cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of an integrative DNA transformation system for the yeast Candida tropicalis.

We developed the alkane and fatty-acid utilizing yeast Candida tropicalis as a host for DNA transformations. The system is based on an auxotrophic mutant host of C. tropicalis which is defective in orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (ura3). The ura3 host was isolated by mutagenesis and a double-selection procedure that combined nystatin enrichment selection and 5-fluoro-orotic acid resistance selection. As a selectable marker, we isolated and characterized the C. tropicalis URA3 gene. Plasmid vectors that contained the C. tropicalis URA3 gene transformed the C. tropicalis mutant host at a frequency of 10(3) to 10(4) transformants per micrograms of plasmid DNA. Vectors that contained the Saccharomyces cerevisiae URA3 gene could not transform C. tropicalis. DNA transfer was accomplished by modified versions of either spheroplast generation (CaCl2-polyethylene glycol)-fusion or cation (LiCl) procedures developed for S. cerevisiae. Plasmid vectors that had been cut within the C. tropicalis URA3 fragment integrated by homologous recombination at the URA3 locus. Images
An Infrequent but Life-Threatening Complication of a Simple Procedure

Venous air embolism is an underrecognized, potentially fatal, but easily preventable complication of central line placement and removal. It can result in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system abnormalities, ranging from minor derangement to immediate cardiovascular collapse. The most serious consequence of venous air embolism is felt to be related to blood flow obstruction from a right ventricular airlock. Identifying risk factors, understanding the pathophysiology and recognizing clinical manifestations of venous air embolism will help to initiate appropriate therapy, prevent lethal sequelae and decrease the incidence of central line related venous air embolism.
Science to improve care for people affected by unhealthy alcohol and other drug use.

The last 20 years have brought two major changes in the field of addiction. First, the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) encouraged recognition of a spectrum of alcohol and other drug use that affects health and is not limited to those with the highest severity [1]. Unhealthy use (the spectrum from use that risks consequences through addiction [2]) among those without addiction is much more common than addiction itself. The second major shift also began in the 1990s with an emphasis on addiction as a chronic illness [3,4] and on unhealthy use as a health condition.
An adaptive ANOVA-based data-driven stochastic method for elliptic PDEs with random coefficient

In this paper, we present an adaptive, analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based data-driven stochastic method (ANOVA-DSM) to study the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) in the multi-query setting. Our new method integrates the advantages of both the adaptive ANOVA decomposition technique and the data-driven stochastic method. To handle high-dimensional stochastic problems, we investigate the use of adaptive ANOVA decomposition in the stochastic space as an effective dimension-reduction technique. To improve the slow convergence of the generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) method or stochastic collocation (SC) method, we adopt the data-driven stochastic method (DSM) for speed up. An essential ingredient of the DSM is to construct a set of stochastic basis under which the stochastic solutions enjoy a compact representation for a broad range of forcing functions and/or boundary conditions. Our ANOVA-DSM consists of offline and online stages. In the offline stage, the original high-dimensional stochastic problem is decomposed into a series of low-dimensional stochastic subproblems, according to the ANOVA decomposition technique. Then, for each subproblem, a data-driven stochastic basis is computed using the Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) and a two-level preconditioning optimization approach. Multiple trial functions are used to enrich the stochastic basis and improve the accuracy. In the online stage, we solve each stochastic subproblem for any given forcing function by projecting the stochastic solution into the data-driven stochastic basis constructed offline. In our ANOVA-DSM framework, solving the original high-dimensional stochastic problem is reduced to solving a series of ANOVA-decomposed stochastic subproblems using the DSM. An adaptive ANOVA strategy is also provided to further reduce the number of the stochastic subproblems and speed up our method. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our method, numerical examples are presented for one- and two-dimensional elliptic PDEs with random coefficients.
Why not consider a spherical protein? Implications of backbone hydrogen bonding for protein structure and function.

