cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plexiform and other unusual variants of palisaded encapsulated neuroma

Palisaded, encapsulated neuroma (PEN) has been described as a predominantly solitary, nodular tumor; plexiform or multinodular growth patterns have not been reported in detail. We reviewed 55 PEN in order to evaluate: 1) the predominant growth patterns; 2) features that may indicate previous trauma; and 3) association with acne-like changes. Sixteen cases (29%) had growth patterns other than the solitary, nodular type. These patterns were: a) plexiform (7/16), b) multinodular (5/16), and c) fungating (4/16). Other unusual features included evidence of trauma, i.e., fibrosis, myxoid change, chronic inflammation (5/16), partially incomplete capsule (6/16), and association with acne-like features (13/16). These results suggest that: 1) plexiform or multinodular growth patterns occur relatively often in PEN; 2) some changes indicate a possible histogenetic relation to traumatic neuroma, probably via secondary traumatization; 3) a high frequency of association with acne-like changes which could imply, but does not prove, an acne-induced histogenesis; and 4) the differential diagnosis of cutaneous plexiform lesions should include PEN.
Some properties of Escherichia coli adenyl cyclase.

Abstract In Escherichia coli cell-free extract, prepared by either French press or sonication, greater than 90% of the adenyl cyclase activity was found to be associated with the particulate fraction. However, the enzyme was readily extracted with Tris-HCl buffer. The molecular weight of E. coli adenyl cyclase was estimated to be about 110,000 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme followed normal kinetics with 0.45 m m as the K m value for ATP. ADP, UTP, CTP and GTP competitively inhibited the reaction. GTP and dATP could partially substitute for ATP as substrate and were about 10 and 30% as effective, respectively. The enzyme reaction was inhibited by pyridoxal phosphate. This inhibition could be partially reversed by the addition of lysine. Oxalacetate, pyruvate, acetyl phosphate, and ribose 5-phosphate also inhibited the enzyme reaction. The significance of these inhibitions in the regulation of cyclase activity is not clear.
The role of customer-premises bandwidth management

Concerns the economics of customer-premises agents that manage the bandwidth demanded by next-generation, high-speed networks. Models are proposed for the hypothetical prices of SONET and ATM telecommunication services. The ATM model builds on the SONET model, splitting the leased-line price into two components/spl mdash/a traffic-insensitive charge for port and access fees and a traffic-sensitive charge for delivering cells through the network/spl mdash/which are balanced so as to make the cost of ATM service at a pre-determined level of network utilization equal to the cost of a leased line. The models are extended to incorporate the rate at which transmission prices are expected to fall over time, the rate at which link traffic is expected to grow, and the degree of bandwidth conservation offered by the management system. The results show net economic efficiency over a wide range of circumstances, thereby suggesting the continued usefulness of customer-premises bandwidth management well into the future. >
One-step real-time RT-PCR for pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 matrix gene detection in swine samples

In the spring of 2009, a novel (H1N1) influenza A virus began to spread among humans worldwide. Although the 2009 H1N1 is related genetically to swine influenza viruses, human infection has not been connected to pig exposure. Because the virus is now circulating widely in the human population, swine herds are at increased risk of becoming infected. In order to investigate potential outbreaks of the 2009 pandemic virus in pigs, a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the detection of the (H1N1) 2009 RNA in clinical specimens was developed. To evaluate the applicability of the test as a diagnostic tool in the screening of field specimens from swine, 64 field isolates of North American swine, 5 equine and 48 avian influenza viruses collected during diagnostic investigations were analyzed retrospectively as well as samples collected during an experimental in vivo infection with two novel H1N1 isolates, A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)v virus and A/Mexico/4108/2009 (H1N1)v. The sensitivity of the qRT-PCR was shown to be higher with respect to standard techniques such as virus isolation and the reproducibility was satisfactory. The present unique and highly sensitive assay is able to detect as little as 1 x 10(1) copies of RNA per microl of template and it represents a rapid and useful approach for the screening and quantitation of (H1N1) 2009 RNA in porcine specimens.
Jacob Lawrence's The Migration Series: Art as Narrative History

Because art is a reflection of cultural heritage, a natural affinity exists between art and social studies. In Jacob Lawrence's The Migration Series, art serves as narrative history, with visual images telling the story of the Great Migration, a movement of African American people from the South to the North around World War I. Social studies and the arts can be effectively integrated using principles of discipline-based arts education and comprehensive arts education. In this article, the author provides (1) background information on the historical period, artist, and art, (2) objectives, (3) sample guided discussion questions and extension activities, and (4) sample assessment ideas. He also outlines a complete sample lesson, synthesizing the principles and ideas into a meaningful whole in which social studies studies enhances teaching and learning in the arts and vice versa.
Running around the clock: competition, aggression and temporal partitioning of running wheel use in male mice

