cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobile computing in healthcare: the dreams and wishes of clinicians

Physicians and other health care providers are often slower to adopt newer technologies in comparison to the other industries. Reasons for slow adoption include the anxiety of learning how to use new hardware, the frustration with constant technological change, and hesitancy to get out of an established routine. This talk will briefly review some of the psychology behind resistance to change and adoption of new technologies, and highlight strategies in encouraging the healthcare industry to quickly adapt to the exciting and new technologies.
A Confirmatory Comparison of the Factor Structure of the Children's Depression Inventory between European American and African American Youth

We examined the factor structure of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) among a sample of 523 African American children (m age = 12.76) and a sample of 564 European American youth (m age = 12.43). Previous investigations have produced discrepant factor structures among samples of predominantly majority-culture children, but fewer investigations of the factor structure of the CDI have been conducted among non-European American samples. Confirmatory factor analyses of the original 5 factors identified by Kovacs (1983, 1991) revealed that the items had invariant measurement properties across the samples. The latent factor structure, however, revealed telling differences between the two samples. For European American youth, only one of the original five factors was meaningfully differentiated from the others, whereas for the African American youth, two of the factors clearly emerged as unique facets of depression. Consistent with other reports, between-group mean differences on the CDI and its factors were noted. We argue that further validation of the CDI among traditionally underserved populations is warranted. Predictive validation investigations, in particular, are needed to examine the relationship between CDI factor scores and clinical outcomes.
Divergent X-ray-induced mutation rates in the mouse for H and "7-locus" groups of loci.

INCREASED demand for nuclear power re-emphasises the need for a well-grounded estimate of the genetic risk of environmental mutagens in general and of ionising radiations in particular. With respect to germ-line, specific-locus mutation rates, estimates for man have been based primarily on the mouse 7-locus test, carried out on a large scale at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA) and Harwell (UK). Among the many important radiobiological findings recently summarised1 are the following: the mutation rate depends on sex, on the type of germ cell irradiated, on radiation quality (X rays, neutrons), on dose rate (rad min−1), on fractionation (number of treatments during a certain period) and on total dose.
Removal of Walleye Eggs from Reefs in Western Lake Erie by a Catastrophic Storm

Abstract We document the removal of walleye Stizostedion vitreum eggs from reefs in western Lake Erie by a gale-force storm event during April 1998. From April 8 to April 10 of that year, the western basin reefs were exposed to sustained winds exceeding 80 km/h and originating from the east-northeast. This storm produced waves in excess of 4 m on the reefs and caused extensive flooding along the Ohio and Michigan shorelines owing to seiche activity. We sampled eggs on Cone, Crib, Locust Point, Niagara, Round, and Toussaint reefs on April 6, the day before the storm, and on April 10, the day after the storm. We found approximately 80% fewer eggs in the samples collected on April 10, a difference that was significant. Shallow sites on reefs lost significantly more eggs (87%) than deep sites (50%). The lower loss rate of eggs from deep sites was thought to be related to reduced wave energy at greater depths. The results of this study emphasize the importance of physical processes in structuring walleye early...
Morbid Obesity as a Risk Factor for Hospitalization and Death Due to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Disease

Background Severe illness due to 2009 pandemic A(H1N1) infection has been reported among persons who are obese or morbidly obese. We assessed whether obesity is a risk factor for hospitalization and death due to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1), independent of chronic medical conditions considered by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to increase the risk of influenza-related complications. Methodology/Principal Findings We used a case-cohort design to compare cases of hospitalizations and deaths from 2009 pandemic A(H1N1) influenza occurring between April–July, 2009, with a cohort of the U.S. population estimated from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); pregnant women and children <2 years old were excluded. For hospitalizations, we defined categories of relative weight by body mass index (BMI, kg/m2); for deaths, obesity or morbid obesity was recorded on medical charts, and death certificates. Odds ratio (OR) of being in each BMI category was determined; normal weight was the reference category. Overall, 361 hospitalizations and 233 deaths included information to determine BMI category and presence of ACIP-recognized medical conditions. Among ≥20 year olds, hospitalization was associated with being morbidly obese (BMI≥40) for individuals with ACIP-recognized chronic conditions (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 2.4–9.9) and without ACIP-recognized chronic conditions (OR = 4.7, 95%CI 1.3–17.2). Among 2–19 year olds, hospitalization was associated with being underweight (BMI≤5th percentile) among those with (OR = 12.5, 95%CI 3.4–45.5) and without (OR = 5.5, 95%CI 1.3–22.5) ACIP-recognized chronic conditions. Death was not associated with BMI category among individuals 2–19 years old. Among individuals aged ≥20 years without ACIP-recognized chronic medical conditions death was associated with obesity (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.5–6.6) and morbid obesity (OR = 7.6, 95%CI 2.1–27.9). Conclusions/Significance Our findings support observations that morbid obesity may be associated with hospitalization and possibly death due to 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection. These complications could be prevented by early antiviral therapy and vaccination.
Grandchildren's perspectives on relationships with grandparents: The influence of gender across generations

