cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expertise modeling for matching papers with reviewers

An essential part of an expert-finding task, such as matching reviewers to submitted papers, is the ability to model the expertise of a person based on documents. We evaluate several measures of the association between an author in an existing collection of research papers and a previously unseen document. We compare two language model based approaches with a novel topic model, Author-Persona-Topic (APT). In this model, each author can write under one or more "personas," which are represented as independent distributions over hidden topics. Examples of previous papers written by prospective reviewers are gathered from the Rexa database, which extracts and disambiguates author mentions from documents gathered from the web. We evaluate the models using a reviewer matching task based on human relevance judgments determining how well the expertise of proposed reviewers matches a submission. We find that the APT topic model outperforms the other models.
Mimetic Discretizations for Maxwell's Equations

We have constructed reliable finite difference methods for approximating the solution to Maxwell's equations using accurate discrete analogs of differential operators that satisfy the identities and theorems of vector and tensor calculus in discrete form. The numerical approximation does not have spurious modes and mimics many fundamental properties of the underlying physical problem including conservation laws, symmetries in the solution, and the nondivergence of particular vector fields. Numerical examples demonstrate the high quality of the method when the medium is strongly discontinuous and for nonorthogonal, nonsmooth computational grids.
How Socialization Shapes Chinese Views of America and the World

Urban Chinese today do not appear to trust foreign countries. Why are they so suspicious? Over the past quarter century, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has utilized its educational and propaganda systems to produce historical narratives of imperial China's beneficence towards its East Asian neighbors, and of an early modern ‘Century of Humiliation’ at the hands of ‘imperialist’ foreign powers. Qualitative analysis of Chinese social media today suggests that these narratives are tied to widespread popular distrust of China's ‘ungrateful’ East Asian neighbors and the ‘hegemonic’ West today. Interrogating a 2012 survey of urban Chinese, this paper explores the sources of international attitudes quantitatively. It first examines whether Chinese today do indeed distrust foreign countries. It then tests two hypotheses about the drivers of Chinese distrust towards the world today. A ‘top-down’ socialization hypothesis holds that political (e.g. party propaganda via education and the media) and/or social (e.g. peer groups, social conformity) pressures shape the international attitudes of the Chinese people. A ‘bottom-up’ psychological hypothesis, by contrast, holds that individual differences like age and gender shape Chinese attitudes. We find substantial support for the former: more years of education are associated with levels of dis/trust in foreign countries in the socially or politically appropriate ways. However, we also find that ‘bottom-up’ individual differences in subjective interest in international affairs interact with ‘top-down’ socialization processes like education and media exposure in shaping the international attitudes of urban Chinese today. The prevalence of public discourses of distrust towards foreign countries does not bode well for Chinese foreign policy in the twenty-first century.
Interfacial water structure and the wetting of mineral surfaces

Abstract Advanced tools, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS), and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), are being used to describe interfacial water structure and to contrast the structure of water at a hydrophilic mineral surface with that at a hydrophobic mineral surface. Specifically, this contrast is revealed from interfacial water features based on the extent of H-bonding, dipole orientation, exclusion zone thickness, and residence time. Progress in our understanding of interfacial water structure and wetting phenomena is reported for different mineral classes including sulfides, oxides/hydroxides, layered silicates (phyllosilicates), and salt-type minerals, including both semi-soluble and soluble salts.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Pediatric Patients

Acute heart failure can occur in children as a result of hemodynamic insults imposed on the heart by structural congenital defects or in anatomically normal hearts in which the myocardium is damaged by an inflammatory or infectious process (myocarditis, metabolic diseases leading to cardiomyopathy). Postcardiotomy heart failure following surgical repair of congenital heart defects can also lead to the need for postoperative support. Mechanical circulatory support devices have been used successfully as a bridge to recovery in children, especially in the management of acute myocarditis or postcardiotomy heart failure. The use of these devices as a bridge to transplantation has also been shown to decrease waiting list mortalities and improve the efficiency of donor organ utilizations in children. However, currently available mechanical circulatory support options for infants and children are still quite limited, especially with regard to size options for smaller patients and the long-term duration of support often required. Future devices are currently in development for clinical use on a broad scale and will greatly facilitate the successful support of children with heart failure as a bridge to myocardial recovery or heart transplantation.
Vitamin B12 binding capacity of serum in B12 deficiency.

