cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the deterministic travel time retrieval from cross-correlations of non-diffuse ambient noise.

Measurements of long-range cross-correlations of ambient noise underlie acoustic noise interferometry, a promising technique for passive remote sensing of the environment. Previously established simple, exact relations between deterministic Green’s functions and the cross-correlation function of perfectly diffuse noise do not necessarily hold for noise fields in the ocean and atmosphere. Here, the method of a stationary phase is applied to study the information content of the cross-correlation function of non-diffuse noise and to quantify the accuracy of passive measurements of the acoustic travel times.
Regional skin temperature changes in a rat model for the menopausal hot flush

Administration of naloxone to morphine-dependent male and female rats produced a significant rise in both tail skin temperature and foot temperature with a subsequent fall in colonic temperature. The magnitudes of the skin temperature surges were similar in the two regions, with the elevation in foot temperature preceding the rise in tail skin temperature. These regional skin temperature surges were similar in magnitude, duration and temporal pattern in both the male and female rat, and are similar to those exhibited in men and women undergoing flushing episodes. Castration of males did not alter these temperature responses. The only difference in response between male and female rats was the more pronounced fall in colonic temperature observed in morphine-dependent female rats following administration of naloxone. Neither the administration of naloxone to placebo-treated animals nor that of saline to morphine-dependent animals produced any changes in skin or colonic temperature in either male or female rats. These results suggest that the pattern of skin temperature alterations associated with morphine withdrawal in both the male and female rat is similar to the pattern of skin temperature surges associated with the hot flush in men and women, which provides additional evidence for the morphine-dependent rat as a model for women who exhibit flushing episodes. Additionally, this is the first report of a potential model for men who exhibit flushing episodes.
Expression of histamine H1 receptors on cultured histiocytic lymphoma cells

Abstract Histamine H 1 receptors were identified in U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cells using a radioligand binding technique with [ 3 H]mepyramine. Reversible high-affinity binding with this ligand was obtained, and specificity of binding for selected H 1 agonists and antagonists was demonstrated. Competition binding experiments with mepyramine and histamine yielded results consistent with singlesite binding for mepyramine and two-site binding for histamine. Dissociation constants for the high and low-affinity histamine binding states were 6.8 × 10 −6 and 2.4 × 10 −4 M respectively. The high-affinity state for histamine binding was abolished when the membranes were coincubated with 100 μM guanosine-5'- O -(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS). Saturation binding studies yielded an average of 66 fmol/ mg protein binding sites (6000 receptors per cell) with a [ 3 H]mepyramine K D of 9.6nM. When differentiation of these cells was induced by phorbol-myristate-acetate, receptor density increased by 73% to 114 fmol/mg protein. This increase in receptor density was inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Exposure of native and differentiated U937 cells to 10 −5 and 10 −4 M histamine for 24 hr resulted in a dose-dependent down-regulation in receptor density. The data indicate that U937 cells may provide a model cell line for the study of histamine receptor gene expression.
Some practical issues of adaptive GPU design

We study some practical applications in clinical trial of the adaptive optimal generalized Polya urn (GPU) design we recently proposed. We considered some common cases in clinical trial: delayed response, staggered/censored entry, heterogeneity and longitudinal/repeated observation. Asymptotic properties of these designs are studied.
Inhibition of the α and β Isoagglutinins in Anti-RH Serums

Results and SummaryAs may be seen in Table I, in the majority of serums the polysaccharide inhibited the α and β agglutinins when this was added to the serums to a concentration of 4%. The anti-Rh agglutinins remained unaltered. In serum No. 4, however, addition of polysaccharide to make a concentration of 12% was necessary in order to inhibit the β agglutinins. In serum No. 5 the β agglutinins could not be removed from the serum even after the addition of the polysaccharide to a concentration of 16%. Difficulty in removing the natural β isoagglutinins from some anti-Rh serums has been also encountered by Levine5 when the specific substances A and B were added to serums. Work is in progress to determine the relations that might exist between these non-absorbable natural isoantibodies and those resulting from isoimmunization to the different Rh types.The results of this study also confirm and extend the findings of Oliver-Gonzalez and Montilla indicating that the polysaccharide from Ascaris suum may be use...
MULTIVARIATE SPATIAL PREDICTION IN THE PRESENCE OF NON-LINEAR TREND AND COVARIANCE NON-STATIONARITY

When two or more spatial processes are punctually observed over a region, a multivariate predictor can account for spatial cross-covariance among the variables and thus potentially yield more reliable predictions and lower estimated prediction standard errors. If the spatial processes exhibit first- and/or second-order non-stationarity, however, standard cokriging-based predictors may not be adequate. A new cokriging-based multivariate predictor is presented capable of modelling non-linear trend, non-stationary spatial covariance, and the case where the covariable also enters as a covariate. This method is used to predict 1991 sulphate deposition over the conterminous US with the aid of the more spatially dense National Weather Service precipitation data. It is found that there are only small differences between sulphate predictions and estimated prediction standard errors and those computed under enforced zero cross-covariance. Failing to include the covariate effect of precipitation, however, results in non-negligible differences in such predictions and prediction standard error estimates.
Neurocysticercosis in pregnancy: a case initially diagnosed as eclampsia.

