cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam as Monotherapy and Adjunctive Therapy on Epilepsy in Children with 4 Years Old and Younger

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam(LEV) as the monotherapy and the adjunctive therapy on epilepsy in children with 4 yerar old and younger.Methods Seventy children with epilepsy(age ranged from 4 months to 4 years) received the LEV monotherapy or the adjunctive therapy, and were investigated by a self-controlled and open-label research.There were 52 cases treated with the adjunctive therapy(adjunctive therapy group) and 18 cases with monotherapy(monotherapy group).LEV was administerd in a dose of 62.5-250.0 mg·d-1(7.8-20.0 mg·kg-1·d-1),and increased by 62.5-250.0 mg·d-1 per week till the target dose 250.0-1 000.0 mg·d-1(14.7-70.0 mg·kg-1·d-1).The efficacy and adverse events of LEV were observed.Results Sixty-five patients were followed up for more than 6 months.Thirty-four cases out of 48 patients (70.8%) had at least 50% reduction in seizures with the adjunctive therapy and 14 cases out of 17 patients (82.4%) with the monotherapy.Eight cases out of 48 patients (16.7%) became seizure-free with the adjunctive therapy and 6 cases out of 17 patients (35.3%) in monotherapy,and there was no significant difference between 2 groups(χ2=0.2,0.9,Pa0.05).The ≥50% reduction in seizures was 83.3% in myoclnic seizure,82.8% in partial and secondary generalized seizure,80.0% in generalized tonic or clonic seizure,58.3% in infantile spasm,and 57.1% in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome of atonic serzure was no inadequate seizure control.The adverse events included behavioral changes 7.7%(5/65 cases),decreased appetite 4.6%(3/65 cases),and somnolence 3.1%(2/65 cases),constipation 1.5%(1/65 cases).The adverse events were mild and disappeared spontaneonsly,and the therapy was continued due to mild adverse events.Conclusions The LEV adjunctive therapy and the monotherapy are both effective and safe in children 4 years old and yougner with epilepsy.LEV may be a valid therapeutic option for epilepsy in infants and young children.
Inheritance of Purple Leaf Color of Purple Rice IR1552 and Its Utilization in Breeding

IR1552,introduced from the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI),is a specific rice material with purple leaves.The inheritance of the trait of purple leaf color was studied by way of making crosses and backcrosses between IR1552 and different types of indica and japonica lines with normal green leaves.The results showed that,22 F1 hybrids including 4 reciprocal F1 hybrids were all of green leaf color,4 backcrosses(BC1F1) had all a 1∶1 segregation ratio of green to purple plants,while 8 F2 populations had two kinds of segregation ratio of green to purple plants,i.e.,13:3 or 55:9.It is concluded that the purple leaf color is controlled by one pair of dominant nuclear genes PL-PL,and there exists one pair of dominant inhibitory genes I-PL-I-PL in normal green color lines in rice.Using IR1552 as the donor of purple leaf color,some male sterile(MS) lines with purple leaves such as Guizi-1S were developed.It was found that Guizi-1S had a higher chlorophyll content and a slower decrease of it in functional leaves in late growth stage.The F1 hybrids derived from Guizi-1S showed a normal green leaf color and a normal leaf function,indicating that when transferred into MS lines the purple leaf color marker from IR1552 has not any negative effects on the MS lines and their F1 hybrids.Therefore,IR1552 would be an ideal donor for the purple leaf marker.
The Hourglass and Due Process: The Propriety of Time Limits on Civil Trials

This article argues that time limits on civil trials must comport with due process standards, including both “private” and “public” aspects of the due process clause. The article discusses a trial judge’s statutory and inherent authority to impose time limits on civil trials. The article examines the scant case law analyzing the propriety of trial time limits and focuses on two complementary themes: the near-unanimous judicial belief that limiting trial time benefits all parties interested, and the existent, but much less prevalent, judicial criticism of trial time limits. The article then outlines the contours of the due process limitation and focuses on safeguarding the rights of the litigant and maintaining confidence in our civil justice system. The article concludes by suggesting several factors that trial judges and appellate courts should use in setting trial time limits.
The Collision of City and Country

A government is nothing but a business, and you can't do business with a lot of officials, who check and cross one another and who come and go, there this year, out the next. A business man wants to do business with one man, and one who is always there to remember and carry out the – business. – Richard Croker, Tammany Hall boss T ensions had long existed between rural and urban America. The nation had been overwhelmingly rural for most of its existence, but as industrialization shifted the demographic balance toward urban areas, society grew more fragmented. As new technologies quickened the pace of change in American life, the gap between urban and rural folk widened into a chasm. Change came slowest to rural and small-town America, what historian Robert Wiebe aptly called “island communities” dominated by local elites, where people clung to familiar customs and life went on much as before with occasional but growing intrusions from the storm of change engulfing the distant cities. From this ever widening clash of values arose the cultural wars that exploded after 1880. Urban America emerged as the heart of a powerful new ethos that defined progress in material terms. The corporations made their headquarters there and new technologies first flourished there. Cities were home to the big department stores, an incredible array of shops and goods, amusements of every kind from the opera to the dance hall, a smorgasbord of restaurants offering cuisines of all kinds, an endless parade of fads and fashions, trappings of wealth beyond the wildest imaginations of rural folk, hordes of carriages filling the streets, and crowds of people scurrying along sidewalks.
Strong quantum squeezing near the pull-in instability of a nonlinear beam

