cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of embryo extract on the types of collagen synthesized by cultured chick chondrocytes.

Abstract Growth of embryonic chick chondrocytes in dialyzed embryo extract results in both a change in morphology of the cells toward that of a fibroblast and a change in the type of collagen synthesized from the cartilage-specific Type II collagen (chain composition [α1(II)] 3 ) to a mixture of Type I collagen (chain composition [α1(I)] 2 α2) and the Type I trimer (chain composition [α1(I)] 3 ). Analyses after 6 days of growth in embryo extract show that the synthesis of only Type I collagen and the Type I trimer can be detected. However, on subculturing the cells to a low density and allowing a period of growth without embryo extract, colonies of chondrocytes reappear and the synthesis of Type II collagen apparently resumes. It is suggested that the observed changes represent a “modulation” in cell behavior, this being expressed not only by the morphological changes but also by changes in cell-specific protein synthesis as demonstrated by the changes in the type of collagen synthesized.
Improved inpatient use of basal insulin, reduced hypoglycemia, and improved glycemic control: Effect of structured subcutaneous insulin orders and an insulin management algorithm

BACKGROUND: Structured subcutaneous insulin order sets and insulin protocols are widely advocated. The intervention effects are not well reported. OBJECTIVE: Assess the impact of these interventions on insulin use patterns, hypoglycemia, and glycemic control. DESIGN: Prospective observational. SETTING: 400-bed academic center. PATIENTS: Adult non-critical care inpatients with diabetes or hyperglycemia and point-of-care (POC) glucose testing. INTERVENTIONS: Structured insulin orders, insulin management algorithm. MEASUREMENTS: Percent of insulin orders with basal insulin. Percent uncontrolled patient-stays (day-weighted mean glucose ≥180 mg/dL) and uncontrolled patient-days (patient-day mean glucose ≥180 mg/dL). Percent of monitored patient-days and patient-stays with hypoglycemia (glucose ≤60 mg/dL) and severe hypoglycemia (glucose ≤40 mg/dL). RESULTS: The percent sliding scale only insulin regimens decreased (72% versus 26% with structured insulin orders, P < 0.0001 chi square). The percent of uncontrolled patient-days was 37.8% versus 33.9% versus 30.1% (P < 0.005) (TP1–Baseline; TP2–Structured insulin orders; TP3–Orders plus Algorithm). Expressed as relative risk with 95% confidence interval (RR with CI), the RR of an uncontrolled patient-stay was reduced from baseline to 0.91 (CI 0.85–0.96) in TP2, and to 0.84 (CI 0.77–0.89) in TP3, with more marked effects in the secondary analysis limited to patients with at least 8 POC values. The percent of patient-days with hypoglycemia was 3.8%, 2.9%, and 2.6% in 3 time periods, representing a RR for hypoglycemic day in TP3:TP1 of 0.68 (CI 0.59-0.78). Similar reductions were seen in risk for hypoglycemic patient-stays. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoglycemia and glycemic control can be improved simultaneously with structured insulin orders and management algorithms. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:3–15. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Exploration of learning in an associative magnetic processor

The authors previously (1987) proposed a physical implementation of an amorphous magnetic processor functioning as a fast associative memory with massive information storage. An amorphous magnetic material, such as a spin glass film, is used. Magnetic particles, which orient along or against the direction of local magnetic fields (called spins) in a film, play the role of neurons or units in a neural net. Magnetic interactions in the film serve the role of weights in a connectionist neural net model. The film is taught a series of pattern vectors imposed by local laser heating in a magnetic field by allowing the magnetic spins of the system to move and seek a self-consistent energy minimum. The energy landscape created effectively stores a set of pattern vectors and permits their subsequent retrieval. The authors explore two training procedures (learning rules) and discuss computer simulations by which the effectiveness of learning in this machine can be studied. In addition to its use as associative memory, its use for data compression and unsupervised feature direction is also discussed. >
Somatic Metaphors: Embodied Recognition of Rhetorical Opportunities

If bodies and discourse are always interpenetrated and mutually influencing, rhetoricians need ways to consider how it is possible to evoke embodied effects with rhetorical force via discursive tools. This article discusses how the use of somatic metaphors, metaphors crafted to revive remembered embodied experience in the mover’s consciousness, allows access to the ideological, political, and affective ties formed in the original embodied performance. Repeated exposure to this metaphoric resurrection of the past creates a kairotic awareness where remembered embodiments are viewed as potential rhetorical resources.
Frontiers in catalytic nitrile hydration: Nitrile and cyanohydrin hydration catalyzed by homogeneous organometallic complexes

Abstract Acrylic monomers are a significant part of the global economy, contributing to the manufacture of over a billion tons of diverse polymeric consumer products every year. The development of more efficient, greener methods to manufacture this highly demanded class of compounds is an important goal in the realization of a sustainable chemical industry. The pursuit of environmentally benign production processes has inspired a rich body of industrial and academic research on methods for the catalytic hydration of nitriles, and this review surveys both established and newer methods of generating acrylic amides, acids, and esters from nitrile and cyanohydrin substrates. The review also examines synthetic and mechanistic studies of homogeneously catalyzed nitrile hydration reactions with an emphasis on explicating the parameters that impact catalyst performance. The final section is a discussion of catalyst properties, gleaned from the mechanistic studies, that will be useful in designing the next generation of nitrile hydration catalysts.
Two methods for selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and their synaptic endings in the central nervous system.

