cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing musical ability An American dissenter and some related historical comparisons

Both American and European investigators have long searched for factors that contribute to musical proficiency. The present article considers several interpretations of musical talent that were advanced by persons who were themselves skilled musicians. Especial emphasis is afforded to the approach of Raleigh M. Drake, an American, who obtained his PhD in Europe, but opposed the most widely utilized early 20th-century American conception of musical talent. Drake also interacted with several early and eminent American psychologists in considering the underlying issue of ‘special talents’. The scholarly contributions of Drake are assessed both in terms of their relationship to some early 20th-century conceptions of musical talent and as a prospective influence on other investigations of that ability.
Calvarial hemangiomas: report of two cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Primary hemangiomas of the bone are uncommon tumors, accounting for less than 1.0% of all bone neoplasms. These tumors are mostly found in vertebral bodies. Hemangiomas are rarely seen in the calvarium, where their frequency is 0.2% of all bone neoplasms. Because of their infrequent appearance in the skull, vague symptoms, and absence of prototypical radiological findings, these tumors can be missed in many cases or may be misinterpreted as more ominous lesions like multiple myeloma or osteosarcoma. CASE DESCRIPTION We report two cases of calvarial hemangiomas: one with a single mass on the right sphenoid wing, and another with two similar lesions on the right occipital and left parietal bones. The diagnoses could be established only by histopathologic analysis. CONCLUSION Histopathologic confirmation of the tumor is the definitive method for diagnosis of intraosseous hemangiomas. Radiological findings are not always characteristic for calvarial hemangiomas. Due to possible complications and the possibility of effective treatment, this lesion should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of skull lesions.
Reassessing the United States‐Israeli special relationship

(1994). Reassessing the United States‐Israeli special relationship. Israel Affairs: Vol. 1, Peace in the Middle East: The Challenge for Israel, pp. 64-83.
Practical generalizations of asynchronous state machines

The authors propose to extend burst-mode specifications, a class of asynchronous finite-state machine specification that allows multiple-input changes. The proposed extensions allow concurrent transitions of inputs and outputs and input choices based on level conditional signals. An example that features the proposed extensions is presented and the deficiencies of existing specification styles, in particular, SG and original burst-mode are pointed out. The impact if these extensions on the hazard-free implementation of the 3-D machine and its synthesis procedure is analyzed. The results of experiments using the modified 3-D synthesis tool are presented and it is shown that the performance numbers are consistent with examples of comparable complexity not requiring the extensions. >
Central retinal vein occlusion: a case report and review of the literature

Central retinal vein occlusion is one of the major causes of severe vision impairment and blindness in adults. We present a case of unilateral ischemic central retinal vein occlusion in a 54-year-old woman with history of uncontrolled hypertension and open angle glaucoma. Laboratory tests including complete hypercoagulability and thrombotic workup were completed. Our case illustrates an interesting presentation of unilateral ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, where hypertension and glaucoma were thought to be the main risk factors. Close follow up, tight blood pressure and glaucoma control are crucial to prevent similar scenario in the fellow eye.
Long-term impact of Huntington disease linkage testing

We performed a long-term follow-up of Huntington disease (HD) predictive testing (an average of 6 years post-test) for 16 of 20 people who received informative linkage test results. Although no pre-test or baseline psychological differences were noted between those with an increased versus a decreased risk of HD, the long-term impact was dramatically different in these two groups. The low-risk group reported less uncertainty, anxiety or worry, fear, and worry about children's risk, whereas the high-risk group reported either the same or increased concern in these areas. Those at low risk also acknowledged an increased sense of control and self-esteem, whereas those at high risk reported decreases or no changes. One high-risk individual reported chronic depression that had occurred since the testing. Additionally, those at low risk reported greater reliance and faith in spiritual or religious beliefs than those at high risk. The emotional impact of HD genetic testing justifies the continued utilization of pre- and post-test counseling protocols. Pre-test counseling should include discussion of the known risks and benefits of predictive testing, with special emphasis on the participant's expectations for future change and improvement. Although the psychological impact appears mostly favorable for those with decreased risk, there is risk for a decline in psychological well-being over time for those with an increased risk for HD.
Revisiting the 1990 Special Issue on Minority Children: An Editorial Perspective 15 Years Later

The 2006 Special Issue on Race, Ethnicity, and Culture in Child Development occurs 15 years after the 1990 Special Issue on Minority Children and marks roughly 50 years since the historic 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. This issue provides an assessment of how researchers have represented development of America's diverse youth. This commentary provides a perspective of the progress and needs inferred from the 1990 special issue. A consistent theme is the necessity to link research and developmental theorizing with the intentions of the Brown v. Board of Education decision, as the relevant integration is often left to legal scholars, Whiteness studies theorists, and a few child-development-focused researchers (e.g., Cross, 1991; Spencer, 2005).
The influence of age-specific habitat selection by a stream crayfish community (Orconectes spp.) on secondary production

