cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hierarchical Structure and Dynamics of Voids

Contrary to the common view voids have very complex internal structure and dynamics. Here we show how the hierarchy of structures in the density field inside voids is reflected by a similar hierarchy of structures in the velocity field. Voids defined by dense filaments and clusters can de described as simple expanding domains with coherent flows everywhere except at their boundaries. At scales smaller that the void radius the velocity field breaks into expanding sub-domains corresponding to subvoids. These sub-domains break into even smaller sub-sub domains at smaller scales resulting in a nesting hierarchy of locally expanding domains. The ratio between the magnitude of the velocity field responsible for the expansion of the void and the velocity field defining the sub voids is approximately one order of magnitude. The small-scale components of the velocity field play a minor role in the shaping of the voids but they define the local dynamics directly affecting the processes of galaxy formation and evolution. The super-Hubble expansion inside voids makes them cosmic magnifiers by stretching their internal primordial density fluctuations allowing us to probe the small scales in the primordial density field. Voids also act like time machines by “freezing” the development of the medium-scale density fluctuations responsible for the formation of the tenuous web of structures seen connecting proto galaxies in computer simulations. As a result of this freezing haloes in voids can remain “connected” to this tenuous web until the present time. This may have an important effect in the formation and evolution of galaxies in voids by providing an efficient gasaccretion mechanism via coherent low-velocity streams that can keep a steady inflow of matter for extended periods of time.
Cloning and characterization of a 20-kDa ubiquitin carrier protein from wheat that catalyzes multiubiquitin chain formation in vitro

Recent evidence indicates that the commitment to degrade cellular proteins by the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway is dependent on the covalent attachment of multiubiquitin chains to the target protein [Chau, V., Tobias, J. W., Bachmair, A., Marriott, D., Ecker, D. J., Gonda, D. K. & Varshavsky, A. (1989) Science 243, 1576-1583]. We have isolated a 20-kDa ubiquitin carrier protein [E2(20 kDa)] from wheat by using ubiquitin covalent affinity chromatography and anion-exchange HPLC that catalyzes multiubiquitin chain formation in vitro. This reaction is blocked by the addition of a mutant ubiquitin in which arginine has been substituted for lysine at residue 48, demonstrating that the coupling of ubiquitin to ubiquitin is likely to be through an isopeptide linkage between the C-terminal glycine and Lys48 of ubiquitin. By immunoscreening a wheat cDNA expression library with anti-E2(20 kDa) antibodies, a cDNA encoding the complete protein was isolated. The clone (designated UBC7) was confirmed as encoding E2(20 kDa) by comparison of the derived amino acid sequence with peptide sequences of E2(20 kDa) tryptic fragments. The encoded protein contains a single cysteine at position 91, which is presumably the active site, and has regions of amino acid sequence similarity to other known E2s from plants and yeast. Expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli produced an active E2 capable of catalyzing multiubiquitin chain formation in vitro. By virtue of its activity, E2(20 kDa) may have a pivotal role in protein degradation by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.
Prediction of retail product weight and percentage using ultrasound and carcass measurements in beef cattle.

Data from 534 steers representing six sire breed groups were used to develop live animal ul- trasound prediction equations for weight and percent- age of retail product. Steers were ultrasonically mea- sured for 12th-rib fat thickness (UFAT), rump fat thick- ness (URPFAT), longissimus muscle area (ULMA), and body wall thickness (UBDWALL) within 5 d before slaughter. Carcass measurements included in USDA yield grade (YG) and quality grade calculations were obtained. Carcasses were fabricated into boneless, to- tally trimmed retail products. Regression equations to predict weight and percentage of retail product were developed using either live animal or carcass traits as independent variables. Most of the variation in weight of retail product was accounted for by live weight (FWT) and carcass weight with R 2 values of 0.66 and 0.69, respectively. Fat measurements accounted for the
Epidemiology of 15-Day Readmissions to a Children's Hospital

Objective: To describe the population of pediatric patients readmitted to a children9s hospital within 15 days of discharge. Patients and Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify characteristics of patients and their hospitalizations for all children hospitalized during calendar years 2007–2008 who were readmitted up to and including 15 days after a previous discharge. Results: Of 30 188 total hospital admissions during the study period, 2546 (8.4%) were followed by a readmission within 15 days of discharge. The age groups with the greatest number of readmissions were infants (aged 31–364 days, 20.8% of readmissions) and patients aged >10 years (31.3% of readmissions). Most readmitted patients (78.0%) had an underlying chronic illness, and patients with malignancies were most likely to be readmitted, followed by newborns and patients with neurologic conditions. Patients with malignancies also experienced the greatest number of readmissions per patient (4.1). Most patients who were readmitted had only 1 readmission (71.5%), but the small subset of patients with 3 or more readmissions accounted for 43.7% of all 15-day readmissions. Disease recurrence and natural course of the original diagnosis were the most common reasons for readmission (44.9%), followed by planned readmissions (20.6%) and readmissions for a new, unrelated illness (7.7%). Conclusions: This report is the first description of the epidemiology of all 15-day pediatric readmissions at a children9s hospital. The results of this study serve as a basis for additional analysis to determine the extent to which readmissions in the pediatric population may or may not be preventable.
Real-time implementation and evaluation of the computed-torque scheme

