cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity, income, and parenting contexts of physical punishment in a national sample of families with young children.

Nearly half of U.S. parents use physical punishment for child discipline. Although some studies relate physical punishment and later dysfunction, others suggest that its effects depend on the context in which it is used. The authors analyzed data from the Commonwealth Fund Survey of Parents With Young Children, a national sample of 2,017 parents with children younger than 3. Parents reported their use of spanking, five other disciplinary practices, and four nurturing interactions. The authors used cluster analysis to define four groups of parents with distinct patterns of discipline and nurturing. Two groups with above-average use of spanking shared a high prevalence of parent depressive symptoms and a low level of nurturing but had markedly different demographic profiles and use of nonphysical punishment. Parents who used average levels of spanking made frequent use of nonphysical disciplinary strategies and had high levels of nurturing interactions. Parents who reported below-average spanking had relati...
A self-report measure of violence risk, II

A brief self-report scale designed to measure the risk of violence was developed. Scale scores were found to be significantly related to a history of violence, or violence as a reason for admission, in psychiatric inpatients. Internal reliability was found to be high. A group of psychiatric inpatients could be significantly discriminated from a normal group of individuals, both on total scale score as well as on each individual item. Sensitivity and specificity were also determined. The value of the scale is in its brevity, in its focus on overt behavior as well as feelings, and in the fact that it defines a profile of characteristics that have been found to be associated with violent behavior. It thus represents a useful tool for future research on human aggression.
Non-doppler shift of He II slow modes in a pressure released partially packed superleak

Abstract Pressure released bulk superfluid waves are not Doppler shifted by a persistent current in a superleak partially filling the channel.
674 CHOLINERGIC INFLUENCE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN PRETERM INFANTS

In healthy preterm infants, gastric acid is a barrier against bacterial colonization of the upper small bowel, and thus may decrease the risk of infection and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. We examined the effect of anticholinergic eyedrops on basal acid output (BAO) and pentagastrin-stimulated (6 μg/kg, s.c.) maximal acid output (MAO). Twenty infants ( age 6 ± 4 wk, weight 1.7 ± 0.2 kg, mean ± SD) were each studied by continuous aspiration of gastric contents for 2 hr on 2 consecutive days during a clinically indicated eye exam. On day 1 BAO was measured before and after eyedrops; on day 2 pentagastrin was given on 2 consecutive hr; eyedrops were administered with the second injection. Eyedrops were saline placebo (n=6), cyclopentolate (CPL) 0.25% (n=6), or CPL 0.5% (n=8). Results are the mean ± SEM. Overall BAO = 12 ± 2 μmole/kg/hr; MAO = 38 ± 5 μmole/kg/hr. There were not significant differences among the subgroups. BAO was not altered by placebo or CPL 0.25%, but decreased from 15 ± 3 to 4 ± 1 μmole/kg/hr following CPL 0.5% (p<0.01). MAO was unaffected by CPL, but acid and volume output were each decreased by 50% following the 2nd pentagastrin injection (p<0.01). Thus, in preterm infants 1) cholinergic mechanisms influence BAO, 2) anticholinergic eyedrops do not alter MAO, and 3) repeated injections of pentagastrin result in tachyphalaxis. Anticholinergic eyedrops may reduce the acid barrier against microorganisms. To avoid undesirable gastrointestinal effects in infants, CPL eyedrops must be limited to 0.25%.
Boundary-induced phase transitions in driven diffusive systems.

Steady states of driven lattice gases with open boundaries are investigated. Particles are red into the system at one edge, travel under the action of an external field, and leave the system at the opposite edge. Two types of phase transitions involving nonanalytic changes in the density profiles and the particle number fluctuation spectra are encountered upon varying the feeding rate and the particle interactions, and associated diverging length scales are identified. The principle governing the transitions is the tendency of the system to maximize the transported current.
Astrocyte response to perinatal liver disease, hyperammonemia, and hyperbilirubinemia: an immunohistochemical study.

Astrocytic reaction to perinatal brain damage, which is caused by hyperammonemia, liver disease, hyperbilirubinemia, and a few other conditions, was studied using immunohistochemical methods for the demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Mi found no increase in GFAP expression in those areas where Alzheimer II astrocytes usually proliferate. Diffuse astrocytic proliferation in the white matter and focal reaction in gray matter, which we ascribe to complicating factors, the foremost of which is anoxia, was found in many of the cases.
A Novel Treatment for Hypophonic Voice: Twang Therapy

