cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for serotonin in α-naphthylthiourea-induced pulmonary edema

Abstract α-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU) damages the pulmonary capillary endothelium producing a marked pulmonary edema. Since the pulmonary microvasculature regulates the circulating levels of serotonin (5-HT), the role of 5-HT in the pathophysiology of ANTU-induced pulmonary edema was examined. Mice treated with ANTU (10 mg/kg, ip) rapidly developed pulmonary edema which was maximal at 3 hr and was resolved by 12 hr. The lung content of both endogenous 5-HT and a tracer dose of 5-[ 3 H]HT paralleled the time course of the development and resolution of the pulmonary edema. ANTU produced a significant thrombocytopenia (58 to 72%) at all time points, and an elevated platelet content of 5-HT and 5-[ 3 H]HT during the resolution phase (6 to 12 hr). Drugs possessing select effects on 5-HT were shown to alter the edematogenic response to ANTU. Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, potentiated the pulmonary edema, while clorgyline, an irreversible inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase, was without effect. Reserpine which depletes 5-HT stores prevented both thrombocytopenia and pulmonary edema in response to ANTU. Reloading the lung and platelet 5-HT stores of reserpinized animals reestablished the normal response to ANTU. Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, prevented the thrombocytopenia, the increase in lung content of 5-HT and 5-[ 3 H]HT, and prevented the edematogenic response to ANTU by 70%. These data indicate a major role for 5-HT in the pathophysiology of acute lung microvascular injury produced by ANTU.
Trout in a Floating Raceway

(1948). Trout in a Floating Raceway. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 33-33.
Role of dietary fat in health

Recent scientific evidence is reviewed which shows that some modest success at improving the morbidity due to atherosclerotic disease has been achieved by a diet lower in fat and cholesterol and higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids than the usual American diet. This has shown a group correlation with serum cholesterol reduction. The effect is small enough that no statistically significant improvement in overall mortality rate has yet been seen in groups studied. Many imponderables remain in the use of a high polyunsaturated fatty acids diet: not only is the optimal daily dietary intake uncertain, but its effects upon the body economy are just beginning to receive attention. While it seems reasonable to attempt nomalization of abnormal blood lipid patterns through dietary or pharmacological efforts in those individuals with acquired or inherited hyperlipidemias, the presently available data do not warrant major revision of the dietary pattern for the remaining 80–90% of the population.
Effect of Electron Donating Groups on Polyphenol-based Antioxidant Dendrimers

Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of antioxidants in human diseases. Among their biological effects, a majority of antioxidants scavenge reactive radicals in the body, thereby reducing oxidative stress that is associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidant dendrimers are a new class of potent antioxidant compounds reported recently. In this study, six polyphenol-based antioxidant dendrimers with or without electron donating groups (methoxy group) were synthesized in order to elucidate the influence of electron donating groups (EDG) on their antioxidant activities. Syringaldehyde (2 ortho methoxy groups), vanillin (1 ortho methoxy group), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0 methoxy group) were derivatized with propargylamine to form building blocks for the dendrimers. All the six dendrimers contain polyether cores, which were synthesized by attaching pentaerythritol and methyl α-d-glucopyranoside to in-house prepared spacer units. To prepare generation 1 antioxidant dendrimers, microwave energy and granulated metallic copper catalyst were used to link the cores and building blocks together via alkyne-azide 1,3-cycloaddition click chemistry. These reaction conditions resulted in high yields of the target dendrimers that were free from copper contamination. Based on DPPH antioxidant assay, antioxidant dendrimers decorated with syringaldehyde and vanillin exhibited over 70- and 170-fold increase in antioxidant activity compared to syringaldehyde and vanillin, respectively. The antioxidant activity of dendrimers increased with increasing number of EDG groups. Similar results were obtained when the dendrimers were used to protect DNA and human LDL against organic carbon and nitrogen-based free radicals. In addition, the antioxidant dendrimers did not show any pro-oxidant activity on DNA in the presence of physiological amounts of copper. Although the dendrimers showed potent antioxidant activities against carbon and nitrogen free radicals, EPR and DNA protection studies revealed lack of effectiveness of these dendrimers against hydroxyl radicals. The dendrimers were not cytotoxic to CHO-K1 cells.
Collaborating With Pediatric Gastroenterologists to Treat Co-Occurring Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Anxiety in Pediatric Medical Settings

Abstract Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have distinct physical and emotional challenges that may place them at risk for developing anxiety and that may impede their receipt of mental health treatment. Only a handful of studies have applied empirically validated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to IBD-related issues and no studies have examined the benefit of CBT for anxiety disorders in pediatric IBD. The aim of this paper is to describe a newly adapted cognitive behavioral treatment protocol, Treatment of Anxiety and Physical Symptoms related to IBD (TAPS + IBD), that has been tailored to concurrently address anxiety, including IBD-specific anxiety, and disease management in children and adolescents with IBD in pediatric medical offices. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate treatment implementation and preliminary assessment data. General considerations for health providers working with youth with comorbid anxiety and IBD from a multidisciplinary perspective and future research directions are provided.
Insect Fauna of Gyeongju National Park, Korea