The study examines the relation between gender of grandchildren, parents and grandparents and grandchild-grandparent relationships. Subjects were 120 young adult grandchildren (ages 18–23) who provided information on the 375 grandparents they had known. Subjects reported how close they felt to their grandparents, how much they liked them, and what activities they engaged in with them. Strong effects were found for sex of grandparent and sex of parent. Grandchildren had closer relationships with grandmothers, particularly maternal grandmothers, and they tended to prefer maternal grandmothers over other grandparents. Maternal grandmothers seem to make themselves particularly accessible to grandchildren. The results suggest that the gender of the grandparent can be more important than proximity in determining the quality of grandchild-grandparent relationships.
Tissue-specific regulation of lipogenic mRNAs by thyroid hormone

Abstract We have previously shown that triiodothyronine (T3) regulates rat fatty acid synthesis in a tissue specific manner. Here, we determined the effects of thyroid state on mRNAs encoding the lipogenic enzymes, acetyl CoA car☐ylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). S14 mRNA, a sequence tightly associated with lipogenesis, was also measured. Levels of the three mRNA were 9–13-fold higher in hyper- than hypothyroid liver. Limited expression in kidney and heart was also increased by thyroid hormone. In brown adipose tissue, highest levels were recorded in hypothyroid animals. Thyroid state did not affect expression in lung and brain. All these changes are consistent with those previously measured in fatty acid synthesis. In white adipose tissue, mRNA expression was increased by hyperthyroidism. This increase may not be reflected in fatty acid synthesis, since we recently showed lipogenesis to be reduced under these circumstances. All three mRNAs responded rapidly to T3 in liver, but more slowly in kidney and fat. Thus, T3 regulates lipogenesis by altering levels of ACC and FAS mRNAs. S14 mRNA changes in parallel.
Effects of estradiol on secretion of LH, hypothalamic function and testicular development in bull calves.

Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the effects of estradiol (E2) on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in bull calves. In experiment 1, calves were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: 1) intact, 2) intact E2-treated, 3) castrated, or 4) castrated E2-treated. Treatments began when the calves were 7.5 wk of age and continued for 16.5 wk. Samples of blood were collected once a week from 3 to 14 wk of age and every 10 min for 6 hr at 8, 12 and 16 wk of age. Concentrations of E2 in plasma decreased between 3 and 4 wk of age and were further reduced by castration. Maximum concentrations of E2 (24.3 pg/ml) were observed 72 hr after insertion of E2 implants, however, plasma E2 stabilized at 5.9 pg/ml by 2 wk after insertion of E2 implants. Treatment with E2 eliminated the pulsatile secretion of LH in intact and castrated calves and retarded testicular growth. In experiment 2, calves were assigned to a control (n = 4) or E2-treated (n = 6) group. Implants of E2 were inserted at 7.5 wk of age. At 24 wk of age, calves were bled and then sacrificed to collect hypothalamic and pituitary tissues. Age-related changes in testicular weight and secretion of LH were blocked by E2. Neither the morphology nor the intensity of immunostaining of GnRH nerve cell bodies in the preoptic area (POA) were affected by E2. However, the density of GnRH fibers and beads in the stalk median eminence (SME), and concentrations of pituitary GnRH receptors were greater (P less than .01) in E2-treated compared to control calves. In addition, concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in the SME were lower in E2-treated calves when compared to controls. Based on these observations, it is concluded that administration of E2 at 7.5 wk of age causes profound alterations in hypothalamic function including, changes in metabolism of NE and suppression of GnRH release.
Continuous Measurements of Ambient Particle Deposition in Human Subjects

The total deposition fraction (TDF) of fine and ultrafine aerosols was measured in a group of six healthy adults exposed to polydisperse ambient aerosols in Boston. Fifteen repeated inhalation-exhalation cycles were conducted during a given exposure session. Deposition efficiency for particles with aerodynamic diameter ranging from 63.5 to 2045 nm was determined using the average concentration of inhaled and exhaled particles measured during these cycles. Deposition efficiencies ranged from 7.3±18.7%(240-275 nm) to 98.6±28.1%(1545-2045 nm). Subjects exhibited similar deposition patterns with minimum efficiencies between 200-400 nm. Results from ANOVA and mixed-model regression analyses showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in particle deposition efficiency by particle size as well as among the subjects. Deposition efficiencies varied most among the subjects for particles between 100 and 1000 nm in size. A comparison with the ICRP model showed good agreement, with best agreement for male subjects and p...
Interactive E‐Commerce: Promoting Consumer Efficiency or Impulsivity?

