cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Important is Marital Fairness Over the Lifespan

Do marital relationships become more equitable over time? Is a sense of fairness or equity in marriage equally important at different points across the lifespan? To answer these and related equity/intimacy questions, a sample of middle-aged and older married women was asked to describe the level of equity in their marriages at eight points across their lifespan and their feelings about the equity/inequity at each point. The aggregated results suggested women begin a marriage with a sense of overbenefit, move into a period of underbenefit during their middle years, and finally feel fairly treated in late middle age. The disaggregated data revealed three distinct patterns of equity/inequity over the lifespan. Women's reactions to the level of equity at each stage followed the predicted curvilinear pattern.
Maternal race and neonatal outcomes after elective repeat cesarean delivery

AbstractObjective: To determine the effect of race in the risks of prematurity-related complications (PRC) after elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD).Methods: The NCHS-CDC Database for the U.S. (2004–2008) was used. ERCD cases were included. Exclusion criteria were multiple gestation, trial of labor, fetal anomalies, history of diabetes and/or hypertension. PRC analyzed were: Apgar score, assisted ventilation, intensive care admission, surfactant use, antibiotic use, seizures. Regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of these variables. Deliveries at 36–40 weeks were studied with 40 weeks as reference.Results: Totally, 785 340 ERCDs were performed between 36 and 40 weeks. For the overall population, there was not difference in adverse outcomes between 39 and 40 weeks. The rates of PRC were significantly higher in newborns at 38 compared to 39 weeks, with similar findings in sub-analysis of whites. For African-Americans, the rate of PRC was not significantly different at 38 co...
Update on Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy: Outcomes and Costs

The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate literature published over the past three years regarding outcomes and costs of robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSC) versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC). A total of eight studies were selected that directly compared these techniques: two randomized controlled trials, one prospective trial, and five retrospective trials, with follow-ups ranging from three months to three years. RSC and LSC resulted in similar objective and subjective success rates, quality of life outcomes and overall perioperative complication rates. RSC required similar or longer operative times, caused similar or less blood loss and resulted in more short-term postoperative pain. RSC was also associated with higher costs compared to LSC, but this difference was minimal when excluding the robot purchase cost from calculations. Although complication rates were not significantly different in a majority of the studies, the largest retrospective study demonstrated that RSC resulted in a significant increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism and of a conversion to an open procedure. The ultimate choice of route and method of sacrocolpopexy should be individualized, taking into account the surgeon’s experience and the patient's history and characteristics. In conclusion, RSC is an acceptable alternative to LSC for the management of apical vaginal prolapse, but longer follow-up is needed with studies specifically powered to detect differences in costs and outcomes.
The Guise of the Objectively Good

Author Posting of a preprint © Springer, 2013. This article is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The article was published in The Journal of Value Inquiry, Volume 47, Issue 1-2, June 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-013-9372-2
God, Time and the Kalām Cosmological Argument

The Kalām cosmological argument deploys the following causal principle: whatever begins to exist has a cause. Yet, under what conditions does something ‘begin to exist’? What does it mean to say that ‘X begins to exist at t’? William Lane Craig has offered and defended various accounts that seek to establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for when something ‘begins to exist.’ I argue that all of the accounts that William Lane Craig has offered fail on the following grounds: either they entail that God has a cause or they render the Kalām argument unsound. Part of the problem is due to Craig’s view of God’s relationship to time: that God exists timelessly without creation and temporarily with creation. The conclusion is that Craig must abandon either the Kalām argument or his view of God’s relationship to time; he cannot consistently hold both.
Categorically perfect rings

An essential monoreflection is constructed on the category Sp of semiprirne commutative rings with identity, which is not a ring-of-quotients functor
A comparative study of perceptions and understanding of multiculturalism

In designing diversity training programs, experts have not always paid attention to the recipients of such training. Do different groups require different methods for presenting and/or implementing multicultural training? Our research studies the issue of multiculturalism from the perspective of the recipients and compares reactions to multiculturalism in two geographic regions of the continental United States. Students at two universities were interviewed, one in the southwest and the other in the northern plains. After qualitative/interpretive analysis was performed, four issues emerged from these data: (a) meanings of cultural diversity, (b) evidence of cultural diversity on campus, (c) institutional responses to cultural diversity, and (d) suggested institutional action. Differences in reactions to multicultural issues were found in the two geographic regions as respondents defined diversity issues solely on the basis of their particular region.
The nonexistence of “hermaphroditic” tracer systems†

