cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Network Analysis in East Africa: The Social Organization of Urban Transients*

Des analyses sociologiques de villes en Afrique de l'Est et ailleurs, indiquent qu'elles peuvent etre decrites de facon utile en tant que composantes de reseaux sociaux. On a cherche, recemment, a classifier les proprietes structurales de plusieurs genres de reseaux. Cependant, on a neglige l'analyse de facteurs sous-jacents a la persistance de ces reseaux. Cet article est centre sur la mobilite geographique que l'on concoit comme l'un ces facteurs. De cette maniere, on est non seulement amenea mieux comprendre les reseaux sociaux urbains mais aussi a suggerer une complete refonte de la theorie sociologique urbaine classique. Sociological analysis of towns in East Africa, and elsewhere, indicate that they may be usefully described as composites of social networks. Recently much discussion has been directed towards a classification of the structural properties of various kinds of networks. However, less attention has been paid to an analysis of the factors underlying the persistence of these networks. This paper focuses on geographical mobility as one such factor, not only as a means of understanding urban social networks but also to suggest a rethinking of classical urban sociological theory.
Sentence Recall by Children With SLI Across Two Nonmainstream Dialects of English

Purpose The inability to accurately recall sentences has proven to be a clinical marker of specific language impairment (SLI); this task yields moderate-to-high levels of sensitivity and specificit...
Exercise in aging: its important role in mortality, obesity and insulin resistance

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Obesity and physical inactivity increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and certain cancers. Obesity and low levels of physical fitness are also associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Central and total obesity, insulin resistance and inactivity increase with age. Exercise training and increased fitness promote positive changes in body composition and improve insulin sensitivity. This article will describe the effects of exercise training, both aerobic and resistive, on body composition and obesity as well as review studies investigating the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in older adults. Adopting a physically active lifestyle should be emphasized in overweight and obese individuals with insulin resistance to reduce the risk for cardiovascular events in the aging population.
Assessment of Diazinon Toxicity in Sediment and Water of Constructed Wetlands Using Deployed Corbicula fluminea and Laboratory Testing

Constructed wetlands for mitigation of nonpoint agricultural runoff have been assessed for their ability to decrease potential toxicity from associated contaminants. After a simulated runoff event, constructed wetlands positioned in series were used to measure the effects of the organophosphate insecticide diazinon. Water, sediment, and plant samples from five sites were analyzed for diazinon concentrations from 0.5 hours to 26 days; peak concentrations were measured in sediment after 0.5 hours (268.7 μg/kg) and in water and plant tissue after 3 hours (121.71 μg/L and 300.7 μg/kg, respectively). Cholinesterase activity and changes in shell growth were measured from Corbicula fluminea deployed at corresponding sites. Water collected after 9 hours from all wetland sites contained diazinon concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia, but not to Pimephales promelas. C. dubia survival was decreased in water sampled through 7 days from the site nearest runoff introduction, whereas C. fluminea deployed at this same site experienced 100% mortality after 26 days. Clams from lower sites survived wetland conditions, but growth and ChE activity were significantly decreased lower than that of clams from a control site. C. dubia exposed to water from these sites continued to have decreased survival throughout the 26-day sampling. Sediment sampled from 48 hours through 14 days at the lowest wetland site decreased the laboratory survival of Chironomus dilutus, and sediment from upper sites elicited an effect only on day 26. Although wetland concentrations of aqueous diazinon were decreased lower than toxic thresholds after 26 days, decreased ChE activity in deployed clams provided evidence of residual diazinon effects to deployed organisms.
Predictive and construct validity of the developing cognitive abilities test: Relations with the iowa tests of basic skills

This study investigated the predictive and construct validity of the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test in a heterogeneous sample of 863 sixth grade students. Level H of the DCAT was administered during the student's sixth grade year and selected subtests of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills were administered eight months later during their seventh grade year. Results showed that correlations between the DCAT and Iowa Tests of Basic Skills ranged from .50 (DCAT Spatial-ITBS Language Usage) to .74 (DCAT Total-ITBS Mathematics Problem Solving) with a median r= .635. Correlations also supported the construct (convergent) validity of the DCAT when compared to the ITBS with the DCAT Verbal subtest correlating significantly higher with the ITBS Vocabulary, Reading, and Language Usage than either the DCAT Quantitative or Spatial subtests which are not as verbally oriented. The DCAT Quantitative subtest was associated with the ITBS Mathematics Problem Solving to a greater extent than either the DCAT Verbal or Spatial subtests. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Turbulence, Magnetism, and Shear in Stellar Interiors

