cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protests and civil society in Russia: The struggle for the Khimki Forest

Abstract The main question on which this article focuses is this: What conditions determine whether a group carrying out protests in Russia is more likely to be successful in attracting support by recruiting people to participate in its activities and gaining sympathy from many members of the population? There is strong agreement among experts on Russian society and politics that protests in defense of abstract, general rights do not appeal to most citizens. This article focuses on groups using protest tactics that have been more successful in gaining support, such as the Defenders of the Khimki Forest. The evidence that is presented in this article suggests that Russians are more likely to take part in protests by an organized group if it seeks remedies for concrete problems that directly affect them and their families. The appeal to felt needs that are grounded in everyday experiences also seems to be an important factor that helps a group to evoke a favorable response toward its actions among broad circles of the general public. For those doing scholarly research, to interpret the development of civil society in Russia mainly in terms of the struggles of human rights groups and political opposition movements would lead the researchers to neglect the activities of most social organizations in Russia.
‘Speaking’ deficit into (or out of) existence: how language constrains classroom teachers’ knowledge about instructing diverse learners

This article explores the talk among novice teachers who participated in an inquiry project designed to rethink the instruction for their struggling students by drawing upon competence rather than deficiencies. A critical discourse analysis (CDA) based on theories of systemic functional linguistics and CDA provided tools to explore how their use of language afforded or constrained their efforts to better serve diverse learners in their urban elementary classrooms. The analysis indicates the power of normative and deficit discourses that continue to predominate within educational culture. It reflects on this analysis and discusses potential benefits of centralising language awareness and a social/critical lens to ongoing professional development.
Morphometric analysis of CD4+, CD8+, and gamma/delta+ T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strains RB51 and 19.

Abstract T-lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in vivo by computer-assisted morphometry of superficial cervical lymph nodes of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus . Twenty-four 8-month-old Hereford heifers were injected subcutaneously in the axillary area with 1×10 10 live B. abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 12) or strain 19 (S19, n = 6) suspended in 2 ml of saline. Six control heifers were injected with sterile saline. Lymph nodes were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks postvaccination. Both SRB51 and S19 were cultured from lymph nodes, but SRB51 persisted for a longer period after vaccination (10 weeks) than S19 (6 weeks). Cryostat sections were incubated with monoclonal antibody to CD4 (IL-A11), CD8 (IL-A51), or γ δ (IL-A29) bovine T-cell surface antigen and processed for immunoperoxidase staining. Numbers of stained lymphocytes in randomly selected fields were calculated using image-analysis software. There were no significant differences in the number ( P = 0.07) or relative proportions ( P = 0.22) of CD4 + , CD8 + , and γ δ + lymphocytes in SRB51, S19, and control lymph nodes. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the three T-cell subsets ( P = 0.001). The CD4 + cells were most closely grouped and the γ δ + cells had the most widely scattered distribution, regardless of vaccination status. The results support other studies indicating lymphocyte depletion is not a sequela of infection with B. abortus vaccine strains given to conventionally reared cattle.
Improvement of the anti-C3 activity of compstatin using rational and combinatorial approaches.

Compstatin is a 13-residue cyclic peptide that has the ability to inhibit the cleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b. The effects of targeting C3 cleavage are threefold, and result in hindrance of: (i) the generation of the pro-inflammatory peptide C3a, (ii) the generation of opsonin C3b (or its fragment C3d), and (iii) further complement activation of the common pathway (beyond C3) with the end result of the generation of the membrane attack complex. We will report on our progress on: (i) rational design of more active compstatin analogues based on the three-dimensional structure of compstatin, (ii) experimental combinatorial design based on the generation of a phage-displayed peptide library partially randomized with the implementation of structure-induced restraints, and (iii) theoretical combinatorial design based on a novel computational optimization method, structure-induced restraints and flexible structural templates. All three approaches have resulted in analogues with improved activities. Currently, the lead analogue has the sequence acetyl-I[CVYQDWGAHRC]T-NH2 (where the brackets denote cyclization), and is 16-fold more active than the parent peptide. We will also report on our progress towards understanding the dynamic character of compstatin using molecular dynamics simulations. The identification of an ensemble of interconverting conformers of compstatin with variable populations is a first step towards the incorporation of dynamic elements in the design of new analogues using dynamics–activity relationships in addition to structure–activity relationships.
Preliminary results of wind measurements by GLOW system in field campaigns

The Goddard Lidar Observatory for Wind (GLOW) has participated three field campaigns since Sept. 2000. Near 300 hours of wind measurement under a wide variety of conditions including day and night operation, high and low altitude, line of sight and horizontal winds, have been obtained from the GroundWinds intercomparison, Harlie-GLOW intercomparison ( HARGLO) and the International H2O Project (IHOP) field campaigns. The GLOW system has demonstrated the capability to atmospheric wind from ground up to 30 km with an accuracy of 0.4-6m/s.
The Market for Fine Art and the Economy