The intrinsic ability of protein structures to exhibit the geometric features required for molecular function in the absence of evolution is examined in the context of three systems: the reference set of real, single domain protein structures, a library of computationally generated, compact homopolypeptides, artificial structures with protein-like secondary structural elements, and quasi-spherical random proteins packed at the same density as proteins but lacking backbone secondary structure and hydrogen bonding. Without any evolutionary selection, the library of artificial structures has similar backbone hydrogen bonding, global shape, surface to volume ratio and statistically significant structural matches to real protein global structures. Moreover, these artificial structures have native like ligand binding cavities, and a tiny subset has interfacial geometries consistent with native-like protein–protein interactions and DNA binding. In contrast, the quasi-spherical random proteins, being devoid of secondary structure, have a lower surface to volume ratio and lack ligand binding pockets and intermolecular interaction interfaces. Surprisingly, these quasi-spherical random proteins exhibit protein like distributions of virtual bond angles and almost all have a statistically significant structural match to real protein structures. This implies that it is local chain stiffness, even without backbone hydrogen bonding, and compactness that give rise to the likely completeness of the library solved single domain protein structures. These studies also suggest that the packing of secondary structural elements generates the requisite geometry for intermolecular binding. Thus, backbone hydrogen bonding plays an important role not only in protein structure but also in protein function. Such ability to bind biological molecules is an inherent feature of protein structure; if combined with appropriate protein sequences, it could provide the non-zero background probability for low-level function that evolution requires for selection to occur.
Using Technology to Support Pedagogy in an OR/MS Course

We tried several methods to improve pedagogy in a graduate introductory OR/MS course. We developed digital video instruction modules, animations, computer-based tutorials, and a course Web site and used Web-based feedback, virtual classrooms, and collaborative learning methods to support students' learning. We learned that the course Web site, Web-based feedback, virtual classrooms, and some collaborative learning methods are easy to develop and implement and provide immediate returns. Others, such as digital video instructions, animations, and real-time collaborative computing, need more time but may provide better pedagogic benefits in the long run. The benefits from all the efforts accumulate over time. Individual instructors will have to decide whether the potential benefits provide enough payback, depending upon the reward structure of their institutions.
A novel and improved design of a ternary CNTFET-based cell

A novel ternary CNTFET-based SRAM cell is proposed in this paper; the operation of this CNTFET SRAM is nearly independent of the ternary values, therefore it is said to be balanced. Different from previous ternary cells, the proposed cell does not require a read buffer for changing the voltage level of the read bit line, because it uses additional CNTFETs to sink the bit lines to ground. By using four additional CNTFETs for ternary operation, a conventional (two-valued) sense amplifier is then used for output response. The contribution of this paper is not restricted to the design of the SRAM cell, but also the systematic modifications of the CNTFETs to substantially improve specific performance metrics. CNTFET features (such as sizing) and performance metrics (such as SNM, power delay product (PDP) and write/read times) are considered and assessed in detail. Extensive simulation results are provided to show that the proposed ternary SRAM cell has better performance compared to a previous CNTFET-based ternary cell as well as binary-based cells (implemented by either MOSFET or CNTFET).
A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SATIATION VERSUS EXTINCTION EFFECTS UNDER NONCONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES

We evaluated one method for determining whether response suppression under noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a function of satiation or extinction. Three individuals with developmental disabilities who engaged in self-injurious behavior (SIB) or aggression participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that their problem behavior was maintained by social-positive reinforcement. NCR procedures, individualized for each participant, were implemented in a multiple baseline across subjects design and were associated with decreases in all participants' problem behavior. Identification of the mechanism by which NCR produced these effects was based on examination of cumulative records showing response patterns during and immediately following each NCR session. Satiation during NCR should lead to a temporary increase in responding during the post-NCR (extinction) period due to a transition from the availability to the unavailability of reinforcement (satiation to deprivation). Alternatively, extinction during NCR should reveal no increase in responding during the extinction period because the contingency for the problem behavior would remain unchanged and the transition from satiation to deprivation conditions would be irrelevant. Results suggested that the operative mechanisms of NCR were idiosyncratic across the 3 participants and appeared to change during treatment for 1 of the participants.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Secondary to Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Report

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is defined as an acquired thrombocytopenia with antibodies detected against platelet surface antigens, and it is the most common form of thrombocytopenia in otherwise asymptomatic adults. ITP secondary to an underlying condition is a diagnosis of exclusion that is essential to establish for treatment efficacy. Secondary thrombocytopenia caused by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common, however case reports associated with diagnosis in immunocompetent adults are rare, and to the best of our knowledge only 20 publications have been associated with this diagnosis. Our report is based on a clinical presentation of a 37 year old female complaining of petechiae, heavy menses, shortness of breath and a platelet count of 1 X 109 /L. Treatment with IVIG and steroids failed to improve platelet count. Subsequently, an infectious laboratory workup was performed, detecting CMV infection, and treatment with antiviral agents was initiated, causing platelet count to increase as viral load decreased.
Oversight: Safeguarding the State's Investments and Protecting Its Residents and Resources

