cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Three-Dimensional Temperature Transients in the Canine Prostate During Transurethral Microwave Thermal Therapy

Thermal therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia requires accurate prediction of the temperature distribution induced by the heating within the prostatic tissue. In this study, the Pennes bioheat transfer equation was used to model the transient heat transfer inside the canine prostate during transurethral microwave thermal therapy. Incorporating the specific absorption rate of microwave energy in tissue, a closed-form analytical solution was obtained. Good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions and in-vivo experimental results. Effects of blood perfusion and the cooling at the urethral wall on the temperature rise were investigated within the prostate during heating. The peak intraprostatic temperatures attained by application of 5, 10, or 15 W microwave power were predicted to be 38 degrees C, 41 degrees C, and 44 degrees C. Results from this study will help optimize the thermal dose that can be applied to target tissue during the therapy.
The Quad Model for Identifying a Corporate Director’s Potential for Effective Monitoring: Toward a New Theory of Board Sufficiency

We introduce a new theoretical perspective for predicting effective monitoring, which involves a two-stage logic. First, we focus on individual directors, arguing that effective monitoring is highly likely when a given director possesses certain qualities. Based on prior research not previously coalesced, we set forth this baseline proposition: a director’s likelihood of being an effective monitor in any given domain (say, financial matters) is greatly increased when he or she has all four of the following qualities: independence, expertise in that domain, bandwidth, and motivation. Second, we extend this quadrilateral model—or quad model—to make propositions at the board level. We argue that it is not sufficient for these four qualities to be distributed among all directors on a given board, since this makes it likely there will be no directors who can rise to the challenging task of monitoring. We propose that having just one quad-qualified director will be more predictive of board efficacy than will be...
Metabolism of chlorsulfuron by tolerant broadleaves

Abstract The ability of flax and black nightshade to metabolize chlorsulfuron was studied to determine if metabolism contributes to tolerance and to identify any metabolites produced. Plant leaves were treated with [14C]chlorsulfuron for a 24-hr period. The metabolites were extracted, separated by HPLC, and characterized. Mass spectral analysis and independent synthesis confirmed a major metabolite (B-1) as 2-chloro-N-{[4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino-carbonyl}benzenesulfonamide. A second major metabolite (B) was determined to be a carbohydrate conjugate of B-1. Plants were more tolerant to B-1 applications than to chlorsulfuron. These results suggest that metabolism may be the basis of selectivity to chlorsulfuron for tolerant broadleaf plants as well as for grasses.
Substituted 3-Phenylpropenoates and Related Analogs: Electron Ionization Mass Spectral Fragmentation and Density Functional Theory Calculations

Analysis of ethyl 3-(2-chlorophenyl)propenoate by electron ionization mass spectrometry showed the distinct loss of an ortho chlorine. To characterize the structural requisites for the observed mass fragmentation, a series of 30 halogen-substituted 3-phenylpropenoate-related structures were examined. All ester-containing alkene derivatives exhibited loss of the distinctive chlorine from the 2-position of the phenyl ring. Analogous derivatives with the halogen (chlorine or bromine) in the para position did not evidence selective halogen loss. Results demonstrated that substituted 3-phenylpropenoates and their analogs fragment via the formation of a previously reported benzopyrylium intermediate. To understand the correlation between the intramolecular radical substitution and the abundance and selectivity of the chlorine (or other halogen) displacement, density functional theory calculations were performed to determine the charge on the principal cation involved in the chlorine loss (in the ortho, meta, and para positions), the charge for the neutral radical (noncation), the excess alpha-electron density on the relevant atom and the energy to form the cation from the neutral atom (ionization energy). Results showed that the selectivity and extent of halogen displacement correlated highly to the electrophilicity of the radical cation as well as the neutral radical. These data further support the proposed fragmentation mechanism involving intramolecular radical elimination.
An automated analysis methodology to detect inconsistencies in web services with WSDL interfaces

Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) is being increasingly used to specify web service interfaces. Specifications of this type, however, are often incomplete or imprecise, which can create difficulties for client developers who rely on the WSDL files. To address this problem a semi-automated methodology that probes a web service with semi-automatically generated inputs and analyzes the resulting outputs is presented. The results of the analysis are compared to the original WSDL file and differences between the observed behavior of the service and the WSDL specifications are reported to the user. The methodology is applied in two case studies involving two popular commercial (Amazon and eBay) web services. The results show that the methodology can scale, and that it can uncover problems in the WSDL files that may impact a large number of clients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF MODERATE- TO HIGH-SEVERITY WILDFIRE ON A DISTURBANCE-DEPENDENT FLYCATCHER IN NORTHWEST CALIFORNIA

