cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suicidal motivations reported by opioid overdose survivors: A cross-sectional study of adults with opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background Prior studies in heroin use disorder reported low rates (10%) of suicidal intention with non-fatal opioid overdose but did not assess dimensional ratings of suicidal ideation. This study aims to quantify the frequency and intensity of ratings of desire to die and perceived overdose risk proximal to the most recent opioid overdose event among individuals admitted for opioid use disorder detoxification/stabilization. Methods Cross-sectional study (June 2017-July 2018) assessing patterns of opioid use and variables related to overdose history was conducted in a not-for-profit psychiatric hospital. Adults (>18 years) with opioid use disorder were eligible and 120 of 122 participants completed all measures. Forty-one percent were women and 85% self-identified as white. Participants’ perceptions of the likelihood of overdose and their suicidal motivations (defined as desire to die) prior to most recent opioid overdose was self-rated on a scale of 0 (no desire to die/no risk of death) to 10 (I definitely wanted to die/I definitely thought I would die). Results Most (92%) surviving opioid overdose used heroin/fentanyl; over half reported some desire to die prior to their most recent overdose, with 36% reporting strong (>7/10) desire to die and 21% reporting 10/10 “I definitely wanted to die.” Perceptions of overdose risk were also variable, with 30% reporting no (0/10) likelihood of overdose and 13% reporting a high (10/10) likelihood. Conclusions Suicidal motivation prior to opioid overdose is common and falls along a continuum of severity. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if suicide prevention interventions may reduce opioid overdose in those at risk.
The International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine 2019 (ICIBM 2019): conference summary and innovations in genomics.

The goal of this editorial is to summarize the 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM 2019) conference that took place on June 9–11, 2019 in The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and to provide an introductory summary of the seven articles presented in this supplement issue. ICIBM 2019 hosted four keynote speakers, four eminent scholar speakers, five tutorials and workshops, twelve concurrent sessions and a poster session, totaling 23 posters, spanning state-of-the-art developments in bioinformatics, genomics, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, scientific databases, cancer and medical genomics, and computational drug discovery. A total of 105 original manuscripts were submitted to ICIBM 2019, and after careful review, seven were selected for this supplement issue. These articles cover methods and applications for functional annotations of miRNA targeting, clonal evolution of bacterial cells, gene co-expression networks that describe a given phenotype, functional binding site analysis of RNA-binding proteins, normalization of genome architecture mapping data, sample predictions based on multiple NGS data types, and prediction of an individual’s genetic admixture given exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms data.
A Support Group for Dying Patients

Confrontation with the inevitability of one’s death has long been considered a necessary part of authentic living. Philosophers from Plato to the twentieth-century existential thinkers have held that in order to learn to live well, one must first learn to die. But only comparatively recently have clinicians sought to help dying patients and their families integrate the knowledge of impending death with they way they live their lives. The time of facing death is one of sadness and mourning, but it is also a time of reorientation and a time of reconsidering one’s values, one’s priorities, and one’s sense of meaning in life. In this article, we shall describe a group approach to the care of the dying patient, an approach which ministers both to the anguish of dying and to the vitality which a confrontation with death may stimulate in the life which remains to the patient.
Skeletal Trauma with Implications for Intratail Mobility in Edmontosaurus Annectens from a Monodominant Bonebed, Lance Formation (maastrichtian), Wyoming USA

This study presents evidence of pre-mortem traumatic injury and its sequalae on multiple Edmontosaurus annectens skeletal elements recovered from a largely monodominant Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) bonebed. The sample consists of 3013 specimens excavated and prepared from two quarries, of which 96 elements manifest one or more macroscopic bone abnormalities and 55 specimens display pathology attributable to physical trauma. Evidence of traumatic pathology is strongly associated (P < .05) with body region, occurring disproportionately in the caudal vertebrae. Pre-mortem fractures with subsequent bone remodeling and hypertrophic ossification of caudal neural spines are present principally in the middle and mid-distal regions of the tail, while fractures of the vertebral centra are present primarily in the distal tail region. Other skeletal regions, such as chevrons, phalanges of the manus and ribs display unambiguous evidence of healed trauma, but with less frequency than the tail. These findings, in combination with current understanding of hadrosaurian tail biomechanics, indicate that intervertebral flexibility within the middle and mid-distal region of the tail likely rendered these caudal vertebrae more susceptible to the deleterious effects of repeated mechanical stress and subsequent trauma, potentially accompanying running locomotion and other high-impact herd interactions. Healed fractures within the region are also suggestive of accumulated injuries due to a combination of tail usage in defense and possibly accidental bumping/trampling associated with gregarious behavior.
Asymptotic analysis of statistical decision rules in econometrics

