cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moderation of Monensin-Induced Growth Depression by Dietary Potassium

Abstract Experiments were conducted to investigate further an interrelationship between dietary composition and response of chicks to monensin. In three experiments with broiler chicks where a monensin level of 100 or 100 and 120 pp m was fed, no significant (P>.05 ) growth depression was observed regardless of dietary composition. In other experiments, 140 or 160 ppm monensin significantly depressed growth rate, and the depression with 160 ppm was significantly greater when the diets contained either 20% fish meal or poultry by-product meal than when a diet with no animal protein was fed. In another experiment chicks were fed to 4 weeks either a cornsoy diet (CS) or an isocaloric diet with 20% fish meal (FM) containing concentrations of either 0, 120, or 160 mg monensin/kg and either 0 or .3% added K (as carbonate). Growth rate of chicks fed the FM diet with the highest monensin level was significantly depressed below all other treatments, but adding K counteracted the growth depression. Another factorial experiment (2 × 2 × 2 × 3) was conducted comparing the CS and FM diets with monensin concentrations of 0, 120, and 160 mg/kg, added K concentrations of 0 and .3%, and dietary sodium levels of .18 and .28%. With respect to main effects on growth rate, monensin significantly depressed it and potassium increased it, but no significant effects were observed with diet or Na supplementation. A significant interaction between monensin and K was observed. Similar effects were observed with feed/gain ratios except that a significant diet times K interaction was obtained. These results suggest that the growth depression sometimes observed in commercial broilers fed diets containing monensin may be eliminated by dietary supplementation with potassium carbonate or other changes in ration formulation.
P-115 - Clonidine treatment of nightmares in PTSD

Over 2 million US service members have now deployed to the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Providers have consequently observed steep increases in mental health service use among these veterans. Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is thought to explain the physiological changes in patients with PTSD. This is the report of a patient whose nightmares were successfully treated with clonidine. Mr. F, a 48 years old man who developed PTSD symptoms after fighting in the Bosnian war for 15 months. He reported witnessing the loss of his family members and other relatives He was treated with venlafaxine XR 225 mg po q daily and olanzapine 10 mg po q daily without any relieve of his nightmares. He was later started on clonidine 0.1 mg po qhs. Within 2 weeks of starting clonidine, he reported improvement in the severity and duration of his nightmares and improved quality of his sleep. Clonidine a centrally acting alpha-agonist agent used to treat hypertension stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brainstem. This action results in reduced sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system. We hypothesize that this central mechanism of action is why clonidine may be more effective in treating nightmares in PTSD. Although, clonidine should be considered as an alternative in the treatment of nightmares among patients with PTSD, more clinical studies are needed to determine when to use clonidine.
The Characteristics and Activities of School Resource Officers: Are Newbies Different than Veterans?

As the perception that school violence is increasing persists, school districts have invested in school resource officer (SRO) programs to protect students and teachers in schools. To date, little is known about SROs; thus, using data from a single state (n = 149), this study examined the characteristics and functions of newbies (i.e., officers with less than 2.5 years of service) and veterans (i.e., officers with more than 2.5 years of service). The results showed that newbie SROs had statistically different characteristics than veterans, but the functions were performed similarly between newbies and veterans.
Duality of interfacial energies and correlation functions

Abstract Duality transformations are used to derive a relationship between energies associated with interfaces between regions of different phases of one system and correlation functions of the dual system. For the two-dimensional Ising model, the relation is confirmed for the row/column and diagonal interfaces.
Cloud detection and clearing for the Earth Observing System Terra satellite Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) experiment

The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, which was launched aboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra spacecraft on 18 December 1999, is designed to measure tropospheric CO and CH4 by use of a nadir-viewing geometry. The measurements are taken at 4.7 µm in the thermal emission and absorption for the CO mixing ratio profile retrieval and at 2.3 and 2.2 µm in the reflected solar region for the total CO column amount and CH4 column amount retrieval, respectively. To achieve the required measurement accuracy, it is critical to identify and remove cloud contamination in the radiometric signals. We describe an algorithm to detect cloudy pixels, to reconstruct clear column radiance for pixels with partial cloud covers, and to estimate equivalent cloud top height for overcast conditions to allow CO profile retrievals above clouds. The MOPITT channel radiances, as well as the first-guess calculations, are simulated with a fast forward model with input atmospheric profiles from ancillary data sets. The precision of the retrieved CO profiles and total column amounts in cloudy atmospheres is within the expected ±10% range. Validations of the cloud-detecting thresholds with the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer airborne simulator data and MOPITT airborne test radiometer measurements were performed. The validation results showed that the MOPITT cloud detection thresholds work well for scenes covered with more than 5–10% cloud cover if the uncertainties in the model input profiles are less than 2 K for temperature, 10% for water vapor, and 5% for CO and CH4.
Effect of heavy-ion irradiation on London penetration depth in overdoped Ba(Fe 1-x Co x ) 2 As 2

