cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of the complete genomic sequences of four isolates of Gooseberry vein banding associated virus

The presence of Gooseberry vein banding associated virus (GVBaV), a badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae, is strongly correlated with gooseberry vein banding disease in Ribes spp. In this study, full-length genomic sequences of four GVBaV isolates from different hosts and geographic regions were determined to be 7649–7663 nucleotides. These isolates share identities of 96.4–97.3% for the complete genomic sequence, indicating low genetic diversity among them. The GVBaV genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs) on the plus strand that potentially encode proteins of 26, 16, and 216 kDa. The size and organization of GVBaV ORFs 1–3 are similar to those of most other badnaviruses. The putative amino acid sequence of GVBaV ORF 3 contained motifs that are conserved among badnavirus proteins including aspartic protease, reverse transcriptase, and ribonuclease H. The highly conserved putative plant tRNAmet-binding site is also present in the 935-bp intergenic region of GVBaV. The identities of the genomic sequences of GVBaV and other badnaviruses range from 49.1% (Sugarcane bacilliform Mor virus) to 51.7% (Pelargonium vein banding virus, PVBV). Phylogenetic analysis using the amino acid sequence of the ORF 3 putative protein shows that GVBaV groups most closely to Dioscorea bacilliform virus, PVBV, and Taro bacilliform virus. These results confirm that GVBaV is a pararetrovirus of the genus Badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae.
SU-E-T-329: Measurement of I-125 Brachytherapy Dose in Lung

Purpose: Sublobar resection and intraoperative placement of I‐125 seeds along the staple line is an accepted treatment for patients with high risk stage I non‐small cell lungcancer. The dosimetry standard for such an implant is to follow the TG43U1 protocol, which assigns water as the universal medium for dose calculation. This may not be appropriate for lungtissue. The purpose of this study is to characterize the dose distribution in lung relative to water using radiochromic film. Methods: Seven Amersham 6711 I‐125 seeds were sandwiched between slabs of Solid Water® on one side and lung‐equivalent material on the other side. A sheet of Gafchromic EBT2 film was inserted parallel to the sources axes at the depth of measurement in the water and the lung simultaneously. Separate measurements were performed for three depths of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm. The seeds were far enough apart from each other so as not to influence the measurement from the neighboring seeds. The exposures lasted 2 hours, 5.5 hours and 15 hours for 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. The total dose in water for these exposure times was 52 cGy, 35 cGy and 39 cGy, respectively. The ratios of lung over Solid Water® doses were averaged over the 7 seeds. Results: The lung to Solid Water® dose ratio was 1.071±0.062, 1.205±0.090 and 1.259±0.053 for the depths of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm, respectively. Conclusions: The dose in lung is quite similar to the dose in water at the depth of 0.5 cm, which is the prescription depth for a typical lung low dose rate brachytherapy implant. However, the attenuation in lung is smaller than in water, leading to an underestimation of lungdose at 1.5 cm by approximately 25% when TG43 parameters are used.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago.

The composition of the Earth's early atmosphere is a subject of continuing debate. In particular, it has been suggested that elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide would have been necessary to maintain normal surface temperatures in the face of lower solar luminosity in early Earth history. Fossil weathering profiles, known as palaeosols, have provided semi-quantitative constraints on atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (pO2) before 2.2 Gyr ago. Here we use the same well studied palaeosols to constrain atmospheric pCO2 between 2.75 and 2.2 Gyr ago. The observation that iron lost from the tops of these profiles was reprecipitated lower down as iron silicate minerals, rather than as iron carbonate, indicates that atmospheric pCO2 must have been less than 10(-1.4) atm--about 100 times today's level of 360 p.p.m., and at least five times lower than that required in one-dimensional climate models to compensate for lower solar luminosity at 2.75 Gyr. Our results suggest that either the Earth's early climate was much more sensitive to increases in pCO2 than has been thought, or that one or more greenhouse gases other than CO2 contributed significantly to the atmosphere's radiative balance during the late Archaean and early Proterozoic eons.
ALGAL BIOMASS AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION WITHIN A TEMPERATE ZONE SANDSTONE

The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to extract chlorophyll a and {sup 14}C-labelled photosynthate from endolithic algae of sparsely vegetated, cold temperate grasslands on the Colorado Plateau in Arizona has yielded the first estimates of biomass and photosynthesis for this unusual community. These subsurface microorganisms are found widespread in exposed Coconino Sandstone, a predominant formation in this cold temperate region. The endolithic community in Coconino Sandstone, composed primarily of coccoid blue-green and coccoid/sarcinoid green algae, yielded a biomass value (as chlorophyll a content) of 87 mg m{sup {minus}2} rock surface area and a photosynthetic rate of 0.37 mg CO{sub 2} dm{sup {minus}2} hr{sup {minus}1} or 0.48 mg CO{sub 2} mg{sup {minus}1} chl a hr{sup {minus}1}. The endolithic algal community contributes moderate biomass (5-10%) and substantial photosynthesis (20-80%) to the sparse grassland ecosystem.
Automatic software model checking via constraint logic