The strategies that animals use to obtain valuable resources are affected by resource quality and availability (e.g. spatial distribution), population dynamics (e.g. competitor-to-resource ratio) and individual characteristics (e.g. competitive ability). Theoretical papers and field observations suggest that aggressive resource competition, particularly by individuals with high competitive ability, increases as the competitor-to-resource ratio increases. On the other hand, individuals with low competitive ability should adopt a scramble competitive strategy, for example by expanding their home range or utilizing resources at suboptimal times. We tested these theoretical predictions in male house mice, Mus musculus domesticus, by experimentally manipulating the distribution of a desirable resource, a running wheel. Four male mice were exposed to three treatments (zero, one or four running wheels present) using a repeated measures design. We found that aggression increased as the competitor-to-resource ratio increased. In addition, mice with high competitive ability had species-typical nocturnally biased activity and running wheel use patterns, while mice with low competitive ability had more diurnally biased activity and running wheel use patterns. Our results show that aggression encourages less competitive mice to adopt a scramble competitive strategy through temporal partitioning and provides empirical evidence for the predictions of resource defence theory.
A tabular summary of cluttering subjects in the special edition

Tables summarizing results of questionnaires, completed by authors, for each cluttering subject are presented. The first table summarizes symptoms and abnomalities manifested by the 29 clutterers. The second table summarizes the targets, procedures, and results of therapy for 15 of the clutterers for whom knowledge of therapy was available.
Amino Acid Export in Plants: A Missing Link in Nitrogen Cycling

The export of nutrients from source organs to parts of the body where they are required (e.g. sink organs) is a fundamental biological process. Export of amino acids, one of the most abundant nitrogen species in plant long-distance transport tissues (i.e. xylem and phloem), is an essential process for the proper distribution of nitrogen in the plant. Physiological studies have detected the presence of multiple amino acid export systems in plant cell membranes. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the molecular identity of amino acid exporters, partially due to the technical difficulties hampering the identification of exporter proteins. In this short review, we will summarize our current knowledge about amino acid export systems in plants. Several studies have described plant amino acid transporters capable of bi-directional, facilitative transport, reminiscent of activities identified by earlier physiological studies. Moreover, recent expansion in the number of available amino acid transporter sequences have revealed evolutionary relationships between amino acid exporters from other organisms with a number of uncharacterized plant proteins, some of which might also function as amino acid exporters. In addition, genes that may regulate export of amino acids have been discovered. Studies of these putative transporter and regulator proteins may help in understanding the elusive molecular mechanisms of amino acid export in plants.
Novel living skin replacement biotherapy approach for wounded skin tissues.

A novel living skin replacement (LSR) biotherapy concept, addressing the challenging problems related to tissue regeneration and wound healing, is presented for the treatment of skin burns, traumat...
Is partial laryngectomy safe forever

Abstract Objectives Over past decades, function-preserving surgery has been oncologically effective for specific types of laryngeal cancer. Although safe short-term swallow function has been reported, swallow safety during long-term survival has received less attention. The purpose of this report is to highlight potential consequences of late dysphagia and chronic aspiration after partial laryngectomy. Methods A retrospective case series was performed. The head and neck cancer database from Yale–New Haven Hospital identified 3 patients requiring completion laryngectomy due to chronic aspiration 11–15 years after oncologically successful partial laryngectomy. Demographics, presentation, treatment, and course are included. Results Primary treatment was open supraglottic laryngectomy with adjuvant radiation therapy ( n = 2) and vertical hemilaryngectomy ( n = 1). All patients demonstrated locoregional control and preservation of swallow function for > 10 years postoperatively. Due to late dysphagia and chronic aspiration, two patients required completion laryngectomy 11 and 15 years postoperatively and the third patient will require this 14 years postoperatively. Conclusions Successful swallowing after function-preserving laryngeal surgery may not last forever despite adequate control of cancer. Three patients presented with aspiration 11–15 years after partial laryngectomy and required definitive completion laryngectomy. This observation may affect preoperative counseling and consideration for longer post-operative follow-up. The data encourage a larger sample size.
Response: Why It Is Time to Sequence

In response to our Essay “Genetic Heterogeneity of Human Disease” (McClellan and King, 2010), Wang et al. and Klein et al. challenge our critique of GWAS findings. Both Correspondence suggest that our conclusions lack an understanding of the principles of the common variant-common disease model and its application in GWAS methodology. We respectfully disagree, and in fact our Essay directly addressed many of their points. We are happy to clarify further. The issue is not ignorance of GWAS methodology; the issue is reconciling GWAS findings with population genetics, evolution, and biology.
Cloning and expression of the cDNA for mouse NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase.

