cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EXAFS Study of Ball-Milled Elemental Nanocrystalline Powders

Nanocrystalline elemental powders of Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu were prepared by high-energy ball milling and studied using EXAFS spectroscopy. Data were acquired in total electron yield to avoid thickness effects, and a detailed analysis was performed to obtain structural parameters. While significant amplitude reduction was observed in the EXAFS signals of the ball-milled powders, reduction in first neighbor coordination number based on curve-fitting was limited to ≤ 15%. The results are consistent with the presence of nanocrystalline structures and structural defects induced by the milling process.
Type 3 Pfeiffer syndrome with normal thumbs.

We report on a male infant with extremely shallow orbits, spontaneous luxation of the eyes out of the eyelids, hypoplastic midface, broad, medially rotated great toes, and respiratory distress due to severe bilateral posterior choanal stenosis. At 4 days he had open cranial sutures (both by palpation and radiological examination). Subsequent radiologic studies demonstrated: thickening of the skull base, vertebral anomalies, flattening of the olecranon fossae with dislocated radii, and triangular shape of the proximal phalanx of the first toes. Our patient had manifestations of type 3 Pfeiffer syndrome (PS). However, the finding of normal thumbs has not been reported in type 3 PS. Point mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) have been reported in familial and sporadic cases of PS, but were not found in this patient. Recognizing type 3 PS, despite variability in expression, is important for genetic counseling, prognosis, and decision-making regarding craniofacial surgery © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inducing and enhancing the paramagnetic meissner effect in Nb disks

The paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) is exemplified by positive field-cooled susceptibilities below the superconducting transition temperature and is possibly a signature ford-wave superconductivity in the cuprate superconductors. We have previously reported the occurrence of the PME in Nb disks and our present studies indicate ion implantation of the Nb surfaces not only enhances the positive field-cooled response already showing the PME, but can also induce the PME in other disks previously exhibiting only diamangnetic field-cooled susceptibilities. Thus the occurrence of the PME in Nb is neither an intrinsic property nor related to the superconducting pairing mechanism.
Managing violence without coercion

Managing violence has become a priority for nurses working in health care settings (AAN Expert Panel, 1993; Editorial, 1992; Lipscomb & Love, 1992). Although psychiatric nurses have a long history of dealing with and managing violent situations, very little attention has been given to a critical analysis of our traditional methods of managing violence. The purpose of this paper is: (a) to present an interactional theory of aggression and violence that argues for the coercive nature of violence in persons with a mental illness (Morrison, 1990b, 1992b, 1993b), and (b) to propose a different approach to managing violent situations that emphasizes negotiation and collaboration, rather than control. Vignettes of violent situations provided by a clinical nurse specialist are used to highlight the presence of this coercive interactional style in patients, as well as to critically examine interventions for managing violence. It is hoped that an honest examination will assist nurses to re-evaluate current practices for managing potentially difficult situations.
Superconductivity in Almost-Localized Fermi Liquids: Application to Heavy-Fermion Compounds

We consider the Landau theory of an almost-localized Fermi liquid with a very large $\frac{{m}^{*}}{m}$ ratio. We argue that this system has a superconducting transition to a $p$-wave state. We estimate ${T}_{c}$, calculate the specific-heat discontinuities at ${T}_{c}$, and discuss phase stability. Using available experimental data for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${k}_{\mathrm{F}}$, we find that our results for this model are in good agreement with the known experimental values for heavy-fermion compounds.
Simultaneous autogenous milling and ferric chloride leaching of chalcopyrite

Abstract Mechanical activation by autogenous milling has previously been shown to improve leaching kinetics. In this study autogenous milling was conducted simultaneously with ferric chloride leaching. A sequence of products was observed, with chalcopyrite being replaced by synthetic nantokite (CuCl) and the nantokite being more gradually replaced by synthetic eriochalcite (CuCl2·2H2O).
Evaluation of the KLA-Tencor 2138 for line monitoring applications

This report summarizes the results of an evaluation of the KLA-Tencor (KT) 2138 Ultra-Broadband (UBB) optical inspection system performed in the DP1 development facility at Texas Instruments from July 1997 to November 1997. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the new 2138 UBB system compared to a KT AIT, non-SAT tests on a KT 2135, and SAT recipes on the KT 2132. The 2138 system was designed to provide improved sensitivity and defect detection over the 2135 and other tools. In particular, the UBB illumination source utilized by the 2138 system was expected to provide a significant sensitivity improvement over the 2135 on wafers with color variation as a source of noise. The speeds of the individual pixel tests on the 2138 are the same as those on the 2135. However, it was found that the 2138 0.62 micrometer pixel tests actually found more defects than did the 0.39 micrometer pixel tests on the 2132 on the process levels where this comparison was studied. This type of comparison was not performed between the 2138 and the 2135 since SAT capability was not available on the DP1 2135 during the evaluation. Initially, the primary objective of this project was to measure the UBB system's performance as compared to the 2135 on two Memory levels and three Logic levels. However, since the DP1 2135 system did not possess segmented autothreshold (SAT) capability during this evaluation and the DP1 2132 system did possess SAT capability, the DP1 2132 was added to the evaluation for a 2138 versus 213X SAT direct comparison. Also, the AIT was added to the evaluation plan for a brightfield versus darkfield technology comparison. Finally, three additional Logic levels were added to the evaluation plan, including one Post-CMP level. During this evaluation, the 2138 was proven to be significantly more sensitive than was the 2135, 2132, and the AIT on all process levels compared. Also, very few hardware or software problems were noted during the evaluation.
Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present

