cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Educational leadership: benefits of stepping outside the classroom

Although most educators have their greatest impact in the classroom, the increased need for diverse learning activities has created new opportunities for leadership. Moreover, many Tenure and Promotion Committees are finding that it is no longer sufficient to consider only lecture hours when evaluating a faculty member's contributions to the teaching mission of an institution. Accordingly, the career path for an educator in a college or professional school is evolving. A newly recruited faculty member may start out with traditional classroom responsibilities, but activities other than lecture, such as flipped classrooms, online resources, and peer-to-peer teaching, may be quickly added to the mix. As faculty members gain experience, they often progress to positions of curriculum design or program review within an institution. Similarly, there is a need for administrators who have participated in a variety of learning activities, and schools frequently recruit for these positions from faculty with such exposure. Many senior faculty members leverage this expertise to regional or national levels by authoring textbooks and online materials or serving on advisory boards, review committees, and governance in professional societies and funding agencies. Excelling in these leadership opportunities can have a profound effect on the success of promotion and tenure applications, and they reward a skill set that extends beyond the teaching and organization needed in the classroom.
Understanding the Agent, Part III: Specific Drugs

Multiple opioid agents with widely varying potencies, metabolic/elimination pathways, durations of action, adverse effect profiles, and abuse and diversion liability exist. The knowledge of different profiles for somatic and psychiatric adverse effects, propensity to confer hyperalgesia, and risk of abuse and diversion is incumbent upon any provider who writes opioid prescriptions. While the generalist certainly does not need to be expert in all of the agents available, the growing scope of the problem of opioid abuse in this country necessitates some familiarity with all of the commonly used agents, regardless of specialty. The old injunction to “know a few agents really well” is certainly reasonable; however, staying abreast of the current knowledge base is essential when prescribing potentially lethal agents and those that can otherwise ruin a life. Basic familiarity with epidemiologic and diversion activity trends is important to the clinician as well.
Internal Distraction Resulted in Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes for Midface Hypoplasia.

BACKGROUND Both internal and external distraction devices have been used successfully in correcting midface hypoplasia. Although the indication for surgery and the osteotomy techniques may be similar, deciding when to use internal versus external devices has not been studied. The authors studied patient-reported outcomes with FACE-Q and functional surveys for internal and external devices for midface distraction patients. METHODS Patients who underwent distraction advancement after Le Fort I and Le Fort III were surveyed using the FACE-Q survey and a functional survey. Equal groups of internal and external device patients were compared (n = 64). Data recorded included: sex, age, follow-up, diagnosis, operating room time, expected blood loss, length of stay, distraction length, consolidation time, and complications. RESULTS Internal and external device groups were similar with regards to patient diagnosis, operative time, expected blood loss, distraction length but consolidation times differed (internal = 3.6 versus external = 1.1 months). For FACE-Q appearance appraisal, there were similarities in domain and scale. For the functional survey (airway/breathing, ocular/vision, occlusion/eating, speech/articulation), there was also similar scoring. However, internal device patients had superior FACE-Q scores for Quality of Life: Social Function (80.9 versus 68.9), Early Life Impact (92.9 versus 62.4), Dental Anxiety (70.2 versus 48.3), Psychological Well-being (87.8 versus 68.6); and Decision Satisfaction (81.2 versus 56.9) and Outcome Satisfaction (91.0 versus 84.7). CONCLUSIONS Internal and external midface distraction patients had similar patient-reported outcomes for appearance and functional improvement; however, internal device patients were more satisfied with their quality of life and their decision to undergo the procedure.
Interplay of size and shape in miniaturized land snails

The distribution of the mean greater shell dimensions of 2446 genera of stylommatophoran land snails consists of two groups peaking at 3 mm and 15.3 mm. The 3-mm group includes the miniature snails whose adult shell dimensions range from almost 0.8 mm to less than 1.5 mm. Relative surface area, shell thickness and egg size are discussed as potential factors that may limit the minimum shell dimensions. To obtain uniform distributions, the shell shape is expressed as the expanse angle, defined as the apex angle of a right triangle the height and the base of which are the shell height and diameter, respectively. In terms of expanse angles there are three shell shapes: tall ( 50 degrees) and roughly equiaxial (40-50 degrees). The variation of shell shape with size was analyzed within the morphospace they form. At shell dimensions above 10 mm the lowest expanse angle is about 10 degrees. Below 10 mm, the lower limit of the expanse angle increases as shells get smaller. As a result, no miniature species has a tall shell. It is proposed that two evolutionary functional constraints render small and narrow shells of miniaturized snails nonadaptive. These are the requirements to reduce surface areas to decrease water loss and to have enough volume and a wide enough body whorl to accommodate at least one egg.
CO2 and Carbon Emissions from Cities: Linkages to Air Quality, Socioeconomic Activity, and Stakeholders in the Salt Lake City Urban Area

AbstractUrban areas are responsible for a substantial proportion of anthropogenic carbon emissions around the world. As global populations increasingly reside in cities, the role of urban emissions...
The effect of various metabolites on the growth of marrow cells in vitro.

