cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional PET-CT in radiation oncology

Radiation oncology has evolved to the point at which it is ripe for the clinical introduction of routine four-dimensional (4D) PET-CT scanning. The initial use of 4D PET-CT will be for target definition, followed by the use of standardized uptake values (SUVs) for dose-painting. 4D PET-CT also has some potential applications in outcome prediction and dose-response studies.
Capsule Commentary on Clair et al., The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In this study, Clair et al. use a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe and quantify the association between smoking and a microvascular complication of diabetes—diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The odds of being a smoker were higher in patients who developed DPN.1 This was observed in prospective studies that adjusted for covariates (HbA1c etc.), that studied type 1 patients (n = 3854), and that had a follow-up period of ≥ 5 years. It was not seen among type 2 diabetics (n = 1317 patients) and with a follow-up period < 5 years. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for progression of microvascular complications in type 1 and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.2,3 It is thought to be a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).4 The relationship between smoking and other microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy) in type 2 DM is unclear. In fact, one of the largest prospective studies (n = 903 patients) concluded that smoking might offer “protection” against development and progression of retinopathy.5 A similar signal of “protection” could be inferred from this study’s analyses of type 2 DM patients, although it could also be argued that the analysis was underpowered. Prospective studies that are suitably powered are needed in type 2 diabetes patients. If this signal of “protection” is replicated, it certainly opens up avenues for investigating novel compounds for treating a costly complication. It also raises the question, “Does the natural history of microvascular complications differ between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?”. The association seen in type 1 patients, combined with its propensity to worsen insulin resistance in type 2 patients, should serve as some among the many reasons to encourage tobacco cessation in our diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to define risk factors and to understand the epidemiology of this debilitating condition. This study adds to the wealth of evidence suggesting smoking as a risk factor for the development of DPN in patients with type 1 diabetes and raises important questions about DPN in type 2 patients.
Assessing Student Learning Outcomes and Documenting Success through a Capstone Course

Colleges and universities are increasingly intentional about meeting well-articulated and consistent general education goals and documenting substantive learning outcomes. Institutional imperatives to document the successful teaching of essential knowledge and skill sets frequently fall to faculty and departments, posing new challenges in an environment of time and resource constraints. A capstone course is an increasingly common method to measure student learning and assess programmatic and institutional success. We provide concrete suggestions to design a capstone course and assess student learning outcomes. After describing the structure of the course and four innovative assignments, we present the results of assessment conducted through the capstone. We further the conversation on the development of best practices and how political science departments can align institutional and programmatic goals and lead the way in university assessment.
Ensuring convergence of the MMSE iteration for interference avoidance to the global optimum

Viswanath and Anantharam (1999) characterize the sum capacity of multiaccess vector channels. For a given number of users, received powers, spreading gain, and noise covariance matrix in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system, Viswanath and Anantharam present a combinatorial algorithm to generate a set of signature sequences that achieves the maximum sum capacity. These sets also minimize a performance measure called generalized total square correlation (TSC/sub g/). Ulukus and Yates (2001) propose an iterative algorithm suitable for distributed implementation: at each step, one signature sequence is replaced by its linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) filter. This algorithm results in a decrease of TSC/sub g/ at each step. The MMSE iteration has fixed points not only at the optimal configurations which attain the global minimum TSC/sub g/ but also at other configurations which are suboptimal. The authors of claim that simulations show that when starting with random sequences, the algorithm converges to optimum sets of sequences, but they give no formal proof. We show that the TSC/sub g/ function has no local minima, in the sense that given any suboptimal set of sequences, there exist arbitrarily close sets with lower TSC/sub g/. Therefore, only the optimal sets are stable fixed points of the MMSE iteration. We define a noisy version of the MMSE iteration as follows: after replacing all the signature sequences, one at a time, by their linear MMSE filter, we add a bounded random noise to all the sequences. Using our observation about the TSC/sub g/ function, we can prove that if we choose the bound on the noise adequately, making it decrease to zero, the noisy MMSE iteration converges to the set of optimal configurations with probability one for any initial set of sequences.
Quality Controlling Surf Zone Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Observations to Estimate the Turbulent Dissipation Rate

