cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Head entrapment and neonatal otucome by mode of delivery in breech deliveries from twenty-four to twenty-seven weeks of gestation

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to determine whether there are differences in the incidence of head entrapment and adverse neonatal otucome by mode of delivery in breech deliveries from 24 to 27 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Charts of 132 viable consecutive singleton breech deliveries from 24 to 27 weeks' gestation were reviewed. Statistical methods used included χ 2 , logistic regression, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Head entrapment occurred in four of 43 (9.3%) vaginally delivered neonates and five of 89 (5.6%) neonates delivered by cesarean section ( p = 0.17). The only identifiable risk factor for head entrapment was the birth weight category 1000 to 1249 gm (odds ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 26.1). There were no statistically significant associations between head entrapment and adverse neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There did not appear to be a difference in the incidence of head entrapment by mode of delivery for breech infants at 24 to 27 weeks' gestation, nor did there appear to be a difference in adverse neonatal otucomes after entrapment. However, this latter conclusion has limited power because of the small number of head entrapment cases.
The Challenges Of Child Mental Health Services Research

This article presents challenges facing child mental health services research in its context as a recently developed field of research and the contributions made by six articles in this issue. Thes...
Lessons Learned about Disseminating Health Curricula to Schools

(1995). Lessons Learned about Disseminating Health Curricula to Schools. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 37-43.
Left Atrial Size and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in an Ethnically Mixed Population

Background and Purpose—The association between left atrial size and ischemic stroke is controversial and has been suggested to exist only in men and to be mediated by left ventricular mass. Data are available almost exclusively for white patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between left atrial size and ischemic stroke in a multiethnic population. Methods—A population-based case-control study was conducted in 352 patients aged >39 years with first ischemic stroke and in 369 age-, gender-, and race-ethnicity–matched community controls. Left atrial diameter was measured by 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and indexed by body surface area. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of stroke associated with left atrial index in the overall group and in the age, gender, and race-ethnic strata after adjustment for the presence of other stroke risk factors. Results—Left atrial index was associated with ischemic stroke in the overall group ...
The Na/K pump, resting potential and selective permeability in canine Purkinje fibres at physiologic and room temperatures.

All mammalian cells maintain a resting potential generated by ions moving down concentration gradients. In excitable cells, the inside potential is negative relative to outside. In order to maintain this electrochemical gradient, the sodium potassium (Na/K) pump actively transports out three sodium ions for every two potassium ions it brings in. This process generates a net outward current and thus hyperpolaizes the resting potential. I employed dihydroouabain (DHO) to inhibit the Na/K pump and thus measure its contribution to the resting potential. It contributed 9.0 mV at 34°C and 3.8 mV at 25°C. The PK/PNa ratios were calculated at both temperatures before and after subtracting the Na/K pump contribution. These ratios also suggested a decreased contribution of the Na/K pump under hypothermia. Taken together, these results suggest that the pump contribution to the resting potential is more significant at physiologic temperatures (34°C) than at room temperature (25°C), and that estimates of selective permeability can only be accurately obtained after assessing and eliminating the Na/K pump contribution to the resting potential.
Analysis and applications of Priest's distillation

Correcting an infinite loop in Douglas M. Priest's renormalization algorithm, the theory proved here supports streamlined algorithms to resolve the tablemaker's dilemma for the floating-point computation of real and complex sums and dot-products, properly rounded to the ultimate digit. Applications include computations of areas, volumes, and intersections.
Motion and Capture of Granules in Synaptic Boutons

We have been using GFP imaging to study neuropeptide granule and signaling dynamics in the intact Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Expression of a GFP-tagged neuropeptide first revealed that a brief tetanus increases resident granule mobility for many minutes. Mobilization and the accompanying post-tetanic potentiation of release are induced by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from presynaptic endoplasmic reticulum, which then activates Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII). Monitoring CamKII with a FRET-based indicator shows that the enzyme is activated in the cytoplasm and then translocates to active zones, where small synaptic vesicles undergo exocytosis. CamKII also induces replacement of granules in the nerve terminal by tapping into the flow of granules transiting through en passant synaptic boutons. Surprisingly, this activity-dependent capture occurs while granules are moving in the retrograde direction. To determine the route taken by granules to generate this retrograde flux, single granules were tracked for minutes. At rest, granules explore the nerve terminal in a circuitous journey to and from the most distal bouton with rare capture events along the way. Thus, granule distribution and replacement are not limited by synthesis or axonal transport. Rather, granule mobility and capture are locally controlled in nerve terminal boutons to support release.
Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions of the Anionic Surfactant NaDDBS

