cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Incubation of Rabbit Cornea

Rabbit cornea, either as a part of the whole eye or as an isolated specimen, was incubated in vitro in a moist chamber maintained at 34° C. The endothelial surface was perfused with various solutions in order to find a medium capable of maintaining in vitro cornea at normal thickness. The KEI medium (a culture medium for in vitro rabbit lens developed by Kinsey and associates) was found to be the best of all solutions tested. This solution allowed the maintenance of normal corneal thickness for over 10 hours. In the cold-stored swollen cornea this solution alloived nearly complete temperature reversal of the thickness. Simplification of this medium proved unsatisfactory. A modification of the amino acid concentrations of the KEI medium is suggested in this report for the incubation of the cornea. When the corneal epithelium was scraped off and the cornea was perfused with the KEI medium, it was able to maintain normal thickness for at least 6 hours; it also accomplished a very satisfactory temperature reversal of the swelling. Removal of calcium from the complete KEI medium caused a marked swelling of the cornea. KEI salt solution (mineral components of KEI medium) without addition of glucose resulted in a marked swelling and incomplete temperature reversal. The addition of certain carbohydrate metabolites, in the absence of glucose, to this KEI salt solution led to a maintenance of normal thickness and to an occurrence of considerable temperature reversal.
Spender und Blutkonservierung

Die Aufgabe, die der Spender bei einer Bluttransfusion erfullen mus, beschrankt sich nicht nur auf die Lieferung von Blut. Bei der Wahl eines Spenders ist die wichtigste Forderung die Vermeidung einer Schadigung des Empfangers durch das Spenderblut mittels Wahl der passenden Blutgruppe und mittels Verhinderung einer Krankheitsubertragung vom Spender auf den Empfanger. Die Wahl der passenden Blutgruppe ist Sache der Blutgruppenbestimmung (siehe S. 221). Die ubertragung einer Krankheit auf den Empfanger kann durch die klinische Voruntersuchung des Spenders ausgeschaltet werden. Bei der Krankheitsubertragung auf den Empfanger handelt es sich in der uberwiegenden Mehrzahl der Falle um Infektionskrankheiten.
Do ungulates facilitate native and exotic plant spread? Seed dispersal by cattle, elk and deer in northeastern Oregon

Large domestic and native ungulates have the potential to disperse large quantities of seeds throughout the landscape. Many studies have found that ungulates are capable of dispersing seeds but few quantify the relative importance of ungulate dispersal across the landscape. We investigated the potential for cattle, elk, and deer to disperse native and exotic plants in two different western North American ecosystems in northeast Oregon. We collected fecal samples of cattle, elk and deer that had been deposited during the current growing season. In the greenhouse we monitored the density and species richness of seedlings that germinated from the fecal samples. All three species act as seed dispersers for native and exotic plants. Cattle fecal pats had a higher species richness and density of exotic grasses germinating compared to the other ungulates; elk had a higher species richness and density of native and exotic forbs compared to the other ungulates. We then projected the number of seeds that each animal could disperse during a growing season. We predict that cattle disperse more than an order of magnitude more seeds than elk and deer per animal. Cattle, elk and deer interact with the landscape in different ways and this can have important ramifications for plant communities at local and regional scales.
Family functioning, moods, and binge eating among urban adolescents.

This study builds upon prior research on associations between moods, family functioning, and binge eating, using ecological momentary assessment to examine moderating effects of family functioning on associations between moods and binge eating. This study was conducted among a nonclinical sample of urban adolescents. Family functioning was assessed using five constructs adopted from the FACES-IV measure: ‘family cohesion,’ ‘family flexibility’ ‘family communication,’ ‘family satisfaction,’ and ‘family balance.’ Mood data was gathered using 13 items from a daily affect scale. Binge eating was assessed using two subscales from the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale—binge eating associated with ‘embarrassment’ (BE1), and binge eating associated with a sense of ‘loss of control’ (BE2). A multilevel modeling approach was employed to examine how associations between momentary moods and binge eating behaviors were moderated by family functioning. Results indicated that measures of negative affect, stress/frustration, and tiredness/boredom were significantly and positively associated with two measures of binge eating (BE1 and BE2; p values ≤ 0.05), and that multiple factors of family functioning buffered the positive predictive effects of moods on binge eating. Findings indicate the importance of inclusion of family functioning in the development of eating behavior interventions for adolescents.
A RARE CAUSE OF SHORTNESS OF BREATH IN AN ADULT: DISCRETE SUBAORTIC MEMBRANE

A discrete subaortic membrane is a cause of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, which rarely presents in adults. Here, we describe a patient presenting with dyspnea that was found to have a subaortic membrane. A 59-year-old female presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion. Her
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of the Gastroesophageal Junction Secondary to High-Risk Human Papillomavirus.