Marrow was cultured on chick plasma clots, glass surfaces and in suspension and the influence of various metabolites and antimetabolites on the growth and differentiation of red cell precursors was studied. Vitamin B12 appeared to stimulate cell growth in cultures grown on clots and to convert megaloblastic hematopoiesis to normoblastic in cultures grown on glass. In suspension cultures of megaloblastic marrows in pernicious anemia serum significant cell increases were obtained with the addition of folinic acid, but not with vitamin B12. Both vitamin B12 and folinic acid appeared to accelerate the conversion of megaloblasts to normoblasts in differential counts of stained smears of such cultures. No enhancing effect of intrinsic factor upon the activity of B12 in suspension cultures of megaloblasts was observed. The effect of folinic acid could be blocked by colchicine and folinic acid could reverse the inhibitory effects of Amethopterin. These facts indicated that folinic acid acted in suspension cultures by stimulating mitosis. Megaloblasts could be produced from normoblastic marrows by culturing them in pernicious anemia serum, or in normal serum in the presence of Amethopterin.
Four Lost Episodes in Ancient Solar Theory

The most widely known solar theory from antiquity is that of Hipparchus. All ancient sources are agreed that Hipparchus’ model was a simple eccentric or an equivalent epicycle. The eccentric version of the model is shown in Figure 1. The Earth E is displaced a distance e from the center Z of the deferent. The purpose of the displacement is to allow the Sun at S to appear to move alternately slower and faster when seen from the Earth, even though it is at all times moving uniformly around the deferent as seen from the deferent center Z. Assuming a year length of 3651⁄4 days and adjusting e and the direction of EZ with respect to the stars, one can account for the lengths of the seasons, which Hipparchus took as 941⁄2 days for spring and 921⁄2 days for summer, and it also follows that there are 881⁄8 days in autumn and 901⁄8 days in winter.
A New Adaptive Grain Noise Cancellation Filterng Technique

In pulse-echo ultrasonic nondestructive testing, a transducer sends an ultrasonic wave into the test sample and receives the reflected wave from discontinuities in the sample. The received energy is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer, resulting in a one-dimensional time domain signal called an A-scan. An alternate method of representing an ultrasonic NDT signal is the C-scan image, which consists of peak values of the A-scan obtained at each position of a raster scan.
The Role of Categorization in the Socialization Process

Students of the socialization process have long recognized the central position of the family in the learning environment of the developing child. Cross-cultural studies, for example, have underlined the effect of variations in family structure on the experiences of children (cf. LeVine, 1970; Whiting & Whiting, 1975). Thus the extended family, the nuclear family, and the mother-child household are conceived as creating significantly different contexts for learning. Similarly, the agents of socialization available in the family unit constitute an important variable in socialization. These agents, or family members, who interact daily with the child may, of course, vary from one family to another along many dimensions (e.g., number, sex, age, personal characteristics).
Understanding the Monoclonal Antibody Disposition after Subcutaneous Administration using a Minimal Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Model.

Purpose: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly administered by subcutaneous (SC) route. However, bioavailability is often reduced after SC administration. In addition, the sequential transfer of mAbs through the SC tissue and lymphatic system is not completely understood. Therefore, major objectives of this study were a) To understand absorption of mAbs via the lymphatic system after SC administration using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, and b) to demonstrate application of the model for prediction of SC pharmacokinetics (PK) of mAbs. Methods: A minimal PBPK model was constructed using various physiological parameters related to the SC injection site and lymphatic system. The remainder of the body organs were represented using a 2-compartment model (central and peripheral compartments), with parameters derived from available intravenous (IV) PK data. The IV and SC clinical PK data of a total of 10 mAbs were obtained from literature. The SC PK data were used to estimate the lymphatic trunk-lymph node (LN) clearance. Results: The mean estimated lymphatic trunk-LN clearance obtained from 37 SC PK profiles of mAbs was 0.00213 L/h (0.001332 to 0.002928, 95% confidence intervals). The estimated lymphatic trunk-LN clearance was greater for the mAbs with higher isoelectric point ( pI ). In addition, the estimated clearance increased with decrease in the bioavailability. Conclusion: The minimal PBPK model identified SC injection site lymph flow, afferent and efferent lymph flows, and volumes associated with the SC injection site, lymphatic capillaries and lymphatic trunk-LN as important physiological parameters governing the absorption of mAbs after SC administration. The model may be used to predict PK of mAbs using the relationship of lymphatic trunk-LN clearance and the pI . In addition, the model can be used as a bottom platform to incorporate SC and lymphatic in vitro clearance data for mAb PK prediction in the future.
How Two Profitable Trading Systems for Eurodollar Futures Were Developed

