cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of 2-O (indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucopyranose, 4-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucopyranose and 6-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucopyranose from kernels of Zea mays by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract New esters of indole-3-acetic acid and d -glucose have been isolated from mature sweet-corn kernels of Zea mays. The esters were resolved by t.l.c. into two fractions having RF values distinct from that of authentic 1-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-β- d -glucopyranose. Analysis of the trimethylsilyl ethers of the two fractions by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (g.l.c.-m.s.) showed that the esters have a free carbonyl group. Labeling of the carbonyl carbon atom with an O-methyloxime group, and analysis of the O-trimethylsilyl O-methyloxime derivatives by g.l.c.-m.s. permitted the new compounds to be identified as a mixture of 2-O-(indole-3-acetyl)- d -glucopyranose, 4-O-(indole-3-acetyl)- d -glucopyranose, and 6-O-(indole-3-acetyl)- d -glucopyranose.
Differences between anticipated and perceived difficulty and insertion duration of labor epidural techniques among anesthesiologists, nurses and patients.

Abstract Background Difficulty with the labor epidural technique has been described using a variety of criteria, but remains inadequately defined. We sought to determine the reasons cited for difficulty with the insertion of labor epidural techniques among anesthesiologists, nurses, and patients. We hypothesized that the perception of procedural difficulty would correlate among participants and with the elapsed duration of the insertion attempt. Methods A total of 140 participant sets (i.e. anesthesiologist, nurse and patient) were asked to complete a questionnaire on procedural difficulty, immediately before (i.e. anticipated) and after (i.e. perceived) a standardized epidural technique. Procedural duration, using specified start and end times, was recorded in seconds by an independent co-investigator. Demographic data for all groups were recorded. Results Perceived difficulty with the epidural technique was similar among all groups (range 10–14%; P =0.29) and correlated with anticipated difficulty (anesthesiologist P =0.0004; nurse P =0.00001; patients P =0.006) and procedural duration (all groups P P =0.58), number of attempts (nurse P =0.02), and pain experienced (patient P =0.035). Conclusions Difficulty with the epidural technique is associated with anticipated difficulty and procedural duration. The reasons for perceived difficulty differ among anesthesiologists, nurses and obstetric patients, with patients most commonly citing pain experienced.
The cytoplasmic kinase domain of PhoR is sufficient for the low phosphate‐inducible expression of Pho regulon genes in Bacillus subtilis

PhoP-PhoR, one of three two-component systems known to be required to regulate the pho regulon in Bacillus subtilis, directly regulates the alkaline phosphatase genes that are used as pho reporters. Biochemical studies showed that B. subtilis PhoR, purified from Escherichia coli, was autophosphorylated in vitro in the presence of ATP. Phosphorylated PhoR showed stability under basic conditions but not acidic conditions, indicating that the phosphorylation probably occurs on a conserved histidine residue. Phospho-PhoR phosphorylated its cognate response regulator, PhoP in vitro. B. subtilis phoR was placed in the Bacillus chromosome under the control of the Pspac promoter, which is IPTG inducible. The wild-type phoR, under either native promoter or Pspac promoter with IPTG induction, resulted in a similar level of alkaline phosphatase production. Under high phosphate conditions, strains containing wild-type phoR, or phoR mutant gene products that lacked either the periplasmic domain, or both N-terminal transmembrane PhoR mutant gene products that lacked either the periplasmic domain, or both N-terminal transmembrane PhoR sequences or various extended N-terminal sequences, showed no significant APase production. Under phosphate starvation conditions, in the presence of IPTG, all strains containing mutated phoR genes showed alkaline phosphatase induction patterns similar to that of the wild-type strain, although the fully induced level was lower in the mutants. The decrease in total alkaline phosphatase production in these mutant strains can be compensated completely or partially by increasing the copy number of the mutant phoR gene. These in vivo results suggest that the C-terminal kinase domain of PhoR is sufficient for the induction of alkaline phosphatase expression under phosphate-limited conditions, and that the regulation for repression of APase under phosphate-replete conditions remains intact.
Improving Tuning Range and Sensitivity of Localized SPR Sensors With Graphene

This letter theoretically and numerically confirms that graphene can improve the tuning range and sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. For an SPR sensor with metal nanoparticle arrays fabricated on top of a graphene-coated glass slide, the voltage applied to the graphene layer changes the graphene's optical conductivity and induced polarization of the nanoparticles. As a result of these modifications, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the device change. Numerical studies reveal that for the longitudinal mode, an increase of 2 eV in the chemical potential cause a 24-nm blue shift in the resonance wavelength with a sharper dip in the transmission spectrum and a 23% increase in the sensitivity.
Targeted brain hypothermia induced by an interstitial cooling device in the rat neck : Experimental study and model validation