This paper proposes the use of constraint logic to perform model checking of imperative, infinite-state programs. We present a semantics-preserving translation from an imperative language with recursive procedures and heap-allocated mutable data structures into constraint logic. The constraint logic formulation provides a clean way to reason about the behavior and correctness of the original program. In addition, it enables the use of existing constraint logic implementations to perform bounded software model checking, using a combination of symbolic reasoning and explicit path exploration.
Ultrasound catheter probe-assisted endoscopic cystgastrostomy

ning in deaerated water was appropriate for visualizing minute changes in the mucosa. Moreover, owing to the small and flexible shaft of the probe, contact scanning during inflation with air could be used to demonstrate the intramural structure when the correct placement was attained. The lesser curvature and the fundus were often unfavorable sites for apposing the probe in the inflated stomach. Small protrusions were also apt to be missed because of compression by probe contact. Nevertheless, the simplicity of the contact scanning procedure performed with this new probe should increase the practical application of gastrointestinal tract ultrasonography. At present, advanced lesions cannot be evaluated well with this probe because of the limited ultrasound beam penetration. However, the high quality of the imaging for small lesions may outweigh this drawback. With further improvements in the areas of mechanical stability and durability against bending strain, intraluminal imaging of the biliary tract and the pancreatic duct via a duodenoscope may be promising future applications of this probe. In conclusion, the new ultrasonic probe should be useful in visualizing the structure of the gastrointestinal wall and evaluating small gastrointestinal tumors so as to facilitate their endoscopic resection. Contact scanning with this probe offers the advantage of easier examination to both the endoscopist and the patient, as it obviates the need for the cumbersome and timeconsuming procedure of water infusion.
Stage III follicular lymphoma: long-term follow-up and patterns of failure.

Abstract Purpose To analyze the long-term outcomes and pattern of failures for Stage III follicular lymphomas. Methods and materials A retrospective review of all patients with Stage III follicular lymphoma presented to our institution between 1978 and 1993 was performed. One hundred ten patients were eligible and form the basis of this analysis. Fifty-seven patients were male. The median age was 57 years (range: 21–82 years). The treatments were as follows: chemotherapy alone (CTX), 39 patients; combined modality with chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CMT), 69; radiation therapy alone, 2. Radiation therapy fields were as follows: regional, 13 patients; extended, 6; subtotal, 44; and central lymphatic, 8. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 8, and 98 patients received doxorubicin-containing regimens. Enough information was available to calculate the International Prognostic Index for 107 patients. The following prognostic factors were examined for predictive value in overall survival (OS) and freedom from progression (FFP) by univariate and multivariate analyses: International Prognostic Index, gender, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (normal vs. elevated), B symptoms, performance status, β-2 microglobulin, presence or absence of a bulky disease, age (≤ vs. >60 years), number of sites of involvement, treatment (CTX vs. CMT), and pathology. To minimize patient selection biases given the nature of the retrospective analysis, the patterns of relapse were analyzed only for the patients who achieved a complete response. Results The median follow-up for the alive patients was 9.5 years (range: 1.1–19.5 years). Complete response was achieved in 80 patients: 24 of 39 patients in the CTX group (62%), 54 of 69 patients in the CMT group (78%), and 2 of 2 patients in the radiation therapy alone group. The actuarial 5- and 10-year OS rates were 65% and 42%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year FFP was 42% and 26%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors by multivariate analyses were age and LDH for OS and LDH for FFP. For complete responders, 5-year freedom from recurrence in the original sites of involvement (with or without recurrence in the new sites) was 43% for CTX and 60% for CMT patients ( p = 0.03, Wilcoxon). Five-year freedom from isolated recurrence in the original sites of involvement was 60% for CTX and 69% for CMT patients ( p = 0.17). The 5-year overall FFP was 43% for CTX patients and 56% for CMT patients ( p = 0.06). Conclusion Combined modality treatment seems to give an advantage in terms of disease control in the primary sites compared to chemotherapy alone, though the advantages in OS and FFP were not statistically significant in our patient population. By multivariate analyses, LDH was a significant prognostic indicator for OS and FFP, whereas age was for OS.
Toward operationalizing the process of attention in SLA: Evidence for Tomlin and Villa's (1994) finegrained analysis of attention