Two trading systems for Eurodollar futures were developed using the SAMM (Strategic Analysis of Market Method) described in the book The Strategic Analysis of Financial Markets (in 2 Volumes) Moffitt (2017a,b). The SAMM formalizes the process of trading system discovery and development. It involves two steps that are seldom discussed: (1) a systematic method for discovering potential trading edges without data analysis, and (2) a method for appraising the likely life span of a system using “strategic life cycles.” Using the SAMM, it is argued that futures expirations are likely “price distorters” because of semi-predictable FED actions, market segmentation of the yield curve, and probable inefficient forward markets. Using principal components analysis, independent components analysis, and smoothing methods, two systems whose maximum drawdown over the period from 1990-2008 was 20% were developed. System 1 traded 8 times per year for an annual return before fees of about 8.5% and System 2 traded 4 times per year for an annual return before fees of about 15%. It is argued that disclosure of Systems 1 and 2 will likely attenuate their future performances due to changing the timing of Eurodollar rolls, but this will not occur immediately.
Schur rings over infinite groups II

Abstract We construct non-traditional Schur rings over various infinite groups, including surface groups, some free products with amalgamation, PSL ( 2 , Z ) , and some groups related to crystallographic groups. Here non-traditional means that the Schur rings are not direct products, wedge products or orbit Schur rings. In certain cases we are able to investigate eigenvalues and eigenvectors for these Schur rings.
RSeiz: A Channel Selection Based Approach for Rapid Seizure Detection in the IoMT

Epilepsy affects 1% of the world population, which necessitates a fast seizure detection system for practical epilepsy solutions. The reduction of seizure detection delay is a critical problem which needs to be addressed as rapid detection provides effective treatment. In this paper an electroencephalogram (EEG) based, patient-specific seizure detection system is proposed in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) framework which can detect seizures at a minimum delay. The proposed system uses neighborhood component analysis (NCA) for channel selection, statistical features for optimal feature extraction, and a ReliefFbased optimization (RBO) in conjunction with a k-nearest neighbor classifier for feature classification. A publicly available database (CHB-MIT EEG) has been used for evaluation of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides a sensitivity of 100% while maintaining a low average latency of 1.49 sec, which may be useful for practical epilepsy treatment and biomedical applications.
New approaches to species delimitation and population structure of corals: two case studies using ultraconserved elements and exons

As coral populations decline worldwide in the face of ongoing environmental change, documenting their distribution, diversity and conservation status is now more imperative than ever. Accurate delimitation and identification of species is a critical first step. This task, however, is not trivial as morphological variation and slowly evolving molecular markers confound species identification. New approaches to species delimitation in corals are needed to overcome these challenges. Here, we test whether target enrichment of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and exons can be used for delimiting species boundaries and population structure within species of corals by focusing on two octocoral genera, Alcyonium and Sinularia, as exemplary case studies. We designed an updated bait set (29,363 baits) to target-capture 3,040 UCE and exon loci, recovering a mean of 1,910 {+/-} 168 SD per sample with a mean length of 1,055 {+/-} 208 bp. Similar numbers of loci were recovered from Sinularia (1,946 {+/-} 227 SD) and Alcyonium (1,863 {+/-} 177 SD). Species-level phylogenies were highly supported for both genera. Clustering methods based on filtered SNPs delimited species and populations that are congruent with previous allozyme, DNA barcoding, reproductive and ecological data for Alcyonium, and offered further evidence of hybridization among species. For Sinularia, results were congruent with those obtained from a previous study using Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing. Both case studies demonstrate the utility of target-enrichment of UCEs and exons to address a wide range of evolutionary and taxonomic questions across deep to shallow time scales in corals.
Reports on the Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Suicidal Behavior by Patients With Depression

Abstract. Background: Studies suggest there may be perceived secondary advantages to engaging in suicidal behavior that impact the help-seeking behavior of at-risk individuals. Aims: The aim of thi...
Succession to Treaty Responsibilities in Civil Wars

In this chapter the continuity of treaty obligations in the American Civil War is examined. What treaties, if any, made by the parent government bind a community in revolt ? The question as to what extent if any insurgents are bound by treaties made by the parent government has received scant attention.1
Complete Genome Sequence Resource for the Necrotrophic Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Dickeya dianthicola 67-19 Isolated From New Guinea Impatiens.

