cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A kinetic study of cation transport in erythrocytes from uremic patients

A kinetic study of cation transport from uremic patients. We previously described in red blood cells (RBCs) from uremic patients on dialysis a reduction in sodium (Na) efflux through the Na, potassium (K) cotransport system (Na,K CoT) while Na efflux through the Na,K pump was normal. We then examined Na efflux in fresh cells and in cells loaded to obtain one level of intracellular sodium (Na i ) concentration at about 25 mmol/liter cell. In the present study we used similar cation flux methodology to examine the kinetics of cation efflux through the Na,K pump and Na,K CoT in uremic patients on dialysis. RBCs were Na-loaded to attain five different levels of Nat concentration over a range of 5 to 50 mmol/liter cells using the ionophore nystatin. At each level of Na-loading, the Na i achieved was similar in RBCs from controls and patients. Ouabain–sensitive Na efflux through the Na,K pump showed no difference in rate between normals and dialysis patients. When the kinetic parameters of this transport pathway were considered, the apparent affinity (K 0.5 ) for sodium was not significantly different between controls and patients (18.4 ± 2.3 vs. 20.0 ± 2.6 mmol/liter cell) and the maximal velocity of efflux (V max ) was also not different between controls and patients (9.6 ± 0.7 vs. 8.5 ± 1.2 mmolsliter cellshr). Comparison of Na i -activated Na versus K efflux rates through the Na,K CoT in normal subjects demonstrated similar saturation kinetics, (K 0.5 15.8 ± 3.3 vs. 12.2 ± 2.8 mmol/liter cell, V max 0.81 ± 0.1 vs. 0.78 ± 0.1 mmol/liter cell/hr) consistent with the known stoichiometric ratio of 1 Na:l K:2 C1 described for this mechanism. In dialysis patients Na i -activated, Na,K CoT-mediated Na efflux was markedly reduced. Analysis of the kinetic parameters of Na 1 -activated Na efflux showed that the reduced RBC Na,K CoT is due to reduction in V max and not to a change in K 0.5 Maximum furosemide–sensitive K efflux rate was also reduced in dialysis patients. However, instead of exhibiting the anticipated saturation kinetics observed for Na, the K efflux rates were high at low levels of Na i and remained unchanged with increasing Na i concentrations. Ouabain- and furosemide-resistant Na and K effluxes were not significantly different between normals and dialysis patients. We conclude that Na efflux through RBC Na,K pump is intact over a wide range of Na i concentrations in dialysis patients. On the other hand, the furosemide–sensitive co-efflux of Na and K, which in normal RBCs displayed a typical 1 Na to 1 K transport characteristic, was quantitatively and qualitatively altered in dialysis patients. The maximum efflux rate of both Na and K was reduced and in addition, the usual stoichiometric ratio for Na and K exit through this furosemide–sensitive pathway was no longer observed.
DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL IN-BETWEENITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY*

Abstract The Dialectical Theory of Cultural In-Betweenity proposes three main identification patterns among the black intelligentsia: Capitulation to the dominant culture, Revitalization of the indigenous culture, and Radicalization of both so as to arrive at a new and higher synthesis. Three scales corresponding to the identification patterns were constructed and a comparative study was conducted on two college samples. One group consisted of 45 Somali students being trained in the United States. The other group consisted of 57 Somali students being trained in Somalia. Specific hypotheses comparing the two groups were tested and mostly confirmed by means of various psychological instruments. Investigation into the component features of each identification pattern led to further refinement of the theory. Factor analytic explorations suggested the prevalence of distinct ethos, group reference, and self-image within each orientation. Capitalist ethos, elitism, and inferiority complex seem to be characterist...
Doppler removal losses using single-sideband frequency shifting for direct-sequence BPSK links

The process of removing the Doppler frequency of the input signal in the receiver on the input is performed by a Doppler removal circuit. The paper addresses the effects of quantizing the ideal sine waves for implementing the Doppler removal (a single-sideband rotation). Quantization levels of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 bits are considered and the quantization losses associated with those quantization levels are determined12.
Sonographic features of carcinoma of the gallbladder

The sonographic features of carcinoma of the gallbladder are reviewed. Four cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder are presented which illustrate some, but not all, of the sonographic findings resulting from this abnormality. The findings illustrated are (a) a small gallbladder containing stones associated with a mass in the porta hepatis, (b) diffuse gallbladder thickening, fixation, and irregularity, (c) a papillary mass with an irregular border projecting from the gallbladder wall, and (d) a small, localized area of gallbladder wall thickening associated with cholelithiasis. Although inflammatory disease of the gallbladder can present similar sonographic findings, the correlation of the clinical findings and close inspection of the sonographic changes illustrated and described in this publication may allow the only means of a preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder.
Use of membrane transport in an absorption thermal transfer cycle

