cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Kv channel-interacting proteins contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain that regulates Kv4 channel trafficking and gating.

Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) are auxiliary subunits of the heteromultimeric channel complexes that underlie neuronal ISA, the subthreshold transient K+ current that dynamically regulates membrane excitability, action potential firing properties, and long term potentiation. KChIPs form cytoplasmic associations with the principal pore-forming Kv4 subunits and typically mediate enhanced surface expression and accelerated recovery from depolarization-induced inactivation. An exception is KChIP4a, which dramatically suppresses Kv4 inactivation while promoting neither surface expression nor recovery. These unusual properties are attributed to the effects of a K channel inactivation suppressor domain (KISD) encoded within the variable N terminus of KChIP4a. Here, we have functionally and biochemically characterized two brain KChIP isoforms, KChIP2x and KChIP3x (also known as KChIP3b) and show that they also contain a functional KISD. Like KChIP4a and in contrast with non-KISD-containing KChIPs, both KChIP2x and KChIP3x strongly suppress inactivation and slow activation and inhibit the typical increases in surface expression of Kv4.2 channels. We then examined the properties of the KISD to determine potential mechanisms for its action. Subcellular fractionation shows that KChIP4a, KChIP2x, and KChIP3x are highly associated with the membrane fraction. Fluorescent confocal imaging of enhanced green fluorescent proteins (eGFP) N-terminally fused with KISD in HEK293T cells indicates that KISDs of KChIP4a, KChIP2x, and KChIP3x all autonomously target eGFP to intracellular membranes. Cell surface biotinylation experiments on KChIP4a indicate that the N terminus is exposed extracellularly, consistent with a transmembrane KISD. In summary, KChIP4a, KChIP2x, and KChIP3x comprise a novel class of KChIP isoforms characterized by an unusual transmembrane domain at their N termini that modulates Kv4 channel gating and trafficking.
A new strategy for assimilating SST data for ENSO predictions

[1] With a simple 3D Var assimilation scheme, a new strategy for assimilating sea surface temperature (SST) observations has been proposed in this paper. The strategy involves assimilating two proxy data, SST and subsurface thermal data, into the ocean model. An ensemble of predictions for the Nino3 region SST anomalies (SSTA) is performed to validate the new strategy. The results show that the new strategy can effectively improve Nino3 SSTA predictions at all lead times, in particular for lead times over 6 months, and for the predictions of El Nino episodes. The prediction skills of the Nino3 SSTA attained by the new scheme can be as high as those attained by the assimilation of subsurface data and sea level height. Comparisons between two schemes of SST assimilations suggest that the impact of observations on the initializations of ENSO predictions could greatly depend on how the observations were assimilated.
Trends in chromatographic automation

The rapid growth and extensive utilization of chromatography as an analytical method has necessitated improvement of the associated data reduction process. More prompt final data and increased accuracy demand automated techniques. The development of modern solid-state electronics has enabled computer-aided solutions to chromatographic data reduction problems. Increasing software costs and decreasing hardware production costs couple to give new solutions — small calculator-like systems and large distributed computer systems. Currently available U. S. system types will be surveyed and future trends will be conjectured.
The Effect of Hemodialysis on Oxygen Transport in Chronic Uremics

Previous studies from our laboratory suggested a decrease in tissue oxygen delivered during hemodialysis of chronic uremic patients due to an increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, i.e. decrease in P50. This current study was designed to determine whether the changes in cardiac index and/or tissue oxygen extraction could compensate for increases in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity previously observed, so that total tissue oxygen delivery was unchanged during hemodialysis. This study demonstrated in patients during a 6-hour hemodialysis that: 1) no change occurs in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity expressed as P50, with unchanging plasma inorganic phosphate and red blood cell pH; 2) increased extraction of oxygen from tissue, measured via (A-V) O2 difference compensates for decreased oxygen delivery due to decreased cardiac output; and although there was no demonstrable change in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, it would appear that increased tissue extraction of oxygen via other mechanisms should be easily able to compensate for previously reported changes in P50.
Multibasin Dynamics in Off-Lattice Minimalist Protein Landscapes †

We analyze time series of potential energy fluctuations and principal components at several temperatures for two kinds of off-lattice 46-bead models that have two distinctive energy landscapes. The less-frustrated “funnel” energy landscape brings about stronger nonstationary behavior of the potential energy fluctuations at the folding temperature than the other, rather frustrated energy landscape at the collapse temperature with a significant 1/f α(α ≈ 1.5) noise structure and a significant deviation of the Allan variance from the law of large numbers. The principal components are analyzed by an embedding nonlinear time-series analysis. The fast fluctuations with small amplitudes of ∼70−80% of the principal components cause the time series to become almost “random” in only 100 simulation steps. However, the stochastic feature of the principal components tends to be suppressed through a wide range of degrees of freedom at the transition temperature.
The effects of cocaine exposure prior to and during pregnancy in rats fed low or adequate protein diets

Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet of low protein content (6% casein), an isocaloric diet of adequate protein content (25% casein), or a laboratory chow diet for 5 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. Within each diet group, rats received either cocaine (30 mg/kg IP two times per week prior to mating and 30 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg SC daily from days 3 to 18 of pregnancy) or saline injections. Cocaine produced a greater reduction in food intake during pregnancy in the malnourished group compared with the other two diet groups. The effect of cocaine on food intake was minimal in chow-fed rats. Weight gain in pregnancy was reduced by cocaine in a dose-dependent manner, and by malnutrition. Both prenatal cocaine and malnutrition impaired skeletal maturation of the pups, but there was no additive effect of the two insults on this measure. Litter size was significantly reduced by the 40 mg/kg, but not by the 30 mg/kg dose of cocaine across all diet groups. Consequently, the 40 mg/kg dose of cocaine proved to be fetotoxic in this model. Birth weight was significantly reduced by prenatal malnutrition but not by prenatal cocaine. Gestation length was unaffected by either insult. Hence, the ability to detect a diet x drug interaction was dependent upon the variable being measured.
Chemical and isotopic fractionation during the evaporation of the FeO-MgO-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-TiO2 rare earth element melt system

Abstract A synthetic material with solar elemental proportions of iron, magnesium, silicon, titanium, calcium, and aluminum oxides and doped with rare earth elements was evaporated in a vacuum furnace at 1800 and 2000°C for different durations to study its chemical and isotopic evolution during the evaporation process. It is demonstrated that kinetic evaporation of solar composition material can produce residues of calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusion bulk chemistry. The evaporation sequence of the main constituents in this solar composition material is iron > silicon ≈ magnesium > titanium. Calcium and aluminum remain unevaporated after evaporation of 95% of the solar composition material. The chemical fractionation between the gas and condensed phase is a function not only of temperature and pressure, but also of the bulk chemical composition of the condensed phase. During the evaporation process, cerium is almost as volatile as iron. The 2,000-fold cerium depletion found in some refractory inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites was reproduced in the evaporation experiment and can be readily explained as a result of evaporation of preexisting meteoritic material. Kinetic isotopic fractionation of magnesium, oxygen, and silicon follows the Rayleigh distillation law during the laboratory evaporation of synthetic solar composition material. This implies that the residue is well mixed during the evaporation process and that the evaporation kinetic processes (both chemical and isotopic) are surface reaction-controlled. The isotopic mass fractionation factors are lower than those predicted from theoretical calculations by using the square root of mass ratios of likely evaporating species. Thus, the surface reaction is more complicated than decomposition into single gas species of each element.
A coupled ordinates method for solution acceleration of rarefied gas dynamics simulations

Non-equilibrium rarefied flows are frequently encountered in a wide range of applications, including atmospheric re-entry vehicles, vacuum technology, and microscale devices. Rarefied flows at the microscale can be effectively modeled using the ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (ESBGK) form of the Boltzmann kinetic equation. Numerical solutions of these equations are often based on the finite volume method (FVM) in physical space and the discrete ordinates method in velocity space. However, existing solvers use a sequential solution procedure wherein the velocity distribution functions are implicitly coupled in physical space, but are solved sequentially in velocity space. This leads to explicit coupling of the distribution function values in velocity space and slows down convergence in systems with low Knudsen numbers. Furthermore, this also makes it difficult to solve multiscale problems or problems in which there is a large range of Knudsen numbers. In this paper, we extend the coupled ordinates method (COMET), previously developed to study participating radiative heat transfer, to solve the ESBGK equations. In this method, at each cell in the physical domain, distribution function values for all velocity ordinates are solved simultaneously. This coupled solution is used as a relaxation sweep in a geometric multigrid method in the spatial domain. Enhancements to COMET to account for the non-linearity of the ESBGK equations, as well as the coupled implementation of boundary conditions, are presented. The methodology works well with arbitrary convex polyhedral meshes, and is shown to give significantly faster solutions than the conventional sequential solution procedure. Acceleration factors of 5-9 are obtained for low to moderate Knudsen numbers on single processor platforms.
The Relevance of Politically Relevant Dyads

Relevant dyads are pairs of contiguous states or pairs of states including at least one major power. They are argued to be the population of dyads at risk of international conflict and are increasingly commonly used as the cases analyzed by conflict researchers. Does reliance on relevant dyads (a nonrandom sample of all dyads) introduce threats to valid inference? The authors argue that relevant dyad usage might introduce related problems of measurement error and selection bias and investigate whether there is evidence of such potential problems existing in actual relevant dyad data sets. Results show evidence for both types of potential problems, but neither problem substantively affects estimates of conflict relationships. Therefore, relevant dyad usage is not especially objectionable due to either of these problems, and retrospective sampling might be an even more profitable course for future research.
Traumatic asphyxia: report of a case.