This study investigates, from a task-based approach and at a morphological level, Tomlin and Villa's (1994) fine-grained analysis of attention in second language acquisition. Four groups of beginning learners of Spanish completed one of four crossword puzzles designed to isolate the effects of alertness, orientation, and detection. Repeated-measures ANOVAs performed on the raw scores obtained on the pretest and three posttests of a recognition and written production task revealed significant main effects for type of attentional function, time, and significant interactions. The results lend strong empirical support to Tomlin and Villa's (1994) fine-grained analysis of attention while indicating short-term effects of detection.
Regional, watershed and local correlates of blue crab and bivalve abundances in subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay, USA

Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and deposit- and suspension-feeding bivalves (Macoma balthicaand M. mitchelli) play important roles in the food web of Chesapeake Bay and may serve as indicators of ecological health, particularly in small subestuaries where conditions may be strongly linked to watershed and local factors. We sampled 19 subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay to test hypothesized relationships of blue crabs and bivalves with salinity (a regional indicator), watershed- and local-scale land use, and local habitat and water quality. We divided the subestuaries into five land-use categories: forested, developed, agricultural, mixed agricultural and mixed-developed. We measured water quality, sediment class, physical habitat and adjacent land use/land cover at each of six stations within each subestuary. Fyke nets were employed to estimate blue crab abundance and size-structure, while cores were used to estimate bivalve densities and biomass. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis indicated that 51% of the variance in blue crab abundance was explained by salinity, watershed land use and shoreline marsh habitat. Crab abundance was greatest at salinities >16 ppt, but in lower salinities crabs were most abundant along marsh shorelines in forested and mixed land-use watersheds. Juvenile crabs <85 mm were more strongly associated with shoreline marshes, particularly in subestuaries with forested and mixed land-use watersheds. Macoma spp. were similarly associated with shoreline marshes but mainly in muddy bottoms at moderate-to-high salinities; however the best CART model only explained 25% of variance in bivalve abundance. These results were consistent with our predictions that shoreline wetlands and watershed land use may have important effects on these taxa along the estuarine salinity gradient, and are consistent with hypotheses based on previous descriptive and experimental research linking blue crabs and deposit-feeding bivalves to habitats rich in allochthonous detritus.
Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds on Fly Ash

Adsorption isotherms for adsorption of phenol, 3-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol from water onto fly ash were determined. These isotherms were modeled by the Freundlich isotherm. The fly ash adsorbed 67, 20, and 22 mg/g for phenol, chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively, for the highest water phase concentrations used. The affinity of phenolic compounds for fly ash is above the expected amount corresponding to a monolayer coverage considering that the surface area of fly ash is only 1.87 m2/g. The isotherms for contaminants studied were unfavorable, indicating that adsorption becomes progressively easier as more solutes are taken up. Phenol displayed a much higher affinity for fly ash than 3-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol.
Congenital aneurysm of the left sinus of valsalva with an aortopulmonary tunnel

Aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva is rare, and there is only one previous report of rupture into the pulmonary artery. This report describes a patient with valvular pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect in whom a portion of his pulmonary blood flow was supplied by an aortopulmonary tunnel arising from a left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. The surgical implications of precise definition of the type of aortopulmonary communication are discussed.
Prevention Work: A Professional Responsibility for Marriage and Family Counselors:

Although ethical codes encourage marriage and family counselors to undertake prevention work, many practitioners do not include prevention within the scope of their practice. Prevention work includes a number of professional functions that address multiple family issues. Within a developmental framework, marriage and family counselors can bring a unique set of skills and experience to preventive work, and a family systems theoretical orientation helps to inform the practice of preventive efforts designed to enhance familial relationships. Marriage and family counselors can be involved in the practice, theory development, and research of prevention work. Effective prevention work by marriage and family counselors incorporates a consideration of barriers to effective prevention work, professional collaboration, and ethical considerations.
Late quaternary vegetational change in the Kotzebue sound area, northwestern Alaska

Abstract Two sediment cores from Kaiyak and Squirrel lakes in northwestern Alaska yielded pollen records that date to ca. 39,000 and 27,000 yr B.P., respectively. Between 39,000 and 14,000 yr B.P., the vegetation around these lakes was dominated by Gramineae and Cyperaceae with some Salix and possibly Betula nana/glandulosa forming a local, shrub component of the vegetation. Betula pollen percentages increased about 14,000 yr B.P., indicating the presence of a birchdominated shrub tundra. Alnus pollen appeared at both sites between 9000 and 8000yr B.P., and Picea pollen (mostly P. mariana) arrived at Squirrel Lake about 5000 yr B.P. The current foresttundra mosaic around Squirrel Lake was established at this time, whereas shrub tundra existed near Kaiyak Lake throughout the Holocene. When compared to other pollen records from north-western North America, these cores (1) represent a meadow component of lowland. Beringian tundra between 39,000 and 14,000 yr B.P., (2) demonstrate an early Holocene arrival of Alnus in northwestern Alaska that predates most other Alnus horizons in northern Alaska or northwestern Canada, and (3) show an east-to-west migration of Picea across northern Alaska from 9000 to 5000 yr B.P.
Ifosfamide tolerance in osteosarcoma patients previously treated with cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum‐II: Renal, hematologic, and neurologic observations

