cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnet-associated intestinal perforation results in a new institutional policy of ferromagnetic screening prior to MRI

Foreign body ingestions are common and the vast majority pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complication. Some ingestions, however, result in serious morbidity and mortality. We present a case in which the patient’s chief complaint of severe posterior neck pain was unrelated to his foreign body ingestion (multiple magnets). The ingestion of magnets was not disclosed by the child to either the providing medical team or to the patient’s family. In order to evaluate the patient’s complaint of severe focal neck pain, MRI of the neck was performed. The authors believe it to be feasible that the MRI scan resulted in intestinal perforations that might not have occurred during the natural course of the ingestion. This complication might have been prevented if the patient had undergone screening with a ferromagnetic detector prior to entering the MRI suite. Because of the serious complications related to this case, all pediatric patients at our institution are now screened with ferromagnetic detectors prior to entering the MRI suite. We encourage nationwide policy revision to prevent further incidents similar to the one described in this case.
MOMENTUM TRANSFER CROSS SECTION AND FRACTIONAL ENERGY LOSS IN THE COLLISIONS OF SLOW ELECTRONS WITH NITROGEN MOLECULES

The momentum transfer collision cross sections, ${q}_{m}$, of nitrogen molecules for slow electrons and the mean fractional electron energy loss, $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, in these collisions have been determined by the method of microwave interaction in gaseous discharge plasmas. The mean energy of the electron was varied from 0.04 to 0.46 ev. The cross section, ${q}_{m}$, was found to be \ensuremath{\sim}17\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 0.04 ev. It decreases to \ensuremath{\sim}8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 0.46 ev. The mean fractional energy loss of the electron, $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, in the energy range investigated, was found to be \ensuremath{\sim}5.5 in units of $\frac{2m}{M}$. These results lend strong support to the theory of rotational excitation of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ by slow electrons.
Maria Vargas Llosa's El hablador as a Discourse of Conquest

In this article I study how Mario Vargas Llosa's El hablador proposes to deconstruct indigenist narrative and promotes the assimilation of Indian cultures under the model of modernity. In this sense, the novel El hablador is written as a discourse of conquest in which the construction of the self—through the evocation of various oppositions—represents an allegory of modern nation. I begin my article with the analysis of the notion of discourse of conquest, as well as one of its most reiterated images of power, the "civilizationbarbarism" dichotomy. I follow this with an analysis of the oppositions through which the representation of the self and the nation are elaborated. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol24/iss2/4 Mario Vargas Llosa's El hablador as a Discourse of Conquest' Jose Castro Urioste Purdue University Calumet
Flow variability and hillslope hydrology

Examination of spatial variability of streamflow in headwater areas can provide important insight about factors that influence hillslope hydrology. Detailed observations of variations in stream channel input, based on a tracer experiment, indicate that topography alone cannot explain flow variability. However, determination of changes in channel input on a small spatial scale can provide valuable clues to factors, such as structural geology that control subsurface flows.
CONNECTIVITY IN THE GAME OF GO

We study connectivity of stones on a Go Board, including influence and heuristics-based soft connectivity and pattern- and search-based hard connectivity. Stone connectivity provides a Go program with an understanding of a fundamental aspect of board configurations. It is essential in positional evaluation, candidate move generation, and move selection.
Early Detection of Pleural Fluid

Displacement of a sharp "costophrenic angle," rather than blunting of the "costophrenic angle," is emphasized as one of the earliest signs of pleural fluid. Examples of this sign are illustrated, and its pathophysiology is discussed.
Commentary: Virtual Planning: Second Life and the Online Studio

This article reports on the use of Second Life in three urban planning and design courses. Second Life is one of the latest in a new breed of computer games based on the simultaneous use of virtual three-dimensional space by millions of users throughout the globe. The course instructors found that while the virtual planning studio can introduce real dangers to students and technological limitations exist, Second Life provides a heretofore unprecedented tool for teaching planning.
Analysis of reptilian cortical structure.

THE evolution and organization of the reptilian cortical structures have long been a major problem to comparative neuroanatomists. Three major cortical layers are recognized1. In reptiles, these three regions (Fig. 1A) occupy the roof of the telencephalon and form distinct cellular masses which are named as follows in dorsomedial to dorsolateral succession: hippocampus (archipallium), general cortex (neopallium), and pyriform cortex (palaeopallium). In addition, a sub-pallial mass, the ‘primordial general cortex’2, is of pallial origin3.
Not all nonpalpable breast cancers are alike.

