cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface-wave excitation at the interface between diffusive Kerr-like nonlinear and linear media.

Numerical calculations have been performed which show the nature of energy coupling between an incident, two-dimensional Gaussian beam at small glancing angle onto the interface between a linear medium and a nonlinear diffusive medium, and a surface wave which can exist at the interface under certain conditions. The coupling is shown to be related to the boundary conditions at the interface that are imposed upon the diffusion equation governing the nonlinearity. This surface wave is postulated as the mechanism which causes the previously unexplained experimental result of ``missing'' energy in the partially transmissive state of the interface.
Revised age for Midway volcano, Hawaiian volcanic chain

Abstract New conventional K-Ar, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, and petrochemical data on alkalic basalt pebbles from the basalt conglomerate overlying tholeiitic flows in the Midway drill hole show that Midway evolved past the tholeiitic shield-building stage and erupted lavas of the alkalic suite 27.0 ± 0.6m.y. ago. The data also show that previously published conventional K-Ar ages on altered samples of tholeiite are too young by about 9 m.y. These results remove a significant anomaly in the age-distance relationships of the Hawaiian chain and obviate the need for large changes in either the rate of rotation of the Pacific plate about the Hawaiian pole or the motion of the plate relative to the Hawaiian hot spot since the time of formation of the Hawaiian-Emperor bend. All of the age data along the Hawaiian chain are now reasonably consistent with an average rate of volcanic propagation of 8.0 cm/yr and with 0.83°/m.y. of angular rotation about the Hawaiian pole.
Recommendations for the screening of military personnel over 35 years of age for physical training programs

Persons over 35 years old have an increased prevalence of risk factors. Careful medical examinations, even in a fit military population, are needed before initiating intensive physical train ing regimens. Risk factor profiling, which synthesizes major risk factors into a composite score, is a beneficial procedure by which to evaluate individuals. Training programs should be based on several considerations: (1) the individual's age and physical condition; (2) his body composition; (3) his risk factor profile; (4) his preference and physical ability for activity; and (5) the available facilities and climatic conditions. Exercise should enhance work capacity and serve as a preventive mea sure for coronary heart disease. The most efficient types of exercise to meet these ends are activities that involve the large muscles in continuous activity for 20 to 30 min daily, including warm-up and cool-down periods.
Differences between Brachiola (Nosema) algerae Isolates of Human and Insect Origin when Tested Using an In Vitro Spore Germination Assay and a Cultured Cell Infection Assay

Abstract Brachiola (Nosema) algerae is a microsporidian species generally believed to be an intracellular parasite of insects, especially mosquitoes. However, both mosquito and human isolates have been shown to infect mammalian cells. The present study was undertaken to determine if spores of two insect and two human isolates of B. algerae cultured at 30 °C and 37 °C differed in their ability to germinate and infect cultured green monkey kidney cells at these two temperatures. Spores from all four isolates exhibited an optimum pH of 9.5 for germination. Mercury (Hg2+) inhibited germination of all isolates equally. Germination of spores from all four isolates was significantly greater when the parasite was cultured at 30 °C than when cultured at 37 °C. However, spores from the insect isolates cultivated at 30 °C or 37 °C infected significantly fewer mammalian cells at 37 °C than did spores from the human isolates under the same conditions. Thus, there is no correlation between the effects of temperature on...
Dietary Intake of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Abstract Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinically defined condition characterized by severe disabling fatigue and a combination of nonspecific symptoms, including weakness, malaise, headaches, sore throat and tender lymph nodes, impairments in concentration and short-term memory, sleep disturbances, and musculo-skeletal pain. Many of these symptoms may place an afflicted individual at risk for inadequate food intake. Furthermore, the condition is chronic, lasting for a number of years, and often severe enough to preclude employment. Many patients report allergies, including food allergies. Therefore a study was designed to gather information regarding overall dietary habits and intake of patients with CFS. Survey instruments were a 90-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, a seven-consecutive-day diet record, and a descriptive questionnaire which focused upon factors affecting quality of diet. Sixteen patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for CFS set forth by the Center for Disease Control participated. The descriptive questionnaire revealed that 12 of the subjects (75%) were responsible for meal preparation for their households and 100% were often too tired to cook. When too tired to cook, nine (56%) resorted to fast food, while four (25%) skipped the meal entirely. Six of the subjects (38%) reported that income limited food choices. All subjects took medications for symptoms, thereby risking drug-diet interactions. Food allergies were common, with five subjects (31%) reporting an allergy to wheat and four (25%) to dairy. Both methods of dietary assessment demonstrated that intake of calories, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, copper, and zinc were significantly lower than recommendations and than intake of these nutrients by a comparable segment of the population participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. These data support that the nature of CFS can contribute factors which place an individual at nutritional risk with respect to intake.
Persisting problems in persistence: a response to Bowling and Lovegrove.

