cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Inpatient Nutrition Acuity in Designing Dietitian Staffing Patterns and Justifying Staffing Needs

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the process of using nutrition acuity in developing staffing pattern Dietitian staffing has been difficult to quantify and is usually based on total patient beds and/or average census per unit. Therefore, a method was developed for dietitian staffing utilizing nutrition acuity and time needed to provide inpatient nutrition care which may vary with patient populations. The daily staff time required for a patient care unit is derived from the time and nutrition acuity factors. The time needed to provide care is multiplied by the number of patients requiring medical nutrition therapy intervention for each acuity level. Nutrition acuity was defined by standard screening parameters. Patient intervention was based on standards of practice. Periodic data collection established an average daily staff time required for each patient care unit based on nutrition acuity. This information assists in designing staffing patterns to meet patient care needs with the changing hospital census and other responsibilities of staff. The data has justified existing staff needs, added 1 / 2 FTE to meet market demands for dietitians, and proposed another FTE.
Efficient conditional modeling for geotechnical uncertainty evaluation

A first-order Taylor series method including direct derivative coding (DDC) is presented as a computationally efficient method for producing the probability distribution associated with calculated geotechnical performance. The probability distribution is employed in reliability analyses to calculate the probability of failure, valuable information that is not typically associated with deterministic analyses. The probability distribution also is used to identify important input parameters and to direct sampling efforts. Another approach to generate the probability distribution is the Monte Carlo (MC) method, however, Taylor series results generally are calculated in less time than the MC approach. One key to the implementation of the Taylor series approach is efficient approximation of the sensitivities required by the Taylor series calculation. DDC provides the technique to produce an efficient Taylor series algorithm. Directly coding the sensitivity analysis into the engineering model is accomplished by automatic and hand programming of derivatives. ADIFOR 2.0 was employed to automatically add derivatives to an existing engineering analysis model. For this paper a meshing program and 3D FEM for soil deformation is used to demonstrate the DDC approach. Although DDC requires a large up-front programming effort, it is not site or data specific. Therefore, once the derivative programming has been performed, the numerical model can be applied to a wide variety of problems without additional user intervention. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of thermometrics thermistors for use at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract Two types of Thermometrics, Inc. thermistors have been evaluated at cryogenic temperatures by calibrating them against a type T thermocouple. They are both bare bead thermistors types BB25JE350R and BB25JE020M. The resistance of the thermistors was measured using a Hewlett-Packard 3467A Logging Multimeter which uses a constant current method of resistance measurement. Favorable results were obtained for the second type of thermistor down to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (−196°C) be decreasing the interrogation current of the multimeter. This decrease was necessary to minimize self-heating effects.
Development of the Florida Department of Transportation's percent within limits hot-mix asphalt specification

The Florida Department of Transportation adopted a percent within limits approach in July 2002 for the acceptance and payment of all hot-mix asphalt. Contractor test data, after being verified by the department, are used to calculate payment. Acceptance and payment for dense-graded Superpave® mixtures are based on the following five asphalt material properties: roadway density, percent air voids, asphalt binder content, percent passing the No. 8 sieve, and percent passing the No. 200 sieve. Acceptance and payment for open-graded friction course mixtures are based on the following four asphalt material properties: asphalt binder content, percent passing the 3/8-in. sieve, percent passing the No. 4 sieve, and percent passing the No. 8 sieve. Contractor test data from recently completed construction projects were used to develop representative standard deviations of the asphalt material properties used for payment and acceptance. These standard deviations were then used to develop tolerance values for the pe...
Correlating carotid artery stenosis detected by panoramic radiography with clinically relevant carotid artery stenosis determined by duplex ultrasound.

Abstract Objective. We sought to assess the utility of panoramic radiography as an adjunct screening tool for detecting significant asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. The specific aim was to correlate calcifications seen in the region of the carotid bifurcation with clinically relevant carotid artery stenosis as determined by duplex ultrasound (DUS). Study Design. Routine dental panoramic films of patients 55 and older (n = 778) at the University of Rochester Eastman Dental Center were retrospectively reviewed for calcifications around the carotid bifurcation. Patients with such calcifications were referred for DUS, and raw data were interpreted by a vascular surgeon blinded to the radiographic findings. Groups were compared by using the χ2 test. Results. Twenty-seven patients (3.5%) had suggestive radiographic calcifications on one or both sides, 20 of whom consented to DUS. Clinically significant carotid stenoses (>50% lumenal narrowing) were present in 50% of the sides with calcification compared with 21% of the sides without (P =.08, χ2). Three patients (15% of those screened with DUS) had stenoses greater than 80% and underwent 4 carotid endarterectomies as a direct result of screening. Conclusions. Data suggest that clinically significant stenosis may exist if calcifications are observed on panoramic radiographs. Incidental examination of this area carries a minimal cost and appears beneficial as a screening tool for carotid disease, although definitive testing must follow. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:768-73)
Regenerative action in high energy accelerators