Previous research established that online shopping activity might be caused by impulse as much as by rational thinking about the conveniences of e-commerce. Interactive features of ecommerce sites, such as email alerts of special offers and “clickable” product arrays, may stimulate unregulated buying activity by undermining consumer self-regulation, but this connection has not been empirically verified. In this study, structural equation modeling techniques were used to model the relationship of interactive e-commerce features to online buying activity with a sample of 174 college students. Recreational shopping orientation predicted the usage of interactive shopping features thought to promote unregulated purchases, increasing deficient self-regulation, and leading to increased online buying activity. Convenience shopping orientation had a direct impact on buying activity, but it did not influence buying activity through the usage of convenience shopping features. Convenience shopping orientation also contributed to the usage of recreational shopping features that promoted deficient self-regulation. Overall, the model explained fifty percent of the variance in online buying activity.
Cardiopulmonary function during 5 hours of constant-dose isoflurane in laterally recumbent, spontaneously breathing horses.

Steffey, E.P., Hodgson, D.S., Dunlop, C.I., Miller, M.F., Woliner, M.J., Heath, R.B. & Grandy, J. Cardiopulmonary function during 5 hours of constant-dose isoflurane in laterally recumbent, spontaneously breathing horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 10, 290–297. Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of 5 h of unvarying 1.57%, end-tidal (1.2 MAC) isoflurane in O2 anesthesia were characterized in ten left laterally recumbent horses. Compared to base line values at 30 min of constant dose isoflurane, cardiac output, hematocrit, total plasma solids, PaC02, and peak inspired gas flow progressively and significantly (P < 0.05) increased over the course of study. Arterial blood pressure increased (P < 0.05) during the first 2 h of constant dose of isoflurane then decreased and remained near base line values. Inspiratory time progressively decreased with time of anesthesia. All horses recovered from anesthesia uneventfully within 1 h of termination of isoflurane.
Delineation of the endocytic pathway of substance P and its seven-transmembrane domain NK1 receptor.

Abstract Many of the actions of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) that are mediated by the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-R) desensitize and resensitize, which may be associated with NK1-R endocytosis and recycling. We delineated this endocytic pathway in transfected cells by confocal microscopy using cyanine 3-SP and NK1-R antibodies. SP and the NK1-R were internalized into the same clathrin immunoreactive vesicles, and then sorted into different compartments. The NK1-R was colocalized with a marker of early endosomes, but not with markers of late endosomes or lysosomes. We quantified the NK1-R at the cell surface by incubating cells with an antibody to an extracellular epitope. After exposure to SP, there was a loss and subsequent recovery of surface NK1-R. The loss was prevented by hypertonic sucrose and potassium depletion, inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Recovery was independent of new protein synthesis because it was unaffected by cycloheximide. Recovery required endosomal acidification because it was prevented by an H(+)-ATPase inhibitor. The fate of internalized 125I-SP was examined by chromatography. SP was intact at the cell surface and in early endosomes, but slowly degraded in perinuclear vesicles. We conclude that SP induces clathrin-dependent internalization of the NK1-R. The SP/NK1-R complex dissociates in acidified endosomes. SP is degraded, whereas the NK1-R recycles to the cell surface.
Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout in a national sample of trauma treatment therapists

For behavioral health professionals working with traumatized clients, continuous and prolonged exposure to the stress of working with the myriad of trauma-related stressors experienced by their clients can lead to various responses including burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. The present study investigates the impact of using evidence-based practices on compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in a random, national sample of self-identified trauma specialists (N=532). The 30-item Professional Quality of Life Scale (Stamm, 2005) and the 19-item Trauma Practices Questionnaire (Craig & Sprang, 2009) were included in a survey to licensed social workers and psychologists from professional membership rosters. Age and years of experience proved to be powerful predictors of only two of the three criterion variables, with younger professionals reporting higher levels of burnout and more experienced providers endorsing higher levels of compassion satisfaction. The utilization of evidence-based practices predicted statistically significant decreases in compassion fatigue and burnout, and increases in compassion satisfaction. The utility of these findings in understanding the process of trauma transmission between therapist and client as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Early Growth Response Gene 1 Regulates Bone Properties in Mice

Transcriptional regulation of the postnatal skeleton is incompletely understood. Here, we determined the consequence of loss of early growth response gene 1 (EGR-1) on bone properties. Analyses were performed on both the microscopic and molecular levels utilizing micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI), respectively. Mice deficient in EGR-1 (Egr-1 (-/-)) were studied and compared to sex- and age-matched wild-type (wt) control animals. Femoral trabecular bone in male Egr-1 (-/-) mice demonstrated osteopenic characteristics marked by reductions in both bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD). Morphological analysis revealed fewer trabeculae in these animals. In contrast, female Egr-1 (-/-) animals had thinner trabeculae, but BV/TV and BMD were not significantly reduced. Analysis of femoral cortical bone at the mid-diaphysis did not show significant osteopenic characteristics but detected changes in cross-sectional geometry in both male and female Egr-1 (-/-) animals. Functionally, this resulted in decreased resistance to three-point bending as indicated by a reduction in maximum load, failure load, and stiffness. Assessment of compositional bone properties, including mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, crystallinity, and cross-linking, in femurs by FTIRI did not show any significant differences or an appreciable trend between Egr-1 (-/-) and wt mice of either sex. Unexpectedly, rib bone from Egr-1 (-/-) animals displayed distinct osteopenic traits that were particularly pronounced in female mice. This study provides genetic evidence that both sex and skeletal site are critical determinants of EGR-1 activity in vivo and that its site-specific action may contribute to the mechanical properties of bone.
The fine structure of the rabbit sclera with special reference to a peculiar structure in the fibroblast rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum.

