cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rotor Blade Wakes on Centrifugal Compressor Diffuser Performance—A Comparative Experiment

A vortex nozzle facility for testing radial vaned diffusers independently of any rotor has been developed [1, 2]. This paper describes a comparative experiment designed to evaluate the applicability of results obtained on this facility to actual rotating compressors. Geometrically scaled diffusers were tested in the vortex nozzle facility and in an actual rotating compressor rig, and the results are compared and shown to be very similar in terms of both performance and stability limits. The implications of these results are that blade wake mixing and unsteadiness do not significantly affect diffuser performance.
Composition of the carbohydrate granules of the cyanobacterium, Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142

Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142 is an aerobic, unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacterium that temporally separates O2-sensitive N2 fixation from oxygenic photosynthesis. The energy and reducing power needed for N2 fixation appears to be generated by an active respiratory apparatus that utilizes the contents of large interthylakoidal carbohydrate granules. We report here on the carbohydrate and protein composition of the granules of Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. The carbohydrate component is a glucose homopolymer with branches every nine residues and is chemically identical to glycogen. Granule-associated protein fractions showed temporal changes in the number of proteins and their abundance during the metabolic oscillations observed under diazotrophic conditions. There also were temporal changes in the protein pattern of the granule-depleted supernatant fractions from diazotrophic cultures. None of the granule-associated proteins crossreacted with antisera directed against several glycogen-metabolizing enzymes or nitrogenase, although these proteins were tentatively identified in supernatant fractions. It is suggested that the granule-associated proteins are structural proteins required to maintain a complex granule architecture.
Dynamic gene expression in the human cerebral cortex distinguishes children from adults.

In comparison with other primate species, humans have an extended juvenile period during which the brain is more plastic. In the current study we sought to examine gene expression in the cerebral cortex during development in the context of this adaptive plasticity. We introduce an approach designed to discriminate genes with variable as opposed to uniform patterns of gene expression and found that greater inter-individual variance is observed among children than among adults. For the 337 transcripts that show this pattern, we found a significant overrepresentation of genes annotated to the immune system process (pFDR≅0). Moreover, genes known to be important in neuronal function, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are included among the genes more variably expressed in childhood. We propose that the developmental period of heightened childhood neuronal plasticity is characterized by more dynamic patterns of gene expression in the cerebral cortex compared to adulthood when the brain is less plastic. That an overabundance of these genes are annotated to the immune system suggests that the functions of these genes can be thought of not only in the context of antigen processing and presentation, but also in the context of nervous system development.
What can digital disease detection learn from (an external revision to) Google Flu Trends

Background Google Flu Trends (GFT) claimed to generate real-time, valid predictions of population influenza-like illness (ILI) using search queries, heralding acclaim and replication across public health. However, recent studies have questioned the validity of GFT. Purpose To propose an alternative methodology that better realizes the potential of GFT, with collateral value for digital disease detection broadly. Methods Our alternative method automatically selects specific queries to monitor and autonomously updates the model each week as new information about CDC-reported ILI becomes available, as developed in 2013. Root mean squared errors (RMSEs) and Pearson correlations comparing predicted ILI (proportion of patient visits indicative of ILI) with subsequently observed ILI were used to judge model performance. Results During the height of the H1N1 pandemic (August 2 to December 22, 2009) and the 2012–2013 season (September 30, 2012, to April 12, 2013), GFT's predictions had RMSEs of 0.023 and 0.022 (i.e., hypothetically, if GFT predicted 0.061 ILI one week, it is expected to err by 0.023) and correlations of r =0.916 and 0.927. Our alternative method had RMSEs of 0.006 and 0.009, and correlations of r =0.961 and 0.919 for the same periods. Critically, during these important periods, the alternative method yielded more accurate ILI predictions every week, and was typically more accurate during other influenza seasons. Conclusions GFT may be inaccurate, but improved methodologic underpinnings can yield accurate predictions. Applying similar methods elsewhere can improve digital disease detection, with broader transparency, improved accuracy, and real-world public health impacts.
Heart Rate Patterns and Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Sids)

This is a first attempt to test the hypothesis that increased cardiac parasympathetic activity is linked to SIDS. ECG and respiration were recorded from 7 full term infants every 2-4 weeks in their first year while asleep at home. Neither the R-R interval nor its fluctuations / during quiet sleep had a maximum when SIDS occurs most frequently (6 to 20 weeks). Average R-R interval was approximately constant at 444 ± 24(SD) msec between the 1st and 5th weeks, rising to 546 ± 33 by the 25th. Recordings were also obtained from 7 infants born preterm who were considered “near miss” SIDS cases after hospitalization with apnea of unknown etiology at ages 5 to 16 weeks; 3 were subsequently followed at home. Contrary to hypothesis, the heart rate of hospitalized infants during quiet sleep was higher than that of the controls at the corresponding ages (means 150 vs 131/min, p 15 sec), also had bradycardic episodes (< 90 beats/min)15 sec or longer. Bradycardic episodes observed in the control group had a maximum duration of 10 seconds. The results indicate that while high parasympathetic tone during quiet sleep is not a likely indicator of risk, prolonged bradycardic episodes during active sleep (possibly secondary to hypoxia) are likely correlates of SIDS. (Support by NIH HD 06314.)
The power of your words.

