cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cortical Blood Flow by the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus: Topographic Organization of Cerebrovascular Regulatory Regions

We examined in rat: (1) the time-course and magnitude of change in cortical blood flow (CoBF) following electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and (2) whether DRN lesions affect resting CoBF or the cerebrovascular response to CO2. Animals were anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. The effect of stimulus frequency (1–200 Hz) and intensity (10–100 μA) on arterial pressure, heart rate, and CoBF was examined; lesions were made electrolytically. CoBF was measured using a laser-Doppler flowmeter with the probe placed extradurally over the parietal sensorimotor cortex. The DRN was computer reconstructed in three dimensions from Nissl stained coronal sections for localization of electrode placements. Brief stimuli (8 s; n = 6) elicited frequency and intensity-dependent increases in arterial pressure, heart rate, and CoBF. Sustained intermittent trains of stimuli of rostral DRN (200 Hz; 1 s on/1 s off; 70 μA) elicited a decrease (85 ± 12% of baseline; n = 9) in CoBF (...
Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma has changed dramatically in the past decade. The disease definition has been updated to include highly specific biomarkers in addition to established markers of end-organ damage. The staging system has been revised to combine both measures of tumor burden and disease biology. Advances in therapy have resulted in a marked improvement in overall survival. New drugs introduced in the past few years include carfilzomib, pomalidomide, panobinostat, ixazomib, elotuzumab, and daratumumab. In this review, we outline the current approach to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of multiple myeloma.
Analyses and predictions of the deterioration of comminuted beef

Abstract Mathematical models describing the growth of the indigenous population of beef showed that the predicted time to spoilage decreased as both the temperature (0, 3, 6 and 9°C) and the fat level (15, 20, 30% w/w) increased. The Arrhenius plots of the rate of growth of the indigenous bacteria showed a ‘discontinuity’ at 3°C, suggesting that this might be the practical maximum temperature for storage. The highest values of Q3 were at the 3° to 0°C storage temperatures range suggesting that this range might be most adequate for storage. The values of TO were 265.8, 265.2 and 266.1 K for products formulated with 15, 20 and 30% fat, respectively.
Mutations in VRK1 associated with complex motor and sensory axonal neuropathy plus microcephaly.

Importance Patients with rare diseases and complex clinical presentations represent a challenge for clinical diagnostics. Genomic approaches are allowing the identification of novel variants in genes for very rare disorders, enabling a molecular diagnosis. Genomics is also revealing a phenotypic expansion whereby the full spectrum of clinical expression conveyed by mutant alleles at a locus can be better appreciated. Objective To elucidate the molecular cause of a complex neuropathy phenotype in 3 patients by applying genomic sequencing strategies. Design, Setting, and Participants Three affected individuals from 2 unrelated families presented with a complex neuropathy phenotype characterized by axonal sensorimotor neuropathy and microcephaly. They were recruited into the Centers for Mendelian Genomics research program to identify the molecular cause of their phenotype. Whole-genome, targeted whole-exome sequencing, and high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays were performed in genetics clinics of tertiary care pediatric hospitals and biomedical research institutions. Main Outcomes and Measures Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing identified the variants responsible for the patients’ clinical phenotype. Results We identified compound heterozygous alleles in 2 affected siblings from 1 family and a homozygous nonsense variant in the third unrelated patient in the vaccinia-related kinase 1 gene ( VRK1 ). In the latter subject, we found a common haplotype on which the nonsense mutation occurred and that segregates in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Conclusions and Relevance We report the identification of disease-causing alleles in 3 children from 2 unrelated families with a previously uncharacterized complex axonal motor and sensory neuropathy accompanied by severe nonprogressive microcephaly and cerebral dysgenesis. Our data raise the question of whether VRK1 mutations disturb cell cycle progression and may result in apoptosis of cells in the nervous system. The application of unbiased genomic approaches allows the identification of potentially pathogenic mutations in unsuspected genes in highly genetically heterogeneous and uncharacterized neurological diseases.
Permanent Pilgrims: The Role of Pilgrimage In the Lives of West African Muslims In Sudan

Permanent Pilgrims: The Role of Pilgrimage In the Lives of West African Muslims In Sudan. C. Bawa Yamba. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. xiv. 237 pp., illustrations, appendixes, glossary, notes, references, index.
Digital Readers: The Next Chapter in E‐Book Reading and Response

The basic features of digital reading devices (such as the Amazon Kindle) are described in this article. The author also considers how such devices can advance e-book readership among primary students by offering new avenues for accessing and interacting with a wide array of texts. Rooted in the transactional theory of reader response and a new literacies perspective, this case study examines the reading and response behaviors of two second-grade girls as they read a book on a digital reading device. Findings suggest that using digital reading devices with second-grade students promote new literacies practices and extend connections between readers and text as engagement with and manipulation of text is made possible through electronic tools and features.
Theoretical Study of the Heats of Formation of Small Silicon-Containing Compounds

