cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A temporospatial map of adhesive molecules in the organ of corti of the mouse cochlea

In the nervous system, several classes of cell-surface and extracellular matrix molecules have been implicated in processes such as neural growth, fasciculation, pathfinding, target recognition and synaptogenesis, which require cell-to-cell or cell-to-substrate binding. In the developing mouse cochlea, little is known about the types of cell-surface and extracellular matrix molecules existing along the neural growth paths or their possible roles in development. Whole mount and sectioned cochlear tissue were immunolabeled for six different adhesive molecules - neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), polysialic acid (PSA), neural cell adhesion molecule L1, E-cadherin, syndecan-1 and tenascin-C. A temporospatial map of adhesive molecule distribution in the basal turns of the mouse cochlea was generated. Distributions of adhesive molecules were compared to each other and to the known progress of neural development in the region. This comparison demonstrated differences in the complements of adhesive molecules between the inner and outer hair cell regions, and variations in the expressions of adhesion molecules among different types of nerve fibers. In addition, developmental changes in the adhesive environment around and beneath the outer hair cells coincided with the known timing of the appearance of morphologically defined efferent synapses. These observations raise the possibility that molecular differences at the cell surface of inner and outer hair cells are one way that ingrowing neurites distinguish different environments to determine their growth routes and synaptic partners in the cochlea. In addition these observations demonstrate the potential for differential signaling of afferent and efferent innervation by altering the microenvironments in which synapses are formed.
Central America: Sociocultural Aspects

In the last quarter of the twentieth century social turmoil in Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica) generated a great deal of new and innovative social scientific works on both the region and its particular countries. Most social scientists have carried out comparative research, usually on all five countries—the three where armed revolutions took place as well as the two where they did not. Most of these studies have tried to explain why social revolutions took place where they did and have focused on economies and states rather than on civil society, rarely touching upon local communities. Anthropologists have now begun to do comparative and multisited ethnography (the study of lived experience through immersion in the relevant context) and often analyze national-level phenomena—whether of social movements, the military, or citizen-state formation. Ethnography of the exotic has virtually vanished and concern with the social impact of research has expanded enormously. Critical reaction to anthropology by their usual objects, the indigenous groups who in Guatemala now call themselves the Maya, has also led to more activist anthropological research as well as to more training of Maya anthropologists.
ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC) IN SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (SCID)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In a study described in the chapter, ADCC activity was determined in patients with SCID prior to and post bone marrow transplantation. Three different patients were analyzed. The technique of Trinchieri et al was used in determining ADCC. Effector cells isolated on Ficoll–Hypaque were depleted of adherent and phagocytic cells by incubation on a glass surface and by elimination of cells that had ingested carbonyl iron. Target lymphocytes were isolated from a single donor of known HLA phenotype, were incubated for 3 days with PHA, and were labeled with 51 Cr. The effector cell to target cell ratio was 10:1. ADCC was assessed prior to transplantation in cases 2, 3, and 4. ADCC was absent in all three cases. The absence of ADCC in SCID indicates that the effector cell in ADCC is a lymphoid cell. The time sequence of restoration of T-cell function, B-cell function, and of ADCC activity in the three cases studied post-transplantation demonstrates that the effector cell in ADCC is distinct from both the classical T and B lymphocytes.
Emergencies in the Office Setting

Although not widely reported in the literature, emergencies do occur in the office. Types and incidence will vary depending on patient demographics and specific office procedures. Providing definitive care for all emergency situations is obviously impossible, but the prudent clinician prepares to initiate treatment for the most likely and the most rapidly lethal diagnoses. Syncope, perhaps the most common, has many etiologies, some of which are life-threatening. Initial office management of cardiopulmonary arrest, hypoglycemia, seizures, and shock states, including anaphylaxis, can successfully avert morbidity and mortality.
Infrared Radiation from Normal Galaxies