Abstract Targeted brain hypothermia has the potential to prevent cerebral ischemia injury during open heart and neck surgeries or after traumatic head injury. In this study, in vivo experiments were performed to test the performance of a newly developed cooling device in an inexpensive animal model. Rat brain hypothermia was induced by inserting an interstitial cooling device in the rat neck muscle and placing the device on the common carotid artery to cool the arterial blood supplied to the brain. Coolant was circulating inside the cooling device to achieve either mild or moderate temperature reductions at the surface of the device. Temperatures were measured inside the rat brain tissue, as well as on the head skin surface. For the mild cooling (cooling device surface temperature was 18.7 ± 4.5 °C), the temperature reductions were 2.2 ± 0.6 °C, 2.1 ± 0.6 °C, 1.9 ± 0.6 °C and 1.6 ± 0.9 °C at sites of brain-5 mm, brain-2 mm, skull, and scalp, respectively. After the surface temperature was further decreased to 12.8 ± 2.8 °C (moderate cooling), the temperature reduction in the head increased more than 85% to 3.7 ± 3.2 °C, 3.7 ± 3.0 °C, 3.3 ± 2.5 °C and 2.5 ± 1.0 °C, respectively. The experimental data were also used to validate a previously developed theoretical model for humans. Experimentally measured geometrical and physiological parameters of the rat neck and brain were substituted into the scaled-down theoretical model to simulate the temperature distribution in the rat neck and brain. The theoretically predicted brain temperatures showed a good agreement with the experiment data. We believe that this study is the first step in developing a reliable cooling device to achieve fast cooling and to control rewarming in future clinical studies and to benefit a large patient population.
Moral Cosmology, Religion, and Adult Values for Children

We hypothesize that the religiously orthodox, who are theologically communitarian/authoritarian in seeing individuals as subsumed by a larger community of believers and as subject to timeless divine law, are more likely to value obedience in children over autonomy than are theological modernists, who are theologically individualistic in seeing individuals, not a deity, as the ultimate arbiters of right and wrong. We hypothesize further that differences in moral cosmology (orthodoxy vs. modernism) within faith traditions are more important for the values adults seek to instile in children than are differences between traditions. Through analyses of national data from the 1998 General Social Survey, we find strong confirmation of both hypotheses. Moral cosmology is the single-most important factor in valuations of obedience and autonomy in children. While evangelical Protestants differ from Catholics, mainline Protestants, and those with no religion in their values for children, moral cosmology is associated with differences in values for children within each of the faith traditions, including evangelical Protestants. We conclude that intra-faith differences in moral cosmology are key in explaining values for children, but have not completely supplanted interfaith differences.
World System versus World-Systems: A Critique:

L'A. repond a l'article de A. G. Franck qui critiquait sa conception de la transition au capitalisme. Il explique qu'il a parle d'incessante accumulation de capital, de systemes-monde et non d'un systeme mondial, que le commerce n'est pas un systeme, ce dernier etant fonde sur la division du travail. Il distingue 3 periodes : avant 8-10000 av. J.-C., de 8-10000 av. J.-C. a 1500 ap. J.-C. ou divers systemes historiques existaient, et apres 150 ou le systeme-monde capitaliste s'est developpe.
Measurements and inferences of raindrop canting angles

The canting angle distribution of raindrops derived separately from a 2-D video disdrometer and from an S-band advanced polarimetric radar are presented. In the former case, measurements were made in both natural and artificial rain. The canting angles showed a symmetric distribution about 0° with a standard deviation (σβ) of 7°–8° in low wind conditions and 12° in moderate wind conditions. In the radar-based estimates, the histogram of σβ derived from data obtained during a light stratiform rain event with embedded convection shows the mode to be around 7°, with a significant positive skewness. Around 16% of occurrences exceeded 10° and 3.3% exceeded 15°.
Isolation and purification of a small-molecular-weight GTP-binding protein from plants.

As part of testing the hypothesis that signal transduction in higher plants is mediated by G-protein(s), a 24-kDa GTP-binding protein was isolated and purified to near homogeneity from 3.5-day-old dark grown oat (Avena) seedlings by hydroxyapatite, GTP-agarose, and Sephacryl S-200 chromatographies. The protein bound maximally 0.9 ± 0.1 mol of [35S]guanosine 5′-(3-O-thio) triphosphate (GTPγS)/mol of protein with an apparent Kd of approximately 32 nM. Although binding of [35S]GTPγS was inhibited by both GTP and GDP, no inhibition of [35S]GTPγS binding was observed in the presence of ATP, UTP, CTP, ITP, or TTP. The 24-kDa protein hydrolyzed GTP with a rate of 0.06 mol Pi/mol protein/min. The results suggest that this GTP-binding protein is a unique plant GTP-binding protein that exhibits characteristics similar to those of animal ras-related GTP-binding proteins.
A novel approach to forensic molecular biology education and training: it’s impact on the criminal justice system