Irradiation with 1.4 GeV ${}^{208}$Pb ions was used to induce artificial disorder in single crystals of iron-arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Co${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ and to study its effects on the temperature-dependent London penetration depth and transport properties. A study was undertaken on overdoped single crystals with $x=0.108$ and $x=0.127$ characterized by notable modulation of the superconducting gap. Irradiation corresponding to the matching fields of ${B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}=6$ T and 6.5 T with doses $2.22\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ $\mathit{\text{d}}$/cm${}^{2}$ and $2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ $\mathit{\text{d}}$/cm${}^{2}$, respectively, suppresses the superconducting ${T}_{c}$ by approximately 0.3 to 1 K. The variation of the low-temperature penetration depth in both pristine and irradiated samples is well described by the power law $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)=A{T}^{n}$. Irradiation increases the magnitude of the prefactor $A$ and decreases the exponent $n$, similar to the effect of irradiation in optimally-doped samples. This finding supports universal ${s}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ pairing in Ba(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Co${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ compounds for the entire Co doping range.
The role of gastrointestinal absorption of kerosene in producing pneumonitis in dogs

Kerosene was injected directly into the stomachs of pups which had previously had transections of their esophagi. The pups were examined radiographically and histologically (post mortem) for evidence of pneumonitis. None of the pups had any radiologic evidence of pneumonitis. Histologic examination after death revealed a suggestion of edema in 5 of the 7 dogs given kerosene. One had a focal hemorrhage; one, the pup which received the largest dose of kerosene, was normal histologically.
Quantifying pedogenic carbonate accumulations using stable carbon isotopes

Abstract Four pedons from a late Quaternary chronosequence developed in calcareous alluvium in central Texas were investigated to assess the ability of the stable C isotope method to partition and quantify pedogenic carbonate accumulations. To quantify pedogenic carbonate accumulations with this method, δ 13 C values of bulk, pedogenic, and parent carbonate must be known. For each pedon, δ 13 C values of bulk carbonate were measured on a horizon by horizon basis. The parent carbonate end-member for all pedons was approximated by averaging the bulk δ 13 C values for all horizons from the weakly developed floodplain soil. The diffusion model of Cerling (1984) and Quade et al. (1989) was used to estimate the pedogenic carbonate end-member. Quantification of pedogenic carbonate accumulations by the isotopic method was compared to quantitative estimates conducted by field morphology, binocular light microscope point counts, and thin-section point counts. Results suggest that the isotopic method is superior to other methods of quantifying pedogenic carbonate accumulations. Whole-soil pedogenic carbonate accumulations as calculated by the isotopic method for the chronosequence were: (1) 1 to 4 vol.% by 2000 years; (2) 4 to 15 vol.% by 5000 years; and (3) 1 to 12 vol.% after 15,000 years. These results reveal net soil carbonate loss through time for central Texas climates. This corroborates similar conclusions drawn for the same chronosequence using mass balance analysis to calculate the flux of carbonate. Net carbonate loss through time also indicates that these soils do not serve as long-term carbonate C sequesters.
Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.

The agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an endogenous antagonist of the centrally expressed melanocortin receptors. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is involved in energy homeostasis, food intake, s...
Inhibition of microsomal biotransformation by a series of nitrogen and oxygen heterocyclic histamine H2-antagonists.

A homologous series of potent, long-lasting thiazolo-pyrimidone-pyridine histamine H2-antagonists were examined for their inhibitory effects on rat hepatic ethylmorphine N-demethylation. Inhibitory potency increased in the order: 2-pyridinyl < 3-pyridinyl < 4-pyridinyl histamine H2-antagonist. Substitution ortho to the pyridine nitrogen decreased inhibitory potency. Hydroxylation of the pyridine heterocycle decreased inhibitory potency, whereas substituent electronic effects did not appreciably alter the inhibitory potency of these compounds. Antagonists containing oxygen heterocycles were moderately potent inhibitors compared to those containing unsubstituted pyridine as the heterocycle. A 3-(6-methylpyridine) histamine H2-antagonist was shown to be a slightly more potent inhibitor of ethinamate metabolism than cimetidine in rats. However, unlike cimetidine, it did not inhibit the plasma half-life of antipyrine in dogs at doses that were equally efficacious in inhibiting gastric acid secretion.
Fluorometric Determination of WR-148, 946[α-DI-n-Butylaminomethyl-2,6-bis(Trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-Pyridine Methanol Hydrochloride] in Biological Fluids

