cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of rotor faults in three phase induction machines

The detection of broken rotor bars in three-phase induction machines by means of current signature analysis is simulated by transient analysis. Expressions are derived for all self- and mutual-inductances between individual stator coils and rotor bar loops. This detailed modeling allows for greater precision in identifying the magnitude and frequency of the current harmonics present under fault conditions. Computations were performed using the trapezoidal method. The results of this analysis are in agreement with results presented in the literature.
Chromatin-associated proteins of the developing sea urchin embryo. II. Acid-soluble proteins.

Abstract Of the five well-characterized histories, only the slightly lysine-rich histories F2a and F2b are present in sea urchin embryos before the 16-cell stage. At the 16-cell stage, the arginine-rich (F3) and lysine-rich (Fla) histones appear and all the major histones are then present in the same relative proportions until the pluteus stage except for a second lysine-rich protein, Flb, which is first detected at 12 to 16 hours of development and increases to the pluteus stage. From 16 cells to pluteus at 70 hours, all the histones are labeled by a 30-minute incubation with radioactive lysine, with the exception of the lysine-rich histone Fla which does not incorporate label after 20 to 30 hours of development and Fib which is labeled only after 20 to 30 hours. Fla is conserved, however, to the pluteus stage. The total acid-soluble protein content of chromatin remains constant to 22 hours of development. During the period of 22 to 45 hours, there is a slight loss of protein followed by a rapid loss from 45 to 70 hours such that at 70 hours only 20% remains.
Web Site Design

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Web Server Reliability Analysis Web Client Reliability Analysis Communication Reliability Analysis Total System Reliability Analysis Summary and Conclusions References
TOWARD DEVELOPING A PROFILE OF SUICIDE TERRORISTS: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS*

Our major objective in this paper is to report findings of a small scale study aimed at developing an initial and general profile of suicide terrorists in the contemporary world. We employed Delphi procedures for listing characteristics and behaviors of suicide terrorists at psychological, demographic, economic. and sociopolitical levels of analysis. We first based their initial listing on the existing literature and media reports. which was then handed over to a panel of 73. 'experts' in personal interviews conducted in two rounds. Our respondents finalized a list of 48 characteristics of suicide terrorists grouped under three major heading. Our research was guided by the sociological perspective and appears to have a suggestive role for future studies by providing several useful ideas on the subject of suicide terrorism.
Implementation of JPEG Processors

Among the image compression standards, the baseline JPEG is the easiest to implement in hardware. The first single-chip JPEG processor was introduced by C-Cube Microsystems in 1990. JPEG processors can be found now in a variety of image and video processing systems, such as video editing equipment and digital cameras.
Cancer genomics and the TCGA project

Large-scale cancer genomics projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genomics Consortium (ICGC) will sequence tens of thousands of tumors in the new few years, along with matched normal blood samples and other normal tissues. TCGA alone plans to analyze 500 clinically characterized samples from each of 20 different cancer types, detecting frequently mutated genes, common copy number variants, altered gene expression and methylation changes. These data will provide an exceptional resource for identifying new diagnostic targets and predictors of response. Building on technology developed for the UCSC genome browser, we have developed a cancer genome analysis pipeline and a cancer genomics browser to interpret cancer genomics data that will aid in the identification of new targets. We use a new approach called PARADIGM, based on factor graphs, to map multiple data types into a single coherent pathway model for higher level interpretation. PARADIGM currently employs models for many hundreds of pathways from pathway libraries such as NCI pathways, Wikipathways, KEGG, etc. By transforming raw genomic data to pathway activity levels, PARADIGM provides a comprehensible window into the data that can be coupled to predictors of response to improve accuracy. We discuss the early results of this approach to the TCGA data.
Non-Linear, non-recursive estimation for passive localization and tracking

Present passive ranging algorithms are almost exclusively based on the extended Kalman filter with ad hoc variations tacked on in an effort to improve stability and predictability. For passive sonar applications, classical nonrecursive, non-linear estimation gives a stable and predictable algorithm, at the expense of an apparently larger but still acceptable computing load. A description and error analysis of one such "batch" algorithm is given, and its tracking performance compared against theory, for a single sensor obtaining bearing and doppler measurement sequences.
Shaper-assisted phase optimization of a broad “holey” spectrum

We develop a technique for optimizing the phase of broad spectrally-separated frequency sidebands—a “holey” spectrum. We use a source of multiple-order coherent Raman sidebands, obtained by crossing femtosecond pump and Stokes beams in synthetic single-crystal diamond. We combine the sidebands into a single beam and show the phase coherence among the sidebands by investigating the interference between them in groups of three while varying one sideband phase by an acousto-optics pulse shaper. We then show how we optimize the broad “holey” spectrum by overcoming the limited temporal shaping window of the pulse shaper. We also explore how the resultant second harmonic/sum frequency generation of the full combined broadband spectrum varies as we vary different sideband phases. This step-by-step phase optimization of the “holey” spectrum can be applied to sidebands with similar structure to synthesize arbitrary optical waveforms.
Directed denaturation: room temperature and stoichiometric unfolding of cytochrome C by a metalloporphyrin dimer.

