cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential neointimal response to coronary artery injury in pigs and dogs - Implications for restenosis models

Neointimal hyperplasia occurs in the coronary arteries after percutaneous revascularization procedures and is a reparative response that frequently causes recurrent stenosis. Prior animal studies have shown that neointimal tissue thickness is proportional to the depth of arterial injury. Because animal models are increasingly used to test therapeutic strategies against restenosis, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of neointimal thickening formed in the coronary arteries of pigs compared with dogs in response to severe injury. Fourteen coronary arteries in six mongrel dogs and 18 coronary arteries in nine pigs underwent severe arterial injury using tantalum metal coils delivered on oversized angioplasty balloons. Animals were killed after 4 weeks, and all coronary arteries were pressure perfusion fixed. Mean histological injury scores and neointimal thicknesses for dogs were 1.9 +/- 0.3 and 0.30 +/- 0.11, respectively, compared with 2.1 +/- 0.7 and 0.71 +/- 0.36 for pigs. Thus, there was significantly less neointimal thickening in dogs compared with pigs (P < .001) despite no differences in injury (P = NS). The neointimal thickening differences translated into significantly different percent area stenoses: 55 +/- 24% for pigs versus 27 +/- 13% for dogs (P < .001). Linear regression modeled neointimal thickness versus injury assessed by an ordinal injury score proportional to the depth of injury for each species. This analysis confirmed the differences across multiple injury levels. The slope of the regression line for dogs was small, suggesting that no relation may exist between injury and neointimal thickness in this species. The pig may be a more appropriate model for the study of the genesis of stenosing neointima.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On a problem in monotone approximation

Abstract Let ƒ ϵ C[−1, 1] . A sufficient condition is given which ensures that the nth polynomial of best approximation to ƒ is increasing for n sufficiently large. Using this condition, we are able to give a counterexample to a theorem announced by Tzimbalario [6].
Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary sedimentation in a semi-arid foreland basin (Neuquén Basin, Western Argentina)

Abstract A Late Cretaceous transgression and a subsequent Paleocene regression is recorded in the Neuquen Basin of western Argentina in the sediments of the Upper Malargue Group. Seven facies associations (D through J) representing different depositional subenvironments have been recognized in the younger depositional sequence. Facies association E, green calcareous mudstones, was deposited in the outer shelf. Facies association F, bioclastic carbonates, represents inner-shelf deposits to littoral sediments. Facies association G, sandy calcarenites, corresponds to nearshore to coastal deposits. Facies association H, oolitic calcarenites, and facies association D, evaporites, composed a shallowing upward carbonate sequence. Facies association I, cross-bedded lithic sandstones, and facies association J, red mudstones, are characterized as meandering fluvial deposits. The lateral and vertical distribution of facies association changes from north to south in the basin, according to several depositional controls. The foreland setting of the Neuquen Basin at this time, with different sediment input and paleoslopes on the retro-arc vs. the cratonic side of the basin, influenced sedimentation. Basin embayment geometry caused differences in tidal regime, which in turn affected depositional environments. Westerly winds generated clockwise tidal currents inside the basin, which affected alongshore lateral facies association variation. The semi-arid climate favoured deposition of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithologies and evaporites.
Interval pathologic assessments in patients treated with concurrent hyperfractionated radiation and intraarterial cisplatin (HYPERRADPLAT).

Background To minimize surgical morbidity, surgery should be performed within 2 to 3 months of completion of radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. Pathologic demonstration of cancer at this interval is commonly used to justify early surgical salvage of residual primary head and neck cancer. These assumptions regarding head and neck cancer in patients treated with concurrent hyperfractionated radiation therapy and intraarterial supradose cisplatin (HYPERRADPLAT) have never been evaluated. Methods Post-HYPERRADPLAT clinical and pathologic findings in 42 patients with stage III and IV head and neck cancer were compared with their disease outcomes. All patients underwent an interval analysis of response at 6 to 10 weeks after completion of therapy, 28 of these patients had biopsies of the primary tumor site performed. Results Clinical findings of cancer with pathologic confirmation up to 4 months after therapy can be associated with eventual complete response (CR). Pathologic CR's from deep incisional biopsies can be associated with recurrent disease within 2 months. Six HYPERRADPLAT-treated patients underwent interval surgical resection of primary disease, and only the four patients with cancer identified in the resection specimen died of recurrent disease. Conclusion In patients treated with HYPERRADPLAT, interval clinical and pathologic assessments may be misleading. Only observation of progressive disease is an accurate predictor of local failure. New evaluation techniques such as metabolic imaging and molecular analysis warrant exploration as tools for interval cancer evaluations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 539–544, 2002
Mouse adenovirus type-1 replication is restricted to vascular endothelium in the CNS of susceptible strains of mice

Previous studies have shown that mouse adenovirus type-1 (MAV-1) caused a fatal hemorrhagic encephalitis in certain strains of mice. C57BI/6 mice exhibited 100% mortality when given as little 10(3) plaque-forming units (PFU) of MAV, in contrast to BALB/c mice which were resistant to as many as 10(6) PFU. Susceptible animals died with a flaccid paralysis on the 3rd or 4th day after inoculation. The brains and spinal cords of these animals displayed numerous petechial hemorrhages that were found in virtually all areas of the brain, but were more numerous in white matter. In this paper, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used to identify the viral target of replication within the CNS of susceptible mice. These studies showed that the CNS vascular endothelial cell was the primary site of viral replication within the CNS of mice infected with MAV-1. Characterization of cytokine mRNA levels and disease course in immunodeficient mice revealed that the host immune response played little, if any, role in the pathogenesis of MAV-1 disease in susceptible mice and was not responsible for the resistance of BALB/c mice. These results support the conclusion that disease course and outcome in susceptible and resistant strains of mice were determined primarily by the ability of the virus to replicate within the CNS vascular endothelium.
Studies on the transport of carbohydrate in Crithidia luciliae.

The entrance of carbohydrates into the cells of C. luciliae has been studied, using the non-utilizable monosaccharides: L-sorbose, D-xylose, L-xylose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-lyxose, D-2-deoxyglucose, and L-fucose; all nine sugars entered the cell. At 0.5 mM external concentration the rate of increase in intracellular concentration is constant for all sugars until the intracellular concentrations equal or exceed the extracellular concentration. At 20 mM external concentration, the rate of increase of intracellular concentration decreases continuously and the maximum intracellular concentration never exceeds the extracellular concentration. There is competition between monosaccharides presented simultaneously to the cells and the transport mechanism shows enormously greater affinity for glucose than for other monosaccharides. The rate of carbohydrate entrance is inhibited 50% and 70% by KCN(10−4 M) and DNP(10−5 M) respectively at 0.5 mM external concentrations. However, these inhibitors do not affect transport from external concentrations of the order of 0.02 M. These data are interpreted as indicating two mechanisms for carbohydrate entrance: (a) an active transport mechanism, active at low external concentration and dependent upon a supply of metabolic energy; (b) facilitated diffusion, of importance only at high external concentrations. These results are compared with those reported in the literature for other types of cells.
Three Dimensional Land Motion in Response to Aquifer Depressurization

The present paper develops a new theory of three dimensional land movement, including vertical (subsidence) and radial (fissures) displacement, within an aquifer system in response to depressurization caused by ground water withdrawal. The new theory is derived from the first principles of physics (conservation of mass and linear momentum), secondary laws (the Darcy-Gersevanov law of relative flow, the constitutive law of poroelasticity and the equation of state for water), and the appropriate flow relation. Unlike previous theory, in the new theory, shear and volume deformation are decoupled and presented in equilibrium and non-equilibrium equations and are also integrated into one governing equation. When compared to the traditional theory, the new theory expresses itself in terms of aquifer’s displacement field. There is no additional need to couple two fields as has been done previously, (e.g., Biot’s theory). In particular, the new theory compares well to Biot’s traditional consolidation theory that couples aquifer’s displacement and changes in pore-water pressure (or hydraulic head). As a result, strategies for analytic and numerical modeling and computation can be simplified in the phase of finding a solution. The substantial mechanistic difference between the present depressurizing model and the traditional loading model for soil consolidation is discussed.
Adipose tissue of Drosophila melanogaster: VII. Distribution of nuclear DNA amounts along the anterior-posterior axis in the larval fat body.

The DNA content of fat body nuclei was measured cytophotometrically as a function of position along an anterior–posterior (A–P) axis of the tissue throughtout larval development. There was a dramatic 55-fold increase in the average amount of DNA per nucleus during the first 3 days of this period, but there was no further increase during the final day. However, the rate of increase had regional specificity. The amount of DNA per nucleus correlated significantly with its position along the A–P axis of the tissue: nuclei in a posterior direction contain gradually increasing amounts of DNA. There was up to a seven-fold difference between the smallest anterior and largest posterior nucleus. In addition, for three of the ages studied there was a subgradient in the posterior region with a slope that was considerably steeper than that of the overall tissue gradient. The tissue has three characteristic morphological regions, anterior, medial, and posterior, which can be recognized early in development and which are maintained throughout the larval period. The distribution of nuclear DNA classes determined for cells in each region for the final 2 days of larval life became fixed before the final day of development. The significance of the DNA gradient in terms of a protein storage gradient is discussed.
Low-power sensor signal monitoring and impulse radio architecture for biomedical applications

Remote diagnostics of the vital information of a patient and the initiation of necessary actions by the healthcare professionals have resulted in the development of wireless body area network (WBAN). With little to no maintenance, each sensor node within a WBAN must operate with less than 100 μW of power consumption. Impulse radio architecture can be utilized to achieve this goal. This paper reports a low-power transmitter unit consisting of a Data Generator Block, an Impulse Generator Block and a Buffer. The Data Generator Block converts any electrochemical sensor current ranging from 0.2 to 2 μA to digital data. This block consumes a power in the range of 2.575---4.29 μW. The Impulse Generator Block utilizes an RC network to generate impulses of approximately 55 ns duration. Both the Data Generator Block and the Impulse Generator Block can operate with a 1 V supply. Finally, a Buffer circuit, which operates with a 2 V supply, is used to drive a standard 50 Ω load such as an external antenna. The peak current consumption of the impulses is 2.11 mA with a peak output voltage of 72 mV, making it extremely suitable for short range wireless communication. The entire system has been designed and fabricated using a 90 nm standard CMOS process. The average power consumption of the system is only 22.10 μW.
Lipid phase transitions in fatty acid-homogeneous membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii B

The thermotropic behaviour of fatty acid-homogeneous membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii B was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The organism was grown at 37°C in the presence of avidin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis, in a medium supplemented with pentadecanoic acid-d29; the enrichment of the membranes with this fatty acid was 95%. The temperature-dependent phase behaviour of the membranes was studied via the C–D stretching vibrational modes of the membrane lipids and was compared with that of the lipid extract. The high level of fatty acid homogeneity results in a sharp (for natural membranes) gel to liquid crystalline phase transition. The transition, in both the membranes and extracted lipids, is centered at about 6°C above the growth temperature. During the transition two principal liquid states are evident, one being more conformationally ordered than the other. The effect of proteins on the principal lipid phase transition is minimal. However, in the intact membranes there is evident a weaker, lower temperature transition, which is not evident in the extracted lipids.
Efficient Signal Selection Using Fine-grained Combination of Scan and Trace Buffers

Post-silicon validation is a critical part of integrated circuit design methodology. The primary objective is to detect and eliminate the bugs that has escaped pre-silicon validation phase. One of the key challenges in post-silicon validation is the limited observability of internal signals in manufactured chips. Leveraging on-chip buffers addresses this issue by storing some of the internal signal states during runtime. A promising direction to improve observability is to combine trace and scan signals - a small set of trace signals are stored every cycle, whereas a large set of scan signals are dumped across multiple cycles. Existing techniques are not very effective since they explore a coarse-grained combination of trace and scan signals. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained architecture that addresses this issue by using various scan chains with different dumping periods. We also propose an efficient algorithm to select beneficial signals based on this architecture. Our experimental results demonstrate that our signal selection algorithm can improve restoration ratio up to 91% (32.3% on average) compared to existing trace only techniques. Our approach also shows up to 116% improvement (54.7% on average) compared to techniques that allows combination of trace and scan signals.
Multidataset independent subspace analysis extends independent vector analysis

Despite its multivariate nature, independent component analysis (ICA) is generally limited to univariate latents in the sense that each latent component is a scalar process. Independent subspace analysis (ISA), or multidimensional ICA (MICA), is a generalization of ICA which identifies latent independent vector components instead. While ISA/MICA considers multidimensional latent components within a single dataset, our work specifically considers the case of multiple datasets. Independent vector analysis (IVA) is a related technique that also considers multiple datasets explicitly but with a fixed and constrained model. Here, we first show that 1) ISA/MICA naturally extends to the case of multiple datasets (which we call MISA), and that 2) IVA is a special case of this extension. Then we develop an algorithm for MISA and demonstrate its performance on both IVA- and MISA-type problems. The benefit of these extensions is that the vector sources (or subspaces) capture higher order statistical dependence across datasets while retaining independence between subspaces. This is a promising model that can explore complex latent relations across multiple datasets and help identify novel biological traits for intricate mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
Endocrine and metabolic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on female rats

Abstract The effects of the acute and prolonged administration of the hallucinogenic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on white blood cell counts, body weight, food consumption, and weight of the thymus, adrenal, ovary, uterus, and thyroid of female Wistar rats were investigated. Test animals were given eight subcutaneous injections containing 500 or 750 μg of LSD per kilogram dissolved in 1 ml of saline. The eight injections were administered on alternate days during a 2-week period with the exception that both experimental groups received injections on days 13 and 14. Tail blood samples were taken immediately prior to autopsy. Marked or significant decreases were noted in total white blood cell counts as well as lymphocyte and eosinophil frequencies. Food consumption was affected more adversely during the first week. Analyses of the absolute organ weight data revealed significant reductions in the thymus weights of both test groups, with consistent but smaller decreases in the thyroid and uterine weights of the test animals. Although administration of LSD to female Wistar rats demonstrated greater resistance and less pronounced effects than those noted in males, the results still indicated stimulated adrenal activity with suggestions of hypothyroidism and hypogonadal function.
Job Motivations of Males and Females, an Empirical Study:

Data from 136 industrial employees were used to test and evaluate 25 different correlates of job motivation for 81 male and 45 female employees. The variables were tested to determine their relationship with job motivation. Approximately half of the variables examined showed statistically significant relationships with job motivation after partialling out the effects of job level. Actual pay earned in dollars per week before taxes (r = 0.51) exhibited the strongest relationship with job motivation for the males, while total work experience measured in years worked (r = 0.55) exhibited the strongest relationship with job motivation for females. The validity of the Herzberg two-factor theory of motivation is also discussed in light of these findings.
Synthesis and structural studies of hydrazino-crown ethers and thermodynamic studies of their interaction with transition, and post-transition metal ions and methyl ammonium ion

Hydrazino-crown ethers have been synthesized in only 3 or 4 steps starting from 1,2-diacetylhydrazine. The X-ray crystal structure of protonated hydrazino-19-crown-7 (2) showed that one of the hydrazino nitrogen atoms was directed outside the ring cavity. A solvent methanol molecule is held in the cavity of the host ligand by three hydrogen bonds involving two hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogens of the ligand and the alcohol hydrogen of the methanol. The logK values for the interaction of2 with CH3NH + 3 , Ag+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were much less than those for the interaction of symmetrical triaza-l8-crown-6 (5) with the same cations. Hydrazino-crown2 reduced silver ions to silver metal when a solution of2 and silver ions in DMSO was allowed to stand for several days.
Xenobiotic Metabolism: A View through the Metabolometer

The combination of advanced ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, chemometrics, and genetically modified mice provide an attractive raft of technologies with which to examine the metabolism of xenobiotics. Here, a reexamination of the metabolism of the food mutagen PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine), the suspect carcinogen areca alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, and arecoline 1-oxide), the hormone supplement melatonin, and the metabolism of the experimental cancer therapeutic agent aminoflavone is presented. In all cases, the metabolic maps of the xenobiotics were considerably enlarged, providing new insights into their toxicology. The inclusion of transgenic mice permitted unequivocal attribution of individual and often novel metabolic pathways to particular enzymes. Last, a future perspective for xenobiotic metabolomics is discussed and its impact on the metabolome is described. The studies reviewed here are not specific to the mouse and can be adapted to study xenobiotic metabolism in any animal species, including humans. The view through the metabolometer is unique and visualizes a metabolic space that contains both established and unknown metabolites of a xenobiotic, thereby enhancing knowledge of their modes of toxic action.
Concurrent set manipulation without locking

Set manipulation consists of the actions insert, delete, and member on keys. We propose a concurrent set manipulation algorithm that uses no locking at all and requires no aborts, relying instead on atomic read-modify-write operations on single (data) locations. The algorithm satisfies order-preserving serializability through conditions that are strictly looser than existing algorithms
Spectral sequence operations converge to Araki-Kudo operations

Previously, we constructed operations in the mod 2 homology spectral sequence associated to a cosimplicial E∞-space X. The correct target for this spectral sequence is the homology of Tot X. Noting that in this setting Tot X is an E∞-space, we show that our operations agree with the usual Araki–Kudo operations in the target. We also prove that the multiplication in the spectral sequence agrees with the multiplication in H∗(Tot X).
Clinical application of genetic testing for deafness

Advances in the molecular biology of hearing and deafness have identified many genes essential for normal auditory function. Allele variants of these genes cause nonsyndromic deafness, making mutation screening a valuable test to unequivocally diagnose many different forms of inherited deafness. In this study, genetic testing of GJB2, SLC26A4 and WFS1 is reviewed.
Are natural protein networks similar to synthetic elastomeric networks? Structural implications of the characteristic pentapeptide repeat from the elastic protein network of wool

Abstract The elasticity of the cross-linked matrix of wool fibers is not well understood. The primary structure of high sulfur proteins of the matrix is known to be dominated by the pentapeptide repeat CysGln2Pro3Thr4Cys5. The linear proteins containing the repeat are cross-linked by multiple CysCys disulfide bonds to form an elastic network. The existing hypothesis proposes that the disulfide bonds are formed predominantly between Cys1 and Cys5 of the same repeat, which is facilitated by the tight turn induced by the repeat. To elucidate the structural implications of the repeat, we applied solution 1H NMR to model peptides containing the repeat and also dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy to the polymeric products of their oxidation. The NMR measurements revealed that the repeat in the model peptides does not induce tight turns (water, DMSO). The NOE patterns indicate that to form the Cys1Cys5 intra-repeat disulfide bond, the Gln2-Pro3 peptide bond of the repeat changes its configuration from trans to cis. A substantial energy barrier associated with this transition should decrease the propensity of the repeat for the formation of the Cys1Cys5 bonds. The NMR measurements in DMSO-d6 revealed that for the repeat with a cycle closed by the Cys1Cys5 bond, a significant population of the conformations adopt a rare type VIa tight turn with cis-Pro3 in position i +2 of the turn. These results suggest that a modified model of the matrix is needed and that the nature of elasticity of the cross-linked polypeptide network from wool fiber might be similar to that of synthetic polymer networks.
Protein Synthesis and Rapid Axonal Transport During Regrowth of Dorsal Root Axons

: Damage to the sciatic nerve produces significant changes in the relative synthesis rates of some proteins in dorsal root ganglia and in the amounts of some fast axonally transported proteins in both the sciatic nerve and dorsal roots. We have now analyzed protein synthesis and axonal transport after cutting the other branch of dorsal root ganglia neurons, the dorsal roots. Two to three weeks after cutting the dorsal roots, [35S]methionine was used to label proteins in the dorsal root ganglia in vitro. Proteins synthesized in the dorsal root ganglia and transported along the sciatic nerve were analyzed on two-dimensional gels. All of the proteins previously observed to change after sciatic nerve damage were included in this study. No significant changes inproteins synthesized in dorsal root ganglia or rapidly transported along the sciatic nerve were detected. Axon regrowth from cut dorsal roots was observed by light and electron microscopy. Either the response to dorsal root damage is too small to be detected by our methods or changes in protein synthesis and fast axonal transport are not necessary for axon regrowth. When such changes do occur they may still aid in regrowth or be necessary for later stages in regeneration.
Comparison of outcomes of arteriovenous grafts and fistulas at a single Veterans' Affairs medical center.

Abstract Background Before 2003, almost all dialysis access procedures performed at the G.V. Montgomery Veterans' Affairs Medical Center were arteriovenous grafts. In mid-2003, it was decided to place fistulas in most patients. This study compared the patency rates and frequency of interventions to maintain function between the 2 procedures. Methods Patency rates for 64 grafts and 50 fistulas were computed using Kaplan-Meier life-tables and compared using the Cox-Mantel log- rank test. The frequency of interventions to maintain function was compared using a Poisson model. Results Primary patency of grafts at 1 and 2 years was 39% and 26%, and that of fistulas was 44% and 37%. Secondary patency of grafts at 1 and 2 years was 71% and 63%, and that of fistulas was 75% and 72%. Neither difference reached significance. The difference in interventions also was insignificant. Conclusions Switching from grafts to fistulas did not significantly improve the patency and frequency of interventions.
The graphite probe constant temperature furnace

Abstract A graphite probe, on which the sample is deposited, is thrust into a heated graphite furnace tube, providing a constant temperature furnace environment. By comparison with wall sampling, the graphite probe system provides equal or improved sensitivity and detection limit and considerably less memory effect. Experiments with metals that range from volatile to refractory show that the peak width is the same at the same atomization temperature. A tube was designed that provided a curtain of argon to limit the absorbance path to about 15 mm.
Enterostatin inhibition of angiogenesis: possible role of pAMPK and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)

We utilized a genomic analysis of the response of neuronal GT1-7 cells to enterostatin to identify pathways responsive to this peptide. This information, together with reported properties of the enterostatin receptor, suggested that enterostatin may have an effect on angiogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied the effect of enterostatin as an antiangiogenic agent in two angiogenic tissue culture model systems. Enterostatin induced a 50% or greater inhibition in the angiogenic response of human fat cells and had a U-shaped bimodal dose–response effect in inhibiting angiogenesis in a human placental vein angiogenesis model. To further understand this response, we tested enterostatin's effect in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) that was subjected to glucose deprivation, a condition known to induce angiogenesis in other tumor cell lines. Phosphorylated AMP kinase (pAMPK) levels and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression were elevated robustly after incubation of HepG2 cells in the absence of glucose for 4 h, but 15 min incubation with enterostatin dramatically inhibited this pAMPK activation and reduced VEGF-A gene expression after 1 h incubation with enterostatin. The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced VEGF-A expression. These data suggest that enterostatin has an antiangiogenic effect and suggest that it regulates VEGF-A gene expression through inhibition of AMPK activity.
Biomarker assessment of the effects of coal strip-mine contamination on channel catfish.

Abstract A suite of biomarkers was used to evaluate acute (1-day) to semichronic (3-month) heavy metal-induced toxicity in channel catfish, lctalurus punctatus, caged at an abandoned strip mine and a noncontaminated reference site. Assays performed include indicators of metabolic, hematological, osmoregulatory, and genotoxic stress. Two cage designs were used to evaluate the importance of exposure routes: one excluding contact with the sediments and the other allowing contact with water and sediments. Significant DNA strand breakage was observed in catfish exposed to both exposure regimens, but evidence of DNA repair was observed only in water-exposed catfish. Transient increases in hemoglobin, δ -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and hematocrit levels were observed at 1 month's exposure for both exposure regimens, followed by a return to control levels for the duration of the study. Environmental conditions (i.e., weather-related changes in water quality) may have contributed to the variable plasma chloride and glucose levels observed in all catfish exposed to strip-mine wastes. The transient changes in biomarkers followed by a return to reference values represent an initial stress and an acclimation to normal levels.
Microdiffusive and competitive modes of the decaying hemopoietic stem cell

Abstract The model of stem cell renewal according to a microdiffusing stimulus has been adapted to take into account myeloid and erythroid differentiation. These differons are produced by freely diffusible hormones (viz. erythropoietin and myelopoietin) which interact with stem cells having different concentrations of stimulus for renewal. These concentrations induce the stem cells into discrete differentiation states, which become expressed after exposure to the differentiating hormones. The decay of the stem cells into erythrons and myelons may be interpreted as two differentiating domains with a phase separation generated by the competition of the two modes of decay and conditioned by the concentration gradient along the stem cell chain. The model accounts for certain features of hemopoietic differentiation as studied in vivo and offers a mechanism for the leukemic stem cell reversion to seemingly normal growth when erythroleukemic stem cells are grown into lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts.
Efficiency and Income Shares in High-Demand Energy Networks: Who Receives the Congestion Rents when a Line is Constrained?

We create an experimental spot market for electricity with demand side bidding, and use experimental methods to study the efficiency of the market and the income shares of the generators, wholesale buyers and transmission line operators. Nodal and line prices are computed on the basis of short run marginal costs, energy losses in transmission, and network opportunity costs when a line is constrained. We find that a traditional, competitive model, which yields congestion rents for the transmission line owners, does not explain the observed bidding behavior; and that subtle differences in institutional rules can cause changes in market efficiency.
The kinesin-14 Klp2 is negatively regulated by the SIN for proper spindle elongation and telophase nuclear positioning

In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a late mitotic kinase pathway called the septation initiation network (SIN) triggers cytokinesis. Here we show that the SIN is also involved in regulating anaphase spindle elongation and telophase nuclear positioning via inhibition of Klp2, a minus end–directed kinesin-14. Klp2 is known to localize to microtubules (MTs) and have roles in interphase nuclear positioning, mitotic chromosome alignment, and nuclear migration during karyogamy (nuclear fusion during mating). We observe SIN-dependent disappearance of Klp2 from MTs in anaphase, and we find that this is mediated by direct phosphorylation of Klp2 by the SIN kinase Sid2, which abrogates loading of Klp2 onto MTs by inhibiting its interaction with Mal3 (EB1 homologue). Disruption of Klp2 MT localization is required for efficient anaphase spindle elongation. Furthermore, when cytokinesis is delayed, SIN inhibition of Klp2 acts in concert with microtubules emanating from the equatorial microtubule-organizing center to position the nuclei away from the cell division site. These results reveal novel functions of the SIN in regulating the MT cytoskeleton and suggest that the SIN may have broader functions in regulating cellular organization in late mitosis than previously realized.
‘Marker’ grazing-incidence X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy: a new tool to peer into the interfaces of nanoconfined polymer thin films

Various properties of ultrathin polymer films differ substantially from their bulk values. However, the critical question is whether the unusual properties are uniform throughout the films. To explore the presence of heterogeneous viscosity distributions, we have established grazing-incidence X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy for single polymer films with embedded metal nanoparticles that act as markers. In addition, the combined use of resonance enhanced X-ray scattering enables us to intensify the probing electrical field in the regions of interest within a single polymer film.
An investigation of the assembly conditions of dielectric particles in uncured thermoset polymers

It has been found that electric field induced fibrolysis of suspended dielectric powder in a variety of uncured thermoset polymeric materials is a potential fabrication means to assemble ceramic-polymer composites. The resulting composite material consists of a quasi 1–3 connectivity pattern due to the formation of fibrils by the ceramic powder. For a given thermoset polymer, the degree to which these fibrils form is strongly dependent on both the magnitude and frequency of the applied field. Fibril formation is maximized at certain ac frequencies independent of the volume fraction of filler utilized. Outside these frequency ranges, electroviscous behavior and the associated fibrolysis are drastically diminished or even nonexistent. The critical frequency values and their relation to the ideal assembly conditions for this class of composite materials are the focus of this paper.
Evaluating management risks using landscape trajectory analysis: a case study of California fisher

Ecosystem management requires an understanding of how landscapes vary in space and time, how this variation can be affected by management decisions or stochastic events, and the potential consequences for species. Landscape trajectory analysis, coupled with a basic knowledge of species habitat selection, offers a straightforward approach to ecological risk analysis and can be used to project the effects of management decisions on species of concern. The fisher (Martes pennanti) occurs primarily in late-successional forests which, in the Sierra Nevada mountains, are susceptible to high-intensity wildfire. Understanding the effects of fuels treatments and fire on the distribution of fisher habitat is a critical conservation concern. We assumed that the more a treated landscape resembled occupied female fisher home ranges, the more likely it was to be occupied by a female and therefore the lower the risk to the population. Thus, we characterized important vegetation attributes within the home ranges of 16 female fishers and used the distribution of these attributes as a baseline against which the effects of forest management options could be compared. We used principal components analysis to identify the major axes defining occupied female fisher home ranges and these, in addition to select univariate metrics, became our reference for evaluating the effects of landscape change. We demonstrated the approach at two management units on the Sierra National Forest by simulating the effects of both no action and forest thinning, with and without an unplanned fire, on vegetation characteristics over a 45-yr period. Under the no action scenario, landscapes remained similar to reference conditions for approximately 30-yr until forest succession resulted in a loss of landscape heterogeneity. Comparatively, fuel treatment resulted in the reduction of certain forest elements below those found in female fisher home ranges yet little overall change in habitat suitability. Adding a wildfire to both scenarios resulted in divergence from reference conditions, though in the no action scenario the divergence was 4× greater and the landscape did not recover within the 45-yr timeframe. These examples demonstrate that combining the results of forest growth and disturbance modeling with habitat selection data may be used to quantify the potential effects of vegetation management activities on wildlife habitat.
On the numerical stability of Green's function for substrate coupling in integrated circuits

This paper presents an analysis of the numerical stability for the formulation of the Green's function method of Niknejad et al. (1998) for modeling and analysis of substrate coupling in integrated circuits. It is shown that the formulation has numerical overflow problems. A new stable formulation is presented.
Mouse models for psychiatric disorders

Genes involved in psychiatric disorders are difficult to identify, and those that have been proposed so far remain ambiguous. As it is unrealistic to expect the development of, say, a 'schizophrenic' or 'autistic' mouse, mice are unlikely to have the same role in gene identification in psychiatry as circling mice did in the discovery of human deafness genes. However, many psychiatric disorders are associated with intermediate phenotypes that can be modeled and studied in mice, including physiological or anatomical brain changes and behavioral traits. Mouse models help to evaluate the effect of a human candidate gene mutation on an intermediate trait, and to identify new candidate genes. Once a gene or pathway has been identified, mice are also used to study the interplay of different genes in that system.
Overproduction in song development: an evolutionary correlate with migration

Abstract Many songbirds overproduce songs during development and shrink the repertoire at the time of adult crystallization. The amount of overproduction varies between species. The hypothesis was tested that overproduction of learned songs during ontogeny is correlated with a migratory annual cycle. It is argued that in migrants, overproduction permits song matching between territory neighbours when song memorization is restricted to an early sensitive phase and young males subsequently disperse relatively long distances to their first breeding territory. Song development was compared in the sedentary Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow,Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli, and two migratory taxa, the Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow,Z. l. pugetensis, and the mountain white-crowned sparrow,Z. l. oriantha. Although the Puget Sound and Nuttall's white-crowned sparrows are sister taxa, male Puget Sound sparrows more closely resembled the more distantly related, but migratory, mountain white-crowned sparrow on every measure of song development studied. It is concluded that a migratory annual cycle is a better explanation of diversity in vocal development in this species than recency of common ancestry.
Sine rege, sine principe: Peter the Venerable on violence in twelfth-century Burgundy.

The author of Peter the Venerable's Vita closed his brief account with an uncharacteristic flourish: "On the day of peace this lover of peace found his peace, to the glory of God."1 Similar sentiments found poetic voice in the Panegyricus written by his secretary and friend, Peter of Poitiers: "If it's peace you seek, Peter your peace is here. You draw your swords in vain, O men of Angely, your efforts are all for naught. Wretched ones, do you not know the one against whom you prepare the weapons of battle? It is he whom no one can conquer in war."2 Modern scholarship has found little reason to overturn the contemporary verdict on the ninth abbot of Cluny. Peter's most eminent biographer of this century saw fit to echo a learned predecessor by calling him "the most peaceful man of his time."3 Perhaps, then, we should not be surprised to find Abbot Peter strongly deploring the disorder he saw around him. Indeed, he voiced frequent dismay at the conditions of twelfth-century Burgundy, and his lament extended well beyond the limits of the duchy. He was also, as I hope to show, a keen observer whose social and political analysis deserves further attention. This paper explores the problem of violence in Burgundian society by means of Peter the Venerable's letters, his miracle stories, and, to a lesser extent, his polemical treatises.4 I contend that while he took care to differentiate the multiple social groups involved in violence, and
Pain after uterine artery embolization for leiomyomata: can its severity be predicted and does severity predict outcome?

PURPOSE To determine whether the severity of postprocedure pain associated with uterine artery embolization (UAE) for leiomyomata can be predicted and if its severity can predict outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one patients underwent UAE and had postprocedure pain managed with use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in the form of an intravenous morphine pump. Baseline uterine and dominant fibroid volumes were calculated for each patient. Attempted doses, doses given, total morphine dose, and maximum numerical rating scale (NRS) score during postprocedure hospitalization were recorded. At 3 months postprocedure, repeat imaging was used to determine uterine and dominant fibroid volume reduction. Each patient also completed a questionnaire assessing change in menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain and pressure symptoms, and satisfaction with symptomatic outcome. Simple regression analysis was used to determine if baseline volumes predicted postprocedure pain and if the pain-related variables could be used to predict outcome. RESULTS Neither baseline uterine volume nor dominant fibroid volume predicted the severity of postprocedure pain. Similarly, none of the pain-related variables predicted uterine or fibroid volume reduction, symptomatic improvement, or satisfaction with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Postprocedural pain cannot be predicted based on baseline uterine or fibroid volume and the severity of pain experienced cannot be used to predict outcome.
Managing with integrity: Social responsibilities of business as seen by America's CEOs

p erhaps the most important feature of our world is that we live in it with others. This fact presents enormous difficulties for anyone struggling with the question of how to behave. In attempting to answer this perplexing concern, each individual--including organizations faces the challenge of doing well without doing ill to self and others. This often poses conflict, and much has been written about its resolution in discussions of f reedom and restraint. In the realm of business we see this age-old question currently answered in academic parlance: social responsibility, constituencies of the firm, and stakeholder claims or demands. The purpose here is to examine the many ways firms do take others into consideration to not do them h a r m a n d sometimes do them good-whi l e attempting to do well themselves. Considerable confusion exists within popular thought about the social responsibilities of business. We do well to ask what these should include. What are the insignias of the socially responsible firm? What do corporate leaders say and do about such matters?
Results of the 2010 national resident matching program: family medicine.

The results of the 2010 National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) reflect a small but promis ing increased level of student interest in family medicine residency training in the United States. Compared with the 2009 Match, 75 more positions (with 101 more US seniors) were filled in family medicine residency programs through the NRMP in 2010, at the same time that seven more positions were filled in primary care internal medicine (one more US senior), 14 fewer positions were filled in pediatrics-primary care (16 fewer US seniors), and 16 more positions were filled in internal medicine-pediatrics programs (58 more US seniors). Multiple forces including student perspectives of the demands, rewards, and prestige of the specialty; national dialogue about health care reform; turbulence in the economic environment; lifestyle issues; the advice of deans; and the impact of faculty role models continue to influence medical student career choices. Ninety-four more positions (90 more US seniors) were filled in categorical internal medicine. Fifty-seven more positions (29 more US seniors) were filled in categorical pediatrics programs. The 2010 NRMP results suggest that there is a small increase in primary care careers; however, students continue to show an overall preference for subspecialty careers. Despite matching the highest number of US seniors into family medicine residencies since 2004, in 2010 the production of family physicians remains insufficient to meet the current and anticipated need to support the nation’s primary care infrastructure.
Do Neighborhood Attributes Moderate the Relationship between Alcohol Establishment Density and Crime

Although numerous studies have found a positive association between the density of alcohol establishments and various types of crime, few have examined how neighborhood attributes (e.g., schools, parks) could moderate this association. We used data from Minneapolis, MN with neighborhood as the unit of analysis (n = 83). We examined eight types of crime (assault, rape, robbery, vandalism, nuisance crime, public alcohol consumption, driving while intoxicated, underage alcohol possession/consumption) and measured density as the total number of establishments per roadway mile. Neighborhood attributes assessed as potential moderators included non-alcohol businesses, schools, parks, religious institutions, neighborhood activism, neighborhood quality, and number of condemned houses. Using Bayesian techniques, we created a model for each crime outcome (accounting for spatial auto-correlation and controlling for relevant demographics) with an interaction term (moderator × density) to test each potential moderating effect. Few interaction terms were statistically significant. The presence of at least one college was the only neighborhood attribute that consistently moderated the density–crime association, with the presence of a college attenuating the association between the density and three types of crime (assaults, nuisance crime, and public consumption). However, caution should be used when interpreting the moderating effect of college presence because of the small number of colleges in our sample. The lack of moderating effects of neighborhood attributes, except for presence of a college, suggests that the addition of alcohol establishments to any neighborhood, regardless of its other attributes, could result in an increase in a wide range of crime.
Vapor-Phase Deposition of Surface Polymers and Cross-Linking on Cotton Fabrics 1:

Vapor-phase deposition of selected polymers on cotton fibers offers certain potentially attractive characteristics over conventional liquid-phase textile processing. These include uniformity and co...