In a recent note, Bowling and Lovegrove (1982) have questioned several of the conclusions I reached in a recent methodological critique of the field of iconic memory (Long, 1980) as well as in subsequent published work. In the present paper, I wish to respond to several of their points. First, it should be emphasized that there may be more agreement between our positions than Bowling and Lovegrove are aware of. For example, they place considerable emphasis on definitional problems that have plagued the field of persistence. This was also a major contention of my review: Investigators have used very different experimental tasks and yet have been willing, for the most part, to call the process(es) evaluated simply "persistence" or "iconic memory." However, in the last few years there has been a growing realization that at least two distinct forms of persistence are assessed by currently popular tasks of persistence (e.g., Hawkins & Shulman, 1979; Long, 1979; Sakitt & Long, 1979a). So-called "Type I persistence" is an inverse-energy phenomenon apparently related to perceived offset of a target; "Type II persistence" is a positive-energy phenomenon related to the end of the fading trace of the target. Several recent empirical studies have supported this distinction (e.g., Long & Gildea, 1981; Long & McCarthy, 1982; Long & Sakitt, 1981). Moreover, these different types of persistence undoubtedly underlie much of the past confusion in the field of persistence. As I have noted elsewhere: "Regardless of terminology, however, most important is that the distinction [between the different types of persistence) be recognized in future research. The results of the present study and related investigations (cf. Long, 1980) would seem to indicate that very different processes underlie these task differences. Hence, subsequent research should attempt to determine and specify which 'type' of persistence is involved in the particular tasks employed" (Long & Gildea, 1981, p. 1399). On this point, then, we are in complete agreement. Bowling and Lovegrove also question the representativeness of several of my colleagues' and my research efforts for the general persistence literature. They
On the spontaneous collective motion of active matter

Spontaneous directed motion, a hallmark of cell biology, is unusual in classical statistical physics. Here we study, using both numerical and analytical methods, organized motion in models of the cytoskeleton in which constituents are driven by energy-consuming motors. Although systems driven by small-step motors are described by an effective temperature and are thus quiescent, at higher order in step size, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous, flowing and oscillating behavior emerges. Motors that respond with a negative susceptibility to imposed forces lead to an apparent negative-temperature system in which beautiful structures form resembling the asters seen in cell division.
THE STELLAR CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT AND ABSORPTION OF HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA RAYS

TeV γ-rays from distant astrophysical sources are attenuated due to electron-positron pair creation by interacting with ultraviolet/optical to infrared photons which fill the universe and are collectively known as the extragalactic background light (EBL). We model the ~0.1-10 eV starlight component of the EBL derived from expressions for the stellar initial mass function (IMF), star formation history of the universe, and wavelength-dependent absorption of a large sample of galaxies in the local universe. These models are simultaneously fitted to the EBL data as well as to the data on the stellar luminosity density in our local universe. We find that the models with modified Salpeter A IMF together with Cole et al. or Hopkins and Beacom star formation history best represent available data. Since no dust emission is included, our calculated EBL models can be interpreted as the lower limits in the ~0.1-1 eV range. We present simple analytic fits to the best-fit EBL model evolving with redshift. We then proceed to calculate γ-ray opacities and absorption of ~10-300 GeV γ-rays coming from different redshifts. We discuss implications of our results for the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope and ground-based Air Cherenkov Telescopes.
Ethnicity and the Elusive Quest for Power Sharing in Guyana

Beginning in 1961 there have been repeated calls in Guyana, one of the most ethnically divided societies, for either modification or abolishment of the Westminster model, in particular its winner-take-all and government-opposition component, and its replacement with a consociational power sharing model; but after almost five decades, a power sharing government has not materialized. This paper examines the various proposals and initiatives to tease out their content, the motivation behind them, the discourse they spawned and the possible reasons for their failure to evolve into actual power sharing governments. The paper makes four major arguments. First, there has been a general desire for national reconciliation, mainly on the part of civil society actors and parties that embrace multiethnicity as a guiding philosophy. Second, while the major political parties have supported power sharing in principle, they have been reluctant to embrace it fully when in office. Third, political parties have been relucta...
Acidic and basic nature of ferric oxide surfaces. Adsorption, adhesion, zeta potentials and dispersibility in magnetic inks for hard disks

The surface FeOH sites of ferric oxides are amphoteric in that they form interfacial acid-base complexes with either acids or bases. Adsorption of acidic or basic test molecules from neutral organic solvents was used to characterize the acid-base properties of y-Fe2O3, a magnetic ferric oxide of importance in magnetic tapes and disks for computer memories. Gafac RE-610, a dispersant commonly used in the dispersion of ferric oxide powders for fabrication of the magnetic polymer composites used in computer tapes and disks, is an amphoteric diester of phosphoric acid with a polyoxyethylene adduct of an alkylphenol. The POH group of RE-610 adsorbs as a strong acid onto basic ferric oxide sites, and the 10-12 ether groups adsorb as bases onto acidic ferric oxide sites. When RE-610 adsorbs onto ferric oxide, the first monolayer is spread out broadly over the surface, occupying 2.2 nm2 per molecule, because several ether groups as well as the POH group are complexed to surface FeOH sites. A second monolayer adso...
The Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Abstract For most of us, sexual abuse of a child is an abhorrent thought. Yet, this is the root cause of the struggles and emotional trauma for many people being “treated” in the mental health system. Many mental health providers do not recognize this, and the questions that would bring this cause to light are never asked. Thus providers cannot and do not provide appropriate assistance, the emotional trauma continues and may be exacerbated by the “treatment,” and deterioration often takes place. This paper clearly describes the consequences of childhood sexual abuse and provides descriptions of some efforts to treat it that have been successful.
Buy-price English auction