Abstract Background: Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system with the pork tapeworm’s cysticercus. Case: A 21-year-old Hispanic primigravida presented at 33 weeks’ gestation with acute onset of mental status changes preceded by headaches and emesis. She was transferred comatose to our institution with a diagnosis of postictal state secondary to eclampsia. Upon arrival, the patient developed anisocoria, papilledema, posturing, and hypertension. Neuroimaging showed an intraventricular cyst. The patient was treated with ventriculostomy, induction of labor, postdelivery shunting, albendazole, and prednisone. Conclusion: Neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pregnant patients with coma and/or seizures, especially if the patient has emigrated from or traveled to an endemic area. Albendazole, with shunt procedure, is the treatment of choice for intraventricular neurocysticercosis.
A vulnerable period of colchicine toxicity during goldfish optic nerve regeneration.

Abstract The effects of intraocular (i.o.) administration of the alkaloid colchicine on visual recovery following axotomy of the goldfish optic nerve were investigated. Under the experimental conditions used, control goldfish recovered vision, measured behaviorally, within 5–7 weeks of retro-orbital optic nerve crush. Fish injected i.o. with 0.1 μg of colchicine within 3 days of optic nerve crush (post-crush; PC) recovered vision after some delay relative to control fish, while injection with colchicine between 7 and 14 days PC produced a much more profound inhibition of recovery of vision, in most cases a complete block for the duration of the study (98 days). Further evidence for a delayed susceptibility of the regenerating optic nerve to colchicine following crush was reflected in a suppression of neurite outgrowth normally seen in explanted retinal tissue taken from PC goldfish. In addition, retrograde transport of the fluorescent dye 4-(4-didecylaminostyryl)- N -methylpyridinium iodide from the optic tectum to the retina as a measure of axonal continuity revealed substantially less labeling following i.o. administration of colchicine 1 week PC when compared to retinas from fish receiving colchicine at the time of optic nerve crush. Histological sections of the retina showed no evidence of residual retinal damage resulting from the colchicine injections or from interactions of axotomy and the drug administration. These results indicate a period of increased vulnerability of the regenerating visual system to the toxic effects of i.o. administered colchicine, beginning 3–5 days PC, and remaining until regenerating optic nerve fibers have begun to reach the tectum. While colchicine has many known effects on nerve function, it is proposed that the delayed susceptibility to disruption of regeneration observed in these experiments is largely, if not entirely, attributable to a colchicine-induced accumulation of tubulin heterodimers, which are known to block microtubule assembly and to participate in a feedback inhibition of tubulin synthesis. Thus, it is during the maximal induction of tubulin synthesis and of microtubule formation which normally occurs several days following axotomy that colchicine has its greatest effect. The results suggest that colchicine may be especially neurotoxic during neural development and regeneration.
Do chances receive equal treatment under the laws? Or : Must chances be probabilities?

I offer an argument regarding chances that appears to yield a dilemma: either the chances at time t must be determined by the natural laws and the history through t of instantiations of categorical properties, or the function ch(•) assigning chances need not satisfy the axioms of probability. The dilemma's first horn might seem like a remnant of determinism. On the other hand, this horn might be inspired by our best scientific theories. In addition, it is entailed by the familiar view that facts about chances at t are ontologically reducible to facts about the laws and the categorical history through t. However, that laws are ontologically prior to chances stands in some tension with the view that chances are governed by laws just as categorical-property instantiations are. The dilemma's second horn entails that if chances are in fact probabilities, then this is a matter of natural law rather than logical or conceptual necessity. I conclude with a suggestion for going between the horns of the dilemma. This suggestion involves a generalization of the notion that chances evolve by conditionalization.
Combined effects of the structural heterogeneity and dynamics of flaviviruses on antibody recognition.