• Clinical and mammographic data of 1009 consecutive patients were correlated with histopathologic data of 1144 biopsy specimens of nonpalpable breast lesions to better define the presentation and biologic behavior of early breast cancer. Patients with malignant neoplasms (269 [24%] of 1144 specimens) were older (mean age, 62.1 years) than patients with benign lesions (mean age, 54.9 years). Furthermore, patients with invasive disease were older (mean age, 63.3 years) than patients with noninvasive disease (mean age, 58.5 years) with an overall increased risk of invasive cancer per year of 1.035. A 58% incidence of invasive cancer was detected for lesions characterized by calcifications, while the incidence of invasive cancer was 84% for isolated mass lesions (relative risk, 4.31 for masses). Isolated mammographic calcifications associated with cancer appeared in a younger population and were significantly associated with noninvasive ductal cancer. Breast cancer presenting as a mammographic mass appeared in an older group and was highly associated with the presence of invasive disease. (Arch Surg.1991;126:967-971)
Electron microscopic observations of renal lesions caused by lithium carbonate: Hypertrophy of endothelial and epithelial cells

Abstract The effects of lithium carbonate on the ultrastructure of the rat kidney were studied. Fifteen male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were given aqueous lithium carbonate by mouth, 74mg/kg/day. These rats were killed on days 5, 10 and 15. Six control rats were given NaCl solution equivalent in volume and tonicity to the lithium dosage. Blood analyses were performed on both experimental and control animals. Test animals with a serum level of 0.5mEq/L showed marked hypertrophy of endothelial and epithelial cells in the glomeruli. The capillary lumens and urinary spaces were almost completely occluded by these enlarged cells. Among the prominent features of these cells were the hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and an increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Similar proliferation of the Golgi apparatus was also observed in the epithelial cells of the proximal, distal and collecting tubules.
Gypsy moth sex attractants: a reinvestigation.

Inconsistencies in the attractiveness of synthetic samples of gyptol and gyplure prompted a reinvestigation of their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Although produced by the female gypsy moth, Porthelria dispar (L.) pure gyptol, d-10-acetoxy- cis -7-hexadecen-1-ol, appears to be sexually inert toward the male moth, as does the synthetic homologue, gyplure. The structure previously assigned to the natural sex pheromone must be considered as incorrect.
IMMIGRANTS FLEEING A DYING INDUSTRY: APPLYING RAPID ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES TO THE STUDY OF TOBACCO FARMWORKERS

Recent assaults on the tobacco industry have led to a decline in tobacco production across North Carolina, the largest tobacco producing state in the nation. Although a great deal of attention has been focused on tobacco farmers, considerably less work has been aimed at determining the effects of these changes on tobacco farmworkers, many of whom are Latinos. In this article, I discuss Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Procedures used to estimate the impact of changes in the tobacco industry on tobacco farmworkers. I find that the tobacco farm labor force is highly complex and that the effects of the economic downturns have had fewer effects on Latino farmworkers than on tobacco farm owners, in part because of the Latinization of the rural South.
Cosmic ray isotope and charge resolution using large area scintillation-cherenkov-total energy telescopes

Abstract The response to multiply charged cosmic rays of two different very large area counter telescopes employing d E d x , total energy and Cherenkov detecting elements has been studied. This work has enable the resolution of such systems to be determined as a function of charge, energy and thickness of detector element and to be compared with theoretical predictions. Simple techniques for reducing fluctuations due to geometrical effects to ⪅the 3% level are discussed. The capabilities of such systems for resolving charges and isotopes are evaluated. It appears that an effective charge resolution of fwhm ≤0.07 Z 1 2 of a charge unit and isotopic resolution, fwhm ⪅0.7 of a mass unit, (Z=6, β=0.7 particles)
Role of PEPT2 in the choroid plexus uptake of glycylsarcosine and 5-aminolevulinic acid: studies in wild-type and null mice.

Purpose. To determine the importance of PEPT2 in the uptake of glycylsarcosine (GlySar) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in mouse choroid plexus whole tissue.
Semi-grand canonical monte carlo (SGMC) simulations to interpret experimental data on processed polymer melts and glasses

We describe the application of the semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo (SGMC) method to analyze and interpret experimental data for nonequilibrium polymer melts and glasses. Experiments that provide i...
Impact of missing value imputation on classification for DNA microarray gene expression data: a model-based study

Many missing-value (MV) imputation methods have been developed for microarray data, but only a few studies have investigated the relationship between MV imputation and classification accuracy. Furthermore, these studies are problematic in fundamental steps such as MV generation and classifier error estimation. In this work, we carry out a model-based study that addresses some of the issues in previous studies. Six popular imputation algorithms, two feature selection methods, and three classification rules are considered. The results suggest that it is beneficial to apply MV imputation when the noise level is high, variance is small, or gene-cluster correlation is strong, under small to moderate MV rates. In these cases, if data quality metrics are available, then it may be helpful to consider the data point with poor quality as missing and apply one of the most robust imputation algorithms to estimate the true signal based on the available high-quality data points. However, at large MV rates, we conclude that imputation methods are not recommended. Regarding the MV rate, our results indicate the presence of a peaking phenomenon: performance of imputation methods actually improves initially as the MV rate increases, but after an optimum point, performance quickly deteriorates with increasing MV rates.
A conceptual model of estuarine freshwater inflow management