Experimental results on the real-time performance of model-based control algorithms are presented. The computed-torque scheme which utilizes the complete dynamics model of the manipulator was compared to the independent joint control scheme, which assumes a decoupled and linear model of the manipulator dynamics. The two manipulator control schemes have been implemented on the Carnegie-Mellon University DD (direct-drive) Arm II with a sampling period of 2 ms. The authors discuss the design of controller gains for both the computed-torque and the independent joint control schemes and establish a framework for comparing their trajectory-tracking performances. It is shown that the computed-torque scheme outperforms the independent joint control scheme as long as there is not torque saturation in the actuators. Based on the experimental results, the authors conclusively establish the importance of compensating for the nonlinear Coriolis and centrifugal forces even at low speeds of operation. >
Background, clinical features and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early onset, clinically heterogeneous, complex neurobiological disorder, defined by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/imp...
Human Microbiome in Health and Disease

Mammals are complex assemblages of mammalian and bacterial cells organized into functional organs, tissues, and cellular communities. Human biology can no longer concern itself only with human cells: Microbiomes at different body sites and functional metagenomics must be considered part of systems biology. The emergence of metagenomics has resulted in the generation of vast data sets of microbial genes and pathways present in different body habitats. The profound differences between microbiomes in various body sites reveal how metagenomes contribute to tissue and organ function. As next-generation DNA-sequencing methods provide whole-metagenome data in addition to gene-expression profiling, metaproteomics, and metabonomics, differences in microbial composition and function are being linked to health and disease states in different organs and tissues. Global parameters of microbial communities may provide valuable information regarding human health status and disease predisposition. More detailed knowledge...
Demonstration of three dimensional imaging of blood vessel using a no moving parts electronic lens-based optical confocal microscope

To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, biological Three Dimensional (3-D) imaging has been achieved using an electronically controlled optical lens to accomplish no-moving parts depth section scanning in a modified commercial 3-D confocal microscope. Specifically, full 3-D views of a standard CDC blood vessel (enclosed in a glass slide) have been obtained using the modified confocal microscope operating at the red 633 nm laser wavelength.
Health-related quality of life of patients following selected types of lumbar spinal surgery: a pilot study.

Over 500,000 spinal surgeries are performed annually in the United States. Although pain relief and improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are expectations following lumbar spinal surgery, there is limited research regarding this experience from the individual's perspective. In addition, no studies have examined the HRQOL of persons who have had this surgery using a comprehensive approach. The intent of this study was to address this deficiency by an assessment of both the individual and environmental factors that impact perceived HRQOL using the Wilson and Cleary Model for Health-Related Quality of Life in persons who have undergone lumbar spinal surgery. This was a pilot study of 57 adult patients undergoing elective lumbar spinal surgery for either herniated disk and/or degenerative changes. Individuals completed questionnaires measuring perceived pain, mood, functional status, general health perceptions, social support and HRQOL preoperatively and three months following surgery. Descriptive statistics, dependent t-tests, and MANOVAs were used to describe and compare the differences of the study variables over time. Preliminary results indicate overall perceived physical HRQOL was significantly improved postoperatively (t [56] = 6.45, p < .01), however, it was lower than the published norms for patients with low back pain. Both functional disability (t [56] = 10.47, p < .001) and pain (t [56] = 10.99, p < .001) were significantly improved after surgery. Although levels of fatigue and vigor were also significantly improved after surgery, both were less than the published norms. There was no change in the level of social support over time; however, level of support was consistent with that reported by patients with chronic illness. Although perceived physical HRQOL was significantly improved three months postoperatively, fatigue and lack of vigor were issues for subjects postoperatively. Excessive fatigue and low vigor may have implications for successful rehabilitation and return to work for patients following lumbar spinal surgery. Further research is needed with a larger sample size and subgroup analyses to confirm these results.
Direct radiative forcing and atmospheric absorption by boundary layer aerosols in the southeastern US: model estimates on the basis of new observations

