cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytological and Genetic Studies on the Effects of Ruelene

The antimitotic effects of Ruelene® ( O -4- tert -butyl-2- chlorophenyl O -methyl methylphosphoramidate) on a standardized pea root meristem test system are similar to those of a considerable number of substituted phenols, and include mitotic inhibition, late prophase blockage, and spindle disruption. A low level of polyploidy occurs in subsequent division cycles. It is suggested that the electrochemical properties of the molecule are important in producing the effects, which may be reduced or eliminated by substitution of the thionophosphate for the phosphonate in the molecule. No mutagenic activity was round, using the Miiller-5 Drosophila technique.
Laser absorption and infrared emission measurements in a high-pressure shock tube

Issues related to optical diagnostics development and their application to a high-pressure shock tube environment are presented. In laser absorption experiments behind high-pressure reflected shock waves, the transmitted laser intensity can experience fluctuations as high as 60 percent of the incident intensity at 300 atm. A major source of these fluctuations is the turbulent wall boundary layer that interferes with the laser beam through refractive index perturbations. Recent results indicate a modified window design may minimize the problem, but further development is required in this area. Additional optical perturbations are the result of stress-induced birefringence of the windows. Birefringence alters the polarization and intensity of the transmitted laser light. Experiments designed to diagnose and remedy the polarization problems are being conducted in a high-pressure static cell. Elevated pressures also lead to increased spectral line broadening, shift, and asymmetry of molecular line absorption profiles. These details must be included when measuring and calculating the lineshapes and strengths of the absorbing molecule, since accurate absorption coeficients at elevated pressures and temperatures are needed to infer species mole fractions. (Author)
Erroneous values on the Model S Coulter Counter due to high titer cold autoagglutinins.

A blood specimen containing cold agglutinins of high titer gave obviously erroneous values when counted on Coulter equipment in a laboratory with a low ambient temperature. Owing to microagglutinates, the Model A and Model F counters gave erroneously low erythrocyte counts, and therefore high calculated values for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Three Model S counters gave low erythrocyte (RBC) counts, high observed MCV values, and low calculated hematocrits (hematocrit = MCV X RBC). The resulting values for MCH and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were impossibly high. Warming the diluent entering the counter not only eliminated these spurious values but resulted in more precise readings in general. The authors recommend that temperature control be added to the Coulter Model S equipment.
Guinea Pig Mammary Gland Growth Changes in Weight, Nitrogen and Nucleic Acids.∗

SummaryThe growth of guinea pig mammary glands during pregnancy, parturition, lactation and involution was measured using total weight, total nitrogen content, total DNA and RNA/DNA ratios as parameters of cellular changes. Only slight changes were found to occur during pregnancy. The rapid increase in total weight after parturition, correlated with the increase in total nitrogen and DNA, indicates that the observed growth is primarily a hyperplastic process. Extensive hypertrophy of pre-existing cells as measured by increased RNA/DNA ratios occurs after the period of rapid proliferative growth, thus the greatest cellular changes in guinea pig mammary glands occur immediately after parturition.
Kinetic Study of Bisphenol A Migration from Low-Density Polyethylene Films into Food Simulants

Migration testing of bisphenol A (BPA) from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into food simulants was performed as a function of three factors: temperature, initial BPA concentration, and food simulant type. An HPLC–UV method was applied to measure the amount of BPA that migrated into the solvents. The migration process was described by Fick’s diffusion equation, and the migration parameters such as the diffusion coefficient (D) were derived from the equation. D values ranged from 10–10 to 10–8 cm2 s–1 under different migration conditions. Statistical analysis showed that the single factors had significant effects on D, but among the interaction effects only the temperature-simulant interaction was significant. The dependence of D on temperature followed an Arrhenius-type relationship, with the activation energy (Ea) ranging from 112.8 ± 1.6 kJ mol–1 to 128.9 ± 4.3 kJ mol–1 for the three food simulants. An exponential relationship was found between the diffusion coefficient and initial BPA concentration for...
Use of Modified Profile Likelihood for Improved Tests of Constancy of Variance in Regression

SUMMARY Non-constant variance (heteroscedasticity) is common in regression data, and many tests have been proposed for detecting it. This paper shows that the properties of likelihood-based tests can be improved by using the modified profile likelihood of Cox and Reid. A modified likelihood ratio test and modified score tests are derived, and both theoretical and intuitive justifications are given for the improved properties of the tests. The results of a Monte Carlo study are mentioned, which show that, whereas the ordinary likelihood ratio test can be very anticonservative, the modified test holds its null size well and is more powerful than the other tests. For non-normal error distributions, Studentized tests hold their size well (without being overconservative), even for long-tailed error distributions. Under short-tailed error distributions, likelihood ratio or Studentized score tests are most powerful, depending on the degree of heteroscedasticity. The modified versions of the score tests consistently outperform the unmodified versions. The use of these tests is demonstrated through analysis of data on the volatility of stock prices.
Characterization of Drosophila CMP-sialic acid synthetase activity reveals unusual enzymatic properties.

