cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbial Reduction of Uranium under Iron- and Sulfate-reducing Conditions: Effect of Amended Goethite on Microbial Community Composition and Dynamics

There is a growing need for a better understanding of the biogeochemical dynamics involved in microbial U(VI) reduction due to an increasing interest in using biostimulation via electron donor addition as a means to remediate uranium contaminated sites. U(VI) reduction has been observed to be maximized during iron-reducing conditions and to decrease upon commencement of sulfate-reducing conditions. There are many unknowns regarding the impact of iron/sulfate biogeochemistry on U(VI) reduction. This includes Fe(III) availability as well as the microbial community changes, including the activity of iron-reducers during the uranium biostimulation period even after sulfate reduction becomes dominant. Column experiments were conducted with Old Rifle site sediments containing Fe-oxides, Fe-clays, and sulfate rich groundwater. Half of the columns had sediment that was augmented with small amounts of Fe(III) in the form of (57)Fe-goethite, allowing for a detailed tracking of minute changes of this added phase to study the effects of increased Fe(III) levels on the overall biostimulation dynamics. Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that the added (57)Fe-goethite was bioreduced only during the first thirty days of biostimultuion, after which it remained constant. Augmentation with Fe(III) had a significant effect on the total flux of electrons towards different electron acceptors; it suppressed the degree of sulfate reduction, had no significant impact on Geobacter-type bacterial numbers but decreased the bacterial numbers of sulfate reducers and affected the overall microbial community composition. The addition of Fe(III) had no noticeable effect on the total uranium reduction.
Improving data quality with dynamic forms

Organizations in developing regions want to efficiently collect digital data, but standard data gathering practices from the developed world are often inappropriate. Traditional techniques for form design and data quality are expensive and labour-intensive. We propose a new data-driven approach to form design, execution (filling) and quality assurance. We demonstrate USHER, an end-to-end system that automatically generates data entry forms that enforce and maintain data quality constraints during execution. The system features a probabilistic engine that drives form-user interactions to encourage correct answers.
Gain measurements for a conformal active phased array

A phased-array using T/R (transmit/receive) modules with gain on transmit and receive requires new antenna measurement techniques and data interpretation. On transmit the affected parameters include antenna aperture gain, antenna electronic gain, array effective radiated power, array power output, T/R module gain, and power output. On receive they include similar parameters, and array and T/R module noise figures. These measurement techniques have been developed during the testing of a linear array aperture with 64 microstrip patch radiators, flush mounted, conformal to a cylindrical surface. The measurement techniques as described in detail. >
On stability of reconstruction from Fourier transform modulus

The lower bound on the condition number of reconstruction of two classes of sequences from their Fourier transform magnitude (FTM) is derived. The lower bound for one class is shown to be 1, and for the other class to be 1/2 N/sup Q/2/, where Q is the dimensionality of the sequence and N is the number of nonzero elements in each dimension. Stability of reconstruction from the FTM and the space-domain phase is discussed. It is found that randomizing the space-domain phase improves reconstruction robustness. Experimental results are presented to verify theoretical predictions. >
Effect of ozone fumigation on crop composition

This report describes results of a survey undertaken at the Western Regional Research Laboratory in cooperation with the University of California at Riverside. Cabbage, carrots, corn, lettuce, strawberries, and tomatoes harvested from plants grown in (1) clean air (carbon-filtered air); (2) clean air fumigated with a low ozone level; and (3) clean air fumigated with a high ozone level were studied. The two ozone levels used (approximately 200 and 350 ppB O/sub 3/) represented levels commonly observed in the air in Southern California in summer and fall. Items determined quantitatively included five vitamins, solids, nitrogen, fiber, ash carbohydrate, and up to nine metals. The metals Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, K, Rb, Sr, and Zn were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. With the metals significant differences occurred with different plants. The nonmetal nutrients showed that ozone had some effect on the crops. Carotene, vitamin C, thiamine, and riboflavin were studied. This survey indicated that ozone did not have a major and generally deleterious impact on crop composition. It indicated some areas where ozone influenced crop composition. 14 references, 5 tables.
Mixed anxiety depression: taxometric exploration of the validity of a diagnostic category in youth.