We review the possible sources of thermal infrared radiation in a complete sample of optically bright normal galaxies. The sample comes primarily from the Virgo cluster but is augmented by field galaxies at the same distance. Ground based 10 µm measurements of the nuclear regions and the IRAS survey are both reviewed. We find that elliptical galaxies are very weak at thermal infrared wavelengths and that much of their emission comes from photospheres and dust shells around late-type M stars. SO galaxies, as a sample, are somewhat brighter than elliptical galaxies and in a small subset of the sample the infrared emission appears to come primarily from nuclear star-formation. Spiral galaxies are bright at thermal infrared wavelengths. On average, twenty-five per cent of the infrared radiation from spiral galaxies comes from a nuclear bursts of star formation and the remainder comes from the disk. The nuclear emission strength is independent of morphological type whereas disks of Sc galaxies are much stronger than the disks of Sa galaxies. Infrared emission from peculiar objects such as Seyfert type activity appears relatively weak in this sample.
Abstract 308: Yeast Bax Inhibitor, BXI1, is involved in calcium homeostasis of the ER in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast Bax inhibitor-1 (BXI1/YBH3) encodes a protein that belongs to the Bax Inhibitor (TMBIM) family of proteins that all contain a transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif. The crystal structure of a prokaryotic member of the family, BsYetJ, has revealed that the Bax inhibitor proteins are pH sensitive calcium leaks. In mammals, the Bax inhibitor family of proteins has cytoprotective properties that are most evident in paradigms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our published studies have shown that yeast Bxi1p is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is triggered by ER stress. BXI1 is thought to act via a mechanism involving altered calcium dynamics. We now show that cells lacking BXI1 accumulate higher levels of calcium in their ER as compared to their wildtype counterparts. We have also over expressed Bxi1p in E.coli and have used a fura-2 based calcium assay to show that the protein facilitates the influx of extracellular calcium into the cell. Our preliminary data with Δbxi1 Δpmr1 double mutants suggest that Bxi1p and Pmr1p, the Golgi-ER calcium pump, function in an antagonistic manner. [Our laboratory is supported by grant NIGMS R15 GM110578, awarded to N. Austriaco.] Citation Format: Nicholas Andrews, Nicholas Mello, Liam McDonough, Joseph Alisch, David Eagan, James Mullin, Alfredo Gonzalez, Nicanor Austriaco. Yeast Bax Inhibitor, BXI1, is involved in calcium homeostasis of the ER in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 308.
Masses in the era of screening tomosynthesis: Is diagnostic ultrasound sufficient?

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare diagnostic outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis screen-detected masses worked up with mammography first with those evaluated with diagnostic ...
Diagnostic Utility of Isolated Tube C Positivity in T-Cell Receptor β Testing Using BIOMED-2 Primers.

OBJECTIVES T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies are widely used for assessing T-cell clonality. The frequency and significance of clonal peaks restricted to TCR β (TCRB) tube C are uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed 80 TCR studies performed on bone marrow/peripheral blood. METHODS TCRB and TCR γ (TCRG) analyses were performed using BIOMED-2 primers. A peak was considered clonal or atypical if it was reproducible and 5× or more or 3× to 5× polyclonal background, respectively. RESULTS TCRB analysis demonstrated 12 (15%) of 80 cases with one to four isolated peaks in tube C (>3×) with polyclonal pattern in tubes A and B. TCRG analysis was monoclonal in two cases (both definite T-cell neoplasms), polyclonal in four, and oligoclonal in six. Of the 10 cases without clone in TCRG, six had autoimmune disorder and none had T-cell neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS Peaks restricted to TCRB tube C in the TCR analysis may be misleading, as it is often not indicative of an overt T-cell neoplasm.
Use of phentermine-topiramate extended release in combination with sleeve gastrectomy in patients with BMI 50 kg/m2 or more.

Abstract Background Super obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥50 kg/m2) treatment can be complicated and high risk. Objectives We studied whether the pre and postoperative use of phentermine and topiramate (phen/top) combined with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in super obesity increases the odds of achieving a BMI Setting Academic medical center in Winston Salem, North Carolina. Methods We recruited patients between 2014 and 2016 who had a BMI ≥50 and planned to undergo LSG (n = 25) to participate in an open-label trial. Participants took phen/top (7.5/46–15/92 mg/d) for at least 3 months preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. We compared weight loss, BMI changes, and odds for achieving BMI Results Of the 25 participants recruited, 13 completed LSG. Phen/top participants had a baseline BMI of 61.2 ± 7.1 kg/m2 compared with 57.0 ± 5.6 kg/m2 for control participants. Percent initial weight loss was –39.3% (phen/top + LSG) versus –31.4% (control) at 12 months, P = .018; by 24 months, phen/top + LSG had an 11.2% greater initial weight loss, P = .007. At 24 months, the mean BMI was 33.8 kg/m2 for phen/top versus 42 kg/m2 for controls. The odds ratio for achieving a BMI Conclusions Compared with LSG alone, phen/top combined with LSG may help patients with a BMI >50 achieve greater weight loss and reach a BMI
Emotion regulation choice: a broad examination of external factors