Microscopic silicon-based suspended mechanical oscillators, constituting an extremely sensitive force probe, transducer, and actuator, are being increasingly employed in many developing microscopies, spectroscopies, and emerging optomechanical and chem-bio sensors. We predict a significant squeezing in the quantum state of motion of an oscillator constrained as a beam and subject to an electrically induced nonlinearity. By taking into account the quantum noise, the underlying nonlinear dynamics is investigated in both the transient and stationary regimes of the driving force leading to the finding that strongly squeezed states are accessible in the vicinity of the pull-in instability of the oscillator. We discuss a possible application of this strong quantum squeezing as an optomechanical method for detecting broad-spectrum single or low-count photons, and further suggest other novel sensing actions.
Minimally invasive first rib resection: a technique that is here to stay

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) effects approximately 8% of the population and although conservative management consisting of physiotherapy and avoidance of maneuvers that exacerbate the symptoms is usually successful, 5% of patients diagnosed with the disease will have persistent symptoms and need to undergo an operation to cure their disease. Several approaches to resect the first rib and cervical ribs have been described including the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, transaxillary, high posterior thoracoplasty incision and more recently minimally invasive video assisted techniques.
High Performance Redox Flow Batteries: An Analysis of the Upper Performance Limits of Flow Batteries Using Non-aqueous Solvents

Abstract Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for grid-scale electrochemical energy storage. In this work, we use a recently achieved high-performance flow battery performance curve as a basis to assess the maximum achievable performance of a RFB employing non-aqueous solutions as active materials. First we show high performance in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), specifically a limiting situation in which the cell losses are ohmic in nature and derive from electrolyte conductance. Based on that case, we analyze the analogous limiting behavior of non-aqueous (NA) systems using a series of calculations assuming similar ohmic losses, scaled by the relative electrolyte resistances, with a higher voltage redox couple assumed for the NA battery. The results indicate that the NA battery performance is limited by the low electrolyte conductivity to a fraction of the performance of the VRFB. Given the narrow window in which the NARFB offers advantages, even for the most generous limiting assumptions related to performance while ignoring the numerous other disadvantageous aspects of these systems, we conclude that this technology is unlikely under present circumstances to provide practical large-scale energy storage solutions.
Analytical Reduced Models for the Non-stationary Diabatic Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Geophysical boundary-layer flows feature complex dynamics that often evolve with time; however, most current knowledge centres on the steady-state problem. In these atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers, the pressure gradient, buoyancy, Coriolis, and frictional forces interact to determine the statistical moments of the flow. The resulting equations for the non-stationary mean variables, even when succinctly closed, remain challenging to handle mathematically. Here, we derive a simpler physical model that reduces these governing unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes partial differential equations into a single first-order ordinary differential equation with non-constant coefficients. The reduced model is straightforward to solve under arbitrary forcing, even when the statistical moments are non-stationary and the viscosity varies in time and space. The model is successfully validated against large-eddy simulation for, (1) time-variable pressure gradients, and (2) linearly time-variable buoyancy. The new model is shown to have a superior performance compared to the classic Blackadar solutions (and later improvements on these solutions), and it covers a much wider range of conditions.
Abstract 231: Bendavia, a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves Contraction and Relaxation of Failing Cardiomyocytes Isolated From Dogs With Chronic Heart Failure

Background: Mitochondria (MITO) of humans and dogs with heart failure (HF) manifest functional abnormalities characterized by poor respiration, reduced rate of ATP synthesis and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that adversely impact LV systolic and diastolic function. We previously showed that chronic therapy with Bendavia (BEN, MTP-131), a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, improves global LV function in dogs with HF without affecting heart rate or blood pressure. This improvement was associated with a reversal of MITO abnormalities and normalization of rate of ATP synthesis. This study tested the hypothesis that the improvement in global LV function seen in dogs with HF during treatment with BEN results primarily from enhanced function of constituent LV cardiomyocytes. Methods: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from the LV free wall of 8 untreated dogs with coronary microembolization-induced HF (LV ejection fraction Results: At baseline, the extent of cardiomyocyte shortening was 3.7 ± 0.8 μm, shortening velocity was 62.8 ± 16.9 μm /sec and lengthening velocity was -53.8 ± 16.5 μm/sec. Exposure of cardiomyocyte to BEN significantly increased the extent of cardiomyocyte shortening to 5.4 ± 1.1 μm (p Conclusions: Exposure of failing isolated cardiomyocytes to BEN elicits improvements in the rate of cardiomyocyte shortening and re-lengthening indicative of improved cell contractility and relaxation. This improvement is likely mediated by increased availability of ATP along with reduced ROS production both secondary to improved mitochondrial function elicited by treatment with BEN.
The Local Effects of Foreclosures

