cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions Observed Between Torus and Solenoid Superconducting Magnets at JLab

The Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade of Experimental End Station Hall B required a new detector system that would be more sensitive to forward going particles and able to handle higher luminosity. This new detector is CLAS12 and includes two superconducting iron-free magnets – a torus and an actively-shielded solenoid. The torus magnet consists of 6-trapezoidal racetrack-type coils while the solenoid is an actively shielded 5 T magnet. The torus and the solenoid are located in close proximity to one another and are surrounded by sensitive particle detectors. The torus and solenoid, operating at 3770 A and 2416 A respectively, were commissioned successfully and are operating normally. This paper presents observed electromagnetic interactions which include induced static mechanical loads and inductive coupling as well as a summary of some of the cryogenic interactions and how they are mitigated.
Results of a Single Arm Pilot Study of a Mobile Messaging Intervention for Hookah Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults.

Background:Hookah tobacco use is common among young adults. Unlike cigarette smoking, there is limited evidence on mobile (ie, mHealth) interventions to promote cessation.Objectives:This pilot stud...
Controller Development of an Asynchronous Microgrid Power Conditioning System (PCS) Converter Considering Grid Requirements

Asynchronous microgrid with PCS converter is a new microgrid concept with potentially better performance compared to conventional microgrid. In this paper, a PCS converter controller is designed and tested fully considering different grid requirements including different microgrid operation modes as well as normal and fault grid conditions. The controller architecture and functions are presented. The developed controller is tested on a scaled converter-based hardware test-bed.
Comparative Analysis of Facial Affect Detection Algorithms

There has been much research on facial affect detection, but many of them fall short on accurately identifying expressions, due to changes in illumination, occlusion, or noise in uncontrolled environments. Also, not much research has been conducted on implementing the algorithms using multiple datasets, varying the size of dataset and the dimension of each image in the dataset. Our ultimate goal is to develop an optimized algorithm that can be used for real-time affect detection in automated vehicles. To this end, in this study we implemented the facial affect detection algorithms with various datasets and conducted a comparative analysis of performance across the algorithms. The algorithms implemented in the study included a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in Tensorflow, FaceNet using Transfer Learning, and Capsule Network. Each of these algorithms was trained using the three datasets (FER2013, CK+, and Ohio) to get the predicted results. The Capsule Network showed the best detection accuracy (99.3%) with the CK+ dataset. Results are discussed with implications and future work.
Assessment of the properties of polycrystalline rock salt synthesized under nominally dry and wet conditions

Abstract Polycrystalline rock salt’s compression is a function of applied stresses, exposure duration to the applied stresses, ambient temperature, and water content. Rock salt’s compressional behavior under different conditions and its effects on the specimens’ mechanical properties have been investigated in the literature. However, the one-dimensional (1D) compression behavior of polycrystalline rock salt at various water contents and how the specimen’s compression at different water contents further affects its physical and mechanical properties are not fully understood yet. In this study, polycrystalline rock salt specimens were prepared under nominally dry and wet conditions and some of the dry and wet specimens were annealed after the preparation. The relationship between the porosity of the specimens and the logarithm of the applied axial stresses during the 1D compression was found to follow a linear relationship after reaching unique critical porosities of 32% and 37% for the dry and wet specimens, respectively. Unloading and reloading the specimens did not result in any major changes in the porosity of the specimens. The specimens compressed under wet condition showed an average final porosity of 2.6% compared to 6.9% for the dry specimens. The dry and wet specimens that were annealed after the compression exhibited a lower porosity in comparison to the dry and wet specimens, respectively. Unconfined compression experiments on the specimens showed dry and wet specimens possess averaged unconfined compressive strengths ( σ u ) of 64.3 and 16.2 MPa, respectively. Annealing decreased σ u of the dry specimens to 39.6 MPa and increased σ u of the wet specimens to 41 MPa.
OpenISS as a Near-Realtime Composable Broadcast Service for Performing Arts and Beyond

Open Illimitable Space System (OpenISS) is a suite of graphics and motion capture libraries and the poised open source core for Illimitable Space System v2 (ISSv2), which typically is deployed for multimodal interaction and provides a platform for artists to enhance their performance by leveraging modern day technology on stage. Recently, we extended the OpenISS by enabling SOAP and REST APIs, to make it more flexible and scalable architecture being available as a service for broadcasting over the Internet. We share our experience regarding turning a depth camera (Kinect) and OpenCV as services (both SOAP and REST) within the OpenISS framework. With such services, we are able to request images or even video frames with different effects applied to the same scene in near-real-time and rendered within end-users browsers or other clients that consume REST or SOAP APIs. This work is built as an application on top of various kinds of libraries and techniques included in OpenISS, such as OpenCV, freenect, fakenect, openFrameworks as components.
Accounting for Biases in the Estimation of Neuronal Signal Correlation.

