cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder

1. The concept of depression 2. The anatomy of normal sadness 3. Sadness with and without cause: depression from ancient times through the nineteenth century 4. Depression in the twentieth century 5. Depression in the DSM-IV 6. Importing pathology into the community 7. The surveillance of sadness 8. The DSM and biological research about depression 9. The rise of antidepressant drug treatments 10. The failure of the social sciences to distinguish sadness from depressive disorder 11. Conclusion
Partial functions in constructive formal theories

Partial functions abound in modern computing theory, and so any system which purports to naturally formalize it must treat them. Surprisingly the most common treatments do not work well for constructive formal systems, i.e., for those with computational content. Since constructive formal systems are significant in computer science, it is important to give an account of partial functions in them. This paper does that by construing a partial function φ:N→N as a total function f:Df→N for Df an inductively defined set generated simultaneously with f. This idea has appeared in other guises, at least in the author's previous work, but here it is presented in a pure form. It is compared to Scott's method of using total functions on domains. A formal system of arithmetic is defined to illustrate the ideas. The system is shown consistent relative to constructive type theory; from this result important corollaries are drawn about using the theory as a programming language.
Nonlinear structural equation modeling with distribution-free method

Structural equation models (SEM) are widely used in many fields including economics and social science. Typical nonlinear SEMs consist of two parts: a linear measurement model relating observed measurements to underlying latent variables, and a nonlinear structural model describing relationships among the latent variables. For such models, we propose a pseudo likelihood approach based on a hypothetical normal mixture assumption on the latent variables. To obtain pseudo likelihood parameter estimates, a Monte Carlo EM algorithm is developed. Standard errors for the structural parameter estimates are obtained by combining an empirical observed information matrix and a bootstrap estimated covariance matrix. For nonlinear SEMs with latent variables with various distributions, we conduct simulations to show our approach produced unbiased parameter estimates and confidence intervals with nominal coverage.
Ocular findings in Quarter Horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia.

Objective—To compare ocular structures of Quarter Horses homozygous for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) with those of Quarter Horses not affected by HERDA (control horses) and to determine the frequency of new corneal ulcers for horses with and without HERDA during a 4-year period. Design—Cohort study of ocular structures and retrospective case series of horses with and without HERDA. Animals—The cohort portion of the study involved 10 Quarter Horses with HERDA and 10 Quarter Horses without HERDA; the retrospective case series involved 28 horses with HERDA and 291 horses without HERDA. Procedures—Ophthalmic examinations, Schirmer tear tests, tonometry, corneal pachymetry, histologic examinations, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed in cohorts of Quarter Horses with and without HERDA. Records were reviewed to determine the incidence of corneal ulcers in horses with and without HERDA during a 4-year period. Results—Corneal thickness of horses with HERDA was significantly...
High-precision U–Pb geochronology of the Butedale pluton, British ColumbiaThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of Geochronology in honour of Tom Krogh.

The Butedale pluton, a ca. 100 km long compositionally zoned batholith, is part of the Coast Plutonic Complex that extends the length of the Canadian Pacific coast. Its age and thermal history are relevant to the Butedale pluton’s role as a test case of the Baja–BC hypothesis, as paleomagnetic evidence suggests that it may have formed thousands of kilometres to the south and moved northward along what is now the Coast Shear Zone. High-resolution U–Pb (chemical abrasion – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA–TIMS), zircon) analysis of rocks across the width of the Butedale pluton indicates that it is actually made up of at least two distinct magmatic events that formed the West Butedale pluton (ca. 95 Ma) and the East Butedale pluton (ca. 85 Ma). The East Butedale pluton was reheated by the emplacement of a younger adjacent pluton, which may have caused partial Pb loss and resulting excess scatter of 206Pb/238U zircon ages within individual samples. The West Butedale pluton may be the same age as, and ...
Space charge effects in a heavy ion cyclotron

Abstract The effect of space charge forces in a heavy ion cyclotron is examined. A simplified model which allows the coupled longitudinal and radial motions to be treated together is used. Numerical calculations, an approximation method that provides physical insight into the motion, and an exact solution are obtained. An upper bound on the dynamic excursion of the beam is obtained analytically.
Evaluation of Java 1.5 network API for use in peer-to-peer and client-server applications