The cDNA for mouse NAD+ dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) was isolated from a lung cDNA library. The cDNA contains a 798 bp open reading frame that codes for a protein of 266 amino acids (Mr 28 775) which shares 87% identity with the human 15-PGDH protein. The regions that are believed to form the NAD+ binding site and the active site are conserved in the mouse and human enzymes. The authenticity of the mouse cDNA was confirmed by expression of an active 15-PGDH inEscherichia coli. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that 15-PGDH mRNA is expressed primarily in lung, intestine, stomach and liver.
What Teacher Education Programs Can Learn From Successful Mexican-Descent Students

Abstract This study explored the high school experiences of 32 Mexican-descent students who had successfully graduated and were enrolled in institutions of higher learning. By conducting extended interviews with these students, the author sought to identify teachers' actions that the students found helpful or harmful to their learning experiences. These observations can be used to make recommendations for better preparing preservice teachers for the changing classroom demographics that are resulting from the rapidly rising percentage of Mexican-descent students in public schools. Better-prepared teachers may make a difference in increasing the low high-school completion rate for these students. One recommendation is that preservice teachers be aware of cultural differences and include these different cultures in the curriculum. It is also important that they avoid stereotypes. Preservice teachers need to realize that all students are capable of academic success. In addition, preservice teachers must be pr...
Synthesis of DNA transcripts of potato spindle tuber viroid

1. Introduction Sequences in the DNA of several uninfected solanaceous host species have recently been shown to represent at least 60% of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) [ l] . PSTV replication is known to be inhibited by actinomycin D, which suggests involve- ment of DNA [2,3]. No new DNA sequences related to PSTV were found at detectable levels after infec- tion of tomato plants with PSTV [l] , which suggests that PSTV may be replicated on a DNA template that is already present in the uninfected host plant. RNA-Directed DNA polymerase (reverse trans- criptase) from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) lacks template specificity [4], making it useful for synthesiz- ing DNA complements from a wide variety of RNA species. The RNA template to be copied must contain a natural double-stranded primer region or a region to which a complementary sequence can be hybridized, i.e., a poly(A) stretch [5,6]. DNA polymerase I from
Improving lake riparian source area management using surface and subsurface runoff indices

Sensitivity indices, which rank factors pertinent to surface and subsurface runoff pathways, were used to identify phosphorus source areas in riparian zones of 15 northern Minnesota lakes. Watershed models were first developed using a geographic information system (GIS). Empirical models were then developed correlating water quality with land use, lake morphometry, and riparian sensitivity. Base models of forested, cultivated, pasture/open, wetland and residential land use within 100, 200, 400, and 2000 m of the study lakes were regressed on total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Area-weighted groundwater and surface runoff sensitivity indices were then incorporated into each model and tested for significance. Within the 200-m buffer, the total phosphorus base model was improved by including the groundwater index alone. The chlorophyll-a base model at 200 m was improved by including: (1) the groundwater index alone, and (2) both the groundwater and surface runoff sensitivity indices. Results suggest that surface and subsurface runoff analysis of potential source areas can improve decision making for lake riparian management.
A Retrospective, Empirical Study of Grief-Related Beliefs in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center

This article reports on the findings of a retrospective, empirical study that explores and describes grief-related beliefs of a convenience sample of 312 persons in a Veterans hospital. These beliefs may facilitate bereaved individuals’ emotional regulation and adaptive responses to loss conceptualized in the dual process model. The study addresses the question: Do gender, employment status, and loss burden contribute to differences in grief-related beliefs? The findings reveal significant gender differences, and also that grief-related beliefs are reality rather than myth-oriented. Study limitations and implications for social work practice in bereavement care and hospice settings are discussed.
Post-transcriptional control of avian oncornavirus transforming gene sequences in mammalian cells.

TRANSFORMATION of cells by RNA tumour viruses generally results in a stable association of the viral genome with the morphologically altered cell. Studies with temperature-sensitive mutants of these viruses have clearly demonstrated that viral-specific gene functions are required for establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype1–6. For avian oncornaviruses the transforming (sarcoma) gene sequences are required for both transformation of cells in tissue culture and the production of tumours in animals7–8. In all of the oncornavirus-infected mammalian cell systems studied to date regulation of expression of the avian RNA tumour virus transforming gene sequences seems to be under the influence of transcriptional control mechanism(s) because appreciable differences in the amount of sarcoma-specific RNA can be detected in cells exhibiting normal and transformed phenotypes. For instance, the amount of sarcoma-specific RNA was substantially reduced in most revertant subclones of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-infected hamster cells compared with the original transformed clones9–11. Although several revertant RSV-hamster cells exhibited less dramatic differences in sarcoma-specific RNA, it nevertheless seemed that the transformed phenotype was directly related to the extent of transcription of the virus transforming gene sequences in this transformed/revertant cell system. A similar correlation between the amount of sarcoma-specific viral RNA and the malignant phenotype was recently reported for murine sarcoma virus-infected cells12.
Two-stage revision for the infected total knee arthroplasty: The gold standard

