cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal maturation and hydrocarbon migration within La Popa Basin, northeastern Mexico, with implications for other salt structures

Some outcrops adjacent to the 25-km (15-mi)-long salt weld in the La Popa Basin, northeastern Mexico, are visibly stained and contain enrichment of organic carbon. Their presence, which is known only along the northwestern part of the weld and along the southwestern side of the weld, provides evidence for hydrocarbon migration along the weld. This distribution is presumed to be partially controlled by the restricted distribution of the source rock that generated the hydrocarbons within the salt-withdrawal basin southwest of the weld but may have been in part controlled by a previously existing salt wall, or the weld that formed as a result of salt evacuation, acting as a barrier to lateral migration and serving as a vertical conduit for fluid flow. Upturned halokinetic strata adjacent to the weld provided a conduit for migration along bedding planes. Although no flowing seeps were seen during this study, we documented discoloration and remineralization, as well as the presence of waxy-appearing soil that smelled like crude oil at some sites near the weld. Organic geochemical analyses confirm the presence of nonbiodegraded hydrocarbons along the salt-sediment interface and within adjacent, upturned lithologies up to 5 m (16 ft) southwest of the weld. The results document for the first time the definitive presence of actively migrating hydrocarbons associated with a subaerial salt weld. An oil-source rock correlation is inferred with the upper mudstone member of the Potrerillos Formation based on biomarker data. Thermal and subsidence modeling of the basin indicate that all of the strata in the basin are mature enough to have generated hydrocarbons. The lower part of the stratigraphic section entered the gas generation window, and much of the Cretaceous section and all of the Tertiary entered the oil window prior to uplift of the basin. Significant unroofing (as much as 7 km [4.3 mi] of sediment may have been removed) occurred sometime after the Eocene, as suggested by previous studies.
Latent Dirichlet Conditional Naive-Bayes Models

In spite of the popularity of probabilistic mixture models for latent structure discovery from data, mixture models do not have a natural mechanism for handling sparsity, where each data point only has a few non-zero observations. In this paper, we introduce conditional naive-Bayes (CNB) models, which generalize naive-Bayes mixture models to naturally handle sparsity by conditioning the model on observed features. Further, we present latent Dirichlet conditional naive-Bayes (LD-CNB) models, which constitute a family of powerful hierarchical Bayesian models for latent structure discovery from sparse data. The proposed family of models are quite general and can work with arbitrary regular exponential family conditional distributions. We present a variational inference based EM algorithm for learning along with special case analyses for Gaussian and discrete distributions. The efficacy of the proposed models are demonstrated by extensive experiments on a wide variety of different datasets.
Phase II study of sorafenib and docetaxel in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

e16055 Background: Previous trials of the antiangiogenic kinase inhibitor sorafenib in mCRPC have reported PSA elevation accompanying radiographic response, and evidence that sorafenib may potentiate docetaxel (dxl) myelosuppression. To assess the safety, antivascular effects, and activity of sorafenib and dxl in mCRPC, a phase II trial with dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was conducted. Methods: Eligible men had mCRPC and no prior chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of dxl 75 mg/m2(day 1) and sorafenib (days 2–19) of a 21 day cycle. Patients received 7 days of sorafenib before cycle 1. Six patients received sorafenib 200mg BID and remaining patients received sorafenib 400 mg BID if 50% PSA decline). Secondary endpoints were vascular response rate (>20% decline in area under the gadolinium curve [AUC60]), toxicity rates, and time to progression ...
Application of viscoelastic continuum damage approach to predict fatigue performance of Binzhou perpetual pavements