ABSTRACT Flaviviruses are thought to sample an ensemble of structures at equilibrium. One consequence of a structurally dynamic virion is the observed time-dependent increases in neutralization sensitivity that can occur after prolonged incubation with antibody. Differences in how virus strains “breathe” may affect epitope exposure and contribute to the underlying mechanisms of strain-dependent neutralization sensitivity. Beyond the contribution of structural dynamics, flaviviruses exist as a structurally heterogeneous population due to an inefficient virion maturation process. Here, we investigate the interplay between virion maturation and structural dynamics that contributes to antibody-mediated neutralization. Using West Nile (WNV) and dengue (DENV) viruses produced under conditions that modify the extent of virion maturation, we investigated time-dependent changes in neutralization sensitivity associated with structural dynamics. Our results identify distinct patterns of neutralization against viruses that vary markedly with respect to the extent of virion maturation. Reducing the efficiency of virion maturation resulted in greater time-dependent changes in neutralization potency and a marked reduction in the stability of the particle at 37°C compared to more mature virus. The fact that the neutralization sensitivity of WNV and DENV did not increase after prolonged incubation in the absence of antibody, regardless of virion maturation, suggests that the dynamic processes that govern epitope accessibility on infectious viruses are reversible. Against the backdrop of heterogeneous flavivirus structures, differences in the pathways by which viruses “breathe” represent an additional layer of complexity in understanding maturation state-dependent patterns of antibody recognition. IMPORTANCE Flaviviruses exist as a group of related structures at equilibrium that arise from the dynamic motion of E proteins that comprise the antigenic surface of the mature virion. This process has been characterized for numerous viruses and is referred to as viral “breathing.” Additionally, flaviviruses are structurally heterogeneous due to an inefficient maturation process responsible for cleaving prM on the virion surface. Both of these mechanisms vary the exposure of antigenic sites available for antibody binding and impact the ability of antibodies to neutralize infection. We demonstrate that virions with inefficient prM cleavage “breathe” differently than their more mature counterparts, resulting in distinct patterns of neutralization sensitivity. Additionally, the maturation state was found to impact virus stability in solution. Our findings provide insight into the complex flavivirus structures that contribute to infection with the potential to impact antibody recognition.
Actual energy savings after retrofit: Electrically heated homes in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract The Bonneville Power Administration operated an interim Residential Weatherization Program during 1982 and 1983 throughout the Pacific Northwest. The program offered free home energy audits and financial incentives to help pay for installation of recommended retrofit measures in electrically heated homes. Almost 104,000 homes were retrofit during the two years the program operated at a cost to BPA of almost $160 million. This study analyzes actual electricity savings for about 1000 homes that participated in the BPA program in 1982 or 1983. The data for each household include electric utility bills for one year before and one year after retrofit; daily temperature data for weather stations near these households; energy audit reports and postinstallation inspection forms; and information on household demographics, structure characteristics, and heating fuels from surveys conducted in Fall 1983 and June 1984. The major factors related to actual household electricity savings after retrofit are: preretrofit electricity use, audit estimate of electricity saving for measures installed, changes in electricity prices, and changes in primary or supplemental heating fuels (especially shifts to and from wood). Together, these factors explain no more than half the variation across households in actual savings.
Measuring depression in hospitalized, medically ill, older adults

Studies have consistently shown high prevalence rates of depression associated with negative medical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes in hospitalized, medically ill, older adults. Several issues pose challenges to measurement of depression in this population. In particular, symptoms simultaneously attributable to both medical illness and psychiatric problems may confound measurement of depression, and there is no distinct boundary between normal and abnormal symptoms. This article critiques prevalence research methods used to measure depression in hospitalized, medically ill, older adults and makes recommendations regarding future measurement approaches in both research and clinical practice. Through the identification of appropriate methods for measurement of depression in this population, psychiatric nurses can make a valuable contribution in this area of research as well as enhance effective case-finding and evaluation of depression in older, hospitalized, medically ill patients in the clinical setting.
Scleroderma: a prosthetic problem.

Abstract A brief review of the symptoms and manifestations of scleroderma has been presented. The dental problems which may be encountered are also described.
NMR detection using laser-polarized xenon as a dipolar sensor

Hyperpolarized Xe-129 can be used as a sensor to indirectly detect NMR spectra of heteronuclei that are neither covalently bound nor necessarily in direct contact with the Xe atoms, but coupled through long-range intermolecular dipolar couplings. In order to reintroduce long-range dipolar couplings the sample symmetry has to be broken. This can be done either by an asymmetric sample arrangement, or by breaking the symmetry of the spin magnetization with field gradient pulses. Experiments are performed where only a small fraction of the available Xe-129 magnetization is used for each point, so that a single batch of xenon suffices for the point-by-point acquisition of a heteronuclear NMR spectrum. Examples with H-1 as analyte nucleus show that these methods have the potential to obtain spectra with a resolution that is high enough to determine homonuclear J couplings. The applicability of this technique with remote detection is discussed.
LEAF XEROMORPHY IN DICOTYLEDON SPECIES FROM A GYPSUM SAND DEPOSIT