A thermal transfer cycle utilizing membrane osmotic transport of water against a pressure rise is investigated from the viewpoint of the operation of a conventional absorption heat pump using an aqueous solution as the working fluid. Physical sorption, similar or equivalent to condensation, of water vapor in the membrane material is considered to be an essential step in the overall process of water transport. The thermal nature of this step, during which the heat of sorption similar in amount to the heat of condensation for water vapor must evolve at the evaporator temperature or lower, disqualifies the system in performance as a heat pump. Simple flow relations for the aqueous sugar solution are derived under simplifying assumptions. A set of numerical calculations is given to show that the inferred steps are well within the limits of thermodynamics.
Benzo(a)pyrene levels in several indoor environments with kerosene heaters and wood-burning fireplaces

Abstract Results of this study showed that the use of a radiant-type kerosene heater or a poorly-vented wood-burning fireplace resulted in substantial increases (up to 10 times background) of benzo(a)pyrene levels (on airborne particulates) in indoor environments.
Unitarity and irrationality for the quantum algebra Uq[SU(2)]

We consider the irreducible highest-weight finite-dimensional representations of the quantum algebra Uq[SU(2)], for q=exp(iπp0) with 2<p0<∞. We find that there are three classes of such representations, which are characterized by their parity: +1 (corresponding to unitary representations), −1, and no definite parity. The representations of definite parity have dimensions that are given by the Takahashi-Suzuki numbers corresponding to the value of p0. We suggest that these representations may be relevant for conformal field theory.
Systemic and Local Oxygen Effects on Rat Axial Pattern Flap Survival

A quantitative evaluation of the effects of systemic and local oxygen on the survival of experimental axial pattern flaps in male rats was carried out.Group 1: Controls. Flaps were raised and sutured back.Group 2: Rats have been exposed to 96% O2 and 75% relative humidity for 42 h. After three days they have been operated upon.Group 3: Flaps have been raised and treated locally with 96% O2 and 75% relative humidity for 42 h while the rats breathed 21 % O2.Group 4: Daily exposure of the animals to 96% O2 at 1 ata. for 2 h during three consecutive days following surgery. The mean necrotic rate of the flaps on postoperative day 8 was in experiments 1 through 4: 44.42%; 39.61% (p<0.1); 43.25% (N.S.) and 41.84% (N.S.) respectively. We conclude that local and systemic O2 did not improve survival of flaps in rats.
Light-scattering studies of bovine submaxillary mucin.

Light-scattering measurements of bovine submaxillary mucin yield molecular weights of 4·106 in water and aqueous NaCl solutions. The shape of the molecule was that of a rigid rod and the length of the rod was evaluated. The contribution of the mucin molecule to the viscosity of solution was calculated on the basis of the molecular parameters and found to be in good agreement with the experimental value. The mucin was found to be a polydisperse system as indicated by the comparison of the number and weight average molecular weights.
Triple-helical DNA as a reversible block of the branch point in a partially symmetrical DNA four-arm junction.

Abstract DNA branch migration is a fundamental process in genetic recombination. A new model system has been developed for studying branch migration in a small synthetic four-arm junction. A mathematical method for describing branch-point movement by discrete steps in such junctions is also presented. The key to our experimental system is the ability to fix the location of the branch point during the assembly of the junction with a reversible block. The block is provided by a short oligonucleotide that forms triplex DNA adjacent to the initial location branch point at low pH. Raising the pH causes the triplex strand to dissociate, making the branch point free to migrate. Once mobile, the branch point can run off the end of the junction. The time-course for this runoff is consistent with a random walk of the branch point. If it is assumed that one migration step moves the branch point one base-pair, the time-course gives a rate constant for one step of 1.4 second −1 at 37°C in 10 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM NaCl. These values are consistent with other measurements of non-enzymatic branch migration. We have also monitored the spread of the branch points directly with T4 endonuclease VII. Using Eco RI restriction endonuclease, we have shown that the binding of this protein to the arms of the junction essentially blocks branch migration through the binding site. In these experiments Ca 2+ replaces Mg 2+ , and the enzyme does not cleave the DNA. In vivo there must be a special process to get branch points to migrate past bound proteins.
Optimal Selling Rule in a Regime Switching Lévy Market

This paper is concerned with a finite-horizon optimal selling rule problem when the underlying stock price movements are modeled by a Markov switching Levy process. Assuming that the transaction fee of the selling operation is a function of the underlying stock price, the optimal selling rule can be obtained by solving an optimal stopping problem. The corresponding value function is shown to be the unique viscosity solution to the associated HJB variational inequalities. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the results.
T2* Dependence of Low Frequency Functional Connectivity