Emotion regulation choices are known to be profoundly consequential across affective, cognitive, and social domains. Prior studies have identified two important external factors of emotion regulation choice: stimulus intensity and reappraisal affordances. However, whether there are other external factors of emotion regulation choice and how these factors contribute to emotion regulation choice when considered simultaneously is not yet clear. The current studies addressed these gaps by examining the relations between emotion regulation choice (distraction vs. reappraisal) and self-reported stimulus intensity, reappraisal affordances, and several other factors including discrete emotions and distraction affordances. Across three studies using different databases of standardised images to enhance generalizability, our results showed that in the context of our experiments, reappraisal affordances were strongly associated with emotion regulation choice (greater reappraisal affordances predicted higher use of reappraisal). Further, stimulus intensity was independently associated with emotion regulation choice in each study. Our results also demonstrated that the discrete emotion of disgust (but not other discrete emotions) is a previously unidentified external factor of emotion regulation choice. We discuss the implications of the current findings.
The Use of Sacral Osteotomy in the Correction of Spinal Deformity | Technical Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract Background Flat-back deformity is a disabling adverse outcome following instrumented lumbar fusion. As patients are often fused in this non-physiologic alignment, correction is complex and has conventionally required fracture of the pre-existing fusion mass. Sacral osteotomy may be one effective means of correcting the positive sagittal balance in these patients. Here we report a case of flat-back deformity corrected using a three-column sacral osteotomy and systematically review the available literature on the effectiveness of three-column sacral osteotomy for correcting flat-back deformity. Methods A systematic review was performed using the results of a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane database according to PRISMA guidelines. We also include our patient as an example of the technique. Results Eight studies case reports or case series were identified describing 37 patients, including our case example. The variety of techniques was too heterogeneous for meta-analysis, but all studies reported good correction of sagittal deformity. Transient L5 palsy was the most common side effect of this technique, being reported in 21 patients (56.8%) across all studies. Conclusions Sacral osteotomy is potentially an effective means of correcting positive sagittal balance in patient with flat-back deformity secondary to high pelvic incidence.
Mass spectrometry and ion mobility study of poly(ethylene glycol)‐based polyurethane oligomers

RATIONALE Commercial-grade polymer synthesis is performed via melt polymerization, which leads to polydispersion. The work reported herein provides a synthetic strategy to produce mono-dispersive polyurethane oligomers and an analytical strategy to distinguish these oligomers, providing chemists with the tools necessary to synthesize and identify specific polymer structures that exhibit a desired property. METHODS Three isomeric poly(ethylene glycol)-polyurethane (PEG-PUR) oligomers were synthesized and analyzed via flow-injection ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Each polymer oligomer was injected and run independently via flow injection at 100 μL•min-1 and analyzed in positive ion mode on a drift tube quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. Mobility measurements were determined using a single-field approach. For tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments, the sodium-adducted singly charged precursor ion was isolated in the quadrupole and subjected to a range of collision energies. RESULTS In MS experiments, both +1 and +2 sodium-adducted species were observed for each oligomer at m/z 837.4 and 430.2, respectively. When isolated and fragmented via MS/MS, the +1 precursor yielded distinct product ions for each of the three isomeric oligomers. Fragmentation generally occurred at urethane linkages via 1,3- and 1,5-H shift mechanisms. IM was also used to distinguish the three isomers, with greater IM separation observed for the +2 versus the +1 species. CONCLUSIONS Mono-disperse PEG-PUR oligomers were synthesized and analyzed. Although the polymeric oligomers analyzed in this study are quite small and structurally simple, this work serves as a model system for the synthesis and structural characterization of larger, more complex block copolymers.
Concavity and unimodality of expected revenue under discrete willingness to pay distributions

Most pricing and revenue management models have at their core an optimization problem; one needs to determine the optimal price or quantity to maximize a profit or revenue function. To ensure tractability, conditions that assure the objective function has a unique solution are enormously helpful. So far, several technical assumptions have been proposed for the continuous case, but comparatively little attention has been given to the discrete counterpart despite its prevalence in practice. Thus, this study aims to develop new technical assumptions, built upon relevant economic concepts, to guarantee the tractability of revenue management models in discrete settings. In particular, we present two sufficient conditions for the revenue function to be concave, in terms of quantity or price and propose a condition for the revenue function to be unimodal, called discrete increasing generalized failure rate (IGFR). Our definition has an appropriate economic interpretation and offers comparable properties to those of the continuous version. Finally, we show the discrete IGFR property holds for several discrete distributions.
Changes in conservation value from grasslands to savannas to forests: How a temperate canopy cover gradient affects butterfly community composition

Temperate savannas and grasslands are globally threatened. In the Midwest United States of America (USA), for example, oak savannas persist today at a small percentage of recent historic coverage. Therefore, restoration of habitats of low and intermediate canopy cover is a landscape conservation priority that often emphasizes returning tree density to a savanna-like target value. Understanding how animal species react to such changes in vegetation structure is important for assessing the value of these restoration plans. We examined how butterfly community attributes in northwest Indiana USA, including community composition, richness, and abundance responded to a grassland-to-forest gradient of canopy cover. Butterfly community composition under intermediate canopy cover differed significantly from community composition in the most open or closed-canopy habitats. Composition of the plant community in flower was a significant predictor of three assessed attributes of the butterfly community-composition, richness, and abundance. Phenology, expressed as day-of-the-year, was also a strong predictor of these butterfly community attributes. Few butterfly species were habitat specialists as adults although canopy cover was a more important predictor of adult community composition than of richness or abundance of butterflies. Therefore, adult butterfly community differences along the canopy cover gradient were less about butterfly communities filled with habitat specialists for different canopy-defined habitats and more about gradual changes in community composition along this gradient. Overall, butterfly community richness was predicted to peak at about 34% canopy cover, butterfly abundance at about 53% canopy cover, community conservation value at about 59% canopy cover, and a combination of desirable conservation attributes-high diversity, high abundance, and high conservation value-was predicted to reach a peak of co-occurrence at about 67% canopy cover suggesting that habitats of intermediate canopy cover might be particularly effective for butterfly conservation in this region.
High flow nasal cannula treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in infants and young children.

