cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Receptors for and bioresponses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a human colon carcinoma cell line (HT-29)

Human colon carcinoma (HT-29) cells were examined for their capacity to bind and respond to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3]. These cells are known to differentiate and increase their population doubling time when galactose is substituted for glucose in their media. High-affinity and specific binding of 1,25-(OH)2[3H]D3 was observed in extracts of these cells grown in glucose. The binder sedimented in sucrose gradients and eluted from DEAE-cellulose columns in a manner indistinguishable from rabbit intestinal 1,25-(OH)2D3-receptor. Smaller amounts of this binder were seen in HT-29 cells grown in galactose. Both glucose-fed and galactose-fed cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in growth rate on exposure to 10(-12) to 10(-6) mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3. Ultrastructural examination of galactose-fed and glucose + 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated cells showed enterocytic differentiation and features that were not distinguishable between these groups. Sucrase activity was higher in galactose-fed cells and did not change with 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment. However, the lower sucrase activity in glucose-fed cells increased after exposure to 10(-8) mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3. These results indicate receptor content and bioresponsivity to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in a human enterocytic cell line, suggesting that it will be a useful model for the study of the mechanisms of action of this sterol.
Neutron diffraction studies of antiferromagnetism in manganous fluoride and some isomorphous compounds

Neutron diffraction studies of Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ are reported. At low temperatures each compound showed the superlattice structure characteristic of antiferromagnetism. The data are accounted for with a magnetic cell of the same dimension as the chemical unit cell; the moments of the magnetic ions at the lattice corners being antiparallel to the moments of the body centered ions. The alignment of the magnetic moments is along the tetragonal axis in all cases except Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ where the alignment direction makes an angle of about 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} relative to the $c$ axis. The intensity of the magnetic scattering as a function of sample temperature follows a Brillouin curve of the form suggested by Van Vleck. Extrapolating the saturation data to zero peak intensity gives the N\'eel temperatures for threshold antiferromagnetism. These are Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$-75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$-90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$-50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$-83\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Energy-flow-reversing N processes in elastically anisotropic crystals.

Energy- and momentum-conserving phonon-phonon interactions can give rise to a reversal in the net energy flow per unit area, U, in crystals having sufficient elastic anisotropy. This results because the direction of phonon momentum is, in general, not parallel to the energy-flow vector in elastically anisotropic crystals. Conditions for energy-flow reversal (EFR) about a 〈100〉 or 〈110〉 reference axis have been calculated for cubic crystals when the wave vectors of the three interacting phonons are constrained to a {100} or [110} symmetry plane. Six interactions qualify for EFR under these conditions when the elastic anisotropy factor Ag1; two qualify when Al1. More than a dozen cubic crystals are shown to satisfy conditions for EFR in one or more of these interactions. A proposed room-temperature experiment is described to demonstrate EFR in tetragonal paratellurite.
Formation of an ordered Langmuir monolayer by a non-polar chain molecule

AMPHIPHILIC molecules, which contain a polar 'head' group and a hydrophobic 'tail', will generally form monolayers at the air–water interface in which the molecules protrude from the interface with the tails in the air. These 'Langmuir monolayers' exhibit a variety of phases as a function of surface pressure and temperature, including an ordered, two-dimensional crystalline phase1–3. It might be considered that the amphiphilic nature of the molecules allows this oriented, tail up arrangement and the consequent formation of a well ordered phase. Here, by contrast, we report that the non-polar molecule perfluoro-n-eicosane (F(CF2)20F) will form stable, ordered Langmuir monolayers on water, even though they have no amphiphilic character. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction studies of these monolayers show that the molecules are vertically aligned and are packed in a hexagonal array over a range of temperature. We suggest that van der Waals forces alone are sufficient to stabilize the monolayer in this case.
The Burst and Transient Source Experiment

The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) is one of four experiments 011 the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO), which was launclied into a 450-!a orbit on April 5, 1991. BATSE was designed primarily for the study of gamma-ray bursts, unexplained flashes of celestial g a m m a r ys tliat last from a fraction of a second to over 100 secouds and have not been detected at any otlicr wavelength. BATSE consists of eight detector modules situated at the corners of the GRO spacecraft. Each module contaius a I.arge-Area Detector (LAD), optimized for sensitivity, and a Spectroscopy Detector (SD), optimized for spectral resolution. Signals from the detectors are sent to the Ceutral Electronics Unit (CEU), which detects gamma-ray bursts and constructs data types with a range of spectral and temporal resolutions. The unpreccdentcd sensitivity of Uie LAD’S has resulted in the detection of over 500 bursts, more than have been detected by all other instruments combined since the discovery of bursts two decades ago. By comparing the relative count rates among tbc eight detectors, the direction to a burst can be dctennincd. The most interesting result obtained so far is that the spatial distribution of the burst sources is riot consistent with my known galactic component. BATSE also continuously monitors the intensity of hard x rays from several celestial sources, using the h U i as ai occulting disk. In this way, several flaring episodes of known sources have been detected, and a new transient source, GRO 50422+32, was discovered. BATSE also can construct pulsar light curves by onboard folding of data at known pulsar periods.
Computer-quantified positional nystagmus in normals.

