cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Centrifugal distortion effects in the rotational spectrum of seleninyl fluoride

The microwave rotational spectrum of seleninyl fluoride was first observed by Bowater et al. [l] . Using the transition frequencies of 80SeOF, and “SeOF, these authors obtained the molecular structure of the molecule. Later they [2] extended their observations to *‘Se’*OFZ and %k?OFz in order to determine a more reliable geometry and the dipole moment. The rigid rotator model was used for the calculation of molecular parameters. However, it is now known that this model is not sufficient to explain the observed spectrum particularly at higher rotational quantum numbers. In the present study the centrifugal distortion effect has been included which successfully accounts for the observed spectrum of SeOF, . Seleninyl fluoride is a near-oblate symmetric top molecule with dipole moment components along the a and caxes, thus only aand c-type dipole transitions are allowed. The spectra comprise 20 s”SeOFz and 18 %eOFz transitions. The observed transition frequencies of these two species were fitted to Watson’s [ 31 energy expression
Current status of the upgraded DIII-D real-time digital plasma control system

This paper presents the latest status of the DIII-D real-time digital plasma control system (PCS). The primary focus will be on the new computing and data acquisition hardware recently incorporated into the PCS and the added features provided by the new hardware. The upgrade of the PCS real-time computing and data acquisition hardware has been in progress for the past three and a half years. Since the initial proposal to migrate off of the old versa module europa bus standard (VME) i860 based system to more modern computing hardware, the PCS has seen a number of changes and improvements occurring in several planned phases. The final phase of the upgrade was successfully completed earlier this year. This phase included the complete removal of the i860 computers and Traq digitizer hardware and the incorporation of high performance Intel peripheral component interconnect (PCI) based computers fitted with 32 Channel PCI digitizers from D-TACQ corporation. Distinguishing features of the completed PCS upgrade include a custom real-time data acquisition and control solution based on the Linux Intel computing platform and a scaleable multi CPU parallel processing architecture connected by a two gigabit per second Myrinet network. Among the many improvements resulting from the upgrade are the higher computing performance (factor 20 over the previous system), connectivity to remote DIII-D diagnostics through Myrinet fiber optic links and plasma diagnostic data displayed in real-time on digital oscilloscopes.
Successful endovascular treatment of three fusiform cerebral aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device in a patient with dilating HIV vasculopathy

Dilating HIV vasculopathy can be a cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients with HIV. Although first identified in children, this condition is increasingly being recognized in adults and has a dismal natural history under medical or expectant management. Vessel wall invasion by varicella zoster virus, HIV or Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAI) has been postulated as a possible etiology. We present a case of an adult patient with HIV and chronic disseminated MAI infection who presented with ischemic stroke and three fusiform cerebral aneurysms that were successfully treated with the pipeline embolization device (PED). Flow diversion may be a viable treatment option for patients presenting with this serious neurovascular condition when aneurysm location precludes parent vessel sacrifice or surgical bypass. In addition, platelet function testing with VerifyNow may be valuable in selecting the appropriate P2Y12 receptor antagonist to be used in order to prevent PED thrombosis, since some of the antiretroviral drugs may inhibit clopidogrel or prasugrel metabolism.
Using pharmacists to optimize patient outcomes and costs in the ED

Participation of hospital clinical pharmacists in the care of inpatients is widespread, often encouraged by the dicta promulgated by regulatory bodies. For years, clinical pharmacists have ventured out of the pharmacy to participate in rounds and, otherwise, in the care of patients on hospital floors and in intensive care units. In fact, it has been well documented in many research studies published in the last 20 years that having pharmacists prospectively involved with orders generates significant cost savings for the hospital and benefit to patients. Until recently, the emergency department (ED) seemed to be a hectic environment that would be inhospitable to the careful, meticulous, and usually deliberate process of many clinical pharmacists. The potential benefits were recognized, but the pace and costs seemed prohibitive. The addition of pharmacists in the ED has reduced medication errors and provided numerous other benefits that will be discussed in this article. We will show that recent data indicate that using an ED clinical pharmacist promotes patient safety and is cost-effective.
Dynamic mechanical properties of polystyrene, polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene at low temperatures

A study of the dynamic mechanical properties of several high polymers has been made over a temperature range from 80°K. to above room temperatures and at frequencies in the range from 200 to 4000 cps. For amorphous polymers such as polystyrene the mechanicalloss rises sharply in the neighborhood of 80°C. but over the rest of the temperature range studied exhibits no relaxation peaks. For partly crystalline polymers such as polymethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and nylon the loss curve exhibits one or more definite internal friction peaks in the temperature range studied. The observed relaxation behavior is discussed in terms of possible molecular mechanisms and the results correlated with specific heat measurements and other mechanical loss measurements where such data are available.
Frequent alteration of CDKN2 (p16(INK4A)/MTS1) expression in human primary prostate carcinomas

