cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle-dependent regulation of the cyclin B1 promoter

Cyclin B1 mRNA expression varies through the cell cycle with its peak in G2/M. In cycling mammalian cells, its lowest level is in G1 with a steady increase in S until a level 50-fold greater than that in G1 is reached. In order to characterize the transcriptional component to this variation in expression, we cloned the upstream region 872 base pairs upstream from the start site of the cyclin B1 gene and have demonstrated that it confers cell cycle-dependent regulation onto two reporter genes, both chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and luciferase. Its activity was 25-fold greater in G2/M than in G1 in HeLa cells with intermediate activity in S. This cyclical activity could be seen with sequences encompassing only 90 base pairs upstream from the start site. Protein binding to this region was demonstrated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and the binding profiles appeared to vary depending upon the phase of the cycle in which the extracts are made. Thus, transcriptional control plays an important role in determining cyclin B1 mRNA levels, and cell cycle-dependent activity is regulated through interactions with the region 90 bases upstream from the start site.
First steps in the emergence of verbal humor: A case study

Abstract While considerable research has been performed on the development of humor in older children, little is known about the origins of verbal humor in infancy. Data from a systematic diary study of early lexical development were used to provide a comprehensive account of one child's earliest manifestations of verbal humor from age 15 to 30 months. Symbolic play and conceptual mastery were found to be developmental precursors to the production of incongruity jokes. The emergence of each of three classes of jokes over time was directly related to conceptual complexity, with simple mislabelings occuring earliest, and word jokes occuring last. Incongruent label jokes tended to involve labels that were semantically related to the actual (correct) label. The role of playfulness cues in the interpretation of events as humorous and in the early emergence of humor was considered. The relation of these results to current models of humor development is discussed.
Experiences with Devine inlay graft urethroplasty.

Abstract The Devine patch graft was performed on 16 patients, with uniformly good results. Additional principles to aid in avoiding pitfalls are described.
Proposed molecular test of local hidden-variables theories

The inefficiency of detectors of low-energy photons permits a loophole in the experimental refutation of local hidden-variables theories by observations of polarization correlations. A specific local hidden-variables model of Clauser and Horne shows that a hypothetical selectivity of detectors can yield the counting rates predicted by quantum mechanics. We therefore derive a new Bell-type inequality, which takes detection inefficiency into account. The loophole can then be blocked by observing spin correlations of atom pairs in an electronic singlet state, if both spin analysis and detection are sufficiently efficient. We propose to create Na atom pairs in the electronic singlet state, by using the induced Raman effect to excite ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}$ molecules in the electronic ground state $X^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$ to the continuum of the electronic ground state. Two laser beams are to be used, one for excitation to a virtual intermediate state in $A^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$, one to induce the downward transition to the final state. The ensemble needed to test the new inequality consists of those pairs which enter the respective collimating apertures of two Stern-Gerlach analyzers.
Communication and social values in cross‐cultural adjustment

This article describes cross‐cultural adjustment as a communication process. It presents a brief critical review of the various ways that communication researchers have conceptualized the major variables and factors associated with the cultural reprogramming process, known as adjustment. The paper argues that, for better conceptualization and theory construction, more attention should be paid to such macroscopic motivating and contextual factors as the institutional environment, as well as to the variety of sojourning purposes. Suggestions made for reorienting cross‐cultural adjustment or adaptation research include: (a) placing more emphasis on macroscopic sociocultural factors, and (b) placing more emphasis on primary and secondary communication and socialization institutions (e.g., the mass media).
Effects of Expressing Human Hsp70 and Its Deletion Derivatives on Heat Killing and on RNA and Protein Synthesis

We have established rat cell lines stably and constitutively expressing intact human heat shock protein (hsp) 70 and its deletion mutant derivatives. Using these stable cell lines, the functions of the various domains of human hsp70 were studied. An elevated level of human hsp70 or fragments containing the C-terminal portion of the protein, but not fragments containing the amino-terminal portion of the protein, is found to protect cells against thermal killing. Only the expression of intact human hsp70, however, can reduce the degree of heat-induced inhibition of translation and most effectively accelerate the recovery from heat-induced inhibition of transcription and translation. The peptide-binding domain in the carboxyl portion of hsp70 is of primary importance in protecting cells from thermal stress, probably through its binding to unfolded or partially folded polypeptides; this interaction, in turn, retards detrimental thermal denaturation or aggregation of key cellular proteins and protects cells from thermal stress. ATP binding and hydrolysis, on the other hand, are presumably necessary in the refolding and reassembly of thermally damaged proteins through multiple cycles of interactions between hsp70 and its targets.
Thermal bending of shear-deformable orthotropic cylindrical shells reinforced by cylindrically-orthotropic rings