In the albino rabbit the sclera is composed of (a) collagen fibrils arranged in fibers, (b) interposed elastic fibers and (c) fibroblasts. The diameter of collagen fibrils and fibers increases from the internal toward the external surface of the sclera. In the same direction the number of elastic fibers and fibroblasts decreases. A peculiar structure is found in the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the fibroblasts in the innermost portions of the sclera. The nature of this structure is discussed.
Hydrocarbon Reactivity and the Kinetics of the Atmospheric Photooxidation of Nitric Oxide

The reactivity in the atmospheric photooxidation of nitric oxide has recently been determined for a large number of hydrocarbons. To aid in the application of these hydrocarbon reactivity measurements, the kinetics of the atmospheric photooxidation have been studied. The hydrocarbons investigated covered a wide range of reactivities and structures and included: 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-l-pentene, propylene, mesitylene, o-xylene, and n-hexane. The rate of nitric oxide photoxidation increases less than linearly with hydrocarbon concentration for all of the hydrocarbons studied. The degree of nonlinearity, however, varied with hydrocarbon structure and reactivity. The effect of the nitric oxide and the nitrogen dioxide concentrations on the rate of nitric oxide photooxidation also depended somewhat on hydrocarbon structure and reactivity. For all of the hydrocarbons studied, however, the nitric oxide photooxidation rate increased linearly with increased light intensity. The effect o...
The functional morphology of caudal vertebrae in new world monkeys

New World monkeys vary considerably in the manner and degree to which they use their tails. There ought to arise a corresponding variation in the stresses on caudal vertebrae. Consequently, different behavior types will have contrasting caudal morphologies. This study investigates caudal morphology of several New World monkeys representing the large range of ability from totally nonprehensile tails to the dexterous fifth limb of spider monkeys. One large-bodied, nonprehensile-tailed Old World monkey is included to offset the correlation between size and degree of prehensility in New World monkeys. These monkeys vary both within and between species as to the number of caudal vertebrae and the length of individual vertebrae. Despite this variation, the length of caudal vertebrae within a given tail decreases at a constant rate across species. The width of the vertebrae at two points, midbone and the proximal end, separates the monkeys with prehensile tails from those with nonprehensile tails. The middle of the vertebrae is wider and more robust in prehensile-tailed forms. This is associated with stronger bones in tails subject to greater stress. THe proximal width of each bone is also greater in the prehensile-tailed monkeys. This measure reflects the lateral development of the proximal transverse process. This provides a larger lever arm for M. caudalis lateralis, implying greater rotational ability.
Floating gate technique as a thermodynamic probe of two-dimensional electron systems

Abstract Measurements of the chemical potential as a function of the magnetic field at low temperatures reveal the density of states. We apply this to Ga,AlAs heterostructures.
Measurement technique for obtaining the extraordinary-ray absorption coefficient of uniaxial crystals

A novel experimental technique for obtaining the extraordinary-ray absorption coefficient of uniaxial crystals is presented. The infrared multiphonon e-ray absorption edge of sapphire and quartz is measured as a function of frequency and temperature for the first time.
An in vitro system to evaluate the effects of ischemia on survival of cells used for cell therapy.

Maintaining cell viability is a major challenge associated with transplanting cells into ischemic myocardium to restore function. A likely contributor to significant cell death during cardiac cell therapy is hypoxia/anoxia. We developed a system that enabled quantification and association of cell survival with oxygen and nutrient values within in vitro constructs. Myoblasts were suspended in 2% collagen gels in 1 cm diameter × 1 cm deep constructs. At 48 ± 3 h post-seeding, oxygen levels were measured using microelectrodes and gels were snap-frozen. Bioluminescence metabolite imaging and TUNEL staining were performed on cryosections. Oxygen and glucose consumption and lactate production rates were calculated by fitting data to Fick’s second law of diffusion with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Oxygen levels dropped to 0 mmHg and glucose levels dropped from 4.28 to 3.18 mM within the first 2000 μm of construct depth. Cell viability dropped to approximately 40% over that same distance and continued to drop further into the construct. We believe this system provides a reproducible and controllable test bed to compare survival, proliferation, and phenotype of various cell inputs (e.g., myoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiac stem cells) and the impact of different treatment regimens on the likelihood of survival of transplanted cells.
Clinical, radiographic and biochemical assessment of IL-1/TNF-α antagonist inhibition of bone loss in experimental periodontitis