Summary1. Human serum has been found to have a limited binding capacity for Vit. B12. The B12 binding protein, a seromucoid fraction, appears to be normally only approximately 30-40% saturated. In Vit. B12 deficiency the unsaturated binding capacity is normal but total binding capacity is diminished. 2. It is postulated that; the slower than normal disappearance of Co57-B12 from the plasma of B12 deficient individuals is caused by diminished binding capacity in the tissues.The authors wish to express their appreciation to Medical Illustration Service, VA West Side Hospital and to Mr. Lemuel Hall for technical assistance.
The Friendship Group as a Protective Environment for Political Deviants

This is a study of the relationship between partisan preference and social integration in natural work groups in several automobile plants. The basic finding is that the number of work group friends increases from the Democratic to the Republican end of a standard party identification scale. Since the political context of the study sample is heavily Democratic, attention is focused on the fact that Republicans in this environment are political deviants. It is suggested that friendship integration is a function of perceived deviance in that deviating from group norms leads to social insecurity, cognitive dissonance, and a need for opinion evaluation, all of which motivate affiliative behavior. Several hypotheses are deduced from this proposition. The first is that Republicans have less political contact in nonwork contexts, but more in the work group, than Democrats do. Second, the relationship between partisanship and friendship integration should be greater for members of social groups in which the pro-Democratic norm is stronger than for those in which this norm is weaker. Third, strength of identification with the norm-bearing group ought to be positively related to friendship integration among deviants, since identification would make the group's norms more salient and increase the deviant's discomfort. Fourth, political deviants should tend to choose each other as friends to a greater extent than political conformers do. Finally, since friendship alliances apparently serve a protective function for political deviants, it is hypothesized that among deviants (but not among conformers), friendship integration should be related to political participation. All the hypotheses are supported. The results are interpreted in terms of the critical function of social support for political deviants in pluralist societies. Since pressures for conformity are strong, it is important to understand the ways in which minorities deal with them. Friendships in work groups, ostensibly nonpolitical, therefore have important political functions.
Treecoding for Scalable Belief Exchange in Autonomous Vehicle Control Systems

Treecoding techniques originally developed for ecient simulation of large physical systems are applied to the domain of autonomous vehicle control systems to significantly improve the scalability of inter-vehicle communication requirements. The autonomous control system in question requires that cooperating vehicles periodically broadcast their knowledge about relevant features of the environment (“beliefs”). For a group of M vehicles each with N beliefs, this results in required communications bandwidth scaling as O(MN). Use of treecoding improves the scaling to O(M logN), allowing the autonomous control system to function in much more complex environments. The principles of the autonomous control system and the treecoding technique are reviewed, a treecode-based information exchange algorithm is described, and simulation results are presented for an area-search scenario showing the eect on communication bandwidth and mission performance.
Intermingling of Scholars With Businessmen and the Evolvement of the Spiritual Trend in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Placed in the context of booming business in the middle of Ming Dynasty, Li Mengyang, KangHai, Wang Shizhen and other scholars changed their attitudes from the style to the spirit . It was the gestation period of the spirit trend . In the late Ming dynasty. The Yuan brothers of the place of Gong An, ZhongXing, Tan Yanchun and Zheng Yuanxun propelled the trend to its summit by intermingling scholars with businessmen. In the mid-term of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei, Zhao Yi and some other scholars incorporated the businessmen's spirit. The influence of the communication in the colony, the grace of the father figures, the mature character and the psyche of standing aloof from worldly affairs, boost the maturity of the spirit trend. In conclusion, the activity of the businessmen , especially the reciprocal communication and influence, is the most important reason for Yuan Mei's being the greatest master of the spiritual literature of the Ming and Qing dynastie.
The Weakest Link

In interactive systems, what's the weakest link: the computer or the human? Explores issue involved with decision making via computer systems versus humans. Should we be more concerned with a computer overruling a human in key decisions, or vice versa?
Designing steep, sharp patterns on uniformly ion-bombarded surfaces

We propose and experimentally test a method to fabricate patterns of steep, sharp features on surfaces, by exploiting the nonlinear dynamics of uniformly ion-bombarded surfaces. We show via theory, simulation, and experiment that the steepest parts of the surface evolve as one-dimensional curves that move in the normal direction at constant velocity. The curves are a special solution to the nonlinear equations that arises spontaneously whenever the initial patterning on the surface contains slopes larger than a critical value; mathematically they are traveling waves (shocks) that have the special property of being undercompressive. We derive the evolution equation for the curves by considering long-wavelength perturbations to the one-dimensional traveling wave, using the unusual boundary conditions required for an undercompressive shock, and we show this equation accurately describes the evolution of shapes on surfaces, both in simulations and in experiments. Because evolving a collection of one-dimensional curves is fast, this equation gives a computationally efficient and intuitive method for solving the inverse problem of finding the initial surface so the evolution leads to a desired target pattern. We illustrate this method by solving for the initial surface that will produce a lattice of diamonds connected by steep, sharp ridges, and we experimentally demonstrate the evolution of the initial surface into the target pattern.
Abstract 1128: Role of STAT3 in pediatric sarcoma cell lines

Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in embryonic development, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. STAT3 becomes activated in the cytosol via phosphorylation at tyrosine-705 by JAK-1/2 kinases, in response to stimulation of either cytokine receptors or receptor tyrosine kinases. Phospho-STAT3 forms dimers, which then translocate into the nucleus to function as a transcription factor. Various pro-survival and anti-apoptotic genes including VEGF, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and survivin have been identified as STAT3 gene targets. Constitutive activation of STAT3 is observed in various cancers including breast, lung, pancreatic cancers and sarcomas. Since our studies indicate that STAT3 is upregulated in a number of pediatric sarcomas as well, we set out to understand the functional significance of STAT3 activation in these tumors in the context of tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and resistance to apoptosis. High basal expression levels of phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) were detected in a number of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing9s sarcoma and osteosarcoma xenografts and cell lines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was capable of inducing STAT3 (Tyr705) phosphorylation in these cell lines in a time-dependent manner. On the other hand, stimulation with insulin-like growth factors-1 and 2 or IGF-1/2 resulted only in a weak induction in STAT3 phosphorylation during early timepoints. Treatment with a potent JAK-1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib suggested that STAT3 phosphorylation in these cell lines is dependent on JAK-1/2 activities. To understand the role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis, STAT3 was either knocked down using siRNAs or STAT3 phosphorylation was attenuated using ruxolitinib in sarcoma cell lines that express constitutively activated STAT3. Neither complete knockdown of STAT3, nor inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by ruxolitinib inhibited proliferation or decreased survival. These results indicate that activation of STAT3 may not have a significant role in tumor cell proliferation and survival under culture conditions. However, STAT3 inhibition resulted in decreased cell migration implicating STAT3 in regulation of tumor cell migration and invasion. Overall, our data demonstrates a role for STAT3 activation in sarcoma cell migration and invasion and we speculate that targeting STAT3 might serve as a useful therapeutic approach to control tumor invasion and metastasis. Supported by USPHS grant CA165995. Citation Format: Seethalakshmi Hariharan, Doris A. Phelps, Peter J. Houghton. Role of STAT3 in pediatric sarcoma cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1128.
Eye development and photoreceptor differentiation in the cephalopod Doryteuthis pealeii

Photoreception is a ubiquitous sensory ability found across the Metazoa, and photoreceptive organs are intricate and diverse in their structure. Although the morphology of the compound eye in Drosophila and the single-chambered eye in vertebrates have elaborated independently, the amount of conservation within the 'eye' gene regulatory network remains controversial, with few taxa studied. To better understand the evolution of photoreceptive organs, we established the cephalopod Doryteuthis pealeii as a lophotrochozoan model for eye development. Utilizing histological, transcriptomic and molecular assays, we characterize eye formation in Doryteuthis pealeii Through lineage tracing and gene expression analyses, we demonstrate that cells expressing Pax and Six genes incorporate into the lens, cornea and iris, and the eye placode is the sole source of retinal tissue. Functional assays demonstrate that Notch signaling is required for photoreceptor cell differentiation and retinal organization. This comparative approach places the canon of eye research in traditional models into perspective, highlighting complexity as a result of both conserved and convergent mechanisms.
MYC amplification in angiosarcomas arising in the setting of chronic lymphedema of morbid obesity.

Background Angiosarcoma is a malignancy of vascular endothelial cells which may arise secondarily as a complication of lymphedema, including chronic lymphedema of morbid obesity. Amplifications in MYC are frequently present in secondary angiosarcoma (arising in irradiated sites and chronic lymphedema) and less frequently in primary cutaneous angiosarcoma. Objective To describe the presence of MYC amplifications in two cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma secondary to chronic lymphedema of morbid obesity. Methods This study is a case series of two patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma. Clinical data was retrieved from the medical records. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy specimens was performed, including immunohistochemistry, along with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results Angiosarcoma arose in the setting of massive chronic lymphedema complicating morbid obesity without other predisposing risk factors. Both cases exhibited epithelioid cell morphology and high-level MYC amplification. Conclusion We report MYC amplification in two cases of angiosarcoma arising in massive chronic lymphedema of morbid obesity.
BILL-E: Robotic Platform for Locomotion and Manipulation of Lightweight Space Structures

