cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A family of herringbone patterns in thin films

Upon cooling, a thin metal film deposited on compliant elastomer substrate undergoes equi-biaxial compression and begins to buckle at a critical stress. As further cooling occurs, a highly ordered herringbone pattern self-assembles. The preference for the herringbone pattern over other potential modes is demonstrated based on minimum energy arguments. Control of the pre-buckling in-plane stress components may be one way to influence the pattern formation, possibly giving rise to a family of unbalanced herringbone modes that links one-dimensional modes with the balanced herringbone mode.
Built-in self-test (BIST) structures for analog circuit fault diagnosis with current test data

In order to increase the number of test points, while still keeping low pin overhead, a built-in self-test (BIST) structure has been proposed for analog circuit fault diagnosis with voltage test data. The authors present alternative BIST structures for fault diagnosis with current test data using current copiers. The current copiers make a practically identical copy of the current without the need of well-matched components. Thus the proposed BIST structure requires less chip area. The proposed structure allows simultaneous sampling of current test data at various test points and shifting of the data to the output portion for fault diagnosis. Results have also shown that the proposed BIST structure is fully testable. >
Topiramate-Induced Cough in Migraine Prophylaxis

Three adults who developed intractable cough during topiramate prophylaxis of migraine are reported from the University of Padua and other centers in Italy.
Assessment of Factors Contributing to Health Outcomes in the Eight States of the Mississippi Delta Region

Introduction The objective of this observational study was to examine the key contributors to health outcomes and to better understand the health disparities between Delta and non-Delta counties in 8 states in the Mississippi River Delta Region. We hypothesized that a unique set of contributors to health outcomes in the Delta counties could explain the disparities between Delta and non-Delta counties. Methods Data were from the 2014 County Health Rankings for counties in 8 states (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee). We used the Delta Regional Authority definition to identify the 252 Delta counties and 468 non-Delta counties or county equivalents. Information on health factors (eg, health behaviors, clinical care) and outcomes (eg, mortality) were derived from 38 measures from the 2014 County Health Rankings. The contributions of health factors to health outcomes in Delta and non-Delta counties were examined using path analysis. Results We found similarities between Delta counties and non-Delta counties in the health factors (eg, tobacco use, diet and exercise) that significantly predicted the health outcomes of self-rated health and low birthweight. The most variation was seen in predictors of mortality; however, Delta counties shared 2 of the 3 significant predictors (ie, community safety and income) of mortality with non-Delta counties. On average across all measures, values in the Delta were 16% worse than in the non-Delta and 22% worse than in the rest of the United States. Conclusion The health status of Delta counties is poorer than that of non-Delta counties because the health factors that contribute to health outcomes in the entire region are worse in the Delta counties, not because of a unique set of health predictors.
P2-S9.14 A qualitative, longitudinal study of post-diagnosis reactions among HSV-2 serologic positive women

Background Herpes simplex virus type 2, the main cause of genital herpes, is found worldwide among populations. US National seroprevalence is estimated at 16.2%, with highest rates among women (20.9%) & non-Hispanic blacks (39.2%). Medical consequences of HSV-2 infection includes a two- to five-fold increased risk for HIV 1 transmission & neonatal herpes. The advent of type-specific HSV serologic tests offers accurate methods of diagnosis for those who are asymptomatic. However, diagnosis of HSV-2 has been noted to be distressing for those who are asymptomatic & unaware of infection. The purpose of this study is to understand social & emotional impact of HSV-2 serodiagnosis on asymptomatic women over time. Methods Purposeful sampling was conducted & 28 women, newly diagnosed as HSV-2 serologic positive & asymptomatic, were recruited from a Midwestern STD clinic & urban community court. A series of three open-ended interviews were conducted over 6-month period. Interviews were audio recorded & transcribed. Important areas explored: emotional & social responses to diagnosis; motivations for (non) disclosure of HSV-2 status; exploration of sexual behaviour post-diagnosis; use of condoms & suppressive therapy. Qualitative analysis was done using manual coding. Results Age of participants ranged from 19 to 61 yrs. Majority were African-American (71%) with 21% white. No participants reported knowledge of HSV-2 status at diagnosis. Five themes emerged during analysis of first interviews: rumination & disclosure anxiety; knowledge deficit anxiety; stigmatisation & alteration in self-concept; fear/apprehension regarding future; impact on sexuality & partnering. With analysis of 6-month interviews there was an iteration of two themes--alteration in self-concept & impact on sexuality & partnering. Of 23 participants who completed three interviews-22% had no plans for sex after diagnosis, 39% never disclosed HSV-2 status to partners & 56% never used suppressive therapy. Conclusions Findings suggest that despite increased public information related to HSV-2, initial diagnosis remains traumatic, & for a small percentage anxiety lingers for at least 6 months. Providers should be aware of need for written information targeted to non-clinicians & that further follow-up should be initiated after diagnosis to reinforce learning, clarify concerns, counsel & support. Providers should plan additional time for client integration of diagnosis, implications & questions.
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN HUMAN LEUKEMIC PLASMA.

