cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiology in Perspective: The Wisdom of the Body. Neural Control of the Kidney

Cannon equated the fluid matrix of the body with Bernard’s concept of the internal environment and emphasized the importance of “the safe-guarding of an effective fluid matrix.” He further emphasized the important role of the autonomic nervous system in the establishment and maintenance of homeostasis in the internal environment. This year’s Cannon Lecture discusses the important role of the renal sympathetic nerves to regulate various aspects of overall renal function and to serve as one of the major “self-regulatory agencies which operate to preserve the constancy of the fluid matrix.”
Racialized Tokens: Latina Teachers Negotiating, Surviving and Thriving in a White Woman’s Profession

Previous scholarship on tokenism in professional occupations analyzes the ways white men exclude white women in male-dominated jobs. This study provides a glimpse of one organization, elementary schools, where white women exclude Latina women in a feminized occupation. Drawing on multiple methodologies, this paper analyzes Latina teachers’ workplace experiences in Santa Ana, a Southern California Mexican immigrant city. The article compares the experiences of Latina teachers working at one school where over 70% of teachers are of Latina origin and three schools where 20% of teachers are Latinas. The author coins the term ‘racialized tokens’ to illustrate how the inextricable link of race, gender and class combine to shape the workplace experiences of Latina teachers who work as numerical minorities among a majority of white colleagues. Since Latina teachers are ‘racialized tokens’ in these spaces, the author argues that in the presumably post-racial era of diversity and multiculturalism in the U.S., Latina teachers do not long for racial integration with white women in their workplaces, rather, they choose to self-segregate because of the comfort and safety self-segregation provides.
Relative susceptibility to predation of two species of caterpillar on plantain

The relative susceptibility to predators of a cryptic generalist caterpillar (Spilosoma congrua: Arctiidae) and a non-cryptic specialist (Junonia coenia: Nymphalidae) using the same hostplant species (Plantago lanceolata) was examined. In a laboratory experiment using predatory stinkbugs (Podisus maculiventris), more Junonia caterpillars than Spilosoma caterpillars were killed (70% vs. 16%). This result was a consequence of the Spilosoma spending some time under cover, moving frequently, feeding on leaves while under or adjacent to them, and spending little time on the leaves. In a field experiment using predatory wasps (Polistes fuscatus), the wasps found 7 times as many of the Junonia as the Spilosoma, and overall 6 times as many Junonia were killed as Spilosoma. Initially, 71% of the Junonia caterpillars encountered by wasps were killed, but by the fourth day of the test, only 22% of the Junonia encountered by wasps were killed. Over three full days of observations, a constant 50% of the Spilosoma caterpillars encountered by the wasps per day were killed. For the Junonia, evasion of predators rested on passive chemical defense. For the Spilosoma, evasion depended on being unapparent, speedy movement between feeding and resting sites and, if found, on fleeing immediately and quickly. These results indicate that Spilosoma caterpillars, by way of cryptic and escape behaviors, can be less susceptible to insect predators than Junonia caterpillars.
Hypnosis, false memory and multiple personality: a trinity of affinity.

This paper presents a discussion of the relationship between hypnosis, false memory, and multiple personality. Since Morton Prince's classic case of multiple personality (Prince 1906), only two other cases rival Prince's original work (Thigpen and Cleckley 1957, Schreiber 1973) in popularity.This paper illustrates startling new material regarding the third most famous of multiple personality cases, that of Sybil. Tape recordings recently discovered document the fraudulent construction of multiple personality. The importance of the role of hypnosis is discussed in this presentation. The author of this paper knew the author of Sybil, Flora Schreiber, through many years before her death, and therefore is able to present first-hand information about the author and her work.'... to suggest during a trance the appearance of a secondary personage with a certain temperament and that secondary personage will usually give itself a name. One has therefore to be on one's guard in this matter against confounding natur...
BH3-only protein BIK induces caspase-independent cell death with autophagic features in Bcl-2 null cells.

The BH3-only protein BIK normally induces apoptotic cell death. Here, we have investigated the role of BCL-2 in BIK-induced cell death using Bcl-2+/+ and Bcl-2−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts. Ectopic expression of BIK in Bcl-2−/− cells resulted in enhanced cell death compared to Bcl-2+/+ cells. In these cells, while caspase-8 was activated, there was no significant activation of caspase-9 and 3. There was no detectable mitochondrial to cytosolic release of cytochrome-c. However, there was significant redistribution of AIF from mitochondria to the nucleus. The extent of BIK-induced cell death was augmented by treatment with the pancaspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk. The Bcl-2 null cells expressing BIK exhibited autophagic features such as cytosolic vacuoles, punctate distribution of LC3 and enhanced expression of Beclin-1. The survival of BIK-expressing Bcl-2−/− cells was enhanced in the presence of PI3 kinase inhibitors 3-methyladenine and Wortmannin and also by depletion of Atg5 and Beclin-1. Death of BIK-expressing Bcl-2−/− cells treated with zVAD-fmk was increased under caspase-8 depletion. Our results suggest enhanced expression of BIK in the Bcl-2 deficient cells leads to cell death with autophagic features and the extent of such cell death could be increased by inhibition of caspases.
Picosecond time-resolved Raman system for studying photochemical reaction dynamics: application to the primary events in vision

