cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Corporate Social Responsibility make any differences when it comes to "Un-substitutable" Product from Customer Point of View

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is where a firm apart from making profits, the firm contributes by doing social good as a part of responsibilities to the society and environment. The masked intention of CSR is being questioned whether is the organization practices CSR for promotion or social responsibility in consumer point of view. The findings show that not all consumers trusted organization that practices CSR is real intentions. In regard to the practices, a handful of consumers do take CSR into account while making purchase decision. The evaluation of CSR initiatives had a direct result on the organization’s image and products. Each of the consumer would have their favorite products and to some extent the product is unsubstitutable by others product. Will consumer evaluates the firm of their unsubstitutable products and affects their buying decision on the “unsubstitutable” product in relate to the firm’s CSR?
Fluorescent in situ sequencing (FISSEQ) of RNA for gene expression profiling in intact cells and tissues

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) measures the quantitative change in gene expression over the whole transcriptome, but it lacks spatial context. In contrast, in situ hybridization provides the location of gene expression, but only for a small number of genes. Here we detail a protocol for genome-wide profiling of gene expression in situ in fixed cells and tissues, in which RNA is converted into cross-linked cDNA amplicons and sequenced manually on a confocal microscope. Unlike traditional RNA-seq, our method enriches for context-specific transcripts over housekeeping and/or structural RNA, and it preserves the tissue architecture for RNA localization studies. Our protocol is written for researchers experienced in cell microscopy with minimal computing skills. Library construction and sequencing can be completed within 14 d, with image analysis requiring an additional 2 d.
Sequencing technologies-the next generation

Demand has never been greater for revolutionary technologies that deliver fast, inexpensive and accurate genome information. This challenge has catalysed the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The inexpensive production of large volumes of sequence data is the primary advantage over conventional methods. Here, I present a technical review of template preparation, sequencing and imaging, genome alignment and assembly approaches, and recent advances in current and near-term commercially available NGS instruments. I also outline the broad range of applications for NGS technologies, in addition to providing guidelines for platform selection to address biological questions of interest.
Dynamic Test and Analysis of Curved Steel Box Girder Bridges

This paper presents experimental and analytical impact factors for two existing curved steel box girder bridges. A Florida Department of Transportation test truck with a total weight of 468.8 kN applied the dynamic loading. The truck speed was incrementally increased from crawl to design speed. To evaluate the test results, the truck was simulated as a nonlinear vehicle model with 15 degrees of freedom. The bridge deck surface was assumed to be good and was simulated as a random process. Test and analytical results show that the impact factors of torsion are normally less than 30%, as are the impact factors of bending moment for bridges with span lengths less than 39 m. The impact factors of vertical shear are generally less than 15%, as are the impact factors of bending moment for bridges with span lengths greater than 50 m. The current AASHTO Guide Specifications for Horizontally Curved Highway Bridges appears to overestimate the dynamic loading of curved steel box girder bridges, especially for bridges...
Profiling consumers who are ready to adopt insects as a meat substitute in a Western society

This study investigates the readiness of consumers in a Western society, where traditional meat consumption prevails, to adopt insects as a substitute for meat. Using cross-sectional data (n = 368) and binary logistic regression modeling, the study identifies gender, age, familiarity, food neophobia, convenience and environmental food choice motives, as well as meat-related attitudes and future meat consumption intentions as significant predictors. The predicted likelihood of adopting insects as a substitute for meat is 12.8% [95% CI: 6.1–19.4%] for males and 6.3% [95% CI: 2.8–9.9%] for females, other predictor variables held constant at their mean value. People who claim to be familiar with the idea of eating insects have a 2.6 times higher likelihood, and consumers who intend to reduce fresh meat intake are up to 4.5 times more likely to adopt insects. Food neophobia makes the largest contribution to consumers’ readiness to adopt insects: a one-unit increase in the food neophobia score is associated with a 84% decrease in the predicted odds of being ready to adopt insects. A stronger convenience orientation in food choice and a higher interest in the environmental impact of food choice increase the likelihood of adopting insects by 75% and 71% per unit increase in these predictors’ scores, respectively. By contrast, a one-unit stronger belief that meat is nutritious and healthy, and a one-unit higher importance attached to taste for meat lower the predicted odds by 64% and 61%, respectively. This study reveals that the most likely early adopters of insects as a novel and more sustainable protein source in Western societies are younger males with a weak attachment to meat, who are more open to trying novel foods and interested in the environmental impact of their food choice.
A Microcosm of the Biomedical Research Experience for Upper-level Undergraduates