SummaryDifferential and zonal ultracentrifugation followed by brief ether exposure or by isopycnic banding in CsCl, has yielded virus-like particles from the plasma of 8 leukemic patients. In electron microscopic examinations, two morphologically different particles were observed, designated “R” and “Q.” In 18 controls, no “R” particles were found, but in one control “Q”-like particles were observed. The density of the particles is the same in all instances.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Management of Bone Loss

Bone loss is a common problem in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The potential causes of bone loss are numerous, including osteolysis, septic loosening, direct mechanical bone loss, stress shielding, or iatrogenic from implant removal. Each revision TKA presents a unique challenge, depending on the magnitude of bony deficiency and the combination of etiologies. Preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of bone deficiency can predict the options for reconstruction. In the management of bone loss in revision TKA, it is imperative to consider not only the defect size and the extent of metaphyseal involvement but also patient demographics, including age, BMI, activity level, and life expectancy. The armamentarium of available treatment options is broad and includes polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with or without reinforcing screws; morselized or structural allograft; modular TKA systems including stems, wedges, and metal augments; and orthopedic salvage systems such as mega- or tumor prostheses. While morselized allograft is a suitable option for smaller, contained defects, use of allograft has inherent disadvantages, including risk of disease transmission, late resorption, and fracture/nonunion in the case of bulk allografts. The introduction of ultraporous metal augments and cones offers additional options to address structural defects in revision TKA, even in the face of metaphyseal compromise. Each revision is unique, and the degree of bone loss can be widely variable, making a strict treatment algorithm often impractical. Hence, proper treatment of bone loss entails understanding the multitude of management options in addition to the defect and patient being treated.
Perceived Group Competition and Charitable Giving: Racial Prejudice Affect as a Mediating Factor

Extending Blumer’s group position theory into the domain of civic engagement, the present study identifies an intergroup social-psychological attitude linked to charitable giving: perceived immigra...
Results of a pilot screening programme for genital and extragenital gonococcal and chlamydial infections in a military population following the repeal of 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'.

In the care of the active duty HIV-positive population, there has been a shift in evaluation and data with the Department of Defense repeal of the ‘don't ask, don't tell’ (DADT) policy in September 2011.1 DADT allowed homosexual persons to serve in the military, but made it unlawful for service members to be asked about their orientation or for them to reveal their orientation. This policy made it difficult to screen for asymptomatic rectal and pharyngeal STIs. Since the repeal, service members are now able to reveal their sexual orientation without concern for repercussion. Since September 2011, additional nucleic acid amplification test based screening of rectal and pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG)/ Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was offered to patients at their biannual visits to the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Infectious Disease Clinic. We performed retrospective analysis to …
Unha espía no Reino de Galicia de Manuel Rivas: O humor e a construción da identidade nacional galega

Este estudo analiza como Manuel Rivas aproveita a ambiguidade do concepto de estereotipo para crear una identidade cultural galega. En Unha espia no Reino de Galicia (2004), Rivas propon que a imaxe parodica do galego e o conxunto de trazos estereotipados que se lle asignan non son un elemento alleo a cultura galega, senon que e un trazo integral da dialectica da sua identidade nacional. Desta maneira, o feito diferencial galego, ademais da lingua, a unidade territorial, o celtismo, ou a emigracion, haberia que engadir a capacidade do galego de parodiar o seu propio discurso nacional.
Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Baise City from 1996 to 2013

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 1996 to 2013 in Baise City,and provide the evidence for further control and elimination of measles. Methods The epidemiological characteristic of measles in Baise City was analyzed with description epidemiological methods by using the data recorded in the measles surveillance system(MSS) from 1996 to 2013. Results The overall incidence rate of measles in Baise showed a trend of decline in the period and the incidence rate in 2011 decreased to zero. After 2008 the outbreak peak of each year postponed 2-3 months and the onset group was dominated by 1-14 years-old children.While in the outbreaks of 2013, higher onset proportions in the groups of 1 year-old and 15 year-old with non-immunization were recorded, the age distribution in onset cases had a trend of bi-directional displacements. In the cases aged 8 months to 14 years the proportion of unknown immunization or non-immunization persons was61.59%. Conclusion Having not enough MV immunization is a major cause of measles outbreak. In recent years,enhanced immunization measures are effective. We should further improve the coverage of measles vaccine to 95%,and improve the quality of monitoring and the early warning and infection control in hospitals.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disorders in Diabetes