Summary A hypophonic voice, characterized perceptually as weak and breathy, is associated with voice disorders such as vocal fold atrophy and unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Although voice therapy programs for hypophonia typically address the vocal folds or the sound source, twang voice quality was examined in this study as an alternative technique for increasing vocal power by altering the epilarynx or the sound filter. Objective: This study investigated the effect of twang production on physiologic, acoustic, and perceived voice handicap measures in speakers with hypophonia. Design/Methods: This prospective pilot study compared the vocal outcomes of six participants with hypophonia at pre- and posttreatment time points. Outcome measures included mean airflow rate, intensity in dB sound pressure level (SPL), maximum phonation time, and self-report of voice handicap. Results: All subjects improved in at least three of the four vocal outcome measures. Wilcoxon signed-rank test of paired differences revealed significant differences between pre- and posttherapy group means for airflow rate, SPL, and Voice Handicap Index scores. Conclusion: The twang voice quality as a manipulation of the sound filter offers a clinical complement to traditional voice therapies that primarily address the sound source.
Electrochemical Control of Stability and Restructuring Dynamics in Au−Ag−Au and Au−Cu−Au Bimetallic Atom-Scale Junctions

Metallic atom-scale junctions (ASJs) are interesting fundamentally because they support ballistic transport, characterized by conduction quantized in units of G0 = 2e2/h. They are also of potential practical interest since ASJ conductance is extraordinarily sensitive to molecular adsorption. Monometallic Au ASJs were previously fabricated electrochemically using an I−/I3− medium and a unique open working electrode configuration to produce slow electrodeposition or electrodissolution, resulting in reproducible ASJs with limiting conductance <5 G0. Here, bimetallic Au−Cu−Au and Au−Ag−Au ASJ structures are obtained by electrochemical deposition/dissolution of Cu and Ag in K2SO4 supporting electrolyte. The ASJs are fabricated in Si3N4-protected Au nanogaps obtained by focused ion beam milling, a protocol which yields repeatable and reproducible Au−Cu−Au or Au−Ag−Au ASJs without damaging the Au nanogap substrates. While Au−Ag−Au ASJs are relatively stable (hours) at open circuit potential in the supporting ele...
Dispersal of the Northern Fowl Mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and the Chicken Body Louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch), Among Thirty Strains of Egg-Type Hens in a Caged Laying House

Abstract From September 1978 through February 1979, dispersal of uncontrolled, naturally occurring populations of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and the chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzch) was studied on 30 strains of egg-type pullets reared to 20 weeks old on four growing rations before being housed for egg production. Hens representing all 30 strains and each of the four feeding regimens had mites. The northern fowl mite spread from initial infestations down the entire length of the house in 1 month; after four months, the chicken body louse had spread approximately two-thirds the length of a cage row in the house. Populations of the northern fowl mite increased from very light to extra heavy within 1 month and then began a slow decline.
NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease

At present, available treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are largely unable to halt disease progression. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, are strongly implicated in the pathology and progressively degenerative nature of AD. Specifically, microglia are activated in response to both β amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal damage, and can become a chronic source of neurotoxic cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex responsible for the production of both extracellular and intracellular ROS by microglia. Importantly, NADPH oxidase expression is upregulated in AD and is an essential component of microglia-mediated Aβ neurotoxicity. Activation of microglial NADPH oxidase causes neurotoxicity through two mechanisms: 1) extracellular ROS produced by microglia are directly toxic to neurons; 2) intracellular ROS function as a signaling mechanism in microglia to amplify the production of several pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1β). The following review describes how targeting NADPH oxidase can reduce a broad spectrum of toxic factors (for example, cytokines, ROS, and reactive nitrogen species) to result in inhibition of neuronal damage from two triggers of deleterious microglial activation (Aβ and neuron damage), offering hope in halting the progression of AD.
Socio-sexual olfactory preference in female mice: attractiveness of synthetic chemosignals.

Abstract Two sesquiterpenic compounds, E,E,-α-farnesene and E-β-farnesene, which were previously found as major constituents of the male mouse preputial glands, were tested for their attractiveness to female mice. Sexually naive and sexually experienced females were given the opportunity to choose between natural stimuli and synthetic analogs of preputial chemosignals. Naive females preferred investigating the odors of intact males' urine and synthetic farnesenes when spiked in high concentration in bladder urine or water over control stimulus (water or bladder urine alone). Investigatory preference was not observed when synthetic farnesenes were presented to naive females in low concentration, i.e., only twice the natural content in the dominant male urine. However, sexually experienced females were clearly able to recognize and prefer samples with synthetic farnesenes, even in low concentration. We suggest that those sesquiterpenic compounds may play a wide-ranging role in the female recognition of sexually mature and socially dominant males.
Management and evaluation of localized amyloidosis of the bladder : two case reports

Localized amyloidosis of the bladder is a rare cause of hematuria, which is often confused with bladder cancer. We present case histories of two patients which illustrate the evaluation and management of this entity. The diagnosis is usually made with biopsy and subsequent pathologic examination. Conservative management is attempted initially but must be individualized according to the clinical course of each patient. Transurethral resection will suffice in most instances but occasionally cystectomy is indicated to control local disease.
Design and characterization of wirebonds for use in high shock environments

