cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing the effects of adolescent alcohol use on adult conflict-related theta dynamics.

Abstract Objective Adolescent alcohol use (AAU) is associated with brain anomalies, but less is known about long-term neurocognitive effects. Despite theoretical models linking AAU to diminished cognitive control, empirical work testing this relationship with specific cognitive control neural correlates (e.g., prefrontal theta-band EEG dynamics) remains scarce. A longitudinal twin design was used to test the hypothesis that greater AAU is associated with reduced conflict-related EEG theta-band dynamics in adulthood, and to examine the genetic/environmental etiology of this association. Methods In a large ( N = 718) population-based prospective twin sample, AAU was assessed at ages 11/14/17. Twins completed a flanker task at age 29 to elicit EEG theta-band medial frontal cortex (MFC) power and medial–dorsal prefrontal cortex (MFC-dPFC) connectivity. Two complementary analytic methods (cotwin control analysis; biometric modeling) were used to disentangle the genetic/shared environmental risk towards AAU from possible alcohol exposure effects on theta dynamics. Results AAU was negatively associated with adult cognitive control-related theta-band MFC power and MFC-dPFC functional connectivity. Genetic influences primarily underlie these associations. Conclusions Findings provide strong evidence that genetic factors underlie the comorbidity between AAU and diminished cognitive control-related theta dynamics in adulthood. Significance Conflict-related theta-band dynamics appear to be candidate brain-based endophenotypes/mechanisms for AAU.
Establishing the Importance of the Unit

This chapter, using data from Session 3 of the intervention, focuses on the students’ initial reasoning when comparing fractions. The investigation begins with a context about sharing candy bars presented as a real-life dilemma by Researcher Carolyn Maher. The discussion posed the question of equity when sharing different-sized candy bars.
Resection of the Mid Common Bile Duct

True mid bile duct tumors are very rare. Most patients with mid bile duct obstruction should be considered to have gallbladder cancer until proven otherwise. Mid bile duct resections are usually performed for the rare mid duct cholangiocarcinomas or for patients with early gallbladder cancer and tumor at the cystic duct margin.
Lithiation of multilayer Ni/NiO electrodes: criticality of nickel layer thicknesses on conversion reaction kinetics

X-ray reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the morphological changes in thin film electrodes with alternating Ni and NiO layers during lithiation as a function of the Ni buffer layer thickness. Complete lithiation of the active NiO layers occurs only when the thickness of the Ni/NiO bilayers are less than 75 A – a threshold value that is determined by the sum of the Ni quantity in the Ni/NiO bilayer of the multilayer stack. Thicker Ni/NiO bilayers present a kinetic barrier for lithium ion diffusion inside the stack resulting in partial lithiation of the multilayer electrodes in which only the top NiO layer lithiates. Lithiation of NiO layers in a multilayer stack also leads to an interface-specific reaction that is observed to increase the thicknesses of adjacent Ni layers by 3–4 A and is associated with the formation of a low-density Li2O layer, corresponding to an interfacially-driven phase separation of the NiO. Rate dependent cyclic voltammetry studies reveal a linear relation between the peak current and scan rate suggesting that the lithiation kinetics are controlled by charge transfer resistance at the liquid–solid interface.
Mental Health Initiatives for the Eighties

I am delighted to have this opportunity to be here and to participate in this splendid 1979 World Congress on Mental Health. In a world shrunk by modern communications and mutual concerns, it becomes increasingly important that we who work in the mental health field in all areas of the world come together to pool our knowledge and, equally importantly, to share our perspectives. In doing so, we benefit ourselves, our programs, and the individuals that each of us serve.
Minority youth’s mastery of academic vocabulary and its implications for their educational achievements: the case of ‘multicultural adolescents’ in South Korea

As a way to examine the validity of deficit perspectives on multicultural children in South Korea—namely, children of mixed parentage who are said to suffer from speech problems and school failure,...
National Evidence of the Impact of First-Year Online Enrollment on Postsecondary Students' Long-Term Academic Outcomes.

This study examines the influence of first-year online enrollment on the long-term academic outcomes of postsecondary students. Using a nationally representative sample and propensity score weighting, I find that enrolling in some online courses is associated with lower odds of dropping out of college. Additional results reveal a positive relationship between enrolling in some online courses and sub-baccalaureate indicators of long-term academic success, such as earning an associate’s degree and transferring from a community college to a 4-year institution.
How well can an ensemble predict the uncertainty in the location of winter storm precipitation

A pair of morphing-based ensemble forecast diagnostics is proposed for the verification of the location of precipitation events. The diagnostics are applied to operational global ensemble forecasts...
Maternal Referencing in Normal and Down’s Syndrome Infants