Abstract The original, non-suppressive Natua method for impregenation of terminal degeneration has been modified by the introduction of a potassium permanganate-uranyl nitrate sequence. With proper timing, this step enchances the argyrophilia of degenerating fibers while suppresing normal-fiber impregnation. The result is a selective impregnation of degenarated axons inclusive of their synaptic thickenings.
A preliminary in vitro test for anthelmintic activity.

Abstract An in vitro micro method was developed for preliminary evaluation of the antinematode effects of chemicals. A 0.01 ml volume of a volatile solvent containing a test substance was applied to dried E. coli cells. After the solvent had evaporated, a suspension of nematode innoculum was introduced. Numbers and stages of nematodes that developed during the next several days were recorded. Results were judged against those for the standard of reference, phenothiazine. Larval trichostrongyles are more susceptible than are truly saprophytic nematodes ( C. briggsae ) to phenothiazine, piperine, the ethylthioester of 5-nitro-2-furoic acid, and quinine alkaloids. The various stages of the nematodes differed in their susceptibility to toxic chemicals. New procedures included a salt concentration gradient tube for collecting eggs; volatile solvents for applying chemicals to dried food material for test organisms, a pipette washing setup for cleaning culture dishes, and monoxenic parasites for screening work.
Homodimerization of hyaluronan and heparan sulfate derivatives by olefin metathesis reaction

Abstract Hyaluronan and heparan sulfate disaccharides of the type β- d -glucuronic acid-(1→3)- N -acetyl-β- d -glucosamine and α- l -iduronic acid-(1→4)- N -acetyl-β- d -glucosamine, respectively, with an n -pentenyl group at the reducing end have been synthesized. Homodimerization of these derivatives using Grubbs catalyst furnished dimerized disaccharides separated by a C 8 spacer arm.
Error rate equations for the general biometric system

We derive equations for false-match and false-nonmatch error-rate prediction for the general M-to-N biometric identification system, under the simplifying, but limiting, assumption of statistical independence of all errors. For systems with large N, error rates are shown to be linked to the hardware processing speed through the system penetration coefficient and the throughput equation. These equations are somewhat limited in their ability to handle sample-dependent decision policies and are shown to be consistent with previously published cases for verification and identification. Applying parameters consistent with the Philippine Social Security System benchmark test results for AFIS vendors, we establish that biometric identification systems can be used in populations of 100 million people. Development of more generalized equations, accounting for error correlation and general sample-dependent thresholds, establishing confidence bounds, and substituting the inter-template for the impostor distribution under the template generating policy remain for future study.
Finite element analysis of frequency spectra for elastic waveguides

Abstract The finite element theory is presented for the analysis of the dispersive characteristics of elastic waveguides of arbitrary cross-section. The necessary mass and stiffness properties of circular core, circular sleeve, rectangular, and triangular elements are developed. The practical application of these new elements is demonstrated in the calculation of frequency spectra for circular, square, and triangular waveguides and for a fiber reinforced composite. The dispersive characteristics of the composite material are determined from a formulation which models the fiber as a cylinder and the surrounding matrix material as a rectangular section. The numerical results obtained by the finite element analysis are also compared with the available results from other methods.
Investigation of regularization parameters and error estimating in inverse elasticity problems

The method of Tarantola1 based on Bayesian statistical theory for solving general inverse problems is applied to inverse elasticity problems and is compared to the spatial regularization technique presented in Schnur and Zabaras.2 It is shown that when normal Gaussian distributions are assumed and the error in the data is uncorrelated, the Bayesian statistical theory takes a form similar to the deterministic regularization method presented earlier in Schnur and Zabaras,2 As such, the statistical theory can be used to provide a statistical interpretation of regularization and to estimate error in the solution of the inverse problem. Examples are presented to demonstrate the effect of the regularization parameters and the error in the initial data on the solution.
THEORY OF THE HYDROGEN MASER

The behavior of the atomic hydrogen maser is analyzed for both stationary and transient operation. An expression for noise in the signal from the maser oscillator is derived by applying the previously developed theory of Shimoda, Wang, and Townes. A variety of relaxation phenomena are analyzed, including effects of chemical reaction with the surface and magnetic field inhomogeneities. Several mechanisms leading to frequency shifts in the maser are also analyzed, including cavity pulling and the Doppler effect.
Sustainable Recovery: The Self-Transformative Power of Storytelling in Alcoholics Anonymous

