cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of thrombolysis in a porcine model of chronic deep venous thrombosis: an endovascular model.

Abstract Purpose: The advancement of catheter-based interventions for vascular recanalization has underscored the need for an experimental animal model of vascular thrombosis that can be used for the evaluation of interventional therapies. In this model, a porcine model of deep venous thrombosis with a novel endovascular technique was described, and the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy with urokinase was evaluated. Methods: An endovascular device that consisted of a tapered polytetrafluoroethylene graft attached within a self-expanding nitinol stent was delivered to bilateral common iliac veins in 20 pigs. Venous thrombosis occurred as a result of flow stasis created by the intrastent stenosis. Catheter-directed pulse-spray thrombolysis with urokinase (250,000 units) and heparin (5000 IU) was performed on one limb while the contralateral limb received control saline solution. Thrombolysis was performed in 1 hour (n = 4), 8 hours (n = 4), 3 days (n = 4), 7 days (n = 4), and 14 days (n = 4) after the stent-graft deployment. Venography and intravascular ultrasound were used to evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis. Light microscopy was used for histologic analysis of the thrombus. Results: Complete thrombolysis was achieved in groups with deep vein thrombosis that were younger than 1 day. Angioplasty of the tapered stent-grafts in the completely thrombolysed iliac vein was successful in restoring venous flow. The efficacy of thrombolysis in 3-day, 7-day, and 14-day groups was 86% ± 7%, 73% ± 13%, and 42% ± 23%, respectively. The thrombolytic efficacy was enhanced to 92% ± 16% and 86% ± 18% ( P Conclusion: The thrombolytic efficacy of urokinase correlated with the chronicity of deep venous thrombosis in our model. An increased dose of urokinase may be used to enhance the efficacy of thrombolysis in a 1-week-old thrombus. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:621-7.)
Combined testing of anterior pituitary gland with insulin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

Abstract Provocative tests of hypothalamic-pituitary function were performed in 20 healthy subjects to learn whether the simultaneous testing by three agents—insulin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone—was feasible. The responses to simultaneous testing on one day did not differ significantly from those to testing on three separate days. The time and expense of pituitary-hypothalamic testing can thus be much reduced with no impairment of reliability and with no increased risk to the patient.
WHAT'S IN A NICKNAME? PRICE AND VOLUME EFFECTS OF A PURE TICKER SYMBOL CHANGE

We examine the effect of a voluntary change in ticker symbol without other contemporaneous corporate events such as a name change. We find significant declines in trading volume and prices on the effective date of the ticker change. We segment the sample by exchange listing, share turnover activity, and subperiod. We observe declines in trading volume in all subsamples and negative abnormal returns in recent years.
ANALYZING GEOGRAPHICALLY DISCRETE WAREHOUSING NETWORKS BY COMPUTER SIMULATION

This paper describes a comprehensive simulation modeling approach to the problem of locating warehousing facilities in a fashion that minimizes the cost associated with operating a multi-product, multi-source, multi-destination distribution system. The digital simulation model presented in the study is derived within an “industrial dynamics” framework, utilizes input from an existing management information system, and employs a number of relatively simple heuristic procedures to analyze various alternative warehousing networks. Simulation results, in terms of the distribution costs associated with various warehouse locations, are presented for cases involving the effect of provision of a 100% service level, the effect of constraining product availability and/or inventory capacities at various warehouses, and the effect of deleting various warehouses from the existing warehouse network.
Vice's vicious virtues : the supererogatory as obligatory

AbstractSamantha Vice’s essay, ‘How Do I Live in This Strange Place?’, is a sensitive and subtle exploration of the difficult moral terrain of the issues of white responsibility and white moral self-reform in a South Africa that is formally post-apartheid, but still profoundly shaped by the legacy of white domination, both in its enduring socio-economic structures and in its citizens’ typical moral psychologies. Vice’s conclusion is that shame is the moral emotion most appropriate for whites unable to free themselves from white privilege and live up to what she sees as the required standards of moral excellence. In response, I argue that she is in effect making the supererogatory obligatory, and constructing an unrealistic schedule of virtues. Drawing on various recent writings on non-ideal theory, I suggest that standard moral distinctions need to be relocated to take systemic social oppression into account, thereby yielding a more forgiving moral taxonomy than Vice’s own over-demanding mapping.
Resource management using multiple feedback loops in soft real-time distributed object systems

This paper describes a Resource Management System for a soft real-time distributed object system that is based on a three-level feedback loop. The Resource Management System employs a profiling algorithm that monitors the usage of the resources, a least laxity scheduling algorithm that schedules the methods of the tasks, and hot spot and cooling algorithms that allocate and migrate objects to balance the loads on the resources. The Resource Management System consists of a single Resource Manager for the distributed system, and a Profiler and a Scheduler located on each of the processors in the distributed system.
Selective Oxidation of SiGe Alloys: A Route to Ge-on-Insulator Structures with Controlled Biaxial Strain