In an effort to reduce uncertainties in the quantification of aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) in the southeastern United States (US), a field column experiment was conducted to measure aerosol radiative properties and effects at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, and at an adjacent valley site. The experimental period was from June 1995 to mid-December 1995. The aerosol optical properties (single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor) needed to compute ADRF were obtained on the basis of a procedure involving a Mie code and a radiative transfer code in conjunction with the retrieved aerosol size distribution, aerosol optical depth, and diffuse-to-direct solar irradiance ratio. The regional values of ADRF at the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA), and atmospheric aerosol absorption are derived using the obtained aerosol optical properties as inputs to the column radiation model (CRM) of the community climate model (CCM3). The cloud-free instantaneous TOA ADRFs for highly polluted (HP), marine (M) and continental (C) air masses range from 20.3 to −24.8, 1.3 to −10.4, and 1.9 to −13.4 W m−2, respectively. The mean cloud-free 24-h ADRFs at the TOA (at the surface) for HP, M, and C air masses are estimated to be −8±4 (−33±16), −7±4 (−13±8), and −0.14±0.05 (−8±3) W m−2, respectively. On the assumption that the fractional coverage of clouds is 0.61, the annual mean ADRFs at the TOA and the surface are −2±1, and −7±2 W m−2, respectively. This also implies that aerosols currently heat the atmosphere over the southeastern US by 5±3 W m−2 on annual timescales due to the aerosol absorption in the troposphere.
Beamwaveguide optics designs for implementing an electronic tracking feed on reflector antennas

The authors present beamwaveguide (BWG) optics designs for implementing an electronic tracking feed on reflector antennas. The emphasis is on developing a compact BWG optics design for a 34-m reflector antenna in the NASA JPL Deep Space Network subject to the space constraint of its front equipment room. The compact design also has a cost advantage from using a much smaller mirror of high-precision surface. It is most suitable where a tracking function is needed at high frequencies. A diffraction analysis verification of the compact design is presented. >
Measuring learning outcomes from the ethics course

A business ethics course has been part of our undergraduate curriculum since its inception. Students have always liked the course for its social application and timely usefulness. We wanted to make the course scientific and values and skills laden. But first we wanted to see the exact “needs” of a business ethics course by conducting a worldwide survey. Even though responses from international universities were not very encouraging, we decided to use the results of the survey responses of the American universities. After we got the results we wanted to tweak the curriculum to adapt to desirable values and skills in ethics. The following paper is the result of a two-stage development - first, a survey was conducted and the second is the application of the results of the survey in imparting values and skills in the form of intended outcomes in the course.
Education and Cultural Development of the Health Care Workforce Part II. Opportunities for Nonprofessional Workers

James H. Thrall, MD The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) have put forth initiatives (1,2) for educational reform aimed at improving the outcome of training for health professionals by defining core and general competencies, respectively, designed to help shape values, attitudes, and behaviors rather than simply enumerating facts to be learned. These initiatives have substantial merit (3) and speak to issues that are fundamental to improving the quality and safety of health care delivery and to improving the satisfaction of patients with the delivery system. However, neither the IOM nor the ACGME have addressed the full extent of the educational and cultural challenges facing the delivery system, because they restrict their focus to health professionals at the top of the delivery pyramid and do not address the educational and cultural challenges posed by the entire health care workforce. In fact, thousands of people come into the health care workforce each year with no formal training for the job they are expected to do. To achieve the ambitious visions of the IOM and ACGME, these workers and thousands more with rudimentary training must be beneficially integrated into the care process and must become culturally aligned with the values underpinning health care delivery.
Bounds on range-resolution degradation using RSSI measurements

In this paper, we investigate the fundamental loss of ranging resolution using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) observations relative to unprocessed received signal (URS) measurements. Unlike previous work, this is done for a single propagation model that accounts for large-scale (log-normal) fading and small-scale (multipath) fading effects. Further, this contribution fully accounts for the temporal correlation of the log-normal attenuation and the multipath channel, which previous work has ignored. Cramer Rao bounds on the estimates of range give us a complete description of the effects of data reduction (through RSSI observations), multipath, and random attenuation on the estimates of range.
The Size, Shape and Polydispersity of Micelles of Amphiphillic Molecules

Using the method of Light Scattering Spectroscopy, we have measured the size, shape and polydispersity of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles in the regime of high salt and high detergent concentrations. From our measurements, we have deduced the chemical potentials associated with the interaction between detergent monomers in cylindrical and spherical portions of the micelle, and also the dependence of these chemical potentials on salt concentration.
Case report: dealing with a ventilation complication after successful cricothyrotomy.