For this study, the Binzhou perpetual pavement test sections constructed in Shandong Province, China, were simulated for long-term fatigue performance using the layered viscoelastic pavement analysis for critical distresses (LVECD) finite element software package. In this framework, asphalt concrete was treated in the context of linear viscoelastic continuum damage theory. A recently developed unified fatigue failure criterion that defined the boundaries of the applicable region of the theory was also incorporated. The mechanistic modeling of the fatigue mechanisms was able to accommodate the complex temperature variations and loading conditions of the field pavements in a rigorous manner. All of the material models were conveniently characterized by dynamic modulus tests and direct tension cyclic fatigue tests in the laboratory using cylindrical specimens. By comparing the obtained damage characteristic curves and failure criteria, it is found that mixtures with small aggregate particle sizes, a dense gradation, and modified asphalt binder tended to exhibit the best fatigue resistance at the material level. The 15-year finite element structural simulation results for all the test sections indicate that fatigue performance has a strong dependence on the thickness of the asphalt pavements. Based on the predicted location and severity of the fatigue damage, it is recommended that Sections 1 and 3 of the Binzhou test sections be employed for perpetual pavement design.
Designing Effective Rainfall Harvesting Systems in Developing Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper examines the design of rainfall-harvesting schemes that could be implemented to improve the availability of water in certain developing regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The focus of the paper is on the evaluation of rainfall distribution patterns in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Rainfall harvesting is a sustainable water supply alternative in the developing, as well as in the developed countries of the world. In the developed regions domestic rainfall harvesting is primarily a means for supplementing other sources of water (usually for non-potable water uses). This paper also highlights the activities of non-governmental organizations in the development and implementation of in-country (location specific) appropriate technologies for water supply. These groups fund and implement small projects which solve basic water and environmental engineering problems in small communities in developing areas. Usually the goal is to use in-country appropriate technologies to formulate innovative solutions to problems. In a recent study, the National Research Council, identified integrated water management as a high priority development requirement in its list of emerging technologies that would benefit farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The study also stressed the need to address water shortage and access to water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of people without access to water services will increase from 300 million (in 2003) to 400 million by the year 2020. This paper will also provide an overview of the water resources inventory and distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa to emphasize the need for small-scale, community based water supply alternatives for developing areas in this region. The paper focuses on implementable solutions particularly tailored for the region. These solutions are termed “location-appropriate” and therefore employ locally available resources, whenever possible, to achieve solutions that are costeffective, sustainable and efficient. It addresses the need to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of precipitation in the design of viable rainfall harvesting systems. 1 2073 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers © 2009 ASCE
Nonequilibrium States of Symmetric Tetraalkylammonium Halides

The nonequilibrium behavior of symmetrical tetra-n-alkylammonium halides is described from a study of the transition behavior using thermal analysis and hot-stage optical microscopy. Results are discussed in terms of reversibility, supercooling, sharpness of transitions on thermal cycling, and glass transitions. The transitions of plastic to rigid crystals have the largest supercoolings. Gradual disordering on heating and incomplete ordering on cooling are found for some of the salts and represent interesting examples of order/disorder and glass transitions with reduced cooperativity.
Efficient Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Modeling of Very Low Knudsen Number Gas Flows

Although the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method can in theory provide high fidelity simulation results for any dilute gas flow, in practice this method has generally been restricted by considerations of computational expense from modeling gas flows with very low global Knudsen number (Kn). In this work, a series of DSMC algorithm modifications are proposed for efficient simulation of very low Kn flows, based on domain decomposition between regions where viscous effects can be neglected, quasi-one-dimensional boundary layer regions, and other portions of a flowfield where viscous effects are important and local flow characteristics are inherently multidimensional. Modifications to DSMC collision limiter procedures are presented for improved accuracy in DSMC-based inviscid flow simulation, by addressing numerical diffusion errors associated with finite collision separation, free-molecular advection and incomplete collisional equilibration. Locally onedimensional flow approximations are imposed within portions of the boundary layer in order to satisfy DSMC guidelines while greatly reducing the local particle population, and binary collision probabilities are modified through a density interpolation technique which permits much larger collision cells than traditional DSMC procedures. Applicable conditions include low Kn ( 10) laminar steady state gas flows where viscous effects are negligible within large portions of the flowfield, and where the boundary layer thickness tends to be small relative to the local surface curvature radius. Proposed modifications are implemented in the recently developed HAP DSMC code, and a series of test cases are presented to assess numerical error sources. DSMC simulation results are compared with analytical solutions or available Euler/Navier-Stokes CFD results for a simple free shear flow, an inviscid shock interaction flow, and a viscous hypersonic flow around a blunted wedge.
Data security and privacy management in healthcare applications and clinical data warehouse environment

Health Information is considered the most sensitive information associated to an individual. Even though numerous suitable policies, guidelines, and compliance requirements are in place to safeguard health information, privacy and security breach remains key issues for electronic healthcare systems. In this paper we focus on these issues and propose a security and privacy model implemented in Methodist Environment for Translational and Outcomes Research (METEOR). METEOR was developed at Houston Methodist Hospital and consists of two components: the enterprise data warehouse (EDW) and a software intelligence and analytics (SIA) layer. This model indicates that patient privacy is best protected by implementing a systematic mix of technologies and best practices such as technical de-identification of data, restrictive data access, and security measures in the underlying technical platforms. Our results suggest that the proposed security model make data security compromise and unauthorized access of protected patient health information extremely improbable.
Aortic Valve Surgery in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Aortic valve disease commonly presents with symptoms of congestive heart failure. The medical management of these patients is associated with poor outcomes. Aortic valve replacement improves outcomes. However, patient selection and preoperative evaluation is challenging. Advance age, associated comorbidities, and frailty may limit their life expectancy in addition to the cardiac disease. These factors should be carefully considered to risk stratify and guide the decision to perform surgery. This chapter reviews the evaluation, management, and outcomes of patients with congestive heart failure secondary to aortic valve disease with normal and low left ventricular ejection fraction.
Topcross high oil corn production: Select grain quality attributes