Heats of formation for nine small silicon-containing molecules were obtained from large basis set ab initio calculations using coupled cluster theory with a perturbative treatment of triple excitations. After adjusting the atomization energies for the finite basis set truncation error, core/valence correlation, scalar relativistic, higher order correlation, and atomic spin-orbit effects, the theoretical and experimental 0 K values of {Delta}H{sub f} values were in good agreement. Using 106.6 kcal/mol as the heat of formation of silicon, the authors obtain {Delta}H{sub f} values of SiH = 87.7 {+-} 0.4 vs 89.5 {+-} 0.7 (expt); SiH{sub 2}({sup 1}A{sub 1}) = 64.1 {+-} 0.4 vs 65.5 {+-} 0.7 (expt); SiH{sub 2}({sup 3}B{sub 1}{minus})= 85.4 {+-} 0.4 vs 86.5 {+-} 0.7 (expt); SiH{sub 3} = 47.3 {+-} 0.5 vs 47.7 {+-} 1.2 (expt); SiH{sub 4} = 8.7 {+-} 0.6 vs 9.5 {+-} 0.5 (expt); Si{sub 2} = 138.8 {+-} 0.4 vs 139.2 (expt); Si{sub 2}H{sub 6} = 19.7 {+-} 0.5 vs 20.9 {+-} 0.3 (expt); SiF = {minus}14.8 {+-} 0.4 vs {minus}5.2 {+-} 3 (expt); SiF{sub 2} = {minus}151.7 {+-} 0.5 vs {minus}140.3 {+-} 3 (expt); and SiF{sub 4} = {minus}384.5 {+-} 0.9 vs {minus}384.9 {+-} 0.2 (expt). Based on the present work, themore » authors suggest a number of revisions in the interpretation of the experimental data. Although a revision in {Delta}H{sub f}{degree}(Si) to 107.4 {+-} 0.6 kcal/mol at 0 K leads to improved agreement between theory and experiment for the SI{sub x}H{sub y} compounds, it worsens agreement for SiF{sub 4}. Given the remaining uncertainties in the theoretical approach, more definitive conclusions do not appear to be warranted.« less
Microfluidic chips for in vivo imaging of cellular responses to neural injury in Drosophila larvae

With powerful genetics and a translucent cuticle, the Drosophila larva is an ideal model system for live imaging studies of neuronal cell biology and function. Here, we present an easy-to-use approach for high resolution live imaging in Drosophila using microfluidic chips. Two different designs allow for non-invasive and chemical-free immobilization of 3rd instar larvae over short (up to 1 hour) and long (up to 10 hours) time periods. We utilized these ‘larva chips’ to characterize several sub-cellular responses to axotomy which occur over a range of time scales in intact, unanaesthetized animals. These include waves of calcium which are induced within seconds of axotomy, and the intracellular transport of vesicles whose rate and flux within axons changes dramatically within 3 hours of axotomy. Axonal transport halts throughout the entire distal stump, but increases in the proximal stump. These responses precede the degeneration of the distal stump and regenerative sprouting of the proximal stump, which is initiated after a 7 hour period of dormancy and is associated with a dramatic increase in F-actin dynamics. In addition to allowing for the study of axonal regeneration in vivo, the larva chips can be utilized for a wide variety of in vivo imaging applications in Drosophila.
Professional Performance Review Process: Your Best PR Tool

Abstract The Professional Performance Review Process (PPRP) was designed specifically for the school-based speech-language pathologist and enhances the four major purposes of professional performan...
Effects of stress management on PNI-based outcomes in persons with HIV disease.

A pretest-posttest, repeated-measures design was used to evaluate the effects of two stress management interventions on a battery of outcomes derived from a psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) framework. The effects of cognitive-behavioral relaxation training groups (CBSM) and social support groups (SSG) were compared with a WAIT-listed control group on the outcomes of psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neuroendocrine mediation, and somatic health. Participants were 148 individuals (119 men, 29 women), diagnosed with HIV disease; 112 (76%) completing the study groups. Using analysis of covariance, the CBSM group was found to have significantly higher postintervention emotional well-being and total quality-of-life scores than did either the SSG or WAIT groups. SSG participants had significantly lower social/family well-being scores immediately postintervention and lower social support scores after 6 months. The findings point to a pressing need for further, well-controlled research with these common intervention modalities.
Recognition of mitochondrial DNA deletion syndrome with non-neuromuscular multisystemic manifestation.