C m “ALL NURSES, ESPECIALLY those in fastpaced departments such as the critical care and intensive care units, require the ability to assertively and effectively communicate with their coworkers and make knowledgeable decisions quickly.” Perianesthesia nurses talk a lot. The practice of our specialty entails communication at multiple levels, often simultaneously, with patients, families, colleagues, and physicians. We spend some time listening, assessing, and gathering information and clues. But a great portion of the workday is spent in conversation. Caring for our patients and communicating with them, and on their behalf may be one of the hallmark positive attributes of perianesthesia nurses. The way we speak to each other, however, may not be as professionally positive or stimulating.
Modulation domain image segmentation

We present a modulation domain technique for segmenting textured images modeled as 2D multicomponent AM-FM functions. A Gabor filter bank is used to derive estimates of the dominant modulations at each image point and statistical clustering is then performed with respect to a similarity measure-based modulation domain entropy. Post processing is applied in the image domain to regularize the solution and enforce spatial correspondence. Several synthetic and natural examples are presented.
"What to Do With Our Girls": Prescriptive literature and the girl problem in the rural Midwest, 1865-1900

For women of the Midwest in the late nineteenth century, the teenage and young adult years provided opportunities for women to explore options for work, education, socializing, and marriage, but within the strictly controlled boundaries of the lifestyle of farm daughter and helper. The prevalence of teaching jobs in rural schools, as well as opportunities for socialization, such as church, temperance societies, and other community activities, provided a range of activities acceptable for young women to partake. Social prescriptions and parental guidance influenced the expectations of how a young woman should act, yet these women worked within and without of these boundaries to forge a lifestyle of their own. Prescriptive literature, including etiquette advice manuals and articles in newspapers and farm journals, pushed young women in many different directions related to their lifestyle and attitude. Advice authors expected girls to conform to an urban, middle-class definition of womanhood, which defined women as caretakers of the home and family. This definition could not encompass the realities of life on the farm, where women and girls were productive members of the farming household. Rural advice attempted to take this position into account, but these writers worried more about the potential for farm girls to leave the farm. None of the prescriptive literature could accurately assess the position of rural daughters, as the unique aspects of farm life, and the differences between farm families’ material circumstances, made generalizations about girls difficult. Girls on the farm had serious responsibilities within their families, but still acted as young, single women. The tension between roles as productive members of the farming household and roles as job seekers, socialites, and potential marriage partners provided a space where single women in rural families both provided for the family and community and found ways to maintain social lives that may not have fit within the social prescriptions. The diaries of
Quantifying spatial habitat loss from hydrocarbon development through assessing habitat selection patterns of mule deer

Extraction of oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) from shale is increasing rapidly in North America, with documented impacts to native species and ecosystems. With shale oil and gas resources on nearly every continent, this development is set to become a major driver of global land-use change. It is increasingly critical to quantify spatial habitat loss driven by this development to implement effective mitigation strategies and develop habitat offsets. Habitat selection is a fundamental ecological process, influencing both individual fitness and population-level distribution on the landscape. Examinations of habitat selection provide a natural means for understanding spatial impacts. We examined the impact of natural gas development on habitat selection patterns of mule deer on their winter range in Colorado. We fit resource selection functions in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, with habitat availability defined using a movement-based modeling approach. Energy development drove considerable alterations to deer habitat selection patterns, with the most substantial impacts manifested as avoidance of well pads with active drilling to a distance of at least 800 m. Deer displayed more nuanced responses to other infrastructure, avoiding pads with active production and roads to a greater degree during the day than night. In aggregate, these responses equate to alteration of behavior by human development in over 50% of the critical winter range in our study area during the day and over 25% at night. Compared to other regions, the topographic and vegetative diversity in the study area appear to provide refugia that allow deer to behaviorally mediate some of the impacts of development. This study, and the methods we employed, provides a template for quantifying spatial take by industrial activities in natural areas and the results offer guidance for policy makers, mangers, and industry when attempting to mitigate habitat loss due to energy development.
A chemical and histochemical study of aliesterase in mouse adrenal cortex under hormonal influences and altered sodium intake.