Abstract Background Mixed anxiety depression (MAD) is a provisional diagnosis in the DSM-IV. This study determined whether MAD represents a discrete category thereby evaluating the validity of MAD as a diagnostic entity. Methods Taxometric analyses and mixture modeling were used to discern whether MAD indicators constitute a distinct psychopathological category (i.e., a taxon) in a large school-based sample of adolescents ( N = 706). Results Each taxometric procedure (MAXCOV, MAMBAC) identified a taxon with a prevalence of 13% ± 2%. A non-taxometric procedure (multivariate mixture modeling) also supported the existence of a taxon with a prevalence of 12%. Bootstrapping procedures were used to construct a measure of MAD (i.e., MAD-T). Scale construction suggested that MAD may be best represented by 12 criteria that largely overlap with the DSM-IV, though some modifications were suggested. Examination of the construct validity of the MAD taxon indicated that it is associated mood and anxiety symptoms. Taxon membership was predictive of the development of mood and anxiety disorders over a 14-month longitudinal follow-up. Limitations This category should be studied in other populations including adult samples. Conclusions MAD appears to be a viable diagnostic category for youth though it is recommended that future revisions of the DSM emphasize somewhat different criteria for this diagnosis.
A multiparadigm language approach to teaching principles of programming languages

This paper describes the authors' experiences in using the multiparadigm language GED to teach the principles of a programming languages course. The benefits of using a multiparadigm language include less time spent on learning new environments for different languages, easier transition to different paradigms, and opportunities for multiparadigm programming. In this paper, they give a brief description of GED (which supports the imperative, functional, logic and object-oriented paradigms), describe how it is used in their course, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach versus the traditional use of several languages.
Harvesting an invasive bivalve in a large natural lake: species recovery and impacts on native benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in Lake Tahoe, USA

The increasing dispersal and establishment of aquatic invasive species in natural freshwater ecosystems has led to efforts to remove non-native taxa and/or restore native species. An invasive bivalve, Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), recently (2002) became established in a large, natural subalpine lake (Lake Tahoe, USA). In 2009, experimental efforts were undertaken to harvest C. fluminea from Lake Tahoe sediments using a manually operated suction dredge apparatus. Treatment and control plots were monitored for a 450 day period after dredging to observe target species (C. fluminea) and non-target macroinvertebrate recovery rates. A paired Before-After-Control Impact analysis was used to assess the short- and long-term impacts of suction dredging. Physical harvest resulted in short-term reductions of C. fluminea (1500 individuals m-2 before treatment to 60 individuals m-2 14 days after treatment) with significant disruption to benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. The impact to the target invasive species (C. fluminea) was present 450 days after treatment and community diversity (as represented by Simpson diversity index) did not recover after 1 year (365 days) in dredged sites. Certain non-target macroinvertebrate taxa (Chironomidae and native clam (Pisidium spp.)) increased in suction dredge plots to levels greater than before treatment or in control plot conditions at the end of the study period. Harvesting C. fluminea significantly reduced population densities for a period of 450 days after the removal. Recolonization rates of C. fluminea and non-target species over multiple reproductive seasons will determine the feasibility for this method as a long-term control strategy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inca: a novel p21-activated kinase-associated protein required for cranial neural crest development.

Inca (induced in neural crest by AP2) is a novel protein discovered in a microarray screen for genes that are upregulated in Xenopus embryos by the transcriptional activator protein Tfap2a. It has no significant similarity to any known protein, but is conserved among vertebrates. In Xenopus, zebrafish and mouse embryos, Inca is expressed predominantly in the premigratory and migrating neural crest (NC). Knockdown experiments in frog and fish using antisense morpholinos reveal essential functions for Inca in a subset of NC cells that form craniofacial cartilage. Cells lacking Inca migrate successfully but fail to condense into skeletal primordia. Overexpression of Inca disrupts cortical actin and prevents formation of actin `purse strings9, which are required for wound healing in Xenopus embryos. We show that Inca physically interacts with p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), a known regulator of the actin cytoskeleton that is co-expressed with Inca in embryonic ectoderm, including in the NC. These results suggest that Inca and PAK5 cooperate in restructuring cytoskeletal organization and in the regulation of cell adhesion in the early embryo and in NC cells during craniofacial development.
Subject-specific and task-specific characteristics of metalinguistic awareness in bilingual children

The relationship between bilingualism and metalinguistic awareness was explored in Puerto Rican Spanish- and English-speaking children. All subjects were from low-income backgrounds and were enrolled in a transitional bilingual education program in the United States. Two longitudinal studies were conducted. The first study examined the abilities to note and correct ungrammatical sentences in Spanish. Subjects were 104 children in first and second grade at the beginning of the study. They were followed over a period of 2 years. The second study looked at the ability to detect ambiguity in sentences, and to paraphrase the different meanings. There were 107 subjects who were in fourth and fifth grades, and were also followed over a 2-year period. The results from both studies indicated that native language proficiency as well as the degree of bilingualism affected metalinguistic awareness. The results also indicated that these effects interacted with the types of items in the metalinguistic tasks. This suggests that both subject-specific and task-specific factors are important in understanding the relationship between bilingualism and metalinguistic awareness.
Musical interactions with a perceptual robotic percussionist