This paper seeks to understand state capacity to oversee private contractors through the lens of New Jersey state government. It was initially motivated by Governor Christie’s appointment in 2010 of a state commission tasked with investigating and recommending opportunities for further privatization of state government activities. Contracting out in the state of New Jersey, as in the U.S. in general, primarily takes the form of service delivery -- services are still publicly funded and government maintains decision-making power (Brudney, Fernandez, Ryu & Wright, 2004), but they are carried out by private sector actors.While the recent privatization effort has been highly ideologically and politically charged, the truth is that New Jersey state agencies have been relying on nonprofits and for-profit firms for the provision of taxpayer funded public services for some time, under both democratic and republican administrations. As New Jersey state government actively seeks to identify more services to privatize, it is critically important to understand how effectively the state oversees its private contractors. We analyze secondary source data such as laws, regulations, requests for proposals, executive orders, circulars, memoranda, and agency budgets as well as qualitative interviews conducted with current and former state employees to describe the current state of contract management in New Jersey. We then compare prescribed best practices to actual practices. In doing so we uncovered three significant structural deficiencies in New Jersey’s oversight framework. We conclude with policy implications and recommendations for improvement.
Are Probabilities Necessary For Evolutionary Explanations

Several philosophers of science have advanced an instrumentalist thesis about the use of probabilities in evolutionary biology. I investigate the consequences of instrumentalism on evolutionary explanations. I take issue with Barbara Horan's (1994) argument that probabilities are unnecessary to explain evolutionary change given the underlying deterministic character of evolutionary processes. First, I question Horan's deterministic assumption. Then, I attempt to undermine her Laplacian argument by demonstrating that whether probabilities are necessary depends upon the sort of questions one is asking.
Survey for mycorrhizal fungi in Lake States tree nurseries

Recherches de donnees qualitatives sur les mycorhizes presentes dans les pepinieres forestieres de la region des Grands Lacs
Effects of buffer and temperature on pH dependence of p-aminohippurate transport in rabbit kidney slices.

SummaryThe present investigation on the pH dependence of PAH uptake in the rabbit kidney cortical slice has shown that (i) there exists a pH optimum at which the rate of uptake is maximal, (ii) the pH optimum varies with the buffer used, and (iii) the pH optimum varies with the temperature.
Biomechanics of Eye Injury in the Military

Eye injury accounts for approximately 15 % of battlefield injuries worldwide. Most eye injuries are not life-threatening and are not a high priority on the battlefield. However, these injuries can result in a severe loss of function, diminished quality of life, and decreased career opportunities for military personnel following completion of service. The complexity of the eye is similar to the complexity of the brain in that trauma to the eye results in primary acute injuries with secondary and long term sequelae leading to visual dysfunction. To date, the biomechanics and resulting injury of ocular trauma has been a fairly underrepresented area of research. This has changed as a result of the recent wars and conflicts, but there is still a lot that is unknown or not well understood. This chapter will provide an overview of ocular anatomy, types and causes of ocular injury found in the military, and a review the state of knowledge in biomechanics of ocular trauma from blunt impact and blast exposure. Careful evaluation of the current literature will identify urgent areas of focus, establish guidelines for future biomechanics research, and lead to the development of better strategies for the detection, assessment, and prevention of ocular injury in military personnel.
Research of Agent intelligent fault diagnostic system about the pumping units

With the research of multi-Agent technology about the oil-pump unit fault diagnosis,intelligent apparatus was designed and manufactured,integrated with modern singlechip 、sensor technology.It solves the problems of diagnosing the malfunction about the oil-pump unit efficiently and quickly.The main hardware and software design methods were also introduced.
Current Concepts in the Pathogenesis and Management of Brain Abscesses in Children

Brain abscesses represent the most frequent intracranial suppurative process occurring in children. Improved bacteriologic techniques for isolating anaerobic microorganisms have shown that anaerobes play a major role in brain abscesses in conjunction with aerobic organisms such as alpha-streptococci. Computerized tomography has improved the diagnosis of brain abscesses and has changed the management in certain circumstances. Although surgical drainage still remains the definitive treatment modality, conservative medical management with serial CT scans has been successful. Still, the mortality and morbidity of brain abscesses remain substantial.
Teleconsultation program for deployed soldiers and healthcare professionals in remote and austere environments.