Abstract It is shown that the regenerative method for the extraction of particles from an accelerator can be extended to include machines other than cyclotrons. This is accomplished by the use of modes of radial oscillations in which the regenerative action does not occur on every revolution of the particle about the machine. In particular, that mode of oscillation which allows regenerative action on every other turn is analyzed and shown to permit extraction from circular machines whose values of n n=− R H d H d r lie near 0.75. An extension of the analysis to machines with straight sections and strong focussing machines is included
Enhancing Performance And Reliability of Rule Management Platforms

RulE Management Platforms (REMPs) enable software engineers to represent programming logic as conditional sentences that relate statements of facts. A key benefit of REMPs is that they make software adaptable by burying the complexity of rule invocation in their engines, so that programmers can concentrate on business aspects of highly modular rules. Naturally, rule-driven applications are expected to have excellent performance, since REMP engines should be able to invoke highly modular rules in parallel in response to asserting different facts. In reality, it is very difficult to parallelize rule executions, since it leads to the loss of reliability and adaptability of rule-driven applications.We created a novel solution that is based on obtaining a rule execution model that is used at different layers of REMPs to enhance the performance of rule-driven applications while maintaining their reliability and adaptability. First, using this model, possible races are detected statically among rules, and we evaluate an implementation of our abstraction of algorithms for automatically preventing races among rules. Next, we use the sensitivity analysis to find better schedules among simultaneously executing rules to improve the overall performance of the application. We implemented our solution for JBoss Drools and we evaluated it on three applications. The results suggest that our solution is effective, since we achieved over 225% speedup on average.
Arterial grafting: techniques and conduits

The superior long-term patency and survival of the internal thoracic artery in coronary artery bypass grafting, compared with saphenous vein, established the internal thoracic artery as the conduit of choice for myocardial revascularization. Use of the internal thoracic artery has expanded, and the possibility of similar performance by other arteries has motivated surgeons to investigate alternative arterial conduits (eg, the gastroepiploic artery, inferior epigastric artery, and radial artery). Although these grafts have become more technically feasible and have shown benefits, more follow-up data are needed to determine the long-term patency, freedom from arteriosclerosis, and efficacy of alternative conduits.
Compliant Mesoscale Grinding of 3-Dimensional Free Form Shapes in Silicon Wafers

This paper presents a new approach to create three-dimensional free form shapes in silicon wafers by compliant grinding. Instead of requiring high rigidity in traditional ultra-precision grinding systems, the proposed compliant grinding method requires relatively low rigidity. It achieves the required surface roughness, form accuracy and surface integrity by utilizing grinding force feedback and adaptive control. Compliant grinding mitigates microfractures, chipping, and defect formation in the silicon substrate, so that both electronic and mechanical properties of the Si are not degraded. A prototype silicon die grinder has been built and initial rough grinding results are promising.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Prompt protein glycosylation during acute heat stress.

Abstract Constitutive patterns of protein synthesis and protein glycosylation are severely disrupted by acute heat stress. Stressed cells respond by preferential synthesis of specific proteins, e.g., the well-known family of heat shock proteins. We observed another response that rapidly occurs during heating periods as short as 10 min at 45°C. During that period, CHO cells began to glycosylate specific proteins, designated as "prompt" stress glycoproteins (P-SG), while constitutive protein glycosylation ceased. Labeling of P-SGs showed a dose response with time and with temperature and appeared regardless of the label used (D-[ 3 H]mannose or D-[ 3 H]-glucose). On SDS-PAGE, the major P-SG was characterized by M r ≈ 67 kDa (P-SG67) and p I = 5.1. Other less prominent P-SGs appeared at M r 160, 100, 64, 60, and 47 kDa; incorporated label showed little turnover during 24 h at 37°C. Prompt glycosylation was inhibited by tunicamycin, and label incorporated into P-SGs was sensitive to N -glycosidase F, but not to O -glycosidase. Analysis of enzymatically digested P-SG67 indicated that label had been incorporated into both high-mannose (Man 9 G1cNAc) and complex-type oligosaccharides. Brefeldin A did not eliminate P-SG67 labeling, but caused the further appearance of novel, Brefeldin-associated P-SGs. Labeling of P-SG67 oligosaccharides occurred without significant concomitant protein synthesis, suggesting that addition of labeled oligosaccharides largely occurred on mature, rather than nascent proteins. The functional significance of prompt glycosylation remains to be defined, but we propose that this novel phenomenon is an integral part of the cellular heat stress response.
Advances in phototackification

A direct single-layer negative-working phototackification system with application to 4-color half-tone proofing has been invented. It makes use of chemical amplification and is based on photo-induced microphase separation in an initially non-tacky miscible blend of acid-labile and tacky polymers. Factors which influence tack generation are discussed. The system has been sensitized both in the UV for conventional analog proofing and in the near-IR for digital proofing.
Effect of Cyantraniliprole, a Novel Insecticide, on the Inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing by the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae).

