cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Bathymetric Swath Survey System

The appearance in recent years of large ships with drafts approaching 30 metres has a serious impact on U.S. charting requirements. Previously, detailed harbor approach surveys were accomplished sufficient to define hazards within the 20-metre contour. The new, larger, commercial ships now require surveys to assure that all hazards and obstructions within 30 metres of the surface are located in charted channels, harbor approaches and ship fairways. A multi-beam bathymetric swath survey system (BS1) described here has the potential to meet these new survey needs. The BS’ employs a vertical fan-shaped array of 21 acoustic beams which forms a swath beneath the survey vessel with a width equal to 2.6 times the sounded depth. In addition to the usual vertical acoustic sounding, the oblique acoustic soundings are recorded and processed in real time to display contours of bottom features shoaler than the vertical depth. A computer is part of the B S \ utilizing a real time operating system to merge soundings, navigation inputs, real time telemetered tides and ship motions to output corrected soundings graphically and to a magnetic data tape. System development began in July 1976 and was delivered in September 1977. Preliminary field tests on a Government launch and aboard the NOAA survey ship Davidson are now being evaluated and the data analyzed. Indications are that the system will soon be certified and delivered to the NOAA survey fleet as an operational marine chart survey system.
Prediction of Vortex Ring State using Ring Vortex Model for Single -Rotor and Multi -Rotor Configurations

[Abstract] A simplified inflow model, called the ‘Ring Vor tex Model (R VM)’, has recently been developed for a helicopter rotor in descent flight . While previous studies explored evaluations of induced velocity and VRS stability boundary in descent flight , the current study focuses on further application of the RV M for vehicle response prediction . Response simulations of both a single main -rotor helicopter and a side -by -side rotor helicopter are considered to study some commonly observed phenomena in descent flight, including uncommanded drop in descent rate, loss of collective control effectiveness and roll off response.
Application of Dual Time Stepping to Fully Implicit Runge Kutta Schemes for Unsteady Flow Calculations

This paper presents the formulation of a dual time stepping procedure to solve the equations of fully implicit Runge-Kutta schemes. In particular the method is applied to Gauss and Radau 2A schemes with either two or three stages. The schemes are tested for unsteady flows over a pitching airfoil modeled by both the Euler and the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations. It is concluded that the Radau 2A schemes are more robust and less computationally expensive because they require a much smaller number of inner iterations. Moreover these schemes seem to be competitive with alternative implicit schemes.
Testosterone therapy for transgender men

Summary Testosterone therapy is a cornerstone of medical treatment for transgender men who choose to undergo it. The goal of testosterone therapy is usually to achieve serum testosterone concentrations in the male reference range. Testosterone has several desired effects as well as undesired and unknown effects. The desired effects include increased facial and body hair, increased lean mass and strength, decreased fat mass, deepening of the voice, increased sexual desire, cessation of menstruation, clitoral enlargement, and reductions in gender dysphoria, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Achievement of these goals comes with potential undesired effects and risks including acne, alopecia, reduced HDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides, and a possible increase in systolic blood pressure. An additional benefit of testosterone therapy (with or without mastectomy) is a reduced risk of breast cancer. Most of the effects of testosterone start to develop within several months of starting therapy, although facial hair and alopecia continue to develop after 1 year. A major limitation in the study of testosterone therapy for transgender men is a paucity of high-quality data due to a shortage of randomised controlled trials (partly because of ethical issues), few prospective and long-term studies, the use of suboptimum control groups, loss to follow-up, and difficulties in recruitment of representative samples of transgender populations.
Frailty and Older Adults

Frailty is a clinical syndrome that increases in prevalence with increasing age. Frailty is strongly associated with poor outcomes for older adults: functional loss, falls, hospitalization, and death. Screening tools, developed for research, may be adaptable for clinical settings. Frailty can be treated with exercise and thus may be reversible, if recognized.
Protease-Triggered, Integrin-Targeted Cellular Uptake of Recombinant Protein Micelles

Targeting nanoparticles for drug delivery has great potential for improving efficacy and reducing side effects from systemic toxicity. New developments in the assembly of materials afford the opportunity to expose cryptic targeting domains in tissue-specific microenvironments in which certain proteases are expressed. Here, recombinant proteins are designed to combine the responsiveness to environmental proteases with specific targeting. Materials made recombinantly allow complete control over amino acid sequence, in which each molecule is identically functionalized. Previously, oleosin, a naturally occurring plant protein that acts as a surfactant, has been engineered to self-assemble into spherical micelles-a useful structure for drug delivery. To make oleosins that are locally activated to bind receptors, oleosin is genetically modified to incorporate the integrin-binding motif RGDS just behind a domain cleavable by thrombin. The resulting modified oleosin self-assembles into spherical micelles in aqueous environments, with the RGDS motif protected by the thrombin-cleavable domain. Upon the addition of thrombin, the RGDS is exposed and the binding of the spherical micelles to breast cancer cells is increased fourfold.
The Cortisol Awakening Response and Depressive Symptomatology: The Moderating Role of Sleep and Gender.

