cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
0083 Occupational Injuries at the Community Level

Objectives Low wage and immigrant workers suffer an excess of injuries and are often difficult to reach. There is a need to identify alternative forums for health and safety training. The aim of this study was to determine whether injured workers cluster by geographic area; this would serve as a basis for targeting occupational health and safety interventions at the community level. Method Work-related injuries from the Illinois Trauma Registry were extracted and mapped by residential zipcode for 2000–2009. Injury data was merged with employment data. Results There were 23 200 work-related injuries. Of the 1382 zipcodes, 79.3% of the injuries occurred among residents living in 20% of the zipcodes. 21.2% of the work-related injuries (N = 4914) occurred in the 25 zipcodes with the highest counts. We identified six spatial clusters. In the 25 ZIP codes with the highest rates of injuries among employed persons, less than 1% of the injuries occurred in these zipcodes (N = 99). Conclusions Training at the community level could reduce workplace injury and is needed to augment the void in workplace training. Alternative datasets, not originally designed for occupational surveillance, could be useful for identifying communities with occupational injury and illness clusters. The validity and usefulness of these datasets should be further assessed, and the communities in which these clusters occur should be mapped to identify community level infrastructure that could be leveraged for training interventions. A bridge should be created between occupational medicine, governmental institutions, social work and community advocacy in order to make a community intervention program viable.
Expression of Beta-catenin Oncoprotein in Nuclear Pseudo-inclusions of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Introduction: Nuclear pseudoinclusions are one of the most specific pathologic features in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the biologic nature of these pseudo-inclusions is largely unknown. Beta-catenin is an oncoprotein involved in Wnt signaling pathway which is activated in several malignancies including PTC. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of beta-catenin in PTC and hyalinizing trabecular adenoma (HTA), with particular focus on its expression in pseudoinclusions, both on histologic sections and on cytologic specimens. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 13 cases, including 8 cases of PTC and 5 cases of HTA, was applied in this study. Beta-catenin immunohistochemitry was performed on histology block recuts and cytology slides of each case. The beta-catenin labeling index of pseudoinclusions was counted in 15 high power fields and calculated in comparison with those counted on immediate next H&E stained histologic slides. Cytology slides were digitally scanned before destaining and restaining with beta-catenin. The number of beta-catenin-labeled pseudo-inclusions was compared with those digitally scanned slides. Results: On histologic sections, neoplastic cells from both PTC and HTA show much stronger membranous staining pattern of beta-catenin, compared to adjacent normal follicles or colloid nodules. However, labeling index of beta-catenin for nuclear pseudo-inclusions is significantly different between PTC and HTA. Strong intranuclear staining of beta-catenin was seen in 93.5% (range of 72-100%) of the pseudoinclusions in PTC, while only 6.4% (range of 0-13%) of pseudo-inclusions in HTA showed positive staining pattern (p<0.001). For cytologic slides, although it demonstrated similarly strong membranous staining pattern for beta-catenin in PTC cells, none of the nuclear pseudo-inclusions in both PTC and HTA was labeled with beta-catenin antibody on cytologic smears. Conclusions: Overexpression of the beta-catenin oncoprotein was seen in majority of the nuclear pseudo-inclusions in PTC, but only rarely seen in HTA. This differential expression suggests that activation of the betacatenin is likely involved in the formation of “malignant peudoinclusions” in PTC, but not in “benign peudoinclusions” in HTA. The failure of betacatenin labeling of pseudoinclusions on cytologic slides may be in part attributed to inability of the antibody to penetrate into nucleus through the intact cell membranes in cytologic preparations.
Parameters of the Self in Pasternak's “Safe Conduct”

(1995). Parameters of the Self in Pasternak's “Safe Conduct”. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 52-67.
An online decision support system for diagnosing hematopoietic malignancies by flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

A knowledge-based decision support system to interpret online flow cytometry results for hematologic malignacies has been developed in this study as a complete client-server application. The list mode data files are loaded to the system where gating, dot plot, histogram and contour plot have been performed. Upon gating, the CD marker results are generated as a percentage with associated positive or negative designation. Differential diagnosis with different confidence levels is generated based on a semantic network of knowledge base embedded in an extensible mark up language (XML). Java programming is used to implement the inference engine where tree structure and search algorithm are employed. A set of 273 flow cytometry list mode data files are fed into the system and diagnosis was correctly included in top three differential diagnoses in 94% of all cases tested.
Continental rifting and sediment infill in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