Abstract A fluorometric procedure for WR-148,946 is reported based upon a fluorophore formed in 9 N sulfuric acid. A study of various acidic, neutral, and basic media is presented to establish sulfuric acid as the solvent system needed for maximum fluorescence intensity. A profile of various normal solutions of sulfuric acid showed that 9 N gave highest fluorescence readings. The fluorophore in 9 N sulfuric acid is postulated to be an “ene” formed from dehydration of the drug. Fluorescence is linear over the range 2–1000 ng/ml of sample with a quantum yield of 0.45. Application of the procedure to the analysis of WR-148, 946 in human plasma and urine gave an accuracy of 2.5–6.2%.
What studies of turbellarian embryos can tell us about the evolution of developmental mechanisms

In spiralian embyros determination of the axes of bilateral symmetry is associated with D quadrant specification. This can occur late through equal cleavage and cell interactions (conditional specification) or by the four-cell stage through unequal cleavage and cytoplasmic localization (autonomous specification). Freeman & Lundelius (1992) suggest that in spiralian coelomates the former method is ancestral and the latter derived, with evolutionary pressure to shorten metamorphosis resulting in early D quadrant determination through unequal cleavage and appearance of adult features in the larvae. Because of the key phylogenetic position of the turbellarian platyhelminthes, understanding the method of axis specification in this group is important in evaluating the hypothesis. Polyclad development, with equal quartet spiral cleavage, is believed to represent the most primitive condition among living turbellarians and has been examined experimentally in Hoploplana inquilina. Blastomere deletions at the two and four-cell stage produce larvae that are abnormal in morphology and symmetry, indicating that early development is not regulative, and also establish that the embryo does not have an invariant cell lineage. Deletions of micromeres and macromeres at the eight-cell stage indicate that cell interactions are involved in dorso-ventral axis determination, with cross-furrow macromeres playing a more significant role than non-cross-furrow cells. The results support the idea that conditional specification is the primitive developmental mode that characterized the common ancestor of the turbellarians and spiralian coelomates. Evolutionary trends in development in polyclads and other turbellarian orders are discussed.
Professionals beyond midlife: Some observations on work satisfaction in the fifty- to sixty-year decade

This article draws on in-depth interview data from 72 professionals between the ages of 50 and 60. The central focus is on the 39 men in the sample. Contrary to the literature citing uniformly high levels of work satisfaction among professionals, respondents describe feelings of boredom and discomfort arising out of careers that have slowed down in terms of novelty and personal growth. Data are presented contrasting work in the fifties with earlier points in respondents' careers. Attention is given to the several responses made to declining work options in the fifties. In addition, reasons for variations in work satisfaction between men and women and between those in different professions are explored.
Group versus individual reinforcement contingencies within the context of group study conditions.

We investigated the effects of two teaching variables on students' Spanish vocabulary quiz performance: (a) group study and (b) individual versus group contingencies. In Experiment 1, we compared students' quiz scores under conditions in which students either studied independently and received no programmed reinforcement or studied in groups and received individual rewards for high scores. The results showed that, on average, the group-study individual-reward condition produced superior quiz scores. In Experiment 2, we compared individual (i.e., the superior condition in Experiment 1) and group contingencies within the context of the group study condition. On average across the class, group contingencies produced performance superior to individual contingencies. In both studies, however, benefits for the classes as a whole were mitigated by effects on individual students. These results extend the literature on the effects of group-based instructional activities and reinforcement contingencies. Educators who choose such procedures may encounter conflicting findings depending on whether they examine results at the group or individual level.
Developmental Regulation of Human Cytomegalovirus Receptors in Cytotrophoblasts Correlates with Distinct Replication Sites in the Placenta

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the major viral cause of congenital disease, infects the uterus and developing placenta and spreads to the fetus throughout gestation. Virus replicates in invasive cytotrophoblasts in the decidua, and maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG)-CMV virion complexes, which are transcytosed by the neonatal Fc receptor across syncytiotrophoblasts, infect underlying cytotrophoblasts in chorionic villi. Immunity is central to protection of the placenta-fetal unit: infection can occur when IgG has a low neutralizing titer. Here we used immunohistochemical and function-blocking methods to correlate infection in the placenta with expression of potential CMV receptors in situ and in vitro. In placental villi, syncytiotrophoblasts express the virion receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but lack integrin coreceptors, and virion uptake occurs without replication. Focal infection can occur when transcytosed virions reach EGFR-expressing cytotrophoblasts that selectively initiate expression of αV integrin. In cell columns, proximal cytotrophoblasts lack receptors and distal cells express integrins α1β1 and αVβ3, enabling virion attachment. In the decidua, invasive cytotrophoblasts expressing coreceptors upregulate EGFR, thereby dramatically increasing susceptibility to infection. Our findings indicate that virion interactions with cytotrophoblasts expressing receptors in the placenta (i) change as the cells differentiate and (ii) correlate with spatially distinct sites of CMV replication in maternal and fetal compartments.
Effectiveness of physical therapy for improving gait and balance in individuals with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.

