cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of timing deviations and target position uncertainty on temporal attending in a serial auditory pitch discrimination task.

Listeners were presented with sequences of tones that ascended in semitone intervals. On each trial a single target tone in the sequence was displaced in pitch, and listeners were required to indicate whether the target tone was higher or lower than its normal pitch. Task constraints, specifically target serial position uncertainty and the probabilistic relationship between time deviations and target tones, were varied in order to determine the impact of task constraints on temporal attending strategy. When listeners had no advance knowledge of the serial position of the target, and early and late targets provided information regarding target serial position, performance was better for early and late target trials than for on-time target trials (Experiment 1). When listeners had no advance knowledge of the serial position of the target, and early and late temporal deviations provided no information regarding target serial position, performance for late target trials was superior to that for early and on-t...
Effect of UVA Light on the Activity of Several Aged Human Lens Enzymes

PURPOSE To determine the effect of UVA irradiation on the specific activities of several protective and metabolic enzymes in aged human lenses. METHODS Intact human lenses (ages 55-75) in artificial aqueous humor were irradiated in a quartz cuvette with UVA light (925 J/cm(2) per hour) at +20 degrees C. The lenses were homogenized and the activities of enzymes in the water-soluble (WS) fraction were measured in irradiated and nonirradiated lenses. RESULTS One hour of UVA photolysis of human lens resulted in a 70% loss in glutathione reductase (GR)-specific activity and a 24% loss in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD)-specific activity. At the same time, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed little or no loss in specific activity. GR and G3PD showed similar losses when human lenses were photolyzed with the same dose of UVA light delivered to the lens over 8 hours, using a 12.5% neutral-density filter (ndf), or over 24 hours with a 4.25% ndf. One hour photolysis of the human lens WS fraction under anaerobic conditions yielded an almost complete inactivation of GR, but only an 18% loss of G3PD activity. Under aerobic conditions, however, both enzyme activities were almost completely lost. Clear fetal bovine lenses, photolyzed under the identical conditions, displayed essentially the same loss of GR activity. CONCLUSIONS UVA light causes inactivation of GR in human and fetal calf lenses under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. This suggests that flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD), the prosthetic group of GR, may be responsible for the enzyme's self-sensitizing properties. WS proteins from aged human lens generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during UVA irradiation, which may be responsible for the inactivation of G3PD.
Long distance axonal regeneration of identified lamprey reticulospinal neurons.

Retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase was used to examine the time course and extent of axonal regeneration of 12 pairs of individually identifiable reticulospinal Muller cells and 2 pairs of Mauthner cells in larval lamprey that received transections of the rostral spinal cord in the gill region. With increasing recovery times (3-32 weeks post-transection) the descending axons of many of these neurons regenerated to progressively more caudal levels of the spinal cord. These results confirm that some reticulospinal neurons are capable of true regeneration. However, the regenerative capacity of these neurons was not uniform, even for neurons in the same brain stem nucleus in close proximity. For example, at 32 weeks post-transection some identifiable reticulospinal neurons could regenerate their axons to 60% body length or as much as 57 mm below the transection site. In contrast, previous studies indicated regeneration distances of 5-6 mm. Other neurons showed modest axonal regeneration, while one cell type showed very limited regeneration. The factors which may be responsible for the variable extent of regeneration among these neurons are considered.
Multiple sclerosis—a quiet revolution

The past 20 years have seen remarkable progress in research into multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in a veritable armamentarium of treatment options. Ransohoff and colleagues reflect on three major eras of drug development to date. The authors also offer guidance on how best to select between various therapeutics, and look to the future of MS research. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been thought to be a complex and indecipherable disease, and poorly understood with regards to aetiology. Here, we suggest an emphatically positive view of progress over several decades in the understanding and treatment of MS, particularly focusing on advances made within the past 20 years. As with virtually all complex disorders, MS is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, formidable biochemical, bioinformatic, epidemiological and neuroimaging tools have been brought to bear on research into the causes of MS. While susceptibility to the disease is now relatively well accounted for, disease course is not and remains a salient challenge. In the therapeutic realm, numerous agents have become available, reflecting the fact that the disease can be attacked successfully at many levels and using varied strategies. Tailoring therapies to individuals, risk mitigation and selection of first-line as compared with second-line medications remain to be completed. In our view, the MS landscape has been comprehensively and irreversibly transformed by this progress. Here we focus on MS therapeutics—the most meaningful outcome of research efforts.
SPACE-BASED ELECTROSTATIC ANTENNA DESIGN WITH POINTING AND BEAM WIDTH CONTROL

A new type of adaptable antenna is described that points over a 6-deg range and whose directivity is varied over a 6.5-dB range in experimental tests. The electrostatic antenna concept presented here can be regarded as a compromise between the low-performance mechanical method of adapting the far-field beam pattern and the high-performance but often prohibitively complex method of carrying out the adaptations electronically. The electrostatic antenna is shown to be well suited for space-based applications.
Impact of the change in polio vaccination schedule on immunization coverage rates: a study in two large health maintenance organizations.

