cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Racial Entitlements: From Epithet to Theory

From warnings of the “entitlement epidemic” brewing in our homes to accusations that Barack Obama “turned our merit-society into an Entitlement Society,” entitlements carry new meaning these days, with particular negative psychological and behavioral connotation. As Mitt Romney once put it, entitlements “can only foster passivity and sloth.” For conservatives, racial entitlements emerge in this milieu as one insidious form of entitlements. In 2013, Justice Scalia, for example, famously declared the Voting Rights Act a racial entitlement, as he had labeled affirmative action several decades before. In this Article, I draw upon and upend the concept of racial entitlement as it is used in modern political and judicial discourse, taking the concept from mere epithet to theory and setting the stage for future empirical work. Building on research in the social sciences on psychological entitlement and also on theories and research from sociology on group-based perceptions and actions, I define a racial entitlement as a state- provided or backed benefit from which emerges a belief of self-deservingness based on membership in a racial category alone. Contrary to what conservatives who use the term would have us believe, I argue that racial entitlements can be identified only by examining government policies as they interact with social expectations. I explain why the Voting Rights Act and affirmative action are not likely to amount to racial entitlements for blacks and racial minorities, and I present one way in which anti-discrimination law today may amount to a racial entitlement—for whites. Theorizing racial entitlements allows us a language to more accurately describe some of the circumstances under which racial subordination and conflict emerge. More importantly, it gives us a concrete sense of one way in which laws can interact with people to entrench inequality and foster conflict. It uncovers the psychological and emotional baggage associated with racial entitlements, baggage that can turn seemingly neutral laws as well as those that explicitly rely on racial classifications against broader nondiscrimination goals. This conceptual gain, in turn, can provide practical payoff: it provides us with opportunity to isolate laws or government programs that are likely to amount to racial entitlements for targeted change.
Introducing the Theory of Probabilistic Hierarchical Learning for Classification.

This is the 5th paper in our series of papers on hierarchical learning for classification. Hierarchical learning for classification is an automated method of creating hierarchy list of learnt models that are on the one hand capable of partitioning the training set into equal number of subsets and on the other hand are also capable of classifying elements of each corresponding subset into classes of the problem. In this paper, the probabilistic hierarchical learning for classification has been formalized and presented as a theory. The theory asserts that the accurate models of complex datasets can be produced through hierarchical application of low complexity models. The theory is validated through experiments on five popular real-world datasets. Generalizing ability of the theory is also tested. Comparison with the contemporary literature points towards promising future for this theory. The theory is covered by four postulates, which are carved out elegantly through mathematical formalisms.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS FROM NORTHERN INDIA

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Innovation in Aging following peer review. The version of record Banerjee, K., & Baker, T. A. (2019). PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS FROM NORTHERN INDIA. Innovation in Aging, 3(Suppl 1), S313. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1146 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1146. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Essay #21: Taxonomies & Teaching

This essay is a report after many years of teaching upon the use of multi-celled taxonomies in the process of teaching philosophy. A taxonomy, as the term is being used here, is a multi-celled matrix. Four such are discussed in the essay. The first such has been used in a variety of courses that involve the philosophy of religion. It contrasts faith-based positions with gnostic, or knowledge based views, and applies those heading to the positions of the theist, atheist, agnostic, and the positivist. The second matrix discussed concerns the topic of the human soul, where that is understood as an immaterial component of a human being. As with the previous matrix, an eight–celled array is generated. The third scheme has a different geometry and yields what I call “the Pentacle of Knowledge”. It represents five possible positions concerning knowledge, or the lack thereof. The points of the pentacle combine to yield five quite distinct epistemic categories. The fourth and final matrix is both simpler, having only four cells, and yet much subtler. It involves crossing the ontological distinction of the abstract/concrete, with the logical distinction between universals and particulars. The discussion analyzes and illustrates each of the four categories and discusses their pedagogical usefulness, while providing some relevant bibliographical references.
Development and Implementation of a Hydrofluoric Acid Safety Program in an Academic Institution

In 2018, the chemical safety team of the Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Department at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) developed and implemented a comprehensive hydrofluoric acid (HF) safet...
Seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among employees in a pork food processing enterprise