This article examines the relationship between the market for art and the economy. The art market has long been an alternative investment for investors seeking capital appreciation as well as enjoyment from the art. Although the market for art has been studied in the financial and economic literature, no studies have looked at the relationship between the economy and the market for art. In this study, economic variables such as inflation, unemployment, the stock market, and interest rates are used to determine how the art market is affected by the economy. Time series regressions are used to establish the relationship and to quantify the effects. An art index is gathered from Art Market Research data. This study finds a strong relationship between the market for art and the economy. In general, the results show that as the economy expands, the market for art improves. There is some evidence of a negative relationship between the stock market and art market in the near term and of a positive relationship when the stock market is lagged two months.
Spoken Narrative and Preferred Clause Structure: Evidence from Modern Hebrew Discourse

This study examines the spontaneous oral narrative of three native speakers of Hebrew for overall clause structure in terms of number and type of arguments per clause, following DuBois' (1985) theory of Preferred Argument Structure. The results indicate that there exists a preferred shape for narrative clauses in Hebrew and that it strongly parallels that which has been found in the ergative Mayan language, Sacapultec, upon which Du Bois' study is based. As Hebrew is a nominative-accusative language, the results point to the universality of pragmatic-cognitive factors and information flow in discourse.
Traitement hybride d'un anévrysme de l'aorte thoraco-abdominale : débranchement par robot et traitement endovasculaire

Le debranchement chirurgical et le traitement endovasculaire constituent une approche hybride attractive chez les malades a haut risque ayant un anevrysme thoraco-abdominal ne se pretant pas a une chirurgie conventionnelle. La technologie robotique constitue un domaine en pleine evolution dans le traitement des lesions occlusives et anevrysmales aorto-iliaques. Nous presentons un cas dans lequel un traitement hybride par debranchement robotique et traitement endovasculaire a ete realise chez un malade ayant un anevrysme thoraco-abdominal de type III symptomatique de 7 cm de diametre. L'approche par robotique a ete utilisee pour l'exposition de l'artere iliaque et la suture des anastomoses proximales des protheses de debranchement. La technique a egalement ete utile pour limiter l'etendue de l'incision abdominale chez un malade ayant des comorbidites severes. Les avantages de la reconstruction vasculaire par robotique assistee par ordinateur comportent un champ de vision tridimensionnelle et une precision technique importante pour la dissection et les anastomoses vasculaires.
The release and percutaneous permeation of anthralin products, using clinically involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin

The release and permeation of 1% Westragel and 1% Westrastick and three commercial 1 % anthralin products were investigated in vitro with the use of a Franz diffusion cell unit. An inert Teflon membrane with a mesh opening of 74 μ was used for measuring the rate of release. Involved psoriatic and uninvolved human skin collected from the same subjects were used for the permeation study. The permeation of danthron and dianthrone, the major degradation products of anthralin, was also studied with the use of microemulsion gels of 1 % danthron and 1 % dianthrone, which were prepared in the same way as 1% Westragel. The penetrating anthralin, danthron, and dianthrone were stabilized by a modified receptor fluid, and sample solutions were analyzed by a high-power liquid chromatography method. Involved psoriatic skin was found to be much more permeable to anthralin than was uninvolved psoriatic skin. The slow permeation rate of anthralin, danthron, and dianthrone through normal skin and uninvolved skin indicates that the stratum corneum is the rate-limiting barrier. In involved psoriatic skin, the release rate of anthralin from the topical product becomes the rate-determining step. Large individual variations were found in the permeation of anthralin through involved psoriatic skin, suggesting that the permeation rate of anthralin also may depend on the disease state of psoriatic patients. The anthralin molecule, possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic centers, diffused significantly faster than did danthron and dianthrone. Westragel, 1 %, showed the highest diffusion rate as well as the highest driving force when compared to other commercial 1% anthralin products. This suggests that 1% Westragel may be an optimal design, especially for short-contact anthralin therapy.
Two distinct signalling cascades target the NF-κB regulatory factor c-IAP1 for degradation