New Guinea impatiens (NGI, Impatiens hawkeri) are popular bedding plants that can be affected by a number of pathogens. Using 16S rDNA sequencing and genus-specific PCR, we identified the first Dic...
Ileo-colonic lymphoma: presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Purpose of review The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the bulk of which is located in the ileo-colonic region comprises the lymphoid cells of the gastrointestinal tract and confers specific immunological responses. Repetitive antigenic stimulation of these cells predispose to a monoclonal proliferation of this tissue and the eventual development of lymphoma. The gastrointestinal tract is the most commonly involved site of extranodal lymphomas. This review will focus primarily on lymphomas of the ileo-colonic region (defined as the terminal ileum, the colon, and the rectum). We will discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and presentation as well as current practices in diagnosis and management. Recent findings Despite the majority of the GALT to be located in the ileo-colonic region of the gut, the lymphomas in this location are relatively rare. However, the overall annual incidence of ileo-colonic lymphomas is steadily increasing. This entity has a varied spectrum of clinical presentations. Ileo-colonoscopy with adequate targeted biopsies can serve as a gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Ileo-colonic lymphomas may be managed with chemotherapy alone while surgery is reserved for highly aggressive tumors or clinical emergencies. Radiation is not a preferred adjuvant treatment for lymphomas in this location of the gut. Adequate endoscopic surveillance measures and tools to potentially prevent recurrence and improve the overall prognosis of this disease are lacking. Summary Ileo-colonic lymphomas are rare and can present with varied symptoms and signs. Endoscopy with adequate sampling can aid in making a definitive diagnosis. Chemotherapy can be highly effective in management while surgery is indicated for emergency presentations. Adequate endoscopic surveillance tools are lacking, yet imperative to prevent recurrence and improve prognosis.
Decrypting the boiling crisis through data-driven exploration of high-resolution infrared thermometry measurements

We develop a neural network model capable of predicting the margin to the boiling crisis (i.e., the departure from nucleate boiling ratio, DNBR) from high-resolution infrared measurements of the bubble dynamics on surfaces with different morphologies and wettability (or wickability). We use a feature ranking algorithm, i.e., minimum redundancy maximum relevance, to elucidate the importance of fundamental boiling parameters, i.e., nucleation site density, bubble departure frequency, growth time, and footprint radius, in predicting the boiling crisis. We conclude that these parameters are all necessary and equally important. This result has profound implications, as it undermines the general validity of many observations and mechanistic models that attempt to predict the critical heat flux (CHF) by describing how a single boiling parameter changes with the heat flux or from one surface to another. Notably, the neural network model can predict the DNBR on CHF-enhancing surfaces of different wickability without using any input information related to the surface properties. This result suggests that, at least on the considered surfaces, surface wickability enhances the CHF by modifying the bubble dynamics, i.e., the aforesaid boiling parameters, rather than acting as an additional heat removal mechanism.
Loving idols: K-pop and the limits of neoliberal solidarity in Cuba:

In the 2010s, new forms of hand-to-hand digital media piracy displaced state control over media distribution in Cuba and facilitated the influx of global media, including K-Pop, just as Cuban socia...
Restoring optical forces and torques for passive stabilization of microscopic lightsails

Directed propulsion of lightsails to relativistic speeds by laser radiation pressure demands for passive stabilization, which can be achieved with subwavelength metasurface elements. Our tailored nanophotonic design based on silicon nitride is predicted to give rise to restoring forces and torques upon small perturbations in its dynamics. By measuring the angles and intensities of the diffracted orders, we infer the light-induced pressures on our lightsail prototype. Using Michelson interferometry and laser deflection spectroscopy, we can directly observe the dynamical stability of spring-supported suspended membrane designs. Our results pave the way for lab-scale experiments on optical manipulation of microscopic lightsails.
Method development of X-ray ptychography: Towards high-resolution and high-throughput coherent imaging

X-ray ptychography has gained tremendous success in providing quantitative high-resolution imaging for extended samples. Here we report on recent developments in ptychography imaging techniques and the improvement of reconstruction methods to increase ptychographic imaging throughput at the Advanced Photon Source.
Phylogeny, Historical Biogeography, and Divergence Time Estimates of Eucnide (Loasaceae)

Eucnide (Loasaceae) consists of about 15 species distributed across Mexico, Guatemala, and the North American Southwest, a geographically complex landscape made up of floristically unique deserts, large mountain ranges, and a large, geographically isolated peninsula. This complex geography is credited for high levels of biodiversity and endemism in the region and we examine relationships between geography and cladogenesis in Eucnide. In the most recent treatment of the genus, Thompson and Ernst recognize three sections of Eucnide differentiated based on floral morphology. To date, no molecular phylogenetic studies have broadly sampled species in this genus. We used Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses of one plastid marker (matK) and one nuclear marker (ITS) to: 1) test the monophyly of Eucnide sections and assess whether the existing taxonomy sufficiently circumscribes diversity within the genus; 2) assess the divergence times of Eucnide lineages to determine when the major clades diversified; and 3) estimate the ancestral range of Eucnide and hypothesize patterns of geographical diversification of the genus. We found that not all infrageneric units of Eucnide are monophyletic and the taxonomy needs revision. Additionally, the major clades of Eucnide are predominantly restricted to geographic regions, suggesting that species have frequently diversified within geographic areas. The ancestral range of Eucnide was inferred to be widespread, and the divergence times of the major clades coincide with major geological events, particularly, the formation of the North American warm deserts, the isolation of the Baja Peninsula, and the uplift of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt. This suggests that major geological/climatic events may have contributed to the diversification of the genus.
Relaxing the multi-stage nested return algorithm for curved yield surfaces and nonlinear hardening laws