As humans continue to influence the quantity, timing, and quality of freshwater input to estuaries, it is becoming increasingly common for policies to be enacted that mandate the establishment of freshwater inflow criteria that will serve to preserve and protect estuarine ecosystems. This paper reviews the scientific literature describing how changes in freshwater inflow affect estuaries, proposes a conceptual model that explores the roles of scientists, citizens, politicians, and managers in the management of freshwater inflow to estuaries, and uses the model to explore the ways in which freshwater inflow is managed in a variety of estuaries. The scientific review is organized to provide an overview of the connections between freshwater inflow (in terms of the quantity, quality, and timing of water delivery), estuarine conditions (such as salinity and concentrations of dissolved and particulate material), and estuarine resources (such as the distribution and abundance of organisms), and to highlight our understanding of the causative mechanisms that underlie the relationships among these variables. The premise of the conceptual model is that the goal of estuarine freshwater inflow policy is to protect those resources and functions that we as a society value in estuaries, and that management measures use scientific information about the relationships among inflow, conditions, and resources to establish inflow standards that can meet this goal. The management approach can be inflow-based (flow is kept within some prescribed bounds under the assumption that taking too much away is bad for the resources), condition-based (inflow standards are set in order to maintain specified conditions in the estuary), or resource-based (inflow standards are set based on the requirements of specific resources), but each of these is carried out by regulating inflow. This model is used as a framework to describe the development of freshwater inflow criteria for estuaries in Texas, Florida, and California.
Epidemiologic Patterns of Smoking and Periodontal Disease in the United States

The adverse effect of smoking on periodontal health has been demonstrated in the analysis of the dental and smoking history data collected from a representative sample of the US population. The association between poorer levels of periodontal health and smoking remained even after accounting for age, sex, race, oral hygiene, socioeconomic status, and frequency of daily toothbrushing variables. When the analysis was restricted to smokers only, no clear-cut association was demonstrated between periodontal disease and the duration of smoking or the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The results of this study suggest that dental practitioners should try to discourage their patients from smoking for reasons of periodontal health as well as general preventive care.
Electrophysiological studies on EMD 23 448, an indolyl-3-butylamine, in the rat: A putative selective dop amine autoreceptor agonist

Single unit electrophysiological and microiontophoretic techniques were used to study the effects of a putative selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist, EMD 23 448, an indolyl-3-butylamine on the activity of both dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine-sensitive neurons in the caudate nucleus. Intravenous administration of EMD 23 448 inhibited the firing of dopamine neurons in the nigra in a dose-dependent manner. This effect could be readily reversed by the subsequent intravenous administration of the dopamine receptor antagonist, haloperidol. Microiontophoretic application of EMD 23 448 onto these neurons also inhibited their activity and this effect was blocked by iontophoresis of the dopamine receptor antagonist, trifluoperazine. Intravenous administration of the former compound increased the activity of dopamine-sensitive cells in the caudate in the same doses which inhibited dopamine neurons in the nigra. However, this effect appeared to be indirect since the iontophoretic application of EMD 23 448 directly onto caudate neurons had no effect on their firing rate. In addition, the activity of norepinephrine-containing neurons in the locus coruleus and serotonin-containing cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus was not changed by direct microiontophoretic application of this compound. In contrast, EMD 23 448 selectively blocked the acetylcholine-induced activation of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. These findings provide further evidence that with respect to central catecholamine neurons EMD 23 448 may be a selective agonist for dopamine autoreceptors.
Nocturnal acid breakthrough and H2RAs—another viewpoint

The concept of nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB), defined as intragastric pH <4 for 1 hour overnight on PPI therapy, has gained much attention. Controversy exists over the ability of bedtime H2RAs to block NAB. No prospective study conducted to evaluate the effect of long term H2RA use on NAB.
Oriented Schwann cell monolayers for directed neurite outgrowth.