The present study builds on Robinson's (1979) research on Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the United Kingdom and his finding that storytelling was an important part of the recovery process in AA. We surveyed 178 members of AA in the United States and asked them how sharing their story of recovery with other alcoholics helped them stay sober. Thematic data analysis reveals storytelling impacts the storyteller in five primary ways: being reminded of a painful past, reinforcing one's recovery, losing the sense of terminal uniqueness, developing one's relationship with one's self, and helping others. Drawing on Fisher's narrative paradigm (1984) and Denzin's (1987a, 1987b) conceptualization of the role of self in the alcoholic's recovery, we argue the stories are a form of self-persuasion that help AA members sustain their sobriety. In recovery, alcoholics develop a better understanding of themselves, replace their alcoholic selves (Denzin, 1987a) with recovering selves (Denzin, 1987b), and begin to have a sense...
Assessing the Impact of a Multiyear Marriage Education Program

This study measured marital satisfaction of low-income couples in a Western state following participation in the Building Healthy Marriages program, which aimed to educate couples and increase rela...
Parametric and autoparametric vibrations of an elevated water tower, part I: Non-linear parametric response

The non-linear dynamic response of an elevated water tower subjected to a prescribed harmonic vertical motion of its base is examined. The mathematical model includes the interaction of one liquid sloshing mode with one structural mode. The Struble method of asymptotic expansion is used to determine the conditions of parametric resonance and the corresponding system responses. Under the condition of principal parametric resonance of the first normal mode the system response is found to possess the characteristics of hard non-linear systems. On the other hand, the response exhibits the characteristics of soft non-linear systems when the second normal mode is parametrically excited. The parametric normal mode interaction is found to take place under the combination parametric resonance of the summed type while it does not exist for the difference type. The absence of the system response at combination resonance of the difference type is mainly attributed to the fact that the linearized system is always parametrically stable at this condition.
Total electrical alternation in pericardial disease.

Simultaneous electrical alternation of atrial and ventricular components can occur in malignant and sometimes tuberculous pericardial disease and is due, apparently, to a rotary pendular movement of the heart at a rate that differs from the pulse. This oscillation occurs only during effusion with tamponade and clears with paracentesis. It is thought to be the result of unusual freedom or release from the normal pulmonary and thoracic restraints.
Biochemical indices of cholinergic and adrenergic autonomic innervation in dog heart: Disparate alterations in chronic right heart failure

Abstract Abnormal reflex sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate occurs in canine right heart failure. Therefore, we investigated the activities of enzymes catalyzing synthesis of acetylcholine (choline acetyltransferase) and norepinephrine (tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase) to assess possible mechanisms of altered parasympathetic and sympathetic function respectively in hearts of dogs with chronic (greater than 2 years) right heart failure produced by tricuspid avulsion and pulmonary artery constriction ( n = 7) and sham animals ( n = 7). In dogs with tricuspid avulsion and pulmonary artery constriction there was a reduction in sympathetic neuroenzymes in both the stressed right ventricle and non-stressed left ventricle without any alteration in the parasympathetic neuroenzymes in these regions. There were no detectable changes in any enzyme activities within the left atrium. In the right atrium, however, significant reductions occurred in both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurochemical indices in the region of the sinoatrial node. The variable pattern of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic changes in dogs with tricuspid avulsion and pulmonary artery constriction suggests the possbility of non-uniform alterations in autonomic neural control of the chronically diseased heart.
Unexpected Potentiation of Insulin Release by the Calcium Store Blocker TMB-8*

Insulin release from rat pancreatic islets, stimulated by cAMP, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, or forskolin, is potentiated by TMB-8 [8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate], a drug that blocks the efflux of calcium from intracellular calcium stores without affecting influx. There is a short latent period before the potentiation occurs which can be reduced by preincubation with the drug. TMB-8 alone neither stimulates nor inhibits insulin release. The results suggest that an intracellular store fills with calcium because of the blocked efflux and unchanged influx, and loses its ability to regulate the cytosol Ca++ concentration. Under basal conditions, in the presence or absence of TMB-8, the plasma membrane is able to regulate the cytosol Ca++ concentration at low levels so that no change in insulin release occurs. However, when 3-isobutyl-lmethylxanthine, cAMP, or forskolin add an additional Ca++ load to the cytosol, the regulator capacity of the plasma membrane is overwhelmed, and cytosol Ca+...
Structural Energetics of Two RNA-DNA Hybrids