Background: In April 2004, the US Army Medical Department approved the use of the Army Knowledge Online (AKO) electronic e-mail system as a teleconsultation service for remote teledermatology consultations from healthcare providers in Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan to medical subspecialists in the United States. The success of the system has resulted in expansion of the telemedicine program to include 11 additional clinical specialty services: (1) burn-trauma; (2) cardiology; (3) dermatology; (4) infectious disease; (5) nephrology; (6) ophthalmology; (7) pediatric intensive care; (8) preventive and occupational medicine; (9) neurology; (10) rheumatology; and (11) toxicology. The goal of the program is to provide a mechanism for enhanced diagnosis of remote cases resulting in a better evacuation system (i.e., only evacuation of appropriate cases). The service provides a standard practice for managing acute and emergent care requests between remote medical providers in austere environments and rear-based specialists in a timely and consistent manner. Methods: Consults are generated using the AKO e-mail system routed through a contact group composed of volunteer, on-call consults. The project manager receives and monitors all teleconsultations to ensure Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance and consultant's recommendations are transmitted within a 24-hour mandated time period. A subspecialty “clinical champion” is responsible for recruiting consultants to answer teleconsultations and developing a call schedule for each specialty. Subspecialties may have individual consultants on call for specific days (e.g., dermatology and toxicology) or place entire groups on-call for a designated period of time (e.g., ophthalmology). Results: As of May 2007, 2,337 consults were performed during 36 months, with an average reply time of five hours from receipt of the teleconsultation until a recommendation was sent to the referring physician. Most consultations have been for dermatology (66%), followed by infectious disease (10%). A total of 51 known evacuations were prevented from use of the program, while 63 known evacuations have resulted following receipt of the consultants' recommendation. A total of 313 teleconsultations also have been performed for non-US patients. Conclusions: The teleconsultation program has proven to be a valuable resource for physicians deployed in austere and remote locations. Furthermore, use of such a system for physicians in austere environments may prevent unnecessary evacuations or result in appropriate evacuations for patients who initially may have been “underdiagnosed.”
At the Foreign Office

Tsar Aleksei’s final dozen years (1664–76) were probably the most successful of his reign, even if he faced some significant challenges. Thus the Orthodox Church Council in Moscow of 1666–67 not only deposed Patriarch Nikon but also condemned those who objected to Nikon’s reforms of the early 1650s. Ultimately, the Council’s decisions were pleasing to the tsar, because they asserted his supremacy over the church. They came at an highly opportune .ime, for Russia acquired eastern Ukraine and its numerous Orthodox believers (who worshipped according to Nikon’s rituals) at the .ruce of Andrusovo with the RzeczpospoHta in 1667, which also yielded Russia Smolensk (lost to Poland in 1611) and a temporary hold on Kyiv.1 Still, whereas Nikon accepted his fate, the traditionalists did not accept the Council’s reaffirmation of Nikon’s reforms. The tsar and his successors were subsequently faced with a growing dissenters’ movement collectively known as that of the Old Believers (staroobriadtsy). Their militancy was to range from acts of self-immolation to participation in a number of revolts against tsarist authority.
War aims: the outer perimeter

There is no evidence that Stalin had a master plan in mind for the political future of the borderlands in postwar Eurasia beyond the new Soviet frontier. If he had one, or even the elements of one, he did not share them with any of his colleagues in the leading organs of the party or military: in other words the individuals who would have to carry out such a plan. As more documentary evidence becomes available, it becomes clearer that throughout the war he had not made up his mind about a number of questions, including the pace and extent of the socioeconomic transformation of the postwar regimes within the states liberated by the Red Army; there is evidence that he changed his mind about some, such as the Soviet occupation zone in Germany. Although these conclusions are still debated, the following pages will attempt to demonstrate their validity. Despite the absence of a master plan, Stalin's policies can be explained as an application of his borderland thesis within two distinctive but interconnected spatial dimensions or fields of operation. Let us call them the inner and outer perimeters. The inner perimeter refers to the territories lying within the operational sphere of the Red Army and the outer perimeter to the sphere of Anglo-American military operations. In both, the military commanders assumed special administrative powers during the liberation. There was no formal agreement on this de-limitation, although Stalin referred at least once to such a separation of responsibilities. The boundary between them resembled a frontier zone; it was initially blurred and porous, even on occasion disputed. Stalin's tacit acceptance of this separation reflected his estimate of the Soviet needs arising from the German invasion and the threatening presence of a militarist and expansionist Japan. He responded by entering into an unprecedented military and political alliance with the leading democratic capitalist powers in order to win the war and obtain guarantees of Soviet security and stability in the postwar period. For Stalin a successful outcome of the war would involve an extension of the wartime alliance in order to prolong the flow of economic aid for the reconstruction of the shattered Soviet economy, prevent the rapid recovery of a strong Germany and Japan, and gain Allied acquiescence in Soviet hegemony over the Eurasian borderlands.
Neurosyphilitics and madmen: The French fin-de-siècle fictions of Huysmans, Lermina, and Maupassant.