We examined the hypothesis that secondary production of a community of stream crayfish (Orconectes spp.) depended upon the available suite of channel units (e.g., riffle, run, pool) and that age-specific use of channel units was the important underlying mechanism. Nine cohorts of each of three species over a 10-year period at two sites on the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, USA, were sampled. Cohort-production estimates were calculated for specific channel units: riffles, runs, pools, backwaters and emergent vegetation patches. Orconectes luteus was the most productive species with similar production across channel units. Production of O. ozarkae and O. punctimanus was significantly greater in vegetation patches than other channel units. There were no species by channel unit differences in production between the two sites. Although total site production for some species substantially changed over the 10-year period, relative production differences between habitats remained temporally stable. Differences in mean production between channel units were largely due to age-class habitat use rather than differences related to growth. Some channel units particularly susceptible to common anthropogenic activities that result in hydrograph alterations and homogenization of physical habitat, e.g., backwaters, vegetation patches, and pools, were particularly important as high production areas for two species. A variety of channel units appears necessary for maintaining the high secondary production and diversity of crayfish in this system.
The Emergence of a National Capital Market in England, 1710–1880

Was eighteenth-century London's financial market linked to domestic real capital markets? When did English capital markets cease to be regionally segmented? We compare London interest rates with annual registered property transactions in Middlesex and in West Yorkshire. This evidence, though tentative, suggests that London financial markets were weakly linked to local real capital markets in the mid-eighteenth century. By the late eighteenth century those links were strong. Regional markets were still segmented in the mid-eighteenth century but were integrated by the time of the Napoleonic War.
Brief, pre-retrieval stress differentially influences long-term memory depending on sex and corticosteroid response

Abstract Previous work has indicated that stress generally impairs memory retrieval. However, little research has addressed discrepancies that exist in this line of work and the factors that could explain why stress can exert differential effects on retrieval processes. Therefore, we examined the influence of brief, pre-retrieval stress that was administered immediately before testing on long-term memory in males and females. Participants learned a list of 42 words varying in emotional valence and arousal. Following the learning phase, participants were given an immediate free recall test. Twenty-four hours later, participants submerged their non-dominant hand in a bath of ice cold (Stress) or warm (No Stress) water for 3 min. Immediately following this manipulation, participants’ memory for the word list was assessed via free recall and recognition tests. We observed no group differences on short-term memory. However, male participants who showed a robust cortisol response to the stress exhibited enhanced long-term recognition memory, while male participants who demonstrated a blunted cortisol response to the stress exhibited impaired long-term recall and recognition memory. These findings suggest that the effects of brief, pre-retrieval stress on long-term memory are sex-specific and mediated by corticosteroid mechanisms.
Style, spin, and science

Every journal has a “style sheet,” a set of rules that determines what words should be used, how tables and figures are set up, and even what typefaces to incorporate. Some of these rules are intended to be visually pleasing and to make the article easier to read: size and type of font, style of figures, and formatting of tables are obvious examples—these provide a uniform reading experience so that the “look” of each article resembles another, with variations for different types of articles, each recognizable at a glance. These design features are not permanent. Our last redesign was in 2006, and we will likely have another within a few years. Designs must take into account reading on paper as well as on a screen. And periodic “freshening” of a look has advantages (without, we hope, requiring too much adjustment). For example, we eliminated the “table of contents” cover design because a graphic element translates better to small screens in our apps.
The USC CARE Corpus: Child-Psychologist Interactions of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

We introduce the USC CARE Corpus, comprised of spontaneous and standardized child-psychologist interactions of children with a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The audio-video data is collected in the context of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), which is a tool used by psychologists for a research-level diagnosis of ASD for children. The interaction consists of developmentally appropriate semi-structured social activities, providing the psychologist with a sample of behavior used to rate the child on a series of autism-relevant symptoms. Our goal with this multimodal corpus is to investigate how analytical technology (e.g., speech and language processing) can enhance this observational rating task and provide greater insight into social behavior and communication. We provide demographic statistics on the recruited children (60 to date), describe the multimodal recording set-up, and discuss current and future work for this novel corpus. Index Terms: autism, autism spectrum disorders, children’s speech, corpus, multimodal recordings, prosody
Oral contraceptives and prognosis of breast cancer in women aged 35 to 50