The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is the principal vector of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious citrus disease worldwide. New control measures including pesticides are urgently needed to combat HLB, especially to protect young or newly planted citrus trees from CLas-inoculation by vector psyllids. Here, we tested CLas-inoculation by D. citri adults (CLas-exposed, reared on infected plants) by feeding them for 7 d on excised healthy citrus leaves with dry residues of cyantraniliprole (Exirel), a novel insecticide, in comparison with fenpropathrin (Danitol 2.4EC), an insecticide commonly used against D. citri. Fewer adults settled (putatively feeding or probing) on leaves treated with cyantraniliprole than those treated with fenpropathrin or water controls. Also, psyllid adults died at a slower rate on leaves treated with cyantraniliprole than those treated with fenpropathrin, although the final cumulative mortality did not differ between the two treatments. In quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction tests, 59.0-65.3% of the CLas-exposed psyllid adults were proven to be CLas-positive. Inoculation rates of CLas (using 10 adults per leaf) into untreated healthy citrus leaves (47.5-85%) were significantly higher than rates into leaves treated with cyantraniliprole or fenpropathrin (2.5-12.5%). Reduced inoculation rates to leaves treated with cyantraniliprole probably occurred as a result of reduced feeding or probing by D. citri. The excised leaf assay method, which took only a few weeks compared with up to a year or longer using whole plants, can be an effective tool for testing the effect of new pesticides or other treatments in reducing CLas inoculation or transmission by psyllid vectors.
Urban-rural Differences in Employer-based Health Insurance Coverage of Workers

Prior research indicates that rural workers are less likely than urban workers to obtain health insurance coverage through their employer. The reasons for this differential in coverage rates are no...
Analyzing the Homeland Security of the U.S.‐Mexico Border

We develop a mathematical optimization model at the intersection of homeland security and immigration, that chooses various immigration enforcement decision variables to minimize the probability that a terrorist can successfully enter the United States across the U.S.-Mexico border. Included are a discrete choice model for the probability that a potential alien crosser will attempt to cross the U.S.-Mexico border in terms of the likelihood of success and the U.S. wage for illegal workers, a spatial model that calculates the apprehension probability as a function of the number of crossers, the number of border patrol agents, and the amount of surveillance technology on the border, a queueing model that determines the probability that an apprehended alien will be detained and removed as a function of the number of detention beds, and an equilibrium model for the illegal wage that balances the supply and demand for work and incorporates the impact of worksite enforcement. Our main result is that detention beds are the current system bottleneck (even after the large reduction in detention residence times recently achieved by expedited removal), and increases in border patrol staffing or surveillance technology would not provide any improvements without a large increase in detention capacity. Our model also predicts that surveillance technology is more cost effective than border patrol agents, which in turn are more cost effective than worksite inspectors, but these results are not robust due to the difficulty of predicting human behavior from existing data. Overall, the probability that a terrorist can successfully enter the United States is very high, and it would be extremely costly and difficult to significantly reduce it. We also investigate the alternative objective function of minimizing the flow of illegal aliens across the U.S.-Mexico border, and obtain qualitatively similar results.
Developing climate change impact metrics for agriculture

We propose a framework for the analysis of the benefits of climate change policies on the agricultural sector, identifying biophysical factors, agricultural system characteristics, socio-economic data, and climate policy as key categories for analysis, and relating them to vulnerability criteria of agricultural systems in terms of their exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and synergy with mitigation strategies under climate change. Based on such a framework, a set of metrics is developed, comprised of variables that can be easily extracted from current impact assessment models and used to obtain consistent and comparable information on climate change impacts and benefits, in both monetary and non-monetary terms. Specifically, this work focuses on development of metrics for regional, national, and global scales, characterizing the short-term (20-30 years) and long-term (80-100 years) impacts of climate change on agriculture. The metrics, which include crop yield and variability, water stress indicators, production and land value, as well as a nutrition index for the number of people at risk of hunger, can help to identify risk thresholds and to evaluate policies related to adaptation. Finally, a number of improvements needed within current agronomic and economic models to address key uncertainties in assessing benefits of climate policies are discussed, with attention to the representation of the effects of climate extremes (heat waves, droughts, and floods), pest and disease interactions, and elevated CO2 on crops.
Estimation of a Length Scale to Use with the Quench Level Approximation for Obtaining Chemical Abundances