Abstract This chapter considers a neurological approach to analyzing the decadent and fantastic fictions of the French fin-de-siecle. It focuses on three texts whose depictions of male nervosism were influenced by Charles Baudelaire's biography of Edgar Allan Poe and by contemporary medical discourses, including those of Jean-Martin Charcot and George Miller Beard: Joris-Karl Huysmans' A Rebours (1884), Jules Lermina's Les Fous (1885), and Guy de Maupassant's Le Horla (1885–1887). Although these authors were philosophically antipositivist and antimaterialist, they used scientific theories of neurasthenia, neurodegeneration, and visual hallucination to probe the frontiers between body and spirit, the known and the unknowable.
Peptide-Directed Assembly of Single-Helical Gold Nanoparticle Superstructures Exhibiting Intense Chiroptical Activity.

Chiral nanoparticle assemblies are an interesting class of materials whose chiroptical properties make them attractive for a variety of applications. Here, C18-(PEPAuM-ox)2 (PEPAuM-ox = AYSSGAPPMoxPPF) is shown to direct the assembly of single-helical gold nanoparticle superstructures that exhibit exceptionally strong chiroptical activity at the plasmon frequency with absolute g-factor values up to 0.04. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) results indicate that the single helices have a periodic pitch of approximately 100 nm and consist of oblong gold nanoparticles. The morphology and assembled structure of C18-(PEPAuM-ox)2 are studied using TEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. TEM and AFM reveal that C18-(PEPAuM-ox)2 assembles into linear amyloid-like 1D helical ribbons having structura...
Urgent listing exceptions and outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation: Comparison to standard criteria patients.

Background United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy enables listing exceptions to avoid penalizing patients with waitlist mortality not captured by standard criteria. Outcomes among patients listed by exception have not been analyzed. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric (≤17 years of age, n = 4,706) listings (2006 to 2015) for primary, isolated heart transplantation within the UNOS data set, assessing Status 1A exception ( n = 211, 4.5%) use across regions and patient characteristics and evaluating waitlist outcomes compared with candidates listed using standard criteria. Results Death or removal for reason other than transplant did not differ between exception and standard criteria patients at 1 month (11.7% vs 16.2%, p = not statistically significant [NS]), 2 months (18.2% vs 29.0%, p = 0.11) or overall (16.1% vs 22.0%, p = NS) on the waitlist. Rates were higher than among Status 1B patients (1 month: 2.8%; 2 months: 5.6%; overall: 14.9%; p p Conclusions Waitlist mortality among Status 1A exception patients is similar to that among those listed by standard criteria. However, variation in exception use across geography and demography may contribute to inequities in access to transplantation, particularly for those with low socioeconomic status. Standardization of practices may decrease regional variation and minimize inequities.
Comparative Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Conventional Approaches for Major or Challenging Hepatectomy.

Background The benefits of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for low-risk or minor liver resection are well established. There is growing interest in MIS for major hepatectomy (MH) and other challenging resections, but there remain unanswered questions of safety that prevent broad adoption of this technique. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing hepatectomy at 65 hospitals participating in the NSQIP Hepatopancreatobiliary Collaborative in 2014. We assessed serious morbidity or mortality (SMM; including organ/space infection and organ failure). Secondary outcomes included transfusion, bile leak, liver failure, reoperation or intervention, and 30-day readmission. We also measured factors considered to make resection more challenging (ie large tumors, cirrhosis, ≥3 concurrent resections, previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and morbid obesity). Results There were 2,819 patients who underwent hepatectomy (aged 58 ± 14 years; 53% female; 25% had MIS). After adjusting for clinical and operative factors, the odds of SMM (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.96; p = 0.03) and reoperation or intervention (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.93; p = 0.03) were significantly lower for patients undergoing MIS compared with open. In the MH group (n = 1,015 [13% MIS]), there was no difference in the odds of SMM after MIS (OR = 0.37; 95% CI 0.13 to 1.11; p = 0.08); however, minimally invasive MH met criteria for noninferiority. There were no differences in liver-specific complications or readmission between the groups. Odds of SMM were significantly lower after MIS among patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.70; p = 0.004). Conclusions In this large study of minimally invasive MH, we found safety outcomes that are equivalent or superior to conventional open surgery. Although the decision to offer MIS might be influenced by factors not included in this evaluation (eg surgeon experience and other patient factors), these findings support its current use in MH.
Sperm recovery and survival: two tests that predict in vitro fertilization outcome.

