cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering—Geologic Studies for Sewer Projects

Realization by Design Engineers that the data presented in test boring logs are often insufficient for accurate estimates and economical designs has led to preparation of more complete engineering-geologic studies for sewer projects. Such studies usually involve a preliminary or planning phase report, followed, if the project is authorized, by a design phase study. These studies involve not only boring logs and test pits, but consideration of geologic factors, the techniques of geophysics and soil laboratory testing, and the use of judgment and experience in discussing the effects of ground conditions, as indicated by all of the data, on the proposed design and construction. Part of the report is presented as an engineering soil map of the project area, and part in the form of a discussion of each soil or rock type mapped and its effect on design and construction.
The Correlation of Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids

The need for more extensive tabulations of thermodynamic property data for the cryogenic fluids and for tabular values where previously only graphical data were available was recognized several years ago for use in the work being carried out in this laboratory. As a consequence, a program was undertaken in the Cryogenic Processes Section which has resulted in the publication of tables of properties for helium, normal hydrogen, and nitrogen, This compilation of thermodynamic data from the literature has been continued in the Cryogenic Data Center and new publications with tabular values are now available for oxygen, argon, neon, and carbon monoxide. These publications indicate the experimental data considered, the compilation methods used, and the estimated accuracy of these tabulations.
Blood Pressure Regulation during Mouse Pregnancy

Chapter Summary Mice have a long history of use as gestational disease models, yet it was only during the past decade that the hemodynamic changes in the pregnant mouse have been elucidated. The miniaturization of surgically implantable radiotelemetry probes has permitted the study of blood pressure changes in mice before, during, and after pregnancy. These transmitters are capable of continuously acquiring data in conscious, unrestrained animals, thus allowing normal pregnancy to occur. Several studies have determined that mice display similar hemodynamic changes to women during gestation, with an increase in heart rate and a decline in blood pressure mid-gestation. In this chapter, the dynamic nature of murine gestational hemodynamics are compared and contrasted between strains, including hypertensive models, models of gestational complications, and other experimental models. Methodologies for measuring blood pressure in mice, with a particular focus on pregnancy, will be discussed, including the specific advantages and disadvantages of radiotelemetry, which has been defined as the criterion standard.
Initiation, evolution and extinction of pull-apart basins: Implications for opening of the Gulf of California

Abstract We present a model for the origin, crustal architecture, and evolution of pull-apart basins. The model is based on results of three-dimensional upper crustal elastic models of deformation, field observations, and fault theory, and is generally applicable to basin-scale features, but predicts some intra-basin structural features. Geometric differences between pull-apart basins are inherited from the initial geometry of the strike-slip fault step-over, which results from the forming phase of the strike-slip fault system. As strike-slip motion accumulates, pull-apart basins are stationary with respect to underlying basement, and the fault tips propagate beyond the rift basin, increasing the distance between the fault tips and pull-apart basin center. Because uplift is concentrated near the fault tips, the sediment source areas may rejuvenate and migrate over time. Rift flank uplift results from compression along the flank of the basin. With increasing strike-slip movement the basins deepen and lengthen. Field studies predict that pull-apart basins become extinct when an active basin-crossing fault forms; this is the most likely fate of pull-apart basins, because basin-bounding strike-slip systems tend to straighten and connect as they evolve. The models show that larger length-to-width ratios with overlapping faults are least likely to form basin-crossing faults, and pull-apart basins with this geometry are thus most likely to progress to continental rupture. In the Gulf of California, larger length-to-width ratios are found in the southern Gulf, which is the region where continental breakup occurred rapidly. The initial geometry in the northern Gulf of California and Salton Trough at ~ 6 Ma may have been one of widely-spaced master strike-slip faults (lower length-to-width ratios), which our models suggest inhibits continental breakup and favors straightening of the strike-slip system by formation of basin-crossing faults within the step-over, as began ~ 1.2 Ma when the San Jacinto and Elsinore - Cerro Prieto fault systems formed.
PARADIGM OF EMOTIONAL AND MENTAL AGONY OF DIASPORA

Diaspora is the migration of people from theirhomeland. It can be forced or voluntary. Diaspora plays an important part in our human civilization. TheseDiaspora people have developed their own communities and have a different world of their own. Study of diaspora give us a chance to study life of them from their perspective as how they all share a common bond between them. Indian diaspora has also played a considerable role in world literature.These diasporic writers of India lives in other countries.Diasporic writers of India have helped in giving expression to our indian culture and Bharti Mukherjee is one of them.Her place is among the great diasporic writers like Salman Rushdie,VikramSeth,JhumpaLahirietc.Literature is also a great medium of expression of female voice and it gives voice to their sufferings, predicaments.Bharti Mukherjee in her novel Jasmine uses the voice of her protagonist to express the pitiable plight of a female.In this novel jasmine went to America as an illegal immigrant and their she went through many transformations and finally regenerate herself.
Multiband analog to digital conversion

