cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Adsorption of 2-Ketogluconate by Goethite

Low-molecular-mass organic acids play an important role in many soil processes, including mineral dissolution and nutrient mobilization and uptake. One such organic acid is 2-ketogluconate (kG). This study examined the adsorption of kG by goethite, as influenced by temperature, pH, and ionic environment. Adsorption edge studies showed that kG adsorption was a function of pH but independent of ionic strength. Ketogluconate adsorption also resulted in a negative shift in the surface charge characteristics of goethite. The inclusion of PO 4 and AsO 4 decreased kG adsorption throughout the pH 4 to 10 range; however, SO 4 only decreased kG retention in the pH <6 range. The basic Stern surface complexation model that considered the monodentate ≡FeOkG 0.5 -(s) and the bidentate ≡Fe 2 O 2 H -1 kG - (s) surface species was used to successfully describe the experimental adsorption data. In general, the kG adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The adsorption of kG increased with increasing temperature and generally with increasing ionic strength at low values of surface coverage (the adsorption maxima were not affected by ionic strength). Adsorption was endothermic and entropically driven, and the computed enthalpy values were similar to those reported for other specifically adsorbed ligands, ranging from 22.32 to 53.70 kJ mol -1 . The characteristic energy of adsorption computed from the D-R isotherm model ranged from 12.84 to 18.33 kJ mol -1 , indicating chemical adsorption. Results from this study are consistent with those of previous research, indicating that kG is retained by the goethite surface via inner sphere mechanisms and that kG may play an important role in soil chemical processes.
Can an OB nurse assist in a disaster? Reflections on the Haiti earthquake of 2010.

A firsthand account of relief efforts in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake, as well as tips for nurses and other health care professionals on how to prepare for relief work in underdeveloped countries.
Erythema multiforme exudativum; Stevens-Johnson syndrome; cardiovascular and central nervous system involvement.

Summary 1. Five cases that fulfill the criteria of severe erythema multiforme are reported. 2. Brief consideration is given to the variability of the picture and thepossibility of the syndrome being a clinical entity. 3. Cardiovascular involvement as well as signs of central nervous system disturbance were present in severe cases. Literature on these phases is reviewed.
Role of antigen-specific regulatory CD4 + CD25 + T cells in tolerance induction after neonatal IP administration of AAV-hF.IX

Neonatal AAV8-mediated Factor IX (F.IX) gene delivery was applied as a model for exploring mechanisms of tolerance induction during immune ontogeny. Intraperitoneal delivery of AAV8/ Factor IX (hF.IX) during weeks 1–4 of life, over a 20-fold dose range, directed stable hF.IX expression, correction of coagulopathy in F.IX-null hemophilia B mice, and induction of tolerance to hF.IX; however, only primary injection at 1–2 days of life enabled increasing AAV8-mediated hF.IX expression after re-administration, due to the absence of anti-viral capsid antibodies. Adoptive splenocyte transfer from tolerized mice demonstrated induction of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) populations that specifically suppressed anti-hF.IX antibody responses, but not responses to third party antigen. Induction of hF.IX antibodies was only observed in tolerized mice after in vivo CD4+CD25+ cell depletion and hF.IX challenge. Thus, primary injection of AAV during a critical period in the first week of life does not elicit antiviral responses, enabling re-administration of AAV and augmentation of hF.IX levels. Expansion of hF.IX-specific CD4+CD25+ Tregs has a major role in tolerance induction early in immune ontogeny. Neonatal gene transfer provides a useful approach for defining the ontogeny of immune responses and may suggest approaches for inducing tolerance in the context of genetic therapies.
Efficacy of Brahman breeding in the management of insecticide-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on beef cattle.

The efficacy of Brahman breeding used as an alternative tactic to manage insecticide-resistant populations of adult horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), was determined. Concentration-mortality bioassays done at Booneville and Hope, AR, in 1988 and 1989, respectively, showed that horn fly populations were resistant to diazinon, pirimiphos methyl, tetrachlorvinphos, and methoxychlor. Data showed loss of field efficacy for coumaphos and delnav. Mean horn fly counts on Brahman cows were significantly lower than on Angus cows for all sampling dates in 1989 and 1990. Mean fly counts on Brahman × Angus cows were approximately intermediate to the two purebred mean fly counts. Brahman Breeding caused significant reductions in the number of organophosphate-resistant horn flies, which had been equal to or greater than that obtained from continued spraying with organophosphate insecticides. The Brahman × Hereford cows, which have one-eighth greater Brahman breeding than the Brangus cows, had fewer horn flies on 48 of 56 sampling dates in 1988-1990 and significantly fewer flies on 37 sampling dates. The effectiveness of Brahman breeding in causing lower numbers of insecticide-resistant horn flies significantly increased as the percentage of Brahman breeding increased.
On the use of yttrium and sodium anodes in photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract Low-cost anodes of the active metals yttrium and sodium were constructed and used under modest vacuum conditions. The yttrium Mζ line (132.3 eV) was used to determine np/ns cross-section ratios in the valence shells of three rare gases. The NaKα1 2 line and its satellites were characterized with a neon converter. It yielded a linewidth of 0.58(1) eV on the neon 1s line, from which an upper limit of 0.42 eV was set for the NaKα1 2 X-ray linewidth. On several “test cases” the NaKα 1 2 X-ray fell between other characteristic X-rays (e.g., MgKα 1 2) and monochromatized sources in its ability to resolve fine structure. The methane C 1s peak was asymmetric and the correct vibrational spacing was obtained by fitting with three components of the correct intensity ratios. Similarly, relative chemical shifts of the unsubstituted carbons in m-difluorobenzene were determined almost completely by fitting the asymmetric peak. In the PF5 (F 1s) and O2 (O 1s) cases some new information was obtained.
Knowledge of Medication Use among Black Elderly