High-quality measurements of the turbulent dissipation rate are required to diagnose field surf-zone turbulence budgets. Quality control (QC) methods are presented for estimating surf zone with acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) data. Bad ADV velocity data points are diagnosed with both the ADV signal strength (SS) and correlation (CORR). The fraction of bad SS data points (dSS) depends inversely upon the wave-amplitude-normalized transducer distance below the mean sea surface. The fraction of bad CORR data points dCORR can be elevated when dSS is low. The dCORR depends inversely upon the wave-amplitudenormalized sensing volume distance below the mean sea surface, and also increases with increased wave breaking, consistent with turbulence- and bubble-induced Doppler noise. Velocity spectra derived from both ‘‘patched’’ and ‘‘interpolated’’ time series are used to estimate . Two QC tests, based upon the properties of a turbulent inertial subrange, are used to reject bad data runs. The first test checks that the vertical velocity spectrum’s power-law exponent is near 2 5 /3. The second test checks that a ratio R of horizontal and vertical velocity spectra is near 1. Over all dCORR, 70% of the patched and interpolated data runs pass these tests. However,for larger dCORR .0.1 (locationshigherin the watercolumn),50%more patchedthaninterpolated datarunspasstheQCtests.PreviousQCmethodsdesignedforwavestudiesarenotappropriateforQC.The resultssuggestthatcanbe consistentlyestimatedoverthelower 60%of thewater columnand .0.1 m above the bed within a saturated surf zone.
Detecting uniaxial single domain grains with a modified IRM technique

SUMMARY Mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) specimens have often been found to have high ratios of saturation remanence to saturation magnetization (Mrs/Ms). This has been attributed either to dominant cubic anisotropy or to insufficient saturating field leading to overestimation of Mrs/Ms of a dominantly uniaxial single domain (USD) assemblage. To resolve this debate, we develop an independent technique to detect USD assemblages. The experimental protocol involves subjecting the specimen to bidirectional impulse fields at each step. The experiment is similar to the conventional isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition experiment but the field is applied twice, in antiparallel directions. We define a new parameter, IRAT, as the ratio of the remanences at each field step and show it to have characteristic behaviour for the two assemblages; IRAT ∼1 at all field steps for USD and <1 with a strong field dependence for multi-axial single domain (MSD) grains. We verified the theoretical predictions experimentally with representative USD and MSD specimens. Experiments with MORBs gave low IRATs for specimens having high Mrs/Ms. This argues for a dominant MSD assemblage in the MORBs, possibly cubic in nature. Although undersaturation of the samples can indeed be a contributing factor to the exceptionally high Mrs/Ms, this study shows that the nature of the assemblage cannot be dominantly USD.
Algorithms for rapid outbreak detection: a research synthesis

The threat of bioterrorism has stimulated interest in enhancing public health surveillance to detect disease outbreaks more rapidly than is currently possible. To advance research on improving the timeliness of outbreak detection, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency sponsored the Bio-event Advanced Leading Indicator Recognition Technology (BioALIRT) project beginning in 2001. The purpose of this paper is to provide a synthesis of research on outbreak detection algorithms conducted by academic and industrial partners in the BioALIRT project. We first suggest a practical classification for outbreak detection algorithms that considers the types of information encountered in surveillance analysis. We then present a synthesis of our research according to this classification. The research conducted for this project has examined how to use spatial and other covariate information from disparate sources to improve the timeliness of outbreak detection. Our results suggest that use of spatial and other covariate information can improve outbreak detection performance. We also identified, however, methodological challenges that limited our ability to determine the benefit of using outbreak detection algorithms that operate on large volumes of data. Future research must address challenges such as forecasting expected values in high-dimensional data and generating spatial and multivariate test data sets. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Ca2+ oscillations in non-excitable cells

Oscillatory behavior in numerous biological systems has been recognized for many years. Some of the most striking examples are the oscillations in membrane potential seen in neuronal and cardiac cells , but similar oscillations are also seen in a number of secretory cells such as pancreatic l3-cells. Furthermore, it is now clear that in many instances these fluctuations in membrane potential are accompanied by oscillations in the concentration of intracellular free ionized calcium ([Ca2+]j) resulting from Ca2+ influx via voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. In contrast, Ca2+ responses in non-excitable cells are generated via very different mechanisms and, until recently, were not thought to oscillate . In response to a stimulus there is usually an initial increase in [Ca2+]j resulting from release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. [Ca2+]j then falls to a lower but still elevated level that can be sustained for many minutes provided that extracellular Ca2+ is present. One of the first demonstrations that Ca2+ oscillations can occur in non-excitable cells was a study by Cobbold and colleagues using hepatocytes injected with the Ca2+ -sensitive photoprotein aequorin ( 163) . In the same year Yada et al (166) showed, using Ca2+-selec­ tive microelectrodes, that [Ca2+]j oscillates in cultured epithelial cells. This raised the intriguing possibility that Ca2+ signals in non-excitable cells could be frequency, rather than simply amplitude , encoded as had been assumed up until then. With the advent of fluorescent probes for intracellular Ca2+ [in particular the ratiometric dye fura-2 (48)] and techniques for monitoring [Ca2+]j at the single-cell level, it is now apparent that fluctuations or
BDNF regulates atypical PKC at spinal synapses to initiate and maintain a centralized chronic pain state