Objectives Although the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of some carcinomas (eg, anogenital and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas) is nondebatable, there is still significant controversy regarding the relationship of HPV and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Methods All cases were sampled at or near the gastroesophageal junctions in patients with reflux and/or known Barrett esophagus and appear to have been initially sampled "incidentally." Patients were all men, aged 56 to 80 years. None had a known history of other HPV-related disease. Results We present four cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the gastroesophageal junction secondary to high-risk HPV that have identical histologic features to similar lesions of the anogenital tract. Conclusions Whether such lesions are at risk for developing into invasive SCC remains unclear.
Class, Ethnicity and State in the Making of Urban Marginality

This chapter draws an analytic map of the research programme pursued across my three books Urban Outcasts (2008), Punishing the Poor (2009) and Deadly Symbiosis (forthcoming). In this trilogy, I disentangle the triangular nexus of class fragmentation, ethnic division and state-crafting in the polarizing city at the century’s turn to explain the political production, socio-spatial distribution and punitive management of marginality through the wedding of disciplinary social policy and neutralizing criminal justice. I signpost how I deployed key notions from Pierre Bourdieu to clarify categories left hazy and to forge new concepts (territorial stigmatization and advanced marginality, punitive containment and liberal paternalism, hyperincarceration and negative sociodicy) as tools for the comparative sociology of the unfinished genesis of the post-industrial precariat, the penal regulation of poverty in the age of diffusing social insecurity and the building of the neo-liberal Leviathan. Bringing the study of the contemporary permutations of class, race and immigration, and the state, into a single framework shows how the racialization, penalization and depoliticization of the urban turbulences associated with advanced marginality reinforce one another in Western Europe as in the United States.
"Found Down" Compartment Syndrome: Experience from the Front Lines of the Opioid Epidemic.

Background:With the worsening of the opioid epidemic, there has been an increasing number of cases in which patients are “found down” following a drug overdose and develop a crush injury resulting in muscle necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, and elevated compartment pressures in a unique presentation of comp
Advances in potential treatment options for myeloproliferative neoplasm associated myelofibrosis.

Introduction The Janus kinase (JAK)1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib provides rapid, sustained and often dramatic benefits to patients with myelofibrosis, inducing spleen shrinkage and ameliorating symptoms, and improves survival. However, the drug has little effect on the underlying bone marrow fibrosis or on mutant allele burden, and clinical resistance eventually develops. Furthermore, ruxolitinib-induced cytopenias can be challenging in everyday practice. Areas covered The developmental therapeutics landscape in MF is discussed. This includes potential partners for ruxolitinib being developed with an aim to improve cytopenias, or to enhance its disease-modifying effects. The development of other JAK inhibitors with efficacy post-ruxolitinib or other unique attributes is being pursued in earnest. Agents with novel mechanisms of action are being studied in patients whose disease responds sub-optimally to, is refractory to or progresses after ruxolitinib. Expert opinion The JAK inhibitors fedratinib, pacritinib and momelotinib are clearly active, and it is expected that one or more of these will become licensed in the future. The activin receptor ligand traps are promising as treatments for anemia. Imetelstat has shown interesting activity post-ruxolitinib, and azactidine may be a useful partner for ruxolitinib in some patients. Appropriately, multiple pre-clinical and clinical leads are being pursued in this difficult therapeutic area.
Effects of substrate and phylogeny on quadrupedal gait in free-ranging platyrrhines.

OBJECTIVES Primate diagonal sequence (DS) gaits are often argued to be an adaptation for moving and foraging in the fine-branch niche; however, existing data have come predominantly from laboratory studies that are limited in taxonomic breadth and fail to account for the structural and ecological variation of natural substrates. We test the extent to which substrate diameter and orientation influence gait sequence type and limb phase in free-ranging primates, as well as how phylogenetic relatedness might condition response patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS We filmed quadrupedal locomotion in 11 platyrrhine species at field sites in Ecuador and Costa Rica and measured the diameter and orientation of locomotor substrates using remote sensors. We quantified limb phase values and classified strides by gait sequence type (N = 988 strides). RESULTS Our results show that most of the species in our sample consistently used DS gaits, regardless of substrate diameter or orientation; however, all taxa also used asymmetrical and/or lateral sequence gaits. By incorporating phylogenetic eigenvectors into our models, we found significant differences in gait sequence patterns and limb phase values among the major platyrrhine clades, suggesting that phylogeny may be a better predictor of gait than substrate diameter or orientation. DISCUSSION Our field data generally corroborate locomotor patterns from laboratory studies but capture additional aspects of gait variability and flexibility in response to the complexity of natural environments. Overall, our results suggest that DS gaits are not exclusively tailored to narrow or oblique substrates but are used on arboreal substrates in general.
Selective Seawater Splitting Using Pyrochlore Electrocatalyst