Purpose: To correlate the molecular characteristics of the mtDNA deletions with clinical phenotypes. Methods: Southern analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/DNA sequencing were used to determine the size and location of deletions in 16 patients with mtDNA deletion syndrome. An additional 48 reported cases from the literature were also included in the statistical analysis. Results: The common 5-kb deletion is found in eight of nine patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), mitochondrial myopathies (MM), or progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). The rare/novel deletions were found in six of seven patients with extra-neuromuscular multisystemic manifestations and infantile/early childhood onset. Conclusions: Patients with mtDNA deletion syndrome who manifest non-neuromuscular multisystemic disorders at a very young age usually harbor mutant mtDNA with novel or rare deletions in every tissue analyzed. For this group of patients, it is possible to use the less invasive blood specimens instead of muscle biopsies for molecular diagnosis. Overwhelmingly, the common 5-kb deletion is mostly seen in the muscle specimens of patients with KSS and age of onset after the second decade of life.
Using Science Trade Books to Support Inquiry in the Elementary Classroom

(2008). Using Science Trade Books to Support Inquiry in the Elementary Classroom. Childhood Education: Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 204-208.
Brainstem Alzheimer’s-Like Pathology in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

The triple transgenic mouse (3xTgAD), harboring human APP(Swe), PS1(M146V) and Tau(P301L) genes, develops age-dependent forebrain intraneuronal Abeta and tau as well as extraneuronal plaques. We evaluated brainstem AD-like pathology using 6E10, AT8, and Alz50 antibodies and unbiased stereology in young and old 3xTgAD mice. Intraneuronal Abeta occurred in the tectum, periaqueductal gray, substantia nigra, red nucleus, tegmentum and mesencephalic V nucleus at all ages. Abeta-positive neuron numbers significantly decreased in the superior colliculus and substantia nigra while AT8-positive superior colliculus, red nucleus, principal sensory V, vestibular nuclei, and tegmental neurons significantly increased between 2 and 12 months. Alz50-positive neuron numbers increased only in the inferior colliculus between these ages. Dual labeling revealed a few Abeta- and tau-positive neurons. Plaques occurred only in the pons of female 3xTgAD mice starting at 9 months. 3xTgAD mice provide a platform to define in vivo mechanisms of Abeta and tau brainstem pathology.
Structure and other chemical characterizations of gila toxin, a lethal toxin from lizard venom

The complete primary structure of a lethal toxin, horridum toxin, from the venom of the lizard, Heloderma horridum horridum, was determined by Edman degradation. The amino acid sequence was deduced by overlapping peptide fragments generated by chemical and enzymatic digestions. Horridum toxin causes hemorrhage in internal organs and particularly in the eye, leading to exophthalmia, an effect that has not been observed for other toxins. It is a glycoprotein with a total of 210 residues. Examination of the primary sequence revealed that horridum toxin has considerable homology to tissue-type kallikrein and trypsin. Furthermore, synthetic substrates for trypsin, such as tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester, benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester and other p-nitroanilide substrates, were hydrolyzed. The toxin released bradykinin upon hydrolysis of kininogen. This enzymatic behavior is similar to that of plasma kallikrein: however, the presence of a characteristic "kallikrein-like" loop at 91-100 (GTIYNCNYVN) in the primary structure and other features similar to tissue kallikrein suggest that horridum toxin is more like tissue kallikrein. This toxin degraded all three chains of fibrinogen but did not form a clot, which suggests that it is different from thrombin. Moreover, it differs from another lethal factor from H. horridum horridum, gila toxin, which has 245 amino acid residues and does not cause exophthalmia.
Computer assisted treatment planning for 125I ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy

Abstract This paper describes a computer program for planning the treatment of ocular tumors with 125 I plaques. The program permits the input of the tumor configuration into a model eye and facilitates the viewing of the relative geometry of the tumor and various eye structures in different perspectives. Custom-designed 1251 plaques can be localized onto the globe, and dose distributions can be calculated and superimposed on the eye structures in any plane or on the inner eye surface. The program allows efficient evaluation of the plaque design in terms of radiation dose distribution relative to the tumor and critical structures.
A cross-cultural analysis of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18.

The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18: Derogatis, 2000) is an abbreviated version of the nine dimension, 53-item BSI (Derogatis, 1993) which is a shortened form of the 90-item Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R: Derogatis, 1994). Criticism focused on factor structure (cf. Boulet & Boss, 1991; Ruiperez, Ibanez, Lorente, Moro, & Ortet, 2001) and the two older versions' poor discriminant validity suggest the scales' usefulness is limited to global scores only. Using principal component analysis, the authors explore the three-dimension factor structure of the BSI - 18 with the understudied population of Central American immigrants to the U.S. (N = 100). Results suggest one underlying factor best used in aggregate as a general screening for overall levels of psychological distress. Cultural differences are discussed.
D-optimality andD n -optimal designs for mixtures regression models with logarithmic terms

In this paper the authors put forward a new mixtures regression models with Logarithmic terms[14] to generalize Draper's models[1, 2 or 6] by using Kiefer-Wolfowitz's equivalence theorem[3], Fedorov's and Wynn's method[5]. And we also suggest a method for computer-aided design of combinatorial search[13].
Preoperative Diagnosis of Long QT Syndrome in an Infant With Tetralogy of Fallot