We exploit the staggered and discontinuous changes in interest rates among adjustable rate mortgages to identify the effects of foreclosures independently of housing prices. First, interest rate resets predict foreclosure, accounting for up to 18% of the change in foreclosures. Second, a 10% rise in foreclosures is associated with a 1.14% and 2.57% decline in non-tradables employment and hiring, respectively, accounting for up to 10% of the decline in the hiring rate between 2006-2011. Third, we introduce a new mechanism independent of housing prices whereby foreclosures reduce local optimism and raise uncertainty, thereby leading to a contraction of credit that affects hiring, especially small businesses.
Phosphorus and nitrogen recycle following algal bio-crude production via continuous hydrothermal liquefaction

Abstract Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential components of microalgal growth media. Critical to a wide range of biochemical processes, they commonly limit primary productivity. Recycling elemental phosphorus and fixed nitrogen after fuel conversion via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae biomass reduces the need for mined phosphorus and synthetic nitrogen resources. Scenedesmus obliquus DOE 0152.Z and Chlorella sorokiniana DOE1412 were used as test organisms in assessing nutrient recycle of phosphorus from filtered solids collected downstream of the HTL reactor and nitrogen collected from the aqueous phase after gravimetric biocrude separation. Maximum specific growth rates were measured in growth media using HTL waste as the sole source of either phosphorus or nitrogen and were compared to an algal growth medium control (BG-11). The maximum specific growth rate of both organisms in the recycled phosphorus medium were nearly identical to rates observed in the control medium. Both organisms showed significantly reduced growth rates in the recycled nitrogen medium. C. sorokiniana DOE1412 adapted after several days of exposure whereas S. obliquus DOE0152.Z exhibited poor adaptability to the recycled nitrogen medium. After adaptation, growth rates observed with C. sorokiniana DOE1412 in the recycled nitrogen medium were 3.02 (± 0.13) day − 1 , 89% of the control medium (3.40 ± 0.21). We further tested maximum specific growth rates of C. sorokiniana DOE1412 in a medium derived entirely from HTL byproducts, completely replacing all components including nitrogen and phosphorus. In this medium we observed rates of 2.70 ± 0.05 day − 1 , 79% of the control. Adding trace metals to this recycled medium improved growth rates significantly to 3.10 ± 0.10, 91% of the control, indicating a critical element is lost in the conversion process. Recycling elemental resources such as phosphorus and nitrogen from the HTL biofuel conversion process can provide a significant reduction in media cost and improves the prospects for industrial scale, algae-based biofuels.
Nonlinear Feature Space Transformation to Improve the Prediction of MCI to AD Conversion

Accurate identification of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) at high risk for conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) offers an opportunity to target the disease process early. In this paper, we present a novel nonlinear feature transformation scheme to improve the prediction of MCI-AD conversion through semi-supervised learning. Utilizing Laplacian SVM (LapSVM) as a host classifier, the proposed method learns a smooth spatially varying transformation that makes the input data more linearly separable. Our approach has a broad applicability to boost the classification performance of many other semi-supervised learning solutions. Using baseline MR images from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed semi-supervised framework and demonstrate the improvements over the state-of-the-art solutions within the same category.
Steering with light: indexable photomotility in liquid crystalline polymers

Harnessing light to achieve manipulation and motility in meso and mm-scale systems offers the ability to remotely trigger actuation without requiring on-board power. Central to achieving macroscopic photomotility is the generation of asymmetric interaction between the light-responsive actuator and a substrate. Here, we demonstrate a facile route for achieving indexable, stepped translation of structures fabricated from azobenzene-functionalize liquid crystalline polymers (ALCP). The symmetry breaking in the dynamics of coiling (during irradiation) and uncoiling (when the light is turned off) as a function of the director orientation in splayed ALCP strips leads to asymmetric reaction forces in the interaction with a surface. The broken symmetry leads to directional translation of the center of mass in discrete steps for each on/off cycle of irradiation. Creating composite structures offers a route for hard-coding the trajectories of motility across a range of trajectories that are either rectilinear or curvilinear. Expanding this approach can offer a framework for achieving steerable light-powered microrobots that can translate on arbitrary surface topographies.
The RNA binding protein Ars2 supports hematopoiesis at multiple levels.