Abstract Consider an English auction for a single object in which there is an option for a bidder to guarantee a purchase at a seller-specified buy price b at any time. We show that there exist v ˜ and v ^ ( ⩾ v ˜ ), such that a bidder purchases at the buy price immediately if his valuation v is no less than v ^ or v ˜ ⩽ v v ^ and at least one other bidder is participating in the auction. If b ⩽ v v ˜ , he purchases at the buy price once the current bid reaches a strategically chosen threshold price. A properly set buy price increases expected social welfare and the expected utility of each agent when either buyers or seller are risk-averse.
Combination of racial/ethnic and etiology/disease‐specific factors is associated with lower survival following liver transplantation in African Americans: an analysis from UNOS/OPTN database

Higher rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence and lower response to HCV antiviral therapy contribute to the lower post-liver transplantation (LT) survival among African Americans with HCV. The current study aims to evaluate race/ethnicity-specific and etiology-specific factors contributing to lower post-LT survival among African Americans in the USA. The 2002-2012 United Network for Organ Sharing registry was utilized to evaluate race/ethnicity-specific post-LT survival among patients with HCV, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and cryptogenic cirrhosis. From 2002 to 2012, HCV was the leading indication for LT. While African Americans accounted for 9.5% of all LT during this period, they had the lowest overall and etiology-specific five-yr post-LT survival. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, African Americans had significantly lower post-LT survival compared with non-Hispanic whites among patients with HCV (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41), HCC (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.25-1.79), and ALD (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.19-1.94). In conclusion, African Americans had the lowest post-LT survival among patients with HCV, HCC, and ALD. Race/ethnicity and the etiology of chronic liver disease were observed to have a combined detrimental effect leading to lower survival following LT in African Americans.
Long-term effects on plasma lipids of diet and drugs to treat hypertension

Objective. —To compare long-term plasma lipid changes among 6 antihypertensive treatment interventions for stage I (mild) hypertension. Design. —Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. Setting. —Four academic clinical research units in the United States. Participants. —A total of 902 men and women, aged 45 to 69 years, with stage I diastolic hypertension (diastolic blood pressure Interventions. —Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment groups: (1) placebo, (2) β-blocker(acebutolol), (3) calcium antagonist (amlodipine), (4) diuretic (chlorthalidone), (5) α1-antagonist (doxazosin), and (6) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril). All groups received intensive lifestyle counseling to achieve weight loss, dietary sodium and alcohol reduction, and increased physical activity. Main Outcomes Measures. —Changes in plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides from baseline to annual visits through 4 years. Results. —Mean changes in all plasma lipids were favorable in all groups. The degree of weight loss with fat-modified diet and exercise was significantly related to favorable lipid changes. Significant differences (P Conclusions. —Weight loss with a fat-modified diet plus increased exercise produces favorable long-term effects on blood pressure and all plasma lipid fractions of adults with stage I hypertension; blood pressure reduction is enhanced to a similar degree by addition of a drug from any one of 5 classes of antihypertensive medication. These drugs differ quantitatively in influencing the degree of long-term favorable effects on blood lipids obtained with nutritional-hygienic treatment. (JAMA. 1996;275:1549-1556)
A Dynamic Subchannel Allocation algorithm for IEEE 802.16e networks

The paper describes a system architecture and formulation of the Dynamic Subchannel Allocation problem in IEEE 802.16e networks. According to it, the DSA algorithm operates as an extension of a IEEE 802.16 time scheduler, trying to exploit the benefits of the OFDMA mode. Simulation results show a considerable improvement, compated to the legacy system, especially in terms of channel errors.
Enhanced ER Ca2+ store filling by overexpression of SERCA2b promotes IP3-evoked puffs

Liberation of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) is modulated by the ER Ca2+ content, and overexpression of SERCA2b to accelerate Ca2+ sequestration into the ER has been shown to potentiate the frequency and amplitude of IP3-evoked Ca2+ waves in Xenopus oocytes. Here, we examined the effects of SERCA overexpression on the elementary IP3-evoked puffs to elucidate whether ER [Ca2+] may modulate IP3R function via luminal regulatory sites in addition to simply determining the size of the available store and electrochemical driving force for Ca2+ release. SERCA2b and Ca2+ permeable nicotinic plasmalemmal channels were expressed in oocytes, and hyperpolarizing pulses were delivered to induce Ca2+ influx and thereby load ER stores. Puffs evoked by photoreleased IP3 were significantly potentiated in terms of numbers of responding sites, frequency and amplitude following transient Ca2+ influx in SERCA-overexpressing cells, whereas little change was evident with SERCA overexpression alone or following Ca2+ influx in control cells not overexpressing SERCA. Intriguingly, we observed the appearance of a new population of puffs that arose after long latencies and had prolonged durations supporting the notion of luminal regulation of IP3R gating kinetics.
AAV-mediated knockdown of phospholamban leads to improved contractility and calcium handling in cardiomyocytes.

