cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the onset of extrudate distortion in polyethylenes from rheological data

An extensive set of rheological data, including steady shear, normal stress, and oscillatory response functions, have been obtained for several polyethylene melts, and a modified form of the Spriggs nonlinear co-rotational model has been used to represent the data. The resulting model was used to predict the transient stress response of the melts in a simplified model of the extrusion process, with a resulting criterion for the onset of melt distortion in terms of readily evaluated rheological parameters. The predicted occurrence of melt distortion based on this criterion agreed well with observations for the polymers in this study as well as for a variety of other polymers reported in the literature.
NALORPHINE (NALLINE) ANTAGONISM TO RACEMORPHAN (DROMORAN) INTOXICATION

Experiments with laboratory animals indicate that nalorphine (Nalline) is effective in antagonizing most of the effects of morphine, codeine, dihydromorphinone (Dilaudid), metopon, methadone, and meperidine (Demerol). Successful clinical use of nalorphine to antagonize the respiratory depression caused by morphine, dihydromorphinone, methadone, and meperidine has been reported. Chase, Boyd, and Andrews have reported successful treatment of dihydromorphinone and racemorphan poisoning with nalorphine. We have had the opportunity to confirm the dramatic efficacy of nalorphine in another case of racemorphan intoxication. The unusual circumstances involved in this case permit the drawing of certain conclusions concerning the pharmacological activity of both racemorphan and nalorphine. REPORT OF A CASE A 54-year-old white woman entered the hospital in December, 1952, because of generalized carcinomatosis. Six months previously she had been treated for carcinoma of the uterus with radium implants and subsequent total hysterectomy. For a month prior to admission she had been bedridden and had
Injury risk and severity in a sample of Maryland residents with serious mental illness

Objective Adults with serious mental illness experience premature mortality and heightened risk for medical disease, but little is known about the burden of injuries in this population. The objective of this study was to describe injury incidence among persons with serious mental illness. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6234 Maryl and Medicaid recipients with serious mental illness from 1994–2001. Injuries were classified using the Barell Matrix. Relative risks were calculated to compare injury rates among the study cohort with injury rates in the United States population. Cox proportional hazards modeling with time dependent covariates was used to assess factors related to risk of injury and injury-related death. Results Forty-three percent of the Maryland Medicaid cohort had any injury diagnosis. Of the 7298 injuries incurred, the most common categories were systemic injuries due to poisoning (10.4%), open wounds to the head/face (8.9%), and superficial injuries, fractures, and sprains of the extremities (8.6%, 8.5%, and 8.4%, respectively). Injury incidence was 80% higher and risk for fatal injury was more than four and a half times higher among the cohort with serious mental illness compared to the general population. Alcohol and drug abuse were associated with both risk of injury and risk of injury-related death with hazard ratios of 1.87 and 4.76 at the p Conclusions The superficial, minor nature of the majority of injuries is consistent with acts of minor victimization and violence or falls. High risk of fatal and non-fatal injury among this group indicates need for increased injury prevention efforts targeting persons with serious mental illness and their caregivers.
Comparative hydrolytic rates of some tropine esters

Abstract A study has been carried out on the chemical kinetics of the hydroxyl ion catalyzed hydrolysis of nor‐atropine, tropine phenylacetate, tropine phenoxyacetate, tropine p ‐nitrobenzoate, atropine ethylbromide, and atropine benzylchloride. The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of various acid moieties in tropine esters on overall reaction rate. The experimental results would seem to indicate that a number of factors may be involved, including steric, inductive, and hyperconjugation effects.
High-Resolution X-ray Observations of the Orion Nebula

Observations of the Trapezium region in the Orion Nebula have been obtained with the high-resolution X-ray imaging instrument on the Einstein Observatory. At least 58 sources of the X-ray emission have been revealed, and all but two can be identified with visible stars. The strongest source is the star theta(1)C, which excites the emission nebula, and has an X-ray luminosity of 6 x 10 to the 32nd ergs/s. No strong X-ray emission has been observed from members of the infrared cluster embedded within the Orion molecular cloud.
Design requirements for integrated biosensor arrays