The multi-stage nested return algorithm is an efficient approach for implementing plasticity and damage models that addresses issues of nonuniqueness and nonconvergence, and which was previously shown to perform well in a variety of verification tests. Straightforward modifications to this algorithm are shown to improve the robustness for high-curvature yield surfaces and nonlinear hardening laws. Improved methods for computing the initial “fast return” are presented with application to two-surface geomodels. These modifications reduce the need for subcycling while maintaining the efficiency of the algorithm.
Effects of Stimulus Intensity on P300

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of stimulus intensity on p300. P300 has been called an “endogenous” component to contrast it to earlier negative and positive components that are “exogenous.” Criteria for endogenous components are listed as follows: (1) the components are non-obligatory, i.e., the same physical stimulus may or may not elicit them depending on their role in the subject's task, and (2) the amplitude, latency, and scalp distribution of the components do not depend on the physical characteristics of the eliciting stimulus. In most of the experimental paradigms that have been used to date, P300 fulfills these criteria. Although P300 is sometimes evoked when subjects have been told to ignore the stimuli, these P300s have been of small amplitude and could be considered the result of not following instructions, since compliance to the instruction to ignore is not monitored. The P300s elicited had latencies and distributions that indicated they are non-artifactual. The experiment investigated P300s elicited by stimuli from 55 to 115 dB SPL under 3 task conditions, and P300 to 100 dB SPL stimuli under two probability conditions.
College and University Curricula in Ecotourism and Nature-Based Tourism.

Ecotourism and nature-based tourism are among the fastest growing segments of the travel industry worldwide. Some institutions of higher education have responded to this growth by focusing courses on these topics. The objectives of this study were to complete a preliminary inventory and to collect descriptive information about ecotourism or nature-based tourism courses and those institutions and faculty that offer these courses in the USA. The inventory identified 21 programs that currently offer at least one ecotourism or nature-based tourism course. The majority of courses have been developed and offered for the first time between 1990 and 1995. Economic development and environmental planning are components of 70% of the courses.
Book-Tax Conformity and the Information Content of Earnings

We examine whether the information content of earnings is inversely related to the degree of conformity between financial accounting income and taxable income. Our inquiry exploits a natural experiment first examined by Guenther et al. (1997) in which a set of U.S. firms were forced to increase their book-tax conformity as a result of a change in the tax law. We find evidence consistent with the increase in book-tax conformity reducing the usefulness of financial accounting earnings. The information content of earnings as measured by the long-window earnings response coefficients and the R- squared from a regression of returns on earnings decreases for this set of firms after the tax law required greater book-tax conformity. We find that the declines are significantly larger than the changes in the same measures for an industry-matched sample of firms not required to increase conformity. These results add to the academic literature on the interaction of taxes and financial reporting as well as to the policy debate about whether the U.S. should conform the tax law to GAAP, a debate that has recently intensified. Hanlon acknowledges financial support from an Ernst & Young Faculty Fellowship. Maydew acknowledges financial assistance from the University of North Carolina Kenan- Flagler Business School. Shevlin acknowledges financial assistance from the Accounting Development Fund at the University of Washington. We thank Nader Hafzalla for research assistance and Scott Dyreng and Dave Guenther for comments on an earlier draft. We appreciate Dave Guenther and Sarah Nutter sharing the identification of the firms required to switch to accrual basis accounting for tax purposes.
Long-term consequences of exposure to ozone. II. Structural alterations in lung collagen of monkeys.

The effects of chronic exposure to ozone on lung collagen crosslinking were investigated in two groups of juvenile cynomolgus monkeys exposed to 0.61 ppm of ozone 8 hrs per day for 1 year. One group was killed immediately after the exposure period; the second exposed group breathed filtered air for 6 months after the ozone exposure before being killed. Previous studies of these monkeys had revealed that lung collagen content was increased in both exposed groups (J.A. Last et al., (1984). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 72, 111-118). In the present study specific collagen crosslinks were quantified in order to determine whether the excess collagen in the lungs of these animals was structurally normal or abnormal. In the group killed immediately after exposure, the difunctional crosslink dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) was elevated, as was the ratio of DHLNL to dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine (HLNL). Lung content of the mature nonreducible crosslink hydroxypyridinium was also increased in this group. In the group killed after a 6-month postexposure period, lung content of the difunctional crosslinks DHLNL and HLNL was indistinguishable from control values. However, lung hydroxypyridinium content was significantly increased. The changes in collagen crosslinking observed in the group killed at the termination of exposure are characteristic of those seen in lung tissue in the acute stage of experimental pulmonary fibrosis. The changes seen in the postexposure group suggest that while the lung collagen being synthesized at the time the animals were killed was apparently normal, "abnormal" collagen synthesized during the period of ozone exposure was irreversibly deposited in the lungs. This study suggests that long-term exposure to relatively low levels of ozone may cause irreversible changes in lung collagen structure.
Abstract 182: "Spot" Sign vs "Dot" Sign as Predictor of Hemorrhagic Stroke Outcomes

