cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supervised Discriminative EEG Brain Source Imaging with Graph Regularization

As Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique that records the electric field on the scalp instead of direct measuring activities of brain voxels on the cortex, many approaches were proposed to estimate the activated sources due to its significance in neuroscience research and clinical applications. However, since most part of the brain activity is composed of the spontaneous neural activities or non-task related activations, true task relevant activation sources can be very challenging to be discovered given strong background signals. For decades, the EEG source imaging problem was solved in an unsupervised way without taking into consideration the label information that representing different brain states (e.g. happiness, sadness, and surprise). A novel model for solving EEG inverse problem called Graph Regularized Discriminative Source Imaging (GRDSI) was proposed, which aims to explicitly extract the discriminative sources by implicitly coding the label information into the graph regularization term. The proposed model is capable of estimating the discriminative brain sources under different brain states and encouraging intra-class consistency. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed framework in retrieving the discriminative sources.
Urban Folk Medicine: A Functional Overview

Social and economic functions of folk illness and folk medicine are fairly well known for rural contexts but still lack codification for urban milieus. In this exploratory paper, folk health practices are examined in terms of their response to urban socioeconomic characteristics. Such practices appear to serve functions of acculturation, guilt displacement resulting from failure to achieve, and subgroup identity maintenance, among others. Folk practices are resilient, readily shifting to adjunct functions of healing under pressure from effective modern medical and welfare systems. [medical anthropology, urban anthropology, curanderismo, ethnology, health]
Perioperative Management of the Geriatric Patient

It is obvious and well known that the geriatric population is growing in number and complexity in modern surgical practice. Advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques, combined with sophisticated perioperative monitoring are some of the reasons for the complexity. Therefore, a more comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is necessary to adequately address the significant differences in physiology and outcomes presented by this challenging group. The optimal goal of surgical critical care for geriatric patients is not only to reduce mortality rates, but for them to maintain and preserve a good quality of life and increase their ability to return to their pre-injury level of function and independence. Ideally, following discharge, patients should be able to live independently, healthfully, and be reintegrated into their previous social life. The mortality of intensive care patients increases gradually with age and reaches around 20% in patients between 60 and 75 years of age. Obviously the mortality rate of older patients is much greater than for the younger cohorts [1].
Ultrasonic backscatter difference measurements of cancellous bone from the human femur: Relation to bone mineral density and microstructure

Ultrasonic backscatter techniques are being developed to detect changes in cancellous bone caused by osteoporosis. One technique, called the backscatter difference technique, measures the power difference between two portions of a backscatter signal. The goal of the present study is to investigate how bone mineral density (BMD) and the microstructure of human cancellous bone influence four backscatter difference parameters: the normalized mean of the backscatter difference (nMBD) spectrum, the normalized slope of the backscatter difference spectrum, the normalized intercept of the backscatter difference spectrum, and the normalized backscatter amplitude ratio (nBAR). Ultrasonic measurements were performed with a 3.5 MHz broadband transducer on 54 specimens of human cancellous bone from the proximal femur. Volumetric BMD and the microstructural characteristics of the specimens were measured using x-ray micro-computed tomography. Of the four ultrasonic parameters studied, nMBD and nBAR demonstrated the strongest univariate correlations with density and microstructure. Multivariate analyses indicated that nMBD and nBAR depended on trabecular separation and possibly other microstructural characteristics of the specimens independently of BMD. These findings suggest that nMBD and nBAR may be sensitive to changes in the density and microstructure of bone caused by osteoporosis.
A Biosensor That Monitors Mammalian Cells with Electrical Fields

Although many biosensors are designed to be highly specific for a particular analyte, there is interest in designing sensors that can respond to a wide variety of chemical and physical stimuli in an integrated fashion. A famous case of this before the advent of biotechnology was the practice of bringing a canary into a coal mine. Because of the bird’s higher metabolic rate, it was more sensitive than humans to any situation causing a lack of oxygen such as methane or carbon monoxide build up in the mine. The canary integrated all of the atmospheric conditions, and if the bird stopped singing, it was time for the miners to scramble to the exits.
Turner Syndrome, Kallmann Syndrome and Noonan Syndrome

Delayed puberty is defined as the absence of any sign of puberty in a child at a chronologic age 2 standard deviations above the mean age of pubertal development for a given population. Normal puberty is initiated by the onset of pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. These pulses cause release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. These pituitary gonadotropins then circulate to the gonads and stimulate production of sex steroids. The differential diagnosis of pubertal delay is extensive but can most easily be divided into three categories: The first group represents temporary delays of puberty that are functional disorders, most commonly, constitutional delay of growth and puberty. The second is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in which hypothalamic or pituitary failure results in deficiency of circulating gonadotropins. Finally, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism results from primary gonadal failure, with subsequent lack of negative feedback of sex steroids at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels resulting in elevated serum gonadotropin levels.
GREEDY RECOGNITION AND COLORING ALGORITHMS FOR INDIFFERENCE GRAPHS

ABSTRACT A fundamental problem in social sciences and management is understanding and predicting decisions made by individuals, various groups, or the society as a whole. In this context, one important concept is the notion of indifference. We characterize the class of indifference graphs, that is, graphs which arise in the process of quantifying indifference relations. In particular, we show that these graphs are characterized by the existence of a special ordering of their vertices. As it turns out, this ordering leads naturally to optimal greedy recognition and coloring algorithms for indifference graphs.
Grieving and death rituals of Latinos.