Using circular dichroism, UV−vis, and trypsin proteolysis, we have shown how a metalloporphyrin dimer induces the unfolding of a protein, cytochrome c, under physiologically relevant conditions and accelerates its rate of proteolytic degradation.
Transient binasal hemianopia in a pair of plastic soupspoons

When color rivalry is studied at short tachistoscopic exposures, split color fields are often reported in which the target space appears to contain the two colors in some spatial arrangement. A split field in which the nasal visual field color is suppressed within the target space is sometimes reported, using small rivalrous targets. The present study examines this transient color rivalry in the limit of target area, using a simple Ganzfeld method.
Toolpath generation for freeform surface models

Abstract The generation of optimal NC code to drive milling machines for models defined by freeform trimmed surfaces is a difficult problem. In practice, two main approaches are used to generate toolpaths for surfaces, neither of which is optimal, in general. The first exploits the parametric representation, and generates isocurves that are uniformly distributed across the parametric domain. This approach is not optimal if the surface mapping into Euclidean space is not isometric. The second approach contours the models by intersecting the surfaces with planes equally spaced in Euclidean space, resulting in a piecewise-linear toolpath approximation which is nonadaptive to the local surface geometry. Further, the toolpath generated by contouring is suitable for 3-axis milling, but is inappropriate for 5-axis milling. In the paper, an algorithm developed to extract isocurves for rendering adaptively is modified and enhanced to generate milling toolpaths for models consisting of trimmed surfaces, and it can be used in both -3 and 5-axis milling. The resulting toolpaths do not gouge locally, and they combine the advantages of both prior approaches. The output toolpath is appealing, since it is composed of isoparametric curves, and is therefore compact, exact, and easy to process. Further, it is more optimal than the previous methods in that the resulting toolpath is shorter, and it provides a direct quantitative bound on the resulting scallop height. This algorithm has been used to compute gouge-avoiding toolpaths for the automatic milling of freeform surfaces, without the introduction of auxiliary check and drive surfaces being required.
ROBUSTNESS MEASURES AND ROBUST SCHEDULING FOR JOB SHOPS

Abstract A robust schedule is defined as a schedule that is insensitive to unforeseen shop floor disturbances given an assumed control policy. In this paper, a definition of schedule robustness is developed which comprises two components: post-disturbance make-span and post-disturbance makespan variability. We have developed robustness measures and robust scheduling methods for the case where a “right-shift” control policy is used. On occurrence of a disruption, the right-shift policy maintains the scheduling sequence while delaying the unfinished jobs as much as necessary to accommodate the disruption. An exact measure of schedule robustness is derived for the case in which only a single disruption occurs within the planning horizon. A surrogate measure is developed for the more complex case in which multiple disruptions may occur. This surrogate measure is then embedded in a genetic algorithm to generate robust schedules for job-shops. Experimental results show that robust schedules significantly outper...
Expanding the Simple View of Reading in Accounting for Reading Skills in Community College Students

The simple view of reading (Gough & Tunmer, 1986) proposes that listening comprehension and decoding, properly measured, can account for all of the variance in reading comprehension. We assessed the simple view in community college students. In addition to listening comprehension and decoding, we included measures of oral vocabulary, nonverbal reasoning, phonological awareness, reading fluency, and verbal working memory. In combination, the measures yielded an R2 of.48, but only listening comprehension and reading fluency made independent contributions to reading comprehension. Predictors that best distinguished less skilled from average readers were phonological awareness and verbal working memory. These findings suggest a need to expand the simple view in accounting for individual differences among adult readers.
Curvature-induced radiation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating around bends

We present a theoretical study of the curvature-induced radiation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating around bends at metal-dielectric interfaces. We explain qualitatively how the curvature leads to distortion of the phase front, causing the fields to radiate energy away from the metal-dielectric interface. We then quantify, both analytically and numerically, radiation losses and energy transmission efficiencies of surface plasmon polaritons propagating around bends with varying radii as well as sign of curvature.
Direct and inverse surface photoemission: Sources of ambiguities near the fermi level

We show that the measured peak positions of direct- and inverse-photoemission features near the Fermi level are off from their true values by the order of the energy resolution. Sources of ambiguities are the energy and k resolution, asymmetric line shapes, and high backgrounds. Surface-state bands and/or surface emission which cross the Fermi level are particularly affected. As examples we discuss surface states on Ag(111) and Ge(111)−(2×1) as well as band-gap surface emission on Ni(110).
Experimental summary - valence fluctuations, heavy fermions, and high-Tc superconductivity