Summary form only given. Since its inception in the mid 1990's Java has steadily gained acceptance by programmers, supplanting both C and C++ as the language of choice. NASA chose to use Java for processing Mars mission data because of increased productivity by their programmers. Other companies cite Java's portability, robustness, and well defined APIs as reasons for change. The December 2006 TIOBE Survey of software developers shows Java to be the top language in use by 20% of programmers, followed by C with 17%, and C++ with 10%). The performance gap between virtual-machine run byte code and native executables has narrowed to the point where it is only an issue for very strict real-time applications. This move to virtual machine architectures was affirmed by Microsoft's release of the .NET systems employing the Windows Virtual Machine. C and C++ are still valuable languages in wide use by programmers. There is a growing body of work examining Java's capabilities to support functions traditionally thought to be the exclusive domain of C and C++. This paper will attempt to add to that body of work by examining the Java 1.5 Network API's performance capabilities with regard to supporting both peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Client/Server applications.
Conducting molecular nanostructures assembled from charge-transfer complexes grafted onto silicon surfaces

Heterodimeric electon-donor/electron-acceptor charge-transfer complexes chemisorbed onto Au(111) by attachment of the electron-donor to the surface have been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and Kelvin probe experiments. Conductance measurements exhibit nearly Ohmic I(V) responses at low bias. The electrical properties of the charge-transfer complex are vastly different than those of the electron-donor alone which exhibits insulating behavior at low bias. In an extension of this work, strategies are being developed for attachment of charge-transfer complexes to semiconducting or insulating surfaces. Fabrication of nanoscale molecular electronic devices is being investigated by attaching one component of a charge-transfer complex to a silicon surface by chemically directed self-assembly. The single component-functionalized surface is then used as a substrate on which the second component of the charge-transfer complex is deposited by the atomic force microscopy method, dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). Derivatives of hexamethylbenze (electron-donor) with terminal olefins attached to crystalline silicon surfaces via hydrosilylation form monolayer-functionalized silicon surfaces that are expected to have insulating properties. Well-defined features can be "drawn" onto the donor-functionalized surfaces by DPN using tetracyanoethylene (electron-acceptor) as the "ink." The resulting charge-transfer complex nanostructures have conducting properties suitable for device function and are flanked by an insulating monolayer, thus creating "wires" made from charge-transfer complexes.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Digital toolbox [intranets]

The author relates his experiences in hiring an additional Webmaster for his organization. The company Web-based content and server systems had become tool large and complex for the existing staff to handle. He considers the elements of successful intranet implementation which are similar to those required for Internet-based Web services.
Secreted cathepsin L generates endostatin from collagen XVIII

Endostatin, an inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, was identified originally in conditioned media of murine hemangioendothelioma (EOMA) cells. N-terminal amino acid sequencing demonstrated that it corresponds to a fragment of basement membrane collagen XVIII. Here we report that cathepsin L is secreted by EOMA cells and is responsible for the generation of endostatin with the predicted N-terminus, while metalloproteases produce larger fragments in a parallel processing pathway. Efficient endostatin generation requires a moderately acidic pH similar to the pericellular milieu of tumors. The secretion of cathepsin L by a tumor cell line of endothelial origin suggests that this cathepsin may play a role in angiogenesis. We propose that cleavage within collagen XVIII's protease-sensitive region evolved to regulate excessive proteolysis in conditions of induced angiogenesis.
Immunologic and Serologic Studies in a Child with Associated HIV Infection

A 15-month-old black male infant of drug-abusing parents presented with failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and interstitial pneumonia. At 4 years, oral candidiasis, purulent ot...
Clinical Evaluation of a Radiopaque Composite Restorative Material After Three and a Half Years

A clinical comparison was made of an experimental radiopaque composite restorative material and Addent 35. The radiopaque experimental formulation contained a novel ternary eutectic dimethacrylate as the resin binder and fused silica and a novel BaF2 containing glass as the reinforcing fillers. Evaluation of restorations indicate that the experimental material compared favorably with the commercial material.
Superoxide production by macrophages stimulated in vivo with synthetic ether lipids.

The anticancer activity of synthetic ether lipids may depend in part upon their ability to activate cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In the present study, we have sought to determine whether 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OMe) and related ether lipids enhance superoxide production by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ether lipids were administered intraperitoneally to C57BL/6 mice 4 d after injection with thioglycollate broth. Elicited peritoneal macrophages were harvested and purified one day later, and superoxide production was detected by measuring the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Low levels of superoxide were secreted by macrophages in the absence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). When PMA was addedin vitro to macrophages from ET-18-OMe-treated mice, these cells secreted 194.2 nmol superoxide/mg protein in comparison to 53.5 nmol superoxide/mg protein for PMA-treated control cells. Thein vitro treatment of the macrophages with ET-18-OMe was not effective in stimulating superoxide secretion. Macrophages harvested from mice treated with a series of ether lipids (with and without phosphorus) were examined, and superoxide secretion was found to vary with structure. AM-18-OEt and CP-7 were the most effective compounds, secreting 8.6 and 11.9 times more superoxide, respectively, than PMA-stimulated control cells. Moreover, direct cytotoxicity of the compounds for HL60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells did not necessarily correlate with the ability of each drug to increase macrophage superoxide production.
High-order resonant modes in an antenna coupled terahertz 2D plasmonic detector