This communication argues that so-called “hermaphroditic” tracer systems, which are neither open nor closed, do not exist physically. The argument is based on the assumption that any observable (possibly nonhomogeneous) macroscopic compartment can be approximated by a compartment C with a finite number of entry points for the tracer, each associated with an abstract subcompartment of C . It is shown that the “hermaphroditic” property requires that the mean waiting time be infinite in at least one of the subcompartments, or in a subcompartment elsewhere in the system. A subcompartment with infinite mean waiting time must have some sort of memory, of infinite duration, which knows how long a given particle has been retained, however long that is, and thereby determines its probability of departure. Assuming, as seems likely, that no physical basis exists for such an infinite memory, it follows that “hermaphroditic” systems do not exist.
Extreme Vertices Design of Mixture Experiments

The extreme vertices design is developed as a procedure for conducting experiments with mixtures when several factors have constraints placed on them. The constraints so imposed reduce the size of the factor space which would result had the factor levels been restricted to only 0 to 100 per cent. The selection of the vertices and the various centroids of the resulting hyper-polyhedron as the design is a method of determining a unique set of treatment combinations. This selection is motivated by the desire to explore the extremes as well as the center of the factor space. A non-linear programming procedure is used in determining the optimum treatment combination.
Experimental evaluation on concentrating cooling tower blowdown water by direct contact membrane distillation

Abstract Concentration of simulated cooling tower blowdown water (CTBD) by the desalination process of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been evaluated. A bench-scale DCMD setup was used to test the desalination performance. Both silica-free and silica-containing simulated CTBD water were prepared and concentrated. The concentration process using DCMD produced a permeate flux of about 30 L/m 2 · h and a salt rejection of more than 99.95% under feed side temperature of about 60 °C. Membrane scaling was examined for the simulated feeds. It was exhibited that insoluble calcium carbonate scale formed on membrane under concentration factor of about 3.7–4.0 for silica-free simulated CTBD water. Silica, calcium carbonate and sulfate scaling precipitated together under concentration factor of about 3.2–5.0 for silica-containing simulated CTBD water. The scales resulted in the drop of both permeate flux and salt rejection, while the performance was recovered after membrane cleaning. The addition of antiscalant enhanced the concentration factor to about 8.0 and the corresponding water recovery to about 87%. The experimental results indicated that MD is a potential feasible technology for the water recovery of CTBD water.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of single conjugated polymer nanoparticles.

We demonstrate a novel and powerful method to study electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of single nanoparticles (NPs) (r = 25 ± 15 nm) of a conjugated polymer, F8BT, on an ITO electrode in the presence of a co-reactant, such as tri-n-propylamine (TPrAH) in acetonitrile solution. The results reveal that the maximum formation rate of ECL of individual NPs is achieved after a long “build-up” time (10−40 s after pulse application). The high number of detected ECL photons from individual NPs (1500 photons during 100 s) highlights the potential of this technique as a very sensitive analytical method. Additionally, TPrAH acts as a very efficient protecting agent against irreversible electrochemical processes occurring in F8BT, as found in photoluminescence studies. This protection mechanism probably involves the neutralization of holes at the particle surface via electron transfer by both TPrAH and TPrA radical (TPrA•).
Synchronization and scale in geomorphic systems

Abstract Geomorphic systems consist of coupled subsystems with traits of small-world networks (SWN), characterized by tightly connected clusters of components, with fewer connections between the clusters. Geomorphic systems based on scale hierarchies often exhibit a connected caveman small-world network (CCSWN) structure. SWNs are efficient for linking a large number of components with a relatively small number of links; but effects of CCSWN structure on synchronization and scale linkage have not been examined. Synchronization is analyzed via graph theory and applied to: (1) relationships among three levels of form–process interaction in stream channels; (2) hierarchical relationships of weathering systems at scales from weathering profiles to landscapes; and (3) interactions in fluviokarst systems at the scale of flow processes and of landscape evolution. Relationships among system components are represented as simple unweighted graphs. The largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix (spectral radius) reflects the critical coupling strength required to synchronize the system. The second-smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the adjacency matrix (algebraic connectivity) is a measure of the synchronizability. In all examples both are much less than the maximum for networks of the same number of nodes. The sparseness of the networks is the major contributor to the low synchronization, but the specific pattern of connections (“wiring”) is also significant. Where CCSWN structures arise naturally, they help explain how geomorphic effects are transmitted between disparate scales in the absence of obvious scale linkage. Where CCSWNs are an option for representation of geomorphic systems in models and data structures, they will not improve scale linkage, despite the efficiency of SWNs in other respects. Methods developed here can be applied to evaluating alternative spatial data structures or mapping strategies which either increase synchronization, supporting a lumping or aggregation approach, or decrease synchronization, indicating disaggregation or splitting into scale hierarchies.
Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Sexual Behaviors in Bisexual African-American and Hispanic Men Visiting a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in New York City