Chronic pain is an important medical problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Mechanisms underlying the maintenance of chronic pain states are poorly understood but the elucidation of such mechanisms have the potential to reveal novel therapeutics capable of reversing a chronic pain state. We have recently shown that the maintenance of a chronic pain state is dependent on an atypical PKC, PKMζ, but the mechanisms involved in controlling PKMζ in chronic pain are completely unknown. Here we have tested the hypothesis that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates PKMζ, and possibly other aPKCs, to maintain a centralized chronic pain state. We first demonstrate that although other kinases play a role in the initiation of persistent nociceptive sensitization, they are not involved in the maintenance of this chronic pain state indicating that a ZIP-reversible process is responsible for the maintenance of persistent sensitization. We further show that BDNF plays a critical role in initiating and maintaining persistent nociceptive sensitization and that this occurs via a ZIP-reversible process. Moreover, at spinal synapses, BDNF controls PKMζ and PKCλ nascent synthesis via mTORC1 and BDNF enhances PKMζ phosphorylaton. Finally, we show that BDNF signaling to PKMζ and PKCλ is conserved across CNS synapses demonstrating molecular links between pain and memory mechanisms. Hence, BDNF is a key regulator of aPKC synthesis and phosphorylation and an essential mediator of the maintenance of a centralized chronic pain state. These findings point to BDNF regulation of aPKC as a potential therapeutic target for the permanent reversal of a chronic pain state.
A computer controlled 300 kV pulse generator

A high-voltage pulse generator (HVPG) used primarily for calibrating precision high-voltage dividers has been redesigned and rebuilt for state-of-the-art operation. It has the capability to run a divider calibration in much shorter time, compare the results with historical data for the divider, and then print a calibration certificate, all under computer control. Thirteen component instruments are controlled by way of three IEEE-448 buses. A voice synthesizer is used to inform the operator of the progress of the calibration. Measurement precision is in the 0.1% range. A heat exchanger is used to control the temperature of the oil bath to allow calibration of dividers between 13 degrees C (55 degrees F) and 21 degrees C (70 degrees F). Positive or negative pulse polarity may be selected, and pulse magnitude is adjustable from less than 10 kV to greater than 300 kV. >
DP-FAIR: A Simple Model for Understanding Optimal Multiprocessor Scheduling

We consider the problem of optimal real-time scheduling of periodic and sporadic tasks for identical multiprocessors. A number of recent papers have used the notions of fluid scheduling and deadline partitioning to guarantee optimality and improve performance. In this paper, we develop a unifying theory with the DP-FAIR scheduling policy and examine how it overcomes problems faced by greedy scheduling algorithms. We then present a simple DP-FAIR scheduling algorithm, DP-WRAP, which serves as a least common ancestor to many recent algorithms. We also show how to extend DP-FAIR to the scheduling of sporadic tasks with arbitrary deadlines.
Why we should develop a regulated system of kidney sales: a call for action!

The main argument in favor of a regulated system of payment to living kidney sellers is simple: Financial incentives will increase donation, so fewer of our wait-listed transplant candidates will die while waiting. Wait-list deaths are a relatively new and increasingly severe problem for patients with ESRD. As recently as the early 1980s, the average wait for a deceased donor (DD) kidney transplant was 5 yr. Despite decades of effort, there has been little increase in DD organ donation, and that increase has come from the use of expanded-criteria donor (ECD) kidneys (which are associated with decreased patient and graft survival rates and would have been rejected routinely 20 yr ago). In addition, Sheehy et al. (1) reported that even if every potential donor in the United States became an actual donor, there still would be a shortage of kidneys, yet the reality is that in countries such as Spain, which has maximized donation, only 75% of potentially available kidneys are recovered. Associated with the increasing waiting time is an increased rate of candidate death while waiting. In 2001, Ojo et al. (2) reported that 6.3% of wait-listed candidates died each year; by 2005, this rate had increased to >8% per year (3). If the average wait is >5 yr, then >40% of wait-listed candidates may die before undergoing a transplant. Remember, these were acceptable candidates when listed. Review of our data at the University of Minnesota showed that the average (±SE) age of candidates who died while waiting for a kidney was 53 ± 11 yr; 70% were waiting for a first transplant, and 70% had a panel-reactive antibody level of <10% (4). Other reasons abound for considering a regulated system of incentives for donation. First, un regulated systems that do not protect …
Development of a Spiritually-Sensitive Intervention for College Students Experiencing Spiritual Struggles: Winding Road