Abstract Bending of shear-deformable orthotropic cylindrical shells, reinforced by ring stiffeners, manufactured from a cylindrically-orthotropic material, in a steady-state thermal field, is considered. The difference between the temperatures outside and inside the shell remains constant. The material properties of the shell and the stiffeners can depend on the temperature. Closed-form solutions are obtained in a number of important particular cases. Numerical examples illustrate that even moderate differences between the external and internal temperatures can result in significant stresses and deformations of the shell.
The importance of sequence in clamping prismatic workpieces in fixturing processes

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of clamping sequences in fixturing processes. We analyze the stability of fixturing prismatic workpieces during different stages of clamping. Sequences of clamping described in this research assure the stability of the workpiece during clamping processes and relax the stringent requirement on the positioning accuracy of placing the clamps.
Classifying Family Violence Whither the Woozle

A typology of family violence was derived from the reports of 181 adolescent family members in intact rural and urban families sampled in the Midwest. Discriminant analysis was used in an attempt to differentiate nonviolent, verbally violent, and both verbally and physically violent families as a function of variables said to be significant predictors of family violence in a decade review by Gelles. Results indicate that the predictor variables fail to account consistently for differences among the three groups. As Gelles has suggested, a “woozle effect” may be operating in which frequent citations of relatively poor studies mislead us into thinking we know more about the causes of family violence than we really do.
Storage Area Network Extension over Passive Optical Networks Using Parallel Signal Detection

We demonstrate a novel storage passive optical network (PON), which delivers broadband data as well as storage services to the end users through the employment of subcarrier modulation and parallel signal detection (PSD). Experimental results show that the proposed storage PON is capable of providing Gigabit level data and storage transmission in the access network.
One-Group t-Test for the Mean

This chapter explains how to use one of the most popular and most helpful statistical tests in environmental science research: the one-group t-test for the mean. This test compares the mean of your data set against the hypothesized population mean for your data to determine if the difference between these two values is “large enough” to be considered a “significant difference.” The formula is presented, explained, and a practical example is given using your calculator. Seven steps are outlined for using this formula to test specific hypotheses about your data. These steps build on the hypothesis-testing steps you learned in Chap. 3 of this book. You will also learn how to find the absolute value of a number, how to find the critical value of t in the table given in Appendix E of this book, and how to state both the result and conclusion of your statistical test. In addition, the difference between the 95 % confidence interval about the mean (Chap. 3) and the one-group t-test is explained. Three practice problems are given at the end of the chapter to test your Excel skills, and the answers to these problems appear in Appendix A of this book. An additional practice problem is presented in the Practice Test given in Appendix B along with its answer in Appendix C of this book.
Inmate Classification Systems A Cross-Tabulation of Two Methods

Following a suggestion by Warren (1971) two inmate classification systems were cross-tabulated to examine the concordance between them. Jesness Sequential I-level ratings and MMPI types were obtained on a sample of inmates admitted to a Federal Corrections Institution. I-level subtypes and MMPI types were collapsed into subsets and cross-tabulated. Although there was a significant chi-square, the only groups that appear to be concordant between the systems are those that each system labels as most pathological. Regression analysis provided support for this finding, as only a small proportion of the variance in I-level is accounted for by MMPI. It appears that MMPI and I-level, while both capable of classifying inmates, perform their classifications on different dimensions.
Leaving Few Bones Unturned: Recent Work on Repatriation by Osteologists

In this essay, I consider recent osteological and bioarchaeological contributions to literature on Native American repatriation given the heightened visibility of theoretical and methodological conflicts within physical anthropology over race and race determination. Contestations between researchers, particularly at the osteological nexus with the traditional biological race concept, have intersected with repatriation, both in and out of the anthropological literature, and in federal district court. The publications reviewed here exemplify this emerging multiplicity of practice in osteology and bioarchaeology, and therefore, in toto, incisively portray the complexities that repatriation has brought to skeletal inquiry in the United States.
Syntheses of 2‐(diacetoxymethyl‐14C)‐5‐nitrofuran and carbon‐14 labeled nitrofurazone

A new method for the microscale syntheses of carbon-14 labeled 5-nitrofuran derivatives of high specific activities was developed. Ethyl 2-furancarboxylate-carboxy-14C (3) was prepared in an improved yield from Ba14CO3. 2-Furancarboxaldehyde-formyl-14C (5) was prepared by reduction of the ester 3 followed by γ-MnO2 oxidation of 2-(hydroxymethyl-14C)furan (4). 2-(Diacetoxymethyl-14C)-5-nitrofuran (7), an immediate precursor of many radiolabeled 5-nitrofuran drugs, was prepared in a new two-reaction one-flask procedure from 2-furancarboxaldehyde-formyl-14C (5) in 7.3% overall radiochemical yield from Ba14CO3. Carbon-14 labeled nitrofurazone (8) was then prepared from 7.
Binding of Cationic Mixed Micelles to Pyrene-Labeled Poly((acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate)