We describe a robotic platform for traversing and manipulating a modular 3D lattice structure. The robot is designed to operate within a specifically structured environment, which enables low numbers of degrees of freedom (DOF) compared to robots performing comparable tasks in an unstructured environment. This allows for simple controls, as well as low mass and cost. This approach, designing the robot relative to the local environment in which it operates, results in a type of robot we call a "relative robot." We describe a bipedal robot that can locomote across a periodic lattice structure, as well as being able to handle, manipulate, and transport building block parts that compose the lattice structure. Based on a general inchworm design, the robot has added functionality for traveling over and operating on a host structure.
The value of crowdsourcing in public policymaking: epistemic, democratic and economic value

While national and local governments increasingly deploy crowdsourcing in lawmaking as an open government practice, it remains unclear how crowdsourcing creates value when it is applied in policyma...
Association of In Vivo [18F]AV-1451 Tau PET Imaging Results With Cortical Atrophy and Symptoms in Typical and Atypical Alzheimer Disease.

Importance Previous postmortem studies have long demonstrated that neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are closely associated with Alzheimer disease clinical phenotype and neurodegeneration pattern. Validating these associations in vivo will lead to new diagnostic tools for Alzheimer disease and better understanding of its neurobiology. Objective To examine whether topographical distribution and severity of hyperphosphorylated tau pathologic findings measured by fluorine 18–labeled AV-1451 ([ 18 F]AV-1451) positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging are linked with clinical phenotype and cortical atrophy in patients with Alzheimer disease. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational case series, conducted from July 1, 2012, to July 30, 2015, in an outpatient referral center for patients with neurodegenerative diseases, included 6 patients: 3 with typical amnesic Alzheimer disease and 3 with atypical variants (posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, and corticobasal syndrome). Patients underwent [ 18 F]AV-1451 PET imaging to measure tau burden, carbon 11–labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([ 11 C]PiB) PET imaging to measure amyloid burden, and structural magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical thickness. Seventy-seven age-matched controls with normal cognitive function also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging but not tau or amyloid PET imaging. Main Outcomes and Measures Tau burden, amyloid burden, and cortical thickness. Results In all 6 patients (3 women and 3 men; mean age 61.8 years), the underlying clinical phenotype was associated with the regional distribution of the [ 18 F]AV-1451 signal. Furthermore, within 68 cortical regions of interest measured from each patient, the magnitude of cortical atrophy was strongly correlated with the magnitude of [ 18 F]AV-1451 binding (3 patients with amnesic Alzheimer disease, r = –0.82; P r = –0.70; P r = –0.58; P r = –0.51; P r = –0.63; P r = –0.70; P 11 C]PiB binding. Conclusions and Relevance These findings provide further in vivo evidence that distribution of the [ 18 F]AV-1451 signal as seen on results of PET imaging is a valid marker of clinical symptoms and neurodegeneration. By localizing and quantifying hyperphosphorylated tau in vivo, results of tau PET imaging will likely serve as a key biomarker that links a specific type of molecular Alzheimer disease neuropathologic condition with clinically significant neurodegeneration, which will likely catalyze additional efforts to develop disease-modifying therapeutics.
Neural correlates of sine-wave speech intelligibility in human frontal and temporal cortex.

Abstract Auditory speech comprehension is the result of neural computations that occur in a broad network that includes the temporal lobe auditory cortex and the left inferior frontal cortex. It remains unclear how representations in this network differentially contribute to speech comprehension. Here, we recorded high-density direct cortical activity during a sine-wave speech (SWS) listening task to examine detailed neural speech representations when the exact same acoustic input is comprehended versus not comprehended. Listeners heard SWS sentences (pre-exposure), followed by clear versions of the same sentences, which revealed the content of the sounds (exposure), and then the same SWS sentences again (post-exposure). Across all three task phases, high-gamma neural activity in the superior temporal gyrus was similar, distinguishing different words based on bottom-up acoustic features. In contrast, frontal regions showed a more pronounced and sudden increase in activity only when the input was comprehended, which corresponded with stronger representational separability among spatiotemporal activity patterns evoked by different words. We observed this effect only in participants who were not able to comprehend the stimuli during the pre-exposure phase, indicating a relationship between frontal high-gamma activity and speech understanding. Together, these results demonstrate that both frontal and temporal cortical networks are involved in spoken language understanding, and that under certain listening conditions, frontal regions are involved in discriminating speech sounds.
An Overview of Measurement Techniques for Atmospheric Nitrous Acid

An overview is given of all the spectroscopic and wet chemical used for atmospheric measurements of nitrous acid. The measurement precision and difficulties associated with the techniques are discussed.
Manufacturing Technology Use in the U.S. and Benefits

