cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Population biology of parasites of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus L. I. Monogenea

Young-of-the-year (class 0) and yearling (class 1) striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, were collected from Sapelo Island, Georgia from May 1970 to June 1971 to study the development, seasonal abundance and relationship of environmental variables to parasitic populations. The number of species of parasites increased with age of the host. Initial infection appeared to be influenced by closeness of association of mullet age classes, by the period of abundance of a parasite on class I mullet and by the mobility of the infective parasitic stage. Fluctuations in intensity and prevalence of a parasite on class 0 mullet were similar to those of class I mullet after the initial infection. Ancyrocephalus vanbenedenii was first observed on class 0 mullet in March. Intensity was high on both classes in spring and on reproductively active mullet in late autumn. Prevalence on both classes was above 80% except in late summer. Polyclithrum mugilis was not observed on class 0 mullet until August even though intensity and prevalence on class I mullet was highest during early spring. Gyrodactylus mugelus did not occur on class 0 mullet but appeared on class I mullet during late summer. Microcotyle psuedomugilis was observed on class 0 mullet in early summer and Metamicrocolyla maeracantha in October. Both species occurred but at a low intensity on class I mullet.
Sensitivity and fatigue of LiTaO3 for holographic recording

The sensitivity of LiTaO3 crystals to hologram formation has been observed to vary with impurity concentration. For a writing wavelength of 488.0 nm and power density of 1.1 W/cm2 the sensitivity varied from a value comparable to the most sensitive doped LiNbO3 for an impure crystal to a value more than 5 orders of magnitude smaller for a purer crystal. Fatigue effects were observed upon write‐erase cycling. These effects were dependent upon writing and erasure polarization and power density and could be minimized by proper choice of optical parameters.
Quench energies of potted magnets

The quench energy of potted magnets has been studied for the following two extreme models of the winding: (1) treating it as an anisotropic three-dimensional continuum and (2) ignoring heat conduction in the epoxy and treating it as a one-dimensional continuum. For each model, we have obtained a formula for the point-source quench energy, complete up to a single undetermined constant, by applying a combination of dimensional and group-theoretic arguments to the heat balance equation. The undetermined constant has been estimated by solving the heat balance equation approximately. Correction factors are given for taking into account the source's being distributed in space and time. The formulas are compared with available experimental data; agreement is fair.
SU-E-T-719: Dosimetric Differences of Post HDR Prostate IMRT Plans Generated From RayStation Multi-Criteria Optimization (MCO) and Pinnacle Direct Machine Parameter Optimization (DMPO)

Purpose: To evaluate dosimetric differences of post HDR prostate IMRT plans generated from RayStation Multi‐Criteria Optimization (MCO) and Pinnacle3 Direct Machine Parameter Optimization (DMPO) Methods: Ten patients previously treated with DMPO plans on Pinnacle3 v9.0 were selected. CT images with same RT structures from Pinnacle were sent to RayStation v2.4.8.180 for re‐planning using MCO Pareto surface plans with the same prescription and beam angles. The prescription was 50.4 Gy to 95% of PTV for all cases. Planning outcomes such as D95 (95% of volume receiving the prescribed dose), D 5, D2, D1 for PTV, D 53 for bladder, D53 , D30, and D1cc for rectum, D1cc for small and large bowel, conformity index (CI = PIV / PTV), and homogeneity index (HI = D5 / D95) were evaluated according to the clinical protocol. Results: The mean volume of PTV was 222.6 cm3 (range from 178.5 to 276.3 cm3). The D95 of PTV coverage of RayStation vs. Pinnacle was improved and more uniform with 49.8 Gy vs. 49.7 Gy, respectively. D5, D2, and D1 of PTV were lower with RayStation. So were D53 for bladder and rectum, D30 for rectum (p = 0.017), D1cc for rectum and D1cc for small bowel, D1cc for large bowel except one case on RayStation. CI was better with RayStation compared to Pinnacle (1.01 vs. 1.07). HI was better with RayStation compared to Pinnacle (1.06 vs. 1.07). Conclusion: MCO planning automatically generates a set of Pareto optimized solutions for given objectives to allow tradeoffs between targets and critical organs. RayStation can achieve better uniform tumor coverage with fewer hot spots while sparing more critical structures in post HDR prostate plans. MCO Pareto based plan is helpful in determining the best optimized dosimetry solutions.
Partnering with Parents: Preventing Infant Falls