Abstract Background Cricothyrotomy is a rare procedure in the Emergency Department, but necessary in cases where endotracheal intubation has failed and the patient cannot be ventilated. After establishing a cricothyrotomy, ventilation may be difficult, depending on the etiology of the patient's respiratory failure. Objectives This case highlights a successful cricothyrotomy that needed further direct intervention to correct an air leak from the patient's mouth. Case Report A novel double-bag technique (DBT), where an Ambu ® bag (Ambu Inc., Glen Burnie, MD) was connected to the cricothyrotomy catheter and another Ambu bag placed over the mouth and nose, was employed to help solve the post-cricothyrotomy air leak problem. Conclusion It was only after this DBT technique was initiated that we were able to properly ventilate and oxygenate the patient.
Numerical Investigation of Two-Way Coupling Mechanisms in Dilute, Particle Laden Flows

Over the last decade, two-way coupled simulations of particle or droplet laden flows have contributed significantly to our insight into the interaction mechanisms between the continuous and the dispersed phase, respectively. The effects of this two-way coupling on the statistical properties of both isotropic and homogenous turbulence have been addressed in the numerical simulations of several authors (Squires and Eaton 1990, Elghobashi and Truesdell 1993, Truesdell and Elghobashi 1994, Maxey, Patel, Chang and Wang 1997, Sundaram and Collins 1999), while other investigators have focused on the modification of wall turbulence (Pan and Banerjee 1996) and fully developed channel flows (Kulick, Fessler and Eaton 1994) by heavy particles. Druzhinin (1995) conducts an analysis of two-way coupling effects in several simplified flowfields such as free stagnation points, as well as constant vorticity and Stuart vortices, in order to obtain improved physical insight. By using a small Stokes number expansion, he makes the interesting observations that two-way coupling effects lead to a reduction in the vorticity near vortex centers, while the strain is enhanced at hyperbolic free stagnation points. Two-way coupling effects in transitional flows have been investigated by Saffman (1961), as well as Chen and Chung (1995). Recently, Dimas and Kiger (1998) extended the above linear stability analyses. Their focus is on the impact of the particle Stokes number and the mass loading, and they observe that an increase in either one of these parameters decreases the growth rate of the instability. Under certain conditions, they find the appearance of a second, low-frequency instability mode.
Non-Contact Tension Sensing Using Fe-Ga Alloy Strip

This paper describes a proof-of-concept non-contact strain sensor, using a magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloy (Galfenol). Magnetostrictive materials demonstrate dimensional changes in response to a magnetic field. In contrast with typical piezoceramic materials, Galfenol is the most ductile of the current transduction materials and appears to have an excellent ability to withstand mechanical shock and tension. Galfenol also exhibits the inverse (Villari) effect: both the magnetization and permeability change in response to an applied stress. Galfenol has low hysteresis loses, less than ∼10% of its transduction potential over a range of −20 to +80 °C. The magnetization’s response to stress depends strongly on both magnetic field bias and alloy composition. Galfenol’s Villari effect can be used in various sensor configurations together with either a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor, Hall Effect sensor or pickup coil to sense the magnetization / permeability changes in Galfenol when stressed. The sensor described in this paper utilizes the permeability change, which is not time dependent and can measure static loads. The design reported here targets low force, low frequency applications, such as inclination measurements and stress monitoring. The sensor was able to measure both static and dynamic stress. The static sensitivity was +3.64 Oe/kN for the Hall sensor close to the bias magnet and −1.49 Oe/kN for the Hall sensor at the other end of the Galfenol strip. We conclude that a Galfenol strain sensor is a viable candidate for bolt stress monitoring in critical applications.© 2015 ASME
Self-Regulation and the Market for Activism

This paper presents a theory of the market for activism where citizens fund activists, campaigning activists pressure firms to change their practices, and firms self-regulate to forestall or mitigate campaigns. Activists have leverage because firms must self-regulate before they are targeted, and their self-regulation must deter the activists conditional on being targeted. Activists anticipate gaining more from campaigns against soft (more vulnerable) firms than hard (less vulnerable) firms, so it is more costly for soft firms to forestall the activists, and some risk a campaign but self-regulate to mitigate the probability that the campaign succeeds. Campaigns thus can occur in equilibrium. The threat from activism is the probability that a firm is targeted, and the stronger the threat the fewer campaigns there are because more firms self-regulate to forestall a campaign. Radical activists target harder firms than do moderate activists, and the more radical the activists the more costly it is to forestall them. Some firms are too hard to be threatened by activism and maximize their profits. Firms that are too hard to target directly may be vulnerable to campaigns threatening their supply and distribution chains. Activists and their donors have an incentive to maximize the scope of activism; that is, the breadth of the threat from activism.
Successful marrow transplantation for acute myelocytic leukemia following therapy for Hodgkin's disease

Five patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) after combined modality therapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD) were treated with cyclophosphamide and busulfan followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Four patients received allogeneic transplants from histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA)-compatible siblings and the fifth patient received an autologous marrow treated with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Two patients died of complications of acute graft-v-host disease (GVHD) despite prophylaxis with either low-dose cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine. The remaining three patients were alive and disease-free 382, 617, and 620 days after transplant. These initial results are encouraging and more patients with treatment-related AML need to be evaluated with both allogeneic and autologous BMT to fully elucidate the potentially curative role of this intensive therapy in an otherwise fatal hematologic malignancy.
Injury and Disease of Scuba and Skin Divers