The survey on insect fauna in Gyeongju National Park was done during April to June, 2007. As a result, we identified 109 species and 44 genera belonging to 9 orders through this investigation. Therefore, The insect fauna of Gyeongju National Park are 356 species of 91 families of 13 orders.
Glucocorticoids and laminitis in the horse

The administration of exogenously administered GCs and syndromes associated with GC excess are both attended by increased risk for the development of laminitis in adult horses. However, there exists substantial controversy as to whether excess GCs cause laminitis de novo. If true, the pathogenesis of laminitis arising from the effects of GC excess is probably different from that associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and endotoxemia. Although a satisfactory explanation for the development of laminitis as a consequence of GC action is currently lacking, numerous possible and plausible theoretical mechanisms do exist. Veterinarians must exert caution with respect to the use of GCs in adult horses. The extent to which individual horses are predisposed to laminitis as a result of GC effect cannot be predicted based on current information. However, the administration of systemic GCs to horses that have been previously affected by laminitis should be used only with extreme caution, and should be accompanied by careful monitoring for further signs of laminitis. The risk of laminitis appears to be greater during treatment using some GCs (especially dexamethasone and triamcinalone) compared with others (prednisone and prednisolone). Whenever possible, to reduce the risk of laminitis, GCs should be administered locally. For example, the risk of GC-associated laminitis is evidently considerably reduced in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) if GC treatment is administered via inhalation. We have hypothesized that structural changes in the equine hoof that resemble laminitis may arise as a consequence of excess GC effect. Although these changes are not painful per se, and are not associated with inflammation, they could likely predispose affected horses to the development of bona fide laminitis for other reasons. Moreover, the gross morphological appearance of the chronically GC-affected hoof resembles that of a chronically foundered hoof in some respects. Further investigation into the effect of GC on the hoof lamellar interface is clearly needed.
Posterior Elbow Wounds: Soft Tissue Coverage Options and Techniques

Many options exist for reconstruction of the posterior elbow/olecranon area following wound formation. Careful early wound management is crucial to ensure successful outcomes following reconstruction. Local and regional options are preferred methods for soft tissue coverage in this region. Common flap options include the reversed lateral arm flap, the radial forearm flap, posterior interosseous artery flap, brachioradialis muscle flap, flexor carpi ulnaris flap, and the latissimus flap. The advantages and disadvantages of these flap options are discussed in this review.
Aqua de Ney, California, a spring of unique chemical character☆

Abstract The chemistry of water of Aqua de Ney, a cold spring of unusual character located in Siskiyou County, Calif., has been re-examined as part of a study of the relation of water chemistry to rock environment. The water has a pH of 11·6 and a silica content of 4000 parts per million (p.p.m.), the highest values known to occur in natural ground waters. The rocks exposed nearby consist of two volcanic sequences, one predominantly basaltic in composition, the other highly siliceous. Neither these rocks nor the sedimentary and igneous rocks presumed to underlie the area at depth seem to offer explanation of the unusual mineralization which includes 240 p.p.m. of boron, 1000 p.p.m. of sulphide (as H 2 S), and 148 p.p.m. of ammonia nitrogen (as NH 4 ) in a water that is predominantly sodium chloride and sodium carbonate in character. By analogy, it is assumed that water from Aqua de Ney is the product of an initial mixture of connate sea water with a calcium magnesium sulphate water. It is postulated that ion exchange has increased the content of sodium and reduced that of calcium and magnesium, and that sulphate reduction has brought about the high alkalinity, high pH, and high content of sulphide. The large silica value is explained as the result of solution of silica by water having the high pH observed.
Effect of isoproterenol on the abnormal T wave

Abstract The effect of isoproterenol (1 to 9 μg) administered intravenously within 30 to 90 seconds was studied in 106 patients with abnormal negative T waves. T waves remained abnormal in patients with QRS >- 0.10 second and in patients with myocardial infarction or pericarditis. T wave abnormality was reversed in 96 percent of patients with QRS
Open‐ and closed‐loop smooth‐pursuit eye movements in normal children: An analysis of a step‐ramp task