c-IAP1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1) has recently emerged as a negative regulator of the non-canonical NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling cascade. Whereas synthetic IAP inhibitors have been shown to trigger the autoubiquitination and degradation of c-IAP1, less is known about the physiological mechanisms by which c-IAP1 stability is regulated. In the present paper, we describe two distinct cellular processes that lead to the targeted loss of c-IAP1. Recruitment of a TRAF2 (tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2)–c-IAP1 complex to the cytoplasmic domain of the Hodgkin's/anaplastic large-cell lymphoma-associated receptor, CD30, leads to the targeting and degradation of the TRAF2–c-IAP1 heterodimer through a mechanism requiring the RING (really interesting new gene) domain of TRAF2, but not c-IAP1. In contrast, the induced autoubiquitination of c-IAP1 by IAP antagonists causes the selective loss of c-IAP1, but not TRAF2, thereby releasing TRAF2. Thus c-IAP1 can be targeted for degradation by two distinct processes, revealing the critical importance of this molecule as a regulator of numerous intracellular signalling cascades.
Gas hydrate and chemosynthetic biota in mounded bathymetry at mid-slope hydrocarbon seeps: Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract We present nested surveys of four hydrocarbon seeps that contain abundant, shallow deposits of gas hydrate. The two sites mapped in greatest detail were at ∼550 m depths, the others at ∼1050 and ∼1900 m, respectively. Formation and dissociation of shallow deposits generated variability in seafloor geology and ecology that appeared to decrease at greater depths. The deposits typically formed mounds in a size range from a few meters to hundreds of meters in diameter and centimeters to tens of meters in height. These high-flux regions are also colonized by chemosynthetic species. At the two shallower seeps, data comprised laser line-scan mosaics, analog side-scan sonar mosaics, dense bathymetric grids, quantitative video records, 2–12 kHz chirp sub-bottom profiles and surface reflectance, 3D seismic data. Additional ground-truth data were obtained from piston cores and numerous animal and sediment collections. Datasets were assembled as GIS layers and geographically co-registered. In the shallower sites, gas hydrate deposits and extensive chemosynthetic communities were concentrated adjacent to lithified fault scarps where surface reflectance data from 3D seismic records showed the lowest amplitudes. Sub-bottom profiles revealed complex and abrupt transitions from regions in which surface strata appear as distinct, closely spaced layers to areas in which the strata were blanked by continuous, moderate-intensity returns. Within the blanked zone and adjacent to the normally stratified strata, the seafloor had a distinctively undulating profile caused by irregular hydrate deposits. Hydrate occurred as layers, which were ∼10 cm to >1 m thick, and generally buried under tens of centimeters of sediment, but occasionally exposed as outcrops on slopes. Sediments over hydrate deposits were covered with bacterial mats. Larger mounds were colonized by continuous aggregations of vestimentiferans tube worms. Outcropping hydrate deposits were colonized by the polychaete Hesiocaeca methanicola and by the seep mussel Bathymodiolus childressi. Streams of oil and gas escape from vents in the seafloor or from patches of exposed gas hydrate. The tube worms were most abundant in regions that reflected less seismic energy than the surrounding seafloor. At the deeper sites, preliminary survey results found similar topography, and biological colonies that included bacterial mats and mussels, but no active gas venting and very few colonies of tube worms. Negative surface reflectance amplitudes were also absent on these mounds. This suggests that development of chemosynthetic communities changes substantially with increasing depth.
Bäcklund transformations induced by symmetries

Abstract We give a general method for the derivation of Backlund transformations induced by symmetries for soliton equations that are compatibility conditions of certain 2×2 linear systems. As an application of this method, we obtain new Backlund transformations for the discrete mKdV equation: ∂q n / ∂t =(1+ q 2 n ) ( q n +1 - q n −1 ), nonlinear Schrodinger equation: i ∂q n /∂t=q n+1 +q n−1 -2q n +q n q ∗ n (q n+1 +q n−1 ) , sine-Gordon equation: ∂q n +1 / ∂t - ∂q n / ∂t =2 h (sin q n +1 +sin q n ) and KdV equation: ∂q n / ∂t =exp(- q n −1 )-exp(- q n +1 ).
X2R: a system for managing XML documents and key constraints using RDBMS

We describe X2R, an XML document management system which supports efficient storage, retrieval and key constraints for XML documents. The system is based on a mapping algorithm that translates a DTD to a relational schema. Based on the mapping, node groups are range indexed and shredded into the database. It has been shown that queries are executed several times faster than using the methods in literature, and space usage is significantly reduced. We have also added key support to the system by propagating key constraints for XML documents to keys in a relational schema. The system was designed for efficient access of the vast amount of environmental data, which are widely available in XML format.
Charmonium dissociation in hadronic matter

Production of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ from nucleus-nucleus reactions depends sensitively on the dissociation cross section with light hadrons. Effective Lagrangian methods are used to describe the hadronic degrees of freedom, including strangeness and charm. Cross sections with pions, rho mesons, kaons, and nucleons having magnitudes 4--8 mb are found, and with steep thresholds. This, folded with thermal momentum distributions for the scattering partners, suggests a mean dissociation lifetime $\ensuremath{\simeq}20\mathrm{fm}/c.$ Therefore, the ``abnormal'' $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ suppression seen in recent $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ experiments seems to owe a debt to expected hadron kinetics.
A syntactic approach to texture analysis