Newborn Care Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program In December 2011, a report generated from the online‐incident reporting system indicated that three infant falls (6.6 falls per 10,000 births) had occurred in 2011. Two infants falls (4.4 falls per 10,000 births) were reported in 2009 and no infant falls were reported in 2010. All incidents took place during the night shift and infant falls were due to the mother falling asleep. None of the newborns suffered serious injury. The mother–baby unit had just completed a project to increase exclusive breastfeeding and more infants (>70%) were rooming‐in with their mothers. There was concern on the part of the staff that the new mother–baby care delivery model would be blamed for the increased rate in falls. The hospital had also recently purchased new beds that may have been contributory to the increased rate in falls because the side rails were not as high when the head of the bed was elevated. Proposed Change To fully evaluate contributory factors related to infant falls in the mother–baby unit and develop safety strategies to reduce/eliminate infant falls by instituting a Newborn Safety Partnering Agreement for Parents. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation An increased rate of infant falls in the mother–baby unit prompted review to identify potential contributory factors, which included exhaustion of the mother after delivery, bedside rail position, too many pillows, timing and type of pain medication, cultural issues, and unsafe parental behaviors. A query was sent out to the NY Organization of Nurse Executives list serve, which requested any infant fall prevention programs that were successful. The query and literature review yielded minimal results. An infant safety checklist was developed to include awareness for potential falls. Based on feedback, the checklist evolved into a Newborn Safety Partnering Agreement for Parents and fall debrief tool to be used after a fall to immediately identify contributing factors. The premise behind the partnering agreement was to increase parents' awareness of the potential of an infant fall beyond traditional patient education. The tool is used to educate and ask parents to partner with staff to keep their infant safe. A pilot to evaluate effectiveness was conducted. Minor changes to the tool and implementation of the agreement in the delivery room before delivery proved successful. Since the implementation of the Newborn Safety Partnering Agreement for Parents there have been no infant falls to date. Implications for Nursing Practice Implementation of a Newborn Safety Partnering Agreement for Parents on the mother–baby unit raises awareness to prevent infant falls and injury.
A pruning heuristic for use with multisource product design

Abstract Products can be improved by integrating multiple viewpoints during the design process. A model has been developed that uses conjoint data from consumers and designers and optimizes a product design based on the total share-of-choices. Because the problem becomes very difficult to solve as size increases, a heuristic is developed, based on pruning techniques, to solve the problem to near-optimality in a shorter period of time as compared to complete enumeration. The performance of the heuristic is demonstrated through the use of test data and by comparison to a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based heuristic and Tabu search. Structural results for the heuristic are also provided.
How Matrix Properties Control the Self-Assembly and Maintenance of Tissues

The mechanism by which cells organize into tissues is fundamental to developmental biology and tissue engineering. Likewise, the disruption of cellular order within tissues is a hallmark of many diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis. Tissue formation is regulated, in part, by a balance between cell–cell cohesion and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Here, experiments and approaches to alter this balance are discussed, and the nature of this balance in the formation of microvasculature is explored. Using matrices of tailored stiffness and matrix presentation, the role of the mechanical properties and ligand density in angiogenesis has been investigated. Decreasing cell–matrix adhesion by either reducing matrix stiffness or matrix ligand density induces the self-assembly of endothelial cells into network-like structures. These structures are stabilized by the polymerization of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. When fibronectin polymerization is inhibited, network formation does not occur. Interestingly, this interplay between substrate mechanics, ECM assembly, and tissue self-assembly is not limited to endothelial cells and has been observed in other cell types as well. These results suggest novel approaches to foster stable cell–cell adhesion and engineer tissues.
COMPLICATIONS WITH HUMERAL HEAD REPLACEMENT

Humeral head replacement has been shown to be an excellent surgical option for a variety of debilitating shoulder conditions. New techniques and advances in prosthetic design have furthered the success of this procedure. When performed without appropriate indications, exacting technique, and a tailored rehabilitation program, however, complications often result. Early recognition and appropriate management of these complications aid in achieving a satisfactory result.
The use of thrombelastography to determine coagulation status in severe anorexia nervosa: a case series.

Objective: Hospitalized patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) frequently have a complex coagulation profile, with elements of hypocoagulability-thrombocytopenia and elevated international normalized ratio (INR) and elements of hypercoagulability-usually manifested as immobility, which is either due to their marked weakness or from enforced degrees of bed rest to minimize energy expenditure. Hospitalized medical patients have been shown to have appropriate prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease in only 40% of cases. Method: A simple test that could evaluate the overall coagulation profile of these patients would help guide appropriate VTE prophylaxis. The thrombelastogram is a blood test that evaluates the full dynamic process of hemostasis. Results: The study of patients did not reveal evidence of being hypocoagulable and thus should be considered for VTE prophylaxis. Discussion: We report on three cases of young women with severe AN and weakness, hospitalized for closely monitored refeeding, in whom the thromboelastogram was used to evaluate the coagulation status of the patient and assist in guiding therapy. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
High-Level Expression of Glycoprotein D by a Dominant-Negative HSV-1 Virus Augments its Efficacy as a Vaccine against HSV-1 Infection