Seawater electrolysis is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for hydrogen and oxygen generation for spatially constrained offshore and mobile-maritime applications. Herein, we show t...
Conehead Termite Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Insecta: Blattodea: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)

The conehead termite, Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Figure 1), is the first record of a non-endemic establishment from the family Termitidae in the United States (Scheffrahn et al. 2002). This widespread Neotropical species is unique among Florida termites due to the soldier’s nasus (an elongated frontal projection on the soldier’s head) and conspicuous nests (Scheffrahn et al. 2002). These termites are able to feed on many species of wood, i.e., structural wood and dead wood on living trees, and they inhabit a wide range of habitats. The conehead termite is of economic importance (Scheffrahn et al. 2014). Available on the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1275 Also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/URBAN/TERMITES/conehead_termite.HTM
Schwegler, Armin Kirschen, Bryan, and Maglia, Graciela (eds.). Orality, identity, and resistance in Palenque (Colombia): An interdisciplinary approach

This article reviews Orality, identity, and resistance in Palenque (Colombia): An interdisciplinary approach 105.00$158.00
Clinical analysis of 108 Patients with laparoscopic totally extraperitioneal inguinal hernia repair

Objective To investigate the clinical value of laparoscopic totally extraperitioneal inguinal hernia repair. Methods One hundred and eight patients who suffered from inguinal hcmia were treated with laparoscopic totally extraperitioneal inguinal hernia repair. The operation time, wound pain, postoperative recovery of independent function, complications and recurrence rate were studied. Results One hundred and five cases of inguinal hernia were performed the operation successfully, while three cases were converted to open surgery. The operating time was 55～110 minutes for unilateral hemioplasty, and 90～140 minutes for bilateral hemioplasty. Losing blood volume was 15～60 ml. Postoperative complications include 5 cases of hematoma of scrotum and 4 cases of seroma of scrotum. The average postoperative stay was 3～5 days. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 50 months and no recurrence was observed. None of the follow-up patients complained long-term discomfort. Conclusions Laparoscopic totally extraperitioneal inguinal hernia repair is safe with less complications, low recurrence rate and excellent therapeutic effect. Key words: Inguinal hernia; Laparoscopy; TEP
How children listen: multimodality and its implications for K-12 music education and music teacher education

Almost twenty years ago, the question of ‘How popular musicians learn’ (Green, [2002]. How popular musicians learn: A way ahead for music education. Hants, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited) cata...
Emergent Stenting for Obstructive Nephrolithiasis During the COVID-19 Pandemic Compared to the Prepandemic Era

AbstractCOVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. In an attemp to reduce transmission, patients were advised to avoid in-person medical evaluations when possible. Accordingly, we hypothe...
Quality Education and Economic Development

The only way to achieve economic growth, in the long run, is to improve the quality of schools. The most important step for improvement is to establish a clear development goal and indicator in terms of measured skills. Through universal achievement of basic skills, inclusive growth is made possible which, in turn, has enormous potential in addressing issues of poverty and inadequate healthcare and to promote the new technologies necessary to improve the sustainability of growth. There is no single policy that has brought about these gains. Instead, there are local approaches informed by regular monitoring of student performance.
Determining Color-Octet psi-Production Matrix Elements from gamma p and e p Processes

We calculated, within the NRQCD factorization formalism, the leading color-octet contributions to psi production in photon-nucleon and electron-nucleon collisions. The expressions obtained depend on the NRQCD matrix elements and . These matrix elements can be determined by fitting to experimental data. The color-octet contribution to psi photoproduction is in the forward region of phase space, where there may be large corrections to the NRQCD result from higher twist terms. As to psi leptoproduction we point out that the theoretical uncertainties plaguing the photoproduction calculation vanish in the large momentum transfer limit. In this region of phase space the NRQCD formalism should be valid, making psi leptoproduction an ideal laboratory for testing the theory.
Dielectrophoresis as a tool for electrophysiological characterization of stem cells

Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a nonlinear electrokinetic technique caused by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization of neutral particles in an electrolyte solution, is a powerful cell manipulation method used widely for various applications such as enrichment, trapping, and sorting of heterogeneous cell populations. While conventional cell characterization and sorting methods require tagging or labeling of cells, DEP has the potential to manipulate cells in a label-free way. Due to its unique ability to characterize and sort cells without the need of labeling, there is renewed interest in using DEP for stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various lineages, but achieving homogeneous cell phenotypes from an initially heterogeneous cell population is a challenge. Using DEP to efficiently and affordably identify, sort, and enrich either undifferentiated or differentiated stem cell populations in a label-free way would advance their potential uses for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent, significant research findings regarding the electrophysiological characterization of stem cells, with a focus on cellular dielectric properties, i.e., permittivity and conductivity, and on studies that have obtained these measurements using techniques that preserve cell viability, such as crossover frequency. Potential applications for DEP in regenerative medicine are also discussed. Overall, DEP is a promising technique and, when used to characterize, sort, and enrich stem cells, will advance stem cell-based regenerative therapies.
Tahar Ben Jelloun’s La Punition, or the (re)presentation of incarceration as lived experience