Abstract Infection in total knee arthroplasty is a devastating complication requiring the surgeon to weigh duration of symptoms, host factors, and the characteristics of the afflicting agent when devising a management strategy. Due to its well-documented success rate, most centers in North America prefer a two-stage revision strategy. This approach allows for higher likelihood of foreign material removal and eradication of the infecting pathogen. Although the success of single-stage exchange arthroplasty has been noted in the literature, its use should be relegated to a highly selective patient population.
Short- and long-term histologic effects of topical tretinoin on photodamaged skin.

Background A series of clinical trials lasting up to 4 years had demonstrated that topical tretinoin improves facial appearance by reducing the visible signs of photodamage. Objective This paper reviews the studies designed to explore the relationship between clinical improvement and histologic changes. Methods Histologic changes in biopsies taken at various time points from clinical trial participants were examined by pathologists blinded to treatment regimens. Results Histologic evaluations of photodamaged skin during the course of treatment with tretinoin have revealed an array of time-dependent morphologic changes which can be classified as early, intermediate, and late. Initial changes in fine wrinkling and texture appear to correlate with epidermal mucin and compaction of the stratum corneum, but the latter is transient and ultimately returns to pre-treatment levels. Alterations in dermal matrix components have been noted with prolonged treatment. Partial restoration of the dermal collagen by new synthesis may contribute to the sustained improvement in fine wrinkling noted even when the treatment frequency is reduced from daily to three times weekly. As treatment is continued beyond 24 months, the collagen organization continues to improve and elastosis continues to decrease. Increases in epidermal and dermal mucin and decreases in epidermal melanin are consistent throughout the treatment period. The reduction in the hyperpigmentation of photodamage is comparable with the histologic and clinical improvements seen when tretinoin is used to treat conditions such as melasma. No adverse effects on the histopathology of the skin are noted with long-term exposure to tretinoin. Neither keratinocyte nor melanocyte atypia is detected. Conclusions Although there does not seem to be a direct correlation between histologic changes and clinical improvement, the major structural changes appear to be directed at restoring the skin to the pre-sun-damaged state.
A reciprocal regulatory interaction between megakaryocytes, bone cells, and hematopoietic stem cells

A growing body of evidence suggests that megakaryocytes (MK) or their growth factors play a role in skeletal homeostasis. MK have been shown to express and/or secrete several bone-related proteins including osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic proteins, and osteoprotegerin. In addition, at least 3 mouse models have been described in which MK number was significantly elevated with an accompanying marked increase in bone mineral density. Mice overexpressing thrombopoietin, the major MK growth factor, have an osteosclerotic bone phenotype. Mice deficient in transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2, which are required for the differentiation of MK, exhibited a strikingly increased bone mass. Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated that MK can stimulate osteoblast (OB) proliferation and differentiation in vitro and that they can also inhibit osteoclast (OC) formation in vitro. These findings suggest that MK play a dual role in skeletal homeostasis by stimulating formation while simultaneously inhibiting resorption. Conversely, cells of the osteoblast lineage support hematopoiesis, including megakaryopoiesis. Postnatal hematopoiesis occurs almost solely in the bone marrow (BM), close to or on endosteal surfaces. This finding, in conjunction with the observed contact of OB with hematopoietic cells, has lead investigators to explore the molecular and cellular interactions between hematopoietic cells and cells of the OB lineage. Importantly, it has been shown that many of the cytokines that are critical for normal hematopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis are produced by OB. Indeed, culturing osteoblasts with CD34+ BM cells significantly enhances hematopoietic cell number by both enhancing the proliferation of long-term culture initiating cells and the proliferation and differentiation of MK. These data are consistent with cells in the OB lineage playing a critical role in the hematopoietic niche. Overall, these observations demonstrate the importance of MK-bone cell interactions in both skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis.
The molecular basis for the chemical denaturation of proteins by urea

Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 in 8 M urea at 60 degrees C were undertaken to investigate the molecular basis of chemical denaturation. The protein unfolded rapidly under these conditions, but it retained its native structure in a control simulation in water at the same temperature. The overall process of unfolding in urea was similar to that observed in thermal denaturation simulations above the protein's T(m) of 75 degrees C. The first step in unfolding was expansion of the hydrophobic core. Then, the core was solvated by water and later by urea. The denatured structures in both urea and at high temperature contained residual native helical structure, whereas the beta-structure was completely disrupted. The average residence time for urea around hydrophilic groups was six times greater than around hydrophobic residues and in all cases greater than the corresponding water residence times. Water self-diffusion was reduced 40% in 8 M urea. Urea altered water structure and dynamics, thereby diminishing the hydrophobic effect and encouraging solvation of hydrophobic groups. In addition, through urea's weakening of water structure, water became free to compete with intraprotein interactions. Urea also interacted directly with polar residues and the peptide backbone, thereby stabilizing nonnative conformations. These simulations suggest that urea denatures proteins via both direct and indirect mechanisms.
Responses of Macaque Perirhinal Neurons during and after Visual Stimulus Association Learning