The interaction between pyrene-labeled poly(acrylamido)-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (PyPAMPS) and mixed micelles of n-dodecylhexaoxyethylene glycol monoether/n-hexadecyltrimethylam- monium chloride (C12E6/CTAC) was studied by turbidimetry, quasielastic light scattering (QELS), fluorescence quenching, and UV spectroscopy. The present report focuses on the effect of the pyrene label on the polymer-micelle interaction. With nonlabeled PAMPS, we observe by turbidity and QELS a critical mole fraction of ionic surfactant (Yc) corresponding to the onset of polyelectrolyte-micelle interaction. The same Yc is observed by turbidity and QELS for PyPAMPS. However, PyPAMPS shows a lower additional transition by the same methods, which we refer to as "Yc1" to distinguish it from "Yc2" which is seen for both PAMPS and PyPAMPS. Steady-state fluorescence, in the presence of a hydrophobic quencher (N,N-dimethylaniline) solubilized in the micelles, also shows a discontinuity at Yc1. Therefore, we conclude that Yc1 and Yc2 correspond to the binding of micelles to polymeric pyrene sites and AMPS sites, respectively. Analysis of UV spectra at varying Y demonstrates that the polymer-bound pyrene penetrates inside micelles and resides at or near the hydrophobic core. These results indicate preferential binding of micelles to pyrene binding sites; nevertheless, both Yc1 and Yc2 show a linear dependence on the square root of the ionic strength. This dependence suggests the dominant role of electrostatic forces, consistent with the observation that nonionic micelles will not bind to PyPAMPS. We conclude that conjoint hydrophobic and electrostatic effects determine the interaction between PyPAMPS and C12E6/ CTAC mixed micelles.
A coordinated optimization approach to Volt/VAr control for large power distribution networks

Electric distribution networks are operated under a number of constraints in order to deliver power at a certain quality and reliability level. A distributed management system (DMS) is a supervisory control layer in the distribution system used by the utilities for managing distribution assets in a coordinated fashion. For large distribution systems (those consisting of thousands of nodes and multiple tens of capacitor banks and voltage regulators), an integrated Volt/VAr Control (IVVC), which maximizes asset lifetime, is non-trivial due to the size of the search space for determining the optimal settings of these devices. This paper presents coordinated optimization approach to IVVC for large power distribution networks that will enable a more optimal operation of the distribution network while maximizing distribution control asset lifetime through the minimization of unnecessary device switching.
Test of a large volume calorimeter in KEPRI tritium laboratory

A tritium assaying and dispensing system has been designed and is being constructed in KEPTL (Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Tritium Laboratory). This facility will be used to supply tritium from WTRF (Wolsong Tritium Removal Facility) to customers for industrial uses, R&D application, ITER operation and other purposes. In order to account the tritium amount loaded in and out this facility, KEPTL purchased a large volume calorimeter from Setaram. This calorimeter is integrated in a dedicated room of the KEPTL in 2008 and the site acceptance tests are completed. The KEPTL calorimeter is a twin cell type and its measuring range is from 0.01 gram of tritium to 60 gram of tritium. The tritium storage beds loaded into the measuring cell of the calorimeter reach a maximum size of 200 mm in diameter and 570 mm in height. The performance test has been successfully completed with a Joule effect cell simulating tritium decay heat. It is demonstrated that the precision of the calorimeter is measured to be less than 0.28% at 50 mW and 0.13% at 10W. Relative error on real tritium test is measured to be 0.06% on 37 TBq of tritium.
Power allocation strategies to minimize energy consumption in wireless body area networks

The wide scale deployment of wireless body area networks (WBANs) hinges on designing energy efficient communication protocols to support the reliable communication as well as to prolong the network lifetime. Cooperative communications, a relatively new idea in wireless communications, offers the benefits of multi-antenna systems, thereby improving the link reliability and boosting energy efficiency. In this short paper, the advantages of resorting to cooperative communications for WBANs in terms of minimized energy consumption are investigated. Adopting an energy model that encompasses energy consumptions in the transmitter and receiver circuits, and transmitting energy per bit, it is seen that cooperative transmission can improve energy efficiency of the wireless network. In particular, the problem of optimal power allocation is studied with the constraint of targeted outage probability. Two strategies of power allocation are considered: power allocation with and without posture state information. Using analysis and simulation-based results, two key points are demonstrated: (i) allocating power to the on-body sensors making use of the posture information can reduce the total energy consumption of the WBAN; and (ii) when the channel condition is good, it is better to recruit less relays for cooperation to enhance energy efficiency.
New hyperbolic source density models for blind source recovery score functions