Abstract A syntactic model for the generation of structured textures and for the discrimination of textures is proposed. A texture pattern is first divided into fixed-size windows. Windows belonging to the same texture pattern are then characterized by a tree grammar. This tree grammar is used for synthesis as well as discrimination. If it is considered necessary, distortion or noise is introduced by using stochastic tree grammars. Finally, a set of error-correcting tree automata is used as a texture discriminator. Illustrative examples of texture synthesis and discrimination are presented.
The hydrodynamics of magnetic nonequilibrium

Because the dynamical nonequilibrium of closely packed twisted flux tubes is essentially the problem of two-dimensional MHD turbulence, the extensive literature on two-dimensional turbulence represents the hydrodynamics of magnetic nonequilibrium. Many features of the turbulence can conversely be understood as a consequence of the dynamical nonequilibrium. Attention is presently given to the dynamics of the strong fluid jets, issuing from reconnection points, that are exhibited by numerical simulations of two-dimensional turbulence. Simple examples are given which show that the uniformity of jet width observed is a consequence of the form of the pressure of the magnetic fields between which the jets are confined. The general hydrodynamics of a layer of fluid confined by steady pressures is reducible to a quadrature, so that a variety of effects may be considered, including gravitation. The dissipation of the solar corona is discussed.
Randomized truthful auctions of digital goods are randomizations over truthful auctions

In the digital goods setting we prove that for any randomized auction which is truthful in expectation, there exists an equivalent randomized auction which randomizes over truthful deterministic auctions. By equivalent auctions we mean auctions in which the probability of winning and the expected price offered are the same for all bidders for all bid values. We also prove an approximate equivalence proof in the case where the bids come from a discrete space. Finally, we consider the computational issue of finding an efficient equivalent auction.
The hyperbolic potential of the heavy-quark interaction

We propose a nonrelativistic model of heavy-quark interaction mediated by a one-particle exchange, and derive a phenomenological confining potential which is independent of flavor and color of quarks. It contains only one fitting parameter interpreted as mass of the virtual field induced by the strong charge of the exchange particle.
Simultaneous antibody blockade of L-selectin and MAdCAM-1 is required for amelioration of chronic ileitis in the SAMP1/Yit Fc-SCID adoptive transfer model of Crohn's disease

Simultaneous antibody blockade of L-selectin and MAdCAM-1 is required for amelioration of chronic ileitis in the SAMP1/Yit Fc-SCID adoptive transfer model of Crohn's disease
Membrane potential differences with the polyelectrolyte complex— poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium)—poly(styrenesulfonate)

Abstract Concentration potential differences were measured for KCl, CaCl 2 , and NaBr across films cast from stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric mixtures of poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodiumstyrene sulfonate) in solution. With KCl, the nonstoichiometric films behave rather closely as ion-exchange membranes with a fixed charge of 3 N for both the anion and cation exchangers, whereas the ostensibly neutral membrane behaved as a weak ( ca. 0.06 N ) anion exchanger with both KCl and CaCl 2 . Possible reasons for the latter result are slight deviations from stoichiometry in the reaction mixture or burial of some of the less bulky sulfonate groups (with associated microions) in the gelation step. The membrane potential differences of stoichiometric film with NaBr indicated considerable site-binding and/or decrease of the mobility of the Br − ion.
Depression, gender, gender role traits, and the wish to be held

Different forms of the wish to be held were examined with measures of femininity, masculinity, and various types of depression in a sample of normal young adults whose ethnicity resembled that of national statistics. Women reported greater wishes to be held than men. However, the wish to be held, which was uncorrelated with depressive symptomatology, related positively to femininity and feelings of efficacy for men, but positively to anaclitic and introjective depression for women. For women, gender role traits also were important for wishes to be held entailing themes of strategy and deprivation. Since gender differences regarding various depressive experiences did not account for these findings, the wish to be held may have different meanings for men and women.
A REPEATED-MEASURES PERMUTATION PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL DATA '

Summary.-Data from the semantic daerential are often analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. The problem of an appropriate distance function is addressed and a permutarion multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance is introduced which preserves the Euclidean data space mandated by the semanuc differential. Since its introduction in 1952 (Osgood, 1952; Osgood & Suci, 1952) and extensive elaboration in 1957 (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 19571, the semantic differential technique for investigating connotative and metaphorical meanings has played an important role in psychological research (Finstuen, 1977; Heise, 1969). Over the past four decades the semantic differential has been applied in many other areas of research including education, marketing, communication research, and cross-cultural studies. It is rarely mentioned in recent discussions of the semantic differential that the method radically departs from the original formulation as proposed by 0sgood, et al. (1957). The purpose of this report is to propose an alternative method of analysis for the semantic dfferential which conforms to the procedure initially advanced by Osgood, et al. (1957).
A Mechanical Engineering Programme Categorized into Curricular Threads