inding Road 2 is a psycho-educational intervention that targets spiritual struggles among undergraduates. It was designed to help students articulate and clarify their spiritual struggles and assist them in engaging or disengaging in their struggles more productively within a non-denominational framework. The overall goals of the Winding Road intervention are to articulate and normalize spiritual struggles, encourage appreciation of the diversity of struggles, define one’s own spiritual path, and broaden and deepen a spirituality that is flexible, integrated and differentiated. Students who have participated in this intervention exhibit many types of spiritual struggles, including difficulties, questions, and conflicts with the divine, with their life purpose or faith tradition, and with other people regarding matters of faith and religion. This intervention was recently piloted, and the pilot demonstrated promising results, both in terms of students’ adaptations to spiritual struggles and improved psychological well-being. This article provides an overview of the development of this intervention.
The Signs of Interpretation

Designed as a reflection on and extension of Tine K. Jensen's Peirce-based ‘The Interpretation of Signs of Child Sexual Abuse’, this article brings out features of the processes and structures of i...
Dynamics of Ion Beam Stimulated Surface Mass Transport to Nanopores

We explore the ion beam-induced dynamics of the formation of large features at the edges of nanopores in freestanding silicon nitride membranes. The shape and size of these inanovolcanoesi, together with the rate at which the nanopores open or close, are shown to be strongly influenced by sample temperature. Volcano formation and pore closing slow and stop at low temperatures and saturate at high temperatures. Nanopore volcano size and closing rates are dependent on initial pore size. We discuss both surface diffusion and viscous flow models in the context of these observed phenomena.
Buber as Hermeneut: Relations to Dilthey and Gadamer

In speaking about his objective in translating the tales of Nahman of Bratslav in July of 1906 Martin Buber said, “In general it is not my goal to gather new facts, but rather solely to give a new interpretation of their coherence, a new synthetic presentation of Jewish mystics and their creations.” Before his death, in responding to harsh criticism of his translations of the Hasidic tales, Buber referred to his work as an attempt “to convey to our own time the force of a former life of faith.” His task, as Gershom Scholem once pointed out in derision, was not primarily historical; it was not a process of fact gathering, but it was hermeneutical. He aimed to present a new interpretation of the Hasidic tales of the past which would render them relevant to the crisis of the contemporary reader.
Microwave Vacuum Drying in the Food Processing Industry

Heating and drying of food by microwaves is a well established technology, and it is well known, that the combined application of microwave energy and vacuum creates food products with properties comparable to freeze drying, e.g. in terms of instant properties, but in shorter time and thus, at lower costs. Developmental work was done at Battelle Ingenieurtechnik with the objective, to use this technology not only for the processing of pasty and liquid products, but also for bulk products and to establish it on an industrial scale. It resulted in a successful industrial application for the production of vegetables as ingredients for „instant“ soups and sauces, of crispy and crunchy fruits as ingredients for e.g. muesli, yoghurt etc. and entirely new products like e.g. fruit snacks, vegetable snacks or other kinds of snacks. The development was started after an extensive market analysis which revealed the demand for the products as mentioned above. The development includes simulations in order to maximize power density and, at the same time, to avoid plasma discharges in the vacuum cavity. A laboratory plant and, finally, a full scale unit was designed and constructed, which successfully went into operation. In the meantime, four more stations of the same size, including additional equipment like pre-dryer, post-dryer and some preparation components have been installed for the processing of vegetables, fruits and berries. This paper describes, how our microwave vacuum dryer had been developed and which results were obtained. A perspective on further development is given as well. Microwave Vacuum Drying in the Food Processing Industry 427
Linguistics and Legislative Intent

This Article counters one argument for disregarding legislative intent in the interpretation of statutes: the argument from public choice theory. As Kenneth Shepsle helpfully summarized this argument, “Congress is a ‘they,’ not an ‘it.’” That is, since many legislators make up Congress, and since their intents in voting on a particular proposal may vary widely, Congress has no unified “legislative intent.” Consequently, the notion of “legislative intent” is meaningless.Drawing upon new research in linguistics, this Article argues that identifying legislative intent is no harder than identifying individual intent — the practice used in the interpretation of contracts, wills, and other single-authored texts. Indeed, the very same public choice problems identified by Shepsle commonly exist in the interpretation of vague language generally. Therefore, from the perspective of public choice, legislative intent and individual intent must stand or fall together. Because we have powerful reasons for resorting to individual intent in the course of legal interpretation, the use of both intents must stand.
Abstract TMP118: Alk1 Deficiency Impairs Mural Cell Recruitment During Brain Angiogenesis