The association between depression and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been widely examined, yet the results are mixed and factors responsible for such inconsistencies are poorly understood. The current study investigated whether the link between depressive symptomatology and CAR varied as a function of two such factors: sleep and gender. The sample included 58 young adults (30 females; Mage = 18.7; SDage = 0.91). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory as well as the Consensus Sleep Diary to assess depressive symptomatology and daily sleep patterns, respectively. Participants also provided four salivary cortisol samples (0, 30, 45 and 60 min after awakening) during two consecutive weekdays. Results demonstrated that greater depressive symptoms were associated with a greater CAR but only when depressive symptoms were linked to a shorter sleep time. In addition, gender significantly moderated the association between depressive symptoms and CAR. While greater depressive symptoms were associated with an elevated CAR among females, they were associated with a blunted CAR among males. These findings provide some insight into potential mechanisms linking depressive symptomatology and CAR, and suggest that future studies examining CAR as a biomarker of depression should account for differences in sleep and gender. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Characterization of Weight-Preserving Automorphisms of Group Algebras

In this paper we characterize all weight-preserving automorphisms of a group algebra. Examples of such automorphisms over F2 have been studied by MacWilliams in the case of cyclic-group algebras (cyclic codes), and later by Miller in the case of abelian-group algebras (abelian codes). In the binary case, we show that every weight-preserving automorphism of F2 [G] arises by extending an automorphism of G to F2 [G] by linearity.
Molecular Diagnostics for Coagulopathies

Abstract Molecular diagnostic techniques are used to study hemostatic disturbances that are associated with excessive bleeding or unexpected thrombosis. The pathogenesis of some of these coagulopathies is related to molecular alterations that alter the balance of the procoagulant and anticoagulant systems. Molecular testing complements traditional clot-based assays and, in some cases, serves as a primary diagnostic modality. For example, individuals with thrombosis are commonly tested for mutations in the factor V and prothrombin genes utilizing widely available DNA-based techniques. Additionally, molecular testing has also been utilized to identify patients who may be sensitive to the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Although molecular techniques have helped to better understand bleeding diseases like hemophilia, the role of clinical molecular testing in these disorders is less clear. However, with the advent of next-generation sequencing and emerging therapies, testing of some of these disorders has become more commonplace.
PAC optimal exploration in continuous space Markov decision processes

Current exploration algorithms can be classified in two broad categories: Heuristic, and PAC optimal. While numerous researchers have used heuristic approaches such as e-greedy exploration successfully, such approaches lack formal, finite sample guarantees and may need a significant amount of finetuning to produce good results. PAC optimal exploration algorithms, on the other hand, offer strong theoretical guarantees but are inapplicable in domains of realistic size. The goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between theory and practice, by introducing C-PACE, an algorithm which offers strong theoretical guarantees and can be applied to interesting, continuous space problems.
FBG-based transverse and axial force-sensing micro-forceps for retinal microsurgery

Retinal microsurgery routinely requires the manipulation of extremely delicate tissues. Membrane peeling is a prototypical task where a layer of fibrous tissue is delaminated off the retina with a micro-forceps by applying very fine forces that are mostly imperceptible to the surgeon. Previously we developed sensitized ophthalmic surgery tools that can precisely detect the transverse forces at the instrument's tip via integrated fiber Bragg grating strain sensors. This paper presents a new design that employs an additional sensor to capture also the tensile force along the tool axis which can be significant in membrane peeling. We investigate two distinct fitting methods to compute the transverse and axial forces based on sensor outputs. Validation with random samples shows that the linear method closely predicts the transverse force but does not provide sufficient accuracy in computing the axial load. Our nonlinear method resolves this problem, providing a more consistent and accurate measurement of both the transverse and axial forces.
Sharing a Smile: Dantean Poetics in Henry James's THE JOLLY CORNER

“The Jolly Corner” (1908) remains one of Henry James's most thrilling stories. It is a tale about a man named Spencer Brydon and his return to America after living abroad for thirty-three years in ...
Conclusion: “Serveti Değil Sermayeyi Artırmalıyız”

The conclusion, after summing up the main arguments of the book, discusses why, contrary to “no bourgeoisie no democracy” argument, neo-Islamists bourgeoisie did/could not play a crucial role in further democratization of Turkey, and also deals with contextualization of the Turkish case within the larger Islamic world in order to provide the reader with a comparative perspective.
The Purification of Thrombin and Isolation of a Peptide Containing the Active Center Histidine