Intrinsic transcription terminators in bacteria are specific signals encoded in the base sequence of the DNA template. A canonical intrinsic terminator consists of a GC-rich dyadic sequence, followed by a track of five or more adenines in the template strand. The formation of a hairpin structure by the GC-rich dyadic sequence in the RNA transcript, and the low stability of dA-rU base pairs in the transcription RNA-DNA hybrid are believed to be the major contributors to the termination of transcription at these sites. In the present work, we have investigated two RNA-DNA hybrids corresponding to the GC-rich dyadic sequence in the tR2 terminator of phage λ. The stability of individual base pairs in these RNA-DNA hybrids was characterized and compared from measurements of the exchange rates of imino protons using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The measurements also allowed determination of opening and closing rates for selected base pairs. The results indicate that a dA-rU base pair is destabilized relative to a dT-rA base pair in the same base sequence context. This destabilization is enhanced when two dA-rU base pairs are next to each other. The results also reveal that dG-rC base pairs have different stabilities from dC-rG base pairs. The magnitude of these differences depends on the base sequence context of the dG-rC/dC-rG base pairs, and on their proximity to dA-rU base pairs. (Supported by a grant from the NIH).
Optical control of reactions

The fundamental time scale of chemical reactions is set by the internal vibrations of the reacting molecules, which are incredibly fast — lasting a few 10–100 femtoseconds. So short laser pulses are needed to observe or control such reactions in real time. Since the development of the femtosecond laser, the active control of molecular dynamics has greatly advanced, for example when selecting the product of a branching reaction.
Simulation of the New England Sea Breeze: The Effect of Grid Spacing

Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (Penn State– NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) was run for seven cases from 2001 in which a sea breeze develops along the eastern New England coast. The results from model runs with 36-, 12-, and 4-km grid spacing are compared with observations as well as output from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta Model on a 40-km grid. As expected, analysis of the individual cases shows that the higher-resolution grids are able to resolve realistic details in the flow, details that the 36-km grids and the 40-km NCEP Eta Model miss entirely. Contrary to expectations, the error statistics show that the ability to forecast specific variables at specific locations does not improve very much when using higher resolution. Even more surprisingly, the 4-km grids produced the biggest errors in forecasting surface dewpoint.
Effects of dimethylsiloxane diluents on the optical properties of poly(dimethylsilmethylene) networks

Low molecular weight cyclic and linear molecules of highly flexible dimethylsiloxane (DMS) units [-Si(CH3)2O-] were used to swell elastomeric networks of poly(dimethylsilmethylene) [-Si(CH3)2CH2-]. Strain birefringence measurements in elongation at 10°C showed the birefringence to decrease regularly with increase in degree of polymerization of the DMS diluent, with three of the four diluents having the unusual effect of increasing the birefringence. Therefore, if correlative effects are the origin of the increase, they do not seem to require high geometric asymmetry in the diluent molecules.
Effect of glucose on jejunal water and solute absorption in the presence of glycodeoxycholate and oleate in man.

Jejunal perfusion studies were performed in 12 healthy volunteers to study the effects of 14 and 56 mM glucose on fluid secretion induced by 5 mM glycodeoxycholate or 7 mM oleate. Glucose enhanced water absorption under control conditions and reduced water secretion induced by glycodeoxycholate or oleate (P<0.01). As has been observed previously, glycodeoxycholate and oleate inhibited glucose absorption (P<0.001) and significant linear relationships existed between net water movement and glucose absorption. Glycodeoxycholate also reduced the absorption of 14 mM arabinose (P<0.05) and oleate reduced the absorption of 56 mM mannitol (P<0.05). Reduced solute absorption in the presence of glycodeoxycholate and oleate, therefore, cannot be attributed to an effect on active transport alone. The relationships between sodium transport and water absorption varied with the glucose concentration in the perfusion solutions. Similarly, the relationships between glucose absorption and sodium absorption varied with glucose concentration. The data suggest that a significant amount of glucose can be absorbed without concomitant absorption of sodium. The data indicate that glucose absorption can stimulate water absorption directly without the mediation of sodium and that water movement follows glucose at a rate which maintains isotonicity.
Physiological genomics: tools and concepts.

Physiological genomics is an emerging field that brings together the disciplines of genomics and cell, organ and whole animal systems integrative physiology in an effort to attach function to the DNA sequences of complex living systems. The term ‘genomics’ was coined in the early 1990s to describe the innovative high-throughput sequencing technologies and computational approaches that enabled the study of an organism's DNA in the full haploid set of chromosomes, rather than the study of a single gene or a family of functionally or structurally related genes. Thus the term ‘physiological genomics’ was applied to research that was directed toward an understanding of the relationship of genes to complex physiological functions.
Is security engineering really just good software engineering

These days, if you say that you are doing research in the area of computer security you instantly receive attention. Sadly, the same cannot be said of software engineering. But are the two areas really so different? Both seem to be concerned with issues that range from the finely technical to the broadly social and that force us to make difficult tradeoffs among cost, performance, quality, and usability. Both seem to require that we conduct our research in an interdisciplinary context. In the end we realize that fully solving the security problem for ever larger and more complex systems is as intractable as fully solving the traditional software engineering problem.In this talk I will attempt to relate the challenges of security engineering and software engineering, and will argue that security engineering is more of a software engineering problem than many people would like to admit.
Study of 24Mg(, p)35Mg with polarized deuterons ☆

