cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Love, Fear, and Hope: Personal Coping Techniques of a Realistic yet Optimistic Daughter

The purpose of this autoethnography is to explore my experience (the researcher) of coping with daily life after my mother’s diagnosis of stage four metastatic breast cancer. Throughout this study, I will explore the experiences of myself and two other individuals whose mothers also have incurable advanced-stage cancer. I would like to know more about my own daily experiences and theirs in regard to how our daily lives have been impacted since the initial diagnosis. I would also like to explore the reality of living with the knowledge of a daunting inevitable loss, without a miracle. Through this study, the following themes emerged from the thick, rich data description: appreciation, fear, and coping skills.
Sperm Repository for a Breeding Program of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica: Sample Collection, Processing, Cryopreservation, and Data Management Plan.

The Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Family Ostreidae) is one of the most important fishery and aquaculture species in the U.S. and is a keystone species for coastal reefs. A breeding program was initiated in 2019 to support the fast-growing aquaculture industry culturing this species in the Gulf of Mexico. Oysters from 17 wild populations in embayment along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast from southwest Florida to the Matagorda Bay, Texas were used as broodstock for the program to maximize genetic diversity in the base population. A sperm repository of the broodstock was established to support the breeding project. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the sperm sample collection, processing, cryopreservation, and the data management plan involved in the establishment of a sperm germplasm repository of base populations. The supporting objectives were to: (1) develop a data management plan for the sperm repository; (2) streamline the procedure for sample collection, processing, and cryopreservation; (3) incorporate sperm quality analysis into the procedure, and (4) archive the cryopreserved samples as a repository for future use in the breeding program. This sperm repository included a total of 102 male oysters from the 17 collection sites (six oysters per site). A data management plan was developed with six categories, including sample collection, phenotype, fresh sperm, genotype, cryopreservation, and post-thaw sperm, as guide for data collection. Sperm collection was accomplished by strip spawn, and fresh sperm production, motility, and fertility were recorded for quality analysis. Cryopreserved sperm samples were sorted, labelled, archived, and stored in liquid nitrogen for future use. Post-thaw motility (1–30%) and plasm membrane integrity (15.34–70.36%) were recorded as post-thaw quality parameters. Overall, this study demonstrated a streamlined procedure of oyster sperm collection, processing, and cryopreservation for establishing a sperm repository that can serve as a template for construction of oyster germplasm repositories for breeding programs.
Incidence, survival, and diagnostic trends in GCA across seven decades in a North American population-based cohort

Abstract Objectives To analyze trends in the incidence and use of diagnostic modalities for GCA in a population-based cohort over the past seven decades. To explore survival trends in patients with GCA compared with the general population. Methods A population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with GCA was extended with new incident cases from 2010 to 2019. Three time periods were compared: Period One (1950–1979), Period Two (1980–1999), and Period Three (2000–2019). Cases were classified as: Diagnostic Group One, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) positive; Diagnostic Group Two, TAB-negative or not done with positive large-vessel imaging; or Diagnostic Group Three, clinical diagnosis of GCA. Survival was evaluated by comparing Kaplan-Meier estimated mortality rates for cases of GCA against expected mortality rates from Minnesota life tables Results Age- and sex-adjusted incident rates per 100,000 ≥ 50 years of age (95% CI) were 13.5 (10.1, 16.9) in Period One, 21.0 (17.1, 25.0) in Period Two, and 15.0 (12.4, 17.5) in Period Three. The percent of patients in Diagnostic Group One decreased over the three time periods (89%, 86%, and 72%) while the patients in Diagnostic Group Three increased (11%, 14%, and 17%). Standardized mortality ratios (95% CI) were 1.03 (0.79, 1.32), 1.11 (0.91, 1.34), and 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) across Periods 1–3, respectively. Conclusions Incidence of GCA in females in the population declined, resulting in a decreasing overall incidence. More patients have been identified by large-vessel imaging and fewer by positive TABs. No significant difference in survival between patients with GCA and the general population was observed.
NMR studies of polymer solutions. VI. Molecular weight determination of poly(ethylene glycol) by NMR analysis of near-end groups

We have used the chemically identical “near-end” groups of poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) for molecular weight determinations. High resolution NMR technique was used for all measurements. The number average molecular weight of the polymer can be calculated by measuring the ratio of NMR absorptions of chain segments in a polymeric structure to those of non-polymeric segments (“near-end” groups). Two and four internal ethylene groups of PEG can be used as the “near-end” groups respectively in pyridine on the one hand, and benzene or α-chloronaphthalene solutions on the other. It is clearly shown that the NMR absorption of the “near-end” groups of PEG is a much better choice than that of the “end” group for molecular weight determination. We have also discussed the significance of realizing the effect of the “near-end” groups on polymer NMR spectroscopy.
Race, Ethnicity and the Risk of Homicide Victimization in the United States