A sample of 621 Black elderly who consumed at least one prescription (Rx) drug was examined to assess the prevalence and correlates of mis/nonidentification of the therapeutic purpose of the Rx drugs that they used. More than 31.9% of the sample either could not identify or misidentified the therapeutic purpose of at least one of their Rx drugs. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to detect the significant predictors of their mis/nonidentification of Rx drugs. According to the data, Black elderly males who were older, who consumed a greater number of Rx drugs, who reported a lower level of perceived availability and accessibility of physician services, and who demonstrated a higher level of cognitive deficit were more likely to mis/nonidentify the therapeutic purpose of Rx drug(s) that they were consuming. Implications of these findings are discussed.
A new colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of steroids containing the 17alpha-ketol side chain.

A color reaction has been described between a modified Nessler’s reagent and a number of steroids containing the α-ketol side chain at C-17. The sensitivity of the reaction permits the ready quantitative colorimetric determination of a reactive steroid in amounts ranging from 10 to 90 μg./5 ml. solution. Nonreactive steroids did not interfere with color developed in the reaction of the reagent with a 17-ketol side chain-containing steroid. Application of the method to urine, and to the recovery of steroid from urine, is described.
Eustatic and Structural Control of Submarine-Fan Sedimentation, Conception Fan, Santa Barbara Basin, California: ABSTRACT

Eustatic sea level lows provide an opportunity for submarine-fan development; topography and structure, however, can control depositional-sequence geometry. Analysis of high-resolution seismic data provides a basis to evaluate the evolution and geometry of the Pleistocene-Holocene Conception fan. The fan formed in the restricted, tectonically active Santa Barbara basin. It consists of 4 vertically stacked depositional sequences, each bounded by nondepositional unconformities. The unconformities are defined by seismic-sequence boundaries and were formed during sea-level falls that are related to Pleistocene glacio-eustatic changes. Each depositional sequence consists of lowstand, sand-rich facies (fan channel, levee, and lobe) topped by highstand, mud-rich facies. The geom try of the depositional sequences tends to be rectilinear, not arcuate, because lateral progradation is restricted by topographically high structures. The modern fan surface and the Holocene depositional sequence provide a good analog for the older, underlying depositional sequences. The fan surface is characterized by 4 main channels, 2 of which head into submarine canyons incised into the shelf. Submarine canyons that fed the other 2 channels are now filled and have no topographic expression. In addition, numerous partially buried channel segments occur in the interchannel areas. The Holocene depositional sequence consists of lenticular and sheet-drape deposits interpreted to be channel, levee, and lobe facies. The facies geometry suggests that Mutti's topographic compensation, channel migration, and avulsion were typical processes on Conception fan. End_of_Article - Last_Page 534------------
Gamma model and its analysis for phase measuring profilometry

Phase measuring profilometry is a method of structured light illumination whose three-dimensional reconstructions are susceptible to error from nonunitary gamma in the associated optical devices. While the effects of this distortion diminish with an increasing number of employed phase-shifted patterns, gamma distortion may be unavoidable in real-time systems where the number of projected patterns is limited by the presence of target motion. A mathematical model is developed for predicting the effects of nonunitary gamma on phase measuring profilometry, while also introducing an accurate gamma calibration method and two strategies for minimizing gamma's effect on phase determination. These phase correction strategies include phase corrections with and without gamma calibration. With the reduction in noise, for three-step phase measuring profilometry, analysis of the root mean squared error of the corrected phase will show a 60x reduction in phase error when the proposed gamma calibration is performed versus 33x reduction without calibration.
Contribution of intermuscular fat to lipogenesis from dietary glucose carbon in mice