Abstract Angular distributions of the vector analyzing power and the absolute cross section were measured for 24Mg( d , p)25Mg at nine energies between 10 and 12 MeV and energy averaged angular distributions were obtained. Excitation functions of the cross section from about 8 to 13 MeV were measured for the first five excited states in 25Mg at three backward scattering angles θlab = 105°, 138° and 160°. A statistical analysis of the observed fluctuations was employed to separate the direct and the compound nuclear contribution. These results allowed the absolute normalization of Hauser-Feshbach calculations and a quantitative estimate of compound nuclear effects on cross section and vector analyzing power. The energy averaged angular distributions of the first four stripping states in the residual nucleus are compared with DWBA calculations. The transition to 7 2 + state at Ex = 1.61 MeV is found to proceed almost entirely by a compound nuclear mechanism. Spins J, parities π and spectroscopic factors C2Sij of six higher excited states were determined.
Ultrasonic wave propagation in cancellous and cortical bone: prediction of some experimental results by Biot's theory.

Pulse transmission ultrasound was used to determine the longitudinal wave speed along the direction of trabecular alignment in 32 water‐saturated anisotropic tibial bovine cancellous bone samples and in one cortical bone sample also from the bovine tibia. These results are compared to published ultrasound wave‐speed data obtained from bovine femoral specimens. Nonlinear regression was used to fit Biot’s theory to the data. The correlation coefficient for regression analysis between the experimental ultrasound velocities and the velocities predicted by Biot’s theory was r=0.78.
Computation of eigenvalues for second-order differential equations using imbedding techniques

Abstract The invariant imbedding method is used to provide algorithms for numerically computing eigenvalues for the Schrodinger equation and other eigenvalue problems. For the sake of illustration, the Hermite and Bessel equations are studied regarding their eigenvalues and, in the Hermite case, the asymptotic behavior of the eigenfunctions. The most salient feature is that the algorithms provided have good computational behavior in dealing with notoriously unstable problems.
Specializations of intercellular junctions are associated with the presence and absence of hair cell regeneration in ears from six vertebrate classes.

Sensory hair cell losses lead to hearing and balance deficits that are permanent for mammals, but temporary for nonmammals because supporting cells in their ears give rise to replacement hair cells. In mice and humans, vestibular supporting cells grow exceptionally large circumferential F-actin belts and their junctions express E-cadherin in patterns that strongly correlate with postnatal declines in regeneration capacity. In contrast, chicken supporting cells retain thin F-actin belts throughout life and express little E-cadherin. To determine whether the junctions in chicken ears might be representative of other ears that also regenerate hair cells, we investigated inner ears from dogfish sharks, zebrafish, bullfrogs, Xenopus, turtles, and the lizard, Anolis. As in chickens, the supporting cells in adult zebrafish, Xenopus, and turtle ears retained thin circumferential F-actin belts and expressed little E-cadherin. Supporting cells in adult sharks and bullfrogs also retained thin belts, but were not tested for E-cadherin. Supporting cells in adult Anolis exhibited wide, but porous webs of F-actin and strong E-cadherin expression. Anolis supporting cells also showed some cell cycle reentry when cultured. The results reveal that the association between thin F-actin belts and low E-cadherin is shared by supporting cells in anamniotes, turtles, and birds, which all can regenerate hair cells. Divergent junctional specializations in supporting cells appear to have arisen independently in Anolis and mammals. The presence of webs of F-actin at the junctions in Anolis appears compatible with supporting cell proliferation, but the solid reinforcement of the F-actin belts in mammals is associated with its absence. J. Comp. Neurol., 521:1430–1448, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelet concentrate collection in a dual-stage channel using computer-generated algorithms for collection and prediction of yield

The automated collection of single-donor platelet concentrates is described for a dual-stage channel mounted in a continuous-flow cell separation system (Spectra). Research objectives included collection of a predicted yield of leukocyte-and erythrocyte-poor platelet concentrates using computer-controlled flow rates of anticoagulated whole blood and its separated components (packed erythrocytes, platelet-poor plasma, and platelet concentrates). To achieve these objectives, mathematic algorithms were generated that integrated the known major biologic and procedural contributions to platelet harvesting with the design characteristics of the channel in which blood was to be processed. Data to compute these algorithms are entered into the computer prior to the collection procedure. It was perceived that the ability to predict platelet yield would provide a tool for collecting specific cell quantities for transfusion for a given recipient. A theoretical immunologic benefit to patients receiving lymphocyte-poor platelet concentrates is postulated but remains to be established. An additional objective was that of flexibility so that the predicted yield could be collected based on either volume requirements (for pediatric patients or patients with volume restrictions) or platelet concentration requirements (for storage). The following data summarize the results of some 100 research procedures conducted with this system.
Multiplexed fiber optic strain sensor system