Long QT syndrome is a well-described entity in infants. Its presentation in the context of congenital heart disease is rare and is almost exclusively diagnosed postoperatively. For patients undergoing surgical intervention, preoperative knowledge of the diagnosis and appropriate perioperative management can be life-saving. We present the rare case of an infant with tetralogy of Fallot who was preoperatively diagnosed with long QT syndrome and discuss the implications of this diagnosis for his perioperative management.
Effect ofortho-methylation on a bis(4-cyanatocumyl)benezene low-dielectric resin

A synthesis procedure for and characterization of a tetra-ortho-methyl substituted three-ringed cyanate ester monomer, 4,4′-[1,3-phenylenebis(1-methylethylidene)]bis[2,6-dimethyl]phenylcyanato, and the corresponding cured resin are described with comparative characterization of the resin analogue without the ortho-methyl substitutents. The othro-methylation lowered the dielectric from 2.64 to 2.59 at 1 GHz and from 2.64 to 2.48 GHz at 15 GHz, whereas the tan δ was not significantly affected. Other physical properties also affected included a 40 °C decrease in the glass-transition temperature, an increase in the thermal-expansion coefficients, and a reduction in thermogravimetric stability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 60–67, 2003
The problem of hostility psychologically and theologically considered.

The subject of this paper is not an evanescent experience, as when we get angry, suggesting a momentary or passing experience; rather, hostility is the way we are in our world. It is a category of mood that is one of Hei degger's ways of understanding human existence.1 Hostility, descrip tive of human existence, is one of the ways we participate in the world. Therefore, we are not dealing with a side issue, or just a psychological happening, or a pathological occurrence. Hostility is nuclear to the human situation as we know it. It pervades our being and is, or should be, a primary concern of the church. In what follows we shall examine the psychoanalytic understanding of hostility, move to a theological appraisal, attempt a reformulation, and conclude with some implications for the life of the church. We shall not concern ourselves with what may be called situational anger, which is a relatively brief, transient reaction to an immediate or fairly immediate stimulus. This is probably what was in the mind of the Psalmist: "Be angry [literally, be enraged] but sin not; commune with your own hearts on your beds, and be silent." (Ps. 4:4). The writer of Ephesians views such anger similarly: "Be angry but do not sin; do not let the sun go down on your anger, and give no opportunity to the devil." (Eph. 4:26, 27).
The new media and the acceleration of medical education

Purpose – Medical education in the USA has historically been designed around social and economic conditions within the medical community, contributing to a fluctuating emphasis on the number of medical schools, as well as the methods by which medicine has been taught, and ultimately leading to a shortage in the physician supply. This paper aims to describe the current status of medical education training, including the tracing of its origins, and to articulate the ability of new media to accelerate and restructure the physician preparation process.Design/methodology/approach – The application of new media requires a rethinking of long‐held assumptions regarding the medical education process. Medical school faculty must be willing to develop new curriculum models, integrating new media technologies to facilitate varied learning modalities. Likewise, clinicians and basic scientists in medical schools must determine the most appropriate information needed by a practicing physician and make that information a...
Teaching the history of mathematics: a trial by fire

Teaching a course in the History of Mathematics can be both rewarding and terrifying. As a faculty member with no formal training in the history of my chosen subject, I created and taught a course initially intended for prospective teachers, but attended by math majors as well. The intense preparation required, difficulties that arose, and renewed vigor to teach it again made me feel as though I had completed a trial by fire. A brief idea of the course created, difficulties encountered, and some solutions discovered are presented.
Drinking water denitrification using a membrane bioreactor.

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated for denitrification of nitrate (NO3 ) contaminated drinking water. In the MBR, NO3 contaminated water flows through the lumen of tubular microporous membranes and NO3 diffuses through the membrane pores. Denitrification takes place on the shell side of the membranes, creating a driving force for mass transfer. The microporous membranes provide a high NO3 permeability, while separating the treated water from the microbial process, reducing carryover of organic carbon and sloughed biomass to the product water. Specific objectives of this research were to develop a model for NO3 mass transfer in the MBR, investigate the effect of shell and lumen velocity on NO3 mass transfer and investigate the effects of NO3 and organic carbon loading on denitrification rate and product water quality. A mathematical model of NO3 mass transfer was developed, which fit abiotic mass transfer data well. Correlations of dimensionless parameters were found to underestimate the overall NO3 mass transfer coefficient by 30–45%. The MBR achieved over 99% NO3 removal at an influent concentration of 200 mg NO3 -N L � 1 . The average NO3 flux to the biomass was 6.1 g NO3 -N m � 2 d � 1 . Low effluent turbidity was achieved; however, approximately 8% of the added methanol partitioned into the product water. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The magnetic behavior of Fe2O3Bi2O3ZnO films