The opening of the Gulf of Mexico was an important Mesozoic tectonic event that provides new insight in the role of magmatism and lithospheric stresses in the initiation of continental rifting. A new seismic velocity profile based on seismic refraction data in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico offshore Texas, where the basin started opening in the Early Jurassic, shows a rifted margin with strong lateral heterogeneity beneath the shelf and slope. The structure of the thinned crust is consistent with large-scale extensional faulting and moderate amounts of synrift magmatism before continental breakup. These new seismic constraints do not indicate the presence of a volcanic margin along the Texas coast, as has sometimes been proposed based on magnetic data. The Laurentian continental lithosphere of central Texas may have been too thick at the onset of rifting (>100 km) to let magmatic diking control the extension. In contrast, the continental lithosphere of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico may have been thinner, such that magma-assisted rifting formed a volcanic margin there later in the Jurassic.
Abstract 1858: Analyzing the impact of MDM2 overexpression on cell cycle pathway-related genes using polymerase chain reaction array

The human homologue of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene has been well characterized as a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53. It has been established that p53 regulates genes that are involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair and senescence. MDM2 interacts primarily with p53 in an autoregulatory negative feedback loop and targets it for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation there by attenuating p53 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis functions. Studies have shown that MDM2 also exerts its effects via p53 independent pathways. These p53-independent functions of MDM2 may have a role in cancer etiology and progression, yet the exact function and significance of these interactions are not fully understood. MDM2 is overexpressed in more than 40 different types of malignancies, including wide varieties of carcinomas and sarcomas, which is believed to be associated with worse clinical prognosis and increased likelihood of distant metastases. Hence, MDM2 is proving to be a key player in human cancer and thus an important target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MDM2 overexpression on cell cycle pathways by using LNCaP prostate cancer cells and MDM2 transfected LNCaP-MST. The LNCaP-MST cells expressed at least 10-folds higher levels of MDM2 mRNA due to transfection. We used the Human Cell Cycle PCR array to compare the gene expression profiles of LNCaP and LNCaP-MST cells. Our experimental results clearly indicated that MDM2 modulates the expression of cell cycle related genes. The following genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in LNCaP-MST cells compared to LNCaP: CCND2, GADD45A, RB1, RBBP8, CDKN1A and TP53. Genes such as BIRC5, CDK1 were found to be significantly up-regulated. Heat map and scatter plot analysis further confirmed the alterations in the expression levels of these genes following the MDM2 overexpression. In addition, cluster analysis further denoted that the gene expression patterns positively correlated with cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our experimental results offer conclusive evidence that MDM2 can impact the cancer growth and metastatic potential by altering the gene expressions in the cell cycle pathway. (The financial support from the Royal Dames of Cancer Research Inc., Ft. Lauderdale is gratefully acknowledged). Citation Format: Priya Dondapati, Thiagarajan Venkatesan, Appu Rathinavelu. Analyzing the impact of MDM2 overexpression on cell cycle pathway-related genes using polymerase chain reaction array. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1858.
Exploration Strategies and Techniques

The scientific tools that are now available and routinely used at geothermal prospects allow for better characterization of the resource before the costly phase of deep well drilling. This chapter discusses five main things that a geothermal program should accomplish. It describes the usual steps in a full exploration program. These steps are necessary to fully characterize the resource. Some of the scientific phases may be combined to save time and to create synergy among the various investigations. The conceptual model of the geothermal system depicts graphically the major subsurface features of the system, including the locations of rock units, faults, and fluid flow paths. The job of creating this map begins with the geologic survey and continues as more data comes in from the other surveys. When the geoscientific survey is completed, it is necessary to synthesize all the acquired data and to draw conclusions based on the totality of the evidence. The best way to visualize the comprehensive picture of the geothermal prospect is to construct, on a workable scale, a composite map, or synthesis map, of the site. The main purpose of the synthesis map is to identify the best targets for the first few deep wells.
BIC-LSU: Big Data Research Integration with Cyberinfrastructure for LSU

In recent years, big data analysis has been widely applied to many research fields including biology, physics, transportation, and material science. Even though the demands for big data migration and big data analysis are dramatically increasing in campus IT infrastructures, there are several technical challenges that need to be addressed. First of all, frequent big data transmission between storage systems in different research groups imposes heavy burdens on a regular campus network. Second, the current campus IT infrastructure is not designed to fully utilize the hardware capacity for big data migration and analysis. Last but not the least, running big data applications on top of large-scale high-performance computing facilities is not straightforward, especially for researchers and engineers in non-IT disciplines.We develop a campus IT cyberinfrastructure for big data migration and analysis, called BIC-LSU, which consists of a task-aware Clos OpenFlow network, high-performance cache storage servers, customized high-performance transfer applications, a light-weight control framework to manipulate existing big data storage systems and job scheduling systems, and a comprehensive social networking-enabled web portal. BIC-LSU achieves 40Gb/s disk-to-disk big data transmission, maintains short average transmission task completion time, enables the convergence of control on commonly deployed storage and job scheduling systems, and enhances easiness of big data analysis with a universal user-friendly interface. BIC-LSU software requires minimum dependencies and has high extensibility. Other research institutes can easily customize and deploy BIC-LSU as an augmented service on their existing IT infrastructures.
Cervical Carotid and Vertebral Arterial Variants