Using the T-REx (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) gene switch technology, we previously generated a dominant-negative herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 recombinant, CJ83193, capable of inhibiting its own replication as well as that of wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2. It has been further demonstrated that CJ83193 is an effective vaccine against HSV-1 infection in a mouse ocular model. To ensure its safety and augment its efficacy, we generated an improved CJ83193-like HSV-1 recombinant, CJ9-gD, which contains a deletion in an HSV-1 essential gene and encodes an extra copy of gene-encoding glycoprotein D (gD) driven by the tetO-bearing human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter. Unlike CJ83193, which exhibits limited plaque-forming capability in Vero cells and expresses little gD in infected cells, CJ9-gD is completely replication defective, yields high-level expression of gD following infection, and cannot establish detectable infection in mouse trigeminal ganglia following intranasal and ocular inoculation. Mice immunized with CJ9-gD produced 3.5-fold higher HSV-1 neutralizing antibody titer than CJ83193-immunized mice, and were completely protected from herpetic ocular disease following corneal challenge with wild-type HSV-1. Moreover, immunization of mice with CJ9-gD elicited a strong HSV-1-specific T-cell response and led to an 80% reduction in latent infection by challenge wild-type HSV-1 compared with the mock-immunized control.
Recombination frequencies of proximal markers in bacterial conjugation

Abstract Proximal markers close to the selected marker in bacterial conjugation experiments show recombination frequencies varying linearly as the map distance from the selected marker. It is suggested in the present study that the recombination frequencies of distant proximal markers are not always around 50 % and can provide useful information in mating experiments, e.g. for Escherichia coli, existing experimental results indicate that there is only about one cross-over for every ten-minute of the map.
Relationship of Cell Type and Lymph Node Metastasis to Survival After Resection of Bronchial Carcinoma

Abstract In the completed adjuvant chemotherapy lung trials conducted by the Veterans Administration Surgical Group, the cell type was recorded in 2,341 of 2,349 curative resections; extent of lymph node involvement was known in all cases. Nodes were normal in 1,231 patients. Five- and ten-year survival computed by the life-table method was 33.7% and 20.4%, respectively. These rates were significantly greater than the 16.2% and 8.8% recorded in 1,118 patients whose nodes showed metastases. Among patients whose cell type was known, five-year survival in 484 with hilar node involvement was 17.4% and was not significantly different from 20.1% in 364 patients in whom only lobar nodes were involved. The survival was 8.9% in 268 patients with cancer in the mediastinal nodes; this was significantly worse than either of the aforementioned groups. A five-year survival of 26.8% in 1,482 patients with squamous cell carcinoma was greater than the 24.3% in 359 with adenocarcinoma and 22.4% in 500 with undifferentiated cell types, but the differences were not significant. Variations between these groups remained nonsignificant when nodes were normal and were of only borderline significance, at the 5% level, when they showed metastasis. When a curative resection has been accomplished, cell type as classified in this study has little bearing on long-term survival, whereas the presence of node metastasis as well as its location is of the utmost importance.
Failure of Endogenous Plasmin to Convert Human Growth Hormone to its “Activated” Isohormones1

Abstract Human growth hormone B can be converted to its more acidic isohormones C, D, and E by limited enzymatic cleavage with purified plasmin in vitro. This process is accompanied by an increase of biological activity in the rat tibia line assay. A possible role of endogenous circulating plasmin in the in vivo formation of these isohormones was investigated. Human plasma, serum, glass-contact-activated serum, and serum extracts after the removal of protease inhibitors were incubated with radioiodinated hGH-B and C for up to 24 h. Aliquots were analyzed at frequent intervals by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by auto radiography and counting of radioactive bands. No evidence for interconversion or transformation to hGH-D and E was found. It is concluded that endogenous circulating plasmin does not play a major role in the conversion of hGH to its “activated” isohormones.
Monitoring translation with modified mRNAs strategically labeled with isomorphic fluorescent guanosine mimetics

Here we examine three mRNAs, site-specifically modified at codon positions 4, 5, and 6 with a new emissive and responsive isosteric guanosine mimetic ((th)G), with the goal of developing real time assays for monitoring translation-related events at nucleotide resolution. All three emissive mRNAs tested form initiation (70SIC), pretranslocation (PRE), and posttranslocation (POST) complexes. In most cases spectral differences are seen on binding of the mRNA to the ribosome during 70SIC formation and on conversion of 70SIC to PRE complexes and PRE complexes to POST complexes. These differences allow measurement of the kinetics of such conversions by changes in the fluorescence of labeled mRNAs. Such measurements directly identify a specific step during PRE complex formation, provisionally assigned to codon:anticodon-loop base pair formation, that follows aa-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex binding to the ribosome and precedes aa-tRNA accommodation into the A-site of the ribosome. These observations demonstrate not only the functionality of mRNAs modified with the emissive guanosine mimetic but also the potential this mimetic offers for observing the formation and disappearance of discrete intermediates during the polypeptide elongation cycle.
Cardiac output assessed by invasive and minimally invasive techniques