CDKN2 (p16(INK4A)/MTS1) is found to be mutated in a variety of human tumor types. To explore the involvement of CDKN2 in prostate carcinogenesis, alterations of CDKN2 were examined in 116 human prostate tissues and cell lines and xenografts. Markedly reduced expression of CDKN2 mRNA was found in 43% (26 of 60) of untreated primary carcinomas, whereas no alteration was observed in 10 benign prostatic hyperplasias. In 17 matched sets from individual patients, 41% of cancerous tissues in contrast to 6% of noncancerous tissues expressed low levels of CDKN2 mRNA, supporting the role of CDKN2 as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Alteration of CDKN2 was observed in each prostate tumor cell line, including one with a missense mutation, and in one of three xenograft tumor tissues derived from primary carcinomas. Two cell lines (PC-3 and TSU-Pr1) expressed only CDKN2 E1beta transcripts, indicating that the expression of CDKN2 E1alpha and E1beta are under separate control in the prostate. A high level of CDKN2 expression was related to abnormal RB1 in one primary tumor and in the DU145 cell line, which expressed the mutated CDKN2 allele. Analysis of genomic DNA indicated that altered CDKN2 expression in primary carcinomas of the prostate was more frequently due to down-regulation of transcription (five of seven) than deletion of the gene (two of seven). Additionally, CDKN2 mRNA was induced in nonexpressor cell lines by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. This study demonstrates that alteration of CDKN2 is one of the most frequent genetic abnormalities in prostate cancer and may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis.
Multiple melatonin target tissues mediate termination of photorefractoriness by long day lengths in Siberian hamsters.

The development of refractoriness to the short-day melatonin rhythm in mid-winter triggers recrudescence of the photoinhibited reproductive system of many rodents. As a result, over-wintering animals attain reproductive competence prior to the onset of spring conditions that favor successful reproduction. While in the photorefractory state, hamsters are insensitive to short day lengths and the associated long-duration melatonin rhythm. Prior to regaining sensitivity to short day length inhibition of reproduction, hamsters must first be exposed to 10 to 12 weeks of long, summer-like day lengths and the associated short-duration melatonin rhythm. The neural melatonin target tissues that mediate the breaking of photorefractoriness by long day lengths have not been identified. Long day length information is thought to be communicated to the reproductive axis through the actions of melatonin at the reuniens nucleus of the thalamus (NRe) and the SCN of the hypothalamus. The authors report that the SCN and the N...
Visual annotation of the gene database

The genes in NCBI databases are currently annotated with itemized text (Gene Reference Into Function, or GeneRIF). A previous work suggests that the visual presentation can be more effective when time and space are under heavy constraints. Here we report a novel annotation of the genome information using Web 2.0 technologies: GeneGIF (Gene Graphics Into Function). The users can quickly scan through important functions of each gene from a graph, and then go to detailed pages when they find interesting annotations. The modular implementation makes it easily pluggable into other widely used databases without reprogramming. Similar approaches are being developed to incorporate information to other types of genomics and proteomics databases.
RHIC status and plans

RHIC is the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent rings. It is designed to operate over a wide range of beam energies and with particle species ranging from polarized protons to heavy ions. Machine operation and performance will be reviewed that includes gold-on-gold collisions at design beam energy (100 GeV/u), first high energy polarized proton-proton collisions (100 GeV on 100 GeV) as well as first asymmetric operation of RHIC to produce deuteron-on-gold collisions. Plans for future luminosity upgrades will also be presented.
Exploiting Hierarchical Parallelism Using UPC

High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems are increasingly moving towards an architecture that is deeply hierarchical. However, the execution model with single-level parallelism embodied in legacy parallel programming models falls short in exploiting the multi-level parallelism opportunities in both hardware architectures and applications. This makes the use of richer execution models imperative in order to fully exploit hierarchical parallelism. Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages such as Unified Parallel C (UPC) are growing in popularity because of their ability to provide a globally shared address space with locality awareness. While UPC provides a welcome improvement over message passing libraries, users still program with a single level of parallelism in the context of SPMD. In this paper, we explore two explicit hierarchical programming approaches based on UPC to improve programmability and performance on hierarchical architectures. The first approach orchestrates computations on multiple sets of thread groups, the second approach extends UPC with nested, shared memory multi-threading. This paper presents a detailed description of proposed approaches and demonstrates their effectiveness in the context of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks and the Unbalanced Tree Search (UTS). Experimental results indicate that the hierarchical model not only provides greater expressive power but also enhances performance, all three benchmarks exceed the performance of the standard UPC implementations after being incrementally enhanced with hierarchical parallelism.
Topotecan in patients with BRCA-associated and sporadic platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of topoisomerase I inhibitor, topotecan, in patients with recurrent BRCA+ versus BRCA− ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinomas.
Spatial Transformations in the Withdrawal Response of the Tail in Intact and Spinalized Rats