Abstract Statistical decision rules map data into actions. Point estimators, inference procedures, and forecasting methods can be viewed as statistical decision rules. However, other types of rules are possible, such as rules for assigning individuals to treatments based on covariates, and methods for designing auctions. We discuss heuristics for constructing statistical decision rules, and survey results that characterize the properties of various classes of decision rules. Particular attention is paid to developing large-sample approximations to the distributions and associated risk properties of statistical decision rules.
Mrs. Henry Wood: Mrs. Henry Wood, by Mariaconcetta Costantini, Brighton, Edward Everett Root, 2020. 224 pp., £45.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-9122-2494-4, £29.99 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-9122-2493-7

Victorian popular fiction is full of contradictions and inconsistencies that often give rise to more questions than answers. Should depictions of ambitious women who are ultimately punished for the...
Narratives of the Origins of Kinky Sexual Desire Held by Users of a Kink-Oriented Social Networking Website.

Empirical research on the origins of kinky erotic desires (e.g., sadomasochism, bondage, domination/submission, roleplaying, sexual fetishism, etc.) has been limited and rarely rooted in the narrat...
What matters when exploring fidelity when using health IT to reduce disparities

Implementation of evidence-based interventions often involves strategies to engage diverse populations while also attempting to maintain external validity. When using health IT tools to deliver patient-centered health messages, systems-level requirements are often at odds with ‘on-the ground’ tailoring approaches for patient-centered care or ensuring equity among linguistically diverse populations. We conducted a fidelity and acceptability-focused evaluation of the STAR MAMA Program, a 5-month bilingual (English and Spanish) intervention for reducing diabetes risk factors among 181 post-partum women with recent gestational diabetes. The study’s purpose was to explore fidelity to pre-determined ‘core’ (e.g. systems integration) and ‘modifiable’ equity components (e.g. health coaching responsiveness, and variation by language) using an adapted implementation fidelity framework. Participant-level surveys, systems-level databases of message delivery, call completion, and coaching notes were included. 96.6% of participants are Latina and 80.9% were born outside the US. Among those receiving the STAR MAMA intervention; 55 received the calls in Spanish (61%) and 35 English (39%). 90% (n = 81) completed ≥ one week. Initially, systems errors were common, and increased triggers for health coach call-backs. Although Spanish speakers had more triggers over the intervention period, the difference was not statistically significant. Of the calls triggering a health coach follow-up, attempts were made for 85.4% (n = 152) of the English call triggers and for 80.0% (n = 279) of the Spanish call triggers (NS). Of attempted calls, health coaching calls were complete for 55.6% (n = 85) of English-language call triggers and for 56.6% of Spanish-language call triggers (NS). Some differences in acceptability were noted by language, with Spanish-speakers reporting higher satisfaction with prevention content (p = < 0.01) and English-speakers reporting health coaches were less considerate of their time (p = 0.03). By exploring fidelity by language-specific factors, we identified important differences in some but not all equity indicators, with early systems errors quicky remedied and high overall engagement and acceptability. Practice implications include: (1) establishing criteria for languge-equity in interventions, (2) planning for systems level errors so as to reduce their impact between language groups and over time; and (3) examining the impact of engagement with language-concordant interventions on outcomes, including acceptability. Trial Registration National Clinical Trials registration number: CT02240420 Registered September 15, 2014. ClinicalTrials.gov.
Using gastrointestinal distress reports to predict youth anxiety risk: Implications for mental health literacy and community care.

This study investigates the generalizability and predictive validity of associations between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and youth anxiety to establish their utility in community mental health decision-making. We analyzed data from youth ages 3 to 21 years in volunteer cohorts collected in Los Angeles (N = 327) and New York City (N = 102), as well as the Healthy Brain Network cohort (N = 1957). Youth GI distress was measured through items taken from the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined generalizability of GI-anxiety associations across cohorts and anxiety reporters, then evaluated the performance of these models in predicting youth anxiety in holdout data. Consistent with previous work, higher levels of gastrointestinal distress were associated with more parent-reported youth anxiety behaviors in all three cohorts. Models trained on data from the Healthy Brain Network cohort predicted parent-reported and child-reported anxiety behaviors, as well as clinician-evaluated anxiety diagnoses, at above chance levels in holdout data. Models which included GI symptoms often, but not always, outperformed models based on age and sex alone in predicting youth anxiety. Based on the generalizability and predictive validity of GI-anxiety associations investigated here, GI symptoms may be an effective tool for child-facing professionals for identifying children at risk for anxiety (Preprint: https://psyarxiv.com/zgavu/).
Bariatric surgery in a patient with cystinuria.