Recent lesion studies have implicated the perirhinal cortex in learning that two objects are associated, i.e., visual association learning. In this experiment we tested whether neuronal responses to associated stimuli in perirhinal cortex are altered over the course of learning. Neurons were recorded from monkeys during performance of a visual discrimination task in which a predictor stimulus was followed, after a delay, by a GO or NO-GO choice stimulus. Association learning had two major influences on neuronal responses. First, responses to frequently paired predictor-choice stimuli were more similar to one another than was the case with infrequently paired stimuli. Second, the magnitude of activity during the delay was correlated with the magnitude of responses to both the predictor and choice stimuli. Both of these learning effects were found only for stimulus pairs that had been associated on at least 2 d of training. Early in training, the delay activity was correlated only with the response to the predictor stimuli. Thus, with long-term training, perirhinal neurons tend to link the representations of temporally associated stimuli.
Sleep deprivation potentiates HPA axis stress reactivity in healthy adults.

OBJECTIVE This article describes an experiment that was designed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on physiological stress responses in healthy adults. METHOD Twenty-six participants, ages 22-49, completed a 3-night laboratory experiment with randomization to one night of sleep-deprivation or a normal-sleep control condition. After a night of baseline sleep, 12 participants were sleep deprived and 14 were not. After the sleep manipulation, each participant completed the Trier Social Stress Test, a task that requires delivering a speech and performing difficult arithmetic in front of a stern, three-person panel. The stressor was administered from 5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m. and saliva samples were collected 20 and 5 min before (baseline) and 5, 20, and 40 min after the stressor. Samples were assayed for cortisol (a biomarker for the HPA axis) and alpha-amylase (a putative biomarker for the sympatho-adrenal medullar system). RESULTS Sleep deprivation was associated with higher cortisol levels at baseline (p < .0001) and an amplified cortisol response to the stressor relative to control participants (pinteraction = 0.0039). Alpha-amylase showed a significant main effect of the stressor (p = .0026), but there was no effect of sleep loss at baseline or in response to the stressor. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation is associated with both elevated resting cortisol release and with an exaggerated cortisol response to a stressor indicative of elevated HPA axis responses in healthy adults. Individual differences in the magnitude of this response may represent a risk factor for psychological and physical health consequences associated with heightened cortisol exposure.
Noninvasive Radiofrequency Field Destruction of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Xenografts Treated with Targeted Gold Nanoparticles

Purpose: Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers with few effective treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are potentially therapeutic because of the safety demonstrated thus far and their physiochemical characteristics. We used the astounding heating rates of AuNPs in nonionizing radiofrequency (RF) radiation to investigate human pancreatic xenograft destruction in a murine model. Experimental Design: Weekly, Panc-1 and Capan-1 human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in immunocompromised mice were exposed to an RF field 36 hours after treatment (intraperitoneal) with cetuximab- or PAM4 antibody–conjugated AuNPs, respectively. Tumor sizes were measured weekly, whereas necrosis and cleaved caspase-3 were investigated with hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunofluorescence, respectively. In addition, AuNP internalization and cytotoxicity were investigated in vitro with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Panc-1 cells demonstrated increased apoptosis with decreased viability after treatment with cetuximab-conjugated AuNPs and RF field exposure ( P = 0.00005). Differences in xenograft volumes were observed within 2 weeks of initiating therapy. Cetuximab- and PAM4-conjugated AuNPs demonstrated RF field–induced destruction of Panc-1 and Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma xenografts after 6 weeks of weekly treatment ( P = 0.004 and P = 0.035, respectively). There was no evidence of injury to murine organs. Cleaved caspase-3 and necrosis were both increased in treated tumors. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a potentially novel cancer therapy by noninvasively inducing intracellular hyperthermia with targeted AuNPs in an RF field. While the therapy is dependent on the specificity of the targeting antibody, normal tissues were without toxicity despite systemic therapy and whole-body RF field exposure. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5712–21. ©2010 AACR.
Operator Algebraic Quotient Structures Induced by Direct Graphs II

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the operator algebraic quotient structures induced by directed graphs. We enlarge our study of Cho (Compl Anal Oper Theory, 2008) to the general case. This can be done by constructing new graphs from given graphs called the pull-back graphs. We consider the corresponding groupoids, and von Neumann algebras of pull-back graphs.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ZOOGLAN-115, AN EXOCELLULAR GLYCAN OF Zoogloea ramigera-115