Purpose/objectives To describe the grieving behaviors and selected death beliefs and rituals for two Latino groups: island Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants. Data sources Published articles, book chapters, books, government documents, and clinical experience. Data synthesis Limited scientific research exists on the grieving process and beliefs about death of Latinos. Death is seen as an extension of life in some Latino cultures, a belief that seems to assist positively in the grieving process. Rituals and ceremonies to honor the dead still are practiced in many Latino cultures and are rooted partly in their cultural heritage. Conclusions Nurses caring for Latinos with cancer can provide better care with an understanding of grieving behaviors observed early in the disease process and at the time of imminent death. Implications for nursing practice Culturally competent care can be given when beliefs and values about death are understood. Allowing Latino clients to grieve and honor the dead in a culturally appropriate way will enhance the nurse/client/family relationship.
Do people plan to tap their home equity in retirement

Many of today's workers are at risk of having insufficient resources in retirement. The reason for this gloomy picture is a rapidly changing retirement landscape defined by a rising Social Security retirement age, a sharp decline in traditional pensions coupled with modest 401(k) balances, and longer life spans. Yet, in spite of these trends, Americans have not responded by saving more on their own. Outside of employer-sponsored pension plans, individuals save virtually nothing for retirement.
Nitrous oxide cycling in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific as inferred from isotopic and isotopomeric data

Abstract The ocean accounts for up to 25% of global emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Much of this N2O flux occurs in upwelling regions near the ocean's oxygen deficient zones (ODZs), areas known for intense N2O cycling. The Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) ODZ is one such area, and large uncertainties surround the balance of processes regulating N2O production and emission in this region. Here we examined the distributions of dissolved N2O concentration and stable isotopic composition, in concert with nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) isotopic ratios, to understand the mechanisms that drive N2O production, consumption, and emission from the ETSP ODZ. Keeling plot analysis identified N2O production from both nitrification and denitrification (or nitrifier-denitrification) in the near-surface and in the oxycline, where the largest accumulations of N2O were found. In the N2O concentration maximum that occurs below the ODZ, a higher 15N site preference (SP) indicated nitrification was more prominent. Within the ODZ, significant enrichments were apparent in δ15Nbulk (14–22‰), δ18ON2O (68–100‰) and SP (39–60‰), implying active N2O consumption. Further scrutiny of N2O isotope data in the ODZ highlights a deviation from the relative increases in δ18ON2O and SP expected for bacterial denitrification. At high levels of N2O consumption, SP increased more than expected for the increase in δ18ON2O. This appeared to be due, at least in part, to a decrease in δ15Nβ driven by N2O production in the ODZ, rather than further increases in δ15Nα. Isotopic analysis of co-occurring NO3- and NO2- suggests that NO3- may be the dominant source of N2O in the offshore ETSP ODZ.
Overcoming integrated photonics challenges to enable next-generation optical microsystems (Conference Presentation)

After many years of directed investment, integrated photonics technologies have begun to enable sophisticated solutions for fiber-optic communications. The increasing maturity and availability of photonic integrated circuits will ultimately enable a variety of revolutionary chip-scale applications including LIDAR, chemical and biological sensing, precision metrology, quantum information processing, and free-space laser communications. However, providing impact in applications beyond datacom has proved challenging because the toolset developed for digital communications often fails to meet the broader needs of new applications. This talk describes DARPA efforts to improve passive and active integrated photonics components, along with relevant programs that are driving technology innovation. The Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks (MOABB) program is an effort to develop optical LIDAR using planar photonics components in the place of bulky optics and slow, costly mechanical beam steering elements. MOABB creates an optical phased array which combines coherent light from individual emitter elements placed on a wavelength-scale pitch. Electrically-addressed phase modulators control directionality for transmit and receive functions. Key MOABB device challenges include the dense integration of small phase modulators, high-power tunable lasers, and high-speed drive electronics. The Direct On-chip Digital Optical Synthesizer (DODOS) program seeks to develop a chip-scale optical frequency synthesizer using a self-referenced optical frequency comb to precisely control the output of a narrowband tunable laser. DODOS has driven the development of high Q microresonators, chip-scale modelocked lasers, efficient frequency doublers, and wideband passive elements that operate with low loss across an octave of spectrum.
SYMPTOMATIC ARRHYTHMIAS IN A PATIENT WITH ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY (COMMON PRESENTATION OF AN UNCOMMON DISEASE)