Schwann cells are an important component of the peripheral nervous system and participate in peripheral nerve regeneration. They create a supportive environment for neurite outgrowth by releasing trophic factors and up-regulating permissive molecules on their surface. In addition, Schwann cells are able to self-organize into linear arrays in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a possible role in neurite guidance. Previously, we showed that Schwann cell placement and orientation in subconfluent cultures can be controlled using microlithographically patterned laminin substrates (Thompson, D. M., and H. M. Buettner. Tissue Eng. 7(3):247–266, 2001). In the current study, these substrates were used to create oriented Schwann cell monolayers. Both Schwann cell orientation and coverage were quantified in response to seeding density, culture medium, and micropattern dimensions. In serum-free medium, increasing the seeding density yielded a linear increase in coverage of the substrate area but decreased cell alignment. In an alternate approach, Schwann cells were first seeded in serum-free medium at moderate seeding density, allowed to align, then expanded in serum-containing growth medium. This produced complete coverage without large seeding densities while preserving alignment to the micropattern. Alignment and coverage were unaffected by micropattern dimensions. This work provides a useful methodology for investigating Schwann cell guidance effects on growing neurites.
Patterns of engagement and disengagement among the oldest old

Abstract In this article, we have proposed that some elements of Cumming and Henry's [ 1961 ] disengagement theory are relevant in understanding the social world of the very old. The findings indicate that both physical and social losses make it difficult to maintain an active social network. Almost one-half of the sample intentionally remains socially engaged by making new friends and attending senior centers. The remainder, who are generally older and in poorer health, modify their social world both psychologically and socially. First, these individuals redefine their optimal level of social integration and become content with a narrower, more constricted social world. Second, they are likely to reject those norms which place expectations on them incongruent with their capacities. Third, respondents tend to redefine their time orientation from the future to the present and become content to live day to day. Fourth, as they detach themselves from social involvement, increasing introspection occurs.
Observations on the transient nature of shape-tilting bodies sedimenting in polymeric liquids

Abstract The terminal orientation of cylinders with flat ends, sedimenting in polymer solutions are seen to occur with their edges aligned with the direction of fall. This is referred to as shape-tilting in the literature. We show that for cylinders with aspect ratios L / d ≠ 1 , the shape-tilting phenomenon is in fact a transient phenomenon by extending our observation times to up to several hours when compared to a few minutes of observation time in previous experiments. Additionally, our experimental observations are confirmed by use of a simple analytical argument which invokes the symmetries of a Stokes flow and of the sedimenting body.
Computer analysis of multi-channel SEM and X-ray images from fine particles

Abstract : Techniques involving the computer processing of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images using a binary coded map approach have been developed. For each picture from one to six different SEM signals are converted from analog to digital form and recorded on magnetic tape for subsequent computer analysis. The analysis of fine grained A1203 particles and multiphase particulate mixtures are carried through from the sample preparation, the actual examination under the SEM, the digital recording of the image and finally the computer processing of the images. The computer program and the results are viewed step by step - with an explanation of the possibilities. A listing of the entire computer program is given in the Appendix. (Author)
Regime of very high confinement in the boronized DIII-D tokamak.

Following boronization, tokamak discharges in DIII-D have been obtained with confinement times up to a factor of 3.5 above the ITER89-P L-mode scaling and 1.8 times greater than the DIII-D/JET H-mode scaling relation. Very high confinement phases are characterized by relatively high central density with ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{e}}$(0)\ensuremath{\approxeq}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, and central ion temperatures up to 13.6 keV at moderate plasma currents (1.6 MA) and heating powers (12.5--15.3 MW). These discharges exhibit a low fraction of radiated power, P\ensuremath{\le}25%, ${\mathit{Z}}_{\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{f}}$(0) close to unity, and lower impurity influxes than comparable DIII-D discharges before boronization.
Molecular detection of new mutations, resolution of ambiguous results and complex genetic counseling issues in Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a variable length (CAG) n repeat in the 5' coding region of a novel gene on chromosome 4p16.3. We provide comprehensive molecular analysis of a sporadic case of HD in which a paternally derived normal length allele expanded to an affected length allele. Linkage analysis and paternity testing confirm the paternal origin of the expansion and demonstrate that unequal crossing over during meiosis is an unlikely mechanism for de novo expansion in HD. This case identifies a complex genetic counseling issue for the families of sporadic cases since calculations of recurrence risk are not possible at this time. In addition, we describe utilization of a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays for examination of both the CAG repeat and an adjacent variable length CCG repeat in the huntingtin gene. The combination of these assays can increase the accuracy of molecular diagnosis for HD and may clarify any ambiguous results obtained during molecular testing of HD families.
A phylogenetic analysis of micro‐organisms isolated from subsurface environments

Three methods were used to provide information on the identity and phylogenetic relatedness of 19 aerobic, chemoheterotrophic bacteria isolated from topsoil and deep subsurface sediments at a site in South Carolina. These methods were (i) analysis of selected physiological traits, (ii) restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of genomic DNA, and (iii) analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. When the 16S rRNA sequences were compared with those for 12 standard strains, two topsoil isolates and six subsurface strains formed a tight group with the high-G+C Gram-positive bacteria and appeared to be most closely related to Arthrobacter globiformis— a coryneform-actinomycete bacterium with unusually effective survival capabilities. The rest of the subsurface isolates were scattered among the standard strains from the Proteobacteria— including the pseudomonads and Agrobacterium tumefaciens— or the low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria.
Population genetics and biogeography of vestimentiferan tube worms