Researchers interested in the developing mother—infant relationship have observed that beginning in early infancy there is already a complex nonverbal communication system (Bowlby, 1969; Brazelton, Koslowski, & Main, 1974; Stern, 1977). We agree with Darwin (1872) that a critical aspect of this “first language of infancy” is that emotional signals are reciprocally exchanged between mother and infant.
Anti-deSitter Space and Confinement

AdS/CFT, also known as the Maldacena conjecture, deserves a book in itself. The initials refer to an equivalence (“duality”) between Type II superstrings propagating in a ten-dimensional background space, which is a product of anti-deSitter space (AdS) and some other manifold, with a conformal field theory (CFT). This duality, and its extension (AdS/QCD) to non-conformal, confining gauge theories, is one of the most important results obtained in the modern (i.e. post-1984) era of string theory, and the literature on this topic is vast. Unfortunately, the subject does require a substantial background in superstring theory and conformal field theory, both of which are beyond the scope of this book. Nevertheless, because of the great potential importance of AdS/CFT and AdS/QCD to non-abelian gauge theory and the confinement problem, this chapter aims to provide an inkling of the general idea, together with a sample calculation of Wilson loops via the AdS/CFT approach. The interested reader may wish to consult some of the recent texts on string theory, e.g. [1, 2, 3], or specialized review articles [4, 5, 6], for a deeper exposition of the subject.
Mathematical Classification and Clustering: From How to What and Why

Although some clustering techniques are well known and widely used, their theoretical foundations are still unclear. We consider an approach, approximation clustering, as a unifying framework for making theoretical foundations to some popular techniques. The questions of interrelation of the models with each other and with some other methods (especially in contingency and spatial data analyses) are also discussed.
Cis-trans Isomerism and Provitamin A Effect of Carotenoids

The chemical and biological relationships between carotene and vitamin A have been established by the classical investigations of Steenbock (412), Moore (320), Euler (111), Karrer (112), and others. It is now well known that β-carotene whose molecules contain two unsubstituted β-ionone rings is partially converted in the body into vitamin A, according to the schematic expression, C40H56 → C20H29OH. Several other naturally occurring carotenoids such as α-carotene, γ-carotene, and cryptoxanthin undergo analogous cleavage but in these instances only one half of each molecule may theoretically yield the bio- active substance. Although the postulate that at least one unsubstituted β-ionone ring must be present in provitamins A has been rather generally accepted, there are some exceptions. For example, 2,2′-dimethyl-β-carotene is effective in the rat to the extent of one half of the β-carotene potency [Eugster, Trivedi and Karrer (110)].
A mixed-method analysis of the role of online communication attitudes in the relationship between self-monitoring and emerging adult text intensity

Abstract Text messaging is increasingly central in the lives of emerging adults in the United States, yet compulsive texting is related to poor grades, lack of school bonding, and lower perceived scholastic competence. This mixed-method study aimed to discover whether online communication attitudes (OCA) mediate the relationship between self-monitoring, the trait-like propensity for awareness and adaptation to social situations, and text intensity, a behavioral indicator of the centrality of texting in one's life. A mediation model was tested utilizing survey data from 414 college students from the Midwestern and Western U.S. At the zero-order level, all five OCA were associated with text-intensity. In the mediational model, high self-monitoring was associated with less text intensity, except when participants endorsed attitudes that texting facilitates social connection and they did not feel apprehensive about texting. The indirect effect of self-monitoring on text intensity through those attitudes was positive. Theoretical implications for technologically mediated communication (TMC) scholarship and the impression management model (IMM) are discussed.
Calculation of the Scale Factor for Inference of Pressurized Water Reactor Core Barrel Motion from Neutron Noise Spectral Density

To quantify the core barrel motion in a typical pressurized water reactor, a scale factor was calculated for both one- and two-dimensional geometries, using forward, variational, and perturbation m...
Further Extension of the Orthophoto Technique

Stressing basic differences between a conventional map and an orthophoto map, the author advances further concepts in the development of the orthophoto technique. The automatic indication of contou...
User Requirement Analysis for Smart Voice Technology for Older Adults with Visual Impairments

Although many users adopt voice-enabled technology today, there is lack of understanding on voice technology designs suitable for older adults with visual impairments. This study aims at investigat...
Understanding the Impacts of Caregiver Stress.