MARKED changes in the distribution of histochemically determined alkaline phosphatase in the mouse adrenal cortex under different hormonal conditions have been demonstrated (1). The locus of this enzyme is disparate following administration of testosterone proprionate, estradiol benzoate or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) to castrate animals. In view of these topographic alterations obtained in the case of alkaline phosphatase it appeared desirable to investigate the effect of varied physiological status on other enzymes in this tissue. The behavior of chemically and histochemically determined non-specific esterase (aliesterase) under hormonal influences and altered sodium intake forms the subject of this paper. All work was carried out on adrenal glands from pure bred BALB/c Jax male mice 90–180 days of age. Aliesterase was determined histochemically as described by Pearse (2) using alpha-naphthyl acetate as substrate and Fast Blue Salt B (General Dyestuff Company), Diazo Garnet GBC (duPont Company) ...
ASA closed claims in obstetrics: lessons learned

What have we learned so far from the Closed Claims database? For the most part, analysis of the claims made supports the generally held beliefs about the medico-legal risk of obstetrical anesthesia. However, the obstetric files do reveal a risk profile that differs significantly from the nonobstetric files. One of the most surprising observations was the large proportion of relatively "minor" injuries in the obstetric files in contrast to the nonobstetric files. These claims may simply be the result of an increased incidence of such problems in obstetric patients. However, careful review of statements made in the files revealed that a substantial number of patients were unhappy with the care provided and felt themselves ignored and mistreated. Meyers has suggested that malpractice litigation serves the purpose not only of reparation of injury for substandard care but also one of emotional vindication [19]. Not unexpectedly, anesthesiologists are frequently named in claims involving bad fetal outcomes. Most of these claims, for whatever reason, do not result in payments to the litigant. Problems involving airway management, focusing on difficult intubation and pulmonary aspiration, are unfortunately well represented in the obstetrical files. There is no clear indication that this is changing. One of the principle causes of major adverse outcomes with regional anesthesia is local anesthetic toxicity. There is evidence that the frequency of these claims is on the decline. Nerve injury as a result of direct neural trauma continues to appear at regular intervals in the claims files. It is clear from review of the ASA Closed Claim database that there are many unrecognized factors, separate from major injuries, that must be important motivating factors in patients who bring claims against anesthesiologists. A lawsuit does not necessarily signify injury. It has been suggested that the number of patients harmed by negligent care who actually file a claim may be less than 2% [12]. In contrast, lawsuits are usually not filed unless people perceive that they or a family member have been wronged by the system. Anesthesia care providers should give attention to conducting themselves in such a manner that patients will not be motivated to bring suit for an unexpected outcome [20]. Therefore, merely focusing one's attention on reducing the potential for major injuries may have little effect on solving the medico-legal dilemma in obstetrical anesthesia. The uniqueness of the ASA Closed Claims database is that it reflects the consumer's perspective. This point can not be emphasized enough because one of the best measures of quality of care comes from the patient's perspective. What can help? Careful personal conduct Establish good rapport Involvement in prenatal education Early pre-anesthetic evaluation Provide realistic expectation Regularly review potential major and minor risks.
Dynamic Decentralized Sequential Detection Under Uniformly Distributed Observations

Decentralized sequential detection problems with communicating detectors are solved under the assumptions that the observations are independent and uniformly distributed and that decision errors are uniformly penalized. For the cases of one-step delayed, sequential, and nonsequential signaling, explicit decision rules are proposed and exact conditions for their member-by-member optimality are derived. These decision rules approximate high-performance threshold rules with very strict thresholds when decision errors are heavily penalized.
Iron supplement use and iron status among US adults: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Patients with hemochromatosis are instructed to avoid taking supplemental iron. Whether supplemental iron intakes lead to higher iron status among healthy persons remains less clear. Objective: The objective was to ascertain whether supplemental iron intakes are associated with increases in iron transport (transferrin saturation) and stores (serum ferritin) among US adults aged ≥19 y. Design: We analyzed data for 5948 adults from whom a fasting serum sample was collected during the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used multivariable linear regression and analysis of variance to assess the association of supplemental iron intake with iron transport and stores among men (aged 19-30 y or >30 y) and women (nonpregnant premenopausal or postmenopausal); multiple comparison tests were also performed. Results: Healthy adults who took supplements containing average daily amounts of iron at ≤3 times the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) did not have significantly higher iron transport or stores than did those who did not take supplements. In younger men, the intake of >32 mg Fe/d (>4x RDA) was associated with mean transport iron concentrations that were significantly higher than those in persons who took 0 to ≤24 mg Fe/d. In older men, the intake of >32 mg Fe/d (>4× RDA) was associated with mean iron stores that were significantly higher than those in persons who took 0 to ≤ 24 mg Fe/d; a similar result was observed in postmenopausal women, but it was of borderline statistical significance. Conclusion: Supplement users should be made aware of the amount of iron necessary to satisfy dietary requirements and informed of the possible influence that excess iron intake can have on body iron stores and health. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:1024-31.
Relation of Candidate Genes that Encode for Endothelial Function to Migraine and Stroke The Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study