A chromatographic purification of bovine thrombin from commercial starting material is described which yields preparations judged to be essentially pure, that is, with a clotting activity of 2100 to 2500 NIH units per mg. In addition to the two-chain form of thrombin, the purified enzyme contains a three-chain form arising from cleavage of the B chain at arginine-73 (or 76). This form must be fully active since the specific clotting activity of various preparations does not vary with the content of the three-chain form, amounting at times to 70%. Inactivation of thrombin with Nα-tosyl lysyl chloromethyl ketone and Nα-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)arginyl chloromethyl ketone results in alkylation of nitrogen-3 of the active center histidine with loss of both clotting and esterase activities. A radioactive peptide has been isolated from thrombin inactivated with tritiated Nα-tosyl lysyl chloromethyl ketone and shown to contain histidine-43.
UAV collision avoidance exploitation for noncooperative trajectory modification

Abstract Distributed collision-free trajectories are generally obtained through a continuous sharing of information between vehicles. With the intent of investigating possible sources of vulnerability in autonomous frameworks, we formalize a procedure malicious players can follow to influence other. In this paper we propose a strategy for steering a UAV towards predetermined targets. The strategy described here relies on the existence of a flight information sharing protocol (i.e. ADS-B) and predictable collision avoidance algorithms. A model predictive controller is applied to the switching system representing a pair of UAVs coupled by the presence of an imminent collision. As showed by means of numerical simulations and robot experiments, the result is a loss of autonomy on the UAV. Our results suggest the need to include the subject of our study in the discussion on safe automated airspace.
Designing and Assessing Scientific Explanation Tasks

ion Pattern generalization, ability to filter out information, ability to generate information needed, making and verifying conjectures, variables Discovery Science 339 D
Public Attitudes Towards Nanotechnology-Enabled Cognitive Enhancement in the United States

Anticipatory governance of emergent technologies depends on a comprehensive understanding of the values in society that shape public understanding of new and emerging technologies, as well as their response to related technologies already available within the culture (Barben et al. 2008; Guston and Sarewitz 2002). One method of contributing to the understanding of public values is to measure them directly through survey research. In this chapter, we present results from a 2008 national survey about nanotechnology and human enhancements. More specifically, the survey was designed to evaluate the public’s support for potential nano-enabled cognitive enhancement technologies. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first nationally representative survey about human enhancements to be conducted in the United States. Where appropriate, we also report some preliminary findings from a follow-up survey in 2010 that supplement our analysis of the 2008 study, but we intend to report the bulk of the 2010 survey elsewhere.
Pairing New Words With Unfamiliar Objects: Comparing Children With and Without Cochlear Implants.

Purpose This study investigates differences between preschool children with cochlear implants and age-matched children with normal hearing during an initial stage in word learning to evaluate wheth...
Longitudinal Study of the Vocational and High School Graduation Rate from 2011 to 2016 in Erie County, New York

This study highlighted the discrepancies of education outcomes in urban-suburban settings and the differences between the graduates of vocational high schools and general high schools from 2011 to 2016 in Erie County, New York State, United States. Erie was infamous for racial segregation and the discrepancy of school quality between urban, suburban, and rural areas. New York State Department of Education has invested efforts to improve the education outcomes of vocational and high school education in the region. However, the education outcome gap still existed between those schools. The data source was derived from the School Report Card from 2011 to 2016 published by New York State Department of Education. The outcome variable was the percentage of high school graduates who attained Regent diploma (New York State standard) or the graduation rate. Methods utilized were an independent sample t-test, an analysis of variance, and a hierarchical linear model to measure the difference in longitudinal growth of graduation rate from 2011 to 2016. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the means of the graduation rate between vocational and general high schools. Teacher academic qualifications and certifications had a positive relationship with the graduation rate. The implication of this study called for tremendous efforts to improve the educational outcome, leverage teacher competencies, and close the gap.
A UAV with Autonomy, Pattern Recognition for Forest Fire Prevention, and AI for Providing Advice to Firefighters Fighting Forest Fires

The design of a long endurance UAV powered by solar energy, with autonomy flying over a pre specified forest area equipped with LiDAR which includes R, G, B and Infrared or near infrared bands to take clear and detail video of every part of the forest in order to recognize legal or illegal camp fires, dry areas providing hazardous conditions, upload temperature, humidity and other ground sensor data, helping to characterize the degree of forest fire vulnerability using pattern recognition, and communicating this information to firefighters either upon request, or as alarm events. The airplane electronic hardware software uses computational photography and virtual reality to create a detail 3-D forest video real time. It communicates all this information to a ground station real time. Although the aircraft has autonomy, trained pilots in the ground station can override the autonomy and fly the aircraft. In case of forest fire the aircraft electronic hardware software system can compute the exact area affected, the fire velocity and speed, the wind direction, and provide advice to the firefighters regarding the optimal way of fighting the fire. Often time forest fires destroy the communication infrastructure, so the airplane has a router to enable firefighters to exchange, text and voice information.
A Bibliography of Mathematical Biology