We present our approach for human-robot musical interaction using a perceptual and socially-oriented robotic percussionist. Our robot, named Haile, listens to live players, analyzes perceptual musical aspects in real-time, and uses the product of this analysis to playback in an acoustically rich manner, forming musical collaborations with human players. We conclude by proposing guidelines for pedagogy and an educational environment for learning music, math, acoustics, and programming through interaction with Haile.
Scheduling with uncertain resources: Learning to make reasonable assumptions

We consider the task of scheduling a conference based on incomplete information about resources and constraints, and describe a mechanism for the dynamic learning of related default assumptions, which enable the scheduling system to make reasonable guesses about missing data. We outline the representation of incomplete knowledge, describe the learning procedure, and demonstrate that the learned knowledge improves the scheduling results.
The cohomology of finite abelian groups

In this section we discuss some homological algebra which we specifically apply to the cohomology of finite groups. Most of our statements in the beginning parts are inspired by the pertinent sections in Cartan and Eilenberg [11], and are frequently contained there so that we have a convenient source of reference. If tensor products are not marked, they are understood to be taken over Z. If S is a ring with identity, A a right S-module and B a left S-module, then A⨂ s B denotes the tensor product over S in the usual sense.
A Clean Slate Approach to Secure Wireless Networking

The current state-of-art in securing computers and data is tantamount to an arms race between the attackers on one hand and the software developers who have to provide the updates to counteract the attacks on the other. This monograph introduces a novel technique for designing secure protocols with provable security guarantees for wireless ad-hoc networks infiltrated with adversarial nodes. It does this by developing a system-theoretical approach to secure protocol design that provides provable and comprehensive security guarantees, where any features of a protocol that reduce complexity or maximize the network throughput do not come at the expense of security. The desired approach is one of security first and performance second, which is the reverse of the current approach. This novel approach uses a game-theoretic framework that addresses the deficiencies in the defense-in-depth approach to securing complex systems. A Clean Slate Approach to Secure Wireless Networking describes in detail the theory of using this approach in both closed synchronized and unsynchronized networks. It will be of interest to all researchers and designers working on securing wireless networks.
Patterns of small intestinal injury with the argon beam coagulator

The argon beam coagulator (ABC) system 6000 (Bard ElectroMedical Systems) is a new monopolar electro-coagulation device. This study was done to quantitate small intestinal injury with varying lengths of ABC exposure at the lowest power setting of 40 watts
DRAWING LESSONS FROM THE FRENCH PARITY MOVEMENT

Cet article retrace l'emergence et l'evolution du mouvement social feminin pour la lutte de la parite homme/femme en politique en France dans les annees 90. L'A. distingue deux types de mouvements ; mouvement feministe et mouvement feminin, et se penche sur l'importance des partis de gauche a propos de la notion de parite et de quota, qui fait debat au sein meme des intellectuelles francaises, dans l'interet de la conservation du principe democratique qui regit la societe francaise
Full-Potential Cpa Theory Using Rectangular Matrices

It has recently been shown by several authors that KKR, multiple-scattering theory[1] can be extended to arbitrary potential functions, not restricted to the muffin-tin model. The argument and notation of a particular reference[2] will be followed here. Prior publications on this controversial subject, going back to the original derivation by Williams and Morgan,[3] are cited in this reference.
The Interactive Effects of Team Content Goals and Leader Goal Orientation

Although a number of traits and quasi-traits that have received increased attention by leadership scholars in recent years, goal orientation has been the subject of little empirical research. In th...
Effect of fibrinolysin upon oxytocin, vasopressin and hypertensinogen.

Conclusion10 U of fibrinolysin obtained from human and ox plasma, added to 1 U of oxytocin, does not alter the uterotonic effect of this hormone even after 72 hours of incubation at 37°C at pH 7.3 On the other hand the same preparation of fibrinolysin, under similar conditions produces a progressive destruction of vasopressin. Fibrinolysin added to human or horse hypertensinogen does not produce hypertensin, neither does it incapacitate the hypertensinogen for producing hypertensin when renin is added immediately after.
Oceanic Commerce and Platine Merchants, 1796-1806: The Challenge of War

The creation of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata in 1776 by Charles III of Spain and his Edict of Free Commerce two years later brought unprecedented commercial prosperity to the port cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. Unlimited trade was now allowed between this region of South America and Spain. Exports—mainly silver from Alto Peru and pastoral products from the pampas—flowed in ever greater volume to the Iberian Peninsula. In return, merchants of the estuary received from Spanish commercial houses European manufactures and luxury items. This trade which spanned the South Atlantic depended upon a complex web of credit and merchant associations between the Old World and the New, and also upon the unobstructed traffic of Spain's merchant marine. In the 1780s and early 1790s with the Empire at peace Platine commerce contributed to both government revenues and the growth of a dynamic immigrant merchant community recently arrived from northern Spain. By 1794 the booming trade of the new viceroyalty justified the creation of the Real Consulado de Buenos Aires, essentially an official merchants guild to regulate the business affairs of this region.
Including tunneling in non-born-oppenheimer simulations