Background and Purpose—Migraine with aura is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but the mechanism by which these disorders are associated remains unclear. Both disorders exhibit familial clustering, which may imply a genetic influence on migraine and stroke risk. Genes encoding for endothelial function are promising candidate genes for migraine and stroke susceptibility because of the importance of endothelial function in regulating vascular tone and cerebral blood flow. Methods—Using data from the Stroke Prevention in Young Women study, a population-based case-control study including 297 women aged 15 to 49 years with ischemic stroke and 422 women without stroke, we evaluated whether polymorphisms in genes regulating endothelial function, including endothelin-1 (EDN), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), and nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3), confer susceptibility to migraine and stroke. Results—EDN SNP rs1800542 and rs10478723 were associated with increased stroke susceptibility in whites (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–4.2 and OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.4; P0.02 and 0.02, respectively), as were EDNRB SNP rs4885493 and rs10507875, (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7 and OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4–4.3; P0.01 and 0.002, respectively). Only 1 of the tested SNP (NOS3 rs3918166) was associated with both migraine and stroke. Conclusions—In our study population, variants in EDN and EDNRB were associated with stroke susceptibility in white but not in black women. We found no evidence that these genes mediate the association between migraine and stroke. (Stroke. 2009;40:e550-e557.)
Variation among individuals in cone production in Pinus palustris (Pinaceae).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Reproductive output varies considerably among individuals within plant populations, and this is especially so in cone production of conifers. While this variation can have substantial effects on populations, little is known about its magnitude or causes. METHODS We studied variation in cone production for 2 years within a population of Pinus palustris Mill. (longleaf pine; Pinaceae). Using hurdle models, we evaluated the importance of burn treatments, tree size (dbh), canopy status (open, dominant, subordinate), and number of conspecific neighbors within 4 m (N(4)). KEY RESULTS Cone production of individuals-even after accounting for other variables-was strongly correlated between years. Trees in plots burned every 1, 2, or 5 years produced more cones than those burned every 7 years, or unburned. Larger trees tend to produce more cones, but the large effects of the other factors studied caused substantial scatter in the dbh-cone number relationship. Among trees in the open, dbh had little explanatory power. Subordinate trees with three neighbors produced no cones. CONCLUSIONS Tree size alone was a weak predictor of cone production. Interactions with neighbors play an important role in generating reproductive heterogeneity, and must be accounted for when relating cone production to size. The strong between-year correlation, together with the large variance in cone production among trees without neighbors, suggests that still more of the variance may be explainable, but requires factors outside of our study.
Oocyte transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer in the mare

Abstract Methods for the collection and transfer of equine oocytes have been developed, and uses of these techniques have resulted in new clinical and research possibilities. Because oocyte transfer avoids reproductive problems associated with the oviduct, uterus, and cervix, pregnancies can be produced from many mares that cannot carry a pregnancy or produce embryos. Oocytes for clinical transfers are usually collected from preovulatory follicles and cultured for a short interval or transferred directly into a recipient’s oviduct. For oocyte transfer, the recipient is inseminated within the uterus. A large number (1×10 9 to 2×10 9 ) of motile sperms are preferred for inseminations. In contrast, sperm and oocyte are transferred into the oviduct during gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Therefore, a lower number (1×10 5 to 2×10 5 ) of sperm can be used. Potentially, GIFT could be used in situations where sperm numbers are limited. Use of oocyte transfer and GIFT in clinical and research settings will aid us in understanding the interactions between oocyte, sperm, and oviduct in the equine.
fMRI Evidence for Cortical Modification during Learning of Mandarin Lexical Tone

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed before and after six native English speakers completed lexical tone training as part of a program to learn Mandarin as a second language. Language-related areas including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, auditory cortex, and supplementary motor regions were active in all subjects before and after training and did not vary in average location. Across all subjects, improvements in performance were associated with an increase in the spatial extent of activation in left superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann's area 22, putative Wernicke's area), the emergence of activity in adjacent Brodmann's area 42, and the emergence of activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 44), a homologue of putative Broca's area. These findings demonstrate a form of enrichment plasticity in which the early cortical effects of learning a tone-based second language involve both expansion of preexisting language-related areas and recruitment of additional cortical regions specialized for functions similar to the new language functions.
Review of research on the control of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) using the fumigant sulfuryl fluoride and current status for inclusion in ISPM No.15.