The clinical correlations linking diabetes mellitus with accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and increased post-myocardial infarction fatality rates are increasingly understood in mechanistic terms. The multiple mechanisms discussed in this review seem to share a common element: prolonged increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in diabetic cardiovascular cells. Intracellular hyperglycemia causes excessive ROS production. This activates nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which inhibits GAPDH, shunting early glycolytic intermediates into pathogenic signaling pathways. ROS and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase also reduce sirtuin, PGC-1α, and AMP-activated protein kinase activity. These changes cause decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, increased ROS production, and disturbed circadian clock synchronization of glucose and lipid metabolism. Excessive ROS production also facilitates nuclear transport of proatherogenic transcription factors, increases transcription of the neutrophil enzyme initiating NETosis, peptidylarginine deiminase 4, and activates the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. Insulin resistance causes excessive cardiomyocyte ROS production by increasing fatty acid flux and oxidation. This stimulates overexpression of the nuclear receptor PPARα and nuclear translocation of forkhead box O 1, which cause cardiomyopathy. ROS also shift the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission in favor of increased fission, reducing the metabolic capacity and efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress also plays a central role in angiotensin II-induced gap junction remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. ROS contribute to sudden death in diabetics after myocardial infarction by increasing post-translational protein modifications, which cause increased ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and downregulation of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(++)-ATPase transcription. Increased ROS also depress autonomic ganglion synaptic transmission by oxidizing the nAch receptor α3 subunit, potentially contributing to the increased risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias associated with diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
Extension of renal cell carcinoma into the vena cava: clinical review and surgical approach.

AbstractBetween 1972 and 1983, 25 patients were treated for renal carcinoma with tumor extension into the vena cava but without other clinical evidence of disseminated disease. Of these patients 12 had vena caval tumor thrombus extension up to the level of the hepatic veins (group 1), 10 had extension into the intrahepatic vena cava (group 2) and 3 had tumor extending into the right atrium (group 3).A perioperative management plan and an anatomical surgical approach have been developed to allow safe en bloc removal of these extensive tumor thrombi without removal of the vena cava. Successful management is dependent upon preoperative evaluation to determine precisely the extent of the disease, prophylaxis against pulmonary embolism and a well planned surgical method.For patients without evidence of metastatic or perinephric disease, the 5-year actuarial survival rate of 33 per cent is comparable to that of other patients without thrombus. Complete resection was possible in 20 patients (80 per cent), with a...
Qualitative microanalysis and estimation of sphingolipid bases

A method is described for the identification and determination of sphingolipid long-chain bases in various animal and plant lipids. Sphingosine and related bases, isolated as a mixture from acid hydrolysates of sphingolipids, are oxidized by sodium metaperiodate and the fatty aldehyde reaction products are isolated and analyzed by gas-liquid partition chromatography. The records thus obtained reflect the composition of the sphingolipid base fraction. A preliminary survey of various tissues is reported and the types of long-chain base found for each tissue are given. Evidence is presented for the presence of a new long-chain base associatcd with the sphingomyelin fraction of human plasma lipids.
Joint Video Compression and Encryption using Arithmetic Coding and chaos

Joint Video Compression and Encryption (JVCE) has gained increased attention in the past couple of years to reduce the computational complexity of video compression, as well as provide encryption of multimedia content for web services. In this paper, we present a JVCE framework based on Binary Arithmetic Coding (BAC). We first present an interpretation of BAC in terms of a skewed binary map and then describe 7 other possible chaotic maps which give similar Shannon optimal performance as BAC. We then propose a modification of BAC in which the overall length within the range [0,1) allocated to each symbol is preserved, but the choice of map used to encode each symbol is based on a key. The encoder, referred to as Chaotic Binary Arithmetic Coder (CBAC), has the effect of scrambling the intervals without making any changes to the width of interval in which the codeword must lie, thereby allowing encryption without sacrificing any coding efficiency. We also present some some security enhancement features to show how they can alleviate the limitations of our technique against known cryptanalysis on BAC-based encryption schemes.
Hydrodiplomacy and Environmental Security

This chapter presents the concept of hydrodiplomacy and environ- mental security. Integrated shared water resources management aims at sharing and optimizing water resources in a sustainable and secured environment. Its implementation to transboundary systems is challenged by continuous changes in hydrology and hydraulic systems, society, climate and the environment. These changes create a milieu of complex management, turbulent society and vulnerable resources. The depletion of water resources, overexploitation, droughts, pollution and socio-economic development has caused both conflicts and cooperation. Sharing water is crucial to meet the goals of equitable allocation and efficient management of water resources as well as environmental integrity and security. Hydrodiplomacy and water sharing principles are presented with a focus on conflicts prevention, management and solution approaches. Sustainable sharing of water resources encompasses environmental security because of regional and global environmental concerns which may lead to conflicts.
Markers of iron status in chronic kidney disease