This article examines Tahar Ben Jelloun’s La Punition (Gallimard, 2018), his first memoir about his imprisonment in 1966‐68, but not his first foray into la litterature carcerale; in 2001, Ben Jelloun published Cette aveuglante absence de lumiere, a fictionalized account based on the experience of Aziz Binebine, a former prisoner in Tazmamart. Cette aveuglante absence de lumiere received much critical acclaim internationally, but attracted as much controversy in Morocco. I describe the conditions of ‘les annees de plomb’, then I examine the debates surrounding Cette aveuglante absence de lumiere before analysing his testimonial La Punition, written over five decades after his release. How does La Punition differ from Cette aveuglante absence de lumiere in style and approach? What does Ben Jelloun write about candidly, so many years after the fact, and what does he elide? After addressing these questions, I demonstrate there is no serious reckoning with the structural systems that constrain Moroccan society, namely the monarchy and the army. While Ben Jelloun describes his imprisonment in detail, there is no unequivocal critique of royal power; while he criticizes the abuse of power by the army in the 1960s, he never overtly denounces the continued muzzling of detractors in contemporary Morocco.
“Sources and Journalists” Revisited: Proposing an Interdependent Approach to Source Use

This study analyzed print journalists’ perceptions of source use during the 2014 U.S. midterm elections. Rank-order measures required journalists to compare five prevalent source types, revealing p...
Phospholipase A2 receptor antibody mediated membranous nephropathy associated with cemiplimab

Background:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a fast growing therapy used in several types of malignancies. The majority of immune related adverse events observed in the kidney are due to acute...
A Study of Anecdotal Student Response to Virtual Art Museums in Online History Courses

This anecdotal pilot case study of practice addresses the question: How can technology be used to make online history courses more engaging with museums? Findings from this case study suggest that virtual art museums via the Google Cultural Institute (now Google Arts & Culture) were an effective way to encourage students to do more than the minimum required for the online forum response assignment in a survey (100-level) history course at a community college in the northwest United States. The instructor designed an assignment that was posted in the learning management system as a PDF. Implications for practice are that online instructors of history, as well as online instructors of humanities, can assign virtual art museum visits with an online discussion component to encourage student engagement centered on course content.
National estimates of mental health service use and unmet needs among adult cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND Cancer survivors are at elevated risk for developing mental health (MH) disorders. This study assessed MH service use and unmet service needs among a nationally representative sample of cancer survivors. METHODS Respondents aged 18 to 64 years were identified from the 2015-2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health data. Outcomes assessed past-year MH service use and self-reported unmet MH needs. Outcomes were compared between respondents who reported a cancer history (survivors) and those who did not (controls), descriptively and in adjusted analyses controlling for sociodemographic factors and health status. Analyses were stratified by age groups (18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 years). RESULTS Comparing 3540 survivors with 149,843 controls, within each age group, a higher proportion of survivors than controls received any MH service (P values < .05); this difference persisted among those aged 35 to 49 years (P = .004) in fully adjusted models. Moreover, a higher proportion of survivors than controls reported an unmet need for MH care; this difference was larger among young adults aged 18 to 34 years (20.8% vs 9.0%; P < .001) than those aged 35 to 49 years (9.4% vs 5.3%; P < .001) and 50 to 64 years (4.8% vs 3.4%; P = .029). In fully adjusted models, the survivor-control difference in self-reported unmet MH needs persisted among young adults (24% relative increase; P = .023). Among cancer survivors, young adult survivors had the highest likelihood of reporting unmet MH needs. CONCLUSIONS This nationally representative study found an increased perception of unmet needs for MH care among cancer survivors, particularly among young adult survivors, compared with the general population without cancer.
The Effects of COVID-19 and Depression in Adolescents.

Adolescents are a vulnerable population profoundly affected by mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as they face new challenges with social isolation, abuse and decreased access to care. The purpose of this letter is to discuss the effects of COVID -19 on adolescence, outline signs and symptoms of depression and screening tools clinician can use to identify depression in adolescents.
Molecular dopants: Tools to control the electronic structure of metal halide perovskite interfaces