CMP-sialic acid synthetase (CSAS) is a key enzyme of the sialylation pathway. CSAS produces the activated sugar donor, CMP-sialic acid, which serves as a substrate for sialyltransferases to modify glycan termini with sialic acid. Unlike other animal CSASs that normally localize in the nucleus, Drosophila melanogaster CSAS (DmCSAS) localizes in the cell secretory compartment, predominantly in the Golgi, which suggests that this enzyme has properties distinct from those of its vertebrate counterparts. To test this hypothesis, we purified recombinant DmCSAS and characterized its activity in vitro . Our experiments revealed several unique features of this enzyme. DmCSAS displays specificity for N -acetylneuraminic acid as a substrate, shows preference for lower pH and can function with a broad range of metal cofactors. When tested at a pH corresponding to the Golgi compartment, the enzyme showed significant activity with several metal cations, including Zn2+, Fe2+, Co2+ and Mn2+, whereas the activity with Mg2+ was found to be low. Protein sequence analysis and site-specific mutagenesis identified an aspartic acid residue that is necessary for enzymatic activity and predicted to be involved in co-ordinating a metal cofactor. DmCSAS enzymatic activity was found to be essential in vivo for rescuing the phenotype of DmCSAS mutants. Finally, our experiments revealed a steep dependence of the enzymatic activity on temperature. Taken together, our results indicate that DmCSAS underwent evolutionary adaptation to pH and ionic environment different from that of counterpart synthetases in vertebrates. Our data also suggest that environmental temperatures can regulate Drosophila sialylation, thus modulating neural transmission. * CMAS, : CMP- N -acetylneuraminic acid synthetase; CMP-Neu5Ac, : CMP- N -acetylneuraminic acid; CMP-Sia, : CMP-sialic acid; CNS, : central nervous system; CSAS, : CMP-sialic acid synthetase; DmCSAS, : Drosophila melanogaster CSAS; HPAEC, : high-performance anion-exchange chromatography; HsCSAS, : human CSAS; KDN, : 2-keto-3-deoxy-D- glycero -D- galacto -nononic acid; KDO, : 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctanoic acid; MESG, : 7-methyl-6-thioguanosine; Neu5Ac, : N -acetylneuraminic acid; Neu5Gc, : N -glycolylneuraminic acid; PNGase F, : peptide N-glycosidase F; Sia, : sialic acid; TS, : temperature-sensitive; UAS, : upstream activation sequence
Perceived accountability and public attitudes toward local police

AbstractRecent national events have brought the issue of police-community relations into the public eye. Even though a large body of academic research exists on the predictors of public attitude toward police, very little is known about how public perceptions of police accountability influence satisfaction with the police. This study seeks to fill that gap by using ordered logistic regression and multi-year community-level survey data from one Western city (n = 3725) to examine the relationship between satisfaction with police accountability and overall attitudes toward the police. The results indicate that respondent satisfaction with police accountability was a strong, consistent predictor of satisfaction with local police, even after controlling for other important variables, such as race/ethnicity and community context. The findings suggest that public perceptions relating to the control of police officer conduct should be considered when assessing the predictors of attitudes toward the police.
Absorption of ampicillin and nalidixic acid by infants and children with acute shigellosis.

Thirty-seven infants and children with acute shigellosis were treated with orally administered ampicillin or nalidixic acid. Peak plasma levels and dose-response curves suggested two patient populations. Five of 16 patients receiving nalidixic acid had a pronounced delay in absorption, while the others had the anticipated peak levels and plasma half-lifes. All patients had a lower percentage of conjugated drug and of drug present as the hydroxynalidixic acid metabolite on the first day of treatment than during convalescence. Thus, some patients with diarrhea had altered absorption and all had altered metabolism of nalidixic acid during the acute phase of shigellosis. In 10 of 21 ampicillin-treated patients there were depressed plasma levels and prolonged half-lifes. These were statistically likely to be younger, to have more severe diarrhea, and to have lower body weight than those with normal peak plasma levels and plasma clearance rates.
Mercury and Venus: Significant Results from MESSENGER and Venus Express Missions