The managers of crime laboratories face significant hurdles when preparing new hires to become productive members of the laboratory. New hires require six months of training/experience in the crime laboratory before becoming a productive member of the Biology (DNA) section. To address this deficiency in forensic DNA education, a novel forensic education curriculum was developed and tested for three consecutive years in the forensic science program at Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC. The curriculum used a CTS proficiency kit, which is the same kit used to validate the proficiency of forensic scientists in crime laboratories in the US. A cost benefit analysis suggests that training students in a classroom instead of in a crime laboratory provides both direct savings to the laboratory and significant societal savings as more DNA profiles are entered into the database. The societal benefit from the combined reduction in the amount of training in a crime laboratory and increasing the number of ...
Transthoracic ultrasonography is an alternative to subxyphoid ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hemopericardium in penetrating precordial trauma.

Abstract Background: Surgeon-performed ultrasonography is increasingly becoming part of the initial evaluation of patients after blunt or penetrating trauma. Currently, most institutions obtain a subxyphoid or subcostal view of the heart and pericardial space, and a three-view ultrasonogram of the abdomen to detect blood in the pericardial sac or in three dependent abdominal areas. Methods: A left parasternal standard transverse transthoracic view is described in addition to the aforementioned views. This facilitates the visualization of the pericardial sac when a subxyphoid or subcostal view cannot be obtained because of anatomical reasons (narrow subxyphoid space) or local factors (pain, fractures, subcutaneous emphysema, or chest wall contusion). Results: The transthoracic view can be useful in patients where the subxyphoid view is difficult to obtain through the conventional approach. In most patients an excellent view of the pericardial sac and ventricles can be obtained and, therefore, expedites the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hemopericardium. Conclusion: Surgeon-performed ultrasonography has become the diagnostic test of choice for patients suspected of having hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Transthoracic ultrasonography is an excellent alternative for those patients where a subxyphoid or subcostal view to visualize the pericardial sac and heart cannot be obtained owing to local or anatomical factors.
Structural Determinants of Protein Association with Membrane Rafts and Consequences of Raft Mislocalization

The organization of metazoan membranes into functional domains is a key feature of their physiology. The lipid raft hypothesis emphasizes the preferential interactions between sterols, sphingolipids, and specific proteins as a central mechanism for the regulation of membrane structure and function; however, experimental limitations in defining raft composition and properties have prevented unequivocal demonstration of their functional relevance. Similarly, the physical bases of protein partitioning into lipid rafts remain to be determined. Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles (GPMVs) isolated directly from live cells separate into coexisting phases of varying orders, physical properties and compositions, allowing analysis of the structural determinants and functional consequences of raft partitioning. By systematic mutation of the transmembrane domain of an integral membrane protein, we observe a direct, quantitative relationship between the length of a protein's transmembrane domain and its partitioning into the raft phase. Next, we generated a panel of variants possessing a range of raft affinities, and used these to establish a quantitative, functional relationship between raft association and subcellular protein sorting. Plasma membrane (PM) localization was dependent on raft partitioning across the entire panel of unrelated mutants, demonstrating that raft association is necessary and sufficient for PM sorting in the absence of other trafficking signals. Abrogation of raft partitioning led to mis-targeting to late endosomes/lysosomes. These findings identify structural determinants of raft association and validate lipid-driven phase separation as a mechanism for protein sorting in the late secretory pathway in non-polarized cells. We are further developing this platform to define the molecular code for transmembrane protein raft association and have discovered key structural features and residues necessary for raft phase partitioning.
Gendering Organizational Analysis

The article presents a review of the book “Gendering Organizational Analysis,” edited by Albert J. Mills and Peta Tancred.
Oxidative Modification of Native Protein Residues Using Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate

A new protein modification strategy has been developed that is based on an oxidative coupling reaction that targets electron-rich amino acids. This strategy relies on cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an oxidation reagent and results in the coupling of tyrosine and tryptophan residues to phenylene diamine and anisidine derivatives. The methodology was first identified and characterized on peptides and small molecules, and was subsequently adapted for protein modification by determining appropriate buffer conditions. Using the optimized procedure, native and introduced solvent-accessible residues on proteins were selectively modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and small peptides. This unprecedented bioconjugation strategy targets these under-utilized amino acids with excellent chemoselectivity and affords good-to-high yields using low concentrations of the oxidant and coupling partners, short reaction times, and mild conditions.
Pigmentation and enzymic inhibition by carbonyl compounds in the rabbit lens