Cardiac output (CO) measurement has long been considered essential to the assessment and guidance of therapeutic decisions in critically ill patients and for patients undergoing certain high-risk surgeries. Despite controversies, complications and inherent errors in measurement, pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) continuous and intermittent bolus techniques of CO measurement continue to be the gold standard. Newer techniques provide less invasive alternatives; however, currently available monitors are unable to provide central circulation pressures or true mixed venous saturations. Esophageal Doppler and pulse contour monitors can predict fluid responsiveness and have been shown to decrease postoperative morbidity. Many minimally invasive techniques continue to suffer from decreased accuracy and reliability under periods of hemodynamic instability, and so few have reached the level of interchangeability with the PAC.
Effect of cyclodextrin solutions on chemiluminescence of 10,10'-dimethyl- 9,9'biacridinium nitrate

Abstract Solutions of alpha, beta, and gamma cyclodextrin have been shown to enhance the chemiluminescence of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'biacridinium nitrate. A 20-fold increase in chemiluminescence intensity is observed in 10 -2 M beta cyclodextrin. The enhancement is attributed to an increase in the excitation efficiency and the rate of the reaction through the inclusion of a reaction intermediate in the cyclodextrin cavity.
An exceptional development pattern

Abstract This paper investigates India's exceptional development pattern, specifically the major importance of information technology services (ITS), and compares it with China's development pattern. Both countries want to develop capabilities for carrying out the innovation of technologies that compete at the state-of-the-art in the world market. The paper posits that technological/economic success in the contemporary world market requires the ability to innovate complex technologies and complex technology-related services. The share of trade represented by complex technologies is compared with the “high-tech” share. The trading patterns of the two countries are compared using United Nations data. Two case studies of Indian ITS companies are then compared with two case studies of Chinese manufacturing companies. Historical and cultural differences appear to explain some of the differences in the development patterns of the companies located in the two countries.
Teacher Personality and Pupil Control Ideology.

The relationship between pupil control ideology and the broad set of personality characteristics measured by the Activities Index (AI) was explored in this study. The Pupil Control Ideology Form (PCI) and the AI were personally administered by a trained researcher to virtually all the educators (n = 934) in thirty-six schools. Although none of the individual factors of the AI was strongly related to custodialism in pupil control ideology, a step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that certain personality factors combined with demographic characteristics to produce a multiple R of .539 (p<.01) with pupil control orientation. The results tend to support the view that ideology formation is a function of both personality and social system factors.
First-principles binary diffusion coefficients for H, H2, and four normal alkanes + N2

Collision integrals related to binary (dilute gas) diffusion are calculated classically for six species colliding with N2. The most detailed calculations make no assumptions regarding the complexity of the potential energy surface, and the resulting classical collision integrals are in excellent agreement with previous semiclassical results for H + N2 and H2 + N2 and with recent experimental results for CnH(2n+2) + N2, n = 2-4. The detailed classical results are used to test the accuracy of three simplifying assumptions typically made when calculating collision integrals: (1) approximating the intermolecular potential as isotropic, (2) neglecting the internal structure of the colliders (i.e., neglecting inelasticity), and (3) employing unphysical R(-12) repulsive interactions. The effect of anisotropy is found to be negligible for H + N2 and H2 + N2 (in agreement with previous quantum mechanical and semiclassical results for systems involving atomic and diatomic species) but is more significant for larger species at low temperatures. For example, the neglect of anisotropy decreases the diffusion coefficient for butane + N2 by 15% at 300 K. The neglect of inelasticity, in contrast, introduces only very small errors. Approximating the repulsive wall as an unphysical R(-12) interaction is a significant source of error at all temperatures for the weakly interacting systems H + N2 and H2 + N2, with errors as large as 40%. For the normal alkanes in N2, which feature stronger interactions, the 12/6 Lennard-Jones approximation is found to be accurate, particularly at temperatures above ∼700 K where it predicts the full-dimensional result to within 5% (although with somewhat different temperature dependence). Overall, the typical practical approach of assuming isotropic 12/6 Lennard-Jones interactions is confirmed to be suitable for combustion applications except for weakly interacting systems, such as H + N2. For these systems, anisotropy and inelasticity can safely be neglected but a more detailed description of the repulsive wall is required for quantitative predictions. A straightforward approach for calculating effective isotropic potentials with realistic repulsive walls is described. An analytic expression for the calculated diffusion coefficient for H + N2 is presented and is estimated to have a 2-sigma error bar of only 0.7%.
Searching for CALRity in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Ten years ago, the discovery of JAK2 mutations in BCR/ABL1 -negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) revolutionized our understanding of these challenging disorders.1,2 Testing for the JAK2 V617F point mutation, found in more than 95% of cases of polycythemia vera (PV) and approximately 50% of cases of essential thrombocytosis (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), quickly became part of the standard-of-care evaluation of unexplained leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. Subsequent work demonstrated that the rare cases of PV lacking the JAK2 V617F mutation contain other mutations in exons 12 to 14 of JAK2 , while approximately 5% to 15% of cases of ET and PMF without the JAK2 V617F mutation contain mutations in exon 10 of MPL , the thrombopoietin receptor.1,2 Until recently, however, most JAK2 V617F–negative MPNs had no known molecular abnormality that could provide pathologists with objective evidence of a neoplasm and assist in differentiating MPNs from reactive processes. In late 2013, a major piece of the remaining puzzle was solved with the discovery that most MPNs lacking JAK2 V617F or MPL mutations carry mutations in CALR , the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, calreticulin.3,4 These mutations consist of a variety of insertions and deletions in exon 9 of CALR . The so-called type 1 mutation (~50% of mutations) is caused by a 52–base pair (bp) deletion, the type 2 mutation (~30% of mutations) is due to a 5-bp insertion, and the remaining mutations consist of other variably sized insertions and deletions. Interestingly, all CALR mutations appear to be similar in that they result in a frameshift with production of an identical 36–amino acid C-terminus and deletion of the KDEL sequence, which normally retains the wild-type calreticulin protein within the endoplasmic reticulum. Over the past year, numerous groups have examined the incidence …
Topical nitrogen mustard for the treatment of granulomatous slack skin.

Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides in which inflammation leads to elastolysis manifested by pendulous skin folds with a predilection for flexural areas. Histologic findings include many multinucleated giant cells with large numbers of nuclei and loss of dermal elastic tissue. Definitive therapy has yet to be established, but recently interferon-α and radiation, interferon-γ, and pentostatin have shown some success in the treatment of GSS. We present two cases of GSS treated with topical nitrogen mustard (chlormethine; mechlorethamine; mustine), one of whom has long-term remission and the other partial remission. Topical nitrogen mustard appears to be an effective skin-directed therapy for this rare condition.
The Fates Of Aromatics Model (FOAM): Description, application, and analysis

Abstract The Fates Of Aromatics Model (FOAM) evaluates the hypothesis that transport, degradation, and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in aquatic systems can be forecast from fundamental chemical characteristics of this homologous series of compounds. Molecular weight, ring number, melting point, octanol: water partition coefficient, and a light absorption spectrum are used to calculate rates of dissolution, volatilization, photolytic degradation, sorption, and bioaccumulation of specific PAH's in lotic and lentic environments. FOAM forecast spatial and temporal concentrations of dissolved anthracene within 15 percent of concentrations measured in lotic microcosms. The model overestimated periphyton accumulation of anthracene by 425 percent, but was within 40–50 percent of measured concentrations in stream sediments and papershell clams. Patterns of naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene flux simulated by FOAM agreed qualitatively with results reported for lentic microcosms. Monte Carlo error analysis of FOAM identified 7 parameters that contributed importantly to imprecision in forecasts of anthracene fate. The rank order of correlation of these parameters with prediction error changes during the course of a simulation.
Forces Shaping Urban Europe

The paper describes seven major forces which are currently affecting the spatial structure of urban Europe. Globalisation of the world economy has emphasised comparative advantage leading to the deindustrialisation of many older cities and the emergence of a very select group of Eurocities. Changes in east-central Europe will provide a new stimulus to the growth of capital and second order cities in which new investment will be concentrated. The urban impact of the shift to the informational sector is twofold: major capitals will intensify their dominance but at a lower level of function there will be dispersal. Technological innovations in transport and communications are likely to lead to more polycentric cities. Lastly, the impacts on European cities of urban marketing and socio-demographic changes are described.
Unfold dynamics of generalized Gaussian structures

We consider the unfold dynamics of generalized Gaussian structures (GGSs) exposed to different kinds of external forces. A GGS consists of $N$ monomers connected by harmonic springs into a network; when its spectral dimension ${d}_{s}$ exceeds the critical value of 2 the GGS is in a collapsed state. Sommer and Blumen [J. Phys. A 28, 6669 (1995)] showed that collapsed structures can be unfolded under external forces; they demonstrate this for the case where each monomer is exposed to a force with a random direction: Then networks with a spectral dimension up to 4 become unfolded. In the present paper we focus on the dynamics of such unfold processes. We investigate GGSs exposed to different kinds of external forces (pulling one monomer, uncorrelated forces, long-range correlated forces, and diblocklike forces). We show that external perturbations that act only on a few monomers are not able to unfold a collapsed structure; on the other hand, more general kinds of forces lead to a stretching of GGSs even for ${d}_{s}g2$ as long as ${d}_{s}l{d}_{c},$ where ${d}_{c}$ depends on the kind of the force field. In general, during the unfold process the size $R$ of the GGS grows via a power law $R\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ $(0l~\ensuremath{\alpha}l~1),$ where \ensuremath{\alpha} depends on ${d}_{s}$ as well as on the kind of force field that is applied.
Helmet-mounted acoustic array for hostile fire detection and localization in an urban environment