Introduction: Hematoma expansion (HE) is an established predictor of mortality and poor functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The computed tomography angiography (CTA) “spot” sign predicts HE and deterioration. The “dot” sign on delayed post-contrast CT (PCCT) has undetermined clinical significance but is thought to represent a slower rate of bleeding than the “spot” sign. We aimed to compare the sensitivity of a “dot” sign with the “spot” sign and establish the clinical significance of the “dot” sign. Methods: Patients with ICH presenting to our center July 2008-May 2013 were identified from our stroke registry. Only patients with baseline CT, CTA and PCCT and follow-up CT 6-36 hours later were included. Patients with clot evacuation between baseline and follow-up CT were excluded. HE was defined as 1) any ≥ 1cc increase and 2) significant ≥ 12.5cc increase or >33% increase in volume. Differences in cohort characteristics were assessed using appropriate statistical tests and sensitivity was calculated from 2x2 tables. Unadjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate the relation of “spot” and “dot” signs with HE and poor functional outcome (discharge mRS 4-6). Results: Of the 210 ICH patients included in the analyses (median age 61, 44.7% female, 66.2% black), 39 (18.5%) patients had a PCCT “dot” sign and 19 (9%) had a CTA “spot” sign. Significant HE occurred in 15% with “dot” sign and 8% with “spot” sign. The PCCT “dot” sign had a sensitivity of 0.52 in predicting significant HE and a sensitivity of 0.69 in predicting discharge mRS 4-6 (compared with 0.24 and 0.30 for “spot” sign, respectively). Patients with a “dot” sign, but without a “spot” sign, had significantly increased odds of any HE (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.9-17.8, p=0.003), mRS 4-6 (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.03-64.6, p=0.048), and death (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.4-48.4, p=0.02), but not significant HE (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.7-6.7, p=0.15). Conclusions: The PCCT “dot” sign was more sensitive in predicting hematoma expansion than the CTA “spot” sign and predicted hematoma expansion and poor functional outcome even in the absence of the “spot sign.” The utility of PCCT imaging in acute evaluation of ICH patients requires validation, but our study supports clinical relevance of the “dot” sign.
Poly(dG) oligo deoxynucleotide conjugated protein vaccine specifically targets skin APCs and induces robust T cell immunity in vivo. (APP3P.110)

The efficacy of current vaccines results from the induction of protective antibodies. However we still lack efficacious vaccines against many infectious agents that require durable and protective T cell immunity. Efficient and selective delivery of antigen and adjuvant to APCs in vivo remains a critical challenge to vaccine design. To accomplish both of these goals with a single delivery strategy we have designed an antigen and adjuvant delivery platform based on simple and direct coupling of Poly(dG) oligo deoxynucleotides to protein antigens. Initially we found that immunization of naive animals by direct injection of conjugates of Poly(dG) and Ovalbumin, Poly(dG)-OVA induces priming of specific CTL responses, differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into Th1 cells, induction of specific memory T cell responses and generation of specific antibody responses, in a scavenger receptor-dependent manner. Applying this strategy to HIV, we immunized mice with conjugated Poly(dG)-Gag and demonstrated potent induction of Gag-specific CTL and Th1-biased CD4 T cells immune responses in vivo. Further, in human models we show that intradermal injection of Poly(dG)-antigen conjugates result in efficient uptake by human dermal DCs that acquire potent T cell stimulatory functions. Our data suggests that the Poly(dG)-protein conjugate vaccine platform can both selectively target antigens to skin APCs and function as an APC-directed adjuvant to induce broad based cellular and humoral immunity.
Price Manipulation, Price Discovery and Transaction Costs in the Crossing Network

This paper proposes the first tractable rational expectation equilibrium model that includes both endogenous price and endogenous execution probability. I use the model to examine the market outcome when the informed trader can split trades between an exchange and a crossing network (dark pool) in which buy and sell orders are passively matched using the price set by the stock exchange. The crossing network reduces price discovery and the impact is stronger for stocks with higher fundamental value uncertainty. However, the informed trader does not have the incentive to manipulate the market by trading in the wrong direction in the exchange and then benefiting from the resulting mispricing by matching orders in the crossing network, because the cost to move the price away from the fundamental value is higher than the profit from the crossing network. The informed trader’s optimal decision generates positive correlation between price impact in the exchange and non-execution probability in the crossing network, and an increase in the fundamental value uncertainty increases both price impact and non-execution probability. I examine the market outcome under three different allocation rules. The 'fair access' policy proposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission harms price discovery and increases the adverse selection problem in the crossing network.
Schistosomal egg granuloma-derived fibroblast-stimulating factor is apparently distinct from interleukin-1.