This bibliography was compiled by the author during the spring of 1973 and was distributed to students attending a graduate level course in biomathematics. References to areas in biophysics (for example ion transport across real and synthetic membranes), cell biology (growth, function and form) and the nervous system are not included here; a more comprehensive bibliography would, of course, need to include these areas. The bibliography does not contain references to scientific papers. The listings are by year of publication, the oldest publications being at the top and the latest are at the bottom. Within each year the listings are by author alphabetically.
1029 - IRON HOMEOSTASIS-REGULATORY PATHWAYS IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS

Iron is an important bioelement essential for catalyzing various electron transfer reactions in cells. It occurs as ferric and ferrous forms mostly incorporated in iron-sulfur clusters, or bound to iron-binding proteins. Only a small fraction of transitory free iron is present at all times limiting the generation of hydroxyl radicals; the amount of this labile iron pool (LIP) depends on the cells’ energetic needs. Our resent study of iron homeostasis-regulatory pathways in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has uncovered a previously unrecognized key role of this molecular circuit in hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and maintenance. Experimental transient reduction of the LIP, mimicking the reduction of free intracellular iron upon cell division, led to a significant two to three-fold increase in HSC numbers using in vivo and ex vivio models. Mechanistically, our study uncovered that a transient reduction of the LIP triggers a compensatory molecular response in HSCs which, besides upregulation of the transferrin receptor and induction of ferritinophagy to restore the LIP, also comprises lipolysis activation, increased fatty acid mobilization and oxidation. This cascade, in turn, reinforces molecular HSC states. Together, our study has uncovered a new iron-dependent rheostat mechanism aiding in sustaining HSC identify upon cell division.
Argumentative Adversariality, Contrastive Reasons, and the Winners-and-Losers Problem

This essay has two connected theses. First, that given the contrastivity of reasons, a form of dialectical adversariality of argument follows. This dialectical adversariality accounts for a broad variety of both argumentative virtues and vices. Second, in light of this contrastivist view of reasons, the primary objection to argumentative adversarialism, the winners-and-losers problem, can be answered.
Biomarker-Concordant Steroid Use in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia.

Objectives To evaluate the frequency and consequences of prescribing corticosteroids for pneumonia in a biomarker-concordant manner. Patients and Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults with pneumonia admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2014. Steroid use was "biomarker concordant" if given when C-reactive protein (CRP) was ≥150 mg/L or withheld when CRP was <150 mg/L, and vice versa for biomarker discordant. Results Of 3481 ICU admissions with community-acquired pneumonia, 169 (4.9%) had CRPs measured within 48 hours of admission to the ICU. Steroid use in the ICU was biomarker concordant in 88 (52%) patients and biomarker discordant in 81 (48%) patients. Biomarker-concordant steroid use was associated with faster resolution of lung injury: median fraction of inspired oxygen on day 3 (0.4 [0.3, 0.5] vs 0.3 [0.21, 0.4], P=.005), day 4 (0.35 [0.3, 0.5] vs 0.28 [0.21, 0.38], P=<.001), and day 5 (0.30 [0.24, 0.45] vs 0.28 [0.21, 0.40], P=.03), and increased ICU (3.5; 95% CI, 0.5 to 6.4, P=.02), and hospital-free days (3.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 6.8, P=.03) on multivariate analysis. Conclusions In critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia, steroid use is rarely biomarker informed and often discordant with inflammatory biomarker levels. Biomarker-concordant steroid use was associated with a faster recovery of hypoxemia and increased ICU- and hospital-free days. Future well-designed prospective studies are justified to test the potential value of biomarker-concordant steroid therapy.
The TRIM9/TRIM67 neuronal interactome reveals novel activators of morphogenesis.

Unbiased proximity biotinylation revealed an overlapping interactome of E3 ubiquitin ligases TRIM9 and TRIM67. The interactome is enriched in proteins that regulate neuronal growth and arborization...
Kevin M. Gannon. Radical Hope: A Teaching Manifesto . Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2020. 166p. Paper, $19.99 (ISBN 978-1-9491-9951-2).