Zooglan-115 shows Newtonian flow at a concentration of 0.2% or less, Bingham flow between 0.2 and 0.4%, and mixed flow greater than 0.4%. It was stable in the pH range 3.0–10.0. Zooglan-115 is compatible with most gum systems such as guar, locust bean, arabic, karaya, xanthan, and tragacanth, but shows an antagonistic effect with cellulose backbone glycans, microcrystalline cellulose, and CMC. A 0.1% solution at 22°C reduced the surface tension of water from 72 dynes/cm to 63 dynes/cm, and also lowered the interfacial tension with winterized soybean oil from 19 dynes/cm to 12 dynes/cm. The combined functional properties of viscoelasticity (and therefore possessing a yield value), surface-activtity, acid stability, and salt compatability enable Zooglan-115 to be a good stabilizer/emulsifier when used in oil-in-water emulsion systems.
Promoting Conflict Management and Preventing Youth Violence

(2001). Promoting Conflict Management and Preventing Youth Violence. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 32, Special Issue on Mental Health, pp. 315-318.
Measuring evangelicalism : consequences of different operationalization strategies

Several investigations of American evangelicalism have been conducted in recent decades, yet they conceptualize evangelicalism in different ways. It is not surprising, therefore, that different profiles of the evangelical movement and its adherents emerge from these studies. This research reviews major studies on the subject undertaken since 1976, when evangelicals first attracted national attention. Using data collected in a single data set-the 1998 General Social Survey-we show how measurement strategies employed in different studies yield drastically different pictures of evangelicalism. Conservative measures indicate that only one in 20 Americans is evangelical while one in two is evangelical according to a combination of more expansive measures. The demographic, cultural, and religious characteristics of evangelicals, as well as theories about them, hinge upon how the population is defined.
Efficacy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation for Reducing State Anxiety among Elderly Adults on Memory Tasks

Cognitively intact anxious elderly subjects were randomly assigned to either a progressive muscle relaxation-training condition or control condition (ns = 15) and then completed selected subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale--Revised. Despite significant reductions in state anxiety in the relaxation group, no significant differences were detected between the two groups on memory measures. These results are discussed within the context of previous research, and suggestions for further research are made.
FIRE, MOWING, AND HAND-REMOVAL OF WOODY SPECIES IN RESTORING A NATIVE WETLAND PRAIRIE IN THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY OF OREGON

The invasion of prairies by woody species is a worldwide conservation concern. Fire is frequently used to inhibit this invasion. However, there is little documentation of the effect of fire in wetland prairies, which are also threatened with encroachment of woody species. The present study investigated wetland species responses to experimental burning, hand-removal of woody species, and mowing with removal of cut material. The possible ecological mechanisms responsible for individualistic responses of species, including direct mortality, ability to resprout, and release from competition are considered. We also evaluated these treatments as tools for meeting restoration objectives of reducing the abundance of woody species, reducing or preventing spread of non-native pest species, and increasing or at least maintaining native species’ abundance. After two years of treatments (1994 and 1996) three patterns emerged. 1) Woody species: Burning and hand-removal caused the greatest reductions in cover of woody species. Mowing with removal of cut material, however, did not reduce the cover of woody species compared to controls. As woody plant cover decreased, plant mortality increased, indicating that treatments influenced woody plant cover at least partially through mortality. 2) Native herbaceous species: Burning significantly decreased inflorescence production of Deschampsia cespitosa, the dominant wetland prairie grass. In contrast, burning, along with mowing, significantly increased flowering of Juncus tenuis. Flowering and cover of all native graminoids combined, however, showed no significant responses to treatments. Burning and hand-removal significantly promoted the cover of native forbs as a group, with Lotus purshiana and Veronica scutellata showing the greatest increases. 3) Non-native herbaceous species: Burning and hand-removal significantly reduced the cover of non-native forbs as a group and particularly reduced the cover of Hypericum perforatum. The number of inflorescences of non-native grasses (Holcus lanatus and Anthoxanthum odoratum) increased with hand-removal and mowing. Overall, no treatment was clearly superior in fulfilling the restoration objectives. Burning was effective in reducing woody cover and did not promote abundance of non-native herbaceous species. Burning, however, reduced the flowering of the key native grass, Deschampsia cespitosa. Hand-removal of woody species was also effective at reducing woody cover and promoted the abundance of some native species, but it sometimes increased the cover of non-native herbaceous species. Because mowing with removal of cut material was ineffective in reducing woody cover and tended to promote non-native herbaceous species, this treatment is not recommended as a management tool.
Twenty-first Mary McMillan lecture.