Anemia is one of the main comorbidities related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Until the advent of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA), endogenous erythropoietin deficiency has been thought to be the main culprit of anemia in CKD patients. The use of ESAs has shed new light on the physiology of CKD anemia, where iron homeostasis plays an increasingly important role. Disorders of iron homeostasis occurring in CKD turn the anemia management in those patients into a complex multifactorial therapeutic task, where ESA and Iron dose must be properly balanced to achieve the desired outcome without exposing the patients to the risk of serious adverse events. This review covers diagnostic markers traditionally used for quantifying iron status in CKD patients, such as serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, new ones, such as reticulocyte hemoglobin content and percent hypochromic red cells (HRC), as well as experimental ones, such as hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Each marker is presented in terms of their diagnostic performance, followed by biological and analytical variability data. Advantages and disadvantages of each marker are briefly discussed. Although serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are easily available, they exhibit large biological variability and require caution when used for diagnosing iron status in CKD patients. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content and the percentage of HRC are more powerful, but their widespread use is hampered by the issue of sample stability in storage. sTfR and hepcidin show promise, but require further investigation as well as the development of standardized, low-cost assay platforms.
Is Mindfulness Training Useful for Pre-Service Teachers? An Exploratory Investigation.

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of mindfulness training with 23 pre-service teachers. Subjects were assigned to either a six-week mindfulness training program or a control condition. Postintervention, mindfulness participants reported greater emotional clarity and improved regulation of negative emotions. In particular, the mindfulness group was shielded from an increase in negative emotions compared to the control group. In addition, within-group differences suggested that mindfulness training helps student-teachers control impulsive behavior and respond more flexibly to stressful emotions. These findings add to a growing body of research on the benefits of mindfulness. Pre-service teachers, it seems, gain the most benefit in the realm of emotional regulation.
ACIDRain: Concurrency-Related Attacks on Database-Backed Web Applications

In theory, database transactions protect application data from corruption and integrity violations. In practice, database transactions frequently execute under weak isolation that exposes programs to a range of concurrency anomalies, and programmers may fail to correctly employ transactions. While low transaction volumes mask many potential concurrency-related errors under normal operation, determined adversaries can exploit them programmatically for fun and profit. In this paper, we formalize a new kind of attack on database-backed applications called an ACIDRain attack, in which an adversary systematically exploits concurrency-related vulnerabilities via programmatically accessible APIs. These attacks are not theoretical: ACIDRain attacks have already occurred in a handful of applications in the wild, including one attack which bankrupted a popular Bitcoin exchange. To proactively detect the potential for ACIDRain attacks, we extend the theory of weak isolation to analyze latent potential for non-serializable behavior under concurrent web API calls. We introduce a language-agnostic method for detecting potential isolation anomalies in web applications, called Abstract Anomaly Detection (2AD), that uses dynamic traces of database accesses to efficiently reason about the space of possible concurrent interleavings. We apply a prototype 2AD analysis tool to 12 popular self-hosted eCommerce applications written in four languages and deployed on over 2M websites. We identify and verify 22 critical ACIDRain attacks that allow attackers to corrupt store inventory, over-spend gift cards, and steal inventory.
An Atypical Rett Syndrome Phenotype Due to a Novel Missense Mutation in CACNA1A.

Background:Some typical and atypical Rett syndrome patients lack known genetic mutations. Mutations in the P/Q type calcium channel CACNA1A have been implicated in epileptic encephalopathy, familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia 2, and spinocerebellar ataxia 6, but not Rett syndrome.Patient Description:The authors describe a female patient with developmental regression and a de novo, likely pathogenic mutation in CACNA1A who meets 3 of 4 main criteria (stereotypic hand movements, loss of purposeful hand movements, gait disturbance), and 6 of 11 supportive criteria (impaired sleep, abnormal tone, vasomotor disturbance, scoliosis, growth retardation, and screaming spells) for atypical Rett syndrome. Furthermore, she resembles the early seizure variant of Rett syndrome. Previously, 3 children with similar CACNA1A mutations have been reported, but a Rett syndrome phenotype has not been described.Conclusion:CACNA1A mutations should be considered in children presenting with an atypical Rett syndrome phen...
Identification of small molecule inhibitors of the Chikungunya virus nsP1 RNA capping enzyme.

Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus. Alphaviruses are positive strand RNA viruses that require a 5′ cap structure to direct translation of the viral polyprotein and prevent degradation of the viral RNA genome by host cell nucleases. Formation of the 5′ RNA cap is orchestrated by the viral protein nsP1, which binds GTP and provides the N-7 methyltransferase and guanylyltransferase activities that are necessary for cap formation. Viruses with aberrant nsP1 activity are unable to replicate effectively suggesting that nsP1 is a promising target for antiviral drug discovery. Given the absence of commercially available antiviral therapies for CHIKV, it is imperative to identify compounds that could be developed as potential therapeutics. This study details a high-throughput screen of 3051 compounds from libraries containing FDA-approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactives against CHIKV nsP1 using a fluorescence polarization-based GTP competition assay. Several small molecule hits from this screen were able to compete with GTP for the CHIKV nsP1 GTP binding site at low molar concentrations. Compounds were also evaluated with an orthogonal assay that measured the ability of nsP1 to perform the guanylation step of the capping reaction in the presence of inhibitor. In addition, live virus assays with CHIKV and closely related alphavirus, Sindbis virus, were used in conjunction with cell toxicity assays to determine the antiviral activity of compounds in cell culture. The naturally derived compound lobaric acid was found to inhibit CHIKV nsP1 GTP binding and guanylation as well as attenuate viral growth in vitro at both 24 hpi and 48 hpi in hamster BHK21 and human Huh 7 cell lines. These data indicate that development of lobaric acid and further exploration of CHIKV nsP1 as a drug target may aid in the progress of anti-alphaviral drug development strategies.
The Roles and Representations of Women in Post-Doi Moi Vietnamese Cinema