Stars can be fascinating settings in which to study intricate couplings among convection, rotation, magnetism, and shear, usually under distinctly nonlinear conditions that yield vigorous turbulence. The emerging flux and the rotation rates of stars can vary widely, yet there are common elements that must contribute to building and maintaining the vibrantly evolving magnetic activity they exhibit. Some of these elements, such as the rotational shear and meridional flows established by the coupling of convection with rotation, can now be studied in detail within our nearest star using helioseismology. Major three-dimensional numerical simulations help refine our intuitions about such interior dynamics, aided by rapid advances in supercomputing that are improving the fidelity of the modeling. These developments, combined with intense thrusts at new high resolution and continuous observations of solar magnetism and solar oscillations, herald a promising era for exploring such astrophysical fluid dynamics.
Estimating plot-level tree heights with lidar: local filtering with a canopy-height based variable window size

In recent years, the use of airborne lidar technology to measure forest biophysical characteristics has been rapidly increasing. This paper discusses processing algorithms for deriving the terrain model and estimating tree heights by using a multiple return, high � / density, small-footprint lidar data set. The lidar data were acquired over deciduous, coniferous, and mixed stands of varying age classes and settings typical of the southeastern US. The specific objectives were: (1) to develop and test algorithms to estimate plot level tree height using lidar data, and (2) to investigate how ground measurements can help in the processing phase of lidar data for tree height assessment. The study area is located in the Piedmont physiographic province of Virginia, USA and includes a portion of the Appomattox-Buckingham State Forest (37825?N, 78841?W). Two lidar processing algorithms are discussed */the first based on single tree crown identification using a variable window size for local filtering, and the second based on the height of all laser pulses within the area covered by the ground truth data. Height estimates resulted from processing lidar data with both algorithms were compared to field measurements obtained with a plot design following the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field data layout. Linear regression was used to develop equations relating lidar-estimated parameters with field inventories for each of the FIA plots. As expected, the maximum height on each plot was predicted with the highest accuracy (R 2 values of 85 and 90%, for the first and the second algorithm, respectively). The variable window size algorithm performed better for predicting heights of dominant and co-dominant trees (R 2 values 84 � /85%), with a diameter at breast height (dbh) larger than 12.7 cm (5 in), when compared with the algorithm based on all laser
The Protective Effect of Late Preconditioning Against Myocardial Stunning in Conscious Rabbits Is Mediated by Nitric Oxide Synthase: Evidence That Nitric Oxide Acts Both as a Trigger and as a Mediator of the Late Phase of Ischemic Preconditioning

Abstract Seventy-four conscious rabbits undergoing a sequence of six 4-minute coronary occlusion/4-minute reperfusion cycles for 3 consecutive days (days 1, 2, and 3) were assigned to nine groups. In group I (controls, n=8), the recovery of systolic wall thickening (WTh) after the sixth reperfusion was markedly improved on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1, indicating late preconditioning (PC) against myocardial stunning; the total deficit of WTh after the sixth reperfusion was reduced by 56% on day 2 and 50% on day 3 compared with day 1 (P<.01). Administration on day 2 of the nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NA) (group II, n=8) or of the selective inducible NOS inhibitors aminoguanidine (AG) (group IV, n=8) and S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT) (group VI, n=6) completely abrogated late PC against stunning on day 2. On day 3, the expected PC effect became manifest in all groups. Administration of L-NA, AG, or SMT on day 1 (groups III [n=7], V [n=6], and VII [n=5], respectivel...
How to Diagnose Hair Loss

This review presents a systematic approach to the diagnosis of hair loss. An accurate diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination, laboratory tests, and scalp biopsy. Whether the hair loss is a cicatricial or noncicatricial alopecia guides one's history taking. After assessing the patient's global appearance, the hair and scalp are evaluated, aided by a hair pull, hair tug, Hair Card, and hair mount. Scalp biopsies can confirm a diagnosis and are essential in all cases of cicatricial alopecia. In all patients with hair loss a complete blood count, ferritin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and vitamin D 25OH should be ordered.
The culture(s) of the technical communicator

The role of the technical communication practitioner stems from the need for members from two distinct professions to connect; for example, engineers have created some new technology, and users who are (assumedly) unfamiliar with the technology want or need to understand that technology. The article presents an interface between the two professions which proposes a reconceptualization of the relationship between technicians/engineers and users. This reconceptualization can and should be provided by technical communicators who create a culture which encompasses both the technician and the user. In addition, this reconceptualization parallels the means originally proposed by C. P. Snow (1959) to mend the rift between the sciences and the humanities.
Cohesive-Shear-Lag Model for Cycling Stress-Strain Behavior of Unidirectional Ceramic Matrix Composites

During fatigue tests of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), the stress-strain hysteresis loops undergo typically through various changes in shape and size before they stabilize after many cycles. These hysteresis loops are a good representation of intrinsic deformation and damage modes occurring in the materials. The present study proposes a cohesive-shear-lag model to analyze the cyclic stress-strain behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced CMCs. The model, as a modification to classical shear-lag model, takes into account the effects of spatially distributed fracture of a partial number of fibers as well as matrix cracking and partial interfacial debonding. The effect of the distributed fibers fracture is modeled in an average sense by using a cohesive damage law. The proposed model has been utilized to investigate the stress-strain hysteresis loops of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic-glass matrix composite, SiC/1723. The results demonstrate its capability not only in characte...
Cellular encapsulation enhances cardiac repair.