ABSTRACT This paper presents a multimode fiber optic sensor system suitable for large smart structures. Bymany observations of speckle patterns from different multimode fibers, it seems that each speckle pattern has its own signature and uniquely defining its fiber. This prompted us to superimpose (multiplexed) the speckle patterns generated by two different fibers, and detect the resultant pattern.A two-stage feature extraction algorithm is then applied on the image, which reduces the dimensionof the pattern vector. Next, a backpropagation neural network with single hidden layer is trained inmapping the feature vectors to the stress applied on each fibers. Series of experiments are conducted on two fiber sensors glued on a square shape plate under different point loads. The sensors successfully estimated that which fiber was under stress with light or heavy weight.Keywords: Strain sensors, multimode fibers, speckle pattern, neural networks, smart structures. 1. INTRODUCTION Observation of the output intensity pattern of a multimode optical fiber under physical disturbances
Computation of supersonic flow fields about bodies in coning motion using a shock-capturing finite-difference technique.

A numerical method for computing the nonlinear inviscid flow field surrounding a body performing coning motion is described. The method permits accurate computation of the aerodynamic moment due to one of the four motions characterizing an arbitrary nonplanar motion. Results of computations for a slender circular cone in coning motion are presented, and show good agreement with experiment for angles of attack up to twice the cone half angle. The computational results display significant departure of the side moment from the linear theory value with increasing angle of attack, but agree well with experimental measurements. This indicates that the initial nonlinear behavior of the aerodynamic moment is determined primarily by the inviscid flow.
A heuristic algorithm for group scheduling

Abstract Group technology is a rapidly developing productivity improvement tool that can have a significant impact on the development of totally integrated manufacturing facilities and flexible manufacturing systems. Production scheduling associated with group technology is called “Group Scheduling”. There are many heuristic algorithms developed for general job shop applications based on unrealistic hypothesis, complicated computations etc., which are not addressed to group scheduling. In this paper, from the existing algorithms for group scheduling, a heuristic algorithm has been developed and programmed for computer/microcomputer applications. The developed algorithm has been used to determine the optimal group and the optimal job sequence for a batch type production process with functional layout. The developed algorithm is far simpler and easier to compute, compared to the other similar heuristic algorithms and certainly in comparison to other optimization methods such as branch and bound method.
CTCF Occupation of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Genome Is Disrupted at Early Times Postreactivation in a Transcription-Dependent Manner

In herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), binding clusters enriched in CTCF during latency have been previously identified. We hypothesized that CTCF binding to CTCF clusters in HSV-1 would be disrupted in a reactivation event. To investigate, CTCF occupation of three CTCF binding clusters in HSV-1 was analyzed following sodium butyrate (NaB)- and explant-induced reactivation in the mouse. Our data show that the CTCF domains positioned within the HSV-1 genome, specifically around the latency-associated transcript (LAT) and ICP0 and ICP4 regions of the genome, lose CTCF occupancy following the application of reactivation stimuli in wild-type virus. We also found that CTCF binding clusters upstream of the ICP0 and ICP4 promoters both function as classical insulators capable of acting as enhancer blockers of the LAT enhancer. Finally, our results suggest that CTCF occupation of domains in HSV-1 may be differentially regulated both during latency and at early times following reactivation by the presence of lytic transcripts and further implicate epigenetic regulation of HSV-1 as a critical component of the latency-reactivation transition.
Un-united medial epicondyle of the humerus: radiographic prevalence and association with elbow osteoarthritis in a cohort of labrador retrievers.

Objective— To longitudinally characterize the radiographic appearance of un-united medial epicondyle (UME) of the humerus, evaluate UME association with osteoarthritis (OA) and consider its relevance to the elbow dysplasia complex. Study Design— Longitudinal cohort study. Animals— Labrador retrievers (n=48) from 7 litters. Methods— Forty-eight same-sex littermates were paired for this lifetime feeding study. One of each pair was control-fed; the pair mate was fed 25% less than the control each day. Elbows of 46 surviving dogs were radiographed at ages 6 and 8 years, and/or at end-of-life (EOL). Elbow histopathology was done EOL, although UME lesions were not evaluated histologically. Results— Seven dogs (15%) had UME, representing 5 litters; 4 were control-fed, 3 diet-restricted. Six (86%) dogs had unilateral lesions; 1 was bilateral. UME was evident on craniocaudal (CrCd) radiographic projections by 8 years in all dogs. UME was detected in only 1 elbow by mediolateral radiographic projection. Elbow OA frequency in UME affected dogs was not significantly different from the remaining study population. Histopathologic lesions were bilateral in dogs with unilateral UME. Conclusions— UME may be more common than previously thought. Most cases were unilateral and diet restriction had no effect on frequency. The CrCd view was critical for diagnosis. Elbow OA was not directly associated with UME. Clinical Relevance— Infrequent diagnosis of UME could result from infrequent radiography and use of only the flexed lateral radiographic projection required by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals for elbow screening. Like hip evaluations, screening for UME should be continued for life, until genetics are better understood. Lack of association between UME and elbow OA suggests that UME is not likely a component of elbow dysplasia.
Caspase Cleavage of Keratin 18 and Reorganization of Intermediate Filaments during Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