Miniaturization and integration of biosensor platforms is appealing due to smaller reaction volumes, larger numbers of detection sites and integration of various functionalities. Proper design of integrated biosensors is crucial in such systems due to limitation in resources such as power, chip area and cost. The optimal design involves determining the required sensor metrics and achieving these metrics with minimum use of the available resources. The system-level requirements of various biosensor arrays are discussed in this paper. We will show here, that while in certain applications, the best sensor performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or dynamic range (DR) is desirable, in others, these metrics can be traded off with power, area and ease of design and implementation. As a practical example, the design of a high DR sensor array for bioluminescence detection is considered. Various high DR schemes are qualitatively compared in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme in terms of SNR and power consumption. Two schemes are shown to be most suitable for such applications: synchronous self-reset with residue readout and read-self reset. The SNR and suitable applications of these techniques are compared in greater detail through behavioral simulations.
Lord's MAD Paradox and Jensen's Inequality

Abstract Lord (1983) showed that the mean absolute deviation (MAD) measure of dispersion does not always increase when an additional independent source of random variation is added. Jensen's inequality is used to find necessary and sufficient conditions for this paradoxical behavior. The conditions are unlikely to occur in practice.
A Primer on Computational Fields

A review of Field-Based Coordination for Pervasive Multiagent Systems by Marco Mamei and Franco Zambonelli.
A locally divergence-free nonconforming finite element method for the time-harmonic maxwell equations

A new numerical method for computing the divergence-free part of the solution of the time-harmonic Maxwell equations is studied in this paper. It is based on a discretization that uses the locally divergence-free Crouzeix-Raviart nonconforming P 1 vector fields and includes a consistency term involving the jumps of the vector fields across element boundaries. Optimal convergence rates (up to an arbitrary positive e) in both the energy norm and the L 2 norm are established on graded meshes. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Public Perceptions and the Dilemmas of Party Reform in the USSR

Although the literature on Soviet politics has described the breakdown of discipline and effectiveness of the party under Gorbachev's predecessors, it has paid little attention to individual differences in perceptions of the party and how these differences reflect differences in individual experiences. This study examines the relationship of individual differences in the perceptions of the honesty and competence of local and central party leaders to four background factors: ideological commitment to strong state or collective control, satisfaction with the material quality of life, perceptions of the qualities of primary party secretaries, and direct experiences in citizen-initiated contacts with the party. The study also examines the reasons people give for joining or not joining the party. It is argued that the very effort to hold party members to extremely strict codes of personal conduct, while reducing their special privileges, is likely to hurt the party's ability to recruit members. Moreover, the p...
Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous and intramuscular butorphanol in dogs

Butorphanol tartrate was administered intramuscularly and subcutaneously to adult male and female dogs at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg. No significant absorption lag time and no significant difference between peak intramuscular and subcutaneous serum concentrations were observed. The mean peak serum concentration was 29 ng/ml at mean times of 28 min after subcutaneous administration and 40 min after intramuscular administration. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in dogs with either route. The serum half-life was 1.62 hr, and the serum clearance was 3.45 liters/kg/hr. The apparent volume of distribution of butorphanol was 7.96 liters/kg. Although considerable inter- and intraanimal variation in Cmax and AUC was observed, there was no significant difference in the area under the serum concentration versus time curves, and the two administration routes were considered bioequivalent.
Comparative Effectiveness of Three Sequences of Moves for Teaching Conjunctive and Relational Mathematical Concepts to College Students.

Several studies (Rector & Henderson, 1970; Gaston & Kolb, 1973; Dossey & Henderson, 1974; Catanzano & Godwin, 1976) have applied the Henderson model (1967) as a means to ascertain the relative efficacy of different sequences of moves for the teaching of mathematical concepts. By using 11 concepts of elementary probability, Rector and Henderson (1970) compared four instructional moves-characterization (C), characterization-exemplification (CE), exemplification-characterization (EC), and exemplification-characterization-exemplification (ECE)-and found the C move to be the most effective on a low level criterion test. Gaston and Kolb (1973) used one concept to compare three moves-CE, ECE, and E; their results indicated that the E move was the most effective on an exemplification criterion test. By modifying the Gaston and Kolb study to include three unrelated concepts over a 4-day period, Catanzano and Godwin (1976) found the CE move more effective on a low-level immediate-acquisition criterion test and the E move to be more effective on a generalization short-term retention criterion test for the same concept as that used by Gaston and Kolb. However, the authors cautioned that the results be considered carefully in terms of two possible sources of errors: (a) history factors and (b) small number of items on the short-term retention test. Dossey and Henderson, recognizing the results of research using the Henderson model to be rather inconclusive at this time, applied the Henderson model to a restricted class of concepts defined by Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin (1956) as disjunctive. By using 12 contrived disjunctive mathematical concepts they found the CEC move significantly better than the ECE move on each of two upperlevel criterion tests.
Ferric ion sequestering agents kinetics of iron release from ferritin to catechoylamides