Ongoing debate about proper interpretation of DNA sequence polymorphisms and their ability to reconstruct human population history illustrates a important change in perspective that we have achieved in the past 20 years of population genetics. To what extent does the history of a locus represent the history of a population? Tools originally developed for molecular systematics, where genetic lineages have been separated by speciation events, are routinely applied to the analysis of variation within our species, with conflicting results. Because of automated technologies and linkage analysis, we are poised to harvest a wealth of information about our past, if we are successful in moving beyond a current polarization regarding models of human evolution. Rather than just suggesting that true resolution will only come by considering fossil or archaeological evidence, the realistic and appropriate application of genetic models for analysis of population structure is also necessary. Three examples from different dispersal events are highlighted here.
Hospice in prison: the Louisiana State Penitentiary Hospice Program.

This article by the hospice case manager and inmate volunteer coordinator at the Louisiana State Penitentiary (LSP) hospice program describes the program's major features, how it was started and is sustained within the confines and culture of prison life, and how the challenges to implementing a hospice program within a maximum security prison continue to be met. Recommendations are offered for undertaking a hospice initiative in a correctional facility. The LSP Hospice Program was honored in May 2000 with the Circle of Life Award from the American Hospital Association. This article is excerpted from a thematic issue, "Hospice in Prison," Volume 2, Number 3, 2000 of the online journal, Innovations in End-of-Life Care at http://www.edc.org/lastacts/
The disruption of immunoglobulin caps by local anesthetics.

Abstract Surface complexes of Ig-anti-Ig (Ig, immunoglobulin) readily redistribute into caps. Local anesthetics (lidocaine and chlorpromazine) disrupt the caps, the complexes disseminating over the entire surface. Removal of the anesthetic then allows the complexes to reform into caps. The effects of the anesthetics on cap disruption were counteracted by an increase in extracellular Ca2+ and were not energy dependent. The inhibition of cap formation by anesthetic is also counteracted by increased extracellular Ca2+.
Cortical Plasticity: Time For A Change

Two recent studies have tested whether synaptic learning rules, inferred earlier from work on cell cultures and brain slices, apply in intact brains. The evidence indicates that they do, and reveals interesting implications for brain development and perceptual learning.
Direct Detection of Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation for Nonmetal Determinations with a Helium Microwave-Induced Plasma

A study of the determination of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids (F, Cl, Br, I, S, P, Se, As, Sb, and Pb) in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral region with a kilowatt-plus helium microwave-induced plasma is presented. A spectrometer system similar to that used for far-ultraviolet optical sampling with an inductively coupled plasma was designed and implemented. This arrangement was produced by using an optical sampler to couple the plasma discharge with a helium-purged monochromator. Monitoring was performed at wavelengths less than 200 nm with no N2 or O2 in the optical path. Helium was chosen as the purge gas because it is transparent in the wavelength region of interest (>58 nm). Sample introduction was accomplished with ultrasonic nebulization. Limits of detection, linear ranges, and matrix effects caused by group IA and IIA elements were studied. Analytical calibration plots were linear over a range of 2-3 orders of magnitude. Detection limits ranged from 0.06 μg/mL for sulfur to 5 μg/mL for selenium.
Highlighting with Flicker Some Basic Visual Search Considerations

Previous research has demonstrated that search times are reduced when flicker is used to highlight color coded symbols, but that flicker is not distracting when subjects must search for non-highlighted symbols. This prompted an examination of flicker and other stimulus dimensions in a conjunctive search paradigm. In all experiments, at least 15 subjects completed a minimum of 330 trials in which they indicated the presence or absence of target stimuli on a CRT display that contained either 8, 16 or 32 items. In Experiment 1, subjects searched for blue-steady or red-flickering (5.6 Hz) circular targets among blue-flickering and red-steady distractors. Blue-steady targets produced a more efficient search rate (11.6 msec/item) than red-flickering targets (19.3 msec/item). In Experiment 2, a conjunction of flicker and size (large and small filled circles) yielded the opposite results; the search performance for large-flickering targets was unequivocally parallel. In Experiment 3, conjunctions of form and flic...
Use of laser diodes for control of uranium vaporization rates