This paper outlines the design of an architecture that uses multiple ADCs in parallel to quantize several different bands of a wideband signal. A multirate filter bank is applied to reconstruct the wideband signal from its subband parts. This highly flexible architecture is able to quantize signals of varying bandwidths at a wide range of frequencies by using identical hardware in every channel, resulting a simple, modular design. A prototype for the quantizer used in each channel, a frequency-selective fourth-order sigma-delta ADC, is designed and fabricated in a 0.5-micron CMOS process.
Career Counseling Tailored to the Evangelical Christian Woman at Midlife

The unique career counseling needs of traditional evangelical Christian women at midlife are seen as precipitating from two circumstances: (a) children reaching school age and/or (b) husbands undergoing midlife crises which threaten their marriages. The rationale for choosing a Christian versus secular counselor is discussed, along with ways to adapt conventional secular counseling strategies and tools to accommodate evangelical values. Suggestions for motivating clients biblically are offered Problems addressed include phases of counseling, guilt issues, family concerns, and financial considerations. A decision-making model that emphasizes the centrality of values and a “change agent” approach to barriers is advocated.
Toward adaptive decision support for assessing infrastructure system resilience using hidden performance measures

AbstractThe understanding of resilience is an emerging topic within the study of risks affecting distributed infrastructure systems. Although recent studies have explored the quantification of syst...
E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Key Regulators of Hormone Signaling in Plants

Ubiquitin-mediated control of protein stability is central to most aspects of plant hormone signaling. Attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins occurs via an enzymatic cascade with the final step being catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as E3 ubiquitin ligases, which have been classified based on their protein domains and structures. Although E3 ubiquitin ligases are conserved among eukaryotes, in plants they are well-known to fulfill unique roles as central regulators of phytohormone signaling, including hormone perception and regulation of hormone biosynthesis. This review will highlight up-to-date findings that have refined well-known E3 ligase-substrate interactions and defined novel E3 ligase substrates that mediate numerous hormone signaling pathways. Additionally, examples of how particular E3 ligases may mediate hormone crosstalk will be discussed as an emerging theme. Looking forward, promising experimental approaches and methods that will provide deeper mechanistic insight into the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in plants will be considered.
A New Approach towards Minimizing the Risk of Misdosing Warfarin Initiation Doses

It is a challenge to be able to prescribe the optimal initial dose of warfarin. There have been many studies focused on an efficient strategy to determine the optimal initial dose. Numerous clinical, genetic, and environmental factors affect the warfarin dose response. In practice, it is common that the initial warfarin dose is substantially different from the stable maintenance dose, which may increase the risk of bleeding or thrombosis prior to achieving the stable maintenance dose. In order to minimize the risk of misdosing, despite popular warfarin dose prediction models in the literature which create dose predictions solely based on patients' attributes, we have taken physicians' opinions towards the initial dose into consideration. The initial doses selected by clinicians, along with other standard clinical factors, are used to determine an estimate of the difference between the initial dose and estimated maintenance dose using shrinkage methods. The selected shrinkage method was LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator). The estimated maintenance dose was more accurate than the original initial dose, the dose predicted by a linear model without involving the clinicians initial dose, and the values predicted by the most commonly used model in the literature, the Gage clinical model.
Is There a Gender Difference in Infarct Size and Arrhythmias Following Experimental Coronary Occlusion and Reperfusion

It has been suggested that there may be gender differences in the outcome of myocardial infarction and therapies. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the basic science of gender difference in the setting of experimental myocadial infarction. Therefore, we performed a randomized study to determine whether there is a gender-related difference in infarct size as well as arrhythmias in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Eleven male and 10 female adult rats were studied. All rats underwent 90 minutes of left main coronary occlusion and 4 hours of reperfusion. After 4 hours of reperfusion, the area at risk (AR) was delineated by dye injection and the area of necrosis (AN) was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The electrocardiogram was recorded for the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). The area at risk was similar between the two groups. Myocardial infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, averaged 57.3 +/- 4.9% in male and 58.2 +/- 3.5% in female rats (p = NS). The incidences of VT and VF were similar between male and female rats during 90 minutes of ischemia. Thus, gender had no effect on the extent of myocardial injury in this model of ischemia/reperfusion. To the best of our knowledge this is the first prospective randomized experimental trial that has shown no effect of gender on myocardial infarct size.
Integrating Cyber Security and Data Science for Social Media: A Position Paper

Cyber security and data science are two of the fastest growing fields in Computer Science and more recently they are being integrated for various applications. This position paper will review the developments in applying Data science for cyber security and cyber security for data science and then discuss the applications in Social Media.
Phase 2 trial of chemotherapy followed by consolidative radiation therapy for initial treatment of oligometastatic NSCLC.