For electronically nonadiabatic processes in all but the simplest systems, the most practical multidimensional simulation method is a semiclassical approximation in which a trajectory or the center of a wave packet follows a classical path governed by an effective potential energy function. Here, we show how such simulations can be made more realistic by including tunneling by the army ants tunneling method. We illustrate the theory by calculations with model potential energy surfaces; one model study is in the adiabatic limit, and the other one has nonadiabatic transitions between two electronic states during the tunneling event. The army ants tunneling algorithm is used to efficiently sample tunneling events in the trajectories in both cases. This work makes it possible to simulate complex nonadiabatic chemical processes by efficiently including the important quantum effect of tunneling.
Analysis on measles epidemiological characteristics and strategies of measles elimination from 2007 to 2013 in Huangshan City

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and summarize selated wocks towards measles elimination in Huangshan city from 2007 to 2013,so as to provide evidence for measles elimination. Methods The surveillance data and elimination strategy of measles were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The average annual incidence of measles was 1. 37 /100 000 population from 2007 to 2013 in Huangshan city,with the highest rate being 2. 72 /100 000 population in 2008. By measles-containing vaccine( MCV) supplementary immunization activities( SIA) in 2009,the incidence decreased by 77.14% comparing with that in 2010. By MCV SIA again in 2010 and 2011,the lowest rate was 0. 47 /100 000 population in 2012. The peak of measles incidence still concentrated March to May.Greater incidence of measles was concentrated in ≥ 15 years population,accounting for 64. 14% of the total cases. Conclusion Implementation of MCV SIA could quickly reduce the incidence of measles to a lower level. But in order to achieve the eventual elimination of measles elimination and consolidate the achievements,we must keep routine immunization coverage rate high,take measles control strategies and carry out related adult research as soon as possible.
ANG II-mediated inhibition of neuronal delayed rectifier K+ current: role of protein kinase C-α

It was previously determined that ANG II and phorbol esters inhibit Kv current in neurons cultured from newborn rat hypothalamus and brain stem in a protein kinase C (PKC)- and Ca2+-dependent manner. Here, we have further defined this signaling pathway by investigating the roles of “physiological” activators of PKC and different PKC isozymes. The cell-permeable PKC activators, diacylglycerol (DAG) analogs 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (1 μmol/l, n = 7) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (1 μmol/l,n = 6), mimicked the effect of ANG II and inhibited Kv current. These effects were abolished by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (1 μmol/l, n = 5) or by chelation of internal Ca2+ (n = 8). PKC antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotides (2 μmol/l) against Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms were applied to the neurons to manipulate the endogenous levels of PKC. PKC-α-AS (n = 4) treatment abolished the inhibitory effects of ANG II and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol on Kv current, whereas PKC-β-AS (n = 4) and PKC-γ-AS (n = 4) did not. ...
A FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN HUMAN RESOURCE EDUCATION: LITERATURE REVIEW AND LESSONS LEARNED

Over the past several years, the flipped classroom has gained in popularity. Flipped classrooms show great promise in increasing student engagement, increasing attendance rates, changing student behavior, increasing teacher satisfaction, and increasing student performance. However, much more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped teaching. The purpose of this paper is to codify existing research, present lessons lessons learned from flipping a HR classroom, and suggest areas for future research in the human resources discipline.
Effect of SPI-1620 on tumor perfusion and uptake of paclitaxel in a melanoma model

B3 Background: SPI-1620 (also known as IRL-1620) is a selective ETB receptor agonist that has been reported to selectively enhance tumor perfusion and potentiate the therapeutic potential of anti-cancer agents in breast and prostate tumor bearing rats. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SPI-1620 on tumor perfusion and uptake of paclitaxel in a melanoma model in mice. Study Design: Male nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with one million human melanoma cells (UISO-MEL-2). Mice with tumor volume of 200-400 mm3 were selected for the study. Tumor perfusion was measured with Periflux PF2b 4000 Laser Doppler Flowmetry. Mice (n=4/group) were anesthetized using keamine (150 mg/kg) and xylazine ( 2mg/kg) as a combined single i.p. injection. SPI-1620 (3 nmol/kg) or saline was injected via tail vein and perfusion was measured for 3 hours. For tumor uptake, the animals were randomly grouped (n=4/group) to receive saline or SPI-1620 ( 3nmol/kg) via tail vein. Mice from each group received [3H] paclitaxel 15 minutes after SPI-1620 was administered. The concentration of [3H] paclitaxel was determined in the tumor, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs and spleen. Results: Administration of saline did not produce any significant change in tumor blood perfusion of melanoma mice. However, administration of SPI-1620 (3 nmol/kg) increased tumor perfusion by 154, 189, 198, 172 and 94% from the baseline at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes, respectively. Concentration of [3H] paclitaxel in tumors was significantly increased in SPI-1620 treated mice compared to saline treated mice. There was a 570% increase of [3H] paclitaxel in tumor of the animals treated with SPI-1620 compared to vehicle treated mice. However, SPI-1620 administration did not produce significant increase in the accumulation of [3H] paclitaxel in the heart, liver, lungs and spleen compared to saline treated animals. Conclusion: SPI-1620 significantly increased tumor blood perfusion in melanoma compared to saline. SPI-1620 significantly enhanced the uptake and delivery of paclitaxel to the tumor tissues without affecting other organs. Based on extensive preclinical studies and safety studies in animals, Phase I clinical trials will be initiated soon.
Reexamining the origin of the directionality of myosin V