We present two new hyperbolic source probability models to effectively represent sub-Gaussian and super-Gaussian families of sources for dynamic and convolutive Blind Source Recovery (BSR). Both models share a common boundary for the Gaussian density function. The proposed hyperbolic probability model for the sub-Gaussian densities is an extension of the Pearson density model. The model can represent a broader range of sub-Gaussian densities including multi-modal densities as compared to the original Pearson Model. Similarly, the proposed super-gaussian model is an extension of the generalized hyperbolic-Cauchy density function with an added degree of freedom. Combining these two proposed models we propose an adaptive score function for Blind Source Recovery from mixtures of multiple (and unknown) source densities. An adaptive algorithm, to determine the regulation parameters for the proposed score function, using the batch kurtosis of BSR output is also presented. The primary advantage of the proposed online parameter estimation is that it renders the adaptive estimation of the demixing network to be completely blind. The proposed algorithms have been extensively used in multi-distribution convolutive Blind Source Recovery problems.
Analyzing the Hidden Curriculum of Screen Media Advertising

This media literacy article introduces a questioning framework for analyzing screen media with students and provides an example analysis of two contemporary commercials. Investigating screen conventions can help students understand the persuasive functions of commercials, as well as how the unique sensory experience of screen viewing affects how messages are both constructed and received. In addition, a close examination of screen dynamics can help facilitate a deeper exploration of the hidden curriculum of screen media advertising or the underlying messages that transcend the content of any one commercial. This hidden curriculum includes how advertisers frame personal and social problems and how solutions to these problems are suggested. Other facets of the hidden curriculum of screens, including how programming constraints affect content, as well as how the sensory experience of the screen fosters an emphasis on emotion-based appeals, are also discussed.
The Eurodollar Market: The Case for Disclosure

The Eurodollar market has been with us in significant dimensions for approximately two decades,' but its ramifications continue to be explored.2 Economists and other authorities disagree about the nature and rate of deposit expansion in the Eurodollar market,3 whether and to what extent the Eurodollar market feeds worldwide inflationary forces,4 and whether Eurodollar lenders take greater risks when making their loans than do other lenders.5 These economic consequences
Is There a Universal Positivity Bias in Attributions? A Meta-Analytic Review of Individual, Developmental, and Cultural Differences in the Self-Serving Attributional Bias.

Researchers have suggested the presence of a self-serving attributional bias, with people making more internal, stable, and global attributions for positive events than for negative events. This study examined the magnitude, ubiquity, and adaptiveness of this bias. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 266 studies, yielding 503 independent effect sizes. The average d was 0.96, indicating a large bias. The bias was present in nearly all samples. There were significant age differences, with children and older adults displaying the largest biases. Asian samples displayed significantly smaller biases (d = 0.30) than U.S. (d = 1.05) or Western (d = 0.70) samples. Psychopathology was associated with a significantly attenuated bias (d = 0.48) compared with samples without psychopathology (d = 1.28) and community samples (d = 1.08). The bias was smallest for samples with depression (0.21), anxiety (0.46), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (0.55). Findings confirm that the self-serving attributional bias is pervasive in the general population but demonstrates significant variability across age, culture, and psychopathology.
Error Detection and Correction Codes

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Code Interleaving Error Detection and Correction Strategies Summary References Standards
Variability in follicular fluid high density lipoprotein particle components measured in ipsilateral follicles.

The purpose of this study was to examine the biological variability of follicular fluid (FF) high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle components measured in ipsilateral ovarian follicles. We collected FF from two ipsilateral follicles among six women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). We measured concentrations of 19 FF HDL particle components, including HDL cholesterol, free cholesterol, four cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 (ApoA-1 and ApoA-2), and seven lipophilic micronutrients, by automated analysis and with high-performance liquid chromatography. We assessed biological variability using two-stage nested analysis of variance and compared values with those previously published for contralateral follicles. For most FF HDL analytes, there was little variability between follicles relative to the variability between women (i.e., %σ2 F:%σ2 B 0.80 for HDL cholesterol (0.82), phospholipids (0.89), paraoxonase (0.96), and arylesterase (0.91) activities, ApoA-1 (0.89), and ApoA-2 (0.90), and single specimen collections were required to estimate the subject-specific mean, demonstrating sufficient reliability for use as biomarkers of the follicular microenvironment in epidemiologic and clinical studies. These preliminary results raise the possibility for tighter regulation of HDL in follicles within the same ovary vs. between ovaries. Thus, collection of a single FF specimen may be sufficient to estimate HDL particle components concentrations within a single ovary. However, our results should be interpreted with caution as the analysis was based on a small sample.
2.18 Particulate Filled and Short Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