BACKGROUND Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the nonsurgical treatment of choice for children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, CPAP limitations include difficulty with adherence and midface hypoplasia risk. We, therefore, sought to assess the effect of warm humidified air delivered via open nasal cannula (HFNC) on OSA in children in the sleep laboratory and at home. METHODS A retrospective review was performed among children recommended treatment of OSA with HFNC. Reasons for HFNC recommendation included poor surgical candidacy, residual OSA following surgery, and CPAP intolerance. Children underwent both diagnostic and HFNC titration sleep studies and were prescribed HFNC for home use. Standard sleep architecture, arousals, and apnea-hypopnea indices (AHI) were assessed with the evaluation of reported adherence and complications over 12 months of treatment. RESULTS Twenty-two children (average 12.8 months, 95% confidence interval [95% CI: 7.0, 18.6]) with OSA (obstructive AHI [OAHI] range: 4.8-89.2 events/h) underwent HFNC titration with significant reduction in OAHI (28.9 events/h [17.6, 40.2] vs 2.6 [1.1, 4.0]; P < .001) (mean [95% CI]). Nineteen patients received home HFNC treatment. By 12 months, four patients were lost to follow-up and OSA resolved in three patients (16%). Of 12 remaining patients, 7 (58%) continued therapy while 5 (42%) discontinued due to intolerance. The most common treatment complication was cannula dislodgement. Additional complications included skin irritation, dry mucus membranes, restlessness, oxygen desaturation, and increased central apneas. CONCLUSION HFNC offers a treatment alternative to CPAP in infants and young children with OSA and was well tolerated at home in our study.
Efficacy of varying doses of cGnRH IIa on spawning performance of Pinfish and Pigfish

Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, and pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera, are popular marine baitifsh used throughout the southeastern United States. Well‐defined methods exist for closing their life cycles in captivity and are being used for commercial aquaculture efforts for each species. Multiple spawning hormones have been effective for spawning induction for both species. Evaluations of a type II gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (cGnRH IIa) have proven it effective for induced spawning in channel catfish, and it has been proposed to be an effective hormone for induced spawning in other species. Four dosages (25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg) of cGnRH IIa for spawning induction along with a negative (saline at 0.5 ml/kg) and positive control (Ovaprim® at 0.5 ml/kg) treatment were evaluated for both species. Pinfish and pigfish responded to every cGnRH IIa tested, with up to nine viable spawns collected from pigfish at 100 μg/kg and up to five viable spawns collected from pinfish at 200 μg/kg. The amount of sinking eggs spawned, egg and larval size, and hatching success and survival to first feeding differed significantly for pigfish. Total egg production, fecundity, egg and larval size, and hatching success and survival to first feeding were significantly different for pinfish. While effective for spawning induction in both species, there may be some decrease in spawn quality associated with cGnRH IIa, at least for pigfish. Future research directed towards understanding the potency and physiological reactions caused by cGnRH IIa will help corroborate findings of higher egg output and reduced egg and larval quality.
The sagacity of the surround: The casual sex-assemblages of young adults:

The current study applies the concept of the assemblage, an aggregation of discursive and nondiscursive bodies, objects, and ideas, to young adults and casual sex. By de-centering human subjectivit...
Investigation of the Evaporation Rate of Water from Colloidal Unimolecular Polymer (CUP) Systems by Isothermal TGA

Studies of the evaporation of aqueous nanoparticle solutions have been limited due to lack of homogeneity of the solution, difficulties in obtaining reproducible samples and stability of substrates, as well as the effect of other volatile components or contaminants such as surfactants. Colloidal unimolecular polymer (CUP) is a spheroidal nanoparticle with charged hydrophilic groups on the surface, and the particle size ranges from 3 to 9 nm. The large amount of surface water on the CUP surface provides the opportunity to evaluate the evaporation of surface water, which may contribute to the investigation the factors that affect the evaporation rate in solutions of ultra-small particles, like protein, micelle, colloidal, etc. Six CUP systems were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with respect to time and solids content. The evaporation rate of water was initially enhanced due to the deformation of the air-water interface at low to moderate concentration due to particle charge repulsive forces. At higher concentrations, above 20%, surface charge condensation and increasing viscosity began to dominate. At higher concentration where the CUP reached the gel point the rate of diffusion controlled the evaporation. The final drying point was the loss of three waters of hydration for each carboxylate on the CUP surface.
Realizing the Promise of Automated Exposure Notification (AEN) Technology to Control the Spread of COVID-19: Recommendations for Smartphone App Deployment, Use, and Iterative Assessment