Abstract Selected experiments on valence fluctuation, Kondo lattice, and heavy-fermion phenomena in rare earth and actinide materials, and high-Tc superconductivity in copper oxides reported at this conference are summarized.
Shyness and olfactory threshold

Abstract High levels of central norepinephrine may be one of the possible bases for the relation between physiological and behavioral characteristics in introverts and extraverts. Olfactory sensitivity may provide an indirect measure of central norepinephrine levels due to the strong direct innervation of the olfactory bulb by projections from the locus coeruleus. In study 1, extremely shy, male adults had lower olfactory thresholds, more lightly colored eyes, and slightly more ectomorphic physiques than extremely sociable male adults. In study 2, extremely shy, blue-eyed males had somewhat lower olfactory thresholds and were significantly more ectomorphic than sociable brown-eyed males. A meta-analysis of the two studies indicated that both olfactory threshold and physique were significantly different for blue-eyed, shy males and brown-eyed, sociable males. These findings lend modest support to the hypothesis that the two groups differ in threshold of limbic responsivity to novelty as a result of differences in central norepinephrine levels.
NMR of Transmembrane and Intracellular Domains of Human Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor A7 Subunit

Structure determination of mammalian membrane proteins is challenging due to low expression level, unpredictable folding, and poor protein stability. We addressed these critical issues using a novel approach to break hydrophobic patches by minimal mutagenesis in transmembrane (TM) domains. For a 300-residue sequence encompassing the entire TM and long intracellular (IC) loop domains of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α7 subunit, 16 mutation sites were identified and experimentally implemented. The resultant mutant (nAChRα7TM-IC) was expressed with a typical yield of 5 mg/L in M9 medium for NMR investigation. Replacing IC loop with a 5-Gly linker (nAChRα7TM-5G) increased the yield to 10 mg/L in M9. Both nAChRα7TM-IC and nAChRα7TM-5G folded into stable structures in ∼1% empigen with helical content of 41% and 50%, respectively, determined by circular dichroism. Thus, the helical content of IC can be calculated to be 29% at least, in agreement with sequence-based predictions. Exceptionally high-resolution and well-dispersed NMR spectra, comparable to those of soluble proteins of similar size, were obtained for nAChRα7TM-5G, allowing for spectral assignment and structure calculation. Reasonably high-resolution NMR spectra of nAChRα7TM-IC were also acquired at 900 MHz, with majority of TM-domain peaks overlapping with those in nAChRα7TM-5G, suggesting that the presence of IC domain did not greatly change the structure of TM domains. Backbone dynamics analyses of the two proteins using our newly developed histogram method, which does not require full spectral assignment, showed that the presence of IC dramatically affected the intrinsic dynamics of TM domains. Details of NMR structure characterization of TM and IC domains of nAChR will be presented. The approach is readily applicable to other receptor proteins, opening a new avenue for structural investigation of membrane proteins. Supported by NIH (R37GM049202, R01GM056257, R01GM069766, and P01GM055876).
Fracture toughness and impact strength of anhydride‐cured biobased epoxy

Biobased neat epoxy materials containing functionalized vegetable oils (FVO), such as epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), were processed with an anhydride curing agent. A percentage of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) was replaced by ELO or ESO. The selection of the DGEBF, FVO, and an anhydride-curing agent resulted in an excellent combination to produce a new biobased epoxy material having a high elastic modulus and high glass transition temperature. Izod impact strength and fracture toughness were significantly improved dependent on FVO content, which produced a phase-separated morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:487–495, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of live Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine on reindeer later challenge exposed with Brucella suis type 4

Twelve reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) were vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine and challenge exposed with B. suis type 4 two and one-half months later during mid-gestation. An additional 10 reindeer served as non-vaccinated controls. A sharp serologic titer response was observed in both vaccinates and controls. Brucella suis type 4 was isolated from tissues and blood from most controls (8 of 10, and 7 of 10 respectively). Seven of 11 vaccinated cows aborted, gave birth to weak fawns that died, or were not pregnant at the completion of the experiment. Brucella suis type 4 was isolated from the tissue of 4 of 12 vaccinates at necropsy. It was concluded that, under the conditions of this experiment, B. abortus strain 19 vaccine in reindeer did not provide adequate protection against challenge exposure with virulent B. suis type 4 organisms.
Claiming Our Turf: Students' Civic Negotiation of the Public Space of School

Abstract In the ongoing effort to conceptualize meaningful civics curriculum, the author looks beyond the intended curriculum to consider the civics lessons embedded in spatial interaction and engagement. She examines how young people negotiate school, a space she contends can be conceived of as a public space. Their negotiations rely upon tactics of avoidance, dissent, and incivility as civic actions that reshape space. These tactics—all forms of resistance—suggest that civic efficacy and possibility are bound in how young people create and then continuously respond to the spaces they re-create through civic processes.
Absence of topological insulator phases in non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians

In this work, we consider a generalization of the symmetry classification of topological insulators to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which satisfy a combined $PT$ symmetry (parity and time reversal). We show via examples and explicit proofs from separate bulk and gapless boundary-state perspectives that the typical paradigm of forming topological insulator states from Dirac Hamiltonians is not compatible with the construction of non-Hermitian $PT$-symmetric Hamiltonians. The topological insulator states are $PT$-breaking phases and have energy spectra that are complex (not real) and, thus, are not consistent quantum theories.
CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF X-RAYS ON NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC LYMPHOCYTES.