We assessed the contribution of various tissues to the synthesis of fat from glucose carbon in mice during rapid lipogenic activation induced by a glucose test meal. Nibbling and gorging mice were maintained on a 58% glucose, fat-free diet. The mice were fasted 22 h and refed 5-10 muCi [U-14C]glucose (120 mg/20 g body weight) either by gastric intubation or as a test meal (58% glucose diet). The muscular carcass in both nibblers an gorgers contained more than 75% of the total radioactivity in the fatty acids derived from glucose; liver and epididymal fat pad accounted for only a small percentage. Mort than half the carcass activity was in the "muscular" tissue as neutral lipid acids. We could isolate a discrete fat body in the popliteal region of the leg muscle ("muscle fat", "intermuscular fat"). The popliteal fat converted glucose carbon to fatty acids an order of magnitude faster, per unit weight, than the epididymal fat pad or skeletal muscle. The fatty acid moiety of the triacylglycerols had the major portion of the label in the popliteal fat 2 and 6 h after ingestion of the glucose test meals. The diacylglycerol pool was active at 2 h and its activity faded at 6 h implicating its intermediary role in lipid metabolism similar to published findings in epididymal fat pad. These results indicate that fat cells associated with the muscular carcass may play a major role in the de novo synthesis of fat from dietary carbohydrate in mice.
Ultrasound beam orientation during standard two-dimensional imaging: assessment by three-dimensional echocardiography.

Standard two-dimensional echocardiographic image planes are defined by anatomic landmarks and assumptions regarding their orientation when these landmarks are visualized. However, variations of anatomy and technique may invalidate these assumptions and thus limit reproducibility and accuracy of cardiac dimensions recorded from these views. To overcome this problem, we have developed a three-dimensional echocardiograph consisting of a real-time scanner, three-dimensional spatial locater, and personal computer. This system displays the line of intersection of a real-time image and an orthogonal reference image and may be used to assess actual image orientation during standardized two-dimensional imaging when the line-of-intersection display is not observed by the operator. Three hundred forty standard images were assessed from 85 examinations by 11 echocardiographers. Twenty-four percent of the unguided standard images were optimally positioned within ± 5 mm and ± 15 degrees of the standard. Of the optimal images, two thirds were parasternal long-axis views. A subsequent study with three-dimensional echocardiography and line-of-intersection guidance of image positioning showed 80% of the guided images to be optimally positioned, a threefold improvement ( p
Generation of spline approximations to parametric tessellations

In geometrical modeling, one is often provided a description of a surface that is defined in terms of a triangulation, which is supported by a discrete number of nodes in space. These faceted surface representations are defined to be C-0 continuous, and therefore in general have slope and curvature discontinuities at the triangle sides, unless the tessellation is planar. Unfortunately, analytical and computational methods often require a surface description that has well-defined and smoothly varying gradients and curvatures; in general spline surfaces possess such properties. Described herein is a process for generating a cubic spline surface that approximates, to within a user-specified tolerance, a given tessellated surface that may be non-convex or multiply connected. The method combines a local least-squares technique for specifying knot properties as well as an adaptation technique for selecting the necessary knot spacings. This new technique is first described along a curve for illustrative purposes. It is then expanded to the case of the general surface. A reparameterization technique that is required for surfaces with non-smooth parameterizations is described next. Computed results for two configurations are then shown.
The effects of educational level on correctional officer job satisfaction

Abstract This study examined the effects of educational level on correctional officer job satisfaction. The Cornell Job Descriptive Index was used to measure satisfaction with type of work, pay, promotional opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. Age, sex, race, work setting, length of service, and rank were used as control variables in the analysis of the data. A questionnaire survey of correctional officers was conducted at two federal prisons. The response rate was 97 percent (N = 154). Data were analyzed both nonparametrically (Kruskal-Wallis, Kendall's tau) and parametrically (analysis of variance, dummy-variable multiple regression). Prior research has indicated that education raises a person's aspirations and expectations. These aspirations and expectations may not be fulfilled if a college-educated person finds himself or herself working in a blue-collar occupation. In the present study, it was hypothesized that correctional officers with higher levels of education would report lower job satisfaction. This hypothesis was not confirmed.
Smartphone docking stations and strongly converged VoIP clients for fixed-mobile convergence

Smartphone docking stations and strongly converged VoIP /Telephony clients are proposed and demonstrated as a new and practical model for fixed-mobile voice and video convergence.
Language universals and linguistic argumentation: a reply to Coopmans