Industrial revolution over the last few centuries was made possible by the progressive use of more and more manufacturing technologies for the purpose of replacing manual labor, and for improving quality and quantity of output. The process of new manufacturing technology introduction goes on even today. Today, manufacturing technologies are more diverse and complex than they used to be.
The Free Calculus and the Elementary Ideals

In the last chapter a method was developed for calculating a presentation of the group of any knot in regular position. Unfortunately, it does not follow, as was pointed out, that it is now a simple matter to distinguish knot groups, and thus knot types. There is no general algorithm for deciding whether or not two presentations define isomorphic groups, and even in particular examples the problem can be difficult. We are therefore concerned with deriving some powerful, yet effectively calculable, invariants of group presentation type. Such are the elementary ideals. In this chapter we shall study the necessary algebraic machinery for defining these invariants. Specialization to presentations of knot groups in Chapter VIII then leads naturally to the knot polynomials. With these invariants we can easily distinguish many knot types.
Vocabulary Integration Reexamined

Several thesauri have been published in various domains, or in the same subject domain. This heterogeneity caused the significant incompatibility of transferring or sharing data among different systems and databases. Therefore, thesaurus integration is a solution for handling this incompatibility issue. To achieve interoperability between different thesauri, mapping systems have been developed for establishing equivalents between terms in different thesauri. However, there is still ambiguity in term semantics and hierarchical relations used in thesauri. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the issues and challenges in vocabulary mapping and integration between different controlled vocabulary systems. The paper outlines the history of the study of vocabulary mapping efforts and suggests a way in which the emerging practices on semantic issues and mapping problems can be articulated.
Selective logging emissions and potential emission reductions from reduced-impact logging in the Congo Basin

Abstract To estimate carbon emissions from selective logging in Central Africa, we employed the reduced-impact logging for carbon emissions reductions (RIL-C) protocol to quantify baseline carbon emissions from legal timber harvests by source (i.e., hauling, skidding, and felling). We modeled the relationships between emissions and biophysical conditions, logging practices, and forest policies and then used these models to estimate potential emission reductions from full implementation of RIL-C practices. We applied the method in 8 forest management enterprises (FMEs; i.e., concessions) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 9 in Gabon, and 6 in the Republic of Congo (RoC). Committed logging emissions expressed per cubic meter of timber harvested (to control for differences in logging intensities) ranged from 0.63 Mg C m−3 in a FME in RoC to 4.8 Mg C m−3 in a FME in Gabon, with an overall average of 2.1 Mg C m−3. Logging emissions were dominated by damage caused by road and log landing construction (i.e., hauling; 50%) and felling (43%; includes carbon in extracted logs). Total emissions represented only about 9% of unlogged forest biomass carbon stocks. Average emissions were highest in Gabon (2.65 Mg C m−3) followed by DRC (1.84 Mg C m−3) and RoC (1.54 Mg C m−3). Emissions from concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC, N = 6) and those that were not certified (N = 17) did not differ. Nearly half (51%) of logging emissions could be avoided without reducing timber yields if all best examples of RIL-C logging practices observed were applied in the same FME. At the country level, if all FMEs were to utilize these practices, emissions reductions would be 34% in RoC, 45% in DRC, and 62% in Gabon. When combined with country-level logging statistics, emissions from selective logging as currently practiced in the six countries of the Congo Basin are equivalent to 40% of the region’s total emissions from deforestation.
The Quixotic Quest for Gender Equality in the Workplace

There is little reason to think that victory in the war for gender equality in the workplace will ever be declared, both because it is implausible that the sexes will ever sort themselves in precisely the same way and because an entrenched narrative of female victim-hood requires continued perceptions of inequality irrespective of the facts on the ground. The pattern of women’s representation in both educational fields and occupations is consistent with long-recognized sex differences in patterns of occupational interest. Yet the fact that women do not earn majorities in every field (especially some STEM fields) is deemed inequitable, despite their heavy majorities in many other fields, suggesting that the implicit definition of “gender equality” of some advocates is that women should be guaranteed at least half of all things that are perceived to be “good.” Likewise, the under-representation of women in the executive suite is to a large extent a result of sex differences in parental choices, especially the decision of highly able women (married to highly able and high-earning men) to reduce their workforce involvement after marriage and especially after entering motherhood. Women and men will continue to exhibit different workplace behaviors. However, attributing these differences to true choice diminishes the force of the victim narrative, so choice becomes “choice,” and women are treated as puppets acted upon by others (men, employers, universities, society). In addition to stripping women of agency, this perception guarantees that the war for gender equality will continue so long as women and men make different life choices. In other words, it will never end.
Verbal framing and statistical patterns influence children’s attributions to situational, but not personal, causes for behavior