Abstract Linked data from the National Health Interview Surveys and Multiple Causes of Death Use Files are used to estimate the individual level effects of race and ethnicity, and relevant controls on homicide mortality. African American and Hispanic race/ethnicity are found to be leading factors in homicide victimization. Following some previous work this research also finds that the gap between white and minority homicide victimization is attenuated but not explained by SES, contextual and marital status variables. It is hypothesized that the experience and perception of racism, and the frustration, anger and resentment that result produce an ideological climate that sustains high levels of violence among minority members beyond what concentration of disadvantage variables predict.
Stepping stones for linking, learning, and moving toward electronic literacy: integrating emerging technology in an author study project

SUMMARY This paper details the integration of technology tools into a third-grade Web-based literacy project. The project included 13 students at the beginning of the school year possessing a wide range of technology exposure and reading experience levels. The students were provided an opportunity to work in small groups-reading works by a selected children's author, researching biographical data and exploring the writer's style, and using of conventions of literary works such as characterization, plot, and setting. Included in the project were authentic purposes for writing; research on the Web and traditional sources; cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities; and planning, designing, and creating finished products in a multimedia presentation.
Therapeutic role of coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson's disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been well established to occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) and appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. A key component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is coenzyme Q(10), which not only serves as the electron acceptor for complexes I and II of the ETC but is also an antioxidant. In addition to being crucial to the bioenergetics of the cell, mitochondria play a central role in apoptotic cell death through a number of mechanisms, and coenzyme Q(10) can affect certain of these processes. Levels of coenzyme Q(10) have been reported to be decreased in blood and platelet mitochondria from PD patients. A number of preclinical studies in in vitro and in vivo models of PD have demonstrated that coenzyme Q(10) can protect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. A phase II trial of coenzyme Q(10) in patients with early, untreated PD demonstrated a positive trend for coenzyme Q(10) to slow progressive disability that occurs in PD.
Actualización del hipercrecimiento

INTRODUCCION Las observaciones disponibles hoy en dia sobre las anomalias caracterizadas por hipercrecimiento o velocidad de crecimiento excesiva, complementan las obtenidas en pacientes con hipocrecimiento armonico, ilustrando la complejidad del crecimiento humano y el amplio numero de genes y factores reguladores que intervienen en el desarrollo de un crecimiento normal y proporcionado. En la tabla 1 se refleja la clasificacion etiologica del hipercrecimiento, de acuerdo con los principales factores que regulan el crecimiento (geneticos, nutricionales y hormonales). La mayoria de estos cuadros clinicos son primarios. No obstante, existen casos clinicos aislados de macrosomia que aun son dificiles de clasificar y, por consiguiente, no estan incluidos. En la figura 1 se refleja un algoritmo que puede ser de ayuda en el planteamiento diagnostico de los pacientes con talla alta. La etiopatogenia y bases moleculares de las anomalias que cursan con hipercrecimiento son complejas y parcialmente conocidas (tabla 2). Datos recientes han incluido diferentes factores, previamente desconocidos, que resultan importantes para lograr un crecimiento lineal proporcionado. Cuando se analizan los casos disponibles, puede apreciarse un patron parecido en diversos cuadros clinicos de hipercrecimiento.
Gender and Emotion in the United States: Do Men and Women Differ in Self‐Reports of Feelings and Expressive Behavior?1

U.S. emotion culture contains beliefs that women are more emotional and emotionally expressive than men and that men and women differ in their experience and expression of specific emotions. Using data from the 1996 emotions module of the GSS, the authors investigate whether men and women differ in self‐reports of feelings and expressive behavior, evaluating whether the patterns observed for men and women are consistent with cultural beliefs as well as predictions from two sociological theories about emotion and two sociological theories about gender. Surprisingly, self‐reports do not support cultural beliefs about gender differences in the frequency of everyday subjective feelings in general. Men and women do, however, differ in the frequency of certain positive and negative feelings, which is explained by their difference in social position. The implications of the findings for theory and research on both gender and emotion are discussed.
Comments on: Nonparametric inference with generalized likelihood ratio tests

We discuss the issues raised by Fan and Jiang in the context of high dimensional models and argue that fitting sparse nonparametric models might be preferable to hypothesis testing.
Vital Capacity Reservoir and Online Measurement of Childhood Nitrosopnea Are Linearly Related Clinical Implications