The “quench level” approximation for estimating the observed abundance of chemically reacting species in the presence of convective dynamics states that the chemical reaction is quenched at the level where the time scales for the chemical reaction,tchem, and for convective dynamics,tdyn, are equal. The dynamical time constant,tdyn, can be computed usingtdyn=L2/Keddy, whereLis a length scale andKeddyis the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient. UsuallyKeddyis left as a free parameter, and lacking any better information,Lis taken to be the pressure scale height,H. Here it is shown that an effective length scaleLeff, can be estimated from thee-folding length scales oftchemandtdynand the pressure dependence of the equilibrium value of the chemical abundance. The improved accuracy of usingL=Leffinstead ofL=His demonstrated by comparing the results of three different mathematical “models” for convective dynamics. The three models are the quench level approximation, a second computation that uses diffusive mixing to describe convection, and a third computation that explicitly integrates the equations of motion and chemical equilibration. Each of the three models uses a different fundamental quantity in describing the strength or efficiency of mixing that depends on the length scaleLin a different way. WhenL=His used, the three models give three different results, but whenL=Leffis used, results from the three models are virtually identical. The effective length scale,Leff, is different for different chemical reactions and can be far from a scale height. As an example, for the isotropic enrichment of (D/H) in CH4over (D/H) in H2, the effective length scale isLeff= 0.14Hat a typical value ofKeddy= 108cm2sec−1. UsingL= 0.14Hleads to an enrichment factor of 1.17 on Jupiter compared to 1.21 whenL=His used.
Development and cross-validation of a short form impairment index.

Abstract The Brain Age Quotient (BAQ) is an actuarial combination of four HalsteadReitan neuropsychology test battery scores (Category errors. Tactual Performance Test— Total Time, Tactual Performance Test—Location Score and Trails-B Score) and two performance subtests for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Block Design and Digit Symbol). The present studies investigated the value of a short form of the BAQ, the Short Form Impairment Index (SFII), composed of the Trails-B Score and two subtests of the Wechsler and also twice cross-validated the short form. Statistical analysis yielded a Pearson r = .90, for both the initial study and each of the cross-validations. Further research and clinical considerations are discussed.
Intermediates in the Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arylgermanes

The use of a new electron-withdrawing germane, H2Ge[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]2 (3), has facilitated the isolation and characterization of three new complexes implicated in the dehydrogenative coupling of bisarylgermanes by Pt0-phos-phane complexes. The intermediates include a digermyl species, trans-[(Et3P)2Pt{GeH(Ar)2}2] (7), a bound digermane showing the first stage of Ge-Ge catenation, cis-[(Et3P)2Pt(H){Ge(Ar)2-GeH(Ar)2}] (8), and the Ge-H activated form of this product, [(Et3P)2HPtGe(Ar)2-Ge(Ar)2PtH(PEt3)2] (6). Complexes such as 6 and 8 have not previously been isolated as intermediates in dehydrogenative coupling reactions. An X-ray crystal structure was determined for complex 6, confirming the cis geometry of the hydrogen and germanium ligands; this provides yet another example of the stability of germyl hydrides towards reductive elimination. A similar cis geometry was observed for complex 8. Performing the dehydrogenative coupling reaction under a CO2 atmosphere failed to yield any products containing trapped germylene species.
Computer-aided analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits using frequency-domain nonlinear analysis techniques: The state of the art

Frequency-domain nonlinear analysis techniques for the simulation of active microwave circuits solve the linear and nonlinear network equations entirely in the frequency-domain. by so doing, they avoid the aliasing problems inherent in piecewise harmonic balance approaches. Consequently, frequency-domain techniques have extremely wide dynamic range and easily accommodate high order multitone excitation. However, this is at the expense of requiring more restrictive nonlinear device models. There are a large number of frequency-domain nonlinear analysis techniques but all are based on functional expansions which enable the frequency components of the output spectrum to be calculated directly from the input spectrum. These techniques have been used to analyze many nonlinear circuits and are the only candidates for the hierarchical simulation of nonlinear microwave circuits. This paper first uses frequency-domain concepts to discuss nonlinear distortion phenomena, then, a review of the frequency-domain nonlinear analysis literature is made with the aim of presenting the major advances in these techniques.
The tachycardia associated with the defense reaction involves activation of both GABAA and GABAB receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii.