Signal correlation (rs) is commonly defined as the correlation between the tuning curves of two neurons and is widely used as a metric of tuning similarity. It is fundamental to how populations of neurons represent stimuli and has been central to many studies of neural coding. Yet the classic estimate, Pearson9s correlation coefficient, r s , between the average responses of two neurons to a set of stimuli suffers from confounding biases. The estimate r s can be downwardly biased by trial-to-trial variability and also upwardly biased by trial-to-trial correlation between neurons, and these biases can hide important aspects of neural coding. Here we provide analytic results on the source of these biases and explore them for ranges of parameters that are relevant for electrophysiological experiments. We then provide corrections for these biases that we validate in simulation. Furthermore, we apply these corrected estimators to make the following novel experimental observation in cortical area MT: pairs of nearby neurons that are strongly tuned for motion direction tend to have high signal correlation, and pairs that are weakly tuned tend to have low signal correlation. We dismiss a trivial explanation for this and find that an analogous trend holds for orientation tuning in the primary visual cortex. We also consider the potential consequences for encoding whereby the association of signal correlation and tuning strength naturally regularizes the dimensionality of downstream computations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fundamental to how cortical neurons encode information about the environment is their functional similarity, that is, the redundancy in what they encode and their shared noise. These properties have been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally throughout the nervous system, but here we show that a common estimator of functional similarity has confounding biases. We characterize these biases and provide estimators that do not suffer from them. Using our improved estimators, we demonstrate a novel result, that is, there is a positive relationship between tuning curve similarity and amplitude for nearby neurons in the visual cortical motion area MT. We provide a simple stochastic model explaining this relationship and discuss how it would naturally regularize the dimensionality of neural encoding.
Complete endoscopic removal of an eroded magnetic sphincter augmentation device

Video 1Technique for complete endoscopic removal of the eroded and migrated LINX device using the Ovesco DC current retrieval system.
Ocular adverse events following intravitreal brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration at a single tertiary care center.

Purpose To determine the incidence of ocular adverse effects (AEs) following brolucizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration at a tertiary academic institution. Design Retrospective, single center cohort study. Participants All patients who received an intravitreal injection of brolucizumab 6 mg for neovascular age-related macular degeneration between October 7, 2019 and July 31, 2020. Methods Medical records of all patients who received brolucizumab 6 mg during the aforementioned time period were carefully reviewed and all ocular adverse effects after injection were charted. Main outcome measures Incidence of post-injection ocular AEs, including intraocular inflammation (IOI), and time to development of AEs after injection. Results A total of 77 patients received brolucizumab 6 mg for a total of 115 administrations during the study period. There were 4 AEs (3.5%), including three cases of IOI (2.6%), one central retinal artery occlusion, and one retinal detachment. Two men and two women were affected. Conclusion Ocular AEs, including those leading to severe vision loss, may develop after intravitreal brolucizumab 6 mg. A careful discussion of benefits and risks to brolucizumab should be conducted with all patients. Precis In this first case series of ocular adverse effects after brolucizumab 6 mg injection at a single tertiary care center, the incidence of ocular adverse effects was 3.5%, including a 2.6% incidence of intraocular inflammation.
By the People, for the People: Interrogating the Education-Policy-by-Ballot-Initiative Phenomenon

INTRODUCTION If President Abraham Lincoln was right, and democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people, then how should democratic citizens handle situations where the methods of direct democracy serve only certain people’s interests? More specifically, are direct democratic ballot initiatives a just way to make education policy, especially when the policies disproportionately affect members of underrepresented groups? These are the broad questions I take up in this essay, which I will address by focusing on education policy that primarily affects educational opportunities.
Political empowerment, local—central state relations, and geographically shifting political opportunity structures: Strategies of the Cambridge, Massachusetts, Peace Movement

Abstract Political empowerment requires inclusion in democratic decision-making processes. In many contexts, this means gaining a voice within the local and/or central state. Drawing on a modified version of Tarrow's political process model, the present research investigates the manner in which changing political opportunities at the central and local state levels have affected the nature and scale of focus of peace movement mobilization in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Geographical and temporal variations in struggles for state control are clearly evident. Peace movement campaigns have, at times, been directed at the central state; at other times the peace movement has exercised considerable influence in local states. The severity of grievances, the interaction of local and national political opportunity structures, and economic ramifications have been crucial to the success or failure of specific campaigns.
Natriuresis and vascular tone in toxemia of pregnancy