Abstract Introduction: Most current authorities agree that, in the absence of visual fixation, low intensity nystagmus can be recorded by electronystagmography (ENG) in clinically normal people. However, there are some notable dissenters, and the reported incidence, intensity, and direction of “normal” spontaneous/positional ( S P ) nystagmus vary widely across laboratories. The highly subjective element introduced by manual interpretation of position test records compounds the problem of characterizing “normal” S P nystagmus. Materlals and Methods: A computerized ENG analysis system which removes this element of subjectivity is described, and results of a study validating its results against those of experienced ENG interpreters are reported. Results: The computer found an S P nystagmus behind closed eyelids in at least one of five test positions in 42 of 51 clinically normal subjects (82.3%). This “normal” S P nystagmus had a statistically significant overall directional bias toward left beating, but was affected by position—tending toward right beating in the left lateral position. The upper 95.4% confidence limits for computer-measured slow phase velocities of “normal” S P nystagmus were −5.5°/sec (left beating) and +4.4°/sec (right beating). Conclusion: Possible explanations for “normal” rmS P nystagmus include clinically undertected pathology, normal asymmetries in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and an imprinted oculomotor pattern such as might be created by reading.
Can chimpanzees learn a phonemic language

The claim that language is a uniquely human accomplishment has been challenged recently by the work of the Gardners (1969) and Premack (1970a), who have obtained quite promising results from their attempts to teach a form of human language to chimpanzees. Earlier attempts (e.g., Hayes 1951) had been largely unsuccessful. One explanation offered frequently for the greater success obtained in the recent studies has been phrased in terms of the difference in the mode of communication employed. The earlier experimenters attempted to teach chimpanzees using the auditory and vocal modes employed in normal human communication. However, both the Gardners (1969) and Premack (1970a) made use of visual and manual modes of communication; a sign language was employed in the former case and a language of plastic tokens in the latter. Thus, it is generally argued that since visual and manual modes of communication are natural to the chimpanzee, a chimpanzee would find it easier to associate ideas or meanings with visual and manual sensations than with auditory and vocal sensations, in accordance with the phenomenon of selective learning (e.g., Dobrzecka, Szwejkowska, & Konorski 1966; Garcia, McGowan, Ervin, & Koelling 1968). In addition, there is evidence (Lieberman 1968; Lieberman, Klatt, & Wilson 1969) that the chimpanzee’s vocal apparatus is more limited than the human’s so that a chimpanzee is physically unable to produce the full range of human speech.
Refilling the it pipleline and using storage technologies as a specialization

Studies show that CS enrollments are dropping. Reasons for the drop vary from the perception that there is a lack of jobs and outsourcing to misconceptions about the computing profession. Recommendations to increase enrollments include industry alignment and multi / cross disciplinary programs. EMC Corporation, the world leader in information management and data storage, believes that CS programs need to align with industry. EMC created the EMC Academic Alliance Program to educate students on the fastest growing segment of IT: Storage. Offering courses in storage technologies will benefit students and prepare them for the emerging roles of the 21st century.
Epsilon carbide: a low-temperature component of interplanetary dust particles.

Transmission electron microscope study of a chondritic interplanetary dust particle has revealed the presence of epsilon iron-nickel carbide, a low-temperature carbide previously encountered only in metallurgical studies. In these studies epsilon-carbide was synthesized by carburization of iron or nickel grains in a stream of carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide plus hydrogen. Similar carburization of an iron-nickel metal in situ may have produced epsilon-carbide during particle heating on atmospheric entry or in solar orbit. Alternatively, the epsilon-carbide may be a by-product of Fischer-Tropsch reactions in the solar nebula. Such reactions have been proposed as the mechanism of hydrocarbon formation in the early solar system.
Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for macular edema following retinal vein occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion is a major cause of vision loss worldwide, second only to diabetic retinopathy among retinal vascular disorders. A novel bioerodable corticosteroid implant composed of 0.7 mg dexamethasone designed for in-office injection has recently been approved for the treatment of macular edema resulting from retinal vein occlusion, a major mechanism for decreased vision in the condition. Following a single injection, subjects in the Phase III clinical trial achieved three lines of visual acuity improvement significantly faster than subjects who received sham injection. Following repeat injection 6 months later, subjects achieved similar gains with manageable levels of increased intraocular pressure and cataract development. The dexamethasone intravitreal implant is an important option in the management of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion.
Toric Initial Ideals of Δ-Normal Configurations: Cohen-Macaulayness and Degree Bounds