Abstract The observation of superparamagnetism is reported in thin films of 0.5Fe 2 O 3 0.1Bi 2 O 3 0.4ZnO sputtered at high temperatures. The samples were deposited in a mixed oxygen-argon atmosphere at substrate temperatures T s = 325–525 K. Films are X-ray amorphous and paramagnetic for T s T s = 525 K, 50 nm microcrystals of an unidentified phase are detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic measurements were done on this film for static field as high as 30 kG and temperatures over the range 5–300 K. Curves of magnetization versus temperature for field-cooled and zero-field-cooled conditions separate at a specific temperature T f . Below T f , hysteresis and remanence are observed in the static field dependence of the magnetization. The superparamagnetic behavior is attributed to clusters with a mean diameter of 7 nm which are not identified by XRD.
Hospital nursing: It's a battle!' A follow‐up study of English graduate nurses

The purpose of this follow-up study, conducted 4 years after the initial study, was to elicit the recollections of English graduate nurses regarding their first year as qualified nurses in hospital nursing. The method was qualitative, specifically a grounded theory approach was used. The design was retrospective. The initial study took place when informants were in their final year before graduation. The follow-up study began after informants had been practising for between 3 and 4 years. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth, audio-taped interviews and were analysed through the constant comparative classification of patterns and themes. Research questions were: 'what do graduates nurses recall about their first year of practice in hospital nursing?' and 'what do they perceive as the difficulties of maintaining their standards?' Findings revealed the core variable as role stress. The stressful experience of living up to their individual perceptions of the role of being a graduate nurses was related to the influence of educational socialization, self-expectations, and nursing management expectations.
Effects of simulated flight on fan noise suppression

Attenuation properties of three treated fan inlets were evaluated. Tunnel flow simulated the inflow clean-up effect on source noise observed in flight and allowed observation of the blade passage frequency tone cut-off phenomenon. Acoustic data consisted of isolated inlet noise measured in the far field at two fixed positions and with traverses at four frequencies. Attenuation and source noise properties with and without flight simulation are compared and discussed. Averaged attenuation properties showed relative agreement of the inlets with their design intent, however, tunnel flow significantly affected the attenuation spectra.
Children with Chronic Illness Return to Their Baseline Functional Status after Organ Dysfunction on the First Day of Admission in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objective To determine chronic illness outcomes after admission with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) for patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Study design We evaluated consecutive PICU admissions from 35 US children's hospitals from January 2004–December 2005 in the virtual PICU Performance System database. We excluded hospitals with >10% missing values for MODS variables and patients 18 years of age. MODS was identified by laboratory and vital sign values from day of admission with International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference criteria. Chronic illness was identified by secondary diagnoses, classified by modified Delphi method. We evaluated functional outcomes with pediatric overall performance category and pediatric cerebral performance category scores from PICU admission and discharge. Results Of 44 693 admissions, 52.1% had a chronic diagnosis. Chronic diagnoses increased MODS at PICU admission (24.6% vs 12.0%, P P Conclusions Chronic illness increased MODS incidence at PICU admission and impacted all-cause PICU mortality rates. Although, in aggregate, children who survive return to baseline functional status, this varies by chronic illness category.
Fault perturbations in building sensor network data streams

The Critter temperature sensor device has been developed to understand the full nature of pervasive sensor networks. Off the shelf integrated sensor devices incorporate some amount of adaptation to make the devices more reliable. The Critter provides raw instantaneous readings including outlier data that may be considered anomalies or perturbations. We have deployed Critter data sensors pervasively through one academic building for almost 18 months. This paper explores the causes of temperature data perturbations, defined as two temperature data readings taken within seconds of each other that differ by several degrees. Temperature sensor data perturbations are actually the effects of user activity within buildings. By capturing the raw data without automatic processing, we are able to show a correlation between time of the work day and the frequency of data perturbation.
Mechanisms of Oxygen Metabolism

The enzymes which catalyze reactions of molecular oxygen occur in three principle classes: (i) oxygen transferases, (ii) mixed function oxidases, and (iii) electron transferases. The first class catalyzes the transfer of a molecule of molecular oxygen to substrate. The second class catalyzes the transfer of one atom of the oxygen to substrate; the other atom undergoes two-equivalent reduction. The third class catalyses the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide or to water.
Control of Muscle Softening and Protease‐Parasite Interactions in Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes stomias

Distinct proteolytic activity was observed in the incubated muscle tissue of arrowtooth flounder. Absorbance measurements of the TCA filtrates indicated maximum proteolytic activity between 55°C and 60°C, and minimum activity below 40°C. Instron puncture tests of raw, baked, steamed, deep-fat fried and microwaved samples of arrowtooth demonstrated that rapid inactivation of the protease(s) by microwave cooking significantly improved textural properties. Myxosporean parasites tentatively classified as Kudoa thyrsitis were identified in all but one of the arrowtooth samples. However, no clear relationship between parasite density and textural deterioration of the cooked fillets was observed.
An adaptive artificial hand