A cross-sectional human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) serosurvey was conducted between January 1988 and January 1993 at a New York City sexually transmitted disease clinic serving predominantly African-American and Hispanic patients. Overall, 14% (415/3,069) of participating men reported having sex with men; among these, only 52 (13%) were classified as "homosexual" (having had sex with men exclusively since 1978). Most men (87%) who reported having sex with other men also reported having sex with women. These included 147 (35%) "bisexuals" (sex with more than one man and at least one woman since 1978) and 216 (52%) "heterosexuals" (sex with women since 1978 and sexual contact with men before 1978 or only once thereafter). Although HIV-1 seroprevalence was highest among "homosexual" men (70%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 55-81), it was also high among "bisexual" men (35%, 95% CI 27-43) and "heterosexual" men (17%, 95% CI 13-23), and was lowest in men who reported having no male sex partners in their lifetime (9%, 95% CI 7-10). It is possible that transmission of HIV-1 from bisexual men to female sexual partners plays a greater role in heterosexual transmission than was previously recognized.
Imaging of Turbidite Outcrop Analogs Using Ground Penetrating Radar

High-resolution outcrop stratigraphic analysis is becoming increasingly utilized to build detailed, quantitative reservoir architectural models. With suitably long outcrops, preferably in three dimensions, this analysis can provide the best method of developing reservoir models which include hard data on continuity and connectivity of different bed types. The addition of geophysical logs and cores taken immediately behind outcrop faces provides a valuable means for geological correlation in the plane of the outcrop.
Changes in body composition associated with smoltification and premature transfer to seawater in Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and King salmon (O. tschawytscha)

Serum protein, glucose and fat levels were determined for Coho salmon parrs, freshwater smolts, seawater smolts, seawater stunts and freshwater desmolts. Liver and muscle glycogen, fat, protein and water concentrations were also calculated. Serum protein, glucose and fat levels were significantly lower in the freshwater smolts than in the parrs. Furthermore, both liver and muscle total fat levels were markedly decreased in the smolts, suggesting that smoltification is associated with increased catabolism. Smolts that failed to reach seawater by late summer reverted to a parr-like appearance and also regained the biochemical characteristics of parrs (high body fat and glycogen). Premature transfer of Coho presmolts into seawater caused impaired growth (stunting). Stunted Coho had higher muscle protein levels than normal smolts and parrs. Tissue water levels were not significantly different between stunts and normal seawater smolts, suggesting that the stunting phenomenon may not be caused primarily by osmoregulatory failure but may be due to shifts in metabolic patterns. In contrast to the pronounced changes seen in Coho salmon, transfer of King salmon to sea water did not result in increased catabolism of body reserves or in the production of stunts.
Sperm precedence and sperm storage in multiply mated red flour beetles

In insects, the last male to mate with a female often gains access to a disproportionate number of subsequent fertilizations. This study examined last-male sperm precedence patterns in doubly and triply mated Tribolium castaneum females. Sperm storage processes were investigated by measuring the quantity of sperm stored within the female spermatheca following single, double, and triple matings. Both doubly mated and triply mated females exhibited high last-male sperm precedence for progeny produced during the first 48 h following the last mating, with females in both groups exhibiting parallel declines in sperm precedence 1 and 2 weeks later. The number of sperm stored by females increased by 33% between singly mated and doubly mated females, indicating that the spermatheca is filled to only two-thirds capacity following insemination by the first male. Based on the proportion of stored sperm from first and second matings, we tested predictions about sperm precedence values based on models of random sperm mixing. High initial last-male sperm precedence strongly supports stratification of last-male sperm. By 1–2 weeks after double matings, sperm precedence declined to levels indistinguishable from values expected under random mixing. These results provide insight into mechanisms of sperm storage and utilization in this species.
The role of laparoscopic surgery for urinary tract reconstruction in infants weighing less than 10 kg: a comparison with open surgery.

Purpose To compare the outcome of laparoscopic urinary tract reconstruction (LUTR) in children weighing 10 kg or less with a weight-matched cohort undergoing open urinary tract reconstruction surgery (OUTR). Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients weighing 10 kg or less at the time of surgery who underwent open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty, transuretero-ureterostomy and ipsilateral uretero-ureterostomy between January 2000 and May 2007. The following information was recorded: body weight, age, sex, diagnosis, type of procedure, operative time, estimated blood loss, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin levels, length of hospitalization, length of follow up, use of drains and stents, intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirement, need for readmission, subsequent procedures, costs, complications and reoperations. Results There were 52 patients divided into two groups: LUTR (n = 23) and OUTR (n = 29). Median weight (range) and follow up was 6.2 kg (3.9–10) and 9 months and 6.5 kg (4.7–9.6) and 31 months for LUTR and OUTR, respectively. Mean operative time for LUTR (including cystoscopy and stent placement) was 237 min and for OUTR 128 min (P < 0.01). There were no differences in blood loss, intra- or postoperative analgesic requirement, results or complications. Mean hospitalization time was shorter for LUTR than OUTR (2 and 3 days, respectively). There were no differences in hospital costs between the two groups. Conclusions Laparoscopic reconstructive surgery for congenital urological anomalies is safe and effective in small infants and can be performed with outcomes comparable to that of open surgery.
Figure of merit for calibration and comparison of linewidth measurement instruments