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , the causal agent of pine wilt disease, is endemic to North America. The unintentional introduction of the PWN into Asia and now Europe has caused considerable damage to forests in these regions. The PWN was first reported in Portugal in 1999 where it has now become established and it was also reported in Spain in 2008. This situation led the European Union (E.U.) Commission to take exceptional phytosanitary measures for wood trade within the E.U. Preliminary studies on the broad spectrum fumigant sulfuryl fluoride (SF) showed control of the nematode, but complete eradication was not achieved at the dosages tested. Further studies provided evidence that 100% control of PWN could be obtained by fumigating unseasoned wood with SF. A review of these research studies is presented together with a proposed fumigation schedule. This schedule and supporting efficacy data on PWN and quarantine insects has been submitted to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) for inclusion of SF as an approved treatment in ISPM 15 (International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures) which regulates Wood Packaging Material in International Trade. The inclusion of SF in the standard would provide an alternative fumigant option to methyl bromide (MB) which will be banned for all uses in the E.U. in March of 2010. Keywords : Sulfuryl fluoride, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , ISPM No.15, Quarantine, Fumigation
Relating Pelvic Pain Location to Surgical Findings of Endometriosis

strual pain and incapacitation than did chronic pain patients without endometriosis (n37). Overall, few patients had deeply infiltrating lesions (n38). Dysuria was associated with superficial bladder peritoneal lesions. Other lesions or endometriomas were not associated with pain in the same anatomic locations. Lesion depth, disease burden, and number of lesions or endometriomas were not associated with pain. CONCLUSION: In this group of women with biopsyproven endometriosis, few had deeply infiltrating lesions or endometriomas. Dysuria and midline anterior pain were the only symptoms associated with the location of superficial endometriosis lesions. The lack of relationship between pain and superficial lesion location raises questions about how these lesions relate to pain.
No Tempests, No Teapots*

Let me echo the earlier welcome to the University of North Carolina for the thirty-second Annual Residents' Conference and say how very pleased I am to be with you for the presentation of your research—an event that I hope will be repeated often during your professional lives. As proud as I am to be part of this program, you are the ones being honored. If people can be classified as those who make things happen, those who watch things happen, and those who just wonder what happened, there is no doubt where this group fits: you made it happen—and orthopaedic patients will be the beneficiaries of your efforts. The American Orthopaedic Association deserves special recognition and gratitude for its initiation and continued support of these conferences. Encouraging the development of the abilities and initiative of young scientists is one of the soundest investments that we can make in the future. Having reached a time in life when both vision and memory are dimming, and having no glasses for my memory, I will speak from notes—keeping their beginning and their end as close together as possible to minimize any ill effects on your postprandial physiology. I did manage to avoid slides, encouraged in that decision by the story of an attorney, an orthopaedic surgeon, and a scientist who died and went to hell. Greeting them at the gate, the Devil said, “I'll grant you one last request before you come through the doors,” at which point the attorney said, “I would like to have one final night of wine, women, and song.” The Devil said, “Fine. It's done.” When asked what he would like, the orthopaedic surgeon said, “I would like to be able to give one last lecture to an audience, with slides, double screens, a laser pointer, and everything …
Treatment of Mentally Disabled Patients with Intravenous Sedation in a Dental Clinic Outpatient Setting

Treating the special care patient is challenging for the treating dentist and dentist anesthesiologist. The goal is to have a patient free of disease and pain restored with aesthetic and functional use of his/her oral cavity. The challenge is to incorporate the patient's medical, physical, behavioral, financial, and oral hygiene considerations into this goal. This article describes clinical techniques used to treat special care patients under intravenous sedation in an outpatient dental clinic setting. The discussion includes how to make a preoperative dental diagnosis, how to start an intravenous line painlessly, intravenous medications used in outpatient sedation, clinical tips for dentistry with special care patients, and postoperative evaluation.
Direct haptic rendering of sculptured models

A new tracing algorithm is described that supports haptic rendering of NURBS surfaces without the use of any intermediate representation. By using this tracing algorithm in conjunction with algorithms for surface proximity testing and surface transitions, a complete haptic rendering system for sculptured models has been developed. The system links an advanced CAD modeling system with a Sarcos force-reflecting exo-skeleton arm. A method for measuring the quality of the tracking component of the haptic rendering separately from the haptic device and force computation is also described. CR Descriptors: H.1.2 [Models and Principles] User/Machine Systems; C.3 [Special-Purpose and Application-Based Systems] Real-Time Systems; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics] Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism; I.6.4 [Simulation and Modeling] Types of Simulation - Distributed; F.2.2 [Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity] Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems; J.6 [Computer-Aided Engineering].
Representations of Race in Television Commercials: A Content Analysis of Prime-Time Advertising