By using modern cryptographic techniques, privacy-preserving Automated Exposure Notification (AEN) technologies offer the promise of mitigating disease spread by automatically recording contacts between people over the incubation period while maintaining individual data privacy. Today, public health departments in States and other countries around the world are deploying AEN systems at a rapid pace. Though many organizations conducted research prior to deploying apps, experience around the world shows that contact-tracing apps are installed and used at relatively low levels. This whitepaper is intended to provide usable information for States who are considering the deployment of an AEN system, as well as to guide ongoing improvements for States that have already deployed. We outline the human factors considerations related to employing AEN systems with the ultimate goal of controlling the spread of COVID-19, including the GAEN consortium Exposure Notifications (EN) Express tool. We will also provide a practical design and implementation guide for States and others designing and deploying AEN systems, as well as a set of recommendations for assessing deployment of contact tracing apps and targeting areas of concern to improve efficacy of use during and after initial deployment. As a case study, we consider the commercial app deployed by the state of Pennsylvania (PA) and the ongoing efforts to drive user adoption there.
The impact of Drinking in the Dark (DID) procedural manipulations on ethanol intake in High Drinking in the Dark (HDID) mice.

Abstract The High Drinking in the Dark mouse lines (HDID-1 and HDID-2) were selectively bred to achieve high blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) in the Drinking in the Dark (DID) task, a widely used model of binge-like intake of 20% ethanol. There are several components that differentiate DID from other animal models of ethanol intake: time of day of testing, length of ethanol access, single-bottle access, and individual housing. Here, we sought to determine how some of these individual factors contribute to the high ethanol intake observed in HDID mice. HDID-1, HDID-2, and non-selected HS/NPT mice were tested in a series of DID experiments where one of the following factors was manipulated: length of ethanol access, fluid choice, number of ethanol bottles, and housing condition. We observed that 1) HDID mice achieve intoxicating BECs in DID, even when they are group-housed; 2) HDID mice continue to show elevated ethanol intake relative to HS/NPT mice during an extended access session, but this is most apparent during the first 4 h of access; and 3) offering a water choice during DID prevents elevated intake in the HDID-1 mice, but not necessarily in HDID-2 mice. Together, these results suggest that the lack of choice in the DID paradigm, together with the length of ethanol access, are important factors contributing to elevated ethanol intake in the HDID mice. These results further suggest important differences between the HDID lines in response to procedural manipulations of housing condition and ethanol bottle number in the DID paradigm, highlighting the distinct characteristics that each of these lines possess, despite being selectively bred for the same phenotype.
SHOW ME THE MONEY: CAMPAIGN FINANCE IN THE 2000 AND 2002 OKLAHOMA ELECTIONS

To understand Oklahoma's elections, one needs to examine campaign finance. Campaign finance information not only reveals which candidates might win the race, but it will also reveal how candidates get their money, which candidates are getting more money, whether the political parties are competitive, and how active interest groups are in Oklahoma. This essay examines Oklahoma campaign finance for both the 2000 and 2002 elections using both data readily available from the Oklahoma Ethics Commission on the candidates, but also data that was gathered on the political action committees who contributed to the candidates. These two sources of information reveal that incumbents do better than challengers and that many races became more competitive in Oklahoma as seats became open as a result of term limits. However, there are substantial differences between not only the Oklahoma House and Senate candidates in terms of the donations they receive, but also between the Republicans and the Democrats. Particularly noteworthy was the substantial decline of the Democratic Party in 2002 compared to 2000 in raising funds. Hence, it was not a surprise that Republicans were able to capture the state House in 2004, and this does not bode well for the Democrats in 2006.
Are acceptance, support, and the factors that affect them, different? Examining perceptions of U.S. fuel economy standards

Abstract Understanding the acceptance of and support for transportation policies focused on the environment, such fuel economy standards, is important because of the positive impact policies can have on the environment and overall sustainability goals. This study investigates the acceptance of and support for fuel economy standards through an online survey of Maine residents. Specifically, we assess the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, which aim to increase fuel economy of vehicles, while decreasing greenhouses gas emissions and foreign fuel dependence in the United States. We assess how perceptions of the policy and economic views of the market affect acceptance and support. We differentiate acceptance and support on two dimensions, a temporal and attitudinal–behavioral dimension. In doing so, we improve upon traditional measures of these variables and provide evidence that acceptance and support are distinct constructs. We find that perceived fairness, perceived effectiveness, and a subscription to a free-market ideology play a role in acceptance and support. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to survey methods, policy communications, and an interdisciplinary understanding of environmental policy.
Framing Occupy Wall Street: A Content Analysis of The New York Times and USA Today