The insolubility of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in either water or organic solvents has been a limitation for the practical application of this unique material. Recent studies have demonstrated that the suspendability of SWNT can be greatly enhanced by employing appropriate surfactants. Although the efficiency of anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants has been demonstrated to different extents, the exact mechanism by which carbon nanotubes and the different surfactants interact is still uncertain. To deepen the understanding of this interfacial phenomenon, we have investigated the effects of chemical modifications of the surface on the extent of nanotube-surfactant interaction. Such changes in the surface chemistry of the SWNT can be achieved by simply varying the pretreatment method, which can be acidic or basic. We have found that intrinsic surface properties such as the PZC (point of zero charge) are greatly affected by the purification method. That is, the electrical charge of the SWNT surface varies with the pH of the surrounding media. However, it has been found that during the adsorption of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) on SWNT Coulombic forces do not play a central role, but are overcome by the hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant tail and the nanotube walls. Only at pH values far from the PZC do the Coulombic forces become important. The hydrophobic forces between the surfactant tail and the nanotube determine the structure of the surfactant-stabilized nanotubes. In such a structure, each nanotube is covered by a monolayer of surfactant molecules in which the heads form a compact outer surface while the tails remain in contact with the nanotube walls. It is important to note that although the final configuration can be described as a cylindrical micelle with a nanotube in the center, the mechanism of formation of this structure does not proceed by incorporation of a nanotube into a micelle, but rather by a two-step adsorption that ends up in the formation of a surfactant monolayer.
Low-coordination sites in oxygen-reduction electrocatalysis: their roles and methods for removal.

Low-coordination sites, including edges, kinks, and defects, play an important role in oxygen-reduction electrocatalysis. Their role was studied experimentally and theoretically for various Pt surfaces. However, the roughness effect on similar-sized nanoparticles that could elucidate the role of low-coordination sites has attracted much less attention, with no studies on Pd nanoparticles. Here, using Br- adsorption/desorption, we introduce an effective approach to reduce surface roughness, yielding Pd nanoparticles with smoother surfaces and an increased number of (111)-oriented facets. The resulting nanoparticles have a slightly contracted structure and narrow size distribution. Pt monolayer catalysts that contain such nanoparticles as the cores showed a 1.5-fold enhancement in specific and Pt mass activities for the oxygen reduction reaction compared with untreated ones. Furthermore, a dramatic increase in durability was observed with bromide-treated Pd3Co cores. These results demonstrate a simple appro...
Hypermethylation of the DLC1 CpG island does not alter gene expression in canine lymphoma

Background: This study is a comparative epigenetic evaluation of the methylation status of the DLC1 tumor suppressor gene in naturally-occurring canine lymphoma. Canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been proposed to be a relevant preclinical model that occurs spontaneously and may share causative factors with human NHL due to a shared home environment. The canine DLC1 mRNA sequence was derived from normal tissue. Using lymphoid samples from 21 dogs with NHL and 7 normal dogs, the methylation status of the promoter CpG island of the gene was defined for each sample using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and bisulfite sequencing methods. Relative gene expression was determined using real-time PCR. Results: The mRNA sequence of canine DLC1 is highly similar to the human orthologue and contains all protein functional groups, with 97% or greater similarity in functional regions. Hypermethylation of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the promoter was statistically significantly associated with the NHL phenotype, but was not associated with silencing of expression or differences in survival. Conclusion: The canine DLC1 is constructed highly similarly to the human gene, which has been shown to be an important tumor suppressor in many forms of cancer. As in human NHL, the promoter CpG island of DLC1 in canine NHL samples is abnormally hypermethylated, relative to normal lymphoid tissue. This study confirms that hypermethylation occurs in canine cancers, further supporting the use of companion dogs as comparative models of disease for evaluation of carcinogenesis, biomarker diagnosis, and therapy.
ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE, A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abruptio placentae fatal to the fetus or neonate was studied in a prospective series of 59,379 pregnancies with approximately 60,000,000 pieces of data used in the analyses. All diagnoses were made by a single pathologist. The fatal disorder had a frequency of 4.0/1000 live births. Necrosis of the decidua basalis at the placental margin, thrombosis of decidual arteries and large placental infarcts were the most characteristic placental abnormalities. The decidual necrosis was strongly correlated with gravidas' smoking and pregnancy weight gain. There was a parallel fetal growth retardation indicating that maternal under-nutrition may have contributed to the abruptions. An increased frequency of decidual necrosis at the placental margin was also found in successful, non-abruption pregnancies when the gravida smoked and when they had suboptimal pregnancy weight gains. An increased frequency of intrapartum but not prepartum maternal hypertension was observed in the fatal abruptio cases. Perinatal death was 42% more frequent in males than in females. The frequency of fatal abruptio was 86% greater when gravida made 0-2 clinic visits for prenatal care than when they made 5 or more such visits. This appeared related to weight gain, women who made more visits had higher weight gains at each gestational age than women who made fewer visits. (Supported by U.S.P.H.S. contract N01-NS-3-2311).
Increased jejunal IgA synthesis in vitro during acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis.