Purpose/objectives Identifying risk factors associated with caregiver stress and suggesting methods for systematic caregiver screening for caregiver strain, depression, and anxiety. Primary practice setting Emergency department, primary care, and other health care settings. Findings/conclusions Caregiver stress can lead to multiple negative outcomes including declines in physical health, increased mental health concerns, and overall decreased quality of life. Caregiver stress also leads to increased financial costs to the person, family, and health care systems, making it a public health issue. Recognizing caregiver stress is the initial step to identifying those in need of support and to providing quality care. Fortunately, caregiver stress can be prevented or reduced using a culturally competent multidimensional approach to addressing social determinants of health and unmet physical, psychological, and social/emotional needs of caregivers. Implications for case management Case management plays a critical role in assessing, educating, advocating, creating care plans, and advocating for both the caregiver and the care recipient.
Evaluating practioners' preferences regarding vascular emergency access in newborn infants in the delivery room: a national survey

Venous access during neonatal emergencies in the delivery room (DR) can be accomplished through an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) or an intraosseous (IO) access. Preference of one over the other is unclear. We wanted to evaluate practioners’ views. An anonymous online questionnaire was circulated to healthcare professionals with different background and experience, all working in neonatal intensive care units in Germany. The web-based survey consisted of 13 questions and data collection was performed using an online tool. We received 502 completed questionnaires, 152 (30%) were from neonatologists, the remainder from residents, fellows and neonatal nurses. For resuscitation of term newborns in the DR 61% of neonatologists vs. 53% of non-neonatologists were in favour of UVC instead of an IO as an emergency access. UVC placement was rated (very) difficult to impossible by 60% of neonatologists and 90% of non-neonatologists (p < 0.05). All respondents cited lack of experience as the main reason for feeling reluctant to place an UVC or IO access, the latter only being taken into consideration in term infants. UVC placement in the DR is rated more often difficult to use by non-neonatologists than by neonatologists, apparently related to lack of experience. IO access was only considered for resuscitating term infants due to lacking practice and missing approval for birth weights < 3000 g. Frequent training might improve these clinical skills.
Preliminary Analysis of Racial Disparities in Georgia (US) COVID-19 Deaths

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has brought to the forefront racial disparities in health outcomes across the US, but there is limited formal anal
Looking Ahead and Lessons Learned: The Prospect of Continual Adaptation

This closing chapter returns to topics raised in the introductory chapter, about what adaptive management means – not only in concept but in practice. Chino Basin faces a future of continual adaptation, as everything from water use efficiency to treatment technologies to climate change and more continue to develop in ways that require adaptive response. The experiences of Chino Basin are reviewed with this aim in mind. Managing adaptively also means placing a premium on learning, which is an aspect of resource management that has been exemplified in Chino Basin. The Chino Basin case shows that much can be gained through adaptive management, but it requires a sustained commitment which is not easy to maintain. This chapter includes an assessment of the ways in which groundwater management in Chino Basin has been a success story despite the difficult passages and multiple conflicts through which the basin and its users have journeyed along the way.
Ultrasound-Guided Retroclavicular Approach to the Infraclavicular Region (RAPTIR) Anesthesia for Challenging Upper Extremity Reductions.

Abstract Background Upper-extremity injuries are frequently seen in the emergency department (ED), yet traditional analgesic methods are often ineffective (e.g., hematoma blocks) or associated with prolonged ED duration and nontrivial risk (e.g., procedural sedation). Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia of the infraclavicular brachial plexus offers dense anesthesia of the distal upper extremity. The Retroclavicular Approach to The Infraclavicular Region (RAPTIR) is an ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block that has only recently been described in both anesthesia and emergency literature. Case Report We report use of the RAPTIR block in an elderly patient with a subacute angulated distal radius fracture that would otherwise require surgical management. The patient presented 11 days post injury and had no hematoma to block, and her age made her high risk for procedural sedation or operative management. Using the RAPTIR block, ED providers achieved dense anesthesia of her arm, allowing for appropriate reduction of a displaced fracture 11 days after injury. The patient followed with orthopedic surgery, never required additional manipulation, and had full return to activities of daily living. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? In this case, the RAPTIR block safely and effectively anesthetized the distal upper extremity. This block provides clear visualization of neck and thoracic structures and has a simpler technique than traditional inferior brachial plexus blocks. It achieves dense anesthesia to allow for complex or repeat reduction attempts without the need for procedural sedation, opiates, or an operative setting. Our report details this patient, the RAPTIR technique, and the state of the current literature.
Safety of Propofol When Used for Rapid Sequence Intubation in Septic Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study:

Purpose:Septic patients are at risk for hypotension, and this risk may increase during rapid sequence intubation (RSI). Sedatives such as propofol must be used carefully due to its ability to reduc...
Culturally Relevant Health Education: A Foundation for Building Cultural Competence of Health Professionals

Background: Professionals educating ethnic minority populations should employ a cultural focus during development, training, refinement and implementation stages of an intervention. Purpose: This manuscript posits that the skill of developing a culturally relevant curriculum supports the increase of cultural competence proficiency of professionals, while promoting health equity. Methods: A community-based participatory research-trained staff, recruited 378 families with 2 to 8-year-old children. Eight intergenerational focus groups were conducted at neighborhood facilities. Graduate fellows conducted reviews of literature and health directives to conceptualize the curriculum. Spanish-speaking students and promotoras (community health workers) having participants’ confidence, presented healthy lifestyle information and taught practical skills to each group of 12-16 low-income Latino families from Long Beach, CA. With attention to participants’ preferred language, educational level, cultural beliefs, practices and food preferences, the intervention demonstrates a culturally relevant curriculum. Hands-on activities and motivational interviewing questions enriched the 4-hour intervention delivered in Spanish. Results: Graduate fellows’ cultural competence increased. More than 97% of participants reported sessions beneficial to their families’ health with 84% attending all sessions/assessments. Participants found the content easy to understand and helpful to eat healthier and be more active. Conclusion: Sanos y Fuertes is a model for developing a culturally relevant, family-based healthy lifestyle educational curriculum and building culturally competent health professionals.
Characterization of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in wandering stage larvae of Drosophilamelanogaster: Evidence for mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent systems

Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, the enzyme system that hydroxylates ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone, was characterized in wandering stage larvae of Drosophila melanogaster using an in vitro radioassay in conjunction with analytical thin layer chromatography. 20-Hydroxyecdysone was confirmed to be the product of the enzyme radioassay system by high pressure liquid chromatography. The 20-monooxygenase was found to be most active in a 0.10 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, was inhibited by Ca2+, Mg2+ and Se4+ and exhibited a temperature optimum at 35°C. Differential centrifugation, sucrose step gradient centrifugation, electron microscopy and organelle-marker enzyme analysis revealed that ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity is associated with both the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Substrate kinetics experiments indicated that the mitochondrial and microsomal monooxygenase systems exhibit apparent Kms for ecdysone of 6.4 × 10−8 and 9.9 × 10−8 M, respectively, with apparent Vmaxs of 4.1 and 10.2 pg 20-hydroxyecdysone formed/min per mg tissue equiv., respectively. Both monooxygenase systems were inhibited by their product 20-hydroxyecdysone. The cytochrome P-450 nature of these insect steroid hydoxylases was initially suggested by their requirement for NADPH, NADH was approximately half as effective in supporting the mitochrondrial monooxygenase activity. In addition, both monooxygenase systems were inhibited by carbon monoxide, ellipticine, p-chloromercuribenzoate, metyrapone and p-aminoglutethimide but not by cyanide. Photochemical action spectra of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity confirmed the cytochrome P-450 dependency of both the mitochondrial and microsomal ecdysone 20-hydroxylase systems.
Leveraging the Open Provenance Model as a Multi-tier Model for Global Climate Research

Global climate researchers rely upon many forms of sensor data and analytical methods to help profile subtle changes in climate conditions. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program provides researchers with a collection of curated Value Added Products (VAPs) resulting from continuous sensor data streams, data fusion, and modeling. We are leveraging the Open Provenance Model as a foundational construct that serves the needs of both the VAP producers and consumers. We are organizing the provenance in different tiers of granularity to model VAP lineage, causality at the component level within a VAP, and the causality for each time step as samples are being assembled within the VAP. This paper shares our implementation strategy and how the ARM operations staff and the climate research community can greatly benefit from this approach to more effectively assess and quantify VAP provenance.
Clinical characteristics of emergency department heart failure patients initially diagnosed as non-heart failure.

Since previous studies suggest the emergency department (ED) misdiagnosis rate of heart failure is 10–20% we sought to describe the characteristics of ED patients misdiagnosed as non-decompensated heart failure in the ED. We analyzed a prospective convenience sample of 439 patients at 4 emergency departments who presented with signs or symptoms of decompensated heart failure. Patients with a cardiology criterion standard diagnosis of decompensated heart failure and an ED diagnosis of decompensated heart failure were compared to patients with a criterion standard of decompensated heart failure but no ED diagnosis of decompensated heart failure. Two senior cardiology fellows retrospectively determined the patient's heart failure status during their acute ED presentation. The Mann-Whitney u-test for two groups, the Kruskall-Wallis test for multiple groups, or Chi-square tests, were used as appropriate. There were 173 (39.4%) patients with a criterion standard diagnosis of decompensated heart failure. Among those with this criterion standard diagnosis of decompensated heart failure, discordant patients without an ED diagnosis of decompensated heart failure (n = 58) were more likely to have a history of COPD (p = 0.017), less likely to have a previous history of heart failure (p = 0.014), and less likely to have an elevated b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (median 518 vs 764 pg/ml; p = 0.038) than those who were given a concordant ED diagnosis of decompensated heart failure. BNP levels were higher in those with a criterion standard diagnosis of decompensated heart failure than in those without a criterion standard diagnosis (median 657 vs 62.7 pg/ml). However, 34.6% of patients with decompensated heart failure had BNP levels in the normal (<100 pg/ml; 6.1%) or indeterminate range (100–500 pg/ml; 28.5%). We found the ED diagnoses of decompensated heart failure to be discordant with the criterion standard in 14.3% of patients, the vast majority of which were due to a failure to diagnose heart failure when it was present. Patients with a previous history of COPD, without a previous history of heart failure and with lower BNP levels were more likely to have an ED misdiagnosis of non-decompensated heart failure. Readily available, accurate, objective ED tests are needed to improve the early diagnosis of decompensated heart failure in ED patients.
A text corpora-based estimation of the familiarity of health terminology