The nature of the conversion of chemical energy to directional motion in myosin V is examined by careful simulations that include two complementary methods: direct Langevin Dynamics (LD) simulations with a scaled-down potential that provided a detailed time-resolved mechanism, and kinetic equations solution for the ensemble long-time propagation (based on information collected for segments of the landscape using LD simulations and experimental information). It is found that the directionality is due to the rate-limiting ADP release step rather than the potential energy of the lever arm angle. We show that the energy of the power stroke and the barriers involved in it are of minor consequence to the selectivity of forward over backward steps and instead suggest that the selective release of ADP from a postrigor myosin motor head promotes highly selective and processive myosin V. Our model is supported by different computational methods-LD simulations, Monte Carlo simulations, and kinetic equations solution-as well as by structure-based binding energy calculations.
Two-dimensional Echocardiography — an Alternative or Adjunct to Catheterization-Angiography?

Improvements in medical therapy aimed at delaying the progression of disease states and salvaging viable myocardium dictates the need for accurate and often serial information regarding cardiac structure and function. One-dimensional echocardiography has proven to be a useful noninvasive procedure. The narrow field of view and lack of spatial orientation limits its usefulness, especially in patients with regional wall motion abnormalities [1]. Recognition of these limitations has served as a major impetus for the development of wide angled two-dimensional echocardiography. As with one-dimensional echocardiography, two-dimensional echo is a noninvasive test which can be performed serially with no risk or discomfort to the patient and requires minimal patient cooperation. It gives direct tomographic visualization of myocardial walls, chambers, valves, and pericardium over a wide angle of view. Dynamic changes in myocardial structures are displayed in real time and recorded on videotape offering the capabilities for playback analysis and stop-frame tracing of end-systolic and end-diastolic outlines giving an angiographic-like view of the myocardium. The wide field of view and spatial orientation inherent in two-dimensional echocardiography are its major advantages over one-dimensional echo. As such, it not only allows for simultaneous visualization of wide segments of the heart from multiple tomographic planes, but enables the operator to view the heart from many acoustic windows.
An expert system that volunteers advice

This paper describes the design and implementation of an expert system that provides novice users with help in using the Vax/VMS operating system. The most interesting feature of our advisor is that it follows the user’s interactions with the system and volunteers its help when it believes that the user would benefit from advice. The user need not ask for help or raise an error condition. The advisor recognizes correct yet inefficient command sequences and helps the beginner become more proficient by indicating how these tasks may be done more efficiently.
Non myeloablative "mini transplants".

High dose chemo-radiotherapy with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an effective therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies (1,2). The curative potential of this procedure is mediated in part by an immune mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect (3-8). Direct evidence of this effect is the reinduction of remission obtained after infusions of donor lymphocytes in patients who have relapsed after an allogeneic progenitor cell transplant.(9-13) Responses are more frequent in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but have also been observed in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), myeloma and lymphoma relapsing after allogeneic BMT (14-16).
Dynamics of DNA Oligomers: Harmonic and Anharmonic Motions

DNA oligomers and polymers show different modes of motion at different time scales. In this work I will describe various modes of motions with characteristic times up to a few picoseconds. Some of these motions are easily described by linear harmonic motions and their anharmonic perturbations. Other motions involve large amplitude, non-linear motions spanning multiple minima basins. The harmonic and anharmonie motions are studied by normal mode analysis and Monte Carlo calculations. The multiple basin dynamics are studied by a constant energy molecular dynamics and by energy minimization calculations.
Stochastic Modeling of Delay, Energy Consumption, and Lifetime