In the standard configurations of metal halide perovskite solar cell, the active layer, or absorber, follows a p-i-n or n-i-p electronic structure that is designed to enhance the separation and extraction of photo-induced charge carriers. The control of the Fermi level position across the film, between electron and hole transport layers, is therefore of paramount importance. Direct localized doping in metal halide perovskites being still elusive, the design of n-i-p and p-i-n structures has so far relied predominantly on surface and interface doping of the perovskite as well as on the control of the work function of the substrate and transport layers on which, or between which, the absorber is being placed. We provide here a short review of that work, emphasizing the fundamental studies of electronic structure performed on systems modified with organic molecular dopants. The review starts with a justification for the effectiveness of interface doping, based on the ability to move the Fermi level across the gap of the perovskite. We then review work done on the deposition of molecular oxidants and reductants on perovskite surfaces, including the mitigation of the surface states, and the impact of these dopants on energy level alignment with substrate and charge transport layers. The second part of the review focuses on the use of molecular dopants to either modify the work function of electron or hole transport layers to establish the boundary conditions for a p-i-n or n-i-p structure, or to enhance the conductivity of these layers in order to facilitate charge carrier extraction. Final considerations are also given on recent work on bulk doping of the perovskite layer with molecular dopants.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Postoperative Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Hepatectomy.

The impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on postoperative outcomes following liver surgery is not well studied. The objective of the current study was to examine the association of MetS with individual perioperative outcomes, as well as the composite “textbook outcome” (TO) following liver resection for both benign and malignant indications. The Medicare 100% Standard Analytic Files were reviewed to identify Medicare beneficiaries who underwent hepatectomy between 2013 and 2017. The impact of MetS on complications, length of stay (LOS), 90-day readmission, 90-day mortality, and TO following hepatectomy was investigated. Among 13,898 patients who underwent hepatectomy, 2491 (17.9%) had MetS while 11,407 (82.1%) did not. Patients with MetS were more often male (59.1% vs 48.5%), Black (8.5% vs 6.6%), and had a diagnosis of cancer (69.9% vs 65.1%) (all p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, patients with MetS had higher odds of complications (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.28–1.55), 90-day readmission (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.40), and 90-day mortality (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.54). In turn, patients with MetS had markedly lower odds of TO following hepatectomy compared with non-MetS patients (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.70–0.83). Of note, patients with MetS had lower odds of TO after both minimally invasive (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.43–0.81) and open (OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.82) liver surgery. Individuals with MetS also had a higher overall expenditure during the index hospitalization compared with non-MetS patients ($19.9k USD vs. $18.8k USD, p<0.001). Patients with MetS had increased morbidity and mortality, as well as lower likelihood to achieve a TO following liver resection. MetS increased the operative risk and overall Medicare expenditures associated with hepatic resection.
Perspectives on the Inflammatory, Healing, and Foreign Body Responses to Biomaterials and Medical Devices

An overview presents early host responses to biomaterials immediately following implantation. Inflammation, wound healing, and foreign body reaction (FBR) constitute a tissue-response continuum occurring over the first days and weeks following implantation. The extent of tissue injury caused by implantation varies with implantation procedures and the host response can be time-dependent, organ-dependent, and species-dependent. Early resolution of acute and chronic inflammatory reactions lead to transient granulation tissue and wound healing, while a FBR at tissue/material interface is initiated by monocyte/macrophage adhesion with fusion of macrophages forming foreign body giant cells. Inflammation generally resolves in the first weeks following implantation leading to fibrous capsule development and fibrous encapsulation of the implant. The early host responses following implantation provide the basis for determining host–device biocompatibility and ultimately lead to success or failure of a biomaterial or medical device.
Technical challenges in using object oriented technology in aviation applications

When it comes to software engineering technologies, enthusiastic boasts about production efficiencies are more common than sober discussions about technical difficulties - that is the nature of marketing. However, understanding potential technical difficulties in new technologies is essential, particularly, when it comes to using these technologies in safety-critical systems. Such is the case with object oriented technology (OOT). In 2001, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) started the object oriented technology in aviation (OOTiA) project to facilitate safe use of OOT in aviation applications. A primary objective of the project was to identify and document safety and certification concerns about using OOT in compliance with RTCA/DO-178B software considerations in aircraft equipment and system certification. This work provides a brief survey of the technical challenges that have been identified so far.
INVESTIGATION OF AN INFANT BORN OF A MOTHER SUFFERING FROM CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER

The successful pregnancy and uncomplicated ated delivery of a healthy infant by a young woman suffering from severe cirrhosis of the liver is described. Serial liver function studies in the infant during the neonatal period suggested a degree of hepatic immaturity not dissimilar from that observed in normal newborn infants. Maternal serum alterations are compared with fetal and neonatal findings. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the fetus had a normal albumin concentration despite a low level in the mother. The serum γ-globulin was elevated in the fetus just as it was in the mother. Serum bilirubin was present in only ½ the concentration in the fetus as in the mother. Differences in lipoproteins and other high molecular weight components were found. The role of placental permeability in relation to these variations is discussed. Serial electrophoretic analyses during the neonatal period indicated a normal catabolic rate for the unusually elevated γ-globulin component in the infant [t½=20 days].
Earthworms and enchytraeids in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems: A biocide approach to assess their role in organic matter breakdown