This chapter provides a review of the mechanical and thermal properties of particulate filled and short fiber reinforced polymer composites. It starts with a brief description of the common particulate fillers used in the plastics industry and then discusses the elastic and strength properties of particulate filled polymers. Characteristics of short fiber reinforced polymers are discussed next and emphasis is given on their modulus and strength predictions. The chapter ends with descriptions and properties of several short fiber reinforced composites, such as SMC, BMC, CSM, SFT and LFT.
Microbial Electrochemical Cells and Biorefinery Energy Efficiency

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) offer a novel method of energy recovery from wastewater and have evolved to derive energy and products from biomass and organic waste. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have emerged as a means of producing hydrogen, methane, and other products from the aqueous wastes. Production of hydrogen and other forms of bioenergy from biorefinery wastes and recovery of resources such as water and nutrients can potentially improve the economics of the biorefinery. This chapter describes the current status of BES technology for energy recovery from biorefinery streams. Potential advantages of integration with other biorefinery components for feedstocks such as corn stover and woody biomass are identified. Current status of the MFC and MEC technology is discussed along with the estimates for bioenergy production in the biorefinery using this technology.
Ultrastructure of the septal pore apparatus and early septum initiation in Auricularia auricula-judae

The septal pore apparatus and septum initiation in vegetative hyphae of Auricularia auricula-judae were studied by light and electron microscopy for phylogenetic comparisons. Both freeze substituti...
Development of System Dynamic Approaches to Airport Pavements Maintenance

AbstractPavement maintenance solutions have been traditionally developed based mainly on two quantities: pavement condition index (PCI) and structural condition index (SCI). The PCI represents the functional condition, whereas the SCI reflects the structural condition of a pavement. Using a system dynamic concept, this study has developed two approaches for the first time: (1) the PCI approach, where a specific maintenance treatment is applied when the PCI value of a pavement section reaches a minimum defined value; and (2) the combined PCI-SCI approach, where a specific maintenance is applied when either the PCI or the SCI reaches a minimum value. In particular, two different system dynamic modules have been developed to calculate the relative benefit and cost associated with different maintenance scenarios. It is shown that for low initial SCI values, the PCI-SCI approach shows higher relative benefits and lower life-cycle treatment cost than the PCI approach. However, if the difference between the PCI ...
Demographic, Social Support, and Community Differences in Predictors of African-American and White Men Receiving Prostate Cancer Screening in the United States

Objective To examine demographic, social support, and community factors from a national dataset that influence African-American (AA) and White men to receive prostate cancer screening (PCS) via the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) or Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA). Design and Sample A cross-sectional secondary analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provided the sample of AA (N = 377) and White (N = 971) men over the age of 40 years. Regression analysis with confidence intervals was utilized to examine the factors associated with AA and White men receiving PCS. The Social Ecological Model provided the theoretical framework. Measures Questionnaires from the NHANES dataset provided data for this study. Results: Age, education, and access to health care was associated with AA and White men receiving the DRE. Income and church attendance was only associated with White men receiving the DRE. Only White men had an association of income with receiving the PSA test and only AA men had an association of marital status with receiving the PSA test. Conclusions Cultural evaluations of PCS behaviors among AA men are necessary to decrease the health disparity of prostate cancer among the AA population.
Low Temperature Synthesis and Surface Plasmon Resonance of Colloidal Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6) Nanocrystals

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) nanocrystals, with an ∼1000 nm wavelength localized surface plasmon resonance ideal for interacting with solar near-infrared radiation, have been synthesized for the first time in a relatively low temperature flask reaction using sodium borohydride as both boron source and “solvent”. Furthermore, the incorporation of isophthalic acid as a ligand allows the nanocrystals to disperse, permitting direct incorporation into polymer matrices including poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene, suitable for composites and coatings.
In Vitro Translation of the Angiotensin AT(1) Receptor in Wheat-Germ Extracts.