Employing a solid-phase immunoadsorbant technique,in vitro jejunal IgA production was measured in volunteers before, during, and after infection with the Norwalk agent of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. In 4 volunteers who became ill with this disease, there was a significant rise in jejunal IgA production in convalescent biopsies taken 2 weeks following infection, when compared with changes in the 3 volunteers who did not become ill. The possible role of local immunity in the response to nonbacterial gastroenteritis is discussed.
The relationship of the cell surface to metabolism. IV. The role of cell surface phosphatases of yeast

Report describing the role of phosphates in the overall economy of the yeast cell. This report includes research methods, results, and a discussion of these results.
Bound donor-acceptor edge luminescence line shapes in CdS

Abstract The principal contribution to the linewidth of the bound donor-acceptor luminescence spectra is shown to be due to coupling with the 5.5 meV TO phonon, with electron-phonon strength parameter equal to that of the 38.5 meV LO phonon. By including the Coulomb pair interactions, and in addition a Lorentzian-shaped Coulomb contribution from all other charged defects, excellent agreement with the lineshapes observed in the time-resolved mode is obtained over the entire range of delay times utilized (10 micros – 100 ms) for bulk and platelet samples of various defect concentrations. This permits relating the energy of the observed luminescence line maximum to the pair Coulomb energy corresponding to that delay, resulting in an improved determination of W o , the donor-acceptor radiative transition rate for complete donor-acceptor wavefunction overlap. The effect of a particular type of heat treatment upon W o is also presented.
Integral approach to plant linear dynamic reconciliation

An integral method is proposed that performs dynamic data reconciliation on linear systems, in contrast with recent methods that utilize differential algebraic equations. The differential equations representing this system are first rearranged to obtain a system of equations containing only redundant measurements. These equations are formally integrated using polynomial approximations, and the reconciliation is then performed using analytical solutions. A new statistic to detect gross errors is proposed, and a procedure to detect biased measurement is presented.
Differences in Responses from the Cochleae and Central Nervous Systems of Females with Low versus High Acceptable Noise Levels

Studies of acceptable noise level (ANL) consistently report large intersubject variability in acceptance of background noise while listening to speech. This variability is not related to age, gender, hearing sensitivity, type of background noise, speech perception in noise performance, or efferent activity of the medial olivocochlear pathway. An exploratory study was conducted to determine if differences in aggregate responses from the peripheral and central auditory system can account for intersubject variability in ANL. Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs), binaural auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and middle latency responses (MLRs) were measured in females with normal hearing with low (n = 6) versus high (n = 7) ANLs. Results of this preliminary study indicate no differences between the groups for CEOAEs or waves I or III of the ABR. Differences between the two groups emerge for the amplitudes of wave V of the ABR and for the Na-Pa component of the MLR, suggesting that physiological variations arising from more central regions of the auditory system may mediate background noise acceptance.
Rapid slide technique with dextranomer beads for bacteriologic assessment of wounds in the elderly: comparison with quantitative biopsy method.

: A rapid slide technique to provide quantitative bacteriologic assessment of wounds in elderly and debilitated patients is described. It involves the use of material from dextranomer-bead (Debrisan) wound dressings to replace tissue biopsy for deciding when a wound is ready for closure or when a specific therapy is no longer efficacious. In 27 patients an 81 percent correlation was demonstrated between the bacterial count as determined by the new method and that determined by the more complicated tissue biopsy.
Molecular Dynamics Study on the Coalescence of Cu Nanoparticles and Their Deposition on the Cu Substrate

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the coalescence of Cu nanoparticles and their deposition on a Cu substrate at various temperatures from 400 K to 1,000 K using the embedded atom method (EAM). The x-z plane projection, spreading index, coalescence index, and pair-correlation distribution were analyzed to gain more insight into the sintering process. Simulation results showed that even at a low temperature of 400 K, metal spheres can be collapsed and deposited on the substrate. Yet higher temperatures were helpful in enhancing the degree of collapsing and deposition.
Extension of the Generalized Dykstra- Parsons Technique to Polymer Flooding in Stratified Porous Media

This paper presents an analytical solution for oil recovery from a stratified reservoir during a polymer flood. Although the model used in the derivation does not incorporate several of the mechanisms and characteristics of a actual polymer-flooding displacement process, the analytical solution provides some interesting information concerning the effects of slug sizes, gelling, and permeability reduction. Computational costs are very small for the program.
Evaluation of Long-Term Response of Intertidal Creek Nekton to Phragmites australis (Common Reed) Removal in Oligohaline Delaware Bay Salt Marshes