Objectives To determine if human sperm recovery during swim-up and sperm survival after 24hours, as obtained from a screening semen specimen, are predictive of subsequent IVF and clinical pregnancy rates (PRs) and to determine if these techniques can identify men with normal semen analysis parameters and poor IVF success. Design Historical prospective study. Setting All semen evaluations and IVF cycles were performed at the University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Patients, Participants Couples undergoing IVF at Magee-Womens Hospital from August 1988 through June 1993. Interventions A screening semen analysis and swim-up procedure were performed on all couples undergoing IVF. The number of spermatozoa recovered after swim-up and the percentage of motile spermatozoa present after a 24-hour incubation were recorded. Main Outcome Measures Fertilization and PRs were compared according to the parameters obtained from routine semen analysis, the number of spermatozoa obtained with swim-up, and the percentage of motile spermatozoa at 24hours. Results Using χ 2 or Fisher's exact test, fertilization rates were significantly different according to the number of spermatozoa recovered after swim-up (≤2.0 and >2.0×10 6 spermatozoa recovered, 48.3% versus 71.4%) as were PRs (16.9% versus 29.8%). Similarly, the percentage of motile spermatozoa present at 24hours (≤20% and >20%) discriminated between fertilization rates (45.9% versus 65.8%) and PRs (16.4% versus 36.5%). Among a subset of men with normal semen analyses and total motile sperm counts≥40×10 6 , the results from swim-up and survival discriminated between men with high and low fertilization and PRs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that swim-up results better discriminated between pregnant and nonpregnant IVF patients than sperm motility, but that the percentage of motile spermatozoa present at 24hours was no better in this regard than sperm motility. Conclusions The number of spermatozoa recovered after swim-up and the percentage of spermatozoa that maintain their motility after 24hours were both helpful in assessing IVF and PRs and may be helpful in altering physicians to a subset of men having normal semen analysis parameters yet poor IVF success.
Mentors to Many: James Olney and Paul John Eakin

(2008). Mentors to Many: James Olney and Paul John Eakin. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 23, Paul John Eakin and James Olney: A Festschrift, pp. 4-10.
Weak Limit Averaging for Studying the Dynamics of Extremum Seeking-Stabilized Systems

In this chapter we review some functional analysis and prove the main weak limit averaging theorem, Theorem 2.3, upon which the main results of this book are based. We also work out a simple example in detail to show exactly how Theorem 2.3 is applied.
Foundational aspects of classroom relations: associations between teachers’ immediacy behaviours, classroom democracy, class identification and learning

This study focused on foundational aspects of classroom relations. Specifically, relationships between teachers’ immediacy (interpersonal) behaviours, classroom democracy, identification and learning were considered. Previous work suggests that these variables can be used as a foundation to shape classroom climate, culture and learning outcomes and, by extension, assist educational institutions to achieve their civic mission. This study examined classroom democracy and class identification as variables that mediate the relationship between immediacy behaviours and learning using data collected from 529 students in six institutions of higher learning in Rwanda. Structural equation modeling revealed that classroom democracy mediates the relationship between immediacy behaviours and that classroom democracy and class identification covary substantially. The significant relationships in the final structural model suggest that immediate teachers are likely to have a positive influence on perceptions of classroom democracy, class identification and learning. Based on the growing scholarship of instructional dissent, this study highlights the foundational and strategic aspects underlying these relationships within the context of relating in the classroom and beyond.
Mapping the relationship between anxiety, anhedonia, and depression.

Introduction Anxiety and depression are often comorbid conditions, but there is uncertainty as to how this comorbidity develops. Thus, in three studies, we attempted to discern whether anhedonia may be a key linking factor between anxiety and depression.
15 Injuries associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets among young children in the united states from 2009–2015

Purpose To describe the epidemiology of injuries associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets among children Methods A retrospective analysis was performed by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children Results An estimated 90 490 (95% CI: 63,068–117,911) children Conclusions These findings demonstrate that crib-, playpen-, and bassinet-related injuries remain an important source of injury for children. The high frequency of falls highlights the potential hazards of products that children use daily. Significance Investigating the epidemiology of injuries associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets is critical as parents rely on these products for safe sleep areas for infants and young children. Long-term surveillance of injuries is needed after crib safety standards were updated in 2011.
Thermal maturity patterns of Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico

Horizontal and vertical thermal maturity patterns and time-temperature modeling of Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks in the San Juan Basin of southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico indicate that the high levels of thermal maturity in the northern part of the basin are due to either (1) convective heat transfer associated with a deeply buried heat source located directly below the northern part of the basin or (2) the circulation of relatively hot fluids into the basin from a heat source north of the basin located near the San Juan Mountains. Vitrinite-reflectance (R m ) well profiles through Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks in the basin are commonly nonlinear, with two to four segments having different gradients. The different gradients most likely represent the combined effects of contrasting thermal conductivities associated with lithologic variations and differences in heat transfer processes (conductive versus convective). Time-temperature and kinetic modeling of nonlinear R m profiles indicates that present-day heat flow is insufficient to account for the measured levels of thermal maturity. Furthermore, in order to match the nonlinear R m profiles, it is necessary to assign artificially high thermal-conductivity values to some of the stratigraphic units. These unrealistically high thermal conductivities are interpreted as evidence of convective heat transfer.
In the shadow of the law: the role of custom in intellectual property

