cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It's About Time: Privacy, Information Life Cycles, and the Right to be Forgotten

The current consensus is that information, once online, is there forever. Content permanence has led many European countries, the European Union, and even the United States to establish a right to be forgotten to protect citizens from the shackles of the past presented by the Internet. But, the Internet has not defeated time, and information, like everything, gets old, decays, and dies, even online. Quite the opposite of permanent, the Web cannot be self-preserving. One study from the field of content persistence, a body of research that has been almost wholly overlooked by legal scholars, found that 85% of content disappears in a year and that 59% disappears in a week, signifying a decrease in the lifespan of online content when compared with previous studies. Those that have debated this privacy issue have consistently done so in terms of permanence and also neglected an important consideration: the changing nature of information over time. Our efforts to address disputes arising from old personal information residing online should focus on the changing value, uses, and needs of information over time and the ethics of preservation. Understanding how information changes over time in relation to its subject, how and where personal information resides online longer than deemed appropriate, and what information is important for preservation allows regulation to be tailored to the problem, correctly framed. This understanding requires an interdisciplinary approach and the inclusion of research from telecommunications, information theory, information science, behavioral and social sciences, and computer sciences. Recognizing that information does not last forever, this article takes the initial step of outlining an information life cycle in terms of phases in relation to information needs, creating a taxonomy to help assess the competing values at stake when one seeks to have old personal information “forgotten.” Some of the proposed legislation make exceptions for historical, statistical, and public safety needs, but none of them include time, a vital element to the information life cycle. The article concludes by working through specific issues like revived interest, the integrity and objectivity of the Internet, and the importance of time in protecting the interests other information needs. Permanence is not yet upon us, and therefore, now is the time to develop policies and practices that will support good decisions, preserve our cultural history, and protect the future of the past, as well as protect the privacy rights of individuals that will live with the information and a society that may suffer from the threat of a permanent record.
Pharmacokinetics and physiologic effects of alprazolam after a single oral dose in healthy mares

Wong, D. M., Davis, J. L., Alcott, C. J., Hepworth-Warren, K. L., Galow-Kersh,N. L., Rice, S., Coetzee, J. F. Pharmacokinetics and physiologic effects ofalprazolam after a single oral dose in healthy mares. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.doi: 10.1111/jvp.12192.The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic propertiesand physiologic effects of a single oral dose of alprazolam in horses. Sevenadult female horses received an oral administration of alprazolam at a dosageof 0.04 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at various timepoints and assayed for alprazolam and its metabolite, a-hydroxyalprazolam,using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic dispositionof alprazolam was analyzed by a one-compartmental approach. Mean plasmapharmacokinetic parameters ( SD) following single-dose administration ofalprazolam were as follows: C
Real‐time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Aids Prenatal Diagnosis of Isolated Cleft Palate

Objective. Cleft of the secondary palate without cleft lip is difficult to visualize sonographically. This study was performed to assess the utility of sonography, standard magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and real-time MR imaging in the diagnosis of isolated cleft palate. Methods. We prospectively assessed 5 fetuses at risk for isolated cleft palate on the basis of family history, micrognathia, or both, using sonography and standard and real-time single-shot fast spin echo MR sequences. Written informed consent was obtained under our Institutional Review Board-approved Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant protocol. Images were assessed for confidence in a diagnosis of cleft or normal palate. Prenatal and postnatal diagnoses were compared. Results. In 3 fetuses, micrognathia was visualized by sonography and MR imaging with standard and real-time sequences. One fetus at 19 weeks had a wide cleft of the entire secondary palate, and another fetus at 33 weeks had a cleft of the soft palate; these defects were seen only with real-time MR imaging. One 35-week gestational age fetus had a cleft soft palate that was visualized on standard and real-time MR imaging. Two fetuses with no abnormalities had the normal midline secondary palate seen only on real-time MR imaging. In all fetuses, real-time images were helpful in assessing the secondary palate because the entire midline naso-oropharynx could be visualized. Conclusions. Real-time MR imaging allows for rapid assessment of the midline structures, providing accurate diagnosis of isolated cleft palate.
IMPLICIT PRICE ESTIMATION OF RICE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES FOR ASIAN AMERICANS

Product placement survey data for 192 Asian-American households in Houston were used to analyze the value of rice quality attributes via the Consumer Goods Characteristics Model (CGCM). Five rice varieties were used for this study: domestic Lemont, Jasmine 85, Toro II, and two different Thai import varieties. For each variety, marginal implicit prices were calculated at the means for seven characteristics: color, texture, aroma, stickiness, flavor, aftertaste, and moisture.
Aerosolised 5-azacytidine suppresses tumour growth and reprogrammes the epigenome in an orthotopic lung cancer model.