Understanding how the solar system evolved has been one of the driving reasons for exploring the solar system until recently. Now the focus includes planets around other stars and particularly terrestrial planets and habitability. Mercury and Venus are two extreme members in our solar system but are poorly understood. Our closest planetary neighbors, with their proximity to the sun made it challenging to learn much about them from telescopes, as they are accessible for only a short time before sunrise or after sunset for large telescopes (due to scattered light and sensitive detectors). Venus with it global cloud cover made it impossible to learn about its surface, until new advances in radar and microwave techniques. Only partly surveyed by Mariner 10 from three fly-bys during 1974–1976, Mercury remained enigmatic until MESSENGER. By contrast, Venus has been explored from fly-by spacecraft, orbiters, entry probes and landers and even balloons, yet the major science questions have only become sharper. MESSENGER and Venus Express, the two current spacecraft visitors from Earth to the innermost, entered the final phase of their mission lives in summer 2014 as the fuel required for orbit maintenance was depleted. Orbiting Venus since 15 April 2006, Venus Express conducted an aerobraking experiment in June 2014. It collected its last observations on 27 November 2014 when the fuel was exhausted during orbit raise maneuvers, and the spacecraft entered the atmosphere on 18 January 2015. Over more than eight years of observing Venus from its 24 h, polar elliptic orbit, it collected a large amount of data from its operating instruments which have provided new insights into the atmosphere of Venus and to a limited extent, its surface. The MESSENGER spacecraft also observed Venus on its third fly-by of Venus which also yielded some new results.
Macrophages and infertility: enhancement of human macrophage-mediated sperm killing by antisperm antibodies *

The mechanism by which antisperm antibodies inhibit fertility is not completely understood. Macrophages may play a role in mediating infertility by interacting with sperm and destroying gametes. Experiments were conducted evaluating the effect of antisperm antibody on the phagocytosis and lysis of sperm by human peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Sperm from a fertile man treated with sera from normal men and women or medium alone had 5 to 280 molecules of IgG/sperm, as determined by a 125I-labeled anti-human IgG monoclonal antibody assay. By contrast, sperm treated with sera containing antisperm antibodies had 310 to 1240 molecules of IgG/sperm. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from infertile women with tubal/adhesive problems mediated phagocytosis and lysis of 111In-labeled sperm which was enhanced by treatment of the sperm with sera containing antisperm antibodies (39.0% +/- 1.5% versus 76.3% +/- 3.2% phagocytosis, and 3.3% +/- 0.3% versus 23.3% +/- 2.3% lysis of sperm [control versus antibody-treated]). The likelihood of fertilization in couples with antisperm antibody may be determined not only by the antibody but also by the presence of genital tract macrophages capable of destroying the antibody-coated sperm.
Chronic Wound Dressings Based on Collagen-Mimetic Proteins

Objective: Chronic wounds are projected to reach epidemic proportions due to the aging population and the increasing incidence of diabetes. There is a strong clinical need for an improved wound dressing that can balance wound moisture, promote cell migration and proliferation, and degrade at an appropriate rate to minimize the need for dressing changes. Approach: To this end, we have developed a bioactive, hydrogel microsphere wound dressing that incorporates a collagen-mimetic protein, Scl2GFPGER, to promote active wound healing. A redesigned Scl2GFPGER, engineered collagen (eColGFPGER), was created to reduce steric hindrance of integrin-binding motifs and increase overall stability of the triple helical backbone, thereby resulting in increased cell adhesion to substrates. Results: This study demonstrates the successful modification of the Scl2GFPGER protein to eColGFPGER, which displayed enhanced stability and integrin interactions. Fabrication of hydrogel microspheres provided a matrix with adaptive moisture technology, and degradation rates have potential for use in human wounds. Innovation: This collagen-mimetic wound dressing was designed to permit controlled modulation of cellular interactions and degradation rate without impact on other physical properties. Its fabrication into uniform hydrogel microspheres provides a bioactive dressing that can readily conform to irregular wounds. Conclusion: Overall, this new eColGFPGER shows strong promise in the generation of bioactive hydrogels for wound healing as well as a variety of tissue scaffolds.
Overview of Behavioural Family Interventions With Children: Achievements, Limitations, and Challenges

The field of child clinical psychology has benefited from the development of behaviour therapy. One of the most important contributing areas is that of behavioural family intervention. Some of the contributions and achievements of this area are considered. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
STATCOM control with Instantaneous Phase-locked Loop for performance improvement under single-line to ground fault

The STATCOM (Synchronous Static Compensator) based on VSC (Voltage Source Converter) is used for voltage regulation in transmission and distribution systems. The STATCOM can rapidly generate or absorb dynamic reactive power during system faults for voltage regulation. Strict requirements of STATCOM loss and total system loss penalty preclude the use of PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) for STATCOM applications. The commonly- implemented PLL (Phase-locked Loop) in the system, which is based on positive-sequence bus voltage, can not response to dynamical changing of negative-sequence bus voltage due to system faults. These constraints result in over-currents and trips of the STATCOM during system faults. In this paper, we propose and develop an ldquoInstantaneous PLLrdquo to prevent over-currents (and trips) in the VSC during single-line to ground system faults, and to ensure that the STATCOM supplies required reactive power.
Recent progress in single-cell cancer genomics.