Custom, including industry practices and social norms, has a tremendous influence on intellectual property (“IP”) law, from affecting what happens outside of the courts in the trenches of the creative, technology, and science-based industries, to influencing how courts analyze infringement and defenses in IP cases. For decades, many scholars overlooked or dismissed the impact of custom on IP law in large part because of a belief that the dominant statutory frameworks that govern IP left little room for custom to play a role. In the last ten years, however, the landscape has shifted and more attention has been given to considering how custom affects IP entitlements both outside and inside the courtroom. This book chapter in the Research Handbook on the Economics of Intellectual Property Law focuses on the theoretical frames that inform the incorporation of custom into the law, and documents some of the practices and norms of various communities that use IP. I criticize the frequent and unreflected reliance on custom to determine the scope of IP rights, suggesting guidelines for when it can nevertheless be a sometimes useful tool for providing insights about IP laws. This analysis is partially informed by traditional common law limits on the incorporation of custom into the law. The chapter concludes with some recommendations for future areas of research for scholars based on my framework for thinking about custom in the context of IP laws.
Redundant Information and Predictable Returns

How well do investors distinguish information that already is priced from genuinely novel and exclusive private information? This paper examines whether investors misweight information that already is in stock prices (labeled “redundant information”) in making their trading decisions. We extend the Kyle (1985) model to allow for non-Bayesian updating and transaction costs. The model predicts that price changes exhibit a state space process, in which the parameter for investors' non-Bayesian weighting of redundant information is estimable distinctly from information asymmetry, transaction costs, and serial correlation in liquidity trader demand. Using this model, we estimate a firm-quarter measure of investors' misweighting of redundant information. We find that, on average, investors behave as if over 47 percent of the information content in the immediately prior price change is private information. Overall, these results suggest one way that momentum and mean reversion in stock price returns could result from investors' misuse of information.
Upregulation of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells with virus-based thin films

A major aim of tissue engineering is to develop biomimetic scaffolding materials that can guide the proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of multipotent stem cells into specific lineages. Cellular functions can be controlled by the interactions between cells and biomaterials. Therefore, the surface chemistry and topography of support materials play a pivotal role in modulating cell behaviors at many stages of cell growth and development. Due to their highly ordered structure and programmable surface chemistries, which provide unique topography as biomaterials, viral nanoparticles have been utilized as building blocks for targeted cell growth and differentiation. This review article discusses the fabrication of two-dimensional virus-based thin film on substrates and highlights the study of the effect of chemical and physical cues introduced by plant virus nanoparticle thin films on the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Research Questions in Data Science

The types of research questions we face in medicine, technology, and business continue to increase in their complexity with our growing ability to obtain novel forms of data. Much of the data in both observational and experimental studies is gathered over lengthy periods of time with multiple measures collected at intermediate time points. Some of these data are streaming (such as posts on Twitter), images, DNA sequences, or electronic health records. Statistical learning methods must be developed and adapted for these new challenges.
Robustness analysis of dynamic equivalent model of DFIG wind farm for stability study

With the wind power energy largely interconnected with power grid, it's necessary to develop a robust dynamic equivalent model of the wind farm for the system stability analysis and control. In this paper, a detailed wind farm model with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) is established according to Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) benchmark test system. Then the parameters identification process based on aggregation technique consisting of a hybrid algorithm combined improved-particle swarm optimization (IPSO) with improved-genetic algorithm (I-GA) is proposed for dynamic equivalent model development by using the measurement data from phasor measurement unit (PMU) at the point of interconnection (POI). Additionally, the robustness of the developed equivalent model is analyzed. The simulation results of the benchmark test system and IEEE-9 bus system demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed equivalent modeling and identification methodology.
Salivary Gland Fine Needle Aspiration