We demonstrate excitation of terahertz 2D plasmons in a grating-gated transistor at the vertex of a broadband antenna. This functions as a plasmonic crystal, with modes associated with both the grating period and channel length.
Radiation-induced somatic mutations and the loss of reproductive integrity in Tradescantia stamen hairs

Abstract Inflorescences of Tradescantia (clone 02), a diploid hybrid heterozygous for flower color, were given a 16-hr exposure (25–500 R) of 60 Co γ-rays from a 3200 Ci source. Morphological abnormalities induced in stamen hairs were noted for a period of 20 days and records kept of the frequency and position of mutant cells and mutant events and of the killing effect (loss of reproductive integrity) in the hairs. The results show that these effects are highly dependent upon the developmental stage of the hair at the time of exposure. Giant cells and abnormally shaped cells were induced both apically and interstitially at the higher levels of radiation exposures. Branching of the hairs was also observed. Such effects occur very rarely in unirradiated flowers. An increased number of mutant pink cells per stamen appeared about six days postirradiation. They increased with increasing exposure and time, reached a peak about 14 days after treatment, then decreased in number up to 20 days. The frequency of mutant events (single cell or multicellular mutations) per stamen reached the highest value for each exposure at about 10 or 11 days after treatment, leveled off, and declined after about 13 days. This indicates that at the time of irradiation these buds contained the maximum number of meristematic stamen hair cells. Mutation rate varied with exposure and time, but at 11 days after irradiation with 100 R it was estimated to be 5·29 × 10 −4 per R per meristematic cell. The percentage of stunted hairs (those that had lost their reproductive integrity) per stamen showed an increase with increasing exposure. But at exposures up to 300 R some sort of recovery phenomenon was noticed. A typical exponential survival curve was found with a D 37 of 270 R and and extrapolation number of 1·81. Exposures of 200–300 R are optimal for producing mutations and are not sufficiently high to induce lethality to an extent which would mask the mutation sensitivity of stamen hair cells. The results thus indicate that there exists, over a limited time and within a certain exposure range, an approximately linear relationship between radiation exposures and the frequencies of mutant cells and of mutant events.
On the analysis of geophysical data for an unknown constant, exemplified by the problem of the O+-O collision cross-section

Abstract Geophysical data that are employed to determine some constant parameter are often subjected to a least-squares method of analysis. Uncritical use of this method has been found to be inappropriate. An alternative method, based on the analysis of the errors that must be associated with any chosen method of data reduction, is recommended in its place. The relevant principles are exemplified by the currently active problem of the O + -O collision cross-section as determined from aeronomic measurements. These principles lead to specific recommendations for future data analysis in this area.
An Investigation of Optical Fiber Coating Performance in Embedded Sensing Applications

The use of composite materials for aerospace applications has created an increased need for developing nondestructive methods for assessment of composite performance. Embedded optical fiber sensor technology provides the potential for monitoring parameters of interest during processing and testing of composite materials as well as the opportunity for tracking properties over the lifetime of composite parts in service. The successful development of this technology depends on designing optical fiber sensor systems suitable for embedding in composite structures. This paper focuses on the role played by optical fiber coatings in the design of embedded sensor systems. The performance of different optical fiber coatings under typical composite processing conditions will be discussed. Photomicrographs of test specimens containing embedded sensors will be presented which show delamination occurring at the coating/optical fiber interface in preference to the coating/epoxy resin interface. Coating performance criteria will be outlined for use in the selection of fiber optic sensors for composite applications.
Neutral current π0 production in K2K and Super—Kamiokande

Abstract Super-Kamiokande has reported evidence for νμ ↔ ντ or νμ ↔ νs neutrino oscillations from studies of atmospheric neutrinos. One way to distinguish between the two hypotheses is by looking at the neutral current (NC) rate. Single-π0 production is a clean NC signal in large water Cherenkov detectors for neutrino energies ∼ 1GeV like atmospheric neutrinos. Since the energy spectrum of the K2K beam is similar that of atmospheric neutrinos, measurements of π0 production in the 1 kton water Cherenkov near detector at K2K are used to lower the systematic error on a νμ ↔ vs. νμ ↔ νs atmospheric neutrino analysis at Super—Kamiokande.
Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in the rat: effects of gender, stimulus characteristics and ethanol sedation.

Abstract Rat BAEPs varied significantly as a function of gender and ethanol sedation as well as stimulus intensity and repetition rate. All BAEP wave latencies decreased and amplitudes increased with increasing stimulus intensity. Contrary to the prevailing view, the I–IV interpeak latency changed significantly as a function of stimulus intensity. In terms of repetition rate, all BAEP wave latencies increased and amplitudes decreased with increasing repetition rate. Male rats, compared to females, had significantly longer latencies for several BAEP components and interpeak latencies as well as smaller wave II amplitudes across a broad range of stimulus intensities. Males, compared to females, also had longer BAEP wave IV latencies and I–IV interpeak latencies at a slow stimulus repetition rate (8 clicks/sec) but shorter wave IV and I–IV latencies at a fast repetition rate (120 clicks/sec). These gender-dependent differences indicate that male and female rat BAEP data should not be combined indiscriminantly. Ethanol sedation had a statistically significant effect on the I–IV interpeak latency that was judged to be largely independent of core temperature changes. This finding suggests that while sedatives and anesthetics used to immobolize animals may have apparently minor temperature-independent effects on BAEP latencies, these effects can be statistically significant.
Power System Modal Identification from Large Scale Simulations Using Model Adaptive Reference Control

The major objective of this paper is the identification of the dominant modal responses of large scale power system dynamic simulations. The results of simulations are the angle-time responses of synchronous machine rotors. The rotor inertias coupled via transmission lines produce second order responses, whose damping factors and undamped natural frequencies are identified by a Model Adaptive Reference Control (MARC) system. The MARC identification system is applied successfully to the swing curves of a 1700 bus power system simulation to identify the local and intertie mode parameters. Specifically the sensitivity of modal damping due to power modulation of an HVDC tie is quantified. The low frequency interarea mode damping ratio (¢) is increased from 0.12 to 0.17 by the use of Frequency Sensitive Power Modulation, whereas the other parameters of the two modes were not affected significantly. Thereby the effectiveness of an External Control system on an HVDC transmission line is quantified. Previous evaluations had yielded only qualitative results.
Isolation and characterization of the chicken bcl-2 gene: expression in a variety of tissues including lymphoid and neuronal organs in adult and embryo.

The expression of human bcl-2 gene is de-regulated by t(14;18) translocation in most of follicular lymphoma. Recent studies indicated that the bcl-2 gene product has an ability to block apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. To facilitate the analysis of the role of this gene in normal development using an animal model, we have isolated and partially characterized the chicken homologue of human bcl-2 gene. The analysis of nucleotide sequence showed that the organization of the chicken bcl-2 gene is very similar to that of human bcl-2 gene. The primary transcript is spliced to encode a 25,687 dalton (233 a.a.) protein. The chicken Bcl-2 protein has two regions highly homologous to human Bcl-2 protein surrounding a totally non-homologous region. The expression of the chicken bcl-2 gene was analyzed in various chicken tissues. In the adult chicken, bcl-2 transcripts were detected in thymus, spleen, kidney, heart, ovary and brain, with the highest levels being detected in the thymus. However, the bursa of Fabricius, which is the site of early B cell development, expressed much less amounts of bcl-2 RNA. On the other hand, in embryo, the gene is extensively expressed in the bursa, as well as in muscle and the above tissues. Our findings indicate that a homologue of the human bcl-2 gene does exist in the chicken and that its expression is developmentally regulated in some tissues.
Effect of α1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac pathophysiology

Compelling evidence now exists that proves adrenergic blockade is at the center of neurohormonal antagonism in heart failure (HF). Catecholamines are well known to act through both β- and α-adrenergic receptors (ARs), which mediate their effects through distinct receptor pathways. β-AR blockers are commonly used in the treatment of HF and have distinct receptor affinity profiles. The recent COMET trial comparing 2 important β-blocking drugs showed a distinct advantage for carvedilol in decreasing the risk of mortality from HF. The mechanism of action for carvedilol differs from metoprolol tartrate in its ability to block both α- and β-ARs, leading to renewed interest in the potential role of α-ARs in the progression of HF. In contrast, however, the ALLHAT study discontinued use of doxazosin, an α 1 -receptor blocker because of an increase in cardiovascular events among patients using this drug. The results of these studies appear to be in contrast with respect to the role of α-ARs in regards to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Further study of the α-receptor and understanding the role of α-ARs in HF is necessary to understand the therapeutic effect of α-blockade. This article reviews our understanding of the α-AR in HF.
α-Adrenergic systems mediate chronic central AII hypertension in rats fed high sodium chloride diet from weaning

Abstract Hypertension is elicited by chronic, low dose intracerebroventricular (ICV) angiotensin II (AII) infusion in rats raised from weaning on relatively high sodium chloride diet (250 mEq kg−1 food). This experimental model of hypertension is dependent upon renal innervation and associated with neurogenic sodium retention. The present study determined whether this neurogenic ICV AII hypertension is mediated by central α-adrenoceptors. Rats were weaned at 21 days of age and fed a 1.5% (250 mg kg−1 food) sodium chloride diet for 10–12 weeks. At adulthood, animals were instrumented with central nervous system (CNS) lateral ventricular cannulas, femoral artery and vein catheters and housed in metabolic pens for chronic study. Low dose ICV AII infusion (20 ng min−1) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 121±4 to 140±6 mm Hg on the day of ICV infusion. This increase in arterial pressure was associated with 3 consecutive days of decreased urinary sodium excretion. Subsequent ICV α-adrenoceptor blockade with phentolamine (AII+phentolamine) abolished the pressor and antinatriuretic responses to low dose chronic ICV AII infusion. Resumption of ICV AII infusion alone increased in MAP toward pre-α-adrenergic blockade values (133±5 mm Hg) on day 8. Following cessation of ICV AII infusion, arterial pressure and sodium excretion returned to values not significantly different from control. This model of hypertension was not dependent on circulating plasma renin activity (PRA), since PRA decreased during ICV AII infusion. These data confirm that low dose ICV AII causes hypertension and sodium retention in rats raised from weaning on moderately elevated sodium intake. We conclude that AII mediated neurogenic hypertension and antinatriuresis is elicited by stimulation of AT1 receptors on neurons which interact with noradrenergic cell bodies in cardiovascular and autonomic centers that may modulate renal sympathetic outflow via α-adrenoceptors.
Soft Tissue Fixation to Bone A Biomechanical Analysis of Spiked Washers

The initial fixation strengths of two spiked-washer de signs were evaluated using human femurs and fascia lata tissue. Fascia lata was attached to the femur using the fixation devices, and then each femur-washer- fascia lata complex was loaded in tension to failure. Load-elongation curves were recorded, the initial failure load, initial failure displacement, stiffness, ultimate load, and ultimate displacement were determined for each test, and failure modes were recorded. Results indi cated that the 6-spike design provided superior initial fixation strength in the 19-mm diameter size. This washer design was then compared with two commer cially available fixation devices: the spiked AO washer and soft tissue fixation plate. Fixation provided by the prototypal washer design was not different in most in stances from that provided by the AO fixation devices. Based on these results, important design characteris tics for soft tissue spiked washers are identified and discussed.
Computation by symmetry operations in a structured model of the brain: Recognition of rotational invariance and time reversal.

Symmetries have long been recognized as a vital component of physical and biological systems. What we propose here is that symmetry operations are an important feature of higher brain function and result from the spatial and temporal modularity of the cortex. These symmetry operations arise naturally in the trion model of the cortex. The trion model is a highly structured mathematical realization of the Mountcastle organizational principle [Mountcastle, in The Mindful Brain (MIT, Cambridge, 1978)] in which the cortical column is the basic neural network of the cortex and is comprised of subunit minicolumns, which are idealized as trions with three levels of firing. A columnar network of a small number of trions has a large repertoire of quasistable, periodic spatial-temporal firing magic patterns (MP's), which can be excited. The MP's are related by specific symmetries: Spatial rotation, parity, ``spin'' reversal, and time reversal as well as other ``global'' symmetry operations in this abstract internal language of the brain. These MP's can be readily enhanced (as well as inherent categories of MP's) by only a small change in connection strengths via a Hebb learning rule. Learning introduces small breaking of the symmetries in the connectivities which enables a symmetry in the patterns to be recognized in the Monte Carlo evolution of the MP's. Examples of the recognition of rotational invariance and of a time-reversed pattern are presented. We propose the possibility of building a logic device from the hardware implementation of a higher level architecture of trion cortical columns.
Influences of Temperature on Growth of Leuconostoc cremoris

Abstract Optimal growth temperatures in citrate broth for six strains of Leuconostoc cremoris varied from 24 through 27C and averaged 26C. The average generation time at 26C was 3.2h. Minimal and maximal growth temperatures were 14 to 17 and 34 to 36C, respectively. Comparison of the data for L. cremoris to that previously obtained for Streptococcus cremoris suggests that 22 to 25C is the appropriate temperature range for propagating dairy cultures containing lactic streptococci and L. cremoris . Molar growth yields and values for end products produced in citrate broth (with citrate and acetate omitted) were excessively high because energy was gained and end products were produced from constituents of the complex medium other than added glucose.
From Here to Eternity Children's Acquisition of Understanding of Projective Size on Television

This study attempts to trace children's acquisition of understanding of projective size (e.g., getting closer to and farther away from an object) as depicted on television through two distinctive techniques—zooming in/out and multiple edits. Unlike previous research in this area, this investigation applied aspects of cognitive processing that have been identified as untapped through gross Piagetian measures—Level 1 and Level 2 knowledge of visual perception (Pillow & Flavell, 1986). Findings suggest that children classified as “preoperational” by Piagetian standards, but possessing Level 1 knowledge of visual perception—the ability to infer what objects can or cannot be seen from another person's viewpoint—are capable of understanding the more simple form of projective size; children possessing Level 2 knowledge—the ability to infer the nature, as well as the content, of another person's visual experience—have a better comprehension of the more complex, edited presentation of projective size. Level of television consumption plays a role in children's acquisition of understanding of television information.
The relationship between psychopathic personality features and malingering symptoms of major mental illness.

This study examined the relationship between psychopathy and malingering in a subsample of male prison inmates (n = 55) participating in a larger study of the clinical utility of various assessment measures in correctional settings. Participants' capacity to feign major mental illness successfully was evaluated using standard cutoff scores for the detection of malingering on a variety of instruments, including the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS; G. P. Smith & G. O. Burger, 1997), the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; R. Rogers, R. M. Bagby, & S. E. Dickens, 1992), and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. Morey, 1991). Psychopathic traits were assessed via the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S.O. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996). Correlations between the malingering indices and the PPI were low (−.14 to .14) and not statistically significant. These findings fail to support the clinical intuition that individuals with higher levels of psychopathy are likely to be more adept at malingering.
VARIATION IN NITROGEN PHYSIOLOGY AND GROWTH AMONG GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED POPULATIONS OF THE GIANT KELP, MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA (PHAEOPHYTA)1

Three geographically isolated populations of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag., were examined for responses to nitrate availability in batch culture experiments using juvenile sporophytes reared from spores in the laboratory. Although maximum rates of nitrate-saturated growth were similar among groups, there were significant quantitative differences in the response to nitrate limitation that can be related to natural patterns of nutrient availability at these sites. Plants from Santa Catalina Island (most oligotrophic) achieved maximum growth rates at ambient nitrate concentrations that were lower than those for plants from Monterey Bay, California (most eutrophic), or Refugio State Beach (near Santa Barbara, California). Tissue nitrogen and amino acid concentrations were highest in plants cultured from Santa Catalina Island populations at all external nitrate concentrations, suggesting that differences in nitrate requirements for growth may reflect the efficiency of nitrate uptake and assimilation at subsaturating nitrate concentrations. Given the different physical environments from which these plants came, the data suggest that geographically isolated populations of M. pyrifera have undergone genetic divergence that can be explained by ecotypic adaptation to unique habitat conditions at these sites.
Evaluation of Global and Regional Right Ventricular Function Using Automated Border Detection Techniques

Quantitative evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function remains challenging due to the complex geometry of this chamber, which precludes the use of simple geometric assumptions. Automated border detection (ABD) techniques, which provide online changes in cardiac chamber dimensions, have been predominantly used for quantitative assessment of global as well as regional left ventricular function. Recently, acoustic quantification has been validated for quantitative evaluation of global RV function, and color kinesis has been used to objectively assess systolic and diastolic regional RV function. In this article, the main studies validating ABD for the objective assessment of global RV function and the current clinical uses of this technique are reviewed. In addition, technical guidelines and limitations of ABD techniques are described, and potential applications of color kinesis for quantitative assessment of regional systolic and diastolic RV performance are detailed. ABD techniques provide new insights into right atrial and RV systolic and diastolic properties. The clinical value of these techniques in the diagnosis, prognosis, and potential guidance of therapeutic management of RV dysfunction remains to be determined.
Characterization of Alpha-Pinene-Degrading Microorganisms and Application to a Bench-Scale Biofiltration System for VOC Degradation

A study was conducted to isolate and characterize monoterpene-degrading microorganisms and apply them to a biofiltration unit for use in degrading high levels of α-pinene. Soil from a monoterpene-contaminated site was used with enrichment culture techniques to recover a consortium of bacteria able to utilize α-pinene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The Biolog system was utilized to identify the bacteria as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans. Aerobic growth and biodegradation studies confirmed that rapid growth and biodegradation were being achieved with α-pinene. Complete degradation of α-pinene was achieved in 36 h with a maximum rate of degradation of 3.9 mg/L/h. The microorganisms were placed in a biofiltration column and demonstrated good removal of α-pinene from an air stream at concentrations averaging 295 ppmv. A nitrogen test was performed and confirmed that the removal of α-pinene was due to biological activity. Given the ability of these microorganisms to utilize high levels of α-pinene, they will be used in a coupled treatment system using a physical/chemical adsorption/desorption unit coupled to a biofiltration column. Often, biofiltration studies are performed using much lower levels of analyte in the influent air stream. However, the ability of these microorganisms to utilize higher levels of compounds expands the capabilities for future coupled biofiltration systems. During future studies, high flow rates with low levels of analyte will be concentrated so that a higher analyte concentration and lower flow rate can be utilized with the biofilter.
Erratum to: How the Pueblos Got Their Sprachbund

The last sentence of the abstract reads, "Pronounced tendencies towards within-group conformity and linguistic purism were probably late (i.e., early first-millennium AD) developments in the Pueblo world." It should read, "Pronounced tendencies towards within-group conformity and linguistic purism were probably late (i.e., early second-millennium AD) developments in the Pueblo world." J Archaeol Method Theory (2013) 20:235 DOI 10.1007/s10816-012-9151-6
Cyclosporin A does not block exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy

UNLABELLED Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to inhibit pathophysiological models of overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, indicating a role for the calcium dependent signal pathways. It is unclear what impact CsA may have on the myocardial response to exercise, a physiological model of overload. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine whether CsA would alter exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Thirty male rats were assigned to vehicle or CsA injection (15 mg.kg.d(-1)) and then assigned to sedentary or exercise training. Animals were swum for 60 min.d(-1) for 1 wk. RESULTS One week of swim training significantly increased plantaris cytochrome oxidase activity, as well as significantly increasing left ventricular (LV) weight and the left ventricular:body weight (LV/BW) ratio. Exercise did not alter right ventricular (RV) weight or the RV/BW ratio. RNA analysis found that exercise significantly increased atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-mRNA levels but did not influence alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression. CsA treatment, but not exercise, was associated with a significant increase in betaMHC expression. Western blot analysis determined that betaMHC protein was also significantly increased in the CsA-treated animals. CONCLUSION CsA did not block exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy but did significantly influence the myocardial phenotype. The CsA-sensitive calcium dependent pathways, important for pathological forms of overload-induced hypertrophy, were not essential to the early adaptations to exercise and that a different mechanism or signal transduction pathway was engaged. The data also indicate that CsA alone may induce a shift in the MHC isoform expression toward that associated with a pathological phenotype. Whether this phenotype shift contributes to the lowered exercise capacity found in transplant patients remains to be determined.
Power and Memory in Oral History: Workers and Managers at Studebaker.

No one who has conducted oral history interviews has escaped the question, "But how do you know it is true?" The issue of veracity remains important for anyone interested in analyzing oral expressions of memory in historical research. Obviously, memories are limited, and a complete reconstruction of the past through memory (or any other means) is not possible. Oral historians have generally combined the memories they recorded with other kinds of records or cross-checked their interview material with data gathered from other interviews. Their work has yielded extremely valuable insights into particular historical questions, but it has not eliminated the need to think carefully about what people actually remember about their past. An analysis of the memories revealed in oral interviews with men and women who formerly worked at the Studebaker Corporation automobile plant in South Bend, Indiana, offers suggestions about the nature or "truth" of the memories captured in oral interviews. This material, recorded mostly between 1984 and 1985, allows not only a partial reconstruction of the traditional history of labor and management at the plant, but, more importantly for our purposes, a partial reconsideration of the social construction of memory: the interviews can be read not only to discover what people remembered but also to discover how they went about the process of organizing and creating their memories in the first place. David Lowenthal has written that the "contingent and discontinuous facts of the past become intelligible only when woven together as stories." Indeed, what appears most compelling about the Studebaker memories is not the details of life in the plant, which was much like life in other auto plants, but the "narrative structures" or central plots in which individual memories and discrete bits of evidence were placed. Those plots actually reveal the way in which workers and managers at Studebaker gave meaning to their experiences; they organized the past for both the historical actor and the interviewer who attempted to understand it.,
Precision Rotation Measurements with an Atom Interferometer Gyroscope

We report the demonstration of a Sagnac-effect atom interferometer gyroscope which uses stimulated Raman transitions to coherently manipulate atomic wave packets. We have measured the Earth's rotation rate, and demonstrated a short-term sensitivity to rotations of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}(\mathrm{rad}/\mathrm{s})/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$.
Intestinal parasitic infection among new refugees to Minnesota, 1996–2001