E v E N though the signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are well known, the etiology and exact pathophysiology remain obscure. Through meticulous prenatal and puerperal care by controlling the early manifestations of the disease, much has been accomplished in preventing the severe degrees of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It seems well established through studies of the bulbar conjunctivae,r retinal vessels,2. 3 nail beds,‘, B autopsy findings,6, 7 and physiologic measurements of renal,8-10 cerebral,lls I2 uterine,l” and hepatic14 blood flows that generalized vasoconstriction is invariably present in pre-eclampsia-eclampsia. It is also well known that abnormalities of the water and electrolyte metabolism play an important part in the development and course of the disease.l”-” The occurrence of abnormal weight gain and the appearance of edema comprise the two common early signs of abnormal physiology. Whether abnormal water and electrolyte metabolism and the vasoconstriction in toxemia of pregnancy occur independently or represent similar influences is not yet known. Regardless of the mechanism involved, it does seem well established that generalized vasoconstriction and abnormali1it.s of water and electrolyte metabolism are
A Different Take on the FLP Valuation Game

The article takes a look at Strangi, Byrum, Eisenberg, and Smith and suggests a "different take on the FLP valuation game."
Low-Frequency Noise and Random Telegraph Noise on Near-Ballistic III-V MOSFETs

In this paper, we report the observation of random telegraph noise (RTN) in highly scaled InGaAs gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs fabricated by a top-down approach. RTN and low-frequency noise were systematically studied for devices with various gate dielectrics, channel lengths, and nanowire diameters. Mobility fluctuation is identified to be the source of 1/f noise. The 1/f noise was found to decrease as the channel length scaled down from 80 to 20 nm comparing with classical theory, indicating the near-ballistic transport in highly scaled InGaAs GAA MOSFET. Low-frequency noise in ballistic transistors is discussed theoretically.
Hybrid supervisory utilization control of real-time systems

Feedback control real-time scheduling (FCS) aims at satisfying performance specifications of real-time systems based on adaptive resource management. Existing FCS algorithms often rely on the existence of continuous control variables in real-time systems. A number of real-time systems, however, support only a finite set of discrete configurations that limit the adaptation mechanisms. This paper presents hybrid supervisory utilization control (HySUCON) for scheduling such real-time systems. HySUCON enforces processor utilization bounds by managing the switchings between the discrete configurations. Our approach is based on a best-first-search algorithm that is invoked only if reconfiguration is necessary. Theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that the approach leads to robust utilization bounds for varying execution times. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm performance for a representative application scenario.
Treating patients with postoperative stress urinary incontinence.

To the Editor: Allow me to preface my remarks with a speculation that I am the only member of the CUA whose practice has been severely hampered due to the destruction from Hurricane Ike. (I joined the faculty of the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Tex, just before the storm.) In any case, I enjoyed the articles concerning the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence postprostatectomy published in a recent issue of CUAJ.1,2 I think we can learn much from the experience with female urology and slings. Before the development of relatively loose suburethral Prolene slings, sling surgery was fraught with problems, including the adjustment of sling tension. The Burch, Marshall–Marchetti and bladder neck suspensions have problems as well, with the Burch suspension being accepted as the gold standard. The main problem with the new slings was mainly adjusting the tension, but the results have basically been good. In addition, it is possible to visualize the sling postoperatively for any problems, for example, with looseness. Translating this to male patients, slings are primarily for poor support, although slings can work for intrinsic sphincter deficiency. However, we don’t currently have the tools to identify poor support. We need assistance from our imaging colleagues in the same way we can now image female pelvic floor prolapse and dysfunction. The problem isn’t large volume loss versus less volume loss, so much as understanding the mechanism of incontinence. Theoretically, poor support should respond to a relatively loose sling (without bone anchors.) We don’t know without adequate studies if slings or the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) are better for postprostatectomy incontinence related to a neurovascular etiology. But, to add to the controversy, I have an anecdotal case with a very short follow-up to emphasize our lack of knowledge. The patient was a senior citizen whose only sequalae from a stroke 20 years ago had been total urinary incontinence. He had an unremarkable prostate and prostate-specific antigen level, and no response to medications or conservative management such as pelvic exercises. After placement of a loose nonanchored sling sub-bulbous urethra, the patient was totally dry for 2 months. (The catheter was removed 24 hr after the operation.) I encourage more research and scientific study for better results for our patients, but I suspect the AUS will go the way of the Marshall–Marchetti because sustained constriction of the urethra is unphysiological. Furthermore, as patients age and move, they can end up in communities with physicians lacking the skills to deal with AUS problems.
HOST AND LOCALITY RECORDS OF THE FISH ECTOPARASITE, ARGULUS (BRANCHIURA), FROM OHIO (U.S.A.)

