cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pullout of a lumbar plate with varying screw lengths

Background Screw length pertains to stability in various orthopedic fixation devices. There is little or no information on the relationship between plate pullout strength and screw length in anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) plate constructs in the literature. Such a description may prove useful, especially in the treatment of osteoporotic patients where maximizing construct stability is of utmost importance. Our purpose is to describe the influence of screw length on ALIF plate stability in severely and mildly osteoporotic bone foam models.
Ultrastructure of Erythrocytes in Severe Scurvy

A SURVEY of the literature has revealed that anaemia complicates 70 per cent of all clinical cases of severe scurvy1. The increased urobilinogenaemia of scurvy is evidence of an accelerated disintegration of erythrocytes2. These factors, combined with the recent demonstration of a haemolytic process in human scorbutic patients3, prompted us to study the effects of vitamin C deficiency on the ultrastructure of the erythrocytes of animals suffering from scurvy.
The effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin (FK228) are enhanced by aspirin (ASA) in COX-1 positive ovarian cancer cells through augmentation of p21.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy in solid tumors, including ovarian cancers. Our group has published that the HDAC inhibitor, romidepsin (FK228) suppresses ovarian cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. HDAC inhibitors appear to be even more effective when used in combination with other anti-tumor agents. However, it remains unclear which anti-tumor agents are best suited for combination therapy. A recent report suggested that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is synergistic with HDAC inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. ASA is a relatively selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and has anti-proliferative effects in ovarian cancer cells. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of ASA on the activity of the HDAC inhibitor, FK228 in COX-1 positive (OVCAR-3) and COX-1 negative (SKOV-3) human ovarian cancer cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects of FK228 were enhanced by ASA in COX-1 positive ovarian cancer cells. In contrast, AS...
Clinically useful measures in women with mixed urinary incontinence.

Objective The purposes of this study were to assess: 1) clinically relevant relationships between urinary diary and quality of life, and 2) reproducibility of validated questionnaires and urinary diaries in women with mixed urinary incontinence symptoms (MUI). Study Design Forty-seven women with MUI completed 7-day diaries, the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, and Medical, Epidemiological, and Social Aspects of Aging questionnaire 2 weeks apart. Results The number of urge incontinence episodes predicted incontinence severity on UDI-6 (R 2 = .38, P P Conclusion The 6 questions of the UDI-6 adequately represent incontinence severity. With the exception of the number of stress incontinence episodes recorded on the 7-day diary, common incontinence measures are reproducible over 2 weeks.
A simple spectrophotometric method for estimating glycosaminoglycan concentrations.

Abstract A rapid and simple spectrophotometric method is described for the estimation of microgram quantities of glycosaminoglycans following the formation of soluble complexes with alcian blue dye. The method is based on the different absorption spectra of the dye and dye-glycosaminoglycan complexes. No heating, centrifugation, lengthy equilibration, or sophisticated instrumentation which hamper other methods are required. Samples are mixed with freshly prepared dye solution and absorbance readings at 480 nm are compared to an appropriate standard curve. Albumin and individual monosaccharides do not interfere with the assay but high concentrations of chloride ion do. The method is suitable for the estimation of total glycosaminoglycan levels in biological fluids such as urine and blood.
Parity fluctuations between Coulomb blockaded superconducting islands.

We find that if two superconducting islands of different number parity are linked by a tunnel junction, the unpaired electron in the odd island has a tendency to tunnel into the even island. This process leads to fluctuations in time of the number parity of each island, giving rise to a random telegraph noise spectrum with a characteristic frequency that has an unusual temperature dependence. This new phenomenon should be observable in a Cooper-pair pump and similar single-electron tunneling devices.
Determination of Patient Concerns in Choosing Surgery and Preference for Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery and Assessment of Satisfaction with Postoperative Cosmesis

Abstract Background and Purpose: Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery offers potential improvements in cosmesis and recovery over standard laparoscopy (SL). We report the factors with which patients are most concerned in choosing surgery and how these affect preference for LESS. In addition, we rate the satisfaction of scars after laparoscopy. Patients and Methods: Patients followed after a laparoscopic procedure completed two surveys. First, patients rated, on a 5-point Likert scale, the importance of pain, recovery time, cost, treatment success, scars, and complications in choosing surgery. In addition, they were asked their preference for LESS. In the second survey, the impact of scars on body image and cosmesis was assessed. Results: Seventy-nine patients (median age 54.8 years, 65% male and 35% female) were treated for malignancy (53), donation (15), and benign indications (9). Treatment success (4.71±0.81) and complications (4.22±1.16) were most important, followed by pain (3.43±1.21) and con...
A Call to Action in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Theory Building and Research:

Phillips, Ingram, Smith, and Mindes’s significant contribution exposes some of the gaps in our current writing regarding gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual men and women. Counseling psychology should incorporate gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) samples into some of our current mainstream areas of study, including a focus on lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual men and women as separate groups,and more sophisticated theorizing and research. Although counseling psychology is aware that individuals may identify by race/ethnicity, disability, or sexual identity (among other core identities), this contribution reminds us that more than one identity may be salient for any given person.
Polarography of various N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas

The irreversible polarographic reductions of various N -alkyl- N -nitrosoureas were studied from a pH of 1.1–6.7. Below pH 3.2, the limiting current, i lim. , of N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (NNMU) is controlled by diffusion. Above this pH, adsorption or chemical reaction is the electrode-controlling process and buffer effects are observed. Similar results were obtained for N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea (NNEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-1-nitrosourea (SRI-1384), except that the buffer effects were greatly diminished for the latter compound. The acetate buffer effects on i lim. have been quantified and have been attributed either to adsorption of the nitrosourea (NNMU) and the buffer components onto the microelectrode, or to a reaction between these species. The polarographic method offers a sensitive (1 × 10 −6 M ) and reliable (0.91 per cent standard error among days) assay procedure for the nitrosoureas. All of the compounds studied in this series were more easily reduced than the parent methyl compound. A correlation between the change in the half-wave potentials and the Taft substituent constants (δ*) was noted for simple alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, etc. A correlation between the half-wave potentials and the apparent first-order rate constants ( k , sec. −l ) for hydroxyl ion catalyzed solvolysis was noted for several of the compounds studied.
The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor vascularization

Tumor vascularization is a highly complex process that involves the interaction between tumors and their surrounding stroma, as well as many distinct angiogenesis-regulating factors. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the most abundant cell components in the tumor environment and key contributors to cancer-related inflammation. A large body of evidence supports the notion that TAMs play a critical role in promoting the formation of an abnormal tumor vascular network and subsequent tumor progression and invasion. Clinical and experimental evidence has shown that high levels of infiltrating TAMs are associated with poor patient prognosis and tumor resistance to therapies. In addition to stimulating angiogenesis during tumor growth, TAMs enhance tumor revascularization in response to cytotoxic therapy (e.g., radiotherapy), thereby causing cancer relapse. In this review, we highlight the emerging data related to the phenotype and polarization of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the underlying mechanisms of macrophage function in the regulation of the angiogenic switch and tumor vascularization. Additionally, we discuss the potential of targeting pro-angiogenic TAMs, or reprograming TAMs toward a tumoricidal and angiostatic phenotype, to promote normalization of the tumor vasculature to enhance the outcome of cancer therapies.
Direct Measurement of Leptonic Coupling Asymmetries with Polarized Z Bosons

We present direct measurements of the Z{sup 0} -lepton coupling asymmetry parameters A{sub e} , A{sub {mu}} , and A{sub {tau}} , based on a data sample of 12063leptonic Z{sup 0} decays collected by the SLD detector. The Z bosons are produced in collisions of beams of polarized e{sup {minus}} with unpolarized e{sup +} at the SLAC Linear Collider. The couplings are extracted from the measurement of the left-right and forward-backward asymmetries for each lepton species. The results are A{sub e}=0.152{plus_minus}0.012(stat) {plus_minus}0.001(syst) , A{sub {mu}}=0.102{plus_minus}0.034{plus_minus}0.002 , and A{sub {tau}}=0.195{plus_minus}0.034{plus_minus}0.003 . {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Ag-Specific Type 1 CD8 Effector Cells Enhance Methotrexate-Mediated Antitumor Responses by Modulating Endogenous CD49b-Expressing CD4 and CD8 T Effector Cell Subpopulations Producing IL-10

The chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. Although its mechanism-of-action has been defined, less is known about its interaction with Ag-specific T cell-mediated antitumor responses. Type 1 CD8 T cell-mediated immune responses (Tc1) are cytolytic, produce IFN-gamma and are associated with effective antitumor responses. Using a murine transgenic TCR tumor model, we show that single-dose-treatment with methotrexate enhanced CD8-mediated type 1 antitumor responses when administered three days prior to Tc1 effector cell transfer. Co-treatment with methotrexate not only enhanced donor Tc1 cell accumulation and persistence at sites of primary tumor growth, but also promoted elevated levels of activated CD25(+) expressing donor TIL cells. This correlated with a marked decrease in the appearance of endogenous differentiated (CD44(High)) CD3/CD8/CD49b and CD3/CD4/CD49b tumor-infiltrating effector T cells at both early (Days 1-8) and late (Days 12-20) stages following treatment when compared to that of corresponding groups receiving either MTX or Tc1 cell transfer alone. Moreover, such cellular response kinetics appeared to further correlate with the down-regulation of endogenous CD4/CD44(High)/CD49b effector T cells producing IL-10 and delays in tumor growth in vivo. This suggested that Ag-specific Tc1 cell transfer, in combination with chemotherapy, can enhance antitumor responses by modulating select CD49b-expressing T effector/memory cell subpopulations involved in homeostasis and immune tolerance within the tumor environment. These studies offer insight into mechanisms that enhance T cell-based immunotherapy in cancer. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Immunological Investigations for the following free supplemental resource(s): Addendum 1.
Predicting the Effect of Land-Use Policies on Wildlife Habitat Abundance