Background and Purpose: VEGF stimulation induced dysplasia vessel formation in the Alk1-deficient brain. The dysplastic vessels had less mural cell coverage associated with increased extravasation ...
Nonlinear Response of Virtual Excitations in Semiconductor Superlattices

There is currently a lot of interest in ultrafast modulation of optical properties of semiconductors by radiation in the transparency region.1,2 This has been stimulated by the development of ultrashort pulses, and the subsequent discovery of the Dynamical Stark Effect in semiconductor quantum wells.3 The Dynamical Stark Effect is a frequency shift of the absorption of a weak test beam in a sample illuminated by a strong pump beam with frequency below the exciton resonance. The changes in the absorption spectrum instantaneously follow the presence of the pump field. The pump field induces virtual transitions from valence to conduction states creating virtual electron-hole pairs. The time spent by electrons in the conduction band is inversely proportional to the degree of detuning of the pump frequency from the band gap. Electrons and holes are strongly correlated because of many-body effects. This results in vertex (excitonic) and self-energy (band-filling) effects. The effect of the short, strong pulse is to induce both changes in the occupation of valence and conduction states and macroscopic polarization. The presence of polarization is the main difference from the usual case of an electron-hole plasma in quasiequilibrium created by strong and long resonant pulses. In such situations the pump field enters only via changes in the density of carriers. The current investigations4–13 focused on the linear response of the semiconductor-pump-field system, measured via absorption of a weak test beam. Here we describe the nonlinear response of the semiconductor-pump-field system to the test field.
Feature frequency profiles for automatic sample identification using PySpark

When the identity of a next generation sequencing sample is lost, reads or assembled contigs are aligned to a database of known genomes and classified as the match with the most hits. However, any alignment based methods are very expensive when dealing with millions of reads and several thousand genomes with homologous sequences. Instead of relying on alignment, samples and references could be compared and classified by their feature frequency profiles (FFP), which is similar to the word frequency profile (n-gram) used to compare bodies of text. The FFP is also ideal in a metagenomics setting to reconstruct a mixed sample from a pool of reference profiles using a linear model or optimization techniques. To test the robustness of this method, an assortment of samples will be matched to complete references from NCBI Genome. Since a MapReduce framework is ideal for calculating feature frequencies in parallel, this method will be implemented using the PySpark API and run at scale on Wrangler, an XSEDE system designed for big data analytics.
Relational Tourism: Observations on Families and Travel

Experiences with travel and tourism can often be described as relational tourism because of the interpersonal and familial context in which these activities occur. There are two very general approaches to understanding relational tourism, one involving a life cycle orientation and the other focused on family interaction and transaction. Five elements of the relational tourism life cycle are described, beginning with formal organization opportunities and ending with over-the-horizon planning. Individual and family experiences are presented within each element. Then three primary ways of viewing family dynamics are presented, including social exchange, symbolic interaction, and family systems perspectives. The combination of these life cycle and family dynamics approaches provide a more informed method for understanding the quality of family life as it relates to relational tourism.
The Effect of Football and Basketball on Vision

(1940). The Effect of Football and Basketball on Vision. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 16-18.
Incorporation of the System Level Airworthiness Tool into Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering has proven to a critical tool for students and designers in organizing and understanding their design. It has kept the students from missing items in their design. The System Level Airworthiness Tool was developed as part of a sponsored program to evaluate airworthiness of small unmanned aircraft. The senior aircraft design students have used both tool for the past two years. The students viewed them a separate items which has resulted in critical omissions in their designs. Investigations were conducted to unite these two tool to better work for the student’s design efforts.
Cross-Resistance Patterns of Mutants Resistant to Streptomyces Phages

Strains of Streptomyces selected for resistance to one bacteriophage frequently became resistant to other bacteriophages. Twelve bacteriophages of different origin were arranged into allied groups ...
Trends of Research Published by Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (1993–2012) and Outlook for Future Research

In response to Ha-Brookshire and Hawley’s (2013) domain of clothing and textile-related (C&T) discipline through the sustainable global supply chain management perspective, we (a) reviewed the past research topics and contents and (b) assessed the gap between what has been done and what needs to be done, to offer new research opportunities within the global supply chain management perspective. Content analysis of 476 articles published by Clothing and Textile Research Journal from 1993 to 2012 shows that social/ psychological aspects of clothing dominated research topics. In comparison, there has been a lack of research on product development, design, sourcing, and production related topics that may help improve consumers’ economic gains, society, and environments. Research addressing global issues and creative problem solving within the C&T global supply chain were rare. The gaps in research topics within the global supply chain have been identified and specific future research questions are presented.
R/S Analysis on Fractal Mechanism of Shenzhen Stock Market