Among 193 breast cancer patients aged 35-50 years there was no appreciable difference in the extent of disease at diagnosis between 53 oral contraceptive (OC) users and 140 OC non-users. There was no overall significant difference between OC users and non-users for either the disease-free interval (P=.81) metastatic period (P=.41) or survival (P=.79) either alone or when adjusted for stage or family history. The survival rate of OC users of more than 2 years was similar to the survival rate of those of shorter duration (P=.36). Patients who began the use of OC 10 years or more before diagnosis showed no statistical difference from those beginning more recently (P=.69). Recent OC users within a year of diagnosis had a survival rate similar to that of other users who stopped the pills at least 1 year prior to diagnosis (P=.14). Our data suggest no adverse effects of OC use on the prognosis of breast cancer regardless of duration of use latency or recency period. (authors)
Increased androgen, anti-Müllerian hormone, and sporadic anovulation in healthy, eumenorrheic women: a mild PCOS-like phenotype?

Context: Hyperandrogenism is a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with irregular menses, yet the relationship between androgens and ovarian dysfunction remains poorly understood in eumenorrheic women. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether sporadic anovulation was associated with higher T and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH; marker of ovarian follicle count) concentrations in eumenorrheic women. Design: This was a prospective cohort study from 2005 to 2007. Setting: The study was conducted at the University of Buffalo in western New York state. Participants: A total of 259 eumenorrheic women without a self-reported history of infertility, PCOS, or other endocrine disorder participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Total T and AMH were measured five to eight times per cycle for one (n = 9) or two (n = 250) cycles per woman (n = 509 cycles) with timing of menstrual cycle phase assisted by fertility monitors. Anovulatory cycles were defined biochemically by proges...
THE MAJOR HISTONE‐LIKE PROTEIN FROM THE NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC DINOFLAGELLATE CRYPTHECODINIUM COHNII (PYRROPHYTA) IS PRESENT IN STATIONARY PHASE CULTURES1

An improved method is described for the isolation of nuclei from the nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii (Seligo) Chatton in Grasse. The new method results in an increase in yield from about 13% to 45% or higher, with no loss in purity or activity of endogenous RNA polymerase. Most of this increase in yield is from the ability of 25% Ficoll to cause many cells to shed their walls, and from the stabilizing effect of hexylene glycol during cell disruption. The histone-like protein, previously undetectable in chromatin from stationary phase cells, can now be demonstrated in chromatin from stationary as well as log phase cells. Preliminary experiments indicate that this protein inhibits transcription.
Sexual trauma and combat during deployment: associations with suicidal ideation among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans

Compelling evidence has emerged on the association between military sexual trauma and suicide attempt; however, research investigating how sexual trauma during deployment relates to suicidal ideation has received considerably less attention and has yielded mixed findings. Furthermore, such research has not accounted for other types of trauma that may occur during deployment. Our objectives were to examine whether sexual trauma during deployment was associated with recent suicidal ideation, adjusting for exposure to combat. Our sample included 199 Operation Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans entering inpatient trauma-focused treatment who completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck & Steer, ) and the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory Sexual Harassment and Combat Experiences Scales (King, King, Vogt, Knight, & Samper, ). Deployment-related sexual trauma was significantly associated with recent suicidal ideation, adjusting for age and gender (β = .18, ηp (2) = .03) and additionally for combat (β = .17, ηp (2) = .02). These findings underscore the importance of assessing for deployment-related sexual trauma when assessing suicide risk in OEF/OIF/OND veterans in inpatient settings.
Politics, markets and the organization of schools

that public and private schools are distinctively different in environment and organization. Most importantly, private schools are more likely to possess the characteristics widely believed to produce effectiveness. We argue throughout that the differences across the sectors are anchored in the logic of politics and markets. This argument derives from our belief that environmental context has pervasive consequences for the organization and operation of all schools and specifically that the key differences between public and private environments-and thus between public and private schools -derive from their characteristic methods of social control: the public schools are subordinates in a hierarchic system of democratic politics, whereas private schools are largely autonomous actors "controlled" by the market.
Effects of Prior Precipitation and Source Area Characteristics on Threshold Wind Velocities for Blowing Dust Episodes, Sonoran Desert 1948–78

Abstract A better understanding of the effects of precipitation and source area on blowing dust in the Sonoran Desert has been sought through the study of 1190 dust episodes occurring during the 1948–78 time period at Blythe, California, and Yuma, Arizona. Threshold mean hourly wind speeds (MHWSs) increase directly with prior precipitation in proportion to the inhibiting effect of the vegetation canopy, which blooms following periods of increased precipitation. Because of the time required for the vegetation canopy to fully develop and the persistence of the vegetation canopy once developed, correlation between the threshold MHWS and precipitation is highest for 4–6-month windows of total precipitation prior to each dust event at both stations. Many dust events associated with unusually low MHWSs are clustered in time, and these events can be correlated with interstate highway construction and soil preparation for new irrigation projects. Since threshold MHWSs for blowing dust lie well below the recorded ...
Optimal management of sentinel lymph node positive biopsy patients in early breast cancer.