We previously reported that the visual ability to track a moving target (smooth‐pursuit tracking) improves as children age from 8 to 15 years old. This study used infrared oculography during step‐ramp tasks to determine whether the age‐related improvement in smooth‐pursuit tracking is due to developmental changes in the ability to perceive and match eye velocity to target velocity (open‐loop tracking). Infrared oculography was used to assess the ability to track a moving stimulus (smooth‐pursuit tracking) during step‐ramp tasks in 51 normal children between 8 and 15 years old. The first 100 msec of tracking (initial pursuit) occurs before any visual feedback (open‐loop tracking) and represents sensorimotor transformation. Ongoing pursuit (measured by smooth‐pursuit gain) includes feedback information as to the success of pursuit (closed‐loop pursuit) and depends on sensorimotor transformation as well as higher order abilities, including the ability to sustain focused attention. Open‐loop pursuit is not af...
Age Differences in the Symptoms of Depression: A Latent Trait Analysis

Our hypothesis was that older adults are less likely than younger adults to acknowledge dysphoria or anhedonia even at the same level of depression. Study subjects were 3,141 participants in Baltimore, Maryland, and 3,469 participants in the Durham-Piedmont region of North Carolina who had complete data on symptoms of depression active in the one month prior to interview, as well as several covariates thought to be related to depression. The effect of age on the endorsement of the dysphoria/anhedonia stem question from the section on Major Depression in the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was estimated in the two independently gathered samples employing structural equations with a measurement model. The results indicate that, even accounting for differences due to overall level of depressive symptoms, as well as gender, minority status, educational attainment, marital status, employment status, and cognitive impairment, dysphoria was less likely to be endorsed by persons 65 years of age and older. This bias against older adults may account in part for the low rates of Major Depression reported for older persons from epidemiologic studies employing the standard diagnostic criteria.
Localized excitations in hydrogen-bonded molecular crystals.

Localized excitations analogous to the small Holstein polaron, to localized modes in alkali halides, and to localized excitonic states, are postulated for a set of internal vibrational modes in crystalline acetanilide. The theoretical framework in which one can describe the characteristics of the ir and Raman spectroscopy peaks associated with these localized states is adequately provided by the Davydov model (formally equivalent to the Holstein polaron model). The possible low-lying excitations arising from this model are determined using a variational approach. Hence, the contribution to the spectral function due to each type of excitation can be calculated. The internal modes of chief concern here are the amide-I (C?O stretch) and the N---H stretch modes for which we demonstrate consistency of the theoretical model with the available ir data. Past theoretical approaches will be discussed and reasons why one should prefer one description over another will be examined.
A graph approximation heuristic for the vertex cover problem on planar graphs

Abstract The vertex cover problem is hard in general and remains so on planar graphs. On the other hand, it is always solvable on bipartite graphs. In this paper, we introduce a strategy which creates, from an arbitrary planar graph G , a minimum size bipartite homeomorph of G , say G H . We solve the vertex cover problem on G H and convert the solution to a cover on G . Tests on a set of sample graphs suggest that the resulting heuristic performs quite well.
The structure of carbon nanotubes impregnated with yttrium

Abstract Observations have been made of the structures resulting when yttrium introduced into the carbon arc used to form carbon nanotubes with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in bright-field modes and nanodiffraction with an electron beam of diameter about 1nm in the STEM instrument. Crystallites of the carbide, YC2, are formed, some being enclosed in polyhedral multi-walled carbon particles. Many of the carbon nanotubes formed are bent or distorted. Some carbon nanotubes are partially or fully filled with an yttrium compound. Small, poorly-ordered crystallites of YC2, or of a modified structure, provisionally designates as YC'2, appear to grow epitaxially on the inner walls of the carbon nanotube with the YC2c-axis parallel to the circumference of the inner cylindrical wall of the carbon nanotube. Occasional cigar-shaped particles of metallic Y, coated with epitaxed carbide, are also observed.
System identification and microposition control of ionic polymer metal composite for three-finger gripper manipulation

AbstractSmart materials have been widely used for control actuation. A robotic hand can be equipped with artificial tendons and sensors for the operation of its various joints, mimicking human hand motions. The motors in the robotic hand could be replaced with novel electro-active polymer (EAP) actuators. In the three-finger gripper proposed in this paper, each finger can be actuated individually so that dexterous handling is possible, allowing precise manipulation. To develop model-based control laws, an approximated linear model representing the electromechanical behaviour of the gripper fingers is introduced. Several chirp voltage signal inputs were applied to excite the IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite) actuators in the interesting frequency range of (0.62 Hz, 5 Hz) for 30 s at a sampling frequency of 250 Hz. The linear Box-Jenkins (BJ) model was well matched with the model obtained using a stochastic power spectral method. With feedback control, the large overshoot, rise time, and settling time as...
Electrospray ionization-voltage sweep-Ion mobility spectrometry for biomolecules and complex samples

