cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theorems in pure mathematics can be proved right but the models used in applied mathematics, natural and social science, as well as in engineering, can at most be “not yet proved wrong”

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences might seem a strange place to publish this commentary, of which the title expresses a familiar widely accepted idea in epistemology—the theory of knowledge. The reason I write here is that I have lately heard talks and read papers by Earth scientists, who while working in science, gave me the impression that they think of their work as having a property characteristic only of pure mathematics. They claim that they have proved their results right. Reviewers, program managers, and editors of published work containing those claims appear to adopt a similar position. I offer this commentary for publication here because I think that it can be useful for both the Earth scientists who think that they have proved their results right and for the rest of us if we can all recognize and make use of the distinction of the title. Pure mathematics has been made entirely by humans. In contrast applied mathematics, engineering, and the sciences, all of which represent a second category of human activity, involve the properties of the universe which humans have encountered since we first evolved but which, because we did not make the universe, we can never fully understand. Paradoxically we cannot get very far in interpreting the universe without applying results and formulations from pure mathematics. The most significant difference between pure mathematics and models constructed in the second category is that while theorems in pure mathematics can be proved right, models in the second category can only either be proved wrong or not yet proved wrong. Our models are falsifiable. Those of us working in the second category have the task of building models and of testing those models. We know that all our models will eventually, because of new understanding, be shown to be wrong. The …
Putting Women in Their Place: Gender, Sex, and Rape in The Tudors

In a troubling scene from The Tudors: King Takes Queen (2008), a novel of Season Two of Showtime’s The Tudors written by the series’ creator and writer, Michael Hirst, and Elizabeth Massie, Sir Thomas Wyatt, poet and courtier, seeks to seduce a devoutly Catholic lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, Lady Elizabeth Derrell. As Lady Elizabeth attempts to refuse Wyatt’s advances, insisting that she has done nothing to provoke his desire, he begins, nevertheless, both to tell her that she has indeed provoked it and physically to act on her provocation:
Can We Solve Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease with Better Imaging Technology? Commentary on an article by Harry K.W. Kim, MD, MS, et al.: "Assessment of Femoral Head Revascularization in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Using Serial Perfusion MRI".

A better understanding of the revascularization process during Legg-Calve-Perthes disease has been desired for decades by many pediatric orthopaedic surgeons who have been seeking to improve on the natural history of the disease but have been limited in their ability to determine the prognosis of the disease on the basis of the initial radiographic appearance. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the initial stage of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease has shown promise as a prognostic indicator of outcome. This interesting paper by Kim et al. focuses on the rate and patterns of revascularization of femoral heads in the active stage of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease using serial perfusion MRI, shedding light on this important topic. Serial perfusion MRI is a relatively new tool with which to better understand the process of revascularization after osteonecrosis in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Building upon previous findings is the best way to arrive at a better understanding of any process. Although bone scintigraphy has been used previously to determine different revascularization patterns1,2, perfusion …
Impact of Health Care Funding on overall Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance.

Abstract 3821 Introduction: The impact of socioeconomic status on patients with cancer has been previously reported. Health care funding improves access to care and thus outcome. There is little information on the impact of health care funding on hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma. Objectives: To analyze the effect of health care funding on the survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) in North Louisiana. A retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma/MGUS and treated at Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport, LA between the years 1997 and 2010 was completed. Methods: Electronic medical records from our hospital and Social Security Death Index were used to identify patients and to define patient characteristics, demographic factors, medical funding source and date of death. Medical funding was defined as being funded (Medicaid, Medicare or private insurance) or non-funded (free care or self pay). Descriptive statistics, Product-Limit methods were used to estimate survival and Log rank test was used to compare the survival difference for each factor. Result: 257 patients were reviewed, of which 208 had multiple myeloma and 49 had MGUS. Median age of patients with MGUS and MM was 59 years and 60 years respectively (range 30–93).There were 92 (37%) Caucasians and 165 (63%) African Americans, 114 (44%) male and 143 (56%) female patients, and 177 (69%) were funded and 80 (31%) were non-funded. Of the patients with MM, 49 (23.5%) were stage 1, 23 (11%) were stage 2, 95 (45.6%) were stage 3A and 41 (19.7%) were stage 3B disease. The 5-year survival for MM was 60% and 42% for funded and non-funded patients respectively (p=0.03). The 5-year survival for MGUS was 95% and 62% for funded and non-funded patients respectively (p=0.012). Funded patients with MM had an overall survival of 6.2 years while it was 3.8 years for the non-funded (p=0.012). The survival difference relative to race and sex was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that patients with multiple myeloma and MGUS with funding have statistically significant increased overall survival compared to patients with no funding. Presumably patients with funding have better access to medical care, which would allow for earlier diagnosis, more effective therapy of smaller tumor burden and access to all therapeutic options. Lead time bias could contribute to some of the improved survival but is doubtful. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the impact of health funding on the survival of patients with multiple myeloma and MGUS, however validation with a larger prospective study is needed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
High-Speed IO Design

This chapter explores common methods and circuit architectures used to transmit and receive data through off-chip links.
The Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on the US Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis

While it is often expedient to assess the impact of an agricultural program on just the agricultural sectors of the economy, any inferences drawn run the risk of being inaccurate because of the interrelationships between these sectors and the rest of the US economy. For example, the interactions between supply and demand, both within the markets for agricultural commodities as well as between these markets and the rest of the economy, are quite significant (Harrington, et al. 1986). Given these interrelationships, the use of a computable general equilibrium approach to modelling the effects of an agricultural program is a logical decision. In what follows, the aggregate impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program will be assessed using such an approach.
Cognitive functioning over 2 years after intracerebral hemorrhage in school-aged children

Aim Previous research investigating outcomes after pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has generally been limited to global and sensorimotor outcomes. This study examined cognitive outcomes after spontaneous ICH in school-aged children with serial assessments over 2 years after stroke. Method Seven children (age range 6–16y, median 13; six males, one female; 57% white, 43% black) presenting with spontaneous ICH (six arteriovenous malformations) were assessed at 3 months, 12 months, and 24 months after stroke. The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) quantified neurological outcome and Wechsler Intelligence Scales measured cognitive outcomes: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. Results PSOM scales showed improved neurological function over the first 12 months, with mild to no sensorimotor deficits and moderate overall deficits at 1- and 2-year follow-ups (median 2-year sensorimotor PSOM=0.5, total PSOM=1.5). Changes in cognitive function indicated a different trajectory; verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning improved over 24 months; low performance was sustained in processing speed and working memory. Age-normed centile scores decreased between 1- and 2-year follow-ups for working memory, suggesting emerging deficits compared with peers. Interpretation Early and serial cognitive testing in children with ICH is needed to assess cognitive functioning and support children in school as they age and cognitive deficits become more apparent and important for function. What this paper adds In children with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), motor function improved between 3 months and 24 months. Improvements in cognitive function were variable between 3 months and 24 months. Working memory centiles declined, suggesting emerging deficits compared with peers. Processing speed improved but remained significantly below the 50th centile. Cognitive impact of ICH may increase with age in children.
Accelerated tests of catalyst coking: What do they tell us?

Accelerated coking was brought about by coke-generating additives of different types, from straight-chain hydrocarbons to multi-ring hydrocarbons, and at various levels. A bench-scale apparatus was used, with simultaneous detection of weight gain (using a microbalance) and product yield (using a gas chromatograph). The base case used was cumene cracking over a rare-earth-exchanged Y zeolite, pre-steamed. The rate of coke deposition and the activity of the catalyst were quantified for the various types and levels of additives. The parameters used to discuss the results include the maximum coke deposition level, M and the rate constants, k1, k2, for the two-step autocatalytic (or initiation/propagation) coking process.
Managing the pain of traumatic injury.

Managing the pain of traumatic injuries is a complex issue that requires careful attention to the type of injuries, patient situation, goals of therapy, and stage of care (i.e. resuscitation, acute care, rehabilitation). This article discusses some of those important factors and areas in need of further research.
Reducing the Cranial CT Rate for Pediatric Minor Head Trauma at Three Community Hospitals.

Objective Efforts to reduce the rate of computerized cranial tomography (CT) in pediatric patients with minor head trauma (MHT) have focused on academic medical centers. However, community hospitals deliver the majority of pediatric emergency care. We aimed to reduce cranial CT utilization in patients presenting with MHT at 3 community hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods Multidisciplinary stakeholder teams at each site oversaw the quality improvement effort, which included education about an evidence-based guideline for MHT and individual provider feedback on CT rates. Given the variation in hospital structure, we tailored the specifics of the intervention to each site. We used statistical process control methodology to measure CT rates over time. The primary balancing measure was returned to the ED within 72 hours with clinically important traumatic brain injury. Results We included 3,215 pediatric ED visits for MHT: 1,253 in the baseline period and 1,962 in the intervention period. The CT rate dropped from 18% in the baseline period to 13% in the intervention period, a 28% relative reduction. Pediatric providers saw 72% of the intervention period encounters and drove this reduction. There was no increase in the number of children who returned to their local ED within 72 hours with clinically important traumatic brain injury. Conclusions We safely reduced the proportion of children with MHT who received a cranial CT through a multicenter community ED quality improvement initiative. We did not see an increase in missed clinically important traumatic brain injury.
Structural and behavioral analysis reveals that Insomniac impacts sleep by functioning as a Cul3 adaptor

Abstract The insomniac (inc) gene is required for normal sleep in Drosophila and encodes a conserved BTB protein that is a putative adaptor for the Cullin-3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase. Here we test whether Inc serves as a Cul3 adaptor by generating mutant forms of Inc and assessing their biochemical properties and physiological activity in vivo. We show that the N-terminal BTB domain of Inc is necessary and sufficient for Inc self-association and interactions with Cul3. Inc point mutations that weaken interactions with Cul3 impair the ability of Inc to rescue the sleep deficits of inc mutants, indicating that Cul3-Inc binding is critical for Inc function in vivo. Deletions of the conserved Inc C-terminus preserve Inc-Inc and Inc-Cul3 interactions but abolish Inc activity in vivo, implicating the Inc C-terminus as an effector domain that recruits Inc substrates. Mutation of a conserved C-terminal arginine similarly abolishes Inc function, suggesting that this residue is vital for the recruitment or ubiquitination of Inc targets. Mutation of the same residue in the human Inc ortholog KCTD17 is associated with myoclonic dystonia, indicating its functional importance in Inc family members. Finally, we show that Inc assembles into multimeric Cul3-Inc complexes in vivo and that depleting Cul3 causes accumulation of Inc, suggesting that Inc is negatively regulated by Cul3-dependent autocatalytic ubiquitination, a hallmark of Cullin adaptors. Our findings implicate Inc as a Cul3 adaptor and provide tools to identify the targets of Inc family proteins that impact sleep and neurological disorders.
Prometheus and the Process of Individuation

Prometheus and the Process of Individuation: A Jungian Reading of Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound
Witnessing Birth, Giving Birth, Researching Birth, Bettering Birth.

While the physiology of biological events such as conception, birth, and breastfeeding are largely identical across time, geography, and culture, the practices that shape women’s experiences of con...
Does Telemedicine Save Lives? Evidence on the Effect of Telemedicine Parity Laws on Mortality Rates

Between 1995 and 2018, just over half of the U.S. states enacted laws requiring private insurance plans cover medical care provided remotely using various technologies. These telemedicine parity laws likely increase health care access, particularly in areas with few providers, by granting patients access to specialists or primary care providers located elsewhere. The effect of these laws on health outcomes is ambiguous. We estimate the effect of telemedicine parity laws on mortality rates of all causes and for causes of death due to conditions more frequently treated with telemedicine. We find declines in mortality rates post-parity laws, driven by decreases in ischemic heart disease deaths. Our results suggest that relaxing current telemedicine regulations in programs such as Medicare might improve patient outcomes.
1.20 – Melanopsin Cells

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a relatively recently discovered novel class of photoreceptor in the vertebrate retina. The photopigment melanopsin confers photosensitivity upon these cells. ipRGCs mediate nonvisual effects of light. The anatomy, physiology, and function of these cells are described herein.
Chapter 7 – Micro- and Nanomachining

Advances in miniaturization have led to the understanding and development of small scale components that require advanced machining techniques in order to achieve the tolerances and feature sizes required at the micro and nanoscales. The chapter focuses on general machining effects, size effects, nanomachining processes, and a comparison between machining at the micro and nanoscales. An explanation of how size effects at the microscale affects the removal of material and its implications on shaping material at ever diminishing scales is provided.
Hollow Silica Particles: A Novel Strategy for Cost Reduction.

Thermal insulation materials are highly sought after for applications such as building envelopes, refrigerators, cryogenic fuel storage chambers, and water supply piping. However, current insulation materials either do not provide sufficient insulation or are costly. A new class of insulation materials, hollow silica particles, has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential to provide a very high degree of thermal insulation. However, current synthesis strategies provide hollow silica particles at very low yields and at high cost, thus, making the particles unsuitable for real-world applications. In the present work, a synthesis process that produces hollow silica particles at very high yields and at a lower cost is presented. The effect of an infrared heat absorber, carbon black, on the thermal conductivity of hollow silica particles is also investigated and it is inferred that a carbon black–hollow silica particle mixture can be a better insulating material than hollow silica particles alone.
Signal interruption in Baldwin City: Filling a communication vacuum in a small town “news desert”:

This research sought to understand how the loss of a local newspaper impacts the community. Focus groups were conducted among a purposive sample of community leaders. The overall consensus was that...
Bioenergetics of proline oxidation and related processes in plant mitochondria

89 INTRODUCTION 90 MATERIALS AND METHODS 92 Oxygen uptake and mitochondrial swelling 92 Isolation and assay of P5C reductase from etiolated barley shoots 93 Experiments with barley leaves 94 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 95 Mitochondrial experiments 95 Experiments with green leaves 101 LITERATURE CITED 112
Chapter 3. Pharmacological Approaches to Maintaining and Improving Waking Functions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses pharmacological approaches in maintaining and improving memory functions. There are a few new structures with possible facilitatory effects on performance and acquisition. Piracetam 1 is reported to be active especially in anoxic environments. The hydrochloride of 3-[2-(benzylmethylamino) ethyl] benzoic acid methyl ester is reported to facilitate acquisition in rats and improve retention in man. The cognitive functioning decreases as the age advances. One approach to the development of pharmacological agents for use in elderly patients is based on the possibility that cellular respiratory homeostasis is altered because of cerebrovascular insufficiency and/or inefficient oxygen utilization in neuronal tissue. Recently, it was reported that cognitively impaired elderly patients were treated successfully with oxygen therapy. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are reported effective in increasing performance measures and cognitive functioning in some patients diagnosed as hyperkinetic. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is believed to be a neurotransmitter having inhibitory effects on memory processes. There are indications that the aradoxical sleep (PS) cycle may be associated with memory or consolidation processes. Certain CNS stimulants, such as strychnine, pentylenettetrazol, and amphetamine have been shown to enhance acquisition-retention processes in animals. However, conclusive evidence for pharmacological enhancement of these processes in humans is still lacking.
The antral follicle count predicts the outcome of pregnancy in a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation/intrauterine insemination program.

Purpose:Our purpose was to test whether age-related changes in antral follicle counts can predict the pregnancy outcome in the early follicular phase of a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation/intrauterine insemination (COH/IUI) program.
Variations between obese Latinos and whites in weight-related counseling during preventive clinical visits in the United States.

Objective To examine rate differences and explanatory factors for lifestyle counseling to obese Latinos versus non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in U.S. outpatient settings. Design and Methods The 2009 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data assessed the provision of weight-related lifestyle counseling during general medical exam visits (n = 688) by obese Latino and NHW adults. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to identify the fraction of the overall ethnic difference in counseling rate explained by a selection of measured variables based on the Anderson-Newman-Aday behavioral model were used. Results Although weight-related lifestyle counseling rates were low in both ethnic groups, the rate among obese Latinos (51.3%) was significantly higher than among NHWs (35.8%) (P = 0.03), with 60% of the difference explained by observed factors. Enabling factors such as provider specialty, metropolitan statistical area, practice type, and provider employment type contributed the most to higher counseling rates among Latinos, whereas geographic region, continuity of care, and health insurance were enabling factors that, along with the predisposing factor of sex, contributed the most in the opposite direction. Conclusions Obese Latinos are more likely to receive weight-related counseling during general medical exams than do NHWs, which is partly explained by physician practice and patient factors.
Abstract T P287: The Utility of Depression Screening in the Acute Stroke Hospitalization

Background: The importance of early recognition and treatment of post stroke depression (PSD) has led to recommendations for depression screening during the acute stroke admission. We studied the utility of PSD screening during acute stroke admissions using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) by (a) determining the prevalence of positive depression screen during admission and (b) calculating the level of agreement between positive screens during admission and outpatient follow-up. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients discharged 1/2013 - 12/2013 with principal discharge diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage excluding patients who died during admission. PSD screening was systematically performed using the 4-item PHQ (PHQ-4) administered to patients on the stroke service by midlevel providers. Positive screen was defined as PHQ-2 subscore ≥3. At outpatient follow up, the 9-item PHQ (PHQ-9) was administered by patient questionnaire. Results: Of 718 patients, acute phase PHQ-4 data was available for 50% (358), 14% were not assessed due to drowsiness or aphasia, 2% were both admitted and discharged on weekends, and 21% were admitted to non-stroke services. Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups with and without PHQ data with higher rates of hemorrhagic strokes, longer ICU stay, and worse discharge mRS in the group without PHQ data. The median time from admission to PHQ-4 was 3 days. The screen was positive in 4.7% (17/358, 95% CI 2.8% - 7.5%). Outpatient follow-up occurred in 55% (396/718) patients a median of 34 days postdischarge and 260 had PHQ-9 data. Of these, 20.8% (54/260, 95% CI 16.0% - 26.2%) screened positive using PHQ-2. There were 158 patients who had PHQ-2 data from both acute and follow up phases, 1.9% (3/158) of these screened positive in the acute phase and an additional 15.8% (25/158) who screened negative in the acute phase converted to positive at follow up. Conclusion: Systematic screening for PSD using PHQ-2 in acute phase of stroke identified few patients with depression and there was subsequent conversion to a positive screen at follow up. PSD screening in acute in-hospital phase does not appear to be cost efficient utilization of inpatient resources.
Out of the Shadows: Testimonio as Civic Participation

This article draws from a 23-month ethnographic study of mixed-status families living in an emerging Latino/a community to examine 3 undocumented mothers’ participation in the act of giving testimonio, or testimony. In this context, testimonio serves as a grassroots tactic for political advocacy and community formation that compensates for and reacts against the limited opportunities for civic participation afforded noncitizens. The findings indicate that giving testimonio in both public and domestic settings constitutes a form of civic participation in which undocumented mothers actually attempt to move out of the shadows and into a more public domain.
A planar circuit design for high order sub-harmonic mixers

A planar circuit design technique is presented that results in relatively low conversion loss for sub-harmonic mixers using high-order LO harmonic frequencies. The design method results in conversion losses from 15 to 20 dB for LO frequencies ranging from the 3/sup rd/ to the 9/sup th/ sub-harmonic for signal frequencies up to W-Band. Measured data agrees closely to the simulated results for a 25 GHz, 3/sup rd/ and 5/sup th/ sub-harmonic prototype. The resulting conversion loss of these designs is not sensitive to the harmonic number used and provides a simple, commercially viable, planar approach to high frequency mixer design.
Top-k Algorithms and Applications

In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in developing effective techniques for ad-hoc search and retrieval in relational databases, document and multimedia databases, scientific information systems, and so on. A popular paradigm for tackling this problem is top-k querying, i.e., the ranking of the results and returning the k results with the highest scores. Numerous variants of the top-k retrieval problem and several algorithms have been introduced in recent years. In this tutorial we shall discuss the top-k problem in detail, especially the fundamental algorithms such as FA and TA, important variants such as algorithms operating under restricted sorted/random access, deterministic and probabilistic approximations, as well as distributed and streaming top-k computations. A significant portion of the tutorial will be focused on applications of these top-k algorithms, especially in the context of the Web services and online databases, multimedia, documents and relational databases.
Correlated Discharge among Cell Pairs within the Oculomotor Horizontal Velocity-to-Position Integrator

In the oculomotor system, temporal integration of velocity commands into position signals may depend on synaptic feedback among neurons of a bilateral brainstem cell assembly known as the "neural integrator." Both ipsilateral excitatory and contralateral inhibitory projections between eye position-related integrator cells are hypothesized as a substrate for positive feedback supporting integration. Presence of feedback interactions should be evident in cross-correlation functions of neuron pairs. Here, unilateral and bilateral paired recordings were obtained during fixation behavior from neurons in goldfish brainstem area I, a key element of the integrator. During fixations, discharge of most unilateral pairs, composed of cells with eye position sensitivities of the same sign, was positively correlated with lag of 0-10 msec (n = 11 of 14 significant). Typically, a very narrow peak (mean half-width <4 msec) near zero lag was observed. Discharge of bilateral pairs, composed of cells with position sensitivities of the opposite sign, was either negatively correlated with lag of 0-10 msec (n = 5 of 13 significant) or not correlated. Troughs in negative correlations always had minima between 3 and 5 msec lag. These results are consistent with the feedback hypothesis of temporal integration, highlighting excitation unilaterally and inhibition bilaterally. Absence of visual input did not weaken correlations, but other sources of correlated input extrinsic to area I were not ruled out. Triplet recordings revealed that unilateral pairwise correlations were primarily independent. Correlation between unilateral pairs systematically decreased with increasing eye position, demonstrating that synchrony is not necessary for persistent activity at high firing rates.
Libraries and Tumblr: a quantitative analysis

Purpose – This study aims to determine how Tumblr is being used by libraries and special collections/archives in the USA through quantitative analysis. Design/methodology/approach – Data on library Tumblr blogs were collected at three points during a one-year period and included library type, start date, number of posts, average posts per day, type of post and other descriptive information. Findings – There is a growing library presence on the social media site Tumblr. The results shows adoption of the social media platform by multiple library types: academic, public, special collections/digital libraries, library organizations and other library/archives. Research limitations/implications – A major challenge is in the identification and discovery of all libraries on Tumblr, especially as the number of Tumblr blogs created by libraries of all types continues to grow. Practical implications – Results of this analysis should prove useful for both libraries and special collections already using Tumblr as well...
Fifteen-year survival and osteolysis associated with a modular posterior stabilized knee replacement. A concise follow-up of a previous report.

Abstract: We report the results of a consecutive series of total knee arthroplasties with use of a modular posterior stabilized prosthesis after a mean follow-up of twelve years (range, ten to eighteen years). In the five years since the original publication of our study, two additional knees were revised; one was revised for aseptic loosening and one, for polyethylene wear with tibial osteolysis. With mechanical failure as an end point, the fifteen-year survival was 96.8%. With failure defined as any reoperation, the fifteen-year survival was 90.6%. Osteolysis occurred in eight of the 117 knees with a minimum ten-year follow-up. With the relatively small number of subjects, no significant association was identified between polyethylene thickness or sterilization method and osteolysis. A significant association was identified between younger patient age and osteolysis. We continue to routinely implant a similar modular posterior stabilized total knee prosthesis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clients' secret keeping in outpatient therapy.

This research investigated the relation between clients' self-reported secret keeping in therapy and symptomatology. Therapy outpatients at a community hospital (N 42) completed surveys that asked them to list relevant secrets that they were keeping from their therapists and their reasons for doing so. Over 40% of the clients reported keeping a relevant secret in therapy, and the most frequently listed reason was that they were afraid to express feelings. After adjusting for clients' initial symptomatology, tendency to keep secrets in general, and social desirability scores, the analyses showed that keeping secrets in therapy was a significant predictor of having fewer symptoms. The results support a self-presentational perspective on secret keeping in counseling and suggest that clients may benefit from hiding some undesirable aspects of themselves from their therapists.
Mental Stress and the Cardiovascular System Part IV. Chronic Mental Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: Depression and Anxiety

Abstract In this portion of our series on mental stress and the cardiovascular system, we review the roles that depression and anxiety play in the development, progression, and outcome of coronary artery disease. Depression, in the immediate post-myocardial infarction period, is an important risk factor for subsequent unfavorable cardiac events during the 1- or 2-year period following infarction. In long-term follow-up, preliminary findings suggest that depressive symptoms identify subjects at increased risk for coronary heart disease. Epidemiologic evidence is lacking to demonstrate that patients with anxiety-related psychiatric illness have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than their less anxious counterparts. Depression and anxiety, of course, warrant treatment independent of their impact on coronary artery disease. Also, aspects of these psychiatric illnesses may mimic clinical features of coronary artery disease or may develop following the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease.
The impact of fair colonoscopy preparation on colonoscopy use and adenoma miss rates in patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy

Background The impact of fair bowel preparation on endoscopists' recommendations and adenoma miss rates in average-risk patients undergoing colonoscopy is unknown. Objective To assess the impact of fair bowel preparation on endoscopists' interval colonoscopy recommendations and miss rates in colonoscopies performed within 3 years of the index colonoscopy in average-risk patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary-care center. Patients Average-risk patients undergoing index colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening between 2004 and 2006. Intervention Colonoscopy. Main Outcome Measurements Endoscopists' interval recommendations, adenoma miss rates. Results A total of 16,251 colonoscopy records were reviewed over a 2-year period. Of these cases, 1943 colonoscopies were performed for the sole indication of average risk or screening . Of these, fair bowel preparation was reported in 619 patients (31.9%). A repeat colonoscopy within 5 years was recommended in 70.4% of patients. The follow-up colonoscopy compliance rate within 3 years was 55.9%. Adenoma detection rates at index and follow-up colonoscopy were 20.5% and 28.2%, respectively. Of the 39 patients with follow-up colonoscopy within 3 years, the overall adenoma miss rate was 28%. Of the patients with an adenoma identified on follow-up colonoscopy, 13.6% had normal colonoscopy results on index examination. Limitations Retrospective design. Conclusion Fair bowel preparation led to a deviation from national guidelines with early repeat colonoscopy follow-up recommendations in nearly 60% of average-risk patients with normal colonoscopy results. In patients who returned for repeat colonoscopy within 3 years, the overall adenoma miss rate was 28%. Further guidelines on timing for repeat colonoscopy for fair bowel preparation are needed.
An electrophoretic survey of the genus Tetraselmis (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)

Abstract A survey of the algal genus Tetraselmis (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) was conducted using starch gel enzyme electrophoresis. Thirteen enzyme loci were resolved and scored, of which nine were invariant among strains. Phenotypes at the four variable loci, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-1, glutamate–oxaloacetic transaminase-2, malate dehydrogenase-1, and peptidase-3, were strongly linked. Two groups, to which 58 of 66 strains were clearly assignable, could be constructed on the basis of the electrophoretic results. These groups do not appear to correlate with ecological, geographic or physiological characters and may have taxonomic significance. A number of strains had electrophoretic phenotypes characteristic of heterozygotes, and presumably were therefore diploid. This could indicate the occurrence of sexual reproduction, heretofore unknown in the class Prasinophyceae.
The social context of imitation in infancy.

Abstract Infants increasingly generalize deferred imitation across environmental contexts between 6 and 18 months of age. In three experiments with 126 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 18-month-olds, we examined the role of the social context in deferred imitation. One experimenter demonstrated target actions on a hand puppet, and a second experimenter tested imitation 24 h later. When the second experimenter was novel, infants did not exhibit deferred imitation at any age; when infants were preexposed to the second experimenter, all of them did. Imitating immediately after the demonstration also facilitated deferred imitation in a novel social context at all ages but 6 months. Infants’ pervasive failure to exhibit deferred imitation in a novel social context may reflect evolutionary selection pressures that favored conservative behavior in social animals.
Maternal Embodiment: A Conversation Between Rosemary Balsam and Adrienne Harris

On May 6, 2011, New York University Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis presented a special colloquium on the maternal body. This colloquium featured a public dialogue, a semistructured conversation between Rosemary Balsam and Adrienne Harris, exploring psychoanalytic understandings of images and experiences of the maternal body. The conversation wove chaos, gender, feminist and psychoanalytic theories with the speakers’ respective intellectual autobiographies. Asking each other questions about culture, generation, medicine, politics, and ideology, the dialogue took shape around how these categories were lived by the 2 analysts and how they helped form how Balsam and Harris conceptualized femininity, gender, and embodiment. This format highlighted differences and spaces of integration. We are delighted to provide the transcript of this stimulating public dialogue here.
Remarks on diffusive-link synchronization using non-Hilbert logarithmic norms

In this paper, we sketch recent results for synchronization in a network of identical ODE models which are diffusively interconnected. In particular, we provide estimates of convergence of the difference in states between components, in the cases of line, complete, and star graphs, and Cartesian products of such graphs.
Initiation of Glycogen Synthesis in Yeast: REQUIREMENT OF MULTIPLE TYROSINE RESIDUES FOR FUNCTION OF THE SELF-GLUCOSYLATING Glg PROTEINS IN VIVO*

Abstract The self-glucosylating proteins, Glg1p and Glg2p, are required for glycogen synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Cheng, C., Mu., J., Farkas, I., Huang, D., Goebl M. G., and Roach, P. J. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 6632-6640). Glg2p was shown to be associated with carbohydrate in vivo and was released from the high molecular weight glycogen fraction by treatment with α-amylase. In addition, some Glg2p exists as a protein of Mr ∼43,000, whose proportion is increased in cells lacking glycogen synthase. Unlike the mammalian counterpart, glycogenin, the yeast Glg proteins appear to require multiple Tyr residues for functionality. In Glg2p, mutation of both Tyr230 and Tyr232 is necessary to suppress self-glucosylation of purified protein in vitro. The mutant protein is still capable of transferring glucose to an exogeneous acceptor, n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside. A small COOH-terminal region, conserved between Glg1p and Glg2p, is also important for function; mutation of Tyr367 or truncation at residue 362 impairs the ability of primed Glg2p to be elongated by glycogen synthase. Complete suppression of glycogen accumulation in vivo requires mutation of all three Tyr residues. In Glg1p, two Tyr residues are implicated, Tyr232 and Tyr600, mutation of both being required to eliminate glycogen accumulation in vivo.
Carl Paxson Sherwin, American pioneer in drug metabolism.

(1992). Carl Paxson Sherwin, American Pioneer in Drug Metabolism. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 493-530.
Transport and distribution of rhenium-188 in the central nervous system.

Abstract The radionuclide rhenium-188 was administered by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion to adult mongrel cats. The choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle through which the perfusion was initiated concentrated rhenium-188 to a level 80 times that of the surrounding cortex, and 26 times greater than the ingoing perfusion fluid. The biological half-life of the radionuclide in the choroid plexus was 1.5–2 hr. The administration of 800 μCi of rhenium-188 with 0.4 ml Lugol's solution decreased the choroid plexus extraction of rhenium-188 to 39.5% of the infused dose, and increased the amount of detectable activity in the outflow to 25% of the ingoing activity. Pretreatment with 10–125 mg of potassium perchlorate caused a decrease in the outflow concentration of rhenium-188 to 50% of the inflow counts, and reduced the choroid plexus extraction to 2%. When 20 mg of stable potassium perrhenate was administered, the activity of rhenium-188 in the cisternal fluid increased to 25% of the inflow activity. Two weeks after the administration of 800 μCi doses of rhenium-188, CSF formation rate was 56% of the original, and at 4 months, it was 45% of the initial formation rate. Control cats perfused only with artificial CSF showed no change in formation rate after a 2 week interval.
Subcutectic Densification and Second‐Phase Formation in Al2O3‐Cao

The early and intermediate stages of densification of alumina containing calcia were examined at subeutectic temperatures. Up to 0.15 wt% calcia causes a decrease in the densification rate; from 0.15 to 0.7 wt% calcia, the densification rate increases initially but then decreases at longer times; more than 0.75 wt% calcia leads to a monotonically decreasing densification rate. The data for materials containing more than 0.15 wt% calcia may be interpreted as a competition between enhanced subeutectic densification and the presence of densification-retarding second phases.
Syndrome resembling PSP after surgical repair of ascending aorta dissection or aneurysm

Seven patients, after seemingly uncomplicated surgery for ascending aorta aneurysm or dissection, with or without aortic valve replacement, developed an unusual and fairly stereotyped biphasic neurologic disorder without imaging evidence of related cerebral ischemia or infarct. The initial phase was mild, nonprogressive, or receding. The latent and progressive phase closely resembled a progressive supranuclear palsy phenotype. The disorder may prove to be self-limiting but leaves the patients with considerable neurologic deficits.
Educational Organization for the Future.

Futurist literature provides clear evidence that the speed of societal change can only increase in the years to come. If they are to function effectively in tomorrow's world today's schools must begin now to plan for substantive reorganization. Some sug gestions are offered below.
Method for quantifying the fate of petroleum in the environment

Abstract Petroleum is a complex mixture of a wide range of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds of various physical and chemical properties. In recent years, the research on the fate of petroleum in the environment has required analytical methods that can provide more detailed information on the components of petroleum than traditional standard methods. The analytical method presented for aqueous, sediment, and soil samples provides several levels of information on petroleum in the environment.The Total Extractable Materials (TEM) analysis provides a gross measure of petroleum in the environment using methylene chloride extraction and gravimetric analysis. Gross composition analysis separates the methylene chloride extract into a saturate hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a polar fraction each measured gravimetrically. In contrast, the target compound analysis provides a detailed measure by GC-MS of 62 specific compounds. Normalization to the conservative compound, 17α,2l -(H)Hopane, is incorporated into the method to reduce the effects of sample and site heterogeneity. Quality control and quality assurance procedures are integral parts of these analyses to assure the validity of the resulting data. A sample data set from a biological augmentation product evaluation was used only to illustrate the interpretation of the petroleum chemistry. In this example, conclusions were dependent on the criteria for evaluating the fate of petroleum. As the product evaluation progressed through the petroleum chemistry method, the conclusion on the their effectiveness changed. Therefore, proper interpretation of the petroleum chemistry, which is dependent on the method, is necessary to correctly evaluate the fate of petroleum in the environment.
Use of Electroanatomic Mapping to Delineate Transseptal Atrial Conduction in Humans

Background—Interaction between wave fronts in the right and left atrium may be important for maintenance of atrial fibrillation, but little is known about electrophysiological properties and preferential routes of transseptal conduction. Methods and Results—Eighteen patients (age 44±12 years) without structural heart disease underwent right atrial electroanatomic mapping during pacing from the distal coronary sinus (CS) or the posterior left atrium. During distal CS pacing, 9 patients demonstrated a single transseptal breakthrough near the CS os, 1 patient in the high right atrium near the presumed insertion of Bachmann’s bundle and 1 patient near the fossa ovalis. The mean activation time from stimulus to CS os was 48±15 ms compared with 86±15 ms to Bachmann’s bundle insertion (P<0.01) and 59±23 ms to the fossa ovalis (P=NS and P<0.01, respectively). During left atrial pacing, the earliest right atrial activation was near Bachmann’s bundle in 5 and near the fossa ovalis in 4 patients. The activation time...
Commentaries Concerning Research on the General Circulation

Several phases of research significant for the general circulation are reviewed briefly. The effect of rotation on convective regimes is discussed. An example is given showing that mean meridional circulations are not essential for the release of potential energy. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1954.tb01122.x
Purification of an inhibitor of DNA photolyase with fluorescent spectra similar to those of the enzyme.

Abstract 1. The binding of DNA photolyase, the enzyme which uncouples cyclobutadipyrimidines in DNA upon illumination, to its substrate was enhanced by a substance isolated from acidified autolysates of baker's yeast. 2. This substance, referred to as activator, was partially purified by chloro-form extraction, ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex 50 and DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-10. Upon lyophilization and storage at −20°C, it was converted to a potent inhibitor of enzyme binding to substrate. 3. The inhibitor appeared as a single band in two thin-layer chromatography systems and was detected by ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence, and ninhydrin staining. 4. The similarity between the fluorescence spectra of the inhibitor and the enzyme suggested that the inhibitor was structurally analogous to a chromophore in the enzyme and that the activator from which the inhibitor was derived may be the active chromophore of the enzyme.
Quantitation of cyst(e)ine in human fibroblasts and separation of cysteinesulfinic acid, cysteic acid and taurine

Abstract A modification of the Gaitonde method of quantitation of intracellular cyst(e)ine has been developed so that levels of intracellular cyst(e)ine can be determined easily and rapidly in cystinotic and normal fibroblasts. Separation of cysteic acid, cysteinesulfinic acid and taurine on Reeve Angel SB-2 ion exchange paper is described.