Abstract Adults from Western cultures attribute others’ behavior to personal causes more readily than situational causes; however, little research has explored the developmental origins of this attributional bias. Research has shown that children can use both the statistical patterns present in observed behavior, as well as the verbal framing of the behaviors, to infer personal causes. However, research has not explored whether children also use these factors to infer situational causes. The present study examined the impacts of statistical patterns and verbal framing on four- and six-year-old children’s (n = 218) attributions to personal and situational causes for behavior, as assessed by their explanations for characters’ interactions with toys. In a factorial design the statistical pattern of characters’ behaviors suggested either a personal or situational cause (or neither), and the experimenter’s verbal framing of the behaviors suggested either a personal or situational cause (or neither). Across age groups, children showed a bias toward providing personal explanations. Both statistical pattern and verbal framing influenced causal attributions, but both impacts were asymmetric such that situational cues increased situational explanations relative to neutral cues, but there was no difference in children’s explanations following personal and neutral cues. These results suggest that verbal framing and statistical patterns impact children’s developing social causal attributions, specifically with respect to situational causes, and also that a personal attribution bias emerges early in development.
Platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer with alterations in DNA damage repair genes.

5038Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy has shown palliative and radiographic benefit in small unselected studies of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Alterations in DNA ...
Students with Visual Impairments in Texas: Description and Extrapolation of Data:

This study found that between 2000 and 2002, the percentage of students with visual impairments in the general student population of Texas was close to a previously quoted figure of 0.15%. In addit...
Substantive vs. superficial self-enhancement: Differentiating narcissism constructs from self-esteem following failure

Abstract We proposed that, following failure, narcissistic self-enhancement is designed to buffer symptoms of failure via self-serving accounts or avoidance (i.e., superficial self-enhancement) without promoting actual self-enhancement (i.e., substantive self-enhancement), whereas high-self-esteem self-enhancement is designed to promote substantive self-enhancement. A college sample (N = 232) completed measures of narcissism constructs (grandiose and vulnerable) and trait self-esteem. Next, participants completed indicators of psychological distress and superficial vs. substantive modes of self-enhancement after simulating a failure in agentic and relationship domains. Self-esteem was generally characterized by reduced psychological distress, substantive self-enhancement, and some reductions in superficial self-enhancement. Grandiose narcissism was also characterized by reduced psychological distress, but, unlike self-esteem, was only associated with superficial self-enhancement (excuses and devaluation). Vulnerable narcissism was characterized by greater psychological distress and only superficial self-enhancement (avoidance). Findings were highly similar across agentic and relationships domains. Broadly, the findings cohere with the idea that narcissism and self-esteem constructs represent distinct self-enhancement strategies.
Review: Slavery in the City: Architecture and Landscapes of Urban Slavery in North America, edited by Clifton Ellis and Rebecca Ginsburg

Clifton Ellis and Rebecca Ginsburg, eds. Slavery in the City: Architecture and Landscapes of Urban Slavery in North America Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017, 200 pp., 30 illus. $32.50 (cloth), ISBN 9780813940052 Slavery was a violent, pervasive, and pernicious institution that left a terrible stain on the moral character of the United States, one that has persisted to this day. Many well-intentioned people still believe that slavery's physical environments were limited to southern rural plantations, but Clifton Ellis and Rebecca Ginsburg's edited volume Slavery in the City makes clear that slavery was also embedded within urban settings throughout the South and North, in a surprising variety of iterations. Other scholars have addressed urban slavery (myself included, as Ellis and Ginsburg note in their introduction), but our knowledge of its built environments is advanced significantly by this collection of essays, which offers new information from a variety of methodological perspectives. This slim volume provides a much-needed corrective to our limited understanding of the physical and psychological conditions of slavery in the United States. It also informs us that a number of factors, including demographics, directly influenced the shape of urban slavery. Its publication will be of value not only to architectural historians but also to scholars of history, anthropology, and African American studies. Edward A. Chappell's chapter constitutes the most ambitious contribution to the book. Retired director of architectural and archaeological research at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Chappell is a preeminent expert on the built environments of Williamsburg and Jamestown. In his chapter, he maps slave spaces in Williamsburg, Annapolis, Baltimore, Charleston, and other southern U.S. cities. He also compares those communities to Falmouth, Jamaica. Chappell examines what Elizabeth Collins Cromley has called the “food axis”—the pathway of food from the place where it is cooked to the space where it is …
Dietary intake of adults with and without diabetes: Results from NHANES 2013-2016