Primary objective: The purpose of this review was to investigate the efficacy or effectiveness of non-aerobic exercise interventions to improve balance and gait in functionally mild-to-moderate individuals with TBI (those who demonstrate the ability or capacity to ambulate) and to provide evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice.Methods: The authors searched eight databases for papers including exercise interventions to improve gait and balance post-TBI. Twenty papers fully met inclusion criteria. The quality of studies was determined by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and strength by Sackett's Levels of Evidence.Results: This study found limited evidence of the positive effects of balance, gait or the combination of both interventions in TBI rehabilitation. Most studies included small sample sizes with heterogeneous groups and the interventions were variable and lacked standardization. The outcome measures were variable and low in quality.Conclusions: The state of evidence for ga...
Role of tumor vascular architecture in nutrient and drug delivery : An invasion percolation-based network model

Delivery of diffusible nutrients and drugs in tissues is limited in part by the distance over which substances must diffuse between the vascular space and the surrounding tissues and by upstream losses prior to local delivery by the blood. By examining the fractal behavior of two-dimensional vascular networks in the murine dorsal skinfold chamber preparation, we have identified distinct architectural features of normal and tumor vascular networks that lead to fundamentally different transport behavior. Normal capillaries which are relatively straight and regularly spaced are well modeled by the widely used Krogh cylinder model. In contrast, the fractal dimensions of tumor vascular networks suggest that the tortuous vessels and wide range of avascular spaces found in tumors are better represented by invasion percolation, a well-known statistical growth process governed by local substrate properties. Based on these observations, we have constructed a percolation-based model of tumor vascular growth that enables us to predict the effects of network architecture on transport. We find that the number of avascular spaces in tumors scales with the size of the spaces so that there will exist a few large avascular spaces and many smaller avascular spaces between vessels. We also find that the tortuosity of the vessels, as reflected by the elevated minimum path dimension, produces regions of locally flow-limited transport and reduces flow through the tumor as a whole. Our model helps to explain the long-standing paradox that tumor vasculature has a higher geometrical resistance than normal vasculature despite increases in vessel diameter. A comparison to oxygenation measurements in normal and tumor tissues shows that our model predicts the architectural obstacles to transport in tumors more accurately than the Krogh cylinder model. Our results suggest that clinical interventions that yield more regular vascular geometry may be useful as a supplement to those that improve arterial availability or decrease rates of consumption by the tissue.
A Home-Centered Approach to Assistive Technology Provision for Young Children with Disabilities.

This article discusses a home-centered approach to the use of assistive technology. A home-centered approach essentially addresses two questions: (a) How can assistive technology interventions for ...
Bio-sequence analysis with cradle's 3SoC™ software scalable system on chip

With the dramatically increasing amounts of genomic sequence database, there is a need for faster and more sensitive searching for sequence similarity analysis. The Smith-Waterman algorithm, which utilizes dynamic programming, is a common method for performing exact local alignments between two protein or DNA sequences. The Smith-Waterman algorithm is exhaustive and generally considered to be the most sensitive, but long computation times limit the use of this algorithm. This paper presents a preliminary implementation of Smith-Waterman algorithm using a new chip multiprocessor architecture with multiple Digital Signal Processors (DSP) on a single chip leading to high performance at low cost.
Evaluating the Performance Limitations of MPMD Communication

The MPMD approach for parallel computing is attractive for programmers who seek fast development cycles, high code re-use, and modular programming, or whose applications exhibit irregular computation loads and communication patterns. RPC is widely adopted as the communication abstraction for crossing address space boundaries. However, the communication overheads of existing RPC-based systems are usually an order of magnitude higher than those found in highly tuned SPMD systems. This problem has thus far limited the appeal of high-level programming languages based on MPMD models in the parallel computing community. This paper investigates the fundamental limitations of MPMD communication using a case study of two parallel programming languages, Compositional C++ (CC++) and Split-C, that provide support for a global name space. To establish a common comparison basis, our implementation of CC++ was developed to use MRPC, a RPC system optimized for MPMD parallel computing and based on Active Messages. Basic RPC performance in CC++ is within a factor of two from those of Split-C and other messaging layers. CC++ applications perform within a factor of two to six from comparable Split-C versions, which represent an order of magnitude improvement over previous CC++ implementations. The results suggest that RPC-based communication can be used effectively in many high-performance MPMD parallel applications.
Regulation of lipid metabolism in chicken liver by dietary cereals supplemented with culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride.