In vitro translation is a powerful method for specifically investigating mRNA translation independently of transcription, post-translational processing, and protein trafficking. There are several well-characterized in vitro translation systems including mammalian cell extracts (e.g., HeLa cells and Chinese Hamster Ovary cells) (1,2), rabbit reticulocyte lysates (3,4), Xenopus egg extracts (5), rye embryo (6), and wheat germ (7,8) that efficiently and faithfully translate heterologous mRNAs. Our laboratory is interested in investigating translational control of the angiotensin AT(1) receptor. Thus, we need a cell-free system that efficiently translates the angiotensin AT(1) receptor.
Mobile Satellite Communications

Comsat was founded in 1963 to be the American part of an international satellite communications consortium—a consortium (Intelsat) that Comsat was also supposed to form. The services provided were from “fixed” point to “fixed” point—hence fixed satellite service (FSS). Mobile services involved at least one side of the communications link being mobile—such as a ship, airplane, or automobile. The difference between “fixed” services and “mobile” services was well established at the US FCC and the UN-sponsored International Telecommunications Union (ITU). Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) might or might not be included in the Comsat/Intelsat “monopoly.” MSS was eventually established—after a tortuous (perhaps torturous) beginning.
Citizens’ Preferences and the Portfolio of Public Goods: Evidence from Nigeria

Summary Developing countries have undertaken decentralization reforms to increase the efficiency of public goods’ provisioning. By tailoring the goods to the preferences of smaller groups, the reforms aim to ensure that the resulting supply of public goods matches local demands. We analyze if local politicians tasked with supplying public goods in a developing country respond to citizens’ preferences. We ask two questions: First, faced with demands for increased spending on a particular type of public good, will politicians increase the overall spending on public goods or keep it constant while reallocating resources between different public goods? Second, if politicians reallocate resources rather than increase overall spending, which public good will receive additional funds at the expense of another good? We examine these questions using sub-national spending and preference data in Nigerian districts. Our empirical strategy accounts for interdependency between spending areas as increased spending in one area can be offset by decreasing expenditures elsewhere. We find that local politicians reallocate resources across education, health, infrastructure, and agricultural support to match the preference profile of citizens across these goods but do not increase overall spending for public goods.
Do mHealth interventions prevent excessive gestational weight gain

Mobile technologies are nearly ubiquitous worldwide (Pew Research Center, Technology Device Ownership: 2015). These digital platforms hold considerable promise for delivering weight control interventions due to their broach reach, immediate scalability, and low implementation costs (Bennett G et al. Annu Rev Public Health 2009;30:273-92). There is evidence for their efficacy in promoting weight loss among non-pregnant adults with obesity (Flores Mateo G et al. J Med Internet Res 2015;17(11):e253), yet few studies have examined the feasibility and efficacy of mobile technologies for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnant women at highest risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Epigenetic modulation of inflammatory T cell responses

Pro-inflammatory T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cell responses drive autoimmune attack of the central nervous system in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), resulting in disability. In contrast, regulatory Th2 and Treg responses are deficient. The reactivation and expansion of inflammatory T cells is linked to increased severity and active MS disease. Thus, therapeutic strategies that modulate this process would be beneficial. Epigenetic modifications such as histone methylation and acetylation provide control over cellular phenotype. The epigenetic modifying enzyme Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the only known enzyme known to catalyze symmetric dimethylation (SDM) on arginine residues of histones. Although PRMT5 has been shown to be up-regulated in several cancers, there is currently no known role for PRMT5 in T cells. We have found that PRMT5 was up-regulated during re-activation of myelin-specific mouse memory T cells and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggesting that PRMT5 may control expansion of pathogenic autoimmune responses. To test this, we developed novel PRMT5-selective inhibitors in collaboration with the Drug Development Institute at OSU. These novel PRMT5 inhibitors preferentially suppressed Th1 over Th2 cell proliferation, an effect that was partially dependent on IL-2 suppression. In addition, we observed similar effects in human memory T cells, suggesting a conserved function of PRMT5 in both human and mouse. Genetic knockdown of PRMT5 with a short hairpin RNA similarly suppressed inflammatory Th1 cell proliferation. Overall, these data support a role for PRMT5 in memory T cell responses and as a promising therapeutic target in autoimmunity.
77 Development and pilot testing of a remote therapy intervention for aggression and alcohol use among adolescents in the emergency department

Statement of Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot test a remote therapy intervention (RTI) for youth with aggression and alcohol use. Methods/Approach First, we conducted secondary data analysis of the SafERteens study. Participants (ages 14–18) receiving a therapist brief intervention (n=215) were classified as responders (26%) or non-responders (74%) based on aggression and/or binge drinking at 3 month follow-up. Bivariate analyses showed that as compared to responders, at baseline non-responders reported greater alcohol use, and peer/dating victimisation and aggression. Logistic regression analysis showed that significant predictors of responder status were depression and delinquency. Second, we pilot tested an 8-session RTI addressing aggression and alcohol use. Youth (ages 14–20) in an urban emergency department screening positive for past 2 month alcohol use and aggression were enrolled in an open pilot study with a 4 month follow-up. The sessions combined elements of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy to address alcohol use and aggression (e.g., conflict resolution), as well as markers of response (e.g., depression, delinquency). The intervention was delivered in-person by a therapist during the ED visit and remotely by phone in the 12 weeks following the ED visit. Results In total, 16 youth participated [M age=18.8; 31% male; 50% African-American]. Over 50% of participants completed 5 or more sessions, with >90% rating the sessions as very/extremely helpful. Paired analyses (baseline, follow-up) showed significant decreases in aggression, victimisation, alcohol consequences, and violence consequences; although not significant, use of alcohol decreased from 100% to 40%. Conclusion Based on feedback from participants, future recommendations include tailoring the number of sessions based on need and delivery of sessions by video or in-person. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Findings will inform the development of adaptive interventions for aggression and alcohol use, with dose increased or decreased based on response.
The Sexualized Proletariat in Jack London’s The Iron Heel