Objective. In January 1997, one of the most significant changes to United States vaccine policy occurred when polio immunization guidelines changed to recommend a schedule containing inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). There were concerns that parent or physician reluctance to accept IPV into the routine childhood immunization schedule would lead to lowered coverage. We determined whether adoption of an IPV schedule had a negative impact on immunization coverage. Design. A cohort study of 2 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs), Group Health Cooperative and Kaiser Permanente Northern California, was conducted. For analysis at 12 months of age, children who were born between October 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and were commercially insured and covered by Medicaid were continuously enrolled; for analysis at 24 months of age, children who were born between October 1, 1996, and June 30, 1997, and were commercially insured and covered by Medicaid were continuously enrolled. The 3 measures of immunization status at 12 and 24 months of age were up-to-date status, cumulative time spent up-to-date, and the number of missed opportunity visits. Results. At both HMOs, children who received IPV were as likely to be up to date at 12 months as were children who received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), whereas at Group Health, children who received IPV were slightly more likely to be up to date at 24 months (relative risk: 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.19). These findings were consistent for children who were covered by Medicaid. At Kaiser Permanente, children who received IPV spent ∼3 fewer days up to date in the first year of life, but this difference did not persist at 2 years of age. At Group Health, children who received IPV were no different from those who received OPV in terms of days spent up to date by 1 or 2 years of age. At Group Health, children who received IPV were less likely to have a missed opportunity by 12 months old (odds ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.70), but this finding did not persist at 24 months of age. At Kaiser Permanente, children who received IPV were more likely to have a missed opportunity by 12 months (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.30), and 24 months of age (OR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.67). Conclusions. The changeover from an all-OPV schedule to one containing IPV had little if any negative impact on vaccine coverage. Use of IPV was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of being up to date at 2 years of age at one of the HMOs and conversely was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of having a missed-opportunity visit in the other HMO.polio, poliomyelitis, vaccination, immunization coverage.
Collective resonance frequencies in metal clusters

Abstract The collective resonance frequency of valence electrons in small metal clusters is calculated analytically. The self-consistent solution takes into account the density profile of the valence electrons, as given by the recently developed statistical approach. The resonance frequency is red shifted with respect to its classical value, and depends on the amount of the electron cloud's spill-out outside the boundary of the positive cluster core.
Magnetic ordering in manganese clusters

Isolated manganese clusters, ${\text{Mn}}_{n},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(n=5--22)$ are deflected by a linear-gradient magnetic field. ${\text{Mn}}_{7}{\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{Mn}}_{22}$ are found to deflect uniformly toward high field. The magnitude of the deflections indicate susceptibilities far in excess of those expected based on the susceptibility of bulk manganese, demonstrating that Mn clusters in this size range are magnetically ordered. Per-atom moments obtained from Curie's Law analysis range from $0.4{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{b}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}({\text{Mn}}_{19})$ to $1.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{b}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}({\text{Mn}}_{12})$. For ${\text{Mn}}_{5}$ and ${\text{Mn}}_{6}$, symmetric broadening of the cluster beam is observed, and their moments were determined via line-shape analysis using both free-spin and adiabatic rotor models. The measured moments, interpreted in light of recent density functional theory calculations, suggest that Mn clusters in this size range are molecular ferrimagnets.
A new synthesis of substituted barbituric acids

Abstract Malonic acid and substituted malonic acids react under mild conditions with N,N′-disubstituted carbodiimides to give barbiturates. The reaction of malonic acid and ethylmalonic acid with N,N′-di- p -tolycarbodiimide, however, follows a different course.
Movement of water through the thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes in the western Mojave Desert, USA

Previous studies indicate that a small quantity of recharge occurs from infiltration of streamflow in intermittent streams in the upper Mojave River basin, in the western Mojave Desert, near Victorville, California. Chloride, tritium, and stable isotope data collected in the unsaturated zone between 1994 and 1998 from boreholes drilled in Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes indicate that infiltration of streamflow occurs to depths below the root zone, and presumably to the water table, along much of Oro Grande Wash and near the mountain front along Sheep Creek Wash. Differences in infiltration at sites along each wash are the result of hydrologic variables such as proximity to the mountain front, quantity of streamflow, and texture of the subsurface deposits. Differences in infiltration between the washes are the result of large-scale geomorphic processes. For example, Oro Grande wash is incised into the Victorville fan and infiltration has occurred at approximately the same location over recent geologic time. In contrast, Sheep Creek Wash overlies an active alluvial fan and the stream channel can move across the fan surface through time. Infiltration does not occur to depths below the root zone at control sites outside of the washes.
Targeting protein lipidation in disease