We report on the effects of oxidation of a Si 1-x Ge x film deposited onto a thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) (100) substrate on the strain state and crystalline perfection of the resulting high-Ge content layers. During oxidation, Si atoms were selectively incorporated in the SiO 2 layer and Ge atoms were concentrated between the top and buried oxides. We found that it is possible to retain the initial in-plane lattice spacing of silicon-germanium-on-insulator layer with final Ge compositions of about 60 atomic %, indicating the buried oxide layer surface retains a "memory" of the in-plane lattice spacing of the original SOI layer. Strain control mechanisms and the conditions required to maintain the initial in-plane lattice spacing of these films are discussed.
Behaviorism, Functionalism, and Mass Communications Policy

This article compares the functionalist and behaviorist approaches to mass communications research and examines their respective policy-making implications and limitations. The author, Chairman of the Department of Mass Communications, University of Denver, was President of the American Association for Public Opinion Research in 1973-74. This article was presented as the presidential address at the AAPOR annual conference in Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York, on June i, 1974.
A comparison of kinship foster homes and foster family homes: Implications for kinship foster care as family preservation

Abstract In recent years, child welfare caseloads have expanded rapidly, and increasing numbers of children have been placed with kin. Much of the current discussion surrounding kinship foster care stems from its rapid growth and the paucity of information about the placement type compared to our knowledge of other forms of foster care. The study reported here provides information about kinship foster care and foster family care focusing on the demographic characteristics of providers; the services providers receive; the children served in care; and issues of visitation with birth parents. The study highlights marked differences in providers and in the services they receive. Policy and practice considerations in the development of this field are also offered.
Computed tomography imaging technique and normal computed tomography anatomy of the temporal bone

Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone is an important diagnostic imaging tool. Good CT acquisition and postprocessing technique are critical for depicting pathology and normal anatomy. In this article, we discuss CT acquisition and reformatting technique, as well as normal anatomy on temporal bone CT.
Evaluation of Laparoscopic Tools for Usability and Comfort

Kathryn Done, Allison DiMartino, Timothy Judkins, Susan Hallbeck University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE and Dmitry Oleynikov University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE Many problems have been associated with current laparoscopic surgical tools, and work is being done to improve the design of many the tools and devices, but little improvement has resulted. The IDEA Lab at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has designed a comfortable and intuitive tool with added function as a result of questionnaire responses from student and expert surgeons. Surgeons were asked to respond to a questionnaire asking about pain and discomfort experienced from use of conventional laparoscopic grasper tools. Analysis of the results shows that more than 25% of all respondents experience problems during or after surgery in the following areas: neck pain and stiffness, shoulder/arm pain and stiffness, hand/wrist pain and stiffness, back pain and stiffness, mental fatigue, awkward manipulation of instruments, and performing precise movements. Eleven out of eighteen surgeons reported experiencing painful areas of the hand during or after laparoscopic surgery, including but not limited to, numbness of the thumb and soreness of the fingers. These results make it clear that the redesigns of the new laparoscopic grasper tool were needed. Further testing will be conducted to compare the new design to conventional tools and determine if all of the needs of surgeons have been met.
Testimony as Oral History: Lessons from South Africa

he hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and subsequent oral history projects elevated testimony as part of the South African transformation process. In this article, I argue that testimony as oral history is important as a public forum for people who have been historically invisible. In addition, two themes of testimony as oral history enhance our understanding of method and meaning in this type of research: (a) analyzing insider/outsider oral history not as binary but rather as a changing, living process, and (b) defining the divide between rapport and trust with the former as a research tool and the latter as a
Understanding the magnitude of emergent contaminant releases through target screening and metabolite identification using high resolution mass spectrometry: Illicit drugs in raw sewage influents

Abstract A QExactive Orbitrap was used for the identification of phase I and II transformation products (TPs) of illicit drugs in raw sewage influents. Two operating modes (targeted MS 2 and Data-dependent screening) were used for data acquisition. Even though, data-dependent scan is a faster route towards the potential identification of metabolites, it suffered from its limitation to provide enough data points across the chromatographic peak during the MS 2 cycle in contrast to targeted MS 2 . Therefore, the later technique was implemented as the method of choice in this study for the positive confirmation and quantitation of TPs ( n = 54). The vast majority of the identified TPs were products of phase I transformation reactions, with the latter being more prevalent in the nature. Estimated mole fractions showed that for a large number of the analytes, TPs must also be monitored in order to fully understand their environmental fate and calculate potential consumption.
Comparison of men and women presenting to an ED with acute appendicitis.

