cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endwall Loss Reduction of High Lift Low Pressure Turbine Airfoils Using Profile Contouring: Part I — Airfoil Design

The hypothesis, posed in Part I [1], that excessive endwall loss of high lift low pressure turbine (LPT) airfoils is due to the influence of high stagger angles on the endwall pressure distribution and not front-loading is evaluated in a linear cascade at Re = 100,000 using both experimental and computational studies. A nominally high lift and high stagger angle front-loaded profile (L2F) with aspect ratio 3.5 is contoured at the endwall to reduce the stagger angle while maintaining the front loading. The contouring process effectively generates a fillet at the endwall, so the resulting airfoil is referred to as L2F-EF (Endwall Fillet). Although referred to as a fillet, this profile contouring process is novel in that it is designed to isolate the effect of stagger angle on endwall loss. Total pressure loss measurements downstream of the blade row indicate that the use of the lower stagger angle at the endwall reduces mixed out mass averaged endwall and passage losses approximately 23% and 10% respectively. This is in good agreement with computational results used to design the contour which predict 18% and 7% loss reductions. The endwall flow field of the L2F and L2F-EF models is measured using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) in the passage. These data are used to quantify changes in the endwall flow field due to the contouring. PIV results show that this loss reduction is characterized by reduced inlet boundary layer separation as well as a change in strength and location of the suction side horseshoe vortex (SHV) and passage vortex (PV). The endwall profile contouring also produces a reduction in all terms of the Reynolds stress tensor consistent with a decrease in deformation work and overall flow unsteadiness. These results confirm that the stagger angle has a significant effect on high-lift front-loaded LPT endwall loss. Low stagger profiling is successful in reducing endwall loss by limiting the development and migration of the low momentum fluid associated with the SHV and PV interaction.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Orthogonal Alkynyl Amino Acid Reporter for Selective Labeling of Bacterial Proteomes during Infection

Bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to evade host defenses and cause disease. [1] The emergence of new and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens demands a better understanding of virulence mechanisms for antibacterial drug discovery. While the discovery of bacterial toxins, quorum sensing and protein secretion pathways has revealed some key virulence mechanisms, the precise mechanisms by which intracellular bacterial pathogens subvert host immune responses are still unclear. [1] The analysis of individual virulence factors has demonstrated that bacterial pathogens alter their protein expression to infect and replicate in host tissues. [2] However, the system-wide identification and analysis of bacterial proteins that are uniquely expressed or secreted during infection is paramount for understanding mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis. [2, 3] Comparative genomics and mutagenesis studies have revealed bacterial genes that are important for infection, but their precise biochemical mechanisms and temporal expression pattern can be elusive due to posttranscriptional regulation. [2, 3] Direct biochemical analysis of bacterial proteomes during infection is needed. [3] The large excess of host proteins in mixed pathogen-host lysates presents a significant challenge for proteomic analysis of bacterial proteins during infections [3] and even after physical isolation of intact bacteria significant amounts of host proteins still remain. [4, 5] This is particularly important since many bacterial virulence factors are often expressed at low levels. [2] New strategies are therefore required to selectively enrich bacterial proteins from host proteomes for their analysis during infection.
EduCloud: PaaS versus IaaS Cloud Usage for an Advanced Computer Science Course

The cloud has become a widely used term in academia and the industry. Education has not remained unaware of this trend, and several educational solutions based on cloud technologies are already in place, especially for software as a service cloud. However, an evaluation of the educational potential of infrastructure and platform clouds has not been explored yet. An evaluation of which type of cloud would be the most beneficial for students to learn, depending on the technical knowledge required for its usage, is missing. Here, the first systematic evaluation of different types of cloud technologies in an advanced course on network overlays with 84 students and four professors is presented. This evaluation tries to answer the question whether cloud technologies (and which specific type of cloud) can be useful in educational scenarios for computer science students by focusing students in the actual tasks at hand. This study demonstrates that platform clouds are valued by both students and professors to achieve the course objectives and that clouds offer a significant improvement over the previous situation in labs where much effort was devoted to setting up the software necessary for course activities. These results most strongly apply to courses in which students interact with resources that are non-self-contained (e.g., network nodes, databases, mechanical equipment, or the cloud itself), but could also apply to other science disciplines that involve programming or performing virtual experiments.
An augmented multiple model strategy for disturbance estimation and control

Classical model-based control strategies assume a single disturbance model. In practice, the type of disturbance is often unknown, can change with time, or multiple different disturbance types can occur simultaneously. In this paper a multiple model predictive control strategy is developed to handle different disturbances, including multiple disturbances occurring simultaneously. A detailed discussion of disturbance model bank generation, state estimation and disturbance model weighting is provided, and an unconstrained multiple model predictive control solution is formulated. Simulation results demonstrate successful estimation and control of single and multiple simultaneous disturbances.
Private landowner intent to supply woody feedstock for bioenergy production