Within the atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) program we have successfully used the laser absorption spectroscopy technique (LAS) to diagnose process physics performance and control vaporization rate. In the LAS technique, a narrow-line-width laser is tuned to an absorption line of the species to be measured. The laser light that is propagated through the sample is measured, and from this data the density of the species can be calculated. These laser systems have almost exclusively consisted of expensive, cumbersome, and difficult-to- maintain argon-ion-pumped ring dye lasers. While the wavelength flexibility of dye lasers is very useful in a laboratory environment, these laser systems are not well suited for the industrial process control system under development for an AVLIS plant. Diode lasers offer lower system costs, reduced manpower requirements, reduced space requirements, higher system availability, and improved operator safety. We report the successful deployment and test of a prototype laser-diode-based uranium vapor rate control system. Diode-laser-generated LAS data was used to control the uranium vaporization rate in a hands-off mode for greater than 50 hours. With one minor adjustment, the system successfully controlled the vaporization rate for greater than 147 hours. We report excellent agreement with ring dye laser diagnostics and uranium weigh-back measurements.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mindfulness and Human Development: A Commentary on the Special Issue

The articles in this special issue focus on the putative effects of mindfulness training on aspects of attention, emotion, and interpersonal behavior in children, adolescents, and educators. In this commentary, I situate these articles within an emerging, interdisciplinary study of the mind/body system and its prospects for transformation across the lifespan through mental training and neuroplasticity called the “Contemplative Science Project” (CSP). After describing the nature of the CSP—its aims, assumptive framework, phenomena of interest and methods—I highlight features and findings of these articles that, collectively, enrich the scope of the CSP through a focus on human development.
Modeling and Radiation Effects Study of an LSI/MOS Logic System

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive modeling and radiation effects study of a p-channel enhancement mode LSI/MOS test chip (TC) specifically designed to allow measurement of discrete device type parameters and responses for circuits constructed from similar devices on a common chip. Particular emphasis was given to the development of accurate models of the individual devices and to the demonstration of the use of these models in predicting the radiation responses of the circuits on the chip. Ionization dose and neutron effects were determined for each of the parameters used in the model which contained the basic Sah equations modified to include channel length modulation effects, the body effect, and the electric-field-dependence of channel mobility. Average values of these parameters were then used in predictions of pre- and post-radiation responses for circuits.
Feminine saccharin preference in the genetically androgen insensitive male rat pseudohermaphrodite

Abstract Saccharin preference in the Stanley-Gumbreck, male rat pseudohermaphrodite is characteristically feminine. The pseudohermaphrodite consumes significantly greater amounts of 0.25,.0.5, and 1.0% saccharin solutions than male littermates. The enhanced saccharin preference of pseudohermaphrodites suggest incomplete or absent masculine imprinting of brain centers regulating fluid consumption. Saccharin preference was unaffected by gonadectomy in pseudohermaphrodites with previous experience in selecting saccharin.
Electronic structure of actinocenes and actinofullerenes

Abstract Spin-orbit configuration-interaction calculations have been carried out on actinide complexes using relativistic core potentials and contracted Gaussian atomic orbitals. At present, this type of calculation gives moderate-accuracy results on ground states and excited states and on a number of molecular properties. Our previous work on uranocene has been continued with protactinocene, neptunocene, and plutonocene, giving the patterns of low-lying f→f states and higher-lying f→d and π→d states. Accurate magnetic moment values are obtained from these wavefunctions. The U@C60 and U@C28 complexes show extensive mixing of π orbitals with both 6d and 5f orbitals. The lower states of U@C28 are of π ∗ f and f2 character with the ground state appearing to be a π ∗ f state with mainly singlet character.
Infrared observations of Comet Kohoutek (1973f)

Comet Kohoutek has been observed at wavelengths between 1.25 and 12.5 microns before and after perihelion passage extending to comet-sun distances of 1 AU. The luminosity and the variation of brightness with comet-sun distance in the infrared are extraordinarily similar to those of Comet Ikeya-Seki (1965f). Apart from an apparent 'silicate' emission feature near 10 microns, the spectrum of the comet between 3.5 and 12.5 microns is close to that expected from emission by grey particles. Hotter particles and scattered sunlight produce the bulk of the 1.25- to 3.5-micron emission.
Evidence for the involvement of histidine A(12) in the aggregation and precipitation of human relaxin induced by metal-catalyzed oxidation.