Argulus flavescens and A. appendiculosus were collected from five fish species in two major Ohio river basins during August-October, 1994. The golden redhorse, Moxostoma erythrurum, is a new host record for Argulus. The 1994 records as well as past host and distribution records of Argulus in Ohio and Lake Erie (U.S. and Canadian waters) have been compiled. Six species, A. flavescens, A. appendiculosus, A. lepidostei, A. stizostethii, A. americanus, and A. catostomi have been recorded from 15 Ohio fish species.
Temperature reduction for data center at low cost

This field study describes a hot aisle containment (HAC) system for a data center was built in a short amount of time with limited skill, materials and budget. This was done that the air being drawn into the servers and then exhausted out would not be able to mix with the chilled air before being taken to the air return. Thus, the room reaching near 26.5°C (80°F) making the room an uncomfortable work environment. The results show after the HAC was built, a decrease in room temperature dropped by 7% within minutes and within three days temperature decreased by 17%.
Thiopurine Drugs Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine Inhibit Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Growth In Vitro

The in vitro susceptibility of human- and bovine-origin Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to the thioupurine drugs 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA) was established using conventional plate counting methods and the MGIT 960 ParaTB culture system. Both 6-MP and AZA had antibacterial activity against M. paratuberculosis; isolates from Crohn's disease patients tended to be more susceptible than were bovine-origin isolates. Isolates of Mycobacterium avium, used as controls, were generally resistant to both AZA and 6-MP, even at high concentrations (≥64.0 μg/ml). Among rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium phlei was susceptible to 6-MP and AZA whereas Mycobacterium smegmatis strains were not. AZA and 6-MP limited the growth of, but did not kill, M. paratuberculosis in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-inflammatory drugs in the sulfonamide family (sulfapyridine, sulfasalazine, and 5-aminosalycilic acid [mesalamine]) had little or no antibacterial activity against M. paratuberculosis. The conventional antibiotics azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, used as control drugs, were bactericidal for M. paratuberculosis, exerting their killing effects on the organism relatively quickly. Simultaneous exposure of M. paratuberculosis to 6-MP and ciprofloxacin resulted in significantly higher CFU than use of ciprofloxacin alone. These data may partially explain the paradoxical response of Crohn's disease patients infected with M. paratuberculosis to treatment with immunosuppressive thiopurine drugs, i.e., they do not worsen with anti-inflammatory treatment as would be expected with a microbiological etiologic pathogen. These findings also should influence the design of therapeutic trials to evaluate antibiotic treatments of Crohn's disease: AZA drugs may confound interpretation of data on therapeutic responses for both antibiotic-treated and control groups.
Adsorption of cyclohexane and benzene on ordered tin/platinum (111) surface alloys

Cyclohexane conversion to benzene over bimetallic Pt catalysts is an important prototypical reaction for fundamental studies of selective catalytic dehydrogenation catalysis. We have studied the adsorption and dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and benzene on Pt(111) and two ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and sticking coefficient measurements. Vapor-depositing Sn on the Pt(111) surface and annealing gives a (2×2) or (√3×√3)R30 o LEED pattern, producing well-defined surfaces identified as the (111) face of Pt 3 Sn and a substitutional alloy of composition Pt 2 Sn
Aortoiliac aneurysm repair in kidney transplant recipients.

A potential problem during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) or open repair in renal allograft patients is ischemia of the transplanted kidney. In this study, kidney transplant patients who underwent aortic aneurysm repair in our institution were added to similar cases extracted from the literature to represent the basis of this work. Comparisons between patients treated with open surgery versus EVAR were performed in terms of renal function. In the EVAR group, most aneurysms were infrarenal, and 84% were treated with modular bifurcated devices. Protective kidney allograft perfusion measures were not used. The pre- and postoperative Cr was 1.69 and 1.73 mg/dL, respectively (P = .412). All EVAR patients had good outcomes. Complications included 8 endoleaks and 1 limb ischemia case. Three patients died from aortic repair-unrelated reasons. In the open group, the pre-and postoperative Cr was 1.45 and 1.37 mg/dL, respectively (P = .055). Most cases were infrarenal and mostly treated by aortobiiliac b...
Filters for use in pulse-area sensing systems

Abstract Variation of the charge collection time degrades the resolution of both peak-amplitude and pulse-area measuring systems. However, the specific amount of degradation depends upon the particular measuring system used and upon the filter network chosen. The results discussed in an earlier paper are used in this study to demonstrate the existance of a general class of filter networks suitable for area sensing. The specific magnitude of resolution error for evaluating practical systems employing single RC differentiation and RC-CR filters is available from the included graphs. A comparison between peak-amplitude and pulse-area sensing techniques based upon equal resolution errors is included for the RC, RC-CR, and delay-line filters. This comparison demonstrates the superiority of particular filters for pulse shaping within various range of collection times and filter time constants.
The 5'-ends of the DNA of defective bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis.