Emerging applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require real-time quality of service (QoS) guarantees to be provided by the network. Due to the non-deterministic impacts of the wireless channel and queuing state, probabilistic analysis of QoS is essential. For most WSNs applications, the end-to-end delay for packet delivery and the energy consumption are the most important QoS metrics. In this chapter, a comprehensive cross-layer probabilistic analysis framework is presented to investigate the probabilistic evaluation of QoS performance provided by WSNs. In particular, the QoS performance is evaluated in two levels. In the node level, using a Discrete-Time Markov queueing model, the distribution of single-hop delay and single-node energy consumption and lifetime are analyzed. In the network level, based on the node level analysis, the distributions of end-to-end delay, the network lifetime, and the event detection delay are then analyzed. Fluid models are utilized in the network level analysis. The framework also considers a realistic channel environments. Compared to the first-order QoS statistics, such as the mean and the variance, the distribution of QoS metrics reveals the relationship between the performance and reliability with QoS-based operations in WSNs. Using the framework, effective network development can be performed.
Research and Practical Application of Transformer Emergency Standby Calculation and Assessment Method

With the development of the power system, the large transformer of the power grid is also increasing, and the sudden events of the transformer will cause serious influence on the power supply in the area. Using standby transformer to replace the fault transformer is an effective way to deal with transformer sudden fault. This paper first concerns the core problem of the theoretical calculation of transformer emergency standby, that is to set up the simulation model and calculation method of three phase three winding transformer with asymmetrical parameters. Through the NETOMAC simulation platform developed by the German SIEMENS company, the calculation method of the proposed simulation model is realized. Based on the simulation model and calculation method of the unsymmetrical parameter three phase three winding transformer, the 500kV transformer in East China power grid is taken as the research object, and the problem of transformer emergency standby is analyzed and calculated comprehensively. On the basis of a large number of calculation conclusions of the transformer standby applicability, the assessment method of transformer emergency standby applicability is proposed, and the relevant criterion and process are established. The transformer emergency standby calculation and assessment method proposed in this paper has very good practical application value. At present, the research results have been successfully applied to the emergency replacement of transformers in Shanghai power grid. The research results of this paper have a good prospect of application. The project implementation of the research results will save a lot of funds needed for the purchase of standby transformers. It has significant economic benefits and further improves the ability of emergency disposal of main transformer fault or sudden accident.
SPICE: Safe Practices with Immunomodulators and Chemotherapeutics through Education (P3.047)

Objective: To educate neurology residents, providers and faculty in the latest available immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in patients with various neurological disorders. Background: Over the past few decades, a number of newly described inflammatory and autoimmune CNS conditions have emerged. During this same timeline a number of novel FDA-approved treatments for multiple sclerosis have also come to clinical practice. These developments have led to increasing use of immunomodulating agents in neurology. Many of these agents carry significant risks and require frequent monitoring. Physician comfort with these agents is high variable, particularly among neurology residents and attending physicians who do not commonly treat inflammatory conditions in their normal practice. As such, there is need for further education regarding side effect profile and monitoring in commonly used immunomodulating drugs. Design/Methods: We designed an educational module which described the mechanism of action, side effects, contraindications, baseline testing and monitoring recommendations for the most common drugs used in neurology. Special attention is given to immunosuppression in pregnancy, and complications of immunosuppression, including CNS infections. Pre-and post-testing will be performed, and analyzed to give an idea on the efficacy of the teaching module. The modules will be conducted through Parkland Hospital electronic learning system and will be taken by all neurology residents, providers and faculty. Results: There is preliminary evidence that education on immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drugs is needed, and that an education module may be effective in providing this. Conclusions: There is a need for further education and familiarity with immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic agents among neurologist. More established guidelines for the use of these drugs are needed in patients with neurological disorders. Disclosure: Dr. Husari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blackburn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sguigna has nothing to disclose. Dr. Warnack has nothing to disclose.
‘ABDīšō‘ OF GAZARTA, THE FIRST LITERATE OF THE CHALDEAN CHURCH: POEMS DEDICATED TO THE POPES OF ROME