In the oligohaline Alloway Creek watershed of the upper Delaware Bay, invasive Phragmites australis (Common reed; hereafter Phragmites) has been removed in an attempt to restore tidal marshes to pre-invasion form and function. In order to determine the effects of Phragmites on nekton use of intertidal creeks and to evaluate the success of this restoration, intertidal creek nekton assemblages were sampled with weirs from May to November for 7 years (1999-2005) in three marsh types: natural Spartina alterniflora (Smooth cordgrass; hereafter Spartina), sites treated for Phragmites removal (hereafter referred to as Treated), and invasive Phragmites marshes. Replicate intertidal creek collections in all three marsh types consisted primarily of resident nekton and were dominated by a relatively low number of ubiquitous intertidal species. The Treated marsh nekton assemblage was distinguished by greater abundances of most nekton, especially Fundulus heteroclitus (Mummichog). Phragmites had little impact on nekton use of intertidal creeks over this period as evidenced by similar nekton assemblages in the Spartina and Phragmites marshes for most years. Long-term assemblage-level analyses and nekton abundances indicated that the Treated marsh provided enhanced conditions for intertidal creek nekton. The response of intertidal creek nekton suggests that the stage of the restoration may influence the results of comparisons between the marsh types and should be considered when evaluating marsh restorations.
Identification of a new mutation in platelet glycoprotein IX (GPIX) in a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

We describe a new mutation in glycoprotein IX (GPIX) in a patient with Bernard–Soulier syndrome (BSS). Sequencing of GPIX revealed a homozygous (TC) transition at nucleotide 1717 (GenBank/HUMGPIX/M80478), resulting in a Cys8 (TGT)Arg (CGT) replacement in the mature peptide. DNA restriction enzyme analysis using BsaAI revealed that the patient was homozygous and that his parents were heterozygous for the defect. This mutation disrupts a putative disulphide bond between the Cys8 and Cys12 that would alter the secondary structure of GPIX and which probably accounts for the absence of the GPIb/IX/V complex from the platelet surface in this patient.
Combined analysis of sMRI and fMRI imaging data provides accurate disease markers for hearing impairment

In this research, we developed a robust two-layer classifier that can accurately classify normal hearing (NH) from hearing impaired (HI) infants with congenital sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) based on their Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Unlike traditional methods that examine the intensity of each single voxel, we extracted high-level features to characterize the structural MR images (sMRI) and functional MR images (fMRI). The Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm was employed to detect and describe the local features in sMRI. For fMRI, we constructed contrast maps and detected the most activated/de-activated regions in each individual. Based on those salient regions occurring across individuals, the bag-of-words strategy was introduced to vectorize the contrast maps. We then used a two-layer model to integrate these two types of features together. With the leave-one-out cross-validation approach, this integrated model achieved an AUC score of 0.90. Additionally, our algorithm highlighted several important brain regions that differentiated between NH and HI children. Some of these regions, e.g. planum temporale and angular gyrus, were well known auditory and visual language association regions. Others, e.g. the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), were not necessarily expected to play a role in differentiating HI from NH children and provided a new understanding of brain function and of the disorder itself. These important brain regions provided clues about neuroimaging markers that may be relevant to the future use of functional neuroimaging to guide predictions about speech and language outcomes in HI infants who receive a cochlear implant. This type of prognostic information could be extremely useful and is currently not available to clinicians by any other means.
Optimal inspection policy in sequential screening

Under sequential screening, a production lot is inspected item-by-item; the decision is made after inspecting each item whether to inspect another item or to reject the remainder of the lot; and thus uninspected items are never accepted. This screening process is a special case of the sequential sampling considered in Wortham and Wilson 1971. The process is formulated as an optimal stopping problem using a Bayesian approach. Based on an analysis of the structural properties of the optimal policy, a backward-recursive optimal algorithm, which is more efficient than the existing algorithm for optimal sequential sampling, is developed.
Seasonal Variability of Diazotroph Assemblages Associated with the Rhizosphere of the Salt Marsh Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora

Nitrogen fixation is the primary N source in the highly productive but N-limited North Inlet, SC, USA salt marsh system. The diverse assemblages of nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria associated with the rhizospheres of the short and tall growth forms of Spartina alterniflora were analyzed at two sites, Crab Haul Creek and Goat Island, which are in different tidal creek drainage systems in this marsh. The sites differed in proximity to the main channel for tidal intrusion and in several edaphic parameters. We hypothesized that either the differing abiotic environmental regimes of the two sites or the variation due to seasonal effects result in differences in the diazotroph assemblage. Rhizosphere samples were collected seasonally during 1999 and 2000. DNA was purified and nifH amplified for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of diazotroph assemblage composition. Principal components analysis was used to analyze the binary DGGE band position data. Season strongly influenced assemblage composition and biplots were used to identify bands that significantly affected the seasonal and site-specific clustering. The types of organisms that were most responsive to seasonal or site variability were identified on the basis of DGGE band sequences. Seasonally responsive members of the anaerobic diazotrophs were detected during the winter and postsenescence conditions and may have been responsible for elevated pore water sulfide concentrations. Sequences from a diverse assemblage of Gammaproteobacteria were predominant during growth periods of S. alterniflora. Abiotic environmental parameters strongly influenced both the S. alterniflora and the diazotrophic bacterial assemblages associated with this keystone salt marsh plant species.
Analysis of Kiton Red S dye degradation effects on the output energy of the pulsed organic dye laser

