cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling

Abstract Quaternary volcanic unrest has provided heat for episodic hydrothermal circulation in the Long Valley caldera, including the present-day hydrothermal system, which has been active over the past 40 kyr. The most recent period of crustal unrest in this region of east-central California began around 1980 and has included periods of intense seismicity and ground deformation. Uplift totaling more than 0.7 m has been centered on the caldera’s resurgent dome, and is best modeled by a near-vertical ellipsoidal source centered at depths of 6–7 km. Modeling of both deformation and microgravity data now suggests that (1) there are two inflation sources beneath the caldera, a shallower source 7–10 km beneath the resurgent dome and a deeper source ∼15 km beneath the caldera’s south moat and (2) the shallower source may contain components of magmatic brine and gas. The Long Valley Exploration Well (LVEW), completed in 1998 on the resurgent dome, penetrates to a depth of 3 km directly above this shallower source, but bottoms in a zone of 100°C fluid with zero vertical thermal gradient. Although these results preclude extrapolations of temperatures at depths below 3 km, other information obtained from flow tests and fluid sampling at this well indicates the presence of magmatic volatiles and fault-related permeability within the metamorphic basement rocks underlying the volcanic fill. In this paper, we present recently acquired data from LVEW and compare them with information from other drill holes and thermal springs in Long Valley to delineate the likely flow paths and fluid system properties under the resurgent dome. Additional information from mineralogical assemblages in core obtained from fracture zones in LVEW documents a previous period of more vigorous and energetic fluid circulation beneath the resurgent dome. Although this system apparently died off as a result of mineral deposition and cooling (and/or deepening) of magmatic heat sources, flow testing and tidal analyses of LVEW water level data show that relatively high permeability and strain sensitivity still exist in the steeply dipping principal fracture zone penetrated at a depth of 2.6 km. The hydraulic properties of this zone would allow a pressure change induced at distances of several kilometers below the well to be observable within a matter of days. This indicates that continuous fluid pressure monitoring in the well could provide direct evidence of future intrusions of magma or high-temperature fluids at depths of 5–7 km.
Transient Electromagnetic Detection of Subsea Permafrost near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: ABSTRACT

Transient electromagnetic soundings were taken at several sites along a line from the North Prudhoe Bay State (NPBS) 1 well to Reindeer Island in the Beaufort Sea during the spring of 1984. The purpose of these soundings was to delineate the depth to, and the thickness of, the ice-bonded permafrost layer known to exist below the seabed. Offshore, about 1.5-2 m of sea ice covers shallow (< 7-m or 22-ft) sea water underlain by saline, saturated sediments. Data reductions, appropriate for such high electrical conductivity, and subsequent interpretations suggest an unfrozen (or partially unfrozen) layer overlying a more resistive ice-bonded permafrost layer. Beneath the ice-bonded layer, the sediments are unfrozen and more conductive. A permafrost profile along the line, showing the depths and thicknesses of ice-bonded permafrost, was inferred from the interpretations. The unfrozen sediments appear to increase in depth from zero onshore to a maximum of about 175 m at 6 km from shore. The thickness of ice-bonded permafrost steadily decreases with increasing distance offshore, from about 560 m onshore to 300 m at 6 km from shore; it displays an increasing complexity from 9 to 14 km. End_of_Article - Last_Page 681------------
Escherichia coli mrsC is an allele of hflB, encoding a membrane-associated ATPase and protease that is required for mRNA decay.

The mrsC gene of Escherichia coli is required for mRNA turnover and cell growth, and strains containing the temperature-sensitive mrsC505 allele have longer half-lives than wild-type controls for total pulse-labeled and individual mRNAs (L. L. Granger et al., J. Bacteriol. 180:1920–1928, 1998). The cloned mrsC gene contains a long open reading frame beginning at an initiator UUG codon, confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, encoding a 70,996-Da protein with a consensus ATP-binding domain. mrsC is identical to the independently identified ftsH gene except for three additional amino acids at the N terminus (T. Tomoyasu et al., J. Bacteriol. 175:1344–1351, 1993). The purified protein had a Km of 28 μM for ATP and a Vmax of 21.2 nmol/μg/min. An amino-terminal glutathione S-transferase–MrsC fusion protein retained ATPase activity but was not biologically active. A glutamic acid replacement of the highly conserved lysine within the ATP-binding motif (mrsC201) abolished the complementation of the mrsC505 mutation, confirming that the ATPase activity is required for MrsC function in vivo. In addition, the mrsC505 allele conferred a temperature-sensitive HflB phenotype, while the hflB29 mutation promoted mRNA stability at both 30 and 44°C, suggesting that the inviability associated with the mrsC505 allele is not related to the defect in mRNA decay. The data presented provide the first direct evidence for the involvement of a membrane-bound protein in mRNA decay in E. coli.
Structural Definition of the H-2Kd Peptide-binding Motif