In a pilot effort to improve health communication we created a method for measuring the familiarity of various medical terms. To obtain term familiarity data, we recruited 21 volunteers who agreed to take medical terminology quizzes containing 68 terms. We then created predictive models for familiarity based on term occurrence in text corpora and reader's demographics. Although the sample size was small, our preliminary results indicate that predicting the familiarity of medical terms based on an analysis of the frequency in text corpora is feasible. Further, individualized familiarity assessment is feasible when demographic features are included as predictors.
α-Galactosylceramide stimulates splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and increases antibody production in vivo in the late neonatal-age mouse. (VAC12P.1028)

The neonatal stage is characterized by weak responses to various infections and vaccines; thus the development of efficient formulas to improve vaccine effectiveness is of high priority. The glycolipid alpha galactosylceramide (αGalCer) is known as a potent immune modulator mainly due to NKT cell activation. Using a mouse tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization model, we observed that neonatal mice given αGalCer at the time of primary immunization on day (d) 17 had a significant higher TT-specific IgM response (ELISA), while given αGalCer at d7 during immunization only resulted in a marginal boosting. Consistently, immunostaining of the spleen sections from αGalCer-treated d17 immunized neonates showed higher number of Ki67+ cells in the splenic germinal center area, suggesting stronger response after immunization. In vitro kinetic studies revealed that spleen cells from newborn to d7 neonates did not respond to αGalCer stimulation, whereas cell proliferation was markedly increased by αGalCer after d7, and became dramatic around neonatal d17-18, which was accompanied by increased B and T lymphocyte populations in the spleen. In addition, in d17 spleen cells, αGalCer significantly stimulated the proliferation of CD23+ B cells, a subset of B cells enriched in germinal centers. These data suggest that αGalCer is an effective stimulator of the immune system in late neonatal stage and thus may be useful as a potential adjuvant to achieve an efficient immunization.
Astronaut and Aquanaut Performance and Adjustment Behavioral Issues in Analagous Environments

The utility of analog environments as sources of data for future, long duration space missions is discussed. The undersea habitat is evaluated on a point-by-point basis for similarities and differences with Space Station and a possible lunar base. The comparability of Antarctic wintering-over stations is also considered. Critical issues for research are described, as well as the requirement that participants be involved in the conduct of meaningful work.
Sentencing and computation of punishment —On “computerized sentencing”

Sentencing has long been a neglected area of analysis by both China’s academic and judicial circles. Nominally, there are no specific prescriptions in China’s criminal law regarding sentencing; in practice, however, courts arbitrarily integrate sentencing into the conviction proceedings of criminal trials. This lack of established specificity, when coupled with variation in the practice of different courts in various localities, has led to a general lack of transparency and substantial discrepancies in sentencing. Though some critics of the current system propose to unify the sentencing practice by adopting “computerized sentencing”, it is important to keep in mind that a sentencing system must necessarily be a dynamic process. As such, the focus and goal of sentencing should not merely be to compute a final punishment; rather, the system must justly reflect the society’s final evaluation of the offender and the crime. It is difficult to imagine that one-dimensional system as computerized sentencing can take into account the multitude of factors in considering a crime. Therefore, although it is necessary that the sentencing process should be separated from the conviction process, a “computerized” system may not be the best alternative.
Crisis Authority, the War on Terror and the Future of Constitutional Democracy

Thomas Jefferson once wrote, “To lose our country by a scrupulous adherence to written law, would be to lose the law itself, with life, liberty, property and all those who are enjoying them with us; thus absurdly sacrificing the end to the means” (Jefferson, 2000). President Jefferson suggested that deviation from the law, from the American constitution, is acceptable, or even necessary, in some circumstances. Some would find this to be shocking, but in reality numerous American presidents have endorsed this logic. President Abraham Lincoln, who issued the Emancipation Proclamation, won the Civil War, and introduced legislation to reunify the country after the termination of the war, is portrayed as one of the greatest American presidents ever to have taken office. But Lincoln also broke constitutional law by assembling the military prior to congressional approval, suspending habeas corpus, and approving military trials to deter desertions in the north among other illegal actions. Despite his legal infractions, Lincoln was not impeached and Congress systematically approved his actions during and after the war (Farber, 2003). This follows President Jefferson’s logic perfectly: President Lincoln’s breach of the law was justified because it is believed that his extralegal actions worked proactively to defend the life of the nation. Eight years of the War on Terror have ignited doubts as to the legitimacy of presidential law breaking. In the wake of September 11th, the country was confronted with the need for a decision on how to react to the organization that had attacked American civilians on American soil. The Bush administration bolstered presidential authority and domestic surveillance, adopted the rhetoric of a “war” against terrorism, and stated that they would “do whatever it takes to protect Americans” (Bush, 2001). Eight years later, American citizens now know the reality of these promises, including: torture, indefinite detentions, wiretapping, extraordinary rendition, and trial by military commissions. President Jefferson’s Italian political philosopher Giorgio Agamben has predicted the decline of liberal democracy at the hands of an overreaching executive in all present day democratic political systems. According to Agamben, crises, and the use of exceptional authority, or “the state of exception” as coined by Carl Schmitt, have allowed the executive branch to acquire legal powers beyond its original purpose, and this is eroding the balance of powers and checks on authority. To dispute this claim, I investigate the War on Terror, which Agamben cites as having led to “pure de-facto rule” (Agamben, 2005). I explore the acceptance of exceptional authority by the public, the exact legal violations of the president, the termination of the exception and the subsequent legal recovery. I suggest that, based on present day circumstances, Agamben’s predictions may be heavy-handed. Crisis Authority, the War on Terror and the Future of Constitutional Democracy
Neurogenic Mechanisms Initiating Essential Hypertension