Background Stem cells for cardiac repair have shown promise in preclinical trials, but lower than expected retention, viability, and efficacy. Encapsulation is one potential strategy to increase viable cell retention while facilitating paracrine effects. Methods and Results Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were encapsulated in alginate and attached to the heart with a hydrogel patch in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. Cells were tracked using bioluminescence (BLI) and cardiac function measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Microvasculature was quantified using von Willebrand factor staining and scar measured by Masson's Trichrome. Post-MI ejection fraction by CMR was greatly improved in encapsulated hMSC-treated animals (MI: 34±3%, MI+Gel: 35±3%, MI+Gel+hMSC: 39±2%, MI+Gel+encapsulated hMSC: 56±1%; n=4 per group; P <0.01). Data represent mean±SEM. By TTE, encapsulated hMSC-treated animals had improved fractional shortening. Longitudinal BLI showed greatest hMSC retention when the cells were encapsulated ( P <0.05). Scar size at 28 days was significantly reduced in encapsulated hMSC-treated animals (MI: 12±1%, n=8; MI+Gel: 14±2%, n=7; MI+Gel+hMSC: 14±1%, n=7; MI+Gel+encapsulated hMSC: 7±1%, n=6; P <0.05). There was a large increase in microvascular density in the peri-infarct area (MI: 121±10, n=7; MI+Gel: 153±26, n=5; MI+Gel+hMSC: 198±18, n=7; MI+Gel+encapsulated hMSC: 828±56 vessels/mm2, n=6; P <0.01). Conclusions Alginate encapsulation improved retention of hMSCs and facilitated paracrine effects such as increased peri-infarct microvasculature and decreased scar. Encapsulation of MSCs improved cardiac function post-MI and represents a new, translatable strategy for optimization of regenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Diagnosis and Management of Lumbar Disk Disease

Acute low-back pain is one of the most common problems encountered by primary-care physicians. A few patients have severe neurologic impairment or evidence of cancer or other serious underlying systemic illness. For such patients, a broad differential diagnosis must be considered, and a prompt work-up and specialty consultation may be necessary. For most patients with acute low-back pain, extensive laboratory and imaging tests are unnecessary, and rapid improvement can be expected with only simple treatment measures. Physical therapy is useful in patients with refractory symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging and other sophisticated spinal imaging should usually be reserved for patients who are being considered for an operation. Surgical referral should be considered for the patient with a documented lumbar disk herniation that correlates precisely with clinical findings. Surgical treatment is usually elective in patients with persistent radicular pain and a mild to moderate neurologic deficit, urgent in patients with severe or progressive monoradiculopathy, and emergent in patients with the cauda equina syndrome. Lumbar diskectomy with magnified vision is the surgical procedure of choice, and success rates or 80 to 90% can be expected in properly selected patients.
The importance of reliability to the SunShot Initiative (Presentation Recording)

The U.S. Department of Energy’s SunShot Initiative was launched in 2011 to make subsidy-free solar electricity cost competitive with conventional energy sources by the end of the decade. Research in reliability can play a major role in realizing the SunShot goal of $0.06/kWh. By improving photovoltaic module lifetime and reducing degradation rates, a system’s lifetime energy output is increased. Increasing confidence in photovoltaic performance prediction can lower perceived investment risk and thus the cost of capital. Accordingly, in 2015, SunShot expects to award more than $40 million through its SunShot National Laboratory Multiyear Partnership (SuNLaMP) and Physics of Reliability: Evaluating Design Insights for Component Technologies in Solar (PREDICTS) 2 funding programs, for research into reliability topics such as determining acceleration factors, modeling degradation rates and failure mechanisms, improving predictive performance models, and developing new test methods and instrumentation. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Variability of Controls on Microwave Emission From Snow-Covered Mountainous Regions

