cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muscarinic Acetycholine Receptors of the Small Intestine and Pancreas of the Rat: Distribution and the Effect of Vagotomy

1. The distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChR), detected by atropine-inhibitable binding of [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, was examined in membrane fractions of pancreas, small intestinal muscle, mucosa, villi and crypts of sham-operated and vagotomized rats. 2. Specific (atropine inhibitable) [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding was greater to the ileal mucosa than to jejunal mucosa or to duodenal mucosa, but binding to crypt and villus fractions was not significantly different. This distribution of specific [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding suggests that cholinergic mucosal innervation is more important in the ileum than the jejunum. 3. Vagotomy produced a decrease in the amount of specific [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to duodenal mucosa only, suggesting that parasympathetic denervation of the small intestine does not cause mucosal hypersensitivity to acetylcholine by an increase in mAChR.
Endocrinology and Aging

The inevitability of hormone-mediated senescence in the female reproductive system well in advance of death of the organism has long focused attention on the possibility that hormones mediate the aging process. That aging might reflect, at least in part, deficiency of hormone action raised the attractive prospect of the postponement of aging with hormone replacement therapy. This prospect in large measure explains the inordinate amount of attention which hormonal factors have periodically received in attempts to account for senescence. It also explains the blemishes on nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century medical history of attempts to graft into old men the gonads of goats (and other animals) to effect “rejuvenation.” Old scientists were among those who generously offered to be the recipients of such grafts.
Oral cavity progenitor and stem cell biology and therapy

Abstract: Our research on tooth regeneration is significant in that it is anticipated to eventually provide effective therapies to replace missing and damaged teeth, and also to guide future research of organ regeneration in general. The identification of appropriate cell sources is essential for tissue regeneration. In this chapter, we discuss strengths and weaknesses of potential cell sources for tooth tissue engineering, including the use of cells of dental origin, and cells derived from non-dental tissues, and discuss current limitations for clinical applications of various cell types for dental tissue engineering applications. We conclude that autologous, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) may be the most promising cell type for successful future dental tissue engineering applications.
Transducer Models for the Finite Element Simulation of Ultrasonic NDT Phenomena

Numerical studies of realistic ultrasonic NDT situations in their most general form assume arbitrarily shaped defects excited by pulsed transducer waves all subject to the specimen’s external boundaries. The combination of three features, transmitter model, ultrasound/defect interaction, and receiver model makes a thorough quantitative evaluation extremely difficult, Although a numerical finite element code capable of handling ultrasonic wave propagation and scattering has been developed [1,2] the overall system remains incomplete without apropriate transducer models.
Complementing machine learning classifiers via dynamic symbolic execution: "human vs. bot generated" tweets

Recent machine learning approaches for classifying text as human-written or bot-generated rely on training sets that are large, labeled diligently, and representative of the underlying domain. While valuable, these machine learning approaches ignore programs as an additional source of such training sets. To address this problem of incomplete training sets, this paper proposes to systematically supplement existing training sets with samples inferred via program analysis. In our preliminary evaluation, training sets enriched with samples inferred via dynamic symbolic execution were able to improve machine learning classifier accuracy for simple string-generating programs.
DCL System Research Using Advanced Approaches for Land-based or Ship-based Real-Time Recognition and Localization of Marine Mammals

Abstract : We aim to investigate advancing the state of the art of detection, classification and localization (DCL) in the field of bioacoustics. The two primary goals are to develop transferable technologies for detection and classification in: (1) the area of advanced algorithms, such as deep learning and other methods; and (2) advanced systems, capable of real-time and archival and processing. This project will focus on long-term, continuous datasets to provide automatic recognition, minimizing human time to annotate the signals. Effort will begin by focusing on several years of multi-channel acoustic data collected in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) between 2006 and 2010. Our efforts will incorporate existing technologies in the bioacoustics signal processing community, advanced high performance computing (HPC) systems, and new approaches aimed at automatically detecting-classifying and measuring features for species-specific marine mammal sounds within passive acoustic data.
Root cause analysis of key process variable deviation for rare events in the chemical process industry

Root cause analysis of rare but catastrophic events in chemical process industry has to deal with challenges of data scarcity that may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. Previously, Bayesian models (BM)...
A3D: Attention-based auto-encoder anomaly detector for false data injection attacks