Depictions of women have long been employed in various visual media as a form of synecdoche for social concerns, such as the nation. Filmmakers in Viet Nam have been using this kind of shorthand for decades, for example through the retelling of the legend of the Trung Sisters, or in the ubiquitous tourist image of a young woman wearing the traditional Vietnamese costume (ao dai). Viet Nam is an interesting case in that the Confucian kinship model, which foregrounds the values of filial piety and the importance of male children, would seem to suggest that women are not important. In this paper, I will use film examples from the late 1990s (the period immediately after doi moi, or economic renovation, was introduced) to illustrate how women came to represent Vietnamese resilience and tenacity in a time of rapid social and economic change.
Medication Allergy and Adverse Drug Reaction Documentation Discrepancies in an Urban, Academic Emergency Department.

Medication histories, including knowledge of allergies and adverse drug reactions (ADRs), are a nationally recognized quality measure. Medication histories in the emergency department (ED) are often inaccurate or incomplete. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and nature of medication allergy and ADR discrepancies in an urban ED. This was a prospective observational descriptive study, enrolling a convenience sample of adults over 7 months at a single academic urban ED. Trained personnel recorded patient demographics and number of daily medications. Patients listed any prior drug allergies or non-allergic ADRs. Following the ED encounter, the patients’ self-reported allergies and ADRs were compared to the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify and describe discrepancies. A sample of 1014 patients, predominantly black (81%), female (60%), and in the 18- to 59-year-old range (69%), was recruited. Most patients were taking at least one daily medication (74%). Three hundred fifteen patients reported at least one allergy (31%), and 252 (25%) at least one ADR. Four hundred sixteen patients (41%) had a discrepancy between their self-report of allergy or ADR and the EMR. Omissions were the most frequent discrepancy. Full descriptions of allergies or ADR were present in 18.4% of charts. Fifty-seven patients (5.6%) were administered a medication which could have interacted with a documented allergy or ADR; none of the allergy EMR records were updated to reflected this. In this cross-sectional ED study, drug allergies and ADRs were both highly prevalent. There were significant discrepancies in documentation of allergies and ADRs between patient self-report and the EMR.
Attenuation of Kupffer Cell Activation in Cold-Preserved Livers After Pretreatment of Rats with Methylprednisolone or Its Macromolecular Prodrug

Purpose. Activation of hepatic Kupffer cells (KCs) during organ preservation and subsequent reperfusion causes release of proinflammatory mediators and is responsible, at least in part, for rejection of transplanted livers. Our hypothesis was that donor pretreatment, before liver harvest, with methylprednisolone (MP) or its dextran prodrug (DMP) would reduce KC activation.
Health department clinics as pediatric immunization providers

Objectives: To describe a national sample of health department immunization clinics in terms of populations served, patient volume trends, services offered, and immunization practices. Methods: Telephone survey conducted with health departments sampled from a national database, using probability proportional to population size. Results: All (100%) 166 sampled and eligible clinics completed the survey. The majority of pediatric patients were uninsured (42%) or enrolled in Medicaid (34%). Most children (69%) and adolescents (70%) were referred to the health department, with only 12% using these clinics as a medical home. A number of clinics (72%) reported recent increases in adolescents served. Less than 25% of clinics offered comprehensive care, 47% conducted semiannual coverage assessments, and 76% and 38% operated recall systems for children and adolescents. Storage of records in an electronic database was common (83%). Conclusions: Although the majority of these clinics do not provide comprehensive care, they continue to serve vulnerable children, including adolescents, Medicaid enrollees, and the uninsured, and may represent the main contact with the healthcare system for such patients. Because assuring the immunization of these children is essential to their health and the health of our nation as a whole, this immunization safety net must be preserved. Experience implementing key recommendations such as coverage assessment and feedback as well as reminder or recall may enable health department staff to assist private provider colleagues. Further research is needed to investigate how patient populations, services offered, and immunization practices vary by different clinic characteristics.
Cooperative Control Design for Uninhabited Air Vehicles