Aerosolised 5-azacytidine suppresses tumour growth and reprogrammes the epigenome in an orthotopic lung cancer model
Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change on Balance and Ambulation Tests, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale in People With Parkinsonism

Background and Purpose: Distinguishing between a clinically significant change and change due to measurement error can be difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change for the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), forward and backward functional reach, the Romberg Test and the Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT) with eyes open and closed, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), comfortable and fast gait speed, the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG), the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in people with parkinsonism. Subjects: Thirty-seven community-dwelling adults with parkinsonism (mean age=71 years) participated. The Hoehn and Yahr Scale median score of 2 was on the lower end of the scale; however, the scores ranged from 1 to 4. Methods: Subjects were tested twice by the same raters, with 1 week between tests. Test-retest reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Minimal detectable change was calculated using a 95% confidence interval (MDC95). Results: The ICCs for test-retest reliability were above .90 for the BBS, ABC Scale, SRT with eyes closed, 6MWT, and comfortable and fast gait speeds. The MDC95 values for those functional tests were: BBS=5/56, ABC Scale=13%, SRT with eyes closed=19 seconds, 6MWT=82 m, comfortable gait speed=0.18 m/s, and fast gait speed=0.25 m/s. The ICCs for test-retest reliability of SF-36 scores were above .80, with the exception of the social functioning subscale. The MDC95 values for the SF-36 ranged between 19% and 45%. The MDC95 values for the UPDRS Activities of Daily Living section, Motor Examination section, and total scores were 4/52, 11/108, and 13/176, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Minimal detectable change values are useful to therapists in rehabilitation and wellness programs in determining whether change during or after intervention is clinically significant. High test-retest reliability of scores for the BBS, ABC Scale, SRT with eyes closed, 6MWT, and gait speed make them trustworthy functional assessments in people with parkinsonism. The SF-36 and UPDRS provide quality-of-life and disease severity rating values in the ongoing assessment of people with parkinsonism.
Rook: Using Video Games as a Low-Bandwidth Censorship Resistant Communication Platform

Censorship and surveillance is increasing in scale, sophistication, and prevalence across the globe. While most censorship circumvention systems still focus on escaping a given censored region to access Internet content outside of its control, we address a different but equally pressing problem: secure and secret chat within a censored region.We present Rook as a censorship and surveillance resistant platform for communication using online games as its cover application. The use of online games represents a novel form of cover application that provides several features that make them uniquely well-suited for this purpose. Rook transmits data secretly by embedding it in the network traffic of an online game. To mitigate current attacks based on deep-packet inspection and traffic shape analysis Rook uses the normal traffic used by the game, it does not generate additional packets, does not change the length of existing packets, and ensures altered packets are still valid game packets.For evaluation, we implement Rook using the online first-person shooter Team Fortress 2. Rook is evaluated against both active and passive attacks demonstrated in recent years including anti-mimicry probes, deep-packet inspection, traffic shape analysis, statistical analyses of packet payloads, and game-specific n-gram analyses.
Benefit of cardiac resynchronization in elderly patients: results from the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) and Multicenter InSync ICD Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE-ICD) trials.

Heart failure (HF) affects five million patients each year with both prevalence and incidence increasing with age. At least 20% of hospital admissions in patients > age 65 are due to HF. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve HF symptoms and decrease mortality. However, little data are available which specifically address the effects of CRT in the elderly (>65). We performed an analysis of the NYHA III/IV 839 patients randomized in the MIRACLE (n = 470) and MIRACLE-ICD (n = 369) trials. Both included patients with moderate to severe HF, ejection fraction (EF) ≤35%, and QRS duration ≥130 msec. Patients were grouped by age 75 years. For each group, patients with CRT activated (ON) were compared with patients with CRT inactivated (OFF) for end points at 6 months, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and EF. Of the 839 patients, 368 were 75 years old. Compared with controls, patients from all three age groups, whose CRT was activated, had statistically significant improvements in NYHA class (−0.84 for age 75). All age groups with CRT ON also had statistically significant improvements in left ventricular EF (5.23%, 2.98%, and 4.03% respectively). There were no between group differences by age in LVEF improvement. In elderly patients enrolled in the MIRACLE and MIRACLE-ICD trials, CRT resulted in significant improvements in NYHA class and LVEF, regardless of age. These data suggest that the full age range of patients with appropriate indications for implantation can benefit from CRT.
IMPACT DAMAGE EVALUATION OF STIFFENED GRAPHITE EPOXY CYLINDERS