Recent biochemical characterization of arsenic resistance protein 2 (Ars2) has established it as central in determining the fate of nascent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase II (RNAPII) transcripts. Through interactions with the nuclear 5′-7-methylguanosine cap-binding complex, Ars2 promotes cotranscriptional processing coupled with nuclear export or degradation of several classes of RNAPII transcripts, allowing for gene expression programs that facilitate rapid and sustained proliferation of immortalized cells in culture. However, rapidly dividing cells in culture do not represent the physiological condition of the vast majority of cells in an adult mammal. To examine functions of Ars2 in a physiological setting, we generated inducible Ars2 knockout mice and found that deletion of Ars2 from adult mice resulted in defective hematopoiesis in bone marrow and thymus. Importantly, only some of this defect could be explained by the requirement of Ars2 for rapid proliferation, which we found to be cell-type specific in vivo. Rather, Ars2 was required for survival of developing thymocytes and for limiting differentiation of bone marrow resident long-term hematopoietic stem cells. As a result, Ars2 knockout led to rapid thymic involution and loss of the ability of mice to regenerate peripheral blood after myeloablation. These in vivo data demonstrate that Ars2 expression is important at several steps of hematopoiesis, likely because Ars2 acts on gene expression programs underlying essential cell fate decisions such as the decision to die,proliferate, or differentiate.
Factors Associated With Treatment of Clinical Stage I Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer: A Population-based Analysis.

Abstract Background The present study examined clinical stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in the population-based California Cancer Registry. Patients and Methods The characteristics associated with first clinical stage I NSCLC treatment (surgery, radiation, no local therapy) from 2003 to 2014 were identified using logistic regression. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results Surgery was used in most patients who met the inclusion criteria (14,545 of 19,893; 73.1%), although relatively similar numbers had undergone radiation (n = 2848; 14.3%) or not received therapy (n = 2500; 12.6%). Surgery use ranged from 68.5% to 77.2% patients annually. The percentage of patients with no therapy decreased from 18.1% (315 of 1737) in 2003 to 10.3% (176 of 1703) in 2014, and radiation use increased from 10.7% (185 of 1737) in 2003 to 21.2% (361 of 1703) in 2014. Patients who did not receive therapy were more likely to be older, not white, male, and unmarried, to have no insurance or public insurance other than Medicare, to live in a lower socioeconomic status neighborhood, to have been seen at a non–National Cancer Institute cancer center hospital or hospital serving lower socioeconomic status patients, and to have larger tumors. The 5-year all-cause survival after no therapy (12.7%) was significantly worse than that after surgery (64.9%) or radiation (21.5%; P Conclusion In the present population-based analysis, surgery was the most common treatment for clinical stage I NSCLC but was not used for almost 27% of patients. Radiation use increased and the proportion of patients who did not receive any therapy decreased over time.
Diagnosing the severe headache.

A patient's medical history, age of onset, location of pain, pain characteristics, pain chronology, as sociated signs and symptoms, and signs of neurologic dysfunction are all important considerations in making a diagnosis. The International Headache Society has developed a thorough classification system to aid in the diagnosis of headache, which includes primary disorders of migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache, as well as secondary, organic disorders
The Unique Human Capacity for Emotional Awareness: Psychological, Neuroanatomical, Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives

We propose that the ability to be consciously aware of one’s own and others’ emotions is a unique human capacity. Emotion may be divided into implicit (visceromotor and somatomotor) and explicit (conscious feeling and reflective awareness) components. Based on a brain model of implicit and explicit emotional processing and an evolutionary perspective on the frontal lobe and human cognition, it is proposed that human emotion has a visceromotor and somatomotor foundation that is likely shared with other mammals. What may be unique to human cognition is the ability to engage in shared intensions and collaborative activities, which includes a species-unique motivation to share emotions, experiences and activities with other persons. The capacity for shared emotional experiences (knowing that you and the other person are experiencing the same feelings) likely requires mediation by a mentalizing network that includes the medial prefrontal cortex. We review evidence that humans appear to be unique in being able to reflect upon their own emotions, to generate a complex range of differentiated experiences, to appreciate complexity in the emotional experiences of other people, and to intentionally and knowingly share emotional experiences with other people. However, individual differences in this capacity among people are considerable. Although emotional awareness promotes self-regulation and adapative social behavior, impairments in this function can lead to social isolation, mental illness and adverse physical health consequences. We propose that the unique human ability to be emotionally aware requires mediation by the medial prefrontal cortex (BA10), a structure that is far more developed in humans than in other species, but also requires advantageous ontogenetic experiences. Such experiences include a particular type of mentalizing (accurate cognitive empathy) by parents and other caretakers, mediated in part by this same medial prefrontal cortical structure, in order for the full function of this capacity to be realized.
Goals of care and advanced care planning in phase I trials.