High oil corn (Zea mays L.) enhances the feed rations of livestock and poultry and reduces the need for expensive dietary supplements. The TopCross 1 grain production system, which involves use of a blend (TC Blend) of two types of corn, is rapidly gaining popularity as the preferred method of producing high oil corn (HOC). Field experiments and on-farm studies were performed in 1995 to 1999 across a range of production environments in Ohio to compare select grain quality attributes of HOC TC Blends with their conventional counterparts (check hybrids). Oil levels in grain were 31 g kg -1 higher in TC Blends compared with check hybrids averaged across experiments and on-farm tests. Drought conditions and late plantings had little or no effect on the differences in oil levels between TC Blends and check hybrids. Protein levels were generally similar for TC Blends and check hybrids, but lysine content was 20% greater in grain of TC Blends. Metabolizable energy levels in grain averaged 130 kcal kg -1 more in TC Blends compared with check hybrids. Starch content was five percent less in TC Blends compared with checks. The fatty acid composition of grain from TC Blends was higher for stearic add (2.5 vs. 2.0%) and oleic acid (34.6 vs. 25.9%), but lower for linoleic acid (49.5 vs. 58.8%) and linolenic (1.0 vs. 1.3%), compared with check hybrids. Results of this study demonstrate that TC Blends can produce grain with consistently higher nutritional levels than conventional corn hybrids under variable growing conditions.
TCR diversity - a universal cancer immunotherapy biomarker?

Sipuleucel-T was approved as a treatment for men with advanced metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer on the basis of improved survival in randomized clinical trials. A major challenge for this therapy, as well as other newer cancer immunotherapy agents, has been to identify markers that can identify patients who benefit from these therapies. In a recent manuscript by Sheikh and colleagues, the investigators evaluated changes in T cell clonality in the peripheral blood and tumors of patients treated with sipuleucel-T using next generation sequencing of T cell receptor Vs CDR3 sequences. Their findings are discussed in the context of this trial and other cancer immunotherapies.
Targeting MUC1 as a Marker for Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells by DC/AML Fusions.

The epithelial mucin antigen (MUC1) is aberrantly expressed in many epithelial tumors and hematologic malignancies and promotes oncogenesis and tumor progression. MUC1 is recognized by the T cell repertoire and has served as a target for cellular immunotherapy. In the present study, we examined MUC1 as a marker for myeloid leukemia cells and their progenitors and its capacity to serve as a target for leukemia stem cells. Myeloid leukemia cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirates or peripheral blood in patients with high levels of circulating disease. MUC1 was not expressed on unselected leukemia samples (mean expression 3%, n=12). Similarly, low levels of MUC1 expression were seen in leukemic blasts with monocytoid differentiation (mean expression 2.7%, n=5). A subset of leukemia specimens underwent CD34 selection by magnetic bead separation. In contrast to unselected cells, 38% of CD34+ leukemia cells expressed MUC1 (n=5). The leukemia stem cell compartment was isolated by separating CD34+/CD38−/ lineage- fractions by flow cytometric sorting. Leukemia stem cells demonstrated strong expression of MUC-1 by immunohistochemical staining and FACS analysis. Similarly, we examined MUC1 expression on progenitor cells derived from chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia and following blast transformation. MUC1 was seen in only 4% of CD34+ cells obtained from chronic phase CML samples (n=4) while uniform expression was observed in samples derived from patients with accelerated/blastic phase disease. These data suggest that MUC1 serves as a marker for early leukemia progenitors and is associated with blastic transformation. We assessed the capacity of a cancer vaccine consisting of dendritic cell (DC)/myeloid leukemia fusions to stimulate immune responses that target MUC1 and other antigens expressed by the stem cell compartment. DCs were generated from adherent mononuclear cells that were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 and matured with TNFa. DCs were fused with patient derived myeloid leukemia cells using polyethylene glycol as previously described. Fusion cells were quantified by determining the percentage of cells that expressed unique DC and leukemia antigens. DC/AML fusions induced the expansion of MUC1 specific T cells. Stimulation of autologous T cells with DC/AML fusions resulted in a mean 3 fold increase in CD8+ cells binding the MUC-1 tetramer (N=4). DC/AML fusions stimulated anti-tumor immune responses that targeted leukemia stem cells. Fusion stimulated T cells demonstrated increased expression of IFNγ following exposure to lysate generated from unselected leukemia cells (29 fold) and leukemia stem cells (28 fold). In contrast, exposure to renal carcinoma lysate generated only a 5 fold increase in IFNγ. In summary, these findings suggest that leukemic progenitors in AML and accelerated/blast phase CML express MUC-1. DC/tumor fusion vaccines target the MUC-1 protein and the stem cell compartment, and may be a potent immunotherapeutic strategy to eliminate the malignant stem cell clone in AML.
Photography of Dermatological Laser Treatment