The detection and localization of hostile weapons firing has been demonstrated successfully with acoustic sensor arrays on unattended ground sensors (UGS), ground-vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Some of the more mature systems have demonstrated significant capabilities and provide direct support to ongoing counter-sniper operations. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is conducting research and development for a helmet-mounted system to acoustically detect and localize small arms firing, or other events such as RPG, mortars, and explosions, as well as other non-transient signatures. Since today's soldier is quickly being asked to take on more and more reconnaissance, surveillance, & target acquisition (RSTA) functions, sensor augmentation enables him to become a mobile and networked sensor node on the complex and dynamic battlefield. Having a body-worn threat detection and localization capability for events that pose an immediate danger to the soldiers around him can significantly enhance their survivability and lethality, as well as enable him to provide and use situational awareness clues on the networked battlefield. This paper addresses some of the difficulties encountered by an acoustic system in an urban environment. Complex reverberation, multipath, diffraction, and signature masking by building structures makes this a very harsh environment for robust detection and classification of shockwaves and muzzle blasts. Multifunctional acoustic detection arrays can provide persistent surveillance and enhanced situational awareness for every soldier.
Single molecule tracking of P-glycoprotein in live cells reveals dynamic heterogeneity

P-glycoprotein transports chemotherapy drugs from the plasma membrane and allows cancer cells to survive treatment. We transiently transfected PGP labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (PGP-EGFP) into MES-SA cells and used single molecule tracking techniques to characterize the dynamics on the surface of live cells. PGP exhibits freely diffusive behavior at short times and is confined at long times with a transition to anomalous diffusion at 0.7 s.
CD2 SIGNALLING INDUCES PHOSPHORYLATION OF CREB IN PRIMARY LYMPHOCYTES

Promoter sequences responsive to cyclic AMP (cAMP) are found in a number of cellular genes, and bind transcription factors of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor-1 (ATF-1) family. We have used a human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) model of cAMP response element (CRE) transcription to investigate the influence of lymphocyte activation on transcription from homologous regions in the viral promoter. We previously demonstrated increased HTLV-1 transcription following CD2 but not CD3 receptor cross-linking. We hypothesized that this increased viral transcription was mediated, in part, through the phosphorylation of CREB. Therefore, we investigated CD2 and CD3 receptor-mediated signalling in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). CD2, but not CD3, cross-linking increased cAMP detected by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approximately fourfold. CD2 cross-linking concurrently increased phosphorylation of CREB detected by immunoblot assay eightfold. Consistent with post-translational regulation, no change in total level of CREB protein was observed. Phosphorylation of CREB occurred through a herbimycin A and Rp-cAMP-sensitive pathway, suggesting phosphorylation required antecedent activation of both protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and protein kinase A (PKA). Both CD2 and CD3 cross-linking increased binding of nuclear proteins to a radiolabelled CRE oligonucleotide probe in electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggesting that lymphocyte activation enhances binding independently of phosphorylation of CREB at serine 133. These data indicate specific modulation of the CREB/ATF-1 family of transcription factors by the CD2 signalling pathway and suggest CD2 receptor modulation of CRE-mediated transcription following ligand engagement (e.g. cell-to-cell contact).
Social Computing and the Attention Economy

Social computing focuses on the interaction between social behavior and information, especially on how the latter propagates across social networks and is consumed and transformed in the process. At the same time the ubiquity of information has left it devoid of much monetary value. The scarce, and therefore valuable, resource is now attention, and its allocation gives rise to an attention economy that determines how content is consumed and propagated. Since two major factors involved in getting attention are novelty and popularity, we analyze the role that both play in attracting attention to web content and how to prioritize them in order to maximize it. We also demonstrate that the relative performance of strategies based on prioritizing either popularity or novelty exhibit an abrupt change around a critical value of the novelty decay time, resembling a phase transition.
Role of Adrenergic Stimuli in Parathyroid Hormone Secretion in Man

The role of adrenergic stimuli in the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in man was evaluated. Intradermal injections of isoproterenol, 0.15 mg, or epinephrine, 0.3 mg, caused significant prompt increases in serum PTH levels. These increases were not accompanied by any changes in serum calcium (Ca) during the period of observation. Phenylephrine, 1.5 mg, intradermally, did not cause any significant changes in serum PTH or serum Ca. Propranolol infusion alone significantly inhibited the basal secretion of PTH. This inhibition by propranolol was overcome by isoproterenol administration. The results indicate that 1) beta adrenergic agents increase PTH secretion whereas alpha adrenergic agents have no effect, 2) beta adrenergic stimuli probably play an important physiological role in basal PTH secretion in man.
The relationship between local area labor market conditions and the use of Veterans Affairs health services