Thin walled graphite/epoxy filament wound cylinders have been shown to exhibit significant reductions in burst strength at impact energies as low as one foot pound. Characterization of the damage and its relation to the reduction in burst strength is critical to the design of damage resistant structures. Filament wound structures can be stiffened by a number of methods. A cylinder can be filled with a pressurized fluid or gas, or filled with a solid rocket propellant. They can also be stiffened by internal structures such as missile bore riders. This study is an effort to understand the differences in response between stiffened cylinders and cylinders without stiffeners. Analyses were performed on cylinders loaded with inert propellant and cylinders stiffened internally with aluminum rings. These analyses results were compared to previously published experiments of stiffened cylinders. These experiments and analyses were compared to previously published experiments/analyses of cylinders without stiffeners. In addition, thermographic images of impact damaged propellant filled cylinders were compared to images of impact damaged unfilled cylinders. The previously published experimental results of stiffened cylinders show that measured maximum crack length is less than half that of cylinders without stiffeners yet the reduction in residual burst strength is very similar. This implies that crack depth may be more critical in reducing the burst strength of cylinders loaded in hoop tension than crack length. The results of the finite element analysis and thermographic inspection agrees with this conclusion. Therefore, visible crack length or
A Carbonyl-Rich Bridging Hydride Complex Relevant to the Fe−Fe Hydrogenase Active Site

Protonation of Fe(2)(μ-S(2)C(3)H(6))(CO)(6) with an acid derived from [SiEt(3)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] and HCl affords a hydride-bridged dimer.
Scientism: The New Orthodoxy

Two decades after Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont's famous hoax, it is difficult not to declare the partisans of science the victors in the so-called ‘science wars’. Science enjoys such a degree cultu...
Pregnancy with a recurrent granulosa-cell tumor; report of case and review of literature on granulosa-cell tumors complicating pregnancy.

Abstract This report presents the sixteenth case of granulosa-cell tumor associated with pregnancy described in medical literature. The patient, a 37-year-old woman, was studied and treated at the Mayo Clinic. The tumor in this case is of interest because, in addition to being associated with pregnancy, it also was recurrent and malignant; this is the first such case to be reported. Roentgen therapy appears to be of some value in the treatment of these tumors.
Analysis of pathogen contamination monitoring in the raw vegetables of one city from 2006 to 2011

Objective To know about the conditions of food-borne pathogen contamination in the raw vegetables of Guilin City in recent years,and to provide a scientific basis for strengthening the health management of raw vegetables.Methods The monitoring results of pathogen contamination in the raw vegetables of the eating and drinking establishments in Guilin City from 2006 to 2011 were analyzed,and its characteristics were analyzed statistically.Results There were total 364 samples from 2006 to 2011,5 samples were seized out of pathogen,the total detection rate was 1.37%.Of which,there were 57 samples in 2006,2 samples were seized out of pathogen,the detection rate was 3.51%;there were 60 samples in 2007,2 samples were seized out of pathogen,the detection rate was 3.33%;there were 51 samples in 2008,1 sample was seized out of pathogen,the detection rate was 1.96%.The differences of the detection rates in 2006,2007 and 2008 three years were not statistically significant(χ2=0.264 6,v = 2,P = 0.876 1).The detection rate from 2009 to 2011 was 0.The differences of the detection rates between 2006 to 2008 and 2009 to 2011 were statistically significant(χ2=3.921 7,P = 0.047 7).Coriander,scallions and lettuce were the major polluted varieties.5 strains of pathogenic bacteria were all salmonella.Conclusion The health conditions of raw vegetables of Guilin City in recent 3 years are very well,and the health management of raw food vegetables should be mainly based on the monitoring of coriander,scallions and lettuce.
Methadone prolongs cardiac conduction in young patients with cancer-related pain.

Objective: Methadone prolongs cardiac conduction, from mild corrected QT (QTc) prolongation to torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation, in adults. However, methadone use for pain and its effects on cardiac conduction have not been investigated in pediatric populations. Methods: A retrospective review of QTc intervals in patients receiving methadone analgesia was conducted. Medical records from a 4-year period (September 2006 to October 2010) at a pediatric oncology institution were reviewed, and correlations were tested between cardiac conduction and methadone dosage and duration of therapy, electrolyte levels, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and concurrent medications. Results: Of the 61 patients who received methadone, 37 met our inclusion criteria and underwent 137 electrocardiograms (ECGs). During methadone treatment, the mean QTc was longer than that at baseline (446.5 vs 437.55 ms). The mean methadone dose was 27.0 ± 24.3 mg/d (range, 5-125 mg/d; median, 20 mg/d) or 0.47 ± 0.45 mg/kg per day (range, 0.05-2.25 mg/kg per day; median, 0.37 mg/kg per day), and the mean duration of therapy was 49 days. The authors identified a correlation between automated and manual ECG readings by two cardiologists (Pearson r = 0.649; p < 0.0001), but the authors found no correlations between methadone dose or duration and concurrent QTc-prolonging medications, sex, age, electrolyte abnormalities, or renal or hepatic dysfunction. Conclusion: At a clinically effective analgesic dose, methadone dosage and duration were not correlated with QTc prolongation, even in the presence of other risk factors, suggesting that methadone use may be safe in pediatric populations. The correlation between automated and manual ECG readings suggests that automated ECG readings are reliable for monitoring cardiac conductivity during the reported methadone-dosage regimens.
Pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals in infant and toddler total diet samples, October 1979-September 1980.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts Total Diet Studies to determine the dietary intake of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). These studies involve the retail purchase and analysis of foods representative of the diets of infants, toddlers, and adults. The individual food items are separated into a number of food groups, each of which is analyzed as a composite. This report summarizes the results for infant and toddler Total Diet samples collected in 10 cities between October 1979 and September 1980. The average concentration, range of concentrations, and calculated average daily intake of each chemical found are presented by food group. The average daily intakes of the chemicals are similar to those found in the several preceding years and generally are within acceptable limits. The results for samples collected during the same period that represent the adult diet are reported separately.
Theoretically on Guard for Crises