The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate the performance of strategies for cooperative control of autonomous air vehicles that seek to gather information about a dynamic target environment, evade threats, and coordinate strikes against targets. The chapter presents an approach for cooperative search by a team of uninhabited autonomous air vehicles, which are equipped with sensors to view a limited region of the environment, and are able to communicate with one another to enable cooperation. The developed cooperative search framework is based on two inter-dependent tasks: (i) on-line learning of the environment and storing of the information in the form of a “search map”; and (ii) utilization of the search map and other information to compute on-line a guidance trajectory for the vehicle to follow. We develop a real-time approach for on-line cooperation between air vehicles, which is based on treating the paths of other vehicles as “soft obstacles” to be avoided. Based on artificial potential field methods, we develop the concept of “rivaling force” between vehicles as a way of enhancing cooperation. We study the stability of vehicular swarms in a multidimensional framework to try to understand what types of communications are needed to achieve cooperative search and engagement, and characteristics that affect swarm aggregation and disintegration. Simulation results are presented to illustrated the concepts developed in the chapter.
Hurricane Squall Lines

Are the outer precipitation bands of hurricanes and typhoons important phenomena? In suggesting that the answer to this question is “yes” several features of these bands are described or postulated. Methods of estimating the severity of attendant weather conditions by radar observation are offered.
Obstructive sleep apnea in refractory epilepsy: A pilot study investigating frequency, clinical features, and association with risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the frequency of probable obstructive sleep apnea (pOSA) in refractory epilepsy monitoring unit inpatients and clinical features associated with pOSA, including risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). METHODS We prospectively recruited 49 consecutive adult patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic Epilepsy Monitoring Unit with focal, generalized, or unclassified epilepsy syndromes. pOSA was identified using oximetric oxyhemoglobin desaturation index (ODI) and the Sleep Apnea-Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ) and STOP-BAG screening tools. Revised SUDEP Risk Inventory (rSUDEP-7) scores were calculated, and epilepsy patients with and without pOSA were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Correlation and regression analyses were utilized to determine relationships between pOSA and rSUDEP-7 scores. RESULTS Thirty-five percent of patients had pOSA, with a mean ODI of 11.3 ± 5.1/h (range = 5.1-22.8). Patients with pOSA were older and heavier, and more frequently had a focal epilepsy syndrome and longer epilepsy duration, with higher SA-SDQ and STOP-BAG scores (all P < 0.05). Median rSUDEP-7 score was 3 ± 1.4 (range = 0-6). Higher rSUDEP-7 scores were positively correlated with higher ODI (P = 0.036). rSUDEP-7 score ≥ 5 was associated with pOSA by ODI, SA-SDQ, and STOP-BAG questionnaire criteria (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Our pilot study identified a high frequency of pOSA in refractory epilepsy monitoring patients, finding that pOSA patients were older and heavier, with higher screening symptoms for sleep apnea and more frequent focal seizures with a longer epilepsy duration. We also found a possible association between OSA and SUDEP risk. Identification and treatment of OSA in patients with epilepsy could conceivably provide a novel approach toward preventing the risk of SUDEP. Future studies with polysomnography are needed to confirm predictive features for OSA in epilepsy populations, and to determine whether OSA is associated with SUDEP risk.
Which behavior change techniques help young adults reduce binge drinking? A pilot randomized clinical trial of 5 text message interventions.

Abstract Text message (SMS) interventions can reduce binge drinking in young adults, but optimal behavior change techniques (BCTs) remain unknown. The present study tests the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of different combinations of SMS-delivered BCTs. 149 young adults who screened positive for hazardous drinking completed a baseline survey in the Emergency Department. For the following 2-weeks, on days they typically drank (1 to 3 days per week), participants received ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of drinking plans and desire to get drunk; the next day they were prompted to report recall of number of drinks consumed the prior day. Participants who responded to at least 50% these EMA (N = 127) were randomized to one of five 12-week interventions: Cued Self-Monitoring (TRACK); Drinking Intentions Feedback (PLAN); Drinking Performance Feedback (USE); Adaptive Goal Support (GOAL); and a combination of BCTs (COMBO). 79% of all EMA were completed over 12 weeks, which decreased from around 93% on week 1 to 65% by week 12. Using EMA data, relative to TRACK, only COMBO showed significant reductions in binge drinking and max drinks per drinking episode over time. Using TLFB data, there were no significant differences between groups from baseline to 14- and 28-weeks follow-up. Results lay the groundwork for a larger trial testing the effects of BCTs on binge drinking for young adults.
Rules versus Discretion: Inference Gleaned from Greenbook Forecasts and FOMC Decisions

From 1987 through 2013, the Federal Open Market Committee appears to have set its federal funds rate target with reference to Greenbook forecasts of the output gap and inflation and, at times, also to have made further adjustments to the funds rate as those forecasts were revised. If viewed in the context of the Taylor (1993) Rule, discretionary departures from the settings prescribed by Greenbook forecasts consistently presage business cycle turning points. Similarly, estimates from an interest rate rule with time‐varying parameters imply that, around such turning points, the FOMC responds less vigorously to information contained in Greenbook forecasts about the changing state of the economy. These results suggest possible gains from closer adherence to a rule with constant parameters.
How does medical scribes' work inform development of speech-based clinical documentation technologies? A systematic review.