Abstract Molecular markers were used to assess the geographical ranges and estimate rates of gene flow in several species of vestimentiferan tube worm from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Small specimens ( 1.0) to counteract significant genetic drift in each species, and dispersal appeared to occur in a predominantly stepping-stone fashion. In addition, DNA sequence information from a 637 bp region of the mitochondrial COI gene was used to examine genetic diversity and geographical continuity in new Ridgeia piscesae specimens from the northeastern Pacific. The range of this species is now known to include sites ranging between 41°N on the Gorda Ridge and 49°N on the Southern Explorer Ridge. Sequence divergence throughout this range did not exceed 0.8%, which is consistent with intraspecific levels of sequence variation in other vent and seep species. Finally, the global distribution of vestimentiferan tube worms is reviewed.
Lysine Adsorption on Cation Exchange Resin. IV. Temperature Effects on Equilibrium and Kinetics in Batch and Column Systems

Abstract Ion exchange equilibria and kinetics are determined for lysine adsorption on the strong acid cation exchanger DIAION SK‐1B at temperatures of 25, 40, and 60°C. The ion exchange equilibrium is found to be independent of temperature. Conversely, the kinetics of ion exchange increases dramatically as the temperature is increased. Average ion exchange selectivity coefficients of 6.0 g/cm3 and 0.52 are obtained for the ion exchange of divalent and monovalent cationic lysine with hydrogen ion, respectively. Resin phase diffusivities are determined by fitting batch binary ion‐exchange data with a mass transfer model based on the Nernst‐Planck equations. As the temperature is increased from 25 to 60°C, the resin phase diffusivity increases from 0.04×10−6 to 0.14×10−6 cm2/s for divalent lysine and from 0.16×10−6 to 0.55×10−6 cm2/s for monovalent lysine. The combination of temperature‐independent ion exchange equilibria and faster mass transfer at higher temperatures results in higher dynamic binding capac...
High Throughput Electrohydrodynamic-Jet Printing System

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a multi-nozzle printhead for simultaneous Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing for high resolution devices. The E-jet process combines high resolution printing with a large variety of printing materials, making E-jet suitable for applications ranging from flexible electronics to high resolution biosensors. Throughput improvement is critical to fully realize the potential of this emerging manufacturing process. This paper addresses this need by introducing a high resolution multi-nozzle printhead. In this work, an initial characterization of the electrostatic interference introduced in the multi-nozzle design is performed and a significant decrease in printing time is demonstrated. This research shows that a 2 micron nozzle can be placed within 80 microns of another nozzle without eliciting an electrostatic interference during printing. Additionally, the use of a 3 nozzle printhead resulted in a corresponding 3 times reduction in printing time for a single device without loss of part fidelity. This work demonstrates that arrays of E-jet printheads have the potential to radically improve the throughput of the process, which will lead to new applications and improved performance for this promising technology.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Cash‐flows, earnings, and time‐varying expected stock returns

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to empirically evaluate alternative multifactor explanations of cash‐flows and earnings momentum portfolios. It aims to examine whether the common risk factors, which are related to firm level accounting characteristics, can reflect the behavior of average portfolio returns based on such measures as cash‐flows and earnings momentum in the presence of each other's systematic components and time‐varying measures of volatility.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses monthly stock returns for all NYSE firms on CRSP database and constructs average portfolio returns between July 1951 and June 2008. It investigates the interdependence of stock returns for cash‐flows and earnings momentum portfolios using their systematic components. The methodology is implemented by extending various characteristic‐based factor models of returns.Findings – The main finding of the study suggests that there is strong information transmission – both in the temporal variation and risk se...
A Novel Artificial Neural Networks Force Model for End Milling

The physical process of multipoint metal cutting depends on a large number of parameters that are strongly interlinked. A number of empirical and semimechanistic models are described in the literature. This paper uses the artificial neural networks (ANNs) approach to evolve a comprehensive model for critical process parameters, such as cutting force, based on a set of input machining conditions. A set of eight input variables is chosen to represent the machining conditions, and process parameters (such as maximum force and mean force) are predicted. Exhaustive experimentation is conducted to develop the model and to validate it. The model is tested for a typical machining scenario found in industry, namely pocket-milling. Excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental forces is found.
Evaporation of water from a partially filled, cylindrical container to a forced convection air flow