This chapter covers congenital vascular variations in branching or anomalous entry points of vertebral artery (VA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) vasculature. These include common carotid artery (CCA) origin of the VA, external carotid artery (ECA) origin of the VA, duplication of the VA, anomalous entry site of the VA into the vertebral transverse foramen, hypoplastic VA, hypoplastic ICA, and origin of ECA branches from the ICA. Tortuosity that lacks abnormal branching or site of entry is covered in Chap. 34.
Abstract 338: Kidney-specific SPAK Inhibits Activity of the Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter

The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of ion homeostasis, and the maintenance of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. SPAK and OSR1, members of the MAP kinase family, phosphorylate and activate the cation chloride cotransporters NKCC1, NKCC2 and NCC. SPAK and OSR1 are themselves phosphorylated and activated by members of the WNK kinase family. We recently identified a kidney-specific (KS-) SPAK isoform (KS-SPAK) which inhibits phosphorylation of the N-terminus of NKCC2 by SPAK or OSR1 in vitro . Since changes in NKCC2 phosphorylation status have been reported to incompletely correlate with changes in NKCC2 activity, we tested the ability of KS-SPAK to inhibit the activity of NKCC2 in Xenopus oocytes. First, 86 Rubidium ( 86 Rb, equivalent to potassium) uptake experiments were performed under hypertonic (300mOsM) conditions, to maximally activate endogenous SPAK and OSR1 in oocytes. KS-SPAK decreased 86 Rb uptake to 38% of that of oocytes injected with NKCC2 alone, and this inhibition required the conserved carboxy-terminus of SPAK, which interacts with cation cotransporters and WNK kinases. We next tested the ability of KS-SPAK to inhibit the activity of endogenous NKCC1, and observed a 67% reduction in 86 Rb uptake compared with water-injected oocytes, similar to the 73% reduction observed with the NKCC1/NKCC2 inhibitor bumetanide. This inhibition likely involves effects on endogenous SPAK or OSR1, since under hypotonic (160mOSM) conditions, when SPAK is relatively inactive, KS-SPAK did not inhibit endogenous NKCC1 activity, whereas bumetanide still inhibited 86 Rb uptake by water-injected oocytes by 50%. Co-injection of KS-SPAK with SPAK only reversed KS-SPAK inhibition of endogenous NKCC2 activity by 50%, despite a co-injection ratio of SPAK:KS-SPAK of 15:1, suggesting the mechanism of KS-SPAK inhibition may not be simple competition for NKCC2 binding. Another SPAK isoform, SPAK2, which has been proposed to be kinase-inactive, did not inhibit activity of co-injected NKCC2 or endogenous NKCC1 at any tonicity. Together, these data show that KS-SPAK is a potent inhibitor of both NKCC1 and NKCC2 activity, whereas the other putative inhibitory isoform SPAK2 had no effect on their activity.
The use of cache memory in real-time systems

Abstract Real-time computer systems must meet specific deadlines in generating their outputs. As a result, all components of the real-time system must have predictable performance so that hardware resources can be effectively scheduled, ensuring that all deadlines are met. Cache memories, by their nature, have unpredictable access times which result in execution times that may vary significantly for multiple runs of the same program. Varying program-execution times complicate scheduling activities, which may result in missed deadlines. For this reason, cache memories are generally not used in hard real-time systems, and the substantial performance advantages they offer are therefore not realized. This paper describes research whose goal is to make cache memory predictable as seen by the processor, so it can be used in hard real-time systems. This predictability is a result of improving the cache's “worst-case” effective memory-access time, which allows the processor to operate more effficiently thus increasing its ability to meet hard real-time deadlines. By reducing the upper limit execution time (by lowering the worst-case effective memory-access time) performance will increase in a predictable manner without any risk of missing real-time deadlines.
Determinants of Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Implications for Earnings Quality