R/S analysis is used to estimate the fractal characteristics of six exchange stocks in the Shenzhen stock market.The stock parameters consist of start price,end price,maximal price and minimal price.The results show that there is only one stock price fractal dimension,and the short period indicates the gambling venture in the stock market.
The Cantorian Orthodoxy

I have already remarked upon Aristotle’s enormous influence on thinking about infinity. If I had to name one other figure whose influence on the field has been prodigious, it would be Georg Cantor, the mathematician who (along with Bernard Bolzano) founded set theory, founded the theory of transfinite numbers, and was perhaps history’s greatest champion for the actual infinite. Most of the standard doctrine now accepted among mathematicians and philosophers concerning infinity is taken straight from the pages of Cantor.
Wave Radiation By a Submerged Elliptical Disk

The radiation of small-amplitude waves by an oscillating, horizontally submerged disk of elliptic cross-section located at a finite depth beneath the free-surface is investigated analytically. The theoretical formulation leads to solutions for the fluid velocity potential in terms of a series of Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions of real argument. Numerical results are presented for the added-mass and radiation damping coefficients of the disk in the various oscillation modes for a range of wave and structural parameters.
A Fundamental Tradeoff Between Total and Brown Power Consumption in Geographically Dispersed Data Centers

This letter aims at deriving a fundamental tradeoff between the total and brown power consumption associated with geographical dispersed data centers, where utilizing more green energy mostly happens at the cost of increasing the total power consumption. To this end, we define a new service efficiency parameter for data centers in satisfying the QoS requirements based on the queuing analysis. More importantly, we propose the idea of modeling geo-dispersed data centers with an information flow graph to capture a total-brown power consumption tradeoff region. Accordingly, we characterize the achievable tradeoff between total and brown power consumption.
Ryanodine Receptor Channelopathies in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Abstract In striated muscle, intracellular Ca 2+ signaling is an intrinsic component of signal transduction pathways that regulate vital aspects of muscle function including excitability, force production, protein synthesis, and energy expenditure. As the gatekeepers of the sarcoplasmic reticulum intracellular Ca 2+ reservoir, ryanodine receptors (RyR) play a central role in many of these Ca 2+ -signaling pathways. Since the RYR gene was cloned and sequenced, several hundred mutations have been associated with human channelopathies in skeletal and cardiac muscle, with dozens of these established as direct causes of diseases such as malignant hyperthermia, central core disease and other congenital myopathies in skeletal muscle, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in cardiac muscle. This chapter reviews the RYR channelopathies both in terms of the clinical aspects of the diseases, including incidence, presentation, and diagnosis, and the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the mutation-associated changes in muscle function. Although RyR dysfunction is implicated in numerous acquired pathologies (eg, heart failure, atrial fibrillation), only diseases that are linked to mutations in the RYR genes are discussed.
Prospect theory and civil-military conflict: the case of the 1976 Korean axe murder incident

This article investigates the potential use of prospect theory to understand civil–military disputes over the use of force. Specifically, I argue that distinct realms of responsibility can lead civilian and military authorities to inhabit different frames of reference when confronting the same crisis. This divergence in perspective causes each to asses risk in fundamentally disparate ways and ultimately produces competing policy recommendations. To illustrate this theory, I analyze the case of the 1976 Korean tree cutting incident. During this crisis, American military authorities define the situation narrowly as pertaining to the Korean peninsula, whereas the civilian leadership viewed it as part of a global challenge to American resolve. As a result, each party weighed the risks of escalation differently and promoted conflicting policy prescriptions.
Exploring the Black Box: Inside the Development Sector in Kenya

This is an introduction to human resource management (HRM) process in the non-profit sector, specifically the development sector in Kenya. The chapter identifies the importance that HRM plays in its contribution to organisational performance and, in so doing, sets the stage for an exploration of HRM policy and practice among select international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Kenya. These organisations are situated within a sectoral culture, one that is shaped by historical practices and partnerships among stakeholders, characterised by resource dependency and impacted by social institutions within the country.
Jobs and Job Search in Developing Countries: Nice Work if You Can Get it!