The advent of single-cell sequencing has been revolutionary to the field of cancer genomics. Perfectly suited to capture cancer’s heterogeneous nature, single-cell analyses provide information bulk sequencing could never hope to uncover. Many mechanisms of cancer have yet to be fully understood, and single-cell approaches are showing promise in their abilities to uncover these mysteries. Here we focus on the most recent single-cell methods for cancer genomics, and how they are not only providing insights into the inner workings of cancer, but are also transforming individualized therapy and non-invasive monitoring and diagnosis.
Making the Cut: Do Faculty Want to Be Involved in Library Database Cancellations?

Because of the recent economic crisis, a number of academic libraries have faced the possibility of having to cancel database subscriptions. As a major user group of academic libraries, faculty have a history of being involved in collection decisions, but it is unclear to what extent they want to be involved in cancellations. Also, while the library literature outlines a variety of processes that libraries have used to involve faculty in their serials cancellation decisions, very little is said about eliminating databases. This study examines whether the strategies outlined for involving faculty in serials cancellations are applicable to database cancellations. We surveyed 167 faculty members at Towson University to determine what their preferences are for involvement in database cancellations and if those preferences are a function of engagement with the library and/or discipline of study.
America’s One-Room Schools: Sites of Regional Authority and Symbols of Local Autonomy, after 1850

Before the nineteenth - century’s mandatory education laws, churches and towns created schools according to local needs. The one-room school was a product of local community and autonomy. Educational reformers sought to standardize schooling through guidelines for schoolhouse and playground design and standards for curriculum and attendance. These external reform movements provided the impetus for communities to reform or resist such impositions. America’s social memory of the “little red schoolhouse” paints the picture of one-room schools as sites of conformity and innocence, but historical archaeology of specific schools reveals tensions encoded in these buildings, their documentary records, and associated artifact assemblages.
Genetic variation in chromosome Y regulates susceptibility to influenza A virus infection.

Males of many species, ranging from humans to insects, are more susceptible than females to parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. One mechanism that has been proposed to account for this difference is the immunocompetence handicap model, which posits that the greater infectious disease burden in males is due to testosterone, which drives the development of secondary male sex characteristics at the expense of suppressing immunity. However, emerging data suggest that cell-intrinsic (chromosome X and Y) sex-specific factors also may contribute to the sex differences in infectious disease burden. Using a murine model of influenza A virus (IAV) infection and a panel of chromosome Y (ChrY) consomic strains on the C57BL/6J background, we present data showing that genetic variation in ChrY influences IAV pathogenesis in males. Specific ChrY variants increase susceptibility to IAV in males and augment pathogenic immune responses in the lung, including activation of proinflammatory IL-17–producing γδ T cells, without affecting viral replication. In addition, susceptibility to IAV segregates independent of copy number variation in multicopy ChrY gene families that influence susceptibility to other immunopathological phenotypes, including survival after infection with coxsackievirus B3. These results demonstrate a critical role for genetic variation in ChrY in regulating susceptibility to infectious disease.
A 20 GHz colliding pulse mode-locked heterogeneous InP-silicon laser

We demonstrate a colliding pulse mode-locked laser based on heterogeneous InP-silicon platform, working in the passive mode locking regime with a 20 GHz repetition rate. The laser outputs nearly transform limited pulses with record narrow pulse width of 1.37 ps on the silicon platform.
Mode reconfigurable bistable spiral antenna based on kresling origami

This paper presents a mode reconfigurable origami spiral antenna using the bistable property of Kresling origami. An analytical method is proposed to find a suitable Kresling conical pattern for antenna applications that can hold its shape automatically by its internal tension after being deployed or collapsed. From the deployed (unfolded) state to the collapsed (folded) state, the bifilar spiral antenna is reconfigured from conical to planar with its main beam being reconfigured from two to one. This antenna is circularly polarized from 2.5 GHz to 3.2 GHz with realized gain from 6.2 dB to 8.9 dB and can be used for satellite communication.
Reading the DSM-5 Through Literature: The Value of Subjective Knowing

This chapter reflects on the deep connectedness of medical practice and storytelling through a conjoined reading of two contemporary American memoirs—Lauren Slater’s Lying: A Metaphorical Memoir (2000) and Siri Hustvedt’s The Shaking Woman or A History of My Nerves (2010)— and the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5 (2013). The two memoirs examined in this essay establish counter narratives to the DSM that highlight and complicate the discursive currents converging the medical text. Reading the DSM-5 as a literary production in conversation with other literary texts, this chapter reveals the construction of medical knowledge as a dialogue between objective and subjective modes of knowing.
Risk assessments using the Strain Index and the TLV for HAL, Part II: Multi-task jobs and prevalence of CTS.