Fatty acids and/or isoprenoids are covalently attached to a variety of disease-related proteins. The distinct chemical properties of each of these hydrophobic moieties allow lipid modification to serve as a mechanism to regulate protein structure, localization and function. This review highlights recent progress in identifying inhibitors of protein lipidation and their effects on human disease. Myristoylation inhibitors have shown promise in blocking the action of human pathogens. Although inhibitors that block prenylation of Ras proteins have not yet been successful for cancer treatment, they may be efficacious in the rare premature aging syndrome progeria. Agents that alter the palmitoylation status of Ras, Wnt and Hh proteins have recently been discovered, and represent the next generation of potential chemotherapeutics.
In Practice: Using the “developing competency” vector to prepare students for competent academic major exploration

Though many programs for undecided students focus on the “developing purpose” vector, Mika Galilee-Belfer argues that putting purpose before competency is putting the cart before the horse. Here she shares practical strategies she has used to help her students at the University of Arizona reach competence in understanding the academic world.
A fast algorithm for scalar Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation

In this paper, we derive a fast algorithm for the scalar Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation. Givenn distinct pointsz i in the unit disk |z|<1 andn complex numbersw i satisfying the Pick condition for 1?i?n, the new Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation algorithm requires onlyO(n) arithmetic operations to evaluate the interpolatory rational function at a particular value ofz, in contrast to the classical algorithm which requiresO(n 2) arithmetic operations to compute the so-called Fenyves array (which is inherent in the classical algorithm). The new algorithm bypasses the generation of the Fenyves array to speed up the computation, and also yields a parallel scheme requiring onlyO(logn) arithmetic operations on a concurrent-read, exclusive-write parallel random access machine withn processors. We must remark that the rational functionf(z) computed by the new algorithm is one degree higher than the function computed by the classical algorithm.
The Tuna-Dolphin Controversy

This study uses the case of the tuna-dolphin controversy to inform discussions in the sociology of agriculture regarding global post-Fordism in general and the new mode of regulation in particular. Global post-Fordism is defined as the global economic restructuring in progress and the associated emergence of transnational corporations (TNCs) and transnational-States. Mode of regulation is the historically specific set of social norms that are institutionalized within civil society—primarily by the State—whose regularity underpins continued accumulation.
Simple closed‐form expressions for microstrip green's functions in a magneto‐dielectric substrate

By invoking a thin substrate approximation, accurate spatial-domain expressions for the Green's functions, G, and Gm, of microstrip structures in a magneto-dielectric substrate are derived. The expression for Gm is given in terms of a quasidynamic solution corresponding to a point source and its partial images, while that of Ge is derived in terms of a quasidynamic contribution plus a correction term. It is demonstrated that the addition of the correction term is needed in order to accurately calculate Ge in the near field.
"The Actual Sky Is a Horror": Thomas Hardy and the Arnoldian Conception of Science

This essay sets Thomas Hardy9s novel Two on a Tower (1882) in the context of the astronomy and thermodynamics contemporary to it, focusing specifically on coverage of the transits of Venus in 1874 and 1882 and associated discussions of interstellar distance, as well as on the growing awareness of the implications of entropy for the life span of the sun and stars-developments that made the universe seem hostile to human existence and beyond human ability to understand. Investigating how Hardy incorporates and reshapes this scientific material in his novel, I argue that Two on a Tower participates in a reevaluation of the potential of science to fulfill humanity9s moral and spiritual needs. Hardy uses his novel to explore whether literature has the ability-as Matthew Arnold, in "Literature and Science" (1882) claims it does-to reconcile or relate science to human experience. In the course of Two on a Tower, however, Hardy discovers this reconciliation to be impossible, and the novel9s final chapters recognize both a formal and a moral need to choose the human view of life over the scientific one.
The intersection of suspect and victim race/ethnicity among anti-gay and anti-lesbian bias crimes

The interracial or intraracial nature of crime in the United States is poorly understood. In particular, few studies have examined the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender among sexual orientation-motivated bias crimes. This study examines 2002–2008 data on anti-gay and anti-lesbian bias crimes from the Los Angeles County Commission on Human Relations to explore the racialised nature of anti-gay and anti-lesbian crimes. When taking the overall racial/ethnic diversity of Los Angeles County into account, results suggest that anti-lesbian bias crimes are predominantly intraracial, while anti-gay crimes showed a strong tendency towards intraracial crimes among White and Black suspects and mixed results among Asians and Latino suspects. Although the majority of bias crimes were intraracial, when they were interracial, White gay men were victimised at higher rates than racial/ethnic minority gay men. Future research directions and implications are discussed, including the need for more research on bias cri...
Compressive geoacoustic inversion using ambient noise