Abstract When certain α-hydroxycarbonyl or dicarbonyl compounds were added to cultured rabbit lenses, changes occurred in enzymic activity, color and fluorescence. These changes resemble the decreased metabolism and the development of color and fluorescence that is seen in some aged human lenses. One representative compound, glycolaldehyde, inhibited activity of at least one enzyme (aldolase). When added to lysine, to muscle aldolase, to dialyzed lens homogenates or to intact cultured rabbit lenses, glycolaldehyde elicited u.v.-fluorescence and color, the latter ranging progressively from yellow to brown or even to black. Glycolaldehyde in solution with lysine at pH 8 formed a 1-1 adduct. Through subsequent reactions of the Maillard type there occurred further changes yielding a progression of color similar to that seen in glycolaldehyde-treated lenses or in colored human lenses. Other a -hydroxycarbonyl compounds or dicarbonyls which are inhibitory to metabolism in the lens (T. G. Scharff and O. L. Montgomery, Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 134 , 658 1970) also probably underwent Maillard-type reactions with amino acids in solution to form similarly colored, fluorescent products with muscle aldolase, dialyzed lens homogenates or intact lenses. It is possible that colored Maillard-type complexes between unidentified carbonyl compounds and free or protein-incorporated amino acids may be involved in reduced metabolism and in color development in the aged human lens or other pigmented, aging tissues.
Mars Science Laboratory Roll Control System Thruster Seals

During atmospheric entry into Mars, Mars science laboratory (MSL) requires a dynamic seal around the roll control system (RCS) thrusters. The RCS thrusters are mounted on the descent stage which is on the inside of Backshell. The thrusters protrude slightly through cutouts in the Backshell. The seal is mounted on the Backshell and interfaces with an aerodynamic shroud that surrounds the thruster nozzle ends. The seal's main requirement is to aid in blocking the aero-thermal heating during atmospheric entry from entering into the Backshell. The seal must also be able to take the heat loading that is subjected by the thruster themselves, in addition to being a dynamic seal as there are relative deflections on the order of 6.5 mm (designed to handle 15 mm) across the sealing interface. The seal design is comprised of thin titanium shim stock that is arranged in a staggered-shingled blade configuration that flexes, absorbs relative motion, and seals gaps between blades. Analysis and testing was performed to validate the design's capability to perform as required during atmospheric entry into Mars.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of tetracenomycin A2 oxygenase: a flavoprotein hydroxylase involved in polyketide biosynthesis.

The tcm operon in Streptomyces glaucescens encodes a group of enzymes involved in the synthesis of the polyketide tetracenomycin (Tcm) C that exhibits both antitumor and antibiotic activities. Here, the crystallization and preliminary data characterization of the tcmG gene product, Tcm A2 oxygenase, which catalyzes the triple hydroxylation of Tcm A2 to form Tcm C, are reported. Tcm A2 oxygenase crystallizes in two different space groups, both with six monomers per asymmetric unit, resulting in large unit-cell parameters. Synchrotron data have been collected from both the hexagonal and tetragonal crystal forms to 4.5 and 4.2 A, respectively. The self-rotation function searches in both space groups suggest the monomers assemble into a complex with D3 symmetry.
Laser-induced fluorescence temperature measurements in a dc arcjet used for diamond deposition

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) observations of CH and C(2) radicals in a dc-arcjet plasma are reported. A hydrogen and methane gas mixture flows through a dc-arc and expands through an orifice in the anode to form a luminous jet; diamond film grows under this jet on a water-cooled substrate. At the substrate position for best diamond growth, laser excitation spectra determine a rotational population distribution of CH(X) and C(2)(a), which yields Boltzmann gas temperatures of 2100 ±200 K. The C(2) Swan-band emission from the same observation volume yields an excited C(2)(d) rotational and vibrational population distribution well described by a 5000 K temperature. The difference between the LIF and emission temperatures indicates that chemiluminescent reactions are the dominant excitation mechanism for the optical emission from the gas jet.
The perception of depth contours with yellow goggles.

The ability of subjects to discriminate the depth of depressions in the snow was conducted at a cross-country ski area. The percentage of correct judgments on an overcast day was significantly greater with yellow goggles than with luminance-matched neutral goggles. This experiment, suggested by the chromatic-achromatic theory of color vision, indicates why yellow goggles are popular despite many previous unsuccessful attempts to prove their effectiveness. Language: en
Application of Minimum Entropy Estimation in Modal Analysis

We propose a modification of the popular Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) (see [1]) using the Minimum Entropy Estimation (MEE) method ([2], [3]). The Eigensystem Realization Algorithm is an LS method that is used to estimate the system matrices in a state-space representation of a physical structure. The MEE is known for its superior variance estimation as compared to the LS method when the measurement noise is unknown and non-Gaussian. It can be used to give a better estimate of the Markov sequence of a dynamical system, which in turn leads to the estimation of the system matrices and the poles using ERA.
Daily electronic portal imaging for morbidly obese men undergoing radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose We summarize our experience with a series of morbidly obese men treated using daily online portal imaging and implanted gold markers to guide external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Methods and materials Three consecutive morbidly obese men were treated with EBRT for localized prostate cancer. Daily electronic portal imaging was used to verify patient position. The magnitude and direction of patient positioning error were documented for each fraction. Results The absolute magnitude of positioning error was greatest in the left-right direction with a mean of 11.4 mm/fraction (median, 8 mm; range, 0–42 mm). Mean error in the superior-inferior direction was also substantial at 7.2 mm/fraction (median, 5 mm; range, 0–47 mm). Anteroposterior error was the least problematic with a mean value of 2.6 mm/fraction (median, 2.5 mm; range, 0–8 mm). Conclusions Daily electronic portal imaging combined with gold fiducial markers dramatically improves the precision of EBRT in the treatment of morbidly obese men with prostate cancer. Setup error rather than organ motion appears to be the dominant force in positioning error in obese men.
Mechanisms of bone re‐modeling, resorption and repair: Therapeutic strategies for intervention