ABSTRACTThe Strain Index (SI) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value for hand activity level (TLV for HAL) have been shown to be associated ...
The (Oregon) Advocate: Boosting the Race and Portland, Too

Abstract The Black press in the Pacific Northwest has received little attention from communication history scholars. Yet weekly newspapers published in cities such as Portland, Oregon, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries served well the small African American population. The Advocate, founded in 1903, kept readers informed about segregation, lynching, employment opportunities, and other topics. The newspaper also fought for civil rights and liberties for African Americans generally, and Black Oregonians specifically. Equally important was its role as booster. Although boosterism typically is associated with the rush to establish towns and newspapers in the West, this qualitative study offers evidence that boosting may have been a vital function of the Black press during the twentieth century—particularly in cities like Portland with few African Americans. Editor Beatrice Morrow Cannady spent more than two decades boosting cultural events and promoting education, religion, new businesses, a...
Response to the adenylate energy charge by Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase and its catalytic subunit.

Abstract Native Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase activity is stimulated at high values of the adenylate energy charge. This response interacts with inhibition by the endproduct CTP in the way expected for a regulatory biosynthetic enzyme. Activity of the dissociated catalytic subunit, however, is strongly inhibited by ATP. Thus an appropriate response to adenylates appears to depend on subunit interactions in the native enzyme. Magnesium ion sharpens the energy charge response of the native enzyme, but decreases the effect of ATP on the catalytic subunit.
Understanding the Economics–Politics Nexus in South Korea–China Relations

A very interesting observation in recent South Korea–China relations is the sharp contrast between their “hot” economic and “cold” political ties. This article proposes to understand the “trade–con...
Continuation of Newly Initiated Midodrine Therapy After Intensive Care and Hospital Discharge: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Objectives Midodrine is an α1-agonist approved for orthostatic hypotension. Recently, it has received attention as an oral vasopressor to facilitate ICU discharge. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of continuation of newly initiated midodrine upon ICU and hospital discharge and identify risk factors associated with its occurrence. Design Single-center retrospective study. Setting ICU patients from January 2011 to October 2016 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Patients Adult patients admitted to any ICU who received new midodrine for hypotension and survived to discharge. Interventions None. Measurements and main results During the study period, 1,010 patients were newly started on midodrine and survived to ICU discharge. Midodrine was continued in 67% (672/1,010) of patients at ICU discharge. Admission to cardiovascular surgery ICU and mixed medical/surgical ICU was a risk factor for midodrine continuation at ICU discharge (odds ratio, 3.94 [2.50-6.21] and 2.03 [1.29-3.20], respectively). At hospital discharge, 34% (311/909) of patients were continued on midodrine therapy. History of congestive heart failure predicted midodrine continuation at hospital discharge (odds ratio, 1.49 [1.05-2.12]). Hypertension and use of mechanical ventilation were associated with a decreased odds of midodrine prescription at both ICU and hospital discharge. Of those discharged from the ICU or hospital on midodrine, 50% were concomitantly prescribed antihypertensives. Discharge from the ICU on midodrine was associated with a significantly shorter ICU length of stay (7.5 ± 8.9 vs 10.6 ± 13.4 d) and reduced risk of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.32-0.70]; p Conclusions This study established a high prevalence of midodrine continuation in transitions of care. The risks and benefits of this practice remain unclear. Future studies should explore the impact of this practice on patient outcomes and resource utilization. These insights could be used to model interventions for proper tapering, discontinuation, or follow-up of new start midodrine.
Multi‐shot diffusion‐weighted MRI reconstruction with magnitude‐based spatial‐angular locally low‐rank regularization (SPA‐LLR)

Purpose To resolve the motion-induced phase variations in multi-shot multi-direction diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by applying regularization to magnitude images. Theory and methods A nonlinear model was developed to estimate phase and magnitude images separately. A locally low-rank regularization (LLR) term was applied to the magnitude images from all diffusion-encoding directions to exploit the spatial and angular correlation. In vivo experiments with different resolutions and b-values were performed to validate the proposed method. Results The proposed method significantly reduces the noise level compared to the conventional reconstruction method and achieves submillimeter (0.8mm and 0.9mm isotropic resolutions) DWI with a b-value of 1,000 s / mm 2 and 1-mm isotropic DWI with a b-value of 2,000 s / mm 2 without modification of the sequence. Conclusions A joint reconstruction method with spatial-angular LLR regularization on magnitude images substantially improves multi-direction DWI reconstruction, simultaneously removes motion-induced phase artifacts, and denoises images.
Talar Body Fractures

Talar body fractures are uncommon and poorly defined. Treatment is directed toward restoration of articular congruity, often via direct surgical approaches. With careful attention to surgical timing and technique, complications should be limited to those associated with characteristics of the initial injury including direct damage to the soft tissues, blood supply, cartilage, and bone. Complications are common, and long-term functional outcomes are limited after severe injuries.
A retrospective analysis of venous thromboembolism trends in chemotherapy-induced anemia.

e15515Background: Anemia is a common and unfortunate consequence of chemotherapy. Patients receiving a variety of chemotherapy regimens often develop chemotherapy–induced anemia (CIA), which contri...
Analysis of Multilevel Replicator Dynamics for General Two-Strategy Social Dilemma