Abstract The removal of ferric ion from the iron storage protein ferritin to synthetic catechoylamide sequestering agents has been studied using visible spectroscopy at 487 nm. One ligand which has been investigated in detail is N,N′,N″,-tris(2,3-dihydroxy-5-sulfobenzoyl)-1,5,10-triazadecane (3,4-LICAMS), which octahedrally coordinates the metal ion via six phenolic oxygens. For some related catechoylamide chelates, the percentage of iron removed after 6 h has been determined. These ligands incorporate various modifications, either on the catechol moiety or on the backbone structure of the ligand. Mobilization of iron by the catechoylamide ligands alone results in very slow exchange, and virtually no iron removal after 6 h. In contrast, addition of ascorbic acid to the reaction mixture facilitates iron exchange, with the release of 7% of the available iron in the same time span. Variation of the initial rate with ascorbic acid concentration results in Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km = 1.7 · 10−3 M and a maximal rate of 1.28 · 10−7 M · min−1. The ascorbic acid-mediated rate was not affected by changing the catechoylamide ligand concentration, and was only slightly affected by variation of the ligand employed. These data are consistent with a multistep process which includes diffusion of a reductant into the ferritin inner core, reduction and possible chelation of the ferrous ion, diffusion out of the protein shell, and subsequent iron exchange with the catechoylamide molecule.
Computational study of cation influence on anion propensity for the air-water interface

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations with polarizable interactions were carried out to investigate how cation charge and ion pairing influence the anion propensity for the air–water interface of water. Higher cation charge resulted in greater interfacial activity for chloride, along with stronger NaCl binding. It was also found that artificially weakening NaCl interactions without changing charge has only a minor influence on chloride interfacial activity. Furthermore, we found that for a single NaCl contact ion pair in water that it had a much lower interfacial free energy than chloride alone, showing that the presence of a cation enhances anion interfacial activity.
HUMAN EVOLUTION : SEX-SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENOME VARIATION

Studies of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA have provided evidence that all modern humans have a common, 200,000 year old African ancestor. Recent studies of Y chromosome variation support this view and suggest that males and females have contributed differentially to human genome variation.
Effect of Low and High Fat Diets on Nutrient Intakes and Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Sedentary Men and Women

Objective: The desired level of dietary fat intake is controversial. The effect of decreasing fat intake to 19% and increasing it to 50% from a control diet of 30% on nutritional status and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy individuals was studied.Methods: Eleven healthy subjects (5 men and 6 women) were randomized to consume diets with 19% and 50% calories from fat. Each diet lasted 3 weeks, with a one-week washout. The habitual and washout diets were determined to be 30% fat. At the beginning and the end of each diet, fasting blood was collected to determine plasma lipoproteins, and physiological factors were measured.Results: Total caloric expenditure was similarly balanced to intake on the 30% and 50% fat diets, but intake was significantly lower on the 19% fat diet and led to a loss of 0.6 kg body weight. Consumptions of essential fatty acids, vitamin E and zinc were improved with increased fat intake, but folate intake was compromised on the 30% and 50% fat diets. Compared with the 50% fat diet...
Overexpression of Rheb2 enhances mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell growth while impairing stem cell repopulation