The bacterial DNA packaged into defective phage particles upon induction by mitomyein C of Bacillus subtilis was examined for 5′-termini and the presence of protruding single-stranded ends. It was found that in the case of phages PBSX and PBSY DNA the two 5′-termini were dGMP and dTMP while PBSZ DNA possessed predominantly dAMP and dTMP. PBSX DNA did not have significant protruding single-stranded regions either at the 3′- or 5′-end of the molecule.
The additivity of rate and diffusion phenomena in continuous chromatography

Abstract By considering a finite rate of exchange between the mobile and stationary phases as a perturbation on equilibrium theory, it has been possible to arrive at conditions for the additivity and diffusion phenomena in continuous chromatography. The resulting diffusion equation and its solution for a pulse input provide an alternative method to the plate theory for the treatment of experimental chromatography data.
Moderate deformations in extension-torsion of incompressible isotropic elastic materials

Abstract It has been previously shown by anand (1979) that the classical strain energy function of infinitesimal isotropic elasticity is in good agreement with experiment for a wide class of materials for moderately large deformations, provided the infinitesimal strain measure occurring in the strain energy function is replaced by the Hencky or logarithmic measure of finite strain. The basis in Anand's paper for relating Hencky's strain energy function to experiment was data from experiments on metals and rubbers in uniaxial strain, simple tension and compression, and pure shear. Here, to test further the validity of this strain energy function for moderate deformations, its predictions for the twisting moment and the axial force in simple torsion and combined extension-torsion of solid cylinders of incompressible materials are calculated and shown to be in good agreement with data from the classical experiments of R ivlin and S aunders (1951) on vulcanized natural rubber. Indeed, the predictions from Hencky's strain energy function are in better accord with experiment than the predictions from the widely used Mooney (or Mooney-Rivlin) strain energy function.
iSchools and archival studies

Whispers and rumors about the iSchool movement lead some to fear that this represents yet another shift away from the valued traditions of library schools, threatening something far different than what library science pioneers ever envisioned. Predating the iSchool movement, however, were other programmatic shifts such as those that led to the formalization of graduate archival education. This essay argues that such evolution is essential to our future, as iSchools tackle the increasingly complex issues confronting a digital society. We consider the mission and history of iSchools and of archival studies, the basic elements and concepts of archival studies that are critical to iSchools, and the relationship between iSchools and the changing nature of personal and institutional archives.
Evaluation of narcotic analgetic activity using a cat tail-flick procedure

Abstract A classical narcotic analgetic testing procedure, the thermal-induced rat tail-flick, has been adapted for utilization in cats. The feline tail-flick method is simple to perform and is a sensitive, specific, and reproducible test for evaluation of narcotic analgetic activity. It is readily applicable to chronic investigations in this species.
Targeting and fusion in vesicular transport

Vesicular transport of proteins and lipids between distinct subcellular compartments is directly responsible for generating and maintaining the structure of the organelles of the secretory and endocytic pathways in eukaryotic cells. Rapid advances in a variety of experimental systems have resulted in the identification of molecules involved in late steps of the transport process. This article presents a general paradigm for vesicular fusion and reviews the available experimental evidence.
The effect of built-up edge on the cutting vibrations in machining 2024-T351 aluminum alloy

Modern advanced machining processes often require the automatic monitoring of tool condition and machining performance, such as the cutting vibrations and chatter, the cutting forces, tool wear, the machined surface quality, and built-up edge (BUE). The BUE is often generated on the tool rake face in machining ductile metals and alloys at low to moderate cutting speeds. The previous research focused on the effects of the BUE on the cutting forces, tool wear, the machined surface roughness, and so on. The present study closes the research gap by establishing a quantitative relationship between BUE formation and cutting vibrations. A set of cutting experiments covering a wide range of cutting conditions was performed on an aluminum alloy commonly used in many industries. The vibration signals generated from machining were analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The results show that there exist three distinct BUE regions that are characterized by different patterns of cutting vibrations. The vibration amplitude is influenced by the cutting speed, the feed rate, and their interaction. It is proposed and shown that kurtosis, a statistical tool, can be used to distinguish between “steady” and “unsteady” BUE formation that is associated with different patterns of cutting vibrations. It is also shown that the frequency analysis using spectra provides more insights into various frequency components.
Improving the Resolution of Climate Models to Address Regional Climate Change: Simulating the Spatial‐Temporal Patterns of Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Workshop in the Bridging Disciplines, Bridging Scale Series; Santa Fe, New Mexico, 20–22 July 2009

For decades, general circulation models (GCMs) have been one of the primary tools used to understand anthropogenic climate change. Now GCMs are faced with a substantially more complicated task: to provide information of sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to support policy initiatives that will address regional climate change. Different approaches are being developed and used to provide this information, including dynamic downscaling with limited area models (LAMs); high-resolution GCMs with quasi-uniform and variable-resolution grids; and statistical downscaling of limited area and global simulations. At a workshop in New Mexico, participants discussed each method's strengths and limitations as well as associated uncertainty.
Coronary flow velocity dynamics in normal and diseased arteries

