Una revisión de los escenarios actuales de América Latina

Latin America has changed a lot. What progress has there been in the last ten years of structural changes? While in Spain, and Europe in general, we have experienced a crisis lasting and absorbent, that region has seen to evolve their economic models, seen seated political processes and democratic forms and utlimo it has initiated cultural changes in the context of an increasingly global and globalized world and a time of transformation and crisis of the international system. To the lack of interest of the United States and the failure of Spanish foreign policy, has come to talk about Latin America as one of the protagonists of the “rise of the South”. At this time, we want to take stock of the process and its results. Our magazine offers a global and committed interpretation: Latin America has not been able to capitalize on this extraordinary time, neither in nor in the political, economic and ﬁnally also the international crisis – of which will ask us what have been its effects on that continent – to us, Spain, Europe and United States came from 2007 has affected him. In this assessment, we do not want to ignore the actual achievements in complex and geographically different scenarios. On the political stage, seated once without discussion democracy, although this suffer crisis and questions precisely in some countries of the Latin American sub– continent, we are interested in analyzing the changes brought about by the left–wing governments; on the other hand, economic changes, within the international context, are also part of our analysis, as well as the failure of structural adjustment policies, also unsuccessful reduction of inequalities and the pending consolidation of income redistribution programs. Other issues that do not have trestar Hemso attention, such as violence, insecurity, and the cost of environmental economic policies, also form part of this new model, as well as Latin America policy fragmentation and consolidation of some blocks in the context in which is formulated, successful or confusingly, the new Latin American “regionalism”: the possibilities and limits of a Latin American development model both in its economic base, and the construction of alternative democratic models (which we propose three sketches). Democracy in Latin America, apart from the critical discourse, remains a reality incomplete and vulnerable, with a weak party system, in which the confrontation between the State and the market is still very much alive: after years of economic growth does not seem to have been consolidated a broad middle class, hold necessary and almost forced all democratic settlement. The editorial suggests, as ﬁnal opening, the opportunity, and even the necessity, of rethinking Latin America already not as homogeneous reality, to get into subregional analyses that do more justice to a plural reality. To broaden this debate we should also include the question of the identity of Latin America from the current perspective of–colonial or post–colonial discourse, as well as the relationship between diversity, indigenism and miscegenation. The question that underlies our reﬂection revolves around the ability of Latin America to build its own development model. Expectations of ten years do not seem to have been conﬁrmed. Still having questions unanswered: would have improved the foundations of its relations with other key partners?, what happened with the project of a Development Bank for the emerging countries (known as “BRICS”)? In short, for Latin America the central question today is still regionalism opened as a model of development for the next years.