Evidence for increased sympathetic drive, as assessed both by measurements of plasma norepinephrine and by studies of tritiated norepinephrine kinetics, is most frequently obtained in young hypertensive patients. During the initial phases of hypertension, the increased sympathetic drive may persistently elevate arterial pressure through effects on the heart, the blood vessels, and the kidneys. In some patients, signs of a hyperkinetic circulation--including elevated heart rate and, less often, high cardiac output--predominate. In others, elevated vascular resistance, reflecting increased alpha-adrenergic tone, is the principal hemodynamic aberration. Even in patients with high cardiac output, a relative increase of vascular alpha-adrenergic tone accounts for their higher blood pressure. Increased sympathetic drive to the kidneys diminishes the efficiency of pressure diuresis, which is designed to restore normal arterial pressure. Although increased plasma norepinephrine levels are not consistently observed among older hypertensive patients compared with age-matched controls, neurogenic hypertension is not only a temporary event. In fact, tachycardia, which is neutrogenically mediated, doubles the risk of sustained hypertension later in life. The precise sequence of events in the transition from a principally neurogenic hypertension early in life to a predominantly nonneurogenic hypertension later in life is not known, although it likely includes decreased beta-receptor sensitivity with consequently reduced tachycardia and beta-mediated vasodilation. Functional diminution in endothelium-dependent vasodilation may augment sensitivity to vasoconstrictors such as norepinephrine and serotonin. Moreover, structural vascular changes nonspecifically enhance vascular reactivity to all vasoactive compounds and may provide a more permanent basis for altered pressure diuresis. Thus, hypertension initiated predominantly by neurogenic mechanisms could be sustained later without excessive sympathetic drive.
UV‐EXCITED BLUE AUTOFLUORESCENCE OF PSEUDO‐NITZSCHIA MULTISERIES (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1

A flow cytometer coupled to a scanning monochromator and a fluorescence microscope were used to characterize the fluorescence spectrum of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Hasle) Hasle, a pennate diatom that produces the neurotoxin domoic acid, a lethal amnesic. In this research, we characterize the fluorescence spectrum of P. multiseries in vivo over the wavelength range of 360 to 850 nm and show that this diatom autofluoresces blue when excited with UV light (350-365 nm). The autofluorescence characterization of Pseudo-nitzschia may provide new methods for rapid in situ monitoring of diatom populations and reiterates the usefulness of flow cytometry in the analysis and study of marine phytoplankton.
Interfacial Mechanical Characterization of Nicalon SiC Fiber/Alumina-Based Composites

Abstract Interfacial mechanical properties of both Nicalon SiC/aluminum borate and Nicalon SiC/aluminum phosphate with various fiber coatings and heat treatments were evaluated using a commercially-available indenter to induce fiber sliding during load cycling experiments. Varying degrees of sliding due to different coating materials were found. The interfacial characteristics including the shear, the residual axial fiber, and debond stresses were estimated by matching the experimental stress-displacement curves with curves predicted from an existing model. The elastic modulus and hardness of the interphase/interface in ceramic matrix composites were also evaluated. These results provided important insights into the ultimate mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites.
The reduced folate carrier in L1210 murine leukemia cells is a 58-kDa protein.