Anomalous Coronary Artery arising from Opposite Sinus (ACAOS) is rare anomaly which does not generally lead to heart block & PSVT A 47 years old active, healthy woman presented with dyspnea on exertion & palpitations. On long term cardiac monitor, she had multiple episodes of high-grade AV block
DOUBLE VALVE REPLACEMENT UTILIZING THE LAMPOON TECHNIQUE

There is no consensus guideline for patients with moderate aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter mitral valve replacement. A 51 year-old male with a past medical history significant for coronary artery disease status post coronary artery bypass grafting, end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis,
The Impact of Transitioning to Prospective Contouring and Planning Rounds as Peer Review.

Abstract Purpose Our peer-review program previously consisted of weekly chart rounds performed before the end of the first week of treatment. In order to perform peer review before the start of treatment when possible, we implemented daily prospective contouring and planning rounds (CPR). Methods and materials At the time of computed tomography simulation, patients were categorized by the treating physician into 5 treatment groups based on urgency and complexity (ie, standard, urgent, palliative nonemergent, emergent, and special procedures). A scoring system was developed to record the outcome of case presentations, and the results of the CPR case presentations were compared with the time period 2.5 years before CPR implementation, for which peer review was performed retrospectively. Results CPR was implemented on October 1, 2015, and a total of 4759 patients presented for care through May 31, 2018. The majority were in the standard care path (n = 3154; 66.3%). Among the remainder of the charts, 358 (7.5%), 430 (9.0%), and 179 (3.8%) cases were in the urgent, nonemergent palliative, and emergent care paths, respectively. The remaining patients were in the special procedures group, representing brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. A total of 125 patients (2.6%) required major changes and were re-presented after the suggested modifications, 102 patients (2.1%) had minor recommendations that did not require a repeat presentation, and 247 cases (5.2%) had minor documentation-related recommendations that did not require editing of the contours. In the 2.5 years before the implementation, records of a total of 1623 patients were reviewed, and only 9 patients (0.6%) had minor recommendation for change. The remainder was noted as complete agreement. Conclusions Contouring and planning rounds were successfully implemented at our clinic. Pretreatment and, most often, preplanning review of contours and directives allows for a more detailed review and changes to be made early on in the treatment planning process. When compared with historical case presentations, the CPR method made our peer review more thorough and improved standardization.
Quantitative Reconstruction and Denoising Method HyBER for Hyperspectral Image Data and Its Application to CRISM

We propose a new algorithm, hypothesis-based estimation with regularization (HyBER), to reconstruct and denoise hyperspectral image data without extra statistical assumptions. The hypothesis test selects the best statistical model approximating measurements based on the data only. A regularized maximum log-likelihood estimation method is derived based on the selected model. A spatially dependent weighting on the regularization penalty is presented, substantially eliminating row artifacts that are due to nonuniform sampling. A new spectral weighting penalty is introduced to suppress varying detector-related noise. HyBER generates reconstructions with sharpened images and spectra in which the noise is suppressed, whereas fine-scale mineral absorptions are preserved. The performance is quantitatively analyzed for simulations with 0.002% relative error, which is better than the traditional nonstatistical methods (baselines) and statistical methods with improper assumptions. When applied to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars data, the spatial resolution and contrast are approximately two times better as compared to map projecting data without the use of HyBER.
The Mechanism of Manipulation

A growing body of literature has shown that non-democratic regimes, particularly autocrats, have a range of strategies in their toolbox to manipulate elections. They are employed at various stages and different state institutions are used, separately or together, to ensure a victory for the incumbent. This chapter provides a detailed description of the methods used in the 2018 election in Bangladesh. It argues that the election commission, law enforcing agencies, civil administration, and the ruling party played pivotal roles and were in cahoots with each other. Arrests of opposition activists and candidates, allowing the ruling party activists to attack the rivals in the presence of police, adopting a double standard in disqualification of candidates were the tactics used. Besides, there is credible evidence that ballots in favor of ruling party candidates were stuffed in the ballot box the previous night.
Community-based participatory approaches to neurogenetic syndrome research

Abstract Individuals with neurogenetic syndromes comprise a large subset of the population of people with intellectual disability. Members of neurogenetic syndrome communities, including self-advocates, caregivers, family members, and service providers, can be valuable partners in translational research and its application to intervention and advocacy. This paper examines the applicability of a community-based participatory research approach, one characterized by equitable involvement and shared responsibility of community members, practitioners, and researchers in conducting research with neurogenetic syndrome communities. We first provide a rationale for enhancing academic research partnerships with neurogenetic syndrome communities. We then describe how a community-based participatory research framework can be applied to conducting neurogenetic syndrome research with an examination of nine common principles and seven steps to conducting this type of work. We conclude by discussing specific challenges to conducting community-based participatory research with neurogenetic syndrome communities and suggest opportunities for future directions of this work.
Statistical Delay and Error-Rate Bounded QoS Provisioning for mURLLC Over 6G CF M-MIMO Mobile Networks in the Finite Blocklength Regime