The use of illustrations and imaging has always had an essential role in the practice of medicine. In the field of dermatology, where visual identification is imperative, the development of small film cameras not only simplified the description of lesions made by medical dermatologists, but also allowed for pre- and post-procedural depictions of interventions for surgical and cosmetic dermatologists8. Now, with the advent of digital cameras and its ongoing evolution, clinicians are able to apply this efficient technology to cataloging outcomes of cutaneous laser therapy.
Medications for urologic malignancies in the open payments data: Financial relationships between industry and urologists.

74Background: The Open Payments program was enacted to increase transparency of the financial relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. We examined the non-research related financial relationships between urologists and industry in the US using the 2014 Open Payments data as it pertains to payments associated with drugs used in the treatment of urologic cancers. Methods: A descriptive analysis of the Open Payments data released by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for 2014 was performed. The total payment amount associated with medications prescribed by urologists to treat urologic malignancies was calculated. Results: For drugs associated with all urologic cancers, 44,200 payments, totaling $4,693,561, were made to 5666 urologists. Approximately 82% of payments (76% of the financial value) associated with urologic cancers were for prostate cancer. Of these, payments were primarily associated with anti-androgen therapy ($2,803,435, 79%), followed by hormonal therapy ($67...
Resistance of Cylindrical Piers in Open-Channel Flow

An experimental investigation of the variation of the resistance coefficient of cylindrical piers in a rectangular channel was conducted. The resistance coefficient was determined as a function of the Froude number, of the relative depth of the oncoming flow, and of the relative spacing of the piers.
A missed primary care appointment correlates with a subsequent emergency department visit among children with asthma.

ABSTRACTObjective: Since the Affordable Care Act's implementation, emergency department (ED) visits have increased. Poor asthma control increases the risk of acute exacerbations and preventable ED visits. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services support the reduction of preventable ED visits to reduce healthcare spending. Implementation of interventions to avoid preventable ED visits has become a priority for many healthcare systems yet little data exist examining children's missed asthma management primary care (PC) appointments and subsequent ED visits. Methods: Longitudinal, retrospective review at a children's hospital was conducted for children with diagnosed asthma (ICD-9 493.xx), ages 2–18 years, scheduled for a PC visit between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2012 (N = 3895). Records were cross-referenced with all asthma-related ED visits from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012. Logistic regression with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted. Results: None of the children who completed ...
New Perspectives on Materials Education in the U.S.

Graduate and postgraduate education in science and engineering in the U.S. has long been recognized as outstanding. In materials science and engineering, graduate and postgraduate education is not only outstanding, but as a result of its intrinsic multidisciplinary nature, it is having a positive pervasive impact upon the culture within major research universities in the U.S. In spite of this general excellence, new initiatives are being taken to broadly enhance education and training in materials science and engineering, as well as in manufacturing and other areas related to industrial competitiveness. Here we discuss the issues of training modes, undergraduate materials education and research, vocational and “shop floor” level training, as well as some fundamental infrastructure issues that will impact our ability to broadly enhance materials science education in the U.S.
NIH policies on experimental studies with humans

The recently updated US National Institutes of Health clinical trials policies will apply broadly to studies involving experimental manipulations of humans. These studies will require registration and reporting in ClinicalTrials.gov, grant application submission under a clinical trials funding opportunity announcement, and Good Clinical Practice training for investigators.
Heavy ion and proton induced radiation effects on differential bus transceiver microcircuits

We present observations of heavy ion and proton induced radiation effects on selected COTS differential bus integrated microcircuits.
A Mathematics Curriculum for Undergraduate Courses Based on Mathematical Modelling and Computer Science

The expected qualifications of the modern professional comprises, not only the mastery of the specific knowledge of their profession but must also be sufficiently competent in such skills as analysis, investigation, action planning, decision and result evaluation. The curriculum for Mathematics in undergraduate courses should be designed not only to fulfill its role as a basic subject (Mathematics as a language to express the phenomena of reality and a tool to solve problems), but to also contribute to the development of these skills Concepts should not be presented disconnected from reality (thus hindering their understanding and use). The technological resources such as the ones provided by Computer Science should not be alienated from classroom teaching. A curriculum can be understood as a strategy for an educational action, comprised of three basic components, i.e., objectives, methods, and contents, which should be treated in an integrated way. This study will deal with Mathematical Modelling and Computer Science as a way to integrate these three basic components. We are not proposing the use of Mathematical Modelling as a subject in course programs but using Mathematics, which, through sequential steps, will lead to a complete Mathematical Modeling. These steps may, for example, begin with the identification of the different ways to represent data (tables, graphics representing real situations). Then proceed through the various other steps, such as, identification of the mathematical contents related to these data, translation into mathematical language, equation and solution of problems, study of classical models, construction of models. Each one of these steps can be used to introduce or to apply mathematical content. Software can be used to allow for geometrical visualizations, the study of mathematical properties or the applications of algebraic or numerical methods.
Paradigms of Systems and Logic