Given the paucity of contemporary examinations of racial/ethnic minority portrayals in television advertisements, this study analyzed the frequency, context, and quality of 2,3 15 speaking characters in a one-week sample of prime-time television commercials. Results reveal different patterns of portrayals when African American, Asian American, Latino, Native American, and White characters are featured in television advertisements. The implications of these images are examined from the perspective of social cognitive theory to provide insights into their possible impact on audience members' self-perceptions.
The interstitial feminine and male dominance in Rashōmon

ABSTRACTKurosawa Akira's 1950 film Rashōmon is frequently understood as an exploration of truth in the face of four irreconcilably conflicting testimonies. Frequently missing from the critical conversation is the originary crime of rape committed against the wife which is an absent presence in the film: despite its suppression, we are keenly aware of its essential role in driving the narrative and its simultaneous effacement from what we see on the screen. The trace it leaves exists in, and because of, the historical context of Article 14 in the Japanese constitution, yet this promise of gender equity in Japan was not achieved in Rashōmon. This unrealized promise provides one avenue for apprehending the rape's implications. Linguistic intimations and visual hints, subtle yet omnipresent in the male narratives that seek to occlude the wife's tale of rape, ask the audience to consider the role of the wife and the crime against her in the face of a stifling phallocractic order that seeks not liberation but t...
Scientific Speech: Protecting the Right of Environmental Scientists to Express Professional Opinions

Science plays a central role in ensuring that environmental laws and regulations are protective of human health and the environment. This article chronicles many instances where environmental scientists were fired or otherwise attacked because employers or others were disturbed by the results of their research or professional opinions. The article surveys the legal protections available to scientists when disputes over scientific speech arise and concludes that additional protections are needed to ensure that scientists are free to present their findings without fear or retribution.
Coherent optical harmonic production in the Los Alamos free electron laser oscillator

Optical harmonics are naturally generated within free electron lasers (FELs) by the nonuniform axial motion of the electrons within the magnetic undulator. Although far weaker than the optical beam produced at the fundamental lasing frequency, they can provide useful amounts of coherent power at shorter wavelengths. However, UV harmonics can degrade dielectric optics by producing color centers which must be precluded in high power FELs. Up to this time, adequate verification of various theoretical predictions has not been possible because of limited experimental data. To address this problem, we conducted a series of experiments with the Los Alamos infrared FEL oscillator to characterize the power and spatial distribution of the measurable harmonic orders (1, 2, 3, and 5) as a function of electron-beam, undulator, and resonator parameters. The FEL operated at a fundamental wavelength from 10 to 12 μm with a ~20 MeV electron beam with peak current varying from 200 to 500 A.
Emotional Arousal Shifts the Effect of Ad Placement on Ad Recognition

This study explored whether the arousal and relevance of media content placed in between advertisements moderated the effect of ad placement on ad recognition. Two experiments (N1 = 60, N2 = 62) were conducted in which participants viewed static ads that appeared before and after pictures that systematically varied in arousal. Results demonstrated that ads appearing before media content were recognized better than were ads appearing after media content when emotional arousal of media content was high, but that ads appearing after media content were recognized better than were ads appearing before media content when emotional arousal was low. Greater encoding of media content enhanced the memory of ads appearing before media content but not ads appearing after media content. Additionally, content relevance lowered ad recognition, especially during shallower encoding (i.e., encoding without the purpose of remembering). This study contributes to research on ad placement by proposing emotional arousal as a po...
Fretting Fatigue Testing of Ti-17 at Elevated Temperatures

Fretting fatigue of Ti-17/Ti-8-1-1 at 600 ◦ F was examined experimentally. The material pair, contact conditions and temperature are representative of blade/disk attachments in the upper stages of a compressor in a gas turbine engine. Different surface treatments, including different combinations of coatings, lubrications, and levels of shot-peening were analyzed. A baseline test type was selected to find an applied load level which would yield a baseline fretting fatigue life. This baseline applied load level was maintained constant for the different combinations of surface treatments. This is done to determine the surface treatment’s influence on the total fretting fatigue life. It is shown that different coating and lubrication conditions had little effect on fretting fatigue life. However, shot peening produces a signinificant improvement in fretting fatigue lives.
The tensor product of operational logics

The concept of an operational logic has been developed by Randall and Foulis ([l]-[4], [10], [11]) as a part of a larger effort to obtain a formalism suitable for expressing, comparing, and evaluating various approaches to empirical science, statistics, and in particular, quantum mechanics. The structure of these logics is similar to that of an orthomodular partially ordered set which is often used as a model for quantum logics. However, the operational logic is a more general structure which, among other features, allows for the creation of a tensor product of logics to represent the coupling of physical systems. Randall and Foulis have shown that, given certain reasonable physical constraints, such a product is not possible within the category of orthomodular posets [12].
Binding of the gamma-subunit of retinal rod-outer-segment phosphodiesterase with both transducin and the catalytic subunits of phosphodiesterase.