Although I must stand somewhat alone at this moment, I accept this honor knowing that it is shared with so many individuals—individuals who have led, who have stood by and offered support and encouragement, and those who gave a push now and then; individual members of my family; and other individuals who are the most loyal of friends. Recognizing both the singularity and the source of this particular honor, I present some bouquets: to Brown, one of my brothers, who offers the strength and comfort of brotherly support by his presence here on this occasion and who represents others in our family; to that very special group of alumni of the Graduate Physical Therapy Curriculum, Case Western Reserve University, and the faculty members, classroom and clinical, with whom I worked at that institution; to fellow members of the Army Medical Specialist Corps; to members of the American Physical Therapy Association and staff of the Association's headquarters with whom I have served; and to the alumni, students, faculty, and staff of the Division of Physical Therapy, School of Community and Allied Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Rating photovoltaics

The rating of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules is critical in comparing the performance of the plethora of competing PV technologies. The rating should be easy to reproduce, give a unique value in the absence of measurement error, and, most importantly, be directly related to the expected system performance. PV rating methods have evolved since the first measurement workshop in 1975. Consensus standards exist and the PV community is in agreement on how to rate most PV technologies for terrestrial and space applications. There is still disagreement on the proper probing for Si wafers and how to test low-concentration, bifacial cells. Because of the low demand, there has been little effort to standardize rating PV for indoor or other applications that do not involve bulk power generation as their primary activity.
Drug Abuse in Russia: An Emerging Threat

In the Soviet era, drug abuse was seen as a crime. Recent developments suggest that Russia may finally be recognizing that it is a health problem with serious social implications.
Effecting Change in a Reform Context: The National Performance Review and the Contingencies of “Microlevel” Reform Implementation

The administrative prescriptions promoted by the National Performance Review were targeted toward intra-agency organizational elements such as work processes, group structures, culture, and job sco...
Finite Element Analysis for Orthogonal Cuttings of Hardened AISI 52100 by Advanced cBN-TiN Composite Coated Tools of Two Depositing cBN Particle Sizes

A finite element model is developed to predict the temperature distribution and stress distribution in orthogonal machining of hardened AISI 52100 steel (62HRC) from using advanced cBN-TiN composited coating cutting tools. The advanced cBN-TiN composited coating tool is made of innovative two-stage composite coating methods: ESC (electrostatic spray coating) and CVI (chemical vapor infiltration). For a cBN-TiN composite coating on WC substrate cutting tool used in hard turning process, the ESC of nano-to-micron cBN particles forms a layer over WC-Co and TiN-TiC cermet tool inserts. CVI introduces TiN as binding material through the porous matrix to form a very dense coating. The finite element model is developed for hard turning simulations of composite coating cutting tools with different particulate particle size distributions. In this paper, two different size distributions of depositing cBN particles are investigated: cBN particle sizes of 0.5 and 2μm. Since solid Poly-crystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) tool is the dominant cutting tool used for hard turning applications, a comparative study of this advanced composited coating tools to solid PCBN can suggest a possible comparable alternative cutting tool for hard turning applications. Solid PCBN tool provides a lower maximum temperature than cBN-TiN coated tools. A better surface finish on cutting tool surface also has a significant role in lower the maximum temperature in this study.© 2009 ASME
Unilateral neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia: Diagnostic challenges.

Unilateral neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia: Diagnostic challenges
Plasma concentrations of prolactin, glucose, insulin, urea nitrogen, and total amino acids in stallions after ingestion of feed or gastric administration of feed components.

Concentrations of prolactin, glucose, insulin, urea N, and total amino acids in plasma of stallions after ingestion of pelleted feed were compared to those after direct gastric administration of water, NaCl, egg albumin, or corn starch (Exp. 1) or water, egg albumin, hydrolyzed casein (Amicase), or a mixture of indispensable amino acids (Exp. 2). Stallions were fed once daily (75% pellet and 25% hay) at 1500 for 30 d. On d 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30, blood samples were collected every 30 min from 1 h before through 4 h after treatment, which occurred at 1100. In Exp. 1, there was a positive secretory response for prolactin (P = .013) only after the meal. Positive glucose and insulin responses were observed after the meal (P < .055) and after gastric administration of corn starch (P < .001). Total amino acids increased (P = .008) only after the meal. In Exp. 2, a positive prolactin response (P < .001) occurred after the meal and a negative response (P = .023) after administration of water; administration of Amicase increased (P = .061) prolactin concentrations after a 2.5-h delay. Positive responses were observed for glucose, insulin, and total amino acids after the meal (P < .001) and after administration of Amicase or the amino acid mixture (P < .026). Positive urea N responses were observed after administration of Amicase and the amino acid mixture (P < .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the minimum-cost λ -edge-connected k-subgraph problem