80Background: Cancer patients participating in phase 1 clinical trials often represent a population with advanced disease, symptoms and QOL impact from disease and treatment. This analysis was cond...
Using Arabidopsis Mesophyll Protoplasts to Study Unfolded Protein Response Signaling

Various environmental stresses or artificial reagents can trigger unfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to the folding capacity of the ER being exceeded. This is termed ER stress, and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Assays for activation of the UPR in plants include Tunicamycin (Tm)- or dithiothreitol (DTT)-mediated root growth inhibition, analysis of splicing of the UPR-responsive transcription factor bZIP60 (basic Leucine Zipper Domain 60), and upregulation of relevant UPR genes. We provide here a quick and robust method to detect UPR signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. This assay can also be applied to other plant species for which protoplasts can be isolated.
A nonlinear least squares framework for periodic grating identification with a high–order perturbation of surfaces implementation

Abstract The scattering of linear electromagnetic waves by a layered structure is a central model in many problems of engineering interest. In this contribution, we focus on the interaction of visible and near–visible radiation with periodic structures on the micron or nanometer scales which are relevant for many applications in nanoplasmonics. The fabrication of such structures is extremely difficult and costly, and even the most sophisticated laboratories have difficulty measuring the dimensions of gratings they have constructed. We present a new, extremely rapid and robust, identification algorithm for providing precisely this information. It is built upon a Nonlinear Least Squares framework, and implemented with a High–Order Perturbation of Surfaces methodology which is orders of magnitude faster than volumetric solvers, while outperforming surface methods (such as Boundary Integral Methods) for the geometries we consider here. In addition to a full derivation and specification of the algorithm, we also support our claims with a number of illustrative simulations.
Anti-spoofing's state-of-the-art: deep learning meets super sensors

In the 1968 SciFi movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000 famously says: “I can tell from your voice harmonics, Dave, that you're badly upset. Why don't you take a stress pill and get some rest?”. HAL (an acronym for Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer) has recognised Dave, analysed his speech and determined his mood. It's amazing – but only by 1960s standards in which Space Odyssey was a fiction movie. Fast forward five decades, and nothing that HAL did is fiction any more, thanks to major advances in sensing and artificial intelligence technologies.
The Association between Frailty and Uncorrected Refractive Error in Older Adults.

Purpose: Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is the leading cause of impaired vision in older adults and has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Here, we investigate the association betwee...
Crystal structure of an Escherichia coli Hfq Core (residues 2-69)-DNA complex reveals multifunctional nucleic acid binding sites.

Hfq regulates bacterial gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding small RNAs and their target mRNAs, facilitating sRNA-mRNA annealing, typically resulting in translation inhibition and RNA turnover. Hfq is also found in the nucleoid and binds double-stranded (ds) DNA with a slight preference for A-tracts. Here, we present the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli Hfq Core bound to a 30 bp DNA, containing three 6 bp A-tracts. Although previously postulated to bind to the 'distal' face, three statistically disordered double stranded DNA molecules bind across the proximal face of the Hfq hexamer as parallel, straight rods with B-DNA like conformational properties. One DNA duplex spans the diameter of the hexamer and passes over the uridine-binding proximal-face pore, whereas the remaining DNA duplexes interact with the rims and serve as bridges between adjacent hexamers. Binding is sequence-independent with residues N13, R16, R17 and Q41 interacting exclusively with the DNA backbone. Atomic force microscopy data support the sequence-independent nature of the Hfq-DNA interaction and a role for Hfq in DNA compaction and nucleoid architecture. Our structure and nucleic acid-binding studies also provide insight into the mechanism of sequence-independent binding of Hfq to dsRNA stems, a function that is critical for proper riboregulation.
The Value of $600 Across States Hit Hardest by COVID-19

The CARES act provides an extra $600 per week in unemployment benefits, but the purchasing power of those dollars varies across states, raising the question of whether the equal distribution of $600 across states is an equitable distribution.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bacteriuria and subsequent bacteremia: A population-based study.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bacteriuria and to determine whether urinary catheters increase the risk of subsequent CRE bacteremia. Design: Using active population- and laboratory-based surveillance we described a cohort of patients with incident CRE bacteriuria and identified risk factors for developing CRE bacteremia within 1 year. Setting: The study was conducted among the 8 counties of Georgia Health District 3 (HD3) in Atlanta, Georgia. Patients: Residents of HD3 with CRE first identified in urine between 2012 and 2017. Results: We identified 464 patients with CRE bacteriuria (mean yearly incidence, 1.96 cases per 100,000 population). Of 425 with chart review, most had a urinary catheter (56%), and many resided in long-term care facilities (48%), had a Charlson comorbidity index >3 (38%) or a decubitus ulcer (37%). 21 patients (5%) developed CRE bacteremia with the same organism within 1 year. Risk factors for subsequent bacteremia included presence of a urinary catheter (odds ratio [OR], 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–34.9), central venous catheter (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.7–10.6) or another indwelling device (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6–11.4), urine culture obtained as an inpatient (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.3–25.9), and being in the ICU in the week prior to urine culture (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.8). In a multivariable analysis, urinary catheter increased the risk of CRE bacteremia (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.2–23.6). Conclusions: In patients with CRE bacteriuria, urinary catheters increase the risk of CRE bacteremia. Future interventions should aim to reduce inappropriate insertion and early removal of urinary catheters.
Tiered Model of Nurse Staffing for Critical Care and Emergency Departments in the Wake of a Pandemic.