The skill set required of biomedical researchers continues to grow and evolve as biology matures as a natural science. Science necessitates creative yet critical thinking, persuasive communication skills, purposeful use of time, and adeptness at the laboratory bench. Teaching these skills can be effectively accomplished in an inquiry-based, active-learning environment at a primarily undergraduate institution. Cell Biology Techniques, an upper-level cell biology laboratory course at St. John Fisher College, features two independent projects that take advantage of the biology of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a premier yet simple model organism. First, students perform a miniature epigenetic screen for novel phenotypes using RNA interference. The results of this screen combined with literature research direct students toward a singe gene that they attempt to subclone in the second project. The biology of the chosen gene/protein also becomes an individualized focal point with respect to the content of the laboratory. Progress toward course goals is evaluated using written, oral, and group-produced assignments, including a concept map. Pre- and postassessment indicates a significant increase in the understanding of broad concepts in cell biological research.
Issues in the epidemiology of melanoma

Melanoma is usually cured by simple excision of the primary lesion, but nevertheless it is fatal in about one fifth of cases. Although the impact of melanoma on the lives of its survivors may be important, reduction of mortality from melanoma remains the primary public health goal.
Overturning Term Limits: The Legislature's Own Private Idaho?

political science at the University of Denver anc/ the author of Tax Crusaders and the Politics of Direct Democracy (Routledge, 1998). He serves on the Board of Directors of the Ballot Initiative Strategy Center Foundation lBISCF) and has published widely on the process and politics of direct democracy, interest groups, and political parties in the American states. He would like to thank Gary Moncrief, Dan Levin, and his colleagues last year at the University of Florida, particularly Jeff Gill ancl Dave Hecige, for their critical feedback on this article. He can be contacted at dasmith@du.edu. Let's not mince words, the Idaho Legislature, with Speaker Newcomb as headthug, has launched a coup d'etat against the people. It must not stand. Paul Jacobs (2002), Senior Fellow, U.S. Term Limits
Potential Pitfalls in Screening Programs for Congenital Hypothyroidism

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Delineate situations in which blood specimens for screening may be overlooked. 2. Describe the patterns of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine concentrations in very low-birthweight infants and the implications of these patterns for thyroid screening programs. For those of us involved in newborn screening, there is nothing more devastating than learning that the program did not detect an infant who has congenital hypothyroidism. After a moment of disbelief, we ask, “How did this happen and what should or could have been done to prevent such tragedy?” Moreover, in the typical scenario the misfortune frequently is compounded by failure of the clinician to make the clinical diagnosis in a timely fashion. Although these events are rare (probably less than one birth in 1 million), they should not be taken lightly. For the pediatrician, knowing where potential pitfalls lie might spare some future family from the needless anguish of a missed diagnosis. Slightly more than one quarter of a century ago a report emanating from Canada described a procedure for the measurement of thyroxine (T4) in dried blood on filter paper, opening the way for early detection and treatment of infants who have congenital hypothyroidism. Within a relatively short period of time, newborn screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism emerged in most of the industrialized nations, thereby relegating a major scourge of society to the status of a medical curiosity. At the outset, most screening programs were relatively primitive, lacking sophisticated data management systems and beset with technical and logistical problems. However, the manufacture of reliable assay materials and the introduction of automation coupled with online data reduction eventually improved these programs. Such improvements, together with growing experience in interpretating test results, overcame many of the drawbacks associated with early screening programs. Although most (but not …
Matching, Sorting, and the Distributional Effects of International Trade

We study the distributional consequences of trade in a world with two industries and two heterogeneous factors of production. Productivity in each production unit re‡ects the ability of the manager and the abilities of the workers, with complementarity between the two. We begin by examining the forces that govern the sorting of worker and manager types to industries, and the matching of workers and managers within industries. We then consider how changes in
Stabilization of cadmium and lead in portland cement paste using a synthetic seawater leachant

The seawater leachability of cadmium and lead sludges solidified in portland cement paste was investigated. The leachates of the wastes containing cadmium and lead were analyzed for metal contents using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) as well as pH and alkalinity. A control sample containing only portland cement paste was also leached to serve as a comparison. Results show that the total cadmium leached from the stabilized waste over a 50-day period was about 1.0% of the total cadmium added to the paste. Lead was not detected in the leachate, however, this could be due to physical and analytical interferences associated with lead. The pH and alkalinity data show that initially, hydroxide is leached from the waste and calcium carbonates are formed on the particle surfaces. After a 50-day period, the pH and alkalinity of the waste leachates approach that of the seawater leachant. The microstructure of the waste samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of lead did not appear to have an effect on the hydrated structure of the portland cement paste, whereas cadmium seemed to create a more porous microstructure with abundant colloidal ettringite (a calcium sulfoaluminate compound often found in hydrated portland cement paste). Results show that the fixation of cadmium in portland cement paste accelerates sulfate attack on the paste by seawater, which in turn leads to destructive cracking of the paste. It appears that cadmium release is related to the physical destruction of the portland cement paste.
X- and Y-mediated current sources in areas 17 and 18 of cat visual cortex.