What is the optimal management of a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with early stage breast cancer? Prior to the widespread adoption of SLN biopsy, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was considered to have both therapeutic and prognostic benefit. Multiple studies have shown the accuracy and predictive value of the SLN procedure (1) and randomized trials confirmed that patients with negative SLN could forgo ALND (2,3).
Spatial Variation of the Colonial State in Africa and its Consequences

One of the striking features of colonialism in sub-Saharan Africa was the spatial disparity of state building. The intensity of the colonial presence was high along the coast, in capital cities, and around sites of economic production, with a much lighter footprint often registered in the rest of the colony. Differential access to the modern state would have important consequences for identity formation and for the distribution of power after independence. While the uneven nature of state building in colonial Africa and its institutional legacies are well accepted, the subnational variation of the colonial state has not been systematically mapped out and analyzed. This paper introduces a new research project designed to fill this important gap in the literature. It focuses on subnational spatial variation in economic production, state infrastructure and societal incorporation across all African countries that experienced European colonization. After introducing the methodology employed to measure and map these three dimensions of colonial state building, it offers descriptive evidence from preliminary data collection efforts and sets out a future research agenda, including the link between colonial state geography and post-colonial economic development, democratization and conflict.
Category Application to the Object of Intuition: B-Deduction § 20

(Ti) is the claim that, roughly, H thinks that there is a single object that has the features that are presented by i’s elements. As we saw, in B-Deduction § 19 Kant argues that H’s (Ti) thought is or is part of a knowledge-yielding judgment about the object that H knows through i. He holds also that the logical functions of thought, through the holding of objective unity of apperception, determine the logical-form relations together of the concepts (or further judgments) in that judgment. Claim (C) of § 20 then is Kant’s claim that, because the logical functions determine the logical-form relations of the concepts in the judgment, the logical functions determine, also, the relation together of the conceptual elements of i’s manifold in such a way that the object that H thinks and knows through i is category-subsumed. In the present chapter we will see the details of Kant’s grounds for (C), and we will note various surprising aspects of these grounds and of his conception of (C). In Sections 2 to 7 we discuss in more detail than we so far have Kant’s view of the role of concepts in judgment; his accounts of the logical functions of thought, of the concept of an object in general, and of a category; and his exact understanding of the relation of logical-function application in a judgment to category application to the object known through that judgment. We also will note briefly the interesting relations that hold between Kant’s view of category application and Aristotelian views of judgment.
Myocardial stunning: a post-ischemic syndrome with delayed recovery.

The number of identifiable syndromes associated with ischemic heart disease is increasing. As our understanding of the various phenomena that produce ischemic syndromes improves, more complete care of our patients with ischemic abnormalities will be possible.
Secure Distribution of Spectrum Policies to Cognitive Radios in Unmanned Aircraft Systems

*† Unmanned aircraft systems compared to manned aircraft have an inherently greater need for wireless communication and associated spectrum to command and control the aircraft and its payload. Cognitive radios have the potential to increase the amount of available spectrum and improve spectrum management for wireless communication in unmanned aircraft systems. Spectrum access is dynamically managed through spectrum policies. This paper describes a model for secure distribution of these policies to the unmanned aircraft system ground control stations and analyzes its performance. It is shown that existing security mechanisms can be used to provide secure distribution, that the performance requirements are modest, and the system is robust to outages and denial of service attacks. Nomenclature pi = ith policy si = size of policy pi ti = time that policy pi is valid R = data rate N = number of entities accessing a policy I. Overview
Linking dominant Hawaiian tree species to understory development in recovering pastures via impacts on soils and litter

Large areas of tropical forest have been cleared and planted with exotic grass species for use as cattle pasture. These often remain persistent grasslands after grazer removal, which is problematic for restoring native forest communities. It is often hoped that remnant and/or planted trees can jump-start forest succession; however, there is little mechanistic information on how different canopy species affect community trajectories. To investigate this, I surveyed understory communities, exotic grass biomass, standing litter pools, and soil properties under two dominant canopy trees—Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) and Acacia koa (koa)—in recovering Hawaiian forests. I then used structural equation models (SEMs) to elucidate direct and indirect effects of trees on native understory. Native understory communities developed under ‘ōhi‘a, which had larger standing litter pools, lower soil nitrogen, and lower exotic grass biomass than koa. This pattern was variable, potentially due to historical site differences and/or distance to intact forest. Koa, in contrast, showed little understory development. Instead, data suggest that increased soil nitrogen under koa leads to high grass biomass that stalls native recruitment. SEMs suggested that indirect effects of trees via litter and soils were as or more important than direct effects for determining native cover. It is suggested that diverse plantings which incorporate species that have high carbon to nitrogen ratios may help ameliorate the negative indirect effects of koa on natural understory regeneration.
A Bioprinted Liver-on-a-Chip for Drug Screening Applications