The clinical syndrome characterized by subcon­ junctival and periorbital hemorrhage, facial edema and cyanosis, combined with ecchymotic hemor­ rhages on the upper chest and face is called trau­ matic asphyxia. In 1837, Ollivier first described the syndrome after performing autopsies on several persons trampled to death in a riot in France. t He coined the term "masque ecchyrnotique,' or ec­ chyrnotic mask for the facial features noted in the victims. Other terms for the condition are Ollivier's syndrome, traumatic cyanosis, compression cyano. sis ; Perthes' symptom complex, cervicofacial cuta­ neous asphyxia, and cervicofacial static cyanosis.v' Because the facial appearance of pa­ tients with traumatic asphyxia can be indistinguish­ able from those who have sustained trauma to the maxillofacial region, an awareness and understand­ ing of the pathophysiology of this syndrome is im­ portant for the maxillofacial surgeon. The following report describes a classic case of traumatic as­ phyxia followed by a discussion of this interesting entity.
The relationship of high quality day care to middle-class 3-year-olds' language performance

This study investigated the relationship between day care and young children's language performance. A total language score, receptive and expressive language scores, and an IQ score were derived for middle-class, Caucasian 3-year-olds whose families were intact and who had attended high quality day care since infancy. These scores were then compared with those of their home-reared counterparts. Parent questionnaires were developed to solicit information about other variables thought to affect language development. These variables included parents' income and education, child's birth order, quantity and type of verbal stimulation by parents, and parents' child care time. Results show that home and day care children do not differ on IQ or any of the three dependent language measures. IQ was found to be th strongest predictor of language performance, with birth order ranking second. Fathers' language activity time was significantly related to language performance, as was parents' education level. Further, day care fathers reported spending twice as much child care time as home care fathers; home and day care mothers reported approximately equal child care time.
Transmission of 256 Gb/s PM-16QAM and 128 Gb/s PM-QPSK Signals over Long-Haul and Submarine Systems with Span Lengths Greater than 100 km

Transmission systems with span lengths averaging 112.3 km using ultra-low loss, large effective area fiber are used to demonstrate transmission of 20 PM-16QAM signals over more than 2,300 km and 20 PM-QPSK signals more than 14,400 km. For 40 channels, the 128 Gb/s PM-QPSK system has a reach more than 7,400 km with 3 dB margin over the FEC threshold.
Adapting human lifestyles for the 21st century

A number of ecological problems (e.g., global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, acid rain) have been identified, which threaten to reduce the quality of human life in the 21st century. These problems are human produced, resulting primarily from over-population and over-consumption. Alterations in people's awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors may stimulate changes in their political and economic systems, which in turn might foster the kind of lifestyle changes that could mitigate these ecological problems. Psychologists can play a role in helping individuals and systems advance toward the goal of becoming a sustainable society: one that satisfies its current needs without jeopardizing the prospects of future generations.
Confocal Microscopy of Cataracts from Animal Model Systems: Relevance to Human Nuclear Cataract

A recent study demonstrated that cytosolic lipid membrane structures, independent of the plasma membrane, preferentially occurred in human cataractous lenses. Animal model systems of cataractogensis (selenite treated rats; galactose fed rats; buthionine-sulfoxime treated mice; Emory mice) were screened for possible relevant structures using the lipid membrane probe DiI and confocal microscopy. Well delineated plasma membranes of lens fiber cells with independent cytosolic staining structures were only observed in the selenite model system. These cytosolic structures were not observed in aged matched control lenses or within the transparent cortical regions of selenite treated animals with intense nuclear opacification. These results suggested that the morphological changes in DiI staining structures seen in the nucleus of the human cataractous lens were best approximated by those seen in the selenite model system.
Minimizing the number of late jobs for the permutation flowshop problem with secondary resources

This paper considers a permutation flowshop problem with secondary resources with the objective of minimizing the number of tardy jobs. The number of secondary resources assigned to the machines (workcenters), as well as the allocation of resources among the various machines, will play a significant role in the time required to process each job by its specified due date. This problem finds application in a large number of environments including manufacturing, maintenance, warehousing operations, as well as in healthcare. The research presents a lower bound for the permutation flowshop problem and evaluates its performance against the optimal solution for small, medium, and large instances. Several heuristics, including neighborhood search and simulated annealing, are presented to generate the secondary resource assignment and the allocation of jobs to the schedule. The computational complexity of the lower bound and computational examples for the heuristics are discussed.
TSH and catecholamine response to TRH in panic disorder