But: L'objectif est d'estimer des marqueurs cliniques radiographiques et biochemiques comme indicateurs diagnostiques de l'activite de la maladie en comparant une perte osseuse induite par des ligatures en presence ouen absence de l'inhibition antagoniste IL-1/ TNF-a de la perte osseuse chez des primates. Materiaux et methodes: 6 animaux presentant une gingivite naturelle furent evalues sur 6 semaines suite a la pose de ligature de soie et la mise en place d'un regime mou. 3 animaux recurent une injection intrapapillaire de recepteurs solubles (bloqueurs) capable de bloquer l'activite biologique aussi bien d'IL-1 que de TNF-a et 3 animaux recurent des injections controles avec seulement le vecteur. Ces injections etaient faites 3× par semaine pendant la duree de l'etude. Les valeurs cliniques etaient l'indice gingival et la quantification des niveaux de fluide gingival creviculaire (GCF). Les echanillons de GCF preleves etaient ensuite utilises pour l'evaluation biochemique de la pyridinoline (PYD) et de la phosphatase alkaline osseuse (BAP). L'evaluation radiographique a ete realisee par soustraction radiographique assistee par ordinateur pour mesurer les valeurs de densite osseuse (CADIA) et les changements lineaires de la hauteur osseuse crestale. Resultats: Des modifications significatives (p<0.01) par les 2 mesures radiographiques apparaissaient entre 2 et 4 semaines apres le debut de la maladie dans ce modele. L'utilisation de bloqueurs reduisait significativement (p<0.01) les niveaux de perte osseuse radiographique d'environ 50% par rapport au sites controles. Les deux marqueurs biochimiques montraient l'augmentation la plus importante pendant les 2 premieres semaines de l'etude avec des nivaux de PYD augmentant 35× au dessus des valeurs initiales apres une semaine. Cette difference dans la reponse etait significativement (p<0.05) plus grande que les niveaux trouves sur les dents non-ligaturees ou les dents ligaturees recevant des injections de bloqueurs. Les niveaux de BAP montraient de significatives augmentations pour les dents ligaturees par rapport aux dents non-ligaturees, mais n'arrivaient pas a presenter des differences significatives entre les animaux traites avec le vecteur et ceux traites avec des antagonistes d'IL-1/TNF-α. Au contraire, des effets radiographiques et biochemiques, il n'y avait pas de differences significatives detectees entre les animaux traites avec les antagonistes et le groupe controle pour aucune des mesures cliniques. Conclusions: Les resultats de cette etude demontre que la soustraction radiographique et les niveaux creviculaires de PYD peuvent detecter des differences relatives dans la progression de la maladie parodontale, alors que les niveaux creviculaires de BAP ne le peuvent pas.
Meeting Transportation Goals to Reduce Greenhouse Gases in the National Capital Region: “What Would It Take?” Scenario

This paper summarizes the development, analysis, and results of the "what would it take?" scenario, which examines what would be necessary to meet aggressive goals for mitigating regional climate change in the transportation sector in the National Capital Region. This report includes a baseline inventory and forecast of carbon dioxide emissions in the region, identification and analysis of potential mitigation strategies, and analysis of whether any combination of these strategies meets long-term mitigation goals. The report includes cost-effectiveness analysis of these measures and specifically identifies short-term measures that feasibly can be implemented by local governments in the region. A major finding of the report is the difficulty in meeting aggressive mitigation targets without a full suite of actions across the categories of fuel efficiency, alternative fuels, and travel efficiency. Meeting early targets in transportation is possible if a wide range of short-term actions are taken by local gov...
Narrating the Guillotine Punishment Technology as Myth and Symbol

The work of Michel Foucault sees modern penal technology its ann expression of power that operates through and is motivated by a dry instrumental reason. This article draws upon Durkheim and Bakhtin to advance a radically alternative approach. It is suggested that such technology is invested with sacred and profane symbolism and is understood via emotionally charged, dramatically compelling narrative frames. Tensions between official and unauthorized discourses can be understood through a center/periphery model of culture. In an extended case study of the guillotine, it is shown dial the apparatus was initially legitimated as an expression of a sacred revolutionary code. Such a discourse was subsequently destabilized by popular medical debates that raised the specter of pain after decapitation. While inconclusive, these new motifs mobilized Gothic and grotesque themes that confronted the rationalist aesthetics of the guillotine. A situation of Bakhtinian hetoroglossia eventuated. Uncertainty, the uncanny and fable entered a discursive field of increasing complexity.
Exploitation of spatial information in high resolution digital imagery to map leaf area index