We examine determinants of internal control deficiencies and their effect on earnings quality using a sample of 261 firms that disclosed material weaknesses from August 2002 to November 2004. We find that material weaknesses in internal control are more likely for firms that are smaller, less profitable, more complex, growing rapidly, or undergoing restructuring. These findings are consistent with firms struggling with their financial reporting controls in the face of a lack of resources, complex accounting issues, or a rapidly changing business environment. Next, we show that firms with material weaknesses in internal control have lower earnings quality, as measured by the extent to which accruals map into cash flows. This relation is robust to the inclusion of discretionary accruals as a proxy for managerial opportunism, as well as proxies for inherent difficulty in accrual estimation (Dechow and Dichev, 2002). Thus, internal control appears to be one of the fundamental drivers of earnings quality. Furthermore, we find that earnings quality is especially poor for those material weaknesses that relate to overall company-level controls, which may be more difficult to "audit around."
Transfusion in transplant patients: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Several transfusion-related complications have particular relevance to the transplant setting. Transfusions reportedly improve solid organ graft survival, especially when the donor and recipient share at least one HLA-DR antigen. Whereas the mechanism for this effect is unclear, less favorable "immunomodulating" effects of transfusion may increase postoperative infections and shorten survival time and disease-free intervals in patients with a variety of malignancies who are undergoing surgery. The contribution of the different components of the blood transfusion to these outcomes remains speculative. Directed donations, especially from relatives and in the setting of a recipient who is immunosuppressed, may give rise to a severe but under-appreciated immunologic consequence of transfusion: graft-versus-host disease. Although still rarely reported, transfusional graft-versus-host disease is almost invariably fatal. This complication is entirely avoidable if the transfused blood product is appropriately gamma-irradiated. Infectious complications remain the most feared consequence of transfusion; the cytomegalovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B and C may run a more fulminant course in transplant patients who are immunosuppressed. Red cell substitutes, hematopoietic growth factors, and autologous transfusion are among the strategies for preventing complications of blood transfusion. With the advent of cyclosporine and more potent and specific immunosuppressive therapies, the desirability of preoperative transfusion for organ grafts warrants reevaluation.
Not all that vesicles is herpes.

Background Eczema coxsackium (EC) can manifest in patients with underlying atopic dermatitis (AD) as a diffuse vesicular rash in a febrile child. The presentation overlaps clinically with the feared diagnosis of eczema herpeticum (EH), which makes differentiating between the conditions very important. Case presentation A 6-month-old girl with known AD presented with fever and rapidly spreading vesicular rash. The patient had multiple exposures including a new antibiotic prescription, introduction of new foods, 6-month vaccinations and a sick contact. She was treated empirically with acyclovir for EH until herpes simplex virus (HSV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) returned negative and enterovirus PCR returned positive. Once the diagnosis of EC was confirmed, antiviral therapy was discontinued and she was treated successfully with supportive measures without sequelae. Conclusions Differentiating EC from EH is important clinically as EC is self-limiting and resolves spontaneously whereas EH may cause severe complications if not treated early. While morphology alone cannot reliably distinguish between the conditions, clinical suspicion based on history can prompt proper testing and improve patient outcomes.
Trajectories of plasma IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and their ratio in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been associated with osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and mortality in middle and older aged adults. Cross-sectionally, IGF-1 decreases with age and levels of IGF-1 are markedly different between individuals. However, little is known about intra-individual trajectories of IGF-1. We examined baseline and serial measures of plasma total IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and their ratio, which is a proxy for bioavailable IGF-1, among 1618 adults, aged 50–95, enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. At baseline, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were strongly correlated (r = 0.62, p
Development and Institutionalisation: Offensive Mining 1906–1909

Mine warfare remained a crucial feature in Royal Navy planning for mounting a blockade of Germany. The chapter explores how this role evolved as the strategic circumstances changed and how the attempts to keep British mining developments secret impacted on the influence of the technology. It goes on to show how the gradual lifting of this veil of secrecy allowed mining to become institutionalised within the fleet.
Desktop-Stereolithography 3D-Printing of a Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Material with Sylgard-184 Properties

The advantageous physiochemical properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have made it an extremely useful material for prototyping in various technological, scientific, and clinical areas. However, PDMS molding is a manual procedure and requires tedious assembly steps, especially for 3D designs, thereby limiting its access and usability. On the other hand, automated digital manufacturing processes such as stereolithography (SL) enable true 3D design and fabrication. Here the formulation, characterization, and SL application of a 3D-printable PDMS resin (3DP-PDMS) based on commercially available PDMS-methacrylate macromers, a high-efficiency photoinitiator and a high-absorbance photosensitizer, is reported. Using a desktop SL-printer, optically transparent submillimeter structures and microfluidic channels are demonstrated. An optimized blend of PDMS-methacrylate macromers is also used to SL-print structures with mechanical properties similar to conventional thermally cured PDMS (Sylgard-184). Furthermore, it is shown that SL-printed 3DP-PDMS substrates can be rendered suitable for mammalian cell culture. The 3DP-PDMS resin enables assembly-free, automated, digital manufacturing of PDMS, which should facilitate the prototyping of devices for microfluidics, organ-on-chip platforms, soft robotics, flexible electronics, and sensors, among others.
Treatment of vascular lesions in pigmented skin with the pulsed dye laser.