Molecular mechanisms preserving hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal by maintaining a balance between proliferation, differentiation, and other processes are not fully understood. Hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, causing sustained proliferative signals, can lead to exhaustion of HSC repopulating ability. We examined the role of the novel ras gene Rheb2, an activator of the mTOR kinase, in colony-forming ability, survival, and repopulation of immature mouse hematopoietic cells. In a cell line model of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), we found enhanced proliferation and mTOR signaling in cells overexpressing Rheb2. In addition, overexpression of Rheb2 enhanced colony-forming ability and survival of primary mouse bone marrow HPCs. Expansion of phenotypic HSCs in vitro was enhanced by Rheb2 overexpression. Consistent with these findings, Rheb2 overexpression transiently expanded phenotypically defined immature hematopoietic cells after in vivo transplantation; however, these Rheb2-transduced cells were significantly impaired in overall repopulation of primary and secondary congenic transplantation recipients. Our findings suggest that HPCs and HSCs behave differently in response to growth-promoting signals stimulated by Rheb2. These results may have value in elucidating mechanisms controlling the balance between proliferation and repopulating ability, a finding of importance in clinical uses of HPCs/HSCs.
Context-sensitive auto-sanitization in web templating languages using type qualifiers

Scripting vulnerabilities, such as cross-site scripting (XSS), plague web applications today. Most research on defense techniques has focused on securing existing legacy applications written in general-purpose languages, such as Java and PHP. However, recent and emerging applications have widely adopted web templating frameworks that have received little attention in research. Web templating frameworks offer an ideal opportunity to ensure safety against scripting attacks by secure construction, but most of today's frameworks fall short of achieving this goal.We propose a novel and principled type-qualifier based mechanism that can be bolted onto existing web templating frameworks. Our solution permits rich expressiveness in the templating language while achieving backwards compatibility, performance and formal security through a context-sensitive auto-sanitization (CSAS) engine. To demonstrate its practicality, we implement our mechanism in Google Closure Templates, a commercially used open-source templating framework that is used in GMail, Google Docs and other applications. Our approach is fast, precise and retrofits to existing commercially deployed template code without requiring any changes or annotations.
Density functional study of the complete pathway for the Heck reaction with palladium diphosphines

Abstract The reaction mechanism for the complete catalytic cycle of the Heck reaction (between phenyl bromide, C 6 H 5 Br, and ethylene, C 2 H 4 , in the presence of the base, NEt 3 to form the product styrene, C 6 H 5 –C 2 H 3 ), catalyzed by diphosphinopalladium complexes, Pd(PR 3 ) 2 {R = H, Me, Ph}, was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The relative free energies of the fully-optimized species in gas phase at 298.15 K and 1 atm were corrected for solvation in DMSO at 1 mol/L by using conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM). The calculations indicate a four-step mechanism for the catalysis, including oxidative addition of C 6 H 5 Br, migratory insertion of C 6 H 5 to C 2 H 4 , β-hydride transfer/olefin elimination of product, and catalyst regeneration by removal of HBr. Our calculations demonstrate that Pd π-complexes can be formed with phenyl bromide and ethylene before the oxidative addition occurs. Subsequently, various reaction paths were studied for the oxidative addition of phenyl bromide to palladium complexes, coordinated by phosphine(s) and/or ethylene. Interestingly, all pathways lead to palladium monophosphine as the active catalyst. Careful exploration was made on two possible pathways for the migratory insertion and β-hydride-transfer/olefin elimination: (1) the neutral path with bromide bound to Pd and (2) the cationic path with prior bromide ion dissociation. The neutral path is preferred to the cationic path, especially when the more bulky phosphines such as triphenylphosphine are involved.
A Low-Cost Low-Noise Amplifier in Poly-Si TFT Technology

Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (LTPS TFTs) are emerging as promising devices for low-cost applications owing to their low manufacturing cost. Since LTPS TFTs can be fabricated on the insulating substrates such as plastic or glass, on-chip spiral inductors achieve high quality of characteristic. In this paper, we observed that inductors using LTPS TFT technology have a 14% higher $Q$ -factor and a 16% higher self-resonance frequency compared to corresponding CMOS-bulk technology from electromagnetic (EM) simulation. It allows compensating low trans-conductance $({g}_{m})$ of LTPS TFTs due to inherent grain boundaries (GBs) in the poly-Si channel. With the properly optimized dimension of LTPS TFT technology, we designed a low-noise amplifier (LNA) on glass substrate having a ${\rm gain}= 15.4~{\hbox{dB}}$ , noise figure $({\rm NF})=2.8~{\hbox{dB}}$ , and third-order input intercept point $({\rm IIP3})= 3.9~{\hbox{dBm}}$ at 2.4 GHz with a 2 V voltage supply. The results demonstrate that low-cost RF design with LTPS TFTs can achieve CMOS-like performance.
A Hybrid ICA-SVM Approach to Continuous Phase Modulation Recognition