Abstract Dyes that lase in the long wavelength range about 550 nm into the IR region are characterized by long conjugated chains that are particularly susceptible to photodecomposition. A model was developed, based on a four-level laser system, to provide a means of assessing the relative importance of various factors which contribute to a decrease in laser output power. The model, based on a steady state analysis of the laser rate equations, was applied to the case of Kiton Red S laser beam energy degradation. Parameters were estimated on the basis of experimental or reported values for Kiton Red S or for other similar xanthene dyes. It was discovered that, while a decrease in dye concentration and absorption of pump radiation by the decomposition product can make small contributions to laser beam energy decay, the most critical effect is the absorption of laser photons by the decomposition product of the dye.
The activation and cryopreservation of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) sperm

Abstract Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is a deep-water marine species in the Pacific Ocean with a high commercial value. Limited information is available about male reproductive development and sperm physiology in sablefish or how to optimize fertilization and sperm storage in this species for aquaculture. In the present study the conditions required for sablefish sperm activation were investigated and an optimized regime for cryopreservation of sablefish sperm was developed. In all experiments, the assessment of sablefish sperm was conducted using a computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system that determined the velocity and linearity of motile sperm as well as the percent motile. A modified Cortland's solution was used as an extender in all activation and cryopreservation tests. Sperm were activated with ionic (NaCl, KCl, MgSO4 and CaCl2) and non-ionic (urea and glucose) solutions of varying osmolalities. KCl and NaCl activated sperm at the lowest osmolalities, followed by MgSO4, urea, glucose, and CaCl2. Compared to NaCl and KCl, non-ionic solutions required higher osmolalities for activation. The results indicate that the primary stimulus for sablefish sperm activation is increased osmolality and not the presence/absence of a specific ion. The effects of several cryoprotectants including dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol and glycerol at two concentrations (5% and 10%) and three freezing rates (− 2.5, − 5 and − 7.5 °C/min) were tested on the cryopreservation of sperm using a Crysalys cryogenic programmable freezing system. There were differences observed in the motility maintained following freezing between all cryoprotectants, but the highest motility after freezing was observed with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide at all freezing rates. Sperm, cryopreserved with 10% DMSO, fertilized eggs but at rates lower than with fresh milt.
The influence of an empathetic adult on the relationship between bullying victimization and fear at school

This study examines the influence of an empathetic adult at school on the consequences of bullying victimization. Specifically, this work explores the impact of an empathetic adult on the relationship between bullying victimization, school fear, and avoidance behaviors. These questions are addressed with data made available in the 2011 National Crime Victimization Survey-School Crime Supplement.The current literature suggests that bullying victim's behavior can be shaped by victimization; victims tend to be more fearful and more likely to avoid people, places, and activities if they have been previously victimized. Other research indicates that supportive adults at school are beneficial in the lives of the students; teachers have the potential to help students achieve academic success and make positive life decisions, for example. The current study bridges these two themes through an examination of the potentially mitigating effects the presence of an empathetic adult can have on the fear and adaptive beh...
Genetic and Epidemiologic Evaluation of Dysplastic Nevi

Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome (DNS) has been defined as that trait characterized by the presence of at least one dysplastic melanocytic nevus. DNS was originally described in kindreds having multiple members with melanoma. Various types DNS have been described in other situations to include individuals with apparently sporadic cases, familial DNS without melanoma and individuals with apparently sporadic DNS with melanoma. These categories are based on historical information in general, and not on examination of family members. In all cases, the presence of dysplastic nevi appear to confer some increased risk of melanoma, which varies between the groups. Similarly cutaneous melanoma is thought to occur in several distinct populations-random individuals without DNS, individuals with sporadic DNS, and those with familial DNS. Genetic analysis of DNS has been largely confined to the classically ascertained kindreds associated with melanoma. These studies have usually used diagnostic criteria based on pathology of clinically selected material, and that evidence suggests that DNS is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in these families. Surveys of the general population have detected rates of dysplastic nevi of 5% 20%. In our Utah-based studies, we have evaluated probands and family members from three groups. These included kindreds with multiple occurrences of melanoma, random individuals with at least one dysplastic nevus, and cases of melanoma with unknown family history. Controls were spouses of study subjects. We sought to determine the percentage of each group associated with dysplastic nevi and/or genetic DNS. The range of phenotype of patients with dysplastic nevi was large with some individuals having few nevi, none of which were clinically atypical, and others having greater than 100 nevi. The prevalence of dysplastic nevi in at least one of two biopsies in Utah population controls is presently Wtimated at 62%. Some probands with melanoma as well as some of their relatives had elevated numbers of nevi, suggesting that this predisposition to melanoma may be inherited.
Management of Pelvic Ring Fractures in the Geriatric Patient