AIM: To identify strategies that increase hospital bed capacity, material resources, and available nurse staffing during a national pandemic. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an influx of acutely ill patients requiring critical care. The volume and acuity of this patient population increased the demand for care and stretched hospitals beyond their capacity. While increasing hospital bed capacity and material resources are crucial, healthcare systems have noted one of the greatest limitations to rapid expansion has been the number of available medical personnel, particularly those trained in emergency and critical care nursing. EVALUATION: Program evaluation occurred on a daily basis with hospital throughput, focusing on logistics including our ability to expand bed volume, resource utilization, and the ability to meet staffing needs. CONCLUSION: This article describes how a quaternary care hospital in New York City prepared for the COVID-19 surge in patients by maximizing and shifting nursing resources to its most impacted services, the emergency department (ED) and the intensive care units (ICUs). A tier-based staffing model and rapid training were operationalized to address nurse-staffing shortages in the ICU and ED, identifying key factors for swift deployment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGERS: Frequent communication between staff and leaders improves teamwork and builds trust and buy-in during normal operations and particularly in times of crisis.
Multimodal strategies for balancing formality and informality: The role of kaomoji in online comment-reply interactions

Abstract This paper investigates multimodal strategies for balancing formality and informality online. The analysis of 300 comment-reply interactions on a recipe sharing site in Japan demonstrates that writers tend to avoid being overly formal or informal in their messages. For example, most comments and replies are written in polite forms but many incorporate some plain forms and colloquial expressions. Linguistic features, however, are not the only way through which the writers manage an appropriate level of formality and informality. The study examines the role of kaomoji or Japanese-style emoticons for socio-relational work online. Some kaomoji function locally as cues for interpreting the sentences featuring kaomoji. All kaomoji, including those with local functions, work to enhance the social presence of the writers on the screen via pictographic gaze and gestures, which increases the perception of intimate rapport. The findings underscore the importance of a multimodal perspective in examining how people handle social relationships online.
Single-Session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Interventions for Patients with Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Rationale Chronic health conditions (CHCs) are costly and difficult to manage. Patients often struggle with behavioral adherence to complex treatment regimens and experience psychiatric distress. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a transdiagnostic behavioral approach that aims to improve functioning and quality of life (QoL), which are important treatment outcomes for this population. Preliminary efficacy of multi-session ACT in patients with CHCs has been demonstrated, and single-session ACT interventions have since been developed to increase feasibility, acceptability, and accessibility. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the literature on single-session ACT intervention studies in CHC populations with regards to (1) study design and methodology, (2) patient characteristics and conditions targeted, and (3) efficacy for outcomes across various domains, using narrative and quantitative methods. Methods PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were systematically searched in August 2020. Studies of single-session ACT interventions in adult patients with CHCs that reported quantitative outcomes in any of the following domains were included: (a) functioning and related domains (e.g., disability, QoL, well-being); (b) mental health; (c) physical health; (d) ACT processes. Both controlled and uncontrolled studies were included. Study quality was assessed using the Psychotherapy Outcome Study Methodology Rating Scale (POMRF). Between-group random effects meta-analysis was conducted on general functioning outcomes. Results Fourteen manuscripts reporting outcomes from 13 studies (N = 793) met inclusion criteria. Ten studies were identified by their authors as pilot or feasibility trials. Eight studies used comparison or control groups. Twelve studies delivered the ACT content in workshop format. Studies recruited for a variety of conditions. Narrative review found that between- and within-group effect sizes showed generally positive results favoring single-session ACT overall (69%), especially for measures of functioning and related domains (88%), mental health (67%), and ACT processes (73%). Meta-analysis found that ACT did not significantly outperform comparison groups on measures of general functioning (Hedges’ g: −0.51, 95% confidence interval: [-1.19, 0.16]; I2 = 86%; K = 5) despite a medium-sized pooled effect. Discussion Use of single-session ACT interventions in CHC populations is an emergent field. There is preliminary evidence for the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of these interventions, which provides support for further testing in fully-powered RCTs. Additional RCTs will enable larger meta-analyses and stronger conclusions about efficacy. Recommendations for future trials are provided.
Temperamental Shyness and Anger/Frustration in Childhood: Normative Development, Individual Differences, and the Impacts of Maternal Intrusiveness and Frontal Electroencephalogram Asymmetry.