THE STRUCTURAL modifications of xeromorphic leaves result from a restricted water supply, excessive water loss (Maximov, 1929), intense light (Clements, 1905; Shirley, 1929; Turrell, 1940) or low nitrogen (Mothes, 1932). Xeromorphic sun leaves in particular are characterized by a decreased ratio of external surface to volume. Shade leaves of Rhuts toxicodendron L. growing in moist dunes of a maple forest are five times the area of those from a sandy level with few trees, and compactness of the spongy mesophyll varies directly with xerophily of habitat (Turner, 1923). Reduced external leaf surface is accompanied by increased thickness, resulting from a greater development of palisade at the expense of a laterally expanding spongy mesophyll (Schimper, 1903; Maximov, 1929). Plants grown in sunlight develop longer palisade cells in more rows than in shade leaves of the same species, forming 77 per cent more cell substance in the leaf mesophyll (Hormann, 1927). Trichomes, a heavy cuticle, and water storage tissue are also especially characteristic of many xeromorphic leaves. Certain of these modifications establish conditions favorable to an increased photosynthetic rate, and often to an accelerated transpiration rate as well (Maximov, 1931). LOCALE.-This deposit of drifting gypsum crystals covers 224 sq. mi. south and west of Alamogordo, New Mexico, at an altitude around 4000 ft. Over an area approximately 28 mi. long and 8-10 mi. wide, white dunes 20-40 ft. high alternate with narrow flats. The southern extremity of the area, including 40 per cent of the dunes (Schaffner, 1948), was set aside in 1933 as the White Sands National Monument.2 Most of the dunes are fairly well stabilized, moving only a few inches to a few feet each year. The gypsum being heavier than other materials present, it is winnowed by the wind and remains in the dune area while darker, lighter weight impurities are blown free of the drifts (Schaffner, 1948). The sand in the dunes is 9697 per cent calcium sulfate (Coville and MacDougal, 1903; Byers, 1936), the water table in the flats lies 2-3 ft. below the surface (Emerson, 1935), and the soil pH is 7.5 (Byers, 1936). Only one of the numerous tests by soil chemists has shown traces of nitrogen in any form (Emerson, 1935). The maximum temperature recorded at headquarters between 1933 and 1948 was 108?F., the minimum -80F., and the average annual temperature was approximately 600F. (Schaffner, 1948).
Research and Application of Adaptive Assembly Methods

Based on the principle of association and parameter-driven, adaptive assembly method of Components and parts is presented. Firstly, assembled relationship is predefined in the system. Then assembled parts to be assembled, the pre-defined relationships are detected in assembly environment. Followed the assembly constraints and size are determined according to the pre-defined relationship. If the part assembly-dimension does not match the size, the assembly-dimension is automatically changed to match interface size. The adaptive assembly of parts and components is completed. Finally, the the above-mentioned functions is achieved via the secondary development of SolidWorks and prototype application example is given.
Application of UNIFAC–vdW–FV model to water–PEO systems

Abstract The recently introduced UNIFAC–vdW–FV model has been extended to account for the molecular weight effect in water–PEO systems, one of the most important polymer systems. New groups have been defined and new interaction parameters have been regressed. The UNIFAC–vdW–FV model is able to predict the significant end-group effect in these low molecular weight water–PEO systems.
Synthetic discriminant function filter performance evaluations

Synthetic Discriminant Functions have had several different names over the last ten years of their development from the earliest type called linear combinatorial filters to one of the latest versions called the minimum average correlation energy filter. The ten years of development produced many different variations and efforts toward significant advancement over two dimensional matched filters. Most of this filter development was oriented toward optical implementations however the test results presented here are selected from many filters tested digitally and are considered exemplary of the major types for use in both optical and digital implementations. 2. SDF Development Stages We categorize three major stages in SDF development each of which is considered an improvement over the Standa SDF using N training Images d long previous one. The original or first SDF where d " N. method is a linearly combined reference N set'' using the technique outlined In h . a. . SDF filter Figure 12. liii The limitation of this original T v approach Is that the correlation surface is 1 not guaranteed to be anything specific or N T N defined except at the registered position. In 1 a X1 X V1 a A j123 - - - N other words there is no control over the Ri i1 output correlation surface except at one point. This result is of course in general . much different than matched filter would a R V produce and was not very useful until phase encoding schemes were introduced. 3 The values of v1 t The are the training Images. The phase only encoding shown in ______________________________ Figure 2 and the binary phase encoding Figure 1 produce dramatically improved results. 110 / SPIE Vol 1297 Hybrid Image and Signal Processing /1(1990)© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reciprocal Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine in Smoking Cessation Treatment Studies