Hypernitrosopnea, a robust marker for childhood asthma, is measured reproducibly in mixed vital capacity (VC) expirates. Recent guidelines for measurement of expired nitric oxide (NO) in adults have favored use of an online (OL), flow-dependent technique. We compared VC and OL NO measurements in 14 asthmatic and 11 control children 5 through 18 yr of age. After spirometry, subjects breathed both into an open-ended reservoir (20 cm H2O resistance) and into a tedlar bag (VC maneuver). End-expiratory pressure > 5 cm H2O was continuously maintained during VC measurements, and the velum remained shut. Eight additional children (24% of total number of subjects) were unable reproducibly to perform the OL measurement at constant flow (six asthmatics; two control children). For subjects able to perform the OL technique, OL and VC NO measurements were linearly related (r2 = 0.88). In children, VC NO assays are reproducible, sensitive in identifying asthma, and portable. Additionally, we have shown that (1) not all ...
To Bayes or not to Bayes

The goal of geophysical inversion is to make quantitative inferences about the Earth from noisy, finite data. The limitations of noise and the inadequacy of the data mean that geophysical inversion problems are fundamentally problems of statistical inference. We do not invert data to find “models.” as much as we might like to; we invert data to make inferences about models. There will usually be an infinity of models that fit the data. Thus we must look to probability theory for help.
PREDICTING ATTENTION-GAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SIGNS: MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE.

This report describes an experimental procedure being developed for measuring the probability that a highway traffic sign of given brightness, color, and contrast characteristics can be seen agains...
POTASSIUM LOSS FROM HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES EXPOSED TO AMPHOTERICIN B.

SummaryWhen fresh human erythrocytes are suspended in buffered solution containing amphotericin B, potassium loss begins within 3 minutes and continues for some time before appreciable hemolysis occurs. The kinetics of the potassium loss indicate that amphotericin B markedly increases cell membrane permeability. The concentration difference of potassium ion across the cell membrane decays at a rate which depends on the dose of amphotericin B.
Reply to harnatt

Canfield and Lehrer argued in [1] that it is impossible to predict an event deductively from given laws and initial conditions. In [2] I showed (1) that there are counterexamples to C&L's claim, (2) that their argument was based on an assumption which they failed to recognize, let alone support (the assumption that there are ‘rejectible’ facts), (3) that if certain simple conditions on predictability were granted, it could be shown that C&L's tacit assumption is false. In a recent issue of this Journal Dr. Harnatt has criticized (3) (ignoring (1) and (2)), and he has concluded that we should still wonder whether there are any deductive predictions. Dr. Harnatt's arguments are shown to be defective.
Evidence of an Altered 5′-Monodeiodinase for Thyroxine in the Liver of the Fetal Rabbit

Summary: To explore further the factors that underly the deficient generation of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) from thyroxine (T4) (T3-neogenesis) in fetal liver, studies were performed in homogenates and subcellular fractions of liver from pregnant rabbits and their corresponding fetuses. In whole homogenates, T3-neogenesis (percentage added T4:50 mg protein) during 3 hr incubations of specimens from fetuses proceeded at a much slower rate (1.7 ± 0.5, mean ± S.D.) than in specimens from the corresponding does (1.4 ± 5.3). Dithiothreitol (DTT, 20 mM), a known stimulant of T3-neogenesis, did not significantly alter the activity of fetal specimens (2.6 ± 1.3), but significantly increased activity in those obtained from does (18.2 ± 7.4). To investigate the basis for these differences, additional experiments were performed in which microsomal and cytosolic fractions from fetal and maternal livers were variously mixed and T3-neogenesis was assessed in the presence and absence of DTT. Activity of fetal microsomes was consistently less than in maternal microsomes, regardless of the source of the cytosols with which they were incubated. Further, mixtures containing fetal microsomes were not stimulated by DTT, whereas those containing maternal microsomes were. In addition to this evidence of an abnormality with respect to the fetal enzyme, evidence was obtained of a concomitant abnormality in fetal cytosol fractions. Thus, T3-neogenesis by maternal microsomes was consistently greater when incubated with maternal cytosol than with fetal cytosol, presumably owing to lesser support of T3-neogenesis by cofactors known to be present in cytosol. Additional evidence of an abnormality in the microsomal enzyme of the fetus was obtained in studies of the kinetics of T3-neogenesis. In the presence of DTT, derived values for the Km of the fetal enzyme were approximately 10-fold higher than were those for the maternal enzyme (5.9 × −5 and 7.1 × 10−6 M). The studies suggest that the defective generation of T3 from T4 seen in fetal liver from other species is also present in the liver of the fetal rabbit. Lower activity in the fetal liver is due in part to a lesser activity of cytosolic cofactors, but mainly to an abnormality in the T3-generating enzyme, reflecting either a lower concentration of enzyme, a lesser responsiveness to stimulatory cofactors, or a combination of the two. Speculation: The enzyme in fetal liver that converts thyroxine to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine behaves differently from that in maternal liver with respect to its affinity for substrate and its response to stimulatory sulfhydryl cofactor. Fetal enzyme may be an isozymic variant of the adult enzyme, as has been reported for other hepatic enzymes. The relation between fetal and maternal enzymes may be analogous to that which exists with respect to enzymes of normal and malignant tissue.
Nucleonic form factors and the πNN coupling in 3H and 3He form factors

Abstract Current conservation and the role of the πNN coupling in meson-exchange currents are examined. Recent data on elastic electron- 3 H scattering are predicted well with meson-exchange currents derived on the basis of the pseudovector πNN coupling.
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation increases phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein, Elk-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in rat dorsal striatum.

Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a major transcriptional activator at the calcium and cAMP response-element (CaCRE). Phosphorylated (p)CREB facilitates gene expression in striatal neurons. Elk-1 is another transcriptional regulator at the serum response element in the upstream promoter region of the CaCRE. Elk-1 is phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and may also contribute to the regulation of gene expression. To evaluate putative roles of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in CREB, Elk-1, and ERK phosphorylation, the group I selective agonist, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), was infused into the dorsal striatum at doses of 125, 250, or 500 nmol in freely moving rats. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry demonstrated that DHPG significantly increased levels of pCREB, pElk-1, and pERK immunoreactivity of ipsilateral dorsal striatum in a dose dependent manner. The increased immunoreactivity by 500 nmol DHPG was significantly blocked by intrastriatal infusion of the group I selective antagonist, n-phenyl-7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxamide (PHCCC, 25 nmol), but not by the group II/III antagonist, (RS)-α-methylserine-o-phosphate monophenyl ester (MSOPPE, 25 nmol). These data suggest that group I mGluR activation is positively linked to signaling cascades resulting in CREB, Elk-1, and ERK phosphorylation in the striatum in vivo.
Wide-Field Correction In Reflective Schmidt Systems By A Nonrotationally Symmetric Element

Wide-field correction is achieved in reflective versions of the Schmidt and Schmidt-Cassegrain systems by the use of a fold mirror serving also as a corrector. The deformation of the corrector surface is divided into two functions one-with and one with-out rotational symmetry. The bulk of the deformation is defined by the rotationally symmetric part while the residual, which is of a much smaller magnitude, is nonrotationally symmetric. This separation of corrective polynomials facilitates fabrication of the elements. The larger rotationally symmetric part can be diamond turned on a two-axis machine under numerical control, whereas the small residual deformation can be hand figured to an overall system null or to a computer-generated holographic reference in an inter-ferometer. Diffraction-limited performance in the infrared region is achievable to an extent determined by tilt angle of the fold mirror and the f-number.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in mesic forest openings. I. Post-fire community dynamics

L'influence du feu sur l'ecologie de la regeneration du chene rouge (Quercus rubra L.), et des especes forestieres sympatriques, a ete evaluee dans des peuplements mesiques de feuillus du sud-ouest du Wisconsin. Au printemps des annees 1989 et 1990, une parcelle situee a l'interieur de chacune de quatre ouvertures a ete brulee. Au cours de ces deux annees, on a mesure la densite et l'accroissement en hauteur de la regeneration des especes forestieres, de meme que l'indice de surface foliaire et le pourcentage de couverture de toutes les formes vegetales dans les parcelles brulees et non brulees. Une mesure de l'accroissement en hauteur des arbres a egalement ete realisee en 1991. Le feu a produit une baisse substantielle de la densite de la regeneration des especes forestieres. Dans les parcelles brulees, les herbacees et les carex sont devenus les plantes les plus abondantes. Pour les especes forestieres les plus communes, la survie apres feu etait variable. Les densites de Acer saccharum Marsh. et de Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch ont ete reduites de plus de 80% alors que celles de Q. rubra et de Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch ont augmente ou sont demeurees semblables. Pendant cette periode de 2 ans, l'accroissement net en hauteur de toutes les especes forestieres communes etait inferieur, dans les parcelles brulees, de 65% ou plus, a l'exception de Q. rubra et de C. cordiformis qui ont subi des pertes de l'ordre de 25 a 35%. Les effets differentiels du feu sur la survie et la croissance des especes ont rehausse le statut concurrentiel de Q. rubra. En absence du feu, il etait incertain que Q. rubra pourrait maintenir une position dominante ou codominante dans le couvert forestier de ces peuplements en devenir.
Two-dimensional high-bandwidth Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor: design guidelines and evaluation testing

A novel two-dimensional high-bandwidth Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was designed and tested, addressing the high temporal bandwidth of aero-optical aberrations caused by compressible flows. The principle of operation and modifications from an earlier version of the wavefront sensor are presented and compared with a commercially available wavefront sensor with a 33×44 subaperture spatial resolution. A two-dimensional wavefront reconstruction algorithm is presented. The comparison was performed over a two-dimensional, acoustically forced heated jet. The high temporal resolution and spatial resolution of the sensor are demonstrated. The results show good agreement between the two sensors.
Memory distortions in coerced false confessions: A source monitoring framework analysis