Abstract Experiments were performed to investigate the evaporation of liquid water from a partially filled, open-topped cylindrical container situated in the lower wall of a flat, rectangular duct. During the course of the experiments, parametric variations were made of the air flow in the duct (giving rise to a seven-fold variation of the Reynolds number, Re ) and of the distance H between the evaporating surface and the top of the container (ranging from 0.1 to 3 container diameters, D). Supplementary experiments were conducted with toluene as the evaporating liquid. It was found that the evaporation rate did not decrease monotonically with increasing H. Rather, a local maximum in the evaporation rate occurred at H D ~ 0.5 for all of the Reynolds numbers investigated. The enhancement of the evaporative mass transfer due to the presence of the maximum ranged from 15 to 35%, depending on the Reynolds number. At all Reynolds numbers except the lowest, vigorous sloshing of the liquid surface occurred at the same H D at which the evaporation rate displayed a maximum. However, the sloshing is not a prerequisite for the evaporation maximum because such a maximum still occurred when there was no sloshing (i.e. at the lowest Reynolds number). The toluene experiments also indicated the presence of a local maximum in the distribution of the evaporation rate.
Consecutive neutral losses of H2O and C2H4O from N-Terminal Thr–Thr and Thr–Ser in collision-induced dissociation of protonated peptides: Position dependent water loss from single Thr or Ser

Abstract A two-step neutral loss from tryptic peptides containing Thr–Thr or Thr-Ser at their N-terminus is studied. This process also requires a ‘mobile proton’ (i.e., the number of charges on the peptide is greater than the number of basic amino acids) and leads to a net neutral loss of 62 Da. To elucidate this fragmentation a series of synthetic peptides containing threonine and serine were synthesized and their MS/MS spectra measured in ion trap and triple quadrupole instruments. Peptides composed of TTLnK (n = 2–8) all show a significant loss of 62 Da when doubly protonated, but little such loss when singly protonated. Examination of the MS/MS spectra at different collision energies in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer reveal that this loss takes place in two distinct steps: an initial water loss, followed by a loss of a 44 Da moiety at higher collision energies (20–30% higher). Corresponding losses in b/a ions show losses near the N-terminus and higher accuracy mass measurements indicate the loss to be C2H4O rather than CO2. Further measurements show that doubly protonated TSLnK peptides undergo similar processes but STLnK and SSLnK do not. Therefore, it is proposed that the 44 Da loss is a loss of C2H4O from the N-terminal threonine. Additional measurements on the loss of water from protonated peptides containing only one threonine or serine show a strong and unexpected dependence of the extent of water loss on the position of T or S within the peptide sequence. The most pronounced water loss is found in doubly protonated tryptic peptides containing T or S at the second or third position from the N-terminus, i.e., adjacent to the peptide bond that is most likely to cleave. It is, therefore, proposed that the initial loss of H2O in the 62 Da loss process begins at the penultimate N-terminal threonine or serine. The origin of this positional sensitivity is not clear, though may be connected with the well-known relatively facile b2 production in tryptic peptides.
High performance and scalable I/O virtualization via self-virtualized devices

While industry is making rapid advances in system virtualization, for server consolidation and for improving system maintenance and management, it has not yet become clear how virtualization can contribute to the performance of high end systems. In this context, this paper addresses a key issue in system virtualization - how to efficiently virtualize I/O subsystems and peripheral devices. We have developed a novel approach to I/O virtualization, termed self-virtualized devices, which improves I/O performance by off loading select virtualization functionality onto the device. This permits guest virtual machines to more efficiently (i.e., with less overhead and reduced latency) interact with the virtualized device. The concrete instance of such a device developed and evaluated in this paper is a self-virtualized network interface (SV-NIC), targeting the high end NICs used in thehigh performance domain. The SV-NIC (1) provides virtual interfaces (VIFs) to guest virtual machines for an underlying physical device, the network interface, (2) manages the wayin which the device's physical resources are used by guest operating systems, and (3) provides high performance, low overhead network access to guest domains. Experimental results are attained in a prototyping environment using an IXP 2400-based ethernet board as a programmable network device. The SV-NIC scales to large numbers of VIFs and guests, and offers VIFs with 77% higher throughput and 53% less latency compared to the current standard virtualized device implementations on hyper visor-based platforms.
The Gas Turbine Waste Heat Recovery System and the U.S. Navy

This paper will discuss the current status of the gas turbine waste heat recovery systems in the U.S. Navy. This will include discussions of the auxiliary systems currently operational on the SPRUANCE Class Destroyers as well as the combined-cycle cruise propulsion systems currently planned for development initiation in FY’78. The major emphasis of the discussion will be to detail the rationale and to identify the basis upon which the U.S. Navy arrived at a decision to develop combined cycle systems to be available for non-nuclear combatant ship cruise propulsion for the mid 1980’s. The design concepts considered feasible for these applications will be discussed as well as an overview of the development program to completion.Copyright © 1978 by ASME
Contemporary Approaches to the Supervision of Psychotherapy