Using passive microwave (PM) remote sensing to estimate snow water equivalent (SWE) in mountainous areas is challenging, because the interactions between the mountain environmental variables and microwave emission are very complex; a better understanding of these interactions will be helpful to ultimately improve the estimation of mountain SWE with PM. In this study, we performed an analysis of the 36.5-GHz vertical polarization (V-Pol) microwave radiance over the Upper Kern basin in the southern Sierra Nevada that was simulated for a previous study, to interpret the spatiotemporal radiance variability and its connection with the mountain environment. The modeled radiance is close to the advanced microwave scanning radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) observed radiance; the RMSE of the modeled dry season basin-scale brightness temperature ( ${{\mathbf{T}}_{\mathbf{b}}}$ ) is 3.1 K. The modeling was conducted at a high spatial resolution (90 m) to better characterize the significant radiance variability as a result of the complex mountainous terrain. A set of environmental variables has been explicitly parameterized into each modeling pixel; these environmental variables include elevation, fractional vegetation coverage, SWE, snow grain size, aspect, and slope. We correlated these environmental variables with the modeled microwave radiance to explore the effects of each environmental control, and to quantify each variable’s explanatory power in terms of the radiance variability. In this study, all the correlation calculations are statistically significant with confidence level higher than 95%. We found that the controlling power of each environmental factor varies over a snow season, and the dominating environmental factors change with respect to increase in snow accumulation. Vegetation and elevation, and SWE and grain size are two sets of dominating factors for the radiance: when SWE is less than 0.01 m, vegetation and elevation explain 55% of the radiance variability, while SWE and grain size explain 29% of the spatial variability. When SWE exceeds 0.01 m, SWE and grain size take over the dominance and explain 56% of the radiance variability, while vegetation and elevation explain 25%. The distribution of snow grain size over the Upper Kern exhibits large spatial variability. Snowpack temperature gradient, snow age, and wet metamorphism are significant factors related to snow grain growth. Snow age and temperature gradient are equally dominant for spatial patterns of grain size and ${{\mathbf{T}}_{\mathbf{b}}}$ in the areas with deep and dry snow cover, while snow age and wet metamorphism dominate the grain size and ${{\mathbf{T}}_{\mathbf{b}}}$ in the low elevation areas with shallow snow.
Spousal Characteristics and Older Adults' Hospice Use: Understanding Disparities in End-of-Life Care

Abstract Background: Hospice use has been shown to benefit quality of life for patients with terminal illness and their families, with further evidence of cost savings for Medicare and other payers. While disparities in hospice use by patient diagnosis, race, and region are well documented and attention to the role of family members in end-of-life decision-making is increasing, the influence of spousal characteristics on the decision to use hospice is unknown. Objectives: To determine the association between spousal characteristics and hospice use. Design: We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a prospective cohort study, linked to the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care and Medicare claims. Setting: National study of 1567 decedents who were married or partnered at the time of death (2000–2011). Measures: Hospice use at least 1 day in the last year of life as measured via Medicare claims data. Spousal factors (e.g., education and health status) measured via survey. Results: In multivariate mo...
Arterial Access in Patients With De Novo Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Coronary Angiography.

Bleeding is a major limitation of antithrombotic therapy among invasively managed patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACSs). Randomized clinical trials have generally failed to favor either the femoral or the radial arterial approach for coronary angiography or intervention in NSTE-ACS. In 561 hospitalized patients with a new diagnosis of NSTE-ACS referred for coronary angiography, 364 and 197 patients underwent the femoral and the radial approach, respectively. Femoral and radial access did not differ in bleeding complications in the first 72 hours (8 of 364 or 2.2% vs 8 of 197 or 4.1%, P = .21), duration of hospitalization (4.67 ± 5.02 vs 4.51 ± 4.81, P = .28) nor in-hospital mortality (0.8% vs 0.5%, P = .67). Contrast volume was higher for femoral versus radial cases (204 ± 119 vs 168 ± 104, P < .001). In patients with de novo NSTE-ACS without prior cardiac bypass, radial and femoral arterial access did not differ in instances of bleeding within the first 72 hours post...
The hot body issue: Weight and caption tone in celebrity gossip magazines

While representations of bodies and weight have been studied in regards to fashion and fitness magazines, little research exists that examines such representations in celebrity gossip magazines. Using data collected through content analysis of 262 photo-caption units published in June 2015 issues of American celebrity gossip magazines, this study examines representations of bodies within the genre and the relationship between the gender, race, and body size of pictured celebrities and the tone of accompanying captions. Results indicate that celebrity gossip magazines critique the bodies of both female and male subjects, but that women are more likely to be the subject of negative comments than men. Underweight women and overweight men are especially targeted for criticism. Latinos are praised more often than other racial groups. The implications of these representations are discussed.
Explication and Definition of Mental Health Recovery: A Systematic Review

