetragoneuria) cynosura (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Five groups of final-instar nymphs of Epitheca cynosura Say, collected from October 1978 until March 1979, were maintained until emergence at experimental temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30°C and at natural photoperiods plus 15-min increments every 5 days. Pre-emergent development proceeded most rapidly at experimental temperatures of 20 and 25°C. The data, demonstrating that the most rapid physiological development of final-instar nymphs in nature occurred during the coldest winter months, strongly suggest a synchronizing effect on development caused by the changing sign of the photoperiod at the winter solstice.
Assessing the Validity of the Cox, Zmud, and Clark Material-Requirements-Planning Audit Instrument

In this article the authors discuss two studies that examined the effectiveness of material requirements planning (MRP) systems. They note that one study found that MRP users found improvements in ...
Optimal Mid-Course Guidance Research for Advanced Air-Air Missile

The variable flow solid ducted rockets are adopted as propulsion system for advanced air-to-air missiles,which have better advantage for their potential compared with ancient air-to-air missiles. Based on this background,for the sake of exerting the maximum potential of the rockets and improving the capability of the missiles for their mid-course guidance,a numerical research has been done,in which the optimal performance for combined time and fuel is regarded as the performance index for the mid-course guidance. In this study,considering the specific impulse characteristic and constraints of variable flow solid ducted rocket,the ballistic trajectory and the operational modulation parameters of the rockets are designed by using the dynamic layout method. The calculated results contribute to extracting the maximum performance for mid-course guidance of air-to-air missile and then can feedback to the variable flow solid ducted rocket designs.
Development and validation of a reduced order history force model

Abstract The history force model accounts for temporal development in fluid gradients in the viscous region surrounding a particle in point particle methods. The calculation of the history force typically requires storing and using relative velocity information during the life time of the particle. For a large number of particles integrated over large times, history force calculation can become prohibitively expensive. The current work presents a new modeling approach to calculate the history force in which a decay function is applied to a stored cumulative value of the history force. The proposed formulation is equivalent to applying the same function obtained from a constant acceleration assumption to a running average of the acceleration within the memory time of the particle. The new force model is validated with experimental measurements of settling spheres at Reynolds numbers ranging from around one to a few hundreds and at density ratios from 1.2 to about 9.32. More validation work was carried-out with experimental measurements of oscillating spheres at different frequencies and amplitudes, as well as bouncing spheres at different Reynolds numbers and density ratios. The model shows very good agreement with the experiments of settling spheres and reasonable/good agreement with oscillating and bouncing sphere experiments. The proposed model significantly reduces the computational resources required to calculate the history force especially when large number of particles need to be integrated over long times.
Exploración de las narrativas bilingües orales y escritas en español e inglés

This paper shows the results of a research, which assessed the impact of Digital Citizen Program in incorporating ICT in an institution from Piedecuesta, Santander (Colombia). The research used a qualitative methodology with data collected from teachers, ICFES, academic system and institution’s area plans, compared with the curriculum of the course ICT competent official teachers. Results indicates that the impact has been positive (except in Mathematics) in the quality of state tests.
MULTIPLE DOPAMINE RECEPTORS

ABSTRACT Binding studies with dopamine 3H-agonists and 3H-antagonists indicate that the receptors labeled are, in part, distinct from the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Kainate lesion studies support this hypothesis and demonstrate that only one population of dopamine receptors, DA-1 receptors, are cyclase linked and regulated by guanine nucleotides. The DA-2 receptors which are localized to corticostriate neurons and are not cyclase linked are not regulated by guanine nucleotides.
Impact of ASPECT scores and infarct distribution on outcomes among patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with the ADAPT technique

Objective To investigate the associations between Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) or distribution and sidedness of acute infarction and clinical outcomes following intervention with a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT). Methods A review was performed of patients who had undergone thrombectomy with ADAPT for emergent large vessel occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) between December 2012 and May 2015. Preintervention CT scans were reviewed by a blinded radiologist to calculate ASPECTS and determine the distribution of infarction. Clinical outcomes were compared for subsets of patients depending upon ASPECTS and regional infarction distribution (cortical, subcortical, or both). Results One hundred and fifty-four patients (50% female, mean age 67) underwent thrombectomy using ADAPT for MCA emergent large vessel occlusion. The median presenting National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 15. Fifty-five per cent of patients had left-side occlusions. Similar good outcomes were achieved for patients with perfect and non-perfect ASPECTS (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2: 63% vs 51%, respectively; p=0.20). Similar outcomes were also achieved for patients with ‘poor’ ASPECTS (≤6) compared with those with ASPECTS >6 (mRS 0–2: 52% vs 53%, respectively; p=0.91). Regional distribution and sidedness of core infarction on preintervention CT also did not correlate with worse outcomes. Conclusions Patients with moderate-sized core infarcts involving various distributions in either hemisphere can potentially achieve similar good outcomes compared with those with no core infarction at presentation. A treatment algorithm for acute ischemic stroke, which employs hardline ASPECTS thresholds or excludes patients with basal ganglia infarcts, might preclude patients who would potentially benefit from mechanical thrombectomy with ADAPT.