We recently encountered concern about the safety of bariatric surgery for a patient with cystinuria. Bariatric surgery procedures include those that cause malabsorption, like the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure, and restrictive operations, such as the sleeve gastrectomy. These procedures produce beneficial effects on health and life expectancy, though whether kidney stones are prevented, as well as promoted, is not established. Although the importance of body weight to metabolic stone activity in patients with cystinuria is not established, the patient's physicians were concerned about whether any bariatric surgery procedure would affect her ability to drink sufficient quantities of water in order to reduce stone activity. Here we report the experience of a genetically defined patient with cystinuria who underwent a gastric sleeve procedure. In the months after the procedure, she lost 45 kg, though with time she regained 23 kg of that loss. She was able to maintain a urine volume of 4.0 L per day and has had no stone recurrence.
Voice Design to Support Young Children’s Agency in Child-Agent Interaction

Agency is essential to play. As we design conversational agents for early childhood, how might we increase the child-centeredness of our approaches? Giving children agency and control in choosing their agent representations might contribute to the overall playfulness of our designs. In this study with 33 children ages 4–5 years old, we engaged children in a creative storytelling interaction with conversational agents in stuffed animal embodiments. Young children conversed with the stuffed animal agents to tell stories about their creative play, engaging in question and answer conversation from 2 minutes to 24 minutes. We then interviewed the children about their perceptions of the agent’s voice, and their ideas for agent voices, dialogues, and interactions. From babies to robot daddies, we discover three themes from children’s suggestions: Family Voices, Robot Voices, and Character Voices. Additionally, children desire agents who (1) scaffold creative play in addition to storytelling, (2) foster personal, social, and emotional connections, and (3) support children’s agency and control. Across these themes, we recommend design strategies to support the overall playful child-centeredness of conversational agent design.
Interspike interval correlations in neuron models with adaptation and correlated noise.

The generation of neural action potentials (spikes) is random but nevertheless may result in a rich statistical structure of the spike sequence. In particular, contrary to the popular renewal assumption of theoreticians, the intervals between adjacent spikes are often correlated. Experimentally, different patterns of interspike-interval correlations have been observed and computational studies have identified spike-frequency adaptation and correlated noise as the two main mechanisms that can lead to such correlations. Analytical studies have focused on the single cases of either correlated (colored) noise or adaptation currents in combination with uncorrelated (white) noise. For low-pass filtered noise or adaptation, the serial correlation coefficient can be approximated as a single geometric sequence of the lag between the intervals, providing an explanation for some of the experimentally observed patterns. Here we address the problem of interval correlations for a widely used class of models, multidimensional integrate-and-fire neurons subject to a combination of colored and white noise sources and a spike-triggered adaptation current. Assuming weak noise, we derive a simple formula for the serial correlation coefficient, a sum of two geometric sequences, which accounts for a large class of correlation patterns. The theory is confirmed by means of numerical simulations in a number of special cases including the leaky, quadratic, and generalized integrate-and-fire models with colored noise and spike-frequency adaptation. Furthermore we study the case in which the adaptation current and the colored noise share the same time scale, corresponding to a slow stochastic population of adaptation channels; we demonstrate that our theory can account for a nonmonotonic dependence of the correlation coefficient on the channel’s time scale. Another application of the theory is a neuron driven by network-noise-like fluctuations (green noise). We also discuss the range of validity of our weak-noise theory and show that by changing the relative strength of white and colored noise sources, we can change the sign of the correlation coefficient. Finally, we apply our theory to a conductance-based model which demonstrates its broad applicability.
Social Determinants to Real FreedomsAn Empirical Development of the Capabilities Approach

approved: Jonathan Kaplan In the Capabilities Approach literature “capabilities” are the real freedoms individuals possess to achieve certain “functionings,” which are the doings and beings that constitute a good life. I argue that this approach requires, or at least can benefit from, an account of the psychosocial mechanisms involved in capability limitation. The three mechanisms, or pathways, I consider include the cognitive resources perspective, the stress process model, and cumulative advantage and disadvantage theory. Each of these pathways begins with an individual’s social characteristics and results in health outcomes with direct and indirect capability relations. Since these capability relations are distributed unequally according to individuals’ social characteristics they are an issue of social justice and require policy attention. I highlight some policy recommendations made in the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health report and recommend policies to address the experiences of direct discrimination that report overlooks. I also explain some ways in which the pathways considered here can address two difficulties in the practical application of the capabilities approach, viz., measuring and selecting capabilities. Key Words: Capabilities Approach, freedom, social justice, psychosocial stress, cognitive resources, cumulative advantage/disadvantage, social determinants of health Corresponding e-mail address: michael.trujillo@lifetime.oregonstate.edu ©Copyright by Michael A. Trujillo May 27, 2014 All Rights Reserved Social Determinants to Real Freedoms An Empirical Development of the Capabilities Approach by Michael A. Trujillo A PROJECT submitted to Oregon State University University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Philosophy and Biology (Honors Scholar) Presented May 27, 2014 Commencement June 2014
Predicting protein-protein interactions with k-nearest neighbors classification algorithm