A relationship between panic disorder (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is supported by the frequent co-occurrence, common familial prevalence, and similar pharmacological treatment in the two disorders (Breier et al. 1985). Two recent studies found a reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in 40% (Hamlin and Pottash 1986) and 33% (RoyByrne et al. 1986) of PD patients, which is similar to that seen in MDD (Loosen and Prange 1982). Thyrotmpin-releasing hormone has been found to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamines in animals (Rastogi et al. 1980; Brown 198 1; Tsay and Lin 1982), and blood pressure (Borowski et al. 1984) and mood (Prange et al. 1979) in humans. This study examined TRH-induced changes in TSH, pmlactin, plasma catecholamines, heart rate, blood pressure, and state anxiety and depression in patients with PD compared to normals.
The effects of interdune vegetation changes on eolian dune field evolution: a numerical-modeling case study at Jockey's Ridge, North Carolina, USA

Changes in vegetation cover within dune fields can play a major role in how dune fields evolve. To better understand the linkage between dune field evolution and interdune vegetation changes, we modified Werner's (Geology, 23, 1995: 1107–1110) dune field evolution model to account for the stabilizing effects of vegetation. Model results indicate that changes in the density of interdune vegetation strongly influence subsequent trends in the height and area of eolian dunes. We applied the model to interpreting the recent evolution of Jockey's Ridge, North Carolina, where repeat LiDAR surveys and historical aerial photographs and maps provide an unusually detailed record of recent dune field evolution. In the absence of interdune vegetation, the model predicts that dunes at Jockey's Ridge evolve towards taller, more closely-spaced, barchanoid dunes, with smaller dunes generally migrating faster than larger dunes. Conversely, the establishment of interdune vegetation causes dunes to evolve towards shorter, more widely-spaced, parabolic forms. These results provide a basis for understanding the increase in dune height at Jockey's Ridge during the early part of the twentieth century, when interdune vegetation was sparse, followed by the decrease in dune height and establishment of parabolic forms from 1953-present when interdune vegetation density increased. These results provide a conceptual model that may be applicable at other sites with increasing interdune vegetation cover, and they illustrate the power of using numerical modeling to model decadal variations in eolian dune field evolution. We also describe model results designed to test the relative efficacy of alternative strategies for mitigating dune migration and deflation. Installing sand-trapping fences and/or promoting vegetation growth on the stoss sides of dunes are found to be the most effective strategies for limiting dune advance, but these strategies must be weighed against the desire of many park visitors to maintain the natural state of the dunes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minor houses/minor architecture

Deleuze and Guattari develop a notion of “minor literature” in their short book on Kafka, and the opposition major/minor has been used with varying degrees of success by critics working in a range of disciplines including architectural theory. Teasing out the potentially subversive implications of the major/minor opposition requires reading it in relation to other binarisms developed by Deleuze and Guattari in those same years, e.g., state/nomadic science, striated/smooth space, optic/haptic, as well as Guattari’s useful concept “machinic heterogenesis.” Then, one ends up with a minor architecture concerned with partially subversive practices rather than with structure per se. A building’s minor status is figured through its deployment in and production of a space that is a technological, social and political pattern as well as a line of flight. This paper reads minor architecture by examining the minor house built by Henry David Thoreau at Walden Pond and those currently being assembled by the Mad Housers in Atlanta, Georgia.
Theory for melting anomalies in adsorbate systems

Abstract Melting anomalies, observed in a variety of adsorbate systems such as N 2 , Ar or CH 4 on TiO 2 and H 2 O absorbed in coal, Al 2 0 3 , zeolite, or porous glass, are shown to be manifestations of the melting characteristics of small molecular clusters. The theoretical results show not only that melting is a continuous phenomenon for small aggregates, but that for clusters consisting of ten to twenty molecules, melting may commence at temperatures considerably lower than the bulk melting point. Comparison between the theory and experimental data yields excellent agreement.
Effect of decision weights and internal noise on the growth of d' with N.

A general finding of psychoacoustic studies is that detectability d' of a noisy signal grows less than optimally with the number N of independent observations of the signal. Competing accounts implicate internal noise common to all observations or nonoptimal decision weights given to observations. A discriminant analysis of listeners’ trial-by-trial responses in a multitone level-discrimination task favored the latter account.
Social Density: Its Effects on Behaviors and Perceptions of Preschoolers

The effects of social density on the behaviors and perceptions of 5-year-old children in four- and eight-person groups were investigated. In addition, differential effects of density for sex and for preferred personal space were examined. From a factor analysis of observed behaviors and self-reported perceptions, five factors emerged:Activity-Aggression-Anger, Positive Interactions, Distress-and-Nonplay, Feeling Bad, andAvoidance. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed; significant main effects were found for density and for sex. A univariate analysis of variance for each factor demonstrated that in the crowded condition there was significantly moreActivity-Aggression-Anger, moreDistress-and-Nonplay and fewerPostive Interactions than in the uncrowded condition. In the high density condition the frequency ofActivity-Aggression-Anger for boys increased significantly more than it did for girls. No effects for density on Avoidance were found, and there were no differential effects for density on preferred personal space. Several indications of developmental differences in crowding effects were found when the present findings are compared with those of other studies.
Cotinine concentrations in follicular fluid as a measure of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: Inter-matrix comparisons with urine and temporal variability