Confessions are routinely offered as evidence and are potentially damning to defendants. However, not all confessions are truthful. Suspects can be coerced into falsely confessing to crimes that they did not commit, and in a subset of cases, the confessors come to genuinely believe they committed the crimes and sometimes create vivid ‘memories’ of their activities. Against the backdrop of a model of cognitive processes involved in correct and incorrect remembering known as the source monitoring framework, this paper examines how coercive tactics routinely used in interrogations may give rise to memory illusions and distortions that can contribute to false confessions in which individuals believe they are guilty and create false memories to support those beliefs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of the viscous tangential stress in the airflow above wind waves

[1] The stress and drag at the surface of the ocean are crucial parameters for both short term forecasting and the modeling of long-term global climate trends. However, the partition between viscous, turbulent, and wave stresses, and in particular the effects of airflow separation are not well understood. We present direct measurements of the velocity in the airflow above wind-generated waves. We observe intermittent separation of the viscous sublayer past the crest of the wind waves leading to dramatic along-wave variability in the surface viscous tangential stress. These results hold for wind speeds that would normally be considered low to moderate. These viscous stress measurements in the airflow above the wavy surface, and within the separated region are, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first of this kind.
A randomized trial to reduce passive smoke exposure in low-income households with young children.

Objective. Passive smoke exposure among children is widespread in the United States; estimates suggest that almost 40% of children who are younger than 5 years live with a smoker. Few randomized studies of passive smoke exposure reduction among children have been conducted, and the impact of interventions that have been evaluated has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether a motivational intervention for smoking parents of young children will lead to reduced household passive smoke exposure. Methods. Project KISS (Keeping Infants Safe From Smoke), a theory-driven exposure reduction intervention targeting low-income families with young children, was a randomized controlled study in which participants—smoking parents/caregivers ( N = 291) who had children who were younger than 3 years and who were recruited through primary care settings—were randomly assigned to either the motivational intervention (MI) or a self-help (SH) comparison condition was used. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3 and 6 months. The MI condition consisted of a 30- to 45-minute motivational interviewing session at the participant9s home with a trained health educator and 4 follow-up telephone counseling calls. Feedback from baseline household air nicotine assessments and assessment of the participant9s carbon monoxide level was provided as part of the intervention. Participants in the SH group received a copy of the smoking cessation manual, the passive smoke reduction tip sheet, and the resource guide in the mail. Household nicotine levels were measured by a passive diffusion monitor. Results. The 6-month nicotine levels were significantly lower in MI households. Repeated measures analysis of variance across baseline, 3-month, and 6-month time points showed a significant time-by-treatment interaction, whereby nicotine levels for the MI group decreased significantly and nicotine levels for the SH group increased but were not significantly different from baseline. Conclusions. This study targeted a large sample of racially and ethnically diverse low-income families, in whom both exposure and disease burden is likely to be significant. This is the first study to our knowledge that has been effective in reducing objective measures of passive smoke exposure in households with healthy children. These findings have important implications for pediatric health care providers, who play an important role in working with parents to protect children9s health. Providers can help parents work toward reducing household passive smoke exposure using motivational strategies and providing a menu of approaches regardless of whether the parents are ready to quit.
Osteopontin: a versatile regulator of inflammation and biomineralization.

Osteopontin is a secreted glycoprotein with a multidomain structure and functions characteristic of a matricellular protein. Osteopontin interacts with cell surface receptors via arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)- and non-RGD containing adhesive domains, in addition to binding to components of the structural extracellular matrix. While normally expressed in bone and kidney, osteopontin levels are elevated during wound healing and inflammation in most tissues studied to date. Since 1986, over one thousand studies have been published on osteopontin, including recent experiments in osteopontin-deficient mice. These studies reveal osteopontin as a cell adhesive, signaling, migratory, and survival stimulus for various mesenchymal, epithelial, and inflammatory cells, in addition to being a potent regulator of osseous and ectopic calcification. Based on these reports, a general picture of osteopontin as an important regulator of inflammation and biomineralization is emerging. A common denominator in osteopontin function in these situations is its ability to regulate the function of macrophage and macrophage-derived cells (i.e. osteoclasts). While we have learned much about osteopontin and the processes it appears to regulate over the past decade, many questions regarding this important multifunctional protein remain unanswered and provide important directions for future studies.
Analyzing Aquifers Associated With Gas Reservoirs Using AIF's and Type Curves

This paper reports that an aquifer-influence function (AIF) can be calculated from a gas reservoir's production and pressure histories. The AIF is unique for an aquifer and can be analyzed to determine aquifer size and other information. Two AIF type curves were developed for aquifers with partially sealing faults and then applied to 32 U.S. gulf coast gas reservoirs.
Scanora®: a new perspective in dental radiology

Purpose This article describes how the Scanora®, a dedicated dental multifunctional tomographic unit can be used in clinical situations where tomography is required. Methods Three case reports illustrating the use of the Scanora® in different clinical situations: • Pre-operative assessment prior to insertion of endosteal implants • Temporomandibular joint investigation • Pre-prosthetic assessment following squamous cell carcinoma of the nose. Conclusion The technical advantages, including radiation dose and some limitations of the Scanora® unit are discussed.
Neurons can maintain multiple classes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors distinguished by different subunit compositions.