In order to facilitate useful curriculum deliberations and to satisfy accreditation requirements the undergraduate mechanical engineering programme at this university has been categorized into ‘curricular threads' which represent major themes. Each thread begins at the freshman year and continues through the senior year. The curricular threads and their respective contributions to the programme are: engineering design (12.8%), engineering science (21.4%), engineering analysis (12.4%), engineering support (13.1%), hands-on engineering (9.0%), engineering communication (3.2%), engineering social skills (0.9%), and liberal arts (27.1%). These threads provide useful quantitative information for curriculum evaluation. Other engineering departments may identify alternative threads based on their programme contents. Regardless of the threads used, the organization presented here may serve as a template for the evaluation of individual engineering programmes.
Dietary Trans Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Past and Present

Dietary trans double bond containing fatty acids have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There are two main sources of dietary trans fatty acids: meat and dairy fats, and partially hydrogenated fats. Because of a number of factors, including changes in federal labeling requirements for packaged foods, and local bans and grassroots pressure on the use of partially hydrogenated fat, trans fat intake has declined in recent years. Similar to saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids increase plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations. In contrast to saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids do not increase high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations. These differences have been attributed to lipoprotein catabolic rate rather than production rate. When reported, effects of partially hydrogenated fat on glucose homeostasis, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, and LDL oxidation are modest. Although at this time some issues remain unresolved regarding trans fatty acids and CVD risk factors other than plasma lipoprotein concentrations, they should not affect the final dietary recommendation to limit intake.
The Cold War: What Do “We Now Know”?

DURING THE LAST FEW YEARS, we have had a spate of important new books, articles, and essays reinterpreting the Cold War. Many of them have been based on new documents and memoirs from the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China as well as from European governments on both sides of the Iron Curtain. The books are provocative and insightful. They focus attention on the role of ideology and the importance of culture. They illuminate the complex interactions within the American and Soviet "empires." They assess the influence of small powers as well as highlight the strength of the two superpowers. They add greatly to our understanding of such key events in the Cold War as the Marshall Plan, the Korean War, and the Cuban missile crisis. They demonstrate the importance of individual leaders like Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong, but they also highlight contingency and inadvertence. They suggest that we have to think more deeply about the connections between power, culture, and political economy as well as the linkages between beliefs, perceptions, and behavior. None of this can be done without appreciating the interaction between national decision-making and the evolution of the international system. The object of this essay is to review some of the most important new scholarship, and to argue that the new evidence and the new writings do not leave us with a clear and unambiguous view of the Cold War. Although the most important and most influential of the new books is entitled We Now Know, my own view is much more modest.1 Recent books provide us with new information, fresh insights, and provocative argumentation. Sometimes, they revive old controversies; at other times, they reconfigure these controversies in fascinating and unexpected ways. But what is striking is the extent to which the new scholarship leaves itself open to diverse conclusions. It is striking, but not surprising. As students of international history weave more and more factors into their narratives-as they take ideas, values, language, and culture more seriously,2 as they think about race and gender,3 as they probe
Patterns of Care and Outcomes Associated With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus Conventional Radiation Therapy for Older Patients With Head-and-Neck Cancer

Purpose Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) requires a high degree of expertise compared with standard radiation therapy (RT). We performed a retrospective cohort study of Medicare patients treated with IMRT compared with standard RT to assess outcomes in national practice. Methods and Materials Using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database, we identified patients treated with radiation for cancer of the head and neck from 2002 to 2005. We used multivariate Cox models to determine whether the receipt of IMRT was associated with differences in survival. Results We identified 1613 patients, 33.7% of whom received IMRT. IMRT was not associated with differences in survival: the 3-year overall survival was 50.5% for IMRT vs. 49.6% for standard RT ( p = 0.47). The 3-year cancer-specific survival was 60.0% for IMRT vs. 58.8% ( p = 0.45). Conclusion Despite its complexity and resource intensive nature, IMRT use seems to be as safe as standard RT in national community practice, because the use of IMRT did not have an adverse impact on survival.
Does Implicit Memory Extend to Legal and Illegal Nonwords