Keratins 8 (K8) and 18 (K18) are major components of intermediate filaments (IFs) of simple epithelial cells and tumors derived from such cells. Structural cell changes during apoptosis are mediated by proteases of the caspase family. During apoptosis, K18 IFs reorganize into granular structures enriched for K18 phosphorylated on serine 53. K18, but not K8, generates a proteolytic fragment during drug- and UV light–induced apoptosis; this fragment comigrates with K18 cleaved in vitro by caspase-6, -3, and -7. K18 is cleaved by caspase-6 into NH2-terminal, 26-kD and COOH-terminal, 22-kD fragments; caspase-3 and -7 additionally cleave the 22-kD fragment into a 19-kD fragment. The cleavage site common for the three caspases was the sequence VEVD/A, located in the conserved L1-2 linker region of K18. The additional site for caspases-3 and -7 that is not cleaved efficiently by caspase-6 is located in the COOH-terminal tail domain of K18. Expression of K18 with alanine instead of serine at position 53 demonstrated that cleavage during apoptosis does not require phosphorylation of serine 53. However, K18 with a glutamate instead of aspartate at position 238 was resistant to proteolysis during apoptosis. Furthermore, this cleavage site mutant appears to cause keratin filament reorganization in stably transfected clones. The identification of the L1-2 caspase cleavage site, and the conservation of the same or very similar sites in multiple other intermediate filament proteins, suggests that the processing of IFs during apoptosis may be initiated by a similar caspase cleavage.
Elbow Tendinopathy and Tendon Ruptures: Epicondylitis, Biceps and Triceps Ruptures

Lateral and medial epicondylitis are common causes of elbow pain in the general population, with the lateral variety being more common than the medial by a ratio reportedly ranging from 4:1 to 7:1. Initially thought to be an inflammatory condition, epicondylitis has ultimately been shown to result from tendinous microtearing followed by an incomplete reparative response. Numerous nonoperative and operative treatment options have been employed in the treatment of epicondylitis, without the emergence of a single, consistent, universally accepted treatment protocol. Tendon ruptures about the elbow are much less frequent, but result in more significant disability and loss of function. Distal biceps tendon ruptures typically occur in middle-aged males as a result of an event that causes a sudden, eccentric contraction of the biceps. Triceps tendon ruptures are exceedingly rare but usually have a similar etiology with a forceful eccentric contraction of the triceps that causes avulsion of the tendon from the olecranon. The diagnosis of these injuries is not always readily made. Complete ruptures of the biceps or triceps tendons have traditionally been treated surgically with good results. With regard to biceps ruptures, there continues to be debate about the best surgical approach, as well as the best method of fixation of tendon to bone. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive review of the broad topics of elbow tendinopathy and tendon ruptures, but rather is a review of recently published information on the topics that will assist the clinician in diagnosis and management of these conditions.
Regulatory elements associated with paternally-expressed genes in the imprinted murine Angelman/Prader-Willi syndrome domain

The Angelman/Prader-Willi syndrome (AS/PWS) domain contains at least 8 imprinted genes regulated by a bipartite imprinting center (IC) associated with the SNRPN gene. One component of the IC, the PWS-IC, governs the paternal epigenotype and expression of paternal genes. The mechanisms by which imprinting and expression of paternal genes within the AS/PWS domain – such as MKRN3 and NDN – are regulated by the PWS-IC are unclear. The syntenic region in the mouse is organized and imprinted similarly to the human domain with the murine PWS-IC defined by a 6 kb interval within the Snrpn locus that includes the promoter. To identify regulatory elements that may mediate PWS-IC function, we mapped the location and allele-specificity of DNase I hypersensitive (DH) sites within the PWS-IC in brain cells, then identified transcription factor binding sites within a subset of these DH sites. Six major paternal-specific DH sites were detected in the Snrpn gene, five of which map within the 6 kb PWS-IC. We postulate these five DH sites represent functional components of the murine PWS-IC. Analysis of transcription factor binding within multiple DH sites detected nuclear respiratory factors (NRF's) and YY1 specifically on the paternal allele. NRF's and YY1 were also detected in the paternal promoter region of the murine Mrkn3 and Ndn genes. These results suggest that NRF's and YY1 may facilitate PWS-IC function and coordinately regulate expression of paternal genes. The presence of NRF's also suggests a link between transcriptional regulation within the AS/PWS domain and regulation of respiration. 3C analyses indicated Mkrn3 lies in close proximity to the PWS-IC on the paternal chromosome, evidence that the PWS-IC functions by allele-specific interaction with its distal target genes. This could occur by allele-specific co-localization of the PWS-IC and its target genes to transcription factories containing NRF's and YY1.
Broadband surface emitting multilayers for visible lasers and wavelength division demultiplexers

Nonperiodic modifications in the position and refractive index values of the multilayer are shown to yield large enhancements over the complete visible spectrum instead of at a single wavelength. A demonstration of large bandwidth WDM demultiplexers and spectrometers is presented.
One hundred years of excellence in business education: What have we learned?