A new figure of merit, the critical dimension capability factor, of CDC, is described. The CDC incorporates measurements taken over a range of linewidths and over a range of process variations which simulate normal and extreme process operating conditions. Under these conditions CDC uniquely quantifies the capability of the measurement instrument on a given substrate and for a given set of parameter settings. CDC is calculated by performing a linear regression between measurements generated by the instrument under test (IUT) and a set of reference values (internally generated standard values). The mean square error (MSE) between the regression line and the observed values is then partitioned into components which estimate the contribution to the MSE from various sources based on a rigorous statistical analysis. The final CDC value is defined as the linewidth to uncertainty ratio and is a function of uncertainty introduced in the characterization procedure as well as the uncertainty introduced when the IUT makes a measurement in practice. Since the CDC is a function of the overall uncertainty in the measurements of the IUT relative to the reference values, it can legitimately be compared from one instrument to another and used to evaluate alternative measurement methods and technologies.
A basic model for the evaluation and prediction of preservative action

basic integrated model for the quantification of preservative action must consider the availability or thermodynamic activity of the biologically effective concentration, μ, of the preservative in the aqueous phase. A derived expression for the total concentration, PT, of preservative (of dissociation constant Ka) degrading by an apparent first order rate constant, k', in an oil/water emulsion (of q volume ratio and k intrinsic partition coefficient of undissociated preservative) needed to maintain a minimum inhibitory concentration μ of free undissociated acid in the aqueous phase at any hydrogen ion concentration [H+] and for any known binding or complexing phenomena (where there are n sites on binding macromolecule Mi and the intrinsic dissociation constant is ki) is PT = μ (f1 × f2 × f3). The binding enhancement factor of μ is and in many practical instances when μ < Ki it reduces to The oil/water partition and ionization enhancement factor is f2 = 1 + Ka/[H+] + kq where kq vanishes in the absence of oil. The instability enhancement factor is f3 = ek't. The ultracentrifuge can be used to define operationally the parameters in macromolecular binding and the apparent partition in dispersions, emulsions and solutions. The premises for the use of preservative combinations are critically evaluated and kinetic methods to determine proper choices of response to characterise combined preservative action are recommended.
A NEW APPROACH TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

(1975). A NEW APPROACH TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION. Studies in Conservation: Vol. 20, 1975 Stockholm Congress: Conservation in Archaeology and the Applied Arts, pp. 165-167.
The dangerous shores: From elocution to interpretation

(1960). The dangerous shores: From elocution to interpretation. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 148-152.
Estimation of correlations between copy-number variants in non-coding DNA

Allelic DNA aberrations across our genome have been associated with normal human genetic heterogeneity as well as with a number of diseases and disorders. When copy-number variations (CNVs) occur in gene-coding regions, known relationships between genes may help us understand correlations between CNVs. However, a large number of these aberrations occur in non-coding, extragenic regions and their correlations may be characterized only quantitatively, e.g., probabilistically, but not functionally. Using a signal processing approach to CNV detection, we identified distributed CNVs in short, non-coding regions across chromosomes and investigated their potential correlations. We estimated predominantly local correlations between CNVs within the same chromosome, and a small number of apparently random long-distance correlations.
Sequence-Function Analysis of the Sendai virus L protein domain VI

The large (about 2200 amino acids) L polymerase protein of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses (order Mononegavirales) has six conserved sequence regions ("domains") postulated to constitute the specific enzymatic activities involved in viral mRNA synthesis, 5'-end capping, cap methylation, 3' polyadenylation, and genomic RNA replication. Previous studies with vesicular stomatitis virus identified amino acid residues within the L protein domain VI required for mRNA cap methylation. In our recent study we analyzed four amino acid residues within domain VI of the Sendai virus L protein and our data indicated that there could be differences in L protein sequence requirements for cap methylation in two different families of Mononegavirales - rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses. In this study, we conducted a more comprehensive mutational analysis by targeting the entire SeV L protein domain VI, creating twenty-four L mutants, and testing these mutations for their effects on viral mRNA synthesis, cap methylation, viral genome replication and virus growth kinetics. Our analysis identified several residues required for successful cap methylation and virus replication and clearly showed the importance of the K-D-K-E tetrad and glycine-rich motif in the SeV cap methylation. This study is the first extensive sequence analysis of the L protein domain VI in the family Paramyxoviridae, and it confirms structural and functional similarity of this domain across different families of the order Mononegavirales.
Sodium Content in Packaged Foods by Census Division in the United States, 2009