Abstract Distal coronary flow velocity measurements were previously limited to open heart or experimental procedures. Unlike previous Doppler catheter techniques, a Doppler angioplasty flow wire permits flow velocity measurements in both the proximal and distal segments of normal and diseased coronary arteries. In order to determine the potential clinical application of the Doppler flow wire, we performed baseline and hyperemia flow velocity measurements in proximal and distal segments of 20 angiographically normal arteries (right coronary = 8; left circumflex = 7; left anterior descending = 5) and 29 significantly stenosed arteries. All 3 normal coronary arteries had a diastolic-predominant pattern in both proximal and distal segments; the right coronary artery showed significantly toss diastolic predominance. The coronary vasodilator reserve was similar in all three normal coronary arteries, and in the proximal and distal arterial segments. Abnormal arteries had significantly tower coronary vasodilator reserve (normal vs abnormal, 2.3 ± 0.8/ 1.6 ± 0.7; p
Cooling of a Slab With Thermal Contraction and Progressive Loss of Contact With a Cold Surface

Analyse numerique du refroidissement d'une plaque epaisse initialement en contact parfait avec deux parois froides, le contact etant rompu ensuite avec l'une des parois par suite du retrait de la plaque
On Availability-Performability Tradeoff in Wireless Mesh Networks

It is understood from past decade of research that a wireless multi-hop network can achieve maximum network throughput only when its nodes operate at a minimum common transmission power level that ensures network connectivity (availability). This point of optimality where maximum availability and throughput is guaranteed in an interference-optimal network has been the basis of numerous design problems in wireless networks. In this paper, we claim that when performability (availability weighted performance) is considered as opposed to average case throughput performance, there does not exist a transmission power (or node density) that can maximize both availability and performability. Since the current mesh networks are expected to deliver carrier-grade services to its users, the availability-performability tradeoff presented in this paper holds a special importance. While availability metric is a necessary one for any networking system intended to provide continuous service, past research [1] has shown a strong correlation between performability and quality of user experience in case of wireless networks. The contributions of the paper are as follows: (1) We first define availability and performability in the context of wireless mesh networks, and then develop efficient algorithms on the basis of intelligent state sampling that can calculate both the quantities with reasonable accuracy. (2) We apply the evaluation methods to two existing mesh networks (GoogleWiFi [2] and PoncaCityMesh [3] ) to demonstrate that their current design can not guarantee a reasonable level of availability or performability. (3) Using hundreds of hours of simulations, we analyze the impact of two basic deployment factors (node density and transmission power) on availability and performability. We outline numerous novel results that emerge due to joint availability-performability analysis including the observation about availability-performability tradeoff.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency retards diabetic nephropathy

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency retards diabetic nephropathy. Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is increased in kidneys of humans and animals with diabetic nephropathy and is associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. PAI-1 may promote ECM buildup by preventing plasmin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. However, the importance and mechanism of PAI-1 action in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is unknown. Methods We investigated the effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in wild-type (PAI-1 +/+ ) mice and mice null for PAI-1 (PAI-1 −/− ). After 1 month of diabetes, animals were placed in metabolic cages for 24-hour urine collection. Total RNA was isolated from kidney cortex for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis, and Western blots were quantitated from cortical protein. Primary mesangial cells were grown from Sprague-Dawley rats and used in signal transduction studies. Results Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in diabetic PAI-1 +/+ mice increased >threefold, but remained unchanged in PAI-1 −/− mice. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibronectin message and protein levels were lower in diabetic PAI-1 −/− vs. PAI-1 +/+ mice, suggesting that PAI-1 deficiency impaired TGF-β expression despite diabetes. Indeed, recombinant PAI-1 directly stimulated TGF-β message and protein via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction in cultured mesangial cells. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibited this PAI-1 action in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of antibody to uPA receptor (uPAR) on PAI-1–induced TGF-β function suggested that uPAR mediated the cellular effect of PAI-1. Conclusion PAI-1 can regulate TGF-β expression by binding to uPAR and activating the extracellular-regulated signal kinase (ERK)/MAPK pathway. Therefore, PAI-1 contributes to diabetic nephropathy by regulating TGF-β and renal ECM production and may be a therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.
Of the Search for Original Intent: Curtis on the Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights

Michael Curtis's new study of the intent of the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment is important and opportune. Important because it is the most thorough study on this subject to date. Curtis has reread and carefully evaluated more original materials than anyone else. He makes it clear beyond doubt that the framers did intend that the Bill of Rights (more specifically, the first eight amendments) restrict the states, as well as the federal government. Opportune because Attorney General Edwin Meese, President Reagan, some columnists, candidates, and others have called for a "Jurisprudence of Original Intent." This in their view would reverse many, if not all, of the landmark decisions of the Supreme Court since 1931, and would free the states from the strictures of the Bill of Rights. Curtis's manuscript went to press before he received the text of the Attorney General's major address to the American Bar Association in July 1985. But William Van Alstyne's Foreword to Curtis's book aptly describes the Meese attack on the doctrine of incorporation-the doctrine that holds ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 put an end to the dispute about whether the states were exempt from the Bill of Rights. Curtis's book is, as Van Alstyne says, "the most powerful response to
Experimental synthesis and phase relations of phengitic muscovite from 6.5 to 11 GPa in a calcareous metapelite from the Dabie Mountains, China

The stability and phase relations of phengitic muscovite in a metapelitic bulk composition containing a mixed H2O+CO2 fluid were investigated at 6.5–11 GPa, 750–1050°C in synthesis experiments performed in a multianvil apparatus. Starting material consisted of a natural calcareous metapelite from the coesite zone of the Dabie Mountains, China, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex that had experienced peak metamorphic pressures greater than 3 GPa. The sample contains a total of 2.1 wt.% H2O and 6.3 wt.% CO2 bound in hydrous and carbonate minerals. No additional fluid was added to the starting material. Phengite is stable in this bulk composition from 6.5 to 9 GPa at 900°C and coexists with an eclogitic phase assemblage consisting of garnet, omphacite, coesite, rutile, and fluid. Phengite dehydrates to produce K-hollandite between 8 and 11 GPa, 750–900°C. Phengite melting/dissolution occurs between 900°C and 975°C at 6.5–8 GPa and is associated with the appearance of kyanite in the phase assemblage. The formation of K-hollandite is accompanied by the appearance of magnesite and topaz-OH in the phase assemblage as well as by significant increases in the grossular content of garnet (average Xgrs=0.52, Xpy=0.19) and the jadeite content of omphacite (Xjd=0.92). Mass balance indicates that the volatile content of the fluid phase changes markedly at the phengite/K-hollandite phase boundary. At P≤8 GPa, fluid coexisting with phengite appears to be relatively CO2-rich (XCO2/XH2O=2.2), whereas fluid coexisting with K-hollandite and magnesite at 11 GPa is rich in H2O (XCO2/XH2O=0.2). Analysis of quench material and mass balance calculations indicate that fluids at all pressures and temperatures examined contain an abundance of dissolved solutes (approximately 40 mol% at 8 GPa, 60 mol% at 11 GPa) that act to dilute the volatile content of the fluid phase. The average phengite content of muscovite is positively correlated with pressure and ranges from 3.62 Si per formula unit (pfu) at 6.5 GPa to 3.80 Si pfu at 9 GPa. The extent of the phengite substitution in muscovite in this bulk composition appears to be limited to a maximum of 3.80–3.85 Si pfu at P=9 GPa. These experiments show that phengite should be stable in metasediments in mature subduction zones to depths of up to 300 km even under conditions in which aH2O≪1. Other high-pressure hydrous phases such as lawsonite, MgMgAl-pumpellyite, and topaz-OH that may form in subducted sediments do not occur within the phengite stability field in this system, and may require more H2O-rich fluid compositions in order to form. The wide range of conditions under which phengite occurs and its participation in mixed volatile reactions that may buffer the composition of the fluid phase suggest that phengite may significantly influence the nature of metasomatic fluids released from deeply subducted sediments at depths of up to 300 km at convergent plate boundaries.
Scaling analysis of critical behavior in ferromagnetic Fe[S2CN(C2H5)2]2Cl

Abstract Magnetization isotherms for the title system are coincident for T>Tc when the scaled magnetic field is plotted agains the scaled magnetization, with Tc=(2.458±0.002) K, β=0.24±0.01 and δ=5.65±0.15. β agrees with a previous determination, while δ is consistent with β and a previous value of γ via a scaling relation. Yet each exponent differs from theoretical Ising model values.
Preterm birth, a known risk factor for infant and childhood death, is an independent risk factor for mortality in early childhood and young adulthood

Commentary on: C Crump, K Sundquist, J Sundquist, et al.. Gestational age at birth and mortality in young adulthood.JAMA2011;306:1233–40.
An amperometric glucose sensor with modified Langmuir–Blodgett films

An output current of an amperometric glucose sensor was controlled by modifying the electric charge at a head group and the number of deposited layers of Langmuir–Blodgett films. The output current was enhanced by using a positively charged LB film, because the zeta-potential of glucose oxidase was negative in preparing condition. The response increased proportionally to the number of deposited layers from 4 to 8. The current signal of a 16-layer sensor, however, was lower than that of the 8-layer one. Glucose diffusion was suppressed by the densely packed LB films. The glucose concentration was measured up to 50 mM.
In vivo metabolism of topically applied retinol and all-trans retinoic acid by the rabbit cornea

Corneas of normal and vitamin A-deficient rabbits were treated topically with [11, 12-3H] retinol or [11, 12-3H] all-trans retinoic acid. Methanol extracts of these corneas were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Radiolabeled compounds were extracted from the corneas which co-migrated chromatographically with known retinoid standards. In agreement with studies on other tissues and organs, retinol was metabolized to retinoic acid and more polar compounds by corneas of normal and vitamin A-deficient rabbits. All-trans retinoic acid was isomerized to 13-cis retinoic acid in normal rabbit corneas; however, this trans-cis isomerization did not occur in vitamin A-deficient, xerophthalmic corneas.
Understanding disk failure rates: What does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean to you?