Abstract Although 10 genes have been cloned encoding putative subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, little is known about the variety or subunit composition of such receptors expressed by individual neurons. Chick ciliary ganglion neurons express five of the known genes and assemble a class of synaptic-type receptors collectively containing gene products from three of them: α3, β4, and α5. Using subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies, we show here that all of the synaptic-type acetylcholine receptors having α3 also have β4 subunits and vice versa. In addition, most, if not all, of the α5 gene product present in fully assembled receptors is associated with both α3 and β4 subunits. Although the receptors may be homogeneous in these respects, only about 20% of them also contain the fourth gene product, β2, newly identified in the ganglion; essentially all of the neurons express the β2 gene. No β2 subunits are found coassembled with the fifth acetylcholine receptor gene product expressed by the neurons, α7, which has been shown previously to comprise a class of abundant, nonsynaptic receptors on the cells. The identification of three acetylcholine receptor subtypes distinguished by subunit composition on the same neurons provokes questions about their individual physiological roles.
Complications of occult pneumococcal bacteremia in children.

Children with occult pneumococcal bacteremia have not been considered to be at significant risk of developing complications. However, three of seven children, without an apparent source of pneumococcal bactermia, developed meningitis after a period of well-being, and two others developed an identifiable respiratory focus of infection. Meningitis occurred in spite of oral or low-dose intravenous penicillin therapy. We conclude that the identification of occult pneumococcal bacteremia places the child at significant risk to develop serious sequelae and that initiation of high-dose parenteral penicillin therapy, as in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis, is indicated.
Feasibility study of beam orientation class-solutions for prostate IMRT

IMRT is being increasingly used for treatment of prostate cancer. In practice, however, the beam orientations used for the treatments are still selected empirically, without any guideline. The purpose of this work was to investigate interpatient variation of the optimal beam configuration and to facilitate intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) prostate treatment planning by proposing a set of beam orientation class-solutions for a range of numbers of incident beams. We used fifteen prostate cases to generate the beam orientation class-solutions. For each patient and a given number of incident beams, a multiobjective optimization engine was employed to provide optimal beam directions. For the fifteen cases considered, the gantry angle of any of the optimized plans were all distributed within a certain range The angular distributions of the optimal beams were analyzed and the most selected directions are identified as optimal directions. The optimal directions for all patients are averaged to obtain the class-solution. The class-solution gantry angles for prostate IMRT were found to be: three beams (0 degrees, 120 degrees, 240 degrees), five beams (35 degrees, 110 degrees, 180 degrees, 250 degrees, 325 degrees), six beams (0 degrees, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, 300 degrees), seven beams (25 degrees, 75 degrees, 130 degrees, 180 degrees, 230 degrees, 285 degrees, 335 degrees), eight beams (20 degrees, 70 degrees, 110 degrees, 150 degrees, 200 degrees, 250 degrees, 290 degrees, 340 degrees), and nine beams (20 degrees, 60 degrees, 100 degrees, 140 degrees, 180 degrees, 220 degrees, 260 degrees, 300 degrees, 340 degrees). The level of validity of the class-solutions was tested using an additional clinical prostate case by comparing with the individually optimized beam configurations. The difference between the plans obtained with class-solutions and patient-specific optimizations was found to be clinically insignificant.
DEFINING AND MEASURING ECONOMIC RESILIENCE TO DISASTERS

Three difficulties confront researchers in the resilience arena. At the conceptual level, there is the need to identify resilient actions, including those that may seem to violate established norms, such as rational behavior. At the operational level, it may be difficult to model individual, group, and community behavior in a single framework. At the empirical level, it is especially difficult to gather data on resilience to specify models. The purpose of this paper is to summarize progress on all three planes. First, defines several important dimensions of economic resilience to disasters. Second, shows how computable general equilibrium modeling represents a useful framework for analyzing the behavior of individuals, businesses, and markets. Third, summarizes recent progress in the conceptual and empirical modeling of resilience, including the incorporation of disequilibria and the recalibration of key behavioral parameters on the basis of empirical data. Fourth, uses the results of a case study to illustrate some important issues relating to the subject.
The up-regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in Ea.hy 926 endothelial cells under long-term low folate stress is mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway.