This review assessed the concordance of the literature on recovery with the definition and components of recovery developed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Each SAMHSA identified recovery component was first explicated with synonyms and keywords and made mutually exclusive by authors. Inter-rater reliability was established on the coding of the presence of 17 recovery components and dimensions in 67 literature reviews on the recovery concept in mental health. The review indicated that concordance varied across SAMHSA components. The components of recovery with greatest concordance were: individualized/person centered, empowerment, purpose, and hope.
Embedded column base connections subjected to seismic loads: Strength model

Abstract Seismically designed mid- to high-rise steel moment resisting frames in the United States are commonly constructed with the lowest portion of the first story column embedded into a concrete footing to transfer large moments and forces. Despite their prevalence, these Embedded Column Base (ECB) connections have not been experimentally examined until recently, such that strength estimation methods for other types of connections are usually adapted for their design. Based on recent experiments, current approaches for designing ECB connections are examined, and a new strength characterization method is presented. Mechanisms for internal force transfer within the connection are postulated; these include horizontal bearing of the column flange against the concrete, panel zone shear, and vertical bearing of the embedded base plate against the concrete. The proposed approach has two components: (1) a process for moment distribution between the horizontal and vertical bearing mechanisms, and (2) idealized stress distributions for estimation of associated limit states. The proposed method is able to characterize the experimentally observed specimen strengths with good accuracy, such that the average test-predicted ratio is 1.01, with a coefficient of variation 0.06. No significant bias in accuracy of the method is observed with respect to test variables. Limitations of the study are discussed; these arise from its empirical aspects which may not be generally extrapolated to configurations significantly different from the experiments upon which the method is based.
Analytic Philosophy and Star Trek

Hegel’s absolute is embedded in the Star Trek text. This is clearly evident in the episode “Transfiguration”—with a character achieving knowledge of the whole. “Sacred Ground” explicitly points to “spirits”—in the Hegelian sense—and the idea that the real extends beyond the material, so-called rational, realm. More than just postulating the existence of the absolute, Star Trek ostensibly makes the argument that through honesty, selflessness, and a commitment to scientific, intellectual discovery people can know the absolute and bring forth its promise.
A bio-inspired electronic mechanism for unsupervised learning using structural plasticity

Learning in the human brain is mediated by different forms of plasticity. The circuit processing spatiotemporal inputs we demonstrate here highlights the mechanisms and role of structural plasticity. In many neuromorphic systems, synaptic plasticity is used for learning, memory and information processing. In these systems, neurons are fully or sparsely connected and synaptic connections between neurons become stronger or weaker during the learning process. However, in living organisms, structural plasticity plays a role in learning as well. To demonstrate the utility of structural plasticity, our example circuit autonomously learns spatiotemporal patterns with structural plasticity rather than synaptic plasticity, learning by long-term changes in neural pathways rather than by updating synaptic weights. Our neuromorphic system has a completely non Von-Neumann architecture; it does not have separate units for memory and processing. Instead, its memory and processing capability emerge from the way its neurons are connected. Finally, inputs do not have preconceived meaning and therefore the circuit learns to recognize repeated input patterns in an unsupervised mode. Incorporating both structural plasticity and synaptic plasticity into individual neurons is the ultimate goal of the BioRC project.
Learning gene regulatory networks from next generation sequencing data

In recent years, next generation sequencing (NGS) has gradually replaced microarray as the major platform in measuring gene expressions. Compared to microarray, NGS has many advantages, such as less noise and higher throughput. However, the discreteness of NGS data also challenges the existing statistical methodology. In particular, there still lacks an appropriate statistical method for reconstructing gene regulatory networks using NGS data in the literature. The existing local Poisson graphical model method is not consistent and can only infer certain local structures of the network. In this article, we propose a random effect model-based transformation to continuize NGS data and then we transform the continuized data to Gaussian via a semiparametric transformation and apply an equivalent partial correlation selection method to reconstruct gene regulatory networks. The proposed method is consistent. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method can lead to much more accurate inference of gene regulatory networks than the local Poisson graphical model and other existing methods. The proposed data-continuized transformation fills the theoretical gap for how to transform discrete data to continuous data and facilitates NGS data analysis. The proposed data-continuized transformation also makes it feasible to integrate different types of data, such as microarray and RNA-seq data, in reconstruction of gene regulatory networks.
TransAct: Transfer learning enabled activity recognition

Activity recognition using smartphone has great potential in many applications like healthcare, obesity management, abnormal behavior detection, public safety and security etc. Typical activity detection systems are built on to recognize a limited set of activities that are present in the training and testing environments. However, these systems require similar data distributions, activity sets and sufficient labeled training data in both training and testing phases. Therefore, inferring new activities is challenging in practical scenarios where training and testing environments are volatile, data distributions are diverge and testing environment has new set of activities with limited training samples. The shortage of labeled training data samples also degrades the activity recognition performance. In this work, we address these challenges by augmenting the Instance based Transfer Boost algorithm with k-means clustering. We evaluated our TransAct model with three public datasets - HAR, MHealth and DailyAndSports and demonstrated that our TransAct model outperforms traditional activity recognition approaches. Our experimental results show that our TransAct model achieves ≈ 81% activity detection accuracy on average.
Genome-wide gene expression dataset used to identify potential therapeutic targets in androgenetic alopecia