Summary. Earthworm and enchytraeid densities and biomass were sampled over an 18-month period in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Overall, earthworm densities and biomass in the no-till system were 70% greater than under conventional tilling, and enchytraeid densities and biomass in the no-till system were 50%-6007o greater. To assess the role of annelids in the breakdown of soil organic matter, carbofuran was applied to field enclosures and target (earthworm and enchytraeid biomass, standing stocks of organic matter) and non-target effects (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematode and microarthropod densities, litter decay rates, plant biomass) were determined in two 10-month studies. In the winter-fall study, carbofuran reduced the annelid biomass, and total soil organic matter standing stocks were 47% greater under no-till with carbofuran compared to control enclosures. Twelve percent of the difference could have been due to non-target effects of carbofuran, as determined from litterbag decay rates. In the summer-spring study, carbofuran again significantly reduced the annelid biomass, and treated pens in the no-till area had significantly greater standing stocks of fine organic matter (43 % -45 07o). Although the densities of bacteria and nematodes were reduced in carbofuran-treated litterbags under a no-till system, the rates of decay were not reduced and estimates of the amount of organic matter processed could not be adjusted for non-target effects. A 7607o difference in the standing stock of coarse organic matter between control and carbofuran-treated pens in the conventional-till system indicated further non-target effects. We concluded that our estimates of the amount of organic matter processed by annelids in no-till and conventionally tilled agroecosystems represented a maxi
MicroRNA-494 Promotes Cyclosporine-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting PTEN

A major complication associated with cyclosporine (CsA) treatment is nephrotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether microRNAs play a role in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Treatment of mice with CsA resulted in nephrotoxicity that was associated with an early increase in expression of microRNA mmu-miR-494 (miR-494). Similarly, tubular epithelial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by CsA toxicity resulted in the upregulation of microRNA-494 and a decrease in PTEN levels in vitro. miR-494 directly targeted Pten and negatively regulated its expression. Preventing Pten targeting by miR-494 was sufficient to prevent CsA induced EMT. Knockdown of miR-494 prevented the downregulation of PTEN in tubular epithelial cells following CsA treatment and also prevented CsA induced EMT. Thus, miR-494 plays a major role in promoting CsA induced nephrotoxicity through its ability to target Pten thereby contributing to EMT. We suggest that manipulating miR-494 expression may represent a novel approach to preventing EMT associated with CsA induced nephrotoxicity.
Two-photon tomography [biological tissue imaging]

Summary form only given. Two-photon fluorescence and second harmonics are used to image subsurface structures of highly scattering biological tissues. Ultrashort laser pulses in the near-infrared spectra region were reflected by a dichroic beam splitter and then focused into tissue samples by an objective lens to generate a nonlinear optical signal. The generated nonlinear optical signal were collected by the same objective lens and passed through the bean splitter to a photomultiplier tube for detection.
Photocatalytic metal–organic frameworks for the aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids

A photocatalytic Ru complex was incorporated into a Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework (MOF) via postsynthetic methods. The resulting UiO-67-Ru(bpy)3 shows efficient and recyclable catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids under near-UV and visible light irradiation.
"It's a Dignity Thing": Nursing Home Care Workers' Use of Emotions.

This article examines how nursing home care workers use emotions to construct dignity at work. Previous scholarship has shown how the financial and organizational characteristics of nursing homes shape and constrain emotion work among staff. Using evidence gathered during 18 months of participant observation in two nursing homes and 65 interviews with staff, this article analyzes how, despite obstacles, nursing home care workers generated authentic emotional attachments to residents. Surprisingly, some staff members said they particularly appreciated working with residents difficult to control. They felt accomplished when such residents successfully transitioned from life at home to life in institutional care. Emotions created dignity for staff and induced compliance among residents. Emotions are not only generated by organizations and imposed on workers; staff themselves produced emotions—sometimes in ways consistent with organizational demands, and sometimes not—and they consistently found in their emotions a resource to manage the strains of their work lives.
Coherence-based coordinated checkpointing for software distributed shared memory systems

Fault-tolerant techniques that can cope with system failures in software distributed shared memory (SDSM) are essential for creating productive and highly available parallel computing environments on clusters of workstations. We propose a new, efficient coordinated checkpointing technique, called coherence-based coordinated checkpointing (CCC), for SDSM. Our CCC minimizes both the checkpointing overhead during failure-free execution and the cost of recovery from failures by leveraging existing coherence information maintained by SDSM. In the presence of system failures, it allows SDSM to recover from the most recent checkpoint, saving the re-computation time. We have performed experiments on a cluster of eight Sun Ultra-5 workstations, comparing our CCC technique against both simple coordinated checkpointing (SCC) and incremental coordinated checkpointing (ICC) techniques by actually implementing these techniques in TreadMarks, a stare-of-the-art SDSM system. The experimental results demonstrate that our CCC technique consistently outperforms both SCC and ICC techniques. In particular our technique increases the execution time slightly by 0.5% to 4% for a 2-minute checkpointing interval during failure-free execution, while SCC and ICC techniques result in the execution time overhead of 4% to 100% and 3% to 64%, respectively for the same checkpointing interval.
The Therapist's Notebook Volume 3: More Homework, Handouts, and Activities for Use in Psychotherapy