This chapter begins with a discussion of the evidence presented in Chapter 6; that is, what can be made of all the evidence compiled in the previous chapter? Does one theory (or more than one) stand out as being capable of capturing the essence of financial crises in the twenty-first century? An attempt is made in the first section of this chapter to address these questions. As we already know, theories of financial crisis tend to have many shared elements. This is because actual experiences, both in the US and globally, have, over time, many common elements. However, it is also true that no two crises are identical. Because of this, the second section of this chapter identifies those elements unique to the twenty-first century that may or may not conform to theory. In the third section, a short explanation of the post-crisis experience is offered. This allows us to put this crisis into some relative context regarding its real sector impact and the efficacy of monetary policy. The fourth and final section offers some concluding remarks.
An Improved Algorithm for the Stochastic, Capacitated Assortment Problem with Substitution

Assortment optimization is of crucial importance for retailers. By selecting items to be offered to customers, retailers make fundamental decisions that will influence what customers see, what they buy and to which extent their demand can be fulfilled. When taking these assortment decisions, it is therefore important to thoroughly consider customer demand characteristics on the one hand as well as all relevant costs occuring to the retailer on the other hand. Various models and solution approaches have been proposed to support retailers in these assortment decisions. We pick one of the recently contributed heuristical approaches and show how it can be improved. The improvement consists of slightly increased profits through better solutions as well as a significant decrease in runtime. Thus, the improved heuristic supports retailers in increasing retail profits in a more efficient manner. As such, the proposed improvement is of high practical relevance.
Geometric Characterizations of the Differential Shift Plus Alexander Integral Operator

In this effort, we deal with a new integral operator in the open unit disk. This operator is formulated by the complex Alexander operator and its derivative. Furthermore, we introduce a new subspace of the Hardy space containing the normalized analytic functions. We shall prove that the new integral operator is closed in the subspace of normalized functions. Geometric characterizations are established in the sequel based on the maximality of Jack Lemma.
Comparison of mammography and Pap test use from the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys: are we closing the gaps?

Using data from the National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplements, we examined the trends in mammogram and Pap smear test screening between 1987 and 1992 and the demographic characteristics associated with the use of those screening tests in 1992. In 1992, 67% of women 40 years of age and older reported ever having had a mammogram compared with 36% in 1987. A mammogram within the past year was reported by 29% of women in 1992, an increase from 14% in 1987. Among women 18 and older, 91% had ever had a Pap smear test in 1992, and 43% had one within the past year, an increase from 89% and 38%, respectively, in 1987. These changes represented significant increases in the use of both mammograms and Pap smear tests between 1987 and 1992 (P or = 65), widows, and never-married women, African-American women were more likely than Caucasian women to have had a Pap smear test, and women of other races were the least likely of any race/ethnic group to have ever had one (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.4). Women with less than 12 years of education had about a 40% decreased risk of having had a recent mammogram or Pap smear test. Women without a usual source of medical care also underutilized both screening procedures. Significant gains in the use of mammograms were found for all groups between 1987 and 1992. However, for the Pap smear test, some groups reported no differences during the five-year period. Although race and ethnic differences in the rates of screening use have been reduced somewhat, socioeconomically disadvantaged women and those with poor access to health care are still important target populations for increasing screening, particularly mammograms.
Regulation of Labor Market Monopsony