Abstract The microarray dataset attached to this report is related to the research article with the title: “A genomic approach to susceptibility and pathogenesis leads to identifying potential novel therapeutic targets in androgenetic alopecia” (Dey-Rao and Sinha, 2017) [1] . Male-pattern hair loss that is induced by androgens (testosterone) in genetically predisposed individuals is known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The raw dataset is being made publicly available to enable critical and/or extended analyses. Our related research paper utilizes the attached raw dataset, for genome-wide gene-expression associated investigations. Combined with several in silico bioinformatics-based analyses we were able to delineate five strategic molecular elements as potential novel targets towards future AGA-therapy.
Automated Software Development Tools and Methodology for Control Systems Design

Abstract The restructuring of conceptual mathematics models, graph-theory methodology, and task-level object-orientation are used to form the basis of automated software production for target execution hardware of architectural classes extending from a single processor to highly parallel or distributed computing environments. Efficient software-build methodologies, applications primitives and repositories, and applications-design software tools are the directed outcomes from this pilot program research—which uses the automated development of guidance and control software as an advanced weapon system technology demonstration.
General Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Electrolysis Systems

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has received significant attention in academic research, although the techno-economic prospects of the technology for the large-scale production of chemicals are unclear. In this work, we briefly reviewed the current state-of-the-art CO2 reduction figures of merit, and performed an economic analysis to calculate the end-of-life net present value (NPV) of a generalized CO2 electrolyzer system for the production of 100 tons/day of various CO2 reduction products. Under current techno-economic conditions, carbon monoxide and formic acid were the only economically viable products with NPVs of $13.5 million and $39.4 million, respectively. However, higher-order alcohols such as ethanol and n-propanol could be highly promising under future conditions if reasonable electrocatalytic performance benchmarks are achieved (e.g. 300mA/cm2 and 0.5V overpotential at 70% faradaic efficiency). Herein, we established performance targets such that if these targets are ach...
Promoting parental acceptance of bisexuality: A case study of attachment-based family therapy

Attachment-based family therapy is an empirically supported, manualized treatment spanning over 15 years of research and clinical practice. Increasingly, research and clinical evidence emphasize th...
Severe fire weather and intensive forest management increase fire severity in a multi-ownership landscape.

Many studies have examined how fuels, topography, climate, and fire weather influence fire severity. Less is known about how different forest management practices influence fire severity in multi-owner landscapes, despite costly and controversial suppression of wildfires that do not acknowledge ownership boundaries. In 2013, the Douglas Complex burned over 19,000 ha of Oregon & California Railroad (O&C) lands in Southwestern Oregon, USA. O&C lands are composed of a checkerboard of private industrial and federal forestland (Bureau of Land Management, BLM) with contrasting management objectives, providing a unique experimental landscape to understand how different management practices influence wildfire severity. Leveraging Landsat based estimates of fire severity (Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio, RdNBR) and geospatial data on fire progression, weather, topography, pre-fire forest conditions, and land ownership, we asked (1) what is the relative importance of different variables driving fire severity, and (2) is intensive plantation forestry associated with higher fire severity? Using Random Forest ensemble machine learning, we found daily fire weather was the most important predictor of fire severity, followed by stand age and ownership, followed by topographic features. Estimates of pre-fire forest biomass were not an important predictor of fire severity. Adjusting for all other predictor variables in a general least squares model incorporating spatial autocorrelation, mean predicted RdNBR was higher on private industrial forests (RdNBR 521.85 ± 18.67 [mean ± SE]) vs. BLM forests (398.87 ± 18.23) with a much greater proportion of older forests. Our findings suggest intensive plantation forestry characterized by young forests and spatially homogenized fuels, rather than pre-fire biomass, were significant drivers of wildfire severity. This has implications for perceptions of wildfire risk, shared fire management responsibilities, and developing fire resilience for multiple objectives in multi-owner landscapes.
Treatment Use Among College Women Following a Campus Shooting.