Even the inland physician may be involved in the evaluation and treatment of injuries and disease from skin diving and scuba diving. Most treatments are symptomatic, but decompression sickness and pulmonary embolism are specific emergencies that require recompression. All physicians should know the location of the nearest recompression facility.
Observations on the White-Faced Wasp Dolichovespula Maculata (Linn) (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

Opportunities to peer through a glass window into a nest while it is inhabited by living white-faced wasps are doubtlessly rare. Such an occasion was afforded us at Eaglesnest Lake, near Tower and Ely, in northern Minnesota in the summer of 1952. The nest was attached to a vertical glass window on the west side of a cabin owned by our neighbor friends, Mr. and Mrs. Edgar C. Love, of Orion, Illinois, and their daughter Katherine, of New York City.
Non-intrusive Flight Test Instrumentation using Video Recognition

The National Research Council of Canada has conducted feasibility studies into the development of non-intrusive flight test instrumentation methods with the goal of reducing the cost and time-to-market for certified aerospace products. Video recognition for the collection of flight test time history data was one such non-intrusive method. Compared to traditional instrumentation alternatives the use of machine vision techniques for flight data collection can reduce the instrumentation, airworthiness, and installation efforts required for flight test data collection, and is particularly advantageous when access to the aircraft is limited. This paper details the development of flight test video recognition software, the necessary calibration algorithms, hardware, and the accuracy of data collected by video via full flight simulator data benchmarks. This work has shown that video recognition is a convenient means of collecting cockpit flight test data for model development and certification of full flight simulator devices.
Observation and measurement of behavior of porous materials when rapidly compressed

This paper describes the apparatus and techniques used for the study of the behavior of porous materials when impulsively loaded. Observations are made of the displacement-time history of steel plates, which have been accelerated by means of explosives, as they are retarded by specimens of wood and other porous materials. Preliminary dynamic stress-strain data, and some observations of compression wave propagation in porous media are presented.
How big is the bio-business? Notes on measuring the size of the Dutch bio-economy

Abstract This paper focuses on the size of the Dutch bio-economy. With the help of consolidated input-output tables, the size of the bio-economy in terms of value added is estimated for the years 2008–2012. It appears that in the Netherlands, during the period indicated, its share in national production slowly rose from 6.7% in 2008–7.2% in 2012.
Research progress of comprehensive effect under different rates straw mulch on the rainfed farming areas,China I.Effect of different rates of straw mulch on farmland ecoenvironment

With the water-saving agriculture and soil carbon cycle theory development and maturity,straw mulch research for a novel of contemporary conservation agriculture one of the issues,much attention.In order to deeply understand the straw mulch comprehensive ecological effects of farmland,the paper reviews the different straw mulch on soil temperature,moisture,nutrients,enzymes,soil carbon,biological structures and farmland weed pest and microclimate of status and progress of the research to the field of research and development of reference.
Development of the low-carbon medical and promotion the development of medical and health services

Medical health profession should enhance the consciousness and follow the trend of low-carbon,implement sharing and mutual recognition of inspection results between hospitals,establish the sharing center of medical equipment,develop telemedicine by the development of electronic information technology,establish electronic medical records,perfect two-way referral system,implement sophisticated management,promote the development of medical and health services.Constructing the health service system,management mechanism and operation mechanism which adapt to the requirements of low-carbon economy are the necessary requirement for the development of medical and health services.
Ways of Learning English Well

In order to learn English well, one should have perseverance and willpower, besides, also pay attention to studying methods such as: developing interest and instinctive feel of language, summarizing what you have learned, persisting in 4 oftens and getting rid of 3 shortcomings.
Comments on “historical archaeology in the next millennium: A forum”

Donald Hardesty has offered such a well stated and insightful personal statement, or prospectus, on the future of historical archaeology that it is difficult to comment beyond ticking off agree ments, however, a bemused observation cannot be avoided. Researchers are usually beyond their fiftieth birthday when they start to claim they can predict the future. Hardesty ranges over the entire discipline but divides his comments into two major categories. The first of these gives his essay its strength while the second, the nature of "the professional community," is more problematic and complex. There are few historical-sociological data con cerning the discipline of historical archaeology for such an analysis.
The Failure of Resolution in Sense and Sensibility

Sense and Sensibility begins as a balanced ledger sheet. Norland, the home of the Dashwoods, a large, prosperous and respectable estate, represents economic stability. Here, for Austen’s fiction, is the equivalent of primal security, an Edenic paradise of the landed gentry. The novel begins in a numbing muddle of financial detail, describing flatly the economic situations of Norland’s owner, Mr. Dashwood, and those of his heirs: his nephew and nephew’s wife, his grand nephew and nieces, and his great-grand nephew. These monetary details constitute both the status quo and a paradisial stability, for at the old man’s death in the third paragraph, narrative wit and economic instability enter the novel hand-in-hand: ‘The old Gentleman died; his will was read, and like almost every other will gave as much disappointment as pleasure’ (p. 4). The one grand nephew and his son are favoured over the three grand nieces. This initial imbalance of the ledger causes all the subsequent action of the novel, because the fates of the Dashwood sisters devolve almost entirely from their disinheritance. The entrance of irony at this crucial moment is metaphorically right, because only when innocence and security are lost is the double nature of language apparent. There is no need for irony in an Unfallen paradise; irony is a postlapsarian aspect of langugage.
Classified Mixed Model Prediction