9047Background: Unselected patients with stage 4 lung cancer who receive front line platinum based chemotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy have demonstrated a PFS less than 6 months with very few...
Preschool Student–Teacher Relationships and Teaching Stress

Teacher stress has a well-established research base, with similar sources of occupational stress reported by teachers at all grade levels. This study examined a proximal source of stress—the student–teacher relationship—as a predictor of stress in preschool teachers. This study is unique in its focus on teaching stress, which occurs in response to working with specific students, as opposed to the more commonly studied teacher stress that results from distal sources such as workload and insufficient resources. We hypothesized that student teacher relationships would predict teaching stress, such that conflictual and dependent relationships would predict high levels of stress and close relationships would predict low levels of stress. Forty-four preschool teachers provided ratings on 72 preschool-aged children on the Index of Teaching Stress and Student–Teacher Relationship Scale. Results of correlational and multiple regression analyses results supported conflict, but not closeness or dependency, as a significant predictor of teaching stress. Practitioners in early childhood settings may use these findings to inform their work with teachers. University training and professional development activities targeting stress and student teacher relationships would benefit teachers, as would consideration of those variables when consulting with teachers about challenging students.
Improvements in Grip and Pinch Strength and Patient-reported Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Study design Prospective. Objective To evaluate improvements in grip and pinch strength in patients with or without myelopathy and determine patient factors that are predictive of continued postoperative grip strength weakness. Summary of background data The degree to which cervical myelopathy can diminish upper extremity muscle strength has not been objectively characterized. Few studies have investigated the association between the expected improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and strength in grip and pinch after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods Patients were asked to perform grip and pinch strength tests both preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Patients were also administered PRO surveys, which included Neck Disability Index, Short-Form-12 physical composite score and mental composite score, and Visual Analog Scale neck and arm pain scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimum cutoff values of preoperative patient factors to predict postoperative dominant handgrip weakness after ACDF. Results Patients with radiculopathy demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in Visual Analog Scale arm pain compared with patients with myelopathy. The ROC curve analysis determined the optimum cutoff for preoperative dominant handgrip strength to be 22 kgf. This value demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.62. The area under the ROC curve value was 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.88), indicating fair prognostic accuracy of the cutoff for postoperative dominant handgrip weakness. Conclusions In this prospective, observational study, postoperative increase in grip and pinch strength demonstrated an association with improvement of pain and disability of the neck and overall quality of health regardless of the presence of cervical myelopathy. Preoperative grip strength weakness was found to be predictive of postoperative grip strength deficiency after ACDF. Our investigation suggests the recovery of hand function may be correlated with improvement of PROs after ACDF.
INTRA- AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY FOR LIMB LENGTH MEASUREMENT AND TRIAL ERROR ASSESSMENT OF THE UPPER QUARTER Y-BALANCE TEST IN HEALTHY ADULTS

Background There has been an increased emphasis placed on outcome measures in healthcare recently. This emphasis, coupled with a limited amount of clinically meaningful upper extremity closed-kinetic chain performance-based measures, has led to the development of the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ). Current literature has reported the established reliability of the test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities of the YBT-UQ, but not the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of limb length (LL) measurement and trial error assessment (assessing whether a subject committed an error during the trial thus negating the results of that trial). These components are important to the output of the measure and therefore need to be examined. Purpose To examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of LL measurement and trial error assessment for the YBT-UQ. Study design A test-retest design was utilized to evaluate reliability. Methods A convenience sample of healthy college students had their right upper extremity LL measured and performed the YBT-UQ in order to establish intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of LL measurement and YBT-UQ trial error assessment. LL was measured from the C7 spinous process to the distal end of the third digit of the right hand per protocol for the YBT-UQ. Two YBT-UQ practice trials were performed for each stance hand followed by three trials for each stance hand. The trial reach measurements were recorded by each rater. A video recording device was used to record each trial and the video was viewed by each rater for trial error assessment. Results The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values for intra-rater reliability for LL measurements were 0.986, 0.987, and 0.990 for each of the three raters respectively, indicating excellent reliability. The ICC value for inter-rater reliability for LL measurements was 0.990, also indicating excellent reliability. Trial error assessment intra-rater reliability Kappa values were 0.917, 0.869, and 0.951 for each of the three raters respectively, indicating very good agreement. The Kappa value for trial error assessment for all three raters, collectively, was 0.658 for the first assessment of trial errors and 0.643 for the second assessment of trial errors, indicating good agreement between raters for each assessment of trial errors. Conclusion The YBT-UQ demonstrates a high degree of reliability in measurement of LL and agreement regarding trial errors assessment on the population studied. Levels of evidence 2b.
A Mechanism for Stroke Complicating Coronary Thrombus Aspiration.