Excess sodium intake correlates positively with high blood pressure. Blood pressure varies by region, but whether sodium content of foods sold varies across regions is unknown. We combined nutrition and sales data from 2009 to assess the regional variation of sodium in packaged food products sold in 3 of the 9 US census divisions. Although sodium density and concentration differed little by region, fewer than half of selected food products met Food and Drug Administration sodium-per-serving conditions for labeling as "healthy." Regional differences in hypertension were not reflected in differences in the sodium content of packaged foods from grocery stores.
Synchronous photoluminescence intermittency (blinking) along whole semiconductor quantum wires.

Photoluminescence microscopy studies have detected synchronous-photoluminescence-intensity fluctuations along entire cadmium selenide quantum wires under continuous illumination. While similar photoluminescence blinking has been reported previously for semiconductor quantum dots and rods, the observation of synchronous blinking spanning the entire length of quantum wires, with diameters ≈9 nm and lengths >5 μm, is remarkable. We propose a mechanism to account for the synchronous blinking that is based on a dynamic, photolytic filling of surface-trap sites.
NUCLEOPHILIC CATALYSIS OF AMIDE ISOMERIZATION

ReceiVed May 6, 1999 Studies on the Bronsted acid-catalyzed cis-trans isomerization of amides have served as an elegant testing ground for a number of classical NMR techniques in physical organic chemistry.1 A potentially complementary process, the nucleophilic catalysis of amide isomerization, whereby the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate disrupts amide resonance and facilitates rotation about the C-N bond (eq 1), remains uncharacterized although a number
Development of dengue virus replicons expressing HIV-1 gp120 and other heterologous genes: a potential future tool for dual vaccination against dengue virus and HIV.

Background Toward the goals of providing an additional vector to add to the armamentarium available to HIV vaccinologists and of creating a bivalent vaccine effective against dengue virus and HIV, we have attempted to create vectors which express dengue virus non-structural proteins and HIV immunogens. Previously we reported the successful construction of dengue virus replicons which lack structural genes necessary for virion release and spreading infection in culture but which can replicate intracellularly and abundantly produce dengue non-structural proteins. Here we attempted to express heterologous genetic material from these replicons.
Cognitive Complaints Correlate With Depression Rather Than Concurrent Objective Cognitive Impairment in the Successful Aging Evaluation Baseline Sample

Objective:Whether subjective cognitive complaints are suggestive of depression or concurrent cognitive impairment in older adults without dementia remains unclear. The current study examined this q...
A new construction of the Margulis measure for Anosov flows

The Margulis measure for Anosov flows arises from a Hausdorff measure for a natural distance on unstable leaves. This generalizes work of Ursula Hamenstadt for the case of geodesic flows.
On the repeatability of metric models and metrics across software builds

We have developed various software metrics models over the years: Boolean discriminate functions (BDFs); the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance; derivative calculations for assessing achievable quality; a stopping rule; point and confidence interval estimates of quality; relative critical value deviation metrics; and nonlinear regression functions. We would like these models and metrics to be repeatable across the n builds of a software system. The advantage of repeatability is that models and metrics only need to be developed and validated once on build, and then applied n-1 times without modification to subsequent builds, with considerable savings in analysis and computational effort. In practical terms, this approach involves using the same model parameters that were validated and applying them unchanged on subsequent builds. The disadvantage is that the quality and metrics data of builds 2, ..., n, which varies across builds, is not utilized. We make a comparison of this approach with one that involves validating models and metrics on each build i and applying them only on build i+1, and then repeating the process. The advantage of this approach is that all available data are used in the models and analysis but at considerable cost in effort. We report on experiments involving large sets of discrepancy reports and metrics data on the Space Shuttle flight software, where we compare the predictive accuracy and effort of the two approaches for BDFs, critical values, derivative quality and inspection calculations, and the stopping rule.
Clinical Implications of Blood Substitutes

Red cell substitutes are developing rapidly and progressing in their clinical testing. The original concept of a shelf storable oxygen carrying solution for use in trauma and other emergency situations still remains valid. Of interest is the potential for red cell substitutes to be used in other areas of surgery, traditionally the realm of autologous transfusion. This article describes some of the logic behind defining which areas of application are potentially useful in the surgical arena.
GMR heads as ESD detectors - a direct assessment of subtle ESD