This chapter investigates Jack London’s complex, somewhat contradictory treatment of both social class and gender in relation to sexual desire. While London recognizes proletarian grievances, he presents social class as a fluid characteristic. Erotic connections allow characters to shed one class identity and acquire another. London’s treatment of gender is conversely rigid and inconsistent. Women are among the novel’s most engaging and successful revolutionaries, yet he fetishizes stock attributes of conventional masculinity. Queer undertones also inadvertently emerge through the narrator’s presentation of the story’s idealized hero and the author’s sexualizing of the working class as a collective body. Initiating a paradigm common to projected political fictions, London dismisses organized religion as a source of moral wisdom, arguing that the Church is prone to corruption.
Estimation of velocity profiles of flow in a slot subjected to oscillating pressure gradient

In this work velocity profiles have been calculated for a flow in a slot with a pressure gradient subjected to oscillations using a computer program. From previous work and findings, it is known that the flow in a slot with a constant pressure gradient has a velocity profile which forms a parabolic shape. In this work we add an vibratory component to the steady gradient under consideration. Moreover, the changes in velocities and changes in dimensional parameters of the slot has been analyzed. Graphs of velocity changes are captured for various time and slot stations in order to fully understand the flow when a pressure gradient of vibratory nature is applied. The Navier — Stokes and continuity equations in are used and are kept in the Cartesian coordinates. Changes in velocity profiles for various kinematic viscosity of the fluids are also taken into consideration. The establishment of the viscous region within the slot and its variation with respect to viscosity of the fluid is studied. Moreover, the variation in velocity profile with changing dimensions of the slot is also taken into consideration. The proposed algorithm formulated during the course of this research will enable and aid scientific investigators and academics to accomplish calculations to design various slots according to situational requirements. The results achieved will help in designing slots and channels which experience oscillation in pressure gradients and can also be used to predict the of nature of gradient at work.
Panel Effects and the Use of Self-Reported Measures of Delinquency in Longitudinal Studies

Self-report techniques for measuring delinquent and criminal behavior have been developed, almost exclusively, in studies using cross-sectional designs. None of the formative self-report studies, such as those conducted by Short and Nye (1957), Reiss and Rhodes (1961), Clark and Wenninger (1962), or Empey and Erickson (1965) involved longitudinal designs and many early studies that applied self-report methods to substantive topics (e.g., Gold, 1966; Hirschi, 1969) were also cross-sectional. As a result, criminological research has paid relatively little attention to the particular problems that attend the repeated use of a self-report measure in panel studies.
American art as an investment: new evidence from an alternative approach

In this paper, we have attempted to provide new evidence regarding American art as an investment vehicle, using tools typically employed to evaluate the investment worthiness of financial assets. We provided a brief review of the CAPM, and then estimated a general version of it allowing betas to differ between early American and contemporary American art using auction data on paired sales during the period 1987–2013. Our results indicate that early American art and contemporary American art are two distinct asset classes; that contemporary American art is probably a good investment on strictly financial grounds, but early American art may not be; that incorporating transactions costs is crucial to evaluating whether art is a good investment in some cases; that it is in principle possible to design an asset portfolio containing only American art that mimics the investment characteristics of the market portfolio; and that what appeared to be an art bubble bursting in the fall of 2015 may simply have been a predictable response of art prices to a drop in the stock market.
The Myth of Shakespearean Authenticity: Neoliberalism and Humanistic Shakespeare

The chapter explores the ways in which nominally subversive performances of Shakespeare negotiate the complex terrain of twenty-first-century North-American culture, frequently subverting its core messages. As a case study, Kostihova analyzes the ways in which the second season of Canadian TV series Slings and Arrows (2003–06) ostensibly resists neoliberal market consumerism, only to come to undermine its own message through an inexorable endorsement of social neoconservatism, thus nullifying its nominal commitment to using Shakespeare as a restorer of humanist critical thinking and individualism.
Ponatinib Activates an Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells via ERK5 SUMOylation.