Abstract Coronary thrombus aspiration was developed to remove thrombus, prevent distal embolization, and prepare the vessel for definitive intervention. However, its use is now limited by the risk of stroke. We describe a case where appropriate aspiration technique likely prevented central embolization of a coronary thrombus. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Review: The Revolution Within: State Institutions and Unarmed Resistance in Palestine, by Yael Zeira

Three recent books, all written by professors of political science, provide new scholarly perspectives on the dynamics of Palestinian collective action at a time when avenues for meaningful diploma...
Neutrino amplitude decomposition in matter

Observation of the interference between the atmospheric-scale and solar-scale oscillations is one of the challenging and tantalizing goals of the ongoing and upcoming neutrino experiments. An inevitable first step required for such analyses is to establish the way the oscillation $S$ matrix can be decomposed into the atmospheric and solar waves, the procedure dubbed as the amplitude decomposition. In this paper, with the use of the perturbative framework proposed by Denton et al. (DMP), we establish the prescription for amplitude decomposition which covers the whole kinematical region of the terrestrial neutrino experiments. We analyze the limits to the atmospheric- and solar-resonance regions to argue that the dynamical two modes of the DMP decomposition can be interpreted as the matter-dressed atmospheric and solar oscillations. The expressions of the oscillation probability, which are decomposed into the noninterference and interference terms, are derived for all the relevant flavor oscillation channels. Through construction of the DMP decomposition, we reveal the nature of $\ensuremath{\psi}$ (${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{12}$ in matter) symmetry as due to the $S$ matrix rephasing invariance. A new picture of the DMP perturbation theory emerged, a unified perturbative framework for neutrino oscillation in earth matter.
DEMAC: A Modular Platform for HW-SW Co-Design

Scientists running applications on high performance computers expect these systems to deliver a high throughput effectively and reliably, while maintaining flexibility, programmability and energy efficiency. Programs are usually translated from a coded language that defines the operation of these systems through a compiler. HPC machines exhibit different features and behaviors based on their architectural characteristics: they could have accelerators or be a collection of computational units with a non-uniform memory access. Aiming to develop a low-cost, flexible and versatile parallel machine for hardware-software co-design of program execution models research, we present DEMAC (the Delaware Modular Assembly Cluster). It provides the necessary tools to develop and test novel features for the next generation of supercomputers. It includes a set of 3D-printed frames that can house several card-sized multi-core embedded systems. Along with a full open source stack, these small computers feature Parallella boards containing a Zynq-7000 series SoC with a dual-core ARM processor and an FPGA that interconnects with a 16-core coprocessor called Epiphany. All individual nodes are connected through an Ethernet network. An initial version of a runtime based on Dataflow's Codelet Model is also proposed. This project aims to provide a flexible research platform that could benefit different research labs looking for low-cost parallel platforms.
Assessing the Longitudinal Change in Low Vision: A Test of Competing Hypotheses:

Introduction:Visual impairment among older adults has increasingly become one of the biggest challenges to public health and personal well-being in the United States. This study aims to examine whe...
Presuit Civil Protective Orders on Discovery