X- and Y-mediated input to areas 17 and 18 of the cat visual cortex was studied using current-source-density analysis of field potentials evoked by stimulation of the optic nerves. A cuff-shaped electrode was used for stimulation so that Y axons, by virtue of their larger diameters, would have lower electrical thresholds than X axons. The effect in each cortical area of activating Y axons alone could therefore be determined by low-&litude stimulation of the optic nerves. Current-source densities were calculated by two separate methods. (1) In five experiments, field potentials were measured sequentially at different cortical depths with a single tungsten electrode. Current densities were then calculated by computer. (2) In two experiments, current densities were derived in real time from field potentials recorded simultaneously from three sites with a multi-electrode probe. The calculation was performed by an analog circuit specially designed for this purpose. This method has several advantages over the standard, single-electrode method. At stimulus strengths sufficient to activate the majority of Y axons in the optic nerves, but subthreshold to most X axons, the field potentials evoked in area 17 changed little from layer to layer. When the current-source-density analysis was applied to these potentials, no significant sources or sinks were detectable. Only when the stimulus strength was raised to the point that both X and Y axons were activated by the stimulus were any current sources or sinks detected in area 17. The currents were similar in time course and laminar pattern to those recorded after stimulation of the optic chiasm. In area 18, large sources and sinks were evoked by stimulation of Y axons alone. These currents changed little when the stimulus strength was increased to activate X axons as well. Area 18, therefore, in contrast to area 17, seems to be dominated by Y input and receives little X input. These results support the conclusions of the accompanying paper in which synaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly from cortical neutrons. The intracellular experiments failed to show substantial Y input to area 17. The projections of X and Y axons may therefore be much more highly segregated into areas 17 and 18 than previously thought. Alternatively, the nature of the Y input to area 17 may be very different from that to area 18 in that it cannot be easily detected with intracellular or current-source-density techniques.
Improving text collection selection with coverage and overlap statistics

In an environment of distributed text collections, the first step in the information retrieval process is to identify which of all available collections are more relevant to a given query and which should thus be accessed to answer the query. We address the challenge of collection selection when there is full or partial overlap between the available text collections, a scenario which has not been examined previously despite its real-world applications. To that end, we present COSCO, a collection selection approach which uses collection-specific coverage and overlap statistics. We describe our experimental results which show that the presented approach displays the desired behavior of retrieving more new results early on in the collection order, and performs consistently and significantly better than CORI, previously considered to be one of the best collection selection systems.
Patient-Centered Care and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Patient-centered care (PCC) has been studied for several decades. Yet a clear definition of PCC is lacking, as is an understanding of how specific PCC processes relate to patient outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of the PCC literature to examine the evidence for PCC and outcomes. Three databases were searched for all years through September 2012. We retained 40 articles for the analysis. Results found mixed relationships between PCC and clinical outcomes, that is, some studies found significant relationships between specific elements of PCC and outcomes but others found no relationship. There was stronger evidence for positive influences of PCC on satisfaction and self-management. Future research should examine specific dimensions of PCC and how they relate to technical care quality, particularly some dimensions that have not been studied extensively. Future research also should identify moderating and mediating variables in the PPC-outcomes relationship.
Phenotype-genotype correlation of in vitro SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan) and bilirubin glucuronidation in human liver tissue with UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism

Background Hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform 1A1 (UGT1A1) is primarily responsible for the glucuronidation of SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin), the active metabolite of the anticancer agent irinotecan. UGT1A1, also catalyzing the glucuronidation of bilirubin, has been shown to have reduced activity in Gilbert's syndrome. The presence of an additional TA repeat [(TA)7 TAA] in the TATA sequence of UGT1A1 has been associated with Gilbert's syndrome. Objective To evaluate the relationship between UGT1A1 phenotypic activity and UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism. Methods Phenotypic measurements included in vitro SN-38 and bilirubin glucuronidation in human liver microsomes (n = 44). A recently developed genotyping test was used to determine TATA sequence polymorphisms in UGT1A1. Genotypes were assigned as follows: 7/7, homozygous for the (TA)7 TAA allele; 6/6, homozygous for the (TA)6 TAA allele; and 6/7, heterozygous with 1 of each allele. Results Nine percent of screened liver samples were found to be homozygous for allele 7 (7/7), 43% were homozygous for allele 6 (6/6), and 48% were heterozygous (6/7). Frequencies of (TA)7 TAA and (TA)6 TAA alleles were 0.33 and 0.67, respectively. A significant trend toward a decrease in SN-38 and bilirubin glucuronidation rates was found as the number of TA repeats increased (6/6 > 6/7 > 7/7). Glucuronidation rates of both substrates were significantly lower in the 7/7 and 6/7 groups compared with the 6/6 group. Conclusions The results indicate a significant association of UGT1A1 phenotype and genotype based on in vitro phenotypic measurements. The clinical significance of our finding remains to be established. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999) 65, 576–582; doi:
Calculating float in linear schedules with singularity functions