INTRODUCTION Diet is a critical aspect of the management of adults with diabetes. This paper aims to compare dietary intakes of key macronutrients and micronutrients of US adults with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared absolute and energy-adjusted dietary intake of major macronutrients and micronutrients among those with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of glycemic control using a 24-hour dietary recall from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 9939 US adults, 20+ years old (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016). Diabetes was defined as an glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, serum glucose at 2 hours following a 75 g glucose load (oral glucose tolerance test) ≥200 mg/dL, any diagnosis of diabetes or use of diabetes medication (self-reported). RESULTS Percent of calories from macronutrients was similar for those with and without diabetes (p>0.05, energy adjusted and adjusted for age, race, and sex). In both groups, sugar accounted for about 20% of calories. Those with diabetes consumed about 7% more calcium (p=0.033), about 5% more sodium (p=0.026), and had lower diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, p=0.021) than those without diabetes. Among those with diabetes, those with an HbA1c>9.0% consumed about 4% less magnesium (p-analysis of variance=0.007) than those with an HbA1c<6.5%. Results were similar within strata of age, race, and sex. Macronutrient intake did not vary consistently by HbA1c level. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative sample, there were no substantial or consistent differences in the dietary intake of macronutrients or micronutrients between US adults with and without diabetes. Improving the diets of those with diabetes will likely require enhanced targeted efforts to improve the dietary intake of persons with diabetes, as well as broad efforts to improve the dietary intake of the general population.
Early predictors of successful military careers among West Point cadets

The importance of leadership to organizational performance puts a premium on identifying future leaders. Early prediction of high-potential talent enables organizations to marshal scarce developmen...
Truck Routing under Rest Area Parking Constraints

Truck drivers often have difficulty finding appropriate rest locations due to truck parking shortages, which can significantly impact drivers’ safety, industry costs, and the environment. Nevertheless, the lack of truck parking availability information makes it hard to account for parking during planning, leading research on truck routing and scheduling to usually assume that parking facilities are always available. In this paper, we propose a model that accounts for parking availability when planning long-haul truck shipments in addition to working hours constraints. The proposed method plans a minimum cost path and schedule such that the itinerary is regulation-compliant, and parking is guaranteed at all scheduled stops. The problem is modeled as a resource-constrained shortest path problem, and a label correcting algorithm is used to find a near-optimal solution. Computational experiments are used to compare the cost of solutions that use parking availability information with ones that do not by simulating drivers’ behavior when parking is not available. Results show that, when parking constraints are imposed, parking availability levels can significantly affect costs. However, if irregular parking potential costs are factored in, the prevented penalty costs can exceed (or at least partially offset) the cost increase caused by parking constraints.
Cost Analysis of Medical Students Applying to Orthopaedic Surgery Residency: Implications for the 2020 to 2021 Application Cycle During COVID-19

Although studies have evaluated the economic burden to medical students desiring an orthopaedic residency broadly, no study has evaluated in detail the application costs, away rotation costs, interview costs, and total costs. Given that the Association of American Medical Colleges and the American Orthopaedic Association's Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors have recommended orthopaedic surgery residency programs for the 2021 residency application cycle cancel away rotations and in-person interviews, our objective was to evaluate the cost savings to medical students applying during this time and the potential implications. Methods: Using the 2019 to 2020 Texas STAR Dashboard database, we queried responses from applicants applying to orthopaedic surgery residency. The dashboard was queried to record the application costs, away rotation costs, interview costs, and total costs for medical school seniors applying to orthopaedic surgery residency. Demographic information for applicants was also recorded. Mean and median costs were reported with percentile distributions and geographic comparisons. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in mean costs by medical school region. Results: The 2019 to 2020 Texas STAR Dashboard database had 473 responses from applicants to orthopaedic surgery residency. The mean application costs were $1,990, away rotation costs were $3,182, interview costs were $3,129, and total costs were $8,205. The mean total costs for applicants from Midwest schools were significantly less than Western schools ($7,410/applicant vs. $9,909/applicant) (p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between the mean application fees between regions. Away rotation costs for applicants from schools in the Midwest ($2,413/applicant) were significantly less compared with Northeast ($3,279/applicant), South ($3,343/applicant), and West ($3,913/applicant) (all p < 0.002). Interview costs for applicants from schools in the Northeast ($2,891/applicant) were less than applicants from Western US schools ($3,831/applicant) (p = 0.038). Conclusion: In the COVID-19 era, orthopaedic residency applicants could save on average $6,311 through the use of virtual interviews and lack of away rotations. There are geographic implications, with applicants from Western US medical schools potentially saving most.
Psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular events among black Americans with chronic kidney disease or associated risk factors in the Jackson heart study.