Previous research has shown that media coverage of social protests tended to frame domestic protest activities in various negative ways. This study proposed a typology of six framing/marginalization devices to media coverage of Occupy Wall Street that started in New York in September 2011. Through a combination of content analysis and logistic regression analyses, this study found that lawlessness , official sources , show , and ineffective goals are the most widely used marginalization devices in reporting OWS, and that five out of the six devices are associated with the overall tone of the coverage of the protest groups— public disapproval is the most explanatory device, followed by negative impact , show , ineffective goals , and lawlessness . These five framing devices as a whole can explain 65.5% of the variability of the overall tone.
Gesture-based language for diver-robot underwater interaction

Underwater environment is characterized by harsh conditions and is difficult to monitor. The CADDY project deals with the development of a companion robot devoted to support and to monitor human operations and activities during the dive. In this scenario the communication and correct reception of messages between the diver and the robot are essential for success of the dive goals. However, the underwater environment poses a set of technical constraints hardly limiting the communication possibilities. For such reasons the solution proposed is to develop a communication language based on the consolidated and standardized diver gestures, commonly employed during professional and recreational dives, thus leading to the definition of a CADDY language, called CADDIAN, and a communication protocol. This article focuses on the creation of the language providing alphabet, syntax and semantics: future work will explain the part of recognition of gestures that is still in progress.
Deposition and Properties of Superconducting MgB2 Thin Films

The recently discovered superconductor MgB2 with Tc at 39 K has great potential in superconducting electronics. In this paper, we review the deposition techniques used for MgB2 thin films in the light of a thermodynamic study of the Mg-B system with the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) modeling technique. This thermodynamic study identifies a growth window in the pressure–temperature phase diagram, in which the magnesium pressure is very high for likely in situ growth temperatures. A Hybrid Physical–Chemical Vapor Deposition (HPCVD) technique that successfully achieves such a high Mg pressure is shown to produce in situ epitaxial MgB2 thin films with bulk superconducting properties.
Amiodarone therapy and autoimmune thyroid disease: Increase in a new monoclonal antibody-defined T cell subset

T cell subsets in 10 patients receiving amiodarone were evaluated, and their thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies were assessed. A generalized increase in a recently discovered subset of T cells expressing a complex ganglioside antigen reacting with monoclonal antibody 3G5 was found. Two patients, one with hyperthyroidism and the other with euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy, had an additional T cell abnormality--marked increase in Ia-positive T cells (an abnormality typical of patients with spontaneous Graves' disease). In the hyperthyroid patient, the Ia-positive T cells disappeared within three weeks after amiodarone was discontinued. The other patients receiving amiodarone had normal numbers of Ia-positive T cells. These studies indicate that amiodarone alters a major resting T cell subset for almost all patients and is associated with T cells expressing the Ia antigen in selected patients. These T cell abnormalities suggest that amiodarone precipitates organ-specific autoimmunity in susceptible persons.
Temperature effects on the susceptibility of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United States.

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is a fungus with broad spectrum insecticidal activity. As a biological control agent used against Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)), this fungus has performed erratically in various field studies. This inconsistent performance has been attributed to formulation problems, UV sensitivity, and humidity. In a multi-site test, B. bassiana controlled Colorado potato beetle larvae in both Poland and the Czech Republic, but not in Maryland. Control was measured by reduction in populations of beetle larvae. One of the major differences among these sites was temperature. In Poland, the mean temperature ranged from 5°C to 23°C; in the Czech Republic the average temperature ranged from 6.7°C to 18.7°C; and in Maryland, temperatures at time of application exceeded 45°C at canopy level. This led us to examine B. bassiana growth in vitro.While B. bassiana grew in the laboratory from 16 to 30°C, the B. bassiana from a formulated product (Mycotrol™, Mycotech, ...
Diet quality and the eating environment of preschool children

The feeding relationship between parent and child involves the intricate interaction of a number of variables. It has been estimated that more than one fourth of American children have eating problems that began before adolescence (1,2). Parents not only must provide quality food to meet their children's nutrient requirements, they must establish a positive and supportive eating environment so that children develop healthy food-related attitudes and behaviors (3-5). This study was conducted to assess the current eating environment and the nutritional quality of the diets of preschool children
Recursive computation of the Fourier transform