In this work we address the problem of predicting protein-protein interactions. Its solution can give greater insight in the study of complex diseases, like cancer, and provides valuable information in the study of active small molecules for new drugs, limiting the number of molecules to be tested in laboratory. We model the problem as a binary classification task, using a suitable coding of the amino acid sequences. We apply k-Nearest Neighbors classification algorithm to the classes of interacting and noninteracting proteins. Results show that it is possible to achieve high prediction accuracy in cross validation. A case study is analyzed to show it is possible to reconstruct a real network of thousands interacting proteins with high accuracy on standard hardware.
Helmholtz Formula and Rayleigh Hypothesis

This chapter concerns two problems. First, we consider the Helmholtz formula which enables us to express the field at any point of some region through boundary values of this field and its normal derivative. Section 3.1 presents a simple derivation of the Helmholtz formula when it directly follows from the differentiation rule for discontinuous functions. The advantage of this derivation is a clear demonstration of the Helmholtz formula ambiguity which is used in the following chapters. Section 3.1 also discusses some consequences of the formula and derives integral equations for surface density at the boundary.
Susceptibility of Welded and Non-Welded Titanium Alloys to Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Simulated Concentrated Ground Waters

The engineering barriers for the nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain include a double walled container and a detached drip shield. The material selected to construct the drip shield will be Titanium Grade 7 (Ti Gr 7 or R52400). Ti Gr 7 is highly resistant to corrosion and consequently it is widely used to handle aggressive industrial environments. The model for the degradation of the engineering barriers includes three modes of corrosion, namely general corrosion, localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). The objective of the current research was to characterize the susceptibility of three titanium alloys to EAC in several environmental conditions with varying solution composition, pH and temperature. The susceptibility to EAC was evaluated using constant deformation (deflection) U-bend specimens in both the non-welded and welded conditions. Results show that after more than five years exposure in the vapor and liquid phases of alkaline (pH {approx} 10) and acidic (pH {approx} 3) multi-ionic environments at 60 C and 90 C, most of the specimens were free from EAC. The only specimens that suffered EAC were welded Ti Gr 12 (R53400) exposed to liquid simulated concentrated water (SCW) at 90 C.
Stable and Metastable Equilibria in the Systems Y2O2-Al2O3, and Gd2O3-Fe2O3

The phase equilibrium relations in the systems Y2O3-Al2O3 and Gd2O3-Fe2O3 were examined. Each system has two stable binary compounds. A 3:s molar ratio garnet-type compound exists in both systems. The 1:1 distorted perovskite structure is stable in the system Gd2O3-Fe2O3 but only metastable in the system Y2O3-AI2O3. This interesting example of metastable formation and persistence of a compound with ions of high Z/r values explains the discrepancies in the literature on the structure of the composition YA1O3. A new 2:1 molar ratio cubic phase has been found in the system Y2O3-A12O3. Since silicon can be completely substituted for aluminum in this compound, the aluminum ions are presumably in fourfold coordination.
Award vs. Worker Behaviors in Competitive Crowdsourcing Tasks

Context: Existing studies have shown that award settings for software crowdsourcing tasks can be accurately predictable to reflect the size and complexity of the tasks. However, as one of the most important motivating factors for on line crowdsourcing workers, it is more important for the task requesters to not only be able to estimate "what the nominal price should be?" for their tasks, but also to justify "what the strategic price should be?" in order to incentivize broader worker participation as well as higher quality of final submissions. Goal: To address the above questions, this paper reports an empirical study to develop further understanding about the relationship between tasks award and associated worker behaviors. Method: We develop a conceptual award-behavior model, formulate a set of research questions about the relationships of award and worker's behavior and performance, and conduct 4 empirical studies on 514 crowdsourcing tasks extracted from TopCoder platform. Results: Major results include: (1) in general, negative correlations between award and worker behavior metrics; (2) a decreasing tendency in making submission as the number of registrants increases; (3) a weak positive correlation of 0.19 between number of registrants and score of the winning submission; and (4) for similar tasks, the relationship of award on worker behavior follows a variety of inverted U-shape curves. Conclusions: We believe the preliminary findings are helpful for task requesters in better task planning, and hope to stimulate further discussions and research in strategic crowd coordination.
Early growth of Kohala volcano and formation of long Hawaiian rift zones