Before we continue to examine the methodology of the social sciences, we need to understand details about the scientific paradigm of systems and logic. These along with the paradigm of function are essential to the social sciences. We recall that as an intellectual framework, paradigmatic ideas are used in an “a-priori mode,” which means a previous format before the specific expression of any experiment and theory in a paradigm. First we look at the paradigm of Systems and then at the paradigm of Logic.
Toward Personalized Adaptive Gamification: A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Performance

Personalized adaptive gamification has the potential to improve individuals’ motivation and performance. Current methods aim to predict the perceived affective state (i.e., emotion) of an individual in order to improve their motivation and performance by tailoring an application. However, existing methods may struggle to predict the state of an individual that it has not been trained for. Moreover, the affective state that correlates to good performance may vary based on individuals and task characteristics. Given these limitations, this paper presents a machine learning method that uses task information and an individual's facial expression data to predict his/her performance on a gamified task. The training data used to generate the adaptive - individual-task model is updated every time new data from an individual is acquired. This approach helps to improve the model's prediction accuracy and account for variations in facial expressions across individuals. A case study is presented that demonstrates the feasibility and performance of the model. The results indicate that the model is able to predict the performance of individuals, before completing a task, with an accuracy of 0.768. The findings support the use of adaptive models that dynamically update their training data set and consider task information and individuals’ facial expression data.
(278) Antinociceptive Activity of Tapentadol in Thermal Injury-Induced Pain Model

Tapentadol (TAP) mediates analgesic activity through dual mechanisms: µ opioid receptor (MOR) agonistic activity and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition. Reports show that TAP produces antinociceptive activity in various rodent models of pain. Emerging clinical trials have also reported TAP as an effective analgesic in multiple disease associated pain states. Burn injury induces debilitating pain for which morphine is extensively used as an analgesic. Because of the side effects profile of morphine, there is a continuous search for alternative analgesics to treat burn pain. To the knowledge of authors, there are no reports about the effect of TAP on burn pain. In the present study, we examined the acute analgesic effect of TAP on burn pain and compared it to morphine. Thermal pain was induced in anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a pre-heated (100 °C) metal probe for 30 sec on the right hind paw. On day 3 post-injury, rats received a single injection of either saline (0.5 mL), TAP (10 mg/Kg), or MOR (10 mg/Kg) subcutaneously. Antinociceptive activity, changes in paw withdrawal latency (PWL), following treatment was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min post-injury by Hargreaves thermal test. Rats were visually observed for any sedative effects of TAP and MOR. Thermal injury induced thermal allodynia in all groups of rats (P 0.05). Morphine-treated rats showed a significant increase in PWL at all time points when compared to saline and TAP-treated rats (P
Aufgaben zu gemischten Themen

Wahrend sich in den Kapiteln 1 bis 11 samtliche Ubungsaufgaben auf das jeweiligen Thema beziehen, sind die Aufgaben im 12. Kapitel eine Mischung aus allen Themen der ersten 11 Kapitel. Daruber hinaus sind die Aufgaben hier auch nicht mehr wie zuvor nach Schwierigkeitsgrad geordnet, und es werden auch keine umfassenden Losungswege angegeben, sondern nur noch die Endresultate, sowie teilweise wichtige Zwischenresultate. Dies soll es den Studierenden ermoglichen, sich optimal auf die Abschlussprufung vorzubereiten.
Current Applications of Biofeedback Technology to the Problems of Children and Youth.

The ability of people to self-regulate physiological functioning through the use of sophisticated biofeedback instrumentation has been well-documented in the past 10 years. This article reviews the...
Can antiepileptic drug efficacy be studied from electronic health records? A review of current approaches

SUMMARY As automated data extraction and natural language processing (NLP) are rapidly evolving, applicability to harness large data to improve healthcare delivery is garnering great interest. Assessing antiepileptic drug (AED) efficacy remains a barrier to improving epilepsy care. In this review, we examined automatic electronic health record (EHR) extraction methodologies pertinent to epilepsy examining AED efficacy. We also reviewed more generalizable NLP pipelines to extract other critical patient variables. Our review found varying reports of performance measures. Whereas automated data extraction pipelines are a crucial advancement, this review calls attention to standardizing NLP methodology and accuracy reporting for greater generalizability. Moreover, the use of crowdsourcing competitions to spur innovative NLP pipelines would further advance this field. HIGHLIGHTS Automated data extraction is rapidly evolving and can be harnessed to efficiently mine the electronic health record. Natural language processing (NLP) of unstructured text improves data extraction accuracy when added to ICD coding and structured fields. We review these techniques specific to epilepsy and highlight strengths as well as areas of further improvement.
P43 Partnering with 4-H and High School Culinary Club to Provide School-Based Nutrition Education to Engage Latino Youth in Teaching Cooking Classes to Younger Youth and Adapting Healthy Eating Behaviors

