cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Up-to-Date in Kansas City: Reflections on American Federalism

Editor's Note: Martha Derthick of the University of Virginia was designated the John Gaus Distinguished Lecturer at the Association's 1992 Annual Meeting. The award honors her lifetime of exemplary scholarship in the joint tradition of political science and public administration and, more generally, recognizes achievement and encourages scholarship in public administration. Previous Gaus Lecturers have included: Herbert Kaufman (1986), C. Dwight Waldo (1987), James Fesler (1988), Aaron Wildavsky (1989), Frederick C. Mosher (posthumously, 1990), and Norton E. Long (1991). The 1992 Gaus Award Committee consisted of: Frank J. Thompson, State University of Albany, chair; Beverly A. Cigler, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; and Francis E. Rourke, Johns Hopkins University.
Alternative access for endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular diseases

Abstract Objective Data regarding the role of alternative access routes in neuro-endovascular interventions is limited. Our aim is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of alternative access in endovascular management of cerebrovascular diseases. Methods 29 patients who underwent endovascular interventions using alternative access techniques including transradial, transcervical with carotid cutdown and access through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) to manage various intracranial pathologies were retrospectively identified. Results The mean patient age was 68 years. Mean follow-up was 6.6 months. The transradial approach was successfully used in the management of 3 aneurysms using the pipeline embolization device (PED), coiling and stent-assisted coiling, 2 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using Onyx embolization and 2 acute stroke interventions. This resulted in complete obliteration of 3 lesions and near complete occlusion (>90%) of 2 lesions and successful recanalization in the 2 patients with stroke. There were no access related complications. Transcervical access was successfully used to treat 6 aneurysms using the PED or coiling embolization without any complications. SOV cutdown followed by endovascular embolization was performed successfully in 16 patients harboring carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) using Onyx embolization alone in 12 cases and Onyx with coiling in 4 patients. Complete obliteration was achieved in 14CCFs and near complete obliteration in 2CCFs. Complications occurred in 1 patient who had transient elevated intra-ocular pressure postoperatively. Conclusions When transfemoral access fails, alternative access routes using transradial, transcervical with carotid cutdown and access through the SOV can be safe and effective for managing various cerebrovascular lesions.
Determination of oxalic acid in Chinese rice wine by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography

In this paper,a method of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) was developed to determine the oxalic acid content in Chinese rice wine.The derivatizing agent o-phenylenediamine was reacted with oxalic acid to form 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxalene,which had a strong UV absorption peak.The samples were separated on Dionex Acclaim 120 C18column(4.6×250 mm,5μm),eluted with mixture of methanol and ammonium acetate 0.1mol/L(15∶85,v/v) at 1.2mL/min,and detected at 314nm,the column temperature was 25℃.The recovery of rice wine was 91.40% ~103.70%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was less than 9.30%.This method was simple and accurate,can be used for the determination of oxalic acid content in rice wine.
Is There a Moral Right to Nonmedical Vaccine Exemption

A recent measles outbreak in the United States was linked to a single source, yet it spanned eighteen jurisdictions and infected 121 people. 1 Forty-seven states currently allow legal exemption from vaccination on religious grounds, eighteen of which also allow it on philosophical grounds. 2 Recent research usually accepts a fundamental right to vaccine exemption and primarily seeks ways to protect herd immunity while also respecting that right, for example, by keeping the exemption available yet harder to procure or by imposing torts for infection-related injury. 3 We argue that when herd immunity is at risk, any moral claim to exemption from vaccination on conscientious, philosophical, or religious grounds is overridden. Our argument rests on an analogy to a series of situations in which a person puts others at risk through philosophically or religiously motivated choices. In these situations, intuitively, there is no claim-right to compromise the safety of others. Similarly, we propose, there is no claim-right to refuse vaccination, regardless of one's conscience, when refusal is sufficiently likely to seriously affect herd immunity and the safety of others. We also address several counterarguments. The lack of a claim-right to exemption when herd immunity is at risk does not mean, however, that it is always prudent for the state to force vaccination, or even that forcing vaccinations must be legal. Alternatives to forced vaccination may prove wiser and more conducive to high vaccination rates.
Neuroimaging and Treatments Perspectives

Brain imaging in the context of both pathology and normal functioning is increasingly moving toward imaging of complex networks such as resting state networks (RSN) or intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging. Although largely the domain of functional imaging, contributions from certain anatomical imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) also image brain networks at the macroscopic level. Traumatic brain injury and depression are two examples where standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually normal but ICN has for the first time shown objective abnormalities.
Financial Entity Record Linkage with Random Forests

Record linkage refers to the task of finding same entity across different databases. We propose a machine learning based record linkage algorithm for financial entity databases. Record linkage on financial databases are essential for information integration on certain financial entity, since those databases do not have common unified identifier. Our algorithm works in two steps to determine if a pair of record is same entity or not. First we check with proposed rules if the record pair can be exactly matched after cleaning the entity name and address. Second, inspired by earlier work on author name disambiguation, we train a binary Random Forest classifier to decide the linkage. To reduce and scale the computation, this process is done only for candidate pairs within a proposed heuristic. Initial evaluation for precision, recall and F1 measures on two different linking tasks in the Financial Entity Identification and Information Integration (FEIII) Challenge show promising results.
Circulating Myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a Tumor Marker in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

MPO is a hemoprotein expressed in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their precursors. Free circulating MPO in the plasma or serum is an important indicator of inflammation in various inflammatory diseases, whereas cellular expression levels of MPO, assessed by cytochemical staining, are used extensively for the diagnosis and subtyping of various leukemias. The role of circulating MPO levels in the evaluation of CML has not been assessed. In this study, we examined the association of plasma MPO levels with hematologic characteristics and clinical outcome in 107 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML: 74 in chronic phase (CP) and 33 in accelerated/blastic (ACC/BC) phase). 100 apparently healthy individuals were included as a control group. All patients received imatinib mesylate therapy, with a median follow-up period of 18.6 months (range, 2.1–31.1 months). Overall, MPO levels did not differ significantly between CP and ACC/BC patients (Wilcoxon test, P=0.34). However, both CP (median, 38.2; range, 4.9–11421.6 ng/mL) and ACC/BC (median, 47.00; range, 3.4–1423.6 ng/mL) groups had significantly higher levels than control subjects (median, 4.9; range, 3.5–20.6 ng/mL). Response rates were 77% for CP patients and 57% for ACC/CP patients. When both groups were considered together, nonresponders had significantly higher MPO levels than responders (P = 0.03). In separate analyses, this association held true for ACC/BC patients (P = 0.04) but not for the CP group. MPO levels correlated strongly with WBC, LDH, percent basophiles, and percent Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases (all P
Anthropogenic forcings on the climate of the Aral Sea: A regional modeling perspective

Abstract The Aral Sea was formerly one of the world’s largest lakes and supported critical ecosystem services, fisheries, and major shipping routes. It was also situated in a rapidly industrializing agricultural region and, as such, multiple anthropogenic forcings have modified the Aral’s regional environmental conditions over the latter 20th century. In particular, rising atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations coupled with intensive water resource use have had significant regional climate impacts. Sustained abstractions from regional rivers as an irrigation resource for intensified agricultural production has led to the rapid desiccation of the Aral Sea. As of summer 2014, only 10% of its historic extent remained. This paper reports modeling experiments to elucidate the climatic changes resulting from both increased GHG concentrations and an idealized disappearance of the Aral Sea. We utilized the MIT Regional Climate Model to perform 30-year experiments of pre-desiccated and fully desiccated Aral Sea conditions under moderate and enhanced GHG forcings. Complete desiccation combined with the GHG forcings resulted in substantial increases in summertime net longwave radiation, sensible heating, and surface temperature. Additionally, large reductions in evapotranspiration altered the regional soil moisture − surface temperature relationship. Furthermore, a completely desiccated Aral Sea heightened the GHG-induced regional warming. These results demonstrate how a total loss of the Aral Sea might exacerbate regional climate change. At the same time, they suggest that some of the regional warming and moisture regime shifts could be alleviated with the Aral Sea’s restoration, requiring the implementation of conservation practices and improved regional water governance.
Runway Performance as a Function of Delayed Reinforcement and Delay-Box Confinement

Two experiments were carried out to determine the effect of 20-sec. delay of reinforcement on 0, 33, 67, 100% of runway trials and 20-sec. confinement in the delay box on 0, 33, 67, and 100% of the extinction trials. Experiment I (N=76 rats) had 72 training and 30 extinction trials with 1 trial per day; Experiment II (N=47) had the same numbers of trials but 6 trials per day. A control group had 33% delay trials in a single block. The 100% delay group was significantly slower in training. The group with 67% delay in training ran the fastest in extinction. Running speed in extinction was inversely related to percentage of confinement in extinction. Shifts to higher percentages of confinement in extinction led to faster extinction; shifts to lower percentages of confinement led to slower extinction. The results, which were similar in the two experiments, were related to previous studies and discussed in terms of cognitive dissonance theory and a relativistic conception of reward.
Ventricular fibrillation waveform measures combined with prior shock outcome predict defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Abstract Aim Amplitude Spectrum Area (AMSA) and Median Slope (MS) are ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform measures that predict defibrillation shock success. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) obscures electrocardiograms and must be paused for analysis. Studies suggest waveform measures better predict subsequent shock success when combined with prior shock success. We determined whether this relationship applies during CPR. Methods AMSA and MS were calculated from 5-second pre-shock segments with and without CPR, and compared to logistic models combining each measure with prior return of organized rhythm (ROR). Results VF segments from 692 patients were analyzed during CPR before 1372 shocks and without CPR before 1283 shocks. Combining waveform measures with prior ROR increased areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for AMSA/MS with CPR (0.66/0.68 to 0.73/0.74, p Conclusions Prior ROR improves prediction of shock success during CPR, and may enable waveform measure calculation without chest compression pauses.
A New Model of Pseudogap Physics in the Cuprates

We discuss a short-range order mechanism for understanding pseudogap physics of cuprates in which the competition between a variety of magnetic orders frustrates the development of the long-range order. We show in particular that the competition between the effects of Van Hove singularity nesting and conventional Fermi surface nesting leads to a material-dependent transition between Mott and Slater physics, and the emergence of a spin-frustrated state in the crossover region.
An Exploratory Electromyography-Based Coactivation Index for the Cervical Spine:

ObjectiveDevelop a coactivation index for the neck and test its effectiveness with complex dynamic head motions.BackgroundStudies describing coactivation for the cervical spine are sparse in the li...
Role of immune factors in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

The present study assessed the importance of immunity in angiotensin (ANG) II (5 ng·kg−1·min−1 iv)-mediated hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and SS rats deficient in T and B lymphocyte...
Pathology in a Permian parareptile: congenital malformation of sacral vertebrae

Pareiasaurs were a group of herbivorous reptiles that lived during the middle to late Permian (265–252 Ma). About 20 species are currently recognized from a fossil record spanning Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. All pareiasaurs have a peculiar vertebral anatomy characterized by ‘swollen’ neural arches. Some species grew to large body size (e.g., 600 kg) and evolved up to five sacral vertebrae, but the detailed anatomy of the sacral region is poorly documented. Vertebral elements referable to the derived pareiasaur subclade Velosauria were recently recovered from the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Luangwa Basin) of Zambia and are described here. The specimen exhibits an abnormal morphology: the neural arches of the second, third, and fourth sacral vertebrae share a single, elongate centrum that is fused anteriorly with a ‘normal’ first sacral vertebra, and articulates posteriorly with a slightly disarticulated first caudal vertebra. We suggest two distinct pathologies are responsible for this morphology: (1) spondyloarthropathy (re-ossified intervertebral joint) and (2) congenital block vertebra. The processes of development of neural arches and centra, while evolutionarily independent in origin, have been found to be conserved in all amniotes. While paleopathological morphologies can provide insight into environmental and disease-based etiologies, pathological congenital malformations are particularly rare in fossil record and have the potential to be informative for understanding the evolution of vertebral development. The anatomy described here sheds light on pareiasaurian sacral morphology and provides insight into the pathology in one of the earliest clades of large-bodied reptiles near the base of the amniote tree.
Low-molecular-mass iron in healthy blood plasma is not predominately ferric citrate

Blood contains a poorly characterized pool of labile iron called non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). In patients with iron-overload diseases such as hemochromatosis, NTBI accumulates in the liver, heart, and other organs. This material is probably nonproteinaceous and low molecular mass (LMM). However, the number, concentration, mass, and chemical composition of NTBI species remain unknown despite decades of effort. Here, solutions of plasma from humans, pigs, horses, and mice were passed through a 10 kDa cutoff membrane, affording flow-through solutions (FTSs) containing ∼1 μM iron. The FTSs were subjected to size-exclusion liquid chromatography at pH 8.5, 6.5, and 4.5. Iron was detected by an online inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometer. LC-ICP-MS chromatograms of the FTSs exhibited 2–6 iron-containing species with apparent masses between 400 and 2500 Da. Their approximate concentrations in plasma were 10−8–10−7 M. Not every FTS sample contained every LMM iron species, indicating individual variations. The most reproducible iron species had apparent masses of 400 and 500 Da. Chromatograms of the FTSs from established hemochromatosis patients exhibited no significant differences relative to controls. The peak positions and intensities depended on column pH. Some FTS iron adsorbed onto the column, especially at higher pH. Column-adsorbing-iron coordinated apo-transferrin whereas the more tightly coordinated iron species did not. Ferric citrate standards exhibited LMM iron peaks that were similar to but not the same as those obtained in FTSs. The results indicate that the LMM iron species in healthy blood plasma is not primarily ferric citrate; however, this may be one of many contributing complexes.
What is animal stress and how is it measured

The meaning of the term "stress" as it applies to animal husbandry is discussed. Because "stress" is used with various meanings, its application is often misinterpreted. Stress in general is looked upon as a symptom resulting from exposure of an animal to a hostile environment. To some it is a nonspecific response to all environmental forces; others feel there are specific stress symptoms caused by specific environmental forces. The term stress is sometimes used to describe the hostile environment. The correct usage depends upon the school of thought espoused. A common working definition of physiologists is that "stress" consists of external body forces that tend to displace homeostasis and "strain" is the internal displacement brought about by stress. There are environmental forces continuously acting upon animals that disrupt homeostasis, resulting in new adaptations that can be either detrimental or advantageous to man's interest. Measuring the magnitude of stress often means measuring the degree of adaptation. The important function of livestock management is to avoid the detrimental adaptations and capitalize on the advantageous ones.
Glutathione Metabolism in Leukocytes

Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) occurs in appreciable concentration in almost all living cells and has been the subject of a great deal of research for more than 75 years. The extensive literature on glutathione has been summarized by a conference and a number of review articles (Colowick et al., 1954; Crook, 1959; Flohe et al., 1974; Meister, 1975; Arias and Jakoby, 1976).
Enhancing Value of MRI: A Call for Action

As national healthcare spending has spiraled out of control, payment reform that moves from volume to value-based payment has been introduced as a practical solution. Under alternative value-based payment models, physicians and clinical teams must deliver the best care possible at a lower cost. Medical imaging has changed the way we diagnose disease, evaluate severity, assess treatment effects, and provide biological insights for the pathophysiology of many diseases. Over the past 50 years, imaging techniques have become increasingly advanced-from X-ray to computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and multi-modal imaging. Advanced imaging such as MRI has given clinicians remarkable insights into medical conditions and saved innumerable lives. Under the value proposition, however, we must ask if each imaging study changes treatment decisions, improves patient outcomes, and is cost-effective. Imaging research has been focused on developing new technologies and clinical applications to assess diagnostic accuracy. What is needed is the higher-level technology assessment. In this article we review why we need to demonstrate the value of MRI, how we define value, what strategies can enhance MR value through partnership with various stakeholders, and how imaging scientists can contribute to healthcare delivery in the future. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:e40-e48.
Augmented Reality in the Health Domain: Projecting Spatial Augmented Reality Visualizations on a Perceiver's Body for Health Communication Effects

Abstract An experiment is reported that studied the effects of spatial embodiment in augmented reality on medical attitudes about the self. College students (N = 90) viewed public service announcem...
Treatment of a Patient With Central Pain Sensitization Using Graded Motor Imagery Principles: A Case Report.

Abstract Objective This case report describes the application of graded motor imagery principles to a patient experiencing central sensitization and chronic pain. Clinical Features A 46-year-old woman presented with pain in all 4 limbs along with global spinal pain and loss of range of motion. These symptoms initiated after a motor vehicle accident 5 years before and were exacerbated by 2 subsequent motor vehicle accidents. Examination indicated global loss of spinal range of motion, severe apprehension toward any movement, decreased grip strength bilaterally, and loss of 2-point discrimination. A variety of outcome assessments indicated severe disability. Intervention and Outcome The patient was seen at the chiropractic clinic 5× over 6 weeks and showed marked improvement with each visit. Treatment included pain neuroscience education, laterality training using the Recognize app, and explicit motor imagery. The patient demonstrated improvement in all baseline measures just described, including outcome assessment scores. Conclusions Over time, the patient reported decreased chronic pain and disability, along with improvement in grip strength and range of motion, after application of graded motor imagery strategies.
Energy Depletion Attack Against Routing Protocol in the Internet of Things

Low power and lossy networks (LLNs) are undeniably vulnerable to various Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks due to the shared wireless medium, the lack of physical protection, and instinctive resource constraints. In this paper, we propose a misbehavior-aware threshold detection scheme, called MAD, against energy depletion attack in RPL-based LLNs, where a malicious node intentionally generates and sends a large number of packets to legitimate nodes to excessively consume the energy resource of intermediate nodes located along the forwarding paths, and finally makes the resource-constrained network suffer from denial of service. In the MAD, each node maintains a count of the number of received packets from its child node within a specific time window, and then compares the count with a dynamically calculated threshold to detect potential malicious node. We conduct extensive simulation experiments for performance evaluation and comparison with the original RPL with and without adversary, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is a viable approach against energy depletion attack in RPL-based LLNs.
Building the Eviction Economy: Speculation, Precarity, and Eviction in Detroit:

Evictions have recently gained attention as a problem affecting millions of households worldwide. This study contributes to knowledge on the conditions leading to housing insecurity and evictions b...
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) direct printing for sensors and actuators

This paper represents a polymeric piezoelectric manufacturing process for sensing and actuation applications. The electric poling-assisted additive manufacturing (EPAM) process combining additive manufacturing (AM) with polymeric poling process has been recently introduced. This process keeps piezoelectric polymer dipoles well-aligned and uniform over a large area in a single-step direct printing process. Here, the EPAM process was employed to directly print polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer; sensing and actuation performance was tested with dynamometer, a baseline comparison measuring instrument. Also, the plasma-assisted poling process that potentially increases piezoelectricity was briefly introduced and discussed with a preliminary result. As a result, this study promises new multi-functional materials, novel designs, and approaches in a single AM and fabrication step by combining AM with piezoelectric polymer poling methods in convenient, fast, and precise manner.
A Monolithically Integrated Time-of-Flight Sensor with Large Area Silicon Avalanche Photodiode

This paper presents a monolithically integrated CMOS receiver circuit for a pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser range-finder. The integrated CMOS Avalanche photodiode (APD) has an area of 300 × 300 μm2 and demonstrates a breakdown voltage of ~10V. The receiver front-end consists of a Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA), a Post-Amplifier (PA) with an offset cancellation network and a 50Ω output buffer. The overall channel gain is 90dBΩ. The total area of the integrated circuit (IC) including bondpads and the APD is 1.48 mm2, and it consumes 132 mW power without the output buffer. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first reported fully integrated TOF CMOS receiver including the photodetector for an indoor pulsed based laser rangefinder.
Shale boom and cross-county commuting in the Permian Basin region

Abstract This study is set to quantify the impact of oil and gas production on the commuting pattern in the Permian Basin region. In particular, we focus on cross-county commuting that has shown a significant increase during the recent Permian Basin shale boom. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the increase is mainly driven by extended daily commuting and long-distance commuting (LDC) tied to the oil and gas industry. Our regression analysis integrating county-level commuting data and shale energy production data confirms that the impact is statistically significant. Using data from 67 counties in New Mexico and Texas between 2002 and 2017, we find that on average a one-million-BBLs increase in annual oil production leads to an increase of 100 inward commuters and an increase of 15 outward commuters. The net impact (inward – outward) is an increase of 85 commuters. By linking the empirical findings to the potential health, environmental, and socio-economic impacts of shale development with commuting being the channel of influence, further exploration suggests that the health and environmental impacts of extended daily commuting are much more significant compared to LDC. As far as the socio-economic aspect is concerned, both extended daily commuting and LDC can have significant impacts.
Resident Indentified Violations of Usability Heuristic Principles in Local Electronic Health Records.

Introduction Difficulties with the electronic health record (EHR) are known to be associated with high physician burnout. Usability studies can evaluate and identify usability issues with the EHR at the end user level. This study was conducted to determine physician perspectives and usability issues of local EHR systems. Methods Survey and focus group methodology were employed. Participants were resident physicians who were members of a resident council in the Midwest. Survey data collected included demographics and perceptions. Focus group data included participants identification of usability principle violations and potential impact to end user. Results There were 15 survey respondents (across 11 residency programs) who reported use of three different EHR systems: Cerner®, Meditech, and Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS). Satisfaction was greatest with Cerner® as well as most reported level of experience. Focus group respondents reported a variety of usability violations which lead to provider confusion, increased time, alert fatigue, and potential patient safety issues. Conclusion Violations of usability principles can result in disruption of physician workflow processes and lead to increased documentation time as well as fatigue. These issues have been associated with increased provider burnout. Continuous usability assessments should be conducted at the end user level to promote the development of more effective and efficient EHR interface designs.
Group Perceptions of Acceptance of Racial/Ethnic, Sexual and Gender Minorities in the United States Military

Recruitment of soldiers from diverse backgrounds has increasingly become a priority for the U.S. military. Although there has been success in recruiting a more diverse and representative military w...
Pharmacist Identification of Medication Therapy Problems Involving Cognition Among Older Adults Followed by a Home-Based Care Team

Dementia, depression, and delirium alone or in combination (3Ds) can threaten independence among older adults, and polypharmacy may further accelerate decline. Clinical pharmacists can play an important role on multidisciplinary home-based care teams by identifying medication therapy problems (MTPs) involving cognition. Within a larger ongoing clinical trial, this paper describes cognition-related MTPs and pharmacist recommendations among older adults with 3Ds followed by a home-based care team. We conducted a retrospective analysis of medication data among Medicare Advantage members aged ≥ 65 years living at home in Connecticut with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision codes related to 3Ds; analyses include the first 105 subjects randomized to the home-based care team from March 2017 to January 2019. Advanced practice registered nurses conducted in-home medication reconciliations along with medical and cognitive assessments. Clinical pharmacists then conducted medication reviews centered on agents treating or exacerbating 3Ds. After review by the study advanced practice registered nurse, geriatrician, and psychiatrist, salient recommendations were forwarded to primary care providers for consideration. Medication therapy problems related to cognition were retrospectively abstracted and classified as: (1) indication: underuse or overuse; (2) effectiveness: ineffective agent or low dose (mainly for antidepressants); and (3) safety: undesirable effect (e.g., impaired cognition, dementia treatment side effects), unsafe medication (e.g., potentially inappropriate medications that can harm cognition), drug interaction, or high dose. Pharmacists identified 166 cognitive MTPs, with a mean (standard deviation) of 1.58 (1.35) [range 0–6] MTPs per subject. Indication MTPs represented 34% of total MTPs, of which 79% involved underuse and 21% overuse; effectiveness represented 13% of total MTPs; and safety represented over half (52%) of all MTPs, with benzodiazepines and anticholinergics frequently implicated. Recommendations commonly included medication reduction (discontinuation 23% and dose reduction 19%). We found MTPs involving cognition among most (79%) patients. Our study findings support the role of pharmacists on multidisciplinary teams to identify cognitively harmful medications, dementia treatment side effects, and untreated cognitive conditions. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945085.
Quantitative Detection of SO 2 H 2 S and CS 2 Based on Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrometry and Least Squares Algorithm

$SO_{2}, CS_{2}$ and $H_{2}S$ are important decomposition gases of $SF\epsilon$. Their kinds and contents are of great significance for the diagnosis of $SF\epsilon$ gas insulation equipment. In this paper, a method combining UV absorption spectroscopy with least square fitting is proposed for the quantitative calculation of three kinds of $SF\epsilon$ decomposition components. Therefore, we have obtained the correction formula for the calculation of $H_{2}S$ concentration in the higher concentration range. Combined with this formula, we can realize the accurate quantitative detection of three gases. The detection range is 1-10ppm for SO 2 and $H_{2}S$, and 30-300ppb for CS 2 . This paper provides a simple and efficient detection method, which is easy to integrate into the detection equipment, and provides a method support for the online monitoring of $SF\epsilon$ insulation equipment
Central Himalayan rivers record the topographic signature of erosion by glacial lake outburst floods

In steep landscapes, river incision sets the pace of landscape evolution. Transport of coarse sediment controls incision by evacuating material delivered to river channels by landslides. However, large boulders that impede bedrock erosion are immobile even in major runoff-driven floods. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) mobilize these boulders and drive incision, yet their role in regional-scale erosion is poorly understood, largely because of their rarity. Here, we find a topographic signature of GLOF erosion in the Nepal Himalaya. In rivers with glaciated headwaters that generate GLOFs, valleys stay narrow and relatively free of sediment, with bedrock often exposed to erosion. In turn, tributaries to these valleys are steep so less efficient erosion mechanisms may keep pace with GLOF-driven incision. Where GLOFs are less frequent, valleys are more alluviated and incision stalls. Our results suggest the extent of headwater glaciation may play a central role in erosion of Himalayan river valleys.
Investigation of potential damage to bridge infrastructure from induced earthquakes

Abstract This paper evaluates the fragility of bridges in areas exposed to induced seismic hazards, including human-caused earthquakes commonly associated with the petroleum industry and wastewater disposal. Recently, the rate of such ground motions has significantly increased, especially in areas with high levels of hydraulic fracturing oil extraction in the Central U.S. Induced earthquakes are generally small-to-moderate in magnitude; however, they typically happen in places with historically negligible seismicity, where the structures are designed considering no-to-low seismic demands. Therefore, the increased seismic activities in the region raise concerns about the safety of the infrastructure in that area. This study investigates the fragility of bridge portfolios subjected to induced earthquakes considering major sources of uncertainty in ground motions, bridge geometry, and material properties. Fragility curves are developed with respect to different intensity measures such as peak ground acceleration and velocity, as well as spectral accelerations. In addition, developed fragility curves are compared with those associated with other seismic hazards to evaluate the influence of ground motion characteristics on bridge fragility. The comparison includes similar magnitude natural earthquakes in the Western U.S., New Madrid seismic hazards (i.e., the historical seismic hazard of interest in the Central U.S.), and fragility estimates from HAZUS.
Improving the Quality of Veterinary Practice

Cow health is a priority for dairy producers who look to their veterinarian to design and implement protocols, train employees to be responsive to cow health and welfare issues, and to monitor the impact of preventative and treatment interventions on productivity of the herd. Using typical dairy herd health problems as case examples, a detailed approach that incorporates individual animal evaluation and scoring, appropriate herd-based testing, observation and analysis is a described. The art of observation, examination and analysis of the animals is an essential element that the veterinarian brings to innovative, creative, technologically and scientifically sophisticated approaches to improved dairy cattle health and productivity.
The Genome-Linked Protein of Picornaviruses: Discovery, Properties and Possible Functions

The discovery that eukaryotic mRNAs were capped at the 5′ end (for a review, see ref.l) prompted us and others to examine the 5′ end of poliovirus mRNA. It had been shown before that virion RNA does not contain any nucleoside triphosphates (2). Consequently, virion RNA cannot be capped with m7G(5′)ppp(5′)Np.
A Historical, Political, and Social Perspective on HR 3333 Minority Health Improvement and Health Disparity Elimination Act

HR 3333 The Minority Health Improvement and Health Disparity Elimination Act of 2007 is a step toward defeating racism, injustice, and inequality that pervades the current United States health care system. The demands for better access to health care and higher quality care for minorities, culturally and linguistically appropriate health services for peoples living in the United States must be required if we were to develop as a respectable society that champions democratic equality. Old biomedical models have been preferred by some organizations because of invested financial interests; however, HR 3333 supports a more holistic model that includes both biomedical and public/social health models and would begin to meet the needs of a growing minority population. Other concerns dealing with defining, teaching, and assessing cultural competence, funding issues for linguistic services, and technological funding for research and data collection are valid. However, they should not be prohibitive in HR 3333, but rather inclusive in the plan for implementing a comprehensive program to combat health disparities within the current health care system.
Brain Overclaim Syndrome and Criminal Responsibility: A Diagnostic Note

This brief diagnostic note identifies a cognitive pathology, Brain Overclaim Syndrome [BOS], that often afflicts those inflamed by the fascinating new discoveries in the neurosciences. It begins by suggesting how one should think about the relation of neuroscience (or any other material explanation of human behavior) to criminal responsibility, distinguishing between internal and external critiques based on neuroscience. It then describes the signs and symptoms of BOS, the essential feature of which is to make claims about the implications of neuroscience for criminal responsibility that cannot be conceptually or empirically sustained. It then applies the diagnostic lens of BOS to the claims in Roper v. Simmons. Finally, the article recommends Cognitive Jurotherapy [CJ] as the therapy of choice for BOS.
Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in Escherichia coli in the absence of phospholipid synthesis and release of inhibition by thioesterase action.

The effects of inhibition of Escherichia coli phospholipid synthesis on the accumulation of intermediates of the fatty acid synthetic pathway have been previously investigated with conflicting results. We report construction of an E. coli strain that allows valid [14C]acetate labeling of fatty acids under these conditions. In this strain, acetate is a specific precursor of fatty acid synthesis and the intracellular acetate pools are not altered by blockage of phospholipid synthesis. By use of this strain, we show that significant pools of fatty acid synthetic intermediates and free fatty acids accumulate during inhibition of phospholipid synthesis and that the rate of synthesis of these intermediates is 10 to 20% of the rate at which fatty acids are synthesized during normal growth. Free fatty acids of abnormal chain length (e.g., cis-13-eicosenoic acid) were found to accumulate in glycerol-starved cultures. Analysis of extracts of [35S]methionine-labeled cells showed that glycerol starvation resulted in the accumulation of several long-chain acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) species, with the major species being ACP acylated with cis-13-eicosenoic acid. Upon the restoration of phospholipid biosynthesis, the abnormally long-chain acyl-ACPs decreased, consistent with transfer of the acyl groups to phospholipid. The introduction of multicopy plasmids that greatly overproduced either E. coli thioesterase I or E. coli thioesterase II fully relieved the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis seen upon glycerol starvation, whereas overexpression of ACP had no effect. Thioesterase I overproduction also resulted in disappearance of the long-chain acyl-ACP species. The release of inhibition by thiosterase overproduction, together with the correlation between the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the presence of abnormally long-chain acyl-ACPs, suggests with that these acyl-ACP species may act as feedback inhibitors of a key fatty acid synthetic enzyme(s).
Properties of Cryptosystem PGM

A cryptographic system, called PGM, was invented in the late 1970's by S. Magliveras. PGM is based on the prolific existence of certain kinds of factorization sets, called logarithmic signatures, for finite permutation groups. Logarithmic signatures were initially motivated by C. Sims' bases and strong generators. Statistical properties of random number generators based on PGM have been investigated in [7], [8] and show PGM to be statistically robust. In this paper we present recent results on the algebraic properties of PGM. PGM is an endomorphic cryptosystem in which the message space is Z|G|, for a given finite permutation group G. We show that the set of PGM transformations TG is not closed under functional composition and hence not a group. This set is 2-transitive on Z|G| if the underlying group G is not hamiltonian. Moreover, if |G| ? 2a, then the set of transformations contains an odd permutation. An important consequence of the above results is that the group generated by the set of transformations is nearly always the full symmetric group.
Laboratory testing of converging flow flat oval tees and laterals to determine loss coefficients (RP-1488)

Pressure loss coefficients were measured for several converging flow straight body flat oval tees and laterals in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 120-2008 (ASHRAE 2008). The aspect ratio for both main and branch ducts was varied from 2.2 to 3.8 using combinations of three main duct sizes and four branch duct sizes. A logarithmic model was used to correlate branch and main loss coefficients as functions of branch-to-common and main-to-common flow rate ratio, respectively, and pertinent geometry characteristics of the fitting. Uncertainty analysis was performed on the measured experimental data. Coefficient of determination values ranged from 0.60 to 0.82.
Towards a Content-Based Material Science Discovery Network

Many publicly available databases exist for managing materials scientific data. These databases contain in- formation from a wide variety of work, and the infor- mation is typically encoded in some proprietary format aimed at highlighting the goals of their particular back- grounds and purposes. In order to accelerate the rate at which new materials are discovered, these databases must be federated to provide materials scientists with the means to efficiently access large quantities of highly relevant data. This position paper advocates the design of a content-based material science discovery network that can allow for more intelligent reasoning over the databases than current implementations can afford. We will discuss the gains of using a hierarchical ontology for describing metadata that captures the various layers of the materials science domain. We will then discuss our approach in a content-based networking context.
The Organization of Perception and Action: A Theory for Language and Other Cognitive Skills

1. Theoretical Antecedents.- 2. The Structure of Perception and Action.- 3. The Sequencing of Action.- 4. Perceptual Sequencing and Higher Level Activation.- 5. The Temporal Organization of Perception and Action.- 6. Asymmetries Between Perception and Action.- 7. The Functions of Mental Nodes.- 8. Self-Inhibition and the Recovery Cycle.- 9. Perceptual Feedback in the Detection and Correction of Errors.- 10. Disruptive Effects of Feedback.- Epilogue.- References.- Index of Names.
Minimal spanning trees

The main result is that a recursive weighted graph having a minimal spanning tree has a minimal spanning tree that is Δ 0 2. This leads to a proof of the failure of a conjecture of Clote and Hirst (1998) concerning Reverse Mathematics and minimal spanning trees.
The use of adherence aids by adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional survey

Background Adherence with medication taking is a major barrier to physiologic control in diabetes and many strategies for improving adherence are in use. We sought to describe the use of mnemonic devices and other adherence aids by adults with diabetes and to investigate their association with control of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension.
A PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC EXPERIMENT IN A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR DELINQUENT BOYS

In a study employing a double-blind design, the behavior of institutionalized delinquent boys receiving either dextro-amphetamine, placebo or no treatment was rated by cottage parents, teachers and peers. On each measure the drug-treated subjects proved superior to both control groups. The highest dosage (40 mg. per day) produced one significant side effect, weight loss. On discontinuation of medication, both behavior and weight moved toward control levels.
Coordination in Large Numbers: An Agent-Based Model of International Negotiations

How do states solve n- choice cooperation problems? Although classical game theory offers useful insights into how states achieve cooperation, its focus on equilibria means that it is largely silent on the processes of negotiation, particularly when multiple solutions to a cooperation problem exist. To explore the path histories of international cooperation, this article uses an agent-based model to explore how states solve a coordination game with three equilibria. To further enrich the analysis, the model explores how domestic constraints may affect coordination games. Such state-level constraints may present negotiators with considerable informational costs and high barriers to understanding each other's preferences. The model finds that the process of communicating preferences can greatly affect the prospects for cooperation, independent of distributional consequences and concerns about cheating. It also finds that, contrary to collective goods theory, a large number of states coordinate a solution to the problem easier than small groups. This is because larger groups create denser networks that communicate preferences more efficiently. The agent-based model thus illustrates how simulation as a method can challenge our extant thinking about cooperation among nation-states. These findings have implications for research on interstate coordination, since it suggests transnational linkages may help states overcome information barriers that frustrate agreements.
Constraining the topology of reionization through Lyα absorption

The reionization of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is a crucial landmark in the history of the Universe, but the processes through which it occurs remain mysterious. In particular, recent numerical and analytic work suggest that reionization by stellar sources is driven by large-scale density fluctuations and must be inhomogeneous on scales of many comoving Mpc. We examine the prospects for constraining the topology of neutral and ionized gas through Lya absorption of high-redshift sources. One method is to search for gaps in the Gunn-Peterson absorption troughs of luminous sources. These could occur if the line of sight passes sufficiently close to the centre of a large HII region. In contrast to previous work, we find a non-negligible (though still small) probability of observing such a gap before reionization is complete. In our model the transmission spike at z = 6.08 in the spectrum of SDSS J1148+5251 does not necessarily require overlap to have been completed at an earlier epoch. We also examine the IGM damping wing absorption of the Lya emission lines of star-forming galaxies. Because most galaxies sit inside of large H II regions, we find that the severity of absorption is significantly smaller than previously thought and decoupled from the properties of the observed galaxy. While this limits our ability to constrain the mean neutral fraction of the IGM from observations of individual galaxies, it presents the exciting possibility of measuring the size distribution and evolution of the ionized bubbles by examining the distribution of damping wing optical depths in a large sample of galaxies.