Efficient recursive methods and circuits for computing a continuously updated discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of an input-digital signal are considered. The Fourier transform (FT) is recomputed at each sample input time, with only O(N) operations being required to compute the transform, where N is the number of frequency bins. Various window functions are considered for windowing the input-wave form, namely a rectangular window, a triangular window, and an exponential window. The last type of window has not been widely considered in the past, partly due to its asymmetrical shape, and hence nonlinear phase response. Nevertheless, it is shown to have certain advantages in ease of computation and in flexibility. For the exponential window, a circuit that conveniently allows zooming in to particularly interesting parts of the frequency spectrum is shown. By appropriately loading a multiplier storage RAM, arbitrarily fine resolution may be achieved in any part of the spectrum, thus permitting closely adjacent peaks to be distinguished. The general approach is based on the interpretation of the FT as a set of simultaneous bandpass filters. Though these filters are generally finite-impulse-response filters, computational advantages are derived from formulating them as recursive filters. >
The incidence of second primary tumors in long-term survivors of small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE AND METHODSA review of 446 patients who were enrolled consecutively in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) protocols was performed to identify in long-term survivors the frequency of new primary tumors and their clinical impact.RESULTSForty-seven patients (10.5%) were identified to be free of disease at 2 years. Second primary tumors (SPTs) were diagnosed in 14 patients. The overall risk for developing an SPT was 10.3% per person-year. Actuarial risk at 8 years was 50.3% for an SPT.CONCLUSIONSIn this review, SCLC showed one of the highest incidences of SPTs reported in aerodigestive tract malignancies. A long-term survivor was more likely to have an SPT than a relapse of SCLC. Consequently, the odds of death from an SPT compared with that from a relapse increased sharply from 1:13 within 4 years from diagnosis to 8:1 afterwards. Long-term survivors of SCLC would be excellent candidates for chemoprevention trials.
Pyruvate dose response studies targeting the vital signs following hemorrhagic shock

Objectives: To determine the optimal effective dose of sodium pyruvate in maintaining the vital signs following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. Materials and Methods: Anesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent computer-controlled HS for 30 minute followed by fluid resuscitation with either hypertonic saline, or sodium pyruvate solutions of 0.5 M, 1.0 M, 2.0 M, and 4.0 M at a rate of 5ml/kg/h (60 minute) and subsequent blood infusion (60 minute). The results were compared with sham and non- resuscitated groups. The animals were continuously monitored for mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, temperature, shock index and Kerdo index (KI). Results: The Sham group remained stable throughout the experiment. Non-resuscitated HS animals did not survive for the entire experiment due to non-viable vital signs and poor shock and KI. All fluids were effective in normalizing the vital signs when shed blood was used adjunctively. Sodium pyruvate 2.0 M was most effective, and 4.0 M solution was least effective in improving the vital signs after HS. Conclusions: Future studies should be directed to use 2.0 M sodium pyruvate adjuvant for resuscitation on multiorgan failure and survival rate in HS.
Causal attributions and attitudes toward lung cancer

This study investigated causal attributions and attitudes toward a hypothetical lung cancer patient. Participants included 147 undergraduate students who read 1 of 3 vignettes about a man recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The vignettes were identical except for the causal description of the patient's lung cancer (genetic, smoking, or combined). Compared with the other 2 conditions, participants in the genetic condition believed the hypothetical patient had less control and less responsibility for his illness; they also noted more pity and less anger. There were no significant differences in these variables between the smoking and combined conditions. Information about genetic information appears to trigger more positive perceptions of lung cancer patients, but only in the absence of smoking histories.
The Founder of Common Factors: A Conversation With Saul Rosenzweig

In preparation for a commentary on Saul Rosenzweig’s classic 1936 paper,“Some Implicit Common Methods in Diverse Forms of Psychotherapy,” anamazing discovery was made: Saul Rosenzweig is not only alive but also stillcontributing to science and society at age 93. This article sets the stage for aconversation with the incredibly prolific Dr. Rosenzweig by tracing the im-pact of his seminal contribution on early common factors theorists. Thisreview reveals Rosenzweig’s unrecognized but profound influence on lead-ing figures of not only common factors but also of psychotherapy itself. Aconversation with Rosenzweig, the founder of common factors, is presented.This noted scholar and wise elder of psychology reflects on the evolution ofhis thinking from common factors to idiodynamics, and on topics rangingfrom his passion for literature to his 1965 Buick Skylark, from the history ofpsychotherapy to falling in love with ideas.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Cirrhotic Liver: Gadolinium-enhanced 3D T1-weighted MR Imaging as a Stand-alone Sequence for Diagnosis

Purpose: To retrospectively assess the usefulness of contrast material–enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging alone and with T2-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: A waiver of informed consent and institutional review board approval for this retrospective study were granted. The study was HIPAA compliant. Twenty-eight men (mean age, 49 years; range, 23–70 years) and 10 women (mean age, 53 years; range, 42–72 years) with cirrhosis underwent T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging at 1.5 T within 90 days of liver transplantation. Three readers reviewed the T1-weighted images alone and then the T2-weighted and T1-weighted images together. Lesion detection, characterization, and reader confidence levels were recorded. Results: At liver explantation, 57 lesions were present in 18 patients: 19 HCCs, 33 dysplastic nodules, and five cysts. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging depicted 13 of 19 HCCs with an overall sensitivi...
Recruitment risk, growth, age and predation in two populations of sand dollars, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz)