Abstract With the influx of more advanced and more connected computing and control devices, the electric power grid has continuously evolved to rely on communication networks for efficient operation and control. A challenge with these new technologies is that they may introduce new and unforeseen avenues of access, making the grid more susceptible to cyber attacks. False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) are a particular type of attack that aims to cause disruptions in the operation of the power grid by affecting the feedback mechanism to control the grid. This is carried out by modifying the measurements which enable a state estimator to approximate the state of the system. These attacks are designed in such a way that they preserve the system equations on which the state estimator operates; therefore, they cannot be detected by a simple residual-based detection mechanism. In this paper, we propose monotonic attention based auto-encoders, an unsupervised learning technique to detect FDIAs. The auto-encoder is trained under normal operating conditions, and we hypothesize that it will produce outputs which are close to the true system values at normal operation even if the measurements are modified by an adversary. Based on this hypothesis, that high reconstruction error occurs for the attacked conditions, the intrusion detection is performed by a threshold mechanism using Precision-Recall curve. We validate the efficacy of our proposed attention-based auto-encoder anomaly detector (A3D) over other variants of auto-encoders such as ANN and RNN based auto-encoders, and a few supervised learning techniques, by performing FDIAs on a IEEE 14 bus system.
Pediatric Palliative Care and the PICU: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going

This review provides pediatric intensivists and other pediatric clinicians a review of pediatric palliative care, focusing on its integration into the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and outlining vital skills for the intensivist. Pediatric palliative care is a relatively young but growing field and is becoming increasingly available at many children’s hospitals. However, there has been a shortage of palliative care physicians historically (Lupu, J Pain Symptom Manag. 40(6):899–911, 2010). Palliative care teams are multidisciplinary and focus on assisting the PICU with pain and symptom management, communication with families, goals of care discussions, complicated grief, and bereavement. Palliative care team involvement may prolong life, improve quality of life by addressing physical and psychological suffering, decrease lengths of hospital and intensive care stay, and improve hospital wide resource utilization. Many PICU patients may benefit from palliative care services. All providers, including pediatric intensivists, should be able to perform primary, or basic, palliative care, including evaluating symptoms and communicating about goals of care and end of life (Hughes and Smith, Annu Rev Public Health. 35:459–475, 2014). More advanced secondary and tertiary palliative care relies on specialists to help navigate more nuanced communications and symptom management (Hughes and Smith, Annu Rev Public Health. 35:459–475, 2014). Palliative care has been shown to have great benefits for patients across the spectrum of diagnoses and prognoses. All providers, including intensivists, should have formalized training in primary palliative care. Mastering and incorporating primary palliative care skills into the clinical practice of non-palliative care providers will facilitate its delivery to patients.
Fentanyl-related overdose during incarceration: a comprehensive review

Fentanyl and related compounds have recently saturated the illicit drug supply in the United States, leading to unprecedented rates of fatal overdose. Individuals who are incarcerated are particularly vulnerable, as the burden of opioid use disorder is disproportionately higher in this population, and tolerance generally decreases during incarceration. We conduct a systematic search for publications about fentanyl overdoses during incarceration in PubMed and PsycINFO, as well as lay press articles in Google, from January 1, 2013 through March 30th, 2021. Not a single fentanyl overdose was identified in the medical literature, but 90 overdose events, comprising of 76 fatal and 103 nonfatal fentanyl overdoses, were identified in the lay press. Among the 179 overdoses, 138 occurred in jails and 41 occurred in prisons, across the country. Fentanyl-related overdoses are occurring in correctional facilities with unknown but likely increasing frequency. In addition to the need for improved detection and reporting, immediate efforts to 1) increase understanding of the risks of fentanyl and how to prevent and treat overdose among correctional staff and residents, 2) ensure widespread prompt availability of naloxone and 3) expand the availability of medications to treat opioid use disorder for people who are incarcerated will save lives.
Pollinator assemblage and pollen load differences on sympatric diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of the desert-dominant Larrea tridentata

PREMISE Whole-genome duplication (polyploidy) is an important force shaping flowering-plant evolution. Ploidy-specific plant-pollinator interactions represent important community-level biotic interactions that can lead to nonrandom mating and the persistence of mixed-ploidy populations. METHODS At a naturally occurring diploid-tetraploid contact zone of the autopolyploid desert shrub Larrea tridentata, we combined flower phenology analyses, collections of bees on plants of known cytotype, and flow cytometry analyses of bee-collected pollen loads to investigate whether (1) diploid and tetraploid plants have unique bee pollinator assemblages, (2) bee taxa exhibit ploidy-specific visitation and pollen collection biases, and (3) specialist and generalist bee taxa have ploidy-specific visitation and pollen collection biases. RESULTS Although bee assemblages overlapped, we found significant differences in bee visitation to co-occurring diploids and tetraploids, with the introduced honeybee (Apis mellifera) and one native species (Andrena species 12) more frequently visiting tetraploids. Consistent with bee assemblage differences, we found that diploid pollen was overrepresented among pollen loads on native bees, while pollen loads on A. mellifera did not deviate from the random expectation. However, mismatches between the ploidy of pollen loads and plants were common, consistent with ongoing intercytotype gene flow. CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with cytotype-specific bee visitation and suggest that pollinator behavior contributes to reduced diploid-tetraploid mating. Differences in bee visitation and pollen movement potentially contribute to an easing of minority cytotype exclusion and the facilitation of cytotype co-occurrence.
Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia

Long before Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope en route to India, the peoples of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia engaged in vigorous cross-cultural exchanges across the Indian Ocean. This book focuses on the years 700 to 1500, a period when powerful dynasties governed both regions, to document the relationship between the Islamic and Chinese worlds before the arrival of the Europeans. Through a close analysis of the maps, geographic accounts, and travelogues compiled by both Chinese and Islamic writers, the book traces the development of major contacts between people in China and the Islamic world and explores their interactions on matters as varied as diplomacy, commerce, mutual understanding, world geography, navigation, shipbuilding, and scientific exploration. When the Mongols ruled both China and Iran in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, their geographic understanding of each other's society increased markedly. This rich, engaging, and pioneering study offers glimpses into the worlds of Asian geographers and mapmakers, whose accumulated wisdom underpinned the celebrated voyages of European explorers like Vasco da Gama.
Redefining the Autonomic Nerve Distribution of the Bladder Using 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

Purpose: We sought to create a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the autonomic nervous tissue innervating the bladder using male and female cadaver histopathology.Materials and Methods: We obtained bladder tissue from a male and a female cadaver. Axial cross sections of the bladder were generated at 3 to 5 mm intervals and stained with S100 protein. We recorded the distance between autonomic nerves and bladder mucosa. We manually demarcated nerve tracings using ImageScope software (Aperio, Vista, California), which we imported into Blender™ graphics software to generate 3-dimensional reconstructions of autonomic nerve anatomy.Results: Mean nerve density ranged from 0.099 to 0.602 and 0.012 to 0.383 nerves per mm2 in female and male slides, respectively. The highest concentrations of autonomic innervation were located in the posterior aspect of the bladder neck in the female specimen and in the posterior region of the prostatic urethra in the male specimen. Nerve density at all levels of the proximal urethra...
Assessing Couple Decision-Making

SUMMARY An assessment model which uses self-report and interview procedures is illustrated with the results of the descriptive study of 28 couples trained as couple communication instructors. The model provides data regarding context, process, and outcome variables. Results from this study of effective decision-makers suggest a systemic relationship between the context, process, and outcome variables. This assessment of the intricate series of processes which incorporates communication provides a more dynamic and holistic view of the decision-making and couple relationships in general. Implications for utilizing the assessment model in the context of couples therapy are highlighted. [Article copies available from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678.]
Accelerated simulation of integrated circuits using Chebyshev series

Circuits are described by a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that are created using modified nodal analysis (MNA). A method based on the Newton-Kantorovich approach is used for linearization of the equations, and a very fast spectral algorithm based on Chebyshev polynomials is used to solve the linearized equations. Numerous properties of Chebyshev series are applied to develop an efficient algorithm and speed up the simulation process. >
Generalized Optoelectronic Model of Series-Connected Multijunction Solar Cells

The emission of light from each junction in a series-connected multijunction solar cell both complicates and elucidates the understanding of its performance under arbitrary conditions. Bringing together many recent advances in this understanding, we present a general 1-D model to describe luminescent coupling that arises from both voltage-driven electroluminescence and voltage-independent photoluminescence in nonideal junctions that include effects such as Sah–Noyce–Shockley (SNS) recombination with n ≠ 2, Auger recombination, shunt resistance, reverse-bias breakdown, series resistance, and significant dark area losses. The individual junction voltages and currents are experimentally determined from measured optical and electrical inputs and outputs of the device within the context of the model to fit parameters that describe the devices performance under arbitrary input conditions. Techniques to experimentally fit the model are demonstrated for a four-junction inverted metamorphic solar cell, and the predictions of the model are compared with concentrator flash measurements.
Knee joint loading differs in individuals with mild compared with moderate medial knee osteoarthritis

Objective To compare the knee joint loading patterns in individuals with differing radiographic grades of knee osteoarthritis (OA) for characterization of the mechanical implications of different structural states, and to compare the knee adduction angular impulse, a measure of gait complementary to the commonly used peak knee adduction moment. Methods Asymptomatic subjects (those without knee OA) having a Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic severity grade of 0 or 1 (n = 28) and subjects with symptomatic knee OA having K/L grades of 2 (n = 66) or 3 (n = 23) were recruited. Gait analysis was used to calculate the peak external knee adduction moment and the external knee adduction angular impulse for the whole stance and for the 4 subdivisions of stance. Results Both the peak knee adduction moment and the knee adduction angular impulse increased with K/L radiographic grade (P < 0.05). However, only the knee adduction angular impulse differed between subjects with moderate (grade 3) and those with mild (grade 2) radiographic knee OA (P < 0.05). Conclusion The differences between mild and moderate symptomatic radiographic knee OA are not only structural but also functional, based on the magnitude of load in the medial knee joint. Moreover, knee adduction angular impulse provides additional information beyond that available from the peak knee adduction moment, and may therefore be an important gait parameter to include in OA research. These findings are important for our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of OA.
Racial and ethnic factors in dementia care-giving research in the US.