Land-use change is arguably the most pervasive socioeconomic force driving the change and degradation of ecological systems and wildlife habitat. This paper integrates an econometric model of land use with a species-habitat association matrix to assess the effects of land use policies on land use changes and the resulting impacts on habitat abundance for 763 terrestrial vertebrates in four western states of the United States (California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho). Results suggest that if the goal is to protect biodiversity through habitat conservation, directly acquiring land and setting it aside for habitat preservation (e.g., by purchasing development rights) is more effective than policies that attempt to change the relative returns from different land uses. On peut dire que le changement d'affectation des terres constitue la force socioeconomique la plus repandue entrainant la modification et la degradation des ecosystemes et des habitats fauniques. Dans le present article, nous avons integre un modele econometrique d'affectation des terres et une matrice especes-habitats pour evaluer l'impact des politiques d'affectation des terres sur les changements d'affectation des terres et leurs repercussions sur l'abondance des habitats pour 763 vertebres terrestres dans quatre Etats de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis (Californie, Oregon, Washington et Idaho). Si l'objectif vise est la protection de la biodiversite par la conservation des habitats, les resultats semblent indiquer que l'acquisition directe de terres en vue de les reserver pour la preservation des habitats (en faisant l'acquisition de droits d'amenagement par exemple) est plus efficace que les politiques qui tentent de modifier les rendements relatifs tires des diverses affectations des terres.
Transition states for glucopyranose interconversion.

Glucose is a central molecule in biology and chemistry, and the anomerization reaction has been studied for more than 150 years. Transition-state structure is the last impediment to an in-depth understanding of its solution chemistry. We have measured kinetic isotope effects on the rate constants for approach of R-glucopyranose to its equilibrium with ‚-glucopyranose, and these were converted into unidirectional kinetic isotope effects using equilibrium isotope effects. Saturation transfer 13 C NMR spectroscopy has yielded the relative free energies of the transition states for the ring-opening and ring- closing reactions, and both transition states contribute to the experimental kinetic isotope effects. Both transition states of the anomerization process have been modeled with high-level computational theory with constraints from the primary, secondary, and solvent kinetic isotope effects. We have found the transition states for anomerization, and we have also concluded that it is forbidden for the water molecule to form a hydrogen bond bridge to both OH1 and O5 of glucose simultaneously in either transition state.
Defining how aging Pseudotsuga and Abies compensate for multiple stresses through multi-criteria assessment of a functional–structural model

Summary Many hypotheses have been advanced about factorsthatcontroltreelongevity.Weuseasimulationmodelwith multi-criteria optimization and Pareto optimality to determine branch morphologies in the Pinaceae that minimize the effect of growth limitations due to water stress while simultaneously maximizing carbohydrate gain. Two distinct branch morphologies in the Pareto optimal space resemble Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl., respectively. These morphologies are distinguished by their performance with respect to two pathways of compensation for hydraulic limitation: minimizing the mean path length to terminal foliage (Pseudotsuga) and minimizing the mean number of junction constrictions to terminal foliage (Abies). Within these two groups, we find tradeoffs between the criteria for foliage display and the criteria for hydraulic functioning, which shows that an appropriate framework for considering tree longevity is how trees compensate, simultaneously, for multiple stresses. The diverse morphologies that are found in a typical old-growth conifer forest may achieve compensation in different ways. The method of Pareto optimizatio nt hat we employ preserves all solutions that are successful in achieving different combinations of criteria. The model for branch development that we use simulates the process of delayed adaptive reiteration (DAR), whereby new foliage grows from suppressed buds within the established branch structure. We propose a theoretical synthesis for the role of morphology in the persistence of old Pseudotsuga based on the characteristics of branch morphogenesis found in branches simulated from the optimal set. (i) The primary constraint on branch growth for Pseudotsuga is the mean path length; (ii) as has been previously noted, DAR is an opportunistic architecture; and (iii) DAR is limited by the number of successive reiterations that can form. We show that Pseudotsuga morphology is not the only solution to old-growth constraints, and we suggest how the model results should be used to guide future empirical investigation based on the two contrasting morphologies and how the morphological contrast may relate to physiological processes. Our results show that multi-criteria optimization with Pareto optimality has promise to advance the use of models in theory development and in exploration of functional– structural trade-offs, particularly in complex biological systems with multiple limiting factors.
Dependence regulation in newlywed couples: A prospective examination.

According to the risk regulation model (S. L. Murray, J. G. Holmes, & N. L. Collins, 2006), people need to trust in their partner’s regard before they risk interdependence. This study prospectively examines the association between perceived regard and levels of dependence in newlywed couples over 9 years of marriage. Analyses demonstrate that changes in perceived regard predict levels of dependence, changes in dependence do not predict perceived regard, and alternative explanations cannot account for these effects. Further, changes in perceived regard prospectively predict divorce, and levels of dependence mediate this association. Results are discussed in terms of the dependence regulation component of the risk regulation model. Balancing the desire to seek connection with the need for self-protection is a complicated task. Seeking connection and interdependence is necessary for a satisfying relationship, but it also increases the likelihood and pain of rejection (Kelley, 1979; Simpson, 1987). Given this danger, people must determine the extent to which they are willing to risk interdependence. According to the risk regulation model (Murray, Holmes, & Collins, 2006), people only allow themselves to risk caring for and
Response to Cohen, and Steele, Borner, and Roberts

D, Seattle Children’sResearch Institute, P.O. Box 5371, M/S CW8-6, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA.E-mail: tonya.palermo@seattlechildrens.orgReceived and revisions received July 17, 2014; accepted July 20, 2014We appreciate the thoughtful commentaries by Cohenand by Steele, Borner, and Roberts on our recommenda-tions for competencies in pediatric psychology (Palermoet al., 2014). This type of dialogue is exactly what wehoped to see and we encourage continued discussion con-cerning training in competency development in pediatricpsychology.
Tailoring Electrolyte Composition for LiBOB

Realizing that organic carbonates might not be the optimum solvents for lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), efforts were made to tailor a "dedicated" electrolyte composition for this new salt. It was discovered that lactone-based cosolvents can effectively dissolve LiBOB up to high concentrations, and the electrolytes thus formulated generate high ionic conductivity as well as low interfacial resistance on graphitic electrode. However, lactones tend to increase the irreversible capacity associated with the 1.70 V reduction process of bis(oxalato)borate (BOB) anion on carbonaceous anode surface, while performances of the lithium-ion cells at elevated temperatures deteriorate with the lactone content. Thus, compromises have to be made by using linear carbonates to suppress the irreversible capacity in the formation cycles and ethylene carbonate to improve the thermal stability of the interfacial films formed. A preliminary study of LiBOB anodic stability on various cathode surfaces seems to indicate that the oxidative decomposition of BOB anion is catalyzed by Co-rich surfaces.
Development of the Enhanced Peripheral Detection Task: A Surrogate Test for Driver Distraction

Up to now, there is no standard methodology that addresses how driver distraction is affected by perceptual demand and working memory demand - aside from visual allocation. In 2009, the Peripheral Detection Task (PDT) became a NHTSA recommended measure for driver distraction [1]. Then the PDT task was renamed as the Detection Response Task (DRT) because the International Standards Organization (ISO) has identified this task as a potential method for assessing selective attention in detection of visual, auditory, tactile and haptic events while driving. The DRT is also under consideration for adoption as an ISO standard surrogate test for driver performance for new telematics designs. The Wayne State University (WSU) driver imaging group [2, 3] improved the PDT and created the Enhanced Peripheral Detection Task I (EPDT-I) [4]. The EPDT-I is composed of a simple visual event detection task and a video of a real-world driving scene. It is simple, easy to learn and run, and convenient for use in the lab, road, or brain imaging environments [5]. With the success of EPDT-I, the WSU driver imaging group further developed the Enhanced Peripheral Detection Task-II (EPDT-II; also called "Wayne State Enhanced DRT" or "Wayne State EDRT") by adding a number of features to engage participants more with the primary driving task and to assess attentional processes in greater detail. This research also compared performance in the EPDT-II at our lab, EEG, and neuroimaging environments to the open road for validation purposes [6]. In conclusion, the Wayne State EDRT provides a sensitive and up-to-date surrogate test for measuring driver distraction in the lab and on the road. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
Stricture Recurrence After Urethroplasty: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Urethroplasty remains the gold standard for the management of urethral stricture disease with acceptable long-term success. However, the standard by which stricture recurrence is defined and evaluated after urethral reconstruction remains widely variable. We conducted a systematic review of the urological literature to determine how stricture recurrence is defined and evaluated.Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted on all contemporary urethroplasty articles published between 2000 and 2008. Using the term “urethroplasty” 302 articles were identified and evaluated. A total of 86 articles were included in the analysis.Results: The overall recurrence rate for all reconstructive procedures was 15.6%, which remained stable between 2000 and 2008. Stricture recurrence was determined by a mean of 3 (range 1 to 8) different diagnostic tests. The most common primary diagnostic tests for recurrence were uroflowmetry (56% of articles) and retrograde urethrography (51%). Cystourethroscopy wa...
Modeling the Smpled-data System with a discontinuous Hold for Hard Disk Ramp Loading

This paper deals with modeling of the hard disk ramp loading with a discontinuous controller. The property of the sampled-data system with a discontinuous hold is studied. Further, explicit expression of the discrete-time transfer function of sampled-data systems with a discontinuous hold is provided for a class of continuous time plant. It is shown that with discontinuous hold, the hard disk plant sampled-time model is minimum-phase instead of non-minimum phase if with zero-order hold.
Ad hoc network security with geographical aids

Security problems in MANET in terms of authentication have been studied extensively in over two decades. However, relatively less attention has been dedicated to the security of the routing protocol itself. Threshold cryptography proved to be an effective scheme for key management and distribution. However it adds overhead to routing and increases traffic in the network. Furthermore, attacks such as wormhole and Denial of Service (DoS) can compromise routes through spoofing ARP or IP packets, passively or actively. We present a novel approach to facilitate certificate packet delivery and reduce the overhead caused by threshold cryptography. The new protocol combines threshold cryptography with routing discovery and employs a geography based filter to enhance security. Our experimental simulation indicated good performance of-the new approach.
Multi-carrier Techniques

This chapter begins with a discussion of OFDM on frequency-selective channels, and describes how a cyclic guard interval can be used to completely remove any intersymbol interference (ISI) in a very efficient fashion provided that the length of the cyclic guard interval is at least as long as the length of the overall discrete-time channel impulse response. The performance of OFDM on static ISI channels and fading ISI channels is then considered, in cases where the length of the guard interval is less than the length of the overall discrete-time channel impulse response. In this case, residual ISI is present which is shown to be devastating to the performance of OFDM. An effective technique is then presented to mitigate residual ISI, called residual ISI cancellation (RISIC) that uses a combination of tail cancellation and cyclic reconstruction. The chapter then considers the combination of single-carrier modulation with frequency domain equalization (FDE), a technique known as single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE). FDE is especially attractive on channels having long impulse responses where the complexity of time-domain equalizers can become prohibitive. Afterwards, a variety of topics related to OFDMA are considered. The use of OFDMA on both the forward and reverse link is covered, and issues such as sub-carrier allocation and time-domain windowing are considered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), including multiplexing methods and analysis of peak-to-average power ratio.
Transport limitations in electrodeposition for LIGA microdevice fabrication

To better understand and to help optimize the electroforming portion of the LIGA process, we have developed one and two- dimensional numerical models describing electrodeposition of metal into high aspect-ratio molds. The one-dimensional model addresses dissociation, diffusion, electromigration, and deposition of multiple ion species. The two-dimensional model is limited to a single species, but includes transport induced by forced flow of electrolyte outside the mold and by buoyancy associated with metal ion depletion within the mold. To guide model development and to validate these models, we have also conducted a series of laboratory experiments using a sulfamate bath to deposit nickel in cylindrical molds having aspect ratios up to twenty-five. The experimental results indicate that current densities well in excess of diffusion-limited currents may still yield acceptable morphologies in the deposited metal. However, the numerical models demonstrate that such large ion fluxes cannot be sustained by convection within the mold resulting from flow across the mold top. Instead, calculations suggest that the observed hundred-fold enhancement of transport probably results from natural convection within the molds and that buoyancy-driven flows may be critical to metal ion transport even in micron-scale features having very large aspect ratios. Taking advantage of this enhanced ion transport may allow order-of-magnitude reductions in electroforming times for LIGA microdevice fabrication.
The Search for Basic Dimensions of Personality

People’s interest in personality is so pervasive that one encounters assessment instruments in the most unlikely places. Recently, I happened to wander across a Spring Fair, an informal gathering of artists, craftspeople, cooks, and entertainers. One booth that piqued my interest was devoted to the “analysis of personality through handwriting.” Interested in the categories this handwriting analyst would find most important for personality description, I perused his hand-made “personality profile” which was on display at the booth. It consisted of a collection of about 60 trait-descriptive terms, such as assertive, energetic, generous, cooperative, perseverant, organizational ability, balanced, mature, imagination, creative, and analytical, which were grouped loosely under headings like Leadership, Economics, Behavior, Character, Emotions, and Thinking.
Predicting the need for medical therapy in patients with mild gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The enforcement of a one-step gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis would capture more patients with milder forms of glucose intolerance thereby increasing the incidence. We propose to identify characteristics predicting the need for medical therapy in such patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review of patients with mild GDM, defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 95 mg/dL on the 3-hour 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Patients requiring medical therapy for glucose control were compared with diet-controlled patients. A predictive model was constructed with variables of significance. RESULTS Included were 143 patients requiring medical therapy and 224 diet-treated patients. Mean FPG on 3-hour OGTT, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and BMI at 26 to 30 weeks were all significantly higher in patients requiring therapy. Combining several variables produced a predictive model with 76% sensitivity, 52% specificity, 48% positive predictive value, and 78% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal factors (alone or in combination) do not allow for prediction of the possible need for therapy in mild GDM patients.
Highly efficient dual head 100mJ TEM00 Nd:YAG Oscillator

Abstract A diode-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser employing a dual-pump zig-zag slab head scheme in an unstable resonator configuration for use in space-based planetary altimetry or atmospheric LIDAR is described. The pump heads are aligned orthogonally to each other, producing a symmetric overall thermal lens that eliminates the need for an intracavity cylindrical lens and aperture. This laser has demonstrated over 100 mJ in Q-switched operation with high optical efficiency (24%), good beam quality, high pointing stability, and large operational margins for multi-billion shot lifetimes.
Improving Analytical Methods for Ceramic Food Containers in National Hygienic Standard

Objective To revise GB/T 5009.62—2003 and provide technical support for the revision of GB13121— 1991 Hygienic standard for ceramic food containers.Method It is suggested to keep flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) in,remove dithizone colorimetry(DSMP) from,add inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS) to the latest edition of GB /T 5009.62.The detecting conditions and technical parameters for ICP-MS and GFAAS were optimized through researches on methodology and interlaboratory comparison.Results The migration of lead and cadmium from ceramic food containers were detected by ICP-MS and GFAAS.The limit of quantitation(LOQ) of lead was 1.0 μg /L(as ICP-MS) and 2.5 μg /L(as GFAAS),and the LOQ of cadmium was 0.1 μg /L(both ICP-MS and GFAAS).The recovery rate of adding standards of lead rates were 89.0%-114%(as ICP-MS) and 88.2%-110%(as GFAAS),and the recovery rates of adding standards of cadmium were 86.2%-94.0%(as ICP-MS) and 90.0%-108%(as GFAAS) in the inter-laboratory.The migration of lead and cadmium from 60 ceramic food container samples produced from different origins were tested by ICP-MS and GFAAS,no statistically significant differences between these two methods were observed by paired t-test.Conclusion ICP-MS and GFAAS are the most advanced analytical technology with high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting trace amount of lead and cadmium.The migration of many trace metals released from ceramic surface could be detected at the same time by ICP-MS.As the GB /T 13121 is going to be revised,more stringent limits for the migration of lead and cadmium from products made by different technologies might be stipulated.Introducing ICP-MS and GFAAS to GB /T 5009.62 is necessary.
An Application of Modular Hyperbolas to Quadratic Residues

There are many elementary proofs of the classical result that −1 is a quadratic residue of an odd prime p if and only if p ≡ 1 (mod 4). In this note we prove this result by using the symmetries of ...
Synthesis of ribonucleic acid in L cells during inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide.

The role of protein synthesis in ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis was studied using the antibiotic cycloheximide to dissociate the synthesis of these macromolecules in L cells growing in suspension culture. The experimental evidence indicated that uninterrupted synthesis of protein was required for normal ribosomal RNA formation and for normal transport of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.
Message From the Outgoing Editor-in-Chief

My three-year term as the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits has now come to an end. It has been a pleasure and an honor for me to serve as Editor-in-Chief. The JSSC is the premier publication in the area of integrated circuit design. It has a unique impact both on the research community and on industry. By all metrics, the JSSC is consistently one of the very top IEEE publications. Furthermore, the fact that it is the most cited journal in U.S. patents shows its broad impact on circuit design research and practice.
Critical Review of Contributions to the Jahn-Teller Symposium JT2010 and Beyond

A review of some important problems presented at the XX International Symposium on the Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) is given, outlining also the author’s view on some controversial issues. It is shown that the presentation of the pseudo JTE (PJTE) as a second order perturbation-theory correction (and hence called “second order JTE”) is misleading. The PJTE is a two-level (multilevel) problem that can only be reduced to a second order perturbation in very limited cases when there is no term crossover or when the crossing between the interaction states is avoided. This statement is illustrated by several examples demonstrating also the possibilities of the PJTE as a tool for molecular and solid state problem solving. The possible reason of the puzzling, drastically different results obtained for the magnitude of tunneling splitting in the impurity system MgO : Cu2 + by experimental EPR measurements and theoretical ab initio calculations is discussed. More specifically, it is suggested that a reinterpretation of the experimental results is needed, while the calculations can be improved by taking into account the multimode nature of the problem. A brief discussion of the relation between orbital ordering and the cooperative JTE is given in view of a talk presented to the Symposium under an incorrect (wrong) title of “failure of the JTE physics”. More elaborate is the controversy around the origin of ferroelectricity in perovskite type crystals, mostly BaTiO3, discussed in a plenary talk to the Symposium. The vibronic PJT origin and order-disorder nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in these crystals, predicted many years ago and presently fully confirmed experimentally, serves also as an indication of the predictive ability of the PJTE and should be recognized as such. Some historical notes were also made with regard of the JT origin of high-temperature superconductivity discussed in a plenary talk to the Symposium.
Infection and Sepsis

In this chapter, we address the battle between host and microbe in the burn patient. A multiplicity of infection types is discussed, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line infection, UTI, and burn wound infection. The paradigm of treatment for these infections is explained, as well as specific pathogens of concern and the agents of their coverage in modern practice. Sepsis, defined differently in the burn patient, is discussed along with the reasons behind this difference.
Spatial object detection and classification in JPEG bitstreams

To reduce storage and transmission requirements, digital images are generally compressed in some fashion. Consequently, if one is interested in detecting and classifying spatial objects of interest within an image, it might, in many instances, be more efficient to do so in the compressed domain because less data would need to be processed and the computation required to decode the image would be avoided. In our earlier work, we have shown that object detection in the JPEG bitstream domain is both effective and efficient. In this paper, we expand on this earlier work, addressing issues such as detection within a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) context, detection over multiple frames, and multiple objects classification - all within the bitstream of a JPEG-compressed image.
Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of atezolizumab for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is difficult to manage for patients who progress during or after initial chemotherapy regimens. Current regimens offer low response rates with high toxicities. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent a new opportunity for effective management of these patients.Areas covered: Atezolizumab is an engineered humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody that binds selectively to PD-L1 and prevents its interaction with PD-1 and B7-1. It is administered intravenously and is given every 3 weeks as long as there is no evidence of tumor progression. Phase I trials confirmed antitumor activity of atezolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Phase II trials showed an improved response rate and a longer durable response than current conventional therapy. Phase III trials are currently underway with an estimated accrual end date of 2017.Expert opinion: MIBC is a high-risk disease, and after progression on curre...
Annotations on the virtual element method for second-order elliptic problems

This document contains working annotations on the Virtual Element Method (VEM) for the approximate solution of diffusion problems with variable coefficients. To read this document you are assumed to have familiarity with concepts from the numerical discretization of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and, in particular, the Finite Element Method (FEM). This document is not an introduction to the FEM, for which many textbooks are available. Eventually, this document will evolve into a tutorial introduction to the VEM (but this is really a long-term goal).
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS PENILAIAN PERMOHONAN KREDIT PERBANKAN

T he bank must implement analyzing the financial statements which are owned by the company. The purpose of analyzing this is to look at what the effectiveness of the assessment of the credit application. The analysis of financial statements that will be made by the bank were assessed using Liquidity Ratio, Solvency Ratios and Profitability Ratios. Financial statement analysis techniques using liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and profitability ratios used by the bank to assess the financial condition of the company applying for credit. Analyzing these will describe the financial condition of the company which will be how much the effectiveness of the assessment of the credit application. This is done because the bank wants to know the rate of return of the company to the bank. Then the analysis is done by the bank before deciding on a loan application is accepted or rejected The data obtained through observation and documentation techniques. Analysis of the financial statements to obtain data as DEF and GHI berikunya company received credit for the analysis report perrmohonan keuanganya dlihat of liquidity, solvency and profitability showed a value above the average standard bank. JKL Company credit application is not accepted because it did not conform lower than standard bank Keywords : financial statements, the effectiveness of credit scoring
Ancient shapes, modern measures: A quantitative method to describe bedrock ground stone shape

Bedrock ground stone features, found throughout the world, are particularly concentrated in the canyons of the Southern Plains of North America. Morphological analysis offers powerful tools for developing descriptions of bedrock ground stone (BGS) which can be used to discuss how prehistoric landscapes were inhabited. Metric representations of morphological variation can be used to test hypotheses about the nature of BGS features, which are often difficult to investigate and analyze. This paper presents a morphological approach to describe and analyze BGS surfaces in a side canyon of southeastern Colorado which can be applied by researchers to datasets in other regions. Results indicate that while variation exists, the BGS design (as determined by shape and size) are similar across the side canyon supporting the hypothesis that the canyon was occupied by a group of closely related people through time; although not all sites were used in the same manner.
Semantic Web Standards: Legal and Social Issues and Implications

Bioinformatics represents a paradigm shift in basic science research, requiring the interoperability of numerous diverse and distinct databases. The Semantic Web, through its standards, tools and languages, will give research labs, particularly bioinformatics labs, the ability to easily and automatically integrate across the varied biological databases. Although Berners-Lee eschewed proprietary standards in the creation of the Web, favoring royalty free standards, there are still numerous legal concerns with regard to the standard setting process, particularly implications for antitrust and intellectual property law. This chapter will describe the social process of creating standards within academic science, and outline some of the legal concerns -particularly related to antitrust and intellectual property issues, making some suggestions that might assist the regulation of difficulties of a legal nature in standardizing data and prevent a legal morass from arising out creating and setting standards for the Semantic Web.
Neural Control Systems

Like other multicelled animals, the cells of the human body are organized into highly specialized organs and organ systems that perform specific biological functions (digestion, physical movement, respiration, etc.). The primary function of the nervous system is to coordinate the physiological activity of the different organ systems in response to the demands of the external environment.
Case 39: Central Venous Access and the Obese Patient

You are scheduled to anesthetize a 54-year-old 160 kg, 183 cm tall (BMI = 47.8 kg/m2, ASA 3) man with vasospasm for cerebral angiography. He had been admitted to the ICU 3 days earlier, following an emergency craniotomy for a subarachnoid hemorrhage. When you meet him in the radiology suite, he responds sluggishly to verbal commands but reacts to pain. His heart rate is regular at 66 beats per minute and the blood pressure is 160/90. The neurosurgeon is happy with that pressure. An endotracheal tube had been removed 12 h previously. He is breathing spontaneously on an oxygen mask, providing 2 liters of oxygen per min. His vital signs are within normal limits. His only IV access is a triple lumen right subclavian venous catheter (16 cm long) (Arrowgard Blue Plus Multi-lumen CVC, Arrow International, Inc. Reading, PA 19605). This had been inserted at the time of the original operation. Through the proximal lumen of this catheter IV, propofol 100 mcg/kg/min is being infused for sedation. Via the medial lumen, neo-synephrine 200 mcg/kg/min is given for pressure support. Maintenance fluid is given through the distal port. You review the previous anesthesia team’s note in their anesthesia record. They report no problem with airway management. Despite that, you make sure you have a fiber-optic cart, bougie, etc. available. You check the anesthetic machine and make sure your anesthesia equipment and all your anesthesia drugs are ready. You call for a colleague to come and give cricoid pressure. He arrives and you look set to start the anesthetic.
ÍNDICE DE REVISORES 2016

Reconocimiento a los revisores de Lux Medica 2016. La tarea de la revision, que el dictaminador realiza sin saber a quien evalua, se continua con la buena disposicion de los autores para corregir sus trabajos, atendiendo las observaciones, tambien anonimas, de los dictamenes. Reciban nuestro agradecimiento, revisores y dictaminadores que participaron durante el ano 2016.
Parathyroid hormone independently predicts fracture, vascular events, and death in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease

Doctors do not know whether treatment of high parathyroid hormone levels is linked to better outcomes in their patients with kidney disease. In this study, lower parathyroid hormone levels at baseline were linked to lower risk of fracture, vascular events, and death in people with kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~ 20% of older adults, and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a common condition in these patients. To what degree HPT predicts fractures, vascular events, and mortality in pre-dialysis CKD patients is debated. In stage 3 and 4 CKD patients, we assessed relationships between baseline serum PTH levels and subsequent 10-year probabilities of clinical fractures, vascular events, and death. We used Marshfield Clinic Health System electronic health records to analyze data from adult CKD patients receiving care between 1985 and 2013, and whose PTH was measured using a second-generation assay. Covariates included PTH, age, gender, tobacco use, vascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, GFR, and use of osteoporosis medications. Five thousand one hundred eight subjects had a mean age of 68 ± 17 years, 48% were men, and mean follow-up was 23 ± 10 years. Fractures, vascular events, and death occurred in 18%, 71%, and 56% of the cohort, respectively. In univariate and multivariate models, PTH was an independent predictor of fracture, vascular events, and death. The hazards of fracture, vascular events and death were minimized at a baseline PTH of 0, 69, and 58 pg/mL, respectively. We found that among individuals with stage 3 and 4 CKD, PTH was an independent predictor of fractures, vascular events, and death. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm these findings. If a target PTH range can be confirmed, then randomized placebo-controlled trials will be needed to confirm that treating HPT reduces the risk of fracture, vascular events, and death.