Surface generated ambient noise can be used to infer sediment properties. Here, a passive geoacoustic inversion method that uses noise recorded by a drifting vertical array is adopted. The array is steered using beamforming to compute the noise arriving at the array from various directions. This information is used in two different ways: Coherently (cross-correlation of upward/downward propagating noise using a minimum variance distortionless response fathometer), and incoherently (bottom loss vs frequency and angle using a conventional beamformer) to obtain the bottom properties. Compressive sensing is used to invert for the number of sediment layer interfaces and their depths using coherent passive fathometry. Then the incoherent bottom loss estimate is used to refine the sediment thickness, sound speed, density, and attenuation values. Compressive sensing fathometry enables automatic determination of the number of interfaces. It also tightens the sediment thickness priors for the incoherent bottom loss inversion which reduces the search space. The method is demonstrated on drifting array data collected during the Boundary 2003 experiment.
Simple two‐step sediment extraction procedure for use in genotoxicity and toxicity bioassays

Three simple sediment extraction procedures, using Milli-Q water, DMSO, and methanol, were applied to 16 sediment samples collected from the Thames River, Ontario, Canada. The three extracts were tested for the presence of toxicity and genotoxicity using the Microtox,® Toxi-Chromotest,® and Mutatox® (with and without S9) procedures. Results of the study indicated that the Mutatox genotoxicity screening test was an extremely sensitive procedure responding to chemicals in all three types of extracts. Methanol was found to be more efficient than DMSO in extracting toxic and genotoxic chemicals from these sediments. Procedural details and results are discussed.
Effects of frequency and bandwidth on diagnostic information transfer in ultrasonic B-Mode imaging

Transmitted pressure pulses in ultrasonic Bmode imaging systems are commonly characterized by their center frequency and bandwidth. Both parameters are associated with tradeoffs in spatial resolution and signal-to-noise in ultrasonic system design, with no general understanding of where they are optimal when applied to specific clinical exams. We use the ideal observer and simple psychophysical studies with human observers to evaluate the efficiency of information transfer in B-mode imaging as a function of the transmitted pulse center frequency and fractional bandwidth. Our approach uses a statistical model of backscatter relevant to breast imaging, and a 2-D model of pulse propagation based on Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory. The statistics of the backscattered signal are combined in an ideal observer calculation that quantifies the task-relevant information contained in the radio-frequency (RF) signal after delay-andsum beamforming. This is followed by a psychophysical evaluation of observer performance on B-mode envelope-detected images in three simple tasks. This experimental design allows us to track the flow of diagnostic information through RF acquisition and subsequent reading of the envelope image. In a low-contrast detection task and a high-contrast boundary discrimination task, optimal efficiency for human observers is observed at the highest center frequencies tested (15 MHz) and at moderate bandwidth (40%). For detection of scattering material in a high-contrast hypoechoic lesion, optimal efficiency was observed at lower center frequencies (5 MHz) and higher bandwidth (80%). The ideal observer analysis shows that this task dependence does not arise in the acquisition stage, where efficiency is maximized at 15 MHz with bandwidths of 60% or greater, but rather in the subsequent processing and reading of the envelope image. In addition, at higher frequencies more information is lost in the processing and reading than in the acquisition of reflected signals.
Lying and intentions

In this essay I criticize recent attempts to prove that the concept of lying does not include the intent to deceive. I argue that examples by Isenberg and Carson fail to prove that one can lie without intending to deceive and, furthermore, that untoward consequences would follow if these authors were correct. I conclude that since intending to deceive is indeed a necessary condition of lying, the class of statements that constitute lies is smaller than what Isenberg et al. would suggest. Hence the class of deceptive advertisements is also correspondingly smaller.
In vitro susceptibilities of Ehrlichia risticii to eight antibiotics

Inhibition of the proliferation of Ehrlichia risticii cultured in murine macrophage P388D1 cells by eight antibiotics was evaluated by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining with an antiserum specific to E. risticii. There was a negative correlation between the percentage of infected cells and the log10 of the concentrations of all antibiotics examined. The ranks of the antibiotics in the order of 50% inhibitory concentrations (on a microgram-per-milliliter basis) after 48 h of exposure were as follows: demeclocycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline less than minocycline less than rifampin less than tetracycline less than erythromycin and nalidixic acid. When the antibiotics were removed after 48 h of incubation, continuous inhibition of proliferation was evident at 72 h. At 96 h regrowth of the organisms occurred in most of the cultures. The rate of regrowth was the highest with nalidixic acid, followed by erythromycin, at all concentrations of the antibiotic tested. Regrowth was observed with less than 0.1 microgram of minocycline per ml and less than 0.01 microgram of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and doxycycline per ml. With more than 0.01 microgram of demeclocycline per ml, however, the inhibition persisted for up to 72 h after removal of the antibiotic. These results indicate that demeclocycline was slightly more effective than doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and minocycline in eliminating E. risticii in macrophages in vitro, whereas tetracycline and rifampin were less effective. Nalidixic acid and erythromycin were ineffective.
Morphological substrates of conduction in the colonial hydroid Hydractinia echinata. 1. An ectodermal nerve net.