In urethane-anesthetized rats, the tachycardia associated with the defense reaction can be elicited by unilateral microinjections of the GABAA-antagonist, bicuculline methyliodide (BMI, 20 pmol), into the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of the hypothalamus. This effect is thought to be mediated via a pathway that activates GABAergic interneurons in the medullary nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) which, in turn, inhibit vagal outflow to the heart. Ipsilateral intra-NTS microinjection of BMI (10 pmol) or the GABAB-antagonist, 2-OH-saclofen (400 pmol), attenuated the tachycardia elicited from the DMN. The tachycardia was also inhibited by intra-NTS administration of the NMDA-receptor channel blocker, MK-801 (30 pmol), or the non-NMDA antagonist, CNQX (400 pmol). These findings are interpreted to indicate that a) GABAergic control of heart rate at the level of the NTS is mediated by both GABAA and GABAB receptors, and b) descending input from the DMN to the NTS releases GABA via plutamate acting on ionotropic glutama...
Array codes for erasure correction in magnetic recording channels

A type of quasi-cyclic binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on array codes, which have low encoding complexity and good performance, are considered for use in magnetic recording channels. Their error correction capability, for both electronic and media noise, and more importantly, for erasures, is investigated using simulations. Compared with random binary and q-ary LDPC codes, these codes offer a good tradeoff between performance and complexity.
Looking to the future: Welfare-reliant women talk about their job aspirations in the context of welfare reform

We examine the job aspirations of 80 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients in Cleveland and Philadelphia by drawing on data from in-depth, qualitative interviews conducted in 1997–98, well after the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was implemented but before time limits were reached. We show that these recipients view the work mandates they face as legitimate and express optimism regarding future work and earnings prospects. They also desire more education. Although their earnings expectations are high, respondents' occupational goals are relatively low, even among those with the most human capital. Furthermore, mothers say their vocational expectations reflect the urgency they feel about finding a job. We suggest that providing cash assistance while TANF recipients increase their human capital is critical for meeting the self-sufficiency goals of welfare reform.
Holocene glaciation of Alaska (and Adjoining YUKON Territory, Canada)

Abstract Holocene glacial fluctuations between Arctic, central interior, and southern maritime Alaska are broadly synchronous. This synchrony is evident from a review of work in 11 study areas with varying numbers of glaciers (3–100), glacier types (subpolar cirque, temperate valley, tidewater, surging), and dating methodologies. The pattern is temporally and spatially consistent with vegetation data, and generally with climatic deteriorations culminating in the Little Ice Age. Early Holocene glacial advances are confirmed for 7.6-5.8 lichen ka BP at 4 of 97 glaciers in the Brooks Range; advances also occurred by 5.85 and 5.7 ka BP at separate glacier tongues in the northern Alaska Range, at least by 6-5 ka BP in Lituya Bay, and possibly also in the Malaspina and Aleutian Islands areas. A sharp increase in glacier activity began by 4.4 ka BP in the Arctic and Glacier Bay areas, and by about 3 ka BP major glacier advances probably were initiated or well underway throughout Alaska. During Holocene glacial maxima, ice filled Glacier and Lituya Bays as well as fjords of Prince William Sound, and massive moraines buried forests in the northeastern St. Elias Mountains area. Minor recession is recorded directly or implied in most of Alaska about 2 ka BP or locally through the following millennium. Subsequently, distinct but locally weak advances occurred by about 1.2 ka BP in most areas, again followed by intervals of glacier recession. Most pervasive and ubiquitous were the Little Ice Age advances initiated about 700 BP. These generally culminated in two major advances between about 400 and 50 BP. In the Arctic, those of A.D. 1600 dominated those of the late 1800s; in the Gulf of Alaska, those of the middle 1700s or late 1800s dominated. Large scale, asynchronous advances and retreats of calving tidewater glaciers have been recorded during the twentieth century but most such movements are only indirectly related to climate.
Summary of clinical trials with zafirlukast.

Zafirlukast is an orally active and selective cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) receptor antagonist. In humans, zafirlukast antagonized the effects of exogenously administered LTD4 and cysLTs released endogenously in response to physical and chemical stimuli. Zafirlukast antagonized LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction, with effects still evident 12 h after drug administration. In clinical models of asthma, zafirlukast inhibited bronchospasm after allergen or exercise challenge in patients with asthma. In multicenter trials in patients with chronic, stable asthma, zafirlukast reduced asthma symptoms, decreased as-needed β -agonist use, and improved pulmonary function without increasing the number of adverse events. Zafirlukast also exhibited evidence of an anti-inflammatory effect in the lung in preliminary studies involving segmental antigen challenge. The results from these clinical trials demonstrate that zafirlukast is effective and safe for the prophylactic treatment of asthma. Calhoun WJ. Summary of clinica...
The Baby Trains: Catholic Foster Care and Western Migration, 1873–1929