Background In the U.S., economic conditions are intertwined with labor market decisions, access to health care, health care utilization and health outcomes. The Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system has served as a safety net provider by supplying free or reduced cost care to qualifying veterans. This study examines whether local area labor market conditions, measured using county-level unemployment rates, influence whether veterans obtain health care from the VA.
Review of Sn-Doped Hematite Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures have been extensively studied as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the photoactivity of pristine hematite nanostructures is limited by a number of factors, including poor electrical conductiviy and slow oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. Previous studies have shown that using tin (Sn) as an n-type dopant can substantially enhance the photoactivity of hematite photoanodes by modifying their optical and electrical properties. Here, the recent accomplishments in using Sn-doped hematite photoanodes for solar water splitting are highlighted.
Assisted hatching does not enhance IVF success in good-prognosis patients

Purpose: The role of assisted hatching in good-prognosis IVF patients was evaluated in a prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study, which was followed by a retrospective observational series. Methods: After assisted hatching was proved successful in a mouse embryo study, 20 good-prognosis IVF patients were randomly assigned to either assisted hatching (13) or no assisted hatching (7; the controls). Following this series, 27 good-prognosis IVF patients were retrospectively evaluated to determine the outcome with assisted hatching. Results: In the prospective study, clinical pregnancies resulted from 3 (23%) of 13 patients in the hatching group, compared to 3 (43%) of 7 in the control group. Implantation rates were similar: 9.6% in the hatching group and 10.7% in the controls. In the retrospective series, the 11.1% implantation rate with assisted hatching was significantly less than the 42.9% implantation rate seen with traditional IVF. Conclusions: Implantation and pregnancy rates are high in young women undergoing traditional IVF. Assisted hatching is not beneficial in these patients.
FoxM1, a Forkhead Transcription Factor Is a Master Cell Cycle Regulator for Mouse Mature T Cells but Not Double Positive Thymocytes

FoxM1 is a forkhead box transcription factor and a known master regulator required for different phases of the cell cycle. In cell lines, FoxM1 deficient cells exhibit delayed S phase entry, aneuploidy, polyploidy and can't complete mitosis. In vivo, FoxM1 is expressed mostly in proliferating cells but is surprisingly also found in non-proliferating CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes. Here, we addressed the role of FoxM1 in T cell development by generating and analyzing two different lines of T-cell specific FoxM1 deficient mice. As expected, FoxM1 is required for proliferation of early thymocytes and activated mature T cells. Defective expression of many cell cycle proteins was detected, including cyclin A, cyclin B1, cdc2, cdk2, p27 and the Rb family members p107 and p130 but surprisingly not survivin. Unexpectedly, loss of FoxM1 only affects a few cell cycle proteins in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and has little effect on their sensitivity to apoptosis and the subsequent steps of T cell differentiation. Thus, regulation of cell cycle genes by FoxM1 is stage- and context-dependent.
Delayed carotid shunt occlusion detected by electroencephalographic monitoring.

Little has been recorded in the anesthesia literature concerning the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) that may occur during carotid endarterectomy many minutes after shunt placement and restoration of flow and that may be attributed to “delayed” shunt occlusion or cerebral emboli. We describe a patient in whom EEG changes indicative of cerebral ischemia occurred at the time of carotid clamping. The changes resolved promptly after placement of a carotid shunt but recurred 11 minutes later. Because of the EEG changes, the carotid shunt was evaluated and found to have become occluded. EEG monitoring was crucial to the detection of shunt occlusion in the absence of other systemic changes or surgical difficulties. The rapidity and magnitude of the changes in the EEG suggest that, if the occlusion had not been discovered and the patency of the shunt restored, the patient would have been at increased risk for neurologic injury.
Marrow MR signal abnormality associated with bilateral avulsive cortical irregularities in a gymnast

Abnormal marrow signal and marrow enhancement have not been described in association with benign avulsive cortical irregularity. We present the case of an 11-year-old gymnast with such findings that partially resolved over time. The marrow MR abnormalities are believed to represent an extension or spectrum of findings associated with avulsive cortical irregularity, and should not instantly suggest infection or malignancy, as has been previously indicated. Careful and close clinical and radiological follow-up is required to confirm its benign course.
Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications--A Tutorial

Spread-spectrum communications, with its inherent interference attenuation capability, has over the years become an increasingly popular technique for use in many different systems. Applications range from antijam systems, to code division multiple access systems, to systems designed to combat multipath. It is the intention of this paper to provide a tutorial treatment of the theory of spread-spectrum communications, including a discussion on the applications referred to above, on the properties of common spreading sequences, and on techniques that can be used for acquisition and tracking.
High-Performance Micro-Electrohydrodynamic Pump Actuator