The Therapist's Notebook Volume 3 includes clinician field-tested activities for therapists who work with individuals, children and adolescents, couples, families, and groups. The reproducible handouts are designed to be practical and useful for the clinician, and cover the most salient topics that counselors are likely to encounter in their practices, with various theoretical approaches. Each chapter includes a "Reading and Resources for the Professional" section that guides readers toward useful books, videos, or websites that will further enhance their understanding of the chapter contents. This book is an excellent tool for both experienced and novice counselors for increasing therapeutic effectiveness.
A Monte Carlo study of the effect of polymer rigidity on adsorption behaviour

Abstract The effect of copolymer sequence distribution and stiffness on the adsorption–desorption transition and configuration of an adsorbed polymer chain is examined by Monte Carlo methods. Trends in the adsorption–desorption transition temperatures show that the transition temperature of the block and alternating copolymers are determined by entropic factors while the copolymers with a random sequence distribution (block-ran, random, or alt-ran, defined below) are controlled by enthalpic considerations. Analysis of the conformation of adsorbed chains and monomer density profiles suggests that utilizing an adsorbed rigid copolymer may be useful at tuning the properties of an interface in a multiphase material. A block copolymer can be utilized to affect substantial surface coverage and extensive expansion away from the surface. Additionally, an increase in the rigidity of the diblock chain will improve the expansion of the chain in all three dimensions. Alternatively, random copolymer structures offer a chain that will adopt a flatter adsorbed configuration that offers more efficient surface coverage. In this case, the expansion of the copolymer along the surface can be enhanced by increasing the stiffness of the chain with little or no change in the expansion away from the interface.
A System for GIS Polygonal Overlay Computation on Linux Cluster - An Experience and Performance Report

GIS polygon-based (also know as vector-based) spatial data overlay computation is much more complex than raster data computation. Processing of polygonal spatial data files has been a long standing research question in GIS community due to the irregular and data intensive nature of the underlying computation. The state-of-the-art software for overlay computation in GIS community is still desktop-based. We present a cluster-based distributed solution for end-to-end polygon overlay processing, modeled after our Windows Azure cloud-based Crayons system [1]. We present the details of porting Crayons system to MPI-based Linux cluster and show the improvements made by employing efficient data structures such as R-trees. We present performance report and show the scalability of our system, along with the remaining bottlenecks. Our experimental results show an absolute speedup of 15x for end-to-end overlay computation employing up to 80 cores.
Exploring the Relationship Between Religious Coping and Spirituality Among Three Types of Collegiate Substance Abuse

Religion and spirituality are protective factors against collegiate substance abuse; however, considering the variance among different types of drug abuse is important. We investigated religious coping and spirituality in relation to hazardous drinking, marijuana use, and psychostimulant use. Results indicated that positive religious coping and several dimensions of spirituality protect against hazardous drinking and marijuana use. Furthermore, differences in religious coping and spirituality may not exist between groups of psychostimulant users.
Scaling of cross sections in ion-atom collisions☆

Differential electron emission at 15{degrees} is investigated for 50-500 keV/amu hydrogen impacting on He and H targets. From hydrogen particles (H, H{sup +}, H{sub 2}{sup +}, H{sub 3}{sup +}) ratios of cross sections relative to proton impact data, it is shown how bound projectile electrons influence the differential electron emission and where different ionization mechanisms are important. It is demonstrated that the H{sub 2}{sup +} and H{sub 3}{sup +} molecular ions interact as though they are composed of independent nuclei with the appropriate number of bound electrons, the electronic structure of the components appearing to be unimportant.
The myeloma-associated oncogene fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is transforming in hematopoietic cells

Translocations involving fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( fgfr3 ) have been identified in about 25% of patients with myeloma. To directly examine the oncogenic potential of fgfr3 , murine bone marrow (BM) cells were transduced with retroviral vectors containing either wild-type fgfr3 or an activated mutant form of the receptor, fgfr3-TD . Mice transplanted with FGFR3-TD–expressing BM developed a marked leukocytosis and lethal hematopoietic cell infiltration of multiple tissues within 6 weeks of transplantation. Secondary and tertiary recipients of spleen or BM from primary fgfr3-TD mice also developed tumors within 6 to 8 weeks. Analysis of the circulating tumor cells revealed a pre-B-cell phenotype in most mice, although immature T-lymphoid or mature myeloid populations also predominated in some animals. Enhanced lymphoid but not myeloid colony formation was observed in the early posttransplantation period and only interleukin 7 and FGF-responsive pre-B-cell lines could be established from tumors. Cell expansions in primary recipients appeared polyclonal, whereas tumors in later passages exhibited either clonal B- or T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. Mice transplanted with wild-type FGFR3-expressing BM developed delayed pro-B-cell lymphoma/leukemias approximately 1 year after transplantation. These studies confirm that FGFR3 is transforming and can produce lymphoid malignancies in mice.
Iatrogenic Persistent Hypophosphatemia In A Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplant Recipient