Automatic modulation recognition is a topic of interest in many fields including signal surveillance, multi-user detection and radio frequency spectrum monitoring. In this paper, we present an algorithm for recognition of different types of continuous phase modulation signals that uses a combination of features extracted through cyclic spectral analysis and an ICA-SVM hybrid recognition system. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to correctly identify modulation types over a wide range of SNR scenarios. The effects of pulse shaping and partial response waveforms are also investigated.
A new high frequency inductor loss measurement method

Recently, the integrated point-of-load (POL) converters are pushing to high frequency in order to reduce the converter volume. The inductor loss accounts for a significant part of the total converter loss. So accurate measurement of the inductor loss is important for magnetic design. The conventional methods have limitations when measuring high frequency inductor loss under different excitation conditions. In this paper, a new method utilizing reactive cancellation concept overcomes the shortcoming of conventional methods, and increases the accuracy. With appropriate excitation, this method can measure the inductor loss under practical AC waveform and DC current working conditions.
Surface-based protein binding pocket similarity

Protein similarity comparisons may be made on a local or global basis and may consider sequence information or differing levels of structural information. We present a local three-dimensional method that compares protein binding site surfaces in full atomic detail. The approach is based on the morphological similarity method which has been widely applied for global comparison of small molecules. We apply the method to all-by-all comparisons two sets of human protein kinases, a very diverse set of ATP-bound proteins from multiple species, and three heterogeneous benchmark protein binding site data sets. Cases of disagreement between sequence-based similarity and binding site similarity yield informative examples. Where sequence similarity is very low, high pocket similarity can reliably identify important binding motifs. Where sequence similarity is very high, significant differences in pocket similarity are related to ligand binding specificity and similarity. Local protein binding pocket similarity provides qualitatively complementary information to other approaches, and it can yield quantitative information in support of functional annotation. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Approximate Capacity of the Dirty Multiple-Access Channel With Partial State Information at the Encoders

In this paper, we consider the K -user Gaussian multiple-access channel with multiple independent additive white Gaussian interferences. Each interference is known to exactly one transmitter non-causally. The capacity region is characterized to within a bounded gap regardless of channel parameters. These results are based on a layered modulo-lattice scheme which realizes distributed interference cancellation.
Design and implementation of efficient message scheduling for controller area network

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is being widely used in real-time control applications such as automobiles, aircraft, and automated factories. In this pacer, we present the mixed traffic scheduler (MTS) for CAN, which provides higher schedulability than fixed-priority schemes like deadline-monotonic (DM) while incurring less overhead than dynamic earliest-deadline (ED) scheduling. We also describe how MTS can be implemented on existing CAN network adapters such as Motorola's TouCAN. In previous work, we had shown MTS to be far superior to DM in schedulability performance. In this paper, we present implementation overhead measurements showing that processing needed to support MTS consumes only about 5 to 6 percent of CPU time. Considering its schedulability advantage, this makes MTS ideal for use in control applications.
Computational efficiency of non‐linear programming methods on a class of structural problems

Results are presented of an investigation as to the computational efficiency of several non-linear programming algorithms on the constrained structural weight optimization of plane trusses and plane stress plates. The optimization algorithms considered are the methods of sequential linear programming, of feasible directions based on Zoutendijk's procedure P1, and of sequential unconstrained minimizations using the methods of Powell, Stewart, Fletcher–Powell, and Newton. Results are presented on computational efficiency as a function of number of design parameters and as a function of the function evaluation effort to derivative evaluation effort ratio.
Blood flow in the cerebral cortex during cardiac resuscitation in dogs.