This study used latent growth curve modeling to identify normative development and individual differences in the developmental patterns of shyness and anger/frustration across childhood. This study also examined the impacts of maternal intrusiveness and frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry at age 4 on the developmental patterns of shyness and anger/frustration. 180 children (92 boys, 88 girls; Mage = 4.07 years at baseline; 75.6% White, 18.3% Black, 6.1% multiracial/other) participated in the study. Normative development included significant linear decreases in shyness and anger/frustration. Individual variation existed in the developmental patterns. Children with left frontal EEG asymmetry showed a faster decreasing pattern of shyness. Children who experienced higher maternal intrusiveness and had left frontal EEG asymmetry showed a slower decreasing pattern of anger/frustration.
“I took it off most of the time 'cause I felt comfortable”: unmasking, trusted others, and lessons learned from a coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection: a case report

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection prevalence is unknown. It is essential to understand reinfection symptoms and, importantly, the lived experience. Case presentation Case study design is the best method for understanding this contemporary pandemic and rare occurrence of reinfections. A 19-year-old White Non-Hispanic woman presented with presumed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection 6 weeks after initially mild symptomatic infection and consistent repeat negative results. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from saliva was used for detection. Twice-weekly saliva samples were collected (a) before initial infection, (b) resumed on day 10 after initial infection until reinfection was detected, and (c) resumed on day 10 post-reinfection. A 1.5-hour virtual interview was conducted, transcribed, and independently analyzed by two researchers. Four themes emerged: (1) perceived invincibility or inevitability and subsequent immunity increases risk of transmission via inconsistent preventive behaviors; (2) normalcy desires, trusted others, and implicit social pressures to not wear masks and distance increase one's coronavirus disease 2019 risk; (3) physical symptoms are more severe with reinfection compared with first infection; and (4) mental health sequelae (trauma and stigma) are more severe and enduring than physical health outcomes. Conclusions Unmasked social interactions contradicting public health recommendations were rationalized by social circle members with heavy reliance on feeling asymptomatic, lacking a positive test (testing negative or not testing), or attributing symptoms to allergies. Stigma of testing positive and consequences of not conforming to social group behaviors is overwhelming and creates pressure to take risks. This case study provides insights and lessons learned relevant for public health messaging and continued preventive behaviors.
Technology Impacts on California Car and Truck Fuel Demand

This paper presents forecasts of future California car and truck fuel demand based on projected economic, demographic, and technologic variables. Vehicle stocks and sales are predicted based on changes of these variables. The paper presents several different cases of market-induced, technical fuel economy improvements. Increased fuel efficiency is projected to reduce fuel demand despite growth in income, population, and vehicle miles traveled. Implementation of relatively inexpensive, past-1985 fuel economy improvements is forecast to reduce 2002 fuel demand 9 percent from 1982 levels, assuming a fuel price escalation rate of 3 percent above inflation. An additional 7 percent reduction appears feasible through refinements in existing technology.
Cholesterol Distribution in Golgi, Lysosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Insight into the effect of exogeneously derived lipoprotein cholesterol on distribution of intracellular membrane cholesterol has been gained from structural studies on normal and Niemann Pick Type C human fibroblasts. Endocytic uptake of LDL enriches Golgi cholesterol in both normal and NPC cells. However, the NPC mutation and treatment of normal cells with progesterone during LDL uptake produces abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes and trans Golgi cisternae. This lysosomal/Golgi block in cholesterol trafficking results in the inability of endocytosed cholesterol to induce cellular homestatic responses. In addition to lysosomes and Golgi the endoplasmic reticulum can also be a site along the intracellular cholesterol transport pathway that becomes a temporary depot for cholesterol. Specific inhibition of acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase with S-58035 during endocytic uptake results in a reversable accumulation of cholesterol in membranes of ER. Thus the ER, normally low in intracellular cholesterol, has the capacity to act as a sink for endocytosed cholesterol when esterification is blocked. In contrast to the lysosomal/Golgi cholesterol sequestration, ER accumulation of cholesterol does not compromise but appears to enhance the induction of cellular homeostatic responses.
Self, Psychology of

Social psychology of self is the study of structures and processes through which people know and evaluate themselves, present themselves to others, and exert control. Keywords: self esteem; self concept; self regulation
Wind Measurements from Arc Scans with Doppler Wind Lidar

AbstractDefining optimal scanning geometries for scanning lidars for wind energy applications remains an active field of research. This paper evaluates uncertainties associated with arc scan geometries and presents recommendations regarding optimal configurations in the atmospheric boundary layer. The analysis is based on arc scan data from a Doppler wind lidar with one elevation angle and seven azimuth angles spanning 30° and focuses on an estimation of 10-min mean wind speed and direction. When flow is horizontally uniform, this approach can provide accurate wind measurements required for wind resource assessments in part because of its high resampling rate. Retrieved wind velocities at a single range gate exhibit good correlation to data from a sonic anemometer on a nearby meteorological tower, and vertical profiles of horizontal wind speed, though derived from range gates located on a conical surface, match those measured by mast-mounted cup anemometers. Uncertainties in the retrieved wind velocity ar...
Hacia una psicología socialcomunitaria