We attempted to ascertain renal, hematologic, and neurologic tolerance to ifosfamide (IFX) in pediatric patients previously treated with large single and cumulative doses of cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum-II (CDP) for osteosarcoma (OS). Twenty OS patients were treated with CDP: initially 150 mg/m2 was administered every 2 weeks for a maximum of seven courses. Later, other agents, including additional CDP, were also administered. Twelve patients were treated with intra-arterial CDP, one with intra-arterial, and later intravenous CDP, and seven with intravenous CDP. Patients who relapsed were treated with IFX. Renal function was monitored by measuring creatinine clearance, serum electrolytes, total protein, albumin and CO2 content, and urine analysis during IFX therapy. Prior to initiation of IFX, creatinine clearance was above 60 ml/min/m2 in all except one patient who had developed a hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Cumulative CDP doses ranged from 300 to 22,500 mg/m2, and cumulative IFX doses 12 to 128 gm/m2. Myelossupression was monitored by obtaining routine hemograms midway between each course of treatment. Neurologic tolerance was assessed by reviewing the medical records for any abnormality. The interval between CDP and IFX ranged from 1 to 64 months. All patients experienced a progressive reduction in creatinine clearance with CDP. The reduction in creatinine clearance, measured from baseline after three to four courses varied from 10 to 53.7%, after four to seven courses from 19 to 78%, and after seven courses from 12 to 80.5%. In all patients except five, including the HUS patient, creatinine clearance remained above 60 ml/min/m2 during IFX therapy. Twelve patients developed hypomagnesemia in the vicinity of 1.4 to 1.6 mg/dl during CDP treatment and required magnesium supplementation. They were asymptomatic and the abnormality did not affect IFX tolerance. Fourteen patients intermittently displayed variable degrees of glycosuria, phosphaturia, and/or proteinuria during IFX therapy. This was considered to be a forma frustre type of Fanconi's syndrome. Approximately 80% of courses of IFX were associated with reversible myelosuppression. No neurologic abnormalities were detected. The abnormalities detected during IFX treatment were not major, did not give rise to symptomatology, and did not require discontinuation of therapy. Renal abnormalities were considered a forma frustre type of Fanconi's syndrome. Provided a creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min/m2 is accepted as a prerequisite for treatment, and no major preexisting renal disease is present, IFX is well tolerated by most patients previously exposed to very high cumulative doses of CDP. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (EASE) analysis reveals differential gene expression in permanent and transient focal stroke rat models

To gain greater insight on the molecular mechanisms that underlie ischemic stroke, we compared gene expression profiles in transient (tMCAO) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) stroke models using Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (EASE) pathway analysis software. Many transcripts were induced in both stroke models, including genes associated with transcriptional pathways, cell death, stress responses and metabolism. However, EASE analysis of the regulated genes indicated molecular functions and biological processes unique to each model. Pathways associated with tMCAO included inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle, while pMCAO was associated with the induction of genes encoding neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, growth factors and signaling molecules. An intriguing finding was the involvement of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases following pMCAO. These results provide evidence that neuronal death following tMCAO and pMCAO involves distinct mechanisms. These findings may give new insight to the molecular mechanisms involved in stroke and may lead to novel neuroprotective strategies.
3D microfabricated bioreactor with capillaries

We present in this paper the implementation of an innovative three dimensional (3D) microfabrication technology coupled with numerical simulation to enhance the mass transport in 3D cell culture. The core of this microfabrication technology is a high-resolution projection micro stereolithography (PμSL) using a spatial light modulator as a dynamic mask which enables a parallel fabrication of highly complex 3D microstructures. In this work, a set of poly (ethylene glycol) microfabricated bioreactors are demonstrated with PμSL technology. We observed both experimentally and numerically the regulation of metabolism and the growth of yeast cells by controlling the density of micro-capillaries. Further development of these 3D microfabricated bioreactors is expected to provide artificially constructed tissues for clinical applications.
The Greater Hermitage: A Grand Future

(2003). The Greater Hermitage: A Grand Future. Museum International: Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 33-38.
Collisionless infrared multiphoton production of electronically excited parent molecules

Abstract In the absence of collisions chromyl chloride (CrO 2 Cl 2 ) shows orange fluorescence when the parent molecule is irradiated by the focused output Time-resolved fluorescence is investigated over the pressure range 5 × 10 −4 to 15 torr. As the pressure is increased, a secondary collision-ind We interpret the collisionless part of the emission to arise from infrared transitions between the high vibrational levels of the ground state and the
Investigation of the role of surface chemistry and accessibility of cadmium adsorption sites on open-surface carbonaceous materials.

Carbon nanotubes fabricated by the dc arc discharge method (ADCNTs) and chemical vapor deposition method (CVDCNTs) were oxidized with concentrated HNO3 to modify their surface chemistry. The materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, potentiometric titration, and nitrogen adsorption. The initial and oxidized materials were used as adsorbents of cadmium from aqueous solutions with different pH. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to fit the isotherm data, and both models fit the experimental data very well. The acid oxidation resulted in an increase in the number of oxygen-containing groups without drastic changes in the texture of the adsorbents. Although the small volume of micropores is present, the nanotube structure can be considered as nonporous. The lack of developed microporosity in carbonaceous materials eliminates the inner surface diffusion problems and makes the vast majority of surface groups available for adsorption of cadmium. The availability of these centers...
An economic approach to riot analysis

The popular view that a riot is a spontaneous release of hostility by the frustrated and oppressed masses was rejected in favor of a notion of riot based upon motivation for personal gain by riot participants. The main difference between a riot and other forms of illegal activity was said to be the presence of a large and possibly sympathetic crowd.
The Association Between Bullying and the Psychological Functioning of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

OBJECTIVE: : Bullying has become a major national concern, particularly as it affects children with disabilities. The current study aimed to determine the association between psychiatric comorbid conditions, involvement in bullying (victim, bully, or bully-victim), and the immediate psychological correlates of bullying among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). METHODS: : A national sample of 1221 parents completed a survey dedicated to the bullying and school experiences of their child with ASD, reporting on the immediate consequences of bullying involvement, including their child's psychological well-being and any psychiatric comorbidity. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine whether specific psychiatric comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of involvement as victim, bully, or bully-victim. Analyses of variance determined the relationship between bullying frequency and psychological functioning. All models adjusted for child and school covariates. RESULTS: : Children who were frequently victimized were more likely to present with internalizing symptoms, whereas children who frequently bullied others were more likely to exhibit emotion regulation problems. Children who were identified as frequent bully-victims presented with both internalizing symptoms and emotion regulation problems. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression were more likely to have been victimized, whereas children with conduct disorder (CD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were more likely to have bullied other children. Children identified as bully-victims were more likely to have ADHD, CD, or ODD. CONCLUSIONS: : Children with ASDs who had displayed bullying behaviors in the past month exhibited psychological impairments, including psychiatric comorbidity. The frequency of bullying behaviors was significantly associated with the level of impairment. Language: en
Step and Flash Imprint Lithography: An Efficient Nanoscale Printing Technology

The goal of the SFIL development program is to enable patterning of sub-100 nm features at room temperature and with minimal applied pressure. We believe the use of low viscosity materials and photopolymerization chemistry will enable SFIL to achieve the throughput required for use in the microelectronics industry. Additionally, the rigid transparent imprint template used in SFIL enables a precision in overlay alignment that is difficult to achieve in other imprint schemes. Previous work demonstrated the ability to use SFIL to pattern over existing topography, to pattern on curved surfaces, and to produce working simple optical devices. Studies of defectivity have not revealed significant defect generation, and in fact have revealed no catastrophic defect propagation. Recent work has focused on improving etching processes used to amplify the aspect ratio of the polymer features. With this recent work we have demonstrated polymer-on-Si semi-dense lines smaller than 50 nm made with the SFIL process.
On Nonparametric Estimation: With a Focus on Agriculture

We review nonparametric estimation of efficiency and productivity, by which we mainly mean activity analysis, or data envelopment analysis (DEA). The review covers topics that we hope will be of special interest to those doing research in the realm of agriculture. We also include a brief appendix addressing nonparametric estimation from an econometric perspective.
Diminished glucocorticoid negative feedback in polydipsic hyponatremic schizophrenic patients.

Context: The mechanism and significance of diminished glucocorticoid negative feedback in schizophrenia is unknown but is more commonly observed in schizophrenic patients with primary polydipsia. Polydipsic patients, especially those who are also hyponatremic, exhibit other neuroendocrine abnormalities that have been linked to hippocampal pathology. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cortisol on plasma ACTH under conditions thought to be most sensitive to hippocampal influences. Design: The design was repeated measures. Setting: The study was conducted at an inpatient clinical research center. Participants: Participants included eight polydipsic hyponatremic and eight polydipsic normonatremic as well as six schizophrenic patients without water imbalance. Eight healthy community volunteers matched for age and gender were also studied. Intervention: Metyrapone (750 mg) was administered orally at 1430 and 1900 h. Beginning at 1930 h, hydrocortisone was infused over 150 min a...
Re-examination of Koppitz' Developmental Bender Scoring System.

The Koppitz Developmental Scoring System for the Bender-Gestalt test was re-examined using 289 randomly selected children from Grades 1, 3, and 6 of the Northern Arizona area. Data were obtained for scorer reliability and scoring-system reliability. Koppitz items as predictors of the Stanford Achievement Test reading scores were checked. Although significant correlations were obtained between total Koppitz scores and reading achievement, the magnitudes were too low for individual prediction. More than half of the Koppitz items were not discriminators at any one grade, 7 were significant at Grade 1, 2 at Grade 3, and 2 at Grade 6. No items differentiated all grades. Consequently, the Koppitz items should be used carefully and not as the sole indicator of reading problems
Quantitative calculation of the spatial extension of the Kondo cloud

A recently developed compact solution for the singlet state of the Friedel-Anderson and the Kondo impurity is applied to investigate the old question of a Kondo cloud in the Kondo ground state. Wilson's states with an exponentially decreasing frame of energy cells toward the Fermi level are used. The Wilson states are expressed as free electron waves with a linear dispersion and integrated over the width of their energy cells. For the magnetic state of the Friedel-Anderson impurity, one finds essentially no spin polarization in the vicinity of the $d$ impurity. However, for the magnetic component of the singlet state, a spin polarization cloud is observed which screens the spin (magnetic moment) of the $d$ electron. The range ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{K}$ of this polarization cloud is investigated in detail for the Kondo impurity. The range is inversely proportional to the Kondo energy ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{K}$. The extent of the electron density in real space is a detector for a resonance in energy. The spatial extension $\ensuremath{\xi}$ and the resonance width $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ are reciprocal and given by the relation $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{\hbar}{v}_{F}$.
The income elasticity of non-point source air pollutants: revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve

Abstract This paper examines the income–pollution relationship for three non-point source pollutants in 1990. Ambient concentrations reported at monitors throughout the US are regressed on median household income and other socio-economic variables for the census tracts in which the monitors were located. Contrary to earlier studies, a u-shaped relationship is obtained.
Incremental minimality: A property of optimal solutions for the minimum power broadcast tree problem in wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we explore the structures of the optimal solutions for the minimum power broadcast tree problem in wireless ad hoc networks. We investigate the common properties of the optimal solutions found by the algorithms based on integer programming and use the found features to describe the property of optimal solutions. We also present a series of theoretically rigorous study of the found property, named as incremental minimality. We provide the conditions of optimal solutions represented by the incrementally minimal transmissions. An algorithm based on the found properties is introduced and compared with other algorithms in the literature by computational experiments.
Treatment Histories of Clients Treated for Drug Abuse

History of drug abuse treatments was examined for clients included in a national follow-up study based on admissions to the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1969–1972. Clients were sampled from DARP methadone maintenance, therapeutic community, outpatient drug-free, and outpatient detoxification programs, as well as an intake only comparison group. Pre-DARP treatment was reported by 40% of the total sample, with detoxification being the most common. Treatments in the first three years after DARP were reported by 51%, with methadone maintenance being the most common. There was an overall trend toward methadone maintenance as the predominant treatment after DARP regardless of the type of treatment a client received in the DARP, and approximately one-third of the total sample reported no other treatments either before or after DARP.
Critical Social Theory and Transformative Knowledge: The Functions of Criticism in Quality Education:

Critical social theory is a multidisciplinary knowledge base with the implicit goal of advancing the emancipatory function of knowledge. It approaches this goal by promoting the role of criticism in the search for quality education. Through critical social theory in education, quality is proportional to the depth of analysis that students have at their disposal. As a critical form of classroom discourse, critical social theory cultivates students’ ability to critique institutional as well as conceptual dilemmas, particularly those that lead to domination or oppression. It also promotes a language of transcendence that complements a language of critique in order to forge alternative and less oppressive social arrangements. A critical social theory-based movement in education highlights the relationship between social systems and people, how they produce each other, and ultimately how critical social theory can contribute to the emancipation of both.
Spectral Profiles of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms Are Different in Longstanding and Acute Onset Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Electrogram Spectra

Spectral Profiles of CFAE. Background: Spectral analysis of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) may be useful for gaining insight into mechanisms underlying paroxysmal and longstanding atrial fibrillation (AF). The commonly used dominant frequency (DF) measurement has limitations. Method: CFAE recordings were acquired from outside the 4 pulmonary vein ostia and at 2 left atrial free wall sites in 10 paroxysmal and 10 persistent AF patients. Two consecutive 8s-series were analyzed from recordings >16s in duration. Power spectra were computed for each 8s-series in the range 3‐12 Hz and normalized. The mean and standard deviation of normalized power spectra (MPS and SPS, respectively) were compared for paroxysmal versus persistent CFAE. Also, the DF and its peak amplitude (ADF) were compared for pulmonary vein sites only. Power spectra were computed using ensemble average and Fourier methods. Results: No significant changes occurred in any parameter from the first to second recording sequence. For both sequences, MPS and SPS were significantly greater, and DF and ADF were significantly less, in paroxysmals versus persistents. The MPS and ADF measurements from ensemble spectra produced the most significant differences in paroxysmals versus persistents (P < 0.0001). DF differences were less significant, which can be attributed to the relatively high variability of DF in paroxysmals. The MPS was correlated to the duration of uninterrupted persistent AF prior to electrophysiologic study (P = 0.01), and to left atrial volume for all AF (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The MPS and ADF measurements introduced in this study are probably superior to DF for discerning power spectral differences in paroxysmal versus longstanding CFAE. (J Cardiovasc
Does size really matter?: A reexamination of Sheldon's somatotypes and criminal behavior

In the mid-20th century, William Sheldon developed the idea of somatotypes in explaining different types of criminal behavior. Sheldon defined three body types believed to be associated with crimin...
The Globalization of Politics: Rational Choice and the Internationalization of Public Policy

The domestic politics of globalization are essentially as old as globalization itself. Trade and other international transactions affect a broad spectrum of individual economic interests. For example, relatively less-efficient domestic firms lose, and importers and consumers desiring goods produced abroad benefit. Domestic philosophers and religious doctrines may be challenged by ideas imported from abroad, while those interested in new ideas or dissatisfied with existing theories benefit. As a consequence, organized interest groups have long battled each other for and against more open borders with the result that nearly all governments have some restrictions on trade. However, it is less clear whether politics itself has been globalized along with flows of goods, services, and ideas. This paper uses theories from public choice to analyze international and global aspects of politics, that is, the extent to which international organizations directly or indirectly determine government policies. Here it bears noting politically active international organizations have long existed, because economic and political advantages can often be realized by coordinating efforts. Such groups are evidently becoming increasingly important in the twenty-first century as a result of technological and ideological change and also an increase in the breadth and depth of interests affected by international trade and international externalities.
The Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Some Lepidopterous Larval Pests, Apple Aphid and Predators, and on Phytophagous and Predaceous Mites on Young Apple Trees

The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on the arthropod fauna of young apple trees when used as a fullseason spray program during 1961 and 1962 is discussed. Mortality of overwintering larvae of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (Denis & Schiffermuller), was approximately 50% higher in the Bacillus plot; spring larval growth was retarded, pupation delayed, and mortality increased; and the summer larval infestation was less than half that occurring in the check. Casebearer populations were adversely affected; the apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer, population was increased; and aphid predators apparently were unaffected by the Bacillus sprays. Fruit injury was reduced by approximately 50% in the Bacillus plot owing primarily to its adverse effect on codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) ; redbanded leaf roller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker); and eye-spotted bud moth larval populations. The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), population increased and phytoseiid mites decreased on Red Delicious trees in the Bacillus plot, with the former reaching numbers twice as high as those attained in the check. The potential role of B. thuringiensis in apple insect control programs is discussed.
Abundance, diversity, and spatial distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on mixed-grass rangelands treated with diflubenzuron

Abundance of ants on mixed-grass rangelands was not significantly reduced by aerial applications of Dimilin 2 F, Dimilin 25 W, and Sevin 4-Oil. Ant diversity, measured by a probability of interspecific encounter index, temporarily declined in plots treated with Dimilin 25 W from 13 to 19 d after treatment. However, diversity immediately recovered the following week and no further declines were observed even at 349-356 d after treatment. Twenty species of ants were encountered at the experimental site. Lasius neoniger Emery; little black ant, Monomorium minimum (Buckley); thief ant, Solenopsis molesta (Say); odorous house ant, Tapinoma sessile (Say); and Formica neogagates Emery were the 5 most abundant species at 25.8, 20.1, 9.9, 7.6, and 7.5% of the total number of ants encountered, respectively. Spatial distribution of ant species on rangeland appeared to be soil related. Factor analysis of soil parameters (weighted for relative ant abundances) indicated associations between ant species and certain combinations of soil properties.
Retrieval of low-frequency words from mixed lists

In two experiments Ss were presented either a list of high- or a list of low-frequency words (unmixed lists), or lists containing equal numbers of words from the two frequency levels (mixed lists). In recall there was a significant interaction between level of frequency and type of list: In unmixed lists high-frequency words were better recalled; in mixed lists low-frequency words were better recalled.
Concentration of lipid phosphorus in tumor and carcass of rats growing Walker carcinoma 256.