This paper presents an exact approach of calculating float for each activity in linear schedules. It is based on singularity functions, which have been used previously to determine the criticality of activities in said schedules. Singularity functions are versatile in that they can describe multiple changes of productivity within each activity, can be evaluated by hand if desired, and thus provide the basis for a complete schedule analysis methodology. Following a brief review of how activities and their buffers are modeled with singularity functions, this paper examines types of float that are commonly encountered in the critical path method of scheduling and develops an equivalent approach for linear schedules. An example from the literature is used to demonstrate the application of the new float analysis.
Autoantibodies to Nonhistone Nuclear Antigens

In the absence of precise etiologic and pathogenetic information, the diagnosis of the rheumatic diseases is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and pathological features. Serologic findings have assumed increasing diagnostic importance since the discovery by Hargraves et al. (1948) of the LE cell, the forerunner of the antinuclear antibodies. Subsequent studies by Holman and Kunkel (1957) showed that the LE cell phenomenon was caused by a circulating autoantibody reacting with autologous nuclear material (DNA-histone). More recently, the widely used indirect immunofluorescent test has served as a sensitive screening test and has revealed the presence of circulating autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA) in systemic rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis or scleroderma (PSS), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Sjogren’s syndrome, and poly/dermatomyositis.
Analysis of 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(3-iodo-e-allyl)nortropane in rat plasma. I. Method development and validation by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract Altropane, 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)- N -(3-iodo- E -allyl)nortropane, is an imaging agent that was developed recently for early detection of Parkinson’s disease. Its promise as a useful radiopharmaceutical for single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging of the brain has been well demonstrated, and it is currently undergoing clinical trials. This paper presents methods development and validation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques to analyze Altropane in aqueous environments as well as in rat plasma, using an internal standard, nicotinamide. N -Allylaltropane, 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)- N -allylnortropane, which is a known degradation product of the Altropane precursor (tributyltinaltropane), was used to verify the method’s specificity. A solid-phase extraction method for extraction of Altropane from rat plasma is also described. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the applicability of CE methods to study the pharmacokinetic properties of Altropane in animal models. The results of the pharmacokinetic study will be published later, as Part II.
Can I Stop My Medications Now that I Am Feeling Well? Why Maintenance Therapy Is Important in Preventing Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic lifelong disease, to which there is currently no medical cure. However, effective immunosuppressive therapy has become the mainstay of inducing and maintaining remission in IBD patients. It is often during the maintenance phase of treatment, when patients are feeling well, that consideration or inquisition is made to stopping or reducing immunosuppression. This chapter outlines the evidence describing the risks of disease relapse in patients that reduce or stop medical therapy.
Long, Deep and Wide Artificial Neural Nets for Dealing with Unexpected Noise in Machine Recognition of Speech

Most emphasis in current deep learning artificial neural network based automatic recognition of speech is put on deep net architectures with multiple sequential levels of processing. . The current work argues that benefits can be also seen in expanding the nets longer in temporal direction, and wider into multiple parallel processing streams.
Direct and Indirect Horizontal Transmission of the Antifungal Probiotic Bacterium Janthinobacterium lividum on Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans) Tadpoles.

ABSTRACT Amphibian populations worldwide are being threatened by the disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. To mitigate the effects of B. dendrobatidis, bioaugmentation of antifungal bacteria has been shown to be a promising strategy. One way to implement bioaugmentation is through indirect horizontal transmission, defined as the transfer of bacteria from a host to the environment and to another host. In addition, direct horizontal transmission among individuals can facilitate the spread of a probiotic in a population. In this study, we tested whether the antifungal bacterium Janthinobacterium lividum could be horizontally transferred, directly or indirectly, in a laboratory experiment using Lithobates clamitans tadpoles. We evaluated the ability of J. lividum to colonize the tadpoles9 skin and to persist through time using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. We also tested whether the addition of J. lividum affected the skin community in L. clamitans tadpoles. We found that transmission occurred rapidly by direct and indirect horizontal transmission, but indirect transmission that included a potential substrate was more effective. Even though J. lividum colonized the skin, its relative abundance on the tadpole skin decreased over time. The inoculation of J. lividum did not significantly alter the skin bacterial diversity of L. clamitans tadpoles, which was dominated by Pseudomonas. Our results show that indirect horizontal transmission can be an effective bioaugmentation method. Future research is needed to determine the best conditions, including the presence of substrates, under which a probiotic can persist on the skin so that bioaugmentation becomes a successful strategy to mitigate chytridiomycosis.
Biology and Immature Stages of Dichaeta caudata (Diptera: Ephydridae)