ABSTRACT The last two decades in the history of psychotherapy supervision are briefly described, placing the contributions in historical context. The issues raised by the authors are discussed, followed by an agenda for the development of psychotherapy supervision. The first agenda item concerns the preeminence of the root metaphor of the relationship in developing a theory of psychotherapy supervision. Then the need for empiricll foundations is discussed in terms of measuring supervisee and supervisor performance, determining the nature of the supervisory process, and assessing whether the patient is better served by the psychotherapist who has been supervised. Finally, the advantages and problems with the certification of psychotherapy supervisors are considered.
Biological effects of electromagnetic fields

Life on earth has evolved in a sea of natural electromagnetic (EM) fields. Over the past century, this natural environment has sharply changed with introduction of a vast and growing spectrum of man-made EM fields. From models based on equilibrium thermodynamics and thermal effects, these fields were initially considered too weak to interact with biomolecular systems, and thus incapable of influencing physiological functions. Laboratory studies have tested a spectrum of EM fields for bioeffects at cell and molecular levels, focusing on exposures at athermal levels. A clear emergent conclusion is that many observed interactions are not based on tissue heating. Modulation of cell surface chemical events by weak EM fields indicates a major amplification of initial weak triggers associated with binding of hormones, antibodies, and neurotransmitters to their specific binding sites. Calcium ions play a key role in this amplification. These studies support new concepts of communication between cells across the barriers of cell membranes; and point with increasing certainty to an essential physical organization in living matter, at a far finer level than the structural and functional image defined in the chemistry of molecules. New collaborations between physical and biological scientists define common goals, seeking solutions to the physical nature of matter through a strong focus on biological matter. The evidence indicates mediation by highly nonlinear, nonequilibrium processes at critical steps in signal coupling across cell membranes. There is increasing evidence that these events relate to quantum states and resonant responses in biomolecular systems, and not to equilibrium thermodynamics associated with thermal energy exchanges and tissue heating.
In vivo agonist properties of 7‐hydroxy‐N,N‐di‐n‐propyl‐2‐aminotetralin, a dopamine D3‐selective receptor ligand

The selective dopamine D3 receptor ligand 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) produced stereotypical sniffing and climbing, increased locomotor activity, and caused 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals to rotate in a contralateral direction, behavioral effects highly predictive of dopamine agonist activity. In contrast, 7-OH-DPAT was inactive in the conditioned avoidance response, catalepsy, and anti-apomorphine test, animal models highly predictive of dopamine antagonist activity. These results indicate that 7-OH-DPAT is an agonist at dopamine receptors in vivo. © 1993 wiley-Liss, Inc.
Why is there a molecular relativistic effect

A l'aide de fonctions SCF et MC-SCF, etude de l'association presque exclusive entre la variation des corrections relativistes avec la geometrie moleculaire et la contribution des orbitales de valence aux termes de Darwin et masse-vitesse
Stereotypy, flexibility and coordination: key concepts in behavioral functional morphology.

SUMMARY Animal movement and its muscular control are central topics in functional morphology. As experimentalists we often manipulate stimuli in a controlled setting or compare species to observe the degree of variation in movement and motor control of particular behaviors. Understanding and communicating the biological significance of these sources of variability requires a universal terminology that is presently lacking in the functional morphology literature. We suggest that `stereotypy9 be used to refer to the degree of variability observed in a behavior across trials under a given set of conditions. The ability of an organism to alter its behavior across experimental treatments is referred to as `flexibility9. We discuss how there has been a tendency to confound the phenomenon of a behavior exhibiting low variability, which we refer to as stereotyped, with inflexibility, or the inability to alter the behavior in response to a change in stimulus. The degree of stereotypy and flexibility in a behavior need not be correlated, nor need they have a common underlying basis. Coordination, a term used to describe the relationship between different body parts during movement, can be stereotyped and can show flexibility. Stereotypy of coordination can be assessed by the strength of correlations between movements of two body parts. The influence of coordination coherence on behavioral performance has rarely been considered, and could shed light on how taxa differ in their ability to perform behaviors. We suggest definitions of the terms stereotypy, flexibility and coordination, and provide examples of how and when these terms could be used when discussing behavioral changes in functional morphology.
Arginine Methylation of the RGG Box Does Not Appear To Regulate ICP27 Import during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Arginine methylation can regulate protein import and export and can modulate protein interactions. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ICP27 is a shuttling protein involved in viral mRNA export. We previously reported that ICP27 is methylated on three arginines within its RGG box and that arginine methylation regulates ICP27 export and its interaction with SRPK1 and Aly/REF. Here, we report that ICP27 was efficiently imported into the nucleus when hypomethylated as determined by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation of ICP27 with β-importin was not significantly affected by ICP27 hypomethylation. Thus, ICP27 import does not appear to be regulated by arginine methylation.
Hand motion patterns of Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery certified and noncertified surgeons.