Radical Hope: A Teaching Manifesto by Kevin Gannon is a small, moving book that demonstrates the power of praxis by synthesizing theories within the scholarship of teaching and learning into concise, frank, easy-to-read, practice-focused chapters. The intended audience is teachers: folks in higher education who are face-to-face with students every day while simultaneously navigating administrative structures. Librarians who teach, whether primarily one-shot instruction sessions or credit-bearing courses, will be reinvigorated by discussions of meaningful reasons to teach, recognize familiar challenges, reflect on thought-provoking big-picture questions, and identify immediately applicable practices.
Influence of High Altitude Environment on Electrical Performance of Miniature Circuit Breaker

In a high altitude environment, the temperature rise of miniature circuit breaker increases significantly due to slow heat dissipation. Based on the principle of heat transfer, this paper discussed the influence of the difference in pressure, relative humidity and temperature in different altitudes on the heat loss of miniature circuit breaker, a three-phase intelligent miniature circuit breaker thermoelectric coupling model was established, and the thermal convection coefficient of each cooling surface under different environmental parameters was calculated, the thermal convection and thermal radiation boundary conditions was applied, it was obtained that what the difference between the internal and external temperature rise of the circuit breaker at an altitude of 4300m and that at an altitude of 0m was by simulating. The temperature rise test and the trip test were carried out under different environmental parameters, and it was obtained that how temperature rise, thermal convection power and thermal radiation thermal power change with environmental parameters changing. That the difference between the stable temperature rise and time constant of the bimetal when 1.13 times rated current was applied, the trip temperature rise and the trip time when 1.45 times rated current is applied were also obtained.
Generalization performance of a deep learning based engine-out emissions model

Abstract In our previous work [1] , an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models was used to predict engine-out emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Unburned Hydrocarbons (HC) and Smoke directly from in-cylinder contours of multiple scalar fields - Equivalence Ratio, Temperature, Velocity and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) at Exhaust Valve Opening (EVO) generated by physics based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimentally measured emissions data. A dataset of 600 CFD generated images, one for each engine operating condition, from a 1.6L light-duty diesel engine was used for training, validation and testing of the CNN ensemble model. In this short communication, several modifications were made to the image data generation and training procedure. The ensemble of CNN models was re-trained per the new procedure on the modified image dataset from the 1.6L engine. The generalization capability of this re-trained deep learning model was investigated by evaluating its prediction performance on a test dataset from a 3.0L diesel engine that was not used previously for training, validation or testing. The CNN ensemble model re-trained on the 1.6L engine dataset captured the qualitative trends for all three emissions species on the 3.0L engine test dataset, however, quantitatively its prediction performance was not as good. Future work with additional engines and input features is planned to improve the generalization performance of the CNN based emissions prediction model.
Exposure to Family Member Incarceration and Adult Well-being in the United States.

Importance More than half of the adult population in the United States has ever had a family member incarcerated, an experience more common among Black individuals. The impacts of family incarceration on well-being are not fully understood. Objective To assess the associations of incarceration of a family member with perceived well-being and differences in projected life expectancy. Design, setting, and participants This nationally representative cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Family History of Incarceration Survey to examine how experiences of family member incarceration were associated with a holistic measure of well-being, including physical, mental, social, financial, and spiritual domains. Well-being was used to estimate change in life expectancy and was compared across varying levels of exposure to immediate and extended family member incarceration using logistic regression models to adjust for individual and household characteristics. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to April 2020. Exposures Respondents' history of family member incarceration, including immediate and extended family members. Main outcomes and measures The main outcome was self-reported life-evaluation, a measure of overall well-being from the 100 Million Healthier Lives Adult Well-being Assessment. Respondents were considered thriving with a current life satisfaction score of 7 or greater and a future life optimism score of 8 or greater, each on a scale of 0 to 10. Other outcomes included physical health, mental health, social support, financial well-being, and spiritual well-being, each measured with separate scales. Additionally, life expectancy projections were estimated using population-level correlations with the Life Evaluation Index. All percentages were weighted to more closely represent the US population. Results Of 2815 individuals included in analysis, 1472 (51.7%) were women, 1765 (62.8%) were non-Hispanic White, and 868 (31.5%) were aged 35 to 54 years. A total of 1806 respondents (45.0%) reported having an immediate family member who was incarcerated. Compared with respondents with no family incarceration, any family member incarceration was associated with lower well-being overall (thriving: 69.5% [95% CI, 65.0%-75.0%] vs 56.9% [95% CI, 53.9%-59.9%]) and in every individual domain (eg, physical thriving: 51.1% [95% CI, 46.2-56.0] vs 35.5% [95% CI, 32.6%-38.3%]) and with a mean (SE) estimated 2.6 (0.03) years shorter life expectancy. Among those with any family incarceration, Black respondents had a mean (SE) estimated 0.46 (0.04) fewer years of life expectancy compared with White respondents. Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that family member health and well-being may be an important avenue through which incarceration is associated with racial disparities in health and mortality. Decarceration efforts may improve population-level well-being and life expectancy by minimizing detrimental outcomes associated with incarceration among nonincarcerated family members.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on trauma surgical education at a level I trauma center.