The paper discusses Syriac verse texts from the Ottoman period which are connected with the history of the Chaldean (East Syriac Uniate) Church. They were composed by ‘Adbīsō‘ of Gazarta, the second patriarch of the new Church (1555–1570), an outstanding literate, whose legacy has been significantly neglected by researchers. The pieces discussed in the present paper typify their very early samples epitomizing the beginning of this literary tradition that was connected with the name of ‘Adbīsō‘ of Gazarta. They were devoted to the Popes of Rome, with whom the young Chaldean Church had intensive contacts and whose supremacy it was in the process of acknowledging. Until recently, scholars have lacked access to most of the numerous textual corpora of this Church; as a result, research on these manuscripts had been confined to their catalogue descriptions, printed in the early–20 th century. Although they have never been an object of detailed study so far, the short pieces discussed here, composed on various occasions, contain important evidence for both the history of Syriac literature and the history of the Christian Churches in this region. The names mentioned in the poems can be easily identified, which would serve to date the texts to certain periods of ‘Adbīsō‘’s Church career. The present paper is the first attempt of a detailed study and a critical edition of his poems dedicated to the Roman Catholic Popes.
195) Trigeminal Ganglia Neurons Support Oral Carcinogenesis through Neurotransmitter Release in a Mouse Model of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Tongue cancer patients suffer severe, chronic pain driven by oral cancer-induced activation of sensory neurons innervating the oral cavity. However, the impact of sensory neurotransmission on oral carcinogenesis is understudied. Local neurotransmitter release from sensory neurons innervating the cancer has been linked to cancer growth and immune suppression. We hypothesize that oral cancer-induced neurotransmitter release from trigeminal sensory neurons (TGNs) promotes oral cancer proliferation and suppresses the immune response. To investigate sensory neuron subtypes that may impact cancer in the oral cavity, we characterized TGNs that innervate the tongue using a retrograde tracer, DiI, and immunohistochemistry for neuropeptides. We used a colorimetric MTS assay kit to quantify cancer cell proliferation in response to supernatant from TGN cultures. Using flow cytometry, we tested whether pharmacologic inhibition of peripheral sensory neurons impacted inflammation in response to oral cancer. We found that a majority of TGNs innervating the tongue are peptidergic and express neurotransmitters calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP, 64.3±13.2%) and substance P (SP, 44.1± 9.9%). Oral cancer cell line, HSC-3, exposed to TGN culture supernatant for 48 hours had a 2.00±0.04-fold increase in proliferation compared to Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) cell culture media. HSC-3 cell culture supernatant injection (50µl) into the tongue of C57Bl/6 female mice resulted in infiltration of CD45+ immune cells (9.10±1.2% of total live cells). Temporary nerve block with 1% bupivacaine injection into the lingual nerve prior to a 50µl injection of HSC-3 supernatant into the tongue resulted in significantly more CD45+ immune cell infiltration (21.66±3.4%) compared to HSC-3 supernatant without pharmacologic nerve block. These results suggest neurotransmitter-induced increase in oral cancer cell proliferation and neurotransmitter-induced suppression of the cancer-evoked immune response. Understanding the nerve-cancer interaction may improve strategies to treat oral cancer and pain by targeting sensory neurons.
A place-based education analysis of prospective teachers’ prior knowledge of science instruction in informal settings

Abstract This qualitative study investigated 186 prospective teachers’ prior knowledge of science instruction in informal settings using the place-based education framework. Prior knowledge refers to the experiential understanding of science instruction. Place-based education, in the context of this study, refers to instruction that connects school science with the ecological, social, and cultural contexts of informal settings. Informal settings are settings used for instruction that are outside the classroom, but situated within the school day and adhering to the formal curriculum. Analysis of data (drawings and narratives) indicated that prospective teachers’ prior knowledge were focused only on the ecological aspects of the informal settings, and showed no connections to school science and to the social and cultural contexts of the informal settings.
Alterations in T cell-related transcripts at the feto-maternal interface throughout equine gestation

Abstract Introduction The tolerance of pregnancy by the maternal immune system is balanced between recognition and protection. In the human this is controlled by balancing helper T cell populations (Th1, Th2) in addition to immune suppression from the regulatory arm (Tregs), but this has not been evaluated in the horse. Methods RNA sequencing was performed on chorioallantois and endometrium of mares at 120, 180, 300 and 330 days of gestation (n = 4/stage), as well as 45-day chorioallantois (n = 4) and diestrus endometrium (n = 3). Transcripts were selected for relativity to Th1, Th2, or Treg-associated. qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the results of select differentially expressed genes. Results In the endometrium, Th1 transcripts were highest in the diestrus mare and decreased as gestational length progressed. In contrast, Th2 transcripts were upregulated in comparison to the diestrus mare and highest in mid gestation. Treg transcripts were found increased in comparison to the diestrus mare, but decreased prepartum. In the chorioallantois no Th1 transcripts changed. The majority of Th2 transcripts increased from 45 to 300 days gestation, and then decreased prepartum. Treg-related transcripts trended down in the chorioallantois from 45 days to 120 days gestation, followed by an upregulation to 300 days and a secondary decline prepartum. Discussion The mare experiences a complex and evolving immune profile within the tissues of the feto-maternal interface. This consists of a balance between the Th1 and Th2 response, and a dynamic Treg response that is hypothesized to regulate overall events within the immune system.
Positive scalar curvature and a new index theory for noncompact manifolds

Abstract In this article, we develop a new index theory for noncompact manifolds endowed with an admissible exhaustion by compact sets. This index theory allows us to provide examples of noncompact manifolds with exotic positive scalar curvature phenomena.
Associations of anger, vital exhaustion, anti-depressant use, and poor social ties with incident atrial fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study:

BackgroundWe examined the relationships of anger, vital exhaustion, anti-depressant use, and poor social ties with incident atrial fibrillation in a biracial cohort of middle and older-aged adults....
Globally Connected: Using Twitter to Support Rural Preservice Teachers