Background Reduced contractility due to dysregulation of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a common pathologic feature of chronic heart failure. Calcium stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum play a major role in regulating cardiac contractility. Several animal models of heart failure have been treated by altering the regulation of the sarcoplamic reticulum ATPase through ablation or down-regulation of its inhibitor peptide, phospholamban (PLN). Methods We have designed two small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to block the synthesis of PLN via RNA interference. These were tested in cell culture using a co-transfection assay and using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery to cardiomyocytes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blots were used to measure reduction in PLN mRNA and protein levels. Reduction of PLN was also documented by indirect immunofluorescence. Free cytosolic calcium and contractile properties of transduced cardiomyocytes was examined on fura-2-loaded cells. Direct cardiac injection was used to deliver AAV1-shRNAs to mice, and reduction of PLN was measured by indirect immunofluorescence. Results Both siRNAs led to significant reduction of PLN RNA and protein levels in cultured cells. Down-regulation of PLN led to enhanced cell shortening and relaxation and to a decrease in the time constant of calcium decay, signs of improved contractility and calcium handling. In the hearts of AAV-infected mice, shRNA-transduced cells showed significant reduction in the level of PLN. Conclusions Our results suggest that AAV-delivered shRNAs mediated physiologically significant suppression of phospholamban that may be useful in combating the effects of chronic heart failure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of finite impurity mass on the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe in one dimension

A one-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian describes the evolution of a single impurity interacting locally with $N$ electrons. The impurity spectral function has a power-law singularity $A(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}{|\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}|}^{\ensuremath{-}1+\ensuremath{\beta}}$ with the same exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ that characterizes the logarithmic decay of the quasiparticle weight $Z$ with the number of electrons $N$, $Z\ensuremath{\propto}{N}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}}$. The exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is computed by (1) perturbation theory in the interaction strength and (2) numerical evaluations with exact results for small systems and variational results for larger systems. A nonanalytical behavior of $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is observed in the limit of infinite impurity mass. For large interaction strength, the exponent depends strongly on the mass of the impurity in contrast to the perturbative result.
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 4-Azidotetrafluoroaniline: A New Photoaffinity Reagent†

p-Azidotetrafluoroaniline (1) was synthesized in 65−73% yield by two different methods employing a stable carbamate intermediate. The first method trapped the intermediate isocyanate generated via a modified Curtius rearrangement with 2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanol to form the stable carbamates 2d and 2e, respectively. Benzoic acid 2c was first converted to its acid chloride with PCl5. Displacement of the chloride by NaN3 in acetone/water formed the acyl azide. Thermal rearrangement followed by the addition of the appropriate alcohols provided the carbamates. The acid labile carbamate 2d was deprotected with HCl/AcOH to provide 1, while trifluoroacetic acid was required to deprotect 2e and afford 1. In the second path, 1 was synthesized in five steps from pentafluoronitrobenzene (3a) in 65% overall yield. Compound 3a was converted into 4-azidotetrafluoronitrobenzene (3b) with NaN3 in 93% yield and was used without further purification to form 1,4-diaminotetrafluorobenzene (3c) by Sn/HCl ...
Quantification of surgical resident stress "on call".