Contexte: Certaines lesions vasculaires observees chez des patients afro-americains sont souvent laissees sans traitement etant donne le risque d'effets secondaires locaux. Objectif: Determiner l'efficacite du laser a colorant pulse (FLPD) dans le traitement de malformations vasculaires chez des patients afro-americains. Methodes: Toutes les lesions presentees par trois patients ont ete traitees au laser a colorant pulse regle selon les parametres suivants. Longueur d'onde: 585 nm; taille du spot: 5 mm; duree d'impulsion: 450; et fluence: 6,5 a 8,5 j/cm2. Conclusion: Le laser a colorant pulse a traite efficacement les malformations vasculaires. Des changements transitoires ont ete observes dans la couleur et la texture de la peau aux points de traitement.
Definition des zentralen Venendrucks

Eine sinnvolle Deutung der Mesergebnisse ist nur bei Kenntnis der theoretischen Grundlagen des zentralen Venendrucks moglich. Ebenso ist zum Verstandnis eine Definition unerlaslich.
Well-Defined Metallic and Bimetallic Clusters Supported on Oxides and Zeolites

Immobilized metallic and bimetallic complexes and clusters on oxide or zeolite supports made from well-defined molecular organometallic precursors have drawn wide attention because of their novel size-dependent properties and their potential applications for catalysis. It is speculated that nearly molecular supported catalysts may combine the high activity and selectivity of homogenous catalysts with the ease of separation and robustness of operation of heterogeneous catalysts. This chapter is a review of the synthesis and physical characterization of metallic and bimetallic complexes and clusters supported on metal oxides and zeolites prepared from organometallic precursors of well-defined molecularity and stoichiometry.
Rethinking Design and Learning Processes in Distance Education

In this chapter, we discuss an innovative view of designed instructional artifacts that we feel provides a key to the next-generation concept of distance education—and perhaps for the next-generation concept of designed instructional artifacts of any type. We begin with the assumption that what designers think they are designing guides their choice of the design architecture and of the building blocks they use in their designs. As designers come to think in terms of the new categories of designed artifact, new design abstractions and structures suggest themselves, and innovation in design is a natural result. The broader vision of what is designed at a deep level leads to revising traditional surface categories, which in turn leads designers to ask and answer new design questions.
Ethanol Measurement Using Hetero-Core Structured Optical Fiber Covered with Layer-By-Layer Thin Film

Ethanol measurements are performed in an ethanol/water solution utilizing an ethanol sensor based on a hetero-core structured optical fiber covered with a layer-by-layer thin film. The layer-by-layer (LbL) thin film was prepared using poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and poly styrene sulfonate. When the sensor was immersed in water, the propagating light intensity decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. This behavior suggested that the LbL film contracted due to the presence of ethanol, and the refractive index of the film increased, resulting in increasing propagating light leaks at the hetero-core of the fiber. The ethanol sensor was applied to a variety of spirits, and the propagating light intensity decreased with increasing ethanol concentration.
Detecting seminal research contributions to the development and use of the global positioning system by reference publication year spectroscopy

The global positioning system (GPS) represents one of the most compelling success stories of technology transfer from defense laboratories and academia to the private sector. In this short report, we applied a quantitative analysis to identify landmark research contributions to GPS. This technique, reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS), yielded key insights into early works that allowed for both the development and widespread use of GPS. In addition, using this approach to identify individual contributions of scientific excellence offers an opportunity to credit not only the research investigators, but also their corresponding affiliations and funding sources. Indeed, the findings from our analysis suggest that RPYS might serve as a powerful tool to substantiate the contribution of funding agencies, universities and institutes to research fields. We stress, however, that this method should not stand-alone for such purposes, but should be wedded with the knowledge and experience of subject matter experts.
Study on the Interaction Mechanism between Photovoltaic Power Generation and Power Quality

In the microgrid, the voltage of the access point fluctuates due to the PV power plant connected to the grid, and there is a risk of voltage overrun. In this article, the photovoltaic power generation system access to the power grid and the starting point of the impact of the access point voltage deviation mechanism is analysed, obtaining the two major influencing factors including light intensity and ambient humidity. It also analyzes the effect of light and humidity fluctuation on the fluctuation of bus voltage and uses PSCAD to simulate the mechanism of generating harmonics in photovoltaic power generation system.
Today’s teachers’ CEFR competence in the classroom – a view of critical pedagogy in Vietnam

