cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway pathogenic alterations in EUS-FNA sampled malignant lymph nodes in rectal cancer with theranostic potential.

Background Targeted next-generation sequencing has the potential to stratify a tumor by molecular subtype and aid the development of a biomarker profile for prognostic risk stratification and theranostic potential. Objective To assess the frequency and distribution of pathogenic alterations in malignant lymph node cytology specimens. Design Multigene molecular profiling of archived malignant EUS-FNA lymph node cytology specimens using the Ion Ampliseq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2, which targets at least 2855 possible mutations within 50 cancer-associated genes. Setting Single tertiary referral center. Patients Sporadic, treatment naive, locally advanced primary rectal cancer by EUS-FNA (n = 76) who subsequently completed neoadjuvant therapy with on-site oncologic surgery. Main Outcome Measurements The frequency and distribution of pathogenic alterations in malignant lymph node cytology specimens by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways, by KRAS or NRAS wild-type lymph node status, by extramesenteric lymph node status, and by a complete pathologic response status. Results Eleven patients (14.5%) were 50-gene panel wild-type. Sixty-five patients had 139 pathogenic alterations (2 [1-3] per patient) in 13 of 50 evaluated genes. The following represent a spectrum of identified alterations: TP53 (n = 52; 68.4%), APC (n = 36; 47.4%), KRAS (n = 22; 28.9%), FBXW7 (n = 8; 10.5%), NRAS (n = 6; 7.9%), PIK3CA (n = 4; 5.3%), SMAD4 (n = 3; 3.9%), and BRAF (n = 3; 3.9%). Pathogenic alterations were identified in the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in 41% and 5% of patients, respectively. Limitations Findings were limited to a 50 cancer-associated gene analysis. Conclusions Molecular EUS lymph node assessments using cancer "hotspot" panels can identify pathogenic alteration frequency and distribution and have theranostic potential for individualized patient care.
Scaling and Shock Response of Small Form Factor Disk Drives

The effect of miniaturization on the static and dynamic characteristics of hard disk drive suspensions and disks is investigated. Mechanical scaling of dimensions is discussed and the shock response of the head disk interface is evaluated as a function of the disk form factor.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Transposition of RhoA to the murine Y chromosome.

Abstract In an effort to produce a more complete transcription map of the short (∼5 Mb) arm of the mouse Y chromosome, we have initiated exon trapping from Yp-derived YACs. Sequence analysis of the trapped products has identified exons of previously cloned mouse Y-located genesZfyandSStyand potential exons homologous to the human Y-locatedTspygene family. In addition, a family of three Yp-located transcripts that show close homology to humanRHOA(locus designation ARHA), a member of the Ras family of small GTPases, has been identified. To determine whether these Yp sequences had been transposed from an autosomal ancestor, we used this trapped product to isolate a full-length autosomal mouseRhoAcDNA that is 80% identical at the nucleotide level and 98% identical at the amino acid level to humanRHOAand maps to mouse Chromosome 2 (locus designationArhA). Sequence analysis indicates that the Y-linked copies have diverged from the autosomal form, with small deletions precluding maintenance of a significant open reading frame in all Yp copies. Yet RT-PCR analysis indicates that two of these pseudogenes,RhoAy1and3,are expressed in a testis-specific manner, in sharp contrast to the nearly ubiquitous expression pattern of the autosomal ancestor. The data indicate that the Y copies ofRhoAhave been transposed from an autosome, followed by subsequent duplication, sequence divergence, and acquisition of a testis-specific promoter/enhancer.
Plasma protein interactions at biological interfaces

Abstract The adsorption of plasma proteins, especially fibrinogen at the endoendothelial interface and to the surfaces of the blood cellular elements in contact with blood is relevant to both hemostasis and thrombogenesis. The intact endothelium is the most thrombo-resistant surface known and the exact nature of this structure holds the answer to developing adqueate biocompatibility for implants and prosthetic devices. Under physiological conditions the endoendothelial surface, blood cellular elements and plasma proteins all possess net negative charges which will play a role in their interactions. The density and charge sign of ionizable surface groups will determine the local value of pH at that surface. Distributions of surface charge are possible which could lead to local pH values which vary from one region to another by several units of pH. Erythrocytes and platelets possess adsorbed fibrinogen and the endothelial surface is likely also to attract fibrinogen. The presence of one or more layers of fibrinogen on the endothelial lining is, therefore, a well founded physicochemical expectation. Aggregation of the blood cellular elements is mediated by calcium ions, fibrinogen and other agents depending upon the cell type. The presence of fibrinogen is essential for platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and for the observed changes in platelet surface charge. There is evidence that in general electrostatic interactions are important in the contact relationships between the blood cellular elements and other surfaces either natural or foreign.
The seductive patient

Abstract Seductive patients come in every age, diagnosis, and appearance. Both specialty obstetrics/gynecology and primary care medical practice invite intimate revelations, allow dependence, foster long-term doctor-patient relationships, and involve the examination of the most highly emotionally charged areas of the body, areas that are otherwise seen and touched only by people in intimate relationships with a woman. Seduction can occur between persons of the same sex as well as between persons of different sexes. Seduction usually implies sexual temptations and activities, but can also refer to other violations of professional boundaries. Sexual attraction can lead a practitioner into inappropriate financial dealings, changes in hiring or billing practices, and other serious errors of judgment. Seduction need not be blatantly genital or sexual. Primary care physicians can learn to recognize the signs and to avoid misconduct without damaging the doctor-patient relationship.
Synthesis and Properties of Nine New Polyhydroxylated Surfactants

The synthesis of nine new surfactants with multiple hydroxyls on the headgroup is described in detail. Comparisons of the cmc values with chemical structures lead to useful generalizations (e.g. polyhydroxylation aids micellization owing, probably, to hydrogen bonding among the headgroups in the Stern region). None of the compounds, unfortunately, is able to induce oil/water (o/w) microemulsions in the absence of an additional cosurfactant; simple and generally useful three-component o/w microemulsions remain a worthy goal. An X-ray analysis reveals how one of the nine surfactants, with a large headgroup and short tail, packs in the solid state.
A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Solomon ground skink, Sphenomorphus solomonis (Boulenger) (Sauria: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea

Between September 1990 and November 1991, 19 Sphenomorphus spp. skinks, including nine S. jobiense, three S. simus, and seven Solomon ground skinks, S. solomonis (Boulenger), were collected from Madang and Morobe Provinces, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and examined for coccidia. A single S. solomonis was found to be infected with a new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875. Oocysts of Eimeria perkinsae n. sp. are ellipsoidal with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall, measure 18.6 × 14.7 μm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.3; both micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but a fragmented polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 8.9 × 6.4 μm, L/W 1.4; neither Stieda, sub-Stieda or para-Stieda bodies are present; a sporocyst residuum consisted of a loose cluster of granules dispersed between sporozoites. Sporozoites are comma-shaped with spheroidal anterior and posterior refractile bodies. This represents the first report of coccidia from this skink genus.
A simple, self-consistent electrostatic model for quantitative prediction of the activation energies of four-center reactions. II.*†

A simple electrostatic model of point dipoles is used which permits direct calculation of the activation energies for the addition of the molecules H2O, H2S, H3N, and H3P to olefins. These calculated values agree with the known experimental data to within ±2 kcal/mole on the average. It was found that the best fit could be obtained with a polar transition state that corresponded to a reduction in bond order from 1 to ½ for the bond-breaking coordinates and an increase in bond order from 0 to 0.18 for the bond-forming coordinates. The replacement of a hydrogen atom of the species H2O, H2S, H3N, or H3P by a polarizable methyl group is expected to stabilize the charge on the central atoms. The following stabilization energies for the pairs H2OCH3OH, H2SCH3SH, H3NCH3NH2, H3PCH3PH2 were calculated: −4.8 kcal/mole, −0.7 kcal/mole, −1.9 kcal/mole, −0.8 kcal/mole, respectively.
Interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pho2 with Pho4 increases the accessibility of the activation domain of Pho4.

InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of acid phosphatase, encoded by thePHO5 gene, requires two positive regulatory factors, Pho4 and Pho2 (also called Bas2 or Grf10). UsingGAL4-PHO4 fusions, we demonstrate that a functional interaction between these two proteins is necessary for transcriptional activation to occur. This functional interaction between Pho4 and Pho2 is independent of the presence of the negative regulatory factor, Pho80, which also interacts with Pho4. Interestingly, truncations of Pho4 missing amino acids 252–265, which encompass the basic region of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA binding motif, exhibit high transcriptional activation that is independent of the Pho2 molecule. Single amino acid mutations of highly conserved residues within this area all display this Pho2-independent phenotype. A region near the C-terminus of Pho2 appears to be critical for this interaction with Pho4. A model to account for the requirement for Pho2 in Pho4-dependent transcriptional activation is proposed.
Phase modification and polymorphism in two poly(ether-block-amide) copolymers

The crystalline polyamide phase in two representative poly(ether-block-amide) copolymers has been shown to be polymorphic in nature via an analysis by X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. In both polymers, this phase was found to adopt α and γ structures analogous to those that exist in the corresponding polyamide homopolymers. Furthermore, it has been shown that phase transformation between crystal types is possible using chemical modifications.
A Federated Simulation Environment for Hybrid Systems

Hybrid computing systems consisting of multiple platform types (e.g., general purpose processors, FPGAs etc.) are increasingly being used to achieve higher performance and lower costs than can be obtained with homogeneous systems (e.g., processor clusters). Different platforms have different languages and simulators associated with them. Auto-pipe has been developed as a toolset to reduce the complexity inherent in deploying an application to a diverse resource set. In Auto-Pipe, applications are expressed using the data flow coordination language X, which describes the application in terms of interactions between functional blocks. As part of the Auto-Pipe system, X-sim has been developed as a federated distributed simulator that can be used to conveniently and efficiently simulate applications. After a short introduction to Auto-Pipe and the X language, this paper considers issues involved with total system simulation of an application mapped to a hybrid resource set. The paper then demonstrates the use of X-sim with a realtime signal processing application employed in the VERITAS gamma-ray astronomy project.
Antisense Drug Discovery: Can Cell-Free Screens Speed the Process?

Many conditions must be satisfied for an antisense drug to function. It must colocalize with its target RNA at a sufficient concentration for a bimolecular reaction to occur, and it must have a structure that favors association with its target. In addition, if the antisense compound is to form Watson-Crick bonds with the target RNA, it must be complementary to sites that are amenable to binding. Unfortunately, the peculiarities that cause certain sites to be especially vulnerable to antisense compounds are undefined, as discussed previously (Branch, 1998). Because vulnerable target sites have no common properties allowing them to be identified by sequence analysis, most target sites and their antisense counterparts are found through a trial and error process in which oligomers--each complementary to a different site in the target RNA--are tested individually to find the one with the greatest specificity and lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50). However, testing antisense molecules one at a time can be a taxing process, and there is great interest in developing cell-free screening methods that can reduce the number of compounds that must be tested in cells and in whole animals. These cell-free screens are designed to generate short lists of target sites that include the ideal site--the site most vulnerable to antisense ablation in vivo. They are based on the unproven assumption that ideal sites have distinctive properties, such as susceptibility to RNase H-mediated cleavage, that allow them to be detected in cell-free assays. This is a review of data emerging from studies using RNase H-based screens and a summary of the challenges confronting these and any similar methods that use naked RNAs as surrogates for intracellular RNAs. It is not yet clear if cell-free screening methods will be effective.
Aperiodicity in one-dimensional cellular automata

Abstract Cellular automata are a class of mathematical systems characterized by discreteness (in space, time, and state values), determinism, and local interaction. A certain class of one-dimensional, binary site-valued, nearest-neighbor automata is shown to generate infinitely many aperiodic temporal sequences from arbitrary finite initial conditions on an infinite lattice. The class of automaton rules that generate aperiodic temporal sequences are characterized by a particular form of injectivity in their interaction rules. Included are the nontrivial “linear” automaton rules (that is, rules for which the superposition principle holds); certain nonlinear automata with injectivity properties similar to those of linear automata; and a wider subset of nonlinear automata whose interaction rules satisfy a weaker form of injectivity together with certain symmetry conditions. The evolution of this last subset of automata can be viewed as consisting of multiple domains within which behavior exactly mimics that of a linear automaton. A linearization technique is used to establish that these domains coalesce in finite time to produce at most two domains, and thereby to assert the aperiodicity of their temporal sequences.
Autobatch: I. system description for the automated batchwise isolation and study of short-lived fission products

Abstract A fully automated batchwise system (autobatch) for the chemical isolation of fission products has been developed. It is shown that such a system can have a data collection efficiency comparable to that of a continuous system for fission products with half lives down to a few seconds. Examples are given of the use of the autobatch chemistry system to study fission products in the greater than 100 s time regime (250 and 170 s 132Sbm+g and 150 s 133Sb), 10–100 s time regime (10.4 s 134Sb), and less than 10 s time regime (5.3 s 84As).
Accuracy of GRACE mass estimates

The GRACE satellite mission is mapping the Earth's gravity field at monthly intervals. The solutions can be used to determine monthly changes in the distribution of water on land and in the ocean. Most GRACE studies to-date have focussed on producing maps of mass variability, with little discussion of the errors in those maps. Error estimates, though, are necessary if GRACE is to be used as a diagnostic tool for assessing and improving hydrology and ocean models. Furthermore, only with error estimates can it be decided whether some feature of the data is real, and how accurately that feature is determined by GRACE. Here, we describe a method of constructing error estimates for GRACE mass values. The errors depend on latitude and smoothing radius. Once the errors are adjusted for these factors, we find they are normally-distributed. This allows us to assign confidence levels to GRACE mass estimates.
Breast cancer detection based on time reversal and the optical theorem

We report a wave physics-based approach to change detection which can be used to detect anomalies in biological tissues such as cancer lesions from active sensing data. Of particular interest are nonionizing radiation methods such as microwave breast imaging, ultrasound imaging, and diffuse optical tomography. The biological medium surrounding the target of interest, e.g., a tumor, is assumed to be highly nonhomogeneous and reverberating. This implies that there are in general multiple paths for the propagation of wave signals from an interior domain where the target of interest is located to the sensing aperture where the scattered fields are measured. Two physical concepts are used to exploit this rich multipath environment so as to enhance change detection performance: wave time reversal, and the optical theorem which describes energy conservation in scattering phenomena. Previous related work has reported the use of time reversal for breast cancer detection. We use not only time reversal, but also the optical theorem, and propose novel algorithms based on both.
The effect of non-family experiences on age of marriage in a setting of rapid social change

This study examines the changing effects of non-family activities on the age of transition to first marriage in four cohorts of individuals across 45 years in the Chitwan Valley, Nepal. The results indicate that school enrolment had a negative effect on both men's and women's marriage rates, while total years of schooling had a positive effect on men's marriage rates. Non-family employment experiences increased marriage rates for men only. Analysing the effects of schooling and employment over time suggests that school enrolment became a growing deterrent to marriage for both sexes, and that non-family employment became an increasingly desirable attribute in men. The results are consistent with changing views about sex roles and schooling over time in the region, as the roles of student and spouse became more distinct. The results also suggest an increasing integration of husbands in the non-family labour market.
A comparative study on non-confluent and confluent human malignant brain cancer metabolic response to He-Ne laser exposures: evidence for laser enhanced cellular production of H2O2 and laser induced bystander effect

Continuous wave He-Ne laser exposures (Intensity = 35 mW/cm 2 , λ=632.8nm, Fluence range: 1J/cm 2 to 50 J/cm 2 ) on non-confluent and fully confluent human malignant glioblastoma cells was found to increase the cellular production levels of H 2 O 2 . Modulations in the cellular metabolic activity were detected (through the MTS assay) three days after the laser irradiation. The metabolic activity was found to be dependent on the laser fluence for both cell growth conditions. Furthermore, three days after the laser exposure, the potential laser induced "bystander" effect was tested through the transfer of growth media from laser irradiated cells onto non-irradiated cells. After two additional days of incubation (5 days post exposure), the non-laser irradiated cells grown under the non-confluent condition were found to have a significant increase in their metabolic activities, whereas minimal to null response was found for the fully confluent condition. For cells grown under the non-confluent conditions, modulations in the metabolic activities in the non-irradiated cells were found to be laser fluence dependent from the initial laser exposed cells treatment conditions. The results herein support the hypothesis of an important role for light enhanced cellular H 2 O 2 generation to yield bio-modulatory effects locally and at a distance. The classical "bi-phasic" modulation response of cells to light irradiation is hypothesized to depend upon the quantity of light enhanced H 2 O 2 molecules generated from the mitochondria and the number of cells which interact with the H 2 O 2 molecules.
Hantaan Virus: Identification of Virion Proteins

SDS-PAGE and immunoprecipitation analyses were carried out on the virion and cell-associated proteins of Hantaan virus, the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Purified virions have a density of 1.17 g/ml in sucrose, and contain four proteins with molecular weights of 45 000 (45K), 56K, 72K and 200K, confirming recent evidence that the virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae. Detergent treatment of virions indicates that the 45K protein is the virus nucleoprotein. Both the 72K and the 56K proteins were labelled with [3H]glucosamine and were removed from virions by bromelain treatment, indicating that they are envelope glycoproteins. The 200K protein was found only in [35S]methionine-labelled preparations. By analogy to prototype viruses of the family Bunyaviridae, these proteins were designated N, G1, G2, and L respectively. Three virus-specific proteins (N, G1, G2) were detected in virus-infected cells. These proteins were precipitable by human convalescent serum and by serum of a Rattus norvegicus trapped in the United States. No additional virus proteins were detected in infected cells. These results confirm recent morphological and RNA studies that Hantaan virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae. Our results also support the suggestion that Hantaan virus be placed in a new genus of Bunyaviridae.
Combined autonomic effects of concurrently-applied stressors.

This study attempted to determine if two stressors applied simultaneously produce greater sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity than does one stress acting alone. A preliminary study (Experiment I) was undertaken to ensure that each stress, when compared with a nonstress condition, independently produced increased SNS activity. To this end, 24 U.S. Army enlisted men (a) solved anagrams, (b) underwent semi-nude exposure to 50°F cold, and (c) watched a comedy movie. SNS activity during (a) and (b) was independently compared with (c). Subsequently, in Experiment II, Ss′ responses during a single stress (55°F cold exposure) were contrasted with those recorded during a dual stress condition (anagram solving during 55°F cold exposure). Each stress independently produced increased SNS activity, and the two stressors combined produced more SNS activity than did cold exposure alone.
Whither the MBA? Or the Withering of MBAs?

This article employs a critical realist perspective to contextualize management education, including the MBA, and facilitate debate on the prospects for its reinvention. Two decades of substantive management education critique has not resulted in any fundamental change in models of content and process used to educate managers. We argue this is a matter of ontology and discuss the advantages of critical realist ontology for addressing this issue. A critical realist analysis identifies the generative mechanisms at work that both necessitate and constrain reinvention. We argue that one generative mechanism in particular, a legitimation crisis, could ultimately lead to the transformation of management education. This is explored systemically at the institutional, programmatic and pedagogical levels.
Future Flood Frequency under Sea-Level Rise Scenarios

ABSTRACT Kriebel, D.L.; Geiman, J.D., and Henderson, G.R., 2015. Future flood frequency under sea-level rise scenarios. The effect of sea-level rise (SLR) on exceedance probabilities for annual flooding at coastal locations is explored in this paper. We assess four future SLR scenarios given by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and how these SLR scenarios affect monthly flooding statistics. Focusing on one case site, Annapolis, Maryland, we fit the probability density function of the monthly maximum tide gauge record with a Pareto-tail distribution. Random sampling from this distribution is then performed on top of the various future SLR scenarios. Exceedance probabilities for a storm tide to exceed the coastal flood stage, the elevation of which has already been established in a previous paper, are then calculated from the interpolated Pareto cumulative distribution. We illustrate that even mild increases in mean sea level acceleration lead to drastically higher exceedance probabilities of coastal flooding.
Cause of death in pediatric and infant heart transplant recipients: review of a 20-year, single-institution cohort.

Background As infant and pediatric heart transplantation becomes more common, there is a growing need to better understand the causes of failure or death, if we are to continue to improve the outcome in these children. Methods A multidisciplinary team reviewed all deaths occurring in the cohort of infants and children transplanted during the first 20 years of the Loma Linda Pediatric Heart Transplant program, with 2 additional years of follow-up beyond the 20-year accrual period, and classified them as to cause. Results There were 169 deaths among 421 recipients, with a median follow-up of 9.7 years. Autopsy was performed in 128 cases. The causes of death, in decreasing order of frequency, included acute rejection (26.0%), infection (16.0%), cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) (14.2%), technical issues (8.3%), acute graft dysfunction (6.5%), neoplasm (7.1%), chronic graft dysfunction (4.7%) and miscellaneous factors (10.1%), and in twelve deaths (7.1%) the cause was unclassified. Acute graft dysfunction and technical issues accounted for nearly two-thirds of the deaths in the first 30 days after transplant, while acute rejection resulted in the largest number of deaths after the first year (30.4%), with CAV a close second (23.5%). Conclusions Acute graft dysfunction and technical issues were the most frequent cause of early death. Late deaths were most often due to acute rejection and CAV, which differs somewhat from the experience reported in adults. Acute rejection was the single most important cause of late mortality, and resulted in a significant number of late sudden and unexpected deaths.
Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and elevated sympathetic activity in heart failure: the altered inhibitory mechanisms

Aim: There is a characteristic neurohumoral activation in heart failure (HF). However, few studies have been performed to examine the role of the central nervous system in the activation of sympathetic outflow during HF. In this paper we review some of our studies, with particular emphasis on examining the role of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the exaggerated sympathetic outflow commonly observed in HF. Results: Our studies have revealed that the inhibitory mechanisms regulating sympathetic outflow are mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the PVN and are attenuated in HF. These alterations are associated with elevated sympathetic activity. Furthermore, these studies have indicated that the interactions among excitatory (angiotensin II and glutamate) and inhibitory (NO and GABA) neurotransmitters/ mediators within the PVN significantly influence sympathetic outflow. Conclusion: Reduced inhibitory actions of NO and/or GABA within the PVN may exaggerate an increase in the actions of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and angiotensin II within the PVN and this may contribute to the overall sympatho-excitation commonly observed in HF.
Holographic anticounterfeit method and device with encoded pattern

An advanced holographic anti-counterfeit method and device is proposed to make the labels, which are used to identify the commercial products, being highly difficult to duplicate. This method provides a dot-matrix hologram, which is formed with a synthesized image including a random dispersed background pattern and a creative graphic design as a hidden pattern encoded into the background pattern. The background pattern is visible to the naked eyes of a viewer, but the hidden pattern can be viewed only through a special viewing device, such as a lenticular lens sheet. If the lenticular lens sheet covers the hologram irrelevantly or with an unfitted specification, the hidden pattern can't be decoded, and the moire effect will appear. A logo of U.S. MAIL is demonstrated as the encoded pattern, and the synthesized image is recorded in a 35 mm X 35 nm dot- matrix hologram on the photo-plate.
1203 α ADRENERGICS STIMULATE NEONATAL GLUCOSE PRODUCTION LESS THAN ADRENERGICS