Ponatinib is a multi-targeted third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients harboring the Abelson (Abl)-breakpoint cluster region (Bcr) T315I mutation. In spite of having superb clinical efficacy, ponatinib triggers severe vascular adverse events (VAEs) that significantly limit its therapeutic potential. On vascular endothelial cells (ECs), ponatinib promotes EC dysfunction and apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis. Furthermore, ponatinib-mediated anti-angiogenic effect has been suggested to play a partial role in systemic and pulmonary hypertension via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Even though ponatinib-associated VAEs are well documented, their etiology remains largely unknown, making it difficult to efficiently counteract treatment-related adversities. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which ponatinib mediates VAEs is critical. In cultured human aortic ECs (HAECs) treated with ponatinib, we found an increase in nuclear factor NF-kB/p65 phosphorylation and NF-kB activity, inflammatory gene expression, cell permeability, and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, ponatinib abolished extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) transcriptional activity even under activation by its upstream kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5α (CA-MEK5α). Ponatinib also diminished expression of ERK5 responsive genes such as Kruppel-like Factor 2/4 (klf2/4) and eNOS. Because ERK5 SUMOylation counteracts its transcriptional activity, we examined the effect of ponatinib on ERK5 SUMOylation, and found that ERK5 SUMOylation is increased by ponatinib. We also found that ponatibib-mediated increased inflammatory gene expression and decreased anti-inflammatory gene expression were reversed when ERK5 SUMOylation was inhibited endogenously or exogenously. Overall, we propose a novel mechanism by which ponatinib up-regulates endothelial ERK5 SUMOylation and shifts ECs to an inflammatory phenotype, disrupting vascular homeostasis.
Abstract B174: Co-expression of stimulators and inhibitors of T-cell activation in melanoma

Melanoma, one of the most aggressive skin cancers, has steadily been on the rise over the last three decades. With limited treatment options, the recent impetus in immuno-oncology drugs, especially checkpoint inhibitors, has changed the treatment landscape. While anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 demonstrated success in clinic, the search for additional targets is needed to enable potent comprehensive curative combination therapies. Our laboratory has characterized and screened five primary patient-derived melanoma cell lines, MEL-2, MEL-V, 3MM, KFM, and GLM-2. While immunomodulatory molecules are canonically present on antigen presenting cells and T-cells, increasing evidence suggests that they are not expressed in isolation. In an effort to identify immunomodulatory molecules expressed on our primary melanoma cells, a comprehensive RT-PCR screen of 29 co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules was carried out. Several molecules including CD160, CD226, TIM1, HVEM, and BTLA were seen to be differentially expressed in melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes at the mRNA level. Western blots and immunocytochemistry validated the differential expression of these molecules at the protein level. 50-80% of melanoma cases are positive for the BRAFV600E mutation, and are treated with a small molecule inhibitor of the mutated BRAF, vemurafenib (PLX4032). Treatment of these cells with PLX4032 led to an upregulation of transcription factors MITF and AP-1, as well as immunomodulatory molecules, CD160, CD226, TIM1, HVEM, and BTLA, a phenomenon seen only in cells positive for the BRAFV600E lesion. MITF and AP-1, owing to the binding sites present in the promoter regions of these molecules, can drive their expression upon treatment with PLX4032. These additional immune-regulatory molecules of T-cell activation and/or immune tolerance mechanisms are potential targets for a combination therapy with PLX4032 in melanoma patients positive for the BRAFV600E genetic lesion. Our future directions aim to elucidate the role of these molecules on the tumor cells and devise an effective combination with small-molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies. Citation Format: Rachana Maniyar, Robert Freund, Aryan Malhotra, Sanjukta Chakraborty, Jan Geliebter, Marc Wallack, Raj K. Tiwari. Co-expression of stimulators and inhibitors of T-cell activation in melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B174.
Damage removal and gap filling in nucleotide excision repair

The nucleotide excision repair (NER) system removes a variety of types of helix-distorting lesions from DNA through a dual incision mechanism, in which the damaged nucleotide bases are excised in the form of a small, excised, damage-containing single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide (sedDNA). Damage removal leaves a gap in the DNA template that must then be filled in by the action of a DNA polymerase and ligated to the downstream phosphodiester backbone in the DNA to complete the repair reaction. Defects in damage removal, sedDNA processing, or gap filling have the potential to be mutagenic and lethal to cells, and thus several human pathologies, including cancer and aging, are associated with defects in NER. This review summarizes our current understanding of NER with a focus on the enzymes that excise sedDNAs and restore the duplex DNA to its native state in human cells.