A review of the basic approaches to the artificial hand design is given. The importance of new ideas in this field using progress in automatic control theory is stressed. The most importemt feature of the new hand is the two level control. The movements of the hand can be controlled by signals produced by man as well as by external stimuli. For this purpose simple pressure sensitive transducers are placed in the hand to provide the control signals for reflexive-type movements. An adaptive control circuit is present for automatic weight adjustment. All these features are incorporated into the hand using simple and standard servocomponents. Use of appropriate feedback loops eliminates the need for complicated mechanical parts.
Seasonal Employees: The Link between Sense of Community and Retention

High year-to-year retention of seasonal employees can be a source of competitive advantage for tourism organizations. Past studies of seasonal employee retention have examined the issue from the perspective of job satisfaction. However, many tourism jobs have similar responsibilities from organization to organization suggesting another construct might also affect employee retention. The purpose of this study was to examine retention through the lens of employee sense of community (SOC) toward the tourism organization. Significant differences were found in SOC levels between those who returned to work at resorts and those who did not. Moreover, a logistic regression model showed SOC to be a good predictor of retention. Like in previous studies, factors that impact retention appear to be different for first year employees than experienced ones. However, the results suggest that somewhat different approaches for improving retention should be taken than the recommendations from past studies of seasonal employ...
An actor-based programming system

A programming system is described with which applications are built by defining collections of communicating objects, called actors. The actor programming system provides a uniform environment in which distributed applications can be automated in a highly modular and efficient manner. The system's design is based on the formal theory of actors, with certain modifications made for the sake of efficiency. We describe our view of the actor system, and an implementation of that view. We also discuss applications built on, and contemplated for, the actor system.
Ascorbic acid and drug detoxification

Abstract Ascorbic acid plays apart in maintaining adequate drug detoxification and its biochemical mode of action is of current interest.
Class, capital, and competing academic discourse: a critical analysis of the mission/s of American higher education

In this paper, we critically analyze institutional mission statements as discursive texts replete with symbolic meaning, as we believe these texts reveal a great deal about the ways in which higher education remains increasingly stratified. We argue that beneath the generalized rhetoric of institutional mission statements, lie powerful messages seemingly coded with varying forms of class-based academic capital. We further argue that these messages reflect two distinct, competing discourses surrounding the purpose and value of higher education, that parallel the stratification of the larger system itself. Findings reveal evidence of these competing discourses and contribute to larger discussions surrounding educational inequality.
A Vascular Growth Following Radiation Therapy for Breast Carcinoma Treatment

AVascular Growth Following Radiation Therapy for Breast Carcinoma Treatment Stephanie Baum, BS; Rishi Patel, MD; BethMcLellan, MD Awomaninher70spresentedwithanasymptomaticerythematous papuleofunknowndurationontherightbreast.Fouryearspreviously, shehadbeentreatedforductalcarcinomainsituoftherightbreastwith alumpectomyandradiationtherapy.Thephysicalexaminationrevealed numerous telangiectasias involving the rightbreast andanerythematous vascular papule on the superior lateral right breast (Figure, A). A shavebiopsy of the lesionwas performed (Figure, B andC). What is your diagnosis?
Purification and partial characterization of nitrate reductase from barley leaves

NADH-nitrate reductase from barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Steptoe) was purified 570-fold with over 50% yield by a procedure using ammonium sulfate fractionation and blue dextran-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme had NADH-, FMNH2-, and reduced methyl viologen-nitrate reductase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities, but not NADPH nitrate reductase activity. The NADH-nitrate reductase has a pH optimum at 7.5 and a Michaelis constant (Km) for nitrate of 2.4 × 10−4 M. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8 μ mol NO2−/min/mg protein. A single protein band corresponding to reduced methyl viologen-nitrate reductase activity was observed by disc gel electrophoresis. A S20,w of 7.9 S was found by a sucrose density centrifugation and a Stokes radius of 68 A was determined by gel filtration. From these values, a molecular weight of 221 000 was estimated for the native enzyme. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the native enzyme indicated a subunit molecular weight of approximately 100 000. Thus, the barley nitrate reductase contains two subunits of the same size.
International business students: a study on their use of electronic library services

This study seeks to explore and report international business students’ perceptions and expectations of electronic library services at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. A total of 143 international business students on campus volunteered to fill out a survey. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics such as t‐tests and correlation. A significant portion of international business students has no prior experience with electronic library services in their home countries. Moreover, about a half of international business students go to libraries other than the Business and Economics Library, partly because they provide better environment for study. Although electronic resources are available without the constraint of location, providing reference services for those who do not use the Business and Economics Library becomes a challenge. Virtual reference is an excellent tool, but most international business students do not see it as an important library service. Based on the results, implications for information literacy and virtual reference service are discussed.
The Role of Light and Gravity in the Experimental Transmission of Echinostoma caproni (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) Cercariae to the Second Intermediate Host, Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)