We examined the relationship between cotinine measures in follicular fluid (FF) and urine to inform our exposure assessment strategy for an ongoing epidemiological study of secondhand tobacco smoke (STS) exposure and early pregnancy loss. Among subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), we compared cotinine levels in paired urine and FF samples from the same women and examined FF cotinine levels over time. We found a weak rank-order relationship (Spearman r < 0.2) and poor agreement for classifying nonsmoking individuals as exposed to STS (sensitivity = 0.29–0.71; specificity = 0.35–0.72) between cotinine concentrations in FF and urine. We observed fair reliability (ICC = 0.42–0.52) in FF cotinine concentrations from women undergoing multiple IVF cycles. If available, FF cotinine concentrations may be desired as a biomarker of low-level tobacco smoke exposure over urinary cotinine in studies of early reproduction. Collection of multiple FF samples for cotinine analysis may be needed to accurately represent long-term STS exposure.
Adenosine A2A Activation Attenuates Nontransplantation Lung Reperfusion Injury

Background Lung reperfusion injury is a significant problem in cardiothoracic surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that an adenosine A2A agonist can attenuate lung reperfusion injury in a lung transplantation model. There has been little work, however, examining its effects in the setting of nontransplant ischemia reperfusion. Our hypothesis was that an A2A agonist would attenuate lung reperfusion injury in a warm ischemia hilar clamping model. Study design Sprague Dawley rats underwent 90 min of left hilar clamping followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Group 1 (n = 13) received an intravenous infusion of 0.06 ug/kg/min of ATL-146e, which was started 10 min before reperfusion. Group 2 (n = 16) received an equivalent saline infusion. A third sham group (n = 14) received the same protocol as Group 2 but no lung ischemia. Results Animals receiving ATL-146e showed significant improvements in oxygenation (Group 1: 447 ± 26.02 mmHg versus Group 2: 223 ± 24.46 mmHg (P Conclusions ATL-146e, an adenosine analogue that is a specific agonist for the A2A receptor, attenuates reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat lung model. Arterial blood gas measurements demonstrate a statistically significant increase in oxygenation and improved ventilation.
Factors inhibiting a national hurricane policy

This article contrasts relatively disjointed federal policy dealing with the hurricane hazard with more coordinated federal policy dealing with earthquakes. A comparison between the two hazards is appropriate because of important similarities. However, significant differences between these disasters make the creation of national policy dealing with the hurricane hazard more difficult. These differences include distinctive features of the hurricane hazard and, in particular, features of the policy community that works on the hurricane hazard. Differences between the earthquake and hurricane policy communities reveal the factors that inhibit policymaking. Prospects for a more comprehensive national policy to deal with the hurricane hazard are assessed.
Adaptive array CFAR detection

Presented here is a large class of adaptive array detection algorithms with constant false alarm rate (CFAR), so that the false alarm rate can be set to any preassigned number without knowledge of the noise covariance matrix. This class map incorporate any usual method of cell averaging and any method for array weight vector synthesis. A sufficient condition for CFAR is derived, which is easy to satisfy in practice. Basic system parameters are discussed. An example of detection performance for a simple cell-averaging detector, in which the array weight vector is synthesized by the method of diagonal loading, is provided using Monte Carlo simulations. >
Structural analysis and expression of a chromosomal gene encoding an avian Na+K+-ATPase β1-subunit

Abstract Chicken chromosomal DNA encoding the Na + K + -ATPase β1-subunit was cloned and characterized. Its exon-intron structure is identical to mammalian (human and rat) β1-subunit genes. The transcription initiation site, TATA box, and an ATTGG (antisense CCAAT) sequence follow approximately 1 kilobase of GC-rich 5′ upstream sequence that contains many consensus sequences for transcription factors whose relative positions are conserved between human and chicken genes. When this β1-subunit gene was stably incorporated into mouse L cells and C2C12 cells, the avian β1-subunit was expressed under the control of the its own promoter.
Residual generation and fault detection for discrete-time systems using an l∞ technique

The paper presents a new design for a robust output observer and demonstrates that it can be used to detect sensor faults in uncertain systems with output disturbances. The time-domain design uses an l ∞ technique to minimize a norm of the estimation error. The estimation error forms a residual signal that is the basis for fault detection, fault isolation and disturbance rejection. The minimum detectable fault and the maximum non-detectable fault are introduced to quantify the sensitivity of the detection scheme at a given alarm threshold. These quantities are obtained as solutions to non-convex optimization problems.
A Review of Treatment Research for Aggressive and Disruptive Behavior in the Mentally Retarded.