Argues for the banning of labor unions from collective bargaining for wages and striking, as well as the extension of the antitrust law to outlaw or regulate companies' abilities to exercise labor market monopsony power. Components of the antitrust exemption and the problems they try to address; Flaws in legal and economic approaches to labor unions; Efficiency defenses of labor unions. (Из Ebsco)
Impact of antibiotic stress on acid and heat tolerance and virulence factor expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of antibiotic stress on the virulence factor expression, simulated gastric fluid (SGF; pH 1.5) survival, and heat tolerance (56°C) of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The MIC for three antibiotics (trimethoprim, ampicillin, and ofloxacin) was determined for two E. coli O157:H7 strains (ATCC 43895 [raw hamburger isolate] and ATCC 43890 [fecal isolate]) by the dilution series method. Subsequently, cells were stressed at the MIC of each antibiotic for 4 h, and poststress tolerance and virulence factor production were evaluated. Heat tolerance (56°C) was determined by the capillary tube method, and SGF (pH 1.5) survival was used to assess acid tolerance. Virulence factor expression (stx, hlyA, and eaeA) was evaluated by the creation of lacZ gene fusions and then use of the Miller assay (a β-galactosidase assay). Stressed and control cells were evaluated in triplicate. The MIC for trimethoprim was 0.26 mg/liter for both strains; for ampicillin, it was 2.05 mg/liter for...
Influence of Extracellular [K+]o on Inspiratory Network Complexity of Phrenic and Hypoglossal Nerve Discharge in Arterially-Perfused Adult Rat

Many in vitro mammalian preparations are used to study multiple aspects of central respiratory control. In these preparations, recordings of respiratory-related outputs that range from individual and population neuronal activities to hypoglossal (XII) nerve output to phrenic (PHR) nerve discharge commonly are used. These reduced preparations typically are supplied with an artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) containing an extracellular potassium level ([K+]o) elevated above physiological levels in order to increase excitability and maintain a stable respiratory output. To begin to investigate the effects of [K+]o on the relationship between PHR and XII phase components, as well as the complexity underlying their respiratory-related network components, we examined the effects of various [K+]o levels on simultaneously recorded PHR and XII nerve activities in an arterially-perfused adult rat preparation.
What It Means To Be Critical: Beyond Rhetoric and Toward Action

In what ways, and on whose terms, might we expect a theory from ‘outside’ to have theoretical and analytic power for understanding inequality in education? As the first of two responses to Zeus Leonardo’s chapter, Ladson-Billings reflects on the various misuses and abuses of Critical Race Theory in the scholarship of educational inquiry. Through telling contrasts with Leonardo’s exegesis, she highlights a lack of deeper connection and criticality that may be detected in other, fundamentally superficial works. Setting aside questions of theoretical propriety and semantics, her response argues that the lived realities of racism compel both theoretical and practical development of research in education that confront – rather than sidestep – the structures of injustice and oppression. In short, if the texts and textures of educational research do not address this, do our questions of context and contextualization become little more than the willful persistence of ‘eyes wide shut’?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Economist’s Demand

Psychologist A. H. Maslow argued that basic human needs can be specified with reasonable clarity and can be ranked according to their importance in providing motivation and influencing behavior.1 Embedded in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory of human behavior that is to some degree foreign to the economist’s way of thinking. In this chapter, we outline Maslow’s system so that we may be able to use it for comparative purposes.
Evaluation of Temporal and Spatial Factors that Control the Susceptibility to Rainfall-Triggered Landslides

Landslides are a common, natural mass-wasting phenomenon in mountainous areas throughout the world. The term landslide means the downward and outward movement of hillslope-forming materials--natural rock, soils, artificial fills or combinations of these materials [37]. Landslides can include falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows [9]. Shallow landslides usually occur in material defined as engineering soils: unconsolidated, inorganic mineral, residual, or transported material (colluvium or alluvium), including rock fragments. Landslides are part of the natural process of hillslope erosion that is responsible for the introduction of sediment into streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and finally the ocean. In populated areas landslides pose serious problems for public safety. Human-made structures and their inhabitants on or near hillslopes may be in jeopardy if geologic, hydrologic, and climatologic conditions are conducive to landsliding.
Direct Observation of Tetrahydrofuranyl and Tetrahydropyranyl Peroxy Radicals via Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy.

Room-temperature cavity ring-down (CRD) spectra of the A ← X electronic transition of tetrahydrofuranyl peroxy (THFOO•) and tetrahydropyranyl peroxy (THPOO•) radicals were recorded. The peroxy radicals were produced by Cl-initiated oxidation of tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran. Quantum chemical calculations of the lowest-energy conformers of all regioisomers of these two peroxy radicals have been carried out to aid the spectral simulation. Conformational identification and vibrational assignment were achieved by comparing the experimentally obtained spectra to the simulated ones. The absence of α-THPOO• absorption peaks in the CRD spectrum is attributed to ring opening due to its weak Cα'O bond.
MEASURING REFLECTIVE SUPERVISION WITHIN HOME VISITING: CHANGES IN SUPERVISORS' SELF-PERCEPTION OVER TIME