Crop responses to management practices and the environment, as quantified by leaf area index (LAI), provide decision-making criteria for the delineation of crop management zones. The objective of this work was to investigate whether spatial correlations inferred from remotely sensed imagery can be used to interpolate and map LAI using a relatively small number of ground-based LAI measurements. Airborne imagery was recorded with the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications (AISA) radiometer over a 3.2 ha corn field. Spectral vegetation indexes (SVI) were derived from the image and aggregated to cells of 2 × 2 m2, 4 × 4 m2, and 8 × 8 m2 resolution. The residual maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the LAI variogram parameters. A generalized least squares regression was used to relate ground truth LAI data and collocated image pixels. This regression result was then used to convert variograms from the imagery to LAI units as well as to interpolate and map LAI. The decrease in resolution by merging pixels led to an increase in the value of the r 2 and to a decrease in root mean-squared error (RMSE) values. The accuracy of kriged estimates from the variogram of the measured LAI and that from the image derived variograms was estimated by cross-validation. There was no difference in the accuracy of the estimates using either variograms from measured LAI values or from those of converted SVIs. Maps of LAI from ground-based measurements made by kriging the data with image-derived variogram parameters were similar to those obtained by with kriging with the variogram of measured LAI. Similar coarse spatial trends of high, medium and low LAI were evident for both maps. Variogram parameters from ground-based measurements of LAI compared favorably with those derived from remotely sensed imagery and could be used to provide reasonable results for the interpolation of LAI measurements.
High-speed large-signal digital modulation of three-terminal low-threshold strained InGaAs/GaAs lasers

We present large-signal digital modulation of very low-threshold strained InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well (SQW) lasers with monolithically integrated intracavity modulators. The voltage controlled intracavity modulator was driven from a simple emitter-follower using a single NPN transistor. Modulation response mas obtained from dc to 1 Gbit/s with a modulation efficiency of 27% and modulation depth of nearly 100%. A bit-error-rate (BER) lower than 10/sup -11/ was measured at 1 Gbit/s with an input signal swing of only 110 mV. We demonstrate the suitability of these devices for ultrabroad-band optical interconnection applications. >
Hedging a portfolio of derivatives by modeling cost

We consider the problem of hedging the loss of a given portfolio of derivatives using a set of more liquid derivative instruments. We illustrate why the typical mathematical formulation for this hedging problem is ill-posed. We propose to determine a hedging portfolio by minimizing a proportional cost subject to an upper bound on the hedge risk; this bound is typically slightly larger than the optimal hedge risk achievable without cost consideration. We illustrate that the optimal hedging portfolio obtained by the proposed method is attractive since it consists of fewer instruments with a comparable risk. Finally we illustrate the importance of modeling volatility uncertainty in hedge risk minimization.
Lightwave centralized WDM-OFDM-PON network employing cost-effective directly modulated laser

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the first lightwave-centralized WDM-OFDM-PON using cost-effective directly modulated lasers (DML) to generate downstream OFDM QPSK signals at 10Gb/s and provide upstream OOK signals using a remodulating scheme at 2.5Gb/s.
‘The Struggle That Must Be’: Harry Edwards, Sport and the Fight for Racial Equality

This essay assesses the contributions of Harry Edwards to the Civil Rights Movement and the quest for racial equality in the USA. Through the utilisation of Edwards' own writings and a number of other primary and secondary sources, it examines how Edwards attempted to secure equality of opportunities for Black athletes and how he used sport in the battle for racial justice and fairness. It is evident that Edwards is a revolutionary who has altered the way that sport is viewed, making individuals aware that sport is an institution that encompasses similar forms of inequality prevalent in other societal institutions, and is not the great saviour for Blacks in the USA. Demonised by some for much of his career, Edwards has been honoured multiple times recently in an assortment of different ways for his many accomplishments both within and outside the sports world.
Interaction criticism: a proposal and framework for a new discipline of hci

Though interaction designers critique interfaces as a regular part of their research and practice, the field of HCI lacks a proper discipline of interaction criticism. By interaction criticism we mean rigorous, evidence-based interpretive analysis that explicates relationships among elements of an interface and the meanings, affects, moods, and intuitions they produce in the people that interact with them; the immediate goal of this analysis is the generation of innovative design insights. We summarize existing work offering promising directions in interaction criticism to build a case for a proper discipline. We then propose a framework for the discipline, relating each of its parts to recent HCI research.
Characterization of Core Sample Collected from the Saltstone Disposal Facility