Abstract Background With the increasing use of simulation in surgical training there is an increasing need for low cost methods of objective assessment. Methods Hand-motion data (3 degrees of freedom) were acquired using microelectromechanical gyroscope tracking devices worn on both hands during an intracorporeal suture/knot-tying laparoscopic task performed by FLS-certified and non-FLS-certified surgeons. Each data sample was processed into a symbolic time series, and the Lempel-Ziv complexity metric was calculated for each hand for the whole task and the first 60 seconds of the task from the dominant hand. Results FLS-certified surgeons had more complex hand-motion patterns. This was statistically significant only for the dominant hand ( P = .02) but was still statistically significant when calculated from the first 60 seconds of the task ( P = .04) and therefore independent of the total time taken to complete the task. Conclusions Hand-motion patterns were quantified and shown to be different between FLS-certified and non-FLS-certified surgeons using low-cost microelectromechanical technology and the Lempel-Ziv complexity metric.
Behavioral effects of morphine and methadone in rhesus monkeys

Two rhesus monkeys, working on fixed-ratio schedules for appetitive reinforcement, were given injections of morphine sulfate and methadone hydrochloride. Morphine was the more potent in decreasing operant responding. Responding was restored sooner following methadone injections than following morphine injections. Response-decreasing potency does not correspond to analgesic potency.
Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

The current review critically examines the extant empirical literature focused on the associations among cigarette smoking, trauma, and post-traumatic stress. Inspection of the extant literature suggests that smoking rates are significantly higher among persons exposed to a traumatic event relative to those without such exposure. Moreover, smoking rates appear particularly high among persons with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In terms of the direction of this relation, evidence most clearly suggests that post-traumatic stress is involved in the development of smoking. Significantly less is known about the role of trauma and PTSD in terms of cessation outcome. Limitations of extant work, clinical implications, and key directions for future study are delineated.
Subdivisions and Depositional Environments Of New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in Indiana

The New Albany Shale in Indiana is dominantly brownish-black, carbon-rich, quartzose, dolomitic, pyritic shale that was deposited during late Middle Devonian, Late Devonian, and Early Mississippian times. Greenish-gray carbon-poor shale, dolomite, and sandstone also are present and permit stratigraphic subdivision of the formation. In descending order, the Clegg Creek Member, Camp Run Member, Morgan Trail Member, Selmier Member, and Blocher Member are named and described in this report in the southern Indiana outcrop area. The lower two members are widely traceable in the subsurface, but the upper three members are not differentiated in the subsurface. The Antrim Shale, Ellsworth Shale, and Sunbury Shale, together equivalent to the New Albany, are recognized in the Michig n basin part of northern Indiana. The Ellsworth Shale can be traced into the northern part of the Illinois basin in Indiana, where it is recognized as a member of the New Albany Shale. The New Albany Shale was deposited in a widespread inland sea. The sea was characterized by quiet water that probably was deep in places. The organic matter was derived from a floating mat of algae and accumulated under reducing bottom conditions that were inimical to benthonic faunas. Breaks in the algal mat or its periodic disruption allowed carbon-poor greenish-gray shale, with benthonic faunas, to be deposited. The algae also may have induced the formation of dolomite by changing the hydrogen-ion concentration of the water.
Effects of surface roughness in inversion layer transport

The effective mobility of electrons in the inverted Si(100) surface has been measured by a variety of authors over a range of temperatures, gate voltages, back-bias, and doping levels. Generally, it is found that these data are such that the mobility can be unified if plotted against the effective surface normal field Eeff - (QB + Q /2)/esi. It has generally been assumed that sbrface-roughnes s scattering plays a significant role in determining the inversion layer mobility. This latter scattering mechanism depends upon parameters A and L, which have been measured from HRTEM images of the Si/Si02 interface as A = 0.23 nm and L - 1.8 nm. These may then be used to determine the surface-roughness contribution to the mobility. Generally, it is found that this scattering is too weak, and has-500 strong a dependence upon Eeff (varying as Eeff) to impact the inversion layer mobility at room temperature. Instead, we find that the mobility is dominated by the projection of the 3D bulk phonon limited mobility into the surface inversion layer. A simple average technique is proposed which g,i,vfs a power law dependenc8 upon Ee [ p = (Ec/Eef f) I.I with Ec = 2.48 x 10 V/cm] sg that agrees well wi% the measured data.