A normal (respectively, graded normal) vector configuration $${\cal A}$$ defines the toric ideal $${I}_{\cal A}$$ of a normal (respectively, projectively normal) toric variety. These ideals are Cohen-Macaulay, and when $${\cal A}$$ is normal and graded, $${I}_{\cal A}$$ is generated in degree at most the dimension of $${I}_{\cal A}$$ . Based on this, Sturmfels asked if these properties extend to initial ideals--when $${\cal A}$$ is normal, is there an initial ideal of $${I}_{\cal A}$$ that is Cohen-Macaulay, and when $${\cal A}$$ is normal and graded, does $${I}_{\cal A}$$ have a Grobner basis generated in degree at most dim( $${I}_{\cal A}$$ ) ? In this paper, we answer both questions positively for ?-normal configurations. These are normal configurations that admit a regular triangulation ? with the property that the subconfiguration in each cell of the triangulation is again normal. Such configurations properly contain among them all vector configurations that admit a regular unimodular triangulation. We construct non-trivial families of both ?-normal and non-?-normal configurations.
Optimization of one-dimensional multistage linear processes

A multistage process which can be completely characterized by a state variable and a control variable is called a one-dimensional multistage process with a control variable. It is shown that the optimal policy for controlling or operating such a process is to apply an equal control action at each stage when the process is linear in state variables.
The Junctional Pore Complex and the Propulsion of Bacterial Cells

Gliding motility is defined as translocation in the direction of the long axis of the bacterium while in contact with a surface. This definition leaves unspecified any mechanism and, indeed, it appear
Tumour necrosis factor-α levels and the effects of pentoxifylline in cats with feline leukaemia virus infection

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured in supernatants of macrophage cultures infected in vitro with feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and in serum, bone marrow plasma, and supernatants of bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) cultures from cats infected with an anemogenic strain of FeLV. TNF-α levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the supernatants of in vitro FeLV-infected macrophage cultures compared with uninfected cultures. TNF-α levels in serum and culture supernatants of BMMC from FeLV-infected cats were also significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Pentoxifylline is a dimethylxanthine derivative that inhibits TNF-α production. Pentoxifylline treatment of FeLV-infected macrophage cultures caused a significant decrease in TNF-α levels. Pentoxifylline given orally to FeLV-infected cats from week 0 to week 5 post-inoculation did not cause significant inhibition of TNF-α levels. Although a trend toward higher numbers of erythroid and fibroblast progenitors was observed in pentoxifylline-treated cats, the changes were not significantly different. The persistent increase in TNF-α levels in serum and culture supernatants of BMMC from FeLV-infected cats suggests that TNF-α may be important in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic suppression.
Indole-like Urinary Stress Reactant in Man

Paper chromatograms on extracts from serial 6-hr urine samples from humans of both sexes on indole-controlled diets revealed either the appearance of or marked increment in "spot 32" (1) after ACTH gel injections. This corresponds in time and duration with the rise in 17-hydroxycorticoid excretion. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 28 other urinary indoles failed to show this rise predictably.
p202, an Interferon-inducible Modulator of Transcription, Inhibits Transcriptional Activation by the p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein, and a Segment from the p53-binding Protein 1 That Binds to p202 Overcomes This Inhibition

p202, an interferon-inducible murine protein, is a member of the "200 family" of proteins and is primarily nuclear. p202 is a modulator of transcription; it binds several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB p50 and p65, AP-1 c-Fos and c-Jun, and E2F1, and inhibits their transcriptional activity. p202 also binds pRb, the retinoblastoma protein, and if overexpressed it retards cell proliferation. Here we report that using the yeast two-hybrid assay we found that p202 bound the murine homolog of the human p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), a protein shown to interact with the DNA binding domain of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. p202 bound a 98amino acid segment from 53BP1. This binding was inhibited by the replacement in p202 of a histidine (from the M(F/L)HATVA(T/S) sequence that is conserved among all of the 200 family proteins) by phenylalanine. We also report that overexpression of p202 inhibited the p53-dependent expression of reporter genes containing p53-activable segments from the mdm2 and p21 genes, whereas a decrease in the p202 level (in consequence of the expression of 202 antisense RNA) resulted in an increase in the p53-dependent expression of these reporters. Expression of the 53BP1 segment binding to p202 overcame the inhibition by overexpressed p202 of the transcription of reporters mediated by the p53 or the AP-1 transcription factors and of the proliferation of yeast.
Our Expanding View of Platelet Functions and its Clinical Implications

Platelets are the primary cell mediator of thrombosis. A deficiency of platelets can result in severe bleeding defects. “Overactive” platelets contribute to life-threatening outcomes in diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and cancer. The use of platelet inhibitors for thrombosis prevention must therefore seek a delicate balance between inhibiting platelet activation and an associated increased bleeding risk. There are currently few platelet inhibitors clinically available, making the search for novel anti-platelet drug targets a major research priority. Several newly identified pathways of platelet activation may hold hope in this area. In addition, important roles for platelets beyond hemostasis have been discovered. Platelets have recently been described as mediators of diverse inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, hepatitis, malaria, and atherosclerosis. This has heightened the need to broaden our understanding of platelet functions and platelet-derived inflammatory mediators. It has also heightened interest in a continued search for new platelet inhibitors and presents new opportunities for platelet inhibitors to be used in a wide array of disease treatment strategies.
Adaptive RF-photonic arbitrary waveform generator