The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid syn- thetase, and 0-hydroxy-AŸ-methylglutaryl-CoA(HMG-CoA) reducA­asewere determined in subcellular fractions of livers from chickens fed a com-, wheat-, or barley-based diet with or without supplementation with culture filtrate (0.008%) of Trichoderma viride for 4 days (at which maximal effect was observed). Body and liver weights were not affected by supple mentation although the defect of sticky feces observed in birds fed barley was eliminated. The HMG-CoA reductase activity was inhibited by 77% and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase activities increased two to four fold and 0.5- to 2-fold, respectively. Supplementation of the barley-based diet with heated culture filtrate for 18 days resulted in no changes in body and liver weights and did not eliminate the sticky feces. In addition, activity of HMG-CoA reductase was reduced 79% and the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were in creased up to 300%. The results of these experiments indicate that the elimination of sticky feces and enhancement of gain in weight by the addition of culture filtrate to the barley-based diet of chickens are prob ably due to a different mechanism than the one for the suppression of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and elevation of fatty acid synthesis, and that some factor(s) in die culture filtrate is responsible for this drastic decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis which may provide a therapeutic ap proach to the control of cardiovascular disease. J. Nutr. 110: 1473-1478,
Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes

Training non-scientists in the use of volcano-monitoring data is critical preparation in advance of a volcanic crisis, but it is currently unclear which methods are most effective for improving the content-knowledge of non-scientists to help bridge communications between volcano experts and non-experts. We measured knowledge gains for beginning-(introductory-level students) and novice-level learners (students with a basic understanding of geologic concepts) engaged in the Volcanoes Exploration Program: Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō (VEPP) “Monday Morning Meeting at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory” classroom activity that incorporates authentic Global Positioning System (GPS), tilt, seismic, and webcam data from the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruptive vent on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i (NAGT website, 2010), as a means of exploring methods for effectively advancing non-expert understanding of volcano monitoring. Learner groups consisted of students in introductory and upper-division college geology courses at two different institutions. Changes in their content knowledge and confidence in the use of data were assessed before and after the activity using multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Learning assessments demonstrated that students who took part in the exercise increased their understanding of volcano-monitoring practices and implications, with beginners reaching a novice stage, and novices reaching an advanced level (akin to students who have completed an upper-division university volcanology class). Additionally, participants gained stronger confidence in their ability to understand the data. These findings indicate that training modules like the VEPP: Monday Morning Meeting classroom activity that are designed to prepare non-experts for responding to volcanic activity and interacting with volcano scientists should introduce real monitoring data prior to proceeding with role-paying scenarios that are commonly used in such courses. The learning gains from the combined approach will help improve effective communications between volcano experts and non-experts during times of crisis, thereby reducing the potential for confusion and misinterpretation of data.
Pivotal advance: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded microRNA specifically induce IL-6 and IL-10 secretion by macrophages and monocytes

Macrophages are an important source of inflammatory cytokines generated during the innate immune response, but in the microenvironment of certain tumors, macrophages promote tumor progression through their preferential secretion of cytokines that support tumor cell growth and suppress antitumoral immune responses. KSHV is the causative agent of KS and lymphomas preferentially arising in immunocompromised patients, and specific cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-10, have been implicated in KSHV-associated cancer pathogenesis. However, the contribution of KSHV-infected macrophages to the cytokine milieu within KSHV-related tumors is unclear. We found that individual KSHV-encoded miRNA induce IL-6 and IL-10 secretion independently and additively by murine macrophages and human myelomonocytic cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified KSHV miRNA binding sites for miR-K12-3 and miR-K12-7 within the 3′UTR of the basic region/leucine zipper motif transcription factor C/EBPβ, a known regulator of IL-6 and IL-10 transcriptional activation. Subsequent immunoblot analyses revealed that miR-K12-3 and miR-K12-7 preferentially reduce expression of C/EBPβ p20 (LIP), an isoform of C/EBPβ known to function as a negative transcription regulator. In addition, RNA interference specifically targeting LIP induced basal secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 by macrophages. Taken together, these data support a role for KSHV miRNA in the programming of macrophage cytokine responses in favor of KSHV-related tumor progression.
Post-fire recovery of acorn production by four oak species in southern ridge sandhill association in south-central Florida.