In normal rats and after total-body irradiation with 550 r of x rays, the fate in the bone marrow of labeled nucleated and red cells of transfused peripheral blood was observed autoradiographically. Labeled nucleated cells, most of which were lymphocyte-like cells, readily migrated into the marrow parenchyma in normal animals (2 cells/1,000 parenchymal cells/hr). Following irradiation to at least 27 to 51 hr, this migration appeared to be relatively increased. Beyond this time, parenchymal areas were more difflcult to be defined as such. Labeled red cells were rarely observed to enter parenchyma despite the presence of nonlabeled erythrocytes within the parenchymal structure after irradiation. The vascular bed following irradiation increased greatiy as the parenchyma diminished to a minimum of less than 10% control at 75 hr. Despite these changes in the architecture of the marrow, the average density of labeled cells per area of marrow corresponded to values expected on the assumption of a free-flowing circulation. The technique used at present did not allow us to distinguish, at all times, between a free-flowing circulation through intact sinusoids or through areas in which the sinusoidal wall, as such, was destroyed. (auth)
Extensions of Simple Modules for G2(3n) and 2G2(3m)

The group of extensions between any two irreducible 3-modular representations of the groups G 2 (3 n ) and 2 G 2 (3 m ) is determined
Prediction of a global climate change on Jupiter

Jupiter's atmosphere, as observed in the 1979 Voyager space craft images, is characterized by 12 zonal jet streams and about 80 vortices, the largest of which are the Great Red Spot and three White Ovals that had formed1 in the 1930s. The Great Red Spot has been observed2 continuously since 1665 and, given the dynamical similarities between the Great Red Spot and the White Ovals, the disappearance3,4 of two White Ovals in 1997–2000 was unexpected. Their longevity and sudden demise has been explained5 however, by the trapping of anticyclonic vortices in the troughs of Rossby waves, forcing them to merge. Here I propose that the disappearance of the White Ovals was not an isolated event, but part of a recurring climate cycle which will cause most of Jupiter's vortices to disappear within the next decade. In my numerical simulations, the loss of the vortices results in a global temperature change of about 10 K, which destabilizes the atmosphere and thereby leads to the formation of new vortices. After formation, the large vortices are eroded by turbulence over a time of ∼60 years—consistent with observations of the White Ovals—until they disappear and the cycle begins again.
Re-examining safety in numbers: interactions between risk dilution and collective detection depend upon predator targeting behaviour.

Many studies document that individuals visually scan for predators less frequently when in the safety of larger groups. This widely replicated effect has generally been explained in terms of distin...
Unexpected pressure waveform during pulmonary artery catheter placement.

A 40-YEAR-OLD Hispanic man with a history of diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and hypertension was admitted to the hospital for worsening congestive heart failure and fever. He was dialyzed and started on antibiotic therapy for a suspected catheter sepsis. A cardiology consultation was obtained to evaluate his continued congestive heart failure symptoms despite aggressive fluid removal with dialysis. Cardiac catheterization revealed 4 mitral regurgitation as well as a significant right coronary artery stenosis. A small fistula between the right atrium and the left ventricle was also noted. The patient was scheduled for mitral valve replacement and right coronary artery bypass graft surgery. On the day of surgery, a right radial artery catheter was placed, and the patient was then taken to the operating room where general anesthesia was induced using sufentanil, etomidate, and pancuronium. He remained hemodynamically stable throughout induction. A percutaneous introducer sheath was placed in the right internal jugular vein using the standard Seldinger technique. A pulmonary artery (PA) catheter was then advanced through the sheath, central venous pressure, right atrial, and right ventricular waveform morphology appeared normal. The catheter was then advanced further, and extremely high pressures, equivalent to the radial arterial blood pressure, were noted (Fig 1). The catheter was withdrawn until a right atrial waveform was obtained, the transducer calibrations were verified, and the catheter was readvanced with the same results. What are the possible positions of the PA catheter, and what diagnostic tools can be used to verify its location?
Radiation therapy of colorectal cancer