ABSTRACTMany practical problems are related to prediction, where the main interest is at subject (e.g., personalized medicine) or (small) sub-population (e.g., small community) level. In such cases, it is possible to make substantial gains in prediction accuracy by identifying a class that a new subject belongs to. This way, the new subject is potentially associated with a random effect corresponding to the same class in the training data, so that method of mixed model prediction can be used to make the best prediction. We propose a new method, called classified mixed model prediction (CMMP), to achieve this goal. We develop CMMP for both prediction of mixed effects and prediction of future observations, and consider different scenarios where there may or may not be a “match” of the new subject among the training-data subjects. Theoretical and empirical studies are carried out to study the properties of CMMP, including prediction intervals based on CMMP, and its comparison with existing methods. In partic...
Agronomic Evaluation of Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Cultivars for Biodiesel Feedstock

Recent interest in renewable energy sources and the need to diversify cropping systems have triggered research interest in camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz). Camelina is well adapted to the temperate dryland climates and can be used as an energy crop. But information on agronomic evaluation of camelina cultivars for biodiesel feedstock are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate six spring camelina cultivars (cv. Blaine Creek, Calena, Ligena, Pronghorn, Shoshone, and Suneson) on seed yield, oil concentration, and oil yield. The study was carried out from 2013 to 2015 at three locations (Havre, Moccasin, and Pendroy, MT). Over locations and years, mean seed yield differences among cultivars were significant (P < 0.05). The mean seed yield for cultivars ranging from 1295 kg ha−1 (Suneson) to 1420 kg ha−1 (Ligena). Ligena and Calena showed a combination of good seed yield performance and stability across environments. Environmental means for seed yield differences were substantial compared with cultivar means. The location Havre produced 45 and 32% more mean seed yield than Pendroy and Moccasin, respectively. There was no significant difference among cultivars in oil concentration and oil yield. The absence of variations in oil concentration and oil yield differences among these cultivars could indicate the need for further research to improve these qualities essential for biodiesel.
Innovative practices session 2C: “How is industry simplifying analog test”

Industry continues to grapple with analog test in terms of the right set of parameters to be tested and the right set of tests and measurements required for them. On one hand, is the growing analog content in today's ICs, and on the other, is the need to optimise test and characterization to make it affordable and timely across different quality and reliability requirements laid down by the application markets. Different companies and teams have often used their own internal custom methods to simplify analog test with varying demands on test and automation, resulting in varying degrees of success. In this innovative practices session, the three presentations are from three leading semiconductor companies, and they illustrate their approach to simplifying analog test. They cover different topics ranging from enablers for adoption of structural test methods to how the ATE can scale to match with the DUT high speed interfaces, and the modifications needed in the test flow to leverage the results from new validation and BIST methods.
Shaping Strategies for the IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) would benefit from a shaping strategy, which mobilizes global ecosystems of third-party participants to create or reshape an industry or market, bringing more value to more people.
Ultrasonic Percutaneous Tenotomy of Common Extensor Tendons for Recalcitrant Lateral Epicondylitis

Tennis elbow is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting middle-aged patients with symptoms usually lasting from 6 months to 2 years. The vast majority of individuals will respond to conservative therapy; however, some will require surgical intervention. A new treatment system has been developed for use with ultrasound guidance in the ultrasonic microresection of tendinopathic tissue. This technology has been implemented in the TX1 Tissue Removal System and is used to treat various tendinopathies by debridement using targeted ultrasonic energy. We describe the surgical technique for the TX1 system as well as provide pain and functional outcome scores for a series of patients with recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis treated with percutaneous tenotomy with ultrasonic energy utilizing ultrasound guidance.
Do Two Symmetry-Breaking Transitions in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Complexes (PLHC) Form One, Two or More Kibble–Zurek (KZ) Topological Defect(s)?

