cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behavior of Random Fiber Composite Perforated Plates

The mechanical behavior of perforated, chopped fiber reinforced polymer plates is measured in three point bend tests to determine if an equivalent elastic modulus can be applied to fiber filled perforated plates despite local areas of reduced stiffness surrounding each hole. Experimental values of the scaled effective elastic modulus E * /E are obtained for a range of perforation geometries in unfilled and glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6,6 and polycarbonate thin plates. Data for nonreinforced and chopped fiber reinforced plates are indistinguishable and agree well with a finite element model for linear elastic isotropic materials. No compensation for the reduction in modulus near the perforations is required in the finite element model. It is also concluded that the equivalent elastic modulus approach is suitable for the prediction of bending deformation of machined random fiber composite plates.
Progress in knowledge of flamelet structure and extinction

Abstract In the past 25 years there has been a considerable amount of progress in studying flamelets, their structures and their responses to various perturbations. The term “flamelet” as used here really would mean “laminar flame” to most readers and is employed only because a major motivation is for ultimate use in connection with more complex flows, mainly turbulent. There is, however, no consideration here of how the knowledge reviewed may be employed in flamelet modeling of turbulent combustion. Not even time-dependent flamelets are addressed, although a few related references are provided. The focus is narrower, namely on quasisteady flamelets, and therefore the considerations of flamelet extinction that are presented concern quasisteady extinction, that is, not the dynamics of extinction. Even in this narrow context, it will be seen that a great deal has been accomplished. When such a long-term view is taken, it is found remarkable how much progress has been made. The progress is addressed separately for premixed, nonpremixed and partially premixed systems. Suggested directions of future research also are indicated. Despite the limited scope of the topic and the extensive advancement that has occurred, much more research remains to be done.
Doctoral Program Evaluation: An Alternative Approach

Doctoral degrees may serve as an important impetus that produces independent researchers, scholarship, and future leaders. As a result, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of doctoral programs. This article attempts to use the meta-analysis to evaluate educational research that has been developed at the University of the Incarnate Word. The findings indicate that the majority of students preferred the quantitative paradigm to demonstrate their independent research skills. In this paradigm, the survey approach is the most promising. Evident throughout these discussions is the necessity for more extensive research to be undertaken to track doctoral students and graduates’ perceptions of the program. It could be investigated from three phases: past, present, and future.
Narrow linewidth picosecond UV pulsed laser with mega-watt peak power

We demonstrate a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) burst mode laser system that generates 66 ps/402.5 MHz pulses with mega-watt peak power at 355 nm. The seed laser consists of a single frequency fiber laser (linewidth < 5 KHz), a high bandwidth electro-optic modulator (EOM), a picosecond pulse generator, and a fiber based preamplifier. A very high extinction ratio (45 dB) has been achieved by using an adaptive bias control of the EOM. The multi-stage Nd:YAG amplifier system allows a uniformly temporal shaping of the macropulse with a tunable pulse duration. The light output from the amplifier is converted to 355 nm, and over 1 MW peak power is obtained when the laser is operating in a 5-μs/10-Hz macropulse mode. The laser output has a transform-limited spectrum with a very narrow linewidth of individual longitudinal modes. The immediate application of the laser system is the laser-assisted hydrogen ion beam stripping for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).
A rapid electrophoretic technique for identification of subunit species of apoproteins in serum lipoproteins.

Abstract The denaturing solvent tetramethylurea (TMU) delipidates and quantitatively liberates the apoproteins of human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in soluble form while virtually the whole apoprotein of human lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) is precipitated. A fraction of the apoprotein of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) which appears to represent its content of LDL-like protein (apo B) is precipitated by this reagent, while the remaining apoprotein species are liberated in soluble form. The dissociation of the soluble apoproteins from lipid by TMU obviates the need for time-consuming delipidation by organic solvents, permitting immediate electrophoretic analysis in polyacrylamide gels. Bands are observed with mobilities corresponding to those of all the major soluble polypeptide species isolated from serum lipoproteins by ion-exchange chromatography. The apparent distribution of these elements in the different classes of lipoproteins is in agreement with findings of studies employing chromatographic methods. The predominant apoprotein of HDL, which has been identified immunochemically in VLDL, appears to comprise less than 1% of the apoprotein of VLDL from normal serum.
On the question of psalmody in the ancient synagogue

Music historians are virtually unanimous in attributing the source of early Christian psalmody to the synagogue. In this they follow the vast majority of liturgical scholars, Protestant and Catholic alike. There is, after all, considerable plausibility to the view: nascent Christianity was a Jewish sect and its first liturgical gatherings shared with the synagogue its most revolutionary characteristic – the coming together of co-religionists in a meeting room rather than the witnessing of sacrifice in a temple court. Moreover, the liturgical practices of these gatherings resembled those of the synagogue; in particular the so-called ‘liturgy of the Word’ that preceded the Eucharist appears to have been modelled after the scripture-centred order of synagogue worship. And when one observes that the principal vehicle of early Christian chant was the Old Testament Book of Psalms it seems a natural assumption that the singing of those psalms was a practice borrowed from the synagogue. The present author shared this assumption until coming to question it when pursuing a related topic. The study that follows is a fulfilment of the intention stated then to explore the subject more thoroughly. In doing so it is necessary to begin with a general examination of Jewish liturgy in the time of Jesus, both the liturgy of the Temple and that of the synagogue.
Action of the fungicides captan and folpet on rat liver mitochondria.

Abstract Captan and folpet action on rat liver mitochondria has been examined. Both fungicides were found to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. The minimal effective concentration was 20–25 mμmoles fungicide/mg mitochondrial protein. In addition to uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, captan and folpet inhibited state 3 respiration, DNP-activated respiration, the ATP-Pi exchange reaction, NADH-dehydrogenase, and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was activated by both fungicides, but captan was considerably more effective than folpet in this respect. Captan activation of ATPase was observed only upon initial exposure of mitochondria to the fungicides. Preincubation with captan inhibited activation. Preincubation with captan also inhibited DNP-activated ATPase, and the loss of DNP-activated ATPase paralleled the loss of captan-activated ATPase. Mg2+ prevented the inhibition of activated ATPase when captan was used, but had little effect on folpet-stimulated ATPase. Cysteine prevented the inhibition of activated ATPase, but did not prevent activation itself. Cysteine also prevented, and reversed, captan and folpet inhibition of state 3 respiration and DNP-activated respiration.
The Exploitation of Inside Information at the Wall Street Journal: A Test of Strong Form Efficiency

The study examines if tradings on stocks based on the inside information about the “Heard on the Street” column of the Wall Street Journal could generate abnormal returns. We found significant abnormal returns on days t =−1 and t= 0 (publication date) for the stocks related to insider trading. For a comparable control group of noninsider traded stocks, the abnormal returns were not significant on day t=−1 but were significant on day t= 0. The abnormal returns for the insider trade group on days t=−1 and t= 0 were greater than the returns for the control group. The results indicate that the inside information was the cause for the differences.
Unresolved grief in combat veterans with PTSD

Clinicians have documented the importance of loss of comrades during combat as a significant source of distress. However, empirical studies have not focused on unresolved grief as a possible outcome of combat experiences. Consequently, unresolved grief has often been treated "after the fact" in the context of treating PTSD and depressive symptoms. In this study, we therefore, sought to demonstrate the prominence of combat-related grief-specific symptoms in a sample of Vietnam veterans being treated for PTSD. Our results indicated that indeed this sample of veterans reported high levels of grief-specific symptoms comparable to that found in bereaved individuals whose spouse had recently died, verifying its prominence as an important component of combat-related stress. Furthermore, grief severity was uniquely associated with losses of comrades during combat whereas no such relationship was shown for trauma or depressive symptoms. The latter finding suggested that in fact higher levels of grief stemmed from interpersonal losses during the war and was not simply an artifact of current general distress level.
Food‐sharing among young children†

A study of food‐sharing among young children in a non‐experimental setting is reported. Boys and girls aged 5–8 years attending a city day camp were observed for a two‐week session. On the basis of daily observations of children in dyads, each child was ranked by the amount of his equal (peer) and unequal (dominant) relations with other members of his group. The nature, amount, and direction of food sharing was observed, and the relationship of equal and dominant behavior to food‐sharing activity was considered. Not only did girls tend to share food more often than boys, but they also tended to share food with more other children. The implications of these findings for the development of friendships and cliques among young children are discussed, and the importance of food exchange for children in peer groups is considered.
Dust aerosol important for Snowball Earth deglaciation.

Most previous global climate model simulations could only produce the termination of Snowball Earth episodesatCO2partialpressuresofseveraltenthsofabar,whichisroughlyanorderofmagnitudehigherthan recent estimatesof CO2levels during andshortly after Snowball events.These simulationshaveneglectedthe impact of dust aerosols on radiative transfer, which is an assumption of potentially grave importance. In this paper it is argued, using the Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) box model driven by GCM results, that atmospheric dust aerosol concentrations may have been one to two orders of magnitude higher during aSnowballEartheventthantoday.ItisfurthermoreassertedonthebasisofcalculationsusingNCAR’sSingle Column Atmospheric Model (SCAM)—a radiative‐convective model with sophisticated aerosol, cloud, and radiative parameterizations—that when the surface albedo is high, such increases in dust aerosol loading can produce several times more surface warming than an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 from 10 24 to 10 21 bar. Therefore the conclusion is reached that including dust aerosols in simulations may reconcile the CO2 levels required for Snowball termination in climate models with observations.
The Implications of Fundamental Cause Theory for Priority Setting

Application of fundamental cause theory to Powers and Faden's model of social justice highlights the ethical superiority of upstream public health interventions. In this article, I assess the ramifications of fundamental cause theory specifically in context of public health priority setting. Ethically optimal public health policy simultaneously maximizes overall population health and compresses health inequalities. The fundamental cause theory is an important framework in helping to identify which categories of public health interventions are most likely to advance these twin goals.
Accessing the deep web: when good ideas go bad

Prevailing wisdom assumes that there are well-defined, effective and efficient methods for accessing Deep Web content. Unfortunately, there are a host of technical and non-technical factors that may call this assumption into question. In this paper, we present the findings from work on a software system, which was commissioned by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The system requires stable and periodic extraction of Deep Web content from a number of online data sources. The insight from the project brings an important issue to the forefront and under-scores the need for further research into access technology for the Deep Web.
It's Only a Movie!: Films and Critics in American Culture

What are movies? Once derided as senseless entertainment, they have gradually assumed a place among the arts. Raymond Haberski traces the trajectory of this evolution throughout the twentieth century, from nickelodeon amusements to the age of the financial blockbuster. Haberski begins by looking at the barriers to film's acceptance as an art form, including the Chicago Motion Picture Commission hearings of 1918-1920, one of the most revealing confrontations over the use of censorship in the motion picture industry. He then examines how movies overcame the stigma attached to popular entertainment through such watershed events as the creation of the Museum of Modern Art's Film Library in the 1920s and battles between movie critics Pauline Kael and Andrew Sarris in the 1960s. Kael and Sarris's arguments heralded a golden age of criticism, and Haberski focuses on the roles of Kael, Sarris, James Agee, Roger Ebert, and others, in the creation of "cinephilia." Described by Susan Sontag as "born of the conviction that cinema was an art unlike any other," this love of cinema centered on coffee houses, universities, art theaters, film festivals, and, of course, foreign films. The lively debates over the place of movies in American culture began to wane in the 1970s, and in provocative and insightful prose Haberski places the blame on the loss of cultural authority and on the increasing irrelevance of the meaning of art. He concludes with a persuasive call for the re-emergence of a middle ground between art and entertainment, "something more complex, ambiguous, and vexing - something worth thought."
More than meets the eye: An engineering study to empirically examine the blending of real and virtual color spaces

It is well-documented that natural lighting conditions and real-world backgrounds affect the usability of optical see-through augmented reality (AR) displays in outdoor environments. In many cases, outdoor environmental conditions can dramatically alter users' color perception of user interface elements, by for example, washing out text or icon colors. As a result, users' semantic interpretation of interface elements can be compromised, rendering interface designs useless or counter-productive — an especially critical problem in application domains where color encoding is critical, such as military or medical visualization. In this paper, we present our experiences designing and constructing an optical AR testbed that emulates outdoor lighting conditions and allows us to measure the combined color of real-world backgrounds and virtual colors as projected through an optical see-through display. We present a formalization of color blending in AR, which supports further research on perceived color in AR displays. We describe an engineering study where we measure the color of light that reaches an optical see-through display user's eye under systematically varied virtual and real-world conditions. Our results further quantify the effect of lighting and background color on the color of virtual graphics, and specifically quantify how virtual colors change based on different real-world backgrounds.
Keyword recognition with phone confusion networks and phonological features based keyword threshold detection

In this study, a new keyword spotting system (KWS) that utilizes phone confusion networks (PCNs) is presented. The new system exploits the compactness and accuracy of phone confusion networks to deliver fast and accurate results. Special design considerations are provided within the new algorithm to account for phone recognizer induced insertion and deletion errors. Furthermore, this study proposes a new threshold estimation technique that uses the keyword constituent phones and phonological features (PFs) for threshold computation. The new threshold estimation technique is able to deliver thresholds that improves the overall F-score for keyword detection. The final integrated system is able to achieve a better balance between precision and recall.
Early evolution of deficits in acute ischemic stroke: mean transit time, relative blood volume, and relative blood flow.

Abstract The objective of this prospective pilot study was to determine the evolution of imaging characteristics of perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), including mean transit time (MTT), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the first 48 hours after an acute cerebral infarction. In 5 patients with suspected middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction, images were obtained on 4 occasions during the first 48 hours (6-10 hours, 15-18 hours, 22-24 hours, and 48 hours) by an imaging protocol that included echoplanar DWI, PWI, and MR angiography. No patients received thrombolytic or neuroprotective agents. Four of the 5 patients had MCA occlusions on the initial MR angiogram. Presumably, the MCA had recanalized in 1 patient before the first MR angiogram. Recanalization of the MCA was observed by the second scan in 1 patient and by the fourth scan in the remaining 3 patients. The mean MTT volume deficit was greater than the DWI volume (mismatch) until the final MR examination at 48 hours. The mean rCBV and rCBF volumes were larger than the DWI volume (mismatch) on the first MR examination but were smaller on the second and subsequent examinations. Decrease in the size of the MTT volume before recanalization of the MCA was most likely due to opening of collateral channels, but the greatest decrease in the size of the MTT volume occurred with recanalization of the MCA. All patients had progressive enlargement of the abnormal DWI volume. The MR changes following acute cerebral infarction are dynamic, with the volume of the diffusion abnormality nearly doubling between 6 to 10 hours and 48 hours. The volume of the acute MTT abnormality (6-10 hours) is approximately twice the size of the diffusion abnormality at 48 hours. The volume of the rCBV and rCBF between 6 and 10 hours after ictus is a good reflection of the diffusion abnormality at 48 hours. Copyright © 2002 by National Stroke Association
Innovators and Imitators in Novelty-intensive Markets: A Research Agenda

The phenomenon of demand for novelty is defined and explored as a unique and under-examined aspect of certain markets. Demand for novelty is the portion of demand not explained by practical utility or marketing effects – it is the demand for the new and unique. We explore markets characterized by high demand for novelty and how they differ from typical markets. Primarily, this involves the central role of novelty in the product or service value proposition as well as rapid growth rates and product or service obsolescence. Within this context, we consider the dynamics of innovating and imitating and suggest several ways that first mover competition is unique in markets with high demand for novelty. From the perspective of the knowledge-based theory of the firm, we consider the implications of organizational learning and knowledge and decision making as they relate to new product development routines, improvisation, and top management team decision making. We conclude by considering several avenues for future empirical research.
Commentary Paper 2 on "Robust Unattended and Stolen Object Detection by Fusing Simple Algorithms"

The technique discussed in this article proposes to distinguish between unattended and stolen objects by combining shape and appearance similarity measures of foreground objects observed in consecutive frames of a video. Static objects are detected by examining trajectories and people are removed from consideration. Object shape boundary is first refined using active contours. Shape similarity is then defined by computing gradient magnitudes along the object boundaries and counting how many boundary pixels have values higher/lower than predefined thresholds. Appearance similarity is based on differences between histograms using the foreground mask on the current and background images. Probabilities are defined assuming the shape and appearance measures follow the Gaussian distribution (with trained parameters). Final measures of unattended/stolen objects are produced by averaging the probabilities and used to classify static-nonhuman objects. Experiments show that combining the three measures gives better results than using each of the measures alone.
Spectral polarization imaging of human rectum-membrane-prostate tissues

Human rectum-membrane-prostate tissue samples were studied using a near-infrared spectral polarization imaging technique to detect small objects and structural changes inside prostate tissues through the rectum. Four modeling samples were made with a small piece of absorber or prostate tissue dyed with a contrast agent (indocyanine green) embedded inside a large piece of prostate tissue in rectum-membrane-prostate structures. The depth of the foreign objects underneath the surface of the rectum-membrane-prostate structures was varied from a millimeter to a centimeter to obtain the critical imaging distance. Different spectral polarization imaging methods with and without contrast agents were performed and compared. The results show that small objects hidden inside the host prostate tissues in the rectum-membrane-prostate structures at depths of 2.5, 4.0, and 7.5 mm can be imaged and identified using the scattering light imaging, tissue emission wing imaging, and contrast agent fluorescence imaging methods, respectively. Our results indicate the potential of imaging and detecting structural changes and cancers inside prostate tissue though rectum-membrane-prostate tissues using this noninvasive spectral polarization imaging technique.
Gemini near-infrared imager

We discuss the main design features of the Gemini Near-IR Imager (NIRI) and its scientific capabilities. NIRI is designed to fully exploit the excellent image quality and low telescope emissivity expected from the Gemini telescope on Mauna Kea. It offers a range of pixel scales matched to different scientific objectives and has spectroscopic as well as polarimetric capabilities. One of its main design features is the use of a near-IR 2 X 2 Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for tip-tilt and focus control.
The effects of external NaCl on thylakoid stacking in lettuce plants

The average degree of thylakoid stacking was determined for loose-leaf lettuce plants which were grown in complete nutrient solutions containing either 10 or 100mol m−3 NaCl. Digitonin fractionation and differential centrifugation were used to assay the level of thylakoid stacking. Based on a comparison between 10mol m−3 NaCl-grown and 100mol m−3 NaCl-grown lettuce plants of equal ages, digitonin assays indicated that significantly less stacking occurred in 100mol m−3 NaCl-grown plants. Isolated thylakoid membranes from 100mol m−3 NaCl-grown plants were also characterized by a greater capacity to absorb divalent cations and by a higher chlorophyll a/b ratio. Since plants from both growth salinities were capable of a marked increase in thylakoid stacking upon a transition from high to low irradiance, the observed differences in thylakoid stacking were not attributed to a salinity-related impairment of stacking mechanisms. Instead, the salinity-induced differences in thylakoid stacking appear to represent a process of controlled adjustment.
Endometrial thickness is related to miscarriage rate, but not to the estradiol concentration, in cycles down-regulated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

In this retrospective cohort study of 102 ovarian stimulation cycles for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection using GnRH antagonist and gonadotropins, we sought to assess the effect of high E2 levels on endometrial stripe thickness and its association with pregnancy outcomes and serum E2 levels. We found no significant correlation between serum E2 levels (both peak and area under the curve E2 concentration) and the endometrial thickness. However, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship with early pregnancy loss (31%) if the endometrial thickness was
EFFECT OF SONIC ENERGY ON THE AIR DRYING OF APPLE AND SWEET POTATO CUBES

Cubes (2 cc) of apple and sweet potato were dried with and without sound energy in air at velocities of 5 – 20 fps and temperatures of 125 – 175°F. A stem jet or electronic whistle provided sound energy at 9,800 and 13,000 Hz with an intensity up to 135 dB. Results indicated that sonic energy had no effect on drying rate under all experimental conditions.
Tight Bounds on the Diameter of Gaussian Cubes

Gaussian cubes are derived by removing links from a hypercube in a periodic fashion. By varying the partition parameter, one can obtain networks with different characteristics, while maintaining a basic framework for computation and communication. Unfortunately, such networks are in general not regular, making it difficult to derive their topological properties explicitly. In this paper, we study the diameter of Gaussian cubes and show the trade-off between cost and performance.
Stainless Steels for Implants

Stainless steel has been and continues to be among the most widely used metals for implant applications. Along with Co-Cr alloys, CP titanium and titanium alloys, and expanding use of Ni-Ti alloy (Nitinol), implant-quality austenitic steels find a variety of uses for implants. These alloys are used for orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular applications. Keywords: stainless steel; corrosion; biocompatibility; composition; microstructure
Glomerular ultrastructural lesions of idiopathic cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy of greyhounds.

Idiopathic cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) (Alabama rot) is a potentially fatal disease of unknown etiology that affects the skin and kidneys of racing- and training-age Greyhounds. Ultrastructural examinations were performed on two healthy control Greyhounds and 12 Greyhounds diagnosed with CRGV based on the presence of characteristic, well-demarcated cutaneous ulcers of the extremities (12/12), thrombocytopenia ( 40 mg/dl, serum creatinine > 2.0 mg/dl) (7/12). Early glomerular ultrastructural changes included endothelial swelling, detachment, and necrosis; membranous whorl formation; and platelet adhesion and aggregation. Some capillaries were occluded with aggregated platelets, cellular fragments, and fibrin. Later changes included narrowing of capillary lumina and thickening of glomerular capillary walls by subendothelial accumulation of flocculent, amorphous, variable electron-dense material and occasionally erythrocytes, cellular processes, and fibrin. Glomerular endothelial cells were increased in number and plump, with villouslike cytoplasmic projections. Mesangial cell cytoplasmic processes occasionally were interposed between the endothelium and the basement membrane. No etiologic agents or electron-dense deposits typical of immune complexes were observed. Although the specific etiology was not determined, the ultrastructural changes suggest that glomerular endothelial damage is an important early event in the pathogenesis of CRGV.
Defining dropout from youth psychotherapy: how definitions shape the prevalence and predictors of attrition.

Background and Aims: Attrition is a long-standing problem in mental health centres serving youth. However, attempts to understand attrition have not consistently identified the same risk factors. The way in which attrition was defined across studies may have had a significant impact on findings. This study examines three definitions of attrition across a large sample of children and adolescents receiving outpatient mental health services, and considers the different relationships observed between the identified predictors and each definition. Method: This study examined data collected concurrently from 1098 families who received services at an urban outpatient mental health clinic (OMHC). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between identified predictor variables and attrition, using three distinct definitions of attrition based on clinician judgment, missed last appointment, and specified dose. The results of each regression analysis were qualitatively compared to assess the impact on findings observed when applying different definitions of attrition. Results: As anticipated, observed predictors of attrition varied by definition. Ethnicity predicted attrition across all definitions. Residing in a single-caregiver household predicted attrition across two of the three definitions, while living with a non-biological family, receiving state-funded, low-income insurance support, having low parent-reported youth functioning, routine intakes (as compared to urgent intakes), and longer wait predicted attrition within only one definition. Conclusions: Rates and factors associated with attrition may vary substantially depending on how treatment attrition is defined. In the evaluation of attrition in youth mental health settings, the definition used should be clearly stated and should reflect the research question posed.
Interacting Factors in the Control of the Crustacean Molt Cycle

In order to account for the known phenomena of the crustacean molt cycle, at least six factors must be postulated: a molting hormone (20-OH-ecdysone), a molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), an anecdysial limb autotomy factor, a proecdysial limb-autotomy factor, a limb growth-inhibiting factor and an exuviation factor. Only the molting hormone and its derivatives have been chemically well defined. The various factors interact in complex ways to maintain not only a coordinated proecdysial period in preparation for exuviation but also a proecdysial period with the flexibility to respond to such interim hazards as the loss of partially regenerated limbs.
Relationship between diacylglycerol levels and extracellular Ca2+ in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells.

In parathyroid cells, high extracellular Ca2+ promotes a rapid increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3), suggesting activation of phospholipase C. Available data, however, indicate a high Ca2+-induced decrease in sn-l,2-diacylglycerol (DG), rather than the increase expected with hydrolysis of phosphoinositides. To explore this apparent discrepancy between IP3 and DG, we used three methods to quantify DG levels in parathyroid cells in response to high Ca2+ over the time course when IP3 levels increase. A simple enzymatic method was developed for the quantitation of the mass of DG present in crude lipid extracts. The assay employed rat brain DG kinase and defined mixed micellar conditions to solubilize the DG present and allow its quantitative conversion to [32P]phosphatidic acid. [32P]Phosphatidic acid formed in the assay was directly proportional to the amount of DG added over the range of 25 pmol to 25 nmol or to the number of parathyroid cells (5 × 105 to 2 × 106 cells). Parathyroid cells were also labe...
Vector and tensor perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology

We study cosmological vector and tensor perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz gravity, adopting the most general Sotiriou-Visser-Weinfurtner generalization without the detailed balance but with projectability condition. After deriving the general formulas in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) background, we find that the vector perturbations are identical to those given in general relativity. This is true also in the nonflat cases. For the tensor perturbations, high order derivatives of the curvatures produce effectively an anisotropic stress, which could have significant efforts on the high-frequency modes of gravitational waves, while for the low-frequency modes, the efforts are negligible. The power spectrum is scale-invariant in the UV regime, because of the particular dispersion relations. But, due to lower-order corrections, it will eventually reduce to that given in general relativity (GR) in the IR limit. Applying the general formulas to the de Sitter and power-law backgrounds, we calculate the power spectrum and index, using the uniform approximations, and obtain their analytical expressions in both cases.
Information Search of Farmers: Findings from a Survey in Ohio, USA

The information search behavior of farmers has received increased attention over the last few decades. Findings show that farmers routinely gather agricultural information by using a wide range of channels and sources (Ford and Babb, 1989; Gloy, Akridge, and Whipker, 2000; Suvedi, Campo, and Lapinski, 1999; Tucker and Napier, 2002; Patrick and Ullerich, 1996). Accordingly, farmers’ information search has been described by their media choices, types of farm enterprises, attitudes toward search, and satisfaction with information acquisition (Jones, Batte, and Schnitkey, 1989; Lichtenberg and Zimmerman, 1999; Gloy and Akridge, 1999). However, the next step, a segmentation of farmers according to the intensity of their information search, has not been attempted. Segmenting the diverse farming population according to their search strategy is especially useful to agricultural information providers. Knowledge of the amount and type of search activity conducted by a particular group of farmers can aid in the development of targeted communication strategies for these segments and thus increase the efficiency of information dissemination. In the research reported here, the authors examine how farmers can be seg mented based on their search strategy when acquiring agricultural information. We also investigate the factors that influence farmers’ choice of search strategies.
DisPredict: A Predictor of Disordered Protein Using Optimized RBF Kernel

Intrinsically disordered proteins or, regions perform important biological functions through their dynamic conformations during binding. Thus accurate identification of these disordered regions have significant implications in proper annotation of function, induced fold prediction and drug design to combat critical diseases. We introduce DisPredict, a disorder predictor that employs a single support vector machine with RBF kernel and novel features for reliable characterization of protein structure. DisPredict yields effective performance. In addition to 10-fold cross validation, training and testing of DisPredict was conducted with independent test datasets. The results were consistent with both the training and test error minimal. The use of multiple data sources, makes the predictor generic. The datasets used in developing the model include disordered regions of various length which are categorized as short and long having different compositions, different types of disorder, ranging from fully to partially disordered regions as well as completely ordered regions. Through comparison with other state of the art approaches and case studies, DisPredict is found to be a useful tool with competitive performance. DisPredict is available at https://github.com/tamjidul/DisPredict_v1.0.
Pierre Menard y la acronía de la recepción

This article deals with the way Borges' text prefigures the literary theories based on the phenomenon of reception and how it antedates the interplays of perspectives proposed by several postmodern theoretical projects. In so doing, I present the reading of Borges from the point of view of the Rezeptionasthetik, as well as a summary of the borgesian theory of precursors in its relationship to the act of reading. As a result of this approach I see in Borges' Pierre Menard a work of fiction that, far from being a mere parody of literary criticism, contains an important philosophical kernel that conceptualizes reading as the generator of meaning.
Primary Amine Stabilization of a Dicopper(III) Bis(μ-oxo) Species: Modeling the Ligation in pMMO

Here we report the formation of the first examples of dicopper(III) bis(μ-oxo) complexes ligated by the primary amines, propylenediamine, and N,N,-dimethyl propylenediamine. Stabilization of these new compounds is effected at −125 °C by “core capture”— introduction of exogenous ligand to a preformed dicopper(III) bis(μ-oxo) complex supported by the peralkylated tetramethyl propylenediamine. Primary amine ligation in these compounds matches the single primary amine coordination of the putative active site of particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) and polysaccharide monooxygenase. Reactivity studies presented here show primary amine ligated cores are competent oxidants, capable of activating C–H bonds by an H-atom abstraction mechanism. Trends in spectroscopy, structure, and reactivity provide hints to the potential role of primary amine ligation in pMMO: increased substrate accessibility to the redox active orbitals of the Cu2O2 core and greater stabilization of the oxidant without attenuation of oxidizi...
A discrete commutator theory for the consistency and phase error analysis of semi-discrete C 0 finite element approximations to the linear transport equation

A novel method, based on a discrete commutator, for the analysis of consistency error and phase relations for semi-discrete continuous finite element approximation of the one-way wave equation is presented. The technique generalizes to arbitrary dimension, accommodates the use of compatible quadratures, does not require the use of complex calculations, is applicable on non-uniform mesh geometries, and is especially useful when conventional Taylor series or Fourier approaches are intractable. Following the theory the analysis method is demonstrated for several test cases.
Effect of Number and Similarity on Children's Plural Comprehension.

During the first years of language development, toddlers coordinate multiple cues in order to acquire the plural form. The aim of this study was to manipulate object similarity as well as set size ...
Application and development of cryosurgical scalpel

This paper discusses the problems, clinical application and limitations of argon-helium cryosurgical scalpel and liquid nitrogen cryosurgical scalpel. The feasibility of self-absorption liquid-CO2 cryosurgical scalpel is analyzed. The result shows that self-absorption liquid-CO2 cryosurgical scalpel can be applied to cryosurgery.
Susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of Super 304H stainless steel welded joint

The susceptibility to intergranular corrosion for weld and base metal of Super 304H steel was investigated by double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic(EPR).The experimental results indicate that the weld and base metal have the lower tendency of intergranaular corrosion.The mircrostructure of weld and base metal was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy,electron probe micro-analysis,X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that both the weld and the base metal were consisted of γ-matrix and some precipitated phase,no obvious Cr23C6 was detected.Therefore,no chromium depleted zone was formed.However,the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of weld is better than that of base metal due to the difference of alloy elements.
Community participation in the environmental management and studies on the community pollution control reporting meeting.

The status quo and development of public participation in China was introduced; and it was indicated that community participation of pollution control reporting meeting was a new form to realize the public participation of the pollution control of township-village industrial enterprises. The mechanism and superiority of the meeting in promoting enterprises to reduce pollution were explored theoretically; and the implementation program of the meeting and the pilot research, and also the understanding were introduced.
DNA sequence analysis of different TTV clones of two cases with transfusion transmitted virus infection

[Objective] To investigate gene variant and the relationship between gene variant and pathogenicity of transfusion transmitted virus (TTV). [Methods] A nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) assay with specific primers from high variable region (HVR) of open reading frame one (ORF1) of TTV genome was established, which was to amplify TTV DNA in the serum sample from a blood donor (BD) and a chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis patient (CSH) with TTV infection. The purified PCR product was cloned and 10 clones from each case were sequenced. The cloned TTV DNA sequences were compared with each other and with TA278 grouped G1a subtype. The sequences were also analyzed by Phylogentic tree. [Results] TTV DNA clone was successfully constructed. The TTV DNA sequences shared 74%～95%homology with TA278. There were two different TTV strains in the blood donor and seven different TTV strains in the chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis patient. The TTV DNA sequences diverged from 5% to 24% in the CSH, but they were only 7% divergent in the BD. The TTV clones in the BD were all grouped G1a subtype, but they were grouped into G1a and G1b subtype in the CSH. [Conclusion] Gene variant of TTV was much more complicated in the chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis patient than that in the blood donor. The complexity of gene variant and the strong virulence strain delivered during gene variation are likely to be responsible for the pathogenesis of TTV. TTV strains grouped G1b maybe have pathogenicity to some extent.
Six-part series on the state of the RN workforce in the United States.

This series on the state of the nursing workforce focuses on describing the results of the national surveys of RNs. The series begins with an analysis of RNs' perceptions of the current nursing shortage and whether they perceive the shortage has gotten better or worse over the past few years. Future topics will include RNs' perceptions of being a nurse and how they perceive certain aspects of their jobs; RNs' awareness of the JJ RNs' perceptions of the impact of the shortage on the quality of patient care in hospitals; and various issues related to the age and diversity of the nursing profession.
Assessment of leadership training needs of internal medicine residents at the Massachusetts General Hospital.

Internal medicine (IM) physicians, including residents, assume both formal and informal leadership roles that significantly impact clinical and organizational outcomes. However, most internists lack formal leadership training. In 2013 and 2014, we surveyed all rising second-year IM residents at a large northeastern academic medical center about their need for, and preferences regarding, leadership training. Fifty-five of 113 residents (49%) completed the survey. Forty-four residents (80% of respondents) reported a need for additional formal leadership training. A self-reported need for leadership training was not associated with respondents' gender or previous leadership training and experience. Commonly cited leadership skill needs included “leading a team” (98% of residents), “confronting problem employees” (93%), “coaching and developing others” (93%), and “resolving interpersonal conflict” (84%). Respondents preferred to learn about leadership using multiple teaching modalities. Fifty residents (91%) preferred to have a physician teach them about leadership, while 19 (35%) wanted instruction from a hospital manager. IM residents may not receive adequate leadership development education during pregraduate and postgraduate training. IM residents may be more likely to benefit from leadership training interventions that are physician-led, multimodal, and occur during the second year of residency. These findings can help inform the design of effective leadership development programs for physician trainees.
The preservation of books and manuscripts in Cambodia

In April of 1989 Cornell University, with the support of the Christopher Reynolds Foundation, began a modest program to preserve scarce and unique library and archival materials in Cambodia. Cornell's involvement was an extension of the university's research and teaching activities in Southeast Asia including Cambodia. Preservation efforts are needed because of the devastation and neglect of collections resulting from decades of war. During the three-week project, the author surveyed the collections, trained staff in a variety of basic preservation techniques, assisted in the identification of preservation priorities, made arrangements for the shipment of conservation supplies, and developed plans for the establishment of a microfilm operation. Through the combined efforts of the Christopher Reynolds Foundation, Luce Foundation, and Cornell University, these preservation/conservation initiatives are continuing. In the fall of 1989 Cornell began a project to film on location important materials in Phnom Penh.
Ten Steps to Keeping Your Cool with New Computer Programs

(1986). Ten Steps to Keeping Your Cool with New Computer Programs. Health Education: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 23-24.