A time-resolved Raman system was developed to study the picosecond reaction dynamics of energy and information transducing proteins. This system is based on a 1 kHz Nd : YLF-pumped Ti-sapphire regenerative amplifier that delivers picosecond pump and probe pulses with high temporal and spectral resolution. Using second-harmonic generation and Raman shifting, near transform-limited picosecond pulses are generated at wavelengths ranging from the UV to the near-infrared (190–850 nm) with ∼2 ps temporal width. This laser system, together with a CCD-detected spectrograph, facilitates the performance of picosecond Raman experiments over a much wider range of pump and probe wavelengths than previously possible with low repetition rate amplified dye laser systems. The construction and performance of the laser system is presented first, then single-pulse and two-color, pump–probe experiments examining the primary reaction dynamics of the visual protein rhodopsin are presented to illustrate the system performance. The strong characteristic hydrogen out-of-plane modes of the bathorhodopsin photoproduct are observed at 850, 873 and 920 cm−1 in the shortest time resolution data. This demonstrates that the trans-bathorhodopsin retinal chromophore structure is completely formed in <2 ps after photoexcitation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instructor Socio-Communicative Style, Argumentativeness, and Verbal Aggressiveness in the College Classroom.

This study explored the relationship among instructor socio‐communicative style, argumentativeness, and verbal aggressiveness in the college classroom. Participants were 139 undergraduate students enrolled at a small southern university who completed the Assertiveness‐Responsiveness Measure (Richmond & McCroskey, 1990) as well as modified versions of the Argumentativeness Scale (Infante & Rancer, 1982) and the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (Infante & Wigley, 1986). Results indicated that (a) competent and aggressive instructors are rated significantly higher in argumentativeness than submissive instructors and (b) noncompetent and aggressive instructors are rated significantly higher in verbal aggressiveness than either competent or submissive instructors.
Avian Inflammatory Response: Mediation by Macrophages

The inflammatory response is one of the best defined components of nonspecific immunity in birds. Introduction of an immunogen into the skin or peritoneal cavity results in a characteristic series of local and systemic responses. Initially, locally produced chemotactic substances cause heterophils and monocytes to emigrate from the blood through postcapillary venules to the site of immunogen. Monocytes and heterophils phagocytize the immunogen and monocytes can initiate specific immunity mediated by lymphocytes. Monocytes release a variety of hormone-like substances (monokines) that act locally to coordinate the localized inflammatory response and facilitate lymphocyte responses. These same monokines can gain entrance into the circulation and act systemically to orchestrate the acute phase response. Monokine activities characterized to date are similar to mammalian interleukin-1, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte-stimulating factor. The inflammatory response is active in the embryo midway through incubation and is probably instrumental in protection of the embryo. Inappropriate or overexuberant inflammatory responses can lead to a variety of pathologies in the chicken, demonstrating the importance of precise regulation of the inflammatory response.
Microbial community distribution in sediments from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope

We studied the microbial communities collected from hydrate-bearing sediments on the North Slope of Alaska to determine how abiotic variables (e.g., grain size, hydrate presence, formation fluid gases) may correspond to the type and distribution of microbes in the sediments. The cores were acquired from sub-permafrost, Eocene (46–55 million year old) sediments in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well within which hydrates are believed to have formed 1.5 mya. Forty samples, eight of which originally contained hydrates, were acquired from depths of ca. 606–666 m below land surface. Five drilling fluid samples acquired from the same depth range were included in the analysis as a control for possible contamination by drilling fluid microbes during the drilling and handling of cores. DNA was extracted from 15 samples (typically <1 ng DNA/g sediment was recovered) and then amplified using polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA genes, which indicates the likelihood that microbes were present in all analyzed samples. Only bacterial DNA amplicons were detected. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to measure bacterial diversity in the respective samples. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was used to determine the abiotic variables that may have influenced bacterial diversity. NMS analysis revealed that the microbial taxa present in the sediment were distinct from the taxa present in the drilling fluids suggesting that the sediments were not contaminated by the drilling fluids. Multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) found no significant difference between three sample groups identified a priori as being from within a hydrate zone, outside of hydrate zone, or on the edge of a hydrate/non-hydrate zone according to downhole nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy logs. However, among the several other abiotic parameters that were evaluated mud gas methane concentration and variables related to hydrate presence (e.g., chloride concentration, salinity, and resistivity) appeared to define the arrangement of microbial community signatures in plots resulting from NMS analysis. Communities from hydrate and non-hydrate layers each contained unique taxa as determined by the T-RFLP assay.
Skin‐To‐Skin: Nurse Buy‐In and Results on Exclusive Breastfeeding

Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program To discuss strategies used by a large urban teaching institution to initiate and optimize the practice of skin‐to‐skin contact by the interdisciplinary care team. Proposed Change To implement a practice change that would increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate and overall breastfeeding rate during the inpatient stay. While staff were cognizant of the importance of skin‐to‐skin contact and the health benefits from exclusive breastfeeding, they still believed there would be issues with thermoregulation and glycemic control, even though this is not supported in the literature. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Through implementation of an extensive educational program for the staff, competency validation, and monitoring neonatal temperatures and glucose values, data demonstrated no issues of thermoregulation or glycemic control. In addition, the practice of skin‐to skin contact as a standard of care for all stable, healthy newborns increased the exclusive breastfeeding rate approximately 16%. Implications for Nursing Practice This positive effect on breastfeeding has created a positive impetus to move forward with the application to become a Baby Friendly hospital.
Estimating kurtosis and confidence intervals for the variance under nonnormality

Exact confidence intervals for variances rely on normal distribution assumptions. Alternatively, large-sample confidence intervals for the variance can be attained if one estimates the kurtosis of the underlying distribution. The method used to estimate the kurtosis has a direct impact on the performance of the interval and thus the quality of statistical inferences. In this paper the author considers a number of kurtosis estimators combined with large-sample theory to construct approximate confidence intervals for the variance. In addition, a nonparametric bootstrap resampling procedure is used to build bootstrap confidence intervals for the variance. Simulated coverage probabilities using different confidence interval methods are computed for a variety of sample sizes and distributions. A modification to a conventional estimator of the kurtosis, in conjunction with adjustments to the mean and variance of the asymptotic distribution of a function of the sample variance, improves the resulting coverage va...
Verification of FEM analysis of load-deflection methods for measuring mechanical properties of thin films

It is shown that in contrast to the analytical models, which have to assume a shape function, the finite-element method (FEM) model yields the shape function, and this shape function is in good agreement with experiment. Through an extensive FEM analysis of load-deflection methods, it is confirmed that while the functional form of the analytical result is correct, three constants in the model must be corrected by as much as 30%. Experimental measurements of the deformed membrane shape have been made, and they match the FEM results, verifying the accuracy of the FEM models. Experimental values extracted from load-deflection analysis for the biaxial modulus and the residual stress of thin films of Dupont PI2525 and Hitachi PIQ13 are presented. >
STUDIES ON NON-PRECIPITATING ANTIBODY : II. CIRCULATING ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEX FOLLOWING REPEAT INJECTIONS OF ANTIGEN

Reinjection of antigen into immunized rabbits usually results in an immediate increase of circulating antibody-antigen complex. This immediate formation of complex seems to depend upon the presence of non-precipitating antibody before reinjection. The complex disappears by the 2nd day after reinjection and reappears between the 4th to 7th day. This is earlier than its first appearance after a primary injection and may indicate an anamnestic response of the non-precipitating antibody responsible for the formation of circulating antibody-antigen complex.
EDTA chelation therapy meets evidence-based medicine.

According to World Health Organization estimates, 16.7 million people die of cardiovascular diseases each year. By the year 2010, it is estimated that cardiovascular disease will become the leading cause of death in developing countries and by 2020 it will contribute to nearly 25 million deaths worldwide. Although therapies including drugs, lifestyle modification and revascularisation procedures have been demonstrated in clinical trials to be beneficial, they are under-utilised. Paradoxically, in spite of the under-use of evidence-based therapies, patients actively seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. While many alternative therapies involve oral vitamin and mineral supplements that are unlikely to cause harm, chelation therapy is one of the most aggressive and intensive CAM modalities.
Participatory Scaling Through Augmented Reality Learning Through Local Games

The proliferation of broadband mobile devices, which many students bring to school with them as mobile phones, makes the widespread adoption of AR pedagogies a possibility, but pedagogical, distribution, and training models are needed to make this innovation an integrated part of education, This paper employs Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) to argue for a participatory model of scaling by key stakeholders groups (students, teachers, researchers, administrators), and demonstrates through various cases how ARIS (arisgames.org) — a free, open-source tool for educators to create and disseminate mobile AR learning experiences — may be such a model.
Reconstruction of large rotator cuff tendon defects with porcine small intestinal submucosa in an animal model

Large rotator cuff tears represent a challenging problem. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) extracellular matrix in reconstruction of such defects in an animal model. Forty rats were equally divided into an SIS group (reconstruction of a large supraspinatus tendon defect by use of the SIS) and a defect group (no repair). The operative and contralateral normal shoulders underwent histologic evaluation and biomechanical testing at 6 and 16 weeks. Neovascularization and fibroblastic ingrowth were present in SIS-regenerated tendons, which had an ultimate force to failure that was 78% of normal at 16 weeks. This was higher than in the defect group, which demonstrated an ultimate force to failure that was 34% of normal (P = .008). The ultimate force to failure of the SIS-regenerated tendons approached that of the normal tendon at 16 weeks. The SIS extracellular matrix served as a scaffold promoting host tissue ingrowth and appears promising in the management of large rotator cuff defects in a rat model. However, human beings sustain tears at the bone-tendon interface and demonstrate decreased healing potential relative to rats. Therefore, the findings of this preliminary study should not be extrapolated to human beings without further investigation.
Biogenic meromixis and stability in a soft‐water lake1

Hall Lake, Washington, was studied during a period of meromixis (1950--1953) and during a period of holomixis (1968--1972). Comparisons of thermal cycles, light penetration, chemical distribution, and productivity indicate that the lake had a greater productivity while meromictic, even though the seasonal accumulation of dissolved materials in the deep waters was greater during the holomictic period. Calculations showed that the stability due to chemical stratification was actually greater during the holomictic period, supporting the idea that in biogenic meromictic lakes circulation may be controlled more by thermal phenomena than by chemical stratification. Turbid inflows during winter tended to destroy meromixis, but low transparencies due to algal blooms in summer tended to encourage it and may be the primary way by which biogenic meromictic lakes become permanently stratified.
Fluorescent tissue imaging with a multiplexed holographic spectral-spatial system

A 3-D imaging method with the use of multiplexed holographic gratings to visualize biological structures is presented. We demonstrate the imaging modality to obtain illuminated biological samples with a LED and laser-induced fluorescent tissue structures.
Receptor feasts on sugar and cholesterol.

The nuclear hormone receptor LXR—best known for sensing cholesterol metabolites—also responds to glucose. The findings give LXR a central role in modulating the body's response to metabolic inputs.
We Will Be Assimilated: Five Experiences in Embedded Librarianship

Embedded librarians are attempting assimilation into a new pedagogical collective outside the library, often with a mission to improve the quality of service to that collective. But like the Borg, embedded librarians may not be achieving the results they envision. This article documents the varied experiences of five reference librarians at Murray State University and the challenges faced in incorporating themselves within the fabric of their college. The examinations by each individual will include a brief history of their liaison position, challenges and obstacles encountered, and embedding methods utilized in an attempt to achieve successful assimilation.
Digital In-Line Holography (DIH) for 3D Imaging of Aluminum Drop Combustion in Propellant Plumes

Digital in-line holography (DIH) is an optical technique which allows for numerical refocusing after an experiment. Here we discuss application of DIH for high-fidelity visualization and quantification of aluminum drop combustion in propellant plumes.
On surviving dual-link failures in path protected optical WDM mesh networks

In this paper, we investigate the problem of enhancing dual-failure restorability in path protected mesh-restorable optical Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks. Recent studies have demonstrated the need to survive simultaneous dual-link failures and have also provided solutions for handling such failures. A key finding of these early efforts is that designs providing complete (i.e. 100%) protection from all dual-failures need almost triple the spare capacity compared to a system that protects against all single-link failures. However, it has also been shown that systems designed for 100% single-link failure protection can provide reasonable protection from dual-link failures [M. Clouqueur, W. Grover, Mesh-restorable networks with 74 enhanced dual-failure restorability properties, in: Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, Boston, MA, 2002, pp. 1-12]. Thus, the motivation for this work is to develop a hybrid mechanism that provides maximum (close to 100%) dual-failure restorability with minimum additional spare capacity. The system architecture considered is circuit-switched with dynamic arrival of sessions requests. We propose an adaptive mechanism, which we term active protection, that builds upon a proactive path protection model (that provides complete single-failure restorability), and adds dynamic segment-based restoration to combat dual-link failures. The objective is to optimize network survivability to dual-link failures while minimizing additional spare capacity needs. We also propose a heuristic constraint-based routing algorithm, which we term best-fit, that aids backup multiplexing among additional spare paths towards this goal. Our findings indicate that the proposed active protection scheme achieves close to complete (100%) dual-failure restorability with only a maximum of 3% wavelength-links needing two backups, even at high loads. Moreover, at moderate to high loads, our scheme attains close to 16% improvement over the base model that provides complete single-failure restorability. Also, the best-fit routing algorithm is found to significantly assist backup multiplexing, with around 15%-20% improvement over first-fit at all loads. The segment-based restoration algorithm reiterates the importance of utilizing wavelength converters in protection and is seen to provide around 15%-20% improvement over link restoration especially at moderate to high loads.
Comparison of the LISS and a retrograde-inserted supracondylar intramedullary nail for fixation of a periprosthetic distal femur fracture proximal to a total knee arthroplasty.

Simulated supracondylar fractures were created proximal to posterior cruciate ligament-retaining total knee arthroplasty components in paired human cadaver femora and stabilized with either a retrograde-inserted locked supracondylar nail or the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS; Synthes USA, Paoli, PA). Loads were applied to create bending and torsional moments on the simulated fracture stabilized with either no gap or a 10-mm gap. The LISS exhibited less torsional stability with anterior (P<.001) and posterior loads (P<.01). When varus loads were applied to 10-mm-gap specimens, the specimens stabilized with a retrograde nail had an 83% reduction in fracture displacement (P<.001) and 80% less medial translation of the distal fragment (P<.001). The samples stabilized with the LISS had a 93% reduction in fracture gap displacement when a valgus load was applied with a 10-mm gap (P<.001). Overall, these results suggest that the retrograde-inserted nail may provide greater stability for the management of periprosthetic supracondylar femur fractures in patients with a posterior cruciate ligament-retaining femoral total knee arthroplasty component.
Optical grooming in OFDM-based elastic optical networks

We propose a novel optical grooming approach to aggregate and distribute traffic directly at the optical level in OFDM-based elastic optical networks. Significant transmitter and spectrum saving is achieved compared to non-grooming scenario.
Intravascular Imaging With Ultrasound

One of the major unresolved problems in the development of laser angioplasty is in monitoring the process of plaque ablation in real-time to provide the necessary operator feedback. As part of a project to test the feasibility of intravascular imaging with ultrasound we have developed, constructed, and tested a 20 MHz transmitter/receiver which can detect echoes from transducers small enough to fit on a 3-F (1 mm diameter) catheter. Resolution with a small aperture (0.5 x 1.0 mm) focused transducer is about 0.25 mm in both axial and longitudinal directions at 1.5 to 6.0 mm from the transducer face. Images of arteries made in the laboratory with a simple rotational scanner have sufficient resolution to show lumen size and geometry, wall thickness, branches, and craters caused by laser ablation. From these initial studies intravascular ultrasonic imaging appears feasible.
Changes in early and late effects with dose-per-fraction: alpha, beta, redistribution and repair

Both tumor response and the manifestation of "early" and "late" effects in normal tissues as a function of overall treatment time and dose per fraction are thought to reflect an interplay between the inherent sensitivity of the target cells at risk, and their proliferation kinetics. In light of clinical and experimental studies which indicate that differences exist between early and late radiation responses in normal tissues after changes in fractionation pattern, several investigators have postulated that the intrinsic sensitivities of the respective target cells, in particular the alpha/beta ratios, are different. We suggest that the clinical and experimental findings may be explained, at least partly, in terms of cell cycle redistribution, and may also involve changes in the ability of early effects target cells to repair potentially lethal damage.
Effect of CYP3A5 Expression on Vincristine Metabolism with Human Liver Microsomes

Vincristine is preferentially metabolized to a secondary amine, M1, by CYP3A5 with a 9- to 14-fold higher intrinsic clearance than CYP3A4 using cDNA-expressed enzymes. The genetically polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 may contribute to interindividual variability in vincristine efficacy and toxicity. The current study quantifies the contribution of cytochromes P450 (P450s), including CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, to vincristine metabolism with a bank of human liver microsomes (HLMs). M1 was the major metabolite formed with HLMs, and selective chemical inhibition of P450s confirmed that CYP3A was the major metabolizing subfamily. The liver tissues were genotyped for low expression alleles, CYP3A5*3,*6, and *7, and the HLMs were phenotyped for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression by Western blot. Testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation and itraconazole hydroxylation were used to quantify CYP3A4 activity in the HLMs. For each CYP3A5 high expresser (n=10), the rate of M1 formation from vincristine due to CYP3A5 was quantified by subtracting the CYP3A4 contribution as determined by linear regression with CYP3A5*3/*3 samples. For CYP3A5 high expressers, the contribution of CYP3A5 to the metabolism of vincristine was 54 to 95% of the total activity, and the rate of M1 formation mediated by CYP3A5 correlated with CYP3A5 protein content (r2=0.95). Selective inhibition of CYP3A4 demonstrated that the M1 formation rate with CYP3A5 high expressers was differentially inhibited based on CYP3A4 activity. Using median values, the estimated hepatic clearances were 5-fold higher for CYP3A5 high expressers than low expressers. We conclude that polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 may be a major determinant in the P450-mediated clearance of vincristine.
Learning to fail: experiencing public failure online through crowdfunding

Online crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter are gaining attention among novice creatives as an effective platform for funding their ventures and engaging in creative work with others. However, a focus on financial success of crowdfunding has obscured the fact that over 58% of crowdfunding projects fail to achieve their funding goals. This population of failed creatives however, gives us an audience to study public creative failure in an online environment. We draw inspiration from work in organizational behavior on failure, and work in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) on online behavior, to study online public failure. Using a mixed-methods approach with data scraped from Kickstarter and interview data with failed crowdfunding project creators, we answer the following question: What do project creators on crowdfunding platforms learn and change through the process of failing? We find that creators who relaunch their projects succeed 43% of the time, and that most individuals find failure to be a positive experience. We conclude the paper with a series of design implications for future creative platforms where public failure is part of the creative process.
Constituency Preference and Potential Economic Gain Cues for Senate Voting on the Family Assistance Plan

This article evaluates two aspects of constituency interest on legislative voting, the expressed preferences of a constituency on a policy, and the economic costs and benefits constituents would derive from a policy, using data from U.S. Senate voting on the 1972 Family Assistance Plan (FAP). When considered simultaneously, neither constituency opinion nor FAP's projected economic impact reveals a significant effect. The modest importance of constituency opinion in voting on this issue contrasts with earlier research findings. The most important factors in senators' voting on FAP were their ideological orientation and party affiliation. These results are consistent with case studies of the FAP policy process and with expectations regarding the decision process in redistributive policy areas.
Kinetics of internal-loop formation in polypeptide chains: a simulation study.

The speed of simple diffusional motions, such as the formation of loops in the polypeptide chain, places one physical limit on the speed of protein folding. Many experimental studies have explored the kinetics of formation of end-to-end loops in polypeptide chains; however, protein folding more often requires the formation of contacts between interior points on the chain. One expects that, for loops of fixed contour length, interior loops will form more slowly than end-to-end loops, owing to the additional excluded volume associated with the “tails”. We estimate the magnitude of this effect by generating ensembles of randomly coiled, freely jointed chains, and then using the theory of Szabo, Schulten, and Schulten to calculate the corresponding contact formation rates for these ensembles. Adding just a few residues, to convert an end-to-end loop to an internal loop, sharply decreases the contact rate. Surprisingly, the relative change in rate increases for a longer loop; sufficiently long tails, however, actually reverse the effect and accelerate loop formation slightly. Our results show that excluded volume effects in real, full-length polypeptides may cause the rates of loop formation during folding to depart significantly from the values derived from recent loop-formation experiments on short peptides.
Wound Healing: a Role for HDACs in Inhibition of Fibroblast Proliferation Through Repression of PDGF Receptor-α. Focus on “Repression Of PDGF-R-α After Cellular Injury Involves TNF-α, Formation of a c-Fos-YY1 Complex, and Negative Regulation by HDAC”

the role of fibroblasts in wound healing has been studied for many years. These cells play a critical role in the regenerative process, and efforts to target processes that regulate fibroblast function and phenotype provide attractive therapeutic possibilities. However, fibroblasts can play a
Slurry phase synthesis of methanol with a potassium methoxide/copper chromite catalytic system

Abstract The use of methanol as a fuel additive and in methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) production has renewed interest in the search for improved methanol processes. A slurry phase concurrent synthesis of methanol using a potassium methoxide/copper chromite mixed catalyst which operates under relatively mild conditions (100–180°C, 30–65 atm) is described. The reaction pathway likely involves a homogeneous carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate followed by the heterogeneous hydrogenolysis of methyl formate to two molecules of methanol - the net result being the reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide to give methanol via methyl formate. The copper chromite also catalyzes the regeneration of the potassium methoxide catalyst in solution from potassium formate and potassium methyl carbonate resulting in tolerance to small amounts of water and carbon dioxide. A synergistic effect between the potassium methoxide and copper chromite results in high rates of methanol formation in the concurrent synthesis.
Queueing network simulation analysis: queueing-network stability: simulation-based checking

Queueing networks are either stable or unstable, with stable networks having finite performance measures and unstable networks having asymptotically many customers as time goes to infinity. Stochastic simulation methods for estimating steady-state performance measures often assume that the network is stable. Here, we discuss the problem of checking whether a given network is stable when the stability-checking algorithm is allowed only to view arrivals and departures from the network.
Abduction–induction (generalization) processes of elementary majors on figural patterns in algebra

Abstract The article deals with issues concerning the abductive–inductive reasoning of 42 preservice elementary majors on patterns that consist of figural and numerical cues. We discuss: ways in which the participants develop generalizations about classes of abstract objects; abductive processes they exhibit which support their induction leading to a generalization; ways they justify their generalizations in the abductive stage, and; the effects of figural and numerical cues in the manner they construct a plausible abductive generalization. Two types of abductions are explored, model-based and manipulative. A proposed abductive–inductive reasoning process for pattern sequences is presented and discussed in the concluding section.
Rapamycin inhibits the production of myofibroblasts and reduces corneal scarring after photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose Corneal stromal scarring partly involves the production of corneal myofibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rapamycin (an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] pathway) on myofibroblast formation in vitro and in-vivo. Methods Human corneal fibroblasts were grown in culture and transformed into myofibroblasts using TGF-β (2 ng/mL). The phosphorylation (activation) of the mTOR pathway was examined by immunoblotting. Cell proliferation with and without rapamycin was examined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Ki67 staining. The expression of the myofibroblast differentiation marker smooth muscle actin (SMA) was examined by immunostaining and immunoblotting. The functional effects of rapamycin were measured using a gel contraction assay. For in vivo studies, 140 μm laser ablation was performed on rabbit corneas followed by subconjunctival rapamycin or vehicle. Corneal haze development was graded at 4 weeks, while the expression of myofibroblast markers was examined by immunostaining and immunoblotting. Results The TGF-β activated the mTOR pathway with peak phosphorylation at 2 to 4 hours. Treatment of corneal fibroblasts with rapamycin reduced their proliferation by 46% compared to control. Rapamycin significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of myofibroblast markers (17.2% SMA positive cells with rapamycin compared to 69.0% in control). Rapamycin also significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced collagen gel contraction. In the rabbit eyes treated with rapamycin, corneal haze development was significantly less compared to controls (0.75 ± 0.4 vs. 2.17 ± 0.7). Conclusions Rapamycin appears to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of corneal myofibroblasts and, thus, may provide an effective therapeutic measure for preventing corneal scarring.
Solar energy storage, production of hydrogen by 546-nm irradiation of a dinuclear rhodium(I) complex in acidic aqueous solution

A logical avenue for exploratory research on (Rh/sub 2/(bridge)/sub 4/)/sup 2 +/ (bridge = 1,3-diisocyanopropane) involves its excited-state reactivity behavior, as a directly coupled dinuclear redox center might be able to channel charge-transfer excitation energy into redox-substrate chemical bond formation at rates that are competitive with back electron transfer. This goal has been achieved in one important case, namely, in the reduction of protons 40 hydrogen through 546-nm irradiation of (Rh/sub 2/(bridge)/sub 4/)/sup 2 +/ in aqueous HCl solution.
Patients in a depression collaborative care model of care: comparison of 6-month cost utilization data with usual care

A collaborative care model (CCM) has been implemented for management of depression. This paper studies the impact that the CCM had on cost measures for the period of six months after initial diagno...
Role of depressive symptoms in patient satisfaction with visual quality after laser in situ keratomileusis

Purpose To assess the role of depressive symptoms in patient satisfaction with visual quality after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Setting Navy Refractive Surgery Center, Ophthalmology Department, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA. Methods This was a prospective study of active-duty military patients having bilateral conventional LASIK to treat low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism. Patients completed the Armstrong Laboratory Personality Survey Depression scale preoperatively. Patients were also given a 10-point Navy questionnaire that included an assessment of patient satisfaction with visual quality at the 1- and 6-month follow-up examinations. Patients were stratified by their visual quality rating after LASIK as highly satisfied, satisfied, and less satisfied and by their depression scale score into low, medium, and high groups. A proportional odds model was developed to compare the visual quality rating between the 3 depression groups 1 and 6 months post LASIK. Results The study comprised 370 patients. An uncorrected visual acuity of at least 20/20 was achieved in 88.6% of eyes. Patients with higher levels of depressive symptoms had 3.0 times higher odds (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 7.4) of being less satisfied than those with low levels of depressive symptoms 1 month after LASIK ( P ≤.02) and 2.5 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.0 to 6.5) of being less satisfied at 6 months ( P ≤.06). Conclusion Preoperative depressive symptoms were a significant contributor to patient satisfaction with visual quality after LASIK.
Multielement analysis of lake sediments by neutron activation analysis

Abstract By combining instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis, up to 47 elements including major, minor, and trace elements, have been determined in lake sediment samples. Instrumental neutron activation involving both short and long irradiations is used to determine 40 elements including most of the environmentally important ones. A radiochemical separation procedure allows the determination of 7 noble metals. The accuracy and precision of the method are 5–10%.
An ego-psychological theory of altered states of consciousness.