Abstract Objective Smoking and alcohol use are highly related; as such the present study investigated whether alcohol use is associated with failure in tobacco cessation attempts. We first examined the self-reported drinking behavior and smoking over the course of a year at a basic level. Next, we addressed two hypotheses to characterize this relationship at a deeper level: (Hypothesis 1) Alcohol use would be lower for those who attempted to quit smoking (quit for one or more days) during the year compared to those who never quit, and (Hypothesis 2) for those who relapsed to smoking after a quit increases in alcohol consumption would be positively associated with increases in smoking. Method Subjects were participants in two smoking cessation programs. One group of participants (N = 139) was part of a smoking cessation study in alcohol dependent smokers in early recovery and the other group of participants (N = 163) was drawn from a smoking cessation study for HIV positive smokers. H1 was tested using t-tests. For H2 , a time series analysis examined relationships between smoking and alcohol use within person over a one year period. For H1 and for H2 , the analyses utilized bivariate time series procedures. Timeline follow-back data allowed for detailed daily reports of both tobacco and alcohol use. Results In the overall sample, there was no difference in alcohol use between those who stopped smoking and those who never stopped. However, when broken up by study, a difference was found in the alcohol dependent sample such that mean drinks were higher for those who stopped compared to those who never stopped smoking ( H1 ). The results indicated a high number of positive significant cross-correlations between tobacco and alcohol use such that one substance predicted current, as well as past and future use of the alternate substance. Same-day cross-correlations were the most common, and dissipated with time ( H2 ). Conclusions This analysis provided insights into the proximal influence of one substance on the other. Alcohol is related to relapse in smoking cessation attempts. It is important that smoking cessation efforts in alcohol using populations consider alcohol use in treatment.
Control and effects of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions in BiCaSrCuO glasses

The influence of glass preparation on the Cu(I)/Cutotal ratio in BiCaSrCuO glasses has been investigated. It was found that copper ions in the glasses exist mainly in the Cu(I) ionic state. Additionally, the Cu(I)/Cutotal ratio increases with the glass melting temperature and changes slightly with copper oxide content. The number of glass network units, [BiO3] pyramids, decreases in the BiCaSrCuO glasses when the Cu(I)/Cutotal ratio and copper oxide content increase. As a consequence of these changes the glass transition temperature, Tg, and the glass crystallization temperature, Tx, decrease and the glass becomes thermally unstable: the value of (Tx − Tg) of the glass decreases. The initial crystalline phase from these glasses in the Bi2Sr2CuOy phase. The glasses with the lower Cu(I)/Cutotal ratio from larger crystalline.
The mechanical energy transformations of pole vaulting with a fiberglass pole.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relative changes in kinetic and potential energy which occurred during the performance of vaults with a fiberglass pole. A 16mm camera was used to film four college pole vaulters during practice over a four-week period. Measurements were made of nine segmental centers of gravity and pole bend from every fifth frame of the best four vaults by each subject. A computer program was developed to calculate from these basic data the following biomechanical components: The vaulter's center of gravity (segmental method), vertical and horizontal velocities, kinetic and potential energies, predicted height, adjusted predicted height, actual height, and vertical energy gained. The decrease in kinetic energy and the increase in potential energy occur at different rates during the vault. The fiberglass pole provides an effective means of transforming kinetic energy to potential energy throughout the vault. Vaulters achieve certain heights by distributing the losses in kinetic energy and gains in potential energy in specific energy patterns.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid: ten years experience in a community teaching hospital.

We present our experience of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of the thyroid in a community hospital setting and discuss the cancer probability of the indeterminate FNA results. There were 1,621 FNAs, 401 of which have follow-up thyroidectomies during a 10-yr period. The initial FNA diagnoses of these 401 cases were benign non-neoplastic (BNN) 159, malignant 34, atypical 33, suspicious 19, follicular neoplasm (FN) 88, follicular lesion (FL) 51, and inadequate 17. There were no false-positive cases. Cancer was found in 11 cases diagnosed as BNN (7%), 6 cases were due to sampling errors (incidental microcarcinomas), and 5 cases were due to failure to identify focal atypia in the smears of a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. The falsenegative rate was 3%, with the exclusion of cases of incidental microcarcinomas. Among the indeterminate FNA results, the follow-up operations revealed malignant tumors in 16 of 33 (48%) cases of atypical, 13 of 19 (68%) cases of suspicious, 29 of 88 (33%) cases of FN, and 7 of 51 (14%) cases of FL. Malignant tumors were also found in 2 of 17 (12%) of inadequate specimens with follow-up. When compared to the cancer rate (3%) for FNA diagnosis of BNN, the likelihood of finding cancer in the thyroidectomy is 5 times more for a FL, 11 times more for a FN, 16 times more for atypical, and 23 times more for suspicious. The sensitivity and specificity are 87 and 100%, respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:93–96. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies of a methotrexate binding protein fraction from L1210 lymphocyte plasma membranes.