Catecholamines are important in maintenance of neonatal glucose homeostasis. The relative contribution of α versus β adrenergics in control of neonatal glucose kinetics has not been established. Twenty-three term lambs [birth weight 4.4±0.2 kg (M±SEM) and age 3.8±0.4 days] were infused with 0.9% NaCL at 0.06 ml kg−1 min−1 plus 100 μCi/kg D[6- 3H] glucose by prime plus constant infusion. Ra (production)(mg · kg min−1) was measured during infusion of variable doses of epinephrine (Epi) (ng·kg−1 min−1,) with or without variable doses of propranolol (Prop) (ug · kg−1 min−1), a competitive β-adrenergic antagonist, to isolate α adrenergic effects. All basal kinetic data was comparable. Kinetic data is There was a rise in pl. glucose in all groups infused with both epinephrine + propranolol and epinephrine alone compared to controls. While there was no significant rise in Ra with either dose of epinephrine + propranolol, there was a rise in Ra in response to the higher dose of epinephrine alone compared to controls. We conclude that α adrenergics are less important than β adrenergics in control of neonatal glucose production.
Model for precipitation in polycrystalline Cu-11.55 at %-Be-0.23 at %-Co

The precipitate structure and matrix deformation were examined in a commercial Cu-11.55 at %-Be-0.23 at %-Co alloy by quantitative X-ray diffraction techniques. A model is proposed that is consistent with early electron microscopy results by Bonfield and Edwards [J. Mater. Sci. 9 (1974) 398] and recent advances by Khachaturyan and Laughlin [Acta Metall. Mater. 38 (1990) 1823]. Agreement was found for a precipitate model consisting of highly deformed versions of the equilibrium γ-phase. This is in accord with earlier results for γ″ and γ′ precipitates and is further generalized to include the GP zone for this alloy. Two states of deformation are required, i.e. one relatable to γ″ and the GP zone, with a second relatable to a continuous deformation which describes the rotation of the γ′ precipitate. The matrix becomes and remains severely deformed prior to and through the hardness maximum. Bragg-like matrix peaks become partitioned into three components: quasilines, static diffuse scattering and a residual Bragg peak. The so-called “arrowhead” scattering should be re-examined as a generalized form of Laue scattering, which includes a difference between the square of the scattering amplitudes for the precipitate and the matrix that it replaces.
E-line: A new crystal collimator beam line for source size measurements at CHESS

Abstract A new X-ray beam line has been constructed at cornell high energy synchrotron source (CHESS) to measure the vertical and horizontal source size of the positron particle beam. The cornell laboratory of elementary particle physics (LEPP) operates the storage ring (CESR) for X-ray generation for the CHESS user community by circulating electrons and their antimatter counterpart positrons in counter-rotating beams. As the laboratory reduces the emittances of particle beams to increase X-ray brilliance, there has been an increasing need for diagnostic tools to measure and monitor source size. A beam line front end that accesses the positron synchrotron light has been fitted with an experimental chamber and apparatus of compact design capable of horizontal and vertical source size measurement using the “crystal collimator” technique, and an additional setup for vertical beam position monitoring using a luminescence-based X-ray video beam position monitoring system. The crystal collimators each consist of two Si(2 2 0) crystals in a dispersive (+,+) arrangement that diffract X-rays to a fluorescent material coated on a view port observed with a CCD camera. Measurements of the positron vertical beam size using the crystal collimation method at E-line are compared with measurements of visible synchrotron light at a remotely located dedicated port on the storage ring.
The existence of TU α-core in normal form games

This paper provides a TU α-core existence result in a large class of normal form games. In the oligopoly markets of a homogeneous good, the TU α-core is non-empty if all profit functions are continuous and concave. In a general game, the existence of TU α-core follows from the weak separability, the compactness and convexity of choice sets, and the concavity and continuity of payoff functions.
Priority and position

Positional goods are goods whose relative amount determines their absolute value. Many goods appear to have positional aspects. For example, one’s relative standing in the distribution of education and wealth may determine one’s absolute condition with respect to goods like employment opportunities, self-respect, and social inclusion. Positional goods feature in recent arguments from T.M. Scanlon, Brian Barry, and Harry Brighouse and Adam Swift that assert that we should favor egalitarian distributions of positional goods even if we reject equality as a fundamental principle of distributive justice. With respect to positional goods, worsening the better off is required to better the worse off. Thus, we have reason to “level down” goods such as education and wealth in order to benefit those worse off with respect to the value of those goods. I argue that the allegedly positional aspects of the goods in question are not actually positional. Moreover, leveling down these goods risks self-defeat: it may produce a net decrease in the value of the shares of individuals with less of such goods. If so, leveling down measures would fail on their own terms.
Marine sediment acoustic measurement system

Abstract This paper describes a system that has been developed to measure compressional wave speed in cored marine sediments onboard ship. The structure enables one to secure an extruded core sample to its base and to move acoustic probes to a desired location, implant them to a specified depth into the sample and perform the measurement. The acoustic measurement system is a pulse-time delay system measuring time difference over a fixed path length and the temperature of the sediment. The time difference and temperature measurement systems are comprised of task oriented components and are housed in a single portable box. The system is adaptable to the various sample sizes obtained with the coring apparatus presently in use. Initial field tests indicate that ship motion has no effect on the system. Data collected from cores has been classified according to sediment type and displays good agreement with data presented by Hamilton (1970). The difference in compressional wave velocity, based on sediment type, for the two studies is ⩽ 5 m per sec.
Tetrandrine Inhibits Signal-Induced NF-κB Activation in Rat Alveolar Macrophages