In northeastern Ohio and northwestern Montana, adults of Dichaeta caudata (Fallen), a common and widely distributed species of the subfamily Notiphilinae, are found most abundantly in sedge marshes containing open areas of exposed mud that have surface accumulations of moist, decaying vegetation. Adults can live 10–60 days in the laboratory, and females have a preoviposition period of 5–15 days. Eggs are deposited throughout the summer and there are no obvious interruptions between generations. The incubation period lasts 1–2 days. Larvae feed within decaying plant materials and probably ingest mostly microorganisms, particularly bacteria and yeasts. Larval development requires 7–17 days. Although the puparium has a long caudal breathing tube and is welladapted for floating, puparia are formed in somewhat drier situations than those preferred by the larvae. The combined prepupal and pupal periods last 6–8 days, and the entire life cycle can be completed in 19–44 days under laboratory conditions (21–25°C). Overwintering apparently takes place as adults in diapause. The egg, 3 larval instars, and puparium are described and illustrated.
Fatigue Assessment of a Weld Joint Subjected to Thermal Stresses

Fatigue analysis is performed for a full-penetration weld joint, welded from both sides, connecting a cylindrical vessel to a flat head. It is subjected to a repeated transient cycle of ambient temperature inside the vessel. No pressure is cycled. Finite element heat transfer and elastic stress analyses are performed, and stress ranges are calculated. The allowable number of cycles for cyclic service is obtained by two structural stress methods. One is a method proposed for the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code and the other is in the European Standard for unfired pressure vessels. It is found that for the same geometry and loading the former would permit 136,000 or 36,000 cycles while the latter would permit 8,000 cycles.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
PFGE molecular subtyping of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and three virulence genes distributions in food

Objective:To understand the relationship between patients and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from food;to understand the virulence gene distribution in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from food.Methods:The strains isolated from food were analyzed with PFGE and three virulence genes distributions were determined with PCR.Results:The 55 strains of O1-O4 Vibrio parahaemolyticus were divided into 50 PFGE patterns.The three virulence genes distributions were:12 were positive for tdh;55 were positive for tlh and 55 were negative for trh.Conclusion:The PFGE pattern of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food were diverse;the gene distributions of virulence gene were also diverse.
A Study of Process of Information Publicity for Public Health Emergencies in China

It is important and necessary to open information in public health emergences.Since the outbreak of SARS in 2003,China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,information distribution system,consultation system,telephone counseling system,infectious disease early warning system,etc.have established.The process improved our ability of controlling infections and authority public credibility.Though several achievements we have acquired,there are still several problems.Those forced use to perfect and regulate the systems,establish the concept of public service,develop a variety of channel of release information.
Securing Plastic Money Using an RFID Based Protocol Stack.

Since 2006, there have been three major systems that have been implemented in an attempt to reduce the threat of credit card fraud Chip and PIN (United Kingdom), Chip Authentication Program CAP (European Union), and RFID enabled credit cards (United States of America). In spite of a big effort by the EMV, there has been little evidence to demonstrate the success of these schemes in stopping fraudsters, scammers, and identity thieves. This may be attributed to combinations of poor usability, lack of trusted interfaces, the absence of smart-card cryptography that takes full advantage of the available computation resources, and inadequate authentication protocols. In this paper, we explain the shortcomings and vulnerabilities of each of these systems, and then explain requirements of a secure and usable cashless payment system. We also describe a new RFID based protocol stack SECAPS (Secure Cashless Payment System), which obviates many of the attacks on the current schemes by using the newly available computation resources on modern RFID Tags.
Cryptology at the Front and at Home