In the scientific community, reviews have a sacrosanct status, and it is therefore with some trepidation that I requested permission to reply to Coopmans' review article of Comrie (I98I; hereafter LULT). I have tried to ensure that in my reply I do not simply defend myself against the general and specific criticisms of LULTmade by Coopmans, but rather that I address the general issues raised by Coopmans in the spirit of an ongoing debate about the relation between data from individual languages, analyses of individual languages, formal theories of language, and language universals. Just as Coopmans (I 983) is a review article rather than just a review, this is a ' reply article' rather than just a reply. In the space at my disposal, I am not able to reply to all the criticisms made by Coopmans, and I have therefore selected, first, those general points that seem most indicative of the differences between my approach and Coopmans' (as a representative of current generative grammar) and, secondly, those analyses discussed by Coopmans that seem particularly illustrative of differences in methodology. The fact that I do not reply to a specific criticism in Coopmans (I983) should not be taken as an indication that I accept the validity of that criticism. The manuscript of LULT was delivered to the publisher at the beginning of I98 I, and therefore did not take into account work in generative grammar published after that date, in particular Chomsky (I98I), a major work which clearly establishes a new period in the development of generative grammar. In LULT I claimed that one of the major differences between my approach to language universals and that of generative syntax is that I believe it necessary to consider data from a wide range of languages (5-12), whereas generative grammar typically considers only data from English or English plus a narrow range of other languages. Chomsky (i98 i) makes clear that generative grammarians have come to realize that an adequate study of syntax within universal grammar requires the study of languages of different types (in the current terminology: with different parameter values); I am delighted that this difference between the generative approach and my own approach
Observer Variation in the Angiocardiographic Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the angiocardiographic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse by measuring agreement between observers using defined diagnostic criteria. Sixty high-quality left ventriculograms, selected to include many that showed possible mitral valve prolapse, were reviewed by three angiocardiographers. Disagreement between observers as to positivity occurred in 26 percent and 30 percent of the cases on two reviews, and disagreement as to specific scallop involvement occurred in 68 percent and 78 percent of the cases. A specific observer agreed with himself in interpretation of positive 78 to 82 percent of the time and in the interpretation of specific scallop involvement 55 to 90 percent of the time. These results indicate that in the absence of generally agreed upon quantitative angiocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse, there is considerable variability among observers in the interpretation of mitral valve prolapse by angiocardiographic studies.
Three-source boundary interpolation image coder

Two-source decomposition image coders consist of coding algorithms in which a boundary-based interpolation is subtracted from each block of the image to obtain a residual signal that is encoded and transmitted. These coders effectively reduce the objectionable blocking distortion that often accompanies block-by-block coding strategies and, for this reason, are becoming an attractive alternative to traditional transform coders in low bit-rate applications. The authors enhance the appeal of this approach by introducing a three-source decomposition scheme that increases the fidelity of the boundary response or, equivalently, decreases the informational content of the residual. This decomposition permits the development of an interpolative coder capable of producing perceptually good quality images at low bit rates without the disturbing blocking effect. >
Requirements Engineering in the Development of Large-Scale Systems

Requirements engineering is arguably the most important activity in the development of complex, software-intensive systems. Generally, the higher the complexity of the system under development, the more exacerbated the importance of good requirements engineering becomes. While numerous researchers in academia have focused on requirements engineering, there is still a need for practical guidelines that scale to real-world applications. This paper presents requirements engineering challenges faced and lessons learned addressing these challenges in a large-scale industrial project. The implementation of these lessons greatly contributed to the success of the project.
The L2 Minor Capsid Protein of Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Interacts with Host Nuclear Import Receptors and Viral DNA

Analysis of the interactions of low-risk human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV11) L2 with karyopherin β (Kap β) nuclear import receptors revealed that L2 interacted with Kap β 1 , Kap β 2 , and Kap β 3 and formed a complex with the Kap α 2 β 1 heterodimer. HPV11 L2 contains two nuclear localization signals (NLSs)—in the N terminus and the C terminus—that could mediate its nuclear import via a classical pathway. Each NLS was functional in vivo, and deletion of both of them abolished L2 nuclear localization. Both NLSs interacted with the viral DNA. Thus, HPV11 L2 can interact with several karyopherins and the viral DNA and may enter the nucleus via multiple pathways.
Structural and dynamic origins of intensity in holographic relaxation spectroscopy

Recent holographic relaxation spectroscopy (HRS) experiments can be explained in terms of multiple-laser-induced gratings. It is shown that diffraction may result either from intrinsic differences in the optical properties of ground and excited states or from differences in their transport properties. The effects of photoinduced changes in diffusion coefficients and electrophoretic mobilities are treated. It is suggested that photoinduced molecular dissociation can be studied by means of HRS without the necessity of photochromic labeling.
Reading Futility: Reflections on a Bioethical Concept

There was a remarkable outpouring of publications related to the concept of medical futility between 1988 and 1995, and there has been a substantial drop-off since then (Figure 1). A wide variety of definitions of the concept were offered from many corners of the medical profession, from medical social sciences, as well as from judges in several state and federal courts. Attention was drawn to the conflicts over when it is appropriate to declare further treatment futile, who has the authority to make such determinations, and what evidence is required.
Possible Potentiation of Warfarin by Fluconazole

Fluconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, interacts with a number of drugs. Only one study to date has examined the potentiation of warfarin's anticoagulant effect by fluconazole. To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of this interaction in the clinical setting. The patient had received a stable dosage regimen of warfarin for a number of months. Fluconazole 100 mg bid was added for a candidal wound infection. The prothrombin time increased from 19 to 65 seconds eight days later and the patient experienced a gastrointestinal bleeding episode. Fresh-frozen plasma was administered and warfarin was discontinued while the patient completed a planned 21-day course of fluconazole. The patient eventually resumed the original warfarin dosage with stable coagulation parameters. Until the influence of fluconazole on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin is studied in further detail, careful monitoring of coagulation parameters is recommended for all patients receiving the combination.
Characterization of a preclinical model of simultaneous breast and ovarian cancer progression

Women at increased risk for breast cancer are often also at increased risk for ovarian cancer, reflecting common risk factors and intertwined etiologies for both diseases. Unlike breast cancer prevention, primary ovarian cancer prevention has been impractical due to the low incidence, lack of risk and response biomarkers and difficulties in sampling ovarian tissue. Challenges in the development of ovarian cancer prevention drugs, however, may be circumvented through the development of breast cancer prevention strategies that simultaneously decrease ovarian cancer. In the present study, three commonly used mammary cancer carcinogen models [7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and estradiol (E2)] were combined with local ovarian DMBA administration to induce progression to mammary and ovarian cancer concurrently in the rat. Animals were treated for 3 or 6 months, and tissue histology as well as proliferation, hormonal and inflammation biomarkers were assessed. Mammary and ovarian morphologies (measured as descriptive histology and dysplasia scores) were normal in vehicle controls. Mammary hyperplasia was observed in DMBA/DMBA (mammary carcinogen/ovarian carcinogen) and MNU/DMBA-treated rats; however, ovarian preneoplastic changes were seldom observed after these treatments. All E2/DMBA-treated rats had mammary hyperplasia, atypia, ductal carcinoma in situ and/or invasive adenocarcinoma, while 50% also developed preneoplastic changes in the ovary (ovarian epithelial and stromal hyperplasia and inclusion cyst formation). In both the mammary gland and ovary, decreased estrogen receptor alpha expression was detected, and in the mammary gland elevated Ki-67 and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions were observed. This combined breast and ovarian cancer rat model (systemic E2 treatment and local ovarian DMBA) may be useful for future dual target breast and ovarian cancer prevention studies.
Deletion of leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons results in hyperphagia and obesity.

The vagal afferent pathway senses hormones released from the gut in response to nutritional cues and relays these signals to the brain. We tested the hypothesis that leptin resistance in vagal afferent neurons (VAN) is responsible for the onset of hyperphagia by developing a novel conditional knockout mouse to delete leptin receptor selectively in sensory neurons (Nav1.8/LepR fl/fl mice). Chow fed Nav1.8/LepR fl/fl mice weighed significantly more and had increased adiposity compared with wildtype mice. Cumulative food intake, meal size, and meal duration in the dark phase were increased in Nav1.8/LepR fl/fl mice; energy expenditure was unaltered. Reduced satiation in Nav1.8/LepR fl/fl mice is in part due to reduced sensitivity of VAN to CCK and the subsequent loss of VAN plasticity. Crucially Nav1.8/LepR l/fl mice did not gain further weight in response to a high fat diet. We conclude that disruption of leptin signaling in VAN is sufficient and necessary to promote hyperphagia and obesity.
Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (pkr) is essential for thermotolerance, accumulation of HSP70, and stabilization of ARE-containing HSP70 mRNA during stress

We have investigated the role of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase gene (pkr) in the regulation of the heat shock response. We show that the pkr gene is essential for efficient activation of the heat shock response and that pkr disruption profoundly inhibits heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) synthesis and blocks the development of thermotolerance. Despite these profound effects, pkr disruption did not markedly affect the activation of heat shock factor 1 by heat and did not reduce the rate of transcription of the HSP70 gene after heat shock. However, despite the lack of effect of pkr disruption on HSP70 gene transcription, we found a significant decrease in the expression of HSP70 mRNA in pkr-/- cells after heat shock. Kinetic studies of mRNA turnover suggested a block in the thermal stabilization of HSP70 mRNA in pkr-/- cells. As the thermal stabilization of HSP70 mRNA is thought to involve cis-acting A+U rich (ARE) elements in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), we examined a potential role for pkr in this process. We found that a reporter beta-galactosidase mRNA destabilized by introduction of a functional ARE into the 3'-UTR became stabilized by heat but only in cells containing an intact pkr gene. Our studies suggest therefore that pkr plays a significant role in the stabilization of mRNA species containing ARE destruction sequences in the 3'-UTR and through this mechanism, contributes to the regulation of the heat shock response and other processes.
Size reduction in four-block H ∞ formulation