(2001). Racial and ethnic factors in dementia care-giving research in the US. Aging & Mental Health: Vol. 5, No. sup1, pp. 116-123.
Optimizing energy potentials for success in protein tertiary structure prediction

Background : Success in solving the protein structure prediction problem relies on the choice of an accurate potential energy function. For a single protein sequence, it has been shown that the potential energy function can be optimized for predictive success by maximizing the energy gap between the correct structure and the ensemble of random structures relative to the distribution of the energies of these random structures (the Z-score). Different methods have been described for implementing this procedure for an ensemble of database proteins. Here, we demonstrate a new approach. Results : For a single protein sequence, the probability of success (i.e. the probability that the folded state is the lowest energy state) is derived. We then maximize the average probability of success for a set of proteins to obtain the optimal potential energy function. This results in maximum attention being focused on the proteins whose structures are difficult but not impossible to predict. Conclusions : Using a lattice model of proteins, we show that the optimal interaction potentials obtained by our method are both more accurate and more likely to produce successful predictions than those obtained by other averaging procedures.
Control of ethylene glycol reactive distillation column

This study demonstrates that ethylene glycol reactive distillation columns can be controlled effectively by a simple PI control scheme. The structure achieves the stoichiometric balancing of the reactants and maintains the product purity within reasonable bounds. This structure should be generally applicable to other systems that are similar to the ethylene glycol system in stoichiometry, kinetics, VLE, and design.
Is a left ventricular vent necessary during cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract This study evaluated the coronary flow and the internal diameter, pressure, and metabolism of the left ventricle using four different cardiopulmonary bypass techniques. Conditioned dogs underwent a 30-minute stabilizing period on cardiopulmonary bypass with a beating, empty heart (normothermia and a flow of 80 ml/kg/min). They were then fibrillated and subjected to four experiments: Group A (7 dogs)—left ventricular vent, caval tapes open; group B (7 dogs)—left ventricular vent, caval tapes closed; group C (7 dogs)—no vent, caval tapes open; group D (4 dogs)—no vent, caval tapes closed. There was no major difference in any of these variables among Groups A and B (both ventricles vented). Group D (no vent, tapes closed) had significantly increased wall tension, decreased coronary flow, decreased subendocardial flow, and ischemia. In contrast, Group C dogs (no vent, tapes open) had only a slight increase in left ventricular diameter and pressure, with no change from Group A and B dogs in coronary flow, lactate extraction, hydrogen ion production, or potassium difference. Therefore, venting the fibrillating ventricle, either with or without snaring of the caval tapes, is probably the best method to use during the distal anastomosis in a coronary artery bypass operation. However, if a vent is not used, the caval tapes should be left open to allow complete diversion of the venous blood and decompression of the left ventricle.
Shared longitudinal predictors of physical peer and dating violence.

Abstract Purpose Peers and dates are common targets of adolescent violence. Prevention programs typically address either peer violence (PV) or dating violence (DV) but not both. However, if PV and DV share predictors, prevention strategies could target both behaviors, yielding economic and time efficiencies. Longitudinal data were examined to determine the extent to which physical PV and DV shared predictors. Guided by social learning and social control theories, both risk and protective factors were examined at multiple levels of the social ecology. Methods Adolescents in the eighth through 10th grades in three North Carolina counties completed self-administered questionnaires in school in the fall 2003 (Wave 1) and again in spring 2004 (Wave 2) (n = 4,227). The sample was 48% male; 55% white, 33% black, and 12% of other race/ethnicity. A generalized estimating equations approach used adjusted standard errors to account for the correlation between the two violence outcomes. Results For both boys and girls, anger, family conflict, and having models of deviant behavior in the school were shared risk factors, and holding prosocial beliefs was a shared protective factor. For girls, anxiety and having models of deviant behavior in the neighborhood were additional shared risk factors. For boys, heavy alcohol use was an additional shared risk factor and parental monitoring was an additional shared protective factor. Conclusions Findings can inform the development of comprehensive cross-cutting prevention strategies at multiple levels of the social ecology designed to prevent both types of violence.
Three Amino Acid Substitutions Selectively Disrupt the Activation but Not the Repression Function of the Glucocorticoid Receptor N Terminus