The skeleton is a dynamic structure contributing vitally to the body’s needs for structural support and mineral homeostasis. Bones are able to develop to appropriate size and shape, be renewed every 7–10 years, respond to changes in mechanical stress, repair and reshape after fracture, and support calcium homeostasis. The processes of bone modeling, remodeling and repair require the concerted actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The activity of these cells is normally tightly regulated at the local level to initiate and direct these processes so as to maintain shape, strength and architecture of the skeleton. Systemic and local stimuli provide an integrated signal to bone cells to determine the initiation rate and duration of remodeling activity. In disease, the regulation of bone resorption and formation can break down giving rise to systemic or local bone loss that can impair structural integrity and/or mineral homeostasis. Disease processes overwhelm local structural signals to induce excessive bone resorption, inhibit bone formation, or induce loss of bone architecture. Therapeutic strategies that restore or enhance normal local responsiveness to physiologic signals are those most likely to induce repair that is structurally sound. Thus understanding of the mechanisms of local regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast function is vital to the development of effective therapeutics. The recent discovery of the importance of RANK signaling, as modulated by RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin (OPG), in regulating bone resorption, serves as an example of convergence of multiple systemic signals to a single signaling pathway active in the local bone environment. Inhibition of RANK signaling through treatment with recombinant OPG provides potent inhibition of bone resorption in multiple pathologic indications. Discovery of similar pathways regulating the activity of osteoblasts at the local level could give rise to additional therapeutic modalities to improve bone structure. Different strategies may be required to thicken current bone elements, rebuild trabecular structure, bridge large defects, and then to maintain these improvements.
Evolution of musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal sports ultrasound

Ultrasound is a fast growing and, at times, controversial area of sports medicine. Utilisation of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) has increased dramatically over the past decade and non-musculoskeletal applications in sports medicine continue to expand.1 ,2 To this end, the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) has introduced the term ‘Sports Ultrasound’ to encompass the breadth and potential ultrasound holds for the field of sports medicine. This issue of BJSM highlights several different areas in sports ultrasound, from new AMSSM standards to protocols and reviews of developing applications of ultrasound for the sports medicine clinician. Our 2010 training guidelines lacked specifics regarding diagnostic ultrasound and were challenging to implement for some fellowship programmes.3 Recognising the importance of establishing basic competency among all primary care sports medicine (PCSM) fellowship graduates, AMSSM established a Presidential task force to review and update the previous ultrasound curriculum and make recommendations regarding faculty development and additional educational tools to support programmes that are still …
Unstructured Grids for Sonic Boom Analysis and Design

An evaluation of two methods for improving the process for generating unstructured CFD grids for sonic boom analysis and design has been conducted. The process involves two steps: the generation of an inner core grid using a conventional unstructured grid generator such as VGRID, followed by the extrusion of a sheared and stretched collar grid through the outer boundary of the core grid. The first method evaluated, known as COB, automatically creates a cylindrical outer boundary definition for use in VGRID that makes the extrusion process more robust. The second method, BG, generates the collar grid by extrusion in a very efficient manner. Parametric studies have been carried out and new options evaluated for each of these codes with the goal of establishing guidelines for best practices for maintaining boom signature accuracy with as small a grid as possible. In addition, a preliminary investigation examining the use of the CDISC design method for reducing sonic boom utilizing these grids was conducted, with initial results confirming the feasibility of a new remote design approach.
Targeting virulence mechanisms for the prevention and therapy of arenaviral hemorrhagic fever

A number of arenaviruses are pathogenic for humans, but they differ significantly in virulence. Lassa virus, found in West Africa, causes severe hemorrhagic fever (HF), while the other principal Old World arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, causes mild illness in persons with normal immune function, and poses a threat only to immunocompromised individuals. The New World agents, including Junin, Machupo and Sabia virus, are highly pathogenic for humans. Arenaviral HF is characterized by high viremia and general immune suppression, the mechanism of which is unknown. Studies using viral reverse genetics, cell-based assays, animal models and human genome-wide association analysis have revealed potential mechanisms by which arenaviruses cause severe disease in humans. Each of the four viral gene products (GPC, L polymerase, NP, and Z matrix protein) and several host-cell factors (e.g., α-dystroglycan) are responsible for mediating viral entry, genome replication, and the inhibition of apoptosis, translation and interferon-beta (IFNβ) production. This review summarizes current knowledge of the role of each viral protein and host factor in the pathogenesis of arenaviral HF. Insights from recent studies are being exploited for the development of novel therapies.
Facial feature detection using Haar classifiers