Kibble (J Phys A: Math Gen, 9(8):1387, 1976) [1] and Zurek (Nature, 317(6037):505, 1985) [2] (KZ) proposed that rapid symmetry-breaking transitions in the hot, early universe could result in causally disconnected topological defects such as cosmic strings. This type of first order transition has analogues in certain second order transitions present in condensed matter such as liquid crystals, superfluids and charge density waves in terms of flux tubes or vortices. Recently, we discovered that Rhodopseudomonas acidophila’s Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Complex might have different types of coherent ground and excited states, suggesting that there are two different symmetry-breaking transitions. The B850 ground states comprise eight identical rings each containing 18 bacteriochlorophyll components, and each ring has undergone a Bose–Einstein phase transition to a charge density wave that lowers the energy. The excited state coherence results from polariton formation from the non-crossing of bosons, here excitons and photons, an extension of exciton theory (Knox, Theory of excitons. Academic Press, New York, 1963) [3]. The result is short-lived quasiparticles with very low mass that can form an unusual Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). We suggest that the oriented, circular B850’s and enclosed single B875 create new cavity structure with some attributes of toroidal nanopillars (Fan et al., Nano Lett, 10(10):3823, 2010) [4], (Pelton and Bryant, Introduction to metal-nanoparticle plasmonics. Wiley, Hoboken, 2013) [5], (Vahala, Nature, 424(6950):839, 2003) [6]. Since both the ground and excited states should contain solitons, we envisage trARPES (time and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy) in conjunction with a three-pulse probe with various appropriate time delays should be able to map both the KZ phase transitions and energy transfers as a function of light intensity and time in this complex at room temperature (Mihailovic et al., J Phys: Condens Matt, 25(40):404206, 2013) [7], (Rettig et al., Nat Comms, 7:10459, 2016) [8].
Sources of Intermodel Spread in the Lapse Rate and Water Vapor Feedbacks

AbstractSources of intermodel differences in the global lapse rate (LR) and water vapor (WV) feedbacks are assessed using CO2 forcing simulations from 28 general circulation models. Tropical surface warming leads to significant warming and moistening in the tropical and extratropical upper troposphere, signifying a nonlocal, tropical influence on extratropical radiation and feedbacks. Model spread in the locally defined LR and WV feedbacks is pronounced in the Southern Ocean because of large-scale ocean upwelling, which reduces surface warming and decouples the surface from the tropospheric response. The magnitude of local extratropical feedbacks across models and over time is well characterized using the ratio of tropical to extratropical surface warming. It is shown that model differences in locally defined LR and WV feedbacks, particularly over the southern extratropics, drive model variability in the global feedbacks. The cross-model correlation between the global LR and WV feedbacks therefore does no...
SELF REGULATION OF PROLACTIN VIA HYPOTHALAMIC CATECHOLAMINES

ABSTRACT Exogenous administration of prolactin (PRL) suppressed an increase in prolactin release in response to suckling in the rat. Experiments were designed to determine whether prolactin was inhibitory to its own secretion via an action on hypothalamic catecholamines.
Focus, Modernization, and Manufacturing Technology Policy

In this study we have explored the relationship between plant focus (as measured by strategic emphasis in manufacturing), modernization strategies, and manufacturing teclinology policy. Based on a study of plants modernizing the production process, the single most important result of these investigations of focus was the finding that manufacturing technology policy was consistently related to focus, regardless of organization size. Firms with aggressive policy have more focused strategically emphasized plants.
Thermal Conductivity of 34-700 Carbon Fiber Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures

A steady-state test rig for measuring the thermal conductivity of thin carbon fiber composites at cryogenic temperatures has been constructed and calibrated using a 304 stainless steel sample. Thermal conductivity measurements were carried out on both unidirectional and multi-directional 34-700 carbon fiber-NCT 301 epoxy composite samples from 8 K up to 150 K using the test rig. Thermal diffusivity measurements were made at 295 K and were then used to calculate the thermal conductivity. Unidirectional samples with fibers oriented at 0, 90, and 45 degrees to the direction of heat flow have been evaluated. The thermal conductivity of a sample with laminate plys in the configuration ±45/90/0(3)/90/±45 has also been measured. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity in the 0° direction is 7 times that in the 90° direction. For the multidirectional sample, the thermal conductivity ranges from 0.22 W/(mK) at 5.7 K to 2.98 W/(mK). The general trend of the data is similar to that of the T-300 carbon fiber samples.
Splinters from the Bench: Feasibility of Lawsuits by Athletes Against Coaches and Schools for Lack of Playing Time

In light of the ever increasing costs of education, as well as the increasing amount of compensation being given to professional athletes, the amount of pressure put on young athletes to perform at a high level is tremendous. ... To allow collegiate coaching staffs adequate opportunity to scout and compile statistics on player performance, the student-athlete must be given a certain amount of playing time in his or her respective sport - the more playing time on the field or court, the better opportunity coaching staffs have to evaluate the athlete. ... While courts have generally not recognized a proprietary interest in extracurricular athletic participation, one athlete, swimmer Joscelin Yeo, sought protection of her interest in playing time based on a reputational interest she had achieved through prior competition. ... Therefore, it seems possible that there may be a viable cause of action against a coach and school for limiting a student-athlete's playing time if it can be established that the student-athlete had a valuable athletic reputation. ... " The rise in complaints that Ferraro has seen may be attributed to the rise in compensation given to athletes in the form of athletic scholarships (as educational costs rise), professional athlete salaries, and the possibilities for extra-sport income once professional status is obtained (i.e. product endorsement), generating pressure to achieve the prize. ...
Impact of Climate Change on Pollen and Respiratory Disease