In this paper, some progress related to the size reduction of the H∞ optimal controller will be presented. To reduce the order of the H∞ optimal controller, the sizes of the state-space realizations of the rational matrices R11(s), R12(s), R21(s), and R22(s) in the four-block H∞ optimization problem formulation are required to be small. The recently discovered properties on the solution of the algebraic Riccati equation by Postlethwaite et. al. and the pole-zero cancellation technique by Doyle and Chu will be used to construct the minimal realizations of RL1(S), RL2(S), RR1(S), and RR2(S). From these realizations, the rational matrices R11(s), R12(s), R21(s), and R22(s) can be easily obtained. Only orthogonal transformations are involved in the computation, so the algorithm is numerically reliable.
Modification of trace element concentrations in natural waters by various field sampling techniques

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of sample collection and preservation methods. Four different methods of sample collection and preservation are evaluated to determine effects on twenty-three different samples for eighteen dissolved inorganic species. Cleanliness and filtering apparatus had far more effect on the results than did the method of collection. The method recommended is for sample collection with minimum processing in the field, and expeditious return to the laboratory for filtering and acidification. 2 tables.
Breaking Up is (Relatively) Easy to Do: A Script for the Dissolution of Close Relationships

Several models of relationship dissolution imply a sequence of steps or stages, for which there might exist a cultural script. Previous research has identified a script for first dates. The present research attempted to identify a relationship dissolution script by asking men and women to list the steps that typically occur when a couple breaks up. Analysis of their 1480 responses indicated a 16-step ordered script for relation-ship dissolution. The relationship dissolution script is discussed in terms of approach-avoidance theories of conflict and relevant relationship dissolution theories.
Robert Arthur Bruce, MD: 1916–2004

Robert Arthur Bruce, the “father of exercise cardiology,” died in Seattle on February 12, 2004, at the age of 87 years. Born in Somerville, Mass, he received his Bachelor of Science degree from Boston College and graduated from the University of Rochester School of Medicine in 1943. He completed his internship and medical residency at the University of Rochester Strong Memorial Hospital. After service as Chief Resident in Medicine, he joined the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Rochester in 1946. In 1950, Dr Robert H. Williams, the founding Chief of Medicine at the new University of Washington School of Medicine, selected Dr Bruce to be the first Chief of Cardiology. He directed the division until 1971 and codirected with Dr Harold T. Dodge for an additional 10 years. He became Professor Emeritus in 1987 but continued to be actively interested in the division for the remainder of his life. As a young cardiologist at the University of Rochester, Dr Bruce recognized that exercise stress testing could play an important role in the evaluation of cardiac patients. The cumbersome Master’s Two-Step test, in common use at that time, was clearly inadequate to assess respiratory and circulatory function during varying degrees of sustained exertion. He and his early coworker, Dr Paul Yu, who had recently arrived from …
Intra-Arterial Delivery Is Not Superior to Intravenous Delivery of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose—Bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) are an investigational autologous cell-based therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Both intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) administration routes have been used in clinical trials. However, the route of administration to optimize the effect of MNCs is unknown. In this study, we compared the effect of IV versus IA route of administration of MNCs in the rat stroke model. Methods—Long Evans rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. At 24 hours after stroke, animals were randomly assigned to receive autologous bone marrow–derived MNCs using either the IV or IA delivery route. IV saline served as control. One million cells/kg (low dose) and 30 million cells/kg (high dose) were assessed. Neurological testing, cavity size, serum cytokines, neuroregenerative end points, and MNC biodistribution were evaluated. Results—High-dose MNCs improved functional recovery, reduced lesion size and proinflammatory cytokines, and incr...
How to prevent, recognize, and manage complications of lead extraction. Part I: Avoiding lead extraction—Infectious issues

M p a ntroduction s the number of implanted devices continues to grow, so oes the need for extraction of chronic endocardial leads. xtraction carries with it considerable risk of morbidity and ortality (both intraprocedure and postprocedure), even in xperienced hands. Although the evolution of technology irected at this approach has facilitated the successful reoval of leads, no evidence indicates that this technology as lessened the incidence or nature of adverse events. Risks ssociated with lead extraction include vascular and cardiac erforation, tricuspid valve injury, various arrhythmias, sepis, pulmonary embolism, bleeding, stroke, and myocardial nfarction. Among various published studies of extractions, rocedural death related to device extraction has been rearkably consistent at 0.4% to 0.8%. Given the inherent risks, some operators hold the impresion that greater freedom from medicolegal entanglements ight be extended to extraction procedures. However, it has een our observation that litigation over complications of ead extraction is becoming increasingly common, and that he procedure should not be undertaken lightly. Lead exraction should not be performed without an experienced perator, a full set of tools, and plans in place to deal with omplications. The purpose of this review is to examine how the risks of ead extraction and their sequelae might be reduced. Beause the preferred method of approaching this problem is reventing the need for the procedure, we begin our discusion with the infectious indications for extraction and the teps that might be taken to reduce their incidence. Other arts of the review will discuss other indications for extracion and how to prevent and manage complications from ead extraction when they do occur.
Seeing is believing: Objectively evaluating the impact of facial reanimation surgery on social perception