Resting state low frequency (<0.08 Hz) fluctuations in MR timecourses that are temporally correlated between functionally related areas have been observed in recent studies. These fluctuations have been assumed to arise from spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) oscillations. This work examines the T(2)(*) characteristics of the low frequency fluctuations (functional connectivity) and compares them to those of task activation induced signal changes. Multi-echo spiral data were fit using a mono-exponential decay model to generate T(2)(*) and intensity (I(0)) parameter timecourses. Resultant correlation maps show that both functional connectivity and BOLD activation modulate T(2)(*), not I(0). Regression analysis also finds that both have a linear dependence on echo time. Thus, functional connectivity and task activation MR signal changes appear to arise from the same BOLD-related origins.
Potent Actions of the Pyrethroid Insecticides Cismethrin and Cypermethrin on Rat Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Peripheral Nerve (SNS/PN3) Sodium Channels Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes

Abstract The rat peripheral nerve tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant voltage-sensitive sodium channel (designated SNS/PN3) was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the responses of the expressed channels to two pyrethroid insecticides, cismethrin and cypermethrin, were assessed by recording macroscopic sodium currents under voltage clamp conditions. Each pyrethroid produced two distinct modifications of sodium currents carried by SNS/PN3 channels: a sustained, slowly inactivating current evident during a depolarizing pulse and a prominent tail current following repolarization. In addition, high concentrations of cismethrin produced a reduction of the amplitude of the peak transient sodium current. Cismethrin-induced tail currents decayed with a first-order decay constant (τ) of 14.7 ms, whereas cypermethrin-induced tail currents were much more persistent (τ = 558 ms). Modified currents were obtained in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of each compound, and the amplitude of the modified currents exhibited a strong concentration dependence. High concentrations of cismethrin and cypermethrin shifted the voltage dependence of activation of SNS/PN3 sodium channels by ∼5 mV in the direction of hyperpolarization and the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation by ∼8–10 mV in the direction of depolarization. The high sensitivity of the SNS/PN3 sodium channel to pyrethroids is consistent with the identification of this channel isoform as the principal carrier of the TTX-resistant, pyrethroid-sensitive sodium current of dorsal root ganglion neurons.
The Science of Storytelling: Measuring Policy Beliefs in Greater Yellowstone

ABSTRACT This study of Greater Yellowstone interest groups uses a mixed methodology that addresses methodological criticisms of narrative policy analysis. Three research questions guide the research: (1) Is it possible to connect narratives found in public consumption documents to interest group policy beliefs? (2) Can narratives be made falsifiable? (3) Does a quantified method add to the usefulness and explanatory power of narrative policy analysis? Seventy-five public consumption documents from the Greater Yellowstone Coalition and the Blue Ribbon Coalition were content analyzed for policy beliefs. The results indicate statistically significant differences between the two groups for all three policy beliefs: federalism, science, and the relationship between humans and nature. Despite these statistically significant results, some of the findings run counter to expectations. The implications of the study's methodological approach are explored.
Avoiding the Issue: Racism and Administrative Responsibility in Public Administration

This article explicates the meaning of race and its institutionalization within public administration theory and practice. An argument is presented that conceptualizations of administrative responsibility in public administration have oversimplified or ignored what Gunnar Myrdal described more than 50 years ago as "the American dilemma. " Racism is an integral and often invisible component of the customary morality—a historically constructed system of meaning that establishes the customs and practices of a people. The author demonstrates that within public administration theory, administrative responsibility originates in customary morality. Brief suggestions are offered as to how administrators might confront a problem they are unable to resolve but are, nonetheless, compelled to address.
Avian Reproduction: A Sociobiological Perspective

Abstract INTRODUCTION Behavior is modulated greatly by prior experience and present circumstances acting on and through neural and endocrine mediators. The ultimate basis for the sensory-motor apparatus of an organism is the genetic code carried by each cell. This code sets boundaries on types of stimuli that can be received and, by designing receptor systems and integration circuits, basically establishes not only the form but also the functional behaviors exhibited. However, continual input from past and present experiences, as well as expectations of consequences of alternatives, influences the ongoing stream of behavior. Information about ways in which neural and endocrine systems operate in concert to receive and integrate internal and external stimuli and modulate ongoing behavior is rapidly accumulating. Unfortunately, much of the information is highly technical and specialized, and interdisciplinary teams are increasingly rare. This symposium represents a limited approach to coordinating presentation of information on one important aspect of …
GYNECOLOGIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent modality with which to delineate normal anatomic structures and a variety of pathologic conditions in the female pelvis. It excels at demonstrating the extent of local tumor involvement in cases of endometrial and cervical cancer. It can help to elucidate the origin and nature of a variety of benign pelvic masses in cases where ultrasound findings are equivocal, and it is an accurate tool in demonstrating congenital abnormalities of the female reproductive tract. As technology continues to evolve, MRI will likely assume an even greater role in evaluating the female pelvis.
Text retrieval and routing techniques based on an inference net