This chapter lays out some fundamentals of the jobs “problem” in developing countries. It focuses first on dimensions of the “intermediation” or connecting-to-jobs problem – showing how poorly job search functions in developing countries, providing evidence that most job search is done through informal contacts, that is, “friends and family” and how this particularly disadvantages the poor. It looks further at the intermediation problem in developing countries by showing that part of the intermediation problem is “hidden” in those who are poorly employed, discouraged, have the wrong set of skills or feel they must migrate to work. It argues that the intermediation problem is only a component of a much larger jobs problem that includes too few good jobs and limited employment demand. Although “if it’s not one thing, it’s another” regarding what impacts the jobs problem, the chapter argues that getting job search to be more transparent, more efficient, and fairer in developing countries must be part of the policy solution to insuring labor markets work more effectively, particularly for the poor.
Bridging the gap from values to actions: a family systems framework for family-centered AAC services

AbstractDespite the growing recognition of the importance of family involvement in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention, little guidance exists on how professionals can establish successful collaborative relationships with families. In this paper, we discuss family systems theory and ecological systems theory as a framework to guide family-centered AAC practice, review family-focused research in AAC, consider how AAC may impact the family system, and provide examples of the clinical implications of using the proposed family systems framework to improve family-centered AAC practice.
Integrating plant ecological responses to climate extremes from individual to ecosystem levels.

Climate extremes will elicit responses from the individual to the ecosystem level. However, only recently have ecologists begun to synthetically assess responses to climate extremes across multiple...
Abstract IA02: Mcl-1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that is overexpressed and amplified in a wide variety of cancers and causes resistance to many chemotherapies. Although a very promising cancer target, it exerts its activity through protein-protein interactions and is very challenging to drug with small molecules. In this presentation, I will describe the discovery of picomolar Mcl-1 inhibitors using fragment-based methods and structure-based design that show promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of heme malignancies and solid tumors. Citation Format: Stephen W. Fesik. Mcl-1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Delvalle Lowry (1800–59): Apprentice and Author

As is the case of many women writers of science, more is known about the more famous members of Delvalle Lowry’s (1800–1859) family than about the author herself. But of all the women described in this volume, Lowry perhaps most nearly lived in a gender-equitable environment in terms of science, as both her parents were well-respected in their field and she received an education in science that was in some ways superior to that afforded most men of her time. This chapter includes what is believed to be the most complete biography of Lowry attempted to date.
A Hazardous Materials Educational Curriculum Improves Pediatric Emergency Department Staff Skills.

Objective Emergency department (ED) providers require competency in responding to hazardous materials (HAZMAT) events. The optimal strategies to teach HAZMAT response principles to ED providers and to ensure skill retention are not known. Our aim was to design, implement, and evaluate a multifaceted, interprofessional educational curriculum for pediatric ED staff to improve their skills, knowledge, and confidence in responding to a HAZMAT event. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, we created and assessed a 3-hour educational curriculum comprised of didactics, skills stations, a tabletop exercise, and a simulated multivictim disaster. Learning objectives included critical aspects of pediatric HAZMAT incident response with an emphasis on donning personal protective equipment (PPE). The primary outcome was the number of HAZMAT PPE donning steps correctly completed within 10 minutes at pre- and postcurriculum assessments measured using a 32-item checklist. Secondary outcomes included skill retention at 3 months, change in knowledge assessed using multiple-choice questions, and change in participant confidence. Results Eighty-one of 84 participants (96%) completed the entire curriculum. Compared to the precurriculum assessment, participants completed more donning steps correctly after the intervention (mean increase = 58%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 48%-70%). Relative to the baseline, more steps were also correctly completed at 3 months (mean increase = 49%, 95% CI = 38%-61%). Performance on multiple-choice knowledge questions and confidence in skills also significantly increased from the pre- to postcurriculum assessments. Conclusions A newly developed HAZMAT educational curriculum improved skills-based performance, knowledge, and confidence in PPE and decontamination skills. Brief, multifaceted educational interventions for ED staff can effectively develop sustainable skills needed for uncommon emergency events.
Electrodeposition of Antimony from Hydrated Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate-Urea Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

The electrochemical stability of antimony in a water stable room temperature ionic liquid composed of 1:5 mole ratio of hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate – urea ionic liquid at 30 °C was investigated at 0.3 M antimony (III) chloride solution. The electroplating of antimony at -0.8 V showed black coating on copper substrate. The stability of this cation in this ionic liquid was studied by cyclovoltammogram. The electrodeposition was followed up by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The nanoparticles size of the metal were in the range of less than 500nm.
THE MASS OF THE COMA CLUSTER OF GALAXIES