The need for a liver-on-a-chip tissue model for drug screening is particularly important in tissue engineering because of the high frequency of drug-induced liver injury. Recently, a liver tissue model conducive to hepatotoxicity testing was developed by bioprinting hepatic spheroids encapsulated in a hydrogel scaffold into a microfluidic device.
Mass Deacidification: Universal Cure or Limited Solution?

This article is a modified version of a paper presented at the 1992 annual meeting of the National Association of Government Archives and Records Administrators held in Washington on 15--18 July 1992. The author expresses special thanks to Ellen Desmarais, director of the Conservation Treatment Division, Archives Preservation Branch at the National Archives of Canada, for her contribution. Responsible for the management and operations of the Mass Deacidification System of the National Archives of Canada, she kindly agreed to provide input and to revise this paper.Long-term preservation of paper archives produced since the middle of the nineteenth century represents a major challenge for the archival and library communities. The massive use of wood pulp to produce newspapers, books, and records has made a large portion of the documentary heritage vulnerable, particularly to acidity. Like many other cultural organizations, the National Archives and the National Library of Canada both have been searching for...
Monads for incremental computing: Functional pearl

This paper presents a monadic approach to incremental computation, suitable for purely functional languages such as Haskell. A program that uses incremental computation is able to perform an incremental amount of computation to accommodate for changes in input data. Recently, Acar, Blelloch and Harper presented a small Standard ML library that supports efficient, high-level incremental computations [1]. Here, we present a monadic variant of that library, written in Haskell extended with first-class references. By using monads, not only are we able to provide a purely functional interface to the library, the types also enforce correct usage without having to resort to any type-system extension. We also find optimization opportunities based on standard monadic combinators. This is an exercise in putting to work monad transformers with environments, references, and continuations.
Tolerance of polymer-zeolite composite membranes to mechanical strain

Abstract Numerous studies have been reported for zeolite membranes grown on inflexible supports, such as alumina and metals, and examined for gas transport measurements. Polymer membranes are also used for gas separations, and have a far greater practical impact, primarily because of lower cost. Polymer membranes are made by rapid roll to roll methods, and large quantities can be generated, whereas zeolite membranes are typically made in a batch fashion at much smaller sizes. Because the mechanism of gas transport between zeolites and polymers is different, zeolite membranes have certain performance advantages. Combining the attributes of both zeolites and polymers in a membrane is of significant interest. In this paper, we examine two types of zeolite polymer membranes based on faujasitic zeolites, one with zeolite grown on top of porous polyethersulfone (Type I), and the second where the zeolite is grown within the pores of the porous polymer (Type II). We have previously reported that both Type I and II membranes perform satisfactorily for CO 2 /N 2 separation. However, Type I membranes’ performance is less reproducible and more sensitive to handling. In this study, we explore the elastic properties of these two types of membranes using Peak Force Quantitative Nanomechanical Measurement (PFQNM) technique by Atomic Force Microscopy. It is found that Type II membranes have lower elastic modulus even though the zeolite thickness in these membranes exceeds those of Type I membranes by an order of magnitude. Mechanical stress leads to cracks within the zeolite layer for both types of membranes, though Type II membranes tolerate higher stress. We propose that the higher stress-resistance of the Type II membranes arises because the polymer surrounding the zeolite acts to arrest the crack propagation. The genesis of cracking and elastic property measurements by AFM will be relevant for other polymer-inorganic composites, where an inorganic film exists on/within a polymer.
Mimesis and Informatics in The Information

In The Information (1995), fiction has entered a world whose dominant cultural form is named by its title. Martin Amis’s darkly comic tale of literary rivalry does not merely anatomize authorial envy, midlife masculinity, or the high-octane literary scene of the 1990s, but ultimately views these subjects in relation to an era of information overkill, multimedia saturation, and the conversion of cultural expression into “content.” More explicitly than Amis’s earlier novels, The Information locates itself, and literature, within the contemporary media ecology — an information environment on the verge of the Internet Age. The novel treats successful authorship as a media phenomenon — a familiar insight to which Amis brings considerable wit and nuance as well as the inbuilt irony of his own celebrity. But the informatic orientation of The Information also operates more generally, shaping the novel on virtually every level, from its invocations of astrophysics to its self-reflexiveness and store of metaphors. Most strikingly, it enters the texture of the novel’s mimesis, its stylized and self-conscious realism.1
Urban economic theory: Urban aggregates and city sizes