Abstract [ 14 C ]- N -ethylmaleimide has been used to label binding sites for methotrexate in the plasma membranes of L 1210 cells previously ‘protected’ from reaction with unlabeled N -ethylmaleimide by the presence of methotrexate. A [ 14 C ]- N -ethylmaleimide labeled protein of molecular weight 56,000 was subsequently identified by electrophoresis of crude plasma membranes in sodium dodecyl sulfate containing polyacrylamide gels. Sepharose—methotrexate affinity chromatography was used to isolate an active methotrexate binding protein fraction from L 1210 lymphoma cell plasma membranes. This protein fraction was isolated from crude plasma membrane preparations and from a detergent extract of intact cells. The latter method carried out in the presence of 0.01% TritonX- 100 permits the rapid extraction of plasma membrane proteins from intact L 1210 cells in the absence of extensive cellular destruction. The methotrexate binding capacity of the extracted protein material has been demonstrated. The protein fraction purified by affinity chromatography contains 3 major protein components of molecular weights 67,000, 63,000 and 56,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.
Aggregation and molecular conformation of doped polyaniline in chloroform solution

Abstract The UV/Vis spectrum of a freshly made chloroform solution of polyaniline (emeraldine base) doped by d,l-camphorsulfonic acid after filtration through a 0.22 μm filter has a localized polaron peak at ~730 nm. After stirring for ~72 hours at room temperature, this localized polaron peak shifts to ~810 nm. A change in color from “blue-green” to green can be observed visually. The GPC chromatogram of the freshly made solution in CHCl3 shows a small high molecular weight peak (retention time, ~31 min), in addition to the major polyaniline peak (retention time, ~33 min). After ~72 hours stirring, this small peak disappears. It is postulated that both the freshly-made and aged solutions are comprised of doped polyaniline, the former containing aggregates (due to H-bonding) of single molecules having larger hydrodynamic volumes than the polyaniline comprising the major peak. The polymer represented by the smaller “high molecular weight” peak slowly becomes disentangled in solution.
“Micellar” catalysis in the aqueous intermolecular diels-alder reaction: rate acceleration and enhanced selectivity

Abstract The intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions employing dienophiles 1 and 5 with diene 2 have been examined in water. The significantly enhanced rates, as well as the improved selectivity observed in water stand in sharp contrast to the results observed in hydrocarbon solvents.
Bottom-up Photonic Crystal Lasers

The directed growth of III–V nanopillars is used to demonstrate bottom-up photonic crystal lasers. Simultaneous formation of both the photonic band gap and active gain region is achieved via catalyst-free selective-area metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on masked GaAs substrates. The nanopillars implement a GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs axial double heterostructure for accurate, arbitrary placement of gain within the cavity and lateral InGaP shells to reduce surface recombination. The lasers operate single-mode at room temperature with low threshold peak power density of ∼625 W/cm2. Cavity resonance and lasing wavelength is lithographically defined by controlling pillar pitch and diameter to vary from 960 to 989 nm. We envision this bottom-up approach to pillar-based devices as a new platform for photonic systems integration.
Characteristics of Local Pion-Nucleus Potentials That Are Equivalent to Kisslinger-Type Potentials

Abstract The Krell–Ericson transformation provides a local potential that is exactly equivalent to the nonlocal Kisslinger-type potential. The associated scattering wave functions are related by a Perey factor. We examine the properties of examples of these local potentials, based upon low-order multiple scattering theory, at energies ranging from 20 to 291 MeV. The radial shapes of the potentials may display considerable structure in the nuclear surface. The general characteristics of the local real potentials reproduce the five features identified by Friedman from his model-independent analysis of pion scattering data. The Perey factors show a simple, mostly monotonic, behavior.
Objectively Measured Hyperactivity—I. Comparison With Normal Controls

Seventy-five normal (control) children were compared to 15 hyperactive children on a Continuous Performance Test over an eight-week period. The control children were observed to have a relatively constant number of correct responses, chair movements, and reaction times throughout the testing period. However, when the hyperactive children were differentiated according to their scores on the Conner's Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire, those children scoring one standard deviation above the normative mean were later revealed to have more errors of commission and omission, chair movements, and a longer reaction time than did the normal control children.
Thermoviscoelastic analysis of residual stresses and warpage in composite laminates

Linear thermoviscoelastic lamination theory was used to determine resid ual stresses and warpage in multidirectional woven-glass/epoxy laminates. The single "unidirectional" layer of the material was characterized by means of an accelerated proce dure. The material was assumed to be thermorheologically simple and the time-tempera ture superposition principle (TTSP) was used to obtain "master curves" for the viscoelastic properties.A numerical procedure was developed for determination of residual stresses and warp age, taking into consideration the irreversible polymerization shrinkage and boundary conditions during curing. Warpage was measured experimentally for [06/906] and [011/30] laminates using the projection moire method and results were in good agreement with the analytical prediction.
Should Counseling Be Considered a Health Care Profession? Critical Thoughts on the Transition to a Health Care Ideology