Despite widespread belief in the early childhood field of the benefits of reflective supervision, there has been limited empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of reflective supervision for home visitors and the children and families they serve. The present study examined the psychometric properties of four adapted self-report measures assessing supervisors' reflective supervision capacities; the study also investigated whether these measures captured change in reflective capacity over time as supervisors participated in professional development activities focused on reflective supervision. Results from 33 participants (home visiting supervisors and program managers) suggested that three of the four measures demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, and these three measures were correlated with each other. Two of these measures also captured significant change over time. Finally, there was some evidence that those with less education demonstrated more substantial improvement in their reflective supervision capacities than did those with an advanced degree. Findings provide initial evidence for reliable, efficient, and cost-effective supervisor self-report measures that could be used in research and program evaluation to assess change in supervisor reflective capacity over time.
Business Aspects of Vaginal Mesh Kits: Lessons Learned

Although the clinical aspects of a medical device take priority in use and implementation, the business and economic aspects of the commercial device can be equally important in introduction, adoption, and perseverance. Many of these factors depend on both the physician and the medical device company. Similar to products previously introduced, vaginal mesh kits followed basic business principles, resulting in either success or failure. This chapter will review some of the business aspects of vaginal mesh kits and lessons learned during introduction, adoption, and evaluation.
Small-footprint Spiking Neural Networks for Power-efficient Keyword Spotting

Identifying specific keywords in speech is a common task present in current mobile devices. In this context, Keyword spotting (KWS) is the triggering cue for the device to start “listening in” on the uttered command. Since this cue can originate at any moment, KWS must be continuously performed. Small-footprint KWS is typically designed to directly detect the entire keyword (as opposed to sub-word components, such as phonemes), with current low-power KWS solutions relying heavily on artificial neural networks (ANNs). As a power-efficient alternative to ANNs, biologically-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have achieved similar results in terms of accuracy, with the benefit of simpler and, typically, sparser computation. SNNs can be designed to operate in rate- and time-based modes, each with its own particularities. In this work, we propose a small-footprint KWS solution on six common words from the TIMIT speech dataset using fully connected, feedforward neural networks, and compare the frame error rate performance and computational cost of ANN-versus-SNN alternatives. For the cost comparison, we designed a figure of merit which takes into account the types of operations present in digital implementations of the different types of networks. Lastly, we discuss the promising results for power-efficient KWS using SNNs, particularly in the time-based domain, which shows equivalent accuracy performance yet with an 84% reduction in cost in relation to its ANN equivalent.
Diagnostic precision of open- versus closed-set word recognition

The precision of forced-choice (closed-set) and open-ended (open-set) word recognition (WR) tasks for identifying a change in hearing was examined. WR performance for closed-set (4 and 6 choices) and open-set tasks was obtained from 70 listeners with normal hearing. Speech recognition was degraded by presenting words from the Modified Rhyme Test in speech-shaped noise (-8, -4, 0, and 4 signal-to-noise ratios) or by processing words using a sinewave vocoder (2, 4, 6, and 8 channels). The results for the two degraded listening conditions yielded similarly shaped, monotonically increasing psychometric functions. The closed-set tasks had shallower slopes and higher scores than the open-set task for the same condition. Fitted, average psychometric functions were the input to a computer simulation conducted to assess the ability of each task to identify a change in hearing. Individual data were also analyzed using 95% confidence intervals for significant changes in scores for words and phonemes. These analyses found the following for the most to least efficient condition: open-set (phoneme), open-set (word), 6-choice closed-set, and 4-choice closed-set. Greater than an order of magnitude more trials were needed for the 4-choice condition to equal the precision of the open-set word condition scored by the percentage of correct phonemes.
Capacity to Stand Trial Evaluations for Geriatric Defendants

Individuals who are facing criminal charges are constitutionally required to possess the ability to make rational decisions regarding their legal case. Capacity to stand trial, otherwise known as trial capacity or adjudicative capacity, describes the legal and clinical framework by which individuals are determined to be fit to proceed with their criminal hearing. In this chapter, we will review the case law behind our current standards for trial capacity, discuss the literature on this subject for older populations, and provide an overview of the basic principles on how to perform these evaluations, using the guidelines published by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. By the end of this chapter, the reader will have an understanding of the legal principles and approaches to determining capacity to stand trial and will be able to apply this, specifically, to geriatric defendants.
Factors Associated with Food Insecurity and Food Assistance Program Participation among University Students

Background and Significance: Food insecurity is an emerging issue among college students. It impacts the lives of many university students due to financial reasons. There is limited information about factors that affect food insecurity in that population. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine factors associated with food insecurity and food assistance program participation among college students. Methods: Food security status was determined using the short form of the USDA’s Food Security Survey Module. Results: Out of 116 students, 50 students (43.1%) were food insecure. Food insecurity was inversely associated with self-reported cumulative grade point averages. Only 24% of food insecure students participated in food assistance programs. Students who were involved in campus activities were significantly more likely to participate in food assistance programs. University-level policies and programs that help students combat food insecurity need to be considered. Conclusion: The inverse association between food insecurity and academic success indicates the importance of addressing food insecurity issues to foster their academic and professional success among university students. More research on strategies for promoting food assistance programs to college students is warranted. © 2018 Californian Journal of Health Promotion. All rights reserved.
Does practice variability elicit a more effective attentional focus in motor skill learners