Classic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins associate with antigen- and self-derived peptides in an allele-specific manner. Herein we present the crystal structure of the MHC class I protein H-2Kd (Kd) expressed by BALB/c mice in complex with an antigenic peptide derived from influenza A/PR/8/34 nucleoprotein (Flu, residues 147-155, TYQRTRALV). Analysis of our structure in conjunction with the sequences of naturally processed epitopes provides a comprehensive understanding of the dominant Kd peptide-binding motif. We find that Flu residues TyrP2, ThrP5, and ValP9 are sequestered into the B, C, and F pockets of the Kd groove, respectively. The shape and chemistry of the polymorphic B pocket make it an optimal binding site for the side chain of TyrP2 as the dominant anchoring residue of nonameric peptides. The non-polar F pocket limits the amino acid repertoire at P9 to hydrophobic residues such as Ile, Leu, or Val, whereas the C pocket restricts the size of the P5-anchoring side chain. We also show that Flu is accommodated in the complex through an unfavorable kink in the otherwise extended peptide backbone due to the presence of a prominent ridge in the Kd groove. Surprisingly, this backbone conformation is strikingly similar to Db-presented peptides despite the fact that these proteins employ distinct motif-anchoring strategies. The results presented in this study provide a solid foundation for the understanding of Kd-restricted antigen presentation and recognition events.
Cutting Edge: Type 1 Diabetes Occurs Despite Robust Anergy Among Endogenous Insulin-Specific CD4 T Cells in NOD Mice

Insulin-specific CD4(+) T cells are required for type 1 diabetes. How these cells are regulated and how tolerance breaks down are poorly understood because of a lack of reagents. Therefore, we used an enrichment method and tetramer reagents to track insulin-specific CD4(+) T cells in diabetes-susceptible NOD and resistant B6 mice expressing I-A(g7). Insulin-specific cells were detected in both strains, but they only became activated, produced IFN-γ, and infiltrated the pancreas in NOD mice. Unexpectedly, the majority of Ag-experienced cells in NOD mice displayed an anergic phenotype, but this population decreased with age as tolerance was lost. B6 mice expressing I-A(g7) were protected because insulin-specific cells did not become effector or anergic T cells but remained naive. These data suggest that NOD mice promote tolerance through anergy induction, but a small proportion of autoreactive T cells escape anergy to provoke type 1 diabetes.
Diamond transistor performance and fabrication

The author reviews some of the device properties of diamonds, as well as recently developed diamond device fabrication techniques for high-frequency, high-power transistors. Two advantages of diamond over other semiconductors used for high-frequency, high power devices are its high thermal conductivity and high electric-field breakdown. Homoepitaxial diamond has been grown by both plasma and hot-filament techniques. The device properties of homoepitaxial diamond produced by the hot-filament technique are reviewed. Much of the development necessary for the production of diamond devices already exists. Doping by homoepitaxy, diamond etching, device quality SiO/sub 2/-diamond interface, and ohmic contact technology are reviewed. The remaining problems are the development of large area single crystal diamond substrates, improvement of doping techniques, and refinement in ohmic contact technology. >
Efficient video service in PON using OLT batching and priority queues

We propose Popularity-based OLT Batching (POB) for VoD service in PONs. POB uses very few queues at the OLT, a novel queue-selection algorithm, and the expected number of arrivals to decide on a queue for batching requests.
Regulation of Immune Responses by Prostaglandin E2

PGE(2), an essential homeostatic factor, is also a key mediator of immunopathology in chronic infections and cancer. The impact of PGE(2) reflects the balance between its cyclooxygenase 2-regulated synthesis and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-driven degradation and the pattern of expression of PGE(2) receptors. PGE(2) enhances its own production but suppresses acute inflammatory mediators, resulting in its predominance at late/chronic stages of immunity. PGE(2) supports activation of dendritic cells but suppresses their ability to attract naive, memory, and effector T cells. PGE(2) selectively suppresses effector functions of macrophages and neutrophils and the Th1-, CTL-, and NK cell-mediated type 1 immunity, but it promotes Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell responses. PGE(2) modulates chemokine production, inhibiting the attraction of proinflammatory cells while enhancing local accumulation of regulatory T cells cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Targeting the production, degradation, and responsiveness to PGE(2) provides tools to modulate the patterns of immunity in a wide range of diseases, from autoimmunity to cancer.
Detection of protein-dodecyl sulfate complexes with pinacryptol yellow following electrophoretic separation

Abstract A rapid technique for the location of proteins separated electrophoretically in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate in just the sample solution is described. This procedure involved the use of pinacryptol yellow to locate the protein-dodecyl sulfate complex in the polyacrylamide gel that previously had been subjected to electrophoresis. With pinacryptol yellow as a means of visualization, the time required for the detection of the protein-dodecyl sulfate bands was greatly reduced due to the elimination of the lengthy staining and destaining procedures.
Coping: A Multidimensional, Hierarchical Framework of Responses to Stressful Consumption Episodes

This research explores a phenomenon that pervades many realms of consumer behavior—the various ways that consumers cope with stress and negative emotions. In study 1, I generate and test a multidimensional scale to measure the coping construct, revealing a more diverse set of strategies than accounted for in the consumer literature on coping. I test competing theories about the hierarchical structure of the coping construct. Study 2 validates these findings and begins to establish theoretical links between the coping dimensions and their antecedent relationships with discrete emotions. In contrast to extant research linking emotions and coping, which has only investigated main effect hypotheses, I conceptualize and find empirical evidence for a model in which emotions interact with appraisals jointly to enact coping strategies. This research contributes to the emerging consumer coping literature by enriching existing theoretical conceptualizations of consumer coping processes and by validating a scale that should prove useful in consumer research.
Secretion granules of the rabbit parotid. Selective removal of secretory contaminants from granule membranes

A membrane subfraction obtained from secretion granules isolated from rabbit parotid has been shown to be contaminated by residual secretory proteins to an estimated level of 25-30% of its total protein. In the present study an additional contaminant has been identified by improved mixing experiments and by comparative peptide mapping of specific polypeptides recovered from gels of membrane and content subfractions. This contaminant coelectrophoresis with (and probably comprises the bulk of) the majority component of the membrane subfraction (mol wt approximately 40,000). The contaminating polypeptides can be removed to a large extent by treating the membranes with low concentrations of saponin in the presence of 0.3 M Na2SO4. Although this treatment disrupts the typical bilayer structure of the granule membrane, it does not appear to cause dissociation of its phospholipids or bona fide membrane proteins.
Trans-Saharan Trade and the Sahel: Damergu, 1870-1930

Consular trade returns from Tripoli show a dramatic increase in the proportion of legitimate trade in trans-Saharan exports from the central Sudan in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. This article focuses on Damergu, a Sahelian region located on the Tripoli–Kano route, and traces the reactions of North African merchants, local Tuareg rulers, and ordinary villagers to an increase and then an abrupt decline in trans-Saharan trade. North African merchants, who migrated to Damergu from Ghadames or from diaspora communities in Hausa towns, moved south after the decline of trans-Saharan trade in response to commercial opportunities in the savanna. A sharp rise in the importance of legitimate commerce in the Sahel upset the balance of power between two Tuareg groups, but the arrival of the French and the end of trans-Saharan trade eroded the power base of all Tuareg. The third group, villagers, responded to demand for new products by exchanging tanned goat skins and ostrich feathers for cheap European-made cloth and other imports. As trans-Saharan trade ended, they turned their full attention to exports of grain and animals, two forms of production and trade which had existed for some time before the boom in trans-Saharan trade. After 1900 the major change in trade patterns in these staple products was an about-face in the direction of exports corresponding to a secular decline in the desert-side economy. Whereas villagers had once taken millet primarily to Agadez, after 1900 they took progressively greater amounts south to Nigeria.
Real-time FPGA-based implementation of digital instantaneous frequency measurement receiver

A real-time architecture to the Hilbert transform is presented for an implemented digital instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver to avoid the suspension of data acquisition during signal processing due to input buffer constraints. The ability to continuously process incoming signals allows constant monitoring of the spectrum under interest, which is critical for radar signal tracking. Architectural improvements yield a 99.5% reduction in the amount of hardware used for storage and processing for the Hilbert transform component alone. Data throughput rate of the Hilbert transform increased by a factor of eighty from a single bitstream at 32 mega bits per second (Mbps) to eight bitstreams at 320 Mbps each. The maximum combined throughput rate possible of all eight channels after place and route is estimated at 4264 Mbps and verified for 3200 Mbps. Prior to the modifications, the digital IFM is capable of classifying continuous or short pulse wave signal of 1.2 GHz bandwidth with a major frequency detection error within 2 MHz for every 100 nsec 95.92% of the time.
Natural Language for Exert Systems: Comparisons with Database Systems

Do natural language database systems still ,~lovide a valuable environment for further work on n~,tural language processing? Are there other sys tems which provide the same hard environment :for testing, but allow us to explore more interesting natural language questions? In order to answer , o to the first question and yes to the second (the position taken by our panel's chair}, there must be an interesting language problem which is more naturally studied in some other system than in the database system.
Changes in cell structure during the formation of root aerenchyma inSAGITTARIA LANCIFOLIA (Alismataceae)

In many wetland species, root aerenchyma is produced by the predictable collapse of root cortex cells, indicating a programmed cell death (PCD). The objective of this study was to characterize the cellular changes that accompany this PCD in the marsh species Sagittaria lancifolia. Structural changes in membranes and organelles were examined during development of root cortex cells to compare with previous examples of PCD. The organization of cortical microtubule (CMT) arrays in root cells from S. lancifolia was also evaluated as a possible predictor of cell lysis. Nuclear fragmentation and condensation were the earliest changes observed in cells undergoing lysis. Breakdown of the tonoplast and other organelles and disruption of the plasma membrane followed. After loss of cytoplasm, cells collapsed to form gas spaces. These results were compared to collapse of root cortical cells of Zea mays and Oryza sativa during aerenchyma development. Changes in the appearance of the cytoplasm of all three species were similar at later stages of aerenchyma development. The relative timing of disintegration of the tonoplast and middle lamella appeared to differ among the three species. Changes in the organization of CMT arrays did not appear to be a predictor of PCD in S. lancifolia. Aerenchyma production in plants involves a type of PCD that is morphologically distinct from PCD described from many animals.
Trace Level Determination of Doxylamine in Nonhuman Primate Plasma and Urine by GC/NPD and HPLC

Bendectin TM contains doxylamine succinate and is used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. Trace level analytical chemical procedures for analysis of doxylamine in primate urine and plasma were required before toxicological tests with the drug in three species of nonhuman primates could be performed. A gas chromatographic procedure using a nitrogen phosphorus detector was developed to quantitate doxylamine in primate plasma at levels as low as 100 ppb. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure was also developed to assay the drug in primate urine at levels as low as 250 ppb. Data from stability studies with the drug in plasma at -5 ~ and -20~ and recovery of the drug from Bendectin tablets, plasma, and urine are also presented.
Some Physical Properties of Thoria Reinforced by Metal Fibers

Values were presented for several physical properties of thoria reinforced by metal fibers. Properties determined at room temperature include compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and Young's modulus (dynamic method). Those properties determined at elevated temperatures include modulus of rupture, Young's modulus, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and oxidation resistance. The widespread presence of fine cracks in reinforced thoria results in significantly lower strengths compared with thoria alone. The thermal conductivity of reinforced thoria is slightly greater than that of thoria at room temperature, and the difference becomes more pronounced at elevated temperatures. (auth)
Response of patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis to tamoxifen citrate

We examined whether tamoxifen citrate at 20mg/day for 1 year had a beneficial effect on laboratory findings, bone marrow mastocytosis, common clinical symptoms, or quality-of-life assessment for 5 women and 2 men with indolent systemic mastocytosis. Tamoxifen was well tolerated. We found significant reductions in the platelet count, serum alkaline phosphatase, and 24-h urinary excretion of N-methylhistamine and significant increases in serum lactate dehydrogenase and (excluding 2 patients taking aspirin) in 24-h urinary excretion of 11β-prostaglandin F2α. Overall, no change occurred in percent involvement of bone marrow by mastocytosis. Symptom scores were mild and did not change during the treatment. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores for quality of life physical and mental components showed no marked changes. Tamoxifen, an older, nonhematotoxic medication, has limited activity in systemic mastocytosis at the dosage used in this study.
Phase Change Memory Reliability: A Signal Processing and Coding Perspective

Phase change memory (PCM) is a new solid-state memory technology that promises disruptive changes in the way servers and enterprise storage systems are built. Multilevel-cell (MLC) storage is highly desirable for increasing capacity and thus lowering cost-per-bit in memory technologies. In PCM, MLC storage is hampered by noise and resistance drift. In this paper, the issue of reliability in MLC PCM is addressed. A statistical model is developed that captures the main impairments in MLC PCM cell-arrays. A signal processing and coding framework is then introduced that provides robustness to drift and noise, improving reliability and prolonging data retention. Several examples of codes are provided and practical detection schemes are described.
Registered Designs: The Protection of Industrial Designs in Singapore

[T]he state of Singapore law relating to registered designs [is that] [w]e have been over-reliant on the British registration system, creating inequities that only we can free ourselves from. This article seeks to examine the root of our problems and to map out the direction in which we should proceed in the immediate future in the realm of registered designs. ...
Acute lymphoid leukemia in adolescents: clinical and biologic features predict a poor prognosis--a Pediatric Oncology Group Study.

Analysis of remission induction rates for 1,768 children (1.5 to 11 years) and 425 adolescents (greater than or equal to 11 years) with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and of event-free survival times for 570 children and 147 adolescents, disclosed that adolescents fared significantly worse by both measures of treatment outcome (P = .0001). Adolescents with either T cell or non-T cell ALL entered remission significantly less often than did children (P = less than .02 and P = less than .001, respectively). Within each of the major immunophenotypes of ALL, adolescents had shorter duration of continuous complete remission: early pre-B (non-B, non pre-B, non-T) (P = .001), pre-B (P = .05), and T (P = .027). We compared the clinical characteristics of adolescents and children, and lymphoblast characteristics present at diagnosis to account for the inferior prognosis of adolescent patients. Adolescents had a higher incidence of T cell ALL (P = .0001) and thus a higher incidence of all T cell-associated characteristics. Adolescents with non-T, non-B ALL were more likely to be male (P = .044), and to have higher leukocyte counts (P = .002) and lower levels of IgG (P = .0003), IgA (P = .0001), and IgM (P = .002). Their leukemic cells had lower PAS scores (P = .0001), a higher incidence rate of L2 morphology by French-American-British (FAB) criteria (P = .001), common ALL antigen negativity (P = .0001), and hypodiploid or pseudodiploid karyotypes (P = .004). These findings clearly indicate an increased incidence of prognostically unfavorable clinical and biologic features in adolescents with ALL, providing a biologic explanation for their poor prognosis.
The dependence of force and velocity on calcium and length in cardiac muscle segments.

The segment length (SL) dependence of force (F) and light load shortening velocity (VL) was determined for central segments of ferret papillary muscles at different extracellular calcium concentrations. Muscles were maintained at 27°C in a physiological solution which contained in mM: NaC1 140; KC1 5.0; MgSO4 1.0; NaH2PO4 1.0; acetate 20; the pH was 7.4. Calcium concentrations were 1.125, 2.25, 4.5 and 9.0 mM.
Role of Osram Sylvania in the Economy of Elk County, Pennsylvania

Osram Sylvania employs 385 workers at an electrical lamp manufacturing plant in St. Marys, Elk County, Pennsylvania. This plant has a substantial impact on the Elk County economy
Cell-mediated immunity in vasectomized rhesus monkeys

Cell-mediated immunity in rhesus monkeys that had been vasectomized for 2, 4, 7, or 11 years was measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis following stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogens. Several of the 7-and 11-year vasectomized animals had significantly reduced PHA reactivity when compared with control animals, and the percentage of animals with reduced PHA reactivity increased with time after vasectomy.
Experimental characterization and control of a four-way non-isolating power combiner

In multi-way outphasing systems, a particular output power can be produced by multiple different combinations of input control phases. As a result, outphasing control angles can be selected to satisfy additional criteria, for example to control the input impedances to the four ports. This work explores an experimentally-determined outphasing control law based on network analyzer measurements of a fabricated 4-way combining structure. The experimental control law improves matching among the four input ports by approximately 10%.
The Laboratory Care of the Mexican Free-Tailed Bat

In order to better understand and appraise the possible role of the bat as a natural reservoir for the rabies virus it was found essential to maintain infected animals in captivity under controlled laboratory conditions for extensive periods of time. Of the species naturally infected with rabies virus that are known to occur in the United States ( Dasypterus floridanus, Lasiurus cinereus, L. seminolus, L. borealis, Myotis austroriparius, M. velifer, M. californicus, Eptesicus fuscus, Antrozous pallidus and Tadarida brasiliensis [ mexicana and cynocephela ] only the immensely gregarious Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida b. mexicana , was readily available to us for laboratory study. This is a very sturdy species capable of withstanding considerable experimental trauma although its reluctance to accept food in capitivity foiled early attempts to keep it alive and healthy. Several investigators (Gates, 1936, 1938; Ramage, 1947; Constantine, 1952) failed in their attempts to adapt the Mexican free-tailed bat to life in captivity or found it possible to do so only under a regime which is impractical in studies involving the use of a large number of animals. After a series of pilot feeding experiments, a practical procedure was developed for maintaining these animals in a healthy state for long periods of time. It is the purpose of this report to describe in detail the methods which have given satisfactory results in the collecting, housing, feeding and experimental manipulation …
Modern Methods for Local Delivery Route Design

Improving the design of routes and thereby reducing delivery costs is a major marketing problem.Here is a practical case study in which hundreds of trucks and thousands of customers were involved, ...
Serpentine Diffuser Performance with Emphasis on Future Introduction to a Transonic Fan

A serpentine diffuser for embedded propulsion systems was characterized in terms of pressure recovery and total pressure distortion generation within the discharge flow field. A new experimental facility was constructed and also characterized for this investigation to provide detailed, high fidelity measurements. Diffuser performance was characterized for five different Mach numbers with 195 axial and circumferential static pressure measurements within the diffuser flow path. Pressure distortion at the diffuser discharge was quantified with detailed static and steady total pressure measurements at the 17 inch Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). These measurements were acquired using 8 total pressure rakes with ten radial probes each while rotating the diffuser in five degree increments, yielding highly detailed pressure distortion measurements at the AIP. The wall static pressure plots of diffuser performance display signs of detached flow along the wall at design conditions. Total pressure contour plots at the AIP show a concentrated pressure distortion pattern at the top center exit of the diffuser resulting in an overall recovery factor of 0.983. Distortion descriptors are presented and discussed.
Thermodynamics and mechanisms for decomposition of protonated glycine and its protonated dimer.

We present a full molecular description of fragmentation reactions of protonated glycine (G) and its protonated dimer, H+G2, by studying their collision-induced dissociation (CID) with Xe using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS). In contrast to previous results, it is clear that H+G decomposes by loss of CO followed by H2O. Analysis of the energy-dependent CID cross sections provides the 0 K barriers for these processes as well as for the binding energy of the dimer after accounting for unimolecular decay rates, internal energy of reactant ions, and multiple ion–molecule collisions. Relaxed potential energy surface scans performed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level are used to map the reaction surfaces and identify the transition states (TSs) and intermediate reaction species for the reactions, structures that are further optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. Single-point energies of the key optimized structures are calculated at B3LYP and MP2(full) levels using a 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set. T...
The Genus Plectania and its Segregates in North America

(1948). The Genus Plectania and its Segregates in North America. Mycologia: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 482-497.
Centromeric Transcription Regulates Aurora-B Localization and Activation

Centromeric transcription is widely conserved; however, it is not clear what role centromere transcription plays during mitosis. Here, I find that centromeres are transcribed in Xenopus egg extracts into a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA; cen-RNA) that localizes to mitotic centromeres, chromatin, and spindles. cen-RNAs bind to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) in vitro and in vivo. Blocking transcription or antisense inhibition of cen-RNA leads to a reduction of CPC localization to the inner centromere and misregulation of CPC component Aurora-B activation independently of known centromere recruitment pathways. Additionally, transcription is required for normal bipolar attachment of kinetochores to the mitotic spindle, consistent with a role for cen-RNA in CPC regulation. This work demonstrates that cen-RNAs promote normal kinetochore function through regulation of the localization and activation of the CPC and confirm that lncRNAs are components of the centromere.
Analysis On Death Circumstances Of Malignant Tumors Of Urban Residents In Tongling City From 2005 To 2009

Objective To investigate the death status of malignant tumors among urban residents in Tongling,and provide a basis for the prevention and control of malignant tumors.Methods The indices such as mortality rate(MR),standardized mortality rate(SMR),potential years of life lost(PYLL) and rate of PYLL were used to analyze the death status of malignant tumors of the residents.Results The annual average MR of malignant tumors was 151.28/lakh,the SMR was 144.19/lakh,the rate of PYLL was 11.0‰,and malignant tumors were the top death cause among all death causes.The top five death causes of malignant tumors were lung cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and intestine cancer respectively.Among them,lung cancer accounted for 25.08% with a MR of 37.94/lakh.Among malignant tumors,the top five rank order of the rate of PYLL was lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer and intestine cancer respectively.The rank order of the rate of PYLL was very different from that of the MR in male's liver cancer and female's breast cancer.Conclusion Malignant tumor had become a leading death cause of urban residents in Tongling city.In urban areas of Tongling,lung cancer,gastric cancer,male liver cancer,female breast cancer and adolescent leukemia were the focus of future prevention and treatment of malignant tumor.
Ranking Planar Embeddings Using PQ-Trees

Abstract In this paper we describe procedures, based on a level embedding of a given planar graph G , for enumerating and linearly ordering all different embeddings of the graph. PQ -trees used in the embedding algorithm are natural structures for the solution of the above problems since they provide for a simple counting recurrence, and reduce the ordering problem to, essentially, ranking and unranking permutations.
The Basic Structure and Authorities of Local Governments

The Japanese have an affinity for neat, clean, and relatively disciplined structures of government, and the nature of their 1947 Constitution has permitted them to carry that discipline into the design of local governments. The basic structure and authorities of prefectures and municipalities have been defined not by those governments themselves, but by a series of national laws which mandate essentially the same institutional architecture at all three levels. A look at prefectures will illustrate the point.
Training Outcomes of Field Instructors in the Evidence-Based Practice Process Model.

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated a continuing education training program designed to increase field educators’ capacities to support students in their application of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process. A cohort of social work field instructors and task supervisors from agency-based settings (N = 186) attended a 1-day interactive skill-based training. Pre- and postsurveys assessed learning outcomes. Findings reveal a significant improvement from pre- to posttraining in the social work educators’ familiarity, t(179) = 22.8; attitude, t(180) = 12.73; and intentions, t(178) = 11.89, regarding EBP. Results indicate that skill-based training in the EBP process model via continuing education is feasible and acceptable.
1859 Darwin and Behavior

Natural selection shapes behavior, and sexual selection has a special role in the evolution of signals used in mating and courtship. Domestication is the result of selection that is guided by humans. Animals have emotions, which are expressed in their social interactions.
Temporal Proximity Promotes Integration of Overlapping Events

Events with overlapping elements can be encoded as two separate representations or linked into an integrated representation, yet we know little about the conditions that promote one form of representation over the other. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the proximity of overlapping events would increase the probability of integration. Participants first established memories for house-object and face-object pairs; half of the pairs were learned 24 hr before an fMRI session, and the other half 30 min before the session. During scanning, participants encoded object-object pairs that overlapped with the initial pairs acquired on the same or prior day. Participants were also scanned as they made inference judgments about the relationships among overlapping pairs learned on the same or different day. Participants were more accurate and faster when inferring relationships among memories learned on the same day relative to those acquired across days, suggesting that temporal proximity promotes integration. Evidence for reactivation of existing memories-as measured by a visual content classifier-was equivalent during encoding of overlapping pairs from the two temporal conditions. In contrast, evidence for integration-as measured by a mnemonic strategy classifier from an independent study [Richter, F. R., Chanales, A. J. H., & Kuhl, B. A. Predicting the integration of overlapping memories by decoding mnemonic processing states during learning. Neuroimage, 124, 323-335, 2016]-was greater for same-day overlapping events, paralleling the behavioral results. During inference itself, activation patterns further differentiated when participants were making inferences about events acquired on the same day versus across days. These findings indicate that temporal proximity of events promotes integration and further influences the neural mechanisms engaged during inference.
Roegneria alashanica Keng: a species with the StStStYStY genome constitution

The genome constitution of tetraploid Roegneria alashanica Keng has been in question for a long time. Most scientific studies have suggested that R. alashanica had two versions of the St genome, St1St2, similar to that of Pseudoroegneria elytrigioides (C. Yen & J.L. Yang) B.R. Lu. A study, however, concluded that R. alashanica had the StY genome formula typical for tetraploid species of Roegneria. For the present study, R. alashanica, Elymus longearistatus (Bioss.) Tzvelev (StY genomes), Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) A. Love (St), Pseudoroegneria libanoctica (Hackel) D.R. Dewey (St), and Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love (St) were screened for the Y-genome specific marker B14(F+R)269. All E. longearistatus plants expressed intense bands specific to the Y genome. Only 6 of 10 R. alashanica plants exhibited relatively faint bands for the STS marker. Previously, the genome in species of Pseudoroegneria exhibiting such faint Y-genome specific marker was designated as StY. Based on these results, R...
Bronchial neuroendocrine neoplasms: A Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database review of demographics and survival in 187,991 cases.

4097 Background: Bronchial neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a biologically heterogeneous group of malignancies whose differences are incompletely understood. We aimed to study the demographics and survival of patients with these neoplasms by reviewing the SEER database. Methods: We identified 945,331 cases in the SEER database with malignancies of the lung and extracted 187,991 bronchial NENs to examine patient characteristics & clinical outcomes by histology and stage. Results: By histology and grade, there were 130,092 cases of small cell carcinoma, 44,520 cases of large cell carcinoma, 3,349 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (grade 3/4), 9,135 cases of typical bronchial carcinoid (grade 1), and 895 cases of atypical bronchial carcinoid (grade 2). The ethnic predilection was Caucasian (87%, with 9% black and 4% other). Overall there were more cases in men (55% of the entire cohort), but women accounted for 66% of the carcinoid cases. Mean age at diagnosis for all NENs was 66, with typical carcinoids ...
New Paint Developments on American Automobiles

SummaryThe first part of this paper describes the development of an epoxy primer-surfacer/melamine alkyd enamel system to replace an alkyd primer-surfacer enamel system for automobile bodies and parts. The second part describes the progress made in the development of water-based materials for painting automobile bodies and parts. In conclusion, brief reference is made to possible future developments in this field.
An Improved Framework for Layering Linguistic Processes in Sign Language Generation: Why There Should Never Be a “Brows” Tier

Creating legible animations of sign language that satisfy the needs of native users requires drawing from the fields of computational linguistics, computer animation and user experience research. This paper explores the problem of layering the many linguistic processes that contribute to a sign language utterance in avatar animation. A new framework is presented that satisfies requirements from each of these fields, and yields a flexible architecture for sign language avatars capable of leveraging a wide range of animation techniques to generate rich multi-layered animations of sign.
Abel Soler Molina, «El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspirà el “Tirant lo Blanc”», València, Edicions Alfons el Magnànim («Estudis universitaris», núm. 133), 2014. 2 vols. 981 pp.

Ressenya sobre el llibre d'Abel Soler Molina, El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspira el “Tirant lo Blanc” , Valencia, Edicions Alfons el Magnanim («Estudis universitaris», num. 133), 2014. 2 vols. 981 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7822-639-9
Negotiating to Hold On and Let Go

To withstand challenges to your leadership, keep in mind three fundamental principles. First, you are the leader of a particular group, institution, or nation because certain influential individuals or groups support your hold on that position. Second, those key players give their support to you not because of your charisma or their affection for you, but because they judge that doing so is in their interests. Third, their perception of their interests in your leadership may change at any time. When that happens, they may withdraw their support and thereby put your leadership in jeopardy.
Stereoselective β-mannosylation via anomeric O-Alkylation: Concise synthesis of β-D-Xyl-(l→2)-β-D-Man-(1→4)-α-D-Glc-OMe, a trisaccharide oligomer of the hyriopsis schlegelii glycosphingolipid