The counseling profession has increasingly identified with health care ideology. The logical justifications for this transition are critically examined. Ideological and practical consequences of the health care transition are also considered. The author concludes that the usual ways of justifying the transition to health care are insufficient and that this transition has generally had negative consequences for the counseling profession.
Gain in spinal height from surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: A relationship between spinal distraction and correction of the curvature of scoliosis has long been recognized. While attempts have been made to define the height that is lost with progression of scoliosis, much less information is available to define the height that is gained as a result of surgical correction of the curve and to quantify additional spinal growth after spine fusion. Methods: The present study included 116 patients (mean age, 14.8 years) who underwent spinal instrumentation and fusion for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. The study group included ninety-one female patients and twenty-five male patients; all Lenke curve types were represented. The Cobb angle and the T1-L5 spinal height were evaluated on preoperative, postoperative, and two-year follow-up radiographs. Kyphosis, lordosis, and T1-L5 spinal length were measured on lateral radiographs. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) questionnaire was completed prior to surgery and at each visit. Multivariate linear regression defined the relationship between spinal height gain, Cobb angle correction, and other variables as well as final spinal height. Results: The mean spinal height gain due to surgery was 27.1 mm (median, 25.1 mm; interquartile range, 14.5 to 37.9 mm; range, −3.8 to 66.1 mm). The magnitude of curve correction (mean, 38.2°; range, 6° to 67°), the number of vertebral levels fused (mean, 9.9; range, three to sixteen), and the preoperative stature (standing height) of the patient were all significant predictors (p < 0.01) of spinal height gain (R2 = 0.8508 for multivariate model). The mean changes in kyphosis and lordosis were small and were not significant predictors. An additional 4.6 mm of mean spinal height was gained at the time of the two-year follow-up; this increase was significantly related to young age, male sex, shorter fusions, and a Risser stage of ≤2 at the time of surgery (p < 0.01 for all in multivariate analysis). The SRS-30 scores improved significantly (p < 0.0001), independent of spinal height gain. Conclusions: Patients undergoing surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis gain substantial height related to the magnitude of surgical correction, the number of levels fused, and preoperative stature. Continued spine growth by two years after surgery is associated with shorter fusions, skeletal immaturity, young age, and male sex. Height gain is a quantifiable outcome of the surgical correction of scoliosis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PSYCHOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF PHILOSOPHY

This paper was originally published in Metaphilosophy, Vol. 20, Nos. 3 & 4, July/October, 1989, pp. 295-305. For readers wishing to cite the journal’s pagination, the journal’s page numbers are enclosed in braces—e.g., {297} appears at the beginning of text on page 297 in the journal. (The publisher requires that the following statement be included: “The definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.com.”)
The replication time and pattern of the liver cell in the growing rat.

Three-week-old male rats of the Wistar strain were given tritiated thymidine, 1 µc/gm body weight, intraperitoneally and were killed at intervals from 0.25 to 72 hours later. Autoradiographs were made from 5 µ sections, stained by the Feulgen method. The replication time and its component intervals were determined from the scoring of the labeling of interphase nuclei as well as of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase nuclei. Absorption of the intraperitoneally injected label is rapid and is attended by "flash" labeling during interphase. The results show that at any one time about 4 per cent of the liver cells are synthesizing DNA preliminary to cell division. These cells alternate with waves of other cells and it is estimated that about 10 per cent of the liver cell population is engaged in cell duplication. The replication time is about 21.5 hours, and its component intervals occupy the following times: DNA synthesis, 9 hours; post-DNA synthesis gap, 0.50 hour; prophase, 1.3 hours; metaphase, 1.0 hour; anaphase, 0.4 hour; telophase, 0.3 hour; postmitosis gap, 9.0 hours. A group of liver cells has been recorded in at least 3 successive replication cycles.
A noncommercial protein sequencing instrument.

Abstract A protein sequenator designed from the theory of Edman and Begg is described. The instrument may be constructed from commercially available components and a few custom-machined items. Its construction cost is comparatively low while its operating cost is similar to commercial machines. A number of changes has been incorporated into Edman's original description in an attempt to simplify and improve upon the original design. This instrument has been found to be a reliable and useful tool in elucidating the primary structure of protein molecules.
Astrophysics: The awakening of a cosmic monster

Most galaxies harbour giant black holes; some are 'silent' whereas others produce copious amounts of radiation. The awakening of a silent monster has just been witnessed as it breaks apart and swallows a nearby star. See Letters p.421 & p.425 Two groups report observations of the X-ray source Swift J164449.3+573451, which was discovered when it triggered the Swift Burst Alert Telescope on 28 March 2011. Burrows et al. report that the source has increased in brightness in the X-ray band more than 10,000-fold since 1990, and by more than 100-fold since early 2010. They conclude that we are observing the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. Zauderer et al. arrive at a similar conclusion based on their observation of a radio transient associated with the source, and extensive monitoring at centimetre to millimetre wavelengths during the first month of its evolution. They estimate the mass of the black hole at around 106 solar masses.
Special Issue of Aerosol Science and Technology for Air Pollution and Health: Bridging the Gap from Sources-to-Health Outcomes

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six principal air pollutants (“criteria” pollutants): carbon monoxide (CO), lead (P...
Antiferromagnetism in the two-dimensional Hubbard model.