The metal-catalyzed oxidation (ascorbate/cupric chloride/oxygen) of recombinant human relaxin (rhRlx, type II) was shown by Li et al. [Li, S., Nguyen, T. H., Schoneich, C., and Borchardt, R. T. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 5762−5772] to result in the chemical modification of His A(12), Met B(4), and Met B(25). Considering the fact that His A(12) exists in an extended loop that joins two α-helices in this protein, we hypothesized that oxidation of this specific amino acid leads to alterations in the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein, resulting in the pH-dependent aggregation/precipitation phenomena observed in our earlier studies (i.e., at pH >6.0 most of the degradants of rhRlx are insoluble). Evidence obtained in the current study that supports this hypothesis includes the following: (i) oxidation of rhRlx with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which leads only to modification of Met B(4) and Met B(25), does not result in the pH-dependent aggregation/precipitation of the protein; and (ii) metal-cataly...
Tephra-fall deposits from the 1992 eruption of Crater Peak, Alaska : Implications of clast textures for eruptive processes

The 1992 eruption of Crater Peak, Mount Spurr, Alaska, involved three subplinian tephra-producing events of similar volume and duration. The tephra consists of two dense juvenile clast types that are identified by color, one tan and one gray, of similar chemistry, mineral assemblage, and glass composition. In two of the eruptive events, the clast types are strongly stratified with tan clasts dominating the basal two thirds of the deposits and gray clasts the upper one third. Tan clasts have average densities between 1.5 and 1.7 g/cc and vesicularities (phenocryst free) of approximately 42%. Gray clasts have average densities between 2.1 and 2.3 g/cc, and vesicularities of approximately 20%; both contain abundant microlites. Average maximum plagioclase microlite lengths (13–15 μm) in gray clasts in the upper layer are similar regardless of eruptive event (and therefore the repose time between them) and are larger than average maximum plagioclase microlite lengths (9–11 μm) in the tan clasts in the lower layer. This suggests that microlite growth is a response to eruptive processes and not to magma reservoir heterogeneity or dynamics. Furthermore, we suggest that the low vesicularities of the clasts are due to syneruptive magmatic degassing resulting in microlitic growth prior to fragmentation and not to quenching of clasts by external groundwater.
A real-time selective speaker cancellation system for relieving social anxiety in autistics

Due to hypersensitivity to sound, patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can feel frustrated and even profoundly fearful when talking with multiple speakers. This exacerbates their impairments in social interaction and communication. We propose a fully interactive system that allows ASD patient to focus on a single auditory stream (a person's voice) according to their preference during conversations. The system has the capacity to filter out other speakers' voices based on distinguishing their locations. The experimental results have demonstrated our prototyping system works reliably in regular conversations.
Monte Carlo simulation of semiflexible hard triatomic fluids

The density-density and orientational correlations in semiflexible hard triatomic fluids are investigated via Monte Carlo simulations and integral equation theory. The intramolecular correlations, intermolecular site-site and centre of mass pair correlation functions, and molecular axis and segmentsegment orientational correlation functions are monitored for several densities and molecular flexibilities. The properties of the model are found to interpolate smoothly between the limiting cases of freely jointed trimers and rigid linear trimers. A self-consistent implentation of the Chandler-Andersen (RISM) theory is found to be in qualitative and sometimes quantitative agreement with simulations for the site-site correlation functions. The importance of using the same approximations in the RISM theory for both the closure relation and the solvation potential is demonstrated.
Platelet count and function in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Impaired platelet function has been associated with an increased propensity for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The role of platelet count and dysfunction in spontaneous ICH (SICH) is poorly understood. We tested the hypotheses that patients with SICH have subtle platelet dysfunction associated with ICH progression and larger ICH size. In a retrospective case series, we compared platelet counts in patients with SICH with age-matched controls with neuromuscular disorders admitted to a Neurosciences Critical Care Unit (NCCU). In a subset of patients, platelet function was measured within one week of ICH. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were performed within 24 hours of the event and ICH volume determined by the ABC/2 method. Comparison of 43 patients with SICH and 35 age-matched controls with neuromuscular disease demonstrated significant decreases in platelet counts over the first few days of admission to the NCCU (Nadir: 149 +/- 9 vs 202 +/- 12 IU/mm3; P = .001). There was a significant correlation between a fall in platelet count and change in hematoma size in 28 patients (P = .01). Seventeen patients were enrolled prospectively to study platelet function. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on ICH volume: 30 cc. There was an association of low platelet count at a median of 4 days with larger ICH volume (P = .01). Platelet function abnormalities, including aggregation to arachidonic acid, collagen, and ADP and ATP release reactions to thrombin and collagen, and a prolonged bleeding time were common findings in ICH patients compared to standardized controls. Platelet dysfunction was more common in large versus small ICH (80% vs 50%). Two patients with significant (>15%) hematoma enlargement within the first 24 hours had significant early decreases in platelet counts and extensive platelet dysfunction. In conclusion, platelet dysfunction is common among patients with SICH. Low platelet count and platelet dysfunction may be factors in expansion of ICH volume. Further prospective studies with larger sample size are needed to assess this association.
Does Market Size Matter for How Trade Openess Affects Economic Growth