Appendicitis is a common problem presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Missed or delayed diagnosis can result in increased morbidity and is a common cause of malpractice claims. Diagnosis in women is more difficult because of additional clinical considerations. The study hypothesis is that women with appendicitis presenting to an ED experience a longer delay to operative intervention resulting in an increased rate of perforated appendix. A retrospective chart review of 196 male and female patients between twelve and fifty years of age presenting to the ED with final discharge diagnosis of appendicitis was performed. Mean time from ED presentation to operative intervention was 477 minutes for men and 709 minutes for women (P = .02). Perforated appendix was present in 38.7% of men and 23.5% of women (P = .002). Women with appendicitis presenting to an ED experience significant delay to surgery, however, this is not associated with an increased rate of perforation.
Use of ab initio methods to make phase equilibria predictions using activity coefficient models

Abstract An important challenge in applied thermodynamics is the prediction of mixture phase behavior without the use of any experimental data. Current group contribution methods are sometimes, but not always successful in this regard. Activity coefficient models, such as UNIQUAC and Wilson, have explicit energy parameters that are usually fitted to experimental data. In this communication, we present a unique, new method of obtaining values for these parameters. We use ab initio quantum mechanics methods to obtain a solution of the Schrodinger equation and determine the molecular interaction energies resulting from hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions. In particular, the Hartree–Fock (HF) method is used to determine the interaction energy between molecular pairs in clusters, and this information is then used in the UNIQUAC model to successfully predict the phase behavior. Examples given here are for the methanol+water, ethanol+water, acetic acid+water, and formic acid+water mixtures, the last of which is not accurately described by current group contribution methods. The analogous procedure using the Wilson model is less successful, suggesting that the energy parameters in the UNIQUAC model are of greater physical meaning.
Evaluation of biological control: introduced parasites of larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in Oregon.

Two species of European parasites, Agathis pumila (Ratzeburg) and Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratzeburg), have become established in a classical biological control project against the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hubner), in Oregon. A coarse analysis of population dynamics over 18 yr, including the periods before the population changed and as it changed, is presented for 13 plots. A detailed life table analysis over 9 yr is included for 3 of the plots. In the 10 yr before combined parasitism by introduced parasites exceeded 10%, moth density on the 13 plots averaged 52.6 per 100 buds, and parasitism was the key factor influencing population change on only 1 plot. As introduced parasites increased over the next 8 yr, however, moth density declined to 0.8 per 100 buds. A. pumila was the key factor on all 3 plots for which a detailed life table analysis was conducted. Mortality by A. pumila appeared to be delayed density-dependent. In the most advanced plots, mortality of larvae caused by A. pumila seems to be stabilizing moth numbers at low density. Final evaluation, however, awaits further long-term measurements.
EXTREMAL CAYLEY DIGRAPHS OF FINITE ABELIAN GROUPS

Cayley digraphs of finite abelian groups are often used to model communication networks. Because of their applications, extremal Cayley digraphs have been studied extensively in recent years. Given any positive integers d and k. Let m*(d, k) denote the largest positive integer m such that there exists an m-element finite abelian group Γ and a k-element subset A of Γ such that diam(Cay(Γ, A)) ≤ d, where diam(Cay(Γ, A)) denotes the diameter of the Cayley digraph Cay(Γ, A) of Γ generated by A. Similarly, let m(d, k) denote the largest positive integer m such that there exists a k-element set A of integers with diam(ℤm, A)) ≤ d. In this paper, we prove, among other results, that for all d ≥ 1 and k ≥ 1. This means that the finite abelian group whose Cayley digraph is optimal with respect to its diameter and degree can be a cyclic group.
Mucopolysaccharide-polypeptide interactions: Effect of the position of the sulfate group

Abstract The differences in the interaction in solution of poly( l -lysine) with chondroitin 6-sulfate (chondroitin sulfate C) and with chondroitin 4-sulfate (chondroitin sulfate A) have been studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both mucopolysaccharides force the poly( l -lysine) to adopt the α-helix in solution rather than the charged coil form expected at neutral pH. The observed spectra indicates that the polypeptide is at least 80% helical when the 6-sulfate form is present, but only about 20% α-helical in the presence of chondroitin 4-sulfate. Thus chondroitin66-sulfate has a stronger conformation directing effect on poly( l -lysine) than does the 4-sulfate, which is probably due to the different positions of the sulfate group on the polysaccharide c chain.
Uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst

Abstract Herein is presented an unusual case of uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction which was accurately diagnosed preoperatively with an intravenous pyelogram and supportive findings on ultrasound and computerized axial tomography. A review of the literature and discussion of pertinent clinical aspects are presented.
The GCN4 leucine zipper can functionally substitute for the heat shock transcription factor’s trimerization domain

Abstract The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is the only known sequence-specific, homotrimeric DNA-binding protein. HSF binds to a DNA recognition site called a heat shock element (HSE), which contains varying numbers of nGAAn units (“GAA boxes”) arranged in inverted repeats. To investigate the role of trimerization on HSF’s DNA-binding properties, we replaced the trimerization domain, which self-assembles to form a three-stranded α-helical coiled coil, with the GCN4 leucine zipper, which forms a two-stranded α-helical coiled coil. Surprisingly, this substitution did not effect the ability of HSF to function in vivo. Biochemical studies of an HSF-leucine zipper chimera in comparison to an HSF truncation show that the HSF-leucine zipper chimera, though dimeric in solution and dimeric when bound to a two-box HSE, forms a trimeric complex when bound to a three-box HSE. The ability to form trimers depends on the presence of three contiguous GAA boxes present in inverted repeats. The proximity of the leucine zippers due to the orientation of the binding sites suggests that the leucine zippers might be forming a three-stranded coiled coil and several experiments lend support to this model. The ability of the leucine zipper to change oligomeric states in context might explain why the leucine zipper can replace the trimerization domain of HSF in vivo.
When lawyers call clinicians.

Every psychiatrist, psychologist, and psychotherapist gets calls from attorneys from time to time, often with a request involving a patient. Patients sometimes ask their clinicians to become involved in their legal matters. Such calls and requests may sound straightforward, but they are often misleading, incomplete, or misunderstood. One should avoid being reflexively “helpful” when a lawyer calls or a patient makes such a special request. There may be no obligation to respond, or to respond immediately, although subpoenas must not be ignored; promptly contacting an appropriate supervisor, facility risk manager, malpractice insurance carrier, or one’s own attorney is often the best course of action. Office staff such as secretaries and receptionists should also be trained and cautioned regarding the principles discussed here. (Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2010;16:253–257)
Loneliness and Belonging: A Reflection on the Meanings and Values of Social Networks in the Wake of the Virginia Tech Shootings

This reflection draws on the author's personal and professional interest in social networks, social capital, and community to explore the implications of losing significant members of one's social network to catastrophic events such as the April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech (VT) shootings. Social theorists posit that the strength of weak ties comes from the opportunities that they present. Weak ties offer opportunities to meet others, expand networks, and become more embedded in our communities. Therefore, for the author, the events of 4/16 represent not only the loss of a friend but also a loss of opportunity. The VT shootings have pushed him to consider whether personal relationships and social networks can be objectified to the point that they may be managed. On a second analytical level, the shootings have pushed him to ask how local governments may incorporate social networks, community, and social capital into emergency planning and recovery efforts. Language: en
Motion of a plate driven by an explosive

In many applications it is useful to have an estimate of the velocity of a metal plate driven by an explosive as a function of time. With reasonable approximations, this problem has been solved exactly, but the result takes the form of a parametric solution, not the most convenient for everyday use. We give a simpler explicit solution and graphs plotted in variables suitable for accurate reading.
Historians, prehistorians, and the tyranny of the historical record: Danish state formation through documents and archaeological data

Historians traditionally have viewed the emergence of Denmark as a nation-state through western European primary sources, inferring a fragmented, politically divided region between AD 800 and AD 1050. Conversely, archaeologists using local-scale, single-site data argue for unification by ca. AD 800. An alternative is offered, combiningregional-scale archaeological methods (rank-size analyses) and consideration of westernand northern European texts. This approach reveals that as disparate polities unified, the “homelands” of ruling dynasties came under control quickly, while peripheral areas remained largely autonomous. To incorporate peripheral areas, rulers manipulated the location and function of political and economic centers. Local resistance to change is reflected in slow, uneven unification, interregional elite competition, and eventually, armed rebellion. The apparent discrepancies between historic and prehistoric data are no error; in fact, they mirror the inherent conflicts of this profound social transformation.
Delineation of motor and somatosensory thalamic subregions utilizing probabilistic diffusion tractography and electrophysiology

Purpose: To employ and compare probabilistic diffusion tractography (PDT) for the explicit localization of connections from the thalamus to somatosensory cortex (S1) and primary motor cortex (M1) / supplementary motor area (SMA) with microelectrode electrophysiology in patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Materials and Methods: These tractography-derived connections were used to categorize voxels in the thalamus as corresponding to sensory or motor physiology. A novel model (referred to in this work as the “mixture” model) to delineate PDT-based thalamic functional subregions by thresholding fiber intensities, ie, connectivity-defined regions (CDR), was devised. Regions created using this classification method were compared with the most commonly used model (referred to in this work as the “separation” or “winner takes all” model) for defining CDRs. Results: Electrophysiology data corresponded better for S1 CDRs created using the mixture model for both sensory and motor cells. Separation model CDRs showed poor correspondence against electrophysiology, with few sensory cells corresponding to the S1 separation model CDR. Conclusion: Mixture model-based CDRs may offer a significant improvement in delineation of functional subregions of subcortical structures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:600–609. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractionation of moderately volatile elements in ordinary chondrites

The CI chondrites are the most volatile-rich meteorites. Relative to the CI chondrites, the ordinary chondrites have lower abundances of refractory and volatile elements. Four types of fractionations are summarized in a table. Ordinary-chondrite/CI abundance ratios for moderately volatile elements in H- and L-group chondrites are presented in a graph. Possible explanations for the observed relations are considered, giving attention to several processes which could result in the separation of nebular solids and gases.
Intensity and duration of activity bouts decreases in healthy children between 7 and 13 years of age: a new, higher resolution method to analyze StepWatch Activity Monitor data.

Assessment of physical, ambulatory, activity using accelerometer-based devices has been reported in healthy individuals across a wide range of ages, as well as in multiple patient populations. Many researchers who utilize the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) rely on the default settings for data collection and analysis. A comparison was made between the standard output from the SAM software, and a novel method to evaluate all walking bouts using an Intensity-Duration-Volume (I-D-V) model in healthy children aged 7–13. 105 children without impairment wore the SAM for a total of 1691 d. Statistically significant differences were seen between 7-8-9 year olds and 10-11-12 year olds using the I-D-V model that were not seen using the standard SAM software default output. The increased sensitivity of this technique could be critical for observing the effect of various interventions on patients who experience physical limitations. This new analytical model also allows researchers to monitor activity and exercise-type behavior in a way which coincides with exercise prescription by assessing intensity, duration and volume of activity bouts.
Origin of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and peripheral bronchial adenocarcinoma

The morphologic distribution of newly synthesized glycoproteins in a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and in a peripheral bronchial adenocarcinoma with areas of bronchioloalveolar differentiation was determined and compared with bronchiolar epithelium and type II alveolar cells. Tissues were maintained in vitro, and autoradiography was used to reveal locations of glycoproteins metabolically labelled with 3H-glucosamine. Both tumors displayed glycoprotein secretory activity as most incorporated radioactivity was rapidly released from cells. Silver grains were associated with cytoplasmic granules and mucinlike secretions in the bronchioloaveolar carcinoma and granules plus unidentified secretions in the bronchial adenocarcinoma. Clara cells exhibited an association of newly synthesized glycoproteins with cytoplasmic granules similar to those found in the tumors. In bronchiolar ciliated epithelium, as in bronchial ciliated cells and central bronchogenic adenocarcinomas, glycoproteins accumulated over apical cell surfaces and were not rapidly secreted. Type II cells incorporated label into secreted contents of cytosomal inclusions and unidentified cytoplasmic material. The observations suggest that a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and a peripheral bronchogenic adenocarcinoma are distinct from common bronchogenic adenocarcinomas and are derived from secretory cells that resemble bronchiolar Clara cells.
A two-degree-of-freedom control moment gyro for high-accuracy attitude control.

1 Williams, M. L., Landel, R. F., and Ferry, J. D., "The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids," J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77, 3701-3707 (1955). 2 Bueche, F., Physical Properties of Polymers (Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, 1962), pp. 143-152. 3 Lohr, J. J., "Yield stress master curves for various polymers below their glass transition temperatures," Trans. Soc. Rheol. 9, 65-81 (1965). 4 Lohr, J. J., "Time-temperature-strain rate equivalence for various engineering thermoplastics," Applied Polymer Symposia, No. 1 (Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, 1965), pp. 55-70. 5 Lohr, J. J. and Parker, J. A., "Analysis of ultraviolet radiation effects on yield stress of polymethyl methacrylate," AIAA J. 3, 666-668 (1965). 6 Freeman, E. S. and Carroll, B., "The application of thermogravimetric techniques to reaction kinetics. The thermogravimetric evaluation of the kinetics of decomposition of ca cium ovalate monohydrate," J. Phys. Chem. 627, 394-397 (1958). 7 Doyle, C. D., "Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data," J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 5, 285-292 (1961). 8 Clauss, F. J., "An examination of high-temperature stress rupture correlating parameters," Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Mat. 60, 905-927 (1960). 9 Goldfein, S., "Prediction of mechanical behavior of plastics undergoing decomposition from the combined effects of environmental exposure and stress," J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 10, 1737-1750 (1966). 10 McLoughlin, J. R. and Tobolsky, A. V., "The viscoelastic behavior of polymethyl methacrylate," J. Colloid Sci. 7, 555-568 (1952). 11 Jellinek, H. H. G., Degradation of Vinyl Polymers (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1955). 12 Grassie, N., Chemistry of High Polymer Degradation Processes (Butterworths Scientific Publications Ltd., London, 1956). 13 Madorsky, S. L., Thermal Degradation of Organic Polymers (Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, 1964).
Elder Crime: Patterns and Current Trends, 1980—2004

Using the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)'s Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest statistics for the 1980 to 2004 period, we use age-standardization and Dickey-Fuller time-series techniques to examine recent trends in elderly crime (age 55+), both alone and compared to younger age groups. We find that (1) elderly arrest rates have either declined or remained essentially stable across the majority of UCR offense categories; (2) proportionate criminal involvement of the elderly is about the same now as 25 years ago, but where change has occurred, the trend is toward a smaller elderly share of criminal offending; (3) there has been very little change in the profile of the elderly offender, with elder arrests continuing to be overwhelmingly for minor offenses and alcohol-related violations. Shifts in elderly crime have generally been paralleled by similar trends among the nonelderly, indicating that recent social, economic, and legal changes have had similar impacts on arrest patterns across age groups.
Developing a research journal for the child welfare field

Abstract Journals provide a forum for critical inquiry and the development of an empirical knowledge base in their respective fields and professions. Since its inception, Children and Youth Services Review has been concerned with promoting and facilitating serious critical and empirical research in the child welfare field. The goal of the Review has been to publish research from a broad group of interdisciplinary scholars and researchers who have made important contributions to understanding the social and economic situation of children and youth and the effectiveness of various programs and policies directed to improving this situation. How successful has the Review been in achieving its goal?
Turnover of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the body water, CO2, hair, and enamel of a small mammal

Abstract Oxygen and hydrogen isotope signatures of animal tissues are strongly correlated with the isotope signature of local precipitation and as a result, isotope signatures of tissues are commonly used to study resource utilization and migration in animals and to reconstruct climate. To better understand the mechanisms behind these correlations, we manipulated the isotope composition of the drinking water and food supplied to captive woodrats to quantify the relationships between drinking water (δdw), body water (δbw), and tissue (δt). Woodrats were fed an isotopically constant food but were supplied with isotopically depleted or enriched water. Some animals were switched between these waters, allowing simultaneous determination of body water turnover, isotope change recorded in teeth and hair, and fractional contributions of atmospheric O2, drinking water, and food to the oxygen and hydrogen budgets of the animals. The half-life of the body water turnover was 3–6 days. A mass balance model estimated that drinking water, atmospheric O2, and food were responsible for 56%, 30%, and 15% of the oxygen in the body water, respectively. Drinking water and food were responsible for 71% and 29% of the hydrogen in the body water, respectively. Published generalized models for lab rats and humans accurately estimated δbw, as did an updated version of a specific model for woodrats. The change in drinking water was clearly recorded in hair and tooth enamel, and multiple-pool and tooth enamel forward models closely predicted these changes in hair and enamel, respectively. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the drinking water strongly influence the composition of the body water and tissues such as hair and tooth enamel; however, food and atmospheric O2 also contribute oxygen and/or hydrogen atoms to tissue. Controlled experiments allow researchers to validate models that estimate δt based on δdw and so will increase the reliability of estimates of resource utilization and climate reconstruction.
Androgenic influences on feminine sexual behavior in male and female rats: defeminization blocked by prenatal antiandrogen treatment.

The prenatal influence of androgen on the development of female sexual behavior in rats was investigated. The nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide (4′-nitro-3′-trifluoromethylisobutyrylanilide; SCH), was administered to pregnant female rats from days 10–22 of gestation in dosages of either 1 mg/mother day or 5 mg/mother day. Males and females were gonadectomized in adulthood and tested for the display of lordosis in response to estradiol benzoate (EB) alone or EB with progesterone (P). Males exposed prenatally to either the 1- or 5-mg dosage of flutamide exhibited significantly higher lordosis quotients than controls when given EB alone. The addition of P was without effect in all male groups with regard to estrogen-induced lordosis. Females exposed prenatally to flutamide had significantly higher lordosis quotients than controls when given either 0.175 or 0.25 μg EB daily for 3 days. Addition of P to EB treatment significantly facilitated lordosis display in control and flutamide-treated females. The inc...
A cross‐linguistic investigation of locus equations as a phonetic descriptor for place of articulation

A previous study [H. Sussman, H. McCaffrey, and S. Matthews, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 1309–1325 (1991)] of American English CV coarticulation showed a remarkably linear relationship between onset frequencies of F2 transitions, plotted on the y axis, in relation to the F2 midvowel ‘‘target’’ frequencies, plotted on the x axis, for CVC tokens with initial [b d g] and ten medial vowel contexts. Slope and y‐intercept values of regression functions fit to these scatterplots (‘‘locus equations’’) were shown to serve as statistically powerful phonetic descriptors of place of articulation. The present study extends the locus equation metric to three additional languages—Thai, Cairene Arabic, and Urdu—having both two and four place contrasts for syllable‐initial voiced stops. A total of 14 speakers (Thai=6, Arabic=3, Urdu=5) produced 1740 CVC tokens that were acoustically analyzed using MacSpeech Lab II. Strong linear regression relationships were found for every stop category across all speakers. Slopes and y intercepts systematically varied as a function of place of articulation. Cross‐language comparisons of stop place categories were performed but variability of slope and y intercept means tempered conclusions concerning the existence of CV ‘‘phonetic hot spots.’’
Chemically sensitive bioimaging with coherent Raman scattering

Coherent Raman imaging techniques have evolved to become powerful tools for biomedical imaging without the need for labelling.
Cavitation in pulmonary sarcomatous metastases with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Summary A case is reported of a man who developed multiple cavitated pulmonary sarcomatous metastases. The interpretation of the radiographic findings was complicated by the fact that he was in contact with an infectious case of tuberculosis. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy developed during the course of the illness.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ confers resistance to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) may serve as a useful target for drug development in non-diabetic diseases. However, some colorectal cancer cells are resistant to PPARγ agonists by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we provide the first evidence that elevated PPARδ expression and/or activation of PPARδ antagonize the ability of PPARγ to induce colorectal carcinoma cell death. More importantly, the opposing effects of PPARδ and PPARγ in regulating programmed cell death are mediated by survivin and caspase-3. We found that activation of PPARγ results in decreased survivin expression and increased caspase-3 activity, whereas activation of PPARδ counteracts these effects. Our findings suggest that PPARδ and PPARγ coordinately regulate cancer cell fate by controlling the balance between the cell death and survival and demonstrate that inhibition of PPARδ can reprogram PPARγ ligand-resistant cells to respond to PPARγ agonists.
Explosion in Geological Education and Its Future Effects on the Profession: ABSTRACT

This fall (1968) several hundred thousand high school students across the nation are studying their environment through a series of laboratory and field investigations. These investigations are designed to permit the students to discover principles of science for themselves and understand earth processes. Stream tables, rock and soil samples, fossil models, field trips, and stereoscopes are now commonplace in thousands of high schools. The earth and space orientation of this new science course will influence the perspective of millions of youngsters during the next few years. Geoscientists and their efforts will be viewed within the framework of science and the geodisciplines will benefit from an understanding and appreciation in the younger generation that they have never before experienced. Geology in particular stands to benefit from the new surge of interest that these youngsters will carry with them. A widespread realization of the essential and basic contribution of geology to the progress of mankind is but a part of the dividend. New areas of research will be opened and advanced as greater numbers of young scientists, teachers, and technicians apply their intellect to the study of our planet. Geologists in our universities and industries should be aware of this new facet of secondary school science education and be prepared to reap the benefits for the geologic profession. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1836------------
Energy-efficient architecture for stride permutation on streaming data

Stride permutation is widely used in various digital signal processing algorithms when implemented on FPGAs. Permuting a long data sequence through hardware wiring leads to high area consumption and routing complexity. A preferable approach is to build a hardware structure to permute streaming data inputs. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient architecture to perform stride permutation on streaming data. The supported problem size and stride are powers of two. A three-stage structure, composed of two stages of interconnection networks and one stage of data buffers, is used as a baseline architecture. To improve the energy efficiency, we develop a data remapping technique which reduces the required memory by 50% at the expense of small amount of extra logic. We also present a multiplexer-based cyclic shift interconnection network. Our proposed architecture is evaluated using two performance metrics: composite Energy ×Area × Time (EAT) and energy efficiency (defined as points/Joule). The experimental results show that the proposed data remapping technique reduces up to 40% dynamic power consumption compared with the baseline architecture. The proposed architecture results in a high energy efficiency of up to 75.3 giga points/Joule, and has an EAT ratio of 0.31 to 0.35 over the baseline architecture for various streaming width w (2 ≤ w ≤ 32).
Effect of Flow Orientation on Critical Heat Flux in Subcooled Flow Boiling

Recent work has demonstrated that as the bulk convective velocity in subcooled nucleate flow boiling increases, the heat transfer tends to become independent of flow orientation with respect to gravity. There is significant interest in developing heat exchangers for next generation spacecraft that operate in the gravity-independent flow boiling regime. In order to develop such heat exchangers it is important to understand the effect of gravity on the critical heat flux and to determine whether a gravity on the critical heat flux and to determine whether a gravity-independent flow boiling critical heat flux regime exists. This work describes subcooled flow boiling experiments where the critical heat flux is measured over a range of flow orientations with respect to gravity: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°. It has been found that at low bulk flow velocities there is a large variation of critical heat flux with different flow orientations. At large convective velocities, the variation of critical heat flux with different flow orientations is significantly diminished. It appears that with further increases in bulk flow velocity, a gravity-independent critical heat flux regime exists, although the current experimental facility was not capable of operating at those flow conditions.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Mechanisms of additive effectiveness

Discusses the nature and extent of base oil-additive and additive-additive interactions. The first interaction is in the bulk oil phase, where solution chemistry is involved. The second interaction occurs at the wear surfaces. Various experimental techniques (DSC, TFOUT, FRT, Four ball) were used to measure interactions. In an examination of base oil-additive-interactions on oxidation stability, various species of base oils exert a strong influence on the performance of antioxidants. In additive-additive interactions, the data suggest a strong concentration of dependent interaction patterns among the various additives and the base oils. Mechanistic studies are recommended to elucidate some of the observed phenonema.
Evaluation of precipitation chemistry siting criteria using paired stations from northern Maine and southeastern Texas

Abstract Two-year precipitation chemistry data records from each of the two paired stations are compared to determine whether the precipitation chemistry is different. In each pair, one of the stations (Caribou, Maine and Victoria, Texas) violates National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) siting requirements, while the other station (Presque Isle, Maine and Beeville, Texas) is in compliance. Methods employed to carry out this study include the calculation of precipitation weighted statistics, the study of logarithmic distributions, the study of regression line residuals, the study of relative sample differences and the use of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test for two matched samples. Results indicate no clear differences occurred between paired stations over a seasonal or longer period of time; however, considerable variation was observed on a weekly basis. Maine stations were in excellent agreement for all ions; Texas stations showed small differences between ions typically associated with soil dust and between ions typically associated with anthropogenic activity.
Penile mass caused by the newly described organism Mycobacterium Celatum

We report a penile infection in a man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by a newly described infectious organism, Mycobacterium celatum. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the only mycobacterial species previously reported to cause infection in the penis. This is only the third documented human infection with M celatum, and the first to involve the genitourinary system.
Patterns of thymocyte differentiation markers on virus and radiation induced lymphomas of C57BL/Ka mice☆

To better understand the biology of tumorigenesis in virus and radiation lymphomas of C57Bl/Ka mice, we have examined the cell surface phenotypes of a large series of primary tumors induced by both agents. Data derived using flow cytometry and recently available monoclonal antibodies to thymocyte differentiation antigens supports three major conclusions. First, tumor cell populations are unimodal for staining with most antibodies and are probably of clonal origin. Second, many, but not all, tumor cells show surface phenotypes similar to those of previously defined subpopulations of normal thymocytes. Third, at the cell surface level, no major differences between virus- and radiation-induced lymphomas can be discerned. Our data thus further define the relationship between thymomas induced by these two agents.
Vomiting of liquid corticosteroids in children with asthma.

Background:Oral corticosteroids are an essential part of the management of children with acute asthma exacerbations. Vomiting is a frequently cited problem attributed to oral corticosteroids. A new formulation of prednisolone, Orapred, claims to have improved palatability that may decrease the incid
Design and synthesis of guanidine-containing novel retinoids

Abstract Guanidine-containing new retinoids 1–4 were synthesized through the addition of guanidine to the activated carboxylic acids (retinoids) promoted by carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). A set of structurally and functionally diverse guanidine derivatives of retinoids were obtained in high yields (78–82%). We are in the process of studying the biological effect of these molecules on retinoic acid signaling pathways.
A Population Genetic Test of Selection at the Molecular Level

The role of natural selection in molecular evolution has been inferred primarily by rejection of null hypotheses based on neutral theory, rather than by acceptance of specific predictions based on selection. In this report, a population genetic test of a specific prediction for selection on DNA polymorphism is presented. Pyrethroid insecticide use constitutes an experiment for which form of selection and molecular target (voltage-gated sodium channels) are both known. As predicted, differential pyrethroid selection on tobacco budworm populations generated significant geographic heterogeneity in sodium channel marker allele frequencies, compared with arbitrary loci.
Modelling of candle burning with a self-trimmed wick

As an example of a coupled gas-phase diffusion flame with porous media flow, a candle burning model with a porous wick is offered in this paper. The porous media analysis includes capillarity-induced liquid flow, liquid vaporisation, vapour motion and re-condensation and multi-phase heat transfer. Coupling with the gas phase flame is through the conservation of mass, momentum and energy at the wick surface. The steady state solutions obtained not only yield the flame structure but also the detailed flow pattern and saturation distributions inside the wick. One of the novel features of the present model is the capability to address the self-trimming phenomena of candle burning. The self-trimming wick length and the associated flame characteristics have been computed as a function of gravity level, wick permeability and wick diameter.