The TIPSTER detection project at the University of Massachusetts is focusing on information retrieval and routing techniques for large, full-text databases, including Japanese. The project approach is to use improved representations of text and information needs in the framework of a probabilistic inference net model of retrieval.
Serum autoantibodies in pristane induced lupus are regulated by neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin

The onset of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmunity can be the result of a breakdown in tolerance at multiple checkpoints. Genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors can combine with environmental influences to accelerate the onset of disease and aggravate disease outcome. Here, we describe a novel mechanism relating to the regulatory role of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in modulating the levels of autoantibodies in pristane induced lupus. Following a single injection of pristane intraperitoneally, NGAL expression was induced in both the serum and spleen. Furthermore, NGAL deficient mice were more susceptible to the induction of pristane stimulated autoimmunity, and displayed higher numbers of autoantibody secreting cells and increased expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and other inflammatory mediators in the spleen. In contrast, kidney damage was milder in NGAL deficient mice, indicating that NGAL was detrimental in autoantibody mediated kidney disease. These studies indicate that NGAL plays differential roles in different tissues in the context of lupus, and suggest a previously unrecognized role for NGAL in adaptive immunity.
Multiple amino acid supplementations to reduce dietary protein in plant-based rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, feeds

Reducing dietary protein in trout feeds will reduce production costs if growth performance can be maintained. A study was conducted to determine if balancing plant-based diets on an available amino acid basis to the profile of trout muscle would result in equal performance with a reduction in total protein level. The diets were formulated to contain either 45 or 35% intact crude protein (45CP and 35CP diets, respectively). To these basal diets, lysine, methionine, threonine and glycine were supplemented to be equivalent to 450 g/kg protein from rainbow trout muscle (45AA and 35AA, respectively) on an available amino acid basis. A fifth diet was formulated to contain 35% crude protein from plant proteins and supplemented as for the 35AA diet but only with lysine, methionine and threonine (35AA-Gly). The diets were fed to apparent satiation to triplicate tanks of 25, 20 g rainbow trout for a period of 12-weeks. Amino acid supplementation improved weight gain by 11% in the 45AA diet over the 45CP diet and by 11.6 and 15% in the 35AA and 35AA-Gly diets relative to the 35CP diet. Feed conversion ratio was poorest for the 35CP diet compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiencies were improved in the 35AA and 35AA-Gly dietary treatments compared to the 45CP treatment. Intraperitoneal fat ratio decreased with amino acid supplementation at both crude protein levels. Muscle ratio increased by 10% when amino acids were supplemented to the 45CP diet and by an average of 13.6% when amino acids were supplemented to the 35CP diet. Amino acid supplementation reduced the retention efficiency of lysine with no affects on methionine and threonine. Retention efficiencies of isoleucine and leucine were increased by amino acid supplementation at both basal protein levels. Glycine supplementation had no beneficial effects on fish performance. In conclusion, dietary crude protein content of plant-based diets for rainbow trout can be reduced from 46 to 41.5% by supplementing lysine, methionine, and threonine with no reduction in growth and an improvement in protein retention efficiency and muscle ratio.
Oxidation of phytosterols in a test food system

The oxidative stability of phytosterols in canola, coconut, peanut, and soybean oils was examined under simulated frying conditions of 100, 150, and 180°C for 20 h. The degree of oxidative decomposition was assessed by the loss of phytosterols, accumulation of phytosterol oxides, and the change in fatty acid profiles. The phytosterol oxides produced in the oils were identified using mass spectroscopy. Oils with higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed greater amounts of sterol loss; however, the sterol loss was less complete than in the more saturated oils. A greater variety of sterol oxides was observed at the lower temperatures of 100 and 150°C compared to 180°C. This study demonstrates that under conditions similar to frying, there is a loss of phytosterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The accumulation of phytosterol oxides may be temperature-limited because of further break-down into products not measurable by typical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques.
Characteristics of bovine lung as observed by scanning electron microscopy

The surface characteristics of the intrapulmonary airways and alveoli of the lungs from 12 young adult cattle examined by the scanning electron microscope are described. When compared with similar studies of the lungs of various other mammalian species, the bovine lung generally resembles that of other mammals except for several important features: (1) Alveolar pores of Kohn are small and extremely rare; (2) Alveolar macrophages are seldom seen in alveolar air spaces; (3) Interlobular septa completely separate the lung into distinct lobules.
Lessons from An Alternative View