Hypophosphatemia from renal phosphate wasting during the immediate postoperative kidney transplant period is common and improves with supplementation. We report a case of hypophosphatemia secondary to small bowel bypass surgery and over the counter antacid use in a patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) many years after simultaneous liver-kidney transplant (SLKT). A 43-year-old man with a history of alcoholic end-stage liver disease and hepatorenal syndrome status post SLKT 5 years prior presented with recurrent small bowel obstruction which persisted despite conservative treatment. Following exploratory laparotomy, he had a jejunal bypass surgery due to the intra-operative finding of jejunum adherent to a single mass. Due to the friability of the tissue, lysis of the adhesions was felt to be unsafe. Postoperatively, he developed hypophosphatemia and severe malnutrition due to short bowel syndrome. He required total parenteral nutrition which led to improvement in serum phosphorus. However, hypophosphatemia recurred and the lowest level of 1.1 mg/dl occurred during the transition from parenteral nutrition to partial enteral nutrition. On review of medication, he had been taking over the counter antacids for “indigestion”. Serum calcium was low normal and intact parathyroid hormone was within normal range. The patient also had vitamin D deficiency with a total 25-OH vitamin D of 23 ng/ml. The serum phosphorus improved after stopping antacids but remained persistently low normal despite oral supplementation, and he continues to require intermittent intravenous phosphate supplementation. Although hyperphosphatemia is common in CKD, hypophosphatemia can occur from overzealous dietary restrictions and use of phosphate binders. Aluminum hydroxide is a potent phosphate binder commonly found in over the counter antacids. Ongoing review of medications (both prescription and over the counter) is important to prevent hypophosphatemia. In addition, intestinal bypass, especially jejunal bypass, contributes to hypophosphatemia, and our case underscores the importance of the jejunum in phosphate absorption.
Determination of the β Solvus Temperature of the Aluminum Alloy 5083

A metallographic method was used to determine the solvus temperature of β phase in 5083 aluminum alloy. For a more accurate investigation, experiments were carried out from two directions. Consequently, the first reported actual solvus temperature of the Mg-rich phase in the alloy was determined to be 562.5 ± 1.5 K (289.5 ± 1.5 °C), which was 50 K (50 °C) higher than that of the commonly accepted value of the alloy 5083 deduced from the binary phase diagram. A new Cu-bearing phase in the alloy was also first identified metallographically with scanning electron microscopy and its implications in determining the β solvus temperature were discussed.
Stereotactic biopsy of brainstem mass lesions

Background Appropriate therapy of brainstem lesions is guided by accurate diagnosis. Because the majority of brainstem lesions are not amenable to surgical resection, stereotactic biopsy is an attractive method of obtaining pathological tissue. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy of brainstem mass lesions at our institution by the senior author (WAF) over a 10-year period ending in December 1993. Results Twenty-four patients ranging in age from 3 to 68 years underwent stereotactic biopsy of brainstem mass lesions at our institution by the senior author (WAF) over a 10-year period ending in December 1993. Results Twenty-four patients ranging in age from 3 to 68 years underwent stereotactic biopsy of mass lesions of the brainstem. Sixteen lesions were located primarily in the pons, 7 in the midbrain, and 1 in the medulla. Twenty-two of the biopsies were approached transfrontally and two were approached via the suboccipital transcerebellar route. Pathological diagnosis was made in 23 of the 24 patients. The histologic diagnosis was astrocytoma in 16 patients, metastasis in 3, lymphoma in 1, germinoma in 1, chordoma in 1, progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy in 1, and was nondiagnostic in 1. Complications included 1 case of increased hemiparesis, 1 case of obstructive hydrocephalus, and 1 death. Six patients were less than 20 years of age and in each of these patients the preoperative diagnosis was astrocytoma. In all of these patients the pathology revealed astrocytoma. In the adult patients the pathology was more varied, with 7 of the 18 patients having tumors or pathology other than astrocytoma. Conclusions The data suggest that, in adult patients, brainstem lesions are of varied pathology and stereotactic biopsy can provide adequate tissue for diagnosis. The data also suggest that the diagnosis of brainstem glioma in children can often be made without submitting the patient to the risk of surgery.