Radiation therapy has been used with increasing frequency in patients with carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. After surgical resection alone, local failure rates of 20 to 60% are noted, with the rate increasing with degree of penetration of tumor through the bowel wall and with presence of lymph node involvement. Preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy has been shown to decrease the local failure rate significantly, and may improve survival rates. In patients who present with locally unresectable disease, preoperative irradiation has been shown to convert a large percentage of these tumors to resectable lesions, with eventual cure in perhaps 30% of patients. Newer techniques such as intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy, may be effective in decreasing the high local failure rate in these patients, by allowing the radiation therapist to increase safely the dose to the tumor volume. Even without surgical resection, external radiation therapy alone can cure approximately 10% of these patients. For small, superficial, well-differentiated tumors within 10 cm of the anal verge, endocavitary radiation therapy is an effective method of locally controlling these tumors, while avoiding general anesthesia and avoiding colostomy.
Synthesis of metallomacrocyclophanes: Deduction of structure from electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and molecular mechanics computations

Abstract The synthesis of metallomacrocyclophanes 7-tos and 8, in which environmentally tunable ferriccatecholamide coordination bonds hold the cyclophane together, is described. UV-vis spectroscopic studies of 7-tos and 8 display characteristics of ferric-tris(catecholamide) complexes, i.e. burgundy color (λmax=ca. 490 nm)and high stability, at high pH, and 1:1 stoichiometry. Electrospray ionization mass spectra of 8 show prominent ions due to a monomeric 1:1 (ligand/metal) complex. Molecular mechanics calculations on 7 and 8 indicate that out-isomeric configurations predominate, leaving a void in the metallomacrocyclophane interiors.
Macrosomic births in the united states: determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk.

Abstract Objective: We describe maternal risk factors for macrosomia and assess birth weight categories to determine predictive thresholds of adverse outcomes. Study Design: We analyzed linked live birth and infant death cohort files from 1995 to 1997 for the United States with the use of selected term (37-44 weeks of gestation) single live births to mothers who were US residents. We compared macrosomic infants (4000-4499 g, 4500-4999 g, and >5000 g infants) with a normosomic control group of infants who weighed 3000 to 3999 g. Results: Maternal risk factors for macrosomia included nonsmoking, advanced age, married, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and previous macrosomic infant or pregnancy loss. The risks of labor complications, birth injuries, and newborn morbidity rose with each gradation of macrosomic birth weight. Infant mortality rates increased significantly among infants weighing >5000 g. Conclusion: Although a definition of macrosomia as >4000 g (grade 1) may be useful for the identification of increased risks of labor and newborn complications, >4500 g (grade 2) may be more predictive of neonatal morbidity, and >5000 g (grade 3) may be a better indicator of infant mortality risk. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1372-8.)
Theoretical studies of dielectric solvation dynamics

Using a dynamical Gaussian model of solvation, we have developed a phenomenological theory of solvation dynamics. This theory is applied to compute the solvation dynamics correlation function for solutes in various solvents from time-dependent Stokes shift experiments and to compute the peak shift as a function of population period from three-pulse photon-echo experiments. Employing a quantum chemical estimate of the solute’s charge distribution, the Richard-Lee estimate of its van der Waals surface, and the measured frequency dependent dielectric constant of the pure solvent, we found the calculated results agree closely with those determined by experiments.
The Dillon Hypothesis of Titular Colonicity: An empirical test from the ecologic

The Dillion Hypothesis of Titular Colonicity has been proposed as the primary correlate of scholarly character in journal publication. The Hypothesis was developed and tested in the fields of education, psychology, and literary criticism; its geographical strengths have been tested in a study of the same fields from New Zealand. In this paper, The Hypothesis is tested across disciplinary lines. Data from 21,000 titles in six journals of ecology and aquatic sciences are examined. Titular colonicity has increased dramatically over the last 15 years. Striking differences are found between theoretical and applied sub-fields (with theoretical papers being an order of magnitude more scholarly) and between the papers presented at international scientific congresses and those published in peer-reviewed journals (the latter are more scholarly). No significant differences in scholarly character between aquatic and terrestrial ecology were detectable. A comparison of findings from available studies reveals that more theoretic research in biology is significantly more scholarly than that in psychology. In general, the results of this study support the Dillon Hypothesis of Titular Colonicity.
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS AND CATALYST SELECTIVITY FOR A UNIFORM SURFACE: THE ROLE OF MULTIPLE LANDING AREAS

In general a gas phase species can be present simultaneously in more than one adsorbed form on a uniform solid surface. The different adsorbed forms tie up different combinations of surface sites. Each such combination is termed a landing area. The different adsorbed forms present on the surface of a catalyst may form different products. (In the more general case, each different adsorbed form yields a different distribution of a set of products.) Hence the relative amount of each adsorbed form and landing area present on the surface determines the selectivity of the solid catalyst. The variation of the landing area distribution with temperature and partial pressure of the gas phase species is examined in the first part of this work. In general, increasing the pressure or decreasing the temperature leads to the relative decrease of molecules adsorbed on landing areas consisting of larger number of sites and the relative increase of molecules adsorbed on smaller landing areas. The kinetics of metal catalyze...
Antigenic determinants of the HLA-B7 molecule; Bw6- and B7-specific determinants are spatially separate