OBJECTIVE To understand the situation of seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection among employees in a pork food processing enterprise in Dongtai City. METHODS Totally 200 employees from a pork food processing enterprise in Dongtai City were selected as the research objects. The venous blood of the selected population was extracted and the IgG antibody against T. gondii in serum was detected by ELISA, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 200 employees, 36 cases were positive in IgG antibody detection, the positive rate was 18.0%. The positive rate of IgG antibody among workers with different length of service was significantly different (χ2 = 9.813, P < 0.05). With the increase of working age, the positive rate of IgG antibody gradually increased. The positive rate of IgG antibody to T. gondii was significantly higher in the population who had frequent contact with animals. CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of IgG antibody against T. gondii in employees in pork food processing enterprises is high. Therefore, the detection of antibodies against T. gondii and health education should be strengthened in this population.
Multicolor Chemical Imaging by Sum Frequency Generation Imaging Microscopy of Monolayers on Metal Surfaces

Sum frequency generation imaging microscopy (SFG-IM) is a unique surface-specific technique that can detect the spatial distributions of differing monolayer species based on chemical contrast. Here...
Taste, cost, convenience, and food choices

Summary Food choices are complex decisions that are largely guided not only by perceptions of taste, cost, and convenience but also by consumer concerns about health, safety, and increasingly, the environment. The concept of taste refers to taste, aroma, texture, and the pleasure response to foods. The cost component covers food prices and the relative affordability of alternative food patterns. Convenience refers to ease of physical access to food sources and to the time spent buying and preparing food. The healthfulness of foods has been measured using nutrient density metrics. The environmental cost of food production is increasingly cited as a potential driver of future food choices and a predictor of future diets. While taste is an important driver of food choices, it is not the only one. The current emphasis in public health nutrition is on sustainable food systems and on the adequacy, quality, and, above all, affordability of the global food supply. All too often, good-tasting empty calories are cheap, whereas nutrient-rich foods are more expensive. Public health programs to improve nutrient density of population diets ought to consider taste, cost, and convenience among the key drivers of food choice and food consumption patterns.
Replacing Pivoting in Distributed Gaussian Elimination with Randomized Techniques

Gaussian elimination is a key technique for solving dense, non-symmetric systems of linear equations. Pivoting is used to ensure numerical stability but can introduce significant overheads. We propose replacing pivoting with recursive butterfly transforms (RBTs) and iterative refinement. RBTs use an FFT-like structure and randomized elements to provide an efficient, two-sided preconditioner for factoring. This approach was implemented and tested using Software for Linear Algebra Targeting Exascale (SLATE). In numerical experiments, our implementation was more robust than Gaussian elimination with no pivoting (GENP) but failed to solve all the problems solvable with Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting (GEPP). Furthermore, the proposed solver was able to outperform GEPP when distributed on GPU-accelerated nodes.
Weak Galerkin finite element methods with or without stabilizers

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the connections between the weak Galerkin (WG) methods with and without stabilizers. The choices of stabilizers directly affect the convergence rates of the corresponding WG methods in general. However, we observed that the convergence rates are independent of the choices of stabilizers for these WG elements with stabilizers being optional. In this paper, we will verify such phenomena theoretically as well as numerically.
Market Power and Asymmetric Learning in Product Markets

We study how market structures and asymmetries in learning technologies affect trade in a product market. In this market, a new product of unknown quality is introduced to challenge a pre-existing product of known quality. We show that market efficiency (the first-best) is achieved both under monopoly and competition if buyers are symmetric in their learning process. Instead, if buyers are asymmetric, only a monopolistic market in which the seller of the old product also sells the new one is efficient. We identify inefficiency as a learning externality that consumption of the unknown quality product by one buyer generates for the other buyers. The equilibrium inefficiency has two essential features: (i) Efficiency at the top: the threshold for starting to serve the best learners (i.e., to enter into a Beta phase) remains the optimal one; (ii) Non-monotonicity: distortions are not monotone in the extent of the asymmetry. Importantly, if sellers can offer take-it-or-leave-it multilateral contracts, the distortion disappears. Finally, we explore our results’ robustness under different assumptions about the ability to price discriminate and other market structures.
Longitudinal study of knee load avoidant movement behavior after total knee arthroplasty with recommendations for future retraining interventions.

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate clinical and biomechanical changes in self-report survey, quadriceps strength and gait analysis over 3- and 6-months post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and confirm the immediate effects of two forms of kinetic biofeedback on improving inter-limb biomechanics during a physically demanding decline walking task. Methods Thirty patients with unilateral TKA underwent testing at 3- and 6-months following surgery. All underwent self-report survey, quadriceps strength and gait analysis testing. Patients were assigned to one of two types of biofeedback [vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), knee extensor moment (KEM)]. Results No decrease in gait asymmetry was observed in non-biofeedback trials over time (p > 0.05), despite significant improvements in self-report physical function (p Conclusion Gait compensation remained similar from 3- to 6-months during a task requiring greater knee demand compared to overground walking post-TKA, despite improvements in self-report survey and quadriceps strength. Single session gait symmetry training at 6-month supports findings at 3-month testing that motor learning is possible. KEM biofeedback is more effective at immediately improving joint kinetic loading compared to vGRF biofeedback post-TKA.
Increasing awareness for soil biodiversity and protection : The international touring exhibition ‘The Thin Skin of the Earth’

The Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Gorlitz developed an international touring exhibition with the title ‘The Thin Skin of the Earth – Our Soils’ as the national contribution to the International Year of the Soil 2015. Since the opening of the exhibition in October 2015 it had been shown at six localities and seen by more than 120,000 visitors. It will tour at least for another four years. The exhibition deals with soil biodiversity, the heterogeneity of soils as well as soil protection. It meets the challenge to present objects, processes, topics and formats completely unknown to most of the public by using recent most specifically developed digital and analogue formats and a sophisticated scenography. To address its main messages to the visitors, emotionalizing and immersive forms of information transfer are crucial and, therefore, central elements of the educational concept. The general concept behind the exhibition, its contents, the educational approaches applied and the major results of an external evaluation are described. Conclusions are drawn on the suitability of touring exhibitions and the approaches chosen to inform and sensitize a broad public for soil protection.
Who is a scientist? The relationship between counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists and the STEM major intentions of Black and Latinx male and female students

Despite the diverse student population in the USA, the labor force in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) does not reflect this reality. While restrictive messages about who belongs in STEM likely discourage students, particularly female and minoritized students, from entering these fields, extant research on this topic is typically focused on the negative impact of stereotypes regarding math ability, or the existence of stereotypes about the physical appearance of scientists. Instead, this study builds on the limited body of research that captures a more comprehensive picture of students’ views of scientists, including not only the type of work that they do but also the things that interest them. Specifically, utilizing a sample of approximately 1000 Black and Latinx adolescents, the study employs an intersectional lens to examine whether the prevalence of counter-stereotypical views of scientists, and the association such views have on subsequent intentions to pursue STEM college majors, varies among students from different gender and racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Black female students, Latinx male students). While about half of Black and Latinx students reported holding counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists, this is significantly more common among female students of color, and among Black female students in particular. Results from logistic regression models indicate that, net of control variables, holding counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists predicts both young men’s and women’s intentions to major in computer science and engineering, but not intentions to major in either physical science or mathematics. Additionally, among Black and Latinx male students, counter-stereotypical perceptions of scientists are related to a higher likelihood of intending to major in biological sciences. The results support the use of an intersectional approach to consider how counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists differ across gender and racial/ethnic groups. Importantly, the results also suggest that among Black and Latinx youth, for both female and male students, holding counter-stereotypical beliefs promotes intentions to enter particular STEM fields in which they are severely underrepresented. Implications of these findings and directions for future research, specifically focusing on minoritized students, which are often left out in this body of literature, are discussed.
Libyan Jewish Women's Lore: From Homeschooling to Formal Education

The source of Libyan Jewish women's lore was the environment in which they lived, which was shaped—intellectually, socially, and economically—by the gender norms of Libyan Jews. These norms were based on Jewish traditions and the surrounding Muslim society, which since the mid-sixteenth century was under Ottoman rule until the Italian occupation of 1911. Formal education for Jewish girls became available in Libya from the 1870s, first through European enterprises and from the 1930s also by the community. This paper examines Libyan Jewish women's lore and what was the impact of the developing educational, social, and economic opportunities for growing numbers of Libyan Jewish women, mainly in the urban society, on their cultural capital from the late nineteenth century until the mass Jewish emigration from Libya starting in the late 1940s.
Studies with Tritiated Polypeptide Hormones II. BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRITIATED ACETAMIDINO-INSULIN

Abstract Tritiated acetamidino derivatives of insulin are readily prepared. That the reaction is specific for amino groups has been confirmed and the mildest conditions for optimal labeling established. At acid pH, there is no significant loss of tritium from the polypeptide. A small loss of 3H occurs after 3 months at pH 9. Acetamidino-insulin is fully potent in the following assays: mouse convulsion, muscle sugar transport, fat cell glucose oxidation, and immunoassay. A slight loss of potency was observed in some cases with high specific activity preparations. Acetamidination introduces some heterogeneity into insulin preparations, but the products appear to be biologically active and can be separated by disc gel electrophoresis.
Distributed Architecture for Mobile Contextual Integrated Field Work Applications

The current generation of corporate software tools a applications were not designed to support the unique needs of industrial field service work. Business software applications such as project management and time keeping, for example, are typically designed for traditional desktop computing office environments. As such, they assume low user mobility, high network availability and WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointer) user interfaces. These are also agnostic to physical environment context and are loosely integrated with one another, often requiring users to maintain duplicated information records. As a result, Field Services Personnel as Engineers, Superintendents and Craftsmen end up spending significant amount of their work time dealing with the consequences of these inefficiencies. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for mobile, contextual and integrated fieldwork software applications (or MCI) designed for mobile and wearable computing platforms. This software architecture defines a contextual and mobility-aware client side API, a flexible integration middleware, and instrumented backend services. We show how MCI can enable the construction of portable, mobile, context-aware and integrated software applications discussing its use in the implementation of Smart Outage, a mobile app used for automating common tasks in Field Engineering work.
A power-efficient architecture for EBCOT tier-1 in JPEG 2000

Power reduction has become a serious issue in recent years. In this paper, a power-efficient architecture for EBCOT tier-1 is proposed. EBCOT tier-1 architecture is divided into BC (bit-plane coding), AE (arithmetic encoding), and FIFO that connects BC with AE and balances the different throughput between them. In BC, simple control logics are added to reduce computation in bit-plane coding; in FIFO, memory access is reduced since AE is fed with fixed values instead of reading from FIFO; in AE, simple control logics are added to reduce computation in AE and forwarding technique combined with clock gating is adopted to reduce switching activities in the last two pipeline stages. Experimental results, with standard test image benchmarks, show that the proposed power reduction techniques keep the same system throughput and achieve about 48%, 16%, and 20% improvement for BC, FIFO, and AE, respectively, in the power consumption by comparison with the original architecture.
Review of Gerard A. Hauser, Prisoners of Conscience: Moral Vernaculars of Political Agency

Book Review. Gerard A. Hauser. Prisoners of Conscience: Moral Vernaculars of Political Agency . Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2013. 304 pages; hardcover $49.95; paper $34.95; ebook $34.95. ISBN 978-1-61117-076-4.
Blessed Anastácia: Women, Race, and Popular Christianity in Brazil

Blessed Anastacia: Women, Race, and Popular Christianity in Brazil. John Burdick. New York: Routledge. 1998. 246 pp.
Das Netzwerk der Montaigus zwischen Okzident und Orient

During the .rst half of the thirteenth century, the noble family of Montaigu from Auvergne featured a set of brothers who became masters of the Order of the Hospital (Garin) and that of the Temple (Peter), as well as members of the episcopate on Crusader Cyprus (Bishop Fulk of Limassol and Archbishop Eustorg of Nicosia). Some of them siblings were involved in the Fi.h Crusade, the Crusade of the Barons, and the earlier Crusade of King Louis IX of France. >eir niece and nephew respectively found themselves spouses from among the aristocracy of the Latin East (namely Alice, who married John of Caesarea, and Gerald who married Eschiva of Montbeliard), and other members of the family sta.ed high-ranking positions of the clergy in Auvergne (for example another nephew, Bishop Bernard of Le Puy). >is article combines a study of the synchronous Montaigu-family network with that of the diachronic context that saw France’s rise of the Capetians and the crusader states’ steady decline. Utilizing charter evidence from both East and West, chronicles, the genealogies of the crusader aristocracy (namely the so-called “Lignages d’Outemer”), as well as a translation account pertaining to the Holy Passion relic of the “Crown of >orns”, this article shows that the Montaigu-family network was extensive, at times dense enough to control a.airs in the Latin East, and yet overall rather subtle. It demonstrates, furthermore, that those members of the network who were members of the clergy generally subordinated their family’s interests to those of the Latin Church, and that they le. a legacy of ecclesiastical art that can still be seen in Auvergne and Cyprus today, which is evidence of the close links between this family-network from Auvergne and the crusading movement.
Effects of Steroids on Serotonin‐N‐Acetyltransferase Activity of Pineals in Organ Culture

Treatment of neonatal, but not adult, rats with glucocorticoids decreases the rise in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity upon stimulation with beta agonists. Pineals in organ culture and exposed to steroids also show a dose-dependent decrement in response to beta agonists which increases with steroid exposure time. Pineals from neonatal and adult animals are equally sensitive. The effects of steroids on pineals in organ culture appear to be reversible, and the order of potency of different steroids differs from that observed when steroids are administered in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo steroids appear to act at a site after cyclic AMP generation. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity in the adult pineal does not appear affected by steroid exposure.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in HIV—Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A wide array of diagnoses must be considered when a patient with advanced liver disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents with hypoxemia. It is important to entertain the possibility of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in such patients, a diagnosis that must be confirmed with a contrast-enhanced echocardiogram (bubble study). We describe a case of HPS diagnosed in a patient with HIV infection and chronic liver disease and review the literature on HPS.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF TWO BROWN DWARF BINARIES AT THE L DWARF/T DWARF TRANSITION*

We present a detailed examination of the brown dwarf multiples 2MASS J08503593+1057156 and 2MASS J17281150+3948593, both suspected of harboring components that straddle the L dwarf/T dwarf transition. Resolved photometry from Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS shows opposite trends in the relative colors of the components, with the secondary of 2MASS J0850+1057 being redder than its primary, while that of 2MASS J1728+3948 is bluer. We determine near-infrared component types by matching combined-light, near-infrared spectral data to binary templates, with component spectra scaled to resolved NICMOS and K{sub p} photometry. Combinations of L7 + L6 for 2MASS J0850+1057 and L5 + L6.5 for 2MASS J1728+3948 are inferred. Remarkably, the primary of 2MASS J0850+1057 appears to have a later-type classification compared to its secondary, despite being 0.8-1.2 mag brighter in the near-infrared, while the primary of 2MASS J1728+3948 is unusually early for its combined-light optical classification. Comparison to absolute magnitude/spectral type trends also distinguishes these components, with 2MASS J0850+1057A being {approx}1 mag brighter and 2MASS J1728+3948A {approx} 0.5 mag fainter than equivalently classified field counterparts. We deduce that thick condensate clouds are likely responsible for the unusual properties of 2MASS J1728+3948A, while 2MASS J0850+1057A is either an inflated young brown dwarf or a tight unresolvedmore » binary, making it potentially part of a wide, low-mass, hierarchical quintuple system.« less
Testing Memories for Single-Cell Pattern-Sensitive Faults

The design of minimum-length test sequences for pattern sensitivity in random-access memory (RAM) arrays is examined. The single pattern-sensitive fault (SPSF) model is used in which operations addressed to at most one memory cell are allowed to be faulty at any time. The influence of an SPSF affecting cell Ci is restricted to a fixed set of cells called the neighborhood of Ci. A new method is presented for efficiently generating the sequence of writes required in an SPSF test. This method yields optimal sequences for a useful class of neighborhoods called tiling neighborhoods. It is observed that RAM neighborhoods can be interpreted as polyominoes. A general procedure is given for constructing an SPSF test containing the minimum number of writes but a nonminimum number of reads. The difficult problem of minimizing the number of reads in an SPSF test is investigated for the 2-cell memory M2. A test of length 36 for M2 is derived which is optimal under certain reasonable restrictions. It is demonstrated that minimum-length SPSF tests can be inherently asymmetric.
PQP10: NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY: A SIGNIFICANT CONTAMINANT OF PATIENT REPORTED HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENTS (SF-36)

Negative affectivity (NA) has been shown to be strongly and consistently correlated to patient reported, subjective health indicators. Therefore, subjective health indicators may or may not give an accurate assessment of the individual's true health status. NA can be expected to act as a general nuisance factor in health research, one that taps organically spurious variance. The pervasive influence of NA may confound the results and complicate the interpretation of health related quality of life instruments, such as the SF-36. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of NA on the MOS SF-36. METHODS: We used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques to evaluate the SF-36 and the impact of NA on the Mental and Physical Components in a sample taken from the 1990 National Survey of Functional Health Status (NHS). RESULTS: The percent of shared variance of the Physical Health and Mental Health indicators and the Physical and Mental Health factors combined are physical function (.0603), role physical (.0817), bodily pain (.0720), health perception (.0600), role emotional (.0486), vitality (.0756), general mental health (.5207) and social function (.0811). General mental health (GMH) indicators are virtually identical to NA indicators. The percent of shared variance of the NA/GMH factor and Physical Health and Mental Health is .4422 and .9781 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that about 47 percent of Physical Health and 98 percent of Mental Health is due to the influence of NA/GMH. This may account for the lack of discriminative ability, shown in previous studies, of the Mental Health factor and Mental Component Scale Score.
Anthocyanidin variation in Clarkia

Abstract Previous reports of anthocyanin variation in Clarkia indicated intersectional differentiation, suggesting an additional marker for evaluating infrageneric relationships. Therefore, an investigation of anthocyanidin content of 19 species representing seven of the 10 sections was conducted. The anthocyanidins malvidin, cyanidin and delphinidin were detected. Interspecific variation in anthocyanidin profile was observed: some taxa possessed only malvidin, whereas others exhibited all three anthocyanidins. However, this variation does not coincide with proposed sectional boundaries based on evidence from morphology and enzyme electrophoresis. This suggests that anthocyanidins are homoplasious characters in Clarkia .
Extraoral plasmablastic lymphoma with intravascular component and MYC translocation.

Abstract Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon, clinically aggressive, Epstein-Barr virus–driven B-cell lymphoma that was initially described in tumors of relatively young human immunodeficiency virus–positive men. Subsequent to initial reports, the clinical and pathological spectrum of this disease has been expanded such that, now, PBL is recognized to be a heterogeneous disease entity. Plasmablastic lymphoma has been seen in clinical settings outside those initially reported and has been shown to demonstrate a variety of morphologic patterns. We describe a case of extraoral PBL in an human immunodeficiency virus–infected patient with a computed tomography–identified heterogeneously enhancing mass in the stomach. Histologically, a prominent intravascular component was identified. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis for MYC/IGH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) rearrangement t(8;14) identified fusion signals, confirming the presence of MYC rearrangement. The presence of a prominent intravascular in our case is unique. To our knowledge, these findings have not been observed in the previous reports of PBL. The observation of this vascular component supports the heterogeneity of PBL and may be an indicator of tumor aggressiveness. We were able to demonstrate the MYC/IGH rearrangement in our case of PBL. The interplay between Epstein-Barr virus and this MYC rearrangement may be similar to what is observed in Burkitt lymphoma, another clinically aggressive non–Hodgkin lymphoma.
Time‐course analysis of injured skeletal muscle suggests a critical involvement of ERK1/2 signaling in the acute inflammatory response

Introduction: The coupling and timing of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes in skeletal muscle injury is poorly understood. We investigated the temporal response and regu- lated processes of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38, and IkappaB kinase (IKK) a/b signaling path- ways after traumatic injury. Methods: Traumatic freeze injury was delivered to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in C57BL/6J mice, and injured and uninjured TA muscles were analyzed 3- 72 h into the recovery period. Results: Significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription accompanied IKKb phosphorylation, robust ERK pathway activation, and reduced heat shock protein (Hsp) protein expression at 3-24 h. At 24 h, ERK activation was abolished concomitantly with a significant increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). After 24 h, cytokine transcription along with ERK1/2 and IKKb phosphorylation remained suppressed, whereas Hsp protein expression rose to significant levels by 72 h and associ- ated with IKKb. Conclusions: Results indicate a bimodal regula- tion of ERK1/2 in acute inflammation in which it is supportive from 3 to 24 h, and suppressive from 24 to 72 h. Muscle Nerve 45: 552-561, 2012
Scaling Analysis of Large Stroke Piezoelectric Cellular Actuators

Abstract This paper presents a scaling analysis for a novel method of amplifying the motion of piezoelectric stack actuators. The amplification method involves nesting, or layering, of individual flexure mechanisms atop piezoelectric stacks to create a large stroke actuator subunit. A single subunit is referred to as an actuator cell. First, we develop an augmented kinematic model and a deterministic design process to arrive at closed form equations of cell performance. We then describe performance metrics that are used to evaluate the cell design as the size of the piezoelectric stacks is varied. For each performance metric, we provide numerical scaling contours that are determined using only mild design assumptions and realistic manufacturing constraints. With respect to maximum work density and cell packing efficiency, we find that there exists an relatively narrow optimal scale region for the cell designs.
Family structure and risk behaviors: the role of the family meal in assessing likelihood of adolescent risk behaviors

Background Previous literature has asserted that family meals are a key protective factor for certain adolescent risk behaviors. It is suggested that the frequency of eating with the family is associated with better psychological well-being and a lower risk of substance use and delinquency. However, it is unclear whether there is evidence of causal links between family meals and adolescent health-risk behaviors. Purpose The purpose of this article is to review the empirical literature on family meals and adolescent health behaviors and outcomes in the US. Data sources A SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN FOUR ACADEMIC DATABASES: Social Sciences Full Text, Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO®, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Study selection We included studies that quantitatively estimated the relationship between family meals and health-risk behaviors. Data extraction Data were extracted on study sample, study design, family meal measurement, outcomes, empirical methods, findings, and major issues. Data synthesis Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the review that measured the relationship between frequent family meals and various risk-behavior outcomes. The outcomes considered by most studies were alcohol use (n=10), tobacco use (n=9), and marijuana use (n=6). Other outcomes included sexual activity (n=2); depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts (n=4); violence and delinquency (n=4); school-related issues (n=2); and well-being (n=5). The associations between family meals and the outcomes of interest were most likely to be statistically significant in unadjusted models or models controlling for basic family characteristics. Associations were less likely to be statistically significant when other measures of family connectedness were included. Relatively few analyses used sophisticated empirical techniques available to control for confounders in secondary data. Conclusion More research is required to establish whether or not the relationship between family dinners and risky adolescent behaviors is an artifact of underlying confounders. We recommend that researchers make more frequent use of sophisticated methods to reduce the problem of confounders in secondary data, and that the scope of adolescent problem behaviors also be further widened.
Feeding by Arizona trout (Salmo apache) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) at different light intensities

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) were more efficient than Arizona trout (Salmo apache) in eating brine shrimp at starlight (10−4 fL) light levels. Arizona trout required light levels ≥ moonlight (10−3 fL) to feed. In bright light (50 fL), brown trout utilized cover to a much greater extent in both field and laboratory. Our study indicates that factors other than competition for food or habitat are probably causing the displacement of Arizona trout by brown trout when browns are stocked into the native habitat of Arizona trout.
Transient, symptomatic, post-operative, non-infectious hypodensity around the deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode

Post-operative edema around a deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead is a rare presentation. Post-operative edema that is symptomatic, self-limiting and not due to infection, in particular, is rarely reported as a separate entity. We aim to discuss the morphological characteristics of post-operative edema around a DBS lead with an insight into possible etiologies and management. We present eight patients with symptomatic, self-limiting peri-electrode edema post-DBS electrode implantation who presented post-operatively with distinct clinical presentations with imaging that revealed a hypodense area in the white matter surrounding the DBS electrode. Local and systemic tests for infection were negative. The edema resolved over time without surgical intervention. The etiology of the edema remains obscure. The transient nature of the edema and benign course with rapid and full resolution in all our patients cautions against any hasty decision to explant the electrode, in the absence of any obvious signs of infection.
The study of anisotropy of gas-surface scattering using surface light-induced drift

Abstract Surface light-induced drift (SLID) which occurs under velocity-selective excitation due to the state-dependence of the probability of trapping or chemisorption has demonstrated its extreme sensitivity in studying the state-specificity of gas-surface interactions. In this paper we show that, contrary to an intuitive perception, SLID can be used to obtain the information on the angular dependence of the gas-surface scattering. We present the initial results and discuss the ways to study the scaling laws for the angular dependence of surface scattering by the SLID technique.
Detection of 10Be with a 2 MV tandem accelerator mass spectrometer

Abstract A technique is described in which a 2 MV tandem accelerator mass spectrometer is used to detect atoms of the radioisotope 10Be. The lower detection limit is shown to be about 10Be/9Be = 5 × 10−13. Results from measurements at lower terminal voltages are also presented.
Nutrition Review: Diet and Metabolic Syndrome

Since most components of metabolic syndrome are related to lifestyle, exercise and diet are critical aspects of treatment. Most patients will need to reduce body weight. Some flexibility in dietary macronutrients is allowed, depending on the patient's metabolic profile and responsiveness. Types of fats and carbohydrates are particularly important. Artificial trans fats should be eliminated as much as possible and saturated fats minimized. Carbohydrates should be mainly unrefined and unprocessed, emphasizing fiber and low glycemic index, while keeping added sugars low. Monounsaturated fats are the best replacements for saturated fats and refined carbohydrates within energy and total fat limits. Micronutrients that may be beneficial for metabolic syndrome include vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium from whole food sources. Excess sodium chloride, as well as meal skipping, should be avoided.
Physician payment incentives to improve care quality.

The analysis by Dr Bardach and colleagues1 of pay-for-performance incentives rests on data recorded by clinicians. But only the incentivized group had reason to put a positive spin on their numbers. Subtle manipulation could easily bias their results. For instance, colleagues of ours speak of clinic managers who have coached them to change their digit preference when recording blood pressure levels from 140 mm Hg to 139 mm Hg. In other cases, administrators have discouraged further monitoring (until the next pay-for-performance incentive year) once a goal blood pressure level or hemoglobin A1C has been recorded. Either strategy would distort Bardach et al’s blood pressure results. Their process of care measures are even easier to undermine. Notably, their outcome measure (cholesterol level), which is harder to game, showed no improvement.
Effect of Variation in Amylose Content and Puroindoline Composition on Bread Quality in a Hard Spring Wheat Population

ABSTRACT Milling and breadbaking quality of hard-textured wheat may be influenced by alternative alleles at the Wx loci controlling percent amylose in the endosperm, and the puroindoline (pin) loci controlling grain hardness. For this experiment, we developed recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross between Choteau spring wheat cultivar and experimental line MTHW9904. Choteau has the PinB-D1b mutation conferring grain hardness and the Wx-B1a allele at the Wx-B1 locus conferring wild-type amylose content. MTHW9904 has the PinA-D1b allele conferring grain hardness and the Wx-B1b allele conferring lower amylose content, causing a partial waxy phenotype. RIL with the PinB-D1b mutation (n = 49) had significantly softer kernels, higher break flour yield, and higher loaf volume than lines with the PinA-D1b mutation (n = 38). Lines with partial waxy phenotype due to Wx-B1b (n = 43) had significantly lower kernel weight, lower amylose content, and higher flour swelling power than lines with wild-type starch due...
Raman spectroscopy of CaIrO3 postperovskite up to 30 GPa

We have measured Raman spectra of the postperovskite (PPv) phase in CaIrO{sub 3} up to 30 GPa to constrain the Grueneisen parameter ({gamma}). We identified a total of 4 strong modes between 200 and 650 cm{sup -1}, which is in contrast with the Raman spectra of Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} and MgGeO{sub 3}-PPv where at least nine different modes have been detected. We found no sign of a phase transition in the Raman spectra of PPv CaIrO{sub 3}, which supports the stability of the PPv phase up to 30 GPa and room temperature in CaIrO{sub 3}. the spectroscopic Grueneisen parameter, {gamma}{sub sp,0} = 1.66--1.72, constrained from our Raman data, is in excellent agreement with the thermodynamic Grueneisen parameter, {gamma}{sub th,0} = 1.75 {+-} 0.05, calculated from recent XRD measurements (Martin et al. 2007) on CaIrO{sub 3}-PPv synthesized at high pressure and temperature similar to our starting material. Our result suggests that {gamma}{sub sp} constrained by Raman measurements provides a reasonable estimate on the {gamma}{sub th} of the PPv phase in CaIrO{sub 3}.
A combinatorial perspective on the Radon convexity theorem

Matroid-theoretic methods are employed to compute the number of complementary subsets of points of a set S whose convex hulls intersect (a number Radon proved to be nonzero when S has an affine dependency). This number is shown to be an invariant only of the dependence structure of S. Strict bounds are given depending on the cardinality and dimension of S and the number is related to other matroid invariants.
Ketamine inhibition of cytoplasmic calcium signalling in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells

Abstract This study examines the mechanism of action of ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, with a specific focus on its ability to inhibit changes in the concentration of intracellular free calcium, [Ca 2+ ] i , in PC-12 cells. The resting [Ca 2+ ] i as measured with the fluorescent probe Fura-2 AM in control cells is 184.8±8.6 nM (mean±SEM, n = 15). Changes in [Ca 2+ ] i via influx through voltage-gated calcium channels after membrane depolarization with potassium chloride were monitored in the absence and presence of various concentrations of ketamine. Potassium-depolarization caused a dose-dependent rapid increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , averaging 62±5%, 33±2% and 18±3% (n = 10 each) above control levels for 70 mM, 50 mM and 35 mM KCl, respectively. Ketamine, in the dosage range studied (5 – 500 μM), inhibited the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i stimulated by potassium-depolarization in a dose-dependent manner. The computer-fitted dose-response curve of the pooled data yielded a half maximal suppression concentration, ED 50 , of 33 μM. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ketamine inhibits Ca 2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in PC-12 cells at clinically relevant doses, and may play a role in ketamine's action as a general anesthetic agent.
Anticipating Work and Family: Exploring the Associations Among Gender‐Related Ideologies, Values, and Behaviors in Latino and White Families in the United States

This study explores Latina and White women's perceptions of their mother and father's gender-role ideologies, values, and behaviors concerning work and family intersections. Although Latino and White families in this Northern California, United States sample differed in terms of income and educational attainments, they did not differ in terms of the values they placed on work, marriage, and parenting or in terms of the time spent on work, marriage, and parenting. Among both Latino and White families, fathers and mothers were seen as quite distinct, in sex stereotypic ways. Correspondence between ideologies, values, and behaviors was not strong, either among Latinos or among Whites. It seems safe to conclude that people's attitudinal endorsement of egalitarianism does not assure behavioral endorsement.
Structural effects on the magnetic properties of FePd and FeRh.

The magnetic structures of the ordered transition-metal compounds FePd and FeRh are found in both the CsCl and CuAu atomic structures by first-principles total-energy calculations. The ground state of FePd is shown to be the CuAu structure and ferromagnetic, in agreement with experiment. However, at equilibrium in the CsCl structure, where FePd is metastable, FePd behaves just like FeRh and has an antiferromagnetic ground state. A ferromagnetic phase of FePd lies 0.5 mRy higher in energy at the equilibrium volume and, like FeRh, but more readily, undergoes a first-order phase transition from the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase at an expanded lattice constant or in a magnetic field.