This paper aims to investigate new perspectives about today’s teachers’ CEFR Competence1 in the classroom under the view of critical pedagogy in Vietnam. The focus is on recognizing teachers’ CEFR competence in their teaching practice and beliefs in the context of Vietnam when developing learners’ CEFR competence. In light of pedagogical innovation and the social-adaptive divergence of English teaching and learning practices, various critical pedagogical perspectives would be analysed using the data collected from 13 Vietnamese teachers teaching learners with various CEFR goals with the instruments of a survey and semi-structured interviews. The data would be processed using Padilla’s technique of unfolding matrix and then classified to be relevant to different categories of CEFR competence in teaching language in today’s Vietnamese society. The findings would be considered in terms of types of teachers’ CEFR competence in teaching to satisfy learners’ goals in their learning. To some extent, teachers showed their unfamiliarity with or alienness to CEFR principles for teaching and learning English in which teachers were aware of and prepared themselves with new abilities, skills, and expectations to strengthen their language competence. The results of this study may be valuable for pedagogical trainers, educators, teachers, and teacher trainees of English at different levels of education and schools where learners represent a diversity of abilities and goals.
Two-Stage Invest–Defend Game: Balancing Strategic and Operational Decisions

Protecting infrastructures and their users against terrorist attacks involves making both strategic and operational decisions in an organization’s hierarchy. Although usually analyzed separately, t...
1234. Mental Models of Surgical Site Infection Prevention Among Surgical Technicians and Nurses

Background Surgical site infections (SSI) are common and costly. Institutions have implemented complex prevention bundles to reduce SSI, but adherence remains challenging. Understanding clinicians’ mental models related to SSI prevention can help develop strategies to improve adherence.
Who is Most Likely to Oppose Federal Tuition-Free College Policies? Investigating Variable Interactions of Sentiments to America’s College Promise

With the conclusion of the 2016 election, Americans were questioning if race and gender identity differences are as prevalent as the election suggests. Attempting to answer that question as it pertains to higher education policy and drawing inspiration from Social Identity Theory, this research utilized thousands of social media comments to analyze the likelihood of standing against the tuition-free policy, America’s College Promise, as determined by source, gender, and race and subsequent variable interactions. To investigate these likelihoods a binomial logistic regression model was calculated. Using marginal estimates, results suggest that separately race and gender are influential factors and of the four sources examined comments from the Fox News source was clearly different than the other three. For most interactions, race is the most dominant influence followed by gender – until interacting with the Fox News source. Next, Bag of Words models were generated to capture tokens (words and phrases) associated to source, gender, and race - and for variable interactions. Uncovered tokens illustrate several obvious differences between political identities and provides nuance to findings and discussion presented. This research concludes by discussing the importance of findings as it relates to intersections of crafting higher education policy and understanding identity differences.
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Database: Presentation

The Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Database includes data on U.S. Chapter 11 cases, including filed motions, objections and judicial rulings.
IXmon: Detecting and Analyzing DRDoS Attacks at Internet Exchange Points.

Distributed reflective denial of service (DRDoS) attacks are a popular choice among adversaries. In fact, one of the largest DDoS attacks ever recorded, reaching a peak of 1.3Tbps against GitHub, was a memcached-based DRDoS attack. More recently, a record-breaking 2.3Tbps attack against Amazon AWS was due to a CLDAP-based DRDoS attack. Although reflective attacks have been known for years, DRDoS attacks are unfortunately still popular and largely unmitigated. In this paper, we study in-the-wild DRDoS attacks observed from a large Internet exchange point (IXP) and provide a number of security-relevant measurements and insights. To enable this study, we first developed IXmon, an open-source DRDoS detection system specifically designed for deployment at large IXP-like network connectivity providers and peering hubs. We deployed IXmon at Southern Crossroads (SoX), an IXP-like hub that provides both peering and upstream Internet connectivity services to more than 20 research and education (R&E) networks in the South-East United States. In a period of about 21 months, IXmon detected more than 900 DRDoS attacks towards 31 different victim ASes. An analysis of the real-world DRDoS attacks detected by our system shows that most DRDoS attacks are short lived, lasting only a few minutes, but that large-volume, long-lasting, and highly-distributed attacks against R&E networks are not uncommon. We then use the results of our analysis to discuss possible attack mitigation approaches that can be deployed at the IXP level, before the attack traffic overwhelms the victim's network bandwidth.
Random Forests Approach for Causal Inference with Clustered Observational Data

There is a growing interest in using machine learning (ML) methods for causal inference due to their (nearly) automatic and flexible ability to model key quantities such as the propensity score or the outcome model. Unfortunately, most ML methods for causal inference have been studied under single-level settings where all individuals are independent of each other and there is little work in using these methods with clustered or nested data, a common setting in education studies. This paper investigates using one particular ML method based on random forests known as Causal Forests to estimate treatment effects in multilevel observational data. We conduct simulation studies under different types of multilevel data, including two-level, three-level, and cross-classified data. Our simulation study shows that when the ML method is supplemented with estimated propensity scores from multilevel models that account for clustered/hierarchical structure, the modified ML method outperforms preexisting methods in a wide variety of settings. We conclude by estimating the effect of private math lessons in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study data, a large-scale educational assessment where students are nested within schools.
Hearing on H.R. 1924, the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2009 Before the Subcommittee of Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security United States House of Representatives December 10, 2009