There are few civil procedure laws broadly authorizing trial courts in the United States to consider presuit requests seeking protection from discovery sanctions or spoliation claims in later civil actions. There should be more laws on presuit protective orders addressing information maintenance, preservation and/or production. New presuit protective order laws are most apt where there have been demands by potential adversaries involving alleged information preservation duties under civil discovery laws or under substantive spoliation laws; where the recipients have strong reasons to secure early judicial clarifications; and, where the availability and use of presuit protective orders will serve both private and public interests in the just speedy, and inexpensive determinations of civil claims. New protective order laws are also warranted for some potential witnesses in receipt of presuit information preservation demands. An Arizona court rule, effective in July, 2018, authorizes certain presuit information preservation orders that are not aimed at perpetuating witness testimony, at identifying potential defendants, or at investigating potential causes of action, the most common forms of presuit civil discovery. Yet that rule is limited and thus should not be fully modeled. The Arizona rule speaks only to “the existence or scope of any duty to preserve” electronically stored information (esi). It allows one in receipt of “a preservation request” for information relevant to anticipated or pending litigation to petition for an order on any esi preservation duty. Petitioner need not be an anticipated adverse party in advance of a civil suit, and need not be an anticipated new party to a pending related suit. New laws on presuit protective orders should go further. They should authorize protective orders concerning both esi and nonesi. They should be available at times even when there may not then be a legal duty to preserve. These new laws should, however, provide guidelines limiting discretionary judicial powers. Finally, any new laws on presuit protective orders should reflect the unique information maintenance, production and preservation duties within a judicial system, whether in procedural (as with discovery sanction) or substantive (as with independent spoliation claim) laws. A one size fits all approach is unwarranted.
HHV-6 Prophylaxis with Foscanet Improves Hematopoietic Engraftment after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Abstract Delayed hematopoietic recovery is a major obstacle for successful use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. In our recent report of patients receiving non-myeloablative (NMA) UCB transplantation with sirolimus/MMF as GVHD prophylaxis, we observed an association between early post-transplant HHV6 viral reactivation and delayed hematopoietic recovery. Therefore, in order to improve hematopoietic recovery, we added foscarnet (45 mg/kg twice daily) as antiviral prophylaxis for at least 10 days starting at day +7 until neutrophil engraftment. Here we report results in 19 consecutive patients treated with foscarnet and compared results in those treated with acyclovir (n=60, historical control) after NMA UCB transplant with sirolimus/MMF GVHD prophylaxis. The median age for the entire cohort was 63 years (range, 16-73 years). Acute leukemia was the principal indication for transplantation (45%). At the time of transplantation, 25% of the patients had many comorbidities (HCT-CI≥3), 21% had Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≤80% and nearly 60% were CMV seropositive with 7 patients (9%) having had a prior allogeneic transplant (alloHCT). All patients received the same NMA conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine (150 mg/m2), cytoxan (50mg/kg) and TBI (200 cGy) with 46% also receiving ATG if there was no recent chemotherapy. Median infused total nucleated cell dose for the entire cohort was 4.1 x107/kg (range, 2.7-9.6 x107/kg). Groups were similar except for prior alloHCT (21% vs. 5%, p=0.03) and lower KPS ≤80% (58% vs. 10%, p Download : Download high-res image (137KB) Download : Download full-size image Table . Disclosures Brunstein: Magenta Therapeutics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding.
Abstract 410: Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by modulating epigenetic enzymes (DNMTs, HDACs, and HATs)

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antitumorigenic properties using in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer and in small cohort studies of colorectal cancer patients. The development of colon cancer is influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors, with increased risk associated with age, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. Thus, parsing the interactions of genetic components and epigenetic modulators of gene expression in colon cancer development and progression is essential. The mechanism by which EGCG exerts antitumorigenic activity against colon cancer has not been completely elucidated. This study investigates potential mechanism(s) by which EGCG inhibits proliferation of HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines, via epigenetic pathways. Briefly, HCT-116 and HT-29 cells were treated with EGCG (5-150 µM) and control drugs: 5-FU (50-200 µg/mL), 5-AZA (5 µM), SAHA (1-10 µM), and anacardic acid (10 µM) for 48-72 h. Cell proliferation (MTT), cell cycle and apoptosis (PI-FC and TUNEL), enzyme activity, gene and protein expression were measured. EGCG inhibited proliferation of HCT-116 and HT-29 by promoting S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Expression and global enzyme activity of DNMTs (1, 3a, 3b), HDACs (1-4), and HATs (P300, PCAF, P400) were differentially expressed in both cell lines. A consistent upregulation of DNMT3b and downregulation of HDAC3 in both cell lines were observed. Global and gene-specific regulation of DNA methylation and histone acetylation by EGCG is under current study in our lab. The antiproliferative effects of EGCG can potentially be attributed to restoring normal global and gene-specific methylation/acetylation pattern in colon cancer cells by regulating DNMTs, HDACs, and HATs. This study provides evidence for the utilization of EGCG as a potential chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. Furthermore, identifying mechanisms by which EGCG overrides tumor-driven genetic deregulation to inhibit carcinogenesis expands our knowledge on pathways contributing to colon cancer and plausible targets for epigenetic therapy/prevention. This project is supported by NIH: RO1CA96694 and P30CA054174. Citation Format: April B. Cabang, Yuan Fang, Jay Morris, Michael J. Wargovich. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by modulating epigenetic enzymes (DNMTs, HDACs, and HATs). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 410. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-410
A quad-band Loop PIFA antenna for wireless applications