Pelvic fractures in the geriatric population are increasing in incidence. Those resulting from high-energy trauma result in increased mortality rates and can be challenging to manage due to polypharmacy and multiple patient comorbidities. Low energy pelvic fractures can be difficult to diagnose and exceptionally painful for patients. Injury to the posterior pelvis guides management. All patients with fragility fractures should be evaluated for osteoporosis and managed according to established guidelines.
Grammaticality Judgments and Sentence Comprehension in Agrammatic Aphasia.

The relationship between sentence comprehension and grammaticality judgment was examined for both neurologically intact and agrammatic aphasic subjects. Aphasic subjects were able to make grammatic...
The tactics of modern-day regulatory trials.

Abstract: Fractures are an important public health problem affecting patients of all ages. Although most fractures heal quickly, some heal poorly and some do not heal at all. To achieve an optimal healing outcome, the standard of care for most fractures consists of reduction followed by immobilization, with a myriad of options regarding the approach to fracture-healing. Currently, biopharmaceutical companies are sponsoring research with regard to products that aim to enhance or accelerate fracture-healing; however, as there are no approved and marketed systemic therapies for fracture-healing, the development and commercialization process for such products will require close collaboration between industry, academia, and regulators to determine how to bring these products to market in the most efficient manner. The following manuscript provides a brief overview of the regulatory process in the United States for systemic therapies in fracture-healing and discusses key issues that may arise in connection with the regulatory approval of these novel investigational treatments.
Low yield of ancillary diagnostic studies in neonates infected with Candida.

BACKGROUND: Fungal infection can be a significant complication for the critically ill neonate. However, the usefulness of extensive radiologic and ophthalmologic investigations in this population has not been thoroughly elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence of organ fungal involvement diagnosed by ancillary testing (echocardiogram, ophthalmologic examination, brain imaging, and renal ultrasound (RUS)) among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients with Candida infection. METHODS: This was a single center review of all NICU patients with Candida-positive cultures of blood, urine, peritoneal fluid, endotracheal tube aspirate, or cerebrospinal fluid from January 1, 1997 to June 1 2002. Data regarding the number of positive cultures, species isolated, and presence of specific risk factors and clinical symptoms were recorded for each case, as well as occurrence, timing and results of ancillary testing. RESULTS: In all, 66 patients had at least one positive culture for Candida. The majority (71%) were <1500 g at birth, and mean gestational age was 29.5±5.6 weeks. Echocardiograms were obtained in 54/66 (82%), and ophthalmology examinations were obtained in 36/66 (55%); none of these was consistent with fungal involvement. Brain imaging was performed in 50/66 (76%), only one of which was positive, in a patient with 16 positive blood cultures for Candida albicans. RUS were performed in 58/66 (88%) of patients, with concerning findings for fungal involvement in seven of the studies. RUS findings alone did not appear to consistently influence the length of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ancillary evaluations to investigate for fungal dissemination were undertaken frequently, but were of overall low yield. Although ancillary testing may be of limited additional value in centers with a low threshold for suspecting fungal infections and an aggressive approach to therapy, potentially important findings, which could impact management, may occur.
Hippocampus: Remembering the Choices

The hippocampus is said to be involved in "navigation" and "memory" as if these were distinct functions. In this issue of Neuron, Singer et al. (2013) provide evidence that the hippocampus retrieves spatial sequences in support of memory, strengthening a convergence between the two perspectives on hippocampal function.
Evaluation of the frozen-slab technique for cementing cast restorations.

C ooling the mixing surface of a glass slab to temperatures above the dew point improves the properties of zinc phosphate cement. Moisture condensation, however, produces a cement with inferior physical proper-u-s when conventional powder-liquid ratios are used.’ Cooling the mixing surface to 10” C or lower and increasing the powder-liquid ratio to establish a proper cementing consistency results in a cement mix that retains strength and solubility properties at acceptable levels.‘-’ Under these same conditions, the working time is reportedly doubled while the setting time is significantly reduced. Many studies involving the frozen-slab technique have dealt with orthodontic considerations. Little information has been reported on the use of the technique for cementing fixed restorations. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the frozen-slab technique for use in cementing cast restorations. A series of commercially available zinc phosphate cements were evaluated for film thickness, temperature rise during setting, and pH levels.
Electrochemical flow injection analysis study of ion partitioning at high surface area carbon fiber electrodes.