In this work, we demonstrate the importance and the effectiveness of using GMR heads as ESD detectors in new tester qualifications. Traditionally, to resolve ESD concerns of a new tester, a high bandwidth digital oscilloscope and a CT1 probe are often used for ESD waveform detection. An assessment is then provided based on the observed waveform. The methodology is largely consistent with investigations in a majority of papers published recently - a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor is typically seen with catastrophic failure from SEM measurements if a sizable waveform is detected. As the scale of the GMR sensors reduces with each new product, it becomes essential to locate subtle ESD transient from the tester. This kind of transient will not cause any observable damage in SEM measurements and introduces nearly no resistance change. The transient, however, degrades magnetic performance of the sensor. The focus of the work is on transients that are more difficult to measure using an oscilloscope, and their impacts to the sensors are difficult to assess without direct measurements on the sensors.
Effect of Cyclobenzaprine on Tricyclic Antidepressant Assays

OBJECTIVETo evaluate cyclobenzaprine interference on tricyclic antidepressant assays.DATA SOURCESLiterature was identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–August 2004) using the search terms cyclobenzaprine, tricyclic antidepressant, toxicology, and assay.DATA SYNTHESISCyclobenzaprine is structurally similar to tricyclic antidepressants and is often identified as a tricyclic antidepressant on toxicology assays. Older chromatographic assays demonstrate retention time differences of only seconds and nearly identical color stains between cyclobenzaprine and individual tricyclic antidepressants. In comparison, ultraviolet absorption ratios of 4.18 for amitriptyline and 1.85 for cyclobenzaprine are easily distinguished. Spectroscopy also consistently identifies cyclobenzaprine's unique mass-to-charge ratio peaks of 275 and 215 compared with those of amitriptyline. Available bioanalytic techniques are reviewed for their ability to correctly identify cyclobenzaprine and differentiate the drug from tricyclic antid...
Differences between downscaling with spectral and grid nudging using WRF

Abstract. Dynamical downscaling has been extensively used to study regional climate forced by large-scale global climate models. During the downscaling process, however, the simulation of regional climate models (RCMs) tends to drift away from the driving fields. Developing a solution that addresses this issue, by retaining the large scale features (from the large-scale fields) and the small-scale features (from the RCMs) has led to the development of "nudging" techniques. Here, we examine the performance of two nudging techniques, grid and spectral nudging, in the downscaling of NCEP/NCAR data with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The simulations are compared against the results with North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data set at different scales of interest using the concept of similarity. We show that with the appropriate choice of wave numbers, spectral nudging outperforms grid nudging in the capacity of balancing the performance of simulation at the large and small scales.
Inferior vena cava clip migration: unusual cause of duodenal foreign body.

Before the development of the inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, various techniques of IVC interruption were described for the management of patients at high risk for thromboembolic events, and for whom anticoagulation was either inadequate or contraindicated. In this report, we describe the enteric migration of a Miles IVC clip, occurring 27 years after IVC interruption. This previously undescribed complication and the patient’s prolonged follow-up period render this case of significant interest.
Negative Feedback Control of LH by Testosterone: A Quantitative Study in Male Rats11

Adult male rats were castrated and implanted SC with testosterone (T)-filled Silastic capsules of different sizes which produce stable plasma T levels proportional to capsule length. T and LH levels were determined in blood samples obtained at 3-day intervals for 21 days. Plasma T values greater than 1.8 ng/ml suppressed plasma LH to levels below the intact range, while a plasma T of less than 0.5 ng/ml yielded no significant inhibition of the post-castration LH rise. Animals with a plasma T of about 0.7 ng/ml, however, showed intact, castrate, or intermediate LH levels. The feedbackeffective range for all animals was between 0.5 ng T/ml (castrate-like LH response) and 1.8 ng/ml (LH at or below intact levels), but individual rats seemed to have a more restricted feedback range than that indicated by these group data. To test this hypothesis further, rats were implanted at the time of castration with five 5-mm T-filled capsules. One capsule was removed each week, producing step function drops in plasma T, ...
Advanced Technologies in Energy-Economy Models for Climate Change Assessment

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change through a consortium of industrial sponsors and Federal grants. Suggestions and feedback from participants of the MIT EPPA meeting and Jamie Bartholomay are highly appreciated.
A developmental typology of faculty-student interaction outside the classroom†

This chapter presents a typology of faculty-student interaction outside the classroom. As both a descriptive framework and a developmental model, the typology can be used independently or to augment traditional survey research. The chapter concludes with five lessons learned about faculty-student interaction outside the classroom.
Reflected fourth-harmonic radiation from a centrosymmetric crystal.