During the month of September 2008, grout core samples were collected from the Saltstone Disposal Facility, Vault 4, cell E. This grout was placed during processing campaigns in December 2007 from Deliquification, Dissolution and Adjustment Batch 2 salt solution. The 4QCY07 Waste Acceptance Criteria sample collected on 11/16/07 represents the salt solution in the core samples. Core samples were retrieved to initiate the historical database of properties of emplaced Saltstone and to demonstrate the correlation between field collected and laboratory prepared samples. Three samples were collected from three different locations. Samples were collected using a two-inch diameter concrete coring bit. In April 2009, the core samples were removed from the evacuated sample container, inspected, transferred to PVC containers, and backfilled with nitrogen. Samples furthest from the wall were the most intact cylindrically shaped cored samples. The shade of the core samples darkened as the depth of coring increased. Based on the visual inspection, sample 3-3 was selected for all subsequent analysis. The density and porosity of the Vault 4 core sample, 1.90 g/cm{sup 3} and 59.90% respectively, were comparable to values achieved for laboratory prepared samples. X-ray diffraction analysis identified phases consistent with the expectations for hydrated Saltstone. Microscopic analysismore » revealed morphology features characteristic of cementitious materials with fly ash and calcium silicate hydrate gel. When taken together, the results of the density, porosity, x-ray diffraction analysis and microscopic analysis support the conclusion that the Vault 4, Cell E core sample is representative of the expected waste form.« less
Employee reactions to office redesign: A naturally occurring quasi-field experiment in a multi-generational setting

Outcomes associated with an office redesign aimed at decreasing workspace while enhancing perceptions of organizational culture and work-related attitudes are examined within a financial services organization. Findings show that employees assigned to the redesigned office environment report less workspace and more distractions than those who remained in a cubicle environment, but that this finding was moderated by age generation. Employees moved to the newly redesigned space reported more favorable perceptions of culture and work-related attitudes, with no age moderating effects. Taken together, results provide support for the theory that office redesign is an effective strategy for implementing organizational change.
Novel Polydiacetylenes as Materials for Second and Third Order Nonlinear Optics

Abstract : The objective of this investigation was to develop stable nonlinear optical (NLO) materials which possess both second and third order NLO properties. These materials were envisioned as having a polydiacetylene (PDA) backbone with a second order active NLO chromophoric substituent consisting of a donor group, a p-conjugated bridge, and an acceptor group. The choice of a PDA backbone in this investigation was twofold. In terms of third order NLO properties, the extensive p-conjugation of the PDA backbone leads to large ultrafast third order effects. In terms of second order NLO properties, the high thermal stability and rigidity of the PDA matrix in a perfect polymeric single crystal is expected to prevent the randomization of the NLO chromophores in the noncentrosymmetric environment. This paper focuses on the synthesis and NLO properties of the unsymmetrical diacetylene monomers, ((9-Butoxy carbonyl) methyl urethanyl)-1-(4-urethanyl-4'-urethanyl-4'-nitrobiphenyl)-nona-2,4 -diyne, and ((9-Butoxy carbonyl)methyl urethanyl)-1-4-urethanyl-4'-nitroazobenzene)- nona-2,4-diyne. The high entropy flexible urethanyl side group was chosen to satisfy the monomer packing requirements for polymerization and enhance the solubility of the PDAs. Novel polydiacetylenes, Second and third order NLO, Chromophoric substituent, Pi conjugation, Polymeric single crystal.
Dietary salt intake alters cardiovascular responses evoked from the rostral ventrolateral medulla

The present experiments examined whether in rats consuming diets with either high NaCl content (8%) or low Na+ content (0.01%) for 2 wk excitatory inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)...
Resistance to flow in rough channels

A formula, C = − 42 log10 (C/R + ϵ /R), is developed for the resistance to flow in open channels, which it is believed is an improvement over Manning's or other formulas hitherto proposed. Graphs are given for the solution of this equation with three different groups of given quantities.
Dendritic versus somatic resonance

Here, we investigate to what extent and under which circumstances cells with dendritic resonance may be misclassified as nonresonant by somatic measurement of resonance properties. We use simple conductance-based multicompartmental models to analyze the effect of dendritic resonance on somatic input (and hence resonance estimates based on somatic recordings). We find that indeed, even a strong dendritic resonance may not be detectable with somatic ZAP protocols. The extent to which dendritic resonance is masked depends on neuronal morphology as well as the distribution of active conductances within the cell. In addition, we show that although dendritic resonance may not show up somatically, indirect consequences of dendritic resonance can affect the soma. In particular, MPOs of dendritic resonance-induced origin may propagate to the soma, leading to a situation where such cells when measured somatically do exhibit subthreshold MPOs in the apparent “absence” of resonance. A local dendritic resonance filters dendritic inputs even if it should not show up somatically - and is hence crucial for the flow of information in neuronal networks. It is therefore important to identify the circumstances under which dendritic resonance could be missed in somatic assessment of resonance properties.
Simple hepatic cyst causing inferior vena cava thrombus

INTRODUCTION Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is governed by Virchow's triad of stasis of blood flow, endothelial damage and hypercoagulability. Causes may be secondary to malignancy, congenital anomalies or other infrequent events such as external compression. We present a case of external compression of the IVC leading to extensive thrombus burden secondary to a benign hepatic cyst.
Cancer Disparities: Unmet Challenges in the Elimination of Disparities