We examined post-fire recovery of two components of acorn production (percentage of bearing ramets [stems] and number of acorns per bearing ramet) for four species of oaks in southern ridge sandhill vegetation in south-central peninsular Florida. Annual counts of acorns on two white oaks (Quercus chapmanii and Q. geminata) and two red oaks (Q. laevis and Q. myrtifolia) were conducted annually (except in 1991) on two 2.7-ha grids from 1969 to 1998. A prescribed burn was conducted on one of the grids in May 1993. Newly sprouted ramets of both white oaks produced acorns during the first year following the fire, whereas red oaks required 3 yr (Q. myrtifolia )o r 4y r (Q. laevis) to produce acorns. The difference in the timing of post-fire acorn production between the white and red oak species reflected the difference in the number of years from flower bud initiation to mature acorns in the two groups, with the additional year-long lag in Q. laevis probably attributable to the fact that it is typically a tree rather than a shrub species. The data suggested that percentage of bearing ramets in the smallest size class of the two white oak species was markedly lower in the burned than unburned grid in the first year of post-fire acorn production and higher in the fifth year, but these trends were not evident for the red oaks. Among all four species, differences between mean number of acorns in burned and unburned grids were significant in only two cases (the largest size class of both white oak species in the fifth year). There was no evidence of recruitment from acorns on the burned grid, possibly due to the rapid redevelopment of the shrub layer because of low mortality of the extensive clonal root systems. Rapid post-fire recovery of acorn production in xeric fire-prone habitats is presumably the result of selection to increase the probability of recovery and persistence following sufficiently intense fires that result in high oak mortality. The timing and magnitude of post-fire acorn production in sandhill and other xeric Florida associations has a potential impact on a wide variety of insects, birds, and mammals that feed on acorns, as well as on the species with which they interact.
Hydraulic modelling calibration in small rivers by using coarse resolution synthetic aperture radar imagery

This study investigates the potential of the low-resolution images (150m) derived by the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar onboard theENVISAT satellite to calibrate a hydraulicmodel coupledwith a semidistributed hydrologicmodel applied to a subcatchment of the upper-middleTiberRiver,Gennabasin (<100 km), in central Italy,wherein afloodevent occurredon28November2010causinghigh damages. Specifically for thisflood event, anAdvancedSyntheticApertureRadar image is available for the peak regionof the discharge hydrograph. Different image processing techniques are used for the assessment of the flooded areas by using both a single image and a change detection image based on an additional (dry) reference image. The satellite-derived flooded areas are adopted for the calibration of the channel and floodplain Manning’s roughness coefficients of a ‘quasi-two-dimensional’ hydraulic model applied to the study basin, which allows to distinguish the main channel from the floodplain. The inflows for the hydraulic model corresponding to each tributary of the main channel are determined by a semidistributed hydrologic model calibrated by using a set of historical flood events. The hydraulic model calibration is also carried out by using the same set of historical flood events. For the event of November 2010, the modelled discharge and water level hydrographs obtained with the two sets of Manning roughness (via satellite and historical calibration) are compared with in situ observations at the outlet of the basin. This application on a small catchment contributes to strengthen the value of remote sensing data confirming the potential of synthetic aperture radar imagery to reduce uncertainties in hydraulic modelling calibration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religion: The Determining Factor in Constructing Global Marketing Strategies

This paper seeks to piece together the connection between religion and a country’s decision making habits. A model is then developed that allows managers to capture and synthesize information that will provide the necessary elements for establishing successful exporting strategies.
The Dialectical Psychoeducational Workshop (DPEW) The Conceptual Framework and Curriculum for a Preventative Intervention for Males at Risk for IPV

Current programs aimed at reducing intimate partner violence (IPV) have demonstrated little effect on at-risk males, who may potentially engage in acts of IPV. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) provides the conceptual and empirical foundation for the dialectical psychoeducational workshop (DPEW). The DPEW offers a targeted preventative intervention for individuals potentially at risk for IPV. This article offers the rationale and theoretical basis for a specialized preventative approach to IPV and delineates a brief psychoeducational program that may stimulate further research and provide an alternate preventative intervention strategy in an area in need of innovative programs.
Chitosan-alginate Hybrid Scaffolds for in Vitro Bone Tissue Regeneration

This paper reports the development of a biodegradable porous scaffold made from naturally derived chitosan and alginate polymers for bone tissue engineering. The scaffold has a 3-D interconnected porous structure and was fabricated through thermally induced phase separation. The mechanical test showed that the scaffold has compressive strength of 0.46 ± 0.02 MPa — about 4 times that of the pure chitosan scaffold. The cell-material interaction study indicated that osteoblast cells seeded on the chitosan-alginate scaffold attach and proliferate well. The mineral deposition occurred after 3 days of culture and formed large chunks after 7 days. The chitosan-alginate scaffold was also found to have desirable swelling property and was structurally stable in solutions of different pH. The chitosan-alginate scaffold can be prepared from solutions of neutral pH allowing growth factors to be incorporated homogeneously into the scaffold for sustained release. This research demonstrated a technique by which a polymer-based biodegradable scaffold can be made to have high porosity up to 92% and excellent mechanical and biological properties.
A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ACHILLES TENOTOMY AS AN AID IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION

It is our considered opinion that this procedure is a valuable aid in the treatment of intermittent claudication. The operation can be carried out in a few minutes with minimal risk and requires no cooperation on the part of the patient except his willingness to receive instructions regarding balance and gait. While the procedure does nothing to improve the blood supply to the lower extremities, it does eliminate the ischaemic pain in the calf muscles. Although the series of cases is small and the period of follow-up is short, we hope that our results will stimulate interest in the procedure.
Abstract 12404: Cardioprotective Diazoxide Inhibits Succinate Dehydrogenase Independent of the Adenosine Triphosphate Sensitive Potassium Channel in Mouse and Human Mitochondria

Introduction: Adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel (K ATP ) opener diazoxide provides cardioprotection during myocyte stress via an unknown mechanism that has been proposed to involve the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and the activation of a mitochondrial K ATP channel (mK ATP ). Diazoxide’s cardioprotection is eliminated by the prevention of its ability to inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and by genetic deletion of K ATP channel subunit SUR1. Interestingly, diazoxide still inhibits SDH in SUR1 deficient mice, suggesting the inhibition of SDH precedes mK ATP activation; however, the relationship between the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme complex and a mitochondrial K ATP channel are unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the addition of mK ATP channel inhibitor, 5 - hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), would alter diazoxide’s ability to inhibit SDH. Methods: Mitochondria were isolated from mouse hearts and human left ventricular specimens using serial homogenization and exposed to test groups: 8 mM malonate (inhibitor of SDH), 100 microM diazoxide (DZX), 100 microM 5-HD, DZX + 5 HD, succinate control, no succinate, and no mitochondria. SDH activity was measured by spectophotometric analysis fo 2-6 dicholoroindophenol reduction at 600nm for 20 min. Results: Diazoxide inhibited SDH in mouse and human mitochondria (figure demonstrates human SDH activity, percent change in absorbance is inversely proportional to SDH activity) (*p Conclusions: Similar to previous results following genetic deletion of mK ATP subunit SUR1, these data are consistent with the inhibition of SDH by diazoxide as upstream to mK ATP activation as diazoxide inhibits SDH despite the inhibition of mK ATP by 5 - HD.
Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

The rapidly growing field of nanoscale lasers can be advanced through the discovery of new, tunable light sources. The emission wavelength tunability demonstrated in perovskite materials is an attractive property for nanoscale lasers. Whereas organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials are known for their instability, cesium lead halides offer a robust alternative without sacrificing emission tunability or ease of synthesis. Here, we report the low-temperature, solution-phase growth of cesium lead halide nanowires exhibiting low-threshold lasing and high stability. The as-grown nanowires are single crystalline with well-formed facets, and act as high-quality laser cavities. The nanowires display excellent stability while stored and handled under ambient conditions over the course of weeks. Upon optical excitation, Fabry-Perot lasing occurs in CsPbBr3 nanowires with an onset of 5 μJ cm(-2) with the nanowire cavity displaying a maximum quality factor of 1,009 ± 5. Lasing under constant, pulsed excitation can be maintained for over 1 h, the equivalent of 10(9) excitation cycles, and lasing persists upon exposure to ambient atmosphere. Wavelength tunability in the green and blue regions of the spectrum in conjunction with excellent stability makes these nanowire lasers attractive for device fabrication.
Strange Fruit Indeed: Interrogating Contemporary Textbook Representations of Racial Violence Toward African Americans

Background/ContextRecent racial incidents on college and high school campuses throughout the United States have catalyzed a growing conversation around issues of race and racism. These conversation...
Mayo and the Future of Tax Regulation

Of the heady early days of the French Revolution, Wordsworth wrote: Bliss it was in that dawn to be alive. But to be young was very heaven. Those of us interested in the intersection of tax law and administrative law may be excused if we feel similar exhilaration about the time in which we live. In terms of the intersection, this is the most exciting moment in the tax history of the United States. Recent cases have tested - and cases still in progress continue to test - the validity of several Treasury regulations.
The Cutaneous Amyloidoses

The amyloids are a group of fibrillary proteins which are extracellularly deposited in some pathological conditions. They are characterized by specific staining with Congo-red, yellow-green dichroic birefringence of Congored-stained amyloid in polarized light, fibrillar structure on electron microscopy, and a β-pleated sheet arrangement of the fibril-forming amino acid chains on X-ray diffraction analysis (Pras and Gafni, 1977; Rosenthal and Franklin, 1977).
Universal Anisotropically Conductive Nano-adhesive of PDMS Oligomers

A nanopatternable oligomeric PDMS layer has been first verified as a nano-adhesive for its intrinsic transferability and universal adhesiveness. Utilizing the well-established PDMS surface modification and bonding techniques, we have been able to form irreversible bonding between a wide range of substrate pairs, representing ones within and across different material categories, including metals, ceramics, thermoset, and thermoplastic polymers. The anisotropic conductivity of the PDMS oligomer nano-adhesive has been investigated, which allows specific and excellent directional conductivity between bonded electrodes without risk of electrical shorts across different contacts.
c -axis magnetotransport in Ce Co In 5