A 210-amino acid region, termed enh2, near the N terminus of the rat glucocorticoid receptor, is necessary for both transcriptional activation and repression. The mechanism(s) of transcriptional regulation conferred by this region, however, are poorly understood. We screened in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a library of random mutants in the enh2 region of a constitutive glucocorticoid receptor derivative and isolated a series of multiply substituted receptors that are specifically defective in transcriptional activation. Although many substitutions in this area were tolerated, three amino acid substitutions (E219K, F220L, and W234R) within a 16-amino acid region were sufficient to disrupt the enh2 transcriptional activation function both in yeast and in mammalian cells. Although this region is rich in acidic residues, the conserved tryptophan at position 234 appears to be a more critical feature for enh2 activity; hydrophobic but not charged residues were tolerated at this position. Notably, the mutants uncoupled the activation and repression functions of enh2, as the activation defective isolates remained competent for repression of AP-1 at the composite response element plfG.
210Po in Nevada Groundwater and Its Relation to Gross Alpha Radioactivity

Polonium-210 ((210) Po) is a highly toxic alpha emitter that is rarely found in groundwater at activities exceeding 1 pCi/L. (210) Po activities in 63 domestic and public-supply wells in Lahontan Valley in Churchill County in northern Nevada, United States, ranged from 0.01 ± 0.005 to 178 ± 16 pCi/L with a median activity of 2.88 pCi/L. Wells with high (210) Po activities had low dissolved oxygen concentrations (less than 0.1 mg/L) and commonly had pH greater than 9. Lead-210 activities are low and aqueous (210) Po is unsupported by (210) Pb, indicating that the (210) Po is mobilized from aquifer sediments. The only significant contributors to alpha particle activity in Lahontan Valley groundwater are (234/238) U, (222) Rn, and (210) Po. Radon-222 activities were below 1000 pCi/L and were uncorrelated with (210) Po activity. The only applicable drinking water standard for (210) Po in the United States is the adjusted gross alpha radioactivity (GAR) standard of 15 pCi/L. (210) Po was not volatile in a Nevada well, but volatile (210) Po has been reported in a Florida well. Additional information on the volatility of (210) Po is needed because GAR is an inappropriate method to screen for volatile radionuclides. About 25% of the samples had (210) Po activities that exceed the level associated with a lifetime total cancer risk of 1× 10(-4) (1.1 pCi/L) without exceeding the GAR standard. In cases where the 72-h GAR exceeds the uranium activity by more than 5 to 10 pCi/L, an analysis to rule out the presence of (210) Po may be justified to protect human health even though the maximum contaminant level for adjusted GAR is not exceeded.
Comparison of photovoltaic module performance at Pu'u Wa'a Wa'a

Hawaii is experiencing a substantial increase in grid-tied PV installations and utility companies are concerned with the resulting grid management issues. To address these concerns and to enable the utilities to make informed decisions, the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii initiated a PV test program that provides high-resolution data to characterize module and array performance under a variety of local climatic conditions. In the first phase of the project HNEI developed a PV test bed located at Pu'u Wa'a Wa'a ranch on the Kona coast of the Big Island of Hawaii. Initially we selected seven different PV technologies for testing consisting of poly-crystalline, mono-crystalline, amorphous, and mixed technologies. The test modules comprise 200 W units, tilted at 20°, with maximum power point trackers, via small inverters connected to the grid or via charge controllers connected to a battery and load bank. The data is sampled at 1 Hz and stored in a database for visualization and analysis. This paper presents a description of the test bed design, the high data rate Data Acquisition System (DAS), and initial experimental results.
Contact Between Elastic Bodies With an Elliptic Contact Interface in Torsion

When two elastic three-dimensional bodies of specified radii come into contact, Hertzian forces at the interface result in the formation of an elliptical contact area. The rotation of one body relative to the other about an axis normal to the contact induces a nonlinear torque due to the progression of sliding in the contact interface. Using finite element analysis, a relationship describing torsional compliance with slip is presented for two elastic bodies with an elliptic contact interface under pure twist. The effect of changing material and geometric parameters is studied, and the relationships between torque generation and angle are defined with respect to these nondimensionalized parameters.
Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene is decreased in experimental alcoholic liver disease

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR) play important roles in fatty acid metabolism. The present study examined the regulation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR alpha, beta, and gamma), RXR (alpha, beta, and gamma), PPAR, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), catalase, and beta-actin gene expression in chronic alcoholic liver disease in the rat. The results demonstrated that the expression of genes for RAR and RXR isoforms and catalase were not altered by ethanol in the fatty liver. In contrast, the levels of PPAR and CYP2E1 mRNAs were down- and up-regulated by ethanol in the liver, respectively. The levels of CYP2E1 mRNAs correlated positively with blood alcohol levels (BAL). In addition, ethanol induced expression of beta-actin mRNA was also proportional to the BAL. The level of PPAR mRNA and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid decreased in ethanol-fed rat livers. Decreased PPAR gene expression in ethanol-fed rats might result from a decrease in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the liver. However, the activities of enzymes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism, including acyl CoA synthetase, acyl CoA oxidase, catalase, and protein kinase C, were not changed by ethanol treatment. The significance of down-regulation of PPAR gene in alcohol liver disease is discussed.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C5 induces leaf senescence