Abstract In this research, we evaluated the intent of engaged private forest landowners to supply woody biomass for bioenergy production. The study was conducted in a U.S. state (Kentucky) where private individuals own a majority (78%) of the state's forest resources. Intent of family forest owners was measured using a mail-based survey. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior to model factors that affect landowner intention, and we tested the effect of educational materials on participates' reported intent. Two-thirds of respondents indicated that they intend to include energy wood in future harvests, but the educational material treatment did not affect intentions. Respondents' attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived control each had a significant effect on intent to harvest. No demographic or land ownership characteristics had an effect on behavioral intent. The only prior harvest activity that significantly increased intent was whether the subject had harvested pulpwood from their forest in the past. Respondents identified barriers that may prevent them from harvesting energy wood, providing forestry professionals with a list of challenges to overcome if supply is to be maximized. Lack of bioenergy markets and woodland access issues were the most frequently reported barriers.
Multiple envelope stress response pathways are activated in an Escherichia coli strain with mutations in two members of the deda membrane protein family

We have reported that simultaneous deletion of two Escherichia coli genes, yqjA and yghB, encoding related and conserved inner membrane proteins belonging to the DedA protein family results in a number of intriguing phenotypes, including temperature sensitivity at 42°C, altered membrane lipid composition, and cell division defects. We sought to characterize these and other phenotypes in an effort to establish a function for this protein family in E. coli. Here, using reporter assays, we show that the major envelope stress response pathways Cpx, Psp, Bae, and Rcs are activated in strain BC202 (W3110; ΔyqjA ΔyghB) at the permissive growth temperature of 30°C. We previously demonstrated that 10 mM Mg(2+), 400 mM NaCl, and overexpression of tatABC are capable of restoring normal growth to BC202 at elevated growth temperatures. Deletion of the cpxR gene from BC202 results in the loss of the ability of these supplements to restore growth at 42°C. Additionally, we report that the membrane potential of BC202 is significantly reduced and that cell division and growth can be restored either by expression of the multidrug transporter MdfA from a multicopy plasmid or by growth at pH 6.0. Together, these results suggest that the DedA family proteins YqjA and YghB are required for general envelope maintenance and homeostasis of the proton motive force under a variety of growth conditions.
Translation in Cancer at Hypoxia

Low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) promotes cancer evolution, tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Under hypoxic conditions cancer cells undergo genetic and adaptive changes in regulation of translation that facilitate production of proteins involved in tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Hence, the translation machinery in cancer cells exposed to low oxygen levels is a candidate therapeutic target. This chapter focuses at the role of hypoxia in cancer biology vis-a-vis translation and its regulation.
DiracQ: A Package for Algebraic Manipulation of Non-Commuting Quantum Variables

In several problems of quantum many body physics, one is required to handle complex expressions originating in the non-commutative nature of quantum operators. Their manipulation requires precise ordering and application of simplification rules. This can be cumbersome, tedious and error prone, and often a challenge to the most expert researcher. In this paper we present a software package DiracQ to facilitate such manipulations. The package DiracQ consists of functions based upon and extending considerably the symbolic capabilities of Mathematica . With DiracQ, one can proceed with large scale algebraic manipulations of expressions containing combinations of ordinary numbers or symbols (the c-numbers) and arbitrary sets of non-commuting variables (the q-numbers) with user defined properties. The DiracQ package is user extendable and comes encoded with the algebraic properties of several standard operators in popular usage. These include Fermionic and Bosonic creation and annihilation operators, spin operators, and canonical position and momentum operators. An example book is provided with some suggestive calculations of large-scale algebraic manipulations.
Progress in mesoscale science

The domain of mesoscale science, where the discrete granularity of atoms and quantization of energy give way to apparently continuous and infinitely divisible matter and energy, presents a new frontier of scientific opportunity and yields new complex architectures, phenomena, and functionalities. In this article, we describe some hallmarks of mesoscale science and highlight research directions that are described in greater detail in subsequent articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin. The exciting progress of the past several years and the rich unexplored opportunities at the mesoscale offer extraordinary prospects for future advances.
Leptin in Acute Stress