Abstract The gamma-subunit of retinal rod-outer-segment phosphodiesterase (PDE-gamma) is a multifunctional protein which interacts directly with both of the catalytic subunits of PDE (PDE alpha/beta) and the alpha-subunit of the retinal G (guanine-nucleotide-binding)-protein transducin alpha (T alpha). We have previously reported that the PDE gamma binds to T alpha at residue nos. 24-45 [Morrison. Rider & Takemoto (1987) FEBS Lett. 222, 266-270]. In vitro this results in inhibition of T alpha GTP/GDP exchange [Morrison, Cunnick, Oppert & Takemoto (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 11671-11681]. We now report that the inhibitory region of PDE gamma for PDE alpha/beta occurs at PDE gamma residues 54-87. This binding results in inhibition of either trypsin-solubilized or membrane-bound PDE alpha/beta. PDE gamma which has been treated with carboxypeptidase Y, removing the C-terminus, does not inhibit PDE alpha/beta, but does inhibit T alpha GTP/GDP exchange. Inhibition by PDE gamma can be removed by T alpha-guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) addition to membranes. This results in a displacement of PDE gamma, but not in removal of this subunit from the membrane [Whalen, Bitensky & Takemoto (1990) Biochem. J. 265, 655-658]. These results suggest that low levels of T alpha-GTP[S] can result in displacement of PDE gamma from the membrane in vitro as a GTP[S]-T alpha-PDE gamma complex. Further activation by high levels of T alpha-GTP[S] occurs by displacement of PDE gamma from its inhibitory site on PDE alpha/beta, but not in removal from the membrane.
The effects of steel and iron slag zinc fertilizers on fruit yield and quality of tomato

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of steel and iron slag zinc fertilizers on yield and quality in tomato.Results showed that application of steel and iron slag fertilizers with zinc could advance upgrowth of tomato and increased yield by 2.78%～17.03% compared with single fertilizers.At the same time,they raised the content of soluble sugar by 4.74%～7.11% compared with single fertilizers,decreased the content of Vc and had little effect on content of protein.
On Elaborate Classification of Physical Education Market

Classfication of market has been one of the brand strategies generally applied by the enterprises that have matured sales skills.But as far as in the Physical Education(P.E.) market,many enterprise,especially P.E.artcles manufacturing ones,haven't paid enough attention to this.By using the methods of comprehensive and case analysis,this article states the definition and foundation of elaborate calssfication of P.E.market,and it also sets forth the function,principle,procedure and basis of elaborate calssfication of P.E.market,in order to help related P.E.enterprise to develop new market opportunities and get excellent economical effects.
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Promotes Expression and Function of Adenosine Receptor A2B Subtype in Dendritic Cells

The signaling of adenosine receptor A2B subtype(ADOR-A2B) was reported to enhance the proinflammatory function in dendritic cells(DCs) by promoting the secretion of proinflammatoty chemokines / cytokines as well as intensifying the interaction between DCs and effecter T cells.To clarify whether the expression of ador-a2b in DCs is regulated by Toll-like receptors(TLRs) signaling,mouse bone marrow cells derived dendritic cells(BM-DC) were treated with different toll-like receptor ligands:Pam3csk4,polyIC,LPS and CpG.Total RNA was isolated and the expressions of ador-a2a and a2b in these BM-DCs were determined by real-time qPCR assay.The selective binding capacities of ADOR-A2A and ADOR-A2B to3H-adenosie in these TLRs ligands treated BM-DCs were also determined.BM-DCs were further treated with LPS and selective ADOR-A2B agonists BAY 60-6583 individually or in the combination,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-12 concentrations in the medium were measured by ELISA.Then the treated BM-DCs were subjected to the interaction with naive CD4 cells.Cytokines production and differentiation toward Th1 and Th17 of the interacted CD4 cells were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry analysis,respectively.The result showed that LPS intensively augment ador-a2b expression in BM-DCs,and the binding capacity of LPS treated BM-DCs to adenosine was increased as well.Selective ADOR-A2B agonist BAY 60-6583 showed synergetic effect with LPS on promoting BM-DCs secreting proinflammatory cytokines as well as enhancing the polarization of CD4 cells toward Th1 and Th17 cells.It was concluded that toll-like receptors signaling have the ability of directly upregulating ador-a2b expression in dendritic cells and hence increase its potential of secreting more proinflammatory cytokines and intensifying the interaction with CD4 cells.
Ploidy and imprinting in hydatidiform moles. Complementary use of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry of the imprinted gene product p57KIP2 to assist molar classification.