This study reviews current treatment research on aggression of mentally retarded persons. Twenty-seven studies meet methodological criteria from an initial pool of 47. All the studies reviewed were empirical and had been published in national and internationally recognized journals. Treatments were behavioral and level of mental retardation and ages of the persons studied varied widely. Age and level of mental retardation proved to be significant factors in predicting treatment outcome. Also, it was found that some types of behaviors were treated more frequently than others, with inappropriate verbal responses being the most common, followed by aggression toward others and noncompliance. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Novel fixation method of a periprosthetic fracture of the acetabulum using burr holes through the retained cup for locking screw fixation

The incidence of periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum associated with a total hip arthroplasty is relatively low but may be increasing. Treatment options depend upon the stability of the prosthesis. In this case, we report an unusual fracture pattern where a large portion of posterior column remained osseointegrated to a displaced uncemented acetabular component and removal of the cup would have resulted in massive structural bone loss and potential pelvic discontinuity. A metal cutting burr was used to create additional screw holes in the cup to allow us to retain the original implant and also obtain fixation of the fracture. The patient had a good outcome at one year with a healed fracture, stable implant, and excellent function. To our knowledge, this technique has not been previously described and offers surgeons an approach to fix these challenging fractures.
Cross-reactivity between human and murine lymphocyte antigens, iii. Reactivity of h-2 allo- and xenoantisera with human lymphoid cells.

H-2 alloantisera and antimouse lymphocyte xenoantisera react with 14%–100% of human lymphocytes from a panel of at least 80 unrelated people. Population and family studies did not reveal HL-A specificity of such lymphocytotoxic antibodies but indicated that the antibodies are directed against polymorphic antigenic determinants inherited in association with HL-A antigens. H-2 allo- and xenoantisera absorbed with human lymphoid cells and a panel of platelets bearing all the known HL-A specificities were still cytolytic when tested against murine lymphocytes, suggesting that only a small proportion of the heterogeneous population of H-2 antibodies react with human lymphocytes. On the other hand, HL-A alloantisera could be absorbed by lymphocytes from certain murine strains. These results suggest that the crossreactivity between human and murine lymphocytes is caused by antigens common to several HL-A (or H-2) types or by antigens linked to HL-A but not identical with them.
General factors governing the efficiency of luminescent devices

Factors which determine the luminescence efficiency of activated wide band gap materials are discussed in general terms. These materials find usage in a large variety of luminescent devices. The factors affecting the efficiency can be classified into two broad categories. The first has been thoroughly studied and entails interactions which lead to nonradiative dissipation of optical energy at the specific active site. The second set concerns interactions leading to the delocalization and the transport of optical energy away from the originally excited state. Recent spectroscopic results from these studies have allowed the absolute placement of the ground state of the active centers with respect to the intrinsic bands of the host crystal and have allowed us to elucidate the systematics of such placement. These results are relevant to materials which evince the property of persistent phosphorescence and which are of our current interest. Developments in these materials, as well as a number of new applications, will be touched upon.
Overgrowth syndromes with complex vascular anomalies

Management of overgrowth syndromes with complex vascular anomalies is challenging. Careful analysis of the various clinical features by an interdisciplinary team of physicians experienced in this field is paramount to proper diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this article, we focus on the spectrum of the clinical presentation and the management strategies of the most common overgrowth syndromes with complex vascular anomalies.
Development and validation of a patient satisfaction scale for musculoskeletal care.

Objective To test the hypothesis that 3 distinct domains of patient satisfaction with musculoskeletal care—satisfaction with the office environment, provider–patient interaction, and treatment outcomes—can be measured reliably and, when considered separately, are more valid indicators of satisfaction than global measures. Methods Three hundred ninety-nine outpatients who presented with knee or shoulder pain were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. We measured patient satisfaction with musculoskeletal care by adapting a widely used generic satisfaction survey. Results Each domain of the scale was internally consistent, with Cronbach's alphas for satisfaction with the office environment, provider–patient interaction, and treatment outcome subscales of 0.68, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Validity correlations demonstrated the greater specificity of the subscales than global measures for particular aspects of musculoskeletal care. Conclusions The musculoskeletal-specific satisfaction scale has excellent reliability and good discriminant validity. From a policy perspective, the distinct subscale structure is critical because problems within each domain may have different remedies.
Specific Receptors and Growth Effects of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in a Human Cell Line Derived From Mixed Mesodermal Tumor of the Uterus