In supporting the new 6G standard traffic services-massive ultra-reliable low-latency communications (mURLLC), several advanced techniques, including statistical delay-bounded quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning theory and finite blocklength coding (FBC), have been developed to upper-bound both delay and error-rate for time-sensitive multimedia applications. On the other hand, cell-free (CF) massive multi-input multioutput (m-MIMO), where a large number of distributed access points (APs) jointly serve a massive number of mobile devices using the same time-frequency resources, has emerged as one of the 6G key promising techniques to significantly improve various QoS performances for supporting mURLLC. However, it is challenging to statistically guarantee stringent mURLLC QoS-requirements for transmitting multimedia traffics over CF m-MIMO and FBC based 6G wireless networks. To overcome these problems, we develop analytical models to precisely characterize the delay and error-rate bounded QoS performances while considering non-vanishing decode-error probability for CF m-MIMO based schemes. In particular, we develop FBC based system models and apply the Mellin transform to characterize arrival/service processes for our proposed CF m-MIMO modeling schemes. Then, we formulate and solve the delay violation probability minimization problem and obtain the closed-form solution of the optimal rate adaptation policy for each mobile user over 6G CF m-MIMO mobile wireless networks in the finite blocklength regime. Our simulation results validate and evaluate our proposed schemes for statistical delay and error-rate bounded QoS provisioning.
Adjustable Gastric Banding: Why Did It Fail?

At its peak in the 2000s, as many as 25% of bariatric procedures were adjustable gastric banding. However, the declining utilization of this procedure in the wake of more contemporary procedures warrants examination. This chapter will summarize the history and development of adjustable gastric banding, describe the mechanistic features of the once-innovative procedure, and discuss the reported outcomes of banding in the literature. A narrative summary of the over-exaggeration of predicted weight loss; frequency for revision, removal and/or conversion; and the advent of more effective procedures are all cited as factors for the procedure’s decline and ultimate failure.
The #Path2Path Virtual Landscape During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preparing for the 2020 Pathology Residency Recruitment Season

On May 11, 2020, the Association of American Medical Colleges released recommendations discouraging in-person activities for away rotations and mandating virtual-only residency recruitment intervie...
Aggressive pursuit and utilization of non-ideal donor lungs does not compromise post-lung transplant survival.

Background Organ procurement organizations (OPOs) vary in willingness to pursue and utilize non-ideal donor lungs; implications of these practices for lung transplant (LTx) recipients remain unclear. We examined associations between OPO-level behavior toward non-ideal donors and post-LTx outcomes. Methods Adult lung donors and corresponding adult first-time LTx recipients in the 2008-2019 UNOS registry were included. Non-ideal donors had any of age > 50, smoking history ≥20 pack-years, PaO2 /FiO2 ratio ≤350, donation after circulatory death, or increased risk status. OPOs were classified as least, moderately, or most aggressive based on non-ideal donor pursuit, consent attainment, lung recovery, and transplantation. Post-transplant outcomes were compared among aggressiveness strata. Results Of 22,795 recipients, 6229 (27.3%), 8256 (36.2%), and 8310 (36.5%) received lungs from least, moderately, and most aggressive OPOs, respectively. Moderately aggressive OPOs had the highest recipient rates of pre-discharge acute rejection, grade 3 primary graft dysfunction, postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and longest lengths of stay. After adjustment, moderately and most aggressive OPOs had similar risks of recipient mortality as least aggressive OPOs. Conclusions The most and least aggressive OPOs achieve similar patient survival and short-term post-LTx outcomes. Aggressive pursuit and utilization of non-ideal donor lungs by less aggressive OPOs would likely expand the donor pool, without compromising recipient outcomes.
A (Dis)Pleasure of Influence: George Rochberg's Caprice Variations for Unaccompanied Violin (1973)

In “A (Dis)Pleasure of Influence: George Rochberg's Caprice Variations for Unaccompanied Violin (1973)” I bring together Harold Bloom's The Anxiety of Influence, several recent and particularly successful adaptations of Bloom to music, and offer a theory of musical (dis)pleasure informed by post-Lacanian psychoanalysis.
Why is one Bacillus alpha-amylase more resistant against irreversible thermoinactivation than another?