SummaryIn rats growing Walker carcinoma 256, 1) the concentration of lipid phosphorus was greater in the tumor than in the carcass; 2) the concentration of lipid phosphorus was greater in the rat plus tumor than in pair-fed or force-fed rats without tumor that consumed the same amount and kind of diet as the tumor rats; 3) the concentrations of lipid phosphorus in young rats and in the tumor were similar, and greater than in adult rats; 4) the concentration of an alkaliresistant phospholipid was greater in the tumor than in the carcass.
Reactions of the Iridathiabenzene Complex Cp*Ir(2,5-dimethylthiophene) with Co2(CO)8, Co4(CO)12, and (η6-C6H3Me3)Co4(CO)9†

With the goal of preparing an η6-iridathiabenzene complex of Co4(CO)12, the ring-opened iridathiabenzene complex Cp*Ir(C,S-2,5-Me2T) (1), where 2,5-Me2T is 2,5-dimethylthiophene, was reacted with C...
Update on Recommendations for the Treatment of Syphilis

Reviews of syphilis therapy that were published in 1976 were used in the formulation of recommended treatment schedules by the U.S. Public Health Service in that year [1, 2]. The present review includes the limited amount of new information published since 1976 along with the solicited views of clinicians and public health officials concerning revision of the 1976 recommendations. Highlighted are those areas where change has been suggested.
Cloning and Analysis of STK Resistance Gene Analog in Oryza minuta

Designed primers,based on serine-threonine kinase (STK)motif in the plant resistance genes, were used to amplify resistance gene analogs from the genomic DNA of Oryza minuta and 10 were obtained. The analysis of homology indicated that they all have STK motifs and have different homologies to STK resistance genes that had cloned. These provided the basis for further study on cloning STK resistance gene in Oryza minuta.
Surface-Cross-Linked Micelles as Multifunctionalized Organic Nanoparticles for Controlled Release, Light Harvesting, and Catalysis

Surfactant micelles are dynamic entities with a rapid exchange of monomers. By "clicking" tripropargylammonium-containing surfactants with diazide cross-linkers, we obtained surface-cross-linked micelles (SCMs) that could be multifunctionalized for different applications. They triggered membrane fusion through tunable electrostatic interactions with lipid bilayers. Antenna chromophores could be installed on them to create artificial light-harvesting complexes with efficient energy migration among tens to hundreds of chromophores. When cleavable cross-linkers were used, the SCMs could break apart in response to redox or pH signals, ejecting entrapped contents quickly as a result of built-in electrostatic stress. They served as caged surfactants whose surface activity was turned on by environmental stimuli. They crossed cell membranes readily. Encapsulated fluorophores showed enhanced photophysical properties including improved quantum yields and greatly expanded Stokes shifts. Catalytic groups could be installed on the surface or in the interior, covalently attached or physically entrapped. As enzyme mimics, the SCMs enabled rational engineering of the microenvironment around the catalysts to afford activity and selectivity not possible with conventional catalysts.
Management of thyroid disorders.

Tests of thyroid function not only indicate the presence of thyroid disorders but in some instances also locate the cause. When the diagnosis is primary hypothyroidism, dosage of thyroid should be low initially and increased to full replacement level gradually. Propranolol shows promise in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Demographic Data on Extra-Marital Sexual Behavior in the Ministry

The purpose of this article is to acquaint the reader with the latest demographic information regarding the extra-marital sexual behavior of male Protestant clergy. The article recounts the results of research with male Protestant ministers in the areas of intimate sexual contact and sexual intercourse outside of marriage, as well as consumption of pornography and duration of affairs. Information is also presented regarding the kind of liasons ministers are likely to have i. e. church members, church staff, counselees, friends, prostitutes, or strangers.
Euler Equations, Navier-Stokes Equations and Turbulence

In 2004 the mathematical world will mark 120 years since the advent of turbulence theory ([80]). In his 1884 paper Reynolds introduced the decomposition of turbulent flow into mean and fluctuation and derived the equations that describe the interaction between them. The Reynolds equations are still a riddle. They are based on the Navier-Stokes equations, which are a still a mystery. The Navier-Stokes equations are a viscous regularization of the Euler equations, which are still an enigma. Turbulence is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma ([11]).
A fracture mechanics approach to high cycle fretting fatigue based on the worst case fret concept – II. Experimental evaluation

This is Part II of a series of two papers that describe the development and evaluation of a fracture-mechanics based life-prediction methodology for treating fretting fatigue in structural alloys. In Part I, the development of a life-prediction methodology based on the worst case fret (WCF) concept is presented with parametric calculations to illustrate the capability of the method. In this paper, the results of an experimental program designed to evaluate the applicability of the WCF model to treating high-cycle fretting fatigue in Ti-6Al-4V are described. High-cycle fretting fatigue tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V at ambient temperature and at 2100 Hz. A flat pad with rounded edges or a cylindrical pad on rectangular specimens was fretted using either single or multiple cyclic load steps. Each load step was conducted for 107cycles before the cyclic load range was increased. This process repeated until fretting fatigue specimen failed. The existence of nonpropagating cracks was identified using metallography and fractography. The experimental results were used to assess the accuracy of the WCF methodology.