Introduction In the preceding three chapters, we examined the spatial structure of cities. We now turn our attention from spatial structure to urban aggregates . That is, within the same context of monocentric cities, we examine the relations among urban macrovariables such as the population, total income, total land rent, and total transport cost of a city. We also examine, in various contexts, the equilibrium city size and optimal city size. This chapter, therefore, provides a connection between urban land use theory and city-system theory. It deals with a simple case in which all households of the economy are assumed to be identical. In the study of equilibrium and optimal city sizes, it is essential first to know why cities exist. Thus, in Section 5.2 we discuss various causes of urban agglomeration. In general, the equilibrium city size is determined at the intersection between the population supply curve and population demand curve of the city. And in determining the optimal city size, the surplus function of the city must be maximized. In deriving these curves and function, we need to know the relationships among economic aggregates in the city. Hence, in Section 5.3 we obtain some general accounting relationships among urban aggregates. Then, in Section 5.4, on the basis of these accounting relationships, we obtain the population supply function and population cost function. After these preliminary analyses, in Sections 5.5 to 5.7 we examine the equilibrium and optimal city sizes in different contexts.
Emotion technology, wearables, and surprises

Could we help people have healthier lives and better experiences if computers could measure and help communicate our emotion? Years ago, my students at MIT and I began to design, build, and test both wearable and other sensors for recognizing emotion. We designed studies, gathered data, and developed signal processing and machine learning techniques to see what could be reliably extracted. In this talk I will highlight several of the most surprising findings during this adventure. These include new insights about the "true smile of happiness," discovering that regular cameras (and your smartphone, even in your handbag) can compute some of your biosignals, finding electrical signals on the wrist that give insight into deep brain activity, and learning surprising implications of wearable sensing for autism, anxiety, depression, sleep-memory consolidation, epilepsy, and more.
A scalable enhanced implementation of pulse shape analysis for /sup 76/Ge double-beta decay

Recent evidence for neutrino mass has resulted from numerous neutrino oscillation experiments. These results have prompted increased interest in neutrinoless double-beta decay (0/spl nu/ /spl beta//spl beta/-decay). Unlike neutrino oscillation experiments, 0/spl nu/ /spl beta//spl beta/-decay can probe the effective neutrino mass range suggested by oscillation results as well as the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino. Searching for 0/spl nu/ /spl beta//spl beta/-decay using HPGe spectrometers made of enriched (86%) /sup 76/Ge is a technique favored by current and next-generation experiments. The long half-lives of /spl beta//spl beta/ decay makes detection challenging and low background levels necessary. With important remaining backgrounds due to cosmogenic activation products in the germanium itself (/sup 60/Co,/sup 68/Ge), techniques for discriminating background events from 0/spl nu/ /spl beta//spl beta/-decay are critical. Previous work resulted in a technique which, by extracting interaction multiplicity from the shape of the current pulse evolved in an HPGe spectrometer, allowed discrimination of 0/spl nu/ /spl beta//spl beta/-decay events with low interaction multiplicity from the expected background events having much higher interaction multiplicity. This work describes an enhanced implementation with faster algorithms and a scalable C++ architecture more suitable for next-generation experiments. The performance of this new implementation of a self-calibrating 3-D parametric discriminator is demonstrated and compared to the previous work.
Essential Evidence-Based Medicine, 2nd Edition

Edited by Dan Mayer, M.D. Published by Cambridge University Press, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, NY 10994-2133, 2010. 442 p. Price $57.99 (soft cover). This book on evidence-based medicine was developed in association with a course at the Albany Medical College for their longitudinal
An interview with Terry Lenhardt, vice president and chief information officer, Steelcase, Inc.

