cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual Desire Discrepancy as a Feature, Not a Bug, of Long‐Term Relationships: Women's Self‐Reported Strategies for Modulating Sexual Desire

Introduction. Sexual desire discrepancy is commonly reported by couples in long-term romantic relationships. Given the idiosyncratic nature of desire, and the lack of a "one size fits all" model approach to address desire concerns, it is useful to understand more about the range of ways that women and their partners modulate sexual desire. Aim. This study aims to assess women's strategies to influence their sexual desire and the self-reported effectiveness of these strategies. Methods. One hundred seventy-nine women who had been in a relationship with a male partner for 5+ years completed an anonymous Internet-based survey. Main Outcome Measures. Participants responded to three open-ended items about the strategies they use to address desire issues and how helpful those strategies are. Results. The most common responses regarding what participants did to get desire back on track included: communication, trying to meet partner's needs, having sex without desire, and having patience/letting time work out the problem. Women also mentioned several specific strategies they had employed: communication, scheduling sex, lingerie, and a date night. However, a large number of women discussed that the issue was not resolved, and they were dissatisfied with attempted strategies. Conclusions. This research provides valuable insight into the construction of women's sexual desire and the strat- egies used to navigate sexual desire in long-term relationships. Herbenick D, Mullinax M, and Mark K. Sexual desire discrepancy as a feature, not a bug, of long-term relationships: Women's self-reported strategies for modulating sexual desire. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.
Dry Etching of Electronic Oxides, Polymers, and Semiconductors

Summary: A review is given of commonly used plasma etching techniques and typical plasma chemistries for patterning electronic oxides, such as SiO2, HfO2, MgO, Sc2O3, and ZnO, polymers, and several important semiconductors (Si, GaAs, and InP). Issues that affect the reproducibility and manufacturability of etching processes, such as loading effects, endpoint detection, and etch selectivity, are also discussed. Finally, disruption to the etched surface in the form of polymer deposition, plasma residues, ion-induced displacement damage, or preferential loss of one of the lattice elements during the etch process are covered. SEM micrograph of features etched into a ZnMgO/ZnO structure using a BCl3/Cl2/Ar ICP plasma.
GeauxDock: A novel approach for mixed-resolution ligand docking using a descriptor-based force field

Molecular docking is an important component of computer-aided drug discovery. In this communication, we describe GeauxDock, a new docking approach that builds on the ideas of ligand homology modeling. GeauxDock features a descriptor-based scoring function integrating evolutionary constraints with physics-based energy terms, a mixed-resolution molecular representation of protein-ligand complexes, and an efficient Monte Carlo sampling protocol. To drive docking simulations toward experimental conformations, the scoring function was carefully optimized to produce a correlation between the total pseudoenergy and the native-likeness of binding poses. Indeed, benchmarking calculations demonstrate that GeauxDock has a strong capacity to identify near-native conformations across docking trajectories with the area under receiver operating characteristics of 0.85. By excluding closely related templates, we show that GeauxDock maintains its accuracy at lower levels of homology through the increased contribution from physics-based energy terms compensating for weak evolutionary constraints. GeauxDock is available at http://www.institute.loni.org/lasigma/package/dock/.
Path-length resolved reflectance in tendon and muscle: erratum

We report and correct an error found in [Opt. Express 19, 8879–8887 (2011)]. All results and conclusions stay unchanged.
Management of the American Heart Association's guidelines for orthodontic treatment of patients at risk for infective endocarditis.

Introduction For over 50 years, the American Heart Association has made recommendations for the prevention of infective endocarditis. The first guidelines were published in 1955; since then, they have been updated 9 times, most recently in 2007. There is still confusion about which orthodontic procedures are most prone to generate bacteremias and lead to infective endocarditis in susceptible patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey to determine orthodontists' knowledge, attitudes, and in-office behaviors regarding the American Heart Association's guidelines. Methods A 4-page online survey consisting of 3 sections was sent to members of the American Association of Orthodontists by using a random number generator. The first section consisted of demographic information, the second consisted of questions about the respondents' practice characteristics, and the third included questions about the respondents' knowledge and management of the treatment of patients at risk for infective endocarditis. There were 78 responses. Results and Conclusions Orthodontists are screening for cardiac problems in the patient's medical history but to a lesser extent are requesting written medical clearance from the patient's physician before starting orthodontic treatment. Many of the orthodontists surveyed believed that their knowledge of the American Heart Association's guidelines and management of high-risk patients was in the good-to-excellent range. Orthodontists recommend antibiotic prophylaxis most frequently during band placement and removal. Patients at risk for infective endocarditis are somewhat likely to inquire about possible treatment sequelae associated with previous cardiac problems.
Welding, Tack, and Green Strength of Polymers

In recent years, we have considered the problem of strength development at polymer—polymer interfaces in terms of the static and dynamic properties of random-coil chains.(1–4) When two pieces of solid polymer are brought into contact, wetting or close molecular contact (van der Waals) first occurs followed by interdiffusion of chain segments back and forth across the wetted interface.
Generalizing symbolic execution to library classes

Forward symbolic execution is a program analysis technique that allows using symbolic inputs to explore program executions. The traditional applications of this technique have focused on programs that manipulate primitive data types, such as integer or boolean. Recent extensions have shown how to handle reference types at their representation level. The extensions have favorably been backed by advances in constraint solving technology, and together they have made symbolic execution applicable, at least in theory, to a large class of programs. In practice, however, the increased potential for applications has created significant issues with scalability of symbolic execution to programs of non-trivial size---the ensuing path conditions rapidly become unfeasibly complex.We present Dianju, a new technique that aims to address the scalability of symbolic execution. The fundamental idea in Dianju is to perform symbolic execution of commonly used library classes (such as strings, sets and maps) at the abstract level rather than the representation level. Dianju defines semantics of operations on symbolic objects of these classes, which allows Dianju to abstract away from the complexity that is normally inherent in library implementations, thus promising scalable analyses based on symbolic execution.
Pseudaminic acid, the major modification on Campylobacter flagellin, is synthesized via the Cj1293 gene.

Flagellins from Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 and Campylobacter coli VC167 are heavily glycosylated. The major modifications on both flagellins are pseudaminic acid (Pse5Ac7Ac), a nine carbon sugar that is similar to sialicacid, and an acetamidino-substituted analogue of pseudaminic acid (PseAm). Previous data have Indicated that PseAm Is synthesized via Pse5Ac7Ac In C. jejuni 81-176, but that the two sugars are synthesized using independent pathways in C. coli VC167. The Cj1293 gene of C. jejuni encodes a putative UDP-GlcNAc C 6 -dehydratase/C 4 -reductase that is similar to a protein required for glycosylation of Caulobacter crescentus flagellin. The Cj1293 gene is expressed either under the control of a σ 5 4 promoter that overlaps the coding region of Cj1292 or as a polycistronic message under the control of a σ 7 0 promoter upstream of Cj1292. A mutant in gene Cj1293 in C. jejuni 81-176 was non-motile and non-flagellated and accumulated unglycosylated flagellin intracellularly. This mutant was complemented in trans with the homologous C. jejuni gene, as well as the Helicobacter pylori homologue, HP0840, which has been shown to encode a protein with UDP-GlcNAc C 6 -dehydratase/C 4 -reductase activity. Mutation of Cj1293 in C. coli VC167 resulted in a fully motile strain that synthesized a flagella filament composed of flagellin In which Pse5Ac7Ac was replaced by PseAm. The filament from the C. coil Cj1293 mutant displayed increased solubility in SDS compared with the wild-type filament. A double mutant in C. coli VC167, defective in both Cj1293 and ptmD, encoding part of the independent PseAm pathway, was also non-motile and non-flagellated and accumulated unglycosylated flagellin intracellularly. Collectively, the data indicate that Cj1293 is essential for Pse5Ac7Ac biosynthesis from UDP-GlcNAc, and that glycosylation is required for flagella biogenesis in campylobacters.
A 32,000-Molecular Weight Protein from Bovine Placenta with Placental Lactogen-Like Activity in Radioreceptor Assays*

Considerable discrepancies exist in the literature concerning the size and activity of bovine placental lactogen. Our bovine placental lactogen purification preparations were 20% as active as bovine PRL (bPRL) on a per weight basis when compared to bPRL in a lactogenic radioreceptor assay. To identify the active component in these preparations, the proteins were radioiodinated and bound to membrane receptors in the presence and absence of competing hormones, bPRL, and bovine GH (bGH). After centrifugation, membrane pellets were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the gels were autoradiographed. Only one radioiodinated protein band was present. This protein was displaced in the presence of competing hormone and comigrated which a major component of the purification preparations. In radioreceptor assays the active component was as active as bPRL and bGH. From the migration of protein standards included with the radioiodinated purification preparations in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we estimate that the protein is 32,000 mol wt--about 10,000 mol wt larger than placental lactogens isolated in other species. The possibility that the active molecule was a precursor protein was investigated by examining proteins secreted by bovine placenta tissue cultures. The binding activity in these secretions, as well as in the purification preparations, eluted between ovalbumin (43,000 mol wt) and bPRL (22,000 mol wt) under nondenaturing conditions using high performance gel filtration chromatography. Analysis of this secreted protein, also by binding to membrane receptors, showed that the protein had the same molecular weight as that isolated from the purification preparations and was specifically displaced by the same hormones.
Factors Affecting the Yields of C1′ and C5′ Oxidation Products in Radiation-Damaged DNA: The Indirect Effect

Abstract This study reports the effects of denaturation and deoxygenation on radiation-induced formation of 2-deoxyribonolactone (2-dL) and 5′-aldehyde (5′-Ald) lesions in highly polymerized DNA. The radiation-chemical yields of 2-dL were determined through quantification of its dephosphorylation product 5-methylenefuranone (5MF). The formation of 5′-Ald was monitored qualitatively through the release of furfural (Fur) under the same conditions. The yields of 2-dL were found to be 7.3 ± 0.3 nmol J−1, or about 18% of the yield of free base release measured in the same samples. Denaturation increased the efficiency of 2-dL formation approximately twofold while deoxygenation resulted in a fourfold decrease. The release of Fur is about twofold lower than that of 5MF in aerated native DNA samples and is further reduced by denaturation of the DNA. Unlike 5MF, the formation of Fur requires the presence of molecular oxygen, which is consistent with peroxyl radical-mediated oxidation of C5′ radicals into 5′-Ald. I...
El Acuerdo de Libre Comercio Chile - Estados Unidos

Este documento realiza una reconstruccion del proceso que dio paso a la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio suscrito entre Chile y Estados Unidos. Para ello, adelanta una contextualizacion historica y politica a partir de la cual se identifican permanencias y rupturas en la politica economica chilena. En particular, se enfatizan las repercusiones de la transicion democratica para la apertura economica iniciada por Chile desde hace ya varias decadas. El autor concluye que el TLC entre Chile y Estados Unidos es la expresion formalizada, por una parte, de un largo recorrido en la apertura de la economia del pais y, por otra, de la politica de reinsercion internacional de Chile como nacion democratica.
Levelized Cost of Coating (LCOC) for selective absorber materials

A new metric has been developed to evaluate and compare selective absorber coatings for concentrating solar power applications. Previous metrics have typically considered the performance of the selective coating (i.e., solar absorptance and thermal emittance), but cost and durability were not considered. This report describes the development of the levelized cost of coating (LCOC), which is similar to the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) commonly used to evaluate alternative energy technologies. The LCOC is defined as the ratio of the annualized cost of the coating (and associated costs such as labor and number of heliostats required) to the average annual thermal energy produced by the receiver. The baseline LCOC using Pyromark 2500 paint was found to be %240.055/MWht, and the distribution of LCOC values relative to this baseline were determined in a probabilistic analysis to range from -%241.6/MWht to %247.3/MWht, accounting for the cost of additional (or fewer) heliostats required to yield the same baseline average annual thermal energy produced by the receiver. A stepwise multiple rank regression analysis showed that the initial solar absorptance was the most significant parameter impacting the LCOC, followed by thermal emittance, degradation rate, reapplication interval, and downtime during reapplication.
Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts: A model of mesenchymal cartilage formation

Cartilage formation is an intricate process that requires temporal and spatial organization of regulatory factors in order for a mesenchymal progenitor cell to differentiate through the distinct stages of chondrogenesis. Gene function during this process has best been studied by analysis of in vivo cartilage formation in genetically altered mouse models. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from such mouse models have been widely used for the study of growth control and DNA damage response. Here, we address the potential of MEFs to undergo chondrogenic differentiation. We demonstrate for the first time that MEFs can enter and complete the program of chondrogenic differentiation ex vivo, from undifferentiated progenitor cells to mature, hypertrophic chondrocytes. We show that chondrogenic differentiation can be induced by cell-cell contact or BMP-2 treatment, while in combination, these conditions synergistically enhance chondrocyte differentiation resulting in the formation of 3-dimensional (3-D) cartilaginous tissue ex vivo. Temporal expression profiles of pro-chondrogenic transcription factors Bapx1 and Sox9 and cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins Collagen Type II and X (Coll II and Coll X) demonstrate that the in vivo progression of chondrocyte maturation is recapitulated in the MEF model system. Our findings establish the MEF as a powerful tool for the generation of cartilaginous tissue ex vivo and for the study of gene function during chondrogenesis.
Volunteer Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Assessing Training Needs through Examining Error and Bias in Untrained Volunteers

BRIDGES is a recurring feature of J-NABS intended to provide a forum for the interchange of ideas and information between basic and applied researchers in benthic science. Articles in this series will focus on topical research areas and linkages between basic and applied aspects of research, monitoring policy, and education. Readers with ideas for topics should contact Associate Editors Nick Aumen and Marty Gurtz. Citizen monitoring groups are an important source of data needed to assess the status of streams and rivers. Scientists and other resource management professionals are striving to increase the involvement of citizens, and to improve the quality of the data they collect. In this article, Nerbonne and Vondracek address the ability of volunteers to correctly sort and identify benthic macroinvertebrates. The authors demonstrate the effects that macroinvertebrate size and motility have on the results of volunteer efforts, and relate these results to the use of 2 different taxonomic keys available from volunteer monitoring programs. Specific recommendations are made to improve volunteer monitoring programs.
Mean Drop Sizes from Pressure-Swirl Nozzles

A study of the factors governing the atomization process in pressure-swirl nozzles is presented. Extensive measurements of mean drop size are conducted on six simplex nozzles of different sizes and spray-cone angles. The liquids employed are water, diesel oil, and several blends of diesel oil with polybutene. These liquids provide a range of viscosity from 3 to 18 X 10~6 m2/s (3-18 cs), and a range of surface tension from 0.027 to 0.0734 kg/s2 (27-73.4 dyne/cm). The results are used to substantiate an equation for mean drop size derived from basic considerations of the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic processes that govern the atomization processes in pressureswirl nozzles. A very satisfactory correlation is demonstrated between predictions based on this equation and the actual measured values of mean drop size. Nomenclature A,B = constants, Eq. (16) Aa = air core area, m2 A0 = discharge orifice area, m2 Ap = swirl chamber port area, m2 Ds = swirl chamber diameter, m d0 = liquid orifice diameter, m m =mass flow rate, kg/s P = pressure, Pa AP = pressure differential, Pa Re = Reynolds number SMD = Sauter mean diameter, m t - film thickness in final orifice, m ts = liquid sheet thickness after exit from nozzle, m U = velocity, m/s We = Weber number X =Aa/A0 6 = spray cone half-angle, deg fj. = dynamic viscosity, kg/ms v = kinematic viscosity, m2/s p = density, kg/m3 a - surface tension, kg/s2 Subscripts A =air F = fuel L = liquid R = air relative to liquid
The epidemiology of lung cancer in women

Female lung cancer mortality rates have increased dramatically since 1950, and in 1987 lung cancer surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among US women. The epidemic in women, as in men, is attributable to cigarette smoking. Smoking prevalence in women peaked in the 1960s and 1970s and has since been declining, although fully 23.5% of adult women were current smokers in 1991. As a reflection of declines in smoking prevalence, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are declining slightly in women under 45 years old, and it is predicted that overall age-adjusted rates may begin to turn around early in the next century. Survival for the disease is poor; the relative 5-year survival rate for women diagnosed between 1981 and 1987 was only 16% for whites and 13% for African-Americans. This article describes trends in female lung cancer rates by race and age, provides staging and survival statistics, and briefly reviews the evidence on smoking and other risk factors (environmental tobacco smoke, radon, pollution, family history, previous lung disease, and diet) for lung cancer in women.
Potential Impact of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines on Pediatric Pneumococcal Diseases

Children younger than age 2 years have the highest rates of invasive pneumococcal disease and play an important role in its transmission. In the United States, seven pneumococcal serotypes cause approximately 80% of invasive disease and represent approximately 60% of middle-ear isolates in children younger than age 2 years; the majority of penicillin-resistant strains are confined to these same few serogroups. Although unconjugated polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing invasive disease in adults, these vaccines fail to protect against otitis media or nasopharyngeal carriage and are poorly immunogenic in children younger than age 2 years. A new generation of pneumococcal vaccines has been developed, linking the capsular polysaccharide of seven to 11 serotypes to a protein carrier. The only pneumococcal vaccine approved to date for children younger than age 2 years is a seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PnCRM-7) (Prevnar; Wyeth Vaccines, Pearl River, New York), which contains serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. PnCRM-7 is more immunogenic than the polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines and is 80-100% effective against vaccine-type invasive disease and 50-60% effective against vaccine-type pneumococcal otitis media. Routine immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines should substantially reduce the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with pneumococcal disease in children.
Measuring the accuracy of ROM reciprocal tables

We prove that a convenient ROM reciprocal table construction algorithm generates tables that minimize the relative error. The worst case relative errors realized for such optimally computed k-bits-in, m-bits-out ROM reciprocal tables are then determined for all table sizes 3/spl les/k,m/spl les/12. We next prove the table construction algorithm always generates a k-bits-in, k-bits-out table with relative errors never any greater than 3/4 2/sup -k/, and more generally with g guard bits that for (k+g)-bits-out the relative error is never any greater than 2-(k+1)(1+1/(2g+1)). To provide for determining extreme case test data and to compute the precision of a reciprocal table without prior construction of the full ROM reciprocal table, we describe a procedure that requires generation and inspection of only a small portion of such a table to identify input values guaranteed to include the worst case relative errors in the table. >
A Life of Variable Speeds On Constructing a Deleuzian Psychotherapy

In this paper, I attempt to explicate the fundamental ontology of the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze in order to think through the impli- cations of his understanding of the logic of sense for a critique and recon- struction of the ethics and practice of contemporary psychotherapy. I shall argue that Deleuze's understanding of sense leads to a new intensive con- ceptualization of subjectivity, which radically deconstructs the common sense and good sense that has structured Western notions of the subject since Plato. This new understanding of subjectivity opens up the possibility of constructing a different psychotherapy: a psychotherapy of difference con- ceptualized in terms of an ontology of dual temporalities or variable speeds.
A simple solution for electrocardiographic artifacts during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the intensive care unit.

LECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC (ECG) interference duringcardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a well-recognized phe-nomenon. The continued presence of a true ECG tracing afterplacement of an aortic cross-clamp and administration of car-dioplegia can warn of inadequate myocardial preservation,risks severe myocardial injury, and warrants immediate inter-vention. Thus, it is very important to distinguish between trueECG activity and ECG artifacts during this critical period toprovide timely needed therapy for the former or to avoid anunnecessary intervention for the latter. ECG artifacts can beattributed to static electricity, piezo-electric effects, mechanicalmovements, or electric equipment interference in the operatingroom. In this case report, a simple and effective solution todistinguish true ECG activity from other artifacts that mayoriginate from electrical equipment interference in the operat-ing room and the intensive care unit (ICU) is presented.
Evidence-based guideline update: Treatment of essential tremor Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Background: This evidence-based guideline is an update of the 2005 American Academy of Neurology practice parameter on the treatment of essential tremor (ET). Methods: A literature review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, and CINAHL was performed to identify clinical trials in patients with ET published between 2004 and April 2010. Results and Recommendations: Conclusions and recommendations for the use of propranolol, primidone (Level A, established as effective); alprazolam, atenolol, gabapentin (monotherapy), sotalol, topiramate (Level B, probably effective); nadolol, nimodipine, clonazepam, botulinum toxin A, deep brain stimulation, thalamotomy (Level C, possibly effective); and gamma knife thalamotomy (Level U, insufficient evidence) are unchanged from the previous guideline. Changes to conclusions and recommendations from the previous guideline include the following: 1) levetiracetam and 3,4-diaminopyridine probably do not reduce limb tremor in ET and should not be considered (Level B); 2) flunarizine possibly has no effect in treating limb tremor in ET and may not be considered (Level C); and 3) there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of pregabalin, zonisamide, or clozapine as treatment for ET (Level U). Neurology ® 2011;77:1752–1755
Structure-activity investigations on amphiphilic cationic copolymers of vinyl N,N-dimethylethylglycinate with vinyl alkanoate esters as highly effective antibacterial agents

Synthetic amphiphilic poly(vinyl ester) copolymers of vinyl N,N-dimethylethylglycinate with vinyl alkanoate esters can show very high antibacterial activities. The copolymers contain a positive charge one carbon away from the ester group and alkane side chains in the size range from methyl to hexyl groups. A copolymer (degree of polymerization as 9) with 37 mole% of hexyl side chains showed high antibacterial activities in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (31 μg mL−1 against Escherichia coli and 16 μg mL−1 against Staphylococcus aureus) and an unusually high hemolytic activity. Compared with its isomeric polymethacrylates, this extremely high hemolytic power of poly(vinyl ester) can be attributed to its more accessible CO dipole orientation for hydrogen bond formation and dipole–dipole interaction with the cell surface.
The Engagement Interview Protocol (EIP): Improving the Acceptance of Mental Health Treatment among Culturally Diverse Populations

Many patients from diverse cultural backgrounds are unfamiliar with Western psychiatric terminology and have high levels of stigma toward psychiatric illnesses. To enhance communication between clinicians and patients and engage patients in psychiatric treatment, we designed the Engagement Interview Protocol (EIP) to incorporate cultural components into a standard psychiatric evaluation [28]. The EIP elicits patients’ narratives and explores patients’ illness beliefs, which are integrated with patients’ information on medical and psychiatric history, psychosocial background, and mental status examination so that clinicians can negotiate treatment options in a culturally sensitive manner.
Energy demand and emission production comparison of electric, hydrogen and hydrogen-hybrid light rail trains

AbstractThis article focuses on whether hydrogen-power technology is suitable for light rail operation and how a hydrogen-powered train’s energy use and emission production compare with a conventional electric light rail train. The results of the simulations indicate that a hydrogen train and a hydrogen-hybrid train are technically feasible for operation on the Blue Line Extension light rail project. Both concept trains complete a round-trip journey quicker than the electric train and have similar power-to-weight ratios. Due to increased mass and volume requirements, the hydrogen and hydrogen-hybrid trains require additional energy at the wheels for propulsion, 10.1% and 10.7% more, respectively. The electric train, due to improved efficiencies throughout the energy pathway, uses substantially less feedstock energy. The hydrogen and hydrogen-hybrid trains produce 162% and 85% more CO2 emissions per year, respectively, than the electric train. Overall, while operational performance is comparable, the hydro...
Cyanobacteria associations in temperate forest bryophytes revealed by δ15N analysis1

Abstract Bryophytes have an important biogeochemical role in many forest ecosystems, where they regulate soil temperature and moisture and influence carbon and nitrogen (N) cycling. Associations between bryophytes and N2-fixing cyanobacteria have been reported in northern latitude forests and are shown to provide a substantial N input to these ecosystems, but whether the association extends into temperate forests remains largely unknown. We investigated the extent of bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations in common understory bryophytes in a temperate forest in New York using δ15N analyses and ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. Of the seven taxa examined, three (Fissidens taxifolius, Marchantia polymorpha, and Thuidium delicatulum) were associated with cyanobacteria, with colonization observed in 15–85% of the leaves examined. The taxa with cyanobacterial associations exhibited δ15N values that were 3.9‰ higher compared with taxa that did not, and the δ15N signatures were close to the atmospheric N2 signa...
Extremely Low Probability of Rupture (xLPR) Version 1.0 Code: Pilot Study Problem Results

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Standard Review Plan (SRP) 3.6.3 describes Leak-Before-Break (LBB) assessment procedures that can be used to demonstrate compliance with the 10CFR50 Appendix A, GDC-4 requirement that primary system pressure piping exhibit an extremely low probability of rupture. SRP 3.6.3 does not allow for assessment of piping systems with active degradation mechanisms, such as Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC) which is currently occurring in systems that have been granted LBB approvals. Along with a series of existing qualitative steps to assure safety in LBB-approved lines experiencing PWSCC, NRC staff, working cooperatively with the nuclear industry through a memorandum of understanding with the Electric Power Research Institute, is developing a new, modular based, comprehensive piping system assessment methodology to directly demonstrate compliance with the regulations. This project, called xLPR (eXtremely Low Probability of Rupture), will model the effects and uncertainties of relevant active degradation mechanisms and the associated mitigation activities. The resulting analytical tool will be comprehensive, vetted with respect to the technical bases of models and inputs, flexible enough to permit analysis of a variety of in-service situations and adaptable such as to accommodate evolving and improving knowledge. A multi-year project has begun that will first focus on the development of a viable method and approach to address the effects of PWSCC as well as define the requirements necessary for a modular-based assessment tool. To meet this goal, the first version of this code has been developed as part of a pilot study, which leverages existing fracture mechanics based models and software coupled to both a commercial and an open source code framework to determine the framework and architecture requirements appropriate for building a modular-based code with this complexity. The pilot study focused on PWSCC in pressurizer surge nozzles, and is meant to demonstrate the feasibility of this code and approach and not to determine the absolute values of the probability of rupture. Later development phases will broaden the scope of xLPR to appropriate primary piping systems in pressurized and boiling water reactors (PWR and BWR), using an incremental approach that incorporates the design requirements and lessons learned from previous iterations. This paper specifically examines the xLPR Version 1.0 model, the methods and approach used to couple the deterministic modules within a probabilistic software framework, and the results from the pilot study. A comparison of the results specific to the surge nozzle sample problem is presented. This paper concludes with lessons learned from the pilot study.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Tuberculosis remains an important problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States, with an estimated 6000 to 9000 new cases annually.1 The case rates are extraordinarily high among indigent patients and substance abusers, and one third of these patients are also infected with HIV.2 Much has been learned about the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons over the past several years. We summarize recent developments in these areas, as well as the effects of new antiretroviral therapies on antituberculosis regimens. HIV Infection and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis HIV-infected persons are at . . .
A Simple Introduction to the Method of Lines

The method of lines (MOL), a semianalytical procedure, is well known to experts in computational techniques in electromagnetics. The range of applications of the method has increased dramatically in the past few years; nevertheless, there is no introductory paper to initiate a beginner to the method. This paper illustrates the application of the MOL to solve Laplace's equation in rectangular and cylindrical coordinates. Two numerical examples are used to verify the procedure. The results obtained compare well with analytical solutions.
Abstract SY08-01: AMPK and mTOR in nutrient signaling, metabolism, and autophagy regulation.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Autophagy is a stress response protecting cells from unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient starvation. The cellular energy sensor AMPK and key growth controller mTOR, both are regulated by nutrient status, play major roles in autophagy regulation. The class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, Vps34, forms multiple complexes and regulates both intracellular vesicle trafficking and autophagy induction. We show that AMPK plays a key role in regulating different Vps34 complexes. AMPK inhibits the non-autophagy Vps34 complex by phosphorylating Vps34 and suppresses overall PI(3)P production and protects cells from starvation. In parallel, AMPK activates the pro-autophagy Vps34 complex by phosphorylating Beclin1 to induce autophagy. Atg14L, an autophagy essential gene present only in the pro-autophagy Vps34 complex, inhibits Vps34 phosphorylation but increases Beclin1 phosphorylation by AMPK. As such, Atg14L dictates the differential regulation (either inhibition or activation) of different Vps34 complexes in response to glucose starvation. In addition, the Vps34 complex is regulated by mTOR, which is inhibited by nutrient starvation. mTOR phosphorylates Beclin to inhibit the autophagy specific Vps34 complex. Our study reveals an intricate molecular regulation of Vps34 complexes by AMPK and mTOR in nutrient stress response and autophagy. Citation Format: Joungmok Kim, Ryan Russell, Haxin Yuan, Kun-Liang Guan. AMPK and mTOR in nutrient signaling, metabolism, and autophagy regulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY08-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY08-01
Wilderness in higher education: Considerations for educating professionals for the next 50 years

Over the past 50 years, an evolution has occurred in the instruction of wilderness professionals and practitioners within the higher education realm. The National Wilderness Conference, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act, provided a timely opportunity to discuss the current and future role of higher education and wilderness among academics and wilderness practitioners. During this conference, directives were released through a vision document, providing a set of shared interagency goals, priorities, and actions to guide future collaborative stewardship of designated wilderness. In this commentary stemming from this conference and aligning with the vision directives, we discuss the role of higher education and wilderness-based curriculum in the historical development of instruction, current academic practices through examples, challenges that should be considered, and suggestions for moving forward to enhance wilderness preservation and professionalism.
A Study of Adam Smith’s Original Contributions to Economic Theory and Decision Making under Uncertainty

The current, dominant belief among economists that Smith had made no original contributions to economic theory, outside of presenting an original system of thought that was composed of the original analysis of other thinkers, is incorrect. Smith made four unique contributions which have been overlooked. The first contribution was clear cut recognition that probabilities could not be calculated exactly using precise, single number answers .Probabilities were indeterminate and/or imprecise. The mathematical laws of the probability calculus can’t be applied, in general, to decision making in the real world. Smith rejects any decision making approach based on fair, or mathematical, lotteries .Secondly, Smith was the first to explicitly recognize that real world decision making was very uncertain, as opposed to being based on the mathematical concept of risk which was based on known probabilities and outcomes leading to expected value and expected utility calculations a la Jeremy Bentham’s rational economic calculator of probable odds model .Third, Smith was the first to recognize that, as long as the probabilities were greater than 0 , retaliatory tariffs might lead a country that had imposed a tariff on another country to rescind that decision .There was room for a set of strategies in conflicts between nations over tariffs involving war ,threats, negotiations, mediation, and retaliation implying tit for tat or chicken strategies .Fourth, Smith recognized that the main threat to economic prosperity originated from projectors, prodigals, and imprudent risk takers (J M Keynes’s speculators and rentiers) ,who were able to obtain bank loans in order to try to leverage their debt position many times over. The result would be that the bank’s deposits would be wasted and destroyed. This will lead to a recession or depression. Smith did not add this last sentence because it is obvious.
Semiclassical Path Integral Dynamics: Photosynthetic Energy Transfer with Realistic Environment Interactions

This article reviews recent progress in the theoretical modeling of excitation energy transfer (EET) processes in natural light harvesting complexes. The iterative partial linearized density matrix path-integral propagation approach, which involves both forward and backward propagation of electronic degrees of freedom together with a linearized, short-time approximation for the nuclear degrees of freedom, provides an accurate and efficient way to model the nonadiabatic quantum dynamics at the heart of these EET processes. Combined with a recently developed chromophore-protein interaction model that incorporates both accurate ab initio descriptions of intracomplex vibrations and chromophore-protein interactions treated with atomistic detail, these simulation tools are beginning to unravel the detailed EET pathways and relaxation dynamics in light harvesting complexes.
The Biomedical Engineering Handbook: Four Volume Set

The definitive "bible" for the field of biomedical engineering, this collection of volumes is a major reference for all practicing biomedical engineers and students. Now in its fourth edition, this work presents a substantial revision, with all sections updated to offer the latest research findings. New sections address drugs and devices, personali
Bivariate Transformations of Random Variables

This chapter extends the work in the previous chapter in order to automate the bivariate change-of-variables technique for bivariate continuous random variables with arbitrary distributions. The algorithm from the previous chapter for univariate change-of-variables was originally devised by Glen et al. [37]. The bivariate transformation procedure presented in this chapter handles 1-to-1, k-to-1, and piecewise k-to-1 transformations for both independent and dependent random variables. We also present other procedures that operate on bivariate random variables (e.g., calculating correlation and marginal distributions).
Extracellular dopamine, acetylcholine, and activation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors after selective breeding for cocaine self-administration in rats

The low self-administration (LS)/Kgras (LS) and high self-administration (HS)/Kgras (HS) rat lines were generated by selective breeding for low- and high-intravenous cocaine self-administration, respectively, from a common outbred Wistar stock (Crl:WI). This trait has remained stable after 13 generations of breeding. The objective of the present study is to compare cocaine preference, neurotransmitter release, and dopamine receptor activation in LS and HS rats. Levels of dopamine, acetylcholine, and cocaine were measured in the nucleus accumbens (NA) shell of HS and LS rats by tandem mass spectrometry of microdialysates. Cocaine-induced locomotor activity and conditioned-place preference were compared between LS and HS rats. HS rats displayed greater conditioned-place preference scores compared to LS and reduced basal extracellular concentrations of dopamine and acetylcholine. However, patterns of neurotransmitter release did not differ between strains. Low-dose cocaine increased locomotor activity in LS rats, but not in HS animals, while high-dose cocaine augmented activity only in HS rats. Either dose of cocaine increased immunoreactivity for c-Fos in the NA shell of both strains, with greater elevations observed in HS rats. Activation identified by cells expressing both c-Fos and dopamine receptors was generally greater in the HS strain, with a similar pattern for both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Diminished levels of dopamine and acetylcholine in the NA shell, with enhanced cocaine-induced expression of D1 and D2 receptors, are associated with greater rewarding effects of cocaine in HS rats and an altered dose-effect relationship for cocaine-induced locomotor activity.
Combined SPECT/CT and ultrasound imaging in preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas and its advantages in identification of pedunculated upper pole adenomas

1041 Learning Objectives 1. Illustrate the use of hybrid SPECT/CT fusion imaging in localization of parathyroid adenomas to the correct laterality and pole. 2. Illustrate the advantages of combined Hybrid SPECT/CT and ultrasound imaging in accurately localizing pedunculated upper pole parathyroid adenomas over scintigraphy alone. Summary: Planar scintigraphy and SPECT have been successfully used to localize parathyroid adenomas to the exact pole. We attempt to demonstrate the added value of using hybrid SPECT/CT combined with ultrasound to accurately localize pedunculated upper pole parathyroid adenomas which may be incorrectly localized to the lower pole by planar or SPECT imaging alone. We also attempt to illustrate the added value of combined SPECT/CT and ultrasound imaging in confirming extratyroidal location of the parathyroid adenomas, further reducing false positive findings in cases of intrathyroidal nodules.
Forests of South Dakota, 2017

This publication provides an overview of forest resources in South Dakota based on an inventory conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Northern Research Station (NRS) in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Agriculture, Resource Conservation and Forestry Division. Estimates are based on field data collected using the FIA annualized sample design and are updated yearly. Information about the national and regional FIA program is available at http://fia.fs.fed.us. For the 2017 inventory, the statewide base sample was augmented by a double intensification of plots within the Black Hills National Forest, thus increasing the sample size compared to previous inventories. The double intensification was initiated in 2017 and will continue in the 2018 inventory. Estimates for current variables such as area, volume, and biomass are based on 8,391 samples (484 forested) collected from 2011–2017. Change variables, such as net growth, removals, and mortality, are based on 8,262 samples (391 forested) collected in 2006–2011 and resampled in 2011–2017. Estimates from earlier annual and periodic inventories are shown for comparison. See Bechtold and Patterson (2005), O'Connell et al. (2014), and Gormanson et al. (2018) for definitions and technical details. A complete set of inventory tables is available at https://doi.org/10.2737/FS-RU-158.
Electronic structure of FePO 4 , LiFePO 4 , and related materials

The electronic structures of ${\mathrm{FePO}}_{4}$ and $\mathrm{Li}M{\mathrm{PO}}_{4},$ where $M=\mathrm{Mn},$ Fe, Co, and Ni, are studied within the framework of density-functional theory. These materials have interesting magnetic properties and have promising technological interest as cathode materials in rechargeable batteries. A comparison of results for various spin configurations suggests that the ferromagnetic configuration, while not seen experimentally, can serve as a useful approximation for studying general features of the electronic structure. The partial densities of states and contour plots of electron densities show that covalent bonding between Fe $3d$ and $\mathrm{O}2p$ orbitals is greater in ${\mathrm{FePO}}_{4}$ than in ${\mathrm{LiFePO}}_{4}.$ Nevertheless, ${\mathrm{LiFePO}}_{4}$ is calculated to have a greater binding energy than its ${\mathrm{FePO}}_{4}$ and Li metal components; the corresponding open circuit voltage for the cathode discharge is calculated to be 3.2 V, which is comparable to (although smaller than) the experimentally measured value.
Comparison of Phase Partition with Alternative Methods for Isolation of Subcellular Structures

Preparative free-flow electrophoresis alone or in combination with phase partition provides opportunities for decisive separations of membranous cell components and organelles based on surface charge not easily duplicated by classical differential or density centrifugation techniques. Applications include subfractionation of Golgi apparatus into component cisternae, isolation of plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles from plant homogenates without significant cross contamination one by the other, separation of cytoplasmic side out and cytoplasmic side in plasma membrane (and tonoplast) vesicles and in the enrichment of minor cell components such as lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum-derived transition vesicles. The procedures are facile, fast and efficient. Free-flow electrophoresis provides both analytical capabilities and the opportunity for continuous operation on a preparative scale. The procedure is nondestructive and fractions obtained retain full in vitro functional characteristics.