Objective Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), encoded by the CCL2 gene, plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Ea.hy 926 endothelial cells grown under low folate conditions (LO cells) synthesize more MCP-1 mRNA and secrete more MCP-1 protein than folate-replete control cells (HI cells). We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of MCP-1 expression by long-term “folate stress”.
GO, a guanine nucleotide binding protein, is expressed during neurite extension in the embryonic mouse

The developmental pattern of expression of the G protein αO subunit and GAP43 were compared by immunohistochemical staining of mouse embryos. Staining for αO and GAP43 was identical and detected throughout the developing nervous system, and the antigens first appeared in neurons at the beginning of neuronal differentiation. GAP43 and αO were not detected in regions containing only neuroblasts. These observations suggest that αO and GAP43 may not be required for the decision to pass from neuroblast to differentiated neuron, but may play a role in signal transduction during early neuronal development. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow from Blue Aleurone Wheat to Other Wheat Cultivars

Cross-pollination among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars historically has not been a major concern for wheat producers. However, with the introduction of genetically engineered wheat, there may be a need to ensure genetic purity, which will require knowledge of the frequency and distance that pollen-mediated gene flow can occur in wheat. This information will be necessary to develop (i) isolation distances that maintain predictable degrees of genetic purity in seed wheat production and (ii) practices to manage pollen-mediated gene flow in commercial wheat production. Field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2003 at five locations in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington to determine the potential for pollen-mediated gene flow among winter wheat cultivars. Each experiment was designed as a Nelder wheel with 16 equally spaced rays extending away from a central pollen source of blue aleurone wheat. Each ray was 46 m long and contained two rows each of an early- and late-flowering soft white wheat cultivar. Seed samples were collected at 1.8-m intervals along each ray and examined for blue seed, which indicated successful hybridization with the pollen source. Although blue seed was found in some samples at all five locations, most samples (98%) contained no blue seed. Pollen-mediated gene flow generally was in the direction of the prevailing wind and tended to occur more often at the sites with lower temperature and higher humidity during pollination. The maximum distance that gene flow was detected was 42 m from the pollen source and the maximum outcrossing in an individual sample was 0.45%. At four locations, no outcrossing was detected beyond 30 m from the pollen source; however, at one site, 13% of the blue seed was found between 30 and 42 m. Pollen-mediated gene flow potential may differ for other wheat cultivars and environmental conditions. Depending on the required genetic purity standards for wheat seed, an isolation distance of 45 m or more may be required.
Accounting for indirect effects and non-commensurate values in ecosystem based fishery management (EBFM)

Abstract Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) requires taking account of indirect effects (such as habitat destruction, incidental mortality, and competition between the fishery and marine mammals or birds) and dealing with non-commensurate values (such as yield from the fishery and production of offspring by the birds or mammals competing for the same resource). The perspective of EBFM requires that the rate of fishing mortality is less than the value that provides maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but the question is how far below this level should the fishery operateʔ For this problem in multiobjective programming, simple method of solution was developed and illustrated with the fishery for sandeels ( Ammodytes spp.) in the Shetland Islands. The yield from the fishery at a given fishing mortality F is scaled by MSY (so that this quantity increases as fishing mortality increases from 0 to that giving MSY) and the breeding success of predators (black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea ) at a given fishing mortality is scaled by that in the absence of fishing. The result is two non-dimensional quantities that can be combined into a single value function, which can then be explored or optimized. It is shown that a reduction of only about 20 percent in yield can nearly double the breeding performance of the more sensitive predator. Extensions of the method are discussed; these include the use of maximum economic yield (MEY) and state dependent life history, as implemented by stochastic dynamic programming.
Turbulent flow over a flexible wall undergoing a streamwise travelling wave motion

Direct numerical simulation is used to study the turbulent flow over a smooth wavy wall undergoing transverse motion in the form of a streamwise travelling wave. The Reynolds number based on the mean velocity U of the external flow and wall motion wavelength λ is 10 170; the wave steepness is 2πa/λ =0 .25 where a is the travelling wave amplitude. A key parameter for this problem is the ratio of the wall motion phase speed c to U ,a nd results are obtained for c/U in the range of −1. 0t o 2. 0a t 0. 2i ntervals. For negative c/U ,w e fi nd that f low separation is enhanced and a large drag force is produced. For positive c/U ,t he results show that as c/U increases from zero, the separation bubble moves further upstream and away from the wall, and is reduced in strength. Above a threshold value of c/U ≈ 1, separation is eliminated; and, relative to small- c/U cases, turbulence intensity and turbulent shear stress are reduced significantly. The drag force decreases monotonically as c/U increases while the power required for the transverse motion generally increases for large c/U ;t he net power input is found to reach a minimum at c/U ≈ 1. 2( for fi xedU ). The results obtained in this study provide physical insight into the study of fish-like swimming mechanisms in terms of drag reduction and optimal propulsive efficiency.
Modern identification algorithm to reduce the complexity of parameter estimation using learning theory