World War I saw an explosion of work in cryptology. The advent of radio—wireless telegraphy—made it crucial that armies be able to hide the contents of their communications from the enemy. Both sides also struggled with the problem of creating systems that were secure, but also usable under battlefield conditions and by soldiers who had minimal training in cryptology. This chapter explores the ways in which both sides created new systems to hide their plans from the enemy.
Anti-epileptic drugs in pediatric traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pediatric post-traumatic epilepsy incidence varies depending on reporting mechanism and injury severity; anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) use also varies with lack of quality evidence-based data. Adverse AED effects are not negligible; some may negatively affect functional outcome. This review focuses on clarifying available data.Areas covered: This review discusses seizures associated with traumatic brain injury in children, including seizure incidence, relationship to severity of injury, potential detrimental effects of seizures, potential benefits of AED, adverse effects of AED, new developments in preventing epileptogenesis, and suggested recommendations for patient management. English language papers were identified from PubMed using search terms including but not excluding the following: adverse drug effects, anti-epileptic drugs, children, electroencephalogram, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, head injury, levetiracetam, pediatrics, phenytoin, post-traumatic epilepsy, prevention, prophyla...
Collective memory and sacred space in post-genocide Rwanda: Reconciliation and rehumanization processes in Mureithi’s ICYIZERE

ABSTRACTWe assess Mureithi's 2009 documentary, ICYIZERE: hope (Motion Picture, Josiah Films), as a document of representational space and collective memory. We argue that the post-genocide reconciliation workshop represented in the film embodies and constructs a sacred/secular space. The reconciliatory space is produced through (1) negotiations of dialectical tensions between past/present as well as individual/collective memory, and (2) (re)presentations of rehumanization within the workshop whereby participants (and audiences) can (re)interpret the Other. We analyze the rehumanization process in the documentary via identity widening theory (Ellis, D.G., 2006, Transforming conflict: Communication and ethnopolitical conflict. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers) and empathetic human interaction. Finally, we detail how the documentary situates participants within a transformative space of negotiated memories of the genocide with current day reconciliation efforts.
Intracavity laser spectroscopy study of overtone absorption lines of methane at low temperatures

Intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS) with multimode broadband dye lasers is studied relative to its capability to accurately reveal absorption lineshapes of gas samples placed within the laser cavity. The extended cavity dye laser is operated in chopped mode to maintain the broadband output (Fig. 1). The output of the ILS laser is fed simultaneously to both medium and high resolution spectrographs (resolving powers of 100,000 and 800,000 respectively) via an optical fiber. Broadband tuning of the ILS laser is accomplished by rotating an intracavity pellicle, which acts as a thin etalon. A cryogenically cooled absorption cell is placed within the laser cavity. The conditions necessary to avoid both lineshape distortion (by nonlinear processes) and spectral contamination (by parasitic fringe structures) have been established. Procedures have been developed for the calibration of high resolution spectra and for the analysis of highly congested spectra. A scanning technique has been developed to measure absorption coefficients over broad spectral ranges at low to medium resolutions.
Service-Learning in Higher Education: Critical Issues and Directions (Book Review)

Service-Learning in Higher Education: Critical Issues and Directions. Dan W. Butin (Editor). 2005. New York: Plagrave Macmillan. 230 pp. ISBN: 1-4049-6877-2. Price: $90.95 (Hardcover); $33.95 (Paperback).
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Sequence Heterogeneity among and within Single Human CD34 Cells, T Cells, B Cells and Granulocytes.

Abstract Abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are responsible for a variety of inherited syndromes and have been broadly implicated in aging, cancer, and autoimmunity diseases. Mutations in mtDNA have been reported in myelodysplasia and leukemia, although their pathogenic mechanism remains uncertain. We have described age-dependent accumulation of mtDNA mutations, leading to a high degree of mtDNA sequence heterogeneity among normal marrow and blood CD34 cells as well as in granulocytes (Shin M et al, Blood 101:3118[ 2003], 103:553 [2004], 103:4466 [2004]). In order to examine mtDNA heterogeneity in detail, we developed a method for analysis of the mtDNA control region from single cells that were sorted by flow cytometry. Highly purified populations of CD34 cells, T cells, B cells, and granulocytes were obtained from five healthy adult donors. The sequence of the individual cells' mtDNA was compared to the aggregate mtDNA for the respective cell type and differences were expressed as a measure of mtDNA heterogeneity among cells. Overall, heterogeneity was high: for circulating CD34 cells, 38±3.4%; for T cells, 37±14%; B cells, 36±10.8%; and for granulocytes, 48±7.2% (the value for granulocytes statistically differed from CD34 cells; p = 0.03). Most intercellular heterogeneity was due to polyC tract length variability; however, mtDNA base substitution mutations were also prevalent: 15±5.5% in CD34 cells; 15±9.0% in T cells, 15±6.7% in B cells; and 33±2.4% for granulocytes (granulocytes were significantly higher than other cells; p
Kant’s Political Zweckmässigkeit