Objective Use of medical scribes reduces clinician burnout by sharing the burden of clinical documentation. However, medical scribes are cost-prohibitive for most settings, prompting a growing interest in developing ambient, speech-based technologies capable of automatically generating clinical documentation based on patient-provider conversation. Through a systematic review, we aimed to develop a thorough understanding of the work performed by medical scribes in order to inform the design of such technologies. Materials and methods Relevant articles retrieved by searching in multiple literature databases. We conducted the screening process following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) in guidelines, and then analyzed the data using qualitative methods to identify recurring themes. Results The literature search returned 854 results, 65 of which met the inclusion criteria. We found that there is significant variation in scribe expectations and responsibilities across healthcare organizations; scribes also frequently adapt their work based on the provider's style and preferences. Further, scribes' job extends far beyond capturing conversation in the exam room; they also actively interact with patients and the care team and integrate data from other sources such as prior charts and lab test results. Discussion The results of this study provide several implications for designing technologies that can generate clinical documentation based on naturalistic conversations taking place in the exam room. First, a one-size-fits-all solution will be unlikely to work because of the significant variation in scribe work. Second, technology designers need to be aware of the limited role that their solution can fulfill. Third, to produce comprehensive clinical documentation, such technologies will likely have to incorporate information beyond the exam room conversation. Finally, issues of patient consent and privacy have yet to be adequately addressed, which could become paramount barriers to implementing such technologies in realistic clinical settings. Conclusions Medical scribes perform complex and delicate work. Further research is needed to better understand their roles in a clinical setting in order to inform the development of speech-based clinical documentation technologies.
EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATION OF PHENOL ON SELECTED HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF Oreochromis niloticus

Phenol and its compounds are ubiquitous water pollutants which come to the natural water resources from the effluents of a variety of chemical industries such as coal refineries, phenol manufacturing industries, pharmaceuticals, and industries of resin, paint, textile, leather and pulp mill etc, besides this phenol is a major constituent of plywood effluents. Perumbavoor, Ernakulam (District) of Kerala is a one of the major plywood industry belt and hundreds of factories have been working in a limited area. All these plywood factories are discharging the effluents directly into the nearby water bodies without any proper treatment. Blood from dosed fishes was assayed for selected haematological parameters (haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, PCV) and biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, globulin, and albumin). There was a significant negative correlation between dosage concentration and haemoglobin (p 0.05) in fish. A significant positive correlation was observed between WBC count and dosage concentration and glucose level and dosage concentration. As the dosage increases the WBC count also increases gradually; in control the average value was 122 x 103 cells/cc, in 1/10th dilution it was 133 x 103 cells/cc, in 1/5th dilution is was 135 x 103 cells/cc whereas in 1/2nd dilution is was 136 x 103 cells/cc. It is noted that phenol adversely affects the normal life of the organisms and invariably alters all the biochemical parameters of the body.
Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Chronic Warming on Nitrogen (N)-Uptake Rate, -Assimilation, and -Concentration of Wheat

The concentration of nitrogen (N) in vegetative tissues is largely dependent on the balance among growth, root N uptake, and N assimilation. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) plus warming is likely to affect the vegetative-tissue N and protein concentration of wheat by altering N metabolism, but this is poorly understood. To investigate this, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was grown for three weeks at two levels of CO2 (400 or 700 ppm) and two temperature regimes (26/21 or 31/26 °C, day/night). Plant dry mass, plant %N, protein concentrations, NO3- and NH4+ root uptake rates (using 15NO3 or 15NH4), and whole-plant N- and NO3--assimilation were measured. Plant growth, %N, protein concentration, and root N-uptake rate were each significantly affected only by CO2, while N- and NO3--assimilation were significantly affected only by temperature. However, plants grown at eCO2 plus warming had the lowest concentrations of N and protein. These results suggest that one strategy breeding programs can implement to minimize the negative effects of eCO2 and warming on wheat tissue N would be to target the maintenance of root N uptake rate at eCO2 and N assimilation at higher growth temperatures.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Network Performance: A Study of Continuum of Care Homeless Networks

The trend toward using collaborative networks has increased in recent years—creating a need to understand the unique leadership skills and qualities that are necessary of managers to effectively function within this new normal. This article examines the relationship between transformational leadership and network performance in Continuum of Care homeless service networks. We hypothesize that transformational leadership behaviors of network managers contribute to the effective management of a homeless service network. We test this proposal using survey data from 237 respondents who lead federally funded Continuum of Care homeless service networks. Findings indicate that transformational leadership behaviors have a positive and statistically significant effect on the performance of the homeless service networks.
A Critical Evaluation of the Role of Implants in Head and Neck Reconstruction