The baby trains were the hallmark of a Catholic placing-out program begun in the 1870s by the Foundling Asylum of the Sisters of Charity, later known as the New York Foundling Hospital. The program extended and modified the Protestant orphan train movement by sending abandoned youngsters to live among pious Catholic settlements along the western frontier of the United States. At once ingenious and fraught with risks, the baby trains reflected the Foundling's multifaceted mission to rescue homeless children while bolstering Catholic culture—in the form of beliefs, values, and practices—against the persistent threat of proselytizing, Protestant charities. The face of this movement in recent scholarship has been the Children's Aid Society; the Foundling has been treated as an offshoot rather than an innovator in its own right. This essay examines both the logistics of the baby train program and its significant influence in modernizing the placing-out movement. This research tests historiographical assumptions about the dynamics of Catholic culture after the Civil War, the importance of religious institutions for enabling ethnic persistence within frontier enclaves, the role of child welfare work in perpetuating religious culture, and the work of women in reproducing that culture in future generations. The baby trains are an important chapter in the fortification of sectarian Catholicism in the mid-nineteenth century, as well as the history of faith-based, social welfare in America.
Cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis.

Cytokinins have been implicated in many developmental processes and environmental responses of plants, including leaf senescence, apical dominance, chloroplast development, anthocyanin production, and the regulation of cell division and sink/source relationships. They were identified in the
Improved photoluminescence efficiency of patterned quantum dots incorporating a dots-in-the-well structure

InAs quantum dots embedded in InGaAs quantum well (DWELL: dots-in-the-well) structures grown on nanopatterned GaAs pyramids and planar GaAs(001) surface are comparatively investigated. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements demonstrate that the DWELL structure grown on the GaAs pyramids exhibits a broad quantum well PL band (full width at half-maximum ~ 90?meV) and a higher quantum dot emission efficiency than the DWELL structure grown on the planar GaAs(001) substrate. These properties are attributed to the InGaAs quantum well with distributed thickness profile on the faceted GaAs pyramids, which introduces a tapered energy band structure and enhances carrier capture into the quantum dots.
PULSE EVALUATION AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF 4H-SiC SGTO MODULES

Army applications require power components that are utilized in pulsed power systems to be reliable and durable, compact, have high power and energy density, and lastly, to be easily integrated into combat vehicles. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently investigating silicon carbide Super-gate turn-off thyristors (SiC SGTOs) to meet the future pulsed power system requirements for the Army. ARL's methodology is to evaluate the device performance in pulsed power circuits that emulate the electrical stresses that the power devices would encounter in a pulsed power system. Each module being evaluated utilized four 0.6 cm2SiC SGTOs. The packaging design for the module utilizes ThinPak technology. The module has reliably been pulsed over 2000 times at peak currents greater than 8 kA with a pulse width of 170 μs. The module has also been pulsed greater than 3.6 kA at a pulse width of 1 ms, corresponding to an action rate of 7000 A2s and a current density of 2.5 kA/cm2 over the cathode mesa area. This work evaluates SiC SGTO modules under various pulsed conditions. This paper includes details on device structure, module package design, and module pulsed switching and reliability.
Predicting Academic Success of Students in a Master of Business Administration Program

The results of a study to correlate graduate school of business entrance criteria with success in a Master of Business Administration program (as measured by graduate GPA) are reported. Two groups of graduate students (n = 50 for each group) were randomly selected from a pool of 203 recent graduates. One group had taken the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT); the second group, the Miller Analogies Test (MAT). Ten predictor variables were used in bivariate and stepwise multiple regression analyses. The 10 variables were number of semesters in the program, undergraduate GPA, age, ethnic background, sex, marital status, GMAT score, MAT score, number of years since undergraduate degree completion, and the type of undergraduate degree earned (BS vs. BA). Results revealed a strong correlation between the GMAT score and graduate GPA, especially when combined with undergraduate GPA. The relationship between MAT score and graduate GPA was significant, but not as strong as that between GMAT and graduate GPA...
"CROSS-GRAINING:" EFFICIENT MULTI-SCALE SIMULATION VIA MARKOV STATE MODELS

Accurate and efficient methods to simulate biomolecular systems at multiple levels of detail simultaneously are an ongoing challenge for the simulation community. Here we present a new method for multi-scale simulation where a complex system can be partitioned into two loosely-coupled sub-systems, one coarse-grained and one atomistic. If the coupling between the coarse-grained and atomistic systems can be encoded into discrete states that interconvert slowly, we can construct a Markov state model where we approximate any given transition P[(si,tj)->(sk,tl)] in the joint space of the coarse-grained and atomistic systems as the product of two orthogonal transitions P(si->sk | tj) and P(tj->tl | sj). We provide a formalism for constructing such models and describe how they may be applied to multi-scale simulation of membrane proteins. This “cross-graining” methodology may provide a general means to efficiently simulate mixed-scale systems.
An Underwater Communication System

Communications between submerged submarines and surface craft require energy to be propagated through sea water. The only practical method for transmitting this energy is by acoustic means. Both FM and AM transmission systems have been used, but for long-range communication, a single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission system is the only effective way of propagating sound energy. The requirements for the transmission system and diagrams of the circuitry are given.
Shooting Your Brand in the Foot: What Citizens United Invites