MEMS inertial sensors, packaged in hermetic chip carriers, utilize free standing wirebonds to connect to the package I/O pads. Considerable care is taken in design of these wirebonds to balance impedances and minimize cross talk between excitation and readout channels. Many applications of MEMS inertial sensors require that they survive or operate in high acceleration or vibration environments. Any displacement of the wirebonds in these environments could adversely affect sensor bias and scale factor, or in extreme cases, cause sensor failure. Newer generations of high performance, navigation grade, inertial sensors are considerably larger than their predecessors and nearly fill the internal cavity of the chip carrier. Consequently, wirebond geometries can be highly constrained within these packages. Validating the wirebond design in an inertial sensor package, which is subject to a high-G environment, requires extensive testing on appropriate rail gun and shock table equipment. These tests are costly and equipment availability may be limited. It is also difficult to assess the sensitivity to variations in bond geometry or various bond defects using only physical testing. We are developing parameterized finite element models of wire bonds for use as tools to aid in design of sensor packages, and to guide the implementation of quality monitoring test and inspection requirements. Validation of the models is being done by subjecting well characterized wirebond configurations to air gun and drop table shock loads as well as conventional wire pull tests. We are also using a sensitive force gauge to measure the load required to displace a wire normal to the plane of its loop. Analytical expressions have also been developed for simple configurations, which serve as a check on both the finite element model and the experimental measurements.
Shotgun Proteomics Identifies Proteins Specific for Acute Renal Transplant Rejection

Acute rejection (AR) remains the primary risk factor for renal transplant outcome; development of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for AR is an unmet need. We used shotgun proteomics applying LC-MS/MS and ELISA to analyze a set of 92urine samples, from patients with AR, stable grafts (STA), proteinuria (NS), and healthy controls (HC). A total of 1446 urinary proteins were identified along with a number of NS specific, renal transplantation specific and AR specific proteins. Relative abundance of identified urinary proteins was measured by protein-level spectral counts adopting a weighted fold-change statistic, assigning increased weight for more frequently observed proteins. We have identified alterations in a number of specific urinary proteins in AR, primarily relating to MHC antigens, the complement cascade and extra-cellular matrix proteins. A subset of proteins (UMOD, SERPINF1 and CD44), have been further cross-validated by ELISA in an independent set of urine samples, for significant differences in the abundance of these urinary proteins in AR. This label-free, semi-quantitative approach for sampling the urinary proteome in normal and disease states provides a robust and sensitive method for detection of urinary proteins for serial, non-invasive clinical monitoring for graft rejection after kidney transplantation.
Cord entanglement of monochorionic diamniotic twins following spontaneous antepartum septostomy sonographically simulating a true knot of the umbilical cord

Spontaneous antepartum septostomy occurring in monochorionic diamniotic twins is extremely rare. We present a case in which prenatal sonography at 26 weeks' gestation depicted a monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation with concordant fetal growth and findings suggestive of a true knot of the umbilical cord. At Cesarean delivery at 34 weeks' gestation, spontaneous antepartum septostomy with entanglement of the two separate umbilical cords was noted. This case suggests that the differential diagnosis of findings considered consistent with a true knot of the umbilical cord in monochorionic diamniotic twin gestations, should include spontaneous antepartum septostomy and umbilical cord entanglement.
Skills for Communicating with Patients (2e)

By Silverman Jonathan., editor; , Kurtz Suzanne., editor; and Draper Juliet., editor. . Radcliffe Publishing Ltd; , 2004. , PB £27.95 , 262 pp Difficult Conversations in Medicine . ISBN 1‐85775‐640‐1
Fast recognition of multiple faces using MCM

In this paper we present the novel minimal classification method (MCM) that provides an elegant and computationally efficient approach to the problem of multiple face recognition. In the classification we use a special set of filters which yield low values of correlation with a given set of images and large values with other natural images. Such filters are called antifaces. The minimal classification method can efficiently recognize individual images from a large set of 2/sup K/ images using only k filter sets whereas other methods require much more classifiers. We use here antifaces, but the same approach can be implemented with other pattern recognition methods such as SVM or eigenfaces.
Perceived Needs of Adoptive and Biologic Parents

The perceived needs of adoptive and biologic parents were investigated by questionnaire in this exploratory, descriptive study. Fifteen adoptive and 15 biologic parents were surveyed about their perception of their informal, emotional, and judgment-developmental needs. Variables such as age, sex, numbers of other children, and the parents' feeling of preparedness for parenting were studied.Results of the study revealed that adoptive parents perceived fewer needs than biologic parents in all categories. Sex of the parent did not correlate with a specific category of need. Age of the parent was significant for adoptive parents. Number of other children correlated significantly for both groups. Previous child-care experience and perceived preparation for parenting correlated significantly for adoptive parents. Preparation for parenthood correlated significantly for both adoptive and biologic parents.
Dural and Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistulas: Diagnosis, Management, and Complications

Carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCSFs) are a rare entity occurring as a result of head trauma and also spontaneously. The major threat from these fistulas is loss of vision. The authors reviewed 18 cases of direct and dural CCSFs seen over the last 10 years and compared our results with 553 cases treated in the literature. Seventy-one percent of our patients with direct CCSFs had successful balloon embolization. In the literature, successful closure of direct CCSFs has ranged from 58 to 100%. As experience with embolization techniques broadens, morbidity and mortality is reduced. The clinical features, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic options, and complications of treatment of CCSFs are discussed.
Beyond 'Doing Gender': Incorporating Race, Class, Place, and Life Transitions into Feminist Drug Research

This essay draws from our research with US rural women methamphetamine users in 2009 to offer strategies for “revisioning” the drug use(r) field to better understand the impact of gender on drug use and drug market participation. We highlight the insights and limitations of a popular strategy in feminist research that conceptualizes gender as performance— commonly referred to as “doing gender”—using illustrations from our research. We encourage scholars to move beyond a primarily normative orientation in studying gender, and investigate gendered organizational features of social life including their intersections with other aspects of social inequality such as those of race, class, and place. In addition, we suggest that feminist scholars can integrate gender in a rigorous way into theoretical perspectives that are typically inattentive to its import, as a means of challenging, enriching, and refining research on drug use, drug users, and drug market participation.
Qualitative research: mapping an ongoing journey

In this personal essay, the author argues for a language-centered approach to qualitative research, with a focus on reconstructing the practices of those we study as reflexively constitutive of our social world.
Reducing synchronization overhead in parallel simulation

Synchronization is often the dominant cost in conservative parallel simulation, particularly in simulations of parallel computers, in which low-latency simulated communication requires frequent synchronization. We present and evaluate LOCAL BARRIERS and PREDICTIVE BARRIER SCHEDULING, two techniques for reducing synchronization overhead in the simulation of message-passing multicomputers. Local barriers use nearest-neighbor synchronization to reduce waiting time at synchronization points. Predictive barrier scheduling, a novel technique that schedules synchronizations using both compile-time and runtime analysis, reduces the frequency of synchronization operations. In contrast to other work in this area, both techniques reduce synchronization overhead without decreasing the accuracy of network simulation. These techniques were evaluated by comparing their performance to that of periodic global synchronization. Experiments show that local barriers improve performance by up to 24% for communication-bound applications, while predictive barrier scheduling improves performance by up to 65% for applications with long local computation phases. Because the two techniques are complementary, we advocate a combined approach. This work was done in the context of PARALLEL PROTEUS, a new parallel simulator of message-passing multicomputers.
Anatase TiO2 nanobelts with plasmonic Au decoration exhibiting efficient charge separation and enhanced activity

The impact of Au particle size on photoactivity of anatase TiO2 nanobelts (TNBs) has been studied. Anatase TNBs were obtained via a stirring-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and then decorated with Au nanoparticles. The aspect ratio of the TNBs was tailored by the stirring speed and the size of the Au nanoparticles was adjusted by sintering temperature. Evaluation of photoactivity via methylene blue degradation revealed superior activity of the Au-decorated TNBs than commercial P25 under both UV and visible light. 3-D finite difference time domain simulation was performed to investigate the electric-field amplification at the interface between the Au nanoparticles and TNBs as a result of local surface plasmon resonance effect. It was found that the TiO2/Au interface acted as a plasmonic enhancement center and was responsible for the photoactivity enhancement.
Stability of externalizing symptoms from kindergarten to first grade and factors related to instability

This research examines the frequency and stability of internalizing symptoms in a sample of 325 5-year-olds. Parent and teacher ratings, teacher nominations, parent-child interaction, and child measures were obtained. Of the sample, 4% were nominated as depressed by teachers. With the use of cutoff scores on teacher ratings, an average of 17% of the children were rated as having moderate problems on the internalizing scale in November and April of kindergarten, and in February of first grade. Parent-teacher stability correlations ranged from .24 to .27, while teacher ratings from November and April correlated at .60. Instability in internalizing symptoms from kindergarten to first grade was related to a number of concurrent and previously assessed factors, most notably, attention problems, reliance on mother, and child intelligence. These factors combined to account for an additional 8% of the variance in first grade internalizing symptoms after controlling for internalizing symptoms in kindergarten.
Turbulence‐controlled succession in Middle Devonian reefs of eastern New York State