Objective To implement Teens as Teachers Cooking Academy Program (TAT CAP) to underrepresented adolescents and explore their experiences in teaching younger youth and how the experience influences their attitudes and behaviors around healthy eating. Use of Theory or Research Having adolescents serve as teachers of younger children is a promising approach to support positive youth behaviors. Research showed that teenagers improved their teaching skills, social and emotional learning during cross-age teaching by role modeling and hands-on cooking experience. It empowers youth to make healthy food choices by increasing their self-efficacy. A limited program has been implemented and evaluated among Latino adolescents in a high school setting. Target Audience Low-income Latino high school (HS) students who participated in Culinary Art Club. Program Description The TAT CAP was developed through the partnership between University of California (UC) 4-H, CalFresh, and a local HS. UC Extension staff and HS chef gave trainings to 25 Latino HS students for them to use evidence-based cooking curriculum to teach the elementary students how to cook. During the sessions, teen teachers went over nutrition-related topics, cooking demonstrations, and gave younger youth hands-on culinary experience. Evaluation Methods A post-program teen teacher survey assessed their attitudes and behaviors towards healthy eating, self-efficacy in cooking and teaching, and their experience of being teen teachers. Results Twenty-five HS students attended TAT CAP program and 19 completed the post-program survey. Over 50% of participants reported they paid attention to how many fruits and vegetables they were eating, ate breakfast most of the days, and ate meals with families after the program; 78% had given their family ideas of healthy meals and snack; and 100% participants said they learned healthy food choices. On average, over 90% of youth were confident in safe cooking behaviors, making change to a recipe, and being a teen leader. Conclusions TAT program suggested an engaging way for Latino teenagers to learn nutrition and empower them to role model healthy eating behaviors to younger youth.
Personality Traits Associated with Various Forms of Lying

In this study, we explored the relationship between personality traits and the tendency to lie. Specifically, we examined the correlation between various forms of lying and the personality factors of self-esteem, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism. We developed a lie scale that assessed the tendency to tell three types of lies: altruistic, self-serving, and vindictive. A total of 352 participants completed the lie scale, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Self-esteem, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness were negatively correlated with lying, while neuroticism was positively correlated with lying. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the unique set of personality predictors for each type of lie.
The Genetic Code Kit: An Open-Source Cell-Free Platform for Biochemical and Biotechnology Education

Teaching the processes of transcription and translation is challenging due to the intangibility of these concepts and a lack of instructional, laboratory-based, active learning modules. Harnessing the genetic code in vitro with cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) provides an open platform that allows for the direct manipulation of reaction conditions and biological machinery to enable inquiry-based learning. Here, we report our efforts to transform the research-based CFPS biotechnology into a hands-on module called the "Genetic Code Kit" for implementation into teaching laboratories. The Genetic Code Kit includes all reagents necessary for CFPS, as well as a laboratory manual, student worksheet, and augmented reality activity. This module allows students to actively explore transcription and translation while gaining exposure to an emerging research technology. In our testing of this module, undergraduate students who used the Genetic Code Kit in a teaching laboratory showed significant score increases on transcription and translation questions in a post-lab questionnaire compared with students who did not participate in the activity. Students also demonstrated an increase in self-reported confidence in laboratory methods and comfort with CFPS, indicating that this module helps prepare students for careers in laboratory research. Importantly, the Genetic Code Kit can accommodate a variety of learning objectives beyond transcription and translation and enables hypothesis-driven science. This opens the possibility of developing Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) based on the Genetic Code Kit, as well as supporting next-generation science standards in 8-12th grade science courses.
Relating on-field youth football head impacts to pneumatic ram laboratory testing procedures.