Kent V. Flannery's recent model of the development of early agriculture in Oaxaca rejects interpretations of ecological change suggested by palynological research undertaken as an aspect of the multidisciplinary research program he initiated in 1965. It also rejects the palynological conclusion that a maize-like plant was cultivated in Oaxaca prior to and throughout the Naquitz Phase. This paper develops the position that Flannery's alternative interpretations are structured by assumptions which are usually applied in archeological research but which are debatable in the present case, and by his commitment to a particular theoretical position. Two lessons are learned from this analysis: (a) assumptions and theories buried deeply in the matrix of conventional research practices affect even our identification of “observed data,” and (b) some accepted archeological wisdom about the nature and values of multidisciplinary research may be surprisingly naive.
Roadway Proximity and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Women

Background—Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major source of mortality and is the first manifestation of heart disease for the majority of cases. Thus, there is a definite need to identify risk factors for SCD that can be modified at the population level. Exposure to traffic, measured by residential roadway proximity, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine whether roadway proximity was associated with an increased risk of SCD and to compare that risk with the risk of other coronary heart disease outcomes. Methods and Results—A total of 523 cases of SCD were identified over 26 years of follow-up among 107 130 members of the prospective Nurses’ Health Study. We calculated residential distance to roadways at all residential addresses from 1986 to 2012. In age- and race-adjusted models, women living within 50 m of a major roadway had an elevated risk of SCD (hazard ratio=1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.05). The association was atten...
ZnSxO1-x Films Grown on Flexible Substrates

Bandgap engineered ZnSxO1-x films were grown on Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) substrates and analyzed using transmission spectroscopy. FEP is considered as a potential substrate for application in flexible electronics and semiconductor films.
Decoding cognitive states from neural activities of somatosensory cortex

Advanced dexterous prosthetics technology has been under rapid development as a potential solution to upper limb amputation. An important problem in the neural prosthetics design is to develop control policies for prosthesis movements. This requires an estimation of cognitive states. Previous works mostly used premotor and primary motor neurons to estimate cognitive states. Here we demonstrate that the recorded neural activity from the somatosensory cortex can be used to estimate cognitive states in complex behavioral tasks. We measure the latencies between the predicted cognitive state transitions and true transitions. The maximum prediction latency for grasping a sphere, pulling a mallet, pushing a button and pulling a cylinder are 42±21 ms, 91.6±10.7 ms, 177.1±94.6 ms, 22.5±74.5 ms, respectively. These latency estimates indicate that good timing of the cognitive states with small latencies can be obtained from the somatosensory neural data to plan movements of prosthetic limbs.
Memory-Efficient Semi-Quasi Renormalization for Arithmetic Coding

We propose a highly efficient, look-up table-based, renormalization method that can be used by any binary arithmetic encoder with the follow-on procedure. It replaces the time-consuming branching operations in the renormalization process with table look-ups and some simple bit-wise operations. We show that our new renormalization method outperforms the currently used ones with much less memory requirement than the previously known, table-based quasi-coder
Mentoring relationships and interpersonal orientation

This exploratory study provides information on the interpersonal orientation of CPA firm professionals, which augments our knowledge of personality types. The study of Big Six audit personnel used the FIRO‐B measure of interpersonal orientation and found that the average social index indicator (SII) of overall interpersonal needs was lower than the national average and higher than prior studies taken of undergraduate accounting and business students. In contrast to most prior studies, we found gender differences in interpersonal orientation. Having a mentor can enhance work effectiveness and increase opportunities for personal success. Mentor relationships vary in intensity and duration as to the type of support. Interpersonal factors are likely to influence the path of a relationship. We found that the number of strong support relationships is usually higher at the manager level, as compared with the senior level. Interpersonal orientation as measured by the FIRO‐B score was positively correlated with both receiving and providing support relationships.
GRABIT: a large-area, broad-bandwidth, gamma-ray imaging spectrometer for astrophysics

GRABIT is the gamma-ray bar imaging telescope, a low-energy gamma-ray (60-600 keV) imaging spectrometer that can be extended to a large area at low cost. GRABIT has a gamma-ray position-resolution of 2 mm with an energy resolution typical of alkali-halide detectors (18% at 60 keV). The complete coded-aperture telescope will have arc-minute angular resolution over a large field of view. In addition, the good energy and angular resolutions are obtained over the full bandwidth of the instrument.
Operator placement for in-network stream query processing

In sensor networks, data acquisition frequently takes place at low-capability devices. The acquired data is then transmitted through a hierarchy of nodes having progressively increasing network band-width and computational power. We consider the problem of executing queries over these data streams, posed at the root of the hierarchy. To minimize data transmission, it is desirable to perform "in-network" query processing: do some part of the work at intermediate nodes as the data travels to the root. Most previous work on in-network query processing has focused on aggregation and inexpensive filters. In this paper, we address in-network processing for queries involving possibly expensive conjunctive filters, and joins. We consider the problem of placing operators along the nodes of the hierarchy so that the overall cost of computation and data transmission is minimized. We show that the problem is tractable, give an optimal algorithm, and demonstrate that a simpler greedy operator placement algorithm can fail to find the optimal solution. Finally we define a number of interesting variations of the basic operator placement problem and demonstrate their hardness.
Metric tensors for anisotropic mesh generation