Correlative light and electron microscope observations suggest that the colonial hydroid, Hydractinia echinata, possesses a single ectodermal nerve net in gastrozooid and dactylozooid polyps, and in the uppermost ectodermal sheet of the basal mat, but not in free stolon tips. Two distinct cell types comprise this nerve net — ganglion cells and sensory cells, the neurites of which characteristically possess microtubules and electron dense, membrane-bound vesicles. The sensory cell body possesses an apical ciliary apparatus which distinguishes it from the ganglion cell type. Ultrastructural features of ganglion and sensory cells are presented in relationship to their distribution. Gastrozooids and the basal mat contain ganglion and sensory cells; dactylozooids contain ganglion cells primarily on the concave side of the polyp. Significantly, distinct bundles comprised of several neurites are found directly above the epithelio-muscular cell processes of the gastrozooid and dactylozooid. Although synaptic junctions have not been found between ectodermal nerve cells and the muscle processes, they have been found bridging two nerve cells.
Melting the glaze: Exploring student responses to liberatory social studies

ers, relying almost exclusively on the information found in the textbook, have disseminated the required information to students expected to listen passively and absorb the "important truths" they must know in order to pass exams (Apple, 1986; McCutcheon, 1981; Ravitch & Finn, 1987; Shaver, Davis, & Helbur, 1979; Sosniak & Perlman, 1990). Even though these "truths" continue to reflect the perspectives of the Eurocentric canon, it is not just students from historically marginalized groups who find them alienating and irrelevant. Reduced to an endless list of names, dates, and disembodied bits of information, social studies knowledge seems meaningless to nearly every student, regardless of race, class, or gender. As far as most students are concerned, the required social studies knowledge consists of nothing more than "assertions that are either true or false, correct or
Correlated delay of reinforcement in the instrumental conditioning of conversational behavior

Speaking in reply functions as a reinforcer. In an experimental conversation modeled on discrete-trials instrumental conditioning, with speed as the dependent variable, Ss learned an instrumental response reinforced by the opportunity to speak in reply. When shorter delay of the opportunity to reply was made contingent upon S’s responding slowly, Ss learned to match the cutoff speed, while noncorrelated yoked controls showed an ordinary acquisition curve (N = 80, p<.025), as in conditioning studies of correlated delay of reinforcement.
Development of an endocardial-epicardial gradient of activation rate during electrically induced, sustained ventricular fibrillation in dogs

Electrograms recorded with currently available electrodes become indistinct soon after the onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF), thus, little is known about transmural myocardial depolarization during VF. A plunge electrode system (plunge) was developed that registers discrete deflections during VF. These plunges were used to record for 20 minutes after inducing VF with a single premature shock in 20 open-chest dogs. In the first 6 dogs the epicardium was exposed to room temperature and in 14 dogs transmural temperature was maintained at 38 degrees C. Electrograms recorded with the transmural plunges contained sharp, discrete deflections during early VF in all dogs. Over the next 20 minutes of VF, the rate, regularity of cycle length and discreteness of the deflections in the electrograms decreased with time, first at the epicardial level, then deeper toward the endocardium. In all dogs, however, discrete, regular, rapid deflections persisted in the most subendocardial electrogram throughout the recording period. In 8 dogs, transmural myocardial biopsy samples were taken before fibrillation, and at intervals after the onset of fibrillation. The high-energy phosphate content of the myocardium decreased during VF, with comparable decreases in the epicardial and endocardial halves. Coronary perfusion was maintained during the first 20 minutes of VF in 6 additional dogs by cardiopulmonary bypass. A gradient of activation rates did not develop on bypass, but did develop within 1 minute of halting bypass. Thus, the endocardial-epicardial gradient of activation rates during VF is caused by ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of a Reservoir Drawdown on Bird Use of Lake Talquin, Florida