Charge-selective electrochemistry was previously shown to occur at high surface area carbon fibers that were produced by fracturing the outer periphery with anodic current or positive potential. The cyclic voltammetric behavior of electroactive species observed at these fibers exhibited a distinct pH dependence related to the protonation/deprotonation of oxygen-containing functional groups at the surface of the carbon fiber. In this paper, electrochemical flow injection analysis (EC-FIA) is used to probe ion partitioning in to and out of the interior microstructure of the treated carbon fiber, for both electroactive and electroinactive species. It was found that the extent of partitioning was the result of both ion charge and hydrated ionic radius, in addition to the level of fracture. It was further observed that the direction of movement for an injected ionic species could be controlled relative to the ion concentration, the pH of the carrier solution, or both. EC-FIA allowed the simultaneous observatio...
Elevation and vegetation influences on soil properties in Chilean Nothofagus forests Influencia de la elevación y la vegetación sobre las propiedades del suelo de los bosques chilenos de Nothofagus

We measured net nitrogen mineralization, net nitrification, proportional nitrification, and total inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil organic carbon in five Andean forested stands in an attempt to resolve the relative influence of elevation and forest canopy composition on soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics in this ecosystem type. Our five forested study sites were within a contiguous Nothofagus forest that ranged from 1,280 to 1,700 m elevation in the central Chilean Andes. The five sites consisted of three single species stands, one each of the low elevation deciduous N. obliqua, the evergreen N. dombeyi, or the high elevation deciduous N. pumilio, as well as two mixed evergreen-deciduous stands. There was no statistically significant relationship of nitrogen mineralization or phosphorus with elevation. In contrast, there were statistically significant, though weak, negative relationships between elevation and net nitrification, proportional nitrification, soil pH and organic carbon. In general, soils from the N. obliqua stand had higher levels/rates of nitrification, soil organic carbon content, soil pH, and plant available phosphorus than soils form the other single species stands. In contrast, the N. dombeyi and N. pumilio stands had lower rates of nitrification and soil pH than did the N. obliqua stand. The evergreen-deciduous mixed stands tended to be intermediate in soil properties. These results demonstrate that vegetation, particularly the balance of evergreen and deciduous species, exerts stronger control over soil chemical and biochemical properties than the climate variations induced by 350 m in elevation, even where the evergreen and deciduous species are closely-related angiosperms.
‘Tanto necesitamos de aquí como necesitamos de allá’: leer juntas among Mexican transnational mothers and daughters

This paper presents part of the results of a qualitative study about literacy practices of Mexican transnational mothers, who live in and frequently cross the border between two countries (the United States and Mexico). Drawing on sociocultural approaches to literacy and literature on transnationalism, I analyze one practice: leer juntas (reading together). Leer juntas is a literacy practice that mothers shared with their daughters, as a part of maintaining the Spanish language as well as Mexican ways of living and being. It is also a transnational literacy practice, which connects the mothers with other relatives across the border. Finally, in some cases it is a biliterate practice, where daughters and mothers use both English and Spanish. The paper concludes with recommendations for practice.
Activation of thymocyte responses to interleukin-1 by zinc

In vitro proliferative responses of murine thymocytes to interleukin-1 are enhanced by supplementing the cultures with the trace nutrient zinc. Zine not only enhances the responses of cells suboptimally activated by PHA but can also prime the cells to respond to IL-1 in the absence of activation by PHA. Zinc affects the early stages of the proliferative response. The data suggest that zinc may enhance the cellular uptake of IL-1 or may facilitate enzymatic steps subsequent to IL-1 binding.
Self-Concepts of Low-Income Older Women: Not Old or Poor, but Fortunate and Blessed

This article examines the extent to which low-income older women define themselves in stigmatizing terms, then explores the strategies they use to preserve a positive sense of self. Instead of considering themselves “old” or “poor,” the sixty-two women interviewed defined themselves as “fortunate” and/or “blessed.” The ability to see oneself as fortunate may be a significant component of successful aging.
HEPARIN THERAPY IN THE HÆMOLYTIC-URÆMIC SYNDROME

Abstract Eight children with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome received heparin intravenously. An early return of renal function despite prolonged thrombocytopenia was commonly observed. Detailed coagulation studies in two anuric patients showed raised levels of factors I, v, and VIII concomitant with thrombocytopenia and increased fibrinolytic activity. No consumption of clotting factors was demonstrated. These findings, together with previously documented histopathological alterations, suggest that the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome may be an example of localised intravascular coagulation. Six patients survive without clinical evidence of renal disease. One child is hypertensive with impaired kidney function. The only fatality occurred after initial improvement and cannot be directly ascribed to the basic disease or the anticoagulant therapy.
Going Public' Revisited: Presidential Speechmaking and the Bargaining Setting in Congress