Previous studies of spatial transformations between sensory input and motor output in escape responses have suggested two alternative patterns of spatial integration. The continuous pattern corresponds to withdrawal movements directed 180° away from the location of the stimulus, whereas the categorical pattern corresponds to movements that are biased toward a limited number of preferred directions. The goal of these experiments was to determine which pattern best describes the tail withdrawal response in spinalized and intact rats by applying pinpoint heat stimuli at eight points distributed circumferentially around the tail and measuring the direction and speed of the resulting withdrawal response. Our results are consistent with a novel, hybrid continuous-categorical movement strategy. In the spinalized animal, responses were primarily away from the stimulus (the continuous component) but exhibited a pronounced ventral bias (the categorical component). In addition, stimuli delivered to the ventral surface, which would be expected to evoke a dorsally directed response (opposite to the preferred ventral direction), instead evoked responses that were markedly variable and clustered in the left and right directions. Intact rats showed a similar pattern of response, except reversed; the bias was in the dorsal direction, and the response to dorsal stimulation was now highly variable and lateral in direction. These results reveal a complex tail withdrawal strategy that is modulated by descending supraspinal pathways to adapt the response to the biomechanical and environmental constraints imposed on movement of the rat tail.
Increased Atherogenesis during Streptococcus mutans Infection in ApoE-null Mice

Streptococcus mutans, a dental caries pathogen, also causes endocarditis and is detected in atheroscelerotic plaque. We investigated the potential for an invasive strain of S. mutans, OMZ175, to accelerate plaque growth in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE(null)) mice without and with balloon angioplasty (BA) injury, a model of restenosis. ApoE(null) mice were divided into 4 groups (N = 10), 2 with and 2 without BA. One each of the BA and non-BA groups was infected with S. mutans (Sm). S. mutans DNA, plaque area, inflammatory cell invasion, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression were measured at 6-20 weeks post-infection. S. mutans genomic DNA was detected in the aorta, liver, spleen, and heart. Plaque growth was significantly increased in infected mice with BA (Sm+BA) vs. those in the non-infected groups (p < 0.03). Plaque size was increased after infection without BA (Sm), but did not reach significance. Aortic specimens from both S. mutans and Sm+BA groups displayed increased numbers of macrophages, and TLR4 expression was increased in BA mice. In conclusion, S. mutans infection accelerated plaque growth, macrophage invasion, and TLR4 expression after angioplasty. S. mutans may also be associated with atherosclerotic plaque growth in non-injured arteries.
X-ray diffraction study of K3NdSi7O17: a new framework silicate with a linear Si—O—Si bond

Hydrothermal investigations in the high-silica region of the K2O–Nd2O3–SiO2 system, carried out in a search for novel fast-ion conductors (FICs), yielded the new compound tripotassium neodymium heptasilicate, K3NdSi7O17. Single-crystal X-ray methods revealed that K3NdSi7O17 crystallizes in space group P\bar 3, has lattice constants a = 16.131 (2) and c = 7.7146 (19) A, Z = 4, and 22 atoms in the asymmetric unit. Refinement was carried out to a residual, R(F), of 0.0253 and a weighted residual, wR(F2), of 0.0702 using anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms. The silicate anion forms an interrupted framework, within which both Nd octahedra and K polyhedra are situated. The structure is unusual in that it contains a symmetry-constrained Si—O—Si bond angle of 180°. No isomorphs to K3NdSi7O17 are known.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for glioblastoma: retrospective analysis.

This retrospective study was done to better understand the conditions for which stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for glioblastoma may be efficacious. Between 2000 and 2007, 33 patients with a pathological diagnosis of glioblastoma received SRS with the Novalis® Shaped Beam Radiosurgery system. Eighteen patients (54%) underwent salvage SRS for recurrence while 15 (45%) patients received upfront SRS following standard fractionated RT for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. There were no RTOG grade >2 acute side effects. The median survival after SRS was 6.7 months (range 1.4 – 74.7). There was no significant difference in overall survival (from the time of initial diagnosis) with respect to the timing of SRS (p = 0.2). There was significantly better progression free survival in patients treated with SRS as consolidation versus at the time of recurrence (p = 0.04). The majority of patients failed within or at the margin of the SRS treatment volume (21/26 evaluable for recurrence). SRS is well tolerated in the treatment of glioblastoma. As there was no difference in survival whether SRS is delivered upfront or at recurrence, the treatment for each patient should be individualized. Future studies are needed to identify patients most likely to respond to SRS.
Remote users in our midst: Insights from the archival metrics project

Are there any differences between in-person and remote users of archives? This paper addresses this question through the development and testing of two survey instruments intended to help archivists conduct user evaluations of their online resources. The surveys are part of a larger toolkit developed by the Archival Metrics project consisting of five assessment instruments to help archivists evaluate the services and resources they provide to researchers. This paper focuses on the two sampling methods developed by the Archival Metrics team to elicit responses to the online surveys and the resulting differences between on-site researchers and online users.
Recurrent neural networks and time series prediction

Uses a parametric statistical framework to understand the effect of input representation on performance for nonlinear prediction of time series. In particular, considerations of input representation lead directly to choices between feedforward and recurrent neural networks. It is shown that feedforward networks are nonlinear autoregressive models and that recurrent networks can model a larger class of processes, including nonlinear autoregressive moving average models. For some processes, feedback allows recurrent networks to achieve better predictions than can be made with a feedforward network with a finite number of inputs. The results are confirmed on a problem in power system regional load forecasting. >
Molecular clocks and the human condition: approaching their characterization in human physiology and disease

Molecular clockworks knit together diverse biological networks and compelling evidence from model systems infers their importance in metabolism, immunological and cardiovascular function. Despite this and the diurnal variation in many aspects of human physiology and the phenotypic expression of disease, our understanding of the role and importance of clock function and dysfunction in humans is modest. There are tantalizing hints of connection across the translational divide and some correlative evidence of gene variation and human disease but most of what we know derives from forced desynchrony protocols in controlled environments. We now have the ability to monitor quantitatively ex vivo or in vivo the genome, metabolome, proteome and microbiome of humans in the wild. Combining this capability, with the power of mobile telephony and the evolution of remote sensing, affords a new opportunity for deep phenotyping, including the characterization of diurnal behaviour and the assessment of the impact of the clock on approved drug function.
Responding to Online Reviews Problem Solving and Engagement in Hotels

Using online reviews in the co-creation of the service experience remains an attractive but elusive goal, based on case studies of how four high-end hotels in the western United States respond to c...
The elastic constants for single-crystal bismuth and tin from room temperature to the melting point

Abstract The six adiabatic elastic stiffness constants of bismuth and tin have been determined over a range of temperatures extending from room temperature to the melting point. These constants were computed from measurements of the ultrasonic wave velocity in high-purity, single crystal specimens. The constants for bismuth at the melting point are C 11 = 56·l C 13 = 24·2 C 14 = 60 C 33 = 34·9 C 44 = 90 C 66 = 16·1 in units of 10 10 dynes/cm 2 . The constants for tin at the melting point (in the same units) are C 11 = 61·3 C 12 = 38·5 C 13 = 38·0 C 33 = 75·6 C 44 = 16·9 C 66 = 19·0. Multiple specimen orientations allowed several solutions for the implicit constants for bismuth C 13 and C 14 , and for tin, C 12 and C 13 .
Quenches in the Superconducting Magnet Cello

The superconducting magnet CELLO was tested with currents up to 3200 A at Saclay and has been installed at DESY in Hamburg where it will be used for particle physics experiments requiring colliding beams of electrons and positrons. The testing of this unique, large, one-layer solenoid provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the theory of quench propagation under adiabatic conditions, that is, in a coil in which the conductors are not in direct contact with helium. In an early test of this coil, quenches occurred as a result of a broken conductor. This report describes the quenches that occurred, gives the details of the damaged conductor, and includes an analysis of the quenches. Observed axial quench velocities are compared to the calculated values based on both measurements and calculations of the thermal conductivity of the fabricated coil. The coil and conductor dimensions and characteristics are given in Table I The coil and conductor are shown in Fig. 1, and a complete description can be found elsewhere[1].
Evaluation of extracellular matrix proteins and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 on bovine inner cell mass outgrowth in vitro

Abstract Effects of extracellular matrix proteins and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) on bovine inner cell mass (ICM) outgrowth and proteinase production in vitro were determined. Inner cell masses were isolated immunosurgically from day 7 embryos (day 0 = onset of estrus) and cultured for 96 h. In experiment 1, cellular outgrowth and gelatinase production were evaluated for ICM cultured on collagen IV, fibronectin, or laminin. More (P 0.10) to fibronectin except at 72 h of culture, where more (P < 0.05) cells were in laminin than in fibronectin outgrowths. Gelatinase activity was not detected in conditioned medium...
The Theory of Direct Nuclear Knock-out Reactions

The general formalIsm of dIrect nuclear reactions at mtermedlate energIes IS developed on the assumptIOn that the reactIOn proceeds via a knock-out mechanIsm Takmg the example of an (a, N) reactIOn, where N stands for a spm ! partIcle whose structure can be neglected, calculatIOns are carned out m the dIstorted wave Born approxImatIOn The effects of the spm-dependent dIstortIOns m the mItral and final states appear m radIal wave functIOns and phase shIfts A finIte-range, spin-mdependent dIrect Interaction between a and N IS used ExplICIt formulas are obtaIned for the dIfferentIal cross sectIOn, tne,' polanzatIOn and the angular correlatIOn between the emItted partIcles and r-rays from subsequent decay of the final nucleus Several specIal cases are treated, such as S-state to S-state tranSItIons, and the sImplIficatIOns whIch occur for a zero-range dIrect interaction are conSIdered The applIcabIlIty of the present theory to vanous types of nuclear reactIOns IS dIscussed and ItS pOSSIble utIhty In studYIng the nuclear reactIon mechanIsm, the cluster structure of nucleI, and the nature of the nuclegr surface IS pomted out.
Image, polar, and geosynchronous observations of substorm and ring current ion injection

The geomagnetic storm of October 4-6, 2000 provides an exceptionally good opportunity to examine the role of substorms during the storm because of the relatively moderate solar wind driving and because of the excellent set of satellite observations. We show that the entire day of October 4 was characterized a sequence of substorms and a gradual build-up of the storm-time ring current. We examined one of those substorms in some detail showing that it had the expected signatures of a magnetospheric substorm. ENA observations and in situ measurements show that the substorms clearly do provide a mechanism for transporting energetic ions from the magnetotail to the inner magnetosphere. Substorm injections do not, however, provide the only mechanism. As other studies have suggested, the evidence from this storm shows that the presence of a quasi-steady convection electric field plays an additional important role. This is seen through the comparison of Dst which decreases slowly and smoothly over nearly 10 hours with geosynchronous particle injections which occur impulsively at roughly 2-hour intervals producing a sawtooth injection profile. Further evidence comes from ENA observations that show both impulsive injection during substorms and continued intensification and eastward expansion in response to convection electric fields. We also investigate the transport and symmetry of the ring current particles. We find that, even more than 10-hours into the storm when Dst had decreased below -100 nT and at least five clear substorm injections had occurred, the ring current remained highly asymmetric with essentially no ENA emissions from the dawn-to-noon sector. We also find that Dst, SYM-H, and ASY-H all respond approximately equally in spite of the fact that there is apparently no symmetric component to the ring current until later in the storm.
Transmitter adaptation algorithm for multicellular synchronous DS-CDMA systems with multipath

A procedure for the design of complex sequence/signature sets for a multicell system under synchronous multipath transmission is presented. The optimization criterion is the total weighted square correlation (TWSC) that incorporates transmission power and channel impulse response values. By solving an inverse eigenvalue problem related to block structured matrices, the bandwidth of initial generalized Welch bound equality signals is preserved in the extended signal space associated to multiple cell system. Numerical results for overloaded uplink multicellular direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems are presented in order to support our analysis.
Aging-aware Adaptive Voltage Scaling in 22nm high-K/metal-gate tri-gate CMOS

Aging-aware Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS) can eliminate conventional flat voltage guard band typically added to intrinsic chip V CC to account for transistor aging, therefore reducing power consumption throughout the lifetime of the chip. Aging-aware AVS applied to a Tunable Replica Circuit (TRC) built in a 22nm test chip demonstrates a measured power reduction of a maximum of ∼7% at beginning of life and a minimum of ∼2% at end of life.
The Relationship between Use of Humor by Leaders and R&D Employee Innovative Behavior: Evidence from Taiwan

Leadership has been found to affect individual and organizational innovation. Use of humor is a characteristic of leadership, and has been identified as a moderator of leadership style and individual or unit-level performance. Yet, the link between use of humor by leaders and employee innovative behavior has not been examined. This study examines the relationships between use of humor by leaders, employee communication, group cohesiveness, and employee innovative behavior, using a survey of 239 employees of R&D departments in 31 of Taiwan's manufacturing firms. Results indicate that the use of humor by leaders made a significant positive contribution to employee innovative behavior. These relationships were mediated by both employee communication and group cohesiveness. Research and managerial implications are also discussed.
Data requirements for calibration of photovoltaic system models using monitored system data

Performance models for photovoltaic modules are traditionally calibrated from measurements of module output under carefully controlled indoor or outdoor conditions. Recently Sandia National Laboratories has published methods to obtain performance model parameters from measured output of modules outdoors on fixed tilt racks. Here we investigate the dependence of a model's prediction accuracy on the amount of data used to calibrate the model's parameters. We find that performance models with acceptable accuracy can be obtained from relatively limited data sets.
ARM Processes and Their Modeling and Forecasting Methodology

The class of ARM (Autoregressive Modular) processes is a class of stochastic processes, defined by a nonlinear autoregressive scheme with modulo-1 reduction and additional transformations. ARM processes constitute a versatile class designed to produce high-fidelity models from stationary empirical time series by fitting a strong statistical signature consisting of the empirical marginal distribution (histogram) and the empirical autocorrelation function. More specifically, fitted ARM processes guarantee the matching of arbitrary empirical distributions, and simultaneously permit the approximation of the leading empirical autocorrelations. Additionally, simulated sample paths of ARM models often resemble the data to which they were fitted. Thus, ARM processes aim to provide both a quantitative and qualitative fit to empirical data. Fitted ARM models can be used in two ways: (1) to generate realistic-looking Monte Carlo sample paths (e.g., financial scenarios), and (2) to forecast via point estimates as well as confidence intervals. This chapter starts with a high-level discussion of stochastic model fitting and explains the fitting approach that motivates the introduction of ARM processes. It then continues with a review of ARM processes and their fundamental properties, including their construction, transition structure, and autocorrelation structure. Next, the chapter proceeds to outline the ARM modeling methodology by describing the key steps in fitting an ARM model to empirical data. It then describes in some detail the ARM forecasting methodology, and the computation of the conditional expectations that serve as point estimates (forecasts of future values) and their underlying conditional distributions from which confidence intervals are constructed for the point estimates. Finally, the chapter concludes with an illustration of the efficacy of the ARM modeling and forecasting methodologies through an example utilizing a sample from the S&P 500 Index.
Why is Pigou Sometimes Wrong? Explaining How Distortionary Taxation Can Cause Public Spending to Exceed the Efficient Level

When a public good is financed by a proportional tax, the price distortion increases the marginal cost of the public good above its resource cost. Pigou (1928) conjectured that the higher cost lowers the second-best public good level below the first-best level. I explain why this conjecture is sometimes false. In particular, if the public good is financed by a commodity tax, the price distortion normally raises the marginal benefit, and I provide an example in which the increased benefit dominates the increased cost; the second-best public good level lies above the first-best level. In contrast, if the public good is financed by a wage tax and leisure is a normal good, the price distortion lowers the marginal benefit; if the wage elasticity is positive, the second-best public good level lies below the first-best level.
Modeling carbon monoxide spread in underground mine fires

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of mine fire fatalities in underground mines. To reduce the hazard of CO poisoning in underground mines, it is important to accurately predict the spread of CO in underground mine entries when a fire occurs. This paper presents a study on modeling CO spread in underground mine fires using both the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the MFIRE programs. The FDS model simulating part of the mine ventilation network was calibrated using CO concentration data from full-scale mine fire tests. The model was then used to investigate the effect of airflow leakage on CO concentration reduction in the mine entries. The inflow of fresh air at the leakage location was found to cause significant CO reduction. MFIRE simulation was conducted to predict the CO spread in the entire mine ventilation network using both a constant heat release rate and a dynamic fire source created from FDS. The results from both FDS and MFIRE simulations are compared and the implications of the improved MFIRE capability are discussed.
Factors in the Metal Doping of BiVO4 for Improved Photoelectrocatalytic Activity as Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and First-Principles Density-Functional Calculation

Metal doping of the metal oxide photoelectrocatalyst, BiVO4, dramatically increases its activity for water oxidation. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to screen various dopants for their photoelectrochemical performance and to optimize the used dopant material concentrations with this photocatalyst. For example, adding Mo to W-doped BiVO4 enhanced the performance. The photocatalytic activity was examined on larger electrodes by means of photoelectrochemical and electrochemical measurements. The developed photoelectrocatalyst, W- and Mo-doped BiVO4, shows a photocurrent for water oxidation that is more than 10 times higher than undoped BiVO4. Factors that affect performance are discussed, and enhanced separation of excited electron–hole pairs by doping onto the semiconductor is suggested by first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Distortion of the crystal structure of monoclinic scheelite-like BiVO4 by addition of W and Mo doping predicted by DFT is also revealed b...
AN AMENDED DESCRIPTION OF TREMATOSPHAERIA

An amended description of Trematosphaeria is proposed, a generitype specimen is selected, and an anamorph connection reassessed. Five species of Trematosphaeria are de? scribed and presented in a key: T. pertusa, T. confusa, T. hydrela, T. mangrovis, and T. cariosa. Trematosphaeria heterospora is transferred to Phaeosphaeria and the teleomorph and an anamorph are described. The anamorph of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is described; it does not belong to Aposphaeria. Trematosphaeria Fuckel is common to a century of taxonomic works on the Ascomycetes. Repeatedly, the generic distinctiveness of Trematosphaeria has been described and outlined in taxonomic keys, i.e., Saccardo (1883), Winter (1885), Lindau (1897), Luttrell (1973), Von Arx and Miiller (1975), and over sixty fungal taxonomists have determined that their new or transferred species belonged to Trematosphaeria. Yet, synonymy of Trematosphaeria with Melanomma Fuckel has been proposed, though rarely practiced (Winter, 1885; Berlese, 1891; Samuels and Miiller, 1979), and of late, the species named in Trematosphaeria have been regarded as an unnatural grouping (Holm, 1957; Munk, 1957; Boise, 1984). I (Boise, 1984) surveyed eighty-two species named in Trematosphaeria or described to be Trematosphaeria-like and found that most of these species do not meet the fundamental criteria for membership in Trematosphaeria that can be inferred from its higher taxa, that is, the characteristics ofthe Melanommataceae, Melanommatales, Loculoascomycetes (Barr, 1979). Excluded species are discussed in other work (Boise, 1983,1984). In this report, I present a description of Trema? tosphaeria that is consistent with, but more elaborate than FuckePs (1870) protologue and conforms with modern classification of higher taxa of Loculoasco? mycetes. A generitype specimen is selected, five species of Trematosphaeria are described, and an anamorph connection is reassessed. SPECIMEN TYPIFICATION
Utilizing Redox-Mediated Bergman Cyclization toward the Development of Dual-Action Metalloenediyne Therapeutics