Background We hypothesized that surgical resident stress involves both psychologic and physiologic components that manifest as changes in heart rate (HR) and circulating white blood cell (WBC) count. The purposes of this series of experiments were to monitor HR as a measure of stress "on call"; to monitor WBC count (1,000 cells/μL) during "on call" periods as a measure of stress; and to relate maximum HR and WBC count "on call" to surgical resident training level. Study design HR was continuously documented by Holter monitor for 24hours "on call" in interns (n = 6), junior residents (n = 5), and senior residents (n = 5). Interns (n = 4), junior residents (n = 4), and senior residents (n = 4) during periods devoid of clinical responsibilities served as controls. WBC counts were obtained from residents "off" and "on call" for interns (n = 5) and junior residents (n = 5). Results Mean HR "on call" increased in all resident groups as compared with controls: intern mean HR increased from 71 ± 3 to 87 ± 2 beats per minute (bpm) (p = 0.003), junior resident mean HR increased from 74 ± 3 to 88 ± 4 bpm (p = 0.03), and senior resident mean HR increased from 69 ± 2 to 80 ± 2 bpm (p = 0.004). Intern maximum control HR was 119 ± 3 and increased to 149 ± 6 bpm (p = 0.005). The increase in maximum HR (control versus "on call") did not reach significance in junior residents (123 ± 5 to 136 ± 6 bpm, p=0.14) and senior residents (115 ± 6 to 116 ± 3 bpm, p=0.9). WBC count in interns increased from control values of 5.2 ± 0.6 × 1,000 cells/μL to 7.5 ± 0.9 × 1,000 cells/μL"on call" (p = 0.005). The WBC change in juniors was not significant (control: 6.8 ± 0.7 × 1,000 cells/μL, "on call": 7.1 ± 0.7 × 1,000 cells/μL; p=0.37). Conclusions When heart rate is used as an indicator of combined physiologic and psychologic stress, surgical residents achieve stress levels of tachycardia "on call." Surgical residents also exhibit an increase in circulating WBC count "on call." Both the degree of tachycardia and the increase in WBC count are inversely related to the level of training. Senior residents cope better with stress "on call" than junior residents and interns.
Cardiac Workup of Ischemic Stroke. Can We Improve Our Diagnostic Yield

Background and Purpose—Discovering potential cardiac sources of stroke is an important part of the urgent evaluation of the ischemic stroke patient as it often impacts treatment decisions that are essential for determining secondary stroke prevention strategies, yet the optimal approach to the cardiac workup of an ischemic stroke patient is not known. Methods—A review of the literature concerning the utility of cardiac rhythm monitoring (ECG, telemetry, Holter monitors, and event recorders) and structural imaging (transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography) was performed. Results—Data supporting a definitive, optimal, and cost-effective approach are lacking, though some data suggest that appropriate patient selection can improve the diagnostic and therapeutic yield of rhythm monitoring and echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke etiology. Conclusions—Based on available data, an algorithmic approach for the evaluation of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events that takes into accou...
Rewriting the engineering curriculum: professionalism and professional communication

Although engineers spend a substantial amount of their time writing or delivering oral presentations, the typical engineering curriculum segregates communications instruction from technical coursework. But out of an increasing sense of responsibility to provide more authentic professional training, engineering educators are developing programs which bring “real-life” contexts into the classroom. As a result, technical communications instruction is changing in significant ways. Writing clinics are tailoring their services to the precise needs of those they serve and expanding the range of professional support they offer. Furthermore, writing across the curriculum has significantly influenced engineering by linking composing and understanding. New communications courses parallel professional classes, and some redesigned engineering courses actually integrate verbal communication with “subject matter” instruction, Since these broad structural renovations are paradigmatic for other professional programs, tech...
Adaptive Aspects of Culture Shock

This paper considers some reactions of a small group (fifteen) of American scholars to a summer of work in India. Dream and memory materials gathered during a three-month period suggest the repression of certain kinds of symbolic links to American culture. Highly affective imagery is displaced by forms of cultural identification that do not threaten the individual's capacity to adapt to a traumatic cultural confrontation.
A workflow for the computational identification of candidate regulatory elements in noncoding DNA

Computational methods of inferring regions of noncoding DNA that regulate gene activity are important to efficient biological validation of gene regulatory control. In many cases the available resources may allow for relatively few biological assays to be performed, and computational results allow these assays to be tightly focused on the highest confidence candidate regulatory regions. Here, we present a workflow for the computational identification of candidate regulatory regions that incorporates multiple lines of evidence and illustrate its use to select high-confidence targets for experimental verification using the ciliary gene Tektin3 as an example. The Tektin3 protein is vital for ciliogenesis, a process in which cilia are formed. Cilia are important organelles of cells that are involved in numerous activities, and are related to many human diseases. The study of ciliogenesis genes may lead to advances in treatment for related diseases in humans, including diseases caused by malformation of the cilia.
Sedimentology of the Pliocene Upper Onzole Formation, an inner-trench slope succession in northwestern Ecuador