Abstract Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, trauma presentations to the emergency room decreased across the country. The goal of this study is to analyze the educational impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on trauma education and training at a level I trauma center. Methods Trauma patient presentations were analyzed 6 months before a Tennessee executive stay-at-home order and 6 months after the state executive order. To control for the seasonal trauma volumes, an additional 6 months before the executive order was then analyzed comparing month to month. Total number of presentations, demographics, procedures, airway management, and coronavirus disease 2019 status of patients and residents were analyzed. Results The number of trauma presentations were sustained after executive orders at our level I trauma center. There was no significant difference in intubations, central line placements, and chest tube placements before and during the pandemic. Blunt trauma decreased after stay-at-home orders. Of the 36 residents, no residents tested positive during the study period. Conclusion Trauma-focused surgical education was not affected at an academic level I trauma center. Understanding that it is region, city, and hospital specific, this study shows that quality trauma education can continue throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic while keeping trainees safe. Proper airway management, personal protective equipment, social distancing, and coronavirus disease 2019-preventative protocols seem to protect residents from potential harm while allowing them to participate and continue in quality trauma education and training.
A Low-Complexity Time-Domain Method for a Fast and Accurate Measurement of Q-Factor and Resonant Frequency of RF and Microwave Resonators

A new time-domain technique for an accurate and fast measurement of the resonant frequency and $Q$ -factor of resonators is presented. In this technique, the phase slope with respect to frequency of a resonator is characterized and used to specify its $Q$ -factor and resonant frequency. To measure the phase slope, a slow-rate linear chirp signal is generated and passed through the resonator under test. The output signal is amplified and subsequently divided into two equal parts which are delayed by different amounts. Due to the linear time-frequency relationship of the chirp signal, the instantaneous frequencies of the two delayed signals are slightly different at any given time, and their phase difference can determine the resonator’s phase slope. Detailed analysis of the proposed approach is presented and its accuracy is verified through simulations and measurements. Based on the measured results, the proposed approach characterizes the resonant frequency and $Q$ -factor by less than 0.6% and 4% error, respectively.
Is Labor Productivity More Sensitive to Firm Philanthropy towards Welfare Shocks or Chronic Needs

Do increases in labor productivity that follow from corporate philanthropy depend on the societal causes to which firms donate? Integrating insights from psychological research showing that individ...
C formal verification with unix communication and concurrency

The results of a NASA SBIR project are presented in which CSP-Ariel, a verification system for C programs which use Unix system calls for concurrent programming, interprocess communication, and file input and output, was developed. This project builds on ORA's Ariel C verification system by using the system of Hoare's book, Communicating Sequential Processes, to model concurrency and communication. The system runs in ORA's Clio theorem proving environment. The use of CSP to model Unix concurrency and sketch the CSP semantics of a simple concurrent program is outlined. Plans for further development of CSP-Ariel are discussed. This paper is presented in viewgraph form.
Cadherin-11 coordinates cellular migration and extracellular matrix remodeling during aortic valve maturation

Abstract Proper remodeling of the endocardial cushions into thin fibrous valves is essential for gestational progression and long-term function. This process involves dynamic interactions between resident cells and their local environment, much of which is not understood. In this study, we show that deficiency of the cell–cell adhesion protein cadherin-11 (Cad-11) results in significant embryonic and perinatal lethality primarily due to valve related cardiac dysfunction. While endocardial to mesenchymal transformation is not abrogated, mesenchymal cells do not homogeneously cellularize the cushions. These cushions remain thickened with disorganized ECM, resulting in pronounced aortic valve insufficiency. Mice that survive to adulthood maintain thickened and stenotic semilunar valves, but interestingly do not develop calcification. Cad-11 −/− aortic valve leaflets contained reduced Sox9 activity, β1 integrin expression, and RhoA-GTP activity, suggesting that remodeling defects are due to improper migration and/or cellular contraction. Cad-11 deletion or siRNA knockdown reduced migration, eliminated collective migration, and impaired 3D matrix compaction by aortic valve interstitial cells (VIC). Cad-11 depleted cells in culture contained few filopodia, stress fibers, or contact inhibited locomotion. Transfection of Cad-11 depleted cells with constitutively active RhoA restored cell phenotypes. Together, these results identify cadherin-11 mediated adhesive signaling for proper remodeling of the embryonic semilunar valves.
3 Mechanisms of Calcium Regulation in Sea Urchin Eggs and their Activities during Fertilization