Trematode cercariae inhabit predictable environments and respond to trigger cues with genetically fixed releaser responses when foraging for the upstream host. The effect of light and gravity on the transmission of Echinostoma caproni cercariae to Biomphalaria glabrata was investigated experimentally. Transmission chambers were constructed of clear polyvinyl chloride pipe. Snails were constrained within the chamber to prevent movement, while permitting the cercariae to swim freely. A trial consisted of 2 infected B. glabrata shedding E. caproni cercariae placed at the center of the chamber, with 5 uninfected B. glabrata placed 10 cm on either side (or above and below) of the shedding snails as sentinels. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection sentinel snails in either experiment (light vs. dark or top vs. bottom); however, mean intensity was significantly higher in sentinel snails in the dark portion of the chamber (42.5 vs. 10.4; P = 0.001) and the top of the transmission chamber (66.1 vs. 38.0; P = 0.0003). There was a high correlation between the number of metacercariae collected from sentinel snails and the total number of infective units (metacercariae + unsuccessful cercariae): r = 0.992 (light vs. dark) and r = 0.957 (top vs. bottom), respectively, at cercariae densities estimated from 22 to 3,304/L. The results suggest that cercariae of E. caproni exhibit negative photo- and geotaxis in searching for a second intermediate host. Stereotypical releaser responses to environmental trigger cues (light and gravity) allow E. caproni cercariae to exploit flexible strategies for completing the life cycle consistent with the broad range second intermediate and definitive hosts used by E. caproni cercariae and adults, respectively.
Data synthesis and method evaluation for brain imaging genetics

Brain imaging genetics is an emergent research field where the association between genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and neuroimaging quantitative traits (QTs) is evaluated. Sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) is a bi-multivariate analysis method that has the potential to reveal complex multi-SNP-multi-QT associations. We present initial efforts on evaluating a few SCCA methods for brain imaging genetics. This includes a data synthesis method to create realistic imaging genetics data with known SNP-QT associations, application of three SCCA algorithms to the synthetic data, and comparative study of their performances. Our empirical results suggest, approximating covariance structure using an identity or diagonal matrix, an approach used in these SCCA algorithms, could limit the SCCA capability in identifying the underlying imaging genetics associations. An interesting future direction is to develop enhanced SCCA methods that effectively take into account the covariance structures in the imaging genetics data.
A thoracostomy tube guideline improves management efficiency in trauma patients

Background: Thoracostomy tube (TT) placement constitutes primary treatment for traumatic hemopneumothorax. Practice patterns vary widely, and criteria for management and removal remain poorly defined. In this cohort study, we examined the impact of implementation of a practice guideline (PG) on improving management efficiency of thoracostomy tube. Methods: We developed a PG aimed at standardizing the management of TTs in critically ill patients admitted to a Level I trauma center. During the 9-month period before (Pre-PG) and 3 months after (Post-PG) implementation, practice parameters including prophylactic antibiotics, duration of TT therapy, preremoval chest radiographs with associated charges, and complications were evaluated. Differences between groups were assessed by Mann-Whitney rank sum and X 2 with Yates correction. Results: There were 61 patients, 14 in the Pre-PG group and 47 in the Post-PG group. The groups were matched in age and Injury Severity Scores. The Post-PG cohort averaged 3 fewer days of TT therapy. After implementation of the PG, 21 patients did not have preremoval chest radiography, representing a $3000 reduction in radiology fees. Complication rates (retained pneumothorax, hemothorax, and empyema) were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: Implementation of a thoracostomy tube practice guideline was associated with improved management efficiency in trauma patients.
Pressure-confined clumps in magnetized molecular clouds

A substantial fraction of the mass of a giant molecular cloud (GMC) in the Galaxy is confined to clumps which occupy a small fraction of the volume of the cloud. A majority of the clumps in several well-studied GMCs (Ophiuchus, Orion G, Rosette, Cepheus OB3) are not in gravitational virial equilibrium, but instead are confined by the pressure of the surrounding medium. These clumps thus violate one of 'Larson's (1981) laws'. Generalizing the standard virial analysis for spherical clouds to spheroidal clouds, we determine the Jeans mass and the magnetic critical mass for the clumps in these clouds. The Alfven Mach number, which is proportional to the internal velocity dispersion of the clumps divided by the Alfven velocity, is estimated to be of order unity for all the clumps. The more massive clumps, which are in gravitational virial equilibrium, are too massive to be supported by magnetic fields alone (i.e., they are magnetically supercritical). Internally generated turbulence must play a key role in supporting these clumps.
CORRECTIONS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITION RATES DUE TO GROUND-STATE CORRELATIONS.