This study investigates the impact of market size on how trade openness affects economic growth. A panel data of 60 developing countries is used and two measures of trade openness are interacted with four measures of market size. Although the interactive terms by themselves do not appear to be significant but the two measures of trade openness are positive and significant. Their positive impact on economic growth is generally robust in the presence of the measures of market size. Moreover, OLS estimation using both cross section and period fixed effects seems to be superior to using cross section fixed effects only.
a guide to the perplexed ethnographer in an age of sound bites

Fieldnotes: The Making of Anthropology. ROGER SANJEK, ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990. xviii + 429 pp., figures, photographs, notes, references, index.
Hexabenzocoronene Model Compounds for Asphaltene Fractions: Synthesis & Characterization

Asphaltenes are the fraction of bitumen with the highest molecular weight, containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons rich in heteroatoms and polar groups that result in strong self-association under extraction and upgrading conditions. The synthesis of alkylated hexabenzocoronenes is here reported to provide new insight into the behavior of bitumen residue fractions. The self-association behavior of these polyaromatic model compounds is investigated over a range of temperatures using vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), optical and electron microscopy, X-ray and small-angle neutron scattering, and calorimetry (DSC/TGA). In addition to these experimental studies, computational studies are used to determine the contribution of alkyl−alkyl and π−π stacking interactions to this association behavior. Experimental and computational results are compared to asphaltene properties under extraction and upgrading conditions, as well as to the archipelago and pericondensed models proposed for a...
The Poetics of Loss: Grieving for England in Pope’s Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady

In 1717, Alexander Pope published the haunting poem Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady. Readers have frequently tried to identify the unfortunate lady, a mysterious figure that appears as t...
Genetic regulation of liver alcohol dehydrogenase in Peromyscus

Data from genetic crosses of Peromyscus maniculatus and P. polionotus suggest that electrophoretic variants of liver alcohol dehydrogenase are coded by alleles at a single locus. These alleles, designated Adh F , Adh S , and Adh N , determine, respectively, the fast, slow, and not detectable (null) ADH electrophoretic phenotypes. Heterozygotes (Adh F /Adh S ) exhibit three bands on zymograms, suggesting a dimeric subunit structure for the enzyme. However, Adh F /Adh N and Adh S /Adh N animals exhibit a single band, suggesting that the Adh N allele does not produce a polypeptide subunit capable of dimerizing into an active molecule. Fast and slow electrophoretic phenotypes exhibit multiple bands which can be converted into single major fast and slow bands, respectively, upon treatment with oxidized or reduced NAD. Addition of NAD also stabilizes both the fast and slow enzyme to heat inactivation at 60 C for at least 30 min.
A unified method for pricing options on diffusion processes

Abstract This paper presents a unified method for closed-form pricing of European options on assets with diffusion prices. The method uses linear and nonlinear time and scale changes to reduce complex diffusion processes to known processes, thereby generating option pricing formulas for new diffusion processes and unifying existing results. Applications include: systematically modelling the effects on option prices of time-dependent variability in the underlying asset price, valuing futures options and options on assets showing maturity-related or seasonal volatility, valuing options on new nonconstant elasticity-of-variance diffusion processes, and pricing generalized options.
Hungry in the Heartland: Using Community Food Systems as a Strategy to Reduce Rural Food Deserts

Despite community and policy efforts to improve Americans' eating behaviors, the majority of Americans still fail to meet fruit and vegetable intake recommendations and rates of overweight and obesity rise. These issues are particularly acute in limited-resource, rural communities where food access, availability, and pricing hinder residents' abilities to purchase fresh produce and healthy food options. Many overweight and obesity prevention and nutrition interventions attempt to improve eating habits by increasing knowledge and changing behavior; however, such interventions often do not incorporate local resources or consider environmental barriers of rural communities. Though there are numerous evaluation tools and measures for monitoring and assessing rural food environments, their greatest limitation is that they often do not consider qualitative data or inventory nontraditional sources of healthy food. Though many researchers and practitioners have promoted policy changes and supermarket intervention...
Atypical cardiac tamponade in severe pulmonary hypertension.