Magnetic properties of the two-dimensional Hubbard-model are inferred from results of Monte Carlo simulations. Lattice sizes up to 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 and temperatures down to $T=\frac{t}{20}$ ($t=\mathrm{hopping}$) were studied. The half-filled system is found to exhibit antiferromagnetic long-range order for all values of the Coulomb repulsion $U$. The low-temperature magnetic properties are found to be well described by spin-wave theory with renormalized local moment and spin-wave velocity. Numerical evidence presented suggests that when doped the system loses the long-range order immediately away from half filling.
Diabetic nephropathy: which teenagers are at risk and how can risk be minimised

Microalbuminuria is the first marker of renal damage in T1DM but does not invariably progress to diabetic nephropathy and may be reversed in some patients. An annual measurement of albumin to creatinine ratio in an early morning urine sample is recommended, with serial daily samples used to confirm increased excretion and early institution of ACEi and/or AIIrb to treat persistent microalbuminuria. Good glycaemic control from diagnosis is essential for good long term renal function. Aggressive treatment of hypertension reduces the rate of renal decline once diabetic nephropathy is established.
DEAE cellulose chromatographic characterization of canine serum.

Abstract Canine serum samples were fractionated on DEAE cellulose using a continuous gradient system to establish a representative chromatographic pattern for normal dog serum. Serum samples were separated using decreasing pH (8.4–4.5) and increasing molarity (0.01–0.3 m ) phosphate gradient and the elution pattern was obtained by spectrophotometric (280 nm) analysis of fractions. In preparative separations individual fractions were also analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis to determine the content of IgG immunoglobulins, transferrin and albumin. The results demonstrate a distinctly different chromatographic pattern from that of human serum. The size of the first eluting peak and the position of subsequent peaks of canine serum differ from human serum chromatograms. Fraction analyses demonstrate that this difference is due in part to the content of the various peaks and indicates a difference in electrophoretic mobility of corresponding serum proteins. In addition, canine IgGa was separated free of other immunoglobulins by rechromatographing the first peak using this gradient system.
Image draping for planar surfaces extracted from point clouds

This paper presents an algorithm for aligning 2D video to 3D point clouds. The paper is a vignette of on-going research in the area of 3D Urban Environment Modelling. The aim of this research is to produce accurate, fast and useable 3D maps of the dynamic urban environment. Paper presents development of the algorithm followed by the processing and implementation procedure to produce a realistic 3D model of an urban environment model from 3D point cloud and RGB video collected by the system. To allow further discussion the paper concludes with the results of draping 2D video frames to a solid surface developed from 3D point clouds.
Analysis of risk taking in adults with a history of high risk behavior

Antisocial behavior often involves frequent risk-taking, e.g. excessive substance use and criminality, which may lead to destructive consequences. In the present study, adults with a history of high-risk behavior (primarily drug dependence and conduct disorder) and matched controls worked on a novel laboratory task designed to measure risk-taking. The contingencies of the task were such that choosing a 'risky' response option resulted in a net loss of monetary earnings compared to a safer, more conservative response alternative. The risky option offered a low probability of a large monetary reward or a high probability of a smaller monetary loss. The non-risky option protected current earnings. High-risk history subjects chose the risky option more often, had lower overall earnings, and were more likely to persist in making (losing) risky responses following a single gain on the risky option. The data support theories of maladaptive behavior focused on hypersensitivity to reward and insensitivity to aversive events.
A device for the easy administration of volatile anesthetics to rats undergoing stereotaxic surgery

Conventional procedures do not provide a practical method for the administration of volatile anesthetics such as halothane to rats while they are undergoing stereotaxic surgery. This paper describes a device which meets this need and which is easy and inexpensive to construct. A two-piece cylinder cut from the mouth of a polyethylene bottle forms a closed system around the muzzle of a rat and does not interfere with the stereotaxic apparatus or with the operation itself. The cylinder is attached to any standard device for the dispension of volatile anesthetics. The immediate advantage is that behavioral assesaments can be made relatively soon after surgery.
Policy, law, and public opposition: the prospects for abyssal ocean waste disposal in the United States

The ocean is one of several media available for the disposal of society's wastes. Recently, its use for this purpose has been curtailed sharply. In this paper, we describe the potential role of the ocean in an economically optimal multimedia waste disposal framework, review international agreements and U.S. laws regulating ocean disposal, and discuss the role of public perceptions and environmental agendas in present policies governing ocean disposal. Our focus is on the disposal in the abyssal ocean of wastes such as sewage sludge. We conclude that while the U.S. ban on ocean waste disposal may be reasonable in view of uncertainties about environmental costs, the effective ban on limited disposal for research purposes is more difficult to justify. A restoration of public trust in government institutions and in the waste management industry is a likely prerequisite for the relaxation of public opposition to any change in the present prohibitions.