A youth-specific football helmet testing standard has been proposed to address the physical and biomechanical differences between adult and youth football players. This study sought to relate the p...
‘Post-crisis masculinities’ in Sierra Leone: revisiting masculinity theory

Hegemonic representations of African men have focused on the male breadwinner ideal. In today’s neoliberal context, characterized by economic insecurity and social inequality, African men are said ...
Implementing Routine HIV Screening in an Urban Adolescent Population at a General Pediatric Clinic

Abstract Purpose To increase the rate of routine HIV screening during preventative visits for adolescent patients aged 15 to 21 in a pediatric and adolescent clinic in accordance with national recommendations, which are poorly implemented nationwide. Methods This was a quality improvement initiative. Four plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were conducted from May 2016 to February 2020. Interventions included education of and reminders for the multidisciplinary team on guidelines and testing, creation of a standardized workflow, introduction of a rapid point-of-care HIV antibody test (POCT), and implementation of an opt-out, medical assistant/nursing-driven protocol for HIV rapid point-of-care testing. The primary outcome measure was the monthly percentage of adolescents screened for HIV during preventative visits. Data is presented in a p-control chart and means were adjusted for special cause variation according to the Institute for Healthcare Improvement guidelines. Results Rates of routine HIV screening at preventative visits for youth ages 15 to 21 increased from the pre-intervention rate of 5.16% to a final rate of 41.5% over four PDSA cycles. Mean screening rates were adjusted after introducing the HIV POCT (+18.5%) and after implementing the medical assistant/nursing-driven protocol (+17.9%). Conclusions We successfully increased routine HIV screening rates at preventative visits for adolescents at an urban pediatric and adolescent clinic. This was in large part due to testing with a rapid HIV POCT and a clinic protocol allowing medical assistants and nurses to order the test under a physician’s name as part of the intake process. Ours can be a model for other clinics.
The Corporeal Dimensions of Motherhood

This chapter explores the centrality of embodiment to a new mother’s sense of self after childbirth and examines the link between corporeality and identity. It is based on the author’s doctoral research—a hermeneutic-phenomenological investigation into first-time mothers’ post-natal embodied experiences and summarises its four main findings: (1) loss of corporeal autonomy; (2) loss of corporeal integrity; (3) loss of corporeal identity; and (4) the embodied dimensions of breastfeeding. These findings, supported by the mothers’ own verbatims, are given consideration in this chapter and tentative suggestions are drawn by the author that the post-natal period for some mothers can emerge as an embodied twilight zone characterised (albeit temporarily) by a sense of corporeal homelessness and ontological insecurity.
Factors Associated With Opting Out of Automated Text and Telephone Messages Among Adult Members of an Integrated Health Care System.

Importance Health care systems deliver automated text or telephone messages to remind patients of appointments and to provide health information. Patients who receive multiple messages may demonstrate message fatigue by opting out of future messages. Objective To assess whether the volume of automated text or interactive voice response (IVR) telephone messages is associated with the likelihood of patients requesting to opt out of future messages. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO), an integrated health care system. All adult members who received 1 or more automated text or IVR message between October 1, 2018, and September 30, 2019, were included. Exposures Receipt of automated text or IVR messages. Main Outcomes and Measures Message volume and opt-out rates obtained from messaging systems over 1 year. Results Of the 428 242 adults included in this study, 59.7% were women, and 66.5% were White; the mean (SD) age was 52.3 (17.7) years. During the study period, 84.1% received 1 or more text messages (median, 4 messages; interquartile range, 2-8 messages) and 67.8% received 1 or more IVR messages (median, 3 messages; interquartile range, 1-6 messages). A total of 8929 individuals (2.5%) opted out of text messages, and 4392 (1.5%) opted out of IVR messages. In multivariable analyses, individuals who received 10 to 19.9 or 20 or more text messages per year had higher opt-out rates for text messages compared with those who received fewer than 2 messages per year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 10-19.9 vs <2 messages, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.17-1.38]; ≥20 vs <2 messages, 3.58 [95% CI, 3.28-3.91]), whereas opt-out rates increased progressively in association with IVR message volume, with the highest rates among individuals who received 10.0 to 19.9 messages (aOR, 11.11; 95% CI, 9.43-13.08) or 20.0 messages or more (aOR, 49.84; 95% CI, 42.33-58.70). Individuals opting out of text messages were more likely to opt out of IVR messages (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.65-4.55), and those opting out of IVR messages were more likely to opt out of text messages (aOR, 5.92; 95% CI, 5.29-6.61). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study among adult members of an integrated health care system, requests to discontinue messages were associated with greater message volume. These findings suggest that, to preserve the benefits of automated outreach, health care systems should use these messages judiciously to reduce message fatigue.
El General Onganía y la Revolución [Militar] Argentina de la derecha: anti-comunismo y moralidad, 1966-1970

This project analyzes the relationship between the rhetoric of Argentina’s fifth military dictatorship on youth, morality, and communism, and the government’s cultural campaigns executed from 1966-1973. During “La Revolucion Argentina,” General Juan Carlos Ongania and his cabinet targeted the “immorality” of the youth because they believed the internal threat of communism had degraded the country’s traditional Catholic values. By constructing a moral and spiritual culture through a crusade against immorality, intervention in the national universities, censorship and anti-communist legislation, conservative officers thought they could shield Argentina’s youth from further infiltration of leftist ideologies and preserve the nation’s future leaders.
The Coin of AI Has Two Sides: Matching Enhancement and Information Revelation Effects of AI on Gig-Economy Platforms