Abstract Previous studies have shown Olive-sided Flycatchers (Contopus cooperi) to be associated with burned forest, which suggests that wildfire is beneficial to the species. To examine that more closely, we studied the short-term effects (first two years after disturbance) of moderate- to high-severity wildfire on Olive-sided Flycatchers breeding in northwestern California. During summers of 2000 and 2001, we investigated distribution of and compared the relative nest loss, foraging rates, and aerial arthropod biomass at Olive-sided Flycatcher territories in burned and adjacent unburned forest. The probability of postfire site occupancy was best predicted by the presence of pre-existing forest edges (odds ratio = 8:1). Probability of relative nest loss was much higher in the presence of fire (odds ratio = 9:1). Adult female peak foraging rates were nearly twice as high in unburned (2000 = 2.1 attacks min−1, 2001 = 2.5) as in burned (2000 = 1.0, 2001 = 1.5) territories, and relative aerial arthropod biom...
Systemic Bottlenecks in the Information Society

Sometimes the worst that can happen is to get what one wants. And perhaps this is happening to us with the revolution in information and communications. While this revolution is progressing quite successfully, success, just as failure, has a way of creating its own problems.
Eighteenth Colorado Mathematical Olympiad: April 20, 2001

The Olympiad season commenced on April 19, 2001, with Raquel Rutledge’s article “Let the math games begin” in the Gazette: Solving one of Alexander Soifer’s math problems is like finding a treasure.
Characterization of Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (100) Surfaces by Variable Temperature Scanning Surface Potential Microscopy and Piezoresponse Imaging

Variable temperature atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM) and piezoresponse imaging were applied to the characterization of a model BaTiO3(100) surface. The influence of the domain structure on surface topography, surface potential and piezoresponse image is discussed. The domain induced surface corrugations and piezoelectric response were found to disappear above the Curie temperature in full agreement with theoretical expectations. Relaxation of apparent surface potential after the transition to paraelectric state on heating and during the transition to ferroelectric state on cooling was observed. The kinetics of potential relaxation was orders of magnitude slower than that of the transition.
Management characteristics, lameness, and body injuries of dairy cattle housed in high-performance dairy herds in Wisconsin

The objective of this study was to benchmark the prevalence of lameness, hock and knee injuries, and neck and back injuries among high-performance, freestall-housed dairy herds in Wisconsin. A random selection of 66 herds with 200 or more cows was derived from herds that clustered with high performance in year 2011 Dairy Herd Improvement records for milk production, udder health, reproduction, and other health parameters. Herds were surveyed to collect information about management, facilities, and well-being. Well-being measures were obtained through direct observation of the high-producing mature cow group, surveying 9,690 cows in total. Total herd size averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 851±717 cows, ranging 203 to 2,966 cows, with an energy-corrected milk production of 40.1±4.4kg/cow per day. Prevalence of clinical lameness (5-point scale, locomotion score ≥3) and severe lameness (locomotion score ≥4) averaged 13.2±7.3 and 2.5±2.7%, respectively. The prevalence of all hock and knee injuries, including hair loss, swelling, and ulceration, was similar at 50.3±28.3 and 53.0±24.0%, respectively. Severe (swelling and ulceration) hock and knee injury prevalence were 12.2±15.3 and 6.2±5.5%, respectively. The prevalence of all neck injuries (including hair loss, swelling and ulceration) was 8.6±16.3%; whereas the prevalence of swollen or abraded necks was low, averaging 2.0±4.1%. Back injuries (proportion of cows with missing or abraded spinous processes, hooks, or pins) followed a similar trend with a low mean prevalence of 3.6±3.4%. Overall, physical well-being characteristics of this selection of high-producing, freestall-housed dairy herds provide evidence that lameness and injury are not inevitable consequences of the confinement housing of large numbers of dairy cattle. In particular, lameness prevalence rivals that of lower-production grazing systems. However, hock and other injury risk remains a concern that can be addressed through a choice in stall surface type. Use of deep, loose bedding yielded significant advantages over a mat or mattress type surface in terms of lameness, hock and knee injury, and proportion of cows with dirty udders (distinct demarcated to confluent plaques of manure). The performance benchmarks achieved by these herds may be used to set standards by which similarly managed herds may be judged using welfare audit tools.
Model of Elective Courses System Based on UML

UML(Unified Modeling Language) is the standardized language,which is applicable to Draw up the software blue print and based on object model,it provides the description foundation of software method and process.In this paper,the main content of UML are introduced;the modeling processes of UML are described through an example of Elective Courses System.
A Multi-Objective Clustering-Based Method to Draft Medium-and Long-Term Schedules for Power Generation and Purchase and Its Application

The drafting of provincial medium-and long-tern schedule for power generation and purchase differs from province to province.To solve this problem,a method to draft provincial medium-and long-term schedule for power generation and purchase,which is based on multi-objective clustering and can be flexibly expanded,is proposed.Based on the requirement,the proposed method can flexibly set up the optimized objectives according to total coal consumption,pollutant emission,network loss and cost of electricity purchase of power grid,and at present the proposed method is realized and applied in many provincial power grids.Application results show that the proposed method can take the effects of multi-objectives into account and is a versatile.
Modern concepts of endometriosis. Classification and its consequences for therapy.