Professor Creel testifies that incarceration alone cannot address the problem of crime in Indian Country and advocates for additional funding and greater access to effective substance abuse treatment programs, education and job training, and culturally-based re-entry programs. Creel's testimony also emphasizes that Native American defendants in tribal court should be afforded the right to counsel, including the right of court appointed counsel, and due process of law.
Hydrogen bonding control of molecular self-assembly

In this short review we describe approaches to the design and construction of synthetic molecules that mimic the process of self organization that is at the heart of biological complexity. Multi-subunit enzymes, viruses, and higher order DNA structures are formed by the non-covalent association of many smaller components. This self-assembly is controlled by the nature, number and orientation of interacting groups on the surface of the subunits. The central problem lies in overcoming the unfavorable entropy of multi-subunit association by significant enthalpic contribution from the binding of complementary regions on the subunits. We will place particular emphasis on the design of synthetic molecules that use hydrogen bonding interactions to control the formation of aggregates of well-defined structure.
A Discussion of Russell Muirhead and Nancy L. Rosenblum’s A Lot of People Are Saying: The New Conspiracism and the Assault on Democracy

Charge: More than a half-century ago, Richard Hofstadter identified the “paranoid style” as an important feature of American politics. However, in A Lot of People are Saying, Russell Muirhead and Nancy L. Rosenblum argue that a “new” form of conspiracism has begun to infect contemporary American political life. Whereas “old” conspiracy theorists sought hidden evidence to describe why things are not as they seem, Muirhead and Rosenblum argue that purveyors of the new conspiracism make no attempt to substantiate their theories. In light of this fact-free approach, the authors thus warn that contemporary conspiracy theorists pose an unprecedented danger to foundational elements of American democracy, including political parties and knowledge-producing institutions. Moreover, Muirhead and Rosenblum assert, “The new conspiracism moved into the White House with the inauguration of Donald Trump” (p. 1), “the conspiracist in chief” (p. ix). If there is merit to this argument, then the fate of Trump’s reelection bid carries monumental consequences for the future of American democracy, as well as the way in which the United States responds to the unprecedented coronavirus pandemic. We therefore asked a range of scholars to comment on Muirhead’s and Rosenblum’s bold set of claims.
Computer-Assisted Radiographic Differential Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions

SUMMARY The rapid explosion of conceptual and practical developments in this field in the last few decades only hints at the scientific knowledge and opportunity that will be brought to the aid of the clinician in the future. With the tremendous interest in management of information in all sectors of our society, we can expect that the field of clinical decision support will continue to grow rapidly.
Primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma masquerading as a metastatic melanoma: An unusual presentation of a rare disease

Abstract This report describes a 70-year-old male with bilateral primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) characterized as non-germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). PAL is a very rare, aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Our patient presented with B symptoms, chills, and nausea. Imaging studies of his abdomen revealed rapidly enlarging bilateral adrenal masses. Computed tomography (CT) guided left adrenal mass core biopsy showed diffuse sheets of neoplastic cells with irregular nuclear contours, vesicular to hyperchromatic chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. The neoplastic cells demonstrated an immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile consistent with DLBCL. Markers assessing for melanoma and neuroendocrine tumors were negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed BCL6 rearrangement. The diagnosis of primary adrenal DLBCL, non-germinal center subtype, was rendered. The patient’s chemotherapy is ongoing; six cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) induced significant clinical and radiological response. The differential diagnosis is broad in patients with adrenal insufficiency and bilateral adrenal masses, and our case clinically centered on metastatic melanoma in the differential. Thorough pathologic evaluation of tissue, including an extensive IHC panel, was warranted for this patient due to the rarity of PAL and due to the morphologic overlap between melanoma and DLBCL.
Cestus Responds to Aethiopissa

Yale Osborn MS. b 197 includes a neglected witness, one of six, to George Herbert’s “Aethiopissa ambit Cestum Diuersi Coloris Virum,” followed by the only known copy of a twenty-two-line reply, “Cesti ad Aethiopissam Responsio.” This latter cannot be said with any certainty to be Herbert’s; it is nevertheless a fascinating rejoinder to perhaps the most un-Herbertian of his poems. This paper provides edited texts, original translations, and apparatus; a description of the manuscript; and consideration of arguments for and against attributing the new poem to Herbert.
A comparison of the fatty acid esters of estradiol and corticosterone synthesized by tissues of the rat.