Abstract Two populations of Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz) at Alki Point, Seattle, exploit different habitats. Differences in these habitats are reflected in the survival, size distribution, growth rates, and abundances of each population. At southern Alki, Dendraster inhabits sand between cobbles over a hard clay bottom which lies 2 to 10 cm below. The northern Alki population inhabits a smooth beach of deep sand. The southern Alki population is characterized by a higher population density, a more abundant recruitment, a more rapid growth of young, slower growth of adults, and a smaller mean adult size than the northern population. Factors favoring survival or more rapid growth of either large or small Dendraster are discussed. Senescence is the major source of mortality in intertidal Dendraster populations. Predation by asteroids appears to be a sufficient factor preventing Dendraster from occupying physiologicaly acceptable subtidal habitats.
Treatment of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised pediatric patients.

In the last 3 decades, systemic candidiasis has become increasingly recognized as a major source of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised pediatric patients. As the number of children receiving chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantations continue to increase, clinicians should expect that invasive infections from Candida spp. will also increase in these vulnerable hosts. Fortunately, in the past 15 years, the evolution of older antifungals coupled with the discovery of new classes of antifungal agents has equipped physicians with reasonable options for treating these otherwise life-threatening infections.
Effect of chlorpromazine on avoidance acquisition as a function of CS-US interval length.

The present experiment was designed to test the inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine upon avoidance responding as a function of CS-US interval length. Three dosages of chlorpromazine, 0.00, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/kg and three CS-US intervals, 5, 10, and 15 sec constituted the 3 × 3 factorial design. Each subject (S) served in only one of the nine conditions. Male albino rats were given avoidance training and extinction in a Miller-Mowrer shuttlebox. The CS (damped house buzzer) preceded the US (electric shock) by the interval designated by the condition. On escape trials, both CS and US terminated when S jumped the barrier separating the compartments. On avoidance trials, CS was response-terminated and the US eliminated for that trial. During extinction each group was subdivided into two equal groups, one receiving 0.00 mg/kg and the second 0.75 mg/kg of chlorpromazine.
Apparent persistence lengths and diffusion behavior of high molecular weight hyaluronate

High purity, high molecular weight hyaluronate from bacteria and rooster comb exhibited clear polyelectrolyte properties, as observed by static and dynamic light scattering. The scattered intensity of hyaluronate solutions increased markedly with ionic strength, while the radii of gyration decreased. Apparent persistence lengths within the wormlike chain model in the coil limit were estimated as a function of ionic strength. The total apparent persistence length varied from about 87 A in the high ionic strength limit to nearly 400 A at 1 mM added NaCl. The apparent electrostatic persistence length varied approximately as the inverse square root of the ionic strength. Deviations from the theoretically predicted inverse ionic strength dependence were investigated in terms of excluded volume effects. Dynamic light scattering yielded “ordinary phase” diffusion coefficients whose dependence on polymer and salt concentration agreed reasonably well with hydrodynamic coupled mode theory in the linear limit. Extrapolations to infinite polymer dilution at fixed salts yielded, surprisingly, a constant diffusion coefficient. Thus, there was no evidence of either polyion expansion or electrolyte friction effects in the infinite dilution diffusion coefficients. Since clear evidence for polyion expansion was seen in the static scattering, it is thought that the relative stiffness and consequent openness of the hyaluronate coils lead to partial free draining behavior. There was no evidence for an “extraordinary phase” under no added salt and low added salt conditions. The overall results are contrasted with the very different behavior previously reported for medium purity hyaluronate from animal sources.
A Comparison of Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as an Extraction Solvent for Plating Bath Treatment

Because of increasing federal regulations, alternative metal recovery methods for spent electroplating baths are needed. Supercritical extraction of waste metals using CO2 is potential candidate for this process. However, because of the high-cost of supercritical fluid processing equipment, an extraction system modeled on the use of liquid CO2 rather than supercritical CO2 may be more economical. For this reason, the use of liquid CO2 containing β-diketones as an extraction solvent for the removal of Ni2+ and Zn2+ from an electroplating solution was investigated and compared to results obtained with supercritical CO2. Acetylacetone (ACAC) and its fluorinated analogues were used as the ligands for the extraction of Ni2+ and Zn2+ from the electroplating bath. While the fluorinated ACAC showed a potential for a higher extraction efficiency, over 70% of both Ni2+ and Zn2+ was extracted using both liquid and supercritical CO2 using a 100-fold molar excess of ACAC. With isopropyl alcohol as a modifier, extracti...