Voltage Sweep Ion Mobility Spectrometry (VSIMS) has been applied to complex samples using electrospray ionization (ESI). The usable range of VSIMS has been extended from that obtained in previous studies where only volatile compounds were investigated. Using ESI, VSIMS was evaluated with compounds with reduced mobility values as low as 0.3 V2cm−1 s−1. The primary advantage of VSIMS is to enable a drift time ion mobility spectrometer (DTIMS) to detect both fast and slow moving ions at optimal resolving power, thus improving the peak capacity. In this work ESI-VSIMS was applied to a series of small peptides and drugs spanning a large range of reduced mobility values in order to demonstrate ESI-VSIMS to separation. To demonstrate improved peak capacity of IMS with voltage scan operation, oligomers of silicone oil provided a series of evenly-spaced peaks, ranging in reduced mobility values from 0.85 to 0.3 V2cm−1 s−1. The peak capacity of 61 for a standard IMS was improved to 102 when voltage sweep operation was employed. In addition, VSIMS increased the average resolving power of the DTIMS from 66 to 106 for silicone oil.
Synthesis of an adaptive observer using Lyapunov's direct method

An adaptive scheme is synthesized to estimate the state vector and identify all the parameters of a Single-input single-output nth order linear system, from only the input—output data. The scheme is proved to be asymptotically stable in the whole, thus ensuring the convergence of the identification process.
The dose of propofol required to prevent children from moving during magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND Intravenous propofol offers several advantages as an anesthetic for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. However, the dose of propofol required to prevent movement during magnetic resonance imaging is likely to be less than that required for surgical anesthesia. METHODS Thirty children between the ages of 1 and 10 years, undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging as outpatients were randomly assigned to receive a propofol infusion at a rate of 50, 75, or 100 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 during the imaging procedure. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen, and a 2 mg.kg-1 loading dose of propofol. Immediately after insertion of an intravenous catheter, inhaled anesthetics were discontinued and the propofol infusion started. The children then were observed for movement during the scan. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the three groups with respects to mean age (4.4 +/- 2.0 yr), weight (17.6 +/- 5.1 kg), induction time (11 +/- 3 min), scan duration (55 +/- 26 min), or recovery time (30 +/- 8 min). Five of ten patients who received 50 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 moved during the scan, three of ten patients who received 75 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 moved, and none of the children who received 100 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 moved. Two patients experienced a decrease of arterial oxygen saturation to less than 95% after receiving the initial bolus of propofol. The arterial oxygen saturation returned to normal within 15 s without specific treatment other than continued supplemental oxygen. There were no episodes of hypoxemia during image acquisition. None of the children experienced nausea or vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Following induction of anesthesia with halothane, nitrous oxide, and a 2 mg.kg-1 loading dose of propofol, infusion of propofol at a rate of 100 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 effectively prevents children from moving during elective magnetic resonance imaging. A transient decrease in arterial oxygen saturation can occur after the initial bolus of propofol. Recovery from anesthesia is rapid and without nausea or vomiting.
Data-informed practices in an urban dual enrollment program

A dual enrollment program administrator in New York City describes how program staff at seventeen two- and four-year colleges use a variety of data to set systemwide program priorities, to identify gaps in student participation, and to determine benchmarks for short- and longh-term student outcomes.
Dental Science Handbook: A Boon to People in other Disciplines

The pressing need for an accurate, simple and yet sophisticated manual of dental science for people in other disciplines has been met. The editors, contributors, and consultants have brought out a highly useful compendium of dental knowledge and practice. Illustrations, which are an integral part of each page, include 200 original drawings specifically planned to give the reader instant visualization of the structures, processes, and conditions described.
An Ontology-Based Mining of Consumer Feedbacks Using Fuzzy Reasoning

Text analytics on consumer-generated content has gained significant momentum over last few years. A wide-range of text mining techniques has been proposed which can provide interesting insights about the text content. But, the challenge still exists in consuming the extracted information in form of actionable intelligence. Identifying actionable intelligence is difficult due to differences in consumer and business languages. Since feedbacks rarely talks of a single problem, determining the problems is also challenging. We propose a framework to address some of these challenges. Organizational websites or standard domain-ontologies are rich repositories of domain knowledge. The proposed method utilizes this knowledge to learn a discriminative classifier model for a domain using Fisher's discriminant metric. The consumer feedbacks are classified to different business categories using the learnt model. The output is further fed into a fuzzy reasoning unit where every feedback is assigned confidence values for each category. Initial experiments show that the proposed framework is capable of handling text feedbacks containing customer complaints in various domains.
Nonsurgical Care of Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplant Recipients A Review for the Intensivist

Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to the treatment of choice for patients with irreversible intestinal failure and serious complications related to long-term parenteral nutrition. Increased numbers of transplant recipients and improved survival rates have led to an increased prevalence of this patient population in intensive care units. Management of intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients is uniquely challenging because of complications arising from the high incidence of transplant rejection and its treatment. Long-term comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney failure, and neurological sequelae, also develop in this patient population as survival improves. This article is intended for intensivists who provide care to critically ill recipients of intestinal and multivisceral transplants. As perioperative care of intestinal/multivisceral transplant recipients has been described elsewhere, this review focuses on common nonsurgical complications with which one should be familiar in order to provide optimal care. The article is both a review of the current literature on multivisceral and isolated intestinal transplantation as well as a reflection of our own experience at the University of Miami.
Strangers to Their Own Class

The central question addressed is whether constitutional democracy, institutionalized opposition, and radical leadership tend to narrow the vertical social distance between the officers and members of industrial unions. The empirical analysis utilizes data on the Congress of Industrial Organizations unions during the late 1940s. The argument is that both union democracy and radicalism tend to sustain a close identification between workers and their leaders, to enhance their class solidarity, and to minimize the split between them. The analysis shows that officers' salaries and the income differential between their salaries and the workers' wages were far smaller in the democratic unions and in those in the Communist camp than in the oligarchical unions and those in the anti-Communist camp.
Interleukin-6 neutralization alleviates pulmonary inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke and poly(I:C)

Increased systemic and pulmonary levels of IL-6 (interleukin-6) are associated with the severity of exacerbations and decline of lung function in patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Whether IL-6 is directly involved or plays a bystander role in the pathophysiology of COPD remains unclear. Here we hypothesized that neutralizing circulating levels of IL-6 would modulate episodes of acute pulmonary inflammation following CS (cigarette smoke) exposure and virus-like challenges. For this purpose, we used a model where C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS twice daily via a nose-only system, and concomitant periodic intranasal challenge with poly(I:C), a synthetic ligand for TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) that mimics the encounter with double stranded RNA that is carried by influenza-like viruses. This protocol recapitulates several aspects of acute pulmonary inflammation associated with COPD, including prominent airway neutrophilia, insensitivity to steroid treatment and increased levels of several inflammatory cytokines in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) samples. Although IL-6-deficient mice exposed to CS/poly(I:C) developed pulmonary inflammation similar to WT (wild-type) controls, WT mice exposed to CS/poly(I:C) and treated intraperitoneally with IL-6-neutralizing antibodies showed significantly lower blood counts of lymphocytes and monocytes, lower BAL levels of IL-6 and CXCL1 (CXC chemokine ligand 1)/KC (keratinocyte chemoattractant), as well as reduced numbers of BAL neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. Our results thus indicate that the systemic neutralization of IL-6 significantly reduces CS/poly(I:C)-induced pulmonary inflammation, which may be a relevant approach to the treatment of episodes of acute pulmonary inflammation associated with COPD.
Mass Spectrometric Determination of the Predominant Adrenergic Protoalkaloids in Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium)

The predominant adrenergic protoalkaloid found in the peel and fruit of bitter orange, Citrus aurantium, is synephrine. Synephrine is reputed to have thermogenic properties and is used as a dietary supplement to enhance energy and promote weight loss. However, there exists some concern that the consumption of dietary supplements containing synephrine or similar protoalkaloids may contribute to adverse cardiovascular events. This study developed and validated a positive-ion mode liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of the major (synephrine) and minor (tyramine, N-methyltyramine, octopamine, and hordenine) adrenergic protoalkaloids in a suite of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) bitter orange Standard Reference Materials (SRMs): SRM 3258 Bitter Orange Fruit, SRM 3259 Bitter Orange Extract, and SRM 3260 Bitter Orange Solid Oral Dosage Form. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all protoalkaloids is approximately 1 pg on-column,...
Electroreduction of oxygen

Abstract A new diagnostic criterion was developed which allows a distinction to be made between the two main possible reaction paths in electroreduction of oxygen. This criterion was applied to the results obtained in the rotating ring—disc electrode system on gold in alkaline solutions, indicating the absence of the direct four-electron reduction.
Low-level, progestogen-releasing vaginal contraceptive devices

Silicone rubber vaginal contraceptive devices of four different formulations, which release predetermined, controlled doses of three progestogens at four distinct levels, were designed and fabricated, and tested in 90-day clinical trials. Data obtained with 70 of the devices indicated that in vivo release rates (microgram/day +/- S.D.) for the formulations were: progesterone, 1400 +/- 30; norethindrone (two levels), 49.4 +/- 2.4, 196 +/- 21; d-norgestrel, 21.6 +/- 1.4. Clinical studies with these devices indicate that the women usually ovulate (with the exception of the high-dose norethindrone-releasing devices) while sperm penetration of the cervix was inhibited by all four fromulations, most consistently by the norgestrel-releasing devices.
Predictors of organizations’ crisis communication approaches: Full versus limited disclosure

Abstract This study investigates predictors of the public relations (full disclosure) versus legal (limited disclosure) approaches that may be used by organizations during a preventable crisis. Both tangible and intangible aspects of an organization were explored. The results reveal that degree of crisis preparation, public relations influences, and the perception of crisis as an opportunity were significant predictors that determine full versus limited disclosure selection.
The clinical versatility of aminoglycosides

The value of netilmicin, like that of other antibiotics, is influenced by its antimicrobial specificity, dosage and ease of administration, activity in pus and the underlying condition of the host. Different classes of antibiotics and different members among a group of antibiotics have relative strengths and weaknesses among these clinical factors that affect the results of antibacterial therapy and must be determined by careful clinical investigation.
Syrup of Ipecac: A Drug Review

All members of the health care team should strongly emphasize the importance of keeping syrup of ipecac in the home. All health professionals should also be able to fully convey a respect for the drug to the public in that syrup of ipecac is not free of its own toxicities nor universally used in every accidental ingestion. The drug must be recognized as an effective mode of treatment by the public for specific situations. Its dosing and method of administration must be strictly governed by appropriate health professionals. All poison information specialists must be especially attuned to these suggestions because the use of this drug is most often the result of their recommendation. Language: en
Hyperprolactinemia preferentially inhibits erectile function in adrenalectomized male rats.

Abstract To determine if the inhibitory effects of hyperprolactinemia on sexual arousal and serum LH levels could be dissociated from those on erectile function, copulatory behavior was examined in pituitary-grafted, adrenalectomized male rats that had been castrated and given 20mm subcutaneous testosterone implants. Whereas transplantation of three pituitaries under the kidney capsules inhibited mounting rates in intact animals, pituitary grafting did not significantly reduce mounting rates in the adrenalectomized group beyond the effect of adrenalectomy alone. In contrast, the effects of pituitary grafting on erectile function were enhanced in the adrenalectomized animals. Hyperprolactinemia also caused a significant reduction in serum LH, but only in the intact animals. These results suggest that: 1. the effects of hyperprolactinemia on erectile function occur independently from those on sexual arousal, and 2, the inhibitory effects of hyperprolactinemia on sexual arousal are linked to the effects of hyperprolactinemia on LH release.
A Development Methodology for Scientific Software

We present the details of a software development methodology that addresses all phases of the software life cycle, yet is well suited for application by small projects with limited resources. The methodology has been developed at the Los Alamos Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) Facility and was utilized during the recent development of the WNR Data Acquisition Command Language. The methodology emphasizes the development and maintenance of comprehensive documentation for all software components. The impact of the methodology upon software quality and programmer productivity is assessed.
Alterations in mitogen-induced calcium mobilization and intracellular free calcium produced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in the Jurkat human T cell line

Abstract The purpose of these studies was to assess the effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), an immunosuppressive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), on Ca+2) mobilization induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the Jurkat human T cell line. Intracellular levels of free cytosolic Ca+2 were examined by flow cytometry using Indo-1 loaded cells. At doses of 3–30 μM, DMBA was found to produce a dose and time-dependent inhibition of Ca+2 mobilization in Jurkat following in vitro exposure. The decrease in Ca+2 mobilization was correlated with an increase in baseline levels of cytoplasmic free Ca+2. Two non-immunosuppressive PAHs, benzo(e)pyrene and anthracene, failed to inhibit PHA-induced Ca+2 mobilization or alter baseline levels of free Ca+2. These results suggest that DMBA may produce immunosuppression by inhibiting Ca+2 mobilization or by altering Ca+2 homeostasis in activated T cells.
Prospective study of violence against ED workers.

Abstract Background Health care support occupations have an assault-injury rate nearly 10 times the general sector. Emergency departments (EDs) are at greatest risk of such events. Objective The objective was to describe the incidence of violence in ED health care workers (HCWs) over 9 months. Specific aims were to (1) identify demographic, occupational, and perpetrator factors related to violent events (VEs) and (2) identify predictors of acute stress in victims and predictors of loss of productivity. Methods A longitudinal, repeated-methods design was used to collect monthly survey data from ED HCWs at 6 hospitals. Surveys assessed number and type of VEs, and feelings of safety and confidence. Victims also completed specific VE surveys. Descriptive statistics and a repeated-measure linear regression model were used. Results Two hundred thirteen ED HCWs completed 1795 monthly surveys and 827 VEs were reported. Average VE rate per person per 9 months was 4.15. Six hundred one events were physical threats (PTs) (3.01 per person). Two hundred twenty six events were assaults (1.13 per person). Five hundred one VE surveys were completed, describing 341 PTs and 160 assaults. Men perpetrated 63% of PTs and 52% of assaults. Significant differences in VEs were reported between registered nurses (RNs) and medical doctors (MDs) ( P = .0017) and patient care assistants ( P P = .0041). The MDs felt more confident than the RNs in dealing with violent patients ( P = .013). The RNs were more likely to experience acute stress than the MDs ( P P Conclusion Emergency department HCWs are frequent victims of violence perpetrated by visitors and patients. This results in injuries, acute stress, and lost productivity. Acute stress has negative consequences on workers' ability to perform their duties.
RADIAL FLOW HOLLOW FIBERREVERSE OSMOSIS: EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY

Abstract The performance of a hollow fiber reverse osmosis system is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Experiments were carried out for applied pressure ranging from 200 to 400 psig, feed rates varying from 75 to 380 cc/sec and for feed concentrations up to 34,000 ppm of sodium chloride. A mathematical model is proposed to predict productivity, ϕ, and product concentration, θp. The model involves solving membrane transport equations simultaneously with the hydrodynamic equations. The solubility-diffusion-imperfection, or pore diffusion model, is used to describe solute and solvent transport across the membrane. The axial gradients of shell side concentration, neglected in previous investigations, are taken into account. The differential equations are solved numerically by the 4th Order Runge-Kutta method. Predicted values of ϕ and θp agree within 8% and 17% respectively, with experimental data over the entire range of operating conditions. However, membrane transport coefficients were found t...
Kidney disease, Framingham risk scores, and cardiac and mortality outcomes.

Abstract Background The Framingham equations were developed to predict incident coronary heart disease. It remains unknown how the presence of chronic kidney disease affects their performance. Methods Individuals without preexisting cardiovascular disease aged 45 to 74 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Cardiovascular Health Studies were analyzed. Using sex- and race-specific Cox models, we evaluated the 5-year risk of coronary heart disease and mortality events associated with both chronic kidney disease and Framingham risk score, the absolute risk of events caused by kidney disease, and model discrimination. Results Among 15,717 subjects, 756 (4.8%) had kidney disease. The Framingham risk score independently predicted cardiac and mortality events in all subgroups, whereas kidney disease predicted events in all subgroups except cardiac events in white women. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the increase in cardiac and mortality events per 1000 person-years attributable to kidney disease was 4.3 and 13.7 for white men, 16.1 and 40.5 for African American men, 1.2 and 5.8 for white women, and 13.6 and 14.2 for African American women, respectively. This represented an additional 17,000 and 12,000 cardiac events and 63,000 and 19,000 deaths per year among whites and African Americans, respectively. Mortality rates attributable to kidney disease, diabetes, and smoking were comparable. Accounting for kidney disease improved discrimination for only mortality outcomes in white men and African American women. Conclusions Chronic kidney disease in a community-based population is an important predictor of cardiac and mortality events, particularly in African Americans, but it does not improve discrimination of Framingham equations.
Practical solutions to enterprise reliability CAE problems

Today's enterprise environment is becoming more problematic from a reliability analysis perspective. The 21/sup st/ Century reliability engineer faces many challenges that are driven by a changing paradigm of how we do business. New enterprise teaming relationships present challenges on how to distribute work, share analysis results, and collaborate. New materials, part technologies, and manufacturing processes drive a need for different reliability assessment techniques. Companies are taking a closer look at the life cycle cost of their engineering automation (EA) investment. Tool choices must be cost effective to lease or purchase, deploy, and support. A successful reliability computer aided engineering (RCAE) environment will be a key enabler to help the reliability engineer adapt to a changing enterprise. A successful RCAE environment is much more than just tools. RCAE requirements are influenced by many factors. This paper addresses how Raytheon Corporation used a recent restructuring activity to integrate new processes, intranet upgrades, commercial off the shelf (COTS) tools, and groupware support solutions to solve many of the problems encountered while building their new enterprise environment.
Resource Provisioning Options for Large-Scale Scientific Workflows

Scientists in many fields are developing large-scale workflows containing millions of tasks and requiring thousands of hours of aggregate computation time. Acquiring the computational resources to execute these workflows poses many challenges for application developers. Although the grid provides ready access to large pools of computational resources, the traditional approach to accessing these resources suffers from many overheads that lead to poor performance. In this paper we examine several techniques based on resource provisioning that may be used to reduce these overheads. These techniques include: advance reservations, multi-level scheduling, and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). We explain the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in terms of cost, performance and usability.
V(D)J recombination: in vitro coding joint formation.