Viola and Jones [9] introduced a method to accurately and rapidly detect faces within an image. This technique can be adapted to accurately detect facial features. However, the area of the image being analyzed for a facial feature needs to be regionalized to the location with the highest probability of containing the feature. By regionalizing the detection area, false positives are eliminated and the speed of detection is increased due to the reduction of the area examined.
Corrections to “Restricted Subset Selection Procedures for Simulation”

Correction to Sullivan, D. W., J. R. Wilson. 1989. Restricted subset selection procedures for simulation. Opns. Res.37 52--71.
Remarks on the Traveling Wave Theory of Dynamic Phase Transitions

The purpose of this paper is to review the traveling wave theory of phase transitions especially as this theory relates to the dynamics of van der Waals like fluids. The paper is divided into three sections after this one. The first section derives the balance laws of mass, momentum, and energy for the one dimensional motion of a viscous, heat conducting fluid possessing a Korteweg-van der Waals contribution to the stress [28], [47]. Also derived are the ordinary differential equations governing the motion of traveling waves. The second section describes some solutions of the traveling wave boundary value problem and their relevance to the phenomena of shock splitting. The third section discusses possible relevance of the traveling wave theory to experiment.
Combining the best attributes of qualitative and quantitative risk management tool support

Tools have been developed that support risk identification and management activities during different phases of a project lifecycle. For the earlier stages of the project lifecycle, a tool for the qualitative identification and manipulation of risk and risk mitigation data was developed. For the later stages of the lifecycle, a separate tool for the quantitative manipulation of requirements, risk and risk mitigation data was developed. These two tools were then combined into a single tool. The combination of these qualitative and quantitative risk management tools is the focus of this paper. The combination was first envisioned as simply a convenience, ensuring that the results from the early lifecycle risk management would flow smoothly into the later lifecycle management. However, it was found that the combination led to the possibility of extending many of the capabilities of each tool into the other tool's phases. The net result is a combination that exhibits the best attributes of both qualitative and quantitative risk management tool support.
The comparative evolution of lizard claw and toe morphology and clinging performance

In this study, I utilize the expected functional relationships between claw and toe morphology and clinging performance as a basis for examining evolutionary trends across 85 lizard taxa from 13 families. After controlling for body size and phylogeny, multivariate comparisons indicate that several aspects of claw and toe morphology are correlated with clinging performance. Specifically, evolutionary increases in claw curvature, toe width and adhesive lamella number are correlated with increases in clinging performance on smooth substrates. Furthermore, evolutionary increases in claw height and decreases in toe length are correlated with increases in clinging performance on rough substrates. Sensitivity analyses revealed that changes in both branch lengths and procedural order of correction for body size and phylogeny do not generally have an effect on phylogenetic comparisons. These results demonstrate that the evolution of claw and toe morphology is correlated with the evolution of clinging performance across a wide range lizard taxa.
The Hidden Costs of Contingency: Employers' Use of Contingent Workers and Standard Employees' Outcomes

The rise of contingent employment relations has been one of the most profound shifts in the US economy over the past forty years. While recent scholarship has begun to examine the consequences of organizations’ use of contingent workers for the full-time, standard employees in those workplaces, important limitations remain in this line of research. First, much of the research in this area relies on small, nonrandom samples of organizations and data that are decades old. Second, limited attention has been paid to the mechanisms through which the use of contingent workers shapes standard employees’ attitudes and outcomes. Finally, the varied consequences of using different types of contingent workers have been underdeveloped in the literature. In this article, we address these limitations of existing research, contributing insights about the differential consequences of how organizations obtain flexibility as well as the nature of job insecurity in the “new economy.”
PSUBOT-a voice-controlled wheelchair for the handicapped

A description is presented of PSUBOT (Portland State University roBOT)-a computerized electric wheelchair commanded by voice. The general description of the existing version is presented: control algorithms, navigation, and human interface. Also discussed are the basic principles of the new version under development, which will include computer vision. >
A Matter of Perspective: Comparison of the Characteristics of Persons with HIV Infection in the United States from the HIV Outpatient Study, Medical Monitoring Project, and National HIV Surveillance System