Practicing a skill(s) with more variation (e.g., long and short distances) and/or practicing repetitions in a random order (e.g., rotating frequently among short and long distances) has been an acc...
H2Bub1 Regulates RbohD-Dependent Hydrogen Peroxide Signal Pathway in the Defense Responses to Verticillium dahliae Toxins

Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) plays critical roles in regulating growth and development as well as stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this study, we used wild-type and HUB1 and HUB2 loss-of-function Arabidopsis plants to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the plant's defense responses to Verticillium dahliae toxins (Vd-toxins). We demonstrated that HUB-mediated H2Bub1 regulates the expression of the NADPH oxidase RbohD by enhancing the enrichment of histone H3 trimethylated on Lys-4 in response to Vd-toxins. RbohD-dependent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling is a critical modulator in the defense response against Vd-toxins. Moreover, H2Bub1 also affects posttranscriptional mitogen-activated protein kinase (or MPK) signaling. H2Bub1 was required for the activation of MPK3 and MPK6. MPK3 and MPK6 are involved in regulating RbohD-mediated H2O2 production. MPK3 and MPK6 are associated with protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), such as Tyr-specific phosphatase1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphatase1, which negatively regulated H2O2 production. In addition, H2Bub1 is involved in regulating the expression of WRKY33 WRKY33 directly binds to RbohD promoter and functions as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of RbohD Collectively, our results indicate that H2Bub1 regulates the NADPH oxidase RbohD-dependent H2O2 production and that the PTP-MPK3/6-WRKY pathway plays an important role in the regulation of RbohD-dependent H2O2 signaling in defense responses to Vd-toxins in Arabidopsis.
Tabulated MLP for Fast Point Feature Embedding

Aiming at a drastic speedup for point-data embeddings at test time, we propose a new framework that uses a pair of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and look-up table (LUT) to transform point-coordinate inputs into high-dimensional features. When compared with PointNet's feature embedding part realized by MLP that requires millions of dot products, ours at test time requires no such layers of matrix-vector products but requires only looking up the nearest entities followed by interpolation, from the tabulated MLP defined over discrete inputs on a 3D lattice. We call this framework as "LUTI-MLP: LUT Interpolation MLP" that provides a way to train end-to-end tabulated MLP coupled to a LUT in a specific manner without the need for any approximation at test time. LUTI-MLP also provides significant speedup for Jacobian computation of the embedding function wrt global pose coordinate on Lie algebra $\mathfrak{se}(3)$ at test time, which could be used for point-set registration problems. After extensive architectural analysis using ModelNet40 dataset, we confirmed that our LUTI-MLP even with a small-sized table ($8\times 8\times 8$) yields performance comparable to that of MLP while achieving significant speedup: $80\times$ for embedding, $12\times$ for approximate Jacobian, and $860\times$ for canonical Jacobian.
Remittances and the Dutch disease phenomenon: evidence from the bounds error correction modelling and a panel space

Remittances have grown in size and importance. They are also among the most stable inflows of scarce foreign exchange for the developing world. While such inflows can boost economic growth, they ca...
An Empirical Case for Culture Change in Healthcare Delivery

Quality of healthcare delivery is a long-standing issue that concerns every individual member or group in society. The purpose of this paper is to identify problems with HRD functions in healthcare delivery and to suggest ways to improve and sustain quality healthcare delivery in Ghana. Using the FOCOS Orthopedic Hospital as a case study, data were collected using a qualitative research design. The following HRD functions: Program effectiveness, operating efficiency, service quality, financial stability, long versus short–term impact, tangible impact, client satisfaction, community support, publicity, employee satisfaction and commitment to the organization, trust in leadership, and altruism assessed as core indicators of high performance at the organization level, as well as the epitome of quality healthcare delivery. The results indicated that these factors presented different levels of importance to employees of FOCOS. However, there is universal agreement that the composite of these HRD functions and contextual performance indicators enhance quality healthcare delivery. FOCOS’ adherence to best practices in healthcare delivery presents a case for future research to adopt the culture espoused by FOCOS to help bridge gaps in healthcare delivery in Ghana. Unlike the traditional sectoral reforms that characterize healthcare delivery in Ghana, this paper proposes a holistic approach to culture change in healthcare delivery.
Edge-centric resource allocation for heterogeneous IoT applications using a CoAP-based broker

Edge/fog computing is an emerging paradigm that exploits computing and management at the edge of the network to improve QoS of traditional cloud-centric IoT applications. In large-scale IoT deployments, multiple applications are expected to access the same constrained resource (e.g., a sensor) with heterogeneous QoS requirements. However, IoT applications may be unable to adapt their access patterns to cope with bandwidth limitations. To address this issue, we propose a fog-based IoT broker that determines suitable notification rates to access IoT resources while maximising applications' QoS and avoiding network congestion. We first formalise the rate selection as an optimisation problem, and then we propose a practical algorithm that leverages transmission reliability to dynamically select notification periods. We developed a CoAP-based prototype and validated our proposal through simulations and experiments in a real IoT testbed. Our broker provides higher QoS satisfaction, throughput and energy efficiency compared to a conventional CoAP proxy.
Safety of pentavalent DTaP-IPV/Hib combination vaccine in post-marketing surveillance in Guangzhou, China, from 2011 to 2017.

Abstract Background The DTaP-IPV/Hib combination vaccine can replace the acellular tetanus vaccine, polio vaccine, and the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. Data on the safety of DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccines are required. We aimed to evaluate the safety of the vaccination program. Methods Using the National Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) surveillance system (CNAEFIS) in Guangzhou, China, a retrospective study was performed from May 11, 2011, to December 31, 2017. There were 376 cases of adverse events after vaccination with the DTaP IPV/Hib vaccine. The primary analysis indicators were the number of vaccines used, the number of AEFI reports received, and the reporting rate (per 100,000). Results From May 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017, 516,000 doses of vaccine were inoculated, and 376 cases of adverse reactions were reported; the reporting rate was 72.8 per 100,000 vaccines. There were eight cases of serious AEFIs (1.5 per 100,000), with four cases of thrombocytopenic purpura (0.8 per 100,000); three cases of cyanosis of the lips, stiffness, and flexion of limbs, and convulsions (0.6 per 100,000); and one case of a high fever (0.2 per 100,000). The highest incidence of AEFIs occurred after the fourth dose (n = 207, 55.0%, 40.1 per 100,000), followed by the first dose (n = 81, 21.5%, 15.7 per 100,000), second dose (n = 48, 12.8%, 9.3 per 100,000) and third dose (n = 40, 10.6%, 7.7 per 100,000). The AEFI incidence was higher after injection of the vaccine into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm (n = 276, 73.4%, 53.5 per 100,000) than after injection of the vaccine into the thigh (n = 100, 26.6%, 19.4 per 100,000). There was a significant difference between AEFIs after injection into the deltoid of the upper arm deltoid and the thigh (x2 = 164.8, P Conclusions Most of the reported AEFIs after DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccination are not serious. There were four cases of TP in this study; vaccination may be a rare cause of thrombocytopenic purpura.
GaN vacuum nanoelectronic devices

Solid-state, vacuum nanoelectronic devices have the potential to combine the advantages of vacuum electron devices, such as robustness in harsh environments and high frequency operation, and solid-state devices, such as size, integrability, and low-power operation. In this work, we demonstrate novel GaN nanogap field emission diodes that operate in air and exhibit low turn-on voltage, high field emission current, and excellent on-off ratio. We present experimental and modeling results on the field emission characteristics of these devices at various nanogap sizes and operating pressures. These results provide critical new insights into the behavior of this new class of devices and point to future challenges and opportunities. Sandia National Laboratories is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525.
Isolated Redo Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Valve Replacement.

Background Clinical outcomes of redo surgical aortic valve replacement (redo-SAVR) compared with valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV-TAVR) are poorly understood. This study compared short- and midterm outcomes of patients undergoing isolated redo-SAVR vs VIV-TAVR after previous SAVR. Methods A single-institutional review of the initial use of VIV-TAVR from 2012 to 2019 identified 273 patients undergoing VIV-TAVR (n = 187) or redo-SAVR (n = 86) after prior SAVR. Outcomes analysis included a univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results The Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was higher for VIV-TAVR (6.3%; interquartile range [IQR], 3.6%-10.5%) vs redo-SAVR (4.2%; IQR, 2.4%-6.9%; P Conclusions After previous SAVR, redo-SAVR and VIV-TAVR can both be performed with acceptable operative results. Despite treating a high-risk patient population, we found redo-SAVR and VIV-TAVR both carry similar operative outcomes. Improved valve hemodynamics were observed in redo-SAVR patients compared with VIV-TAVR patients.
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices Printed at the Aerosol-Jet Resolution Limit

Leveraging advances in additive manufacturing to implement radio frequency sensor technology has gained interest in recent years, motivated in part by the prospect of cost-effective, multi parameter sensing. Herein, aerosol-jet (AJ) printed surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices on LiNbO3 with features at the resolution limit of AJ printing are reported. Compared to previously reported work, these devices demonstrate improved agreement between SAW designed and measured operating frequency at finer printed feature size, increased operating fundamental frequency, and are the first reported exploitation of harmonics of printed SAW sensor devices. Additionally, the application of printed SAWs as electrical resistance sensors and temperature sensors is demonstrated.