Here, we consider a game-theoretic model of multilevel selection in which individuals compete based on their payoff and groups also compete based on the average payoff of group members. Our focus is on multilevel social dilemmas: games in which individuals are best off cheating, while groups of individuals do best when composed of many cooperators. We analyze the dynamics of the two-level replicator dynamics, a nonlocal hyperbolic PDE describing deterministic birth–death dynamics for both individuals and groups. While past work on such multilevel dynamics has restricted attention to scenarios with exactly solvable within-group dynamics, we use comparison principles and an invariant property of the tail of the population distribution to extend our analysis to all possible two-player, two-strategy social dilemmas. In the Stag–Hunt and similar games with coordination thresholds, we show that any amount of between-group competition allows for fixation of cooperation in the population. For the prisoners’ dilemma and Hawk–Dove game, we characterize the threshold level of between-group selection dividing a regime in which the population converges to a delta function at the equilibrium of the within-group dynamics from a regime in which between-group competition facilitates the existence of steady-state densities supporting greater levels of cooperation. In particular, we see that the threshold selection strength and average payoff at steady state depend on a tug-of-war between the individual-level incentive to be a defector in a many-cooperator group and the group-level incentive to have many cooperators over many defectors. We also find that lower-level selection casts a long shadow: If groups are best off with a mix of cooperators and defectors, then there will always be fewer cooperators than optimal at steady state, even in the limit of infinitely strong competition between groups.
Central sleep apnea and Chiari 1 malformation in a pediatric patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome

Klippel-Feil sequence (KFS) is a rare congenital condition that presents with congenital cervical spine fusion, reduced cervical spine flexion, and low posterior hairline. Chiari malformation type ...
Understanding the evolutions of public responses using social media: Hurricane Matthew case study

Abstract Understanding timely evolutions of public responses during disasters can help crisis response managers design and implement response strategies. Recent studies mainly employed public sentiment and concerns to investigate public responses with social media data. However, these studies neglected social media users' post frequencies for sentiment analysis which can exaggerate the impact of users with high post frequencies. A sentiment baseline is also missing to reveal disaster impacts on public sentiment. Moreover, a quantification index to represent evolutions of public concerns across the disaster periods is necessary but not investigated yet. In order to bridge the above-mentioned research gaps, this research proposes to analyze social media users' post frequencies and employ the annual average sentiment as a sentiment baseline. This paper innovatively employs the LDA (Latent Dirichlet allocation) topic model to calculate the weights and sentiment for topics in public expressions. To validate this method, a case study of Hurricane Matthew is implemented for investigating the evolutions of public responses. The results show public sentiment in most affected regions has received negative impacts. Public expressions mainly concentrate on crisis-related topics and their sentiment towards these topics varies significantly across the whole disaster periods. The findings can help crisis response managers understand the public's special concerns and panics with the evolution of disasters and further support their design and implementation of effective response strategies.
Notch Signaling and Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oral Tumorigenesis.

The NOTCH pathway is critical for the development of many cell types including the squamous epithelium lining of cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. In genetically engineered mouse models, Notch1 acts as one of the first steps to commit basal keratinocytes to terminally differentiate. Similarly, in human head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs), NOTCH1 is often lost consistent with its essential tumor-suppressive role for initiating keratinocyte differentiation. However, constitutive NOTCH1 activity in the epithelium results in expansion of the spinous keratinocyte layers and impaired terminal differentiation is consistent with the role of NOTCH1 as an oncogene in other cancers, especially in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We have previously observed that NOTCH1 plays a dual role as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene, depending on the mutational context of the tumor. Namely, gain or loss or NOTCH1 activity promotes the development of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers. The additional HPV oncogenes likely disrupt the tumor-suppressive activities of NOTCH and enable the oncogenic pathways activated by NOTCH to promote tumor growth. In this review, we detail the role of NOTCH pathway in head and neck cancers with a focus on HPV-associated cancers.
The Enslaved Dataset: A Real-world Complex Ontology Alignment Benchmark using Wikibase

Ontology alignment has taken a critical place for helping heterogeneous resources to interoperate. It has been studied for over a decade, and over that time many alignment systems and methods have been developed by researchers to find simple 1:1 equivalence matches between two ontologies. However, very few alignment systems focus on finding complex correspondences. Even if the complex alignment systems are developed, the performance of finding complex relations still has a lot of room for improvement. One reason for this limitation may be that there are still few applicable alignment benchmarks that contain such complex relationships that can raise researchers' interests. In this paper, we propose a real-world dataset from the Enslaved project as a potential complex alignment benchmark. The benchmark consists of two resources, the Enslaved Ontology along with a Wikibase repository holding a large number of instance data from the Enslaved project, as well as a manually created reference alignment between them. The alignment was developed in consultation with domain experts in the digital humanities. The alignment not only includes simple 1:1 equivalence correspondences, but also more complex m:n equivalence and subsumption correspondences and are provided in both Expressive and Declarative Ontology Alignment Language (EDOAL) format and rule syntax. The Enslaved benchmark has been incorporated into the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) 2020 and is completely free for public use to assist the researchers in developing and evaluating their complex alignment algorithms.
Nontrivial Fixed Point in the 4D $\Phi^4$ Lattice Model with Internal $O(N)$ Symmetry