Comparative analyses of the characteristics of persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) in the United States (US) captured in surveillance and other observational databases are few. To explore potential joint data use to guide HIV treatment and prevention in the US, we examined three CDC-funded data sources in 2012: the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), a multisite longitudinal cohort; the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), a probability sample of PLWH receiving medical care; and the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), a surveillance system of all PLWH. Overall, data from 1,697 HOPS, 4,901 MMP, and 865,102 NHSS PLWH were analyzed. Compared with the MMP population, HOPS participants were more likely to be older, non-Hispanic/Latino white, not using injection drugs, insured, diagnosed with HIV before 2009, prescribed antiretroviral therapy, and to have most recent CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count ≥500 cells/mm3 and most recent viral load test<2 00 copies/mL. The MMP population was demographically similar to all PLWH in NHSS, except it tended to be slightly older, HIV diagnosed more recently, and to have AIDS. Our comparative results provide an essential first step for combined epidemiologic data analyses to inform HIV care and prevention for PLWH in the US.
The Senate Immigration Bill Rewards Lawbreaking: Why the Dream Act is a Nightmare

The Senate's immigration reform bill's DREAM Act repeals federal law that prohibits any state from offering in-state tuition rates to illegal aliens unless the state also offers in-state tuition rates to all U.S. citizens. The DREAM Act would retroactively change federal law to pardon ten states which have enacted laws in violation of that policy. This Backgrounder argues that allowing in-state tuition for illegal aliens encourages the violation of federal immigration law and is unfair to legal aliens and out-of state U.S. citizens. It shows how the DREAM Act would create another type of amnesty for illegal aliens who entered the country before the age of 16 and concludes that the Rule of Law can be fully restored only if all levels of government are working to uphold it.
Large scale neural dynamics of rhythmic sensorimotor coordination and stability

Coordination Dynamics posits that the stability of coordinated patterns of movement may be a key variable for organizing neural activity underlying coordinated action. In support, recent findings suggest that premotor areas play an important role in maintaining pattern stability. The present EEG study investigates how changes in neural activation (assessed via event-related power) are affected both by rate and stability of coordination. Nineteen participants coordinated finger taps with an auditory metronome in either a synchronized or syncopated pattern presented at five different rates (1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00 Hz). Premotor areas demonstrated increases in event-related synchronization (neural deactivation) within the alpha band following slow, synchronized movements. Stepwise increases in rate led to greater desynchronization (neural activation) throughout the entire duration of the movement cycle. During syncopation medial premotor regions remained desynchronized during movement. Moreover, medial premotor was more involved during synchronization with subsequent increases in movement rate. Counter to previous findings, medial premotor did not modulate changes in coordination stability. We suggested that medial premotor regions are involved in processes related to the coincidence of the finger tap and auditory tone. These findings support premotor cortex’s role in motor inhibition, timing, and execution.
Crime, Politics, and Municipal Courts: An Analysis of the Enforcement and Adjudication of Vehicle Impoundments in Chicago between 2005 and 2009

In major cities across the country, heavy investment in civil law-based crime abatement strategies has encouraged the wholesale administrative reorganization of municipal criminal justice institutions. We argue that the pursuit of broken windows-based policies in Chicago fundamentally altered the relationship between the Office of the Mayor, the police, and the courts. An outcome of bureaucratic reorganization was the formation of an alternative criminal regulatory system that contained new politics of crime control. Criminal justice institutions now work in tandem to pursue the Mayoral agenda; local courts are instruments of, and not a check on, executive power.
Merging Two Worlds: A Tier Two Model to Promote Transition of Youth from Residential Settings to the Community

It is well documented that youth in residential treatment settings and juvenile justice facilities face a myriad of challenges when transitioning to school, work, or other community settings. Multitiered systems of support can be used to help prepare youth for this transition. A central tenet of a multitiered system is to provide evidenced-based interventions at three levels: universal, targeted, and personalized. This article describes an intervention, Merging Two Worlds, used at the targeted level with youth in a secure care facility. Merging Two Worlds is a curriculum specifically designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to address the challenges they may face in the transition process. Data from two different studies using Merging Two Worlds are presented, findings are discussed, and recommendations for practice are provided.
Introduction to electrical energy systems

This chapter discusses basic electrical energy systems. Concepts of energy and power are defined and fundamentals of energy conversion systems and processes are explained. These concepts are described for direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) systems, including polyphase AC systems. Described conversion systems include thermal, photovoltaic, electrochemical, electromechanical, and thermoelectric. Laws of thermodynamics are reviewed for thermal energy conversion. Fundamental formulas are developed for various forms of energy conversion systems. Pictures and equations are provided where necessary to explain the concepts. Energy storage systems and the concept of loss and efficiency are also briefly discussed. At the end of the chapter, energy resources and potential environmental impacts are explained.
Three Principles for Optimal Pricing of Trackage Rights

Borrowing from the literature on optimal road pricing, this paper introduces three efficiency-based principles for setting track access fees. The fundamental principle is that track fees should be set as close as possible to optimal congestion tolls on a track segment. Since this procedure gives an incentive to keep capacity inefficiently low in order to increase congestion tolls, the second principle is that track fees be devoted to paying for track maintenance, the opportunity cost of land, and the amortization of plant and equipment installed on the track. The third principle is that track fees should be set by traffic and cost conditions on a line and should not vary with the identity of the user whose freight is hauled on the line; this third principle is designed to encourage efficient location and mode choice. The combination of these three principles has the promise of increased willingness to use rail logistics systems, the installation of an appropriate level of capacity on each line, and optimal routing and traffic levels throughout the rail system.
Survey Program for Civil Works Projects