Abstract The Pliocene Upper Onzole Formation exposed in the vicinity of Punta Gorda, near Esmeraldas, Ecuador, is composed mainly of fine-grained mud turbidites, having regular vertical sequences of sedimentary structures associated with a positive grading, and bioturbation restricted mostly to the tops of beds. The remainder of beds measured consist of volcanic ash, mud pelagite, and glauconitic silt–sand turbidites. Vertical sequential analysis of stratigraphic sections for the most part show no pronounced trends in bed thickness or grain size. Volcanic ashes are crystal–vitric tuffs occurring in four bedding styles: (A) normally-graded ashes with burrowed gradational tops and sharp wavy bases; (B) ashes that form part of a complex microstratigraphy consisting of thinly-bedded mudstone, silt–sand turbidites, tuffaceous mudstone, and ash beds; (C) less conspicuous ash laminae and ash-filled burrows; and (D) a tuffaceous bed with ash and mud swirled together in convolute layers. Ash chemistry suggests an Andean high-K calc-alkaline provenance. Facies relations, paleontologic data and regional geologic setting suggest sediment accumulation on an inner trench slope in a basin situated oceanward of the Pliocene trench–slope break. Faulting is extensive and reflects two deformational episodes, the youngest involving Holocene marine and fluvial terraces. Faults group into an older, northerly trending, listric set, and a younger, west–northwest-trending high-angle set. Fault striations of both sets suggest dominantly dip–slip motion. The faults reflect an episode of latest Pliocene through Quaternary trench-normal extension in the forearc, followed by trench-parallel extension. Both sets of faults crosscut large northeast-trending regional folds. Post-Pliocene changes in stress regime, from generally northwest–southeast compression, to east–west tension, to north–northeast–south–southwest tension probably reflect change in stress vectors that resulted from the ongoing collision of the leading edge of the South America plate with the thick oceanic crust of the Carnegie Ridge.
Basement control of Tertiary intrusions and associated mineral deposits along Tijeras-Cañoncito fault system, New Mexico

A major zone of basement anisotropy in central New Mexico, the Tijeras-Canoncito fault system, has been episodically active since Precambrian time and has formed shears in Precambrian rocks, open fractures for fissure filling, and breccias with open spaces for mineral deposition. Tertiary plutons emplaced along this zone of crustal weakness were the sources of mineralizing solutions, provided heat for hydrothermal systems, and may have remobilized mineral deposits from Precambrian basement rocks. Recurrent movement along the faults was important in ore genesis, as emplacement of intrusions was followed by further fault movement to create open spaces for mineral deposition.
Very forward muon trigger and data acquisition electronics for CMS: design and radiation testing

With the forthcoming High Luminosity LHC accelerator upgrade, the CMS Endcap Muon system will require new electronics to handle the increased data rate while maintaining high data collection efficiency. Maintaining trigger efficiency for pseudorapidity above 2.1 requires deployment of higher performance electronics already in 2013. With the increased luminosity, the new electronics will be exposed to substantial radiation levels requiring higher tolerance of the components to radiation. We report on the progress in developing and building the new system and the results of radiation tolerance testing of the commercial components used in the system.
Taurine Conjugation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid in Two Marine Species

1. At least 50% of a dose of 14C-labelled 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or phenylacetic acid was excreted in urine in 48 hours after administration to dogfish shark or flounder. 2. For both compounds, more than 90% of the urinary 14C was present as a single metabolite. 3. Each metabolite was the taurine conjugate of the administered compound.
Anther culture of Solanum tuberosum L.

Embryoid formation was induced in pollen of Solanum tuberosum, cv. Pentland Crown, Maris Piper and Record, by culturing anthers at or just prior to the first pollen mitosis. The composition of the medium was not critical in respect of either nutrients or hormones. In the presence of relatively high hormone levels, callus formation also occurred from somatic tissues of the anthers.
INFLUENCE OF HEART RATE, AFTERLOAD AND BETA BLOCKING AGENTS ON STARLING VENTRICULAR FUNCTION CURVES IN PUPPIES

In order to more precisely characterize left ventricular function in puppies, Starling ventricular function (SF)curves were compared in 12 4-8 weeks old animals. The puppies were anesthetized with morphine and chloralose, and administered practolol (PRAC) [6] or propranolol (PROP) [6]. Three SF curves were obtained: a)control, b)after beta blockade, c)after administration of 7 × blocking dose. In 3 subjects, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (EDP) was varied without controlling heart rate (HR) or afterload (AL); in 4, HR and AL were regulated; and in 5 HR, alone was controlled. AL was regulated with an intraaortic balloon to maintain mean aortic pressure within 2-5mmHg range at matched points of EDP in each curve, but pressure was allowed to increase at successive points in any given curve. Control of HR after beta blockade did not qualitatively alter the shape of the SF curves. Regulation of AL did not affect the SF curves during the control period, but a descending limb at 8-15mmHg EDP, previously noted during 7 × blocking doses of propranolol with no AL control, was not observed. The SF curves are consistent with an increase in contractility for large doses of PRAC compared to blocking doses, and a decrease in contractility for large doses of PROP. The contractility parameter, (dp/dt)/P appeared to be preload dependent, decreasing with increasing EDP.
Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders

Esptein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus that persists in carriers as a lifelong, mostly asymptomatic infection. EBV is associated with a variety of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders. In this review we provide an update of the relevant literature on EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, with particular emphasis on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and novel treatment approaches.
VisuGATOR - A Visualization Tool for Networking Protocol Analysis

VisuGATOR is a protocol visualization tool that allows the scanning of trace data quickly and to easily identify pathological situations. VisuGATOR is flexible and configurable to display key trace data as space time diagrams with color coding for local protocol states. By incorporating variable time resolution, most of the traces can be examined quickly at a high level, and the interesting segments can then be scrutinized in greater detail. VisuGATOR is freely available from the University of Florida, where the tool is undergoing development to make it adaptable for visualization of general network protocols.
Silicon photonic tunable optical dispersion compensator

A silicon photonic tunable optical dispersion compensator (TODC) is demonstrated based on a series of 5 thermally tunable Mach- Zehnder interferometers. The TODC has a 2.8mm x 5.0 mm foot-print with continuously tunable dispersion from 0ps/nm to 2000ps/nm with a low tuning power of 80mW. This TODC is used to extend the reach of a 10Gb/s link from 85km to 150km.
Spelling of Stop Consonants After /s/ by Children and Adults.