A 33-year-old Caucasian woman with Class 1 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) managed on tadalafil, ambrisentan, treprostinil, digoxin and diuretics presented with progressive dyspnoea and orthopnoea since 2 weeks. Cardiac examination revealed hypotension, tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, jugular venous distension, muffled heart sounds, loud P2 and holosystolic murmur at left-lower sternal border. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a large circumferential pericardial effusion (PCE) with diastolic left atrial (LA) collapse and uncollapsed right atrium (RA; figures 1 and 2). Severe RA enlargement, severe tricuspid regurgitation, elevated right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (170 mm Hg) and …
A flexure-based wrist for needle-sized surgical robots

We present a novel flexure-based wrist design intended for use with needle-sized robotic manipulators. It is designed to be mounted at the tip of a traditional surgical needle, deployed through an endoscope working channel, or attached to the tip of a concentric tube robot. In all these applications, the wrist enables dexterity in small spaces. The wrist consists of two stacked flexure joints that are actuated by thin pull wires. In this paper we present the design of the wrist, its kinematics, and an experimental evaluation of the relationship between actuation force and tip displacement conducted using a scale model.
The influence of auditor experience on the persuasiveness of information provided by management

In this paper, we test whether experience limits auditors' reliance on management‐provided information when that information is more favorable than an objective benchmark. In an experiment, we find that experience as an audit senior and the favorableness of management information interact to influence auditor assessments of the reliability of internal controls. While auditors with low levels of experience at the senior rank give assessments that are more favorable, when management's assessment is favorable, high‐experience senior auditors' judgments are not influenced by management's assessment. We conclude that as auditors gain experience, they also gain persuasion knowledge, which allows them to deflect management's persuasion attempts.
An aberrant crossed visual corticotectal pathway in albino rats

This study investigates the dynamic nature of the developing corticotectal pathway arising in the visual cortex. Special attention is given to the interaction occurring between the corticotectal pathways of each side of the brain and between corticotectal and retinotectal terminations. Normally the visual cortex of rats projects only to the ipsilateral superior colliculus. If one visual cortex is removed at birth, the remaining visual cortex subsequently shows a bilateral projection to the superior colliculus. The aberrant corticotectal pathway is heavier if the cortical ablation is accompanied by eye removal at birth but eye enucleation alone is not a sufficient stimulus for production of a crossed corticotectal projection. The aberrant crossed pathway shows a topographic order which appears to correspond to that of the normal ipsilateral corticotectal pathway. The pathway differs from the aberrant projections from the retina in that lesions done as late as 20 days postnatal still result in an aberrant crossed corticotectal pathway. This is similar to the aberrant crossed cortical projections from sensorimotor cortex. The pathway would appear to arise as a result of lack of competition from corticotectal axons normally present contralaterally or from attraction of denervated corticotectal sites. While denervated retinotectal sites stimulate sprouting of the corticotectal axons once in the deafferented colliculus, they do not stimulate crossing of the corticotectal projection.
Job satisfaction of nursing home administrators.

That job satisfaction can best be measured by a multivariate causal modeling approach was proposed by Kalleberg ( 3 ) . To confirm further Kalleberg's theory of perceptions of job satisfaction, South Carolina nursing home administrators were surveyed to assess their satisfaction at work. A causal measure of job satisfaction was employed using a nine-item differential scale developed from Gross (2 ) . Eighty-one (32%) nursing home administrators responded to a questionnaire to assess age, education, sex, salary, community size, and job satisfaction. Their mean age was 43.5 yr. ( S D = 10.8) and their education 15.8 yr. ( S D = 2.2). There were 39 females. The most frequently reported salary range was $20,000 to $25,000 and community size 15,000 to 50,000? There was scanr correlation berween job satisfaction and sex ( r = -0.04) and community size ( r = -0.03). Some correlation was found berween job satisfaction and education ( r = -0.11) and age ( r = 0.19). Administrators with higher salaries, however, were more likely to report higher job satisfaction ( r = 0.38). These results support Kalleberg's conclusion on the utility of a causal modeling approach to measurement issues in job satisfaction. Salary was positively correlated and education somewhat negatively correlated with perceived satisfaction at work. The relationship between age and job satisfaction seems contrary to a previous study ( 1 ) but may reflect the older population of nursing home administrators. Research should assess other determinants of job satisfaction for specific populations using the causal modeling measurement approach described by Kalleberg.
Separation and indirect detection by capillary zone electrophoresis of ppb (w/w) levels of aluminum ions in solutions of multiple cations

Abstract Solutions of multiple cations in aqueous solutions at concentrations as low as 200 ppb were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis. Aluminum ions were cleanly separated from Li + , K + , Ca 2+ , Cr 3+ , Zn 2+ , CU 2+ , and other ions less than 6 min after injection of the solution on a 50 cm × 50 μm I.D. uncoated fused-silica capillary column at 15 kV. Indirect detection at 204 nm was carried out using a pH 2.8 background electrolyte containing 5.2 m M ephedrine as a UV-absorbing co-ion and 4.7 m M α-hydroxyisobutyric acid as a completing counter ion. Mobilities for Al 3+ and 14 other complexed cations were determined for this electrolyte.
Investor risk premia and real macroeconomic fluctuations