Tetrandrine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from a natural Chinese herbal medicine. While this alkaloid has been shown to exhibit antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities, its mechanism of action is unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of tetrandrine on NF-kappa B activation in the alveolar macrophage. Three different provocative stimuli were used to activate NF-kappa B in these cells. The results indicate that tetrandrine can inhibit the activation of NF-kappa B and NF-kappa B-dependent reporter gene expression by LPS, PMA, and silica in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, at the doses used, tetrandrine did not interfere with Sp-1 DNA binding activity or Sp-1-dependent reporter gene expression in these cells. Western blot analysis suggests that the inhibitory effect of tetrandrine on NF-kappa B activation can be attributed to its ability to suppress signal-induced degradation of I kappa B alpha, a cytoplasmic inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor.
Hypercyclic subspaces of a Banach space

Recently a lot of research has been done on hypercyclicity of a bounded linear operator on a Banach space, based on the hypercyclicity criterion obtained by Kitai in 1982, and independently by Gethner and Shapiro in 1987. By combining this criterion with one extra condition, Montes-Rodriguez obtained in 1996 a sufficient condition for the operator to have a closed infinite dimensional hypercyclic subspace, with a very technical proof. Since then, this result has been used extensively to generate new results on hypercyclic subspaces. In the present paper, we give a simple proof of the result of Montes-Rodriguez, by first establishing a few elementary results about the algebra of operators on a Banach space.
Functional properties of proteins: Possible relationships between structure and function in foams

Abstract Proteins via interactions with other components in food systems perform several desirable functions which are related to their structure and physico-chemical properties. In this paper the nature of food foams, the possible relationships between the molecular structure and the foaming capacity of different proteins, and factors affecting these are discussed.
Stereoselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of α-diazoacetates via Co( ii )-based metalloradical catalysis

Co(II) complexes of D2-symmetric chiral porphyrins have been proven to be effective metalloradical catalysts for the asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of allyl α-diazoacetates. 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), through a positive trans effect, plays an important role in the enhancement of the asymmetric induction for the intramolecular cyclopropanation process. This metalloradical catalytic system is suitable for cyclopropanation of allyl α-diazoacetates with varied functional groups and substitution patterns, producing bicyclic products with complete diastereocontrol and good enantiocontrol.
Transport in Microscopically Inhomogeneous Materials

The solutions are discussed to several types of site and bond conductance networks. The site models include those which are used to describe diffusion in Si–Ge alloys and conductivity in such systems as metal-ammonia solutions and sodium-tungsten bronzes. The bond model discussed here is shown to provide a reasonable explanation of data obtained from He diffusion studies in SiO2. Several approaches to solving these conductance models are discussed including numerical solutions, percolation models, and effective medium theories. It is shown, that an extension of the site effective medium theory of Watson and Leath provides a good fit to the numerical data available on the site networks considered. Es werden Losungen verschiedener Typen von Gitterplatz- und Bindungs-Leitwerts-netzwerken diskutiert. Die Gitterplatz-Modelle schliesen diejenigen ein, die fur die Beschreibung der Diffusion in SiGe-Legierungen und der Leitfahigkeit in solchen Systemen wie Metall–Ammonium-Losungen und Natrium–Wolfram-Legierungen benutzt werden. Es wird gezeigt, das die hier diskutierten Bindungs-Modelle eine vernunftige Erklarung der Werte von He-Diffusionsuntersuchungen in SiO2 liefern. Verschiedene Verfahren zur Losung dieser Leitwertsmodelle werden diskutiert, einschlieslich numerischer Losungen, Perkolationsmodelle und Theorien des effektiven Mediums. Es wird gezeigt, das eine Erweiterung der Gitterplatztheorie des effektiven Mediums von Watson und Leath eine gute Anpassung an numerische Werte liefert, die von den behandelten Gitterplatz-Netzwerken erhaltlich sind.
Monitoring of 14 sulfonamide antibiotic residues in marine products using HPLC-PDA and LC-MS/MS

Abstract The main aim of this study is to analyze both domestic and imported marine products in Korea for 14 sulfonamide antimicrobials. Monitoring samples included flatfish, jacopever, sea bream, common eel, blue crab, shrimp, and abalone. In analyzing step, the residues of 14 sulfonamides (SAs) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector. And in confirmatory step, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for unequivocal identification of target compounds. No sulfonamide antimicrobials were found in more than 99% of the samples analyzed in this study. The monitoring results revealed that sulfadiazine was detected in two samples (flatfish and jacopever) below the maximum residue limit (MRL), 100 ㎍/㎏ as the sum of 14 sulfonamides. Of samples, one common eel containing sulfamethoxazole above the legal residue limit was found, and the detected concentration was 5104 ㎍/㎏.
Grain boundary effects in polycrystalline silicon solar cells I. Solution of the three-dimensional diffusion equation by the Green's function method

Abstract For the polycrystalline silicon solar cell problem, the three-dimensional diffusion equation of the minority carrier with grain boundary effects has been solved for the first time using Green's function method. New analytic expressions for the photocurrent and the dark current of an n-p junction fibrously grained cell have been derived. The present three-dimensional theory, which is an improvement over the previous one-dimensional theory, points out correctly the limiting factors of the solar cell. It has been shown that the current-voltage characteristics and the efficiency of a polycrystalline n-p junction cell are critically influenced by the grain boundary effects.
A new approach to code motion and its application to hoisting

An approach to code motion and hoisting, a program optimization technique, is discussed. The safety and profitability of optimization in general and hoisting in particular are analyzed. By restricting the analysis to a spanning tree imposed on the program graph, a linear algorithm is developed that provides sufficient but not necessary conditions for hoisting.
An extended class of ranking models

A further enlargement of the class of generalized Mallow's ranking models considered by Fligner and Verducci is proposed. Included in this enlarged class are rank probability distributions other than the uniform that lead to symmetric distributions for many of the common measures used to assess distances between rankings. A particular application to the standard Kendall distance is illustrated in more detail.
Optical Constants of Vacuum Evaporated Films of Cd and Tl in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

The optical constants, n and k, and energy-loss functions of vacuum evaporated Cd and Tl films were determined in the wavelength region 500 to 2800 A from reflectance measurements made at 20°, 45°, and 70° angles of photon incidence. The energy-loss functions were found to have maxima at 8.55 and 10.25 eV for Cd and Tl, respectively, as compared to the values of 8.1 and 9.6 eV found from characteristic electron energy-loss experiments.
Need, Receipt or Denial of Aid, and Attitudes toward the Benefactor

Summary The primary objective of this study was to determine if the results of an international simulation reported by Morse and Gergen (4) could be replicated in an actual aid situation where the applicant for aid was himself characterized by a definable level of financial need. A theoretical model was developed that yielded four research hypotheses concerning the combined impact of need and receipt or denial of aid upon subjects' attitudes toward a benefactor. Tests of these hypotheses were based on a questionnaire survey of students enrolled in a small, state-supported university in the Southeastern United States during the Winter quarter, 1972. Data were consistent with three of the four research hypotheses.
A homotopy for solving general polynomial systems that respects m-homogeneous structures

Methods for finding all solutions to a polynomial system, F(z) = 0, of n equations in n unknowns using a generic homotopy have been presented by several researchers over the last ten years. In this paper we describe a new method for defining a homotophy to find all solutions to a polynomial system. A major feature of this new approach is that the homotopy need not to be ''generic'' or ''random.'' The practical consequences are that the homotopy may be chosen to more closely resemble the system being solved, with a consequent potential for reducing the arc length of paths and exploiting special structures in the original system. In particular, if the system is naturally m-homogeneous, then the number of homotopy paths that need to be tracked is reduced. Since many systems that arise in applications have such a structure, this represents a significant advance over previous homotopies. We also provide a proof that the homotopy parameter is strictly increasing on homotopy paths as a function of arc length, a new result which has implications for the choice of numerical path-tracking algorithms.
Colour coding in the primate retina: diverse cell types and cone-specific circuitry.

Abstract How is the trichromatic cone mosaic of Old World primates sampled by retinal circuits to create wavelength opponency? Red-green (L versus M cone) opponency appears to be mediated largely by the segregation of L versus M cone signals to the centre versus the surround of the midget ganglion cell receptive field, implying a complex cone type-specific wiring, the basis of which remains mysterious. Blue-yellow (S versus L + M cone) opponency is mediated by a growing family of low-density ganglion types that receive either excitatory or inhibitory input from S cones. Thus, the retinal circuits that underlie colour signalling in primates may be both more complex and more diverse then previously appreciated.
Accumulation of arsenic in drinking water distribution systems.

The tendency for iron solid surfaces to adsorb arsenic is well-known and has become the basis for several drinking water treatment approaches that remove arsenic. It is reasonable to assume that iron-based solids, such as corrosion deposits present in drinking water distribution systems, have similar adsorptive properties and could therefore concentrate arsenic and potentially re-release it into the distribution system. The arsenic composition of solids collected from drinking water distribution systems (pipe sections and hydrant flush solids), where the waters had measurable amounts of arsenic in their treated water, were determined. The elemental composition and mineralogy of 67 solid samples collected from 15 drinking water utilities located in Ohio (7), Michigan (7), and Indiana (1) were also determined. The arsenic content of these solids ranged from 10 to 13 650 μg of As/g of solid (as high as 1.37 wt %), and the major element of most solids was iron. Significant amounts of arsenic were even found i...