The development of presidential speechmaking strategies is rooted in individual, institutional, and contextual factors. The bargaining environment within Congress has been hypothesized to be of particular importance. Recent changes in the congressional bargaining environment provide an excellent opportunity to reassess Congress-centered explanations of presidential behavior. Driven by Kernell's analysis in Going Public, it is expected that presidential speechmaking will increase as the bargaining environment within Congress becomes more intractable for the president. Presidential speechmaking is hypothesized to be positively related to congressional decentralization, partisan disunity in Congress, and diminished partisan electoral linkages. Time-series analyses are utilized to test two models aimed at explaining patterns of presidential speechmaking over time. The main findings suggest major incongruities exist between patterns of presidential speechmaking and the factors previously believed to be associa...
Soybean molecular linkage group B1 corresponds to classical linkage group 16 based on map location of the lf 2 gene

The seven-leaflet character of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] is a single recessive trait conditioned by the lf 2 gene. The lf 2 gene is located on linkage group (LG) 16 of the classical soybean genetic map, but it has not been placed on the molecular map. The objective of this research was to identify the location of the lf 2 gene on the soybean molecular map using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A backcross breeding method was used to create three- and seven-leaflet near-isogenic lines in genetic backgrounds of ‘Traill’, ‘MN1401’, and ‘MN1801’. Eight mapping populations were derived from eight single heterozygous Lf 2 lf 2 plants. A total of 482 SSR markers that covered approximately every 10–20 cM of all soybean molecular LG were used to screen the mapping populations for polymorphisms. For the 115 SSRs that were identified as polymorphic, possible linkage between the lf 2 gene and the polymorphic SSR markers was determined. One SSR marker from the LG B1, Sat_272, was linked (LOD > 4.0) to the lf 2 gene in the Traill and MN1401 derived populations, with map distances ranging from 2.8 to 11.2 cM. Two additional markers (a SSR, Sat_270 and a SNP, A588c) located on LG B1 were also polymorphic and were identified as linked to the lf 2 gene in one of the populations. This research was successful in mapping the lf 2 gene to LG B1 of the soybean molecular map and therefore, provides evidence that molecular LG B1 corresponds to classical LG 16.
Single Miller capacitor frequency compensation technique for low-power multistage amplifiers

Due to the rising demand for low-power portable battery-operated electronic devices, there is an increasing need for low-voltage low-power low-drop-out (LDO) regulators. This provides motivation for research on high-gain wide-bandwidth amplifiers driving large capacitive loads. These amplifiers serve as error amplifiers in low-voltage LDO regulators. Two low-power efficient three-stage amplifier topologies suitable for large capacitive load applications are introduced here: single Miller capacitor compensation (SMC) and single Miller capacitor feedforward compensation (SMFFC). Using a single Miller compensation capacitor in three-stage amplifiers can significantly reduce the total capacitor value, and therefore, the overall area of the amplifiers without influencing their stability. Pole-splitting and feedforward techniques are effectively combined to achieve better small-signal and large-signal performances. The 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS amplifiers, SMC, and SMFFC driving a 25-k/spl Omega///120-pF load achieve 4.6-MHz and 9-MHz gain-bandwidth product, respectively, each dissipates less than 0.42 mW of power with a /spl plusmn/1-V power supply, and each occupies less than 0.02 mm/sup 2/ of silicon area.
Embedded Librarianship and Virtual Environments in Entrepreneurship Information Literacy: A Case Study

The librarians in the Management & Economics Library at Purdue University participated in a unique collaboration with a faculty member. A professor assigned to teach an entrepreneurship course and a marketing course connected the assignments across the two courses. The respective teams were required to communicate and share information with each other for their final projects. The librarians provided support through instructional sessions, embedding themselves with the teams, and assisting with assignments for a deep information literacy component.
Home-Based Behavioral Treatment of Young Children with Autism

This study evaluated the impact of intensive behavioral treatment on the development of young autistic children. The treatment reported in this study was home based and was implemented by parents of autistic children with the assistance of community-based clinicians. Although treatment was unable to be observed directly, parents reported that therapy was based on methods developed by Lovaas et al. (1981). Treatment differed from that described in previous reports of intensive behavior therapy for this population in that it was implemented outside an academic setting and for a shorter period. In addition, children received fewer hours per week of therapy than in previous reports. Children in the experimental treatment group were pairwise matched to children in a control group (who received conventional school-based and brief one-on-one interventions) on the basis of pretreatment chronological and mental age, diagnosis (autism vs. PDD), and length of treatment. The groups did not differ on pretreatment IQ. Children receiving the experimental treatment had significantly higher posttreatment IQ scores. Smaller, but still statistically significant effects on symptom severity were also found, though experimental subjects still met diagnostic criteria for autism or PDD.