Half-lives of Bacillus alpha-amylases at 90 degrees C and pH 6.5 greatly increase in the series from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus stearothermophilus to Bacillus licheniformis, e.g. the difference in thermostability between the first and the third enzymes exceeds 2 orders of magnitude. This stabilization is achieved by lowering the rate constant of monomolecular conformational scrambling, which is the cause of irreversible thermoinactivation of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylases, so that for B. licheniformis alpha-amylase, another process, deamidation of Asn/Gln residues, emerges as the cause of inactivation. The extra thermostability of the thermophilic enzyme was found to be mainly due to additional salt bridges involving a few specific lysine residues (Lys-385 and Lys-88 and/or Lys-253). These stabilizing electrostatic interactions reduce the extent of unfolding of the enzyme molecule at high temperatures, consequently making it less prone to forming incorrect (scrambled) structures and thus decreasing the overall rate of irreversible thermoinactivation. The implications of these findings for protein engineering are discussed.
Method for the genetic labeling of cryptic plasmids.

Abstract A recently developed method for detecting transposition was employed to genetically "label" conjugative plasmids such as F and Ent P307, which do not normally exhibit a readily identifiable phenotype.
Neutral red uptake by corneal epithelial cells and by injury-activated corneal stromal cells: I. A comparison of the effects of various metabolic inhibitors and lysosome labilizing and stabilizing agents*

Corneal connective tissue cells are activated by injury to take up the vital dye neutral red. Corneal epithelial cells, on the other hand, concentrate large quantities of the dye under normal conditions. Evidence is presented which suggests that neutral red is taken up by lysosomes of both cell types. A comparative study of the influence of various classes of metabolic poisons was undertaken. Very different patterns of inhibition were observed between the two cell types. Whereas dye uptake by injury-activated corneal connective tissue cells was significantly inhibited by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, oxidase inhibitors, sulfhydryl group inhibitors, fluoride and several types of nitrophenols, no effect of these inhibitors was observed on the uptake of neutral red by epithelial cells. Uptake of neutral red by both cell types was inhibited by low temperatures, caffeine and urethane. By the use of dinitrophenol to exhaust the endogenous metabolic support of dye uptake by injury-activated corneal connective tissue cells, it could be demonstrated that glucose (but not fructose, pyruvate could support dye uptake. Inhibition of dye uptake by injury-activated corneal connective tissue cells in the presence of dicumarol as well as certain nitrophenols suggested a possible role of a quinone oxidase in support of dye uptake. A striking correlation was found between the zone of maximal stromal cell uptake of neutral red after injury and the zone of cells which is activated from quiescent fibrocytes of fibroblasts within 24–48 hr after injury.
Concordance of parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy in ocular hypertension with visual field defects that accompany glaucoma development.

Abstract Objective To determine whether the extent and location of progressive parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy noted in some patients with ocular hypertension are correlated with the extent and location of visual field defects that occur with progression to glaucoma. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Participants Thirty patients with ocular hypertension who had progressive changes of parapapillary atrophy develop before clinically detectable optic disc or visual field damage. Main outcome measures Assessment of changes in the parapapillary atrophy and visual field parameters. Methods Baseline and follow-up optic disc photographs and visual field test results were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the extent of parapapillary atrophy observed during the ocular hypertension period and initial visual field abnormalities detected after glaucoma development, as well as their spatial relationship, was statistically analyzed. Results The extent of progressive changes of the parapapillary atrophy detected during the ocular hypertension period was correlated with the extent of changes in the visual field parameters, including corrected pattern standard deviation and mean deviation measured after glaucoma development (Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, P = 0.026, P = 0.037, respectively). In addition, the visual field abnormalities occurred in the corresponding quadrants of the progressive parapapillary atrophy. Analysis of the spatial relationship revealed that the location of progressive changes of the parapapillary atrophy was concordant with the location of visual field abnormalities in 78% of the quadrants (94 of 120 quadrants) (chi-square test, P = 0.001). Conclusions The extent and location of visual field abnormalities that develop in ocular hypertensive eyes with progression to glaucoma exhibit a concordance with the extent and location of progressive parapapillary atrophy noted in the ocular hypertension period. This suggests the importance of detailed examination of the parapapillary area in ocular hypertensive eyes.
A Framework for the Study of Cryptographic Protocols

We develop a simple model of computation under which to study the meaning of cryptographic protocol and security. We define a protocol as a mathematical object and security as a possible property of this object, Having formalized the concept of a secure protocol we study its general properties. We back up our contention that the model is reasonable by solving some well known cryptography problems within the framework of the model.
Effects of shelterwood harvest and prescribed fire in upland Appalachian hardwood forests on bat activity