A modern identification algorithm to reduce the complexity of estimating parameters for discrete time-invariant linear systems and nonlinear systems is presented. The algorithm requires no a priori knowledge of the input or of the order of the system. An identification unbiased estimator method is presented which reduces the computational complexity of covariance matrix inversion. Probability one convergence of the estimated parameters to their true values is presented, and stability of the identification algorithm is discussed. An example is presented to illustrate the results.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Abstract 4975: Api6/AIM/SPα/CD5L overexpression in alveolar type II epithelial cells induces spontaneous lung adenocarcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Chronic inflammation is an important contributor to the development of lung cancers, one of the most common malignancies worldwide, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammation that specifically cue cancer risk remains poorly understood. We have previously found that blocking neutral lipid metabolism in lysosomal acid lipase knock-out mice (lal-/-) leads to severe tissue inflammation and diseases in multiple organs, including the lung. In an effort to identify downstream target genes of LAL to promote lung inflammation, Affymetrix GeneChip microarray analysis were performed and identified apoptosis inhibitor 6 (Api6, AIM, Sp-alpha, CD5L) as one of top increased expression gene (70 folds in the lal-/- lung). This aberrant up-regulation of Api6 occurs primarily in alveolar type II (AT II) epithelial cells of lal-/- mice and this up-regulation of Api6 can be reduced by treatment of ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in lal-/- mice. To determine the functional role of Api6 in AT II epithelial cells, an epithelial-specific CCSP-rtTA/(TetO)7-CMV-Api6 bitransgenic mouse model has been generated. Here we report that Api6 is a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic molecule. Api6 overexpression inhibited apoptosis and activated oncogenic signaling in AT II lung epithelial cells, inducing emphysema and adenocarcinoma. Additionally, Api6 overexpression in AT II cells increased the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum, which promote expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the lung and blood but not in bone marrow or spleen. Lung MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation and activity in vitro and reduced levels of T cells in vivo following doxycycline treatment to activate Api6. Together, our findings establish that Api6 promotes lung tumorigenesis by blocking a mechanism of epithelial apoptosis that would normally support immunosurveillance. In humans, expression of the Api6 gene is up-regulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, the major phenotype is emphysema) and lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4975. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4975
Laser micromachining of the materials using in microfluidics by high precision pulsed near and mid-ultraviolet Nd:YAG lasers

Abstract Both near-ultraviolet (UV) laser and mid-UV laser micromachining on materials have been investigated systematically. The materials used in this research are sapphire, silicon, and Pyrex glass that are commonly used in microfluidic applications. Cutting, marking and surface ablation of those materials have been produced by direct writing using a high-speed x – y galvanomechanical beam positioner. Laser ablation results, including ablation rate and precision, are discussed. The results show that the both ablation rate and precision of laser micromachining depend on several factors, including focus length, beam feed rate (cutting speed), the pulse repetition rate and the absorption coefficient of the materials. The result indicates that the laser ablation process of these materials could be a mixed of photothermal and photochemical processes when using a near nanosecond pulse laser. The UV (355 nm) laser micromachining process, however, appears to be dominated by a photothermal process than those of mid-UV (266 nm) laser.
Does the Direct Anterior Approach in THA Offer Faster Rehabilitation and Comparable Safety to the Posterior Approach

Background Newer surgical approaches to THA, such as the direct anterior approach, may influence a patient’s time to recovery, but it is important to make sure that these approaches do not compromise reconstructive safety or accuracy.
Economic Evaluation of Design-for-Test Alternatives for Microelectronics Products

Abstract Cost-of-Ownership (COO) models, developed for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication equipment, can be extended to the various cost domains of microelectronics design and development cycles. Details of a COO model developed to evaluate design for test (DFT) alternatives are given, together with the results of application to case studies of different test scenarios. Scan and Built-in-Self-Test (BIST) are popular DFT solutions. Mixed scan/BIST alternatives are shown to reduce overall costs through improved fault coverage, which justifies extra design overhead and slight performance degradation in most cases. For all but relatively simple IC products economic benefits from DFT solutions are demonstrated.
The CD19/CD21 complex functions to prolong B cell antigen receptor signaling from lipid rafts

The CD19/CD21 complex functions to significantly enhance B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling in response to complement-tagged antigens. Recent studies showed that following antigen binding the BCR translocates into plasma membrane lipid rafts that serve as platforms for BCR signaling. Here, we show that the binding of complement-tagged antigens stimulates the translocation of both the BCR and the CD19/CD21 complex into lipid rafts, resulting in prolonged residency in and signaling from the rafts, as compared to BCR cross-linking alone. When coligated to the BCR, the CD19/CD21 complex retards the internalization and degradation of the BCR. The colocalization and stabilization of the BCR and the CD19/CD21 complex in plasma membrane lipid rafts represents a novel mechanism by which a coreceptor enhances BCR signaling.