Abstract Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasitic infection in primary refugees to Minnesota (MN). Secondary objectives were to determine the association of intestinal parasitic infection with gender, age and continent of origin. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the first refugee screening visits done between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2001 on data from the Minnesota Department of Health. Results Of the 10,358 refugees with screening results, 1969 (19%) had pathogenic intestinal parasites. Parasites were more common in men (OR=1.3; p p p Trichuris trichiura (7.1%), Giardia lamblia (5.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (2.1%), and hookworm (2.0%). Conclusion In this study almost 20% of newly arrived refugees to the state of MN had evidence of intestinal parasitic infection. With very little organized access to health care following arrival of refugees to a new country, risk of transmission of infection, and persistence of infection, the first health visit should be used as a critical opportunity for the screening and treatment of high-risk patients. Future public health work should focus on enhanced screening and surveillance strategies, follow-up for ensuring adequate treatment completion and eradication of parasitosis, as well as research on cost effectiveness of screening versus predeparture anti-helminthic treatment.
A voluntary safe table to help competitive organizations collaborate on improving quality

Purpose – Four Washington State associations came together to form a novel organization in response to rising healthcare sector costs, coupled with the need to ensure efficient provision of high quality care that improves health outcomes. This article seeks to explain the work and progress of that organization.Design/methodology/approach – The article takes the form of a historical narrative.Findings – The initiative has evolved from reliance on grants to becoming self‐funding, expanded the scope of its activities, and satisfied the needs of the stakeholders.Practical implications – This organizational model is more efficient than going it alone on every effort, and may be a desirable solution for other communities.Originality/value – This is the first published description of a unique, non‐profit organization founded in 1998, which can serve as a model for other regions that wish to promote collaborative benchmarking among competitive independent health care providers.
Quinolinate is a weak excitant of cortical neurons in cell culture.

Abstract Defined concentrations of quinolinate (QUIN) were administered to murine cortical neurons in culture impaled for intracellular recording. In physiological recording medium containing 1 mM Mg, concentrations of QUIN up to 2 mM had minimal effect on membrane potential and input resistance; only at higher concentrations did QUIN produce consistent depolarizations, which were accompanied by apparent increases in membrane resistance. In the absence of Mg, responses to QUIN were larger and were accompanied by decreases in membrane resistance, but QUIN was still a weak neuroexcitant, exhibiting an ED50 of greater than 1 mM. Phthalic, dipicolinic and nicotinic acids, structural analogues of QUIN, were even less potent neuroexcitants. The relationship between QUIN depolarization amplitude and membrane potential was linear in the absence of Mg, but in the presence of 1 mM Mg showed a non-linearity consistent with the voltage-dependent Mg block of N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated responses described by others. QUIN responses had a marked dependence on the presence of extracellular Na, and an extrapolated reversal potential of +12 mV, consistent with the large involvement of an Na influx. The responses were attenuated by the selective NMDA receptor antagonists, dl -2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate and ketamine, as well as by the broad spectrum antagonist kynurenate, but not by l -glutamate diethylester or γ- d -glutamylaminomethyl sulfonate, compounds reported to block quisqualate or kainate receptors. The present study is consistent with the suggestion of other workers that QUIN neuroexcitation is mediated in large part by an Na influx through cation permeable NMDA-activated channels, but provides new quantitative data suggesting that the potency of QUIN as a cortical neuroexcitant is low. This low potency may argue against a role for QUIN as a traditional fast excitatory neurotransmitter.
Cure kinetics of epoxy/anhydride thermosetting matrix systems

The kinetics of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether epoxy (DGEBA) cured with trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR under isothermal temperatures in the range of 100–200°C. The effects of an onium salt catalyst and styrene monomer (a reactive diluent additive) on cure kinetics of the DGEBA/TMA resin systems were also investigated. For the uncatalyzed DGEBA/TMA system, the reaction was found to be second order up to a fractional conversion of 0.8, where a diffusion-limited reaction regime was observed as the matrix gelled. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 11.3 kcal/mol. The cure reaction of the catalyzed DGEBA/TMA system was found to be second order up to a fractional conversion of 0.3 and first order thereafter. The apparent activation energy of the catalyzed resin system was calculated to be 12.3 kcal/mol. In the FT-IR investigation, it was discovered that the KBr powder catalyzed the cure reaction. Additionally, the styrene component in the styrene-DGEBA/TMA resin system polymerized independently in the later stage of the cure reaction of the epoxy component. Therefore, the styrene monomer had little effect on the kinetics of cure reaction of the epoxy system.
Robust Inference in Conditionally Linear Nonlinear Regression Models

We consider robust methods of likelihood and frequentist inference for the nonlinear parameter, say a, in conditionally linear nonlinear regression models. We derive closed-form expres- sions for robust conditional, marginal, profile and modified profile likelihood functions for a under elliptically contoured data distributions. Next, we develop robust exact-F confidence intervals for a and consider robust Fieller intervals for ratios of regression parameters in linear models. Several well-known examples are considered and Monte Carlo simulation results are presented.