In 4 experiments, implicit and explicit memory for words and nonwords were compared. In Experiments 1-2 memory for words and legal nonwords (e.g., kers) was assessed with an identification (implicit) and a recognition (explicit) memory task: Robust priming was obtained for both words and nonwords, and the priming effects dissociated from explicit memory following a levels-of-processing manipulation (Experiment 1) and following a study-test modality shift (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, priming for legal and illegal nonwords (e.g., xyks) was observed on an identification task, and the effects dissociated from explicit memory following a levels-ofprocessing manipulation. Finally, in Experiment 4, significant inhibitory priming for legal nonwords was observed when a lexical-decisi on task was used. Results suggest that implicit memory can extend to legal and illegal nonwords. Implications for theories of implicit memory are discussed. Psychological studies of memory have traditionally relied on tests of recall and recognition. A prominent feature of these tests is that they make explicit reference to past learning episodes and encourage subjects to intentionally retrieve old memories. During the past several years, however, it has been demonstrated that information acquired during a single episode can facilitate performance on a number of tests that do
Vibrational Excitations and Low-Energy Electronic Structure of Epoxide-Decorated Graphene

We report infrared studies of adsorbed atomic oxygen (epoxide functional groups) on graphene. Two different systems are used as a platform to explore these interactions, namely, epitaxial graphene/SiC(0001) functionalized with atomic oxygen (graphene epoxide, GE) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO). In the case of the model GE system, IR reflectivity measurements show that epoxide groups distort the graphene π bands around the K-point, imparting a finite effective mass and contributing to a band gap. In the case of RGO, epoxide groups are found to be present following the reduction treatment by a combination of polarized IR reflectance and transmittance measurements. Similar to the GE system, a band gap in the RGO sample is observed as well.
New method for the 3D Ising model

Abstract A simple, general and practically exact method is developed for the equilibrium properties of the macroscopic physical systems with translational symmetry. Applied to the Ising model in two and three dimension, a modest calculation gives the spontaneous magnetization and the specific heat to less than 1% error.
Comparison of the Use of Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy: Applications to Neural Respiratory Signal

This paper discusses several important factors which can influence the accuracy of the results obtained from application of the well-known approximate entropy (ApEn) method and the more recently developed sample entropy (SampEn) method to fast neurophysiological signals. Based on the performance of these methods on both computer simulation and experimental data, parameter selection criteria are suggested for application to fast dynamic signals
XENO: Computer-Assisted Compilation of Crossword Puzzles

Xeno est une suite de programmes qui aide a la creation de mots croises. Des puzzles complets peuvent etre produit sous le controle d'un petit nombre de parametres, les definitions etant selectionnees a partir d'un fichier indexe. Utiliser une methode de recherche arboresque a pour resultat d'avoir un puzzle produit efficacement
Caves as Biological Spaces.

Caves are defined as natural underground or underwater hollow places with an opening. Depending upon their geologic origin, caves can be classified as limestone (karstic), sandstone, hydrothermal, lava, glacier, or tectonic. The total number of caves of all types around the world has been estimated in several hundred of thousands. Given that number it is not surprising that tens of thousands of biological species have been described in such environments. There is little doubt that caves and other hypogean (subterranean) environments represent unique spaces in the phenomenon of life. The aim of this article is to discuss caves as biological spaces.
Prevalence of exposure to eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in domestic and feral swine in Georgia

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) is endemic in the eastern United States. The number of cases during the summer of 1991 reached epizootic proportions in horses, and 2 human cases were diagnosed in Georgia (Fig. 1). In addition, 2 outbreaks of EEE virus infection were diagnosed in swine and confirmed by isolation of EEE virus at the Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory (VDIL) in Tifton, Georgia. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in pigs has been described in Georgia, and antibodies to EEE virus in swine have been reported from other states in the USA. The clinical disease in swine probably is underdiagnosed in swine-producing areas with high incidence of EEE in horses or other species because cell lines routinely used to isolate virus from porcine tissues do not readily propagate EEE virus. Financial losses to swine producers due to EEE have not been estimated but were substantial in cases reported in Georgia and in 1994 in Florida. In the Florida outbreak, a 16-year-old farm worker also had clinical signs consistent with EEE virus infection. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of exposure to EEE virus in selected populations of domestic swine in Georgia and in feral swine on Ossabaw Island, a barrier island in the Atlantic Ocean off the Georgia coast. Serum samples from domestic swine received in accessions for pseudorabies and brucellosis testing at the VDIL from June to September 1991 and from April to July 1992 were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies to EEE virus. An accession is defined as a collection of specimens from 1 locale (farm or stockyard) on 1 date. Accessions were selected nonrandomly for testing to reflect close spatial (same or neighboring county) and temporal (within 1 week) proximity to clinical EEE cases in all species (Fig. 1, 2). A total of 1,247 specimens in 65 accessions were tested: 46 accessions with 1,064 specimens were from 45 farms, 16 accessions with 151 specimens were from 6 stockyards/salesbarns, and 3 acces-
Memory Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals with Long-Term Viral Load Suppression Are Independent of CD4 Cell Nadir