Two experiments examined the way in which kindergarteners, first graders, and adults spell syllables like /spa/, /sta/, and /ska/. The second consonants of these syllables are standardly spelled as the voiceless stops P, T, and C/K. From a phonetic standpoint, however, the consonants could be spelled as the voiced stops B, D, and G. The proportion of voiced spellings was found to decrease with reading level: The nonstandard spellings were fairly prevalent among children, but almost nonexistent among adults. Nonetheless, most adults could choose the phonetically plausible voiced spellings over phonetically incorrect spellings.
Correlation of structure and vibrational spectra of the zwitterion L-alanine in the presence of water: an experimental and density functional analysis.

Abstract Infrared vibrational spectra were collected along with the vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra for the zwitterions α- d -alanine, α- l -alanine, α- d -mannose and α- l -mannose as potassium bromide (KBr) pressed samples. VCD for d - and l -alanine dissolved in water was also measured and compared against the spectra resulting from KBr pressed samples. The experimental data were compared against the ab initio B3LYP/6-31G* optimized geometry. The zwitterion structure of α- l -alanine was stabilized by the addition of water molecules. Computationally, β- l -mannose was studied and resulting expected VCD bands assigned. We present the molecular structures resulting VCD spectra and infrared vibrational spectra from experimentation as compared with the computed results.
Interference Resolver in Shared Storage Systems to Provide Fairness to I/O Intensive Applications

Most of the prior mechanisms on managing shared storage resources manage each individual shared resource without considering the interplay between different resources, leading to low fairness and loss of performance. Therefore, a coordinated mechanism that provides fairness in the entire shared storage system is desirable. This paper proposes a strategy to control inter-application interference by dynamically adjusting the aggressiveness of the shared storage cache and I/O bandwidth accesses made by multiple, concurrently-executing applications, in a coordinated fashion. Our interference resolver eliminates the need for complicated individual resource-based partitioning mechanisms implemented independently in each resource and that require coordination. It ensures fairness among high performance applications that access the underlying storage system, while best utilizing the available resources. In our experimental evaluation, we use both trace-driven simulations and an implementation in the Linux kernel 2.6.32, and show that our interference resolver can significantly increase system performance and provide fairness to concurrently-executing applications.
A Gain-Field Encoding of Limb Position and Velocity in the Internal Model of Arm Dynamics

Adaptability of reaching movements depends on a computation in the brain that transforms sensory cues, such as those that indicate the position and velocity of the arm, into motor commands. Theoretical consideration shows that the encoding properties of neural elements implementing this transformation dictate how errors should generalize from one limb position and velocity to another. To estimate how sensory cues are encoded by these neural elements, we designed experiments that quantified spatial generalization in environments where forces depended on both position and velocity of the limb. The patterns of error generalization suggest that the neural elements that compute the transformation encode limb position and velocity in intrinsic coordinates via a gain-field; i.e., the elements have directionally dependent tuning that is modulated monotonically with limb position. The gain-field encoding makes the counterintuitive prediction of hypergeneralization: there should be growing extrapolation beyond the trained workspace. Furthermore, nonmonotonic force patterns should be more difficult to learn than monotonic ones. We confirmed these predictions experimentally.
Catheter atrioventricular junction ablation for recurrent supraventricular tachycardia with nodoventricular fibers

Abstract Patients with nodoventricular (Mahaim) fibers are predisposed to the development of a variety of arrhythmias, which are usually amenable to pharmacologic management. 1 Closed-chest catheter atrioventricular (AV) junction albation, which has been shown to be an effective treatment for supraventricular tachycardia, 2,3 has recently been applied in a patient with tachycardia involving a Mahaim fiber. 5 We report observations in 2 cases in which tachycardia was effectively controlled using this technique, including 3-year follow-up of nodoventricular fiber conduction in 1 patient and absence of retrograde conduction in both patients. The inability of the nodoventricular fibers to conduct retrogradely has not been previously described.
1,3,5-Triaroylbenzenes as Ligands: Synthesis and Characterization of Three New Coordination Polymers from the Tritopic Ligand 1,3,5-Tris(4,4‘,4‘ ‘-tricyanobenzoyl)benzene and Ag(I)X (X = OSO2CF3, BF4, or PF6)

Three new coordination polymers have been prepared from 1,3,5-tris(4-cyanobenzoyl)benzene and the Ag(I) salts AgOTf, AgBF4, and AgPF6. In each instance, the triaroylbenzene derived ligand serves as a nonchelating bridging unit connecting three different silver ions via coordination to the nitrile moieties. The polymers assembled in the presence of noncoordinating counterions (BF4 and PF6) were found to be topologically similar, and these anions appear to facilitate the generation of channels (approximate dimensions 13 × 17 A) within the crystalline lattice. The presence of these anions, network interpenetration, and the inclusion of small molecule solvates substantially reduce the overall porosity of these polymers. These results demonstrate the feasibility of constructing crystalline metal−organic coordination polymers from triaroylbenzene building blocks and also provide a starting point for the design of more robust and potentially functional materials.
Electrical properties of parenchymal cell membranes in the oat coleoptile.