Rural teachers face unique challenges, including limited resources, professional development, and support, leading many to quit the profession, especially new teachers. As the problem of rural teacher retention swells, teacher educators may find the social media tool Twitter useful in preparing novice teachers for teaching in rural communities. This article examines current practices in preparing rural preservice teachers, as well as strengths and challenges of rural schools. Previous research into using Twitter to support preservice teachers’ access to resources, professional development opportunities, and emotional needs in the teacher education program and beyond are highlighted. Guidelines for using Twitter with rural preservice teachers are also provided, including rural education hashtags, professional Twitter users, and the only known Twitter chat for rural education supporters.
Combination of volume-rendering 3D surface modeling and medical illustration to capture the living fetus

OBJECTIVE A good medical illustration renders essential aspects of a procedure or condition faithfully, yet idealizes it enough to make it widely applicable. Unfortunately, the live fetus is generally hidden from sight, and illustrating it relies either on autopsy material or manipulated newborn images. High-definition volume rendering of diagnostic imaging data can represent hidden conditions with an almost lifelike realism but is limited by the resolution and artifacts of the data capture. We have combined both approaches to enhance the accuracy and didactic value of illustrations of fetal conditions. METHODS Three examples, of increasing complexity, are presented to demonstrate the creation of medical illustrations of the fetus based on semiautomatic computerized posthoc manipulation of diagnostic images. RESULTS The end product utilizes the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the fetuses and the spatial manipulation of 3D models to create a lifelike, accurate and informative image of the fetal anomalies. CONCLUSION Volume-rendering and 3D surface modeling can be combined with medical illustration to create realistic and informative images of the developing fetus, using a level of detail that is tailored to the intended audience.
An Abel map to the compactified Picard scheme realizes Poincaré duality

For a smooth algebraic curve X over a field, applying H1 to the Abel map X → PicX∕∂X to the Picard scheme of X modulo its boundary realizes the Poincare duality isomorphism H1(X, ℤ∕l) → H1(X∕∂X, ℤ∕l(1))≅H c1(X, ℤ∕l(1)). We show the analogous statement for the Abel map X∕∂X →Pic¯X∕∂X to the compactified Picard, or Jacobian, scheme, namely this map realizes the Poincare duality isomorphism H1(X∕∂X, ℤ∕l) → H1(X, ℤ∕l(1)). In particular, H1 of this Abel map is an isomorphism. In proving this result, we prove some results about Pic¯ that are of independent interest. The singular curve X∕∂X has a unique singularity that is an ordinary fold point, and we describe the compactified Picard scheme of such a curve up to universal homeomorphism using a presentation scheme. We construct a Mayer–Vietoris sequence for certain pushouts of schemes, and an isomorphism of functors π1l Pic0(−)≅H1(−, ℤl(1)).
Is Reference Essential to Meaning

Most linguists and philosophers will tell you that whatever meaning is, it determines the reference of names, the satisfaction conditions of nouns and verbs, the truth conditions of sentences; in linguist speak, meaning determines semantic value. So a change in semantic value implies a change in meaning. So the semantic value a meaning determines is essential to that meaning: holding contributions from context constant, if two words have different semantic values they cannot mean the same thing. If this is correct, then in a fairly straightforward sense reference is essential to meaning. In this paper I argue that reference is not essential to meaning by giving an example in which groups in different circumstances use a phrase with the same meaning but a different reference.
Language access in emergency and disaster preparedness: An assessment of local government “whole community” efforts in the United States

Abstract In 2011, the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency enunciated a “whole community” strategic approach to emergency and disaster preparedness. Central to this approach is inclusion of the interests and concerns of all residents of a jurisdiction, including those with heightened vulnerabilities. However, relatively few studies have investigated how subnational governments have translated those federally-identified principles of access and inclusion into practice. Here, we ask: what is the current state of local government performance on language access, what might explain it, and what are its implications? While limited English proficiency (LEP) is both a key vulnerability indicator and important to emergency preparedness and operations, it is seldom studied systematically. We investigate how language accessibility is addressed in two distinct elements of community preparedness: emergency operations plans (EOPs) and household emergency preparedness guides (HPGs). Using a sample of 110 U S. counties, we find somewhat positive performance: nearly half the counties score high on language access in their EOPs, and two-thirds acknowledge the issue. Local HPGs are moderately language accessible. But our analysis also indicates that underlying demand (proportion LEP residents, community hazards profiles) does not correspond to specific efforts. Rather, other aspects of local administrative capacity might drive performance variation. Taken together, this suggests a policy challenge: emergency preparedness on language access remains relatively variable across U.S. communities and might depend primarily on local capacity and commitment. The findings imply uniform adoption of whole community principles in emergency preparedness actions across the U.S. is unlikely to occur reflexively.