We present measurements of fourth-harmonic generation in reflection from the interface between two centrosymmetric media [Si(001)- SiO(2)] , using femtosecond pulses well below damage threshold. Analyses of signal amplitudes, rotational anisotropy, and sensitivity to surface roughening reveal that the surface dipole fourth-harmonic contribution dominates the bulk quadrupole contribution much more strongly than for second-harmonic generation.
ACE-I/ARB treatment in type 1 diabetes patients with albuminuria is associated with lower odds of progression of coronary artery calcification

Abstract Aims The objective of this study was to determine whether baseline albuminuria predicts coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in subjects with type 1 diabetes and whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II type I receptor blocker (ARB) treatment is associated with lower odds of CAC progression. Methods In 2000–2002, the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study enrolled 652 subjects with type 1 diabetes who were between 19 and 56 years old and had no known history of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this analysis, CAC progression over 2.5±0.4 years was evaluated in 478 subjects (age=37±9 years; male=45%; diabetes duration=23±9 years) at a follow-up visit. Albuminuria was defined by American Diabetes Association criteria, and microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were combined for the analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline categorical presence of albuminuria and CAC progression. Results At baseline, of the 478 subjects, 157 (33%) were on ACE-I/ARB treatment and 83 (17%) had albuminuria, with 114 (24%) having CAC progression at follow-up. In backward logistic regression, presence of albuminuria at baseline predicted progression of CAC among subjects not treated with ACE-I/ARB [odds ratio=4.06; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.45–11.35; P =.008]. Among the subjects with albuminuria, the odds of progression was 62% lower (95% CI=88% decrease to 23% increase; P =.106) in those treated with ACE-I/ARB. Conclusions Albuminuria is a significant independent risk factor for CAC progression in young type 1 diabetes patients asymptomatic for CAD, and ACE-I/ARB treatment is associated with substantially lower odds of CAC progression.
The Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib Functions Independently of p53 To Induce Cytotoxicity and an Atypical NF-κB Response in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells

Purpose: The proteasome consists of chymotrypsin-like (CT-L), trypsin-like, and caspase-like subunits that cleave substrates preferentially by amino acid sequence. Proteasomes mediate degradation of regulatory proteins of the p53, Bcl-2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) families that are aberrantly active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL remains an incurable disease, and new treatments are especially needed in the relapsed/refractory setting. We therefore investigated the effects of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) in CLL cells. Experimental Design: Tumor cells from CLL patients were assayed in vitro using immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Additionally, a p53 dominant-negative construct was generated in a human B-cell line. Results: Unlike bortezomib, CFZ potently induces apoptosis in CLL patient cells in the presence of human serum. CLL cells have significantly lower basal CT-L activity compared to normal B and T cells, although activity is inhibited similarly in T cells vs. CLL. Co-culture of CLL cells on stroma protected from CFZ-mediated cytotoxicity; however, PI3K inhibition significantly diminished this stromal protection. CFZ-mediated cytotoxicity in leukemic B-cells is caspase-dependent and occurs irrespective of p53 status. In CLL cells, CFZ promotes atypical activation of NF-κB evidenced by loss of cytoplasmic IkBα, phosphorylation of IκBα and increased p50/p65 DNA binding, without subsequent increases in canonical NF-κB target gene transcription. Conclusions: Together, these data provide new mechanistic insights into the activity of CFZ in CLL and support Phase I investigation of CFZ in this disease.
The Problem of Blood and Meat Spots in Chicken Eggs: II. Its Importance in Poultry Flocks, and A Study of the Nutritional Factors Involved

Abstract IN AN earlier paper (Nalbandov and Card, 1944) the work done at the Illinois Experiment Station from 1940 to 1943 on the physiology of blood and meat spots was summarized. The conclusions reached at that time were, in brief, as follows. Blood clots are due to the rupturing of blood vessels in the follicle wall, sometime prior to ovulation and during the active growing phase of the follicle. If the bleeding is insignificant in amount the resulting clot will adhere to the vitelline membrane and will remain attached to the yolk while the latter passes through the oviduct. If the bleeding is extensive the blood will accumulate in the hollow stalk of the follicle, the clot appearing in the laid egg not attached to the yolk but floating free in the albumen. Meat spots also frequently become detached from the yolk presumably under the influence of the chemical changes which . . .
Etching of Refractories and Cermets by Ion Bombardment

Uranium oxide, aluminum oxide, and porcelain, as well as aluminum-aluminum oxide (SAP), a nickel-titanium carbide base cermet (Kentanium K-152-B), and a cobalt silicide-titanium carbide, titanium diboride cermet (designated III-B), typical examples of refractories and cermets, have been satisfactorily etched by ion bombardment for subsequent optical and electron microscope study. The method used is similar in almost all respects to the ion etching of metallic specimens. Representative optical and electron micrographs illustrate the applicability of the method for developing the microstructure of refractories and cermets.
Extensive extinction in multiple contexts eliminates the renewal of conditioned fear in rats