Little is known about the effects that oak forest regeneration treatments consisting of a combination of shelterwood harvesting and prescribed fire have on bats, despite increasing use of these treatments. We quantified changes in bat activity levels in relation to oak forest regeneration treatments consisting of harvesting at 50% and 70% retention levels and prescribed fire in two upland Appalachian hardwood forests in Ohio. We monitored bat activity immediately post-harvest, three growing seasons post-harvest, and after application of prescribed fire to harvested stands before the fourth growing season. Total bat activity levels were higher in thinned and thinned and burned treatments than in unthinned controls in all years, but did not differ between harvest treatment levels immediately post-harvest, three growing seasons post-harvest, or between harvest treatment levels within years. Total bat activity post-prescribed fire changed only in the 50% retention harvest treatment blocks, wherein activity decreased. Activity levels of big brown (Eptesicus fuscus) bats were greater in harvested treatment blocks than controls in all years. Activity levels of eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), and Myotis spp. and tri-colored (Perimyotis subflavus) collectively did not differ among treatment blocks post-fire, but were greater in harvested treatment blocks than controls three growing seasons post-harvest. Community composition was strongly related to vegetation volume, with eastern red bats and Myotis and tri-colored bats displaying positive relationships with clutter in low height strata, and big brown bats displaying a negative relationship with clutter in all height strata. The positive relationship between eastern red and Myotis and tri-colored bats and clutter in low height strata may explain why activity levels of these species decreased post-prescribed fire. Our study suggests that the harvesting component of oak forest regeneration treatments may benefit bats for several years, and that while bat activity levels may decline post-prescribed fire, overall activity levels are nonetheless greater than in unthinned areas.
Design of low-jitter 1-GHz phase-locked loops for digital clock generation

A 1-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) is implemented in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS to generate a 500-MHz clock with 50% duty. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) combined with the differential charge pump is employed to have low clock skew and better immunity to the noises from supply, ground and substrate. The long-term peak-to-peak jitter of less than 70 psec and 165 psec are achieved for the quiet supply line and for the noisy one modulated by 400-mV/sub p-p/, 500-kHz square wave, respectively. The prototype 1-GHz PLL consumes 55 mW with 3.3-V supply. The PLL with the phase interpolation technique is also investigated and its performance is compared to the standard approach.
Specifically deuterated l-malate as an NMR probe of the aspartate transcarbamylase catalytic site

Abstract Replacement of protons by deuterium at specific positions of l -malate results in simplified proton magnetic resonance spectra and a large reduction in the effect of intramolecular dipole-dipole relaxation of the proton resonances. Under conditions of concomitant deuterium decoupling, these spectra are further simplified. These advantages are used to study the proton relaxation of two specifically deuterated l -malates in the presence of the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase. The bound relaxation rates of the deuterated L-malates are much smaller than those of undeuterated l -malate implying that the major relaxation mechanism for enzyme bound, undeuterated l -malate is the intramolecular dipole-dipole interaction.
Generation of breathers

Abstract The inverse scattering technique is used to show that initial zero area pulses of odd symmetry with respect to time result in generating solitons of the breather type only, when they propagate in coherent absorbing media.
Grinding Temperatures for Magnetic Ceramics and Steel

Grinding temperatures are measured using an infrared sensor in ferrite and steel. For reference purposes, temperatures are also measured in a reduced model for grinding which consists of a single diamond grain sliding across the workpiece surface at high speed. The results include temperature as a function of sliding velocity, rate of temperature decay as the grain moves away from contact, and histograms of the frequency that grains on the grinding wheel attain a given temperature
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures

Abstract A reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a consideration for the treatment of comminuted four-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients. While a reverse TSA should not replace other treatment modalities, it is indicated in elderly patients with fractures that are not amenable to fixation. Immediate stability and relative independence from tuberosity healing are clear advantages, but the complication rate is substantially higher. Larger studies are necessary to clarify appropriate indications.
Muscle esterases of the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis.

1. 1. Muscle esterases of Gambusia affinis were separable into 14 electrophoretic bands that formed five groups according to differential physical and chemical properties. 2. 2. Nine phenotypic patterns were observed among the populations sampled, based on variation within the EST-3 group of carboxylesterases. 3. 3. A model for the molecular and genetic bases of the EST-3 polymorphism was proposed on the basis of phenotypic patterns and physicochemical characterization. 4. 4. The isozymes of EST-3 are inferred to be dimeric molecules on the basis of electrophoretic patterns observed following incubation of the EST-3 enzymes with neuraminidase. 5. 5. The binding of sialic acid is believed to be an epigenetic mechanism which operates to maintain the structural integrity of these enzymes.
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a first-line medical treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding

Chronic heavy menstrual bleeding is a common gynecologic condition that causes significant health problems and negatively impacts a woman's quality of life. Surgical treatments should be reserved for women who have pelvic pathology and for those who fail medical therapy. The recent US FDA approval of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system as an indicated treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding in women who want to use intrauterine devices for birth control highlights the potential that this top tier contraceptive method offers as a first-line therapy for treatment of this problem in women of any reproductive age, without sacrificing their future fertility.
Effect of Particle Clusters on Carrier Flow Turbulence: A Direct Numerical Simulation Study