Terry Lenhardt is vice president and chief information officer for Steelcase Inc., a global leader in the office furniture industry where he oversees all of Steelcase’s information technology (IT) ...
Social engagement and physical activity: Commentary on why the activity and disengagement theories of ageing may both be valid

There is a stark contrast between the activity and disengagement theories in terms of what they say is the level of social engagement and physical activity associated with the population of elderly...
Preliminary results of miniaturized and robust ultrasound guided diffuse optical tomography system for breast cancer detection

According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands of women each year. Near infrared diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has demonstrated a great potential as an adjunct modality for differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions and for monitoring treatment response of patients with locally advanced breast cancers. The path toward commercialization of DOT techniques depends upon the improvement of robustness and user-friendliness of this technique in hardware and software. In the past, our group have developed three frequency domain prototype systems which were used in several clinical studies. In this study, we introduce our newly under development US-guided DOT system which is being improved in terms of size, robustness and user friendliness by several custom electronic and mechanical design. A new and robust probe designed to reduce preparation time in clinical process. The processing procedure, data selection and user interface software also updated. With all these improvements, our new system is more robust and accurate which is one step closer to commercialization and wide use of this technology in clinical settings. This system is aimed to be used by minimally trained user in the clinical settings with robust performance. The system performance has been tested in the phantom experiment and initial results are demonstrated in this study. We are currently working on finalizing this system and do further testing to validate the performance of this system. We are aiming toward use of this system in clinical setting for patients with breast cancer.
Novel Analytic Technique for PID and PIDA Controller Design

Abstract In this paper a new design technique for a proportional, integral, derivative (PID) and a proportional, integral, derivative and accelcration (PIDA) controller to satisfy specifications for transient and steady state response of a third order plant are presented. Based on the s-plane technique, the closed loop roots are forced to line up on one vertical hue to satisfy the given specifications. The PID or the PIDA controller values are analytically calculated by equating two characteristic equations: one is formed from desired root locations with specifications based on the design criteria, and another one is formed from the nominal control structure as shown in Figure 1. Thus the calculation of values of controllers is so straight forward that one can readily generate a PIDA controller to satisfy given specifications.
Systematic Socialization: Observations on a Programmed Environment for the Habilitation of Antisocial Retardates

The general efficacy of a token economy in controlling the behavior of 12 delinquent retardates is discussed. The paper is based on informal observations made by the author while employed 3 months as an attendant and 2 months as a research assistant on the token system unit. The basic problem noted was certain crucial uncontrolled contingencies that determined much of inmate behavior and much attendant behavior toward the inmates. These contingencies were the same as those which predominated in the rest of the institution. Areas of more effective control are also discussed and it is concluded that a modification of the techniques involved would be necessary and sufficient to correct these problems.
Corrections to the self-consistent Born approximation for Weyl fermions

The average density of states of two- and three-dimensional Weyl fermions is studied in the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) and its corrections. The latter have been organized in terms of a $1/N$ expansion. It turns out that an expansion in terms of the disorder strength is not applicable, as previously mentioned by other authors. Nevertheless, the $1/N$ expansion provides a justification of the SCBA as the large $N$ limit of Weyl fermions.
Brain Rhythms and the EEG

Exploration of the organization and function of the brain has been paced by gradual developments in understanding of the electrical nature of the nervous system. Walter (1953) tells the story of two Prussian army physicians dashing about the battlefield with their primitive Galvanic current stimulator, applying electric currents to the exposed brains of recently deceased soldiers. Like Galvani’s dramatic demonstration with frog legs, they demonstrated limb movement in response to stimulation of contralateral brain areas. That was 1870. Today extensive technical advances have been made in methods of stimulation and recording from the brain, and stimulation continues to be a principal technique for investigation of neuronal pathways and behavior. The use of microelectrodes and stereotaxic techniques enables accurate placement of depth electrodes in subcortical and cortical targets. Neuronal responses to stimulation can be recorded by electrodes placed in strategic locations and can be analyzed for time delays between various electrode placements, wave formation changes, and other parameters with the hope of elucidating the mechanisms of neuronal transmission and responsivity. Obviously, this technique cannot be used extensively with human subjects, and it presents a methodological problem in being a nonphysiological technique; the stimulation is an artificial input not generated by the brain’s own mechanisms.
Impact of body mass index on open ventral hernia repair: A retrospective review.

Background A large proportion of patients presenting for ventral hernia repair are obese. It remains unclear, however, whether the degree of obesity is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes after ventral hernia repair. This study aims to characterize the influence of body mass index class on postoperative complications after open ventral hernia repair. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the database of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2015. Patients were stratified into 7 body mass index classes, as well as by type of hernia (reducible versus strangulated) and time of repair (initial versus recurrent). We determined the relationships between body mass index class and patient demographics, comorbidities, and risk of perioperative complications. Results Our cohort consisted of 102,191 patients, 58.5% of whom were obese. When stratified by body mass index class, higher classes were associated with all postoperative complications ( P P P Conclusion Increased body mass index is a risk factor for operative, medical, and respiratory complications after open ventral hernia repair. Patients with body mass index >40 kg/m 2 have greater than twice the risk for complications with odds ratios increasing with increasing body mass index class. Strategies to encourage weight loss may need to be considered seriously prior to open ventral hernia repair, especially for patients with body mass index >40 kg/m 2 .
Impact of Diabetes Simulation on Empathy in Pharmacy Students