A warming world will impact everyone and everything. The practice of allergic and respiratory disease will not be excepted. All the impacts will be impossible to anticipate. This review is intended to discuss significant factors related to individuals with allergic and respiratory disease. Recent findings include the increased growth of allergenic plants in response to higher carbon dioxide levels and warmer temperatures. This also contributes to the increased production of pollen as well as the appearance of allergenic species in new climactic areas. Stinging insects will extend their ranges into northern areas where they have not previously been a problem. The shift and extension of pollen seasons with warmer springs and later frosts have already been observed. Recent severe hurricanes and flooding events may be just the harbinger of increasing damp housing exposure related to sea level rise. Evidence is accumulating that indicates the expected higher number of ozone alert days and increased pollution in populated areas is bringing increases in pollen potency. Finally, increased exposure to smoke and particles from wild fires, resulting from heat waves, will contribute to the general increase in respiratory disease. The practice of allergy being closely aligned with environmental conditions will be especially impacted. Allergists should consider increasing educational activities aimed at making patients more aware of air quality conditions.
The preregistration revolution needs to distinguish between predictions and analyses.

Nosek et al. (1) recently joined others in advocating for “widespread adoption of preregistration” as a tool for advancing science. The language they use in making this important argument, however, creates unnecessary confusion: Like many others discussing these issues, they seem to conflate the goal of theory falsification with the goal of constraining type I error. This masks a crucial distinction between two types of preregistration: preregistering a theoretical, a priori, directional prediction (which serves to clarify how a hypothesis is constructed) and preregistering an analysis plan (which serves to clarify how evidence is produced). Indeed, philosophers of science have identified elements of both how a hypothesis is constructed and how evidence is … [↵][1]1Email: aledgerwood{at}ucdavis.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Transposase mapping identifies the genomic targets of BAP1 in uveal melanoma.

BAP1 is a histone deubiquitinase that acts as a tumor and metastasis suppressor associated with disease progression in human cancer. We have used the “Calling Card System” of transposase-directed transposon insertion mapping to identify the genomic targets of BAP1 in uveal melanoma (UM). This system was developed to identify the genomic loci visited by transcription factors that bind directly to DNA; our study is the first use of the system with a chromatin-remodeling factor that binds to histones but does not interact directly with DNA. The transposase piggyBac (PBase) was fused to BAP1 and expressed in OCM-1A UM cells. The insertion of transposons near BAP1 binding sites in UM cells were identified by genomic sequencing. We also examined RNA expression in the same OCM-1A UM cells after BAP1 depletion to identify BAP1 binding sites associated with BAP1-responsive genes. Sets of significant genes were analyzed for common pathways, transcription factor binding sites, and ability to identify molecular tumor classes. We found a strong correlation between multiple calling-card transposon insertions targeted by BAP1-PBase and BAP1-responsive expression of adjacent genes. BAP1-bound genomic loci showed narrow distributions of insertions and were near transcription start sites, consistent with recruitment of BAP1 to these sites by specific DNA-binding proteins. Sequence consensus analysis of BAP1-bound sites showed enrichment of motifs specific for YY1, NRF1 and Ets transcription factors, which have been shown to interact with BAP1 in other cell types. Further, a subset of the BAP1 genomic target genes was able to discriminate aggressive tumors in published gene expression data from primary UM tumors. The calling card methodology works equally well for chromatin regulatory factors that do not interact directly with DNA as for transcription factors. This technique has generated a new and expanded list of BAP1 targets in UM that provides important insight into metastasis pathways and identifies novel potential therapeutic targets.
Application-Based Translaryngeal Ultrasound for the Assessment of Vocal Fold Mobility in Children.

ObjectiveTo compare the evaluation of vocal fold mobility between flexible nasal laryngoscopy (FNL) and a handheld application-based translaryngeal ultrasound (TLUS) platform.Study DesignProspectiv...
Congenital Aortic Aneurysms

Congenital aortic aneurysms in the adult generally occur in patients with genetic abnormalities such as Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, or Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Another indication for valve-sparing aortic aneurysm repair is a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Surgical management of aortic root pathology in these patients is dependent on aortic leaflet competence, which determines whether a valve-sparing or valve-replacement strategy should be implemented. Aneurysms causing dissections that extend into the transverse arch and descending aorta necessitate a different strategy, which repairs the dissection and re-establishes unobstructed flow into the brachiocephalic arteries. This management scheme is referred to as “de-branching.”