Regional cerebral cortical blood flow (rCCBF) in 15 large dogs was determined using the double thermistor dilution method during standard closed-chest massage (CCM), CCM with an epinephrine infusion at 30 μ g/kg/min (CCM + Epi), and open-chest cardiac massage (OCCM). As a percentage of prearrest flow values, the rCCBF was 9.8% with CCM, 35% with CCM + Epi, and 156% with OCCM. The rCCBF was reduced significantly with CCM (P
Neurological models of cognitive processing

Abstract A framework is proposed from which to evaluate contemporary neurological models of cognitive processing. Selected models are classified as unidimensional, bidimensional, or tridimensional according to the neuraxes that they address. The empirical research that supports each model is considered in terms of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral levels of analysis. Applied implications of the models for learning and individual differences are identified as they relate to psychoeducational assessment and intervention. Finally, differences and similarities among the selected models are synthesized.
Aerospace Science and Engineering Research Experience for Teachers: The First Two Years

A special summer program that allows local schoolteachers to conduct aerospace-related, university-level engineering research has completed its second year at the University of Central Florida. Approximately ten teachers were competitively selected each of the two summers to work alongside university researchers for 8-week periods. Teaching specialties of the participants included chemistry, mathematics, physics, and biology. Research topics at the university ranged from nanofluids and shape memory alloys to robotics and solid rocket propulsion. Additional activities included weekly seminars, laboratory tours, and a workshop hosted by NASA/KSC. A primary objective of the 3-year program is to provide research experiences for the teacher participants from which they can formulate and apply aspects of what they learned into their own lesson plans. The dissemination of these research experiences into their respective science and mathematics classrooms is intended to ultimately attract future pupils to careers in engineering research. Feedback from the teacher participants has overall been positive, and the program has led to several observable outcomes. The results of the dissemination portion of the program are currently being assessed.
Hierarchical Concurrent Congestion and Wirelength Estimation in the Presence of IP Blocks

With the increasing sophistication of circuits and specifically in the presence of IP blocks, new estimation methods are needed in the design flow of large-scale circuits. Up to now, a number of post-placement congestion estimation techniques in the presence of IP blocks have been presented. The authors propose a novel stochastic pre-placement approach for concurrent congestion and wirelength estimation using the Rent's exponent of the circuit. The experiments illustrate that the proposed method can quickly and accurately estimate wirelength and congestion. Simulation results show that the average error of the proposed wirelength estimation technique is less than 7%. Moreover, it is shown that in presence of IP blocks using a congestion removal technique based on our congestion estimation method results in 12.8% decrease in overflow on average
Computed Tomography Angiography of the Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Splenic Circulation

Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) has become a routine imaging tool to assess visceral vascular anatomy and abdominal parenchymal pathology. Enhanced temporal resolution and rapid acquisition allow for precise delineation of arterial and venous anatomy. The excellent spatial resolution permits assessment of small parenchyma lesions and vasculature. The ability of CT to rapidly acquire data and reconstruct with thinner slices allows robust 3D mapping using maximum intensity projection before definitive surgical or interventional therapy. Emerging novel techniques of image acquisition offer sensitive methods for detecting enhancement and allow for virtual imaging subtraction, all while limiting the total radiation burden.
Computer Crime Investigations and Ethics

This chapter discusses what constitutes digital evidence, the collection and analysis of digital evidence, chain of custody, the writing of the report, and the possible appearance in court as an expert witness. We give an in-depth discussion of digital evidence acquisition rule of thumb and the candidates for evidence extraction. On preserving of evidence, a cornerstone of crime investigation, we note that since digital evidence is very fluid, in that it can disappear or change so fast, extra care must be taken in preserving digital evidence. We discuss the various techniques to preserve evidence and what needs to be done if evidence is to be moved. We stress the importance of careful analysis of digital evidence noting that this process is the most difficult and most opinionated. It is also the most important, most time-consuming, and painstakingly slow and should be thorough so that it can support or reject a fact based on identified patterns of activities, file signature anomalies, unusual behaviors, file transfers, and several other trends in the evidence. Final issues discussed in this chapter include the process of report writing and presentation and also the ethical implications and responsibilities of both the investigator and the lawyer. The role of the investigator, as the main player in the process, is discussed in depth in light of the absence of a legal and ethical framework for digital forensics investigators to work under. Specific guidelines like the United Kingdom Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO)’s “Good Practice Guide for Computer Based Electronic Evidence” and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800 series special publications are suggested.
Is a kantian musical formalism possible