It is shown that the infinite dimensional critical surface of general euclidean lattice actions in a generic four-dimensional scalar field theory with $\Phi^4$ interactions has a domain of special multicritical points where higher dimensional operators play a special role. Renormalized trajectories of higher derivative continuum field theories with nontrivial interactions are traced back to special ultraviolet stable fixed points on the manifold of multicritical points. These fixed points have an infinite number of relevant directions which identify the universality classes of critical higher derivative field theories. The relevance of the new fixed point structure is discussed within the context of the triviality Higgs mass bound.
Physiological plasticity and acclimatory responses to salinity stress are ion-specific in the mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer.

Abstract Freshwater salinization is a rapidly emerging ecological issue and is correlated with significant declines in aquatic biodiversity. It remains unclear how changing salinity regimes affect the physiology of sensitive aquatic insects. We used the parthenogenetic mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer, to ask how ionic exposure history alters physiological processes and responses to subsequent major ion exposures. Using radiotracers (22Na, 35SO4, and 45Ca), we observed that mayflies chronically reared in elevated sodium or sulfate (157 mg L−1 Na or 667 mg L−1 SO4) had 2-fold (p
Analysis of Torque Production in Axial-flux Vernier PM Machines of the MAGNUS Type

The paper presents a study of the torque production in a novel vernier-type axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) machine topology named MAGNUS. Two computational methods are employed, one based on the 3D FEA Maxwell stress calculations on individual stator and rotor components and one based on the analytical derivation of the air-gap flux density harmonics. Examples are provided for a design with a 40-pole spoke-type PM rotor and two stators, one active including a 3-phase winding with 6 concentrated coils wound around main teeth in a single layer arrangement and a second stator that has neither coils nor main slots and is profiled towards the airgap in the same way as the active stator. It is shown that auxiliary small teeth included in the stator main teeth yield a significant increase in the output torque and that the profiled stator has a lower contribution than the active stator to the total torque. A brief report on the ongoing development of a prototype motor is included.
Pasteurella haemolytica Vaccines and Their Effectiveness

Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 (Ph1) bacterins and bacterin-toxoids formulated in oil adjuvants induce protective immune responses approaching those induced by virulent Ph1. In comparison, aluminum hydroxide based adjuvants induce lower protective and serological immune responses. Bacterin-toxoid vaccines formulated in water-in-oil adjuvants induced high levels of protective immunity against transthoracic and field challenge. Bacterin-toxoid with oil-in-water adjuvant induced high protective immunity against transthoracic challenge and was superior to Ph1 bacterin-toxoid withAI(OH)3 adjuvant. Reactions at the point of inoculation vary with formulations, are usually inapparent if intramuscular, manageable if subcutaneous and disappear with time.
Discussion of Dr. Croce’s Paper

Carlo Croce has presented very convincing evidence that SV40 viral expression and malignancy are dominant in mouse-human hybrid cells. He has shown that the virus integrated into chromosome 7 in three independently transformed human lines and into chromosome 17 in a fourth. Clearly there is not a single site of integration, and one wonders whether chromosome 7 (or 17, for that matter) has more than one site of SVM-0 integration. This question could be answered by mapping the integration site, much as one would map any other gene locus, by starting with cell lines in which chromosome 7 has been split into two parts by a translocation, or by inducing breaks in chromosome 7 by irradiating hybrid cells in which there is still a diploid mouse complement and the only human chromosome present is a number 7 carrying an integrated SV40 viral genome.
The development and utilization of an in vivo RNA interference protocol to elucidate gene functions and identify potential drug targets in the filarial nematode Brugia malayi

85 INTRODUCTION 87 MATERIALS AND METHODS 90 Mosquito Maintenance and Injection Protocol 90 Establishing Brugia Infection 90 Gene Selection & dsRNA Generation 91 Relative Quantitative RT-PCR 93 Quantitative RT-qPCR 95 Phenotype Analysis 98 Statistical Analysis 99 RESULTS 100 Target Genes were Expressed During Mosquito Life Cycle Stages 100 In Squito Suppression of Target Genes was Potent and Specific 103 Brugia Gene Suppression Result in Aberrant Motility 110 Effect of dsRNA Exposure on Normal Knotting Behavior of L3 B. malayi 113 Worm Distribution is Significantly Altered with RNAi Suppression 116 Effect of B. malayi Target Gene Suppression on Worm Survival 120 Effect of B. malayi Target Gene Suppression on Mosquito Survival 120 DISCUSSION 122 The Robustness of the “In Squito” RNAi Protocol 122 Bm-tub-1 122 Bm-GluCl-α3A 123
Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation: I. Consumptive water use