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of a reservoir drawdown on avian use of Lake Talquin in the Florida Panhandle. Observations during the drawdown of 1998 showed increased wading bird, larid, and passerine bird usage of the lake. A decline in the number of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nests and mean brood size was also observed during the drawdown. The two years following the drawdown showed increased wading bird usage, non-significant (P > 0.05) change in osprey nest success and young-of-year sport fish numbers, and declining common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) and lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) use compared to the two years prior to the drawdown. No significant correlation (P > 0.05) was observed between young-of-year sport fish numbers and total wading bird numbers. Post-drawdown changes may have been due to actual biotic changes in the lake, but also may have been part of larger regional or national trends. Lake managers should consider avian species along with the needs of lake front property owners and ...
Characterization of men with lower urinary tract dysfunction after surgical management of benign prostatic obstruction

Objective : To characterize the symptoms and urodynamic findings of men with lower urinary tract dysfunction after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Materials and Methods : A total of 123 consecutive men with lower urinary tract dysfunction after surgical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were analyzed. Men with prostate cancer, stricture, multiple TURPs, radical prostatectomy or prostate cancer treatment were excluded. Parameters assessed by urodynamics included bladder capacity, detrusor contractibility, pressure flow study, and post void residual. Analysis of the variance was used to compare outcomes of urodynamic parameters between the primary diagnoses. Results : Mean age at TURP was 68 years (range 39 to 88). Symptoms included frequency (68%), nocturia (53%), urgency (44%), and retention requiring catheterization (17%). A total of 72 men (59%) were diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), 30 (24%) with impaired detrusor contractility (DU), and 21 (17%) with detrusor over activity (DO). Among these groups, there was no difference in duration of recurrent symptoms, AUA symptom score, Quality of Life score, or prostate size. Maximum flow was significantly less and post-void residual significantly greater in both BOO and DU groups. Bladder capacity was significantly higher in DU. Conclusions : In the modern era, bladder outlet obstruction was the most common cause of recurrent lower urinary tract dysfunction after surgical management of BPO.
Optical properties of solid Na and Li between 0.6 and 3.8 eV

Optical constants of Na and Li in the form of evaporated thick solid films have been determined between 0.6 and 3.8 eV by ellipsometry. Measurements were made at room temperature through the quartz substrate at the quartz-metal interface. The optical conductivity of Na agrees well with the earlier data of Smith, while that of Li exhibits considerable differences from the results of Mathewson and Myers. The parameters of the nearly-free-electron model have been derived from the real part of the dielectric function, and the results compared with previous data.
Computer-Mediated Communication as Experienced by Korean Women Students in US Higher Education

Abstract Having grown up in an age of rapidly developing electronic communication technology, today's students come to higher education with high levels of comfort and familiarity with computer-mediated communication (CMC, hereafter). The students' level of comfort with CMC, coupled with CMC's promises of enabling supplemental class discussion as well as reaching students at a distance, has encouraged more educators to incorporate CMC as part of their instruction. Also, classrooms in US higher education are becoming more diverse with students coming from many different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In this context, this qualitative study describes experiences of international students in a large US Midwestern university as they participate in class discussion through CMC as a part of their course requirements. Seven Korean female students participated in the study, talking about their experiences of communication in cyberspace (CMC) in English through several in-depth interviews per participant. An...
Deep cavitands featuring functional acetal-based walls

The synthesis of deep cavitands with functionalized acetals as a fourth-wall is described. Recognition properties and stabilities of the complexes of two representative cavitands with aliphatic, aromatic, carbocyclic and adamantane guests were evaluated by NMR methods.
Patient Report of Guideline‐Congruent Gestational Weight Gain Advice From Prenatal Care Providers: Differences by Prepregnancy BMI

Background Prenatal care provider weight gain advice consistent with the Institute of Medicine recommendations is related to guideline-adherent gestational weight gain (GWG), yet many women may not receive guideline-congruent advice. We examined pregnant women's recall of prenatal care provider GWG advice in relation to prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of women (n = 149) receiving prenatal care for a singleton pregnancy at a large academic medical center in 2010. Data were collected via a survey during late pregnancy and medical record abstraction. Results Thirty-three percent of women did not recall receiving the provider GWG advice; 33 percent recalled advice consistent with 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Recalled advice differed by prepregnancy BMI; 29 percent of normal weight, 26 percent of overweight, and 45 percent of obese women reported not receiving advice, and 6, 37, and 39 percent, respectively, recalled advice exceeding Institute of Medicine recommendations. Among the 62 percent who recalled that their provider had labeled their prepregnancy BMI, 100 percent of normal weight, 32 percent of overweight, and 23 percent of obese women recalled the labels “normal weight,” “overweight,” and “obese,” respectively. Conclusions Helping providers give their patients memorable and guideline-consistent GWG advice is an actionable step toward preventing excessive GWG and associated maternal and child health consequences.
Sequence Diversity of Puroindoline-a, Puroindoline-b, and the Grain Softness Protein Genes in Aegilops tauschii Coss