Reaction of 2 equiv of 1,2-bis((diphenylphosphino)ethynyl)benzene (dppeb, 1) with Pt(cod)Cl2 followed by treatment with N2H4 yields the reduced Pt(0) metalloenediyne, Pt(dppeb)2, 2. This complex is stable to both air oxidation and metal-mediated Bergman cyclization under ambient conditions due to the nearly idealized tetrahedral geometry. Reaction of 2 with 1 equiv of I2 in the presence of excess 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) radical trap rapidly and near-quantitatively generates the cis-Bergman-cyclized, diiodo product 3 ((31)P: δ = 41 ppm, J(Pt-P) = 3346 Hz) with concomitant loss of 1 equiv of uncyclized phosphine chelate ((31)P: δ = -33 ppm). In contrast, addition of 2 equiv of I2 in the absence of additional radical trap instantaneously forms a metastable Pt(dppeb)2(2+) intermediate species, 4, that is characterized by δ = 51 ppm in the (31)P NMR (J(Pt-P) = 3171 Hz) and ν(C≡C) = 2169 cm(-1) in the Raman profile, indicating that it is an uncyclized, bis-ligated complex. Over 24 h, 4 undergoes ligand exchange to form a neutral, square planar complex that spontaneously Bergman cyclizes at ambient temperature to give the crystalline product Pt(dppnap-I2)I2 (dppnap-I2 = (1,4-diiodonaphthalene-2,3-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)), 5, in 52% isolated yield. Computational analysis of the oxidation reaction proposes two plausible flattened tetrahedral structures for intermediate 4: one where the phosphine core has migrated to a trans-spanning chelate geometry, and a second, higher energy structure (3.3 kcal/mol) with two cis-chelating phosphine ligands (41° dihedral angle) via a restricted alkyne-terminal starting point. While the energies are disparate, the common theme in both structures is the elongated Pt-P bond lengths (>2.4 A), indicating that nucleophilic ligand substitution by I(-) is on the reaction trajectory to the cyclized product 5. The efficiency of the redox-mediated Bergman cyclization reaction of this stable Pt(0) metalloenediyne prodrug and resulting cisplatin-like byproduct represents an intriguing new strategy for potential dual-threat metalloenediyne therapeutics.
A Method of Recovering Eggs of the Western Corn Rootworm from the Soil

A method was devised for the recovery of eggs of the the upper screen and washed through onto the lower western corn root worm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte , from screen. The eggs are retained on the lower screen along soil. The apparatus devised consists of 2 removable screens with a small amount of soil residue. This material is of different sizes, one suspended over the other on a retransferred to black strainer cloth and visually inspected volving shaft. Soil samples containing eggs are placed on to determine the number of eggs present.
Disscussion on the application of out-patient drug management system in our hospital

As an essential sub-module of Hospital Information System(HIS),Drug Management Module plays a very important role in hospital operation.Therefore,this article introduces the functions,merits and faults of our hospital's Drug Management Module,which come from our practical operation in past four years.Furthermore,make some useful suggestions to improve the efficiency and stabilization of the DMM.
Is marriage a buzzkill? A twin study of marital status and alcohol consumption

Married adults have consistently been found to drink less than their single or divorced counterparts. This correlation may not be causal, however, as people nonrandomly "select" into marriage and into alcohol use. The current study uses a sample of 2,425 same-sex twin pairs (1,703 MZ; 722 DZ) to control for genetic and shared environmental selection, thereby eliminating a great many third variable, alternative explanations to the hypothesis that marriage causes less drinking. Married twins were compared with their single, divorced, and cohabiting cotwins on drinking frequency and quantity. Married cotwins consumed fewer alcoholic beverages than their single or divorced cotwins, and drank less frequently than their single cotwins. Alcohol use patterns did not differ among married and cohabiting twins. These findings provide strong evidence that intimate relationships cause a decline in alcohol consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record
CIRCULAR DICHROISM PROBES OF HEMOGLOBIN STRUCTURE

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique which is highly sensitive to stereochemical details of protein structure. CD has been used to probe three different levels of structure in normal and abnormal hemoglobins: (a) the folding of the polypeptide chain, which is reflected in the CD below 250 nm; (b) the environment of aromatic side-chains, as seen in the 280 nm region; (c) the environment of the heme, which affects the CD bands in the near infrared, visible and near ultraviolet. Of these, the latter two have proven most useful in probing conformational changes in hemoglobin. For example, Perutz and co-workers have used a band near 285 nm as an indicator of R vs. T conformation. Correlations have also been suggested between quaternary structure and the CD of the Soret band. These correlations are critically discussed in the light of experimental and theoretical CD studies. CD studies of abnormal hemoglobins are reviewed and the potential for further work indicated.
“Turning Japanese”: Deconstructive Criticism of White Women, the Western Imagination, and Popular Music

Singers Katy Perry and Avril Lavigne are among the most recent White women performers to appropriate Japanese femininity. In Perry's November 2013 performance of “Unconditionally,” she used Orientalist imagery of premodern Japan, and in Lavigne's 2014 single “Hello Kitty,” she used techno-Orientalist imagery of Harajuku street fashion, kawaii, and Japanese-as-cyborg. I argue that like White women performers, who performed Japanese femininity in the turn of the 20th century, Perry and Lavigne caricatured Japanese femininity as a hybrid costume to advance their own subjectivities. Yet, I also show through deconstructive criticism that their spectacular use of juxtaposition and excess creates “obtuse meanings” in which subversive meanings escape and opportunistically challenge the dominant meaning of the texts.
Synoptic Features Associated with Temporally Coherent Modes of Variability of the North Pacific Jet Stream