Abstract The premium for risk should have a significant impact on real economic activity: basic finance teaches corporate managers to evaluate new investment opportunities based on a risk-adjusted cost of capital. Moreover, many asset pricing models show this premium should vary with economic conditions. Firms seeking to invest in the midst of a recession when the premium for risk is high, for example, must offer a higher rate of return on new investments. By inducing changes in investment, the risk premium should affect new durable orders, employment, and other measures of economic performance. We measure the risk premia implied by the Fama–French (Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 1993. Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics 25, 3–56) asset pricing model and test whether innovations in the premia are informative about future real economic activity. Our results indicate that these shocks, especially those to the premium related to small firms, induce responses in the real economy similar to those from monetary policy disturbances.
Where algebra meets signal processing: Generating SW/HW implementations of algorithms

I introduce SPIRAL (www.spiral.net), the first release originally described in [1], a generator of libraries of linear signal processing algorithms like linear transforms, including the discrete Fourier transform, the discrete cosine transform, filters, or wavelets, as well as applications lke JPEG2000, Viterbi decoding, and SAR image formation algorithms. SPIRAL is a new breed of intelligent compilers that couples domain knowledge, computer architecture modeling, machine learning methodologies, and compiler technology to generate automatically highly tuned SW codes and very efficient HW IP cores. SPIRAL produces automatically C code with embedded vector and parallel instructions for multicore or multiprocessor architectures, or netlists for FPGA implementations. SPIRAL can optimize for or trade among a range of criteria including runtime, power/energy, accuracy, or area. SPIRAL has been benchmarked against expert hand tuned implementations and has been licensed as a tool by INTEL.
Kinetics of Electrophoretic Deposition of Zinc Oxide Quantum Particle Thin Films

Thin films of ZnO quantum particles were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition from colloidal suspensions. The deposition kinetics were monitored by correlating optical absorbance measurements with values obtained for the molar concentration of Zn in the films by atomic absorption spectrometry. The semilogarithmic relationship of deposition mass with deposition time for the quantum particles followed the rate law for micrometer-sized particles.
Analysis of twin data using SAS.

Twin studies are essential for assessing disease inheritance. Data generated from twin studies are traditionally analyzed using specialized computational programs. For many researchers, especially those who are new to twin studies, understanding and using those specialized computational programs can be a daunting task. Given that SAS is the most popular software for statistical analysis, we suggest the use of SAS procedures for twin data may be a helpful alternative and demonstrate that we can obtain similar results from SAS to those produced by specialized computational programs. This numerical validation is practically useful, because a natural concern with general statistical software is whether it can deal with data that are generated from special study designs such as twin studies and whether it can test a particular hypothesis. We conclude through our extensive simulation that SAS procedures can be used easily as a very convenient alternative to specialized programs for twin data analysis.
Classifying lakes to improve precision of nutrient–chlorophyll relationships

AbstractAccurate and precise estimates of relationships between stressors and environmental responses can inform management decisions most usefully when models can be easily interpreted. Here, we describe an approach for classifying lakes and reservoirs that can improve estimates of the relationships between total P (TP) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, while preserving a model that can be readily interpreted by environmental managers and stakeholders. We selected classification variables statistically with a classification and regression tree in which relationships between TP and chl a were the terminal nodes of the tree. We developed a set of classification trees from bootstrapped replicates of the calibration data to explore a broader range of possible trees. We chose a final tree based on its predictive performance with a validation data set. The total N∶TP mass ratio was the classification variable selected most frequently from a broad array of biological, chemical, and physical candidate cla...
Production and Characterization of a Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen Having IgG- and IgE-Binding Activity

By employing hybridoma technology, a monoclonal antibody against Aspergillus fumigatus was produced. This antibody, isotyped as IgM k, reacted with 12 of 16 antigens extracted from
Gain and absorption of an X-ray pre-ionized XeCl discharge laser at high gas pressures

An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of XeCl discharge lasers at high gas pressures (∼ 15 atm). From a comparison of the fluorescence measurements with the net small signal gain coefficients, it was concluded that absorption is the main cause of the catastrophic drop in laser output power in higher pressures. Accounting for such molecular absorbers as Xe+2, Xe*2, and Xe2Cl*, the absorption coefficient,K, was calculated using a simple steady-state analysis and the net gain coefficients deduced from the calculated absorptions came to within an order of magnitude of the measured values.
Model studies of cesium promoters in water-gas shift catalysts: Cs/Cu(110)

Abstract The kinetics and the mechanism of the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction have been studied over a Cu(110) surface containing vapor-deposited Cs adatoms. The optimum rate occurs for a Cs coverage of about one cesium atom per four Cu surface atoms. Postreaction surface analysis (XPS, AES, TDS) proves that this Cs is almost immediately converted to a surface complex containing cesium, oxygen, and carbon under reaction conditions. This complex has TDS, XPS, and AES features similar to a surface cesium carbonate, CSξ · CO3,a (x = 1.5 to 2.0). The kinetics of the elementary reaction steps leading to the formation and decomposition of this carbonate are also studied. These steps are in rapid equilibrium under reaction conditions. The electronic effects of the Cs, on the elementary steps of the WGS reaction are also investigated. Cesium causes an acceleration in water dissociation on the surface and in the conversion of surface oxygen to C02 by CO. The former reaction is rate-limiting with no Cs present, whereas the latter partially controls the rate on the optimally promoted surface.
Batching and dynamic allocation techniques for increasing the stream capacity of an on-demand media server