Part of what makes corporate political spending so fraught is the how valuable brand identity is to the average firm, the heterogeneous political views of customers and shareholders, as well as the increasing political polarization of the many segments of the America public. This means that corporate political spending which associates a brand with one political party is likely to alienate customers or shareholders who feel strongly affiliated with the opposite political party. American consumers have a long tradition of boycotting goods or services for political reasons and American shareholders have a history of divesting to make a political point. Thus there is a nontrivial risk that customers and investors will vote with their dollars when they discover corporate political activity. Furthermore, the ability to boycott or divest has been given a technological boost with the advent of multiple smartphone applications that provide end-users with instantaneous data about the politics behind mass marketed brands. This technology empowers a consumer to buy goods that are more closely aligned with the consumer’s political views and for investors to do the same with stocks. Finally this piece explores how consumer groups and investors have both coordinated efforts to pressure firms to leave the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). This type of orchestrated one-two punch could be the wave of the future for politically active firms.
Facial Pain Update: Advances in Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Facial Pain.

Craniofacial pain, including trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal neuropathic pain, and persistent idiopathic facial pain, is difficult to treat and can have severe implications for suffering in patients afflicted with these conditions. In recent years, clinicians have moved beyond treating solely with pharmacological therapies, which are generally not very effective, and focused on new interventional pain procedures. These procedures have evolved as technology has advanced, and thus far, early results have demonstrated efficacy in small patient cohorts with a variety of craniofacial pain states. Some of the most promising interventional pain procedures include peripheral nerve field stimulation, high-frequency spinal cord stimulation, sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. This review focuses on a better understanding of craniofacial pain and emerging interventional pain therapies. With the advent of newer miniature wireless devices and less invasive implantation techniques, this should allow for more widespread use of neurostimulation as a therapeutic modality for treating craniofacial pain. Larger studies should assist in best practice strategies vis-a-vis traditional pharmacological therapies and emerging interventional pain techniques.
Culture Class Versus Culture Clash

Future user interface developers will need to recognize and account for cultural differences in Web- and mobile- oriented products and services. Fortunately, more documents, theories, and tools are on the way.
Ixodes (Ixodiopsis) woodi (Acari: Ixodidae): Description of the Larva and Redescription of the Nymph

The nymph of Ixodes woodi Bishopp is redescribed and the larva is described for the first time. Data on species relationships, hosts, and distribution are also presented.
Pharmacy-coordinated process for evaluating physician drug prescribing.

A pharmacy-coordinated process is described in which the frequency and types of inappropriate drug prescribing are evaluated as part of the medical staff quality assurance and physician credentialing program. A pharmacist intervention program was implemented at an 838-bed private hospital to review all medication orders for appropriateness and to intervene with physicians and nurses when problems in drug prescribing or administration were identified. During a five-year period there were more than 6500 drug therapy interventions. Because of the recurrent problems identified, the medical staff asked the pharmacy department to develop a process for objectively evaluating the quality of prescribing practices that could be used in the medical staff quality assurance program and in physician credentialing. The drug-prescribing activities of physicians applying for clinical privileges are subjected to a "macro" review by using a computerized clinical financial information system to extract drug-use information from patients' bills. In a "micro" review, patient records are retrospectively analyzed by Pharm.D. clinical specialists; all medications prescribed by the physician for those patients being evaluated are scrutinized. Appropriate response scores are calculated by dividing the number of appropriate responses by the total responses. The pharmacy department in this hospital has assumed a more active role in patient care through its participation in a process for objectively evaluating the quality of prescribing practices.
Observation and Modeling of Cone Cracks in Ceramics

Ceramics undergo a complex failure process when subjected to impact by a projectile. Projectile impacts on thick ceramic targets produce varying levels of comminution, cone cracking, and radial cracking. Sphere impacts result in limited penetration and comminution relative to projectiles with a longer aspect ratio, yet significant radial and cone cracking is produced, and it is similar to Hertzian indentation. Sphere impact is a good way to study ceramics and a good validation problem to study the ability of hydrocodes to predict the formation and extent of radial and cone fractures in ceramic materials. Experimental results from normal and oblique sphere impacts on hot-pressed boron carbide cylinders are reported. Oblique sphere impacts created curved cone cracks, which did not appear oriented perpendicular to the impact surface. Cone angles appear to be the same for normal and oblique impacts for the impact conditions tested. Hydrocode predictions captured some but not all of the experimentally observed features.
Fetal Rhabdomyomatous Nephroblastoma

A case of fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma is reported. The neoplasm distended the renal pelvis, resembling a sarcoma botryoides. The patient died postoperatively of pneumonia and an autopsy showed no residual neoplasm.
Learning classical physics