Resumen en: Either as a function of the crises in social psychology or as function of the needs for relevance in the area, contemporary social psychology is seen a...
Querying with Intrinsic Preferences

The handling of user preferences is becoming an increasingly important issue in present-day information systems. Among others, preferences are used for information filtering and extraction to reduce the volume of data presented to the user. They are also used to keep track of user profiles and formulate policies to improve and automate decision making. We propose a logical framework for formulating preferences and its embedding into relational query languages. The framework is simple, and entirely neutral with respect to the properties of preferences. It makes it possible to formulate different kinds of preferences and to use preferences in querying databases. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework through numerous examples.
Untuned MPI relaxometer for nanoparticle characterization at arbitrary frequencies

MPI resolution and SNR are driven by the magnetic response of the iron oxide nanoparticles. Prior work has shown that magnetic nanoparticles respond differently to a wide range of excitation frequencies and amplitudes. Most prior work on MPI spectrometers and relaxometers have tuned the transmit coil at a single frequency.1-3 In contrast, in this work, we have constructed an agile frequency and amplitude relaxometer capable of reaching excitation fields of 0–60 mTpp across a continuous frequency range of DC-150 kHz without requirement of capacitors for tuning to discrete frequencies.
Psychophysical study of numbers

Two experiments were conducted to study the number biases of subjects in situations not involving the usual psychophysical stimuli. In Exp. I subjects were asked to generate numbers (within boundary conditions) they thought other people would produce under the same conditions. In Exp. II only a single lower boundary (e.g., 1,10 or 100) was employed and subjects generated a set of numbers larger than the boundary. Results suggested that definite number biases exist. Multiples of 1, 10, 100 and to a lesser extent 5, 50 and 500 dominate and are appropriate to the log cycle. That is, multiples of 1 occur most often in the cycle 1–10, multiples of 10 in the cycle 10–100, etc. The implications of these results are noted for several psychophysical theories.
Alcohol and Extract

The alcohol content of a wine influences its stability as well as sensory properties. Wines are taxed, in large part, based on their alcohol levels. Careful monitoring of alcohol is important in stylistic wine production as well as in carrying out accurate fortifications, and in formulation of blends for bottling.
Lanczos-type potentials in non-Abelian gauge theories

Here we investigate a variational approach for obtaining a potential structure for non-Abelian gauge theories by introducing identically satisfied constraints in a variational principle which is based on one that is identically satisfied. This technique for finding potentials for field theories was used by Lanczos (1962) to find his so-called thirdorder «spin» tensor in the context of Einstein's gravitational theory. In the case of general non-Abelian gauge theories, it is found that the Lanczos-type potentials are related to the usual potentials by generalized gauge transformations. This method is applied in the context ofSO3 (orSU2) gauge theory as well as Einstein and Einstein-Cartan gravitational theories. Various recent attempts to formulate gauge theories of gravity based on the Poincare group are discussed. An application of the results of this paper shows that a mixed form of the Ricci coefficients of rotation can be used to display the gauge structure of the space-time curvature in essential agreement with the results of Hehlet al.
Comparing hospital and patient demographics of adolescent versus adult patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty

Objective: Widening surgical indications and advances in technology have facilitated an increased number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures among the adolescent population. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of inpatient and hospital demographics of adolescent THA patients as well as to compare these demographics with that of their more prevalent adult counterparts. Methods: Data from the Kids’ Inpatient Database and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1997-2009 with a total of 1,652 adolescent and 603,968 adult THA patients were analyzed. Results: Trends among the adolescent THA population included significant increases in procedures, total charges, and complication rates, while length of stay significantly decreased. Conclusions: The comparison between adult and adolescent demographics found differences in diagnosis, ethnicity, insurance type, discharge status, and total charges.
EXPANSION METHODS AND SCALING LIMITS ABOVE CRITICAL DIMENSIONS

In this paper, we give a unied approach to various forms of high temperature expansions. The variants of expansion include Mayer\'s expansion, cluster expansion and lace expansion. We also give a brief summary of applications of lace expansion to scaling limits of self-avoiding random walks, lattice trees and percolation above their critical dimensions.
Deployable origami Yagi loop antenna

A Yagi loop antenna, which is built on an origami spring structure, is presented here. The Yagi loop array can be compressed to 5 cm length by a servo motor which can reduce nearly 70% of the volume of the array. The antenna's body is 20.5 cm long when it is expanded to the working state. The physical parameters of the antenna such as loop's radius and distances between loops are analyzed. The antenna is designed to work at 1.31 GHz. A directional realized gain of 10.4 dBi is observed. The measurements agree well with the designed simulation model.