Objective: To assess the impact of a diabetes simulation activity on empathy in pharmacy studentsMethods: University of Findlay pharmacy students enrolled in an elective diabetes course were required to do a 3-day diabetes simulation. Pre- and post- activity survey questions were administered to assess the effect of the simulation activity on empathy. Students maintained daily logs of their actual blood glucose readings (tested two times a day), pre-meal simulated blood glucose readings, and simulated insulin doses. Students were required to take a placebo oral medication and to respond (and document their approach) to a simulated hypo- or hyperglycemic event.Results: The pre- and post-activity survey results indicated statistically significant changes in responses regarding empathy.Conclusion: This three-day diabetes simulation increased student empathy and increased student confidence in managing select aspects of diabetes.
Correlated fission data measurements with DANCE and NEUANCE

Abstract To enhance the capabilities of the DANCE array, a new detector array NEUANCE was developed to enable simultaneous measurements of prompt fission neutrons and γ rays. NEUANCE was designed and constructed using 21 stilbene organic scintillator crystals. It was installed in the central cavity of the DANCE array. Signals from the 160 BaF 2 detectors of DANCE and the 21 detectors of NEUANCE were merged into a newly designed high-density high-throughput data acquisition system. The excellent pulse shape discrimination properties of stilbene enabled detection of neutrons with energy thresholds as low as 30–40 keVee. A fission reaction tagging method was developed using a NEUANCE γ -ray or neutron signal. The probability of detecting a neutron from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using NEUANCE is ∼ 47%. New correlated data for prompt fission neutrons and prompt fission γ rays were obtained for 252 Cf using this high detection efficiency experimental setup. Average properties of prompt fission neutron emission as a function of prompt fission γ -ray quantities were also obtained, suggesting that neutron and γ -ray emission in fission are correlated.
Reappraisal of Ethnic Minority Issues

Ethnic minorities often have been highly critical of research on problems concerning race relations. Controversy has occurred in areas such as intelligence (Jorgensen, 1973; Williams, 1974), personality and ethnic identity (Banks, 1976; Brand, Ruiz, & Padilla, 1974; Nobles, 1973), mental health (Gynther, 1972; Sue, Sue, & Sue, 1975), and family structure (Gordon, 1973; Trimble, 1976). Invariably, criticisms focus on the use of culturally biased measures, inattention to ethnic response sets, invalid interpretations of minority behavior from an Anglo-Saxon perspective, lack of norms for evaluating ethnic responses, and effects of the experimenter’s race on subjects’ behavior.
Using eye-tracking to model attribute non-attendance in choice experiments

We investigate revealed attribute attendance in discrete choice experiments using eye-tracking. A simple theoretical framework is proposed in which choices are a function of visual attention. Consi...
A Meta-Review of IS Health IT Research and Development of a New Framework

In the past decade, research on healthcare IT (HIT) has become an established domain in the IS field [33]. Given the large number of HIT papers published in IS journals, as well as the many special issues dedicated to HIT, and the role of IS special interest groups (e.g., AIS SIG Health) and specialized HIT conferences, it is time to take stock of the contributions of the IS community with regard to HIT. This paper provides a meta-review of HIT research - a review of nine prior IS HIT review papers from journals and conferences. Based on insights from our analysis, we create a new framework to classify IS HIT research (the PRECIOUS model). We argue that our framework leverages and extends the well-known PICO framework used in medical research to render it useful for IS scholars who seek to locate or classify the contributions of IS scholars to HIT research. In creating our PRECIOUS model, we also seek to remedy several problems that have previously been noted regarding the limitations of the conventional PICO model.
Death as Volition: Suicide in the Early Azorín

La muerte en Azorin es una constante desde sus primeros relatos de fines del siglo XIX hasta sus obras mas maduras de la decada de los cuarenta. Este articulo analiza el suicidio en Buscapies (1894 ), Bohemia (1897 ) y Diario de un enfermo (1901). Con la publicacion de La voluntad en 1902 , los personajes desmuestran una voluntad insuficiente para suicidarse. En cambio, los personajes en obras anteriores manifiestan su determinacion para escapar de situaciones insoportables por medio del suicidio. Demuestro que el suicidio es consecuencia de una decision desesperada y de un conflicto entre palabras, escritura y existencia al que se enfrentan los protagonistasescritores de Bohemia y Diario de un enfermo . En el caso del politico de Buscapies consituye asimismo una clara condena del gobierno espanol de la Restauracion.