Objectives/Hypothesis Objectively measure the ability of facial reanimation surgery to normalize the appearance of facial paralysis using eye-tracking technology. Study Design Prospective randomized controlled experiment. Methods An eye-tracker system was used to record the eye-movement patterns, called scanpaths, of 86 naive observers gazing at pictures of paralyzed faces (House-Brackmann IV–VI), smiling and in repose; before and after facial reanimation surgery; as well as normal, nonparalyzed faces. Observers gazed at each face for 10 seconds. Fixation durations for all predefined facial areas of interest were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression. Results Observers spent the majority of time (6.6 of 10 seconds) gazing in the central triangle region (eyes, nose, and mouth) of normal faces and paralyzed faces. There were significant deviations in fixation within the central triangle of paralyzed faces as compared to normal faces. Total fixation on the eyes remained conserved. However, total nose fixation decreased and mouth fixation increased on paralyzed faces. Facial reanimation surgery normalized many of the hemifacial gaze asymmetries caused by unilateral facial paralysis, and restored a normal distribution of gaze between the functional and paralyzed sides of the face and mouth. Conclusion There were objective differences in the way observers directed their attention to facial features when viewing normal and paralyzed faces. After facial reanimation surgery, the attentional distraction caused by facial feature irregularities was reduced. These findings are important additions to the emerging body of objective evidence indicating the effectiveness of reanimation surgery; they also suggest opportunities to optimize reconstruction. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 124:2489–2497, 2014
Predicted calmodulin‐binding sequence in the γ subunit of phosphorylase b kinase

A basic, amphiphilic alpha helix is a structural feature common to a variety of inhibitors of calmodulin and to the calmodulin-binding domains of myosin light chain kinases. To aid in recognizing this structural feature in sequences of peptides and proteins we have developed a computer algorithm which searches for sequences of appropriate length, hydrophobicity, helical hydrophobic moment, and charge to be considered as potential calmodulin-binding sequences. Such sequences occurred infrequently in proteins of known crystal structure. This algorithm was used to find the most likely site in the catalytic (gamma) subunit of phosphorylase b kinase for interaction with calmodulin (the delta subunit). A peptide corresponding to this site (residues 341-361 of the gamma subunit) was synthesized and found to bind calmodulin with approximately an 11 nM dissociation constant. A variant of this peptide in which an aspartic acid at position 7 in its sequence (347 of the gamma subunit) was replaced with an asparagine was found to bind calmodulin with approximately a 3 nM dissociation constant.
Learning Parameters for Relational Probabilistic Models with Noisy-Or Combining Rule

Languages that combine predicate logic with probabilities are needed to succinctly represent knowledge in many real-world domains. We consider a formalism based on universally quantified conditional influence statements that capture local interactions between object attributes. The effects of different conditional influence statements can be combined using rules such as {\sf Noisy-OR}. To combine multiple instantiations of the same rule we need other combining rules at a lower level. In this paper we derive and implement algorithms based on gradient-descent and EM for learning the parameters of these multi-level combining rules. We compare our approaches to learning in Markov Logic Networks and show superior performance in multiple domains.
Chemosignals and activity of wild stock house mice, with a note on the use of running wheels to assess activity in rodents.

Abstract Two control tests and an experimental test were used to explore the effects of urinary chemosignals on activity in house mice (Mus domesticus). Control tests revealed that 1. (a) house mice of both sexes and different ages cling to the wheel for significant and variable proportions of their revolutions and thus correction factors must be employed to obtain useable results, and 2. (b) there is no social facilitation or inhibition of wheel running when mice are permitted to run in wheels housed near one another in the same room as opposed to being in separate rooms. Using running wheels for measurement periods of up to a week, we tested whether any of eight urinary odours or water (control) influenced activity in male and female mice that were prepubertal, pubertal, or adult. 1. (1) Prepubertal females were more active when treated with adult male urine than when treated with prepubertal male urine or water. 2. (2) Females of all three ages were generally more active when treated with urine from pregnant or lactating females when compared with the control treatment. 3. (3) Prepubertal and pubertal males were more active when treated with urine from adult males than when treated with water. 4. (4) Pubertal and adult males exhibited heightened running wheel activity when exposed to cues from oestrous, dioestrous, grouped females or prepubertal females. 5. (5) Pubertal and adult females exhibited greater activity when exposed to urine from adult males. These findings can be interpreted with regard to the physiology and behavioural biology of the mice.
Job accommodations for fatigue in the workplace