Despite increases in campus shootings, there is limited research on treatment utilization after these tragic events. The present study prospectively examined the prevalence and predictors of treatm...
Textural features for steganalysis

It is observed that the co-occurrence matrix, one kind of textural features proposed by Haralick et al., has played a very critical role in steganalysis. On the other hand, the data hidden in the image texture area has been known difficult to detect for years, and the modern steganographic schemes tend to embed data into complicated texture area where the statistical modeling becomes difficult. Based on these observations, we propose to learn and utilize the textural features from the rich literature in the field of texture classification for further development of the modern steganalysis. As a demonstration, a group of textural features, including the local binary patterns, Markov neighborhoods and cliques, and Laws' masks, have been selected to form a new set of 22,153 features, which are used with the FLD-based ensemble classifier to steganalyze the HUGO on BOSSbase 0.92. At the embedding rate of 0.4 bpp (bit per pixel) an average detection accuracy of 83.92% has been achieved. It is expected that this new approach can enhance our capability in steganalysis.
Large-Scale Generation and Screening of Hypothetical Metal-Organic Frameworks for Applications in Gas Storage and Separations

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystals that are synthesized in a building-block approach that greatly facilitates rational design. MOFs are promising materials for gas storage and separation applications, but they are also intriguing for their potential use as catalysts, electrodes, and drug delivery vehicles. For these reasons, MOFs have spurred a renewed interest in the concept of “crystal engineering,” where the crystal structure of a material is designed to meet application-specific criteria. This chapter reviews recent work in the computational design of MOFs, with an emphasis on high-throughput methods that generate and screen many thousands of candidates automatically.
Were Big-Game Hunters Targeting Fat?

While our focus in the preceding discussion has been on paleoanthropology’s ­preoccupation with protein, over the past decade or so perspectives in the field have begun to shift, and a growing number of researchers now accept the potential shortcomings of a diet that is heavily based on the fat-poor muscle tissues typical of most African ungulates. As a result, a number of paleoanthropologists are now empha­sizing the importance of the fat that early hominins could glean from the marrow bones and brains of hunted (or scavenged) large game. Thus, while nutritionally motivated meat-eating and big-game hunting still retain their position of prominence in most contemporary evolutionary scenarios, animal-derived fat obtained mostly from marrow and brain is now seen as an essential part of the picture (e.g., Bunn and Ezzo 1993; Cordain et al. 2001; see also arguments and counter-arguments in Blumenschine and Caro 1986:275; Blumenschine and Madrigal 1993; Lupo 1998; Madrigal and Blumenschine 2000).
Chapter 9 Capillary electrophoresis: Principles and applications

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on capillary electrophoresis (CE). It provides an overview of the instrument components and the modes of separation by CE. The five major formats of a CE experiment are capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), and capillary isotachophoresis (CITP). In the MEKC format, surfactants at or above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) are used to create a pseudophase into which solute molecules may partition. Based on the mechanism of separation by selective partitioning, even uncharged molecules may be separated using MEKC. Though a number of surfactants can be used, the most popularly used is the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). CITP is the only method which does not produce discrete zones, but rather continuous zones. The separation mechanism is based on a fast leading ion and a slow terminating ion.
A cancer precision medicine platform for multiple simultaneous genomic assays from metastatic biopsies (bx) in ER+ metastatic breast cancer.

11513Background: The ability to perform multiple genomic tests on metastatic (met) bx may enable cancer research and precision medicine. Questions remain about feasibility of obtaining multiple met...
Traumatic brain injury associated with dementia risk among people with type 1 diabetes.

Objective To examine the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia risk among a cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods We evaluated 4,049 members of an integrated health care system with T1D ≥50 years old between January 1, 1996, and September 30, 2015. Dementia and TBI diagnoses throughout the study period were abstracted from medical records. Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations between time-dependent TBI and dementia adjusting for demographics, HbA1c, nephropathy, neuropathy, stroke, peripheral artery disease, depression, and dysglycemic events. Fine and Gray regression models evaluated the association between baseline TBI and dementia risk accounting for competing risk of death. Results A total of 178 individuals (4.4%) experienced a TBI and 212 (5.2%) developed dementia. In fully adjusted models, TBI was associated with 3.6 times the dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] 3.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34, 5.68). When accounting for the competing risk of death, TBI was associated with almost 3 times the risk of dementia (HR 2.91; 95% CI 1.29, 5.68). Conclusion This study demonstrates a marked increase in risk of dementia associated with TBI among middle-aged and elderly people with T1D. Given the complexity of self-care for individuals with T1D, and the comorbidities that predispose them to trauma and falls, future work is needed on interventions protecting brain health in this vulnerable population, which is now living to old age.
Multiloculated Hydrocephalus: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Implications