The research aims at building a highly effective, miniaturized electrohydrodynamic pumped actuator. The actuator would provide greater performance in terms of higher force, higher displacement and equivalent bandwidth to the so-called smart materials (piezoelectric and magnetostrictive) actuators of comparable size. The EHD actuators find applications in active structure-borne noise abatement, active vibration control, precision pointing. The on-going research aims at parametrically understanding the actuator with respect to its geometry, contained dielectric fluid medium and electric fields. A multitude of prototypes will be designed, fabricated and tested to provide experimental benchmarking of the model predictions. At the same time, this experimental bench marking will provide practical expertise in both fabricating the concept and incorporating it into smart structures.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The changing shape of on-line disc-based editing

The on-line world is turning to non-linear editing rapidly. Yet non-linear on-line is not simply linear on-line brought up to date with discs rather than tape. It is a different approach to editing that brings with it the potential to completely change post production operational styles. What is more the technology of fast high capacity discs, that has enabled non-linear on-line, continues to progress rapidly. Comparisons with non-linear off-line systems and conventional linear suites highlight the strengths of non-linear on-line and areas where advances would bring further operational benefits. The paper considers the design constraints of the component parts of non-linear edit systems and discusses the likely implications of continuing technology improvements. The implications of shared storage or video servers on editing are discussed. The paper concludes with an examination of the opportunities and draw-backs that non-linear has on the role of the on-line editor, and restates the importance of designing both systems and structures that allow people to deliver their best.
Clinical course and outcome of patients admitted to an ICU for status asthmaticus.

Study objectives To describe the prognostic factors, clinical course, and outcome of patients with status asthmaticus treated in a medical ICU (MICU). Design Analysis of prospective data. Setting A multidisciplinary MICU of an inner-city university hospital. Patients We collected data on 132 hospital admissions of 89 patients with status asthmaticus treated in our MICU from August 1995 through July 1998. Measurements APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II scores were among the parameters measured. Results Seventy-nine percent of the patients were female, and 67% were African American (mean ± SD age, 42.4 ± 15.1 years). Patients in 48 of the 132 hospital admissions (36%) required invasive mechanical ventilation; sepsis developed in patients during 17 hospital admissions (13%), nonpulmonary organ failure developed during 16 hospital admissions (12%), and ARDS developed during 2 hospital admissions (2%). Pneumothorax developed in four patients and required tube thoracostomy in all four patients. The median APACHE II score was 11. Predicted mortality and actual mortality were 6.7% and 8.3%, respectively. The two most common immediate causes of death were pneumothorax (n = 3) and nosocomial infection (n = 3). All the deaths occurred in female patients. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors had higher APACHE II scores (median, 26 vs 15; p co 2 (63.8 ± 21.3 mm Hg vs 47.8 ± 19.1 mm Hg, p = 0.0101), and lower arterial pH (7.09 ± 0.12 vs 7.27 ± 0.12, p Conclusions The hospital mortality of patients admitted to an MICU for status asthmaticus is higher than expected. Higher APACHE II score and Pa co 2 and lower arterial pH within 24 h of hospital admission are associated with increased mortality. Sepsis and nonpulmonary organ failure are more likely to develop in nonsurvivors than survivors.
A description and functional taxonomy of rule-based decision support content at a large integrated delivery network.

Objectives:: This study sought to develop a functional taxonomy of rule-based clinical decision support. Design: The rule-based clinical decision support content of a large integrated delivery network with a long history of computer-based point-of-care decision support was reviewed and analyzed along four functional dimensions: trigger, input data elements, interventions, and offered choices. Results: A total of 181 rule types were reviewed, comprising 7,120 different instances of rule usage. A total of 42 taxa were identified across the four categories. Many rules fell into multiple taxa in a given category. Entered order and stored laboratory result were the most common triggers; laboratory result, drug list, and hospital unit were the most frequent data elements used. Notify and log were the most common interventions, and write order, defer warning, and override rule were the most common offered choices. Conclusion: A relatively small number of taxa successfully described a large body of clinical knowledge. These taxa can be directly mapped to functions of clinical systems and decision support systems, providing feature guidance for developers, implementers, and certifiers of clinical information systems.
New-Onset Rhinitis Symptoms Among Hospitalized Patients: Are Flowers a Culprit?

New-onset rhinitis symptoms following admission to the hospital were reported by 12.7% of surveyed patients. Presence of flower arrangements in the proximity of patients' beds was highly associated with the development of new rhinitis (odds ratio, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 4.3-21.7), or what may be more aptly referred to as "florocomial" rhinitis.
Are Homeschoolers Prepared for College Calculus

Homeschooling in the United States has grown considerably over the past several decades. This article presents findings from the Factors Influencing College Success in Mathematics (FICSMath) survey, a national study of 10,492 students enrolled in tertiary calculus, including 190 students who reported homeschooling for a majority of their high school years. The authors found that, compared with students who received other types of secondary schooling, students who homeschooled: (a) were demographically similar to their peers, (b) earned similar SAT Math scores, and (c) earned higher tertiary calculus grades.