Abstract With the assumption that the two-particle-two-hole correlation structure of the nuclear ground state is given by the RPA result, some corrections to transition rates are calculated. These corrections decrease significantly the theoretical values for the transition strength of the dipole states in 16 O and are therefore in the direction of improving the agreement between theory and experiment. It is also found that appreciable transition strength may be obtained above the giant resonance region. Two mechanisms are considered in the later case, 1. (i) the direct excitation of high-energy two-particle-two-hole states proceeding via the ground-state correlations of the RPA theory and 2. (ii) the shifting of transition strength to higher energies via the mixing of the dipole states into two-phonon states at higher energies. In addition, corrections to the calculation of the form factors for two J = 2 − ( T = 1) states of 16 O are considered. The corrections arising from an analysis of the ground-state correlations are found to improve the agreement between theory and experiment when comparison is made to standard RPA calculations.
Numerical solution of time dependent electrodiffusion equations for a simple membrane

Abstract A technique is given for obtaining numerical solutions to the time-dependent electrodiffusion equations for a simple membrane. Voltage-clamp current densities are given as functions of time for several membrane boundary conditions and ion mobilities.
The College Social Fraternity Antidiscrimination Debate, 1945–1949

(1999). The College Social Fraternity Antidiscrimination Debate, 1945–1949. The Historian: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 303-324.
Auto-Engaging Mobility-Aid Securement Systems and Low-Floor Buses

The use of auto-engaging mobility-aid securement systems in regular transit operation on high- and low-floor transit vehicles in two cities was investigated in a demonstration project. The two cities were Eugene, Oregon, and Anchorage, Alaska. The impact of the new securement technology on vehicle operators, mobility-aid users, regular passengers, maintenance, and other transit staff was also investigated. Auto-engaging securement provides fast, safe, and independent mobility-aid securement for wheeled mobility aids. The auto-engaging securement systems were retrofitted on a select number of high-floor buses in regular transit service in Eugene, Oregon, and were factory installed on a fleet of new low-floor transit vehicles that were delivered to Anchorage, Alaska, for regular transit operations. Evaluation consisted of written and oral surveys administered to vehicle operators, mobility-aid users, regular passengers, and maintenance and other transit staff before, during, and after the demonstration proj...
A functional analysis of staccato grunt vocalizations in the stumptailed macaque (Macaca arctoides)

Social interaction analysis was used to evaluate the social effect and function of the Staccato Grunt vocalizations (Chevalier-Skolnikoff 1974) of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). Staccato Grunts are used in the highly specific context of an individual expressing friendly interest in an infant stumptailed macaque, as demonstrated in a previous quantitative descriptive study (Bauers 1989). It was hypothesized that these vocalizations function to signal an actor's benign intent when expressing Interest in Infants, that the signals are directed to the infant's mother, and that their use lowers the probability of an aggressive response from the mother. The functional hypothesis predicts that 1. mothers would not direct Staccato Grunts to their own infants; 2. Staccato Grunts would be given with higher probability when the mother of an infant is near (< 1 m), and 3, a mother's tolerance for attention or physical contact directed to her infant should be facilitated by Staccato Grunts. These predictions were supported by the data, based on analysis of the conditional probabilities of two-event sequences in 554 interactions. It is concluded that Staccato Grunt vocalizations are used pragmatically to acquire access to infants and to reduce the probability of aggressive responses from their mothers. Acoustic characterization of Staccato Grunts, and alternative interpretations of the behavior are discussed.
Models to Estimate Amino Acid Requirements for Broiler Chickens: A Review

Computerized growth models can be a useful tool to determine more profitable and accurate concentrations and balance of dietary amino acids and other nutrients for broiler chickens. The methodology of mathematical modeling can be rapidly accepted in poultry nutrition and research due to the complexity of nutrient requirement estimations in practical and economical terms, and the necessity to have some quantitative margin of safety in the prediction of broiler performance for decision-making applications in the poultry industry. This paper reviews the current problems related to the methodologies for amino acid requirement estimation for growing chickens, the development of mathematical modeling of growth and their applications in poultry nutrition, and a short chronological review of the evolution of computer growth models.
Effect of molybdate on sulfide production from methionine and sulfate by ruminal microorganisms of sheep.

Purified diets containing sodium sulfate and DL-methionine as sole dietary sources of sulfur were fed to fistulated sheep. The effect of dietary sodium molybdate (50 ppm Mo) on the capacity of the rumen microorganisms to produce sulfide from either sulfate or methionine was assayed in the two sulfur diets. Dietary molybdenum significantly inhibited the production of sulfide from sulfate but enhanced significantly the production of sulfide from methionine. The inhibitory effect of molyb denum on sulfide production in vitro and the number of sulfide-producing bacteria present in the rumen of these sheep are discussed in considering the mechanism of the molybdate effect on sulfide production. J. Nutr. 105: 1199-1205, 1975.