Abstract In this paper a new ego-psychological thmry is proposed for the understanding of altered stah of consciousness. The diehob mies of primary and secondary process, ego activity and ego receptivity, and automatization and de-automatization of ego functions in daydreaming, in the inspirational phase of creativity, in hypnosis, in psychedelic stabs, and in meditation are discussed; so are the roles of fantasy, imagery, and various forms of attention.
Advances in ZnO-based materials for light emitting diodes

ZnO and related semiconductors are alternatives to GaN-based compounds for fabrication of UV/blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). Progress in development of ZnO LEDs has been disappointing due to the difficulty of achieving robust p-type doping and the low crystal quality of heterojunctions and quantum wells. We critically review reports of p-type doping using group V impurities and summarize recent progress and prospects for further advancement of ZnO-based light emitters.
ETS-FUSions Networking, Triggering and Beyond

Gene fusion is a hallmark of cancer development with the mechanisms underlying their genesis emerging. The Staege and Max paper together with another recent paper have provided a comprehensive first view on current TET-ETS translocation studies. This significance, the trigering of gene fusion and beyond will be discussed in this article.
Kinetics and Sulfur fixation in the reduction or oxidation of metal Sulfides mixed with lime

A number of metallurgical processes involve roasting of metal sulfides with oxygen or reduction of metal sulfides with hydrogen. In each case sulfur-bearing gases are emitted. Lime can be used to capture these sulfur-bearing gases. A model of this reaction occurring in a pellet made up of grains of metal sulfide and lime is presented. Specifically, a pellet made up of a mixture of metal sulfide and lime surrounded by a lime layer is considered. The computational investigation shows the distribution of lime necessary to achieve the maximum fixation of sulfur-bearing gases in the shortest time.
Polarized light scattering as a means of detecting heat and UV-induced changes in bacteria and bacterial spores

In the present paper we report on initial attempts to correlate changes in polarized light scattering signals from bacteria and bacterial spores with changes in physical parameters as a result of heat and UV exposure. Clear reproducible changes can be observed, but quantitative correlation such as measuring the degree of germination or survivability needs further study. Average cell size changes can be measured quickly in bacteria such as after UV exposure or during the growth cycle, making the used technique very valuable to monitor changes. Computer modelling is needed to distinguish effects caused by size changes and by changes in index of refraction.
Preparation and Characterization of Six Bis(N-methylpyrrolidine)−C60 Isomers: Magnetic Deshielding in Isomeric Bisadducts of C60

A series of isomers of bis(N-methylpyrrolidine)−C60 2 (Prato bisadducts) was prepared by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-methylazomethine ylide to C60. Six isomers were separated and characterized by ESI-MS, UV/vis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of these bisadducts were assigned based on (1) comparison of their molecular symmetries with their 1H and 13C NMR spectra, (2) comparison of their UV/vis spectra with those of corresponding Bingel−Hirsch bisadducts, and (3) the order of deshielding of the methylene and N-methyl 1H NMR resonances. Prato bisaddition is less chemoselective than Bingel−Hirsch bisaddition to C60.
THE MITOCHONDRIAL PARADIGM FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND CELLULAR FUNCTION: A COMPLEMENTARY CONCEPT TO MENDELIAN GENETICS

While there is general agreement that cardiovascular disease (CVD) development is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral contributors, the actual mechanistic basis of how these factors initiate or promote CVD development in some individuals while others with identical risk profiles do not, is not clearly understood. This review considers the potential role for mitochondrial genetics and function in determining CVD susceptibility from the standpoint that the original features that molded cellular function were based upon mitochondrial-nuclear relationships established millions of years ago and were likely refined during prehistoric environmental selection events that today, are largely absent. Consequently, contemporary risk factors that influence our susceptibility to a variety of age-related diseases, including CVD were probably not part of the dynamics that defined the processes of mitochondrial-nuclear interaction, and thus, cell function. In this regard, the selective conditions that contributed to cellular functionality and evolution should be given more consideration when interpreting and designing experimental data and strategies. Finally, future studies that probe beyond epidemiologic associations are required. These studies will serve as the initial steps for addressing the provocative concept that contemporary human disease susceptibility is the result of selection events for mitochondrial function that increased chances for prehistoric human survival and reproductive success.