Parenchymal cells of oat (Avena sativa) coleoptiles had an osmotic concentration of 410 mM (determined by plasmolysis); of this only 22 mM was K+ and 1 mM Na+ (flame photometry). Cells were impaled with micropipette electrodes. Iontophoretic injection of the dye Niagara sky-blue from the micropipette showed that the tip of the electrode penetrated the vacuole. When sections of tissue were immersed in a solution of 22 mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl2, and 50 mM glucose, average membrane potential was found to be 38.5 mV inside negative specific membrane resistance was ∼510 Ω cm2, and specific membrane capacitance, ∼2 μf cm-2. The cell membranes showed <25% retification and no electrical excitability. Electrotonic coupling of adjacent cells could not be demonstrated.
Field dependence-independence from a working memory perspective: a dual-task investigation of the Hidden Figures test.

Field dependence-independence (FDI) is a construct intensively investigated within cognitive style research, but its cognitive underpinnings are not clearly specified. We propose that performance on FDI tasks primarily reflects the operations of the visuospatial and executive components of working memory. We tested this hypothesis in a dual-task experiment with a commonly used measure of FDI, the Hidden Figures Test. The results showed that performance on this test was impaired by concurrent performance of secondary tasks that primarily tap the visuospatial component (spatial tapping) and the executive component (2-back and random number generation), but was almost unaffected by other secondary tasks (simple tapping and articulatory suppression). Moreover, an analysis of secondary task performance ruled out the possibility of strategic trade-offs and revealed an intriguing dissociation for two different sets of “randomness” indices for the random number generation task. These results support the hypothesi...
Measured and predicted behavior of pulses in Debye- and Lorentz-type materials

Published laboratory measurements are found to agree with two groups' completely independent asymptotics for the decay and spread of transient pulses in a Debye model, and the spread in a Lorentz model. The measured dc-content pulses decay with depth nearly as x/sup -1/2/ (water) and x/sup -1/3/ (concrete) in coaxial cables. The measured full-widths at half-maximum spread nearly as the reciprocal of the decay rates.
Type inference for objects

Type inference. Types are useful because they can help a compiler generate good code and because “well-typed programs cannot go wrong.” In languages such as Pascal and Ada, variables must be declared with a type, and the compiler can then verify whether a given program is indeed well-typed. This verification is called type checking. Type inference is the computation of missing type annotations. It allows us to omit some or all of the type annotations in our programs, and it is successfully used in functional languages such as ML and Haskell.
Factors Influencing Civic Engagement at Australian and U.S. Research Universities: Two Illustrative Examples

The founding of the Australian system of higher educationclosely parallels the creation of public postsecondary educationin the United States during the nineteenth century. Theirsubsequent histories reflect a growing recognition of postsecondaryeducation’s capacity to shape the economic prospectsnot only of individuals, but of entire nations. Less recognizedare the ways individual institutions (which collectively constitutethese systems) affect their local communities. In this article,we briefly outline the economic impact of postsecondary educationin Australia and the United States and then describe how aresearch university in each country, the University of Pennsylvaniain West Philadelphia and the University of Queensland, hasserved as a key anchor institution for its local area. A variety offactors are explored, including local context, funding sources,university leadership, and institutional mission.
The project MOHAVE tracer study: study design, data quality, and overview of results

In the winter and summer of 1992, atmospheric tracer studies were conducted in support of project MOHAVE, a visibility study in the southwestern United States. The primary goal of project MOHAVE is to determine the effects of the Mohave power plant and other sources upon visibility at Grand Canyon National Park. Perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) were released from the Mohave power plant and other locations and monitored at about 30 sites. The tracer data are being used for source attribution analysis and for evaluation of transport and dispersion models and receptor models. Collocated measurements showed the tracer data to be of high quality and suitable for source attribution analysis and model evaluation. The results showed strong influences of channeling by the Colorado River canyon during both winter and summer. Flow from the Mohave power plant was usually to the south, away from the Grand Canyon in winter and to the northeast, toward the Grand Canyon in summer. Tracer released at Lake Powell in winter was found to often travel downstream through the entire length of the Grand Canyon. Data from summer tracer releases in southern California demonstrated the existence of a convergence zone in the western Mohave Desert.