Abstract The biosynthesis of the fatty acid esters of the corticoid (corticosterone) and estrogen (estradiol) was compared in parallel incubations of corticosterone and estradiol with several tissues of the rat. The fatty acid composition of the esters of the two steroids was characterized in mammary and uterine tissue. In both of these tissues, the esters of estradiol were extremely heterogeneous. To the contrary, in the same tissues only one predominant ester of corticosterone, corticosterone-21-oleate, was formed. It comprised 70-80% of the total. The oleate ester of estradiol accounted for only 20% of the esters of this estrogen. In addition, fatty acid esters of an A-ring reduced metabolite of corticosterone, 5 beta-dihydrocorticosterone, was also identified. Its fatty acid composition is identical to that of corticosterone. In other experiments the fatty acid esters of both steroids were isolated from several tissues and quantified. When the amount of steroidal ester formed was compared, there was over a 100-fold difference among the various tissues in the ratio of estradiol to corticosterone ester synthesized. Thus, the rate of synthesis of the fatty acid esters of each class of steroid varies dramatically from tissue to tissue, and their fatty acid composition differs markedly as well. If the same enzyme synthesized both the estrogen and corticoid esters, then it would be expected that the relative amount of both esters synthesized in various tissues should be constant and likewise that their composition should be the same. Since neither occurred, these results suggest that the enzyme which produces the C-17 fatty acid esters of the estrogens may be different from the one which synthesizes the C-21 esters of the corticoids. The existence of separate enzyme systems for the synthesis of the fatty acid esters of these steroid hormones opens the possibility of specific physiological controls of each of these unusual steroidal metabolites.
Integrating interaction design and log analysis: bridging the gap with UML, XML and XMI

In this paper, we describe and discuss a formal methodology that integrates the conceptual design of the user interaction for interactive systems with the analysis of the interaction logs. It is based on (i) formalizing, via UML state diagrams, the functionality that is supported by a system and the valid interactions that can take place; (ii) deriving XML schemas for capturing the interactions in activity logs; (iii) deriving log parsers that reveal the system states and the state transitions that took place during the interaction; and (iv) analyzing the state activities and the state transitions in order to describe the user interaction or to test some research hypotheses. While this approach is rather general and can be applied in studying a variety of interactive systems, it has been devised and applied in research work on exploratory information retrieval, where the focus is on studying the interaction and on finding interaction patterns. The details of the methodology are discussed and exemplified for a mediated retrieval experiment.
Peripheral Vascular Noninvasive Measurements

Assessment of physiological and pathological parameters of the peripheral vasculature is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular diseases, many of which can evolve into severe or even life-threatening conditions. There is great desire for noninvasive measurement methods as alternatives or adjuncts to available invasive techniques, which often are limited in their use because of patient risk, operating complexity, or cost. The first part of the article gives a broad overview of existing noninvasive techniques for the evaluation of vascular parameters such as pressure, flow, and compliance. For each method, a general introduction is given followed by the theoretical framework of signal generation and device implementation. This is complemented by descriptions of signal analysis and clinical applications. The second part of the article briefly reviews of how available imaging-based methods relate to the evaluation of the vasculature, including a number of advanced techniques that are presently in development or are undergoing clinical or preclinical trials. Keywords: peripheral vascular disease; plethysmography; pulse volume recording; brachial-ankle index; segmental systolic pressure; pulse wave analysis; tonometry; laser doppler; vascular imaging; temporal spectral imaging
Interactions between natural and electrically evoked saccades. II. At what time is eye position sampled as a reference for the localization of a target

Electrical micro stimulation was applied at brain sites (thalamic internal medullary lamina complex and superficial layers of superior colliculus) of alert, trained monkeys to evoke fixed-vector saccades. When the stimulation was timed to occur during or after an eye movement, the evoked saccade had a modified trajectory, compensating for, at least, the last portion of the ongoing eye movement. The hypothesis proposed to explain this compensatory effect (Schlag-Rey et al. 1989) is that the electrical stimulation produces a saccade by generating a signal, equivalent to a retinal error, specifying the saccade goal at a fixed location with respect to some eye position (called reference eye position). If the eyes are moving at the time of stimulation, the reference eye position lies somewhere along the trajectory of the ongoing movement. In the present study, we tried to determine this reference eye position, and deduce from it the instant at which the goal was specified. A significant timing difference was observed between thalamic and collicular stimulations. The goal appeared to be referred to an eye position existing at stimulation onset in superior colliculus (SC), and 35–65 ms before stimulation onset in central thalamus. In the latter case, the results suggest that the evoked saccade was aimed at the spatial location that the brain computed by summing a retinal error signal (evoked by stimulation) with the eye position at the time such a signal would have been elicited by a real target. In contrast, the collicular results suggest that the evoked saccade was directed to the retinal location specified by the retinal error signal. The findings imply that if the eyes are not steady while the target position is calculated, signals conveyed in the superficial layers of SC (in contrast to the thalamus) cannot direct the eyes correctly to a visual target.