It has been amply demonstrated that significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency can be gained when a properly chosen anisotropic mesh is used in the numerical solution for a large class of problems which exhibit anisotropic solution features. In practice, an anisotropic mesh is commonly generated as a quasi-uniform mesh in the metric determined by a tensor specifying the shape, size, orientation of elements. Thus, it is crucial to choose an appropriate metric tensor for anisotropic mesh generation and adaptation. In this paper, we develop a general formula for the metric tensor for use in any spatial dimension. The formulation is based on error estimates for polynomial preserving interpolation on simiplicial elements. Numerical results in two-dimensions are presented to demonstrate the ability of the metric tensor to produce anisotropic meshes with correct mesh concentration and good overall quality. The procedure developed in this paper for defining the metric tensor can also be applied to other types of error estimates.
Ludwig von Mises: The Man and His Economics

Kirzner, Israel M. (2001). Ludwig von Mises: The Man and His Economics. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books. ISBN 1-882926-61-7. xv, 226 pp.
Case studies of damage to 19‐storey irregular steel moment‐frame buildings under near‐source ground motion

This paper describes the three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of six 19-storey steel moment-frame buildings, designed per the 1997 Uniform Building Code, under strong ground motion records from near-source earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 6.7–7.3. Three of these buildings possess a reentrant corner irregularity, while the remaining three possess a torsional plan irregularity. The records create drift demands of the order of 0.05 and plastic rotation demands of the order of 4–5% of a radian in the buildings with reentrant corners. These values point to performance at or near ‘Collapse Prevention’. Twisting in the torsionally sensitive buildings causes the plastic rotations on the moment frame on one face of the building (4–5% of a radian) to be as high as twice of that on the opposite face (2–3% of a radian). The asymmetric yield pattern implies a lower redundancy in the lateral force-resisting system as the failure of the heavily loaded frame could result in a total loss of resistance to torsion.
Can Lifestyle Modification Increase Survival in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer

Epidemiologic studies have linked diets high in vegetables and fruit with an increased likelihood of survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer, and clinical and epidemiologic studies have identified obesity as an important negative prognostic factor. Of the 26 studies published since 1990 that examined the relationship with obesity and survival, 17 reported a significant inverse relationship. Five of the eight cohort studies of breast cancer survivors that examined intakes of vegetables, fruit and related micronutrients published since 1985 reported a positive relationship between these factors and survival. The hypothesis that lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity may improve the prognosis in women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer is currently under study. The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study is a randomized controlled study that tests the effects of a diet high in vegetables, fruit and fiber and low in fat on disease-free survival after treatment for early stage breast cancer (n = 3109). In the Healthy Weight Management for Breast Cancer Survivors Study, a multifaceted approach to promoting weight loss and long-term weight maintenance is being tested in 85 women at risk for breast cancer recurrence. The intervention emphasizes increased physical activity, strategies to improve body image and self-acceptance, and cognitive-behavioral therapy to promote healthy eating attitudes and behaviors. The results of these studies will contribute to understanding the roles of diet and physical activity in the progression of breast cancer.
Effects of Direct Steam Heating and Vacuum Treatments on the Chemical Composition of Milk with Especial Reference to Substances Involved in Oxidized Flavor Development

Summary Milk was heated with live steam to from 190 to 240° F. and subjected to vacuum treatments of approximately 9 in. of mercury in one vacuum chamber and 20 in. of mercury in a second vacuum chamber. The direct steam heating and vacuum equipment were used in conjunction with a H.T.S.T. pasteurizing system and a homogenizer. The combined steam heating and vacuum treatment was found to produce a significant denaturation of whey proteins, as measured by the increase in the activity of sulfhydryl groups and the decrease in whey protein nitrogen. The decrease in whey protein nitrogen was shown to be approximately that which would be expected from published data on the effect of indirect heating. However, the extent of activation of sulfhydryl groups was lower than had been expected. The possibility that the vacuum treatment removed some of the volatile sulfhydryls was discussed. Increased activation of sulfhydryl groups was observed upon homogenization, particularly after direct steam heating. It was suggested that sulfhydryl activation may be a factor contributing to the high resistance of homogenized milk to oxidized flavor development. The lack of correlation between the nitroprusside test and cooked flavor is believed to indicate that the nitroprusside test is less sensitive than flavor perception, or that cooked flavor is not necessarily due to nitroprusside reactive substances. A high retention of ascorbic acid was observed in milk subjected to direct steam heating and vacuum treatment. This effect, along with resistance to oxidized flavor development, was noted even in milks to which copper was added. The removal of oxygen by the vacuum treatment and the activation of sulfhydryl groups by the heat treatment were considered to be contributing factors. Homogenization was also shown to contribute to the stability of ascorbic acid and flavor. However, homogenization alone was less effective than the combination of homogenization with steam heating-vacuum treatment.
A fully integrated zero-IF transceiver for GSM-GPRS quad band application