In this article, I consider whether a suitably stripped-down version of Kant's aesthetic theory could nevertheless provide philosophical foundations for musical formalism. I begin by distinguishing between formalism as a view about the nature of music and formalism as an approach to music criticism, arguing that Kant's aesthetics only rules out the former. Then, using an example from the work of musicologist and composer Edward T. Cone, I isolate the characteristics of formalist music criticism. With this characterization in mind, I conclude by showing that even if Kant's aesthetic theory is reduced to its most fundamental claims, the logic of formalist music criticism precludes its practice within even a kantian perspective.
Re-Presenting Achilles: Rousseau's Illustrative Education in Emile

The primary object of Rousseau's educational project in Emile is the reader. Rousseau educates his reader by forcing a comparison between the children we know and his pupil Emile. One specific device Rousseau uses in this vein is the illustrations of the work. I analyze the first two engravings to Emile that feature Achilles. I argue that he nonetheless ultimately subverts the relationship between classical authority and his text by establishing a tension between the subject of the engravings, Achilles, and the subject of his book, his imaginary pupil, Emile. Comparing the two subjects leads the reader to question the classical understanding of human virtue and education represented by Achilles and replaces it with a new understanding. Rousseau's re-presentation of Achilles in the engravings to Emile suggests the novelty of Rousseau's project and indicates how he intends both text and illustration to educate the reader. My analysis of the engravings therefore illuminates their role in the work and also contributes to the understanding of the argument and structure of the work itself.
Predicting the Remaining Economic Life of Wastewater Pipes

Water plays a critical role in every aspect of civilization: agriculture, industry, economy, environment, recreation, transportation, culture, and health. While clean water and sanitary conditions remain an elusive luxury in many parts of the world, we, as Americans, take them for granted. Much of the United States' drinking water and wastewater infrastructure; however, is old and deteriorating. A crisis looms as our demands on these systems increase. The costs associated with renewal of these aging systems are staggering. There is a critical disconnect between the methodological remedies for infrastructure renewal problems and the current sequential or isolated manner of renewal analysis and execution. This demonstrates the need for a holistic systems perspective to address the renewal problem. Therefore, new tools are needed to provide support for water infrastructure decisions. Such decisions are necessary to sustain economic growth, environmental quality, and improved societal benefits. Accurate prediction of wastewater pipe structural and functional deterioration plays an essential role in asset management and capital improvement planning. The key to implementing an asset management strategy is a comprehensive understanding of asset condition, performance, and risk profile. The primary objective of this research is therefore to develop protocols and methods for predicting the remaining economic life of wastewater pipes. This report presents a development of a robust performance index for wastewater pipes, including physical/structural, operational/functional, environmental and other parameters, for not only the pipe, but also the entire pipe system. An analysis of data from participating utilities was conducted to establish the statistical significance of each parameter. These parameters are grouped into pipe properties, internal environment, and external environment. The proposed performance rating system evaluates each parameter and combines them mathematically through a weighted summation and a fuzzy* inference system that reflects the importance of the various factors. The Performance Index comprises of structural and functional index. Each index evaluates pipes in scale from zero to five. Zero indicates the worst condition, whereas five indicates the best condition. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series . ISBN: 9781780400464 (eBook)
Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multi-Way Relay Networks with Massive MIMO

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer for multi-way relay networks with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is investigated. By using two practically viable relay receiver designs, namely (i) the power splitting receiver and (ii) the time switching receiver, asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expressions are derived for an unlimited number of antennas at the relay. These asymptotic SINRs are then used to derive asymptotic symmetric sum rate expressions in closed-form. Notably, these asymptotic SINRs and sum rates become independent of radio frequency-to-direct current (RF-to-DC) conversion efficiency in the limit of infinitely many relay antennas. Moreover, the fundamental trade-off between the harvested energy and the achievable sum rate is quantified for both relay receiver structures. This analysis reveals that the transmit power of each user node can be scaled down inversely proportional to the number of relay antennas, and the corresponding asymptotic SINR and sum rate expressions become independent of the fast fading effects of the wireless channels. The presence of co-channel interference (CCI) can be exploited to be beneficial for energy harvesting at the relay, and consequently, the asymptotic harvested energy is an increasing function