When a disability interferes with the performance of an essential job function, a low-tech or high-tech accommodation may allow the worker to perform that function. Information on 141 cases that concerned fatigue was analyzed based on the Job Accommodation Network database. Industry, occupational category, career progression, causative factor, job function, and accommodation suggestion were the variables in these cases. In the primary analysis, 24 job functions (e.g. work at full production level, work at standing height) were related to 10 accommodation suggestions (e.g. flexible work schedule, purchase equipment). Results are discussed in terms of proactive versus reactive accommodations for fatigue in the workplace. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
Interprofessional Academic Health Center Leadership Development: The Case of the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Healthcare Leadership Academy

article i nfo Aim: The study describes the genesis of the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Healthcare Leadership Academy (HLA), highlights the HLA's outcomes, discloses how the HLA has changed, and delineates future directions for academic health center (AHC) interprofessional leadership training. Background: While interprofessional training is recognized as an important component of the professional education for health professionals, AHCs have not focused on interprofessional leadership training to prepare future AHC leaders. As professional bureaucracies, AHCs require leadership distributed across different professions; these leaders not only should be technical experts, but also skilled at interprofessional teamwork and collaborative governance. Methods: The HLA is examined using the case method, which is supplemented with a descriptive analysis of program evaluation data and outcomes. Results: The HLA has created a networked community of AHC leaders; the HLA's interprofessional team projects foster innovative problem solving. Conclusions: Interprofessional leadership training expands individuals' networks and has multiple organizational benefits.
Heme oxygenase-1-dependent central cardiorespiratory adaptations to chronic hypoxia in mice

Adaptations to chronic hypoxia (CH) could reflect cellular changes within the cardiorespiratory regions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the C1 region, and the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BotC). Previous studies have shown that the hypoxic chemosensitivity of these regions are heme oxygenase (HO) dependent and that CH induces HO-1. To determine the time course of HO-1 induction within these regions and explore its relevance to the respiratory and sympathetic responses during CH, the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the RVLM and measures of respiration, sigh frequency, and sympathetic activity (spectral analysis of heart rate) were examined during 10 days of CH. Respiratory and sympathetic responses to acute hypoxia were obtained in chronically instrumented awake wild-type (WT) and HO-1 null mice. After 4 days of CH, there was a significant induction of HO-1 within the C1 region and pre-BotC. WT mice acclimated to CH by increasing peak diaphragm EMG after 10 days of CH but had no change in the respiratory response to acute hypoxia. There were no significant differences between WT and HO-1 null mice. In WT mice, hypoxic sigh frequency and hypoxic sensitivity of sympathetic activity initially declined before returning toward baseline after 5 days of CH, correlating with the induction of HO-1. In contrast, HO-1 null mice had a persistent decline in hypoxic sigh frequency and hypoxic sensitivity of sympathetic activity. We conclude that induction of HO-1 in these RVLM cardiorespiratory regions may be important for the hypoxic sensitivity of sighs and sympathetic activity during CH.
The spectrum of LF/MF/HF radio noise at ground level during substorms

During the 1993–1994 Winter, simultaneous measurements were conducted in Alaska of the radio spectrum from 0.1 to 4.8 MHz and geomagnetic activity. Night-time geomagnetic disturbances, consisting of bays in the DC magnetic field and rapid variations recorded with the induction coil, were found to be correlated with prompt absorption features in the LF/MF/HF radio spectrum and with three types of natural emissions at LF/MF/HF frequencies. During February–March, 1994, 66 out of 73 magnetic signatures meeting certain criteria were associated with LF/MF/HF absorption events and 30 of the 73 were associated with natural emissions. The radio spectrum was sometimes observed to be sensitive to relatively weak magnetic activity.
Sertraline in the treatment of hiccups

Received August 13, 1999; revised December 3, 1999; accepted December 29, 1999. From the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, A4 Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Vaidya, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, A4 Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224. Copyright 2000 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Hiccups, or “singultus,” is a sudden contraction of the diaphragm terminated by abrupt contraction of the glottis that results in the characteristic “hic” sound. In persistent hiccups, the episodes last for more than 8 hours and may indicate a serious organic disturbance, which may be central or peripheral (Table 1). Although most hiccups are self-limiting, chronic or intractable hiccups can be debilitating and require pharmacologic or physical interventions. Examples of physical treatments may include initiating the Valsalva maneuver, irritation of the nasopharynx, or counterirritation of the vagus nerve. Pharmacological treatments have been used, including the following: baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue that acts by activating an inhibitory neurotransmitter and has sometimes been helpful in blocking the hiccup stimulus; chlorpromazine, a dimethylamine derivative of phenothiazine, acts centrally by dopamine blockade in the hypothalamus; and metclopramide may help reduce the intensity of the esophageal contractions. Other treatments include the use of valproic acid, which enhances GABA transmission centrally, resulting in the inhibition of the hiccup stimulus. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, is thought to reverse the abnormal depolarization in the hiccup reflex arc. To my best knowledge, there have been no reports on the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to treat intractable hiccups. Sertraline is an SSRI with proven efficacy as treatment for depression and anxiety disorders. This report describes the use of sertraline to successfully treat a patient with intractable hiccups.