Leptin levels are dynamic during episodes of acute stress. Identifying patterns of change in leptin levels is made difficult by the fact that leptin exhibits a natural diurnal fluctuation and changes in leptin in response to stress and stress hormones are often species-dependent and weight status-dependent. Major stress responses involve sympathetic outflow and upregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and therefore the reciprocal effects between these systems and leptin have been studied. Leptin stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, while the sympathetic nervous system reduces leptin levels. Leptin and cortisol do not appear to influence levels of each other in humans, but in some studies glucocorticoids have induced increased leptin levels. Fasting is associated with a reduction in leptin levels, while insulin stimulates release of the hormone. Hypoglycemia, involving both increased insulin levels and an acute need for energy, blunts the insulin-induced rise in leptin or reduces leptin. While leptin is inconsistently affected by bouts of shorter duration exercise, prolonged endurance exercise acutely decreases leptin levels. During pregnancy, maternal leptin levels rise as leptin production increases at the placenta, but a state of leptin resistance is also observed. States of acute illness and surgery have variable effects on leptin.
Discovering time-evolving influence from dynamic heterogeneous graphs

Influence among objects prevalently exists in graph structured data. However, most existing research efforts detect influence among objects from snapshots of homogeneous graphs. In this paper, we study a new problem of detecting time-evolving influence among objects from dynamic heterogeneous graphs. We propose a probabilistic graphical model, Time-evolving Influence Model (TIM), to capture the temporal dynamics of graphs, in which the time-evolving influence is hidden, and to leverage the information from heterogeneous graphs, with which we can improve the learned knowledge. To learn the graphical model, we design both non-parallel and parallel Gibbs sampling algorithms. We conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real data sets to show the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the learning algorithms.
Not All Readmissions Are Created Equal

In a retrospective review by Hannan et al. ([1][1]) in this issue of JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions , 30-day readmission rates for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients were analyzed using both clinical and administrative datasets to determine overall readmission rates, planned or
Demonstration of Inkjet Printed Nanoparticle-based Inks for Solder Bump Replacement

Conventional eutectic solders suffer from scaling limitations related to their relatively poor conductivity, electrochemical and thermochemical stability, and toxicity/regulatory restrictions. Novel materials and systems that aim to replace conventional eutectic solders for future packaging applications must be able to meet both the throughput and the thermal demands of standard bumping processes while simultaneously providing the electrical and mechanical properties characteristic of high performance and extended lifetimes. Inkjet printing is a fast-growing deposition technique aptly suited for wafer bumping processes because the feature sizes and pitches capable are appropriate for solder bumps and the droplet-on-demand functionality is an attractive alternative to blanket films processing. Metallic nanoparticle-based inks represent the functional material for eutectic solder replacement, and these inks are attractive due to their relative ease in synthesis and dispensation, their low thermal budget, an...
Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review

The purpose of this integrative review is to evaluate research pertaining to self-management programs for older adults with chronic diseases using Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for behavior change. The focus is application of the SCT domains to self-management programs. The exploration of the current chronic disease self-management research provides an understanding of the Social Cognitive Theory concepts studied in interventional self-management research. The integrative review explicated two areas related to the theory in need of further research. First, social support has not been thoroughly explored as a mechanism for enhancing self-management interventions. Second, moral disengagement was not identified as a focus within chronic disease research raising the question about the impact of moral disengagement on long-term adherence and behavior change.
The Effects of Task Structure on Cognitive Organizing Principles: Implications for Complex Display Design Practices

Cognitive engineering practices provide display design solutions that enhance the operator's ability to manage and control complex systems. However, they often do so without adequate modeling of the cognitive system requirements for this process. This research report is a first in a series of reports illustrating, in part, that the depth and surface distinctions of a task influence the correspondence between cognitive information organizing principles and properties of the task. The congruence principle is offered as a potential explanatory mechanism for the findings that different task representations induce different cognitive organizing principles, and that performance is dependent, in part, upon the mapping between the task, display, and cognitive organizing principle of the operator. Using different display types as means of comparison, results of both Experiment 1 and 2 supported the hypothesized congruence principle.
Use of fluorescent dye BCECF to measure intracellular pH in cortical collecting tubule

The compound 2'-7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) is being extensively used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in a variety of tissue preparations. Use of this dye in the isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule (CCT) revealed two previously unreported findings. Apical incubation via luminal perfusion with the acetoxymethyl ester of BCECF (BCECF-AM) resulted in intense uptake into a minority cell population. Basolateral incubation via the peritubular bathing solution resulted in apparent homogenous uptake into all cells. The minority cells were identified as intercalated cells by the use of fluorescent probes specific for intercalated cells. Minority cell pHi was 7.34 +/- 0.06 (n = 9); majority cell pHi was 7.41 +/- 0.05 (n = 6). In addition, prolonged excitation of BCECF resulted in adverse effects. Intense continuous excitation for 1-3 min resulted in a fall in apparent pHi of 0.53 +/- 0.05 pH units (n = 6, P less than 0.001). After reloading with fresh BCECF-AM, the calculated pHi was 0.05 +/- 0.07 pH units higher than before prolonged excitation (P = NS), suggesting that the apparent decrease was due to changes in the pH sensitivity of BCECF as a result of the prolonged excitation. Prolonged excitation of cells with pHi clamped at 7.50 resulted in a decline in apparent pHi at the rate of 0.15 +/- 0.02 pH units/min (n = 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Feasibility Study of Using RBC Haemolysis Assay to Evaluate the Ocular Irritancy of Contact Lens Care Solutions

The article explored the feasibility of using RBC haemolysis assay as an alterlitive test method to evaluate the ocular irritancy of contact lens care solutions.Thus,the correlations between results obtained from the Draize test and the in vitro method RBC haemolysis assay to assess the ocular irritancy potential of 10 contact lens care solutions were examined.Parameters such as accuracy(%) and specificity(%) were determined.Conclusion:The results of RBC test are correlated with the invo Draize test.,the specificity(%) is 100%and the accuracy(%) is 100%.
Japanese American Internment

The experience of Japanese Americans during World War II highlight the issues of race discrimination, prejudice, and citizenship status during times of international conflict. The US government authorized the removal of persons of Japanese American ancestry, citizens and noncitizens, from their communities on the West Coast to ten relocation centers located in the interior of the United States. Other individuals were detained at Department of Justice detention camps. Altogether, more than 120,000 individuals were affected by the evacuation and internment program. This was one of the largest mass removals of a population under the US government in the twentieth century. Keywords: discrimination; human rights; racism; war
The Riddle of Secret Public Use: A Response to Professor Lemley

Professor Mark Lemley’s recent article, Does “Public Use” Mean the Same Thing It Did Last Year?, argues that the rule barring an inventor’s right to a patent when that inventor practiced the invention in secret but exploited it commercially for more than one year before filing a patent application survived the America Invents Act (AIA). The article also contends that the rule is correct for policy reasons. This essay agrees with Lemley's statutory interpretation but argues that the rule is inconsistent with Supreme Court precedent and should be abrogated based on common-law principles. This essay also argues that the rule creates significant costs and is inconsistent with the AIA's goal to harmonize the U.S. patent law with those of other countries.
Lessons learned from open line system deployments

We present on the design and operational aspects of our open line system approach for overcoming cost, capacity and flexibility limitations with traditional systems. Dramatic growth of datacenter traffic was supported by separation of the terminal equipment from the optical layer allowing the introduction of multi-vendor, best-of-breed coherent terminal equipment.
The impact of both spousal caregivers’ and care recipients’ health on relationship satisfaction in the Caregiver Health Effects Study

This study examined, with a sample of older adult, caregiving couples, whether each spouse’s health was associated with their own and their partner’s relationship satisfaction. Dyads (n = 233; age ...
Group-based emotion in group processes and intergroup relations:

Group-based emotions are experienced as a result of group categorization and group identification. We first review the transformative idea that emotion can occur as a group-level phenomenon driven ...
Comparison of 2 training programs for basic laparoscopic skills and simulated surgery performance in veterinary students.

Objective To compare the effects of 2 training curricula on laparoscopic skills and performance of simulated surgery in veterinary students. Study design Prospective study. Sample population Veterinary students (n = 33) with no prior hands-on experience in minimally invasive surgery. Methods Basic laparoscopic skills (BLS) were assessed based on 5 modified McGill inanimate system for training and evaluation of laparoscopic skills. Motion metrics and an objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) were used to evaluate surgical skills during a simulated laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in an augmented reality simulator. Students were randomly assigned to either skill-based (group A) or procedural-based (group B) training curriculum. Both tests were performed prior to and after a 10-session training curriculum. Results Post-training BLS results were improved in both training groups (P < .001). Seven participants completed both presimulated and postsimulated laparoscopic cholecystectomy, preventing paired analysis. Based on motion metrics analysis, participants completed tasks in a shorter time (P = .0187), and with better economy of movement (P = .0457) after training. No difference was detected in OSATS before and after training. Conclusion Both training curricula improved BLS, but significant differences were not detected between the procedural-based training program and basic skills training alone in veterinary students. Motion metrics such as time, economy of movement, and instrument path were superior to an OSATS, when assessing surgical performance. Further studies are needed to compare the effects of different simulators on the training of veterinarians with diverse laparoscopic surgical experience.
Architectural alterations of the fission yeast genome during the cell cycle.

Analysis of the 3D genomic organization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe during the cell cycle reveals that condensin mediates formation of large domains that serve as chromosomal compaction units, whereas cohesin forms smaller, more stable domains. Eukaryotic genomes are highly ordered through various mechanisms, including topologically associating domain (TAD) organization. We employed an in situ Hi-C approach to follow the 3D organization of the fission yeast genome during the cell cycle. We demonstrate that during mitosis, large domains of 300 kb–1 Mb are formed by condensin. This mitotic domain organization does not suddenly dissolve, but gradually diminishes until the next mitosis. By contrast, small domains of 30–40 kb that are formed by cohesin are relatively stable across the cell cycle. Condensin and cohesin mediate long- and short-range contacts, respectively, by bridging their binding sites, thereby forming the large and small domains. These domains are inversely regulated during the cell cycle but assemble independently. Our study describes the chromosomal oscillation between the formation and decay phases of the large and small domains, and we predict that the condensin-mediated domains serve as chromosomal compaction units.
Mary Cassatt 1844–1926

Mary Cassatt (1844–1926), renowned for her depiction of women and children, was the only American member in the group of French artists known as the Impressionists. After exhibiting her work at the Paris Salon, Cassatt was invited to join the Impressionists by Edgar Degas. In addition to being a painter and a printmaker, Cassatt was also an advisor on art who influenced American collectors and subsequently impacted the holdings of major museums. She was also an early feminist and a strong supporter of women's rights, especially the right to vote. While Cassatt gained attention in America in her later years, she had greater success in France throughout her lifetime and at age 70 received their highest award, the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. After her death Mary Cassatt's fame increased greatly in America and the world, granting her a strong, secure, and admired place in the history of art.
Annotator: Annotation Technology for the WWW

Publisher Summary Annotation technology is the theoretical analysis of annotations aimed at producing a set of recommendations for the design of electronic annotation software. This chapter presents the concepts of Annotation Technology (AT), explores various aspects of electronic annotations, and offers solutions that can help this process. Electronic annotations have their roots in handwritten notes. An Annotation Database (ADB) is a collection of information about the location and content of atoms, annotations, and their dependencies in the form of links. Time-Series Database (TSDB) has the capability to store and retrieve various patterns, electrode recordings, and images. The design is that of a shareable component, because HTTP is a stateless protocol. The proxy must simulate a database session for each user from the moment users log in until the point when they log out. The ADB schema contains several tables such as atoms, annotations, and link tables. AT research is part of a greater effort supported by the University of Southern California Brain project (USCBJ). With AT tools, the user has the freedom to impose arbitrary fine-grained structure on documents without actually modifying the documents.
Levels of Detail: An Overview

This paper overviews some aspects of using different levels of accuracy and complexity for the visualization of large data sets. Current status of the volume of data sets that can be generated is presented, together with some of the inherent problems due to such large data volumes, visualization requirements, and display limitations of existing hardware graphics. Some methods for selecting, generating and implementing different levels of detail are presented.
Computational and Experimental Investigation of Janus-like Monolayers on Ultrasmall Noble Metal Nanoparticles.

Detection of monolayer morphology on nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm has proven difficult with traditional visualization techniques. Here matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is used in conjunction with atomistic simulations to detect the formation of Janus-like monolayers on noble metal nanoparticles. Silver metal nanoparticles were synthesized with a monolayer consisting of dodecanethiol (DDT) and mercaptoethanol (ME) at varying ratios. The nanoparticles were then analyzed using MALDI-MS, which gives information on the local ordering of ligands on the surface. The MALDI-MS analysis showed large deviations from random ordering, suggesting phase separation of the DDT/ME monolayers. Atomistic Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were then used to simulate the nanoscale morphology of the DDT/ME monolayers. In order to quantitatively compare the computational and experimental results, we developed a method for determining an expected MALDI-MS spectrum from the atomistic simulati...
A new species and a new record of termitophilous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) associated with Fulleritermes Coaton in Rhodesia

Physoperinthus setosus is descriptionbed as new from Rhodesia and is associated with Fulleritermes coatoni Sands. A new record of Fulleroxenus coatoni from Rhodesia is given. The coevolution of the termitophile species associated with Fulleritermes is briefly discussed. These are the first records of both genera from Rhodesia.
Contrasting genomic shifts underlie parallel phenotypic evolution in response to fishing

Humans cause widespread evolutionary change in nature, but we still know little about the genomic basis of rapid adaptation in the Anthropocene. We tracked genomic changes across all protein-coding genes in experimental fish populations that evolved pronounced shifts in growth rates due to size-selective harvest over only four generations. Comparisons of replicate lines show parallel allele frequency shifts that recapitulate responses to size-selection gradients in the wild across hundreds of unlinked variants concentrated in growth-related genes. However, a supercluster of genes also rose rapidly in frequency and dominated the evolutionary dynamic in one replicate line but not in others. Parallel phenotypic changes thus masked highly divergent genomic responses to selection, illustrating how contingent rapid adaptation can be in the face of strong human-induced selection.
The Role of Accompaniment Quality in Band Directors’ Evaluations of Solo Instrumental Performance:

The purpose of this replication study was to examine the effects of accompaniment on evaluations of solo instrumental performances. Although previous findings have indicated that instrumental music...
Thermodynamics analysis of Joule heating and internal heat source over an inclined ciliated tube

Abstract This article considers the entropy analysis of viscous nanofluid in an inclined ciliated tube with magnetic and Joule heating effects. The energy analysis is perfumed in the presence of internal heat source coefficient. The thermal conductivity of base fluid water is strengthen by considering the famous Tiwari–Das nanofluid model. Mathematical formulation have been operated which results into set of non-linear coupled partial differential equation. The governed differential system is transformed into ordinary differential system by considering the suitable similarity variables. Exact solutions in the closed form have been computed for the momentum, pressure gradient and temperature profiles. In this study, special attention is devoted to the term electrical conductivity of the considered copper nanoparticles. Graphical results shows that velocity of the fluid increases with an increment in the inclination angle and entropy of the fluid system increases with an increase in the nanoparticle concentration.
Medial Versus Lateral Meniscus Root Tears: Is There a Difference in Injury Presentation, Treatment Decisions, and Surgical Repair Outcomes?

Purpose To determine (1) the demographic characteristics as well as radiographic findings of medial versus lateral meniscal root tears at time of presentation, (2) treatment decisions and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing medial versus lateral root repair, and (3) risk factors for worse clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with symptomatic, medial, or lateral meniscus posterior root tears with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Radiographs were graded using Kellgren-Lawrence scores. Subanalysis was performed on 62 patients who underwent root repair. Tegner, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, and progression to arthroplasty were analyzed in the repair groups. Patient demographics, radiographic findings, and clinical outcomes were compared between medial meniscus posterior horn root tear (MMRT) and lateral meniscus root repair (LMRT). Results Of the 141 root tears, 109 were MMRTs, 30 were LMRTs, and 2 patients had both. At the time of injury, patients with MMRTs had a significantly higher age (MMRT = 51.4 vs LMRT=24.6, P Conclusions Compared with MMRTs, LMRTs occur in younger male patients with lower body mass index, less cartilage degeneration, less extrusion on magnetic resonance imaging, and more commonly with a ligament injury. Although good to excellent clinical outcomes were attained in select patients for both medial and lateral meniscus root repair, LMRTs may have better results after repair, suggesting that differences in injury and patient characteristics may contribute to differences in these outcomes. Level of Evidence Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
Faculty Perceptions of Academic Advising at Small, Christian Universities.

As student retention, persistence, and degree completion become important to the survival of Christian higher education, research on the influence of academic advising continues to emerge. Little r...
Optimization of Co-Culture Conditions for a Human Vascularized Adipose Tissue Model

In vitro adipose tissue models can be used to provide insight into fundamental aspects of adipose physiology. These systems may serve as replacements for animal models, which are often poor predictors of obesity and metabolic diseases in humans. Adipose tissue consists of a rich vasculature that is essential to its function. However, the study of endothelial cell–adipocyte interactions has been challenging due to differences in culture conditions required for the survival and function of each cell type. To address this issue, we performed an extensive evaluation of the cell culture media composition to identify the conditions optimal for the co-culture of endothelial cells and adipocytes. The effects of individual media factors on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation were systematically explored. Several media factors were determined to disrupt the co-culture system. Optimized culture conditions were identified and used to generate a vascularized human adipose microtissue. An interconnected vascular network was established within an adipose micro-tissue, and the networks were anastomosed with perfused channels to form a functional network. In conclusion, media conditions were identified that enabled endothelial cell–adipocyte co-culture and were used to support the formation of a vascularized adipose tissue within a microfluidic device.
A scalable crosslinked fiberglass-aerogel thermal insulation composite

Abstract Ceramic aerogels are attractive for thermal insulation due to its lightweight and low thermal conductivity, while it is indispensable to address the obstacle of its brittleness nature and large-scale manufacturing for building efficiency applications. The economical manufacturing of large-scale elastic thermal insulation aerogels has remained challenging. Herein, we report a universal manufacturing of the fiberglass reinforced aerogel composites where the architectured three-dimensional fiber networks with the cross-linked silica aerogel exhibit superinsulation and mechanical elasticity. These remarkable performances are obtained through in-situ cross-linking reaction between molecular assembly induced aerogel and fiberglass under ambient pressure drying environment, in which the interfacial interactions are verified from its infrared spectra. The resulting ultralight aerogel composite sheet exhibits a density of 0.1 g cm−3, large strain recovery (>50%), and low thermal conductivity (0.0253 W m−1 K−1). The thermal insulation aerogel composites shed light on the super-elastic aerogel manufacturing with scalability for energy saving building applications.
Allosteric Pathways Originating at Cysteine Residues in Regulators of G-Protein Signaling Proteins.

Abstract Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins play a central role in modulating signaling via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Specifically, RGS proteins bind to activated Gα subunits in G-proteins, accelerate the GTP hydrolysis, and thereby rapidly dampen GPCR signaling. Therefore, covalent molecules targeting conserved cysteine residues among RGS proteins have emerged as potential candidates to inhibit the RGS/Gα protein-protein interaction and enhance GPCR signaling. Although these inhibitors bind to conserved cysteine residues among RGS proteins, we have previously suggested [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018;140:3454–3460] that their potencies and specificities are related to differential protein dynamics among RGS proteins. Using data from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal these differences in dynamics of RGS proteins by partitioning the protein structural space into a network of communities that allow allosteric signals to propagate along unique pathways originating at inhibitor binding sites and terminating at the RGS/Gα protein-protein interface.
Beyond the Tide: Beginning Admiralty with the Steamboat Magnolia

Admiralty is potentially one of the richest subjects in the law school curriculum. This claim may be received skeptically by those who have neither taught nor taken the course. Yet my experience as a student in, and teacher of, the course confirms my belief that Admiralty holds that promise, especially if it is presented not simply as a vehicle to train the relatively few who hope to become maritime lawyers, but as an opportunity for students with different aspirations to explore some of the most interesting issues in law. As a crosscutting course, Admiralty offers a chance to integrate materials and concepts from other classes, including civil procedure, torts, contracts, property, constitutional law, choice of law, and federal courts. It offers a comparative lens through which to view rules and principles in land law and accordingly achieve a better understanding of doctrine explored in earlier courses. And it provides a venue to consider, in an admiralty context, some of the most interesting questions that arise across the curriculum.[1]
Understanding the role of cysteine in ferroptosis: progress & paradoxes.

Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid that contributes to the synthesis of proteins and many important intracellular metabolites. Cysteine depletion can trigger iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death-ferroptosis. Despite this, cysteine itself is normally maintained at relatively low levels within the cell, and many mechanisms that could act to buffer cysteine depletion do not appear to be especially effective or active, at least in cancer cells. How do we reconcile these seemingly paradoxical features? Here we describe the regulation of cysteine and contribution to ferroptosis and speculate about how the levels of this amino acid are controlled to govern non-apoptotic cell death.
L-O-Methylthreonine-Resistant Mutant of Arabidopsis Defective in Isoleucine Feedback Regulation

Threonine dehydratase/deaminase (TD), the first enzyme in the isoleucine biosynthetic pathway, is feedback inhibited by isoleucine. By screening M2 populations of ethyl methane sulfonate-treated Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia wild-type seeds, we isolated five independent mutants that were resistant to L-O-methylthreonine, an isoleucine structural analog. Growth in the mutants was 50- to 600-fold more resistant to L-O-methylthreonine than in the wild type. The resistance was due to a single, dominant nuclear gene that was denoted omr1 and was mapped to chromosome 3 in GM11b, the mutant line exhibiting the highest level of resistance. Biochemical characteristics (specific activities, Km, Vmax, and pH optimum) of TD in extracts from the wild type and GM11b were similar except for the inhibition constant of isoleucine, which was 50-fold higher in GM11b than in the wild type. Levels of free isoleucine were 20-fold higher in extracts from GM11b than in extracts from wild type. Therefore, isoleucine feedback insensitivity in GM11b is due to a mutant form of the TD enzyme encoded by omr1. The mutant allele omr1 of the line GM11b could provide a new selectable marker for plant genetic transformation.
A Review of “The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing.”

Systemic racial oppression has been the reality of much of the history of the United States. Land theft and genocide, slavery, and Jim Crow segregation account for some 350 of the 407 years since t...
On Over-Weighting the Bottom Line

Universities in the Marketplace The Commercialization of Higher Education. Derek Bok. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2003. 247 pp. $22.95, £15.95. ISBN 0-691-11412-9. Bok discusses what he sees as the inherent dangers that arise when universities undertake money-making ventures with corporations.
The GM Child Love Seat

This paper details the design and development of a new child restraint system recommended for children from 20-40 lb and under 40 in. The child is restrained in a seat by a five-belt harness system that utilizes a single quick-release buckle. The seat is restrained by the vehicle lap belts and a top anchor strap. It satisfactorily meets the standards of FMVSS 213 in static testing, and it reduces excursion of the child in front and side impact testing. The seat has padded forward-projecting walls at the side of the head. The seat retained its integrity during impact testing.
Glycoprotein 96 can chaperone both MHC class I- and class II-restricted epitopes for in vivo presentation, but selectively primes CD8+ T cell effector function.

The ability of mature T lymphocytes to develop effector capacity after encounter with cognate Ag is generally dependent upon inflammatory signals associated with infection that induce dendritic cell activation/maturation. These inflammatory signals can derive directly from pathogens or can be expressed by host cells in response to infection. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of host-derived inflammatory mediators that perform the duel function of both chaperoning MHC class I-restricted epitopes into the cross-presentation pathway of DCs and inducing the activation/maturation of these DCs to allow priming of cognate CD8+ T cell effector responses. Although the ability of HSPs to elicit effector CD8 cell responses has been well established, their potential to prime CD4 cell effector responses has been relatively unexplored. In the current study we compared the ability of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident HSP gp96 to prime CD4 vs CD8 cells using TCR transgenic adoptive transfer systems and soluble gp96-peptide complexes. As expected, gp96 facilitated the cross-presentation of a class I-restricted peptide and priming of effector function in cognate CD8 cells. Interestingly, gp96 also facilitated the in vivo presentation of a class II-restricted peptide; however, the resulting CD4 cell response did not involve the development of effector function. Taken together, these data suggest that gp96 is an inflammatory mediator that selectively primes CD8 cell effector function.
(Sr1-xPbx)TiO3-MgO composites for field tunable applications

(Sr1-xPbx)TiO3 (SPT)-MgO composites are promising for room temperature electric field tunable applications. The composites show a significant processing dependence of dielectric properties. This paper reviews dielectric characteristics of SPT-MgO composites, such as permittivity, loss tangents, dielectric maximum temperature, tunability, and hysteresis under bias. In addition, factors which influence tunability and dielectric properties are described.
Collaborative gate implementation selection and adaptivity assignment for robust combinational circuits

Adaptive design is a power-efficient approach to variation resilience in VLSI circuits. However, its implementation, especially that of fine-grained adaptivity, can easily result in large overhead. Although numerous previous works have demonstrated the effectiveness of adaptive design, very few works have emphasized its overhead control. In order to make adaptive design a truly practical approach, we develop a method that systematically optimizes adaptivity assignment with consideration of overhead reduction. At the same time, a variability aware gate implementation selection technique is investigated and applied in conjunction with the adaptivity assignment. Experimental results on benchmark circuits indicate that our approach can greatly decrease adaptivity overhead while satisfy performance and robustness constraints.
A Prenatal Presentation of Severe Microcephaly and Brain Anomolies in a Patient with Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the STIL Gene (P1.344)

OBJECTIVE: This report outlines how current fetal neuroimaging and genomic technologies can aid in determining the causes of fetal microcephaly. BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis and prognosis of fetal microcephaly is a challenging and common presenting problem to the child neurologist and perinatologist. There was a time that the prospective parents could only be told that the child would be microcephalic. Not much could be determined on exact diagnosis or prognosis. DESIGN/METHODS: At 20 weeks gestation the fetus was noted to have isolated microcephaly on fetal ultrasound.Karyotyping and a non-targeted microarray were performed at 21 weeks and were normal on amniocytes. TORCH studies were negative. Fetal MRI at 31 weeks revealed severe microcephaly with an anomoly consistent with holoprosencephaly. Whole exome sequence (WES) analysis was done. RESULTS: WES revealed two novel compound heterozygous mutations in the STIL gene (c.2354_2355dupGA/c.3835 C>T) which is consistent with microcephaly and migrational anomolies.The post natal MRI reveals agenesis of the corpus callosum, agyria of frontal and temporal lobes, porencephaly of parietal and occipital regions with pontine and cerebellar dysgenesis CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the state of the art approach to the clinical problem of prenatal microcephaly. Study Supported by: None Disclosure: Dr. Bennett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Presti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adams has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rios has nothing to disclose.
InGaAs multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector for free-space optical communications

Modulating retro-reflectors provide means for free space optical communication without the need for a laser, telescope or pointer tracker on one end of the link. These systems work by coupling a retro-reflector with an electro- optic shutter. The modulating retro-reflector is then interrogated by a cw laser beam from a conventional optical communications system and returns a modulated signal beam to the interrogator. Over the last few years the Naval Research Laboratory has developed modulating retro-reflector based on corner cubes and large area Transmissive InGaAs multiple quantum well modulators. These devices can allow optical links at speeds up to about 10 Mbps. We will discuss the critical performance characteristics of such systems including modulating rate, power consumption, optical contrast ratio and operating wavelength. In addition a new modulating retro-reflector architecture based upon cat s eye retroreflectors will be discussed. This architecture has the possibility for data rates of hundreds of megabits per second at power consumptions below 100 mW.