Objective To review the development of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification forms for endometriosis and assess efforts to validate their clinical utility. Study design The relevant medical literature was reviewed. Results ASRM has established classification forms for endometriosis in women with infertility and pelvic pain. The utility of these new forms has not been assessed. Studies using earlier versions of the ASRM classification reported that the stage of disease correlates better with pain symptoms than fertility outcome. Conclusion The ASRM classification form for infertility and the form to assist in the management of pelvic pain in women with endometriosis permit clear documentation of the extent and morphologic type of disease. Further studies are needed to refine the classification and enhance its predictive ability.
The serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase IV as a myokine: dietary protein and exercise mimetics as a stimulus for transcription and release.

Dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) is an enzyme with numerous roles within the body, mostly related to regulating energy metabolism. DPP‐IV is also a myokine, but the stimulus for its release is poorly understood. We investigated the transcription and release of DPP‐IV from skeletal muscle in a three‐part study using C2C12 myotube cultures, an acute rat exercise and postexercise feeding model, and human feeding or human exercise models. When myotubes were presented with leucine only, hydrolyzed whey protein, or chemicals that cause exercise‐related signaling to occur in cell culture, all caused an increase in the mRNA expression of DPP‐IV (1.63 to 18.56 fold change, P < 0.05), but only whey protein caused a significant increase in DPP‐IV activity in the cell culture media. When rats were fed whey protein concentrate immediately following stimulated muscle contractions, DPP‐IV mRNA in both the exercised and nonexercised gastrocnemius muscles significantly increased 2.5‐ to 3.7‐fold ( P < 0.05) 3–6 h following the exercise/feeding bout; of note exercise alone or postexercise leucine‐only feeding had no significant effect. In humans, plasma and serum DPP‐IV activities were not altered by the ingestion of whey protein up to 1 h post consumption, after a 10 min bout of vigorous running, or during the completion of three repeated lower body resistance exercise bouts. Our cell culture and rodent data suggest that whey protein increases DPP‐IV mRNA expression and secretion from muscle cells. However, our human data suggest that DPP‐IV is not elevated in the bloodstream following acute whey protein ingestion or exercise.
Abstract 1441: Systems-level interrogation of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy through pooled shRNA screens

Despite the impressive clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in some patients, many still do not respond or progress following an initial response. The molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor resistance in those non-responders remain largely undefined. To address this issue, we set out to perform high-throughput unbiased pooled shRNA screens to identify critical genes that confer immune resistance. Patient-derived melanoma cells were transduced with barcoded pooled lentiviral shRNA libraries that targeted the human kinome, followed by exposure to cytotoxicity mediated by autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Tumor cells were then subject to genomic deep sequencing and integrated analysis to identify depleted barcodes and corresponding genes. One identified candidate of particular interest is Aurora Kinase A (AURKA), a cell cycle regulator that has previously been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis and correlate with poor prognosis for cancer patients. Importantly, our independent screening with a bioactive compound library also implicated Aurora Kinase as an immune resistance candidate against T cell immunotherapy. Further studies showed that suppression of Aurora kinase activity with a pan inhibitor - AMG900, exhibited a synergistic cytotoxic effect with tumor infiltrating lymphocyte-mediated killing on autologous tumor cells from patients. Furthermore, our Nanostring analysis of tumor biopsies from patients that received adoptive T cell therapy revealed significantly increased expression of AURKA in tumors from non-responding patient when compared with responder counterparts. These results have substantiated the validity of our pooled shRNA screening platform. Further investigations are ongoing to elucidate the underpinnings of Aurora kinase-mediated tumor resistance to immunotherapy and to functionally and physiologically validate other putative targets we have identified. Citation Format: Zhe Wang, Shruti Malu, Weiyi Peng, Jodi McKenzie, Rina Mbofung, Leila Williams, Sahil Seth, Tim Heffernan, Patrick Hwu. Systems-level interrogation of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy through pooled shRNA screens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1441.
“Let's Do What Together?!” Shared Activity Perceptions and Relationship Closeness

ABSTRACTThis study examined when the shared activity of extreme sports predicts relationship closeness. Participants who were skydivers involved in a relationship with a nonskydiver or a fellow skydiver were asked about perceived severity and perceived likelihood of possible negative events related to skydiving. Those who shared the activity of skydiving with their relationship partner reported higher levels of closeness than those who did not. However, this difference was contingent on perceptions of skydiving. Among those who perceived that possible negative events related to skydiving would be likely to happen but low in severity, closeness was higher if skydiving was an activity they shared with their partner. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the role of shared activities in relationship closeness.
Exploring library and information experiences of Arab students studying in the United States

This paper is an exploration of past and present experiences Arab students studying in the United States have encountered while accessing information. How these experiences, both in their home countries and in the US, have influenced their perceptions of information and libraries and personal and professional lives are also discussed. Cette communication se veut une exploration des experiences passees et presentes des etudiants arabes qui etudient aux Etats-Unis lorsqu’ils accedent a de l’information. On y discute de comment ces experiences, a la fois dans leur pays d’origine et aux Etats-Unis, ont influence leur perception de l’information et des bibliotheques ainsi que leurs vies personnelles et professionnelles.
Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in bilateral breast reduction surgery: An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Summary Background The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing bilateral breast reduction surgery remains unknown. This study aimed to determine VTE incidence and risk factors in this patient cohort. Methods American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2010–2014) was used to identify women undergoing bilateral breast reduction. Demographic factors, comorbidities, and incidence of postoperative VTE were evaluated. Bivariate and risk-adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine factors associated with the development of postoperative VTE. Results A total of 5371 cases were identified. The mean age was 43.7 years (SD ± 13.9 years). The rate of VTE was 0.22%, with 0.17% rate of pulmonary embolism and 0.07% rate of deep venous thrombosis requiring treatment. Patients who suffered VTE were older (52.4 ± 12.8 vs. 43.7 ± 13.9 years, p Conclusion In bilateral breast reduction surgery, older patients, patients requiring blood transfusion, and patients who have unplanned return to the operating room are at an increased risk of developing postoperative VTE. These factors can be considered for patient risk-stratification and perioperative decision-making regarding VTE prevention.
Problem Set 4.1 – Nerve Conduction

This chapter presents various problem sets related to nerve conduction in central nervous system (CNS).
Stock price reactions to stock dividend announcements: A case from a sluggish economic period

Abstract The 2007 financial crisis and the Great Recession that followed resulted in a loss of confidence among investors, and regaining their full trust and confidence has been a challenge for companies. Although economic growth has been volatile throughout the postwar World War II period, recent growth (2008–2015) has been remarkably weaker than in the previous low-growth period (1974–1995). The 2006–2015 period is often characterized by sluggish economic growth. This study investigates stock price reactions to stock dividend announcements, 30 days before and after the announcement dates, of publicly traded companies in the period 2006–2012. We use an event study methodology for 460 events and daily stock price data for companies in the CRSP historical data set. The study shows a significant reaction in stock prices around the event date. On average, stock prices reacted positively to stock dividend announcements. However, compared to previous findings of abnormal returns (5.9%), results from this study show small abnormal returns (about 1.81%) attributable to stock dividend announcements that are cumulative of the announcement day and up to 3-day post-announcement days. Our estimates are even lower than the 2.01% stock price reaction obtained in the 1987–1996 period.
Evidence for energetic tradeoffs between physical activity and childhood growth across the nutritional transition

Despite broad implications for understanding human life history, energetics, and health, the impact of physical activity on childhood growth remains unclear. Particularly understudied is the effect of secular changes in physical activity on child development. We address these shortcomings using data spanning the transition from traditional to semi-developed economy among Yucatec Maya agriculturalists. Anthropometric and behavioral observation data were collected from children living in a subsistence-based rural community in 1992 and again in 2012 following the introduction of a school and mechanized technologies but minimal overt dietary change. Multiple regression analyses demonstrate dramatic twenty-year transformations in how children spent their time. This behavioral change was associated with large declines in estimated physical activity level (PAL), associated activity energy expenditure savings of several hundred kilocalories/day, and sizable increases in mean height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness. Controlling for observed frequency of market food consumption, PAL was inversely related to child body size and subcutaneous fat stores and significantly mediated the effects of data collection year on anthropometric indices. These findings indicate that physical activity can considerably influence childhood growth, highlighting the role of energy allocation tradeoffs between physical activity and competing life tasks in shaping patterns of human ontogeny and health.
Unique Full-Rank Solution of the Sylvester-Observer Equation and Its Application to State Estimation in Control Design

Needs to be found, is a classical equation. There has been much study, both from theoretical and computational view points, on this equation. The results of existence and uniqueness are well-known and numerically effective algorithms have been developed in recent years (see, Datta [2]), to compute the solution.
Identification of Pilot-Vehicle Dynamics from Simulation and Flight Test

The paper discusses an identification problem in which a basic feedback control structure, or pilot control strategy, is hypothesized. Identification algorithms are employed to determine the particular form of pilot equalization in each feedback loop. It was found that both frequency- and time-domain identification techniques provide useful information.
P17: Transfusion of storage-aged, but not fresh red blood cells in hospitalized patients results in endothelial dysfunction and decreased circulating nitrite levels

Background Transfusion of storage-aged (aged) packed red blood cells (pRBCs) is associated with worse outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We measured plasma nitrite (NO2) levels and tested brachial vascular reactivity during transfusion of aged and fresh pRBCs with the hypothesis that aged pRBCs will impair NO2 and endothelial function. Methods Forty-four hospital inpatients (aged 59 ± 14 years, 46% female) receiving cross-matched pRBC transfusions for clinical indications were randomized to receive either fresh (aged 21 days, n = 24). NO2 was measured via high-performance liquid chromatography and vascular endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery before, during, and following (1 and 24 h) transfusion. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model. Results There were no differences in demographics, CVD risk factors, known CVD, amount of pRBC transfused, or baseline NO2 or FMD between groups. The mean (±SD) age of pRBC units was 9.1 ± 3.1 days and 29.8 ± 5.7 days in the fresh and aged groups, respectively. Patients receiving fresh blood had a 0.191 ± 0.438 and 0.069 ± 0.242 μM increase in NO2 at 1 and 24 h after transfusion, respectively, whereas, patients receiving aged blood experienced a 0.055 ± 0.227 and 0.079 ± 0.226 μM decrease in NO2 at 1 and 24 h representing a difference in NO2 response between fresh and aged blood, p = 0.027 and p = 0.052 at 1 and 24 h, respectively (Panel A). Patients receiving fresh pRBCs had no significant change in FMD. However, FMD significantly decreased by 2.4% (p = 0.037) 24 h after transfusion of aged pRBCs (Panel B). Summary and conclusions Transfusion of aged, but not fresh blood is associated with decreased plasma NO2 and FMD response within 24 h of transfusion. Aged transfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction may contribute to poor outcomes associated with blood transfusion. Strategies to improve NO bioactivity in transfusion need to be further investigated. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.
Structure and experimental uses of arthropod venom proteins.

The utility and power of natural toxins as experimental probes is well established. Natural toxins have been used as tools to detect the existence of new biochemical molecules and new biochemical pathways, and to experimentally dissect the functional mechanisms by which cellular components act.
The Effects of Pornography on Sexual Minority Men's Body Image: An Experimental Study

Pornography’s effects on sexual minority men have not been extensively researched. Studies specifically examining its effects on body image in both heterosexual and sexual minority men have reporte...
Block Adjustment of Models

The historical development of the block adjustment of models is described, as it can be found in French, English and German-language photogrammetric literature. This is followed by a short account ...
Invasive Hemodynamic Consequences of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in the New UNOS Allocation System for Patients Awaiting Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Introduction We report the hemodynamic consequences of IABP support in a cohort of patients awaiting cardiac transplantation since the new UNOS allocation system was implemented on October, 18, 2018. Methods We analyzed prospectively collected invasive hemodynamics from 20 consecutive patients admitted to the heart failure ICU and supported with an IABP. All patients were admitted with cardiogenic shock with an average cardiac index of 1.73 ± 0.22L/min/m2 (table 1).The distribution of cardiomyopathy is as follows: 60% non-ischemic, 20% ischemic, 10% congenital (CC-TGA), and 10% restrictive. Results There was a statistically significant increase in pulmonary artery oxygen saturation, cardiac index, and decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure after IABP insertion (p Conclusion In our experience, we found that a majority of patients awaiting cardiac transplantation presenting with cardiogenic shock proved to be balloon pump responsive with subsequent stabilization, as defined by improvement in cardiac index and decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. We report the favorable hemodynamic profile of counter-pulsation therapy in a cohort of patients admitted with cardiogenic shock awaiting orthotopic heart transplantation.
Deformation Independent Non-linearity Estimation: Studies and Implementation in Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography

Nonlinear elasticity imaging provides additional information about tissue behavior that is potentially diagnostic and can lead to better tissue characterization. Nonlinear elastic properties of tissue become apparent upon application of large deformation to the medium. The majority of nonlinear elasticity estimation techniques rely on uni-axial compression. Here, we study the change in shear wave speed with the medium subjected to simple shear stress and also pure uniaxial compressive stress. Axial and lateral deformation of the tissue was tracked using quasi-static strain elastography. The local stress map is computed from cumulative sum of apparent shear modulus (measured by shear wave elastography) times the estimated differential strain. By fitting the change in local stress obtained to the estimated strain, nonlinear shear modulus is mapped. The rate of the change in local stress distribution in the medium differs with different deformations applied. However, the absolute value of nonlinear shear modulus obtained for different deformations applied were similar, thereby demonstrating the ability to give a quantitative measure of material non-linearity irrespective of subjected deformations.
The Rate of Symptomatic Ischemic Events after Passing Balloon Test Occlusion of the Major Intracranial Arteries: Meta-Analysis.

Background Balloon test occlusion is a widely used method for predicting tolerance of vessel occlusion in the treatment of aneurysms, fistulae, and head and neck neoplasms. However, the false-negative rate is variably reported due in part to the diversity of perfusion monitoring methods. Objective To evaluate the rate of symptomatic ischemic events after a negative balloon test occlusion and determine whether perfusion monitoring methods contribute to differences in these rates. Methods PubMed was systematically searched for studies between 1990 and 2020 that reported rates of ischemic outcomes of parental vessel occlusion in patients who passed balloon test occlusion. A generalized linear mixed model meta-analysis was performed. Results were expressed as the rate of symptomatic ischemic events after parental vessel occlusion without vessel bypass in patients who passed balloon test occlusion. Results Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled rate of ischemic events after passing balloon test occlusion was 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–7.8). This rate was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.1–12.8) when monitored with angiography, 2.2% (95% CI: 0.4–10.2) when monitored by a form of computed tomography, and 5.3% (95% CI: 1.2–20.4) when monitored by 2 or more methods of perfusion assessment. The complication rate of balloon test occlusion was 0.8% (95% CI: 0.2–2.7). Conclusions Balloon test occlusion results in a low rate of subsequent ischemic events, without conclusive evidence of variation between methods of perfusion assessment. The choice of method should focus on reduction of complication risk, experience of the interventional team, and avoidance of prolonged test occlusion times.
Religiosity and Resilience: Cognitive Reappraisal and Coping Self-Efficacy Mediate the Link between Religious Coping and Well-Being.

Qualitative evidence points to the engagement of religious coping strategies when facing adversity, and evidence also highlights the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal in reducing the impact of distressing emotions on well-being. It has been suggested that religious practices could facilitate the use of reappraisal, by promoting reframing of negative cognitions to alter emotional states. However, the link between religiosity and reappraisal in influencing resilience against symptoms of distress is not known. The current study (N = 203) examined connections among these aspects, using self-reported measures of religious coping, habitual use of specific coping strategies (positive reappraisal) and perceived confidence in using coping strategies, as well as questionnaires assessing symptoms of distress (anxiety and depression). Results point to a mediating role of reappraisal and coping self-efficacy as part of mechanisms that provide a protecting role of religious coping against emotional distress. These results provide novel scientific evidence further validating millennia-old traditional coping practices and shed light on psychological factors influencing adaptive behaviors that promote increased resilience, reduce symptoms of distress, and maintain emotional well-being. These findings inform general counseling practices and counseling of religious clients alike.
Risks that are “worthy” to take: temporary workers’ risk-benefit and willingness perceptions

Differences in temporary and permanent workers’ risk-benefit appraisals need to be investigated due to its potential relationship with incurred risk and occupational risk-taking behaviours. A total...
Wonder Woman 1984: Wish Fulfillment and Reasonable Expectations

Wonder Woman 1984, by Director: Patty Jenkins. Writers: Patty Jenkins, Geoff Johns, and Dave Callahan. Production companies: DC Comics, Warner Bros., DC Entertainment, Atlas Entertainment, The Ston...
Revisiting the gaze in films by two women directors

This article is an intervention in a debate within film studies over the concept of the “gaze”. Under the influence of 1960s and 1970s “apparatus” theory and particularly feminist thinkers of film ...
Fluid Administration to Dehydrated Calves

Fluid therapy can be a pivotal component of the treatment plan for calves with diarrhea, respiratory disease or any other health problem that results in reduced fluid intake or accelerated loss from the body. Daily fluid requirements in health and disease are described. Routes of fluid administration, components of fluid loss and the types of fluid available to resuscitate and rehydrate calves are discussed and applied.
ATF4 loss of heterozygosity is associated with poor overall survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a crucial mediator of the integrated stress response and a negative regulator of RET tyrosine kinase receptor in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, the impact of genomic abnormalities in the ATF4 locus on MTC pathogenesis and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy remains unknown. Here, we evaluated ATF4 copy number variation and protein levels, with overall survival and response to TKIs in a clinical cohort of fifty-nine sporadic primary MTC. We assessed the somatic RETM918T mutation by sequencing, ATF4 copy number by a real-time polymerase chain reaction, and ATF4 protein levels using immunohistochemistry. This MTC cohort comprised 45 (76%) stage IV patients with a median follow-up of 100 months (interquartile range: 58-134 months). Somatic RETM918T was present in 23/57 (40%) tumors. Mono-allelic (36%; 21/59) and bi-allelic (5%; 3/59) loss of ATF4 was identified and was associated with low ATF4 protein expression (0-20%). Kaplan-Meier curves highlight low ATF4 protein or ATF4 loss alone had a significant negative impact on median survival compared to high protein expression (P<0.001) or diploid ATF4 (P=0.011), respectively. The combination of somatic RETM918T and low ATF4 protein levels further decreased overall survival. Both allelic loss and protein reduction were associated with worse overall survival (HR=3.79, 4.06 +RETM918T , and HR=10.64, 11.66 +RETM918T , respectively). Additionally, all 4 of the 11 patients treated with TKIs with a progressive disease by RECIST had low tumor ATF4 protein, with the two partial responder's tumors having high ATF4 protein. These findings suggest that ATF4 may predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, serve as a prognostic marker for personalized care, and a therapeutic target in MTC.
The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market:

Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study...
Actively Involving Students With Learning Disabilities in Progress Monitoring Practices

Academic progress monitoring is essential when implementing individualized education programs for students with learning disabilities and more generally in a multi-tiered system of supports framewo...
Retrofit design for preventing theft on the university campus

No other crime affects more students, faculty, and staff on the university campus than theft. While it is common for campus officials and community members to implement anti-theft strategies, few of these efforts are ever examined empirically, let alone experimentally, making it difficult to rule out alternative explanations for any changes observed. The present study employed a completely randomized experimental design to test the effect of retrofit anti-theft solutions proposed by the situational crime prevention, design against crime, and broken windows literatures. Fifty-two classrooms were randomly assigned to receive either five dry erase markers made to appear old and used or five unaltered dry erase markers. Results show that old and used appearing targets were approximately 36% more likely to remain in the classrooms at the end of the exposure period compared to those not receiving the treatment.
The Sustainability Imperative

Most executives know that how they respond to the challenge of sustainability will profoundly affect the competitiveness—and perhaps even the survival—of their organizations. Yet most are flailing around, launching a hodgepodge of initiatives without any overarching vision or plan. That’s not because they don’t see sustainability as a strategic issue. Rather, it’s because they think they’re facing an unprecedented journey for which there is no road map.
Perception of Refugee Integration and Entitlements Among a Co-ethnic Population: Othering the Rohingyas in Bangladesh

This study presents an empirical analysis on the attitudes of the co-ethnic hosting populations in Bangladesh toward the 1.1 million Rohingya refugees inside Bangladeshi camps. This paper presents the dynamics of the co-ethnic relations in crisis time, showcasing, in particular, the limits of co-ethnic solidarity within a refugee-host context. An original online survey experiment (N = 451), conducted on urban university students and social media users, reveals the impact of exposure to curated negative framing of the Rohingyas by pro-government media. We found that such negative exposure reduces the probability of believing that Rohingyas integrate effectively into Bangladeshi society by nearly 58% and also reduce support for the Rohingyas’ access to the public services generally available to Bangladeshi citizens (e.g., public schools and hospitals) by 47%. Regression results from another survey (N = 1697) on the hosting population in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh further helps explain that less interaction with the Rohingyas is the channel through which politicizing or othering the Rohingya’s entitlement to public services—as demonstrated by the survey experiment—takes place. The results show that the odds of having the view that the Rohingyas should not be allowed access to public services (e.g., public schools and hospitals) among those who never interact are bigger than among those who interact with the Rohingya. This study reaffirms the immigration literature on the value of interaction and the direct impact of dehumanizing campaigns against refugees, even in the case of co-ethnic hosting populations.
Utilization of Techniques for Upper Extremity Amputation Neuroma Treatment and Prevention

Abstract This study aimed to understand the current utilization of surgical approaches for nerve ending management in upper extremity amputation to prevent and treat nerve-related pain. We administered a survey to 190 of 1270 surgeons contacted by email (15% response rate) and analyzed their demographics, practice patterns, and perceptions regarding techniques for nerve ending management in upper extremity amputees. Although many surgical techniques were employed, most surgeons (54%) performed traction neurectomy during amputation and, alternatively, bury nerve into muscle if a neuroma subsequently develops (52%). Surgeons in practice less than 10 years were more likely to perform targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNI) than surgeons in practice greater than 10 years (p
Partisan Discord in the Family and Political Engagement: A Comparative Behavioral Analysis

What happens to a person’s level of political engagement when he is surrounded by partisan disagreement? Previous work offers a mixed picture; in certain circumstances political discord promotes engagement while in others it has the opposite effect. This analysis tests existing theories by looking at the implications of disagreement within the family. We leverage panel data to trace effects over time, and we examine this dynamic across political units. Household data from Britain, Germany, and Switzerland reveal that those whose parents are divided politically tend to become more, not less, engaged in politics. Comparatively, these effects appear stronger in some countries than in others, but the three-country analysis only suggests reasons why. Therefore, we take advantage of Swiss subnational political variation to further investigate the conditioning role of institutions. This step confirms that proportional representation elections moderate the relationship between parental disagreement and interest i...
Hematopoietic expression of CXCR3 is required for melanoma engraftment of lung (TUM7P.936)

Chemokine receptors have an established role in immune cell trafficking, and a less well-defined role in metastasis. Recent literature has demonstrated a role for tumor-expressed CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in metastasis to lymph nodes, but no study has evaluated the role of host CXCR3 expression in melanoma metastasis. To assess this possibility, we injected B16 melanoma intravenously into CXCR3wt or CXCR3-/- mice and assayed for melanoma-specific gene expression (tyrosinase) 24 hours later. Gene expression was significantly (9.5-fold) higher in CXCR3wt mice. At 24h, this is likely due to differential engraftment of the melanoma in the lung, as opposed to different growth. To determine if the CXCR3-expressing host contribution is an immune component, we phenotyped cells in the lungs 24 hours after melanoma injection. Neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were significantly increased in CXCR3-/- mice versus CXCR3wt mice after melanoma injection, whereas macrophages/DCs, CD4+ T cells, and NK cells were not significantly different. Using bone marrow chimeras, we have shown that melanoma engraftment in the lungs requires a host CXCR3-expressing cell of the hematopoietic cell lineage. A role for host CXCR3-expressing cells to mediate melanoma engraftment in the lungs has not been previously shown, and these studies may predict future targets for the reduction or prevention of melanoma metastases in patients.
Wearable Biosensor Technologies

This paper aims to review the various technologies behind wearable biosensors and where there are areas for improvements to be made. The theoretical foundation of this paper was formed by conducting a comprehensive literature review on wearable biosensors. There are three main biosensor technologies that are presented in this paper. The three main wearable biosensor technologies that are most prominent include accelerometers and motion sensors, biochemical sensors, and photoplethysmographic sensors. The empirical research that was used is limited to 15 papers from relevant conferences and journals associated with the medical device industry. Wearable biosensor technologies clearly have several clinical applications that make them one of the most appealing tools in the medical device industry. This paper illustrates that wearable biosensor technologies definitely have the capability to make a significant impact on the medical device industry because of their compact and diverse nature.
Mobile and wireless technologies: emerging opportunities for digital government

This paper overviews the rapid rise of mobile technologies, particular wireless communications devices. It outlines four emerging application areas where wireless technologies hold great potential for digital government efforts. It concludes by highlight the lack of research on wireless technologies in the social science, and the need to rapidly expand efforts in this area.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction is a Converging Point of Multiple Pathological Pathways in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A better understanding of the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is needed to develop effective therapies for the treatment of this fatal neurodegenerative disease. Extensive studies have produced a general agreement that ALS is likely to be a multifactorial and multisystem disease. Many mechanisms have been postulated to be involved in the pathology of ALS, such as oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, defective axonal transport, glia cell pathology, and aberrant RNA metabolism. Mitochondria have shown to be an early target in ALS pathogenesis and contribute to the disease progression. Morphological and functional defects in mitochondria were found in both human patients and ALS mice overexpressing mutant SOD1. Mutant SOD1 was found to be preferentially associated with mitochondria and subsequently impair mitochondrial function. Recent studies suggest that axonal transport of mitochondria along microtubules is disrupted in ALS. Furthermore, new evidence suggests that mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as mitophagy clearance may also be affected by mutant SOD1. These results also illustrate the critical importance of maintaining proper mitochondrial function in axons and neuromuscular junctions, supporting the emerging "dying-back" axonopathy model of ALS. In this review, we will discuss findings supporting that mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to be a converging point of multiple pathways underlying the ALS pathogenesis and progression.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Enhances the Efficacy of a Breast Cancer Vaccine: Role of IDO

We report that administration of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in combination with a dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine significantly augments vaccine efficacy in reducing primary tumor burden, preventing metastasis, and increasing survival. This combination treatment was tested in MMTV-PyV MT mice that develop spontaneous mammary gland tumors with metastasis to the lungs and bone marrow. Improved vaccine potency was associated with an increase in tumor-specific CTLs. Enhanced CTL activity was attributed to a significant decrease in levels of tumor-associated IDO, a negative regulator of T cell activity. We present data suggesting that inhibiting COX-2 activity in vivo regulates IDO expression within the tumor microenvironment; this is further corroborated in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Thus, a novel mechanism of COX-2-induced immunosuppression via regulation of IDO has emerged that may have implications in designing future cancer vaccines.