A server for an interactive distributed multimedia system may require thousands of gigabytes of storage space and high I/O bandwidth. In order to maximize system utilization, and thus minimize cost, the load must be balanced among the server's disks, interconnection network and scheduler. Many algorithms for maximizing retrieval capacity from the storage system have been proposed. The paper presents techniques for improving server capacity by assigning media requests to the nodes of a server so as to balance the load on the interconnection network and the scheduling nodes. Five policies for request assignment are developed. The performance of these policies on an implementation of a server model developed earlier is presented.
Examining Reuse in LASRS++-Based Projects

NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) developed the Langley Standard Real-Time Simulation in C++ (LaSRS++) to consolidate all software development for its simulation facilities under one common framework. A common framework promised a decrease in the total development effort for a new simulation by encouraging software reuse. To judge the success of LaSRS++ in this regard, reuse metrics were extracted from 11 aircraft models. Three methods that employ static analysis of the code were used to identify the reusable components. For the method that provides the best estimate, reuse levels fall between 66 percent and 95 percent indicating a high degree of reuse. Additional metrics provide insight into the extent of the foundation that LaSRS++ provides to new simulation projects. When creating variants of an aircraft, LaRC developers use object-oriented design to manage the aircraft as a reusable resource. Variants modify the aircraft for a research project or embody an alternate configuration of the aircraft. The variants inherit from the aircraft model. The variants use polymorphism to extend or redefine aircraft behaviors to meet the research requirements or to match the alternate configuration. Reuse level metrics were extracted from 10 variants. Reuse levels of aircraft by variants were 60 percent - 99 precent.
TigerSwitch: a case study in embedded computing system design

The paper describes and analyzes the design of TigerSwitch, a PC-based private branch exchange (PBX) designed at Princeton University. Building TigerSwitch required creating custom hardware and software designed to fit onto a standard IBM PC-compatible platform. The authors' design experience provides several lessons which they believe extend to other embedded design domains: the system architecture required to meet performance goals is often not isomorphic to the structure of the specification; system-level performance analysis is an essential part of system architecture design; architectural decisions must be made on the basis of estimates before complete implementations of the components are available; and most allocations of functions to software or custom hardware are obvious, while a few are very difficult. >
Resilience and Resistance in Professional Identity Making: Gleanings from the Classroom Experiences of Devout Christian Social Workers

Recent assertions raise questions about whether university social work programs might discriminate against Christian students. Findings from this exploratory study of Christian social workers describe ways in which individuals have negotiated and/or silenced their religious identities while studying or practicing. Semistructured interviews with seven self-described Christian social workers revealed specific acts of resilience and resistance. Study participants perceived more challenges to their religious identities while in the university than the workplace. Moreover, respect for client self-determination mediated possible conflict between religious and social work values. Many participants disagreed with specific practices within the school of social work but also critically examined policies adopted by their church communities. Recommendations for pedagogy and practice are summarized.
Islet Amyloid in Type 2 Diabetes, and the Toxic Oligomer Hypothesis

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, loss of beta-cell mass with increased beta-cell apoptosis and islet amyloid. The islet amyloid is derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin), a protein coexpressed and cosecreted with insulin by pancreatic beta-cells. In common with other amyloidogenic proteins, IAPP has the propensity to form membrane permeant toxic oligomers. Accumulating evidence suggests that these toxic oligomers, rather than the extracellular amyloid form of these proteins, are responsible for loss of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we discuss emerging evidence to suggest that formation of intracellular IAPP oligomers may contribute to beta-cell loss in T2DM. The accumulated evidence permits the amyloid hypothesis originally developed for neurodegenerative diseases to be reformulated as the toxic oligomer hypothesis. However, as in neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unclear exactly why amyloidogenic proteins form oligomers in vivo, what their exact structure is, and to what extent these oligomers play a primary or secondary role in the cytotoxicity in what are now often called unfolded protein diseases.
Identifying and Addressing Uncertainty in Architecture-Level Software Reliability Modeling

Assessing reliability at early stages of software development, such as at the level of software architecture, is desirable and can provide a cost-effective way of improving a software system's quality. However, predicting a component's reliability at the architectural level is challenging because of uncertainties associated with the system and its individual components due to the lack of information. This paper discusses representative uncertainties which we have identified at the level of a system's components, and illustrates how to represent them in our reliability modeling framework. Our preliminary evaluation indicates promising results in our framework's ability to handle such uncertainties.