AbstractTime-extended EOF (TE-EOF) analysis is employed to examine the synoptic-scale evolution of the two leading modes of the North Pacific jet stream variability, namely, its zonal extension–retraction (TE-EOF 1) and the north–south shift of its exit region (TE-EOF 2). Use of the TE-EOF analysis enables a temporally coherent examination of the synoptic-scale evolution preceding and following peaks in each of the two leading modes that provides insight into the preferred evolutions of the North Pacific jet.Composite analyses are constructed based upon selecting peaks in the principal component time series of both phases of each TE-EOF whose magnitude exceeded 1.5 standard deviations. Jet extension events are associated with an anomalous cyclonic circulation over the Gulf of Alaska that induces a low-level warm anomaly over western North America. Jet retractions are associated with a nearly opposite configuration characterized by an anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the Aleutians and anomalous low-...
Impact of frailty on approach to colonic resection: Laparoscopy vs open surgery

AIM To understand the influence of frailty on postoperative outcomes for laparoscopic and open colectomy. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2012) for patients undergoing colon resection [open colectomy (OC) and laparoscopic colectomy (LC)]. Patients were classified as non-frail (0 points), low frailty (1 point), moderate frailty (2 points), and severe frailty (≥ 3) using the Modified Frailty Index. 30-d mortality and complications were used as the primary end point and analyzed for the overall population. Complications were grouped into major and minor. Subset analysis was performed for patients undergoing colectomy (total colectomy, partial colectomy and sigmoid colectomy) and separately for patients undergoing rectal surgery (abdominoperineal resection, low anterior resection, and proctocolectomy). We analyzed the data using SAS Platform JMP Pro version 10.0.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United States). RESULTS A total of 94811 patients were identified; the majority underwent OC (58.7%), were white (76.9%), and non-frail (44.8%). The median age was 61.3 years. Prolonged length of stay (LOS) occurred in 4.7%, and 30-d mortality was 2.28%. Patients undergoing OC were older (61.89 ± 15.31 vs 60.55 ± 14.93) and had a higher ASA score (48.3% ASA3 vs 57.7% ASA2 in the LC group) (P < 0.0001). Most patients were non-frail (42.5% OC vs 48% LC, P < 0.0001). Complications, prolonged LOS, and mortality were significantly more common in patients undergoing OC (P < 0.0001). OC had a higher risk of death and complications compared to LC for all frailty scores (non-frail: OR = 4.7, and OR = 4.67; mildly frail: OR = 2.51, and OR = 2.47; moderately frail: OR = 2.94, and OR = 2.02, severely frail: OR = 2.37, and OR = 2.34, P < 0.05) and an increase in absolute mortality with increasing frailty (non-frail 0.68% OC, mildly frail 1.39%, moderately frail 3.44%, and severely frail 5.83%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION LC is associated with improved outcomes. Although the odds of mortality are higher in non-frail, there is a progressive increase in mortality with increasing frailty.
Recent Overdose Experiences in a Community Sample of Military Veterans Who Use Opioids

Rising rates of overdose mortality underscore the importance of understanding and preventing overdose. We developed a seven-item scale for the assessment of nonfatal opioid-related overdose experie...
Punishment and the Wild Beast of Prey

Recent work on the philosophy of punishment was, as of the time of the writing of this paper in 1996, deeply unsatisfying. While the criminal law was expanding to include forfeitures where there had been no conviction and detention based on dangerousness, philosophers and legal commentators continued on as if the problem of punishment were some hothouse specimen, ignoring the jungle outside the window. In a world where the perception of dangerousness was leading to dangerous remedies, philosophers either turned a blind eye, insisting that the state can't restrict freedom except for a crime committed--in spite of the fact that the state does, and in some cases must, restrict freedom where there has been no crime at all--or else they defer that problem to another time. Since 1996 the progress in that direction has continued, though philosophers and legal theorists (Walen, Ferzan, Slobogin, Morse, Robinson and others) have begun to take steps to meet the challenge that preventive detention presents. This early paper set out some of the difficulties and some of the possible answers.
Assessment of Iron Status and the Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Premature Infants

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate iron deficiency in preterm infants and determine impact of blood transfusions on serum iron (SI) and ferritin (FTN). Study Design A prospective evaluation of baseline and weekly hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), SI, FTN levels in premature infants with birth weights (BWs) Results In 125 preterm infants, the mean Hgb, Hct, and SI levels at birth were lower for infants p = 0.013) and infants ≥ 34 weeks GA ( p = 0.007). FTN and SI values at 1 month were not significantly impacted by blood transfusions. Conclusion Infants