cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin isotype switching during early B cell development (IRM8P.702)

During B cell lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM), V(D)J joining assembles immunoglobulin (Ig) VH and VL genes mediated by RAG recombinase. Mature splenic B cells undergo class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation initiated by activation induced deaminase (AID). However, the strict ontological separation of these processes may breakdown under some circumstances. Several immunodeficiencies including Omenn syndrome display increased serum IgE despite undetectable numbers of B cells. We hypothesized that CSR occurs in BM pro- or pre-B cells. Earlier, we showed that Rag1 and Mb1 deficient pro-B cells can be induced to undergo robust CSR, albeit to a restricted subset of IgH isotypes, including IgG2b and IgE. Immunization of Rag1-/- mice with LPS, promoted IgG2b switching in BM pro-B cells. We demonstrated that V(D)J joining can be induced to follow CSR. We found a unique stage specific chromatin conformation of Igh locus in pro-B cells that may repress IgG3 and IgG1 switching (Genes Dev. 27:2439). Here we show that CSR is inducible in WT pro-B cells. Using an elegant mouse model to irreversibly mark AID expressing cells, a knockin carrying AIDcre/+RosaYFP (Nat Imm. 10:1292), we assess the frequency of AID expression in BM pro-B cells activated in vitro and in vivo with LPS. These findings have implications for the hyper-IgE phenotype in Omenn syndrome, autoimmune repertoire development and leukemagenesis via the co-expression of the RAG and AID recombinases.
God is Dead, Long Live God: Examining Rebellion and Redemption in the Violent Bear it Away

Flannery O’Connor’s novel "The Violent Bear It Away" chronicles Francis Marion Tarwater’s futile attempts to rid himself of God. Though he has been raised to expect an extraordinary calling from God, Tarwater seeks to escape his destiny by becoming master of his own will. Tarwater’s struggle is very similar to that of Friedrich Nietzsche’s emerging overman. According to Nietzsche, the overman will be a a creator of morals, and will not be dependent on any authority higher than his own will. Nietzsche would view Tarwater’s struggle as a heroic attempt to overcome the slave morality of the modern age. For O’Connor, Tarwater’s struggle is a futile attempt to deny the truth and inevitability of God’s power. Tarwater’s story demonstrates what happens to the overman in a world marked by divine justice. Despite their theological differences, O’Connor and Nietzsche share many aesthetic and philosophical impulses. Both demonstrate a keen appreciation for the irony and absurdity of the modern world they despise. Both also agree that the modern age does not do justice to humanity. In their writings, modern religion is shown to be a pale shadow of its former self, and modern science’s ability to guide humanity towards a brighter future is seriously questioned. Using texts including "Thus Spoke Zarathustra", "The Gay Science", and "The Geneology of Morals" I will examine the similarities in Nietzsche and O’Connor’s diagnosis of the ailing modern world, and their differing proposals for rectifying modern man’s sickness.
Censorship, the Internet, and the child pornographylaw of 1996: A critique

After describing the Child Pornography Prevention Act (CPPA) of 1996, I argue that the Act ought to be significantly amended. The central objections to CPPA are (1) that it is so broad in its main proscriptions as to violate the First Amendment rights of adults; (2) that it altogether fails to provide minors and their legal guardians with the privacy rights needed to combat the harms associated with certain classes of prurient material on the Internet; and, (3) that the actual rate of technological advance in home computing, and Congress‘ failure to appreciate how prurient material may be accessed, combined with CPPA to wrongfully expose an increasing number of individuals to possible prosecution and personal ruination. Several other objections are registered along the way, including one aimed at the draconian punishments the law metes out to violators. I close by offering the outlines of an amended version of the law that promises not to violate the rights of adults, that affords children and adults equal and effective protection against the very harmful practices the current law cannot eradicate, and that prescribes punishments that are consistent with the tolerance necessary to support a more democratic vision of the Internet.
gamma Z kinetic mixing as signal of a higher scale.

In models with an additional large scale the low-energy effective Lagrangian may contain terms beyond the standard model which generate kinetic mixing between the ..gamma.. and Z. This modifies the coupling of the Z and changes the relation between the masses of the W,Z and the parameters ..cap alpha../sub EM/, G/sub F/, and sintheta/sub W//sup 2/. Such an effect, which probes the existence of a higher scale (compositeness, extended hypercolor, etc.) may be seen in future precision measurements of the W,Z masses and Z couplings.
Friendship and Freedom of Soul in Lawrence’s Kangaroo

This essay analyzes the relationship between Richard Lovat Summers and Ben Cooley in D.H. Lawrence's 1922 novel "Kangaroo." It argues that the psychological dynamic of the relationship between the two men as presented by Lawrence reveals one of the deepest of human paradoxes - the simultaneous kinship and opposition at work in the bipolarity of philosophy and tyranny, individual independence and unconditional love, the quest for glory and for ultimate truth, and the demands of self-love and of love of mankind. The claim here is that Lawrence's "Kangaroo" is a classic literary statement of the role and meaning of "eros" in human life as played out in its most characteristic human expressions - art and philosophy on the one hand and politics and tyranny on the other.
Entropy measures for texture analysis based on Hadamard transform

The implementation of a software texture analysis technique for images based on the entropy of transform components is described. Different images were compared by computing their entropies, resulting in a relative texture measure. Since entropy can be based on the statistics of both gray-level components and frequency components, four entropy computation routines were implemented. The software calculates the entropy of the gray-levels histogram, the frequency components using the fast-Fourier transform (FFT), transform components using the discrete-cosine transform (DCT), and the transform coefficients of the fast-Hadamard transform (FHT). Because of its decrease in computation time and storage requirements, fast Hadamard was chosen as a better transformation. Entropy calculations were tested on different regional sizes in a time-varying imaging system in order to study regional variations of texture. >
Summing up Dirichlet Instantons.

We investigate quantum corrections to the moduli space for hypermultiplets for the type IIA string near a conifold singularity. We find a unique quantum deformation based on symmetry arguments which is consistent with a recent conjecture. The correction can be interpreted as an infinite sum coming from multiple wrappings of the Euclidean Dirichlet branes around the vanishing cycle.
Comparative Analgesic Efficacy of Oxycodone/Acetaminophen vs Codeine/Acetaminophen for Short-Term Pain Management Following ED Discharge.

Objective To test the hypothesis that oxycodone/acetaminophen provides analgesia superior to codeine/acetaminophen following emergency department (ED) discharge. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, trial. Setting Adult inner city ED. Subjects ED patients with acute extremity pain who were discharged home. Methods Patients randomized to oxycodone/acetaminophen (5 mg/325 mg) or codeine/acetaminophen (30 mg/300 mg). The primary outcome, obtained via telephone one day after ED discharge, was the between-group difference in improvement in numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores over a 2-hour period following the most recent ingestion of study drug. Secondary outcomes included proportion of patients with >50% pain reduction, side-effect profile, and patient satisfaction. Results Two hundred and forty patients were enrolled. Mean baseline NRS scores were 7.9 in both groups. Mean decrease over 2 hours was 4.5 NRS units in the oxycodone/acetaminophen group vs 4.2 NRS units in the codeine/acetaminophen group, for a clinically and statistically nonsignificant difference of 0.2 NRS units (95% CI -0.4-0.9 NRS units). Similarly, 66% vs 61% achieved >50% pain relief for a nonsignificant difference of 5% (95% CI -8% to 17%). Side-effect profile and patient satisfaction were similar. Conclusion Our hypothesis that oxycodone/acetaminophen provides analgesia superior to codeine/acetaminophen was rejected. Although pain within each group was reduced by more than half, the between-group difference was not significant. Pending independent validation, these unexpected findings suggest that codeine/acetaminophen, a Schedule III agent, may be a clinically reasonable outpatient opioid alternative to oxycodone/acetaminophen, a more tightly restricted Schedule II agent thought to be more prone to misuse.
Razing Lafitte: Defending Public Housing from a Hostile State

Problem, research strategy, and findings: The contentious politics of the demolition of Lafitte public housing in post-Katrina New Orleans and its replacement with mixed-income properties is a telling case of the strategic conflicts housing advocates face in public housing revitalization. It reveals how the qualified outcomes of HOPE VI interact with local institutional and historical circumstances to confound the equity and social justice goals of housing and community development advocates. It shows the limits to public housing revitalization as an urban recovery strategy when hostile government leadership characterizes a region, and the state is recast as an adversary rather than revitalization partner. This case is part of a longer ethnographic project on post-Katrina New Orleans recovery. Takeaway for practice: Housing and community development advocacy for urban revitalization strategies is limited without a supportive state partner to endorse and smooth programmatic efforts. Public housing revitali...
State of Insecurity: The Trial of Job and Secular Political Order

Thomas Hobbes observed that the human mind seeks causality in order to propagate good fortune or avoid disaster. However, events occur that cannot be linked to direct causes, leading human beings to invent beliefs and other mechanisms to produce a system of order and probability that can be applied to the seemingly random universe. Examining the relationship between Hobbes and the Book of Job reveals the failure of religion to provide for perfectly comprehensible causality since Job is forced to accept that God works in ways that he cannot understand in delivering rewards and punishments. Hobbes offers secular political order as an alter native that will conform to the structure of human reason. The attempt to order the universe is always incomplete, yet it is this lack of control that helps us to understand the inspiration to create and recreate political order, even when it fails to create a predictable, comprehensible environment. While the need for security is often seen as a malevolent or irrational element in political life, this article explains how the desire for order can also be understood as a dynamic interaction between the structure of human reason and the uncontrollable aspects of human life.
NextGen Stakeholder Valuation: Methodology for establishing and synchronizing business cases

“Making predictions is hard, especially about the future” observed Yogi Berra. Making predictions about the behavior of a highly complex system-of-systems with poorly understood emergent behavior, such as the National Airspace System (NAS), is all the more so.
Light-induced de Novo Synthesis of Ribulose 1,5-Diphosphate Carboxylase in Greening Leaves of Barley

An antibody specific for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase was used to isolate the enzyme from greening barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. The increase in enzymatic activity during greening was due to de novo synthesis of the enzyme. Increases in enzymatic activity were accompanied by corresponding increases in enzyme protein and by incorporation of radioactive leucine, all of which were inhibited by low concentrations of cycloheximide. (14)C-Labeled amino acids were incorporated into the enzyme by covalent peptide bonding.
Focused Echocardiography During Glucagon Administration to Diagnose Beta-Blocker-Induced Cardiomyopathy

From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and †Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon. Address reprint requests to: Andrew T. Young, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd – UHS-2, Portland, OR 97239. E-mail: youngan@ohsu.edu © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/2602-0033$36.00/0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2014.07.011
Identification in cleaving embryos of three RNA species serving as templates for the synthesis of nuclear proteins.

Three species of RNA which sediment at 9–10S and are synthesized in the nuclei of cleaving sea urchin embryo cells are tentatively identified as the messenger RNAs for the three chief classes of histones.
Splenic infarcts produced in rats by vasoconstrictor drugs

Summary Investigation of the role of vasconstriction in the production of infarcts would be facilitated by a model based on a non-essential and readily accessible organ. Therefore, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injections of vasoconstrictor drugs on spleen and liver in the rat. Phenylephrine produced infarcts of the spleen regularly and infarcts of the liver occasionally. Epinephrine was also effective in rats that had been pretreated with tilorone. The lesions were caused by local (topical) effects of the drugs. In support of this conclusion, reduced perfusion of the target areas was demonstrated in vasoconstrictor-treated rats given India ink intravenously. In addition, splenic infarcts were produced either by intraperitoneal injection or by direct application of epinephrine to the surgically exposed spleen. On the contrary, splenic infarcts were not produced by injections of epinephrine outside the peritoneal cavity, or by intraperitoneal injections if the spleen had been transposed outside of the cavity beforehand. Thus, we have produced an experimental model of splenic infarcts caused by topical application of vasoconstrictor drugs which is reminiscent of the speckled spleen (Fleckmilz) of human pathology.
catena-Poly[[(tetra­hydro­furan-κO)potas­sium]-di-μ-dimethyl­amido-κ4N:N-aluminium-di-μ-dimethyl­amido-κ4N:N-potassium-di-μ-dimethyl­amido-κ4N:N-aluminium-di-μ-dimethyl­amido-κ4N:N]

The title compound, [Al2K2(C2H6N)8(C4H8O)]n, formed during the sonochemical reaction between Al(NMe2)3 and sodium–potassium alloy in the presence of tetra­hydro­furan (THF). Its asymmetric unit has two inequivalent K+ sites. One site is coordinated by a THF ligand, and crystallizes as a one-dimensional polymer with a backbone of catenated AlN2K rings. A twofold rotation axis bis­ects one K+ site and the THF ligand; the second K+ site is situated on an inversion centre, resulting in a planar four-coordination by N atoms. The latter symmetry operation generates the second half of the THF mol­ecule and fills out the coordination sphere of the potassium sites. The chains extend along the c-axis direction and zigzag at the THF-coordinated K+ sites by an angle of 106.02 (5)°.
Precision, accuracy and linearity of radiometer EML 105 whole blood metabolite biosensors

The analytical performance of a new, whole blood glucose and lactate electrode system (EML 105 analyser. Radiometer Medical A/S. Copenhagen, Denmark) was evaluated. Between-day coefficients of variation were < or = 1.9% and < or = 3.1% for glucose and lactate, respectively. Recoveries of glucose were 100 +/- 10% using either aqueous or protein-based standards. Recoveries of lactate depended on the matrix, being underestimated in aqueous standards (approximately -10%) and 95-100% in standards containing 40 g/L albumin at lactate concentrations of 15 and 30 mmol/L. However, recoveries were high (up to 180%) at low lactate concentrations in protein-based standards. Carry-over, investigated according to National Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Standards EP10-T2, was negligible (alpha = 0.01). Glucose and lactate biosensors equipped with new membranes were linear up to 60 and 30 mmol/L, respectively. However, linearity fell upon daily use with increasing membrane lifetime. We conclude that the Radiometer metabolite biosensor results are reproducible and do not suffer from specimen-related carry-over. However, lactate recovery depends on the protein content and the lactate concentration.
Large igneous provinces studied

Episodic magmatism has resulted in the emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs), including continental flood basalts and associated intrusives, volcanic/intrusive passive margins, oceanic plateaus, submarine ridges, ocean basin flood basalts, and seamount chains (Figure 1). LIPs represent major global events, whose genesis and evolution are directly linked to mantle dynamics. Recent research has documented important temporal, spatial, and compositional relationships among LIPs. Large volumes of lava and associated intrusives are commonly produced in short episodes and may be related to changes in rate and direction of plate motion. Exceptions include some submarine ridges that record persistent extrusion as a plume trail. Geochemical studies of rocks from these environments suggest lower to upper mantle sources for the magma, with regional variations due to mantle heterogeneities and the nature of the crust through which the magma passes.
Utopianism and national identity

(2000). Utopianism and national identity. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy: Vol. 3, The Philosophy of Utopia, pp. 87-106.
Natural Radioactivity (Radon-222) and Air Pollution Measurements in Washington, D. C.

Abstract Atmospheric concentrations of radon (Rn222) were measured at urban, suburban and rural sites in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area during a stagnant weather regime in mid August 1965. An analysis of air quality data, radon concentrations and meteorology indicates that the stagnant weather conditions which lead to the accumulation of smoke, haze and gaseous pollutants in the air, are conducive to the accumulation of radon in the lower atmosphere. During maximum stagnation radon concentrations were 2–4 times higher than normal; the high levels of natural radioactivity reflect the limited volume of air available for dilution, caused by a restriction to vertical mixing that prevailed throughout the stagnant period. This case study suggests that high concentrations of natural radioactivity will be indicative of air pollution potential conditions existing in the atmosphere. Also, air quality data indicated that heavy rains and vigorous mixing associated with a squall line were ineffective in clean...
Protease inhibitors in the homeless.

Homeless people are often thought not to adhere to therapy. Should we try to make protease inhibitors available to them? The new therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are expensive, and their use may lead to the development of drug resistance. Do these drawbacks outweigh the ethical imperative to make effective drugs available to an underserved population? In late 1995, the first protease inhibitor was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for persons infected with HIV. In combination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors give unprecedented improvements in CD4+cell count, viral load, morbidity, and mortality.1One press report used the term "Lazarus effect"2to describe the return to functional status of some patients with end-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Driven by both science and enthusiasm, the standard of care for HIV-infected patients has quickly become combination antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor.1,3The price
LIPID CLASS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF INTACT PERIPHERAL NERVE AND DURING WALLERIAN DEGENERATION.

Lipid extracts from normal cat, chicken, and beef sciatic nerve were fractionated into their components by combinations of silicic acid, Florisil, DEAE-cellulose, or silicic acid-silicate column chromatography.
Inpatient diagnostic assessments: 1. Accuracy of structured vs. unstructured interviews

This study compared structured vs. unstructured interviews for making psychiatric diagnoses. Three clinicians independently diagnosed 56 inpatient-subjects, each using a different method: (1) the unstructured Traditional Diagnostic Assessment (TDA), the standard method of clinical practice; (2) the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Clinical Version (SCID-CV), a widely used structured method; and (3) the Computer Assisted Diagnostic Interview (CADI), a structured computer-based method. Once finished, the three clinicians developed a Consensus diagnosis, using Spitzer's LEAD Standard (L=Longitudinal evaluation of symptomatology, E=Evaluation by expert consensus, AD=All Data from multiple sources). Diagnoses were assigned to one of 10 groups (cognitive impairment, general medical condition-induced, alcohol-induced, drug-induced, mania, depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, psychosis NOS, and anxiety). Diagnostic accuracy for each method, measured against Consensus, was as follows: TDA-agreement=53.8%, kappa=0.4325 ('fair'); SCID-CV-agreement=85.7%, kappa=0.8189 ('excellent'); CADI -agreement=85.7%, kappa=0.8147 ('excellent'). All three methods reached acceptable levels of diagnostic accuracy. Structured methods (SCID-CV, CADI) were significantly better than the unstructured TDA.
Traumatic brain injury in the elderly: morbidity and mortality trends and risk factors

An estimated 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually in the United States. We sought to examine factors contributing to mortality among TBI patients aged ≥65 y in the United States. TBI data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample were combined from 2000-2010. Patients were stratified by age, sex, mechanism of injury, payer status, comorbidity, injury severity, and other factors. Odds of death were explored using an adjusted multivariable logistic regression. A total of 950,132 TBI-related hospitalizations and 107,666 TBI-related deaths occurred among adults aged ≥65 y from 2000-2010. The most common mechanism of injury was falling, and falls were more common among the oldest age groups. Logistic regression analysis showed highest odds of death among male patients, those whose mechanism of injury was motor vehicle related, patients with three or more comorbidities, and patients who were designated as self-paying. Language: en
Effects of salicylate on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Abstract The drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a serotonergic neurotoxicant that causes hyperthermia and depletion of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the central nervous system. Formation of neurotoxic metabolites of MDMA, e.g., 2,4,5-trihydroxy-methamphetamine and 2,4,5-trihydroxyamphetamine, involves hydroxyl and/or superoxide free radicals. The present study was designed to determine whether the hydroxyl free-radical-trapping agent salicylate could provide protection against MDMA neurotoxicity in rats. In the acute studies, sodium salicylate (12.5–400 mg/kg, calculated as free acid) was injected interperitoneally (IP) 1 h before subscutaneous (SC) injections of MDMA (20 mg/kg as base). In the chronic studies, sodium salicylate (3.1–100 mg/kg) was injected IP 1 h before repeated SC injections of MDMA (10 mg/kg as base, twice daily, at 0830 and 1730 h for 4 consecutive days). Repeated MDMA administration depleted contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Coadministration of salicylate plus MDMA did not significantly alter MDMA-induced depletion of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in these tissues. Thus, salicylate, a hydroxyl free-radical-trapping agent, does not protect against MDMA-induced hyperthermia and depletion of 5-HT and 5-HIAA. These observations suggest that MDMA-induced neurotoxicity may occur mainly through the production of superoxide or other radicals rather than hydroxyl free radicals. Salicylate actually potentiated MDMA-induced hyperthermia and lethality, findings that might be of clinical relevance. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Simulating Sensitive Dynamic Control of a Bobsled

We present herewith our edited version of a paper sent to us by John Gardenier, SCS representative to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The paper was presented at the Second ...
A Geometric Principle May Guide Self-Assembly of Fullerene Cages from Clathrin Triskelia and from Carbon Atoms

Clathrin triskelia and carbon atoms alike self-assemble into a limited selection of fullerene cages (with n three connected vertices, 3n/2 edges, 12 pentagonal faces, and (n−20)/2 hexagonal faces). We show that a geometric constraint—exclusion of head-to-tail dihedral angle discrepancies (DADs)—explains this limited selection as well as successful assembly into such closed cages in the first place. An edge running from a pentagon to a hexagon has a DAD, since the dihedral angles about the edge broaden from its pentagon (tail) end to its hexagon (head) end. Of the 21 configurations of a central face and surrounding faces, six have such DAD vectors arranged head-to-tail. Of the 5770 mathematically possible fullerene cages for n ≤ 60, excluding those with any of the six configurations leaves just 15 cages plus buckminsterfullerene (n = 60), among them the known clathrin cages. Of the 216,739 mathematically possible cages for 60 < n ≤ 84, just the 50 that obey the isolated-pentagon rule, among them known carbon cages, pass. The absence of likely fullerenes for some n (30,34,46,48,52–58,62–68) explains the abundance of certain cages, including buckminsterfullerene. These principles also suggest a “probable roads” path to self-assembly in place of pentagon-road and fullerene-road hypotheses.
Gastroenterology and hepatology.

Pharmacotherapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease is needed when simple measures fail. Antacids, H 2 blockers, sucralfate, and (occasionally) metaclopramide may be effective. Treatment failures may respond to omeprazole (Prilosec), a recently released agent that blocks hydrogen ion secretion by the gastric parietal cells. It is the most potent acid-suppressing agent available and is unsurpassed in its ability to provide symptomatic control and promote esophageal mucosal healing (80% to 86% at 6 weeks, >90% at 12 weeks). Since this agent is approved for use for only 8 weeks of therapy, both physician and patient face a dilemma of what to do next in managing this chronic disease. Omeprazole also represents an advance in healing rates for both gastric and duodenal ulcers. Two weeks of therapy may be adequate. Compared with ranitidine, omeprazole had a 17% higher healing rate after 2 weeks of therapy (79% vs 62%). The healing rate after 4
Lipid composition of muscles of nearly homogeneous fiber type.

Abstract The lipid concentrations in guinea pig and rabbit muscles composed predominantly or exclusively of one type of fiber were analyzed. Muscles composed of slow-twitch-oxidative fibers contain more total lipid than do fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic or fast-twitch-glycolytic fibers. This difference reflects a two-fold concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the neutral lipid fraction. In the guinea pig, phospholipids are found in decreasing concentration in fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic, slow-twitch-oxidative and fast-twitch-glycolytic muscles. In all cases phosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid followed by phosphatidylethanolamine. The large amount of mitochondria and fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fibers explains their high phospholipid concentration. When these data are combined with known fiber composition of muscles previously analyzed, major discrepancies among previous reports on lipid concentrations in various muscles are explained.
Dynamics of the reactions of Mg(3s3p1p1) with H2, HD, and D2: Rotational quantum state distributions of MgH (MgD) products

Abstract The initial bimodal distributions of product MgH(ν = 0) rotational states in the reaction of Mg( 1 P 1 ) with H 2 or HD are found to be identical. Similar results were found for MgD (ν = 0) produced from D 2 or HD. From these as well as other recent results, it is proposed that both the predominant “high- N ” as well as the minor “low- N ” components of the distributions result from insertion of Mg( 1 P 1 ) into the H-H bond, and that there are two different primary modes of decomposition of the isotopic H-Mg-H intermediates.
Revealed Preference with a Subset of Goods

Abstract Suppose that you observe n choices of k goods and prices when the consumer is actually choosing from a set of k + 1 goods. Then revealed preference theory puts essentially no restrictions on the behavior of the data. This is true even if you also observe the quantity demanded of good k + 1, or its price. The proofs of these statements are not difficult.
Developmental regulation of globin and nonglobin messenger RNAs in avian erythroid cells.

Abstract During embryonic development in the chicken two morphologically distinct erythroid cell populations sequentially appear. Coincidentally with the change in cell populations that begins on the sixth day of embryonic life, the hemoglobins of the early embryo are gradually replaced by a new set of hemoglobins, which are almost identical to those of the adult chicken. We have used recombinant DNAs to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental changes. With respect to the eight nonglobin species of messenger RNA that we have studied, seven are present at approximately equal concentrations in erythroid cells from 5-day embryos and from anemic adults. This suggests that the replacement of erythroid cell populations is not accompanied by a general reorganization of gene expression. With respect to globin gene expression, however, we find that all but one of the globin genes studied ( α D -globin) undergo dramatic developmental regulation. We have also shown that the expression of the gene for the embryo specific α-like globin, π′-globin, is principally regulated at the level of transcription.
A study of SO2, SO42− and trace elements in clear air and clouds above the Midwestern United States

In April and May 1990, as a part of ACID MODES II, a series of aerosol, gas and cloud water samples were collected over OH, WV, KY and IN at an altitude of 1.2–3 km using two aircraft. We report here the concentrations of SO2, SO42− and 12 trace elements measured on 41 filter pack samples collected over 17 flights and pH, conductivity, SO42− and selected trace elements in 17 cloud water samples from four flights. We discuss the composition of the airborne aerosols and cloud water above this area which is a major source region of SO2. Mean mixed layer concentrations of SO42− (μg m−3), and trace elements Zn, As, Se and Sb (ng m−1) were; 7.5±3.1, 35±19, 1.4±0.9, 1.7±0.8 and 0.49±0.22, respectively. These elements are primarily associated with submicron-sized aerosols and were the only elements measured that were significantly enriched relative to average crustal abundances. While the samples collected in the mixed layer had concentrations comparable to those at nearby surface sites, a 10-fold decrease in concentrations of all species was observed in samples collected immediately above the mixed layer. On average, 68% of the S was present as SO2 (average concentration in mixed layer air was 3.5 ppbv). A strong relationship was observed between total S and aerosol Se and to a lesser degree between As and Sb. The SO42−/Se tracer technique was used for the first time from an aircraft platform to determine in-cloud SOZ oxidation. Although the aircraft collected limited cloud water (generally col 20 ml) and small air volumes (< 10 m3), it is demonstrated that SO42− and Se can be determined with adequate uncertainty to apply the technique. In-cloud oxidation was found in three of the four clouds and accounted for up to 50% of the total SO42−. Examples of SO2 limited, and oxidant limited conditions were also observed.
Presence of multiple protein kinase activities in rat liver nuclei

Abstract Protein kinase activity was found in the acidic nuclear protein fraction extracted from rat liver nuclei. Four distinct kinase activities were separated by phosphocellulose and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. Additional evidence for separate enzyme activities is based on differences in pH optimum, enzyme stability, and substrate specificity.
A compliant underactuated hand with suction flow for underwater mobile manipulation

This work has been supported by the KAUST Red SeaRobotics Research Exploratorium. H. Stuart and B. Gardineerare additionally supported by NSF graduate fellowships.The assistance of Eduardo Moreno, Oussama Khatib, TorstenKroeger, and Philip Mullins is gratefully acknowledged.
Photolytic chemiluminescence detector for gas chromatographic analysis of N-nitroso compounds

Mise en oeuvre d'un detecteur a haute sensibilite pour la mise en evidence et le dosage des radicaux NO
Persons, situations, interactions and error: consistency, variability and confusion

Abstract Here we justify an approach to the analysis of person-situation research which acknowledges the theoretical significance of monitoring behavioural variability when seeking to determine patterns of consistency. This approach contrasts with that advocated by Furnham and Jaspars (1983, 1985).
What's a nice historian like you doing in a place like this?

In which the author argues that personal experience of creating a course in history on film and working on the dramatic feature, Reds, were crucial encounters which helped to move him from being a traditional historian to one who has come to argue that the history film may be seen as a new kind of discourse on the past. The support of various journals and other academics helped to provide a context for and to reinforce his strange two-decade path towards this new view of the boundaries of history.
Spectra of light emitted during slow ion-atom collisions

We study the spectra of light emitted during slow ion-atom collisions due to repeated electron transfer during the interactions, using the power radiated per unit solid angle by the diatomic time-dependent dipole. We present results relevant to experiments where the emitted light would be collected from all collisions, irrespective of their deflection angle or impact parameter. We calculate the spectra of polarized light emitted in p+H(1s) collisions, at a projectile energy of 100 eV, integrated over impact parameters, versus the light detector angle. Emitted light frequencies are distributed over the uv and near uv ranges. We also estimate the rate of photon emission for typical experimental ion and atom densities. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
ESP v2.0: enhanced method for exploring emission impacts of future scenarios in the United States – addressing spatial allocation

Abstract. The Emission Scenario Projection (ESP) method produces future-year air pollutant emissions for mesoscale air quality modeling applications. We present ESP v2.0, which expands upon ESP v1.0 by spatially allocating future-year non-power sector emissions to account for projected population and land use changes. In ESP v2.0, US Census division-level emission growth factors are developed using an energy system model. Regional factors for population-related emissions are spatially disaggregated to the county level using population growth and migration projections. The county-level growth factors are then applied to grow a base-year emission inventory to the future. Spatial surrogates are updated to account for future population and land use changes, and these surrogates are used to map projected county-level emissions to a modeling grid for use within an air quality model. We evaluate ESP v2.0 by comparing US 12 km emissions for 2005 with projections for 2050. We also evaluate the individual and combined effects of county-level disaggregation and of updating spatial surrogates. Results suggest that the common practice of modeling future emissions without considering spatial redistribution over-predicts emissions in the urban core and under-predicts emissions in suburban and exurban areas. In addition to improving multi-decadal emission projections, a strength of ESP v2.0 is that it can be applied to assess the emissions and air quality implications of alternative energy, population and land use scenarios.
Model of human/liquid cooling garment interaction for space suit automatic thermal control

The Wissler human thermoregulation model was augmented to incorporate simulation of a space suit thermal control system that includes interaction with a liquid cooled garment (LCG) and ventilation gas flow through the suit. The model was utilized in the design process of an automatic controller intended to maintain thermal neutrality of an exercising subject wearing a liquid cooling garment. An experimental apparatus was designed and built to test the efficacy of specific physiological state measurements to provide feedback data for input to the automatic control algorithm. Control of the coolant inlet temperature to the LCG was based on evaluation of transient physiological parameters that describe the thermal state of the subject, including metabolic rate, skin temperatures, and core temperature. Experimental evaluation of the control algorithm function was accomplished in an environmental chamber under conditions that simulated the thermal environment of a space suit and transient metabolic work loads typical of astronaut extravehicular activity (EVA). The model was also applied to analyze experiments to evaluate performance of the automatic control system in maintaining thermal comfort during extensive transient metabolic profiles for a range of environmental temperatures. Finally, the model was used to predict the efficacy of the LCG thermal controller for providing thermal comfort for a variety of regiments that may be encountered in future space missions. Simulations with the Wissler model accurately predicted the thermal interaction between the subject and LCG for a wide range of metabolic profiles and environmental conditions and matched the function of the automatic temperature controller for inlet cooling water to the LCG.
Market Potential in Spatial Economics

After discussing briefly why interaction decreases with distance and how, this paper reconsiders the location of market-oriented industries when the demand function is separable into a price dependent and a distance dependent term. The concept of market potential is economically motivated.
Protein and enzyme variation in Drosophila.

Abstract 1. 1. The isoenzyme patterns of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the protein banding patterns of Drosophila affinis, D. hydei, D. melanogaster, D. simulans Amherst, D. simulans Georgetown, and D. virilis Texemelucan were demonstated using anodal polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. 2. Although some striking similarities were noted among these species, these studies demostrated distinct differences between all species, and the two varieties, of Drosophila studied. 3. 3. These results are discussed in relation to the intra- and interspecific variation among these species of Drosophila , and compared with previous studies on the isoenzymes of these species.
Analytical Accuracy in Unpolarized ATR Spectroscopy: Effects of the Spectrometer Polarization Ratio

A method for the determination of the wavelength-dependent polarization ratio [PR(λ)] for any spectrometer is described. Equations are also developed for an averaged effective thickness for use in analyses of unpolarized ATR spectra, and for parallel and perpendicular effective thicknesses for use with external polarizers of known efficiency. Polarization ratios for one Fourier transform IR spectrometer and one grating IR spectrometer are presented and compared. In unpolarized ATR spectrophotometry using the grating spectrometer, the assumption of PR = 1.0 for all wavelengths introduces a Beer's law pathlength uncertainty of approximately a factor of 1.8.
A laboratory study of the benefits of including uncertainty information in weather forecasts

Abstract Modern operational methods of numerical weather prediction, such as “ensemble forecasting,” allow assessments of state-dependent predictability to be made. This means that forecast-specific estimates of the forecast standard errors are possible. Quantitative estimates of forecast uncertainty are often not communicated to the public as it is unclear what the value of this information will be to people who must make weather-dependent decisions. Using laboratory-based methods developed by experimental economists to study individual choice it is found that nonspecialists are able to make better decisions that increase their expected reward while reducing their exposure to risk, when provided with information about the day-to-day uncertainty associated with temperature forecasts. The experimental framework used herein may provide a useful tool for evaluating the effectiveness with which weather forecasts can be communicated to end users.
A strong poet's perspective on richard rorty

Dewey was a strong poet in the ironic sense Rorty borrows from Harold Bloom.! My paper started as an attempt to prove this by showing how the poetic dialectic of Bloom's strongest poet William Blake resembles that of Dewey. Lacking space I'll content myself with a few elipitical comments connecting the two. Strong poets make connections others miss, and poetic dialectic destroys dualisms. Richard Rorty sees self-creation and human solidarity as "equally valid, yet forever incommensurable. ''2 Dewey's dialectic dissolves this dualism. In doing so it helps us out of the kind of educational difficulties noted by Rene Arcilla, Alven Neimen, and Lynda Stone in their contribution to this symposium. I will briefly explore three moments of Dewey's poetic dialectic. They are his metaphysics, his dialectic of the actual and possible especially as it relates to labor, tools and language, and his dialectic of self and society. Readers of Maxine Greene's The Dialectic of Freedom will recognize much of what I have., to say. 3 Like most critics Rorty faults Dewey's metaphysics while failing, as almost everyone does, to even mention what it is about. Dewey's dialectic is composed of contrary but complimentary unified dialectical pairs: As against this common identification of reality with what is sure, regular and finished, experience in unsophisticated forms gives evidence of a different world and points to a different metaphysics. We live in a world which is an impressive and irresistible mixture of sufficiencies, tight completenesses, order, recurrences which make possible prediction and control, and singularities, ambiguities, uncertain possibilities, processes going on to consequences as yet indeterminate. They are mixed not mechanically but vitally like the wheat and tares of the parable. We may recognize them separately but we cannot divide them .... Such facts have been celebrated by thinkers like Heraclitus and Lao-tze .... They have rarely been frankly recognized as fundamentally significant for the formation of a naturalistic metaphysics. 4 Dewey's is not a foundational metaphysics. Dewey believed that we are participants in an unfinished and unfinishable universe and not spectators of a finished universe. Dewey's metaphysics could not be about some cosmic arch~ eternal essences, ultimate identities, or immutable categories. In no way does Dewey offer an ontological metaphysics. For Dewey, essences, identities, and categories exist, but, like biological species, they endure although they are not eternal, fixed, and final. We live in a contingent universe wherein action is necessary if we are to continue as well as celebrate our existence, and tragedy is real. In order to live we must create more meanings. We must be poets in the
Semi-Batch Deoxygenation of Canola- and Lard-Derived Fatty Acids to Diesel-Range Hydrocarbons

Fatty acids (FAs) derived via thermal hydrolysis of food-grade lard and canola oil were deoxygenated in the liquid phase using a commercially available 5 wt % Pd/C catalyst. Online quadrupole mass spectrometry and gas chromatography were used to monitor the effluent gases from the semi-batch stirred autoclave reactors. Stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids were employed as model compounds. A catalyst lifetime exceeding 2200 turnovers for oleic acid deoxygenation was demonstrated at 300 °C and 15 atm under 10% H2. The initial decarboxylation rate of palmitic acid under 5% H2 decreases sharply with increasing initial concentration; in contrast, the initial decarbonylation rate increases linearly, indicative of first-order kinetics. Scale-up of diesel-range hydrocarbon production was investigated by increasing the reactor vessel size, initial FA concentration, and FA/catalyst mass ratio. Lower CO2 selectivity and batch productivity were observed at the larger scales (600 and 5000 mL), primarily because of the h...
Limiting factors and landscape connectivity: the American marten in the Rocky Mountains

In mobile animals, movement behavior can maximize fitness by optimizing access to critical resources and minimizing risk of predation. We sought to evaluate several hypotheses regarding the effects of landscape structure on American marten foraging path selection in a landscape experiencing forest perforation by patchcut logging. We hypothesized that in the uncut pre-treatment landscape marten would choose foraging paths to maximize access to cover types that support the highest density of prey. In contrast, in the post-treatment landscapes we hypothesized marten would choose paths primarily to avoid crossing openings, and that this would limit their ability to optimally select paths to maximize foraging success. Our limiting factor analysis shows that different resistant models may be supported under changing landscape conditions due to threshold effects, even when a species’ response to landscape variables is constant. Our results support previous work showing forest harvest strongly affects marten movement behavior. The most important result of our study, however, is that the influence of these features changes dramatically depending on the degree to which timber harvest limits available movement paths. Marten choose foraging paths in uncut landscapes to maximize time spent in cover types providing the highest density of prey species. In contrast, following landscape perforation by patchcuts, marten strongly select paths to avoid crossing unforested areas. This strong response to patch cutting reduces their ability to optimize foraging paths to vegetation type. Marten likely avoid non-forested areas in fragmented landscapes to reduce risk of predation and to benefit thermoregulation in winter, but in doing so they may suffer a secondary cost of decreased foraging efficiency.
The Home Schooling Mother-Teacher: Toward a Theory of Social Integration

(2000). The Home Schooling Mother-Teacher: Toward a Theory of Social Integration. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 75, No. 1-2, pp. 187-206.
A Century of Relativity

Except for quantum mechanics—a more than modest exception—relativity has been the most profound conceptual advance in 20th century physics. Both in developing special and general relativity, Albert Einstein’s hallmark was to anchor his theory on a few simple but profound principles. The results have provided endless fascination and puzzlement to the general public, and have had an enormous impact on our conceptual framework for understanding nature.