The system uses spectral shaping of a supercontinuum source followed by wavelength-to-time mapping to generate ultra wideband RF waveforms with arbitrary modulation. It employs adaptive computer control to mitigate the non-ideal features inherent in the optical source and in the spectrum modulation process. As proof of concept, ultra-wideband frequency hopped CDMA waveforms are demonstrated.
Jumping and sniping at the silents: Does it matter for charities?

Abstract Despite its popularity as a fundraiser for charities, very little research has been done on the bidding and revenue properties of the silent auction. This paper examines the consequences of two behaviors common in silent auctions, jump-bidding and sniping, in laboratory experiments with endogenous participation. Our results suggest that deliberative jumping, the result of impatient bidders attempting to telescope time, tends to increase revenue, while deliberative sniping by experienced bidders tends to decrease it. We also show that when charities can encourage jumping and discourage sniping, silent auctions can perform as well as their sometimes more entertaining but more expensive alternative, the English auction.
Salesforce Compensation Plans in Environments with Asymmetric Information

In this paper, we present a theory of salesforce compensation plans to provide insights into why it may be advantageous for a profit maximizing firm to offer members of its salesforce the opportunity to choose from a menu of compensation plans. Although such contractual arrangements are not commonly used in the industry, they have been introduced and implemented by firms such as IBM and St. Regis Paper. As in our previous work on salesforce compensation plans Basu, Lal, Srinivasan, and Staelin [Basu, A. K., R. Lal, V. Srinivasan, R. Staelin. 1985. Salesforce compensation plans: An agency theoretic perspective. Marketing Sci.4 Fall 267--291.] we use an agency-theory framework. In this paper, we relax the assumptions of information symmetry and salesforce homogeneity and show the conditions under which it is optimal to offer a menu of compensation plans. We also show that even when these assumptions are relaxed there are situations where offering a single plan characterized by Basu, Lal, Srinivasan, and Staelin Basu, A. K., R. Lal, V. Srinivasan, R. Staelin. 1985. Salesforce compensation plans: An agency theoretic perspective. Marketing Sci.4 Fall 267--291. is still optimal. Insights gained from the analyses are discussed in the context of an existing compensation scheme.
Effect of synthetic LRF infused into a hypophysial portal vessel on gonadotropin release.

Solutions containing synthetic LRF (0.015, 0.15, 1.5, or 15 μM) were infused into a hypophysial portal vessel of adult, male rats at 2 μl/min for 30 min. A solution of NaCl (0.15M) was used as the solvent control. The release of LH and FSH was evaluated by determining the concentrations of these hormones in plasma of arterial blood of the recipient animals prior to, during, and after the infusion of LRF. Prior to the infusion, the plasma concentrations of LH and FSH in all animals were similar. The infusion of 0.15M NaCl had little effect on the release of LH or FSH. After the infusion of 0.015, 0.15, 1.5, or 15 μM LRF for 10 min, an increase in the plasma concentration of LH was seen. Throughout the infusion, the plasma LH levels continued to increase, attaining values after 30 min that were as much as 5-fold greater than the resting levels in some cases. Although the concentration of LRF in the infused solution varied from 0.015 to 15 μM, no dose-response relationship was seen, suggesting that maximal s...
Enterprise reform in China: agency problems and political control

The past reforms of state-owned enterprises in China delegated many effective control rights to managers while maintaining ultimate control rights for the Party and government. The result is that either the agency costs are high because managers lack accountability or the political costs are high because the government causes political interference. Reform of state-owned enterprises in China should aim at reducing both political and agency costs, which can be done through depoliticization, effective corporate governance, and deserialization. In particular, China needs an ownership transformation with a combination of privatization, denationalization, and pluralization; a state assets management system to limit political influence from the government; and corporatization to establish effective corporate governance which may take a variety of forms.
Judging Auditors Technical Knowledge

We examine how accurately auditors assess their own technical knowledge, and that of their subordinates. The accuracy of these assessments likely affects audit planning, task assignment, and promotion decisions. We find auditors are overconfident in their own and in their subordinates' knowledge and that optimism in subordinates' knowledge increases as the knowledge-gap between supervisors and subordinates increases. This optimism stems primarily from supervisors' reliance on their own knowledge to assess subordinates' knowledge and secondarily from insufficient adjustments for the knowledge-gap between them and their subordinates. Thus, if supervisors better assessed their own knowledge, assessments of subordinates' knowledge likely would improve.
PTEN, RASSF1 and DAPK site-specific hypermethylation and outcome in surgically treated stage I and II nonsmall cell lung cancer patients