Abstract Salt-tolerant crops can be grown with saline water from tile drains and shallow wells as a practical strategy to manage salts and sustain agricultural production in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) was grown in previously salinized plots that varied in average electrical conductivity (EC e ) from 1.8 to 7.2 dS m −1 (0–2.7 m depth) and irrigated with either high quality (EC i −1 ) or saline (EC i =6.7 dS m −1 ) water. One response of safflower to increasing root zone salinity was decreased water use and root growth. Plants in less saline plots recovered more water on average (515 mm) and at a greater depth than in more salinized plots (435 mm). With greater effective salinity, drainage increased with equivalent water application rates. Seed yield was not correlated with consumptive water use over the range of 400–580 mm. Total biomass and plant height at harvest were proportional to water use over the same range. Safflower tolerated greater levels of salinity than previously reported. Low temperatures and higher than average relative humidity in spring likely moderated the water use of safflower grown under saline conditions.
Searching for Extraterrestrial Life

The search for life outside the Earth is currently stuck in the same debate that once surrounded the quest for other planetary systems. Excellent scientists support a spectrum of views ranging from a strong sense that life is such an improbable state of matter that life on Earth is probably all the life there is, through grudging admission that there may be other planets inhabited by colonies of bacteria, to the idea that millions of technically advanced civilizations are contemplating this same question throughout the Galaxy (Goldsmith and Owen, 2002).
wmdb.*: rights protection for numeric relational data

We introduce wmdb.*, a solution for numeric relational data rights protection through watermarking. Rights protection for relational data is important in areas where sensitive, valuable content is to be outsourced. A good example is a data mining application, where data is sold in pieces to parties specialized in mining it. We show how various higher level semantic constraints such as classification preservation and maximum absolute change bounds are naturally handled and how random alteration attacks are well survived.
Alternative Methods of Sealing Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

One of the key limiting issues in designing and fabricating a high performance planar solid oxide fuel cell (pSOFC) stack is the development of the appropriate materials and techniques for hermetically sealing the metal and ceramic components. There are essentially two standard methods of sealing: (1) by forming a rigid joint or (2) by constructing a compressive “sliding” seal. While short-term success has been achieved with both techniques, it is apparent that to meet the long-term operational needs of stack designers, alternative sealing concepts will need to be conceived. Described below are two alternative pSOFC sealing methods that have been developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Atomic Layer Deposition of LiOH and Li2CO3 Using Lithium t-Butoxide as the Lithium Source

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was utilized to grow LiOH and Li2CO3 films using lithium tert-butoxide, H2O and CO2. Film growth was monitored with a quartz crystal microbalance at 225 °C. LiOH ALD had a growth rate of 12.7 ng•cm-2•cycle-1 before displaying evidence for hygroscopic behavior. Li2CO3 ALD had a growth rate of 17.1 ng•cm-2•cycle-1. The film identities were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Lithium-containing films are present in the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite anodes of Li-ion batteries. The ALD of an artificial SEI layer may limit lithium loss and improve the capacity stability during charge-discharge cycles.
Black-White Differences in Achievement: The Importance of Wealth.

In this article, the author argues that wealth, which is an indicator of both financial and human capital, can affect academic achievement, as well as help to explain the gap in black-white test scores. Analyses reveal that wealth affects achievement through its effect on the amount of cultural capital to which a child is exposed. Because blacks have substantially less wealth than do whites, wealth can help to explain a portion of the racial achievement gap. The implications of the findings are discussed
Identification of density-stratified waters in the late-Pleistocene North Atlantic: A faunal derivation

An expanded study of the radiolarian Cycladophora davisiana in late-Pleistocene North Atlantic marine sediments shows that over the last several hundred thousand years this species exhibits large variations in relative abundance. The C. davisiana curves in the North Atlantic cores are quite similar, with easily recognizable features common to all records. Minor deviations from the general pattern of this species' abundance apparently reflect the response of C. davisiana to specific oceanographic conditions characteristic of a particular area within the North Atlantic. C. davisiana occurs today in high abundance (>20%) only in the Sea of Okhotsk. Extensive winter and early spring sea-ice cover coupled with low surface-water salinities during summer and fall is responsible for maintaining near-freezing subsurface temperatures in this northwest Pacific marginal sea as well as relatively stable temperatures and salinities at depths below a shallow subsurface temperature minimum. During periods in the late Pleistocene, high C. davisiana abundances (>20%) in the North Atlantic were probably associated with oceanographic properties similar to those that exist in the Sea of Okhotsk today. Because of the relationship between relatively stable subsurface temperatures and salinities and high abundance levels of C. davisiana, analysis of this species' abundance pattern at several locations throughout the high-latitude North Atlantic should assist in identifying source areas of deep-water formation and determining the duration of deep convective processes at these sites.