Economical survey programs for civil works projects require special consideration because of the time span from start to completion, the interrelationship and the time lapse that usually occurs between the various phases (feasibility, design, and construction), and the many engineering disciplines involved. The various technical and nontechnical aspects affecting the planning and execution of the survey program are examined to provide an insight to the task confronting the survey manager.
A THEORY OF PARTICIPATION FOR 21st CENTURY GOVERNANCE

The emergence of highly vocal populist movements across the globe during 2011 has put the relationship between the public agency and the citizenry under the proverbial microscope, as a common theme among protestors is the lack of the citizen's voice in governance. This article examines the historical back-and-forth that public participation and populism have taken in the United States as well as recent trends in participation theory and research, finding that authentic participation has the greatest prospects of success at the local level. It also provides suggestions for approaches that public agencies and administrators might employ in an attempt to improve the level of both citizen input and citizen satisfaction in local governance, and proposes avenues for future research.
Advances in 3-Dimensional Printing in Otolaryngology: A Review.

Importance Three-dimensional (3-D) printing is an exponentially growing technology that enables the use of a patient’s image data to create patient-specific models, devices, and implants. Three-dimensional printing, developed in the 1980s, has emerged in the past decade with the potential to create new paradigms in personalized medicine. Observations The field of otolaryngology has advanced many current and evolving future medical applications of 3-D printing. The predominant uses of 3-D printing have rapidly progressed from patient-specific models and simulators to intraoperative guides. Continued advancements now include 3-D–printed implants and future tissue-engineered constructs, which bring new regulatory challenges. This review summarizes the literature and provides a comprehensive guide to the background, applications, and current limitations of 3-D printing across the head and neck. Conclusions and Relevance Three-dimensional printing enables the rapid production of patient-specific devices for personalized medicine. The field of otolaryngology has pioneered many of the underlying advancements in medical 3-D printing and will continue to remain at the forefront of 3-D printing technology.
Evaluation of Beryludes

Unique combinations of low density, high strength properties have made beryllium and its alloys extremely important in space applications. This paper presents an evaluation of beryllium intermetallic compounds.
Data driven decision support for reliable biomass feedstock preprocessing

Biomass feedstock preprocessing through comminution is an essential first step in biofuel production. Chemical, physical and mechanical variability in feedstock prevents the preprocessing plants from assuming constant control parameters. Constant control parameters can lead to suboptimal capability and reliability. However, adapting the control parameters to account for the variabilities is not a trivial task. This paper presents a framework for adapting control parameters through data driven methodologies. The framework named PDU- RS is a decision support system for human in the loop control. PDU-RS is implemented on the Biofuels National User Facility Preprocessing Process Demonstration Unit (PDU), operated by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho. PDU-RS aims at ensuring reliability in the overall operations of the PDU while maximizing throughput. Presented implementation of the PDU-RS uses Gaussian Processes (GP) for knowledge extraction from data. This paper elaborates on the PDU-RS and presents the experimental results of implementing the PDU-RS on the real Biomass PDU. The experimental results demonstrated that the PDU-RS is able to produce significantly higher throughputs while ensuring higher reliability when compared to the traditional control methodology used with the system.
Stability and Water Accessibility of the Trimeric Membrane Anchors of the HIV-1 Envelope Spikes.

HIV-1 envelope spike (Env) is a type I membrane protein that mediates viral entry. Recent studies showed that its transmembrane domain (TMD) forms a trimer in lipid bilayer whose structure has several peculiar features that remain difficult to explain. One is the presence of an arginine R696 in the middle of the TM helix. Additionally, the N- and C-terminal halves of the TM helix form trimeric cores of opposite nature (hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively). Here we determined the membrane partition and solvent accessibility of the TMD in bicelles that mimic a lipid bilayer. Solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement analysis showed that the R696 is indeed positioned close to the center of the bilayer, but, surprisingly, can exchange rapidly with water as indicated by hydrogen–deuterium exchange measurements. The solvent accessibility of R696 is likely mediated by the hydrophilic core, which also showed fast water exchange. In contrast, the N-terminal hydrophobic core showed extremely slow solvent ex...
A rare case of bronchial elastosis: An unusual presentation of an unexpandable lung

Endobronchial obstruction is a known cause of an unexpandable lung. Endobronchial lesions are usually malignant, however benign cause like hemartoma, lipoma, amyloidosis and neuroendocrine tumors are known. We, hereby present the rare cause of bronchial elastosis presenting as right lower lobe lung collapse.