Abstract The reduced folate carrier (RFC1) is a major transporter for both natural reduced folates and antifolate chemotherapeutics. Using polyclonal antibodies targeted to epitopes at the loop between the sixth and seventh predicted transmembrane domains or the distal C-terminus, we were able to demonstrate by Western blot analysis that the molecular size of RFC1 expressed in murine leukemia L1210 cells is 58 kDa as predicted by the open reading frame of its cDNA. 46- and 38-kDa proteins detected only in plasma membrane preparations were proteolytic degradation products that appeared during membrane preparation or treatment with the conventional SDS–PAGE loading buffer. These data resolve discrepancies reported previously for the molecular size of RFC1.
Relationship between ratio and point defect properties in HCP metals

The effect of the ca ratio on lattice stability and point defect properties in hcp metals has been studied using an EAM many-body model. The range of ca ratios for hcp stability was from 1.58 to 1.63, with bcc more stable at smaller ratios and fcc more stable at larger ratios. Relaxation calculations show that, as the ca ratio decreases from ideal, stacking-fault energies increase, the divacancy and trivacancy binding energies become more anisotropic, and the planar Bo self-interstitial configuration becomes more stable than the three-dimensional C configuration. The activation energy for self diffusion is independent of the variation of the ca ratio and is isotropic.
Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuro-Informatics

The Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuro-Informatics is the first published book in one volume that explains together the basics and the state-of-the-art of two major science disciplines in their interaction and mutual relationship, namely: information sciences, bioinformatics and neuroinformatics. Bioinformatics is the area of science which is concerned with the information processes in biology and the development and applications of methods, tools and systems for storing and processing of biological information thus facilitating new knowledge discovery. Neuroinformatics is the area of science which is concerned with the information processes in biology and the development and applications of methods, tools and systems for storing and processing of biological information thus facilitating new knowledge discovery. The text contains 62 chapters organized in 12 parts, 6 of them covering topics from information science and bioinformatics, and 6 cover topics from information science and neuroinformatics. Each chapter consists of three main sections: introduction to the subject area, presentation of methods and advanced and future developments. The Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuroinformatics can be used as both a textbook and as a reference for postgraduate study and advanced research in these areas. The target audience includes students, scientists, and practitioners from the areas of information, biological and neurosciences.With Forewords by Shun-ichi Amari of the Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama and Karlheinz Meier of the University of Heidelberg, Kirchhoff-Institute of Physics and Co-Director of the Human Brain Project.
Final-state effects on the deep-inelastic response of liquid 4He.

We calculate the deep-inelastic response of liquid 4He. Using a universality hypothesis for the bridge function, we obtain a new, highly consistent ground-state Jastrow wave function with condensate fraction n0≃0.081. The dynamics of final-state interactions is accounted for by a Monte Carlo sampling of the scattering wave function of the recoiling He atom. The results, in excellent agreement with recent neutron-scattering measurements, indicate that the response has a more complicated dependence on the structure of the ground state than is assumed by all previous theories.
Mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide reactions: initiation of lipid peroxidation and the production of nitrous Acid.

The reactions of nitrogen dioxide with cyclohexene have been studied as a model for the reactions that occur between nitrogen dioxide in smoggy air and unsaturated fatty acids in pulmonary lipids. As predicted from earlier studies at high nitrogen dioxide concentrations, this gas reacts with cyclohexene predominantly by addition to the double bond at nitrogen dioxide concentrations of 1 percent (10,000 parts per million) to 40 percent in nitrogen; in the presence of air or oxygen, this reaction initiates the autoxidation of the alkene. However, at concentrations below 100 parts per million in nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide reacts with cyclohexene almost exclusively by abstraction of allylic hydrogen; this unexpected reaction also initiates the autoxidation of the alkene in the presence of oxygen or air, but it leads to the production of nitrous acid rather than of a product containing a nitro group attached to a carbon atom. The nitrous acid can react with amines to produce nitrosamines. Moreover, the nitrite ion produced by the hydrogen abstraction mechanism would be expected to diffuse throughout the body, unlike nitrated lipids that would be confined to the pulmonary cavity. These findings have been confirmed with methyl oleate, linoleate, and linolenate; some of the kinetic features of the nitrogen dioxide—initiated autoxidation of these unsaturated fatty acids have been studied.
Berberine Alkaloids via 6,7-Dimethoxyisoquinoline-l-aldoxime

FOR the past two years1, it has been clear that the development of a new and convenient method for the synthesis of the berberine alkaloids hinged on the preparation of 6,7-methylenedioxy (I)- and 6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline aldehydes (II). The use of the first of these in the synthesis of tetrahydroberberine and related alkaloids has been reported2. The present communication describes the preparation and use of the dimethoxyisoquinoline aldehyde (II).
Dipole moments and spin rotations of the neutron

Abstract A recently completed neutron beam experiment is described which sets the limit on μE the neutron electric dipole moment of | μ E e | −24 cm . A new experiment with bottled cold neutrons has been started and should eventually provide much lower limit. The original apparatus has recently been used to measure the ratio gm n μ p of the magnetic moment of the neutron to that of proton with the result μ n μ p = −0.68497945(17) . A new apparatus is being planned to measure the parity violating small rotation of the neutron spin due to the weak interaction when the neutron passes through a material such as Bi or Sn. A still larger rotation may be studied when the molecules of the medium are optically active (cork screw shaped).
A new DWBA method for two-nucleon transfer with heavy ions