While Kant’s political writings employ a teleological language, the exact benefit of such language to his politics is far from clear. Against recent interpretations of Kant’s political thought, which downplay or dismiss the role of teleology, I restore Zweckmassigkeit to its place in Kant’s politics as a theoretically and practically useful material principle, and show that a teleological perspective complements the perspective stipulated by the formal principle of Recht. By means of a systematic reconstruction of what I call ‘political Zweckmassigkeit’, we gain a fuller portrayal of and a valuable insight into Kant’s political thought.
Winter and Early-Spring Survey of Thrips Vectors and Host Plants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus in and near a Flue-Cured Tobacco Farmscape

The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), is an economic pest of flue-cured tobacco because it vectors tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. Other species of thrips are also vectors of spotted wil...
Does the NEA Need Saving

What are the stakes in saving the NEA, today? Departing from the recent legislative back-and-forth between President Donald Trump and Congress over the budgetary future of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), this performance analysis of the NEA’s 31 March 2017 meeting of the National Council on the Arts reveals the complex political posturing that undergirds federal support for the arts in US culture.
Chapter 25 Remyelination and restoration of axonal function by glial cell transplantation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the data on functional recovery following glial cell transplantation and the structural basis of repair, and discusses whether this information will lead to human intervention. Research on glial cell transplantation has used two model systems to study myelination or remyelination by transplanted cells. In the first, animals with a genetic deficiency in myelination, the myelin mutants have been used as recipients of cell transplants. The second approach has been to create focal areas of demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) that can be targeted for transplant repair, by injecting the myelinotoxic chemicals lysolecithin or ethidium bromide. In more generalized disorders, such as Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD), the experiments on the md rat also suggest that recovery could occur if means were available to create widespread myelination by transplanted cells. Transverse myelopathy, a focal spinal cord disorder, might be targeted if it can be shown that a significant population of axons are present at the lesion.
The Venous Systems

The venous systems as the largest reservoirs of blood. Vis a fronte, vis a tergo, and Donders’ claim that the respiratory system aids the return of blood to the central veins. Throat formation in steady flow. Picturesque terminology for flow in collapsible vessels explained via consideration of a three terminal port arrangement. Atrial and ventricular suction. The pulmonary venous bed equipped with two pulsatile sources, one at each end. Note: The nonlinear pressure-flow relations in collapsible vessels appear in Chap. 5 following the linear treatment of stiffer arteries.
Modeling at the Structural Level

A digital system is usually represented as a hierarchical collection of components. Each component has a set of ports which communicate with the other components. A design can contain instances of lower-level designs, connected by signals to the lower-level designs’ ports. In a VHDL description, a design hierarchy is introduced through component declarations and component instantiation statements.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay of Brain Tissues Using Percoll Gradient-Purified Nuclei

Protein-DNA interactions are critical to maintain genome stability, DNA replication, chromosome -segregation and to regulate gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technique to study these interactions within living neurons and nervous tissue. In particular, ChIP analysis of chromatin in which protein-DNA interactions are first fixed in situ provides a valuable approach to identify specific transcription factor-DNA interactions and their regulation in the developing nervous system. Here we describe a procedure utilizing Percoll gradient purification of nuclei from fresh brain tissue pre-fixed with formaldehyde for ChIP analysis. This purification protocol provides an enrichment of neuronal nuclei in high yield. We also illustrate the suitability of chromatin prepared from Percoll-purified brain nuclei for ChIP analysis of regulated transcription factor interactions with neuronal gene promoters.
Immune response of cattle to Brucella abortus outer membrane proteins measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis.

Abstract Lymphocytes from cattle were tested in a blastogenesis test with outer membrane proteins isolated from smooth strain 2308 and rough strain 45 20 of Brucella abortus . The titration assay developed for measuring blastogenesis to microbial antigens (Baldwin, Antczak and Winter, this issue, pp. 319–333) was used to assess the response to both group 2 (porins) (Douglas et al., 1984) and group 3 proteins (Verstreate et al., 1982). Blastogenesis was evaluated for distinguishing cattle infected with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 from unimmunized cattle, cattle vaccinated with attenuated strain 19, or inoculated with Escherichia coli 0116:H31, known to cause serological cross-reactions with B. abortus (Nielsen et al., 1980). Strain 45 20 porin was the most effective for this purpose and data analyses utilizing the titration assay were better than those relying on a single point assay. When compared with BASA, an antigen preparation used in other studies (Kaneene et al., 1978a), responses to porin provided a more specific index of infection with B. abortus . Reactions to 45 20 porin occurred, however, in some heifers vaccinated as adults with strain 19 or inoculated with E. coli 0116:H31. Furthermore, nonpregnant heifers had negligible or only transient blastogenesis responses to the porin during the first 14 weeks after infection even though they developed strong O antibody responses. We do not recommend the blastogenesis test in its present form as a sole method for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. However, it may constitute a useful adjunct to serological tests, and could allow measurement of cell mediated immune responses relevant to protective immunity.
Languages, Structures, and Models