The persistence of memory responses in suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been an area of controversy. By using a previously described proliferation assay that augments specific responses, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 61 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive individuals with CD4 counts of >300/mm 3 and suppressed viral burdens were studied for response to p24 antigen as a function of time of viral load suppression on HAART. In the majority of cases, proliferative responses could be measured in PBL from patients with plasma viral load suppression. No differences could be found in proliferative responses from PBL between individuals with a low and those with a high CD4 cell nadir. PBL that did not respond to either Casta antigen or p24 were found to have a higher percentage of naive cells than did PBL that responded well to antigen. These data support the contention that, after long-term viral load suppression, PBL from infected individuals have memory cell populations that can respond to antigenic stimulation under inducible conditions.
Molecular Genetics of Resistance to Both Ceftazidime and β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations in Klebsiella pneumoniae and In Vivo Response to β-Lactam Therapy

Resistance to (3-lactam-(3-lactamase inhibitor combinations in Enterobacteriaceae is most frequently achieved via the over­ production of a normally susceptible enzyme [12-14]. It has also been documented that some (3-lactamase inhibitors, nota­ bly sulbactam, are less active against SHY-1-producing Esche­ richia coli strains than they are against those that produce TEM-1 [15]. In vitro resistance to both extended-spectrum cephalosporins and (3-lactam-(3-lactamase inhibitor combina­ tions should therefore be achievable by either the overproduc­ tion of an extended-spectrum (3-lactamase or the production of an extended-spectrum TEM-type (3-lactamase in combination with an SHV-l enzyme. Jarlier et a1. [16] reported that the production oftwo enzymes (either TEM-l and SHV-2 or TEM­ 1 and TEM-3) within K. pneumoniaeor E. coli strains resulted in elevated levels of resistance to the combination of amoxicil­ lin with either sulbactam or clavulanic acid. More recently, a clinical E. coli isolate was found to produce high levels of TEM-l and an extended-spectrum SHY-type enzyme (SHV­ 7), a combination that conferred in vitro resistance to both extended-spectrum cephalosporins and the (3-lactam-(3-lacta­ mase inhibitor combinations [17]. The clinical importance of these elevated levels of inhibitor resistance has not been deter­ mined.
Distributed Geospatial Intelligence Integration and Interoperability Through the Gidb® Portal System

This chapter will present the potential benefits from integrated and interoperable geographic data sources. It will discuss the challenges and options involved in creating a geographic portal system and will use the Naval Research Laboratory’s Geospatial Information Database (GIDB©) as an example system.’ The GIDB is the leading tool for integration of geospatial intelligence for homeland security applications. It currently integrates over 600 sources of geospatial intelligence and provides them to users worldwide.
Log-linear and logistic modeling of dependence among diagnostic tests

Abstract We developed log-linear and logistic-modeling approaches to investigate dependence among diagnostic tests. To illustrate the approaches, we used published data for swine toxoplasmosis, bovine paratuberculosis, and swine brucellosis. These diseases were selected because each animal’s true disease status was known, at least five tests were used, and the serologic tests had been previously shown to have moderate-to-high pairwise dependence in test sensitivities (and sometimes in test specificities). Log-linear and logistic modeling yielded similar results for swine toxoplasmosis and swine brucellosis. However, logistic modeling could not be used to investigate test dependence for bovine paratuberculosis because of quasi-separation in the data attributable to two fecal-based tests having specificities of 100%. Findings from our modeling indicated that 3 (modified agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination) of 5 serologic tests for toxoplasmosis and 2 (rivanol and particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay) of 6 serologic tests for brucellosis were adequate for diagnosis. For bovine paratuberculosis, both fecal-based tests (Herrold’s egg-yolk culture and radiometric culture) and 1 (ELISA) of 3 serologic tests were necessary in serial and parallel testing schemes.
Propagation Parameter Estimation, Modeling and Measurements for Ultrawideband MIMO Radar

Ultrawideband (UWB) radar is a promising method for reliable remote monitoring of vital signs. The use of multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver (MIMO) allows not only improved reliability, but also better accuracy in localization and tracking of humans and their various types of movement. This paper describes an experimental demonstration of localizing a test subject and tracking his breathing under ideal conditions. The UWB MIMO channel, which includes the test subject as well as other objects, is modeled as a superposition of multipath components (MPCs). From the measured data one can extract the parameters of the MPCs, including their directions and delays, which allows localization of the test subject as well as tracking the breathing motion. Since the breathing pattern of the test subject induces delay variations of the diaphragm-reflected MPC that are much smaller than the Fourier resolution limits, the high-resolution RIMAX algorithm (iterative maximum-likelihood estimation scheme) is employed together with a path detection scheme for determining and tracking the MPC parameters. Furthermore, it is illustrated that with a wideband array model, the requirements for antenna spacing are not as limited as for conventional narrowband array processing. Through controlled experiments with a vector network analyzer and a virtual antenna array observing both an artificial “breathing” object as well as a human subject, it is shown that one can accurately estimate the small scale movement from human respiratory activity. This is achieved both for line-of-sight between transmitter, receiver, and objects, as well as for non-line-of sight.
Organic/Organic' heterojunctions: organic light emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic devices