Objective To determine whether the combination of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for p57 expression is useful for the pathologic classification of diagnostically challenging hydatidiform moles. Study design Six probable hydatidiform moles that were difficult to classify pathologically were reevaluated by histology, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for p57. Results In all cases, the pathologic diagnoses were easily resolved: two cases were partial moles (triploid, p57 positive), two cases were early complete moles (diploid, p57 negative), and two cases were twin gestations with normal villi (diploid, p57 positive) admixed with villi from a complete hydatidiform mole (diploid, p57 negative). Conclusion Immunostaining for the paternally imprinted, maternally expressed p57 gene product is a practical and accurate adjunct to flow cytometry in the pathologic classification of hydatidiform moles.
What is learning? A word definition and some examples

Learning may be defined in many ways. According to the sample definition, learning refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior potentiality that occurs as a result of reinforced practice. In this definition, changes in behavior resulting from motivational fluctuations, maturation, and various physical and physiological factors are excluded from consideration. A distinction between learning and performance must be made, and reinforcement is necessary for learning to occur. This chapter presents the following learning tasks employed by psychologists in their laboratories: classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, discrimination learning, serial learning, paired-associate learning, free recall, concept formation, problem solving, and language acquisition. However, these are only a few of the many learning paradigms employed by psychologists. Psychologists are also uncertain about whether these tasks represent many different, distinct types of learning or merely different varieties of some common underlying process.
Physiology of Spermatogenesis: Opportunities for Disruption

Spermatozoa are highly differentiated male reproductive cells that are specialized for motility and fertilization. The complex production of these cells from primordial germ cells requires coordination between the endocrine system, testicular parenchyma, and the male reproductive tract. The purpose of this chapter is to review the physiology of spermatogenesis and provide an overview of the various ways in which this process can be impaired by cancer and cancer treatments in males of reproductive age. The impact of the local and systemic effects of cancer, surgical excision of reproductive tissue, and gonadotoxic exposure to chemotherapy and radiation therapy on male fertility will be discussed.
Management of the Infected Total Ankle Replacement

Infections following total ankle replacement are a serious complication, about which there is little information in the current literature to guide diagnosis and treatment. Infections are classified as acute postoperative, late chronic, or remote hematogenous. Prosthesis removal for infection following primary or revision total ankle replacement along with a thorough debridement and parenteral culture-driven antibiotic therapy are the mainstay of treatment. Only a limited number of patients who develop a deep periprosthetic infection following primary or revision total ankle replacement can expect to undergo successful joint-preserving revision total ankle replacement. Instead, ankle or tibio-talo-calcaneal arthrodesis usually with significant volumes of bone graft is required to obtain a functional limb. Given the morbidity of infected total ankle replacement, careful consideration should be made about performing these procedures in patients with multiple prior surgeries and comorbidities that predispose to wound healing difficulties. Prompt diagnosis and involvement of a multidisciplinary care team is essential to a successful outcome.
MO-D-PinS Room/Hall E-00: MR Simulation

MRI, with its excellent soft tissue contrast and its ability to provide physiological as well as anatomical information, is becoming increasingly used in radiation therapy for treatment planning, image-guided radiation therapy, and treatment evaluation. This session will explore solutions to integrating MRI into the simulation process. Obstacles for using MRI for simulation include distortions and artifacts, image acquisition speed, complexity of imaging techniques, and lack of electron density information. Partners in Solutions presents vendor representatives who will present their approaches to meeting these challenges and others. An increased awareness of how MRI simulation works will allow physicists to better understand and use this powerful technique. The speakers are all employees who are presenting information about their company's products.
Ethylene Perception in Arabidopsis by the ETRl Receptor Family: Evaluating a Possible Role for Two-Component Signaling in Plant Ethylene Responses

Publisher Summary Arabidopsis detects the hormone through a family of ethylene receptors consisting of ETR1 and its four isoforms. These ethylene receptors are composed of a hydrophobic N-terminal domain that has a high affinity for ethylene, followed by a cytoplasmic GAF-like domain and a C-terminal domain that is related to bacterial two component signal transducers. ETR1 is the only receptor isoform that contains all the necessary conserved residues and domains typically required for two component signaling. The ETR1 and ERS1 histidine kinase domain and ETR1 response regulator domains do interact with CTR1, a Raf-like kinase required for the suppression of ethylene responses, suggesting some role for these domains in signaling even if it is not based on kinase activity. A similar interaction between a response regulator and MAPKKK in the osmotic response pathway in yeast and evidence concerning two-component signaling in plant cytokinin responses are discussed to help evaluate a possible role for ETR1 two-component signaling in plant ethylene responses.