Abstract The quality of the next generation of business leaders will be determined by the ways in which business schools respond to a host of dramatic changes emerging in the environment of higher education. While specific initiatives will vary widely, one thing seems certain: business schools will need to be more nimble, more innovative, and more efficient than ever before. The Kelley School of Business, Indiana University has consistently been at the forefront of business education. Over the past century, the School has developed a set of capabilities that has enabled it to capitalize on the forces that have shaped the evolution of business education. In this article, we review several significant trends affecting the future of business education and share the success principles that we believe are most applicable to thriving in the new world that is on our doorstep.
Developing Adiabatic Two Phase Flow in Headers

Heat exchangers with microchannels (hydraulic diameter less than 1mm) are attracting significant attention lately. Performance of these heat exchangers, evaporators mostly, are greatly affected by imperfect distribution of a two-phase fluid to each channel. This paper presents overview of the issue, shows basic option to evenly distribute single and two-phase fluid, and methods to determine maldistribution. Special attention is given to describing two-phase regimes in an adiabatic horizontal header with R134a as a fluid, describing a two-phase map with area of good distribution.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Nanostructured electrodes for high-power lithium ion batteries

Abstract Lithium ion batteries are popular for use in portable applications owing to their high energy density. However, with an increasing interest in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles over the past few years, stemming from an urgent need to migrate to green technologies, the focus has shifted to enhancing power densities in Lithium ion batteries. In this review article we focus on some of the recent achievements of the academic and industrial community in boosting the power densities of Lithium ion batteries through the development of novel nanostructured anode and cathode architectures.
Deposition and Characterization of Metal/polyaniline Bi-layers

In this study bi-layers of metal/polyaniline (PAni) films were deposited and characterized in order to investigate the interaction of thin film metals with doped and de-doped PAni. The bilayers were fabricated by depositing PAni films on flat substrates via solution chemistry and then depositing metallic films by physical vapor deposition. The oxidation state of the PAni was varied from the doped emeraldine salt to a de-doped emeraldine base to a de-doped and fully reduced leucoemeraldine base. Aluminum and iron thin films were then magnetron sputter deposited onto the PAni films to form bi-layer structures. Characterization of the fabricated bi-layers by scanning electron microscopy, current-voltage measurements, and Auger electron spectroscopy was done to investigate the morphology, electrical properties and chemical composition of the samples. Results from the study indicate that the type of metal and the doping level of the PAni influence the interactions and properties of metal/PAni interfaces and films.
Ga assisted in situ etching of AlGaInAs and InGaAsP multi quantum well structures using tertiarybutylchloride

This thesis investigates different material systems and processing technology for high temperature compatible laser diodes used in volume applications within the 1.3-μm telecom wavelength window. Laser diodes built from such materials are much desired in order to eleminate the need for active temperature control needed in current systems, which significantly increases both complexity, size and cost. The structures were grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) and the evaluation of materials was performed using different characterization methods such as High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HR-XRD), Photoluminescence (PL), Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TR-PL). Fabrication and evaluation of Fabry-Perot lasers with different geometries was used to check the material quality and temperature performance. A novel in-situ etching technique was developed for the use i future more advanced, buried hetrostructure lasers. The first studied materials system was AlGaInAsP/InGaAsP/InP. To handle a 5-element material with the precision required, modelling of the materials and heterostructure properties was performed. The addition of Al to the InGaAsP barrier allows better electron confinement with little change in valence band properties. The optimum aluminium content was found to be about 12%. Although the effect of Al could be identified, it was not sufficient with T0 of only 90 K only up to 60 °C. A second materials system InGaP/InAsP/ InP initially looked quite promising from a materials and quantum well design point of view but encountered severe problems with the device integration and further work was discontinued. The main effort was therefore was devoted to a third materials system: AlGaInAs/AlGaInAs/InP. This material system is not unknown but has hitherto not found a widespread application for fibre optic applications. In this work, the MOCVD growth of 1.3 μ;m quantum well laser structures was optimized and ridge waveguide laser devices with excellent temperature performance was fabricated (T0 = 97 K at 85 °C). A ridge waveguide laser was identified as suitable structure since it requires only a single epitaxial growth, thus avoiding the main problem of oxidation of Al based buried structures. The dynamic performance was excellent up to 110 °C and the device fabrication is highly reliable (lifetime >7000 h). This high yield uncooled ridge Fabry-Perot laser process has now been transferred to production and is applied in short length 10 Gb/s multimode links. In order to further improve the usefulness of the Al-containing materials in even higher performance devices needed in future applications developments towards fully buried heterostructure device geometry were also pursued. To overcome difficulty of oxidation of Al containing layers at the mesa walls an in-situ etching technique was implemented. Different chemistry approaches were investigated and the first results of lasers devices were reported.