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI- PLC) plays a central role in the phosphatidylinositol spe- cific signal transduction pathway. Plant PI-PLCs have been demonstrated to be involved in various stimuli and physi- ological processes. Five Arabidopsis thaliana PI-PLC genes were overexpressed transiently in tobacco leaves, and one of them, AtPLC5, was stably expressed in trans- genic Arabidopsis; a dexamethasone-inducible promoter was used. Expression of AtPLC5 in transiently transformed tobacco resulted in leaf senescence at 72 h after induction, while other AtPLC did not cause any visible changes. Stable overexpression of AtPLC5 in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in clearly induced visible yellowing at 8 days after induction, meanwhile chlorophyll content was decreased, PI-PLC activity and electric conductivity were increased. qPCR results demonstrated that increased transcription of senescence-associated genes (SAG12, SAG13, SAG15, SAG18 and SAG29) were up regulated after AtPLC5 induction. When AtPLC5 fused with green fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in protoplasts prepared from Arabidopsis mesophyll cells, green fluorescence was clearly observed in the plasma membrane (PM). Moreover, western blot analysis indicated that AtPLC5 was found to be enriched in the PM fraction of transgenic Arabidopsis stably expressing AtPLC5. These results suggest that At- PLC5 is predominantly localized in the PM and may be a regulator of leaf senescence.
Dynamic abnormal grain growth: A new method to produce single crystals

Dynamic abnormal grain growth (DAGG) is a newly discovered phenomenon which can be used to produce large single crystals from polycrystalline material in the solid state at temperatures above approximately half the melting temperature. The unique aspect of DAGG, compared to previously understood abnormal grain growth phenomena, is the requirement of plastic straining for initiation and propagation of abnormal grain growth. Our findings demonstrate that DAGG can be used to produce large single crystals of molybdenum in the solid state.
What is the statistical method for at-speed testing?

Manufacturing testing becomes increasingly difficult in the nanometer manufacturing region because of the impacts of process variation on path delays. It has been frequently observed from manufacturing testing that different chips exhibit different speed limiting paths; and different set of paths may fail to meet the timing specification for different chips.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 188*

Abstract The available experimental data pertaining to the nuclear structure of nuclei with A = 188 are compiled; the results from various decay and reaction measurements are compared and evaluated. Inconsistencies and discrepancies in the level schemes are discussed. Level properties and gamma-ray properties are presented.
Entrainment of Magnetite by Coal During Dense-Medium Beneficiation of Coal

Although most of the magnetite used in dense-medium coal beneficiation can be recovered by magnetic separation, there are small but significant losses. The magnetite losses can be attributed to removal in the wash wastes or uptake into fractures of the coal particles. To determine the relative significance of these mechanisms we studied the magnetic properties of two samples of uncleaned Pennsylvanian bituminous coal and the same coal cleaned with water and also cleaned in a dense medium (magnetite) slurry. Magnetic susceptibility measurements made as a function of temperature indicate that the loss of magnetite during coal beneficiation in a magnetic slurry is due in part to the entrapment of magnetite in coal fractures.
Catecholamine responses in fetal lambs subjected to hemorrhage.

Abstract We monitored plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to hemorrhage of 20% of estimated blood volume in 11 chronically instrumented, unanesthetized fetal lambs. In addition, we performed control experiments—blood sampling but no hemorrhage—in five fetuses. Arterial blood gases, pH, mean arterial pressures, heart rates, and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were similar in both groups in the resting state. Arterial blood gases and pH did not change significantly during the experimental period in either group. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels did not change in the control group during the experimental period. Hemorrhage was associated with a significant decrease in fetal mean arterial pressure, 39.8 ± 1.2 to 29.6 ± 2.1 mm Hg, and heart rate, 186 ± 8 to 146 ± 6 bpm (p
Teaching and Learning Writing Skills in a Low-SES, Urban Primary Classroom.