Component failure in large-scale IT installations is becoming an ever-larger problem as the number of components in a single cluster approaches a million.This article is an extension of our previous study on disk failures [Schroeder and Gibson 2007] and presents and analyzes field-gathered disk replacement data from a number of large production systems, including high-performance computing sites and internet services sites. More than 110,000 disks are covered by this data, some for an entire lifetime of five years. The data includes drives with SCSI and FC, as well as SATA interfaces. The mean time-to-failure (MTTF) of those drives, as specified in their datasheets, ranges from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 hours, suggesting a nominal annual failure rate of at most 0.88p.We find that in the field, annual disk replacement rates typically exceed 1p, with 2--4p common and up to 13p observed on some systems. This suggests that field replacement is a fairly different process than one might predict based on datasheet MTTF.We also find evidence, based on records of disk replacements in the field, that failure rate is not constant with age, and that rather than a significant infant mortality effect, we see a significant early onset of wear-out degradation. In other words, the replacement rates in our data grew constantly with age, an effect often assumed not to set in until after a nominal lifetime of 5 years.Interestingly, we observe little difference in replacement rates between SCSI, FC, and SATA drives, potentially an indication that disk-independent factors such as operating conditions affect replacement rates more than component-specific ones. On the other hand, we see only one instance of a customer rejecting an entire population of disks as a bad batch, in this case because of media error rates, and this instance involved SATA disks.Time between replacement, a proxy for time between failure, is not well modeled by an exponential distribution and exhibits significant levels of correlation, including autocorrelation and long-range dependence.
Particle Sizing by Dynamic Light Scattering: Noise and distortion in correlation data

Two undesirable effects occur in particle sizing by dynamic light scattering; statistical noise, and distortion of correlation data. Statistical noise in the correlation data, caused by estimating the autocorrelation of scattered laser light by a time average, leads to non-physical artifacts in the resulting linewidth distribution. These may be removed by regularization, computer modeling, or other techniques. The regularized kernel function for inverting the Laplace transform is calculated, and used to illustrate the problem of noise. Correct choice of the regularization parameter gives the minimum overall error. It is found that excessive error occurs unless the linewidth distribution is modeled over a finite range. Analytical models for the linewidth with finite range, based on the beta distribution of probability theory, are given. Distortion of correlation data may occur in three ways, through a focused or otherwise nonuniform laser beam in the optical system, by insufficient bit resolution in the quantized detection of scattered laser light, or by calculating a first order field autocorrelation from a second order intensity autocorrelation. Unlike noise, distortion cannot be removed by any known methods, since the exact nature of the distortion is unknown. Several examples illustrate how distortion can lead to artifacts in the linewidth distribution which could easily be misinterpreted as segments of a size distribution, not present in the physical sample.
Multiple-soliton solutions for the fifth order Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon (CDG) equation

Abstract In this work we use the Hirota’s direct method combined with the simplified Hereman method to determine the N -soliton solutions for the fifth order Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon (CDG) equation. The one-soliton solution will be handled by the tanh–coth method. The work highlights the significant features of the employed methods.
Effects of social manipulations and environmental enrichment on behavior and cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques

This paper reviews a series of studies that have examined the effects of manipulations to the social and the inanimate environments on the behavior and cell-mediated immune responses of rhesus macaques of various ages living in different settings. In general, enrichment of the inanimate environment with toys, structures, foraging devices, and/or videotapes increased the amount of species-typical behavior expressed by the monkeys, but did not affect their immune responses. Housing monkeys socially, on the other hand, not only resulted in increased time spent in species-typical activities, but also resulted in (1) decreases in time spent in abnormal behavior and (2) changes in a number of immune parameters. Additionally, attempts to directly influence the affiliative interactions of socially housed adult rhesus have resulted in systematic changes in affiliative behavior, although anticipated accompanying systematic alterations to cell-mediated immune responses have yet to be realized. The data suggest that aspects of the physical and social environments influence behavioral and immunological parameters in captive macaques in the absence of other experimental manipulations. As such, these influences need to be appropriately managed and/or controlled in order to minimize potential confounds in experimental designs.