Aegilops tauschii Coss. constitutes a valuable resource of genetic variability for improving cultivated bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Nucleotide sequence diversity was examined at the Hardness (Ha) locus, which bears the Puroindoline-a (Pina-D1) and Puroindoline-b (Pinb-D1) genes, and the closely related Gsp-Dl gene. A distinct signature of polymorphism and selection was evident in each of the three genes across loci for the 50 accessions of Ae. tauschii. Pinb-Dl was characterized by a high level of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.02966; θ = 0.0166) relative to a low level of variation in the neighboring linked Pina-D1 and Gsp-D1 genes. Despite the close genetic and physical linkage among these three loci, recombination and linkage disequilibrium analyses detected at least two recombination events, most likely at the interlocus level. Tests for neutrality showed that polymorphism at Pina-D1 and Gsp-D1 did not depart from a drift-mutation model. Genetic variation at the Pinb-D1 locus was higher than expected under neutrality suggesting that selection might operate to maintain polymorphism at this locus. The sequence variation resolved here will help elucidate the kind of variation that may be important for the function of these genes as well as to identify novel Ae. tauschii genotypes that may be used to broaden the range in wheat endosperm texture. Lastly, these results on sequence diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and recombination may help in the development of new strategies for breeding purposes.
Binding of conserved islet peptides by human and murine MHC class II molecules associated with susceptibility to type I diabetes.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most important susceptibility locus for type I diabetes in humans and NOD mice. NOD mice express a single MHC class II molecule (I-Ag7) which carries a unique β chain sequence. In humans, DQ alleles that encode DQ8 and DQ2 confer the highest risk for the disease. Soluble DQ8 and I-Ag7 were used to directly compare the binding specificity of these MHC molecules. Peptides from three islet antigens – insulin, GAD 65 and HSP 60 – bound to both CQ8 and I-Ag7. These peptides included epitopes that are immunodominant in NOD mice, namely insulin (9 – 23), GAD (206 – 220) and HSP 60 (441 – 460). All of these peptide sequences are highly conserved between the human and murine antigens. The binding specificity of DQ8 and I-Ag7 was similar, but not identical, since two peptides eluted from splenocytes of NOD mice did not bind to DQ8. DQ8 formed long-lived complexes with the majority of these peptides, indicating that DQ8 is not a poor peptide binder. These results demonstrate functional similarities between human and murine MHC class II molecules that confer susceptibility to type I diabetes.
Removal of Alkali Vapors by a Fixed Granular-Bed Sorber Using Activated Bauxite as a Sorbent

Studies have been conducted to develop a fixed granular-bed sorber for the removal of alkali vapors in a pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) combined-cycle system. A laboratory-scale pressurized alkali-vapor sorption test unit was used to characterize activated bauxite, the most effective sorbent identified earlier, for its alkali vapor sorption capability in a gas stream with temperature (≤900°C), pressure (10 atm absolute), and composition closely simulating the actual PFBC flue gas. A scale-up of laboratory tests is being conducted in a 15.2-cm-dia (6-in.-dia) PFBC system to demonstrate the granular-bed sorber concept. The NaCl-vapor sorption chemistry of activated bauxite is described. The extent of alkali-vapor evolution from the activated bauxite bed itself is discussed, along with an evaluation of the significance of its alkali vapor contribution to a downstream gas turbine. Details of the design of a high-temperature/high-pressure alkali sorber system for the demonstration of the sorber are presented.Copyright © 1985 by ASME
Radiologic manifestations of angioedema

The purpose of this pictorial review is to present imaging findings of angioedema involving the various organs. The role of imaging for patients with angioedema includes the evaluation of the upper airway for obstruction and the exclusion of other possible aetiologies, such as neoplastic or infectious processes. Glossomegaly is a common finding of head and neck angioedema. Angioedema may involve organ systems beyond the superficial regions and the head and neck including the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Angioedema of the visceral organs is often accompanied by adjacent fluid, and it is commonly diffuse or concentric but can also be multifocal and asymmetric.
Multicentric papillary renal carcinoma in renal allograft

A renal transplant recipient with 13 years of excellent allograft function was found incidentally to have a malignant mass in his transplanted kidney. After resection, pathological analysis showed 29 separate lesions of renal cell carcinoma. All tumors were confined within the renal capsule. The majority of tumors (21 of 29 tumors) were chromophil basophilic carcinoma with papillary architecture, 5 tumors were clear cell, 2 tumors were mixed cell type, and 1 tumor was chromophil eosinophilic papillary carcinoma. These histological findings are similar to those reported in hereditary papillary renal carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multicentric papillary renal carcinoma occurring in the renal allograft. We speculate that the allograft in this case is predisposed to malignant changes because of preexisting genetic mutations, as well as prolonged immunosuppression.
Passive Safety of the STAR-LM HLMC Natural Convection Reactor