Synthesis of β-D-Xyl-(l→2)-β-D-Man-(1→4)-α-D-Glc-OMe (1), a tr-isaccharide oligomer of the Hyriopsis schlegelii glycosphingolipid is described. The synthesis involves a key β-mannosylation via cesi...
Model-Based Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening: Where Theory Meets Practice

Cheung and colleagues argue for moving from lung cancer screening based on the National Lung Screening Trial eligibility criteria toward risk-based testing, and Kumar and colleagues examine the cos...
The Question of Electrophysiological Asymmetries Preceding Speech

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study that investigates pertinence of some task parameters, recording sites, time course of analysis, and possible artifact sources to pre-articulatory slow potentials. It uses the readiness potential methodology—a technique that has revealed reliable potentials of cerebral origin that precede and are time locked to voluntary movement. It is impossible to prove that extracerebral generators are not responsible for scalp-recorded asymmetry in electroencephalography; however, the probability that such extracerebral generators are artifactual sources of the scalp-recorded findings is highly questionable. At one basic level, articulation of polysyllabic words requires rapid sequential shifting, which is called “switching,” from one articulatory position to different ones. Sequential shifting may also require the ability to repeat, in a staccato fashion, any articulatory position; this multiple linking of the same articulatory position is called “chaining.”
Modeling a piezoelectric biological membrane

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the modeling of the composite membrane (wall) of the cochlear outer hair cell. Cochlear outer hair cells play the key role in the active amplification and sharp frequency selectivity in the mammalian ear. These cells have a unique form of motility, called “electromotility,” where unconstrained cells change their lengths and constrained cells produce the active force in response to changes in the cell transmembrane potential. The outer hair cells are located within a confined space between two vibrating cochlear membranes, the basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane. Recently, major features of the molecular mechanism of outer hair cell electromotility associated with protein prestin have been discovered. The outer hair cell is an elongated cylinder with a liquid core inside bounded by a tri-laminar membrane (wall): the innermost package of lipid bilayers, the middle cytoskeleton whose properties cause effective anisotropy of the membrane, and the outermost composition of a lipid bilayer and protein particles associated with the molecular motors driving electromotility.
Modeling and testing a family of surgical robots: an experience report

Safety-critical applications often use dependability cases to validate that specified properties are invariant, or to demonstrate a counter example showing how that property might be violated. However, most dependability cases are written with a single product in mind. At the same time, software product lines (families of related software products) have been studied with the goal of modeling variability and commonality, and building family based techniques for both analysis and testing. However, there has been little work on building an end to end dependability case for a software product line (where a property is modeled, a counter example is found and then validated as a true positive via testing), and none that we know of in an emerging safety-critical domain, that of robotic surgery. In this paper, we study a family of surgical robots, that combine hardware and software, and are highly configurable, representing over 1300 unique robots. At the same time, they are considered safety-critical and should have associated dependability cases. We perform a case study to understand how we can bring together lightweight formal analysis, feature modeling, and testing to provide an end to end pipeline to find potential violations of important safety properties. In the process, we learned that there are some interesting and open challenges for the research community, which if solved will lead towards more dependable safety-critical cyber-physical systems.
The Helmholtz Equation Least-Squares Method

In engineering applications, most vibrating surfaces are of arbitrary shapes. Moreover, the environments are often nonideal such that the radiated acoustic pressure field cannot be solved by any analytic methods, including expansion theories. Therefore, approximate solutions are sought. The Helmholtz equation least-squares (HELS) method [37, 38] offers such approximate solutions to a wide variety of acoustic radiation problems encountered in practice. Note that HELS can not only be used to reconstruct but also to predict the radiated acoustic field emitted by an arbitrarily shaped vibrating body.
Interpretable, highly accurate brain decoding of subtly distinct brain states from functional MRI using intrinsic functional networks and long short-term memory recurrent neural networks

Decoding brain functional states underlying cognitive processes from functional MRI (fMRI) data using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) techniques has achieved promising performance for characterizing brain activation patterns and providing neurofeedback signals. However, it remains challenging to decode subtly distinct brain states for individual fMRI data points due to varying temporal durations and dependency among different cognitive processes. In this study, we develop a deep learning based framework for brain decoding by leveraging recent advances in intrinsic functional network modeling and sequence modeling using long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Particularly, subject-specific intrinsic functional networks (FNs) are computed from resting-state fMRI data and are used to characterize functional signals of task fMRI data with a compact representation for building brain decoding models, and LSTM RNNs are adopted to learn brain decoding mappings between functional profiles and brain states. Validation results on fMRI data from the HCP dataset have demonstrated that brain decoding models built on training data using the proposed method could learn discriminative latent feature representations and effectively distinguish subtly distinct working memory tasks of different subjects with significantly higher accuracy than conventional decoding models. Informative FNs of the brain decoding models identified as brain activation patterns of working memory tasks were largely consistent with the literature. The method also obtained promising decoding performance on motor and social cognition tasks. Our results suggest that LSTM RNNs in conjunction with FNs could build interpretable, highly accurate brain decoding models.