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current evidence of Ca 2+ regulation in sea-urchin eggs during fertilization. Studies on calcium regulation during the fertilization of mammalian eggs and comparative changes in deuterostome eggs during fertilization are also discussed in the chapter, along with other events associated with egg membranes during fertilization. The regulation of intracellular Ca 2+ activity ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in a wide variety of cells is well established as an important event during signal transduction of numerous extrinsic stimuli. Different sources, including influx of external Ca 2+ and release from the intracellular stores, contribute to the rise in [Ca 2+ ] i . Irrespective of the cell type, resting [Ca 2+ ] is generally in the range of 50–200 n M and accounts for only a minute fraction of the total cellular Ca 2+ content, therefore the bulk of the cellular Ca 2+ is bound and may reside within the membrane-bound organelles.
Influenza and Influenza Vaccination in Children

Ecological and active population-based surveillance studies have clearly shown the large burden of seasonal influenza disease in children, both in hospital and in outpatient settings. Mortality and encephalitis due to seasonal influenza have also been reported. The recent emergence of a novel H1N1 strain and its global spread have also had a major impact on children. Two influenza vaccines are licensed for use in children: trivalent inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines. Both have been shown to be efficacious for the prevention of clinical and laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza. In recent comparative trials in young children, live-attenuated vaccines were shown to be more effective than trivalent inactivated vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza. However, episodes of wheezing were increased in the youngest children receiving live-attenuated vaccine. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine has an excellent safety profile and has been mainly associated with minor local pain and tenderness at the injection site. Vaccine efficacy for the inactivated vaccine has been shown to be greater in older children. Vaccines for the prevention of the novel H1N1 strain have also been tested for safety and immunogenicity in children. The increased use of either inactivated or live influenza vaccines directed at seasonal and pandemic strains has the potential to reduce the influenza disease burden in children and to potentially extend herd protection to those who are unvaccinated.
Mass law predicts hyperbolic hypoxic ventilatory response.

The hyperbolic hypoxic ventilatory response vs PaO2, HVRp, is interpreted as relecting a mass hyperbolic relationship of cytochrome PcO2 to cytochrome potential Ec, offset 32 torr by the constant diffusion gradient between arterial blood and cytochrome in CB at its constant metabolic rate \( \dot VO_2 \). Ec is taken to be a linear function of redox reduction and CB ventilatory drive. As Ec rises in hypoxia, the absolute potentials of each step in the citric acid cycle rises equally while the potential drop across each step remains constant because flux rate remains constant. A hypothetic HVRs (\( \dot VE \) vs SaO2) response curve computed from these assumptions is strikingly non linear. A hypothetic HVRp calculated from an assumed linear HVRs cannot be fit to the observed hyperbolic increase of ventilation in response to isocapnic hypoxia at PO2 less than 40 torr. The incompatibility of these results suggest that in future studies HVRs will not be found to be linear, especially below 80% SaO2 and HVRp will fail to be accurately hyperbolic.
Empowering a safer practice: PDAs are integral tools for nursing and health care

hudson k. & buell v. (2011) Journal of Nursing Management 19, 400–406 Empowering a safer practice: PDAs are integral tools for nursing and health care Aim This study’s purpose was to assess the characteristics of personal digital assistant (PDA) uptake and use in both clinical and classroom work for baccalaureate student nurses (BSN) within a rural Texas university. Background Patient care has become more complicated, risk prone, automated and costly. Efficiencies at the bedside are needed to continue to provide safe and successful within this environment. Method Purposive sample of nursing students using PDAs throughout their educational processes, conducted at three campus sites. The initial sample size was 105 students, followed by 94 students at end of the first semester and 75 students at curriculum completion at the end of a 2-year period. Students completed structured and open-ended questions to assess their perspectives on PDA usage. Results Student uptake varied in relation to overall competency, with minimal to high utilization noted, and was influenced by the current product costs. Conclusions PDAs are developing into useful clinical tools by providing quick and important information for safer care. Implications for nursing management Using bedside PDAs effectively assists with maintaining patient safety, efficiency of care delivery and staff satisfaction. This study evaluates the initial implementation of PDAs by students, our future multitasking nurses.
Learning to Analyze Performance

(1939). Learning to Analyze Performance. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 84-121.
The Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Leukocyte Protein of 76-kDa Adaptor Links Integrin Ligation with p44/42 MAPK Phosphorylation and Podosome Distribution in Murine Dendritic Cells

The Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) is an important molecular intermediate in multiple signaling pathways governing immune cell function. In this study, we report that SLP-76 is expressed in CD11c+ B220- dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from murine thymus or spleen, and that SLP-76 is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon plating of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) on integrin agonists. SLP-76 is not required for the in vitro or in vivo generation of DCs, but SLP-76-deficient BMDCs adhere poorly to fibronectin, suggesting impaired integrin function. Consistent with impaired adhesion, cutaneous SLP-76-deficient DCs leave ear tissue at an elevated frequency compared with wild-type DCs. In addition, the pattern and distribution of actin-based podosome formation are visibly altered in BMDCs lacking SLP-76 following integrin engagement. SLP-76-deficient BMDCs manifest multiple signaling defects following integrin ligation, including reduced global tyrosine phosphorylation and markedly impaired phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2). These data implicate SLP-76 as an important molecular intermediate in the signaling pathways regulating multiple integrin-dependent DC functions, and add to the growing body of evidence that hemopoietic cells may use unique molecular intermediates and mechanisms for regulating integrin signaling.
Mechanisms of action of clofibrate on cholesterol metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia

The influence of clofibrate on cholesterol metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia was studied by means of sterol balance and isotope kinetic techniques and by measurements of flow rates of cholesterol through the biliary tract. Long-term balance studies were carried out on a metabolic ward in 24 patients with all currently recognized types of hyperlipidemia; in five other patients with hypercholesterolemia, pool sizes and turnover rates of cholesterol were defined by compartmental analysis before and after three years' daily administration of the drug. Except in fat-induced hypertriglyceridemia (two patients), clofibrate caused reduced plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in all categories of hyperlipidemia. As a general rule, excretion of cholesterol into bile and feces was significantly increased and fecal bile acid excretion was decreased, regardless of the type of lipoprotein abnormality. Despite a net increase in steroid excretion in most patients with hyperlipidemia, cholesterol synthesis was not increased; indeed, in many patients synthesis appeared to be decreased. While the data obtained in 29 patients were not always consistent, the bulk of the evidence suggests that, in all forms of hyperlipidemia except fat-induced hyperglyceridemia, the drug causes an increased output of cholesterol while simultaneously inhibiting any compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis. Therefore, it appeared that the increased excretion of steroids was most likely derived from cholesterol stored in tissues. This conclusion was strengthened by finding that long-term administration of the drug can cause marked reduction in body pools of cholesterol. These findings are reflected clinically by resolution of skin and tendon xanthomatosis. However, it is not yet known whether the accumulation of cholesterol in arterial walls that is part of the process of atherogenesis can be inhibited or reversed by the drug.
New insights into the molecular mechanism of the Rab GTPase Sec4p activation

Sec4p is a small monomeric Ras-related GTP-binding protein (23 kDa) that regulates polarized exocytosis in S. cerevisiae. In this study we examine the structural effects of a conserved serine residue in the P-loop corresponding to G12 in Ras. We show that the Sec4p residue serine 29 forms a hydrogen bond with the nucleotide. Mutations of this residue have a different impact than equivalent mutations in Ras and can form stable associations with the exchange factor allowing us to elucidate the structure of a complex of Sec4p bound to the exchange factor Sec2p representing an early stage of the exchange reaction. Our structural investigation of the Sec4p-Sec2p complex reveals the role of the Sec2p coiled-coil domain in facilitating the fast kinetics of the exchange reaction. For Ras-family GTPases, single point mutations that impact the signaling state of the molecule have been well described however less structural information is available for equivalent mutations in the case of Rab proteins. Understanding the structural properties of mutants such as the one described here, provides useful insights into unique aspects of Rab GTPase function.
Determination of tin and methyltin species by hydride generation and detection with graphite-furnace atomic absorption or flame emission spectrometry

Abstract A method for the determination of tin and organotin species by hydride generation is described. Tin hydrides are detected by graphite-furnace atomic absorption, quartz-cuvette atomic absorption, or flame emission spectrometry with detection limits of 50, 50, and 20 pg as tin, respectively. Germanium interferences are eliminated with a dual-detector flame photometer with an electronic cancellation circuit.
The Young Adult Human Brain: An MRI-based Morphometric Analysis

Morphometric analysis was performed on three-dimensional MRI scans of 10 male and 10 female young adults with four principal objectives: (1) to characterize in vivo volumes of whole brain and substructures, (2) to explore volumetric symmetry in bilateral structures, (3) to consider the extent to which volumetric measures are dimorphic in the male and female brain, and (4) to provide a normal volumetric database for the young adult brain. Total brain volumes ranged between 1173 and 1626 cm3. All bilateral structures were symmetric or nearly symmetric in volume, with the exception of a slightly larger right neocortex and amygdala, and larger left lateral ventricle. Male brains were larger in volume than female brains, a difference that reached significance for cerebellar but not for cerebral hemisphere volume. In females, there was less cerebral white matter while caudate volume was larger than in the male brains. The proportions of caudate and hippocampus relative to total cerebral volumes were larger in females than in males. These four measures accurately predicted gender in 85% of the subjects by discriminant analysis. No gender differences were noted in the structural symmetry analysis. These results represent the first step in establishing a comprehensive database of morphometric parameters, with unexpected findings relative to brain symmetry and sexual dimorphism.