A GPRS GSM850/GSM/DCS/PCS fully integrated transceiver occupies 14mm/sup 2/ in 0.35/spl mu/m SiGe technology. A direct conversion receiver, transmitter, synthesizer, VCO, voltage regulators and loop filters are fully integrated. The chip meets the GPRS specifications including settling time of 105/spl mu/s in RX mode, NF of 3dB for GSM, TX phase error of 2/spl deg/ RMS, and PLL phase noise of -84dBc/Hz at a 1kHz offset at 3.6GHz.
Commentary: Off the Diving Board: From Poetry Into Literacy

Ours has become,in the United States,an era when evaluation of school success:of students, teachers, and entire systems, has devolved into derivative fact—emphasizing paper-and-pencil tests.Each of these components suffers from such limited evaluation. Teachers, administrators and policy makers need to assert that a literacy program cannot be successful unless it is evaluated to highlight a wide variety of problem-setting and problem-solving processes, many of which cannot be measured exclusively on paper.
Pheochromocytoma and Extra-adrenal Paraganglioma: Updates

Abstract Context.—Advances in genetics and gene expression profiling have led to new ways of thinking about the pathobiology of pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma. These developments are concurrent with the publication and dissemination of the 2004 World Health Organization bluebook on pathology and genetics of endocrine tumors. Objective.—To summarize new information required by pathologists for effective participation in patient management and research. Data Sources.—Literature review and primary material from Tufts Medical Center. Conclusions.—The World Health Organization reserves the term pheochromocytoma for tumors arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. Closely related tumors in extra-adrenal sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia are classified as extra-adrenal paragangliomas. A pheochromocytoma is an intra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma. Although arbitrary, this nomenclature emphasizes important distinctive properties of intra-adrenal tumors, including an often...
A Comparison of Three Bioassay Techniques to Determine Amitraz Susceptibility in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

The ability of the Miller, Soberanes, and White bioassay techniques to describe amitraz susceptibility in three different strains of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) was compared. For a susceptible strain, all techniques adequately described amitraz susceptibility by producing a full range of mortality that corresponded with increasing concentration of amitraz. However, when resistant strains were evaluated, only the Miller and the Soberanes techniques adequately estimated the dose–response relationship. Lethal concentrations were not precisely estimated when all the data were included in the analyses for every strain and technique tested. Better estimates were obtained when subsets of data around the range of interest were subjected to probit analysis. For the Soberanes technique, the slope of the probit regression was steeper for the Brazilian resistant and Texan susceptible strains compared with the heterozygous Mexican strain. The pattern was different when the same strains were tested with the Miller technique. The slopes of the regressions for the Mexican and the Texan strains did not differ significantly, but the Brazilian strain had a steeper slope than the other strains. Resistance ratios were much greater when the Soberanes technique was used than when the Miller technique was used on the same strains. However, neither technique produced enough separation between susceptible and resistant strains to develop a traditional discriminating dose (DD) test that required a concentration of 2× LC99.9 estimate. A DD test at the LC99 would be possible for both techniques. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the three techniques, including potential improvements to the White technique. The White technique has the greatest potential to determine the mechanisms of amitraz resistance in detailed synergist studies. Currently, only the Miller method can fulfill this task. The Miller and Soberanes techniques are well suited for the study of the epidemiology of resistance worldwide, because they use commercially available, formulated amitraz that is easy and inexpensive to obtain.
Copper antimony chalcogenide thin film PV device development

Emerging ternary chalcogenide thin film solar cell technologies, such as CuSbS2 and CuSbSe2, have recently attracted attention as simpler alternatives to quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). Despite suitable photovoltaic properties, the initial energy conversion efficiency of CuSbS2 is rather low (0.3%). Here, we report on our progress towards improving the efficiency of CuSbS2 solar cells using a high throughput approach. The combinatorial methodology quickly results in baseline solar cell prototypes with 0.6% efficiency, and then modification of the back contact architecture leads to 1% PV devices. We then translate the optimal CuSbS2 synthesis parameters to CuSbSe2 devices, which show 3% efficiencies
Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Fe-Cr Alloys With 〈001〉 Tilt Boundaries: An Atomistic Study