Wolosz. T. H. 1992 07 15: Turbulence-controlled succession in Middle Devonian reefs of eastern New York State. The Edgecliff Member ol the Middle Devonian Onondaga Formation contains numerous reefs comprised of two distinct facies. The Phaceloid Colonial Rugosan Facies consists of thickets and mounds, while the Favositid/Crinoidal Sand facies occurs as flank beds surrounding rugosan mounds and as low shield-shaped banks interbedded with thickets of the colonial rugosan facics. Three of these reefs - the North Coxsackie. Albrights and Roberts Hill reefs - have been studied in order to determine the factors that controlled their development and their preserved paleocommunity succession. Both the Roberts Hill and Albrights reefs display well-developed rugosan mounds with an internal succession of rugosan genera. The North Coxsackie reef is a crinoidal sand bank with rugosan thickets and a back-reef satellite mound. Based on the lithology of the underlying limestone in which the reefs are rooted, the North Coxsackie reef is considered to have grown in a shallow-water environment, landwards of the two other reefs. Successional sequences or partial sequences are common to the three reefs, and are found to be reversible - a response attributed to changes in sea-level. As a result, the successions preserved in these reefs are interpreted as having been controlled by degree ol water turbulence.
On Optimal Port Loading Conditions for Maximizing Product of Energy Gain and Bandwidth in Broadband Antenna Links

A theory is given on maximizing the product of energy gain and bandwidth for broadband signal transmission in wireless links with dispersive antennas, which are properly terminated to the transmitter and receiver front-ends. For this, a cascaded network model of the two-antenna channel based on the link decomposition theory is employed to indicate practical conditions on maximizing gain-bandwidth product through selections of: i) real, dispersive antenna geometries; ii) their port terminations; and iii) assigned operational passbands. As a result, the gain-bandwidth product can be optimized for any given antenna geometry by appropriately specified terminal loads and operational bandwidths and vice-versa. This paper is numerically illustrated for canonical flat and solid dipole antennas by inspecting the predicted values of link gain-bandwidth products and related deviations of group delay used to measure signal distortions.
Effects of Writing Summaries as a Generative Learning Activity during Note Taking

Two experimental conditions of note taking in lecture sections of Introductory Psychology were compared for their relative effectiveness as generative-learning activities. The summary group student...
Quasimonochromatic Radiation for Dental Radiography

To obtain a high quality dental radiograph, it is advantageous to use 40 kiloelectron volt (kev) monochromatic radiation. The feasibility of obtaining this type of radiation by filtering rays of rare earth elements was studied by a computer program before experimentation. By use of 40 kev monochromatic radiation, skin exposure was reduced by a factor of two to three.
Always look at the bright side of non-delivery: WTO and Preferential Trade Agreements, yesterday and today

The disciplining of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) by the WTO has been ‘relaxed’ recently as a result of the new context (the Transparency Mechanism) within which notified PTAs are being multilaterally reviewed. This is probably a blessing for a number of reasons, including the success of the multilateral trading system in bringing tariffs down over the years (and the ensuing reduced trade diversion), the fact that modern PTAs deal with many non-trade issues as well (for which no WTO disciplines exist), and the recent empirical literature suggesting overall positive welfare implications for those participating in similar schemes. This paper discusses these and other reasons to support the view that the WTO should rather focus on the multilateral agenda instead of diverting its attention towards disciplining PTAs. In more concrete terms, this paper argues in support of the thesis that the Transparency Mechanism should not be simply a de facto substitute of the previous regime (where outlawing a PTA could not a priori be excluded), but the de jure new forum to discuss PTAs within the multilateral trading system, at least for the time being. A first do-no-harm-policy is one of the rationales for the thesis advocated here.
Advice taking and decision-making: An integrative literature review, and implications for the organizational sciences

Abstract This paper reviews the advice-giving and advice-taking literature. First, the central findings from this literature are catalogued. Topics include: advice utilization, confidence, decision accuracy, and differences between advisors and decision-makers. Next, the implications of several variations of the experimental design are discussed. These variations include: the presence/absence of a pre-advice decision, the number of advisors, the amount of interaction between the decision-maker and the advisor(s) and also among advisors themselves, whether the decision-maker can choose if and when to access advice, and the type of decision-task. Several ways of measuring advice utilization are subsequently contrasted, and the conventional operationalization of “advice” itself is questioned. Finally, ways in which the advice literature can inform selected topics in the organizational sciences are discussed.
Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is common in serrated and non-serrated colorectal adenoma, but uncommon in hyperplastic polyp and sessile serrated polyp/adenoma