Background: The first 20 years of publication of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention occurred during a period of increased attention to health disparities and advances in knowledge about their determinants. Yet, despite clear documentation of disparities and advanced understanding of determinants, we have made little headway in reducing disparities at the population level. Multilevel models, such as one produced by the Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), hold promise for understanding the complex determinants of cancer disparities and their interactions as well as translating scientific discoveries into solutions. The CPHHD model maps across a range of scientific disciplines, from the biological to the social, each with its own disciplinary language and methods. The ability to work effectively across disciplinary boundaries is essential to framing comprehensive solutions. Methods: After briefly characterizing the current state of knowledge about health disparities, we outline three major challenges faced by disparities researchers and practitioners and offer suggestions for addressing these challenges. Results: These challenges are how to consider race and ethnicity in disparities research, how best to translate discoveries into public health solutions to cancer disparities, and how to create a research environment that supports the successful execution of multilevel research. Conclusions: Attention to all three of the challenges outlined above is urgently needed to advance our efforts to eliminate cancer disparities. Impact: Addressing the challenges outlined above will help to eliminate disparities in the future. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1809–14. ©2011 AACR .
Trajectory Optimization and Guidance Law Development for National Aerospace Plane Applications

The problem of on-board trajectory optimization for an airbreathing, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle is examined. A simple model representative of the aerospace plane concept, including a dual-mode propulsion system composed of SCRAMJET and rocket engines, is presented. Consideration is restricted to hypersonic flight within the atmosphere. An energy state approximation is employed in a four-state model for flight of a point mass in a vertical plane. Trajectory constraints, including those of dynamic pressure and aerodynamic heating, are initially ignored. Singular perturbation methods are applied in solving the optimal control problem of minimum fuel climb. The resulting reduced solution for the energy state dynamics provides an optimal altitude profil1e dependent on energy level and control for rocket thrust. A boundary-layer analysis produces an approximate lift control solution in feedback form and accounts for altitude and flight path angle dynamics. The reduced solution optimal climb path is presented for the unconstrained case and the case for which a maximum dynamic pressure constraint is enforced.
Latent Classes of Externalizing Behaviors in Youth with Early Maltreatment Histories.

Latent class analyses were used to identify subsets of 217 12-year-old youth with early maltreatment histories based on youth and caregiver reports of externalizing behavior problems. The identifie...
Satellite‐based identification of linked vegetation index and sea surface temperature Anomaly areas from 1982–1990 for Africa, Australia and South America

Meteorological satellite data from 1982 to 1990 were used to identify areas of significant association between tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ano- malies, here taken as a surrogate for rainfall anomalies. Dur- ing this period, large areas of arid and semi-arid Africa, Australia and South America experienced NDVI anomalies directly correlated to tropical Pacific SST anomalies. The results are limited by the relatively short time period of analysis. However, they confirm the disruptive effects of large-scale tropical Pacific SST variations on arid and semi- arid continental rainfall patterns in Africa, Australia, and South America, as reported previously.
A 12-Bit 75-MS/s Pipelined ADC Using Incomplete Settling

The residue amplifiers in high-speed pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) typically determine the converter's overall speed and power performance. We propose a mixed-signal technique that exploits incomplete settling to achieve low power residue amplification. In the first stage of a 12-bit, 75-MS/s proof-of-concept prototype, the employed open-loop residue amplifier dissipates only 2.9 mW from a 3-V supply, achieving >60% amplifier power reduction over a previously reported open-loop residue amplifier implementation and achieving >90% amplifier power reduction over a conventional opamp implementation. Test results show that the converter's maximum signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) is 65.6 dB. The measured integral and differential nonlinearity are 0.95 LSB and 0.64 LSB, respectively. The experimental chip occupies 7.9 mm2 and consumes 273 mW in a 0.35-mum double-poly, quadruple-metal CMOS process
A secure fingerprint matching technique

In this paper, we propose a novel robust secure fingerprint matching technique, which is secure against side channel attacks. An algorithm based on the local structure of the minutiae is presented to match the fingerprints. The main contribution is the careful division of the fingerprint recognition system into two parts: a secure part and a non-secure part. Only the relative small secure part, which contains sensitive biometric template information, requires realization in specialized DPA-proof logic. The rest of the system is running on LEON, which is a regular embedded platform.
On Weakly Periodic-Like Rings and Commutativity

A well-known theorm of Jacobson asserts that a ring R with the property that for every x in R there exists an integer n(x) > 1 such that xn(x) = x is necessarily commutative. With this as motivation, we define an N0-ring to be a ring which satisfies a weaker hypothesis than the “xn(x) = x” condition in Jacobson’s Theorem. We consider commutativity of N0-rings, usually with the additional hypothesis that the ground ring is also weakly periodic-like.
Think Pad: A Graphical system for Program-ming bY Demonstration

Specifying complex programs may become easier if the programming system allows the programmer to manipulate data structures graphically.