Abstract A formalism is developed for calculating two-nucleon transfer cross sections. It is intended mainly for heavy-ion induced reactions. The single-nucleon wave functions are expanded in a harmonic oscillator series. A Moshinsky transformation then yields a series of terms containing the relative and c.m. coordinates. It is found that only a limited number of these terms are needed.
Generation Y employees' retail work experience: The mediating effect of job characteristics

Abstract This research examines Generation Y employees' retail work experience. Based upon Brown and Peterson's [Brown SP, Peterson RA, Antecedents and consequences of salesperson job satisfaction: meta-analysis and assessment of causal effects. J Mark Res 1993; 30: 63–77; Brown SP, Peterson RA, The effect of effort on sales performance and job satisfaction. J Mark 1994; 58: 70–80.] job satisfaction model, Gen Y employees work experience framework encompasses the work environment variables of role conflict, role ambiguity, supervisory support, and work involvement to predict job performance, job satisfaction, and, ultimately, retail career intention. Drawing from the job crafting perspective in management theory [Wrzesniewski and Dutton, 2001], this research tests the mediating effect of job characteristics between work environment and job outcomes using structural equation modeling. Study participants were members of a national sample of students ( n = 803) from 14 universities in the United States. The findings indicate that job characteristics have a critical mediating role on the relationships for Gen Y employees, suggesting a paradigm shift from passive to active employees who craft their jobs, roles, and selves within a retail organizational context.
Adsorption of 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane on Silicon Oxide Surfaces and Adsorbate Interaction with Thermally Deposited Gold

Adsorption of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) on hydroxylated silicon oxide substrates by immersion in MPS solution or exposure to MPS vapor has been compared using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To aid the interpretation, MPS has also been cryogenically condensed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) onto gold surfaces. Condensation of MPS vapor on gold in the absence of water does not result in MPS polymerization, as evidenced by multilayer desorption upon warming to room temperature. The C 1s XPS spectrum has been used to infer the relative abundance of methoxy groups. Vapor-deposition on hydroxylated silicon oxide leads to an unpolymerized MPS monolayer consisting of molecules with two methoxy groups. Solution deposition yields a 2−3 layer thick film. The layer in contact with the surface is cross-linked and methoxy-depleted, but the layers on top of it contain some methoxy groups. Step-wise thermal deposition of gold in UHV onto solution-deposited MPS has also been investigated. Gold-thiolate bon...
Filtering heuristics for rescheduling open orders in MRP systems

Abstract This paper is concerned with the problem of maintaining internal open order due dales in manufacturing firms that plan and schedule their operations using material requirements planning (MRP) systems. Earlier studies have focused on two due date maintenance procedures: fixed and dynamic. When using the fixed procedure, order due dates are never changed. Under the dynamic procedure, all shop due dates are changed to reflect the most current order due dates. In this study, a simulation model of an MRP-driven job shop is used to investigate the middle ground between these two extremes. Due date uncertainty is induced in the model by modifying the master production schedule each week. Four filtering heuristics that pass only 'important’ due date changes to the shop are developed and then analysed using the simulation model. Average customer service level and average total inventory level are used to measure the performance of the heuristics. The results indicate that the performance of the dynamic du...
An Inspection Policy for the Gamma Failure Distributions

This paper provides an easily computable one parameter inspection policy for the detection of the failure of a system when the time to failure of the system follows a gamma distribution. This one parameter inspection policy, as suggested by Munford and Shahani, compares fairly well with a computationally difficult optimal policy suggested by Barlow, Hunter and Proschan. Necessary tables are provided for the "optimal" parameter for a wide range of the parameters of the problem, from which the successive inspection times can be computed easily.
Partial P1 nuclease digestion as a probe of tRNA structure.

Partial P1 nuclease digestion of 5′-32P-labeled tRNAs, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. results in a series of bands of unequal intensities. Comparison of the digestion profiles of two conformers of yeast tRNALeu3 shows that P1 nuclease is sensitive to structural features of its substrate, Examination of the digestion pattern of yeast tRNAPhe in light of its known three-dimensional conformation shows that the enzyme's activity reflects the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of tRNA structure.
The Experience of Infertility by Low-Income Immigrant Latino Couples: Attitudes Toward Adoption

Low-income immigrant Latino couples attending an infertility clinic in San Francisco participated in three in-depth interviews. Couples were unwavering in their desire to become parents by “natural” means, yet faced with the prospect of childlessness, many expressed a guarded willingness to consider adoption in the future. Although few had actually made the commitment or initiated steps toward formal adoption, several couples had experiences with adoption through informal channels. Couples generally expressed concerns about stigma and appeared daunted by financial and bureaucratic obstacles. Low-income Latino families in California would benefit from increased adoption information, research, and support.