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. COX-2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is inversely associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Evidence suggests that MSI/CIMP+ colorectal cancer may arise through the serrated tumorigenic pathway through various forms of serrated neoplasias. Therefore, we hypothesized that COX-2 may play a less important role in the serrated pathway. By immunohistochemistry, we assessed COX-2 expression in 24 hyperplastic polyps, 7 sessile serrated polyp/adenomas (SSA), 5 mixed polyps with SSA and adenoma, 27 traditional serrated adenomas, 515 non-serrated adenomas (tubular adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma and villous adenoma), 33 adenomas with intramucosal carcinomas, 96 adenocarcinomas with serration (corkscrew gland) and 111 adenocarcinomas without serration. Strong (2+) COX-2 overexpression was more common in non-serrated adenomas (28% = 143/515) than in hyperplastic polyps (4.2% = 1/24, p = 0.008) and serrated polyps (7 SSAs and 5 mixed polyps) (0% = 0/12, p = 0.04). Furthermore, any (1+/2+) COX-2 overexpression was more frequent in non-serrated adenomas (60% = 307/515) than in hyperplastic polyps (13% = 3/24, p < 0.0001) and serrated polyps (SSAs and mixed polyps) (25% = 3/12, p = 0.03). Traditional serrated adenomas and non-serrated adenomas showed similar frequencies of COX-2 overexpression. Regardless of serration, COX-2 overexpression was frequent (~85%) in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Tumor location was not significantly correlated with COX-2 overexpression, although there was a trend towards higher frequencies of COX-2 overexpression in distal tumors (than proximal tumors) among hyperplastic polyps, SSAs, mixed polyps, traditional serrated adenomas and adenocarcinomas. COX-2 overexpression is infrequent in hyperplastic polyp, SSA and mixed polyp with SSA and adenoma, compared to non-serrated and serrated adenoma. COX-2 overexpression becomes more frequent as tumors progress to higher grade neoplasias. Our observations suggest that COX-2 may play a less significant role in the serrated pathway of tumorigenesis; however, COX-2 may still play a role in later stage of the serrated pathway.
Inverse dynamics position control of a compliant manipulator

The cycle time of typical industrial manipulators is limited by vibrational characteristics associated with drive train compliance. In this paper the effects of drive train compliance and actuator dynamics in a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator are modeled and a position controller based on inverse dynamics is developed. Simulation of various controllers is performed utilizing the Advanced Continuous Simulation Language. It is shown that the closed loop frequency response of the manipulator can be increased beyond typical industrial practices by considering the drive train compliance in the design and providing suitable feedback measurements. Simulations suggest that satisfactory performance can be obtained as high as the limit imposed by the manipulators unmodeled higher vibration modes. The controller based on inverse dynamics is shown to effectively decouple the manipulator's nonlinearly coupled degrees of freedom and perform better than a linear independent joint controller which also considers drive train compliance.
ProCAT: a data analysis approach for protein microarrays

Protein microarrays provide a versatile method for the analysis of many protein biochemical activities. Existing DNA microarray analytical methods do not translate to protein microarrays due to differences between the technologies. Here we report a new approach, ProCAT, which corrects for background bias and spatial artifacts, identifies significant signals, filters nonspecific spots, and normalizes the resulting signal to protein abundance. ProCAT provides a powerful and flexible new approach for analyzing many types of protein microarrays.
Reaction of Vaporized Sodium Sulfate with Aluminous Refractories

A method was devised and tested whereby the action of an alkali salt, in the vapor or in the liquid state, on refractory materials may be studied under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. Using Na2SO4, the progress of reaction was followed by (1) change of weight, (2) determination of SO3 by precipitation, and (3) determination of Na2O by flame photometer. The materials studied were a commercial-grade high-alumina brick (88% Al2, 11 % SiO2) * and fused crystalline alumina (99.5% Al2O3). The dissociation of sodium sulfate, reacting in contact with high-alumina refractory materials, is speeded more by the presence of SiO2, probably as the compound mullite, than by crystalline alpha-alumina. The ultimate product in the commercial brick is probably nephelite, NaAl-SiO4; in the alumina, sodium alumina, NaAlO4. Exposure at 1200°C. in a vacuum of 150 μ of mercury approximately doubles the rate of deposition of sodium sulfate on the brick studied and adds one-third to the rate on fused alumina, as compared with the rate in air at atmospheric pressure.
Extinction ratio improvement by strong external light injection and SPM in an SOA for OTDM pulse source using a DBR laser diode

We demonstrate above 6-dB extinction ratio (ER) improvement by strong external light injection for 20-GHz optical pulses generated from a gain-switched high-speed distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser diode. The pulses also exhibit a reduced chirp accompanied with a reduced total root-mean square noise. Above 12-dB pulse ER improvement was further obtained with self-phase modulation (SPM) effect in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) followed by an optical bandpass filter. Stable 40-GHz pulses were demonstrated through passively multiplexing the pulses with 6-ps pulsewidth.
Characterization of base parasitic resistance in analog bipolar transistors

The base current dependency of parasitic base resistance of analog bipolar transistors is discussed. A finite-difference analysis technique is used to examine the relationship between R/sub b/ and emitter current crowding, base conductivity modulation, and Kirk effect. It simulates base parasitic resistance of bipolar transistors in all current levels. The method is illustrated using an advanced analog bipolar transistor with a heavily doped emitter. Results of this research have been used to develop high-frequency, high-performance bipolar transistors used in recently developed linear products. >
Embedding and detecting spread-spectrum watermarks under estimation attacks

Spread-spectrum (SS) watermarking has been one of the oldest methodologies for hiding data in multimedia signals. Recently, it has been demonstrated that simple block repetition codes provide strong robustness of such watermarks to noise addition and limited arbitrary geometric transformations. In order to further investigate the security of such watermarks, we explore in this paper their robustness with respect to watermark estimation attacks. In such attacks, the adversary has knowledge of the watermark algorithm, except the secret keys. We present a modification of the traditional SS watermark detector that forces the adversary to increase the amount of noise to be proportional to the signal amplitude, in order to remove an SS watermark.
HPC Cluster Readiness of Xen and User Mode Linux

This paper examines the suitability of different virtualization techniques in a high performance cluster environment. A survey of virtualization techniques is presented. Two representative technologies (Xen and User Mode Linux) are selected for an in depth analysis of cluster readiness in terms of their performance, reliability, and their overall impact on complexity of cluster administration.
Social worker assessment of bad news delivery by emergency medicine residents: a novel direct-observation milestone assessment

The skill of delivering bad news is difficult to teach and evaluate. Residents may practice in simulated settings; however, this may not translate to confidence or competence during real experiences. We investigated the acceptability and feasibility of social workers as evaluators of residents' delivery of bad news during patient encounters, and assessed the attitudes of both groups regarding this process. From August 2013 to June 2014, emergency medicine residents completed self-assessments after delivering bad news. Social workers completed evaluations after observing these conversations. The Assessment tools were designed by modifying the global Breaking Bad News Assessment Scale. Residents and social workers completed post-study surveys. 37 evaluations were received, 20 completed by social workers and 17 resident self-evaluations. Social workers reported discussing plans with residents prior to conversations 90 % of the time (18/20, 95 % CI 64.5, 97.8). Social workers who had previously observed the resident delivering bad news reported that the resident was more skilled on subsequent encounters 90 % of the time (95 % CI 42.2, 99). Both social workers and residents felt that prior training or experience was important. First-year residents valued advice from social workers less than advice from attending physicians, whereas more experienced residents perceived advice from social workers to be equivalent with that of attending physicians (40 versus 2.9 %, p = 0.002). Social worker assessment of residents' abilities to deliver bad news is feasible and acceptable to both groups. This formalized self-assessment and evaluation process highlights the importance of social workers' involvement in delivery of bad news, and the teaching of this skill. This method may also be used as direct-observation for resident milestone assessment.
Food as Social Justice: Critical Ethnography as a Lens for Communication Activism.

Courses: Public Speaking.Objectives: This semester-long service-learning activity examines access to affordable healthy food as a social justice issue, using critical ethnography as a framework to help students understand the link between activism and public speaking skills. After completing the project, students will be able to: (1) develop a narrative speech that links their respective identities to food justice; (2) adapt a persuasive message that connects a community partner's food justice goals to a target audience; and (3) communicate ethically with a public while participating in a food justice campaign.
Optimum Design of Warehouses Having Radial Aisles1

Abstract A warehouse design model is developed for the case of a radial aisle structure within a warehouse having a single dock. It is shown that approximate straight movement efficiencies may be achieved by using a small number of radial aisles. Item movement is assumed to be rectilinear to the nearest radial aisle and Euclidean along the aisle to the dock.
Electric Field Distribution of Bushing on the HVDC Converter Transformer’s Valve Side During Polarity Reversal Test

The bushing on the HVDC converter transformer’s valve side subject to a mixed voltage,electric field distribution is very complex.the electric field distribution of the bushing on the HVDC converter transformer’s valve side is analysis by using ANSYS.The time constant to the steady-state and the maximum electric field and the electric field distribution along sheds of bushing are obtained by calculation.Calculation results show that the reversed electric field after DC steady state is higher than that in the polarity reversal test.The electric field along sheds of bushing has a maximum value in boundary of different dielectric.The research results provide scientific basis for the designing and Polarity reversal testing of the bushing on the HVDC converter transformer’s valve side.
Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic, Flow and Temperature Fields in Electroslag Remelting Process

The magnetic and Joule-heat fields of electroslag remelting process(electrode, slag and ingot) were obtained by finite element software, and the electroslag remelting process coupled with the magnetic and Joule-heat fields was simulated by CFD software. Based on the basic control parameters, the metal pool shape, temperature distribution and velocity field were analyzed. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data, especially on slag-metal interface, the maximum error does not exceed 10%. When the inserting depth is 0.015 m, an intermediate region appears between the anti-clockwise circulating eddies in the bulk of slag, which is controlled by a clockwise circulating eddy. The maximum temperature will be decreased by about 1% for each additional 0.015 m of the inserting depth.
Combination Therapy for Staghorn Calculi in Solitary Kidneys: Functional Results with Long-Term Followup

A total of 10 patients with staghorn calculi in a solitary kidney was managed with endourological sandwich therapy consisting of primary percutaneous debulking followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) of residual inaccessible stones. Secondary percutaneous procedures, ESWL and chemical dissolution were used as necessary in a vigorous attempt to render each patient stone-free. As such, these 10 renal units underwent 21 percutaneous procedures through 13 tracts, 17 ESWL treatments and 3 courses of hemiacidrin. No patient required open operative intervention or dialytic support. With 4 to 57 months (mean 31.6) of followup, renal function for the group as a whole improved as evidenced by a decrease in mean serum creatinine levels from 3.1 mg./dl. before treatment to 2.2 mg./dl. at latest followup. More importantly, renal function has remained stable or improved in 9 of the 10 patients individually. We conclude that an aggressive, combined endourological approach to the management of staghorn calculi provides long-term preservation of function in the affected kidney.
Lesions of the adrenal glands of surgical significance.

Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortices caused either by hyperplasia or by functioning tumor results in a variety of recognizable clinical syndromes, most of which are amenable to surgical treatment. Others may respond favorably to medical management. Paroxysmal or persistent hypertension caused by functioning tumor of the medulla of the adrenal gland can be cured by surgical intervention in most cases.
Sociodemographic characteristics and individual health behaviors

Background We examined individual demographics and socioeconomic status to learn how they were related to major health behavior (ie, exercise, smoking, and diet), and the sociodemographic predictors of healthy versus unhealthy behavior. Methods The study was based on data collected through the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) of South Carolina. More than 2,000 South Carolina adults who lived in households with telephones were randomly selected and interviewed by telephone to obtain the data. Results The current report confirms much of the literature on the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and health behavior. It also shows that controlling for sociodemographic influences, women, individuals with a college education, and the 18 to 24 and 65+ age groups were more likely to practice a cluster of healthy behaviors than men, individuals with less or no education, and the 25 to 44 age group. Race and marital status were not significantly associated with healthy behavior patterns. Conclusions An important policy implication of the study is the need for targeted health promotion activities on the risk groups identified, namely men, individuals with little education, and the 25 to 44 age group.
Current Trends in Arab-American Performance

The history of the American nation is more deeply involved with the dynamics of immigration and exile than that of any other major modem nation. Founded by European exiles, it was profoundly altered by the waves of newcomers that arrived on its shores between 1850 and 1930. The effect of this new exile community was especially strongly felt in the major cities, to the extent that historian Alan Brinkley reports that in 1890 between 80 and 90 percent of the population of New York, Chicago, Milwaukee, and Detroit were immigrants. In contrast, London, the largest industrial city in Europe, was 94 percent native.1 Since large urban centers are traditionally the sites of theatrical activity, it is hardly surprising that these same cities saw a flourishing of theatre among their exile communities during the late nineteenth century, helping the new immigrants to adjust to their changed circumstances and often at the same time providing a connection to their roots and traditions.
Los albores de la meta-memoria histórica en el teatro español

Sirviendome de las teorias de Jacques Derrida, Cathy Caruth, Linda Hutcheon, Jan Assman y Pierre Nora, entre otros, examino las maneras en las cuales tres dramaturgos de distintas realidades – un autor consagrado, Antonio Buero Vallejo; un joven prometedor, Jeronimo Lopez Mozo; y un exiliado, Jose Antonio Rial – dieron pie a lo que denomino la meta-memoria historica: la confrontacion manifiesta y el cuestionamiento teatral de las divergencias, sombras y verdades polifaceticas asociadas con las memorias colectivas simultaneas y posteriores a la Guerra Civil espanola. Concretamente, los dramaturgos utilizan la memoria explicita – expresada mediante la anacronia, la metateatralidad, y/o el recurso a personajes que son muertos vivientes –, con el fin de resaltar la continua reconstruccion de la historia colectiva. En las postrimerias del franquismo, sus tres piezas respectivas, El tragaluz (1967), Guernica (1969) y La muerte de Garcia Lorca (1969), entablan un dialogo intertextual, fragmentado e indeterminado entre el pasado y el presente. Estas tres obras auguran una estetica que cobra cada vez mas relieve en el teatro espanol, a medida que se ha ido tanteando dicho pasado traumatico en Espana durante las ultimas cuatro decadas.