A computational model of learning in a complex domain is being developed. This model supports knowledge-based acquisition of problem-solving concepts from observed examples, in the domain of classical physics. The current implementation of the model learns about momentum conservation, in a psychologically plausible fashion, from a background knowledge of Newton’s laws and the calculus. Using its physical and mathematical knowledge, the system determines why the human-provided solution to a specific problem suffices to solve the problem, and then extends the solution technique to more general situations.
Teaching foundational perspective-taking skills to children with autism using the PEAK-T curriculum: single-reversal "I-You" deictic frames

We taught basic perspective-taking tasks to 3 children with autism and evaluated their ability to derive mutually entailed single-reversal deictic relations of those newly established perspective-taking skills. Furthermore, we examined the possibility of transfers of perspective-taking function to novel untrained stimuli. The methods were taken from the PEAK-T training curriculum, and results yielded positive gains for all 3 children to learn basic perspective taking as well as for 2 of the 3 to derive untrained single-reversal I relations following direct training of single-reversal You relations. All participants demonstrated a transfer of stimulus function to untrained stimuli after the single-reversal deictic relations had been mastered.
Systems Science and the Supreme Court

Until now, the controversy surrounding Supreme Court nominee, Merrick Garland, has been analyzed from traditional legal perspectives like history, constitutional philosophy, and political theory. So viewed, the appointment crisis is simply a problem of general jurisprudence, which relies upon the humanities and “soft” sciences to understand and explain law’s concepts and conundrums. But this problem-solving approach itself is problematic. Because legal institutions like the Supreme Court are complex social systems, they are susceptible to deeper scientific explanation. In fact, two of “hard” science’s most exciting discoveries — complex systems theory and coordination dynamics — seem to offer insights not accessible through rational analysis or rhetorical argumentation. This brief essay highlights these scientific breakthroughs, explains their key features, and reveals their significance for the law, the Supreme Court, and the Court’s appointment process.
Usefulness of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Predict Mortality in Defibrillator Recipients

The CHA2DS2-VASC score is a well-validated stratification tool that predicts the risk of thromboembolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Several studies have examined its application as a predictor of mortality in clinical applications other than atrial fibrillation. However, there are current no studies examining its use as an outcome prediction tool in a population of patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs). In this study, we examined data from 2,258 patients who underwent ICD device implantation at the hospitals of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from February 2002 to April 2014 (median follow-up 5.1 years) and examined the impact of their CHA2DS2-VASC score at the time of device implantation on all-cause mortality. Survival curves based on CHA2DS2-VASC scores were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were adjusted for unbalanced covariates using the Cox proportional hazards model. The mean CHA2DS2-VASC score was 3.15 ± 1.52 (range 1 to 8, mode 3). The CHA2DS2-VASC score predicted all-cause mortality in a significant and dose-dependent fashion. Analyzing the population by quartiles revealed increasing all-cause mortality from Q1 to Q4 (p
Reprogramming Enhancers to Drive Metastasis

Acquired molecular changes can promote the spreading of primary tumor cells to distant tissues. In this issue of Cell, Roe et al. show that metastatic progression of pancreatic cancer involves large-scale enhancer reprogramming by Foxa1, which activates transcriptional program specifying early endodermal stem cells.
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas in Young Patients: Tumor Biology, Clinical Features, and Survival Outcomes

The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas in young patients. We evaluated 1693 patients from the Pancreatic Surgery Consortium who underwent resection for IPMN and classified them as younger or older than 50 years of age at the time of surgery. We assessed the relationship of age with clinical, radiological, pathological, and prognostic features. We identified 90 (5%) young patients. Age was not associated with differences in main pancreatic duct size (P = 0.323), presence of solid components (P = 0.805), or cyst size (P = 0.135). IPMNs from young patients were less likely to be of gastric type (37 vs. 57%, P = 0.005), and more likely to be of oncocytic (15 vs. 4%, P = 0.003) and intestinal types (44 vs. 26%, P = 0.004). Invasive carcinomas arising from IPMN were less common in young patients (17 vs. 27%, P = 0.044), and when present they were commonly of colloid type (47 vs. 31% in older patients, P = 0.261) and had better overall survival than older patients (5-year, 71 vs. 37%, log-rank P = 0.031). Resection for IPMN is infrequent in young patients, but when they are resected, IPMNs from young patients demonstrate different epithelial subtypes from those in older patients and more favorable prognosis.
A dynamical systems approach to distributed eigenvector computation

We study the problem of distributedly estimating the k largest/smallest eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors of a (possibly weighted) graph. In this work, we propose a dynamical systems approach that is fully decentralized and has global convergence guarantees. We demonstrate the validity of our approach through rigorous theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation.