cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Forage Fiber and Cell Walls in Ruminant Nutrition

Analysis of the fiber or cell wall present in forages is of major concern in ruminant nutrition because diets often contain large amounts of forage, and the fiber fraction affects both feed intake and animal performance. Traditional extractive, gravimetric methods such as crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber recover variable amounts of the plant cell wall, but they remain popular because of their ease of use and the large feed data bases available for these methods. More intensive chemical methods utilizing chromatography and spectrometric analysis provide greater detail on cell wall composition and structure, but they have been used little in ruminant nutrition. Lignin analysis has remained problematic because no definitive reference method exists. Recently attention has focused on the measurement of lignin composition and cell wall phenolic acids; however, these methods have yet to be widely adopted in ruminant nutrition. The detergent fiber methods have been semi-automated to increase sample handling capacity. Near-infrared spectroscopy is routinely used for prediction of fiber concentration in forages and has greatly increased the ease of obtaining fiber analysis of forage samples. Widespread adoption in ruminant nutrition of the more sophisticated methods of cell wall analysis is unlikely to occur until these methods can be demonstrated to improve diet formulation and prediction of animal performance.
Influence of H2O2 on a chloride‐dependent reaction path to chlorine dioxide

Reaction paths governing chlorine dioxide formation from solutions of sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride at 25°C were examined. Chlorine dioxide was formed by two paths: the reduction of chlorate by hydrogen peroxide and the reduction of chlorate by chloride. At conditions of this study, the rate of the chloride-chlorate path predominated and was enhanced by hydrogen peroxide, reaching an upper limit as hydrogen peroxide concentration was increased. A mechanism was proposed that explains the observed behavior. It is based on existing theory, but includes a new step: the rapid reaction of hydrogen peroxide with an intermediate, Cl2O2. It was shown also that chloride was not required to sustain chlorine dioxide formation in the hydrogen peroxide-chlorate path.
Stability of a Plane Parallel Flow with Variable Vertical Shear and Unstable Stratification

A study is made of stability properties of perturbations superimposed on an unstably stratified plane parallel flow with variable vertical shear. Two different types of instability which may take place in the flow are found: one is a thermal instability modified by a shear flow, and the other is an inertial instability modified by a thermal stratification. Unstable perturbations of the thermal type are distinguished from those of the inertial type in terms of the Richardson number. The thermal instability is most favorable for development of a three-dimensional longitudinal perturbation whose wavelength in the direction parallel to the basic flow is much longer than that in the direction perpendicular to the basic flow. A preferred perturbation of the inertial instability, however, is of a two-dimensional transverse mode. Amplification of transverse perturbations of thermal origin is reduced by the influence of a shear flow regardless of the presence of variable shear in the basic flow. We conclude that a shear flow in general is responsible for the formation of longitudinal convection roll, and a variable shear slightly affects characteristics of thermal instability of a constant shear flow.
A Comparison of Substance Use Behaviors of Hispanic Men by Sexual Orientation.

Background/Significance: Substance use is a public health concern in the United States. Hispanic men in the United States experience disproportionate rates of substance use when compared to other ethnic groups. Previous research with the general population of Hispanic men has identified factors that are related and may contribute to substance use. In addition, Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) may experience additional social factors that may result in substance use. Despite the body of research on substance use among Hispanic men, no study to date has compared the substance use behaviors of Hispanic men by sexual orientation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the substance use behaviors of Hispanic men by sexual orientation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 164 community-dwelling Hispanic men (i.e., 77 heterosexual men and 87 HMSM) who resided in the South Florida area. Participants completed standardized measures of substance use and demographic characteristics. Results: Findings suggested that heterosexual men had higher rates of substance use when compared to MSM. No differences were found among the two groups of men in terms of alcohol intoxication. Religion, education, and income were not predictors of substance use. When health insurance status was controlled, MSM were less likely to report substance use. Implications: As a population, Hispanic men continue to experience health disparities in terms of substance use. Because substance use renders Hispanic men at risk for other health issues, more research is needed to understand the co-occurring health disparities experienced by Hispanic men who reside in the United States.
Nf1 haploinsufficiency alters myeloid lineage commitment and function, leading to deranged skeletal homeostasis

Although nullizygous loss of NF1 leads to myeloid malignancies, haploinsufficient loss of NF1 (Nf1) has been shown to contribute to osteopenia and osteoporosis which occurs in approximately 50% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. Bone marrow mononuclear cells of haploinsufficient NF1 patients and Nf1(+/-) mice exhibit increased osteoclastogenesis and accelerated bone turnover; however, the culprit hematopoietic lineages responsible for perpetuating these osteolytic manifestations have yet to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of a single Nf1 allele within the myeloid progenitor cell population (Nf1-LysM) is necessary and sufficient to promote multiple osteoclast gains-in-function, resulting in enhanced osteoclastogenesis and accelerated osteoclast bone lytic activity in response to proresorptive challenge in vivo. Surprisingly, mice conditionally Nf1 heterozygous in mature, terminally differentiated osteoclasts (Nf1-Ctsk) do not exhibit any of these skeletal phenotypes, indicating a critical requirement for Nf1 haploinsufficiency at a more primitive/progenitor stage of myeloid development in perpetuating osteolytic activity. We further identified p21Ras-dependent hyperphosphorylation of Pu.1 within the nucleus of Nf1 haploinsufficient myelomonocytic osteoclast precursors, providing a novel therapeutic target for the potential treatment of NF1 associated osteolytic manifestations.
Working Inside the Box: An Example of Google Desktop Search in a Forensic Examination

Information and the technological advancements for which mankind develops with regards to its storage has increased tremendously over the past few decades. As the total amount of data stored rapidly increases in conjunction with the amount of widely available computer-driven devices being used, solutions are being developed to better harness this data. These types of advancements are continually assisting investigators and computer forensic examiners. One such application which houses copious amounts of fruitful data is the Google Desktop Search program. Coupled with tested and verified techniques, examiners can exploit the power of this application to cater to their investigative needs. Please find within a real world case example of these techniques and its subsequent outcome.
Polaronic conduction and Anderson localization in reduced strontium barium niobate

Electron transport mechanisms in reduced Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN50) are investigated from ∼100 to 955 K through an analysis of the electrical conductivity (σ) and the Seebeck coefficient (S) with respect to temperature (T). Notably, experimental evidence is presented that supports a scenario of Anderson localization below 600 K and carrier excitation across a mobility edge at higher temperature. As a relaxor ferroelectric, stoichiometric SBN has intrinsic disorder associated with both the distribution of Sr/Ba vacancies and the formation of polarized nanoregions. The removal of oxygen through reduction generates conduction electrons in SBN. At the lowest temperatures measured (100–155 K), the electrical conductivity exhibits a temperature dependence characteristic of variable range hopping, followed by a transition to small polaron hopping at intermediate temperatures (250–545 K). In both the variable range and small polaron hopping regimes, a semiconductor-like temperature dependence of the electrical condu...
Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in Predominantly Hispanic and Black Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives To compare 3 different treatment regimens for vitamin D deficiency in minority adolescents and to explore factors that impact treatment efficacy. Study design We conducted an 8-week, prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial in an urban, academic, children's hospital. A total of 183 vitamin D-deficient adolescents, mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D 13.7 ± 3.9 ng/mL; mean age 16.6 ± 2.2 years, were randomized into 3 vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) treatment arms: 50 000 IU/wk; 5000 IU/d; and 1000 IU/d. Serum 25(OH)D and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) levels were measured pre-and posttreatment; 122 (67%) participants completed posttreatment measures. Complete-case and multiple-imputation, intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Results Mean change in 25(OH)D level posttreatment was significantly different among the 3 arms, 24.9 ± 15.1 vs 21.0 ± 15.2 vs 6.2 ± 6.5 ng/mL, for 50 000 IU, 5000 IU, and 1000 IU doses, respectively, P 30 ng/mL) with 50 000 IU, 5000 IU, and 1000 IU doses, respectively, P P P Conclusions Adult-sized adolescents require 8 weeks of high-dose cholecalciferol, at least 5000 IU/d, to correct deficiency. Obese adolescents have poorer response to treatment and may need higher doses than nonobese youth. Hispanic and black adolescents have different VDBP levels but similar treatment responses. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01784029.
Diagnostic Utility of the Ictal Cry

Consecutive video-EEGs of 20 adult patients with generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures and 20 with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) were reviewed from the archives at University of South Florida, Tampa General Hospital, and the audio components of the recordings were analyzed and compared for all vocalizations.
Infrared Luminescence from MOCVD Gan

An infrared emission peak at 1.25 eV is observed from a GaN film which exhibits strong yellow luminescence peaking at 2.15 eV. It is most efficient at a temperature of 160 K. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the IR peak is 0.17±0.01 eV, which is about 1/3 that of the yellow peak.
Note on Construction of Stroop-Type Stimuli:

In the typical Stroop (1935) test S is presented with a list of incongruously colored color names, e.g., the word 'RED' printed in blue ink, and is required to rapidly name the color of each item in the list. Response time for this task is considerably slower than for a control condition employing colored patches. [For a recent review see Jensen and Rohwer ( 1966) .] Constructing these incongruously colored color names is generally a long, tiring, and frustrating experience. A relatively fast, neat, and economical method of generating Stroop-type stimuli is to use plastic label tapes and an appropriate embossing tool (DYMO Labelmaker or tapewriter, Dymo Industries, Inc., P. 0 . Box 1030, Berkeley, CA 94701; ROTEX labeler, Avery Products Corp., 215 W. 1 3 1 s St., Los Angeles, CA 90061; LABELO N embossing cape, Labelon Corp., 10 Chapin St., Canadaigua, NY 14424). These tapes come in a wide variery of sizes and colors, are usually glossy in appearance, and the resulting stimuli are white letters on a colored background. Two Suoop-test experiments were conducted (Kamlet & Egeth, 1969). In Exp. I the stimuli were letters embossed on strips of %-in. wide plastic label tape. The strips were arranged on white cardboard sheets in five columns of 10 strips each. In Exp. I1 lettering was done with a silk screen process and thus the letters themselves, and not their backgrounds, were colored. There were 48 items arranged in 24 pairs on a sheet. Ten B.A. level laboratory workers at the Human Engineering Laboratories and 12 Johns Hopkins undergraduates served as Ss in Exps. I and 11, respectively. In each experiment S read through a control sheet in which each item consisted of four "X"s. After a 1%-min. pause he read the sheet containing the color names. This procedure was repeated once. The respective mean reading times for the color name items and control items were 37.5 and 23.9 sec. in Exp. I and 37.9 and 25.4 sec. in Exp. 11. For each experiment two-tailed t tests showed that these differences were indeed significant (9 < .01). Thus, label-tape stimuli are at least as effective in producing Stroop-type interference as are incongruously colored color names.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Electrical Impedance Instrument for Counting Platelets in Whole Blood

The Ultra-Flo® 100 is a new electrical impedance instrument for counting platelets in whole blood. This instrument adds hydrodynamic focusing and sheath flow to the electrical impedance method. The combined effect of these technics keeps the cells in the center of the counting aperture and permits more accurate cell sizing and platelet counting. Platelet counts obtained from the Ultra-Flo 100 platelet counter were compared with those obtained from the Coulter ZBI® with a channelyzer; both methods were compared with manually obtained chamber counts. Studies were performed to determine linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, speed of performance, and the sensitivity of the Ultra-Flo to abnormal blood specimens. In the linearity experiment, two blood specimens, both type O, with differing erythrocyte counts and high and low platelet counts, respectively, were used. These specimens were mixed together in various microliter proportions to obtain several linear combinations. These were then counted with the Ultra-Flo instrument and compared with the theoretical results expected from the combinations. A second study tested the accuracy, reproducibility, speed, and sensitivity of the instrument. In this study, 150 specimens were acquired throughout the range of platelet counts from 4 x 109/I to 1,000 x 109/I. An aliquot of each specimen was used in duplicate for three test methods. Thus, six aliquots were obtained per specimen. Duplicate phase counts, Ultra-Flo counts, and ZBI counts were performed. The data obtained using the Ultra-Flo were considerably more reproducible than data obtained using either the ZBI or the phase counts; the accuracies of the Ultra-Flo and ZBI were comparable.
Distinct Transcriptional Programs Control Cross-Priming in Classical and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Summary Both classical DCs (cDCs) and monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) are capable of cross-priming CD8 + T cells in response to cell-associated antigens. We found that Ly-6C hi TREML4 − monocytes can differentiate into Zbtb46 + Mo-DCs in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) but that Ly-6C hi TREML4 + monocytes were committed to differentiate into Ly-6C lo TREML4 + monocytes. Differentiation of Zbtb46 + Mo-DCs capable of efficient cross-priming required both GM-CSF and IL-4 and was accompanied by the induction of Batf3 and Irf4 . However, monocytes require IRF4, but not BATF3, to differentiate into Zbtb46 + Mo-DCs capable of cross-priming CD8 + T cells. Instead, Irf4 −/− monocytes differentiate into macrophages in response to GM-CSF and IL-4. Thus, cDCs and Mo-DCs require distinct transcriptional programs of differentiation in acquiring the capacity to prime CD8 + T cells. These differences may be of consideration in the use of therapeutic DC vaccines based on Mo-DCs.
Annual Report FY2014 Alternative Fuels DISI Engine Research

Due to concerns about future petroleum supply and accelerating climate change, increased engine efficiency and alternative fuels are of interest. This project contributes to the science-base needed by industry to develop highly efficient DISI engines that also beneficially exploit the different properties of alternative fuels. Lean operation is studied since it can provide higher efficiencies than traditional non-dilute stoichiometric operation. Since lean operation can lead to issues with ignition stability, slow flame propagation and low combustion efficiency, focus is on techniques that can overcome these challenges. Specifically, fuel stratification can be used to ensure ignition and completeness of combustion, but may lead to soot and NOx emissions challenges. Advanced ignition system and intake air preheating both promote ignition stability. Controlled end-gas autoignition can be used maintain high combustion efficiency for ultra-lean well-mixed conditions. However, the response of both combustion and exhaust emission to these techniques depends on the fuel properties. Therefore, to achieve optimal fuel-economy gains, the combustion-control strategies of the engine must adopt to the fuel being utilized.
A 1DVAR retrieval applied to GMI: Algorithm description, validation, and sensitivities

A fully physical, 1-D variational inversion algorithm (1DVAR) has been developed to simultaneously retrieve total precipitable water (TPW), 10 m wind speed, and cloud liquid water path (CLWP) over ocean. Results presented are for the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI), but the algorithm is adaptable to any microwave imager. The Colorado State University 1DVAR is novel in that the observation error covariances are not assumed to be zero and empirical orthogonal functions are utilized to retrieve the structure of the water vapor profile, aided by GMI's high-frequency channels. Validation against radiosonde and ocean buoy observations demonstrates a near zero bias for wind speed and a small positive bias for water vapor, respectively, with RMS errors that rival those of benchmark products. RMS errors against validation are 2.6 mm and 1.2 m/s for TPW and wind speed. No calibration adjustments were made to achieve these results, and no “truth” data were used to train the algorithm. The advantages of this fully physical inversion are its adaptability, transparency, and full description of retrieval errors. Sensitivities of the algorithm are explored in detail.
Solutions of the Steady State Thermoviscoplastic Penetration Problem by the Galerkin and the Petrov-Galerkin Formulations

Steady state thermomechanical deformations of a target hit by a rigid cylindrical penetrator with a hemispherical nose are studied by using the finite element method. The target material is presumed to exhibit thermal softening but strain and strain-rate hardening. Computed results by using the 6-noded triangular elements and 9-noded rectangular elements are found to match well. The Petrov-Galerkin formulation of the problem has not given satisfactory results thus far.
Combustion synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles for aging and inhalation exposure studies

Abstract The continuous production of an aerosol of CeO 2 nanoparticles is valuable for nanoparticle aging and inhalation exposure studies, compared with other synthesis processes that require subsequent handling and preparation of the aerosol which can alter nanoparticle properties. This paper describes a new method for producing CeO 2 nanoparticles and a novel facility where a combustion synthesis system was integrated in-line with an atmospheric ultraviolet (UV) aging chamber and an inhalation exposure system. Poly-disperse CeO 2 nanoparticles were continuously produced to demonstrate the capability of the integrated nanoparticle synthesis and delivery system. The CeO 2 nanoparticles were products of combustion of cerium acetate hydrate, a solid-phase precursor, with gas-phase hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen reactants. Results for particle size, concentration, crystal structure, and morphology are presented for the CeO 2 nanoparticles produced in this study with and without UV exposure in the aging chamber. The setup successfully demonstrated the capability to maintain a steady CeO 2 particle number concentration throughout four hours of operation with ~90% of the particles less than 200 nm in size, corresponding to a mass concentration of approximately 500 μg/m 3 . The CeO 2 nanoparticle morphology (including primary particle size and aggregate size) and crystalline phase showed minimal sensitivity to UV aging in the ambient urban environment used in the study. The results indicate other species co-produced in diesel fuel systems (where CeO 2 nanoparticles are used as a fuel additive) or found in the urban atmosphere may be required to affect the aging of CeO 2 nanoparticles observed in previous studies.
Why should the steel industry do anything with their PCB transformers

EPA regulations force owners of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) equipment to carefully review regulatory compliance and develop PCB risk management programs. The EPA is currently planning new PCB regulations that may add additional PCB management requirements. The author briefly reviews the EPA regulations, highlighting the more commonly violated requirements. Several risk management techniques are presented and discussed. A method of quantifying PCB equipment owning cost is presented. >
Justicia y ecología como frontera para las universidades jesuitas

Jesuit universities, in as much as they share the mission of the Society of Jesus, must respond, in the framework of their academic commitment, to the social and ecological fractures that proliferate in our global society. This entails a permanent endeavor for all university activities to internalize the mission of the Society of Jesus. This paper suggests some implications of that mission regarding University life. The mission of the Jesuits is considered in relation to recent General Congregations and in the scientific and cultural context in which this adaptation, or internalization, occurs. We will consider how Jesuit cultural and spiritual traditions can illuminate ecology and social justice issues, and the implications of this mission in terms of the teaching, learning, research, and social outreach of Jesuit universities.
Caregiving and Mental Health: Policy Implications

Evidence that family caregiving is both effective and burdensome is presented throughout this volume. Lack of public support for family caregiving is also a consistent theme. In this chapter, we will examine the public policy context of family caregiving and suggest an innovative approach for achieving increased public support. The policy discussion is important because much of the national health care infrastructure is built on the assumption that family caregiving will fill needs that the professional health care delivery system cannot meet. As a result, efforts to improve health care that do not address family caregiving will be limited in their ability to produce comprehensive care. This chapter reviews some of the dynamics that are important to family caregiving policy for families facing mental illness and makes a range of recommendations. Chief among these is the proposal to build locally based systems of support for family caregiving.
The Evolving Role of Laparoscopic Technique in the Performance of Hartmann’s Procedure

The Hartmann’s procedure has a broad range of clinical uses. Although the Hartmann’s reversal has a low mortality, it is a major surgical procedure and therefore the morbidity rate is relatively high. The adaptation of advanced laparoscopic techniques to colon surgery enables the surgeon to perform the Hartmann’s procedure using minimally invasive techniques. Patients may experience less postoperative pain, a quicker return of bowel function, and a shorter hospital stay.
Uniqueness of equilibrium in a Bewley–Aiyagari model

I establish the uniqueness of a stationary equilibrium in a Bewley–Aiyagari model when the agents’ utility function exhibits constant relative risk aversion bounded above by 1 and the production function exhibits a certain gross substitute property.
Indistinguishable single-mode photons from spectrally engineered biphotons

We use pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion in KTiOPO 4, with a Gaussian phase-matching function and a transform-limited Gaussian pump, to achieve near-unity spectral purity in heralded single photons at telecommunication wavelength. Theory shows that these phase-matching and pump conditions are sufficient to ensure that a biphoton state with a circularly symmetric joint spectral intensity profile is transform limited and factorable. We verify the heralded-state spectral purity in a four-fold coincidence measurement by performing Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two independently generated heralded photons. With a mild spectral filter we obtain an interference visibility of 98.4±1.1% which corresponds to a heralded-state purity of 99.2%. Our heralded photon source is potentially an essential resource for measurement-based quantum information processing and quantum network applications.
Antecedents of union support in the United States hospitality industry

The purpose of this paper was to examine the variables which are related to union organizing among hospitality workers in the United States. Predictors of union support were investigated in order t...
How targeted therapy disrupts the treatment paradigm for acquired TTP: the risks, benefits, and unknowns

Insights into immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) pathophysiology have led to novel targeted therapies. Immunomodulatory strategies target anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies: rituximab is effective in inducing responses in refractory/relapsed TTP and increasing relapse-free survival; caplacizumab targets the von Willebrand factor-platelet interaction to hasten platelet count recovery and reduce mortality and TTP-related ischemic events. Bortezomib and recombinant ADAMTS13 are under investigation. This review examines how targeted therapies are disrupting current treatment paradigms to improve outcomes of iTTP.
Local leaders in national social movements: The Tea Party

The literature on Tea Party activity is a debate between structuralist and culturalist interpretations of the movement’s macro-processes – its origin and meanings – that neglects the micro-processe...
Toward a History of Rights in the City at Night: Making and Breaking the Nightly Curfew in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro

During much of the nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian capital, was under a selective curfew that made it a crime to be in the city's public spaces after dark. The curfew bent normal rules and attenuated supposedly universal rights, overtly discriminating between people on the basis of class and race. Rules that legally defined the nighttime did not come from any national statute, or from newly independent Brazil's liberal Constitution (1824) or its Criminal Code (1830). Instead, Rio's nocturnal sociolegal world was the product of police edicts, on-the-ground policing practice, and city ordinances. It also emerged from the actions of people who used the darker hours for work, play, and resistance against oppression, especially members of the city's immense enslaved population and the growing number of free persons of African descent. In other words, this is a phenomenon of urban governance that allows, and indeed forces us to look beyond the nineteenth-century nation-state to understand the exercise of power at a local level. This article explores how the curfew established patterns and means of limiting the basic freedom to move about the city. It was at night when both the necessity and fragility of what jurists in Brazil called the “freedom to come and go” came into view. The daily transition between day and night enacted juridical changes that, although invisible at the national level, fundamentally shaped the social categories that determined people's places in society in ways that historical research has yet to explore.
Smoking Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Increased Opioid Consumption in Patients Being Treated for Ankle Fractures

Abstract Using narcotics for pain management is an integral part of orthopaedic surgery, especially after traumatic injuries such as ankle fractures. Although narcotics are often necessary for adequate pain control, prolonged duration of opioid treatment is becoming more common, and the detrimental effects of opioid use are well known. To treat this epidemic, we need to better understand the factors that put patients at risk for increased narcotic requirements and potential opioid misuse after orthopaedic injuries. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare opioid use among ankle fracture patients in smokers versus nonsmokers to better elucidate whether tobacco use is a risk factor for increased opioid consumption. A retrospective review was conducted for all patients who presented with an ankle fracture (Weber A to C) to any of 8 institutions in a large mid-Atlantic regional hospital system and subsequently underwent surgery between the November 2013 and January 2017. Exclusion criteria included patients age
A comparison of dual-lumen balloon and simple microcatheters in the embolization of DAVFs and AVMs using onyx.

Abstract Endovascular embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) has become the mainstay in treatment for these pathologies. Traditional techniques required the formation of a proximal plug of Onyx around the microcatheter prior to embolization to avoid reflux. Recently, dual-lumen balloon catheters have been introduced as a potential solution to this issue. We sought to compare our institutional experience with dual-lumen balloons to traditional microcatheters in the endovascular embolization of AVMs and DAVFs. A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with Scepter between 2016 and 2020 was obtained. A control cohort treated with Marathon between 2012 and 2020 was also obtained. Variables collected included patient demographics, procedure times, pedicles treated, operative complications, obliteration rate, and retreatment rate. A total of 44 trial (30 DAVFs and 14 AVMs) and 25 control (15 DAVFs and 10 AVMs) subjects were identified. Average Scepter procedure times were 66.0 and 68.0 min for DAVFs and AVMs, respectively. Average Scepter volume of Onyx injected was 2.2 and 1.4 mL for DAVFs and AVMs, respectively. Complete angiographic occlusion Scepter rate was 86.7% and 50.0% for DAVFs and AVMs, respectively. The Scepter retreatment rate was 13.3% and 50.0% for DAVFs and AVMs, respectively. Predictors of angiographic occlusion included the number of pedicles (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.30–0.97, p = 0.04). Predictors of retreatment included DAVF (OR 0.16, 95%CI 0.04–0.66, p = 0.01) and Marathon (OR 3.34, 95%CI 1.00–11.56, p = 0.05). Our study shows that dual-lumen balloon catheters are a viable option in the embolization of DAVFs and AVMs.
Assisted injection provider practices and motivations in Los Angeles and San Francisco California 2016-18.

Abstract Background Assisted injection is a high-risk and common practice among people who inject drugs (PWID) and occurs for diverse reasons according to qualitative research. To develop interventions for reducing assisted injection risks, it is important to understand the practices of PWID who provide injection assistance, including their motivations for providing assistance. Methods Using follow-up data from an efficacy trial among PWID recruited in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA (n=601), we present descriptive statistics on motivations for providing injection assistance and use multivariable logistic regression modelling to examine factors associated with these motivations. Results PWID provided injection assistance most commonly to friends and acquaintances. A quarter provided assistance on a daily basis. The most common motivations for providing assistance were skill and injury prevention. PWID also provided assistance to stop pestering and for compensation in money or drugs. In separate models examining factors associated with the five main motivations, we found injury prevention to be associated with skill injecting others, neck injection, methamphetamine use, and recycling income. Pestering was associated with injury prevention, neck and hand injection, speedball use, and syringe selling. Skill was associated with injury prevention, neck and hand injection, being physically assaulted, and age. Providing assistance for money was associated with providing assistance for food or drugs, armpit injections, being female, and providing assistance more frequently. Providing assistance for drugs was associated with compensation in food or money, goofball injection, selling drugs, and panhandling. Conclusion Providing injection assistance is associated with injection needs of recipients and drug scene participation. We urgently need new interventions for reducing assisted injection risks. Since injection providers report being motivated by skill and to prevent injury, interventions such as training in safer injection techniques are likely to be met with enthusiasm.
Sources and Strategies for Managing Sexual Conflict in Diverse Relationships

Sexual conflict is a consequential feature of many long-term relationships. The present study investigates the sources of sexual conflict for 452 individuals in relationships of at least three months who consider their relationship to be less common or less accepted than other relationships and strategies individuals in these relationships employ for managing these conflicts. Findings suggest that the majority who described their sexual conflicts noted a discrepancy in the frequency of either sexual activity generally, or a specific sex act. Participants attributed disparate levels of sex drive or a desire for different types of sex acts to busy lives/schedules, fatigue, and not making room for intimacy. In addition, participants sometimes attributed a sex drive discrepancy to identity-specific issues like gender dysphoria or histories with intimate partner violence. A number of participants also discussed safety and infidelity as sources of conflict in their relationships. Individuals often resolved conflict by reimagining what intimacy looks like in their relationships, or scheduling time for sexual activity. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed in light of the creative problem-solving strategies employed by the sample in the present study.
Thermal stability and microstructural evolution of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel by laser powder bed fusion at 500–800 ℃

Abstract Thermal stability of the dislocation cellular structure and the precipitation behavior of chromium carbide (M23C6), silicide (Mo3Si), and σ phase in austenitic 316L stainless steel (SS) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) were studied at 500–800 ℃. The dislocation cellular structure and hardness remained stable at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃ for up to 400 h. However, the regional coarsening of cellular structure resulted in a slight reduction of hardness after 100 h aging at 700 ℃. Short-time thermal exposure (less than 0.5 h) at 800 ℃ destructed the cellular structure. Discontinuous coarse M23C6 carbide and semi-continuous fine molybdenum silicide precipitated along high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), but not on the dislocation cellular boundaries at 700 ℃. A moderate Cr depletion of ~12.7 wt% was observed along HAGB. At 800 ℃, the σ phase precipitated both along the HAGBs and in the intragranular subgrain dislocation structures. Compared to the wrought 316L SS with and without cold work, AM 316L SS exhibited ten times faster nucleation and growth kinetics. The low-angle dislocation cellular structures and elemental segregation along these structures were found to accelerate σ phase precipitation. The growth of the σ phase precipitates in AM 316L SS was primarily controlled by particle growth at the early stage and particle coarsening (primarily through Ostwald ripening) at the later stage. Thermodynamic simulation suggested the Mo and Cr segregation along HAGBs in AM 316L facilitates σ phase formation, and higher GB Si activity in AM 316L SS is required to form Mo3Si.
Implementation of school-based services for students with autism: Barriers and facilitators across urban and rural districts and phases of implementation.

Research regarding variables influencing evidence-based practice implementation within school services for students with autism spectrum disorder is limited. Using qualitative methods, the current ...
Effect of aging differs for memory of object identity and object position within a spatial context

There has been considerable focus on investigating age-related memory changes in cognitively healthy older adults, in the absence of neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have reported age-related domain-specific changes in older adults, showing increased difficulty encoding and processing object information but minimal to no impairment in processing spatial information compared with younger adults. However, few of these studies have examined age-related changes in the encoding of concurrently presented object and spatial stimuli, specifically the integration of both spatial and nonspatial (object) information. To more closely resemble real-life memory encoding and the integration of both spatial and nonspatial information, the current study developed a new experimental paradigm with novel environments that allowed for the placement of different objects in different positions within the environment. The results show that older adults have decreased performance in recognizing changes of the object position within the spatial context but no significant differences in recognizing changes in the identity of the object within the spatial context compared with younger adults. These findings suggest there may be potential age-related differences in the mechanisms underlying the representations of complex environments and furthermore, the integration of spatial and nonspatial information may be differentially processed relative to independent and isolated representations of object and spatial information.
Plume Stability During Direct Contact Condensation of Steam in a Crossflow of Subcooled Water, at High Mass Flux and With a Small Nozzle Diameter

The stability of a steam plume during direct-contact condensation is investigated into a crossflow of subcooled water with mass fluxes that are higher (>600 kg/m2s) and a nozzle diameter (2.4 mm) that is smaller than typically seen in the literature. The transition from a stable steam plume to an unstable plume associated with the formation and collapse of steam bubbles is characterized by high-speed imaging and high-frequency pressure measurements. Four regimes are observed: stable, condensation oscillation, transition, and unstable. A regime map and spectral signatures of the different flow regimes are provided. Results are compared with correlations from the literature, which are typically derived for lower mass fluxes, larger nozzles, and injection into stagnant pools of water.
ppIacerDC: a new scalable phylogenetic placement method

Motivation: Phylogenetic placement (i.e., the insertion of a sequence into a phylogenetic tree) is a basic step in several bioinformatics pipelines, including taxon identification in metagenomic analysis and large scale phylogeny estimation. The most accurate current method is pplacer, which attempts to optimize the placement using maximum likelihood, but it frequently fails on datasets where the phylogenetic tree has 5000 leaves. APPLES is the current most scalable method, and EPA-ng, although more scalable than pplacer and more accurate than APPLES, also fails on many 50,000-taxon trees. Here we describe pplacerDC, a divide-and-conquer approach that enables pplacer to be used when the phylogenetic tree is very large. Results: Our study shows that pplacerDC has excellent accuracy and scalability, matching pplacer where pplacer can run, improving accuracy compared to APPLES and EPA-ng, and is able to run on datasets with up to 100,000 sequences. Availability: The pplacerDC code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/kodingkoning/pplacerDC.
Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving systemic anticancer therapy

245Background: Patients with cancer who have been treated with systemic anticancer therapy are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 and have been considered a high-priority gr...
Muscle activation during three sets to failure at 80 vs. 30 % 1RM resistance exercise

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP), EMG mean power frequency (MPF), exercise volume (VOL), total work and muscle activation (iEMG), and time under concentric load (TUCL) during, and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) before and after 3 sets to failure at 80 vs. 30 % 1RM resistance exercise.
(S)-Methyl 2-{(S)-2-[bis-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)methyl-idene-amino]-3-hy-droxy-propanamido}-3-methyl-butano-ate.

The title compound, C24H30N2O6, a Schiff base, adopts an extended conformation in which the meth­oxy groups are essentially coplanar with the aromatic ring to which they are bonded (mean planes fitted through the non-H atoms of each methoxyphenyl group have r.m.s. deviations of 0.078 and 0.044 A) and the angle between mean planes fitted through the aromatic rings is 87.57 (10)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond keeps the imine and amide groups essentially coplanar. A mean plane fitted through these groups has an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0545 A. Additional O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding parallel with the a axis links the mol­ecules into a hydrogen-bonded chain in the crystal. C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions are found within the crystal packing. The compound has been assigned the S,S configuration on the basis of the chemical synthesis, which used pure homotopic l-amino acids, and we have no reason to believe that the compound has epimerized.
Muffin-tin potentials in EXAFS analysis

Muffin-tin potentials are the standard tool for calculating the potential surface of a cluster of atoms for use in the analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) data. The set of Cartesian coordinates used to define the positions of atoms in the cluster and to calculate the muffin-tin potentials is commonly also used to enumerate the scattering paths used in the EXAFS data analysis. In this paper, it is shown that these muffin-tin potentials are sufficiently robust to be used to examine quantitatively contributions to the EXAFS data from scattering geometries not represented in the original cluster.
Pathways to change: brief therapy with difficult adolescents.

2005 (Second Edition), Guilford Press, 75 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012, USA Paperback, ISBN 978-1-59385-979-4 Hardback, ISBN 978-1-57230-959-3 ZAR 570 (hardback)
A fast clustering algorithm for video abstraction

This paper introduces a useful property of the singular value decomposition (SVD) and uses it to quickly summarize a video sequence based on the visual similarities of its frames. In our method, a video is expressed as the representative frames extracted by a simple key-frame extraction algorithm applied in a sequential manner. Then those key-frames are put together with little redundancy using a clustering algorithm for video abstraction. In order to evaluate the proposed scheme, the speed of the commonly used k-means algorithm for clustering is compared with that of the proposed method that combines both the SVD and the k-means algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm is fast and effectively summarizes the content of a video with little redundancy.
Mechanics and Actuation for Flapping‐Wing Robotic Insects

Techniques for modeling, design, fabrication, and analysis of the mechanics and actuation for a flapping-wing robotic insect are presented. Passive dynamics can be exploited to efficiently generate wing motions that closely resemble those of hovering insects. These microrobotic structures are enabled by high-performance piezoelectric actuators and a novel method to produce layered composite flexure-based articulated mechanisms. By careful design and fabrication, this Chapter concludes by demonstrating an insect-inspired thoracic design that can asymmetrically modulate wing motions in order to generate controlled body torques. Keywords: flapping-wing micro air vehicles; microrobots; robotic insects
Digital simulation of the square scheme in cyclic voltammetry: A comparison of methods

Abstract The recently proposed fast quasi-explicit finite difference (FQEFD) method was used to simulate the cyclic voltammetric behavior of the square scheme, A+e − ⇌ B , B ⇌ C, C ⇌ D+e − , D ⇌ A, coupled with the homogeneous cross reaction A + C ⇌ B + D. The accuracy of the FQEFD method is confirmed by comparisons with: (1) Finite difference (EFD) simulations (in the narrowly defined kinetic regimes where the EFD method is computationally practical); (2) the heterogeneous equivalent method operating in conjunction with the EFD algorithm (EFDHE) (very efficient, but valid in a limited kinetic regime); (3) known analytic or quasi-analytic solutions. The FQEFD method is shown to produce accurate results over virtually all kinetic domains of interest without the prohibitive increases in computing time associated with EFD methods and without the programming complexities associated with implicit methods. The effect of the cross reaction has also been investigated. For illustrative purposes and to further test the methods, simulations were fit to experimental data for three electrode reactions that follow the square scheme.
Efficient techniques for comprehensive protection from memory error exploits

Despite the wide publicity received by buffer overflow attacks, the vast majority of today's security vulnerabilities continue to be caused by memory errors, with a significant shift away from stack-smashing exploits to newer attacks such as heap overflows, integer overflows, and format-string attacks. While comprehensive solutions have been developed to handle memory errors, these solutions suffer from one or more of the following problems: high overheads (often exceeding 100%), incompatibility with legacy C code, and changes to the memory model to use garbage collection. Address space randomization (ASR) is a technique that avoids these drawbacks, but existing techniques for ASR do not offer a level of protection comparable to the above techniques. In particular, attacks that exploit relative distances between memory objects aren't tackled by existing techniques. Moreover, these techniques are susceptible to information leakage and brute-force attacks. To overcome these limitations, we develop a new approach in this paper that supports comprehensive randomization, whereby the absolute locations of all (code and data) objects, as well as their relative distances are randomized. We argue that this approach provides probabilistic protection against all memory error exploits, whether they be known or novel. Our approach is implemented as a fully automatic source-to-source transformation which is compatible with legacy C code. The address-space randomizations take place at load-time or runtime, so the same copy of the binaries can be distributed to everyone - this ensures compatibility with today's software distribution model. Experimental results demonstrate an average runtime overhead of about 11%.