Salivary glands comprise three paired major glands—the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual—and numerous minor glands. Most salivary gland fine needle aspiration (FNA) targets parotid and submandibular glands. The masses or cystic lesions of salivary glands have a wide range of differential diagnoses, from inflammatory response to neoplasm to less common causes of infection [1]. The World Health Organization has included at least 37 morphologic types of primary salivary gland tumors, many of which show remarkable overlapping of morphologic features (Table 1.1) [2]. The application of needle aspiration to diagnose salivary gland lesions was documented by the 1930s [3, 4]. Over the past few decades, FNA has developed into a widely accepted diagnostic procedure and is often the first step in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions, with reported 79% accuracy, 74% sensitivity, and 88% specificity rates [5–7]. FNA has the potential to change the clinical approach in up to one third of patients [8]. The high accuracy of salivary gland FNA benefits from high frequencies of certain tumors with relatively unique cytologic features, including matrix component in the smears. The main purpose of this chapter is to highlight these characteristic findings. It cannot be overemphasized that these morphologic features must be interpreted in the appropriate clinical and radiologic settings, including lesion site and size, speed of growth, clinical symptoms, and the patient’s age, gender, and ethnicity. Like any cytologic samples, accurate salivary gland FNA diagnosis depends on adequate tissue sampling. Procedures including rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) are critical to ensure sufficient diagnostic material.
Are the Outward Processing Provisions in the South Korean Free Trade Agreements Consistent with the Law of the World Trade Organization

In recent years, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) has entered into many free trade agreements (FTAs) that contain special provisions—outward processing (OP) provisions—that extend the benefit of preferential tariff rates to the products manufactured or processed in the Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC). OP refers to the temporary exportation of goods for additional processing and the KIC is an outward processing zone in the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea (North Korea) where South Korean companies are allowed to establish manufacturing plants and to employ North Korean labor. As “temporary” indicates, the finished goods are always imported back to South Korea for domestic consumption or permanent exportation. Currently, South Korea does not impose any tariff on North Korean products because the South Korean government regards inter-Korean trade as “trade within a nation.” Other countries, however, do not consider the two Koreas as one customs territory and treat products that have been processed in the KIC as North Korean goods. This treatment of products that have been processed in the KIC as originating in North Korea harms the exporters of goods processed in the KIC because North Korea is not a member of the World * Pierce Lee is an international trade analyst in the Washington, D.C. office of Crowell & Moring LLP. He received his B.A. and J.D. from the University of British Columbia and his LL.M. from Georgetown University Law Center. He is admitted to the bar in British Columbia, Canada and New York State. For further information on the author’s background, please see http://www.piercelee.com. The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not reflect the views of Crowell & Moring LLP. The author wishes to thank Professor Richard Diamond for supervising the research project that lead to this article. All errors, however, are the author’s own. The author wishes to thank Seungwhan, Malsun, and Thomas for their love and support. † This article builds substantially on one of the author’s previously published articles. In that article, the author first articulates the problems associated with the country-oforigin determination of the Kaesong products in relation to the WTO. See Pierce Lee, Rules of Origin and the Kaesong Industrial Complex: South Korea’s Uphill Battle Against the Principle of Territoriality, 39 N.C. J. Int’l L. & Com. Reg. 1 (2013).
Understanding spoken language through TalkBank

Ongoing advances in computer technology have opened up a deluge of new datasets for understanding human behavior (Goldstone & Lupyan, 2016). Many of these datasets provide information on the use of written language. However, data on naturally occurring spoken-language conversations are much more difficult to obtain. A major exception to this is the TalkBank system, which provides online multimedia data for 14 types of spoken-language data: language in aphasia, child language, stuttering, child phonology, autism spectrum disorder, bilingualism, Conversation Analysis, classroom discourse, dementia, right hemisphere damage, Danish conversation, second language learning, traumatic brain injury, and daylong recordings in the home. The present report reviews these resources and describes the ways they are being used to further our understanding of human language and communication.
Methods for assessment of Vitamin E

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to give a very brief overview of the structure and function of vitamin E, then to focus on the best methods for its measurement for a variety of biological samples. Historically, vitamin E was considered difficult to measure because of its instability and its lipophilicity. These challenges have largely been overcome, and with modern technologies it is possible to detect femtomole (10–15 mol) quantities with accuracy and precision.
Artificial Intelligence in Business Communication: A Snapshot:

Despite artificial intelligence’s far-reaching influence in the financial reporting and other business domains, there is a surprising dearth of accessible descriptions about the assumptions underly...
GEOMETRIC OBJECT BASED BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY DERIVED POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. 3D building models are needed for urban planning and smart city. These models can be generated from stereo aerial images, satellite images or LiDAR point clouds. In this paper, we propose a geometric object-based building reconstruction method from satellite imagery derived point clouds. The goal is to achieve a geometrically correct, topologically consistent, and non-redundant 3D representation for buildings in urban areas. The paper first introduces our motivation, followed by a comprehensive review on related works. We then introduce the methodology and process developed in this paper. Primary results from the point clouds generated from WorldView high resolution satellite images are used to demonstrate the performance of the approach.