Objective:Mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus are highly malignant. The purpose of our present study was to investigate possible roles of insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) in the growth and development of these tumors.Methods:Specific binding and growth effects of insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II were studied in SK-UT-1 cells, derived from a human mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterus. The receptors were further characterized by competitive binding and chemical cross-linking studies.Results:Binding studies with 125I-insulin, 125I-IGF-I, and 125I-IGF-II revealed the presence of specific binding sites for these three growth factors. Specificity studies revealed that the binding sites for IGF-I and IGF-II are distinct. Binding of IGF-II was much higher than insulin and IGF-I binding. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the cell line has a higher number of IGF-II receptors (100,000 sites per cell) than insulin (1400 sites per cell) and IGF-1 (1200 sites per cell) ...
Immunohistochemical Reactivity of Basal and Luminal Epithelium-specific Cytokeratin Antibodies within Normal and Neoplastic Canine Mammary Glands

Human basal epithelium (myoepithelium)-specific (312C8-1) and luminal epithelium-specific (13H5) cytokeratin antibodies were applied to frozen sections of normal canine mammary tissues (seven), benign adenomas and hyperplasias (five), mixed tumors (12), and adenocarcinomas (18) to determine if epithelial subsets could be discriminated by the use of an avidin biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical procedure. The 312C8-1 and 13H5 antibodies were consistently reactive with basal and luminal epithelium, respectively, in the normal mammary gland (7/7) and in benign adenomas and hyperplasias (5/5). Mixed mammary tumors had similar basal and luminal epithelial reactivity and also had proliferating spindle-shaped stromal cells that were reactive with 312C8-1 (10/12) and 13H5 (4/12). The adenocarcinomas were subclassified into basal, luminal, and basal/luminal on the basis of 312C8-1 reactivity (4/18), 13H5 reactivity (2/18), and dual reactivity with mutually exclusive anatomic distribution (11/18), respectively. Those tumors with dual immunoreactivity were indicative of noninvasive carcinomas. Dogs with neoplasms that were reactive with 312C8-1 and nonreactive with 13H5 had local recurrence or distant metastasis within 2 weeks to 6 months after diagnosis. Other antibodies used for comparison were pan cytokeratin AE1/AE3, actin HHF35, and vimentin. 312C8-1 and 13H5 antibodies are specific for canine mammary basal and luminal epithelium, respectively, and by employing these antibodies, the origin and differentiation of canine mammary neoplasms can be determined more accurately than on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue alone.
Local consequences of a global model for mountain pine beetle massattack

A coupled partial differential equation model for interaction between mountain pine beetles (MPBs) and lodgepole pine is reviewed. An asymptotic cone-tree' solution is examined and the time-scale of the chemical response discussed. The equations are decoupled making an adiabatic assumption for MPB chemotaxis, and a 'local' projection is made using the leading eigenfunction for the MPB density equation. This projection yields a system of ordinary differential equations for the spatio-temporal response ui a single tree. These equations are analyzed, nnd their behavior compared with observations.
Confronting economic profit with hierarchy theory: The concept of gain in ecology

Contemporary problems are often complicated by values intruding into the arena of material systems. But there have always been values in biology and social science because they are required to assess how biosocial structures have models embodying purpose as an issue separate from the models of the scientists. Values are addressed seriously in economic discourses, and other discussions will benefit from paying attention to how the dismal science does that. Economic notions of profit have values embedded in them in a way that generally does not occur in ecology and the other natural sciences. Here we generalize profit as gain in settings beyond strict economics in a way that encourages placing values properly in biological and historical social systems. Complications of elaborate control quickly enter the scene at this point and in this paper we invoke hierarchy theory to keep levels of analysis straight. Hierarchy theory often invokes dualities and a mix of process and structure that is fluid under changes in level of analysis. Beyond this, the things the hierarchy represents changes over time, so we must extend discourse of level of analysis to include how time forces the use of new levels of analysis as hierarchies change over time. Notions of gain and profit are recursive as the system uses resources and must change strategies to deal with scarcity. This in turn forces increases in efficiency in yet a new round of change. The transition from abundant resources used carelessly to scarce resources used efficiently changes controls in biosocial systems. Such changes over time amount to hierarchical restructuring, which in turn requires of the observer meticulous application of new levels of analysis as the system is redefined. The system bounded at a new hierarchical level encounters dualities embedded in the hierarchical concept of the holon. The holon offers a precision of definition of the new system as it exists as an autonomous whole while still being part of some larger system. We introduce these shifts and dualities using examples from nuclear energy, colonial insects and changes in complex societies such as the Roman Empire and the EU. In the end both ideas of profit and hierarchy theory are clarified in a two-way exchange that moves forward our understanding of biosocial systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intense Neutron Source