The STAR-LM 300 to 400 MWt class modular, factory fabricated, fully transportable, proliferation resistant, autonomous, reactor system achieves passive safety by taking advantage of the intrinsic benefits of inert lead-bismuth eutectic heavy liquid metal coolant, 100+% natural circulation heat transport, a fast neutron spectrum core utilizing high thermal conductivity transuranic nitride fuel, redundant passive air cooling of the outside of the guard/containment vessel driven by natural circulation, and seismic isolation where required by site conditions. Postulated loss-of-heat sink without scram, overcooling without scram, and unprotected transient overpower accidents are analyzed for the 300 MWt STAR-LM design using a coupled thermal hydraulics-neutron kinetics plant dynamics analysis computer code. In all cases, STAR-LM is calculated to exhibit passive safety with peak cladding and coolant temperatures remaining within the existing database for lead-bismuth eutectic coolant and ferritic steel core materials.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Coupled Subcritical Water Extraction with Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determining Semivolatile Organics in Environmental Solids

Efficient extractions of semivolatile organic pollutants from solid samples can be obtained using subcritical (hot/liquid) water by simply placing the sample in an extraction cell, filling the cell with water, and heating the system in an oven. After a 15−60-min extraction, the cell is cooled, the water is removed from the extraction cell, and the solubilized organics are analyzed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Quantitative determinations (recoveries typically ranging from ∼60 to 140% compared to conventional solvent extraction) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil and air particulate matter were achieved using a 250 °C extraction step and isotopically labeled PAHs as internal standards. Quantitative determinations of more volatile (e.g., alkylbenzenes) and more polar compounds (e.g., aromatic amines) from contaminated soil using external standards of pure target analytes also showed good general agreement with conventional solvent extraction. Relative standard deviations (RSDs)...
New Scintillator Materials (K2CeBr5) and (Cs2CeBr5)

Cesium cerium bromide (Cs2CeBr5) and potassium cerium bromide (K2CeBr5) are new scintillator materials for X-ray and gamma ray detector applications. Recently halide scintillator materials, such as Ce doped lanthanum bromide has been proved to be very important material for the same purpose. These materials are highly hygroscopic; a search for high light yield non-hygroscopic materials was highly desirable to advance the scintillator technology. In this paper, we are reporting the crystal growth of novel scintillator materials, cesium cerium bromide (Cs2CeBr5) and potassium cerium bromide (K2CeBr5). Crystals were successfully grown from the melt using the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger technique, in a comparison with the high performance LaBr3 or LaCl3 crystals, cerium based alkali halides crystals, (Cs2CeBr5) and (K2CeBr5) have similar scintillation properties, while being much less hygroscopic. Furthermore, cesium based compounds will not suffer from the self-activity present in potassium and lanthanum compounds. However the Cs2CeBr5 crystals did not grow properly probably due to non-congruent melting or to some phase transition during cooling. Keywords." Scintillator materials; Ce3+; Energy resolution; Light yield; K2CeBr5
TU‐FF‐A3‐05: Real‐Time Lung Tumor Motion Prediction Using Neural Network Based Models Constructed From Unsorted Cine CT Images

Purpose: To develop neural network based models for predicting respiratory induced tumor motion from gating signals and unsorted cine CTimages. The ability of the models to predict target motion given real‐time surrogate marker motion was verified using a dynamic phantom with a target moving according to motion profiles derived from patient respiratory data. Methods & Materials:Tumor motion profiles were derived using patient data and imported into CIRS Dynamic Thorax Phantom. The phantom was imaged with a 4‐slice CT scanner in cine mode. Surrogate marker motion from the phantom exterior was recorded simultaneously using Varian's RPM system. Neural networks were constructed to model relationships between target presence or absence at each slice location and external marker motion. The combined networks for each of the slice locations were used to predict target motion. To verify the ability of the models to infer target position from surrogate signal, additional scans were performed. Models were used to predict target motion from external marker signals and compared to the motion patterns imported into the phantom. Results: Five preliminary experiments were performed with motion patterns from different patients. The models performed well for two cases, predicting motion with average errors on the order of image resolution, 1.26 mm and 1.39 mm root mean squared errors (RMSEs). For motion patterns with large peak‐to‐peak displacements or highly irregular frequencies / amplitudes, the predictions were less accurate. Conclusion: A neural network based method has been developed for modeling internal target motion using external surrogate signals and unsorted cine CTimages. Preliminary results indicate that the approach may be useful for some cases. Adaptive networks utilizing real‐time image information during the prediction process may be used to improve prediction accuracy for high frequency / amplitude motion patterns. Conflict of Interest: Partially supported by Varian research grant.