We present the results of out-of-plane electrical transport measurements on the heavy fermion superconductor $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ at temperatures from $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and in magnetic field up to $9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. For $Tl10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ transport measurements show that the zero-field resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ changes linearly with temperature and extrapolates nearly to zero at $0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, indicative of non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior associated with a quantum critical point (QCP). The longitudinal magnetoresistance (LMR) of $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ for fields applied parallel to the $c$ axis is negative and scales as $B∕(T+{T}^{*})$ between 50 and $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, revealing the presence of a single-impurity Kondo energy scale ${T}^{*}\ensuremath{\sim}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Beginning at $16\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ a small positive LMR feature is evident for fields less than $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ that grows in magnitude with decreasing temperature. For higher fields the LMR is negative and increases in magnitude with decreasing temperature. This sizable negative magnetoresistance scales as ${B}^{2}∕T$ from $2.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ to roughly $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and it arises from an extrapolated residual resistivity that becomes negative and grows quadratically with field in the NFL temperature regime. Applying a magnetic field along the $c$ axis with $Bg{B}_{c2}$ restores Fermi-liquid behavior in ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)$ at $T$ less than $130\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$. Analysis of the ${T}^{2}$ resistivity coefficient's field dependence suggests that the QCP in $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ is located below the upper critical field, inside the superconducting phase. These data indicate that while high-$T$ $c$-axis transport of $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ exhibits features typical for a heavy-fermion system, low-$T$ transport is governed both by spin fluctuations associated with the QCP and Kondo interactions that are influenced by the underlying complex electronic structure intrinsic to the anisotropic $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ crystal structure.
Another perspective on the misalignment of MBA curricula requirements

In recent AMLE issues, Rubin and Dierdorff (2009, 2011) empirically demonstrated that there is a marked misalignment between the competencies needed for managerial effectiveness in the workplace and the competencies that are being taught in required MBA courses of AACSB-accredited business programs. We extend their work by investigating the pervasiveness of this curricular misalignment. We considered whether misaligned learning goals may underlie misaligned curricula. Through an analysis of the learning goals of 253 MBA programs, we found mirror-opposite results to Rubin and Dierdorff (2009) on four of the six managerial competencies. Our learning-goal data show that MBA programs are in alignment with the key competencies that lead to managerial success. Explanations for the conflicting findings are provided, with the most compelling being the different methodologies employed in the two studies. Across-the-curriculum delivery of important managerial competencies versus the delivery of these competencies i...
C3435T mutation in exon 26 of the human MDR1 gene and cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects

Summary:To determine the relationship between C3435T mutation in exon 26 of the human multidrug resistant 1 (MDR1) gene and cyclosporine pharmacokinetic parameters among healthy volunteers, the oral cyclosporine pharmacokinetic study was performed for 14 healthy subjects. Blood cyclosporine concentr
Intricate Internal Rotation Surface and Fundamental Infrared Transitions of the n-Propyl Radical

The potential energy surface for methylene hindered internal rotation is examined for the n-propyl radical, a molecule fundamental to combustion chemistry. Six stationary points are identified, and four of them are unique: 1, 2, TS1, and TS2. The remaining two structures 1′ and TS1′ are mirror images with respect to 1 and TS1. Focal point analysis, converged to the complete basis set limit of coupled-cluster theory with single, double, triple, and perturbative quadruple excitations [CCSDT(Q)], is employed to obtain the relative energies of these structures. A one-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) is constructed by explicitly mapping out a distinguished reaction path via constrained geometry optimizations. A “double-well” feature is observed on the electronic PES, but under the adiabatic approximation, the enthalpic (0 K) PES becomes a regular single-well potential with the expected 180° periodicity. The corresponding one-dimensional vibrational Schrodinger equation is solved using the Cooley–Nume...
Resistance trends of housefly and its control strategies in Dalian city

Objective To investigate the resistance of housefly to 5 kinds of normal used insecticides in Dalian and compare with the results of 2001 and 2006.Methods The trace drop method was used.Results The LD50 of housefly to beta-cypermethrin,deltamethrin,DDVP,chlorpyrifos and proposur were 0.146 4、0.030 1、0.452 3、0.607 2、﹥97.27 respectively.The resistance ratio were 52.29,50.17,39.68,20.17 and 335.41 respectively.Conclusion Housefly has developed high resistance to 5 kinds of normal used insecticides in Dalian.It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of resistance and use insecticides scientifically.Integrated management should be taken to overcome or delay the resistance development of housefly.