In Sections 2–15 we developed Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory in a very simple language and we proved Godel’s consistency results. In Sections 16–18 we enriched the original language by adding individual constants. In this enriched language we developed a rather powerful technique, Cohen’s forcing, with which we proved one of Cohen’s independence results. In this section we will introduce a language that is richer than any we have used heretofore. We will briefly outline the development of Zermelo-Fraenkel theory in this language and define certain concepts for later use. One of our objectives is to explain an earlier claim that the theories ZF {α} are slightly different formulations of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory than that of Sections 2–15. Our main objective, however, is the introduction of a language 𝓛 that is of great value in the development of a very general method for attacking certain problems in set theory.
Coping with Turbulence: The Resilience Imperative

Change in the 21st century is rapid-fire and turbulent. As globalization, technological complexity, and interdependence have created new opportunities, they have also created new uncertainties. In this environment, resilience is emerging as a new and increasingly critical priority for companies and countries alike. Yet few people understand why resilience is critical — or even what it is.For countries, a strategic focus on resilience is as important to quality of life as it is to safety. It means not only ensuring the reliable provision of basic services but also reducing the variations in economic opportunity that come with major societal disruptions. A resilient society can cope with a variety of disruptions to critical systems — physical, virtual, health and economic — and its response will be agile, rapid, and resourceful, regardless of the cause of disruption.
Control or Verify Phase

If the project involves an improvement to existing systems, the term “control” is used to refer to the final six sigma project phase in which tentative recommendations are confirmed and institutionalized. This follows because inspection controls are being put in place to confirm that the changes do initially increase quality and that they continue to do so. If the associated project involves new product or service design, this phase also involves confirmation. Since there is less emphasis on evaluating a process on an on-going basis, the term “verify” refers evaluation on a one-time, off-line basis.
Leveraging machine vision in cell-based diagnostics to do more with less.

Highly quantitative, robust, single-cell analyses can help to unravel disease heterogeneity and lead to clinical insights, particularly for complex and chronic diseases. Advances in computer vision and machine learning can empower label-free cell-based diagnostics to capture subtle disease states.
Early Experience With Sacubitril/Valsartan in Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

Background:Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalizations and death in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Sacubitril/valsartan is a new agent in the treatment of HF, ...
Mystery Case: Missed diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presenting with recurrent ischemia

A 35-year-old patient presented with hemianopia, decreased consciousness, and bilateral cortical foci of restricted diffusion (figure). Investigations for migraine, vasculitis, and cardiogenic stroke were negative. Four months later, the patient developed left foot claudication and discoloration. She was found to have lingual mucocutaneous telangiectasias and epistaxis. Further workup revealed pulmonary and cerebral arterial–venous malformations (AVMs). The patient met 3/4 Curacao criteria and had a definite hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) diagnosis. Paradoxical emboli were the cause of her infarcts and lower extremity ischemia.
Biochemistry of Pathological Effects of Light Trauma (Paper in Abstract)

Light can produce a number of different types of trauma. It can, as the result of photochemical alteration of biochemicals, produce foreign molecules in situ. A number of consequences can result from such photochemical reactions: 1. Protein and lipid and polysaccharide components of membranes can be damaged, thus destroying the integrity of these structures. By reducing the activity of membrane bound enzymes involved in transport, light induced trauma could contribute to alterations in the internal milieu with serious consequences to viability of damaged cells.
‘Today I feel strong’: African American women overcoming HIV-related stigma

Objective: African American account for more than 60% of women living with HIV/AIDS in the United States. This population is disproportionately affected in areas of diagnosis, treatment, and morbidity. HIV-related stigma has been found to play a pivotal role in the experiences of African American women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) impacting self-perception, treatment adherence, depression, interpersonal relationships, and overall quality of life. Limited studies have explored the ways in which HIV-related stigma impacts the self-perceptions of African American WLWHA. To explore these experiences, this study examined the ways in which HIV-related stigma impacts the intrapersonal experiences of African American WLWHA.Design: A phenomenological investigation was conducted to explore the experiences of African American WLWHA.Main Outcome Measure: In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews.Results: Interpretive phenomenological analysis revealed four emergent themes: (1) increased vulnerability; (2) processing the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS; (3) surviving HIV/AIDS; and (4) quality of life.Conclusion: Findings of this study contribute to existing literature by highlighting the intricacies of the lived experiences of African American WLWHA from initial diagnosis to present day. Exploring the trajectory of the illness among this population allows for a deeper understanding of the ways in which HIV/AIDS impacts the intrapersonal experiences and self-perceptions of WLWHA.