A ScD2 target film 5×10-5 m thick, tested in a UHV compatible 200 keV deuterium accelerator baked to 470°C, maintained a D-D neutron output rate of 1.0-1.2×1011 /s for 80 out of 140 hours of operation. This result demonstrates that a D-T neutron generator capable of a neutron output rate of 1×1013 /s and having a target lifetime suitable for cancer therapy is possible. Contrary to sputter rate data, ErD2 target films appear to erode about twice as fast as ScD2 films, making ErD2 unsuitable as a target material. A low pressure ion source has been developed to replace the high pressure duopigatron. Experiments have verified that the single ring magnetic cusp ion source can deliver 200 mA of deuterium ions (-60% D+) at 10-15 A of arc current with a background deuterium pressure of 0.27-0.40 Pa. This source will improve the safety of a D-T machine by reducing the tritium inventory by a factor of 6, and by utilizing the Zr-Al getter as the gas reservoir.
Hypofractionated Dose-Painting Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Prospective Trial

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of dose-painting intensity-modulated radiation therapy (DP-IMRT) with a hypofractionated regimen to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with concomitant toxicity reduction. Methods and Materials From October 2002 through April 2007, 25 newly diagnosed NPC patients were enrolled in a prospective trial. DP-IMRT was prescribed to deliver 70.2 Gy using 2.34-Gy fractions to the gross tumor volume for the primary and nodal sites while simultaneously delivering 54 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions to regions at risk of microscopic disease. Patients received concurrent and adjuvant platin-based chemotherapy similar to the Intergroup 0099 trial. Results Patient and disease characteristics are as follows: median age, 46; 44% Asian; 68% male; 76% World Health Organization III; 20% T1, 52% T2, 16% T3, 12% T4; 20% N0, 36% N1, 36% N2, 8% N3. With median follow-up of 33 months, 3-year local control was 91%, regional control was 91%, freedom from distant metastases was 91%, and overall survival was 89%. The average mean dose to each cochlea was 43 Gy. With median audiogram follow-up of 14 months, only one patient had clinically significant (Grade 3) hearing loss. Twelve percent of patients developed temporal lobe necrosis; one patient required surgical resection. Conclusions Preliminary findings using a hypofractionated DP-IMRT regimen demonstrated that local control, freedom from distant metastases, and overall survival compared favorably with other series of IMRT and chemotherapy. The highly conformal boost to the tumor bed resulted low rates of severe ototoxicity (Grade 3–4). However, the incidence of in-field brain radiation necrosis indicates that 2.34 Gy per fraction is not safe in this setting.
Virtual art revisited

Virtual reality art at the turn of the millenium saw an explosion of creative exploration around this nascent technoloy. Though VR art has much in common with media art in general, the affordances of the technology gave rise to unique experiences, discourses, and artistic investigations. Women artists were at the forefront of the medium, shaping its aesthetic and technical development, and VR fostered a range of artistic concerns and experimentation that was largely distinct from closely related forms such as digital games. Today, a new wave of consumer technologies including 3D TV’s, gestural and motion tracking interfaces, and headmount displays as viable, low-cost gaming peripherals drives a resurgence in interest in VR for interactive art and entertainment. Designers, game developers, and artists working with these technologies are in many cases discovering them anew. This paper explores ways of reconnecting this current moment in VR with its past. Can the artistic investigations begun in previous waves of VR be continued? How do the similarities and differences in contexts, communities, technologies, and discourses affect the development of the medium?
MOLECULAR MOBILITIES AND THE LOWERED OSMOLALITY OF THE CHROMAFFIN GRANULE AQUEOUS PHASE

Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, have been measured in whole adrenal medullary tissue slices, in suspensions of isolated chromaffin granules, in the reconcentrated chromaffin granule lysate, and in various model solutions containing catecholamines. ATP, chromogranins and Ca2+. Reorientational correlation times have been calculated at 10 degrees C using T1 data and nuclear Overhauser enhancements for protonated carbons on both catecholamines and nucleotides. Correlation times in all media are relatively short and characteristic of highly fluid aqueous phases. Adrenalin and ATP exhibit substantial differences in correlation times in all media, however, the ratio tau R (ATP): tau R(catecholamine) ranging from 2.4 in simple 3:1 adrenalin-ATP solutions to 4 in intact chromaffin granules. This difference, as well as the relatively high absolute reorientational mobilities of both components, confirms the importance of labile ionic interactions between ATP and catecholamines, but rules out the presence of high concentrations of base-stacked structures. Participation of the chromogranins in ternary complexes with catecholamines and ATP appears to be of minor importance. Ionic interactions to the protein are not reflected in either 13C T1 values or chemical shifts of arginine or glutamate sidechain resonances, or in the 13C chemical shifts of ATP or catecholamines. Very labile protein-ATP binding appears to be reflected in the correlation time measurements, however, which show selective immobilization of ATP relative to catecholamine in the presence of soluble protein. Osmotic measurements indicate that solutions containing adrenaline, ATP and Ca2+ are highly nonideal, but probably not sufficiently so to account fully for the osmotic stabilization of the chromaffin through their polyelectrolyte properties, exert a significant influence on the intragranular osmolality. The osmotic lowering due to polyion-counterion interactions has been estimated semiquantitatively using a theory developed by Oosawa.