This study investigated which writing skills were learned in one low-SES, urban, primary classroom in relation to the children's instruction. The skills measured in this study included fluency, a sense of audience and purpose, organization, use of “written” language (rather than oral), use of lively or engaging language, use of compound or lengthy sentences, end mark punctuation, capitalization, and spelling. The children's learning was studied in light of instruction from a whole-language perspective. Participants were three teachers who team-taught a group of primary-age children and 11 children who were considered conventional writers at the beginning of the study, 3 of whom had learning disabilities. Children's writing folders and journal entries were collected in late September and compared to their writing samples in late March/early April. The first five skills (above) were examined holistically using a rubric, and the final four skills were examined through word and sentence counts and error rates...
The Impact of Heat Release in Turbine Film Cooling

The Ultra Compact Combustor is a design that integrates a turbine vane into the combustor flow path. Because of the high fuel-to-air ratio and short combustor flow path, a significant potential exists for unburned fuel to enter the turbine. Using contemporary turbine cooling vane designs, the injection of oxygen-rich turbine cooling air into a combustor flow containing unburned fuel could result in heat release in the turbine and a large decrease in cooling effectiveness. The current study explores the interaction of cooling flow from typical cooling holes with the exhaust of a fuel-rich well-stirred-reactor operating at high temperatures over a flat plate. Surface temperatures, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for a variety of reactor fuel-to-air ratios, cooling hole geometries, and blowing ratios. Results demonstrate that reactions in the turbine cooling film can result in increased heat transfer to the surface. The amount of this increase depends on hole geometry and blowing ratio and fuel content of the combustor flow. Failure to design for this effect could result in augmented heat transfer caused by the cooling scheme, and turbine life could be degraded substantially.
Actinomycosis of the distal colon and rectum.

Actinomycosis of the colon has rarely been reported; two such cases are presented. A predisposing factor appears to be the presence of a preexisting intrauterine device (IUD). This history was present in one case in which there was perisigmoid abscess, local extension, and fistulous tract or the anterior abdominal wall. A second patient had anorectal involvement which resembled Crohn's disease, and was found to be HIV positive. There was mucosal irregularity, wall thickening, reactive adenopathy, perirectal fascial thickening, and a sinus tract, which responded well to penicillin. It is unclear if there is an increased incidence of clinical actinomycosis in the HIV positive population, as it has not to our knowledge been previously reported.
Dynamic analysis of non-symmetric problems for frictionless indentation and plane crack extension

Two-dimensional dynamic analyses of contact and stress loading problems associated with non-symmetric frictionless rigid indentation and plane crack extension under normal stress are presented. The extension rates of the contact strip/crack surfaces are assumed to be constant and sub-critical. Homogeneous function techniques are used to derive general mathematical solutions which are then fitted to the physical problem by matching the predicted and prescribed displacement/stress distributions on the contact strip/crack surfaces. By studying several examples, it is seen that coupling between inherently symmetric and antisymmetric components of the mathematical solutions complicates this procedure. Moreover, the relation between loading and solution behavior is not always physically obvious, especially with regard to symmetry/antisymmetry.
Advancements in Immune Tolerance

In recent years, considerable attention has been given to immune tolerance and its potential clinical applications for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases, and the prevention of allo-graft rejection and graft-versus-host diseases. Advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance in various experimental settings and animal models, and in our ability to manipulate the development of various immune tolerogenic cells in vitro and in vivo, have generated significant momentum for the field of cell-based tolerogenic therapy. This review briefly summarizes the major tolerogenic cell populations and their mechanisms of action, while focusing mainly on potential exploitation of their tolerogenic mechanisms for clinical applications.
SIMPLE DETERMINISTIC AND RANDOMIZED ALGORITHMS FOR LINKED LIST RANKING ON THE EREW PRAM MODEL

An asynchronous, CRCW PRAM (or APRAM) algorithm for linked list ranking, proposed by Martel and Subramonian, performs EO(n log log n) expected work employing processors. Motivated by their unique approach, this paper proposes two EREW list ranking algorithms – one deterministic and the other randomized. The deterministic algorithm performs in time using p processors, where n≥p log p. Thus, for p=O(n/log n), it requires O(log n log log n) time and O(n log log n) work. Although not work-optimal, this algorithm is very simple compared to the known work-optimal (deterministic) EREW algorithms for list ranking and has the added advantage of small constant factors in the time and space requirements. The randomized algorithm follows the same line of approach, but uses randomization in one step to decrease the time complexity, thus improving on the time complexity of the original algorithm. It requires expected time, and hence it is an EO(log n) expected time, work-optimal algorithm employing p=O(n/log n) processors. Furthermore, the randomized algorithm uses less space than the deterministic algorithm.
Physical accessibility of touchscreen smartphones

This paper examines the use of touchscreen smartphones, focusing on physical access. Using interviews and observations, we found that participants with dexterity impairment considered a smartphone both useful and usable, but tablet devices offer several important advantages. Cost is a major barrier to adoption. We describe usability problems that are not addressed by existing accessibility options, and observe that the dexterity demands of important accessibility features made them unusable for many participants. Despite participants' enthusiasm for both smartphones and tablet devices, their potential is not yet fully realized for this population.
SamMatch: a flexible and efficient sampling-based image retrieval technique for large image databases