In this paper, a novel antenna structure called loop planar inverted F antenna (LPIFA) is proposed. The proposed antenna offers a quad-band operation for GSM 800/900/1800/1900 wireless communication applications. The simulation and measurement validate the proposed design.
Relationship Between Cell Size and Efficiency of Synchronization During Nitrogen-Limited Phased Cultivation of Candida utilis

Under the phased method of cultivation the yeast Candida utilis grew and divided synchronously. The newly formed cells were relatively small, and a new cell cycle was not initiated until the cells could attain a certain minimum size (critical size). Although the cells expanded to some extent after division, the critical size was not reached until a fresh supply of medium was provided. With the arrival of the fresh supply of growth medium at the beginning of the phasing period, the cells expanded rapidly, and new cell cycles were initiated. The cells continued to expand until the growth-limiting nutrient (nitrogen source) was exhausted or until 90 min, which ever occurred first. Usually, buds emerged at a constant time after the start of the phasing period. The time of bud emergence was independent of the size attained by the cells during the expansion phase of growth. The results indicated that it was initiation of the cell cycle that was under size control, and not bud emergence. Bud emergence seemed to be under the control of a timer. The start of this timer seemed to be at or immediately after the beginning of the phasing period. Protein synthesis was essential for the initiation and expansion of buds. However, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not prevent unbudded cells or the parent portion of budded cells from expanding. Cycloheximide seemed to abolish the control mechanism(s) which prevented the cells from expanding after they had reached the maximum size.
Lessons from the Housing Crisis

Public discourse on the causes and consequences of the housing crisis, and the appropriate policy responses, has been ideological and partisan. The collapse of the housing bubble in 2007 and the subsequent financial crisis and deep recession could and should have prompted the nation to reconsider many core assumptions about the role of the market in the housing finance system and about the value of homeownership, among many other questions, however, this was not to be. In this essay I draw some lessons from the crisis, both for public policy and for education. To frame the discussion, I first sketch out the state of the nation’s housing and mortgage markets as of the spring of 2011, and review the actions that the federal government has taken to date to address the crisis and revive the housing market.
Répétition et différence: Du crime sacréà la punition profane

La sequence crime/châtiment, ou la violence repond a la violence, se presente comme une manifestation de la structure fondamentale representee par la repetition differenciee: celle qui vise un effet therapeutique. Ce type de repetition a eteetudie sur la plan psychologique par Freud et Jacques Lacan, sur le plan social par Rene Girard. Dans la litterature, la repetition se place d'emblee sur le niveau symbolique: le crime trouble l'ordre social et cosmique, laissant l'homme face a un univers arbitraire, absurde, et chaotique ou tout est permis; il doit etre suivi de punition pour que tout rentre dans l'ordre. Si le crime, surtout le crime de violence, inspire l'horreur, c'est parce que le mal est une manifestation particuliere et privilegiee du sacre. L'exorcisme de ce mal est obtenu par la punition, qui nous ramene du niveau sacre des evenements extraordinaires et inquietants au niveau profane de la vie ordinaire, tolerable. Dans les societes civilisees, la repetition de la violence du crime est remplacee par l'emprisonnement, ou la catharsis emotionelle est remplacee par la censure rationaliste (profane) qui cherche a steriliser l'element irrationnel qui fonde le crime (sacre).
Gender Differences in the Perception of Genetic Engineering Applied to Human Reproduction

A questionnaire-survey of public perception of the desirability, risks, and benefits associated with current and potential applications of genetic engineering techniques to manipulate the outcome of human reproduction was conducted on 111 male and 135 female respondents. The proportion (63%) of male respondents who hold a positive impression that genetic engineering is a socially beneficial field of scientific research was significantly higher than the corresponding proportion (46%) of female respondents (p = 0.008). Similarly, in comparing somatic (non-reproductive cells) and germ-line (reproductive cells) gene therapy, most males (58%) foresaw no detrimental impacts of somatic cell gene therapy, but most females (60%, including 49% who opted for case-by-case evaluation) disapprove of even this form of therapy (p = 0.04). Most people remain fearful of germ-line therapy, but significantly more men (23%) than women (16%) support the development of genetic engineering for manipulating human germ-line cells (p = 0.04). There are no significant differences between male and female respondents with respect to genetic manipulation to correct inborn errors of metabolism or fetal deformity. The results of this study support the view that women tend to be more cautious than men with respect to acceptance of novel genetically-based procedures aimed at altering pregnancy outcome and offspring phenotype. Gender-based educational programs regarding the human genome project and human genetic engineering may be warranted to promote concordant decision-making in family planning and counseling.
On three-dimensional object recognition and pose determination: an abstraction-based approach

This thesis advances an abstraction-based paradigm which makes explicit the process of imposing assumptions on data. The units of abstraction are models whose levels of abstraction are determined by the degree of assumption necessary for their application. A general to specific refinement process provides a mechanism to proceed gracefully through the abstraction hierarchy. The task of object recognition and pose determination becomes one of making stronger and stronger assumptions about the data. These assumptions yield model hypotheses which may then be applied and tested. This process of assumption and abstraction furnishes a path between symbolic descriptors of objects in the scene to their numeric specification. Throughout the process, abstractions are made to better interpret the original data to which the hypothesized models are fitted/computed. The strategy is thus data-bound. This strategy was applied to the recognition and pose determination of objects comprising cylindrical and planar surfaces in dense range data. A method of computing reliable Gaussian and mean curvature sign-map descriptors from the polynomial approximations of surfaces was demonstrated. Such descriptors which are invariant under perspective variation are suitable for hypothesis generation. A means for determining the pose of constructed geometric forms whose algebraic surface descriptions are non-linear in terms of their orienting parameters was developed. This was done by means of linear functions which are capable of approximating non-linear forms and determining their parameters. It was shown that biquadratic surfaces are suitable companion-linear forms for cylinder approximation and parameter estimation. The estimates provided the initial parametric approximations necessary for a non-linear regression stage to fine tune the estimates by fitting the actual non-linear form to the data. A hypothesis-based split-merge algorithm for extraction and pose determination of cylinders and planes which merge smoothly into other surfaces was developed. It was shown that all split-merge algorithms are hypothesis-based. A finite-state algorithm for the extraction of the boundaries of run-length regions was developed. The computation takes advantage of the run list topology and boundary direction constraints implicit in the run-length encoding.
Interactive termination proofs using termination cores

Recent advances in termination analysis have yielded new methods and tools that are highly automatic. However, when they fail, even experts have difficulty understanding why and determining how to proceed. In this paper, we address the issue of building termination analysis engines that are both highly automatic and easy to use in an interactive setting. We consider the problem in the context of ACL2, which has a first-order, functional programming language. We introduce the notion of a termination core, a simplification of the program under consideration which consists of a single loop that the termination engine cannot handle. We show how to extend the Size Change Termination (SCT) algorithm so that it generates termination cores when it fails to prove termination, with no increase to its complexity. We show how to integrate this into the Calling Context Graph (CCG) termination analysis, a powerful SCT-based automatic termination analysis that is part of the ACL2 Sedan. We also present several new, convenient ways of allowing users to interface with the CCG analysis, in order to guide it to a termination proof.
Regulation of Fas-Ligand Expression during Activation-induced Cell Death in T Lymphocytes via Nuclear Factor κB

T cell receptor engagement activates transcription factors important for cytokine gene regulation. Additionally, this signaling pathway also leads to activation-induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes that is dependent on FasL transcription and expression. Here we demonstrate that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is involved in the transcriptional regulation of many cytokine genes expressed in activated lymphocytes, also plays a role in T cell activation-induced FasL expression. Inhibition of NF-κB activity in a T cell hybridoma leads to decreased FasL expression and apoptosis upon T cell receptor stimulation. We identified the NF-κB site in the FasL promoter that contributes to such regulation. Co-expression of p65 (Rel A) with the FasL promoter enhanced its activity, and co-expression of IκB dramatically inhibited the inducible promoter activity. In contrast, the transcription factor AP-1 is not required for activation-induced FasL promoter activity. These results define a role for NF-κB in mediating FasL expression during T cell activation.
Evaluation and Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy

The evaluation and treatment options for cervical radiculopathy continue to evolve as it becomes better defined and gaps in the literature are identified. This article provides a current synopsis of the definition, history, physical examination, imaging, and treatment options available.
Cloning and characterization of the flavodoxin gene from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.

The gene coding for the flavodoxin protein from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans [Essex 6] (ATCC 29577) has been cloned and sequenced. The gene was identified on Southern blots of HindIII-digested genomic DNA by hybridization to the coding region for the flavodoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris [Hildenborough] (Krey, G.D., Vanin, E.F. and Swenson, R.P. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15436-15443). Ultimately, a 1.8 kb TaqI fragment was cloned which contains an open reading frame of 447 nucleotides coding for an acidic protein of 148 amino acids and calculated molecular weight of 15,726. The derived amino acid sequence of this protein is 47% identical to the flavodoxin from D. vulgaris. Regions of the polypeptide which form the flavin mononucleotide binding site are largely homologous; however, some perhaps significant differences are noted. The aromatic amino acid residues that flank the flavin isoalloxazine ring in the D. vulgaris structure, i.e., tryptophan-60 and tyrosine-98, are conserved in this flavodoxin.
Estimating the intertemporal elasticity of labor supply in a contractual market

Abstract If labor services are exchanged in contractual markets, existing micro estimates of the intertemporal substitution elasticity contain a negative bias. Hedonic wage regressions of compensating differentials for layoffs provide unbiased estimates in contractual markets.
The Grammaticalization of an Anterior IN Progress: Evidence from a Peninsular Spanish Dialect

This paper investigates the current grammaticalization of the Spanish Present Perfect, an anterior grammaticalizing to perfective, in the dialect of Alicante, Spain. The evidence offered provides insight into this grammaticalization process, and into the development of hodiernal tenses (cf. Dahl 1984). This change results from inferences which extend the functions of the anterior, and also from the gram's absorption of the temporal context with which it normally occurs. Furthermore, the grammaticalization process under study does not involve metaphorical change; it extends the meaning of the anterior form from the speaker's subjective inner state to the external described situation. Such a change thus challenges the views of both Heine et al. (1991a; 1991b), and also Traugott and Konig (1991).
Far infrared spectra of palladium compounds—I. The influence of ligands upon the palladium chloride stretching frequency

Abstract The infrared spectra of a number of cis and trans palladium (II) complexes of the type PdL 2 Cl 2 have been recorded from 600 to 250 cm −1 . The PdCl stretching frequencies were very intense and ranged from 360 to 287 cm −1 . The PdN stretching frequencies vary greatly in intensity and ranged from 528 to 436 cm −1 . The positions of the PdCl bands are correlated with those expected from a trans effect which is due to both bond weakening and π-bonding phenomena, depending upon the type of ligand. It is shown that the increasing order of NH 3 , ArNH 2 and RNH 2 as trans directors is due mainly to bond weakening, while the position of pyridine and R 2 S as trans directors is due to both π-bonding and bond weakening.
FETAL BRADYCARDIA INDUCED BY MATERNAL EXERCISE

Fetal bradycardia that occurred during maternal exercise (a symptom-limited VO2 max treadmill test) in the fetuses of three healthy pregnant women is described. The mechanism of this bradycardia is believed to be mediated by catecholamines. The fetal bradycardia seems to be transitory and appears to be compensated for by an increase in fetal heart rate after the cessation of exercise.
Superconducting RF linac technology for ERL light sources

Energy Recovering Linacs (ERLs) offer an attractive alternative as drivers for light sources as they combine the desirable characteristics of both storage rings (high efficiency) and linear accelerators (superior beam quality). Using superconducting RF technology allows ERLs to operate more efficiently because of the inherent characteristics of SRF linacs, namely that they are high gradient-low impedance structures and their ability to operate in the long pulse or CW regime. We present an overview of the physics challenges encountered in the design and operation of ERL based light sources with particular emphasis on those issues related to SRF technology. These challenges include maximizing a cavity's Q o to increase cryogenic efficiency, maintaining control of the cavity field in the presence of the highest feasible loaded Q and providing adequate damping of the higher-order modes (HOMs). If not sufficiently damped, dipole HOMs can drive the multipass beam breakup (BBU) instability which ERLs are particularly susceptible to. Another challenge involves efficiently extracting the potentially large amounts of HOM power that are generated when a bunch traverses the SRF cavities and which may extend over a high range of frequencies. We present experimental data from the Jefferson Lab FEL Upgrade, a 10 mA ERL light source presently in operation, aimed at addressing some of these issues. We conclude with an outlook towards the future of ERL based light sources.
The doctor-patient relationship during medical internship: the evolution of dissatisfaction.

Abstract We prospectively examined perceptions of the doctor-patient relationship among interns in two different internal medicine training programs five times during the internship year. All 59 interns in the University of California, Irvine-Long Beach and the Oregon Health Sciences University Medical Programs participated in the study during the 1982–1983 internship year. We serially administered a questionnaire that contained four major items: (1) a choice of one of six empirically developed role paradigms of the doctor-patient relationship; (2) a checklist of positive and negative aspects of internship; (3) a measure of level of satisfaction with the decision to become a physician; and (4) a rating list of mood descriptors. The six role paradigms portrayed a variety of positive and negative aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. At the beginning of the year, the interns were quite positive about the doctor-patient relationship and preferentially endorsed collegial models. As the year progressed, they endorsed significantly fewer positive and more negative models (P
The λφ4 coupling at high temperature

Abstract Some erroneous claims about λφ 4 scalar field theory are corrected. In particular, the coupling λ ( T ) is shown to grow logarithmically with temperature for large T .