In this paper, we propose several integer programming (IP) formulations to exactly solve the minimum-cost $$\lambda $$ -edge-connected k-subgraph problem, or the $$(k,\lambda )$$ -subgraph problem, based on its graph properties. Special cases of this problem include the well-known k-minimum spanning tree problem (if $$\lambda =1$$ ), $$\lambda $$ -edge-connected spanning subgraph problem (if $$k=|V|$$ ) and k-clique problem (if $$\lambda = k-1$$ and there are exact k vertices in the subgraph). As a generalization of k-minimum spanning tree and a case of the $$(k,\lambda )$$ -subgraph problem, the (k, 2)-subgraph problem is studied, and some special graph properties are proved to find stronger and more compact IP formulations. Additionally, we study the valid inequalities for these IP formulations. Numerical experiments are performed to compare proposed IP formulations and inequalities.
Noninvasive measurement of ascending aortic blood velocity in mice.

Mice are useful models in numerous research protocols, but monitoring cardiovascular parameters in small animals is difficult. Therefore we evaluated the use of 20-MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound to ...
Catalyzing Innovation in Social Work Practice.

Social innovation is defined by novelty and improvement. This definition requires social work practice to be more effective or efficient than preexisting alternatives. Practice innovation is accomplished by leveraging technical, social, and economic factors to generate novel interventions, diffusion or adoption of the interventions into broader use, and identification of the value created by the new approaches or processes. Innovation in social work practice is fundamentally hindered by the foundational trifecta on which the profession is built: (a) the structure of social work education, (b) diffusely focused professional organizations, and (c) siloed professional environments. This article explores the elements of social work education, professional organizations, and practice environments that impede innovation and offers recommendations for changes in each sector that can facilitate innovation.
El tratamiento periodístico de la pobreza infantil según las ONG del sector: análisis y propuesta de mejora

La infancia es el sector de la poblacion al que mas han afectado las consecuencias de la crisis economica en nuestro pais. La complejidad de su naturaleza va mas alla de la limitacion de recursos materiales ya que esta escasez influye en el pleno ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales de los mas pequenos, un colectivo social muy vulnerable. Los medios de comunicacion son reconocidos por las organizaciones sociales como fuentes de informacion fiables y como potenciales aliados para concienciar y alcanzar el cambio social. En esta investigacion nos preguntamos como perciben las entidades del tercer sector el tratamiento periodistico de la pobreza infantil en los medios a traves de una serie de entrevistas a personas encargadas de las tareas de comunicacion en diversas ONG. Un analisis del que se desprende que la superficialidad y la anecdota predominan frente a la profundizacion, lo que se deriva en sensaciona­lismo y estigmatizacion.
Hepatobiliary Imaging Update

This is the first article in a four-part series on interventional nuclear medicine. Upon completion, the nuclear medicine technologist should be able to (1) list the advantages of using interventional hepatic imaging, (2) identify the benefit in calculating HEF, and (3) utilize the HEF calculation method when appropriate.
Dysbetalipoproteinemia and Type III Hyperlipidemia

Dysbetalipoproteinemia is an uncommon variant of normal human lipoprotein metabolism, most frequently conferred by the homozygous inheritance of the E2 isoform of apolipoprotein E. In the absence of coexisting hyperlipidemia, the apo E2,2 genotype is actually associated with hypolipidemia, with diminished levels of low-density lipoproteins and reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, in the presence of a coexisting cause of hyperlipidemia (genetic or acquired), the hypolipidemia is converted to type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), with attendant increased risk of premature ASCVD as well as distinctive cutaneous xanthomas. Because of the insights it provides into both the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of lipoprotein transport and atherogenesis in humans and the paradox of its association with both hypo- and hyperlipidemia, dysbetalipoproteinemia has long been of interest to endocrinologists and students of lipoprotein metabolism out of proportion to the prevalence of type III HLP and its associated ASCVD risk burden.
Recoupled Pair Bonding: Unifying the Theory of Valence for the Main Group Elements

Abstract The valence of an element often exceeds the number of singly occupied orbitals in the electronic configuration of the ground state of the atom. In the early main group elements, the increase in valence is attributed to the formation of sp n hybrid orbitals and in the late main group elements beyond the first row to the formation of 3-center, 4-electron (3c-4e) bonds. Our studies have shown that a single new concept— recoupled pair bonding —underlies the increases in valence in both groups of elements. In this report, we describe recent studies of the CF n and SF n molecules that illustrate the nature of recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads and compare and contrast the recoupled pair bonds formed with the electrons in n s lone pairs (early main group elements) and n p lone pairs (late main group elements beyond the first row). Recoupled pair bonding also accounts for many of the other differences in the chemistry of the elements in the first and subsequent rows of the Periodic Table, which is known as the first row anomaly .