Background Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension (HTN), or diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which psychosocial factors are associated with increased CVD risk within these individuals is unclear. Black individuals experience a high degree of psychosocial stressors due to socioeconomic factors, environment, racism, and discrimination. We examined the association between psychosocial factors and risk of CVD events among Black men and women with CKD and CKD risk factors in the Jackson Heart Study. Methods and results We identified 1919 participants with prevalent CKD or CKD risk factors at baseline. We used rotated principal component analysis - a form of unsupervised machine learning that may identify constructs not intuitively identified by a person - to describe five groups of psychosocial components (including negative moods, religiosity, discrimination, negative outlooks, and negative coping resources) based on a battery of questionnaires. Multiple imputation by chained equation (MICE) was used to impute missing covariate data. Cox models were used to quantify the association between psychosocial components and incident CVD, defined as a fatal coronary heart disease event, myocardial infarction, cardiac procedure (angiography or revascularization procedure), or stroke. Of the 929 participants in the analysis, 67% were female, 28% were current/former smokers with mean age of 56 years and mean BMI of 33 kg/m2. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 6% had an incident CVD event. In multivariable models, each standard deviation (SD) increase in the religiosity component was associated with an increased hazard for CVD event (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.13). Conclusions Religiosity was associated with CVD among participants with prevalent CKD or CKD risk factors. Studies to better understand the mechanisms of this relationship are needed.
Gradient Dependent Fatigue Limit Criterion

Experimental evidence has shown that the fatigue limit of metallic cylindrical specimens in fully reversed bending is significantly higher than the respective limit in fully reversed tension-compression. The higher values of the bending fatigue limits observed have to be attributed to the benign influence of the gradient of the bending normal stress on the fatigue strength of the metal. Although many approaches for modelling the gradient effect under uniaxial normal cyclic stress have already been tried, attempts to model the very same problem under multiaxial cyclic stress systems are scarce. The present paper starts re-analyzing existing experimental results under cyclic normal stress (i.e. bending, tension-compression) and under cyclic shear stress (i.e. torsion). This closer examination shows that, although the fatigue srength at very high lives is strongly affected by the gradient of the normal stress in bending tests, it remains insensitive to variations of the gradient of the shear stress in torsion tests. Based on these observations, a gradient dependent multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criterion function of the stress invariants is formulated.
When Small is Big: The Role of Impurities in Electrocatalysis

Improvements in the fundamental understanding of electrocatalysis have started to revolutionize the development of electrochemical interfaces for the efficient conversion of chemical energy into electricity, as well as for the utilization of electrons to produce new chemicals that then can be re-used in energy conversion systems. Here, some facets of the role of trace level of impurities (from 10−7 to 10−6 M) in electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions, and CO oxidation reactions are explored on well-characterized platinum single crystal surfaces and high surface area materials in alkaline and acidic environments. Of particular interest is the effect of anions (e.g., Cl−, $$ {\text{NO}}_{ 3}^{ - } $$ ) and cations (i.e., Cu2+) present in the supporting electrolytes as well as surface defects (i.e., ad-islands) that are present on metal surfaces. The examples presented are chosen to demonstrate that a small level of impurities may play a crucial role in governing the reactivity of electrochemical interfaces.
Micromagnetics of narrow track width single pole write heads

Summary form only given. Understanding the behavior of domains in the head is critically important in write head design. As the recording density approaches 100 Gbit/in/sup 2/ and higher, the dimension of the write head will be in the deep sub-micron region. In contrast to the traditional heads, in which domain wall motion is minimal, drastic domain rearrangement will take place during the head field reversal in these extremely small heads. Remanent head field will also become significant as a result of ferromagnetic exchange. In this paper, a 3-D micromagnetic model has been utilized to simulate single pole heads with a soft under layer in a perpendicular recording scheme. It has been found that the domain structure in the head at such small scales depends largely on the overall geometry of the head. By engineering the head structure, near-zero remanent head field has been achieved.
50% energy savings with automatic lighting controls

An electronically ballasted lighting control system that was demonstrated at an office building is described. The system demonstrated the energy savings and demand reduction capabilities of a lighting control system designed to exploit all major control strategies, including scheduling, daylighting and lumen maintenance. After nine months of operation, lighting energy savings of approximately 50% relative to previous usage have been consistently achieved. A two-part control photocell, shown to be effective at maintaining light levels at the workplane regardless of the daylight contribution, is presented. >