Transitional-composition pillow basalts from the toe of the Hilo Ridge, collected from outcrop by submersible, have yielded the oldest ages known from the Island of Hawaii: 1138 ± 34 to 1159 ± 33 ka. Hilo Ridge has long been interpreted as a submarine rift zone of Mauna Kea, but the new ages validate proposals that it is the distal east rift zone of Kohala, the oldest subaerial volcano on the island. These ages constrain the inception of tholeiitic volcanism at Kohala, provide the first measured duration of tholeiitic shield building (≥870 k.y.) for any Hawaiian volcano, and show that this 125-km-long rift zone developed to near-total length during early growth of Kohala. Long eastern-trending rift zones of Hawaiian volcanoes may follow fractures in oceanic crust activated by arching of the Hawaiian Swell in front of the propagating hotspot.
Application of Neutron Damage Models to Semiconductor Device Studies

A hybrid recombination model has been formulated for neutron irradiated silicon which correctly predicts the minority carrier recombination in both the neutral and space charge regions of a device. Exact, one-dimensional, numerical calculations have been performed using this model and compared to reported V-I characteristics of irradiated p+ n diodes. The calculated curves agree with the reported data within 20% over the seven decade span of currents in the investigations, for diode base resistivities from 0.25 ?-cm to 17 ?-cm. At low injection levels the calculated recombination occurs predominantly in the junction space charge region, whereas at high injection both the space charge region and neutral region can be important. Calculations have also been performed for the recombination occurring throughout a typical NPN silicon transistor. The results indicate that space charge region recombination is probably dominant in modern, narrow base transistors even at high injection levels.
Nutrient Distribution and Retention during Winter Storage of Animal Wastes in Two-Stage Simulated Systems as Affected by Aeration and Buffering

Abstract Six two-stage animal waste storage simulators were designed, constructed, and used to measure the distribution and retention of nutrients during winter storage of liquid animal wastes from a dairy herd. Effects of surface aeration and pH buffering plus aeration on nutrient distribution and retention were determined. Nutrients retained during simulated untreated (control) storage were total solids 99%, volatile solids 97%, total nitrogen 89%, and ash 100%. Aeration increased degradation of volatile solids but did not reduce total nitrogen retention appreciably in unbuffered systems. Aeration increased transfer of soluble nutrients to the low-solid stage. Buffering of waste at a pH from 6 to 7 with phosphoric acid effectively retained nitrogen in a system in which mild aeration was applied to the high-solid stage. From 30 to 42% of the total nitrogen was recovered in the second low-solid stages demonstrating the significance of the liquid phase as a valuable fertilizer resource for irrigation. Appreciable synthesis of protein by microflora apparently occurred through utilization of ammonia as a nitrogen source in the nonbuffered system. Odor intensity indexes of liquids in the surface layer were reduced by aeration of that layer. Oxidation-reduction potentials appear to be a reliable indication of degree of malodor production.
Personality factors and symptom reporting at baseline in collegiate athletes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between personality and symptom reporting at baseline in collegiate athletes. Participants were 759 athletes who completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Results showed that neuroticism and agreeableness personality dimensions were predictive of athletes’ symptom reports at baseline.
NUMERICAL-PERTURBATION METHODS IN MECHANICS

Abstract In many nonlinear problems in mechanics, the responses are so complicated (jumps, period-multiplying bifurcations, chaos, saturation) that it is impractical if not impossible to determine their salient features by using a purely numerical technique. For weakly nonlinear systems, perturbation techniques can be used quite effectively. However, purely analytical techniques are limited to systems with simple boundaries and composition. These limitations can be removed by combining analytical and numerical techniques. These points are illustrated by examples drawn from structural vibration, sloshing of liquids in containers, and nonlinear stability of boundary layers. The combination of analytical and numerical techniques also can be very useful for treating linear wave propagation in nonhomogeneous media. The procedure is illustrated by an example: intensification and refraction of acoustic signals in partially choked converging-diverging ducts.
Measurements of the products of atmospheric photochemical reactions in laboratory studies and in ambient air-relationships between ozone and other products

Abstract Many inorganic and organic gaseous and aerosol products including but not limited to aldehydes and ketones, CO, formic acid, peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), nitric acid and other nitrates, sulfates and organic particles are formed in the atmosphere from atmospheric photochemical reactions. The types of products identified, relationships of products to reactants from smog chamber studies, and ambient air concentrations and distributions are considered in this review. Because O3 is a key product which is widely measured, it is of considerable interest to determine whether the atmospheric distribution of the other products are strongly related to that of O3. Most of the same products observed in laboratory studies are present at significant concentrations in the atmosphere. Concentrations of these products usually are at their highest levels in the South Coast Air Basin of California. However, the concentrations of products at other urban locations in the United States do overlap those at locations within the South Coast Air Basin. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has been measured in London and Tokyo at concentrations in the same range as in cities within the United States. At nonurban sites the concentrations of the products measured are significantly lower than in urban locations. In clean maritime air the concentrations of several products have been reported to be between 1 and 10% of the concentrations in urban areas. None of the other products are present individually at concentrations approaching that of O3. In combination, the concentration of other products, even excluding NO2, in some urban locations can approach and sometimes exceed the concentrations of O3, especially on a 24-h average basis. The substantial ambient air concentration levels of combinations of products other than O3 and NO2 are of possible concern from the air quality viewpoint. The ambient air measurements indicate that O3 may serve directionally, but cannot be expected to serve quantitatively as an surrogate for the other products. The laboratory studies relating the yields of O3 and other products to initial hydrocarbon (HC) and NO2 concentration and HC composition indicate that the variations in other products do not closely match those of O3.
Distress, coping, and drug law enforcement in a series of patients using medical cannabis.

Patients using medical cannabis in the United States inhabit a con- flicting medicolegal space. This study presents data from a dispensary-based survey of patients using medical cannabis in the state of Washington regarding cannabis-specific health behaviors, levels of psychological distress, stress regard- ing marijuana criminality, past experiences with drug law enforcement, and coping behaviors. Thirty-seven subjects were enrolled in this study, and all but three completed survey materials. The median index of psychological distress, as measured by the Behavioral Symptom Inventory, was nearly 2.5 times higher than that found in a general population sample but one third less than that found in an outpatient sample. The subjects reported a moderate amount of stress related to the criminality of marijuana, with 76% reporting previous exposure to 119 separate drug law enforcement tactics in total. The subjects reported a wide range of coping methods, and their responses to a modified standardized survey showed the confounding influence of legality in assessing substance- related disorders.
Follicular mantle zone cell subpopulations detected by monoclonal antibody SN3.

A monoclonal antibody, SN3, has been prepared against a cell membrane fraction of the pre-B leukemic cell line NALM-1. By radioimmunoassay, SN3 reacted with four of four non-T/non-B, two of two pre-B and one of three leukemic B cell lines. The reagent was unreactive, however, with established leukemic T and myelomonocytic cell lines or normal B cell lines. On immunohistochemical assays on frozen sections of nine reactive lymph nodes and three spleens, SN3 showed a preferential binding to 50–95 per cent mantle zone (MZ) cells and 5–20 per cent interfollicular or red pulp B-lymphocytes. This was uninhibited by pre-incubation with heterologous anti-HLA-DR or anti-δ reagents. SN3 was unreactive with normal germinal centre (GC), epidermal or Langherhans cells but did react with less than 1 per cent thymic B-lymphocytes. In eight follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas tested SN3 exhibited three patterns of reactivity: (1) peripheral follicular, (2) combined peripheral and central follicular, and (3) combined follicular and interfollicular. Three follicular lymphomas were essentially SN3-. In three diffuse small lymphocytic lymphomas, SN3 showed patchy areas of reactivity unassociated with proliferation centres. In four diffuse B-cell lymphomas (one mixed small and large cell, two large non-cleaved cell, and one small non-cleaved (Burkitt) cell), SN3 reactivity was uniformly distributed in the majority (60–90 per cent) of the cells. SN3 was unreactive with one diffuse B-large cell lymphoma, three nodal T-cell lymphomas and three cases of mycosis fungoides. The findings indicate that (1) SN3 detects an antigen that is present in subpopulations of normal MZ cells, (2) the antigen is also detected in GC cells undergoing lymphomatous transformation but is not readily detected in normal GC cells, and (3) the antigen is also expressed in subpopulations of diffuse B- but not T-cell lymphomas.
PS2-9: The NIH Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory

Background/Aims In September 2012, NIH funded the Health Care Systems (HCS) Research Collaboratory to engage health care systems as research partners in conducting large-scale pragmatic clinical studies. The goals of the HSC Collaboratory are to provide leadership and technical expertise to support innovative pragmatic clinical trials leveraging health information technology, specifically electronic health records (EHRs), in partnership within health care delivery systems.
Astrophysics: Portrait of a dynamic neighbour.

Brown dwarfs are celestial objects that lack the mass to become fully fledged stars. High-resolution maps of one such object add to the evidence that these exotic worlds have highly dynamic weather and climate. See Letter p.654 The recently discovered system known as Luhman 16AB is a binary consisting of two brown dwarfs — objects much bigger than planets but not big enough to become stars — and is a mere six light years from us. Only Alpha Centauri and Barnard's star are closer. Ian Crossfield et al. have now mapped the surface of brown dwarf Luhman 16B in the infrared and find large-scale surface patterns indicative of patchy clouds. Monitoring suggests that the characteristic timescale for the evolution of global weather patterns is about one day. Further observations of the evolution of weather patterns on brown dwarfs could provide a new benchmark for understanding how global circulation conditions affect dusty atmospheres on brown dwarfs and giant extrasolar planets.
Frequency shift in the reflection coefficient from a gas of two-level resonant atoms

Abstract We propose that selective reflectivity at a glass-gas interface be used to measure the elusive frequency shift associated with the self-broadening of a gas of two-level atoms. We find that the imaginary part of the reflection coefficient exhibits the shift most cleanly. We also find that the reflectivity is shifted from the dialectric cosntant by an amount of the same order but opposite sign as the shift between the dielectric constant and the bare atom resonance.
Charge Transfer in the Mechanism of Drug Action Involving Quinoxaline Di-N-oxides

Cyclic voltammetry data were obtained for various 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline di-N-oxides: dimethyl, bishydroxymethyl, bisacetoxymethyl, bis-N-anilinomethyl, and dicarboxaldehyde hydrate. The dimethyl derivative exhibited the most negative E1/2 value, and along with the diol, showed reversible reduction for the first wave. Rationalizations of the E1/2 values are provided. Reasonable correlations exist for the electrochemical data and drug activity. The results support the diiminium theory of drug action.
Genome scale cytometry: High content analysis for high throughput RNAi phenotype profiling.

The combination of RNAi-mediated knockdown of gene expression and high content screening (HCS) allows the determination of the contribution of single genes to a variety of cellular effects varying between growth and survival to subtle alterations in cellular morphology and phenotype. This review examines the current status of research in combining these tools.
Effect of nitrophenols and nitrobenzoic acids on amylase synthesis and transport in the perfused rat liver.

Abstract It has previously been demonstrated that the isolated, perfused rat liver will synthesize amylase and release it into the perfusing medium. Of ten different nitrophenols and nitrobenzpic acids tested, only 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) effectively inhibited amylase synthesis in the perfusion system. At certain intermediate concentrations of DNP (3–5 × 10 −5 M ), where amylase synthesis was only partially inhibited, there were no increases in plasma amylase, but there were appreciable increases in liver amylase even though net amylase gains were less than under normal conditions. At higher DNP concentrations (10 −4 M ) net amylase synthesis was completely abolished although it did appear that DNP may reduce the rate of catabolism of liver amylase. The accumulation of amylase in the liver when DNP is present may be an indication that the normal transfer of amylase from liver to plasma is a process dependent on the formation of ATP.
Analytical Equilibrium Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation of Human Plasma Lipoproteins

Meselson, Stahl and Vinograd1 first described the equilibrium density gradient technique for the examination of DNA in the analytical ultracentrifuge, and the technique has since been used to investigate a number of macromolecules2. In the past, density gradient investigations of lipoproteins have been limited to the preparative ultracentrifuge. This communication reports the banding of human plasma lipoproteins in sucrose–sodium bromide density gradients at equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge.
A User Study Trends in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Research: A Qualitative Study with the Past Three Years of the ISMAR and IEEE VR Conference Papers

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are becoming a part of everyday life with the advance of other technologies such as computer vision systems, sensing technologies, graphics, mobile computing, etc. Their primary goal is to help users achieve their goals effectively and efficiently with satisfaction. This paper describes the trends of how user studies have been incorporated into AR and VR papers published in two major conferences over the past three years. In addition, this paper presents implications on what needs to be taken into account when planning a user study in the field of AR and VR research.
DISTRIBUTION AND HEAT INACTIVATION OF PEROXIDASE ISOENZYMES IN SWEET CORN

The distribution and heat inactivation of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) isoenzymes in the pericarp, germ and endosperm of three sweet-corn (Zea mays) hybrids (Hawaiian hybrid H68, high-lysine hybrid o2su COMP 1c, and a high-sucrose hybrid sh2 SYN 2e) were investigated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the isoenzyme content of all three tissue fractions were complex with the pericarp having the largest number of isoenzymes. Isoenzyme distributions in the three varieties were similar but with exceptions, the most notable being the relatively simple distribution in the endosperm of H68. Studies on relative heat stabilities of the peroxidase isoenzymes at 71°C showed that no fraction was completely heat resistant although most bands did contain some heat resistant forms. Only one isoenzyme fraction, which was present in all three varieties, was completely heat labile. In contrast, some isoenzyme bands in the germ and endosperm were completely heat labile in some varieties but not in others. These results suggest that heat inactivation and consequently, residual peroxidatic activity found in processed corn is determined not only by isoenzyme content but also by the variable heat resistance of some isoenzyme fractions.
Asthma Symptoms and Bronchial Reactivity in School Children Sensitized to Food Allergens in Infancy

Food allergy in infancy usually disappears but is followed primarily by respiratory allergy. We hypothesized that children allergic to common food allergens in infancy are at increased risk of wheezing illness and bronchial hyperresponsiveness during school age. In a case-control study 69 children 7.2 to 13.3 years of age allergic to egg (N = 60) and/or fish (N = 29) in early life (first 3 years) who attended our allergy outpatient clinic were recruited. They received follow-up for 1 year and were evaluated by parental questionnaire, skin prick testing, spirometry, and metacholine bronchial challenge. Another 154 children (70 sensitized to inhaled allergens) recruited selectively from a general population sample with no history of food allergy during their first 3 years served as control subjects. Twenty-three children (38.3%) maintained their sensitization to egg and 19 (65.5%) to fish; the prevalence of sensitization to > or = 1 inhaled allergen(s) increased from 59.4% to 71% during childhood. Current asthma symptoms were reported more frequently in the study group than in either control groups, sensitized to inhaled allergens and non-sensitized. Children of the study group showed a significantly increased frequency of positive response to metacholine bronchial challenge compared to the control group as a whole; the difference was statistically indicative when study groups separately were compared to the sensitized control subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as well as reported current asthma symptoms were associated with early wheezing and early sensitization to inhaled allergens but not with atopic dermatitis in infancy or persistence of egg or fish allergy. Children allergic to egg or fish in infancy are at increased risk for wheezing illness and hyperactive airways in school age; asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness development is mostly determined by wheezing and senzitization to inhaled allergens in early life regardless of atopic dermatitis in infancy or retention of food allergy.
The effects of growth rate on leg morphology and tibia breaking strength, mineral density, mineral content, and bone ash in broilers

Fast-growing broilers are especially susceptible to bone abnormalities, causing major problems for broiler producers. The cortical bones of fast-growing broilers are highly porous, which may lead to leg deformities. Leg problems were investigated in 6-wk-old Arkansas randombred broilers. Body weight was measured at hatch and at 6 wk. There were 8 different settings of approximately 450 eggs each. Two subpopulations, slow-growing (SG; bottom quarter, n=511) and fast-growing (FG; top quarter, n=545), were created from a randombred population based on their growth rate from hatch until 6 wk of age. At 6 wk of age, the broilers were processed and chilled at 4°C overnight before deboning. Shank (78.27±8.06 g), drum stick (190.92±16.91 g), and thigh weights (233.88±22.66 g) of FG broilers were higher than those of SG broilers (54.39±6.86, 135.39±15.45, and 168.50±21.13 g, respectivly; P<0.001). Tibia weights (15.36±2.28 g) of FG broilers were also greater than those of SG broilers (11.23±1.81 g; P<0.001). Shank length (81.50±4.71 g) and tibia length (104.34±4.45 mm) of FG broilers were longer than those of SG broilers (71.88±4.66 and 95.98±4.85 mm, respectively; P<0.001). Shank diameter (11.59±1.60 mm) and tibia diameter (8.20±0.62 mm) of FG broilers were wider than those of SG broilers (9.45±1.74, 6.82±0.58 mm, respectively; P<0.001). Tibia breaking strength (28.42±6.37 kg) of FG broilers was higher than those of SG broiler tibia (21.81±5.89 kg; P<0.001). Tibia density and bone mineral content (0.13±0.01 g/cm2 and 1.29±0.23 g, respectively) of FG broilers were higher than those of SG broiler tibia (0.11±0.01 g/cm2 and 0.79±0.1 g; P<0.001). Tibia percentage of ash content (39.76±2.81) of FG broilers was lower than that of SG broilers (39.99±2.67; P=0.173). Fast-growing broiler bones were longer, wider, heavier, stronger, more dense, and contained more ash than SG ones. After all parameters were calculated per unit of final BW at 6 wk, tibia density and bone ash percentage of FG broilers were lower than those of SG broilers.
The polymerization of phenylacetylene in carbon tetrachloride in the presence of light-activated W(CO)6

A study of the apparent reaction rate constants of phenylacetylene polymerized in CCl4 in the presence of light-activated W(CO)6 and of the molecular weight of the resulting polymer indicates that the propagating centers are conserved to high monomer conversions, though some chain transfer to monomer occurs, limiting molecular weights to about 100,000. Although solutions of the polymer are deep red in color, the molecular conformation is more coil-like than rod-like. The NMR spectra suggest that the steric purity of the polymer is limited, so that it can only be referred to as trans-rich polyphenylacetylene, confirming other results on tungsten-catalyzed polyphenylacetylene.