Pediatric patients with multiloculated hydrocephalus represent a neurosurgical challenge. While multiloculated hydrocephalus is a relatively rare occurrence, patients with this pathology may require multiple surgeries and complicated shunt designs. Additionally, their neurological outcome tends to be poorer than hydrocephalic patients without loculations. This chapter describes risk factors for multiloculated hydrocephalus such as neonatal infection and intraventricular hemorrhage. Diagnostic criteria and methods for imaging multiloculated hydrocephalus are also discussed. Several common treatments are discussed including shunting, craniotomy for fenestration of loculations, and neuroendoscopic fenestration of loculations. Finally, possible methods for the prevention of multiloculated hydrocephalus are discussed.
Chapter 19 – Introduction to Video Processing

Publisher Summary The importance of this chapter is on the processing of Video. Video signal processing is used throughout the broadcast industry, the surveillance industry, in many military applications, and is the basis of many consumer technologies. The description of the chapter has also evaluated that there are several conventions, or “color spaces,” used to construct pixels. The broadcast industry originally used black-and-white images, so a video signal contained only luminance (or brightness) information. Interlaced video requires half the bandwidth to transmit as no interlaced, or progressive, video at the same frame rate because only one half of each frame is updated at the 60 fps rate. There are several methods available for de-interlacing, which can result in different video qualities under different circumstances. Video data are very large, due to two spatial dimensions, high resolution, and requires 60 fps. To store or transmit video, data compression technology is used. This capability is essential to allow services such as video on demand or streaming video to handheld wireless devices. Video compression is a loss process in which some information is lost.
COVID19 and the Media Introductory Note

All of the authors who have contributed to this issue on COVID19 and the Media have stepped out of the rush of change, if only for a 2000-word moment, to look into a corner of the mediated pandemic...
Network structure and rapid HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: A simulation-based analysis.

Abstract As HIV incidence among people who inject drugs grows in the context of an escalating drug overdose epidemic in North America, investigating how network structure may affect vulnerability to rapid HIV transmission is necessary for preventing outbreaks. We compared the characteristics of the observed contact tracing network from the 2015 outbreak in rural Indiana with 1000 networks generated by an agent-based network model with approximately the same number of individuals (n = 420) and ties between them (n = 913). We introduced an initial HIV infection into the simulated networks and compared the subsequent epidemic behavior (e.g., cumulative HIV infections over 5 years). The model was able to produce networks with largely comparable characteristics and total numbers of incident HIV infections. Although the model was unable to produce networks with comparable cohesiveness (where the observed network had a transitivity value 35.7 standard deviations from the mean of the simulated networks), the structural variability of the simulated networks allowed for investigation into their potential facilitation of HIV transmission. These findings emphasize the need for continued development of injection network simulation studies in tandem with empirical data collection to further investigate how network characteristics played a role in this and future outbreaks.
Significance of the spatial resolution of DEM in regional slope stability analysis Enguri Dam, Republic of Georgia

Landslides are the most common natural hazard in mountainous terrains and have a high potential to disrupt human activities and damage infrastructure when they occur in populated areas. The study area encompasses a portion of the Enguri Hydroelectric Dam (and reservoir), along with the steep, clay-rich slopes directly to the east of the reservoir. A large landslide in this area would have far-reaching negative consequences, as the Enguri Hydroelectric facility provides 50% of domestic energy production and serves as an anchor for socio-economic stability in the region. In order to reduce the risks associated with these slope failures, it is essential to improve our ability to forecast future landslides and determine which slope areas should be targeted for mitigation practices. This study will view the significance of input Digital Elevation Model (DEM) spatial resolution (30 m vs. 12 m) within a physics-based numerical model for regional slope stability analysis. Unlike the previous researches that have viewed the significance of input DEM spatial resolution within statistical slope stability models, we found that there is considerable improvement in the quality of output landslide susceptibility maps when utilizing DEMs with a higher spatial resolution. At 12 m spatial resolution, there is more distinct delineation of the reservoir boundary adjacent to the base of the hazardous slope. More importantly, the trials utilizing the 12 m DEM accounted for 0.22 km2 of the new slope area that is considered “unstable” (FS < 1.25). These important details were completely missed at a spatial resolution of 30 m. The findings from this study highlight the advantages of utilizing high spatial resolution DEMs when using a physics-based numerical model for a regional slope stability analysis. Landslide susceptibility maps with higher spatial resolution reveal important slope details that could drastically improve the efficiency of landslide mitigation practices, and aid in the forecasting of potentially catastrophic slope failures.
When Good Balance Goes Bad: a Discussion of Common Pitfalls When Using Entropy Balancing

In many research settings, entropy balancing (Hainmueller 2012) is a convenient statistical method for reweighting a control sample to achieve covariate balance with a treatment sample of interest. Despite this, researchers raise several concerns and questions not specifically addressed by Hainmueller (2012). We discuss a handful of the most common issues that arise in empirical-archival accounting research settings. We demonstrate these issues and propose empirical solutions, using the setting of estimating the Big-N audit fee premium as an empirical illustration.