Heterojunctions created from thin films of two dissimilar organic semiconductor materials [organic/organic' (O/O') heterojunctions] are an essential component of organic light emitting diode displays and lighting systems (OLEDs, PLEDs) and small molecule or polymer-based organic photovoltaic (solar cell) technologies (OPVs). O/O' heterojunctions are the site for exciton formation in OLEDs, and the site for exciton dissociation and photocurrent production in OPVs. Frontier orbital energy offsets in O/O' heterojunctions establish the excess free energy controlling rates of charge recombination and formation of emissive states in OLEDs and PLEDs. These energy offsets also establish the excess free energy which controls charge separation and the short-circuit photocurrent (J(SC) ) in OPVs, and set the upper limit for the open-circuit photopotential (V(OC) ). We review here how these frontier orbital energy offsets are determined using photoemission spectroscopies, how these energies change as a function of molecular environment, and the influence of interface dipoles on these frontier orbital energies. Recent examples of heterojunctions based on small molecule materials are shown, emphasizing those heterojunctions which are of interest for photovoltaic applications. These include heterojunctions of perylenebisimide dyes with trivalent metal phthalocyanines, and heterojunctions of titanyl phthalocyanine with C(60) , and with pentacene. Organic solar cells comprised of donor/acceptor pairs of each of these last three materials confirm that the V(OC) scales with the energy offsets between the HOMO of the donor and LUMO of the acceptor ($E_{{\rm HOMO}^{\rm D} } - E_{{\rm LUMO}^{\rm A} }$).
Temporal variation in fish mercury concentrations within lakes from the western Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska

We assessed temporal variation in mercury (Hg) concentrations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Agattu Island, Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska. Total Hg concentrations in whole-bodied stickleback were measured at two-week intervals from two sites in each of two lakes from June 1 to August 10, 2011 during the time period when lakes were ice-free. Across all sites and sampling events, stickleback Hg concentrations ranged from 0.37–1.07 µg/g dry weight (dw), with a mean (± SE) of 0.55±0.01 µg/g dw. Mean fish Hg concentrations declined by 9% during the study period, from 0.57±0.01 µg/g dw in early June to 0.52±0.01 µg/g dw in mid-August. Mean fish Hg concentrations were 6% higher in Loon Lake (0.56±0.01 µg/g dw) than in Lake 696 (0.53±0.01 µg/g dw), and 4% higher in males (0.56±0.01 µg/g dw) than in females (0.54±0.01 µg/g dw). Loon Lake was distinguished from Lake 696 by the presence of piscivorous waterbirds during the breeding season. Mercury concentrations in stickleback from Agattu Island were higher than would be expected for an area without known point sources of Hg pollution, and high enough to be of concern to the health of piscivorous wildlife.
Acknowledging the Limitations of Treatment: Surrendering to Reality

The metaphor of cancer treatment as a battle can be problematic when cancer treatment fails and the end of life nears. The decision to end treatment, if it comes, is not a failure, either of the patient or the physician, but instead should be viewed as a natural segment of the journey and a desirable change in the focus of care.
Mechanisms Underlying Arrhythmogenesis Associated with Heart Failure

Over 5 million Americans suffer from heart failure (HF) and more than 250,000 die annually. The incidence and prevalence has continued to increase with the aging of the United States population, with approximately 600,000 new diagnoses made annually, at a cost of nearly 30 billion dollars annually. Despite remarkable improvements in medical therapy, the prognosis of patients with myocardial failure remains poor with almost 20% of patients dying within 1 year of initial diagnosis and greater than 80% 8-year mortality. Of the deaths in patients with HF, up to 50% are sudden and unexpected; indeed, patients with HF have 6 to 9 times the rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) of the general population. Clinically, HF is a systemic syndrome resulting from impaired function of the myocardium, with symptoms arising from inadequate organ perfusion and vascular congestion. Neurohumoral activation is a prominent compensatory mechanism for inadequate myocardial performance that is ultimately maladaptive in its impact on cellular function and structure of the heart. Appropriately, research has focused on HF involving primarily the left side of the heart. Left ventricular (LV) cardiomyopathies can be generally categorized into defects of ventricular filling or a failure of