The objective of this study is to examine lattice thermal conductivity (κ) of Fe-Cr alloys containing different 〈001〉 tilt grain boundaries (GBs). The effects of Cr concentration (2 and 10%) and three different 〈001〉 tilt boundaries (Σ5{310}, Σ13{510}, and Σ17{530}) have been examined at 70K using the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (rNEMD) simulation technique. The results exhibit higher κ for Fe or Fe-Cr models with Σ5[310] GB. The values are 2–4% and 12–16% more than those of models with Σ13[510] and Σ17[530] GBs, respectively. Pure Fe single crystal models exhibit higher conductivities than Fe/Fe-Cr models with various Σ tilt boundaries. κ decreases 7–9% as GBs are introduced into the pure Fe single crystal models. On the other hand, the conductivities of Fe-Cr models are affected more by the Cr concentration than the presence of a particular GB. As 10% Cr is added into the system the conductivity decreases by 7.6–9.4% compared to the pure Fe models.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The Relationship between Status Consumption and Materialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Chinese, Mexican, and American Student

This paper examines the individual difference variables of materialism (as measured by Richins and Dawson 1992) and status consumption (as measured by Kilsheimer 1993) across three countries (U.S.A., Peoples Republic of China, and Mexico) of college students. The study addresses the reliability of the two constraints as well as the relationship between these two constructs within and between countries. The results suggest that status consumption and materialism are significantly different constructs in all three countries surveyed. Additionally, while there are statistically significant differences in the materialism levels across all three countries, there are no statistically significant differences in the level of status consumption for the American, Chinese, and Mexican consumers surveyed. This suggests that consuming for status has equal importance in all three countries. The implications for international Marketing Managers are suggested.
Imaging Electroluminescence from Individual Nanoparticles in an Array Exhibiting Room Temperature Single Electron Effect

Electroluminescence (EL) from the monolayer of a network of a one-dimensional (1D) necklace of 10 nm Au particles (nano)cemented by CdS is imaged. The EL and photoluminescence (PL) spectra confirm the emission from CdS. The EL emission blinks and is highly specular. The position of the speckles from individual CdS cement sites is independent of magnitude and polarity of the applied bias. The EL is explained by field-assisted ionization of the cement due to high internal fields in the array caused by stationary local charging that also leads to robust single electron effect at room temperature.
Statistical Comparison of Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Development on Balsam Fir and on Red and Black Spruce

A statistical analysis of field data was performed in order to document the difference in spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana , development on balsam fir and red and black spruce. The analysis was based on data collected in New Brunswick over a 10-year period. The results document statistically that budworm development on balsam fir is faster than that on red and black spruce.
The omnipresence of grace: revisiting the relationship between Ad Gentes and Nostra Aetate 50 years later:

This article considers the relationship between Vatican II’s Decree on the Church’s Missionary Activity (Ad Gentes) and its Declaration on Non-Christian Religions (Nostra Aetate) as a way of better...
Compatibility of plastic infusion devices with diluted N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide

Leaching of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) from i.v. sets and polyvinyl chloride bags was studied with solutions of a new anticancer drug, N-methylformamide (NMF), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a structurally related solvent used in the formulation of some anticancer drugs. Solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride, 5 and 10% DMA in 0.9% sodium chloride, and 20, 40, and 60% NMF in 0.9% sodium chloride were used to fill i.v. administration sets ( Venoset -60, Abbott Laboratories) and polyvinyl chloride bags ( Viaflex -500, Travenol Laboratories). The solutions were kept in the containers for 20 hours at ambient temperature. Simulated infusions were also studied using 0, 20, and 40% NMF plus 5 and 10% DMA in 0.9% sodium chloride; both glass bottles and Viaflex -500 bags were used with the i.v. administration sets. DEHP was assayed using gas chromatography. Very small or unmeasurable amounts of DEHP were leached into 0.9% sodium chloride and 5 or 10% DMA solutions during 20-hour storage. DEHP concentrations increased exponentially with increasing NMF concentrations after 20-hour storage in both the i.v. sets and bags. Similar results were found in the simulated-infusion portion of the study. DEHP extraction from i.v. sets and polyvinyl chloride bags containing NMF and DMA in 0.9% sodium chloride is related directly to the concentrations of these organic compounds. The amount of DEHP leached into solutions is important only for solutions containing 60% NMF.
Translating Institutional Change to Local Communities: The Role of Linking Organizations:

We examine the processes and mechanisms of translating broader field-level change to the local community, drawing on insights from the inhabited institutions perspective and community-based institutionalism. In particular, we develop the concept of linking organizations as key actors in institutional change that connect the broader field and community levels. We use multiple forms of qualitative data, collected over a two-year time frame, to study the processes of a community foundation, the ‘Rainbow Wellness Foundation’, as a linking organization that engaged five community coalitions to embed a new wellness approach, locally. Our findings suggest that linking organizations interpret the central tenets of the approach, define them locally around relevant aims, and regulate community organizations’ adherence, to ensure legitimacy with the field. In addition, by engaging and negotiating with the community and helping manage ambiguity, linking organizations enable local ‘filling-in’ of these models with pra...