Monoclonal antibodies that bind HLA-B7 were used to show that the B7-specific determinant is at a topologically different site from that of the broad polymorphic, Bw6 determinant. The relationship to other antigenic determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies was also assessed. These results were independently obtained in four ways: (1) by cellular blocking assays, in which there was no inhibition of 125I-B7 antibody binding in the presence of Bw6 antibody and no inhibition of 125I-Bw6 antibody binding in the presence of B7 antibody; (2) cellular binding assays under conditions of antibody saturation showed the binding of B7-specific and Bw6 antibodies were additive; (3) solid-phase radioimmune assays demonstrated enhancement between B7-specific and Bw6 antibodies; (4) analysis of antigen antibody complexes by size-exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography showed Bw6 and B7 antibodies could form tetramolecular complexes with papain-solubilized HLA-B7. Limitations were encountered in using cellular blocking assays to map antigenic determinants of HLA-B7. These assays can produce blocking in cases where two antibodies are not competing for an antigenic determinant. Mapping antigenic determinants with assays using purified HLA-B7 as the antigenic target, in addition to cell-based assays, provided a more accurate picture.
The Conceptual Project in Child Variance

This report covers highlights from a survey of the literature on emotional disturbance. The survey was begun in 1970 by the Conceptual Project in Child Variance at the University of Michigan. The Project has developed the survey to serve both as a model for graduate student training and as a source of materials for graduate level programs across the United States. Results are being published in a four-volume work, A Study of Child Variance,which examines theories, intervention practices, and service delivery systems, and presents an overview with a look toward the future. The activities of the graduate students and of professional workshop groups are described, and a summary of Project materials is also reported.
Heat capacities of tellurites and restructuring thermodynamics on glass formation

An increased heat capacity of a supercooled liquid, compared to its superliquidus melt, has been measured in situ in some glass-forming tellurite systems by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), complementing earlier work on fluorozirconates. This increased heat capacity confirms that restructuring occurs in the supercooled liquid regime, in good agreement with structural investigations. The thermodynamics of restructuring decrease the free energy of the supercooled liquid, and hence diminish the thermodynamic driving force for crystallization, as evaluated using the classical nucleation approach. Glass formation thus results from a combination of restructuring thermodynamics and kinetics. Thermodynamic aspects of glass formation, in fragile, intermediate and strong systems, are systematized by free energy versus temperature diagrams within the supercooled liquid regime. A common basis for glass formation is revealed, that is, a glass-forming liquid has a tendency to retain its high-temperature liquid structure for some temperature range below the liquidus. Major structural change will not take place until much lower temperatures, and culminates in the glass transition. This viewpoint suggests that glass formation is decisively controlled by physical and chemical properties in the high-temperature liquid.
Sampling bias in scanning proton-recoil tracks in nuclear emulsion

Abstract A new rapid “random-drift” method of sampling track distributions in nuclear emulsion was tested for bias. After detailed consideration of geometrical correction factors and the types and sources of tracks in the samples, length and angular distributions from emulsions exposed to single-energy neutron beams were compared with those predicted by s-wave scattering. This study revealed no sampling bias, and demonstrated that a differentiation method can provide improved resolution in emulsion neutron spectroscopy.
A joystick operated microforge for fabrication of glass micropipette electrodes

Abstract This note describes a newly designed microforge instrument suitable for the fabrication of glass micropipette electrodes. The main departure from previous designs in the use of a joystick mechanism for translation of hand motion to reduced amplitude motion of a heated platinum filament. An example of micropipette fabrication using the instrument is described.
Celebrating the Past, Creating the Future: 50 Years of Community College Research

The Council for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008. This article summarizes the establishment of the Council and sets it in the context of the development of the community college movement. Highlights of research conducted by CSCC members to address contemporary issues facing community colleges are described. A summary of insights offered by members during a 2008 plenary session, research presented at the 50th annual conference, and key community college leaders are described in the context of the historical evolution of community college research and future directions.
Evaluation of [3H]paroxetine as an in vivo ligand for serotonin uptake sites: A quantitative autoradiographic study in the rat brain

Paroxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake and an antidepressant, was used in conjunction with quantitative ex vivo autoradiography to study the feasibility of imaging serotonin terminals in the living brain. Tritiated paroxetine was injected in the rat tail vein, and the brain was processed for quantitative autoradiography 3 hours later. Animals received either [3H]paroxetine alone (100 microCi/animal) or a mixture of labeled paroxetine (100 microCi) and an excess of unlabeled drug (0.5 or 2 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]). Computerized image analysis of the resulting autoradiograms revealed high densities of radioactivity in brain regions known to contain high densities of serotonergic terminals and high specific binding of [3H] paroxetine in vitro, such as the raphe nuclei, interpeduncular nucleus, basolateral amygdala, substantia nigra, and some hypothalamic nuclei. Radioactivity uptake in these brain regions was effectively blocked (50-72%) by coadministration of excess unlabeled paroxetine. However, cortical and hippocampal binding of paroxetine in vivo was moderately high, in contrast to the relatively sparse serotonergic innervation in these regions. Only a relatively small proportion of cortical and hippocampal binding (20-40%) could be blocked by excess unlabeled paroxetine, indicating that most of the radioactivity in these regions is not associated with serotonin terminals or uptake sites. The usefulness of [3H]paroxetine as an in vivo ligand for imaging serotonin terminals in the human brain is limited by these nonserotonergic binding sites.
First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Associated with Severe Mosaic and Mottling of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) and White Clover (Trifolium repens) in Oklahoma

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), a member of the genus Alfamovirus, family Bromoviridae (1), has been reported in 44 states in the United States excluding Oklahoma. During a cucurbit survey in the summer of 2010, severe mosaic and mottling symptoms were observed on many peppers (Capsicum annuum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) plants in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Symptomatic leaf samples from 15 pepper and two white clover plants were collected in the Bixby area and analyzed serologically by dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) using specific polyclonal antibodies against AMV (Agdia, Inc). Seven out of 15 pepper samples and both white clover samples were tested positive by DIBA to AMV. The remaining symptomatic samples were positive to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Total RNA was extracted from DIBA positive AMV samples by Tri-reagent method. A small aliquot of total RNA was tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using specific primers: AMV-F 5′ GTCCGCGATCTCTTAAAT 3′ and AMV-R 5′ GAAGTTTGGGTCGAGAGA 3′ that were designed t...
MP23-13 MEDICAL STUDENT DELIBERATE PRACTICE ON A VIRTUAL-REALITY CURRICULUM CAN ACHIEVE EQUIVALENCY TO SENIOR UROLOGY RESIDENT REAL-TIME TRAINING

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Robotic virtual reality (VR) trainers have become an integral part of most urology programs. However, most surgical training programs struggle to incorporate them into their residency curricula. Several trials have demonstrated it is not the simulator that provides the learning, but rather it is the type of practice on the simulator that results in effective technical skills acquisition. Factors common to effective simulation training include; feedback, repetitive practice and task variation withclearlydefinedgoals, the foundationofwhathasbeen termeddeliberate practice. There has been little work to systematically investigate the effectiveness of deliberate practice within urological training. We hypothesized that novice trainees who engaged in a VR, deliberate practice, partial-task curriculum would demonstrate technical ability similar to residents with conventional informal teaching and feedback in the operating room. METHODS: 13 medical students without any prior urologic experience completed a VR curriculum designed for vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA). This included: thread the rings, needle targeting, suture sponge, tubes, continuous suturing and knot tying exercises on the daVinci surgical skills simulator. Students trained to proficiency (90% overall score without critical errors) with expert feedback. At the end of training, each student was filmed completing a VUA on a dry-lab physical model (3-Dmed Franklin, Ohio) using the daVinci robot. 5 current and previous urology residents (PGY 4-6) with hands on radical prostatectomy training were filmed performing a similar anastomosis. 3 skilled urologists graded films in a blinded fashion using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill scale (range 1-30). RESULTS: The median combined final score for medical students was 25.7 (IQR, 6.5-19.5), compared with 26 (IQR, 6.4-19.3) for residents (P1⁄40.57). For each individual grader, there was no difference in median final scores between both groups (table 1). CONCLUSIONS: Deliberate, individualized practice on a VR simulator improves technical performance similar to real-time training. This has implications to greatly improve the future of implementing simulation-based curricula in residency training programs. Medical students Residents hands-on
Effects of permafrost degradation on woody vegetation at arctic treeline on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Permafrost degradation leads to substantial changes in soil thermal and hydrologic characteristics. We investigated the effects of changes in active layer thickness and soil drainage on vegetation distribution near the arctic treeline on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We measured active layer thickness, soil moisture, density of tall shrub species, cover of low shrub species, and reconstructed white spruce establishment history along transects across the banks of a network of thaw ponds. We found that active layer thickness did not vary along our transects, but soils on thaw pond banks were significantly drier than those on level tundra or in thaw-pond channels. Thaw-pond banks were the only sites in which trees successfully established, and shrub communities on thaw-pond banks were taller and more dominated by tall shrub species like willow and shrub birch. The data suggest that the establishment of tree and tall shrub species at the arctic treeline can be limited by the availability of well-drained microsites, and the response of these species to regional climatic changes will be constrained by the availability of such microsites and thus contingent upon further degradation of the permafrost. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High energy neutrino flux from ordinary cosmic strings