Experiments indicate that particle clusters that form in fluidized–bed risers can enhance gas-phase velocity fluctuations. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flow past uniform and clustered configurations of fixed particle assemblies at the same solid volume fraction are performed to gain insight into particle clustering effects on gas-phase turbulence, and to guide model development. The DNS approach is based on a discrete-time, direct-forcing immersed boundary method (IBM) that imposes no-slip and no-penetration boundary conditions on each particle’s surface. Results are reported for mean flow Reynolds number Rep = 50 and the ratio of the particle diameter dp to Kolmogorov scale is 5.5. The DNS confirm experimental observations that the clustered configurations enhance the level of fluid-phase turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) more than the uniform configurations, and this increase is found to arise from a lower dissipation rate in the clustered particle configuration. The simulations also reveal that the particle-fluid interaction results in significantly anisotropic fluid-phase turbulence, the source of which is traced to the anisotropic nature of the interphase TKE transfer and dissipation tensors. This study indicates that when particles are larger than the Kolmogorov scale (dp > η), modeling the fluid-phase TKE alone may not be adequate to capture the underlying physics in multiphase turbulence because the Reynolds stress is anisotropic. It also shows that multiphase turbulence models should consider the effect of particle clustering in the dissipation model.
Metabolism of phosphatidylcholine in the frog retina.

Abstract The biosynthesis and the turnover of phosphatidylcholine were studied in the frog retina following either (a) injection into the animal of 32 PO 4 , 33 PO 4 , [1,3- 3 H]glycerol, [2- 3 H]glycerol, or [ methyl - 3 H]choline, or (b) incubation of isolated retinas in solutions containing [ methyl - 3 H]choline. 1. 1. Examination of the pools of lipid precursors in the retina demonstrated that the choline and phosphate pools are long-lived compared to the glycerol pool, which is metabolically very active and turns over rapidly. 2. 2. The peak in specific activity of phosphatidylcholine synthesized from labeled glycerol occurred earlier, and was higher in the microsomal fraction than in the rod outer segments, which is consistent with synthesis of phosphatidylcholine on the microsomes of the inner segment and subsequent incorporation into the rod outer segments. 3. 3. Autoradiography of retinas incubated in vitro with tritiated choline revealed a diffuse labeling pattern in the rod outer segments. Biochemical studies following injection of labeled glycerol showed an exponential decline in specific radioactivity of phosphatidylcholine in the rod outer segments, which is consistent with a diffuse labeling of these membranes. 4. 4. The half-life of phosphatidylcholine in the rod outer segments synthesized from labeled glycerol was found to be 18–19 days. Based on these values, calculations were made which indicated that phosphatidylcholine in the outer segments is turning over faster than integral disc membrane proteins.
THE RESIDENTIAL MOVES, HOUSING LOCATIONS, AND TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF OLDER PEOPLE: INQUIRIES BY GEOGRAPHERS

(1989). THE RESIDENTIAL MOVES, HOUSING LOCATIONS, AND TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF OLDER PEOPLE: INQUIRIES BY GEOGRAPHERS. Urban Geography: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 100-108.
Comparing theory with experimental data in studying the deformation of magnetically smart films deposited on nickel and glass substrates

This paper will present the procedure of measuring the deformation of the magnetostrictive bimorph specimens under an applied external magnetic field, and the theoretical and numerical analysis of the deformation. The magnetically smart material (MSM) KelvinAll TM and Terfenol-D is deposited on the nickel or glass substrates. The profiles of thin-film specimens were measured under an external magnetic field with White Light Interferometry. Using the theoretical calculation, the magnetostrictive property was evaluated for the coated Ni sample and glass sample. Employing the numerical approach, the influence of the magnetostrictive film on the deformation of the sample was simulated and compared with experimental results. The coated Ni specimen exhibited larger deformation than the coated glass specimen when the specimen is immersed in a 0.16 T magnetic field. In our experiments, the residual stress calculated in the thin film of the bimorph is acceptable and could be decreased by changing the parameters in the specimen preparation process. The experimental results in this paper was employed as the preliminary step to realize the future application of the magnetostrictive thin film bimorph to the adaptive X-ray mirror, and the theoretical and numerical approach was used to predict the influence of the magnetostrictive film on the larger mirror surface deformation.
Growth, Characterization and Physics of Antiferromagnetic Thin Films and Superlaptices