The mass of the Coma cluster of galaxies is estimated by comparing it to calculated N-bedy systems and applying the virial theorem. The mass estimated by comparison with systems with two mass components is 1.4 X 1015 9)'to. Key words: clusters of galaxies - galaxy cluster mass
Health Consequences of Positive and Negative Interracial Interactions at a Predominantly Caucasian Public University

Many studies have reported racial conflict, negative attitudes, and discriminatory behavior among ethnic groups on college campuses. This study examined the prevalence of both positive and negative interracial experiences and their impact on students' health. One hundred fifteen undergraduates (22 African Americans, 25 Asian Americans, 29 Caucasians, 17 Hispanic/Latino Americans, and 22 Bi–multiracial Americans; 46 males and 69 females) completed an Interracial Experiences Survey (IES) and measures of physical and mental health, perceived racial bias, ethnic identity, and just world belief. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that symptoms of psychological distress and mental health outcome were best predicted by perceived racial bias, male gender, and low belief in a just world. In contrast, improved general health and decreased somatic complaints were associated with positive interracial contact, female gender, lower perceived racial bias, higher just world beliefs, and higher ethnic identity. These analyses revealed that positive interracial experiences had specific effects on physical health outcome, whereas perceived racial bias, a measure of racial mistrust, was a strong predictor of all measures of physical and mental health.
Using E-mail Effectively

In this part of the book, you’ll learn to use Outlook, Office’s heavy-duty e-mail and organizer application.
Generating qualitatively different plans through metatheoretic biases

Current methods for generating qualitatively different plans are either based on simple randomization of planning decisions and so cannot guarantee meaningful differences among generated plans, or require extensive user involvement to drive the system into different sections of the overall plan space. This paper presents a cost-effective method for automatically generating qualitatively different plans that is rooted in the creation of biases that focus the planner toward solutions with certain attributes. Biases are derived from analysis of a domain metatheory and enforced through compilation into preferences over planning decisions. Users can optionally direct the planner into desired regions of the plan space by designating aspects of the metatheory that should be used for bias generation. Experimental results are provided that validate the effectiveness of the biasing method for reliably generating a range of plans with meaningful semantic differences.
On Measuring the Social Opportunity Cost of Labour

In this paper I attempt to examine in some detail the commonly held notion that the opportunity cost of labor is represented by the product that is forgone from other activities as a consequence of being labor for a given activity. The first variant of this notion that will be treated is the idea that in some poor countries the pool of labor in the agricultural sector is so abundant, and its marginal product so low (effectively zero, according to this idea) that other sectors can expand their demand for labor without entailing any significant loss in production elsewhere. The second variant to be considered is the idea, less restrictive than the first, that the product forgone in other sectors (in this case not necessarily zero or insignificant) is the appropriate measure of the social opportunity cost of labor. I shall argue that the data seem to contradict the idea that great masses of labor can be withdrawn from the agrarian sector without a palpable loss in product. I shall also contend that the use of forgone product as a measure of opportunity cost is an oversimplification which can lead an analyst to wrong conclusions in a number of different ways.
Replicative senescence in human uroepithelial cells.

Purpose Normal human uroepithelial cells (HUCs) proliferate rapidly in culture during early passage and then spontaneously undergo replicative senescence. We previously reported that the cyclin D1-CDK4/6 inhibitor, p16INK4a, is elevated at senescence in HUCs. Hence, we proposed that p16INK4a may play a critical role in mediating senescence in this cell type. In the current study, we further characterized the senescent state in HUCs. We also tested the possible roles of changes in other cell cycle proteins, including p53, p21WAFI, pRb, and cyclin D1 in HUC senescence.
Gallbladder carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia: Appropriate sampling for histopathology.

Abstract Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is an uncommon malignancy with an overall 5-year survival of
Madres Educando a Sus Niños: Integrating Culture into Intervention

This chapter describes the development of a culturally responsive interactive book-reading intervention called Madres Educando a Sus Ninos/Mothers Educating Their Children that is designed to promote the language development of preschool-aged Hispanic children who are dual language learners. Specifically, the chapter details a multi-step framework that was followed when developing the intervention that includes establishing the theoretical and empirical foundation, gathering input from key stakeholders who represent the population of intended participants, and iteratively developing the intervention materials. This discussion is followed by a summary of the effectiveness of the intervention and implications for how these steps can be used to develop different types of educational interventions for other culturally and linguistically diverse populations of various ages.
Constituting Agricultural and Food Security Policy in Malawi: Exploring the Factors that Have Driven Policy Processes in the Farm Inputs Subsidy Programme:

Political economy analyses of agricultural and food security policies in Malawi have emphasized the role played by domestic politics and, more specifically, the centralization of power in the execu...