We have previously reported that egg granulomas isolated from livers of Schistosoma mansoni-infected euthymic mice in vitro elaborate a factor(s) that stimulates a variety of fibroblast responses including fibroblast proliferation and enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. We have postulated that these factors play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni. Serum-free supernatants from egg granuloma cultures also stimulate thymocyte proliferation in an assay that defects interleukin-1 (IL-1). Thymocytes and fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate by the same fractions of egg granuloma culture supernatant separated by gel filtration, isoelectric focusing, and ion-exchange chromatography. This suggested that granuloma-derived IL-1 is responsible for the observed fibroblast stimulation. Here we report that the ability of granuloma culture supernatants to stimulate the IL-1-sensitive D10.G4.1 cells but not fibroblasts is removed by treatment with immobilized anti-IL-1 antibody. We also observed that dialyzed culture supernatants from egg granulomas obtained from infected congenitally athymic (nude) mice also stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Treatment with anti-IL-1 antibody did not abrogate this response. In contrast to our experience with egg granulomas isolated from euthymic mice, IL-1- and fibroblast-stimulating activity could be separated by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. We conclude that the fibroblast growth-stimulating activities elaborated by egg granulomas from S. mansoni-infected euthymic and athymic mice may be different but both appear to be distinct from IL-1.
Inclusion complexation of tetrathiafulvalene in cyclodextrins and bioelectroanalysis of the glucose-glucose oxidase reaction

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) forms water-soluble inclusion complexes with α-, hp-β- and γ-cyclodextrin (CD). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been performed at a stationary electrode to characterize these TTF:CD inclusion complexes. The CV analysis yielded average peak separations of 63 mV and diffusion limited currents, indicating completely reversible electron transfer. The half-wave potential (E12) of the complex shifted to more positive values with increasing CD concentration, permitting use of a modified Nernst equation to estimate the complexation ratio and the equilibrium formation constant (Kform) of the complexes. The complexation ratio was determined as 1:2, 1:1 and 1:1 for TTF with α-CD, hp-β-CD and γ-CD, respectively. The Kform for these complexes was then estimated to be 5.44 × 103 m6/kmol2, 5.40 × 103 m3/kmol and 0.141 × 103 m3/kmol. The diffusion coefficients (Do) for 1 mol/m3 TTF in α-CD varied from 4.44 × 10−11 to 0.76 × 10−11 m2/s as the α-CD concentration increased from 3 to 50 mol/m3. The Do values for hp-β-CD varied from 12.9 × 10−11 to 4.03 × 10−11 m2/s over the same cyclodextrin range whereas those of γ-CD ranged from 2.20 × 10−12 to 1.75 × 10−12 m2/s. CV curves for TTF: hp-β-CD in the presence of glucose and GOx showed a large anodic current with no discernible peaks, indicating bioelectrocatalysis. The ratio of this current to the diffusion limited current was used to determine the second-order homogeneous rate constant ks for the reaction with GOx, which demonstrated the efficiency of the inclusion complex as a mediator. The ks value for 1 mol/m3 TTF decreased from 3.84 × 105 to 1.04 × 105 m3/kmol s with an increase in hp-β-CD concentration from 3 to 15 mol/m3. Extremely high diffusion and kinetic parameters in 3 mol/m3 CD solutions were due to insolubility of TTF at low CD concentrations, and indicated that the CD concentration must be maintained above this level.
Circadian Entrainment to Temperature, But Not Light, in the Isolated Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master pacemaker that drives circadian rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior. The abilities to synchronize to daily cycles in the environment and to ...
Outcomes of Co-Review in the National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Studies Program

Most core programs in the Biological Sciences Directorate in the National Science Foundation (NSF) reflect academic disciplines that are common in the higher education system in the United States. This facilitates review of discipline-specific proposals. Proposals that integrate topics that are relevant to more than one core program may be handled by co-review, a process by which more than one program evaluates the merits of a proposal.
Influence of cavity effects on light extraction efficiency in organic light emitting devices

In this paper, we demonstrate that the light extraction efficiency of an OLED is a strong function of the location of the recombination zone and the ratio of the extracted mode to the substrate guided mode varies from 22% to 55%. The large variation of the extraction efficiency in most OLEDs is the direct result of optical cavity effect present in the devices. In addition, we show that the light intensity profile varies from a Lambertian shape to a non-Lambertian shape depending of the device geometry.
Major histocompatibility complex genes in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, and polymyositis

Current concepts about the roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and complement genes in predisposing to connective tissue diseases are reviewed. Precise localization of disease conferring alleles and epitopes is confounded by two major phenomena: (1) clinical and serologic heterogeneity of the diseases and associations of several different HLA alleles with different and often overlapping autoantibody responses; and (2) linkage disequilibrium of many potentially relevant gene loci located on the disease-associated HLA haplotypes. Using molecular genetic tools in serologically homogeneous patient populations, and across racial lines, the Ro (SS-A) and la (SS-B) autoantibody responses in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome appear to associate most strongly with HLA-DQ alleles, whereas the anti-Jo-1 autoantibody in myositis correlates best with HLA-DRw52. A gene deletion of C4A within HLA predisposes to systemic lupus erythematosus in both white and black patients.
Food Habits of Young and Yearllng White Bass, Morone chrysops (Rafinesque), in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin

Abstract Food habits of young and yearling white bass, Morone chrysops, were determined on the basis of seven sets of samples taken at approximate 2-hr intervals from sunset to sunrise in midsummer and early autumn of 1966 and 1967. Digestion rate studies were carried out in situ and in the laboratory. In most cases young and yearling fish evacuated a major share of their stomach contents within 7 to 8 hr after termination of feeding. Laboratory and field data suggest that the major feeding activity of both age groups occurred prior to sunset; young fish apparently ceased feeding at 2 to 3 hr post-sunset while yearlings continued to feed at low levels throughout the night. Both age groups fed heavily on Daphnia spp. and Leptodora kindtii, but yearlings also showed heavy dependence on macroinvertebrates (Amphipoda, Diptera and Odonata) and fish (principally Centrarchidae and Cyprinidae) in later post-sunset hours.
The influence of the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance on business strategy development: A cross-national study of hotel managers

Abstract The purpose of this exploratory study was to empirically investigate the potential influence of uncertainty avoidance (UA) on hotel top managers’ approach to strategy development. Scales were developed to measure managers’ openness to strategic change, involvement of others, formality of strategic control, type of data used in strategic analysis, and strategic planning time horizon. Responses from 207 managers (50 Americans, 43 Malaysians, 70 Thai, and 44 Turkish) were analyzed using ANOVA. The findings indicated that UA had minimal influences on the managers’ approach, as different managers from cultures with varied degrees of UA demonstrated noticeable similarities among the five variables investigated. Practical implications as well as suggestions for future research were provided.
Spatial Differentiation and Integration by Coherent Optical-Correlation Method

Optical differentiation and integration are not only interesting from the standpoint of optical computation, but are also important in picture processing. Based on optical correlation, or convolution, and the applications of difference equations, a technique for synthesizing the differentiation and integration filters is presented. This technique compares favorably with other methods which now exist.
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds ( Eliel, Ernest L.; Wilen, Samuel H.)

Ernest L. Eliel and Samuel H. Wilen. Wiley: New York, 1994. xv + 1267 pp. Figs. and Tables. 18.8 X 26.1 cm. $75.00.It has been over three decades since this book's predecessor, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (1), was published. The baby boom generation of organic graduate students learned most of what they know about stereochemistry from that text. Back then, "everything you wanted to know about stereochemistry" fit into 488 pages, and the material could be covered in a single course. The new book is almost three times as large, reflecting the rapid growth in this field. It now should be considered a reference rather than a textbook. Baby boomers (and everyone else with an interest in stereochemistry) should consider buying the updated book. Those still teaching about "asymmetric centers" (rather than stereogenic elements) need to update their vocabularies. At $75, the price per page is quite reasonable.The material has been almost completely revised. The authors attempt to give a historical perspect...
Effects of the immigration act of 1965 on selected population characteristics of immigrants to the United States

Recent changes in immigration law have affected the characteristics of immigrants coming to the United States. The major changes in immigration policy contained in the 1965 Immigration Act, which amended the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952, concerned the abolition of the quota system, preference system and labor clearances for certain classes of immigrants. The effects of these policy changes on two controversial characteristics of immigrants, their country of origin and occupational levels, are traced. The law led to clear changes in origin of immigrants. Southern European, Asian and Caribbean immigrants make up a larger proportion of immigrants than previously. Although the volume of immigration increased, the distribution of occupational levels remained about the same. The sources of the various occupational groups shifted to some extent, especially the professional level from Asian countries. Some effects of the policy changes and the changes in population characteristics on the American social and political scene are briefly outlined.
New forceps delivery technique for coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus

We remain very enthusiastic about transcatheter coil occlusion of the PDA. However, surgical ligation has been performed successfully and with relatively low risk of complications. Therefore, an alternative nonsurgical technique must demonstrate comparable success and safety. We believe that this new forceps delivery technique has significant advantages over previously reported PDA coil occlusion techniques and should warrant further clinical investigation.