We calculate the flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos from ordinary (i.e. non-superconducting) cosmic strings and compare the results with the most recent observational constraints. For heavy strings (where the mass per unit length is determined by the scale of grand unification) the predicted flux is below the present observational limits. However, sufficiently light strings may be detectable by this mechanism. Our calculations give only upper limits for the neutrino flux, since the source of the neutrinos, jets from particle production at cusps, may be weakened by back-reaction effects.
Parent choice by larval convict cichlids, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (Cichlidae, Pisces)

Abstract Fourteen pairs of convict cichlids, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (‘gold’ and wild type) were bred a total of 21 times. Both parents tended their young together under two treatments: (1) in the presence of predators of fry and (2) not in the presence of predators of fry. When the young were free-swimming for 2 days they were tested in groups of 31 to determine which parent they preferred. Whether a preference was exhibited, the sex of the parent chosen, and the latency to choice were recorded. No difference in wild-type versus gold parents and offspring was detected. Most groups of young made a choice. Although maternal preference was indicated most often, paternal choices did occur. The amount of time the young were separated from the parents before testing was found to be important and affected whether or not a choice was made under the two rearing conditions. Latency to choice was shorter for groups of young raised with predators.
Asymptotic ideal observers and surrogate figures of merit for signal detection with list-mode data

The asymptotic form for the likelihood ratio is derived for list-mode data generated by an imaging system viewing a possible signal in a randomly generated background. This calculation provides an approximation to the likelihood ratio that is valid in the limit of large number of list entries, i.e., a large number of photons. These results are then used to derive surrogate figures of merit, quantities that are correlated with ideal-observer performance on detection tasks, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, but are easier to compute. A key component of these derivations is the determination of asymptotic forms for the Fisher information for the signal amplitude in the limit of a large number of counts or a long exposure time. This quantity is useful in its own right as a figure of merit (FOM) for the task of estimating the signal amplitude. The use of the Fisher information in detection tasks is based on the fact that it provides an approximation for ideal-observer detectability when the signal is weak. For both the fixed-count and fixed-time cases, four surrogate figures of merit are derived. Two are based on maximum likelihood reconstructions; one uses the characteristic functional of the random backgrounds. The fourth surrogate FOM is identical in the two cases and involves an integral over attribute space for each of a randomly generated sequence of backgrounds.
Improving outcomes in umbilical cord blood transplantation: State of the art

Only 30% of patients who require an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant will have a HLA matched sibling donor. Many patients, particularly those patients with diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, may not be able to identify a suitably matched unrelated donor. Over 25,000 umbilical cord blood transplant procedures have been performed in the last 25years. Considerable challenges exist in defining the appropriate conditioning regimen and graft vs host disease prophylaxis, surmounting issues of cell dose and delayed engraftment, and improving immune recovery. In this review, we discuss strategies to improve umbilical cord blood transplant outcomes, focusing on cord blood unit selection, expansion, and homing efficiency.
Effect of Coverage Triggers on CDO Tranche Returns

Accurately estimating returns on CDO tranches is complicated, particularly when the structure of the CDO contains over-collateralization and interest-coverage triggers. Coverage triggers serve to divert cash flows from more junior tranches to retire principal of senior tranches under conditions of deteriorating collateral pool. We analyzed the effects of typical coverage triggers on distributions of expected tranche returns using Monte Carlo simulation. Results from simulated returns show that coverage triggers increase returns to senior tranche holders, but increase volatility of cash flows from CDOs during their reinvestment periods. Although triggers provide protection to senior holders at the expense of more junior investors, greater alignment of manager incentives with investors in all parts of a deal may serve to increase risk-adjusted returns on the collateral.
Stiffness matrix formulation for double row angular contact ball bearings: Analytical development and validation

Abstract Though double row angular contact ball bearings are widely used in industrial, automotive, and aircraft applications, the scientific literature on double row bearings is sparse. It is also shown that the stiffness matrices of two single row bearings may not be simply superposed to obtain the stiffness matrix of a double row bearing. To overcome the deficiency in the literature, a new, comprehensive, analytical approach is proposed based on the Hertzian theory for back-to-back, face-to-face, and tandem arrangements. The elements of the five-dimensional stiffness matrix for double row angular contact ball bearings are computed given either the mean bearing displacement or the mean load vector. The diagonal elements of the proposed stiffness matrix are verified with a commercial code for all arrangements under three loading scenarios. Some changes in stiffness coefficients are investigated by varying critical kinematic and geometric parameters to provide more insight. Finally, the calculated natural frequencies of a shaft-bearing experiment are successfully compared with measurements, thus validating the proposed stiffness formulation. For double row angular contact ball bearings, the moment stiffness and cross-coupling stiffness terms are significant, and the contact angle changes under loads. The proposed formulation is also valid for paired (duplex) bearings which behave as an integrated double row unit when the surrounding structural elements are sufficiently rigid.