SUMMARY Clinical application of endosseous implants has been expanded to include the patient receiving ablative tumor surgery and/or radiation therapy. Although there is evidence of oncogenesis when there is exposure to certain metals, the use of titanium endosseous implants appears to have clinical safety and efficacy. Implants can be placed in irradiated bone under certain circumstances, although there may be compromised healing, and the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a valuable tool to improve success. The patient receiving implants in bone requiring irradiation may have it performed without removing the implants, but alterations in the radiation dose calculations must be considered. Osseointegrated implants enhance the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the resected patient. Endosseous implants may be placed successfully in grafted bone as a secondary procedure. Use of implants in combination with free grafts as an immediate procedure is a possible treatment modality. However, when there is a large resection or significant soft tissue has been excised, microvascular bone grafting should be considered
AN EFFICIENT CALIBRATION SCHEME FOR THE FOUR-DETECTOR PHOTOPOLARIMETER USING A ROTATING QUARTER-WAVE RETARDER

Rotating a quarter-wave retarder (QWR) in a linearly polarized light beam of fixed azimuth produces a wide range of elliptical polarization states that satisfy the condition of linear independence. A plurality of these states, obtained at equispaced angular positions of the QWR, are used to calibrate the four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) leading to the determination of its instrument matrix A. Experimental results demonstrate the application of this method to an FDP of 4 Si detectors at wavelength λ = 632.8 nm. The use of a nonideal QWR with small but known imperfections is also discussed.
Berechnung von Stoßwellen-Daten für reale Gase

Im vorigen Kapitel wurden die Erhaltungsgleichungen fur Masse, Impuls und Energie fur ideale Gase mit konstanter spezifischer Warme gelost. Reale Gase gehorchen jedoch bei hohen Dichten nicht mehr der Gleichung fur ideale Gase, auch ist bei hohen Temperaturen ihre spezifische Warme eine Funktion der Temperatur. In diesem Kapitel sollen die Bedingungen, unter denen Realgaseffekte bedeutsam werden und die Art und Weise, wie man sie bei der Berechnung von Gleichgewichtsdaten von Stoswellen berucksichtigt, untersucht werden. Im nachsten Abschnitt wird gezeigt, das man bei der Berechnung der einzelnen Daten von Stoswellen fast immer das Gesetz fur ideale Gase verwenden kann, da die Gasdichten relativ niedrig, die Temperaturen aber hoch sind. Die spezifische Warme vieler Molekularten ist in der Nahe der Zimmertemperatur praktisch konstant. Bei hoheren Temperaturen werden jedoch die Schwingungsfreiheitsgrade angeregt und ergeben einen merklichen Beitrag zur spezifischen Warme. Finden chemische Reaktionen statt, so wird dadurch die Warmekapazitat sehr stark beeinflust. Die Berechnung dieses Einflusses wird in Abschnitt C behandelt. In Abschnitt D wird die Berechnung der kalorischen Zustandsgieichung einer willkurlichen Gasmischung behandelt, die Teilchen mit angeregten Schwingungsfreiheitsgraden enthalt und in der gleichzeitig nebeneinander verschiedene Zerfallsreaktionen ablaufen. Anschliesend wird die Losung der Stoswellengleichungen, sowohl fur den einfallenden, wie fur den reflektierten Stos unter Verwendung einer allgemeinen kalorischen Zustandsgieichung diskutiert. Schlieslich werden im letzten Abschnitt einige Stoswellendaten fur die als real behandelten Gase Ar, CO, Br2, SF6, sowie Mischungen von Ar mit N2 und CO wiedergegeben. Flussigkeiten und Festkorper1) werden in diesem Kapitel nicht behandelt, da bei ihnen die Experimente im allgemeinen gerade zur Bestimmung der Zustandsgieichung dienen. Auch findet nur sehr geringe Erwarmung statt, wie man aus der Form der Zustandsgieichung sieht. Die spezifische Warme kann als nahezu konstant betrachtet werden.
Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Rule Changes in Women's Basketball

Abstract The purpose was to evaluate changes in body composition during a season of women's basketball and changes in cardiorespiratory function as measured by maximum oxygen intake (max VO2). In addition, the effects of a rule change (six players to five players) were analyzed on the basis of present data and data collected in a similar study completed before the rule change. Measures of max VO2 and body composition were taken on 14 women at the beginning and end of the season. The basketball players tended to be in upper ranges of height and weight in comparison to other reports on college women, but slightly leaner than average. Comparisons of pre- and postseason means (t test) revealed significant increases in weight and LBW which lead to significant decreases in max VO2 when expressed in ml/kg/min and ml/kg LBW/min. The present sample had significantly higher max VO2 values than on the six-player team, but there was no difference relative to training effects when in-season changes in weight and max V...