Two studies examined whether nonreinforcement of a stimulus in multiple contexts, instead of a single context, would decrease renewal of conditioned fear in rats (as assessed by conditioned suppression of lever pressing). In Experiment 1, renewal was measured after 36 nonreinforced CS trials delivered during six extinction sessions in a single context or two extinction sessions in each of three different contexts. The number of extinction contexts did not have an effect on renewal. In Experiment 2, groups received either 36 or 144 nonreinforced CS trials during six or twenty-four extinction sessions in a single context or three different contexts. Again, renewal was not influenced by the number of extinction contexts when only 36 trials were given. However, when 144 trials were used, renewal was completely eliminated when extinction was divided between 3 contexts, but was not weakened when the sessions took place in a single context. The results suggest that the use of multiple treatment settings in exposure-based therapies is only likely to reduce relapse if a sufficient number of sessions are provided in each of the treatment settings.
A New Retroposed Gene in Drosophila Heterochromatin Detected by Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization

A genomic pattern of new gene origination is often dependent on a genomic method that can efficiently identify a statistically adequate number of recently originated genes. The heterochromatic regions have often been viewed as genomic deserts with low coding potential and thus a low flux of new genes. However, increasing reports revealed unexpected roles of heterochromatic regions in the evolution of genes and genomes. We identified recently retroposed genes that originated in heterochromatic regions in Drosophila, by developing microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with multiple species. This new gene family, named Ifc-2h, originated in the common ancestor of the clade of D. simulans, D. mauritiana, and D. sechellia. The sequence features and phylogenetic distribution indicated that Ifc-2h resulted from the retroposition from its parental gene, Infertile crescent (Ifc), and integrated into heterochromatic region of common ancester of the three sibling species 2 million years ago. Expression analysis revealed that Ifc-2h had developed a new expression pattern by recruiting a putative regulatory element from its target sequence. The distribution of indel variation in Ifc-2h of D. simulans and D. mauritiana revealed a significant sequence constraint, suggesting that the Ifc-2h gene may be functional. These analyses cast fresh insight into the evolution of heterochromatin and the origin of its coding regions.
Close relationships and disordered eating: Partner perspectives.

The role and potential significance of romantic partners have been acknowledged in the eating disorder literature; yet, few studies have addressed partner perspectives, and none of these have invol...
Rule-Based NLP Methodology for Semantic Interpretation of Impact Factors for Construction Claim Cases

Construction claim analysis largely depends on determining the existence of impact factors. Extensive research has been conducted on the relationships between impact factors and outcomes of construction litigation from various perspectives and using various methodologies. However, only a few of them have taken into consideration the automated semantic interpretation of impact factors contained in a construction litigation case. In this paper, based on previous pilot studies on the domain ontologies of construction contractual semantics, a rule-based NLP (Natural Language Processing) methodology for semantically interpreting impact factors for construction claim cases is proposed. Based on the available NLP techniques and domain ontologies, this methodology utilizes a rule-based mechanism to achieve the mapping from textual elements to ontology entities. In this way, the support of domain ontology is provided to enhance the performance of the impact factor interpretation process in the text. Also, it was found that several software packages can work together to satisfy the demand for the implementation of this methodology. Further, to test the validity of this methodology, several case studies focusing on DSC (Differing Site Conditions) claims are conducted by adopting cases from legal databases as data. The significance of this research is that it provides a more automated functionality to the traditional approach of claim outcome prediction by adding one more semantic factor-interpreting layer to it, and by also exploring the application of ontology-based NLP in the domain of construction claim analysis via text processing.
Increasing organization efficiency through software architecture: Case study of the JTF-GNO

The Joint Task Force Global Network Operations (JTF-GNO) center is a subset of the Defense Information Systems Agency that is directly in charge of the security and architecture of the Department of Defense Global Information Grid. Since the inception of the JTF-GNO, the architecture has continually changed due to technical advances and increasing security concerns. Although many new systems have been added to increase efficiency, ad-hoc processes remain that should be automated and added to the overall architecture. Many new software technologies can be utilized in order to streamline current processes. The first part of this paper will lay out the architecture that is currently in place. This will include the systems in place that process machine and human generated reports from all subordinate units and agencies, and the systems used to present this data and report it to the Strategic Command. Once this architecture is presented, pieces found that are manual or ad-hoc will be examined to determine if they can be automated. Finally, an architecture will be presented as a “way ahead” for the JTF-GNO that will aid in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the JTF-GNO center.