The rapid growth of digital image data increases the need for efficient and effective image retrieval systems. Such systems should provide functionality that tailors to the user's need at the query time. In this paper, we propose a new image retrieval technique that allows users to control the relevantness of the results. For each image, the color contents of its regions are captured and used to compute similarity. Various factors, assigned automatically or by the user, allow high recall and precision to be obtained. We implemented the proposed technique for a large database of 16,000 images. Our experimental results show that this technique is not only space-time efficient but also more effective than recently proposed color histogram techniques.
Traitement du prolapsus du dôme vaginal par sacrocolpopexie laparoscopique assistée par robot

Resume La sacrocolpopexie transabdominale est une excellente option therapeutique definitive chez les patientes presentant des prolapsus du dome vaginal, avec des taux de succes a long terme de 93-99 %. Toutefois, il s'agit d'une intervention transabdominale, et elle est associee a une morbidite elevee par rapport aux reparations vaginales. Nous decrivons une nouvelle technique peu invasive de reparation du prolapsus du dome vaginal et presentons notre experience initiale. La technique chirurgicale comprend l'introduction de cinq trocarts laparoscopiques : trois pour le robot Da Vinci ® et deux pour l'assistant. On attache alors un filet de polypropylene au promontoire sacre et a l'apex vaginal avec des sutures en Gore-Tex ® . A la fin de l'intervention, le materiel du filet est recouvert par le peritoine. Nous presentons aussi notre experience initiale avec cette technique. L'analyse est centree sur les complications, la continence urinaire, la satisfaction globale et la morbidite. Au cours des 2 dernieres annees, 25 patientes ont beneficie d'une sacrocolpopexie laparoscopique assistee par robot, dans notre institut, pour un prolapsus du dome vaginal symptomatique. Dix femmes sur 25 (40 %) ont ete soumises a une cure d'incontinence concomitante. Le suivi moyen a ete de 5,1 mois (1-12) et l'âge moyen de 66 ans (47-82). La duree operatoire totale etait de 3,2 heures (2,25-4,75). Chez une patiente, une conversion a ete necessaire pour des raisons anatomiques. Toutes les patientes sauf une sont rentrees a domicile apres une nuit d'hospitalisation ; une patiente a quitte le service 2 jours apres l'operation. Les complications ont consiste en des infections sans gravite du site d'introduction des trocarts chez deux patientes, gueries par une antibiotherapie orale. Une patiente a developpe une rectocele recidivante de grade 3, sans signe de cystocele ni d'enterocele. Nous presentons une nouvelle technique robotisee de reparation du prolapsus du dome vaginal qui associe les avantages de la sacrocolpopexie ouverte a la faible morbidite et au meilleur resultat esthetique de la chirurgie laparoscopique. Elle est associee a une hospitalisation breve, a de faibles taux de complications et conversion, et a une satisfaction elevee des patientes. Bien que notre experience preliminaire soit encourageante, les donnees a long terme sont necessaires pour confirmer ces resultats et etablir la longevite de cette reparation.
Negotiating order in the policing of youth drinking

Purpose – Field studies of police behavior have tended to focus on the generalized patrol function in major urban areas. Largely absent from this body of literature are considerations of specialized units, particularly in smaller communities. Studies of police discretion often center on the arrest decision, giving less attention to other aspects of sanctioning discretion. This study seeks to examine how police officers in a mid‐western college community used leniency and coercion to negotiate order in policing the consumption of alcohol by college‐aged youth.Design/methodology/approach – Field observations and interviews were used to study decision‐making patterns among both general patrol officers and personnel assigned to a specialized unit tasked with patrolling alcohol establishments.Findings – Findings suggested that officers employed leniency in variable patterns, primarily based on duty assignment. At the same time, citizen demeanor was often a key in shaping sanctioning outcomes in alcohol‐enforce...
Direct Adaptive Control for Infinite-Dimensional Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems

Abstract Given a linear continuous-time infinite-dimensional plant on a Hilbert space and disturbances of known and unknown waveform, we show that there exists a stabilizing direct model reference adaptive control law with certain disturbance rejection and robustness properties. The closed loop system is shown to be exponentially convergent to a neighborhood with radius proportional to bounds on the size of the disturbance. The plant is described by a closed densely defined linear operator that generates a continuous semigroup of bounded operators on the Hilbert space of states. Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems of partial differential equations describe many physical phenomena such as wave behavior, electromagnetic fields, and quantum fields. To illustrate the utility of the adaptive control law, we apply the results to control of symmetric hyperbolic systems with coercive boundary conditions.
Polymer-supported reagents for the selective complexation of metal ions : an overview

Research from the current literature on various ligands that display different affinities toward metal ions will be summarized. Important ligands include heterocyclic amines, amidoximes, dithizone, hydroxamic acid, crown ethers, phenolics and phosphorus-based ligands.