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into the process of matching between workers and employers requesting job tasks on a gig-economy platform. Unlike the conventional wisdom that adopting AI in the matching process always benefits the platform by assigning better-matched jobs (employers) to workers, we discover unintended but possible revenue-decreasing consequences for the AI-adopting platform. We build a stylized game theoretical model that considers gig workers’ strategic participation behavior. We find that while the matching enhancement effect of AI can increase the platform’s revenue by improving matching quality, AI-assigned jobs can also reveal information about the uncertain labor demand to workers and thus unfavorably change workers’ participation decisions, resulting in revenue loss for the platform. We extend our model to the cases where (1) the share of revenue between workers and platform is endogenous and (2) the workers compete for the job tasks, and find consistent results. Furthermore, we examine two approaches to mitigate the potential negative effect of AI-enabled matching for the platform and find that under certain conditions, the AI-adopting platform can be better off by revealing the labor demand or competition information directly to workers. Our results shed light on both the intended positive and unintended negative roles of utilizing AI to facilitate matching, and highlight the importance of thoughtful development, management, and application of AI in the gig economy.
PermaPhosSer: autonomous synthesis of functional, permanently phosphorylated proteins

Installing stable, functional mimics of phosphorylated amino acids into proteins offers a powerful strategy to study protein regulation. Previously, a genetic code expansion (GCE) system was developed to translationally install non-hydrolyzable phosphoserine (nhpSer), with the {gamma}-oxygen replaced with carbon, but it has seen limited usage. Here, we achieve a 40-fold improvement in this system by engineering into Escherichia coli a biosynthetic pathway that produces nhpSer from the central metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate. Using this "PermaPhosSer" system -- an autonomous 21-amino acid E. coli expression system for incorporating nhpSer into target proteins -- we show that nhpSer faithfully mimics the effects of phosphoserine in three stringent test cases: promoting 14-3-3/client complexation, disrupting 14-3-3 dimers, and activating GSK3-{beta} phosphorylation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. This facile access to nhpSer containing proteins should allow nhpSer to replace Asp and Glu as the go-to pSer phosphomimetic for proteins produced in E. coli.
The Physiological Molecular Shape of Spectrin: A Compact Supercoil Resembling a Chinese Finger Trap.

The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of spectrin are reasonably well defined, but the structural basis for the known dramatic molecular shape change, whereby the molecular length can increase three-fold, is not understood. In this study, we combine previously reported biochemical and high-resolution crystallographic data with structural mass spectroscopy and electron microscopic data to derive a detailed, experimentally-supported quaternary structure of the spectrin heterotetramer. In addition to explaining spectrin’s physiological resting length of ~55-65 nm, our model provides a mechanism by which spectrin is able to undergo a seamless three-fold extension while remaining a linear filament, an experimentally observed property. According to the proposed model, spectrin’s quaternary structure and mechanism of extension is similar to a Chinese Finger Trap: at shorter molecular lengths spectrin is a hollow cylinder that extends by increasing the pitch of each spectrin repeat, which decreases the internal diameter. We validated our model with electron microscopy, which demonstrated that, as predicted, spectrin is hollow at its biological resting length of ~55-65 nm. The model is further supported by zero-length chemical crosslink data indicative of an approximately 90 degree bend between adjacent spectrin repeats. The domain-domain interactions in our model are entirely consistent with those present in the prototypical linear antiparallel heterotetramer as well as recently reported inter-strand chemical crosslinks. The model is consistent with all known physical properties of spectrin, and upon full extension our Chinese Finger Trap Model reduces to the ~180-200 nm molecular model currently in common use.
Molecular Identity of Smooth Muscle Cells: Overview

Publisher Summary There is no difficulty in identifying the fully differentiated smooth muscle cell and distinguishing it from other cell types in vivo. However, it is important to distinguish proteins that are characteristic of a given stage (or state) of smooth-muscle-cell differentiation/maturation versus proteins that alone can serve as definitive markers for the identification of smooth-muscle-cell lineages to the exclusion of all other cell types. While it has been the goal of many vascular biologists to identify the latter, at this time, no marker strictly meets these criteria for smooth muscle cell, with the possible exception of smooth-muscle myosin-heavy-chain isoforms. Clear identification of the smooth muscle cell and assessment of its state of differentiation must rely on multiple criteria, including expression of multiple smooth-muscle-cell selective proteins, the morphologic and functional characteristics of the cell, and, at least in vivo, the anatomical location of the cell.