Most of the interest in the magnetic thin films or multdayers has been focused on ferromagnetic materials because of the inherent potential applicability. Very little attention has been given to the experimental study of the most fuadamentally important structures -from a physics point of view- the antiferromagnetic (AF') insulators. Also, proportionally little attention has been given to the growth characte ization of ionic materials. Using relatively primitive MBE techniques, we have grown el itaxial thin films of MnF2, FeF2, as well as superlattices of (FeF2)m(CoF2)n and (FeF2)m(ZnF2)n. In the FeF2/CoF2 superlattices we have deduced coherence lengths of up o ξ ≈ 2,200 A from x-ray θ–2θ scans, for superlattice periods of 90≈ We will review some of our recent results in the characterization of the magnetic, structural and infrarod phonon properties, using high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, AF resonance, infrared spectroscopy, capacitance, and dilation measurements.
Determinants of renal volume in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

The Consortium of Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease (CRISP) recently showed that renal enlargement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease mimicked exponential growth. We determined the effects of cyst initiation rate, total number, and growth rate on the time-dependent change of total cyst volume (TCV). Mathematical models with equations integrating cyst surface area, volume, and an invariant growth rate constant were used to compute the time-dependent change in volume of solitary and multiple cysts. Multiple expanding cysts increased TCV in an exponential-like pattern even when individual cysts formed at different rates or exhibited different but constant growth rates. TCV depended on the rate of cyst initiation and on the total number of cysts; however, the compounding effect of exponential-like growth was the most powerful determinant of long-term cyst expansion. Extrapolation of TCV data plots for individual subjects back to an age of 18 predicted TCV values within an established range. We conclude that cysts started early in life were the main contributor to eventual TCV while their growth rate primarily determined renal size; although the rate of formation and the ultimate number of cysts also contributed. The good fit between the exponential models and the extrapolated CRISP data indicates that the TCV growth rate is a defining trait for individual patients and may be used as a prognostic marker.
The Phonetics of Insertional Code-Switching: Suprasegmental Analysis and a Case for Hyper-Articulation

This study investigates the phonetic production of Spanish-English insertional code-switches, constituents of an embedded language inserted within a discourse of a matrix language. While previous research on the phonetics of code-switching has focused exclusively on the segmental properties, the current study provides a detailed examination of the suprasegmental features of code-switched tokens, including pitch height and duration. Code-switched productions are compared with non-code-switched tokens, and results indicate that insertional code-switched tokens are produced with a degree of hyper-articulation, evidenced by an increase in pitch height and duration. The results are discussed within Hyper- and Hypo-articulation Theory, drawing on the notion of a decreased local probability incurred by insertional code-switches.
Northern Hemisphere Climatology and Trends of Statistical Moments Documented from GHCN-Daily Surface Air Temperature Station Data from 1950 to 2010

AbstractThe first four statistical moments and their trends are calculated for the average daily surface air temperature (SAT) from 1950 to 2010 using the Global Historical Climatology Network–Daily station data for each season relative to the 1961–90 climatology over the Northern Hemisphere. Temporal variation of daily SAT probability distributions are represented as generalized linear regression coefficients on the mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis calculated for each 10-yr moving time window from 1950–59 to 2001–10. The climatology and trends of these statistical moments suggest that daily SAT probability distributions are non-Gaussian and are changing in time. The climatology of the first four statistical moments has distinct spatial patterns with large coherent structure for mean and standard deviation and relatively smaller and more regionalized patterns for skewness and kurtosis. The linear temporal trends from 1950 to 2010 of the first four moments also have coherent spatial pattern...
Refractory Metals Growth on MBE GaAs

Molybenum and tungsten metals have been grown on an MBE grown (100)GaAs at various substrate temperatures. RHEED technique was used in situ to analyse the crystalline structure and the growth mechanism of the mechanism of the thin metal films. It was found that Mo epilayers can be grown on the (100) GaAs at temperatures between 150–400°C. The epitaxal arrangement is (111)Mo ∥ (100)GaAs with [011]Mo ∥ [011] GaAs. Tungsten films are not growing epitaxially under similar experimental conditions.
Positions of cations and molecules in zeolites with the mordenite framework IX dehydrated H-mordenite via acid exchange

Abstract Nearly complete removal of cations was accomplished for natural mordenite by preliminary Na-exchange followed by exposure to 2M HCl for 1 month at 90°C. The electron microprobe analysis (atomic Si/Al 4.7) indicates no detectable extraction of Al. However the cell dimensions after dehydration at 300°C followed by cooling to room temperature ( a 18.178(7) b 20.394(6) c 7.488(4)A) are lower than for “hydrogen-mordenite” prepared via an ammonium-exchanged intermediary ( a 18.223(7) b 20.465(9) c 7.531(4)A). Furthermore the tetrahedral distances are smaller (T4 down 0.017Ȧ, T3 0.010, T1 0.008, T2 0.002). Diffractions from the HCl-treated mordenite are sharp, and the positional and population parameters are close to those for the de-ammoniated mordenite. The simplest interpretation is that treatment with HCl results in extraction of Al from tetrahedral sites into other positions in the crystal coupled with migration of Si so that a crystalline structure is retained: however, many subtle complications require cautious interpretation.