Antigen receptor genes are assembled through a mechanism known as V(D)J recombination, which involves two different joining reactions: signal and coding joining. Formation of these joints is essential for antigen receptor assembly as well as maintaining chromosomal integrity. Here we report on a cell-free system for coding joint formation using deletion and inversion recombination substrates. In vitro coding joint formation requires RAG1, RAG2, and heat-labile factors present in the nuclear extract of nonlymphoid cells. Both inversion- and deletion-mediated coding joint reactions produce diverse coding joints, with deletions and P nucleotide addition. We also show that deletion-mediated coding joint formation follows the 12/23 rule and requires the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase. B and T lymphocytes produce diverse antigen receptors utilizing the V(D)J recombination reaction. The DNA sequence requirements for V(D)J recombination consist of highly conserved heptamer and nonamer DNA motifs (recombination signal sequences [RSSs]) separated by a spacer of 12 or 23 bp (12 RSS and 23 RSS), which flank recombining regions of both the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor loci. Efficient recombination occurs almost exclusively between RSSs with different spacer lengths. This restriction, known as the 12/23 rule (25, 49), has been shown to be regulated during the cleavage step of V(D)J recombination (7, 46, 52). Orientation of the RSSs that
The possible taeniacidal action of an alkaloid-free fraction of Areca.

An alkaloid-free, water-soluble fraction which retained essentially all the toxicity to earthworms of the original powder was prepared from areca. It is suggested that the taeniacidal action of areca is mainly due to principles other than alkaloids.
Disease Registries on the Nationwide Health Information Network

Background: Donation by individuals of their protected health information (PHI) for evidence-based research potentially benefits all individuals with disease through improved understandings of disease patterns. In the future, a better understanding of how disease features combine into unique patterns of disease will generate new disease classifications, supporting greater specificity in health management techniques. However, without large numbers of people who donate their PHI to disease registries designed for research, it is difficult for researchers to discover the existence of complex patterns or to create more specific evidence-based management techniques. In order to identify new opportunities in disease registry design, an analysis of the current stage of maturity of the newly created U.S. Nationwide Health Information Network (NwHIN) related to large-scale consumer donation of PHI is presented. Methods: Utilizing a use–case analysis methodology, the consumer-centric designs of the policies and technologies created for the NwHIN were examined for the potential to support consumer donations of PHI to research. Results:
In their own words: Contextualizing the discourse of (war) trauma and healing

This article highlights community-based conceptions and articulations of warviews and coping mechanisms among refugees in a camp along the Thailand-Burma border. The author asserts that, no matter how victimized they may feel about themselves, the refugees are capable of naming and responding to their collective sense of reality and can be active participants in their own healing and community building.
Barriers to implementation of a computerized decision support system for depression: An observational report on lessons learned in "real world" clinical settings

Despite wide promotion, clinical practice guidelines have had limited effect in changing physician behavior. Effective implementation strategies to date have included: multifaceted interventions involving audit and feedback, local consensus processes, marketing; reminder systems, either manual or computerized; and interactive educational meetings. In addition, there is now growing evidence that contextual factors affecting implementation must be addressed such as organizational support (leadership procedures and resources) for the change and strategies to implement and maintain new systems. To examine the feasibility and effectiveness of implementation of a computerized decision support system for depression (CDSS-D) in routine public mental health care in Texas, fifteen study clinicians (thirteen physicians and two advanced nurse practitioners) participated across five sites, accruing over 300 outpatient visits on 168 patients. Issues regarding computer literacy and hardware/software requirements were identified as initial barriers. Clinicians also reported concerns about negative impact on workflow and the potential need for duplication during the transition from paper to electronic systems of medical record keeping. The following narrative report based on observations obtained during the initial testing and use of a CDSS-D in clinical settings further emphasizes the importance of taking into account organizational factors when planning implementation of evidence-based guidelines or decision support within a system.
Software, shareware and freeware: multiplex commitment to an electronic social exchange system†

We observe the behavior of 37 authors of shared (i.e., non-commercial) software for the Apple Newton in terms of multiplex commitment (committed to multiple related targets) and the helping behaviors directed at these multiple related targets. The behavior of these shared software authors show a pattern of commitment to related targets consistent with our expectations of multiplex commitment and relationships to two helping behaviors (the number of shared software programs produced, and the degree of sacrifice expected with that shared software). The related targets of commitment were the users of the software, other shared software authors, and the newsgroup that served as the electronic social exchange system, but not the FTP site that enabled the exchange or the Listserv that served as an additional electronic social exchange system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of an indoor/outdoor RSS signature cellular handset location method in Manhattan

This paper presents handset location results in a live cellular network using a received signal strength (RSS) signature method that can locate handsets in the ultradense urban environment like Manhattan. Our results show that RSS location techniques are accurate for both outdoor and indoor users, surpassing the United States' rigorous E911 guideline of location estimate errors of less than 100 m 67% of the time and less than 300 m 95% of the time. A unique indoor propagation model presented in this paper may enhance location-based services and (in the US) enhanced 911 safety service offered by cellular carriers.