The primary objective of this study is to identify prognostic site-specific epigenetic changes in surgically treated Stage I and II nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by quantifying methylation levels at multiple CpG sites within each gene promoter. Paraffin-embedded tumors from stage Ib, IIa and IIb in training and validation groups of 75 and 57 surgically treated NSCLC patients, respectively, were analyzed for p16, MGMT, RASSF1, RASSF5, CDH1, LET7, DAPK and PTEN promoter hypermethylation. Hypermethylation status was quantified individually at multiple CpG sites within each promoter by pyrosequencing. Molecular and clinical characteristics with time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Overall average promoter methylation levels of MGMT and RASSF1 were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (p = 0.006 and p = 0.029, respectively). Methylation levels of the p16 promoter were significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma (p = 0.020). In univariate analysis, hypermethylation of RASSF1 at CpG sites −53 and −48 and PTEN at CpG site −1310 were the significantly associated with shorter TTR (p = 0.002 and p < 0.000, respectively). Hypermethylation of PTEN at −1310 and DAPK at −1482 were most significantly associated with outcome in multivariate analysis. These results show that methylation of specific promoter CpG sites in PTEN, RASSF1 and DAPK is associated with outcome in early stage surgically treated NSCLC.
Absence of exogenous satellite cell contribution to regeneration of frozen skeletal muscle.

Rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were repeatedly frozen and thawed to kill completely all cellular constituents. Within four days, blood vessels and phagocytic cells invaded the muscles. Migrating or circulating myoblasts were not among the invading cells, and could be induced to invade the frozen muscle only when a physical bridge was created with an adjacent intact muscle. A further requirement for migration was that the connective tissue investments of both the frozen EDL and adjacent muscle had to be disrupted. This study demonstrates that regeneration of a muscle is primarily dependent upon the intrinsic satellite cell population, although under some circumstances recruitment of extrinsic cells is possible.
Assessment of Teratogenic Effects of Lidocaine in Rat Embryos Cultured In Vitro

BackgroundLidocaine has been reported to cause neural tube closure defects in vitro in mice at clinically relevant concentrations. However, no studies have been conducted to further investigate this potentially hazardous effect of lidocaine. This study was aimed to reassess teratogenic effects of li
A portable quantum meter‐spectroradiometer for use in aquatic studies

Summary This paper describes the design, construction and use of a portable battery-powered, submersible spectroradiometer. The distribution of energy underwater is determined by measuring successively through six sensors fitted with interference filters which partition the underwater spectrum. This system also contains a quantum sensor which detects the photosynthetically active radiation under water. The instruments’ small size and battery operation make it especially useful for studying small lakes or reservoirs from small boats. Measurements taken from Pawnee and Wagontrain, two of the Salt Valley Reservoirs in eastern Nebraska, are given as examples of the use of the instrument.
Neither intranigral fluoxetine nor 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine alter audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats

Abstract Previous studies have shown that widespread depletion of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) exacerbates audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPRs), while elevations in brain 5-HT attenuate these seizures. However, the location of the central nervous system site(s) at which 5-HT exerts its anticonvulsant action on audiogenic seizures, remains unknown. The substantia nigra has been shown to exert modulatory actions over both brainstem and forebrain driven seizures in normal rats, and receives a rich serotonergic innervation. The present study was designed to determine if 5-HT exerts its modulatory effect on audiogenic seizures by an action in the substantia nigra. Microinfusion of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (4 μg/0.25 μl bilateral) into the substantia nigra of GEPRs which display a moderate seizure (GEPR-3s) failed to alter the audiogenic seizure. Consistent with these findings, microinfusions of fluoxetine-HCl into the substantia nigra of severe seizure GEPRs (GEPR-9s) failed to alter any aspect of the audiogenic seizure. This effect was observed when fluoxetine was infused alone, or in combination with systemic administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (75 mg/kg, i.p.). The present findings argue against a modulatory role of nigral 5-HT on audiogenic seizures in GEPRs.
Abstract P5-13-05: Richer and wiser: Factors correlated with chemoprevention use in the United States

Introduction: Tamoxifen and raloxifene have been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer by up to 50%, yet the uptake of these agents remains poor. We sought to determine factors associated with chemoprevention uptake in a nationally representative sample. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a population-based survey conducted annually by the CDC and is designed to be representative of the non-institutionalized civilian population in the United States. We utilized data from the 2010 NHIS cancer supplement to determine factors associated with chemoprevention uptake in women ≥ 35 years of age. Statistical analyses were conducted using SUDAAN software. Results: In 2010, 10,959 women ≥ 35 years of age were surveyed, representing 83,377,082 people in the population. Of these, 0.21% reported taking chemoprevention, using either tamoxifen or raloxifene. On bivariate analyses, factors correlating with chemoprevention uptake included age, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, income and geographic region (see Table). Interestingly, MRI use, family history of premenopausal breast cancer in first degree relatives, and personal risk perception were not associated with chemoprevention use. On multivariate analysis, education and income remained independent predictors of chemoprevention use. Conclusion: Approximately 0.2% of women take chemoprevention. It is concerning that sociodemographic factors of education and income are independent predictors of the use of chemopreventive agents for breast cancer, while risk perception and family history do not seem to correlate with uptake rates. These findings are a call to action for improved education and counseling of those who are at greatest risk, and highlight potential disparities in access to appropriate chemoprevention across all sociodemographic groups. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-13-05.
Consumer Protection for Prospective Assisted Living Facility Residents: Gordian Knot or Solvable Problem?

The consumer protection safety net for prospective assisted living facility residents and their caregivers is a work in progress and is filled with numerous potential pitfalls. Notwithstanding a recent deluge of recent state legislation, baselines in crucial areas remain erratic and confusing; in addition, useful factual information is hard to come by. Using a legal perspective, based on statutory and regulatory examples from different states and interviews with industry stakeholders, the author explores the causes of assisted living facilities choice problems, potential solutions, and the obstacles affecting these solutions.
Sandwich complexes of the heavier alkaline earth metals containing η5-β-diketiminato ligand sets

Treatment of N-tert-butyl-4-(tert-butyliminol-2-penten-2-amine (L t B u H) with 0.5 equiv of M(N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ) 2 (THF) 2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) in toluene at ambient temperature afforded Ca(η 5 -L t B i ) 2 (98%), Sr(η 5 -L t B i ) 2 (93%), and Ba(η 5 -L t B u ) 2 (93%). Crystal structure determinations of these complexes revealed bent sandwich structures in which the β-diketiminato ligands are coordinated in a η 5 -fashion to the metal centers. Similar treatment of N-isopropyl-4-(isopropylimino)-2-penten-2-amine (L i P r H) with 0.5 equiv of M(N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ) 2 (THF) 2 led to the isolation of Ca(η 2 -L i P r ) 2 (72%), Sr(η 5 -L i P r ) 2 (80%), and a novel dinuclear barium complex [(η 5 -L i P r )Ba(μ-η 5 :η 5 -L i P r )(μ-η 1 :η 1 -L i P r )Ba(η 5 -L i P r )] (39%). Structural assignments for these complexes were based on spectral and analytical data as well as X-ray crystallography. [(η 5 -L i P r )Ba(μ-η 5 :η 5 -L i P r )(μ-η 1 :η 1 -L i P r )Ba(η 5 -L i P r )] exhibits three different bonding modes for the β-diketiminato ligands, including η 5 , μ-η 1 :η 1 , and μ-η 5 :η 5 . Variable-temperature NMR studies suggest that the dinuclear structure of [(η 5 -L i P r )Ba(μ-η 5 :η 5 -L i P r )(μ-η 1 :η 1 -L i P r )Ba(η 5 -L i P r )] persists in solution.
When Quality Trumps Quantity: Siblings and the Development of Peer Relationships

A growing body of research suggests that individuals raised with siblings gain social skills that facilitate relationship building with others. But while this pattern has been demonstrated among kindergartners and adults, surprisingly it does not replicate among adolescents. We analyze 4188 10–15 years olds from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and replicate the previous pattern—number of siblings is unrelated to peer relationship quality. But unlike past studies, we explore how sibling relationship quality matters. It turns out that while the number of siblings is inconsequential, the quality of sibling relationships plays an important role in shaping the quality of peer relationships. While past research implies that siblings play no role in developing the skills necessary for building and maintaining other relationships among youths, our study clarifies how the quality of sibling relationships (but not the quantity) is a meaningful contributor to the development of peer relationships.
Adaptive parallelism: an early experiment with Java remote method invocation

For years, scientists have dreamed of software programs that, given a very large task, could borrow any kind and number of unused machines available and speed up the job by distributing it around. The need to support some form of adaptive parallelism (AP) is the main property of these programs. As a program may temporarily access machines when their owners do not use them, it is also necessary to return these machines when their owners begin to work again. And as the number of machines allocated to a program expand and contract during its execution, adaptive parallelism allows the program to adjust to this dynamically changing set of machines. For example, a program can start on ten machines, then temporarily use twenty, and finish on five. Numerous projects have attempted to develop such programs. Initial attempts have been undertaken on Local Area Networks (LAN). Most recently, due mainly to the Java language and platform which solve problems such as security, heterogeneity, and portability, several attempts have targeted the Internet. This paper gives a brief overview of some AP systems. Then presents a prototype of an AP system, called ObjectSpace, based on Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
Cardiovascular effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution in rats with disopyramide-induced myocardial depression.

The effect of myocardial depression on the circulatory response to acute normovolemic hemodilution (hematocrit 23%) with hetastarch was evaluated in 28 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiac output was recorded using an electromagnetic flow probe. Mild, moderate, and severe myocardial depression were achieved by infusing disopyramide 50, 75, and 85 mg/kg. This resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cardiac output (r=−0.73, p<0.05) and mean arterial pressure (r=−0.65, p<0.05), and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r=0.77, p<0.05) and total peripheral resistance (r=0.46, p<0.05). Following hemodilution, cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower and total peripheral resistance significantly higher in animals with myocardial depression compared with saline anemic controls. These differences were dose-dependent for cardiac output (r=−0.83, p<0.05), mean arterial pressure (r=−0.68, p<0.05), and total peripheral resistance (r=0.51, p<0.05). Although control animals were able to significantly increase their cardiac output and stroke volume after hemodilution compared with baseline, animals with severe myocardial depression were unable to do so. This resulted in marked hypotension after hemodilution in controls compared with severely depressed animals. The results suggest a diminished ability of the pharmacologically depressed heart to tolerate acute normovolemic hemodilution.
The Effect of EU Accession on Internal Migration in Poland

This article examines the impact European Union (EU) policies have on internal migration in Poland. It argues that the EU indirectly through its cohesion funding and internal market policies creates push and pull incentives that affect internal migration. It focuses on the impact of three EU regulated factors: foreign direct investment, international migration, and EU funding. It contends that both foreign investment to a voivodeship as a result of the EU’s internal market policy, and EU funding to a voivodeship as a result of the EU’s cohesion policies, attracts internal migrants to that voivodeship and discourages residents from leaving. The article further argues that increasing international migration from a voivodeship as a result of the EUs labor policies decreases the incentive for internal migration. A cross-sectional time-series statistical analysis finds that higher levels of foreign investment and EU funding attract migrants to a voivodeship, while higher levels of international migration, FDI inflow, and EU funding decreases the incentive for residents of that voivodeship to relocate internally.
Creep behavior of nickel-copper laminate composites with controlled composition gradients

The tensile creep behavior of a series of nickel-copper laminate composites, in which the composition gradients between the 20-μm. m layers were controlled by heat treatment, was evaluated at 500 °C. With annealing, the high-temperature creep resistance increased due to the direct effects of solid solution strengthening within the layers. The results correlated to predictions based on a composite model which approximated the continuous composition gradients as a series of discrete compositional zones.
Localization of concealed Norplant implants and implant fragments by a modified mammography technique.

Abstract A modified mammography technique for localization of concealed Norplant implants and Norplant fragments was applied to four patients, ages 18, 35, 22, and 25. A dedicated mammography unit and mammography film screen system affording high resolution and high contrast was applied under the same conditions to each patient. 26 kilovoltage peak (KVp) was used, ranging from 60 to 150 milliamperes. Using both the automatic exposure control and manual techniques, specific milliampere range depended on the specific case. The technique proved successful, as concealed Norplant capsules were exquisitely visualized by films obtained with a Siemens Mammomat 3000. Applying the same modified technique, precise location of the Norplant implants was determined using a fenestrated compression plate with an alphanumeric grid in a manner similar to hookwire localization of breast lesions under mammographic guidance. The capsules were then safely retrieved. We conclude that this modified technique may provide practitioners with valuable assistance in the exact localization of the Norplant capsule(s) or fragments, thereby facilitating their removal. Application of a modified mammography technique reveals precise localization of concealed Norplant capsules facilitating their removal.
Effectiveness of sequencing connexin 26 (GJB2) in cases of familial or sporadic childhood deafness referred for molecular diagnostic testing.

Purpose: Hearing loss is a common congenital disorder that is frequently associated with mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding the connexin 26 protein (Cx26). We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of direct DNA sequencing for detection of Cx26 mutations as a clinical diagnostic test. Methods: We designed a clinical assay using a three-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA sequencing strategy to detect all possible mutations in the open reading frame and flanking sequences of Cx26. The results of the first 324 cases of childhood deafness referred for diagnostic testing were analyzed. Results: A total of 127 of the 324 (39.2%) cases had at least one mutant Cx26 allele (36.1% of sporadic cases, 70% of familial cases). Of these 127 case, 57 (44.8%) were homozygotes or compound heterozygotes. Thirty-four different mutations were identified, including 10 novel mutations, 6 of which (T8M, K15T, R32L, M93I, N206S, and 511-512insAACG) may be pathogenic. We also provide new evidence on the pathogenicity or nonpathogenicity of 12 previously reported mutations, and clarify the confusing nomenclature of the 313-326del14 mutation. Conclusion: A simple and rigorous method for efficient PCR-based sequence analysis of Cx26 is a sensitive clinical assay for evaluating deaf children. Its widespread use is likely to identify additional pathogenic mutations and lead to a better understanding of the clinical significance of previously identified mutations.
Application of Systemic-Structural Theory of Activity in the Development of Predictive Models of User Performance

This article introduces the systemic-structural activity (SSA) approach to modeling user performance on human-computer interaction tasks. The human operator's eye and computer mouse movements were analyzed, and their interrelationship was investigated in the framework of the SSA theory. A new method of eye movement interpretation is presented. Procedures for development of predictive design models of human performance are also suggested. These design models can be developed based on either purely analytical procedures or a combination of analytical procedures and abbreviated experimental studies. Developed models are task specific and are described in terms of human actions and operations, rather than in terms of the internal cognitive architecture. The design process is considered in terms of stages of the sequential refinement of designed models.
The 1920s Through the Looking Glass of Gender: A Response to David Montgomery

David Montgomery's essay on American workers' lives during the 1920s wres tles with a period whose historiography has been plagued by clich?s and that has long been regarded as a dismal interlude in labor history. Montgomery ex amines the labor history of the 1920s from a variety of points of view, display ing its many facets and presenting it less as a hiatus in labor history than as a time when some of the basic contours of American society were being re drawn. His dense argument reflects both the complexity of this period and the great difficulty of imposing analytic order on it, but it does not give full weight to the experiences of women during the 1920s. I would like to highlight some of the key elements in Montgomery's analysis and to suggest how they would look different if seen through the lens of gender, a focus that would not only illuminate the lives of women workers, but also deepen our understanding of the lives of workers in general. Montgomery forces us to rethink the very notion of the distinctiveness and coherence of the decade of the 1920s; his essay makes it clear that we would do better to think in larger terms of the period bounded by the World Wars. We have long understood that traditional periodization often fails to cor respond to the evolution of everyday life, but the rapid and compelling sequence of events in this period?two World Wars and the Great Depression?has kept an unusually firm grip on our thinking. Montgomery shows that Bernstein's time-honored lean years/turbulent years rubric does not stand up under the scrutiny of more recent research, but what he offers in its stead is not clear. Some business strategies, he argues, persisted from the late 1910s through the end of the 1920s; other continuities linked the 1920s and 1930s; 1922-23 and 1935 were turning points. Each point is convincing in itself, but in the process the 1920s disconcertingly slip from our grasp. The fault is not in Montgomery's vision, but in the difficulty of the task itself. Once we move away from an event-centered labor history and begin to consider the subtler processes of everyday life and the varieties of workers' lives, chronological generalizations lose explanatory power. But rather than completely abandon the effort to give an analytic shape to this era, I would like to offer some suggestions for periodization based on women's experience.
On theR-value measurements

The plastic strain ratio,r, of a 1.2 mm (0.048 inch) thick AKDQ steel sheet has been determined by both the conventional indirect method and the direct method advanced in the present investigation. In the indirect method, the measured data were e1, and e2 and a linear relationship was observed between these two variables. By linear regression analysis of this relationship, the experimental scatter inr could thus be evaluated. In the direct method, the measured data were e2 and e3, the thickness strain, e3, being calculated from the measured weight difference of two identically prepared wafers “before” and after straining. It was also observed that e2 varied linearly with e3. To facilitate the experimental determination, a slightly tapered specimen capable of generating a set of experimental data was used in both methods. The experimental results showed that the strong dependence of rm on e1 strain observed using the indirect method was greatly reduced or even eliminated within experimental scatter using the direct method. Experimental scatter inr could be reduced by a factor of 3 using the direct method in comparison with that using the indirect method. The determinedr-values are as follows: At e1 = 0.25 Direct Method Indirect Method 0 deg Orientation 1.76 ± 0.04 1.82 ± 0.12 45 deg Orientation 1.26 ± 0.02 1.24 ± 0.07 90 deg Orientation 2.17 ± 0.04 2.15 ± 0.19 •rm 1.61 ± 0.03 1.61 ± 0.11
Cancer as an immune-mediated disease

The link between oncology and immunology has a long history and its development is forced by the necessity to develop innovative and highly efficient modalities for immunological destruction of malignant cells. The limited efficacy of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation also exemplify these issues, as these treatments do not eliminate all cancerous cells, do not address the immunosuppressive nature of the disease and can further impair the patient's immune response weakening patient's resistance to the cancer. Multidisciplinary analysis of the interaction between the immune system and cancer in preclinical and clinical settings suggests that the immune system is closely intertwined with both cancer pathogenesis and treatment. On the one hand, cancer is a manifestation of malfunctions in immunity, as malignant cells manage to escape recognition and elimination by the immune system. Chronic infections and inflammation associated with limited or polarized immune responses also contribute to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The tumor immunoenvironment represents specific conditions and elements that support cancerous cell survival, proliferation and spreading. On the other hand, the specificity and strength of antitumor immunity is a powerful and efficient tool that can be used to recognize and destroy neoplastic cells or their supporting microenvironment. Understanding the role of the immune system in controlling and supporting tumor initiation, formation, growth and progression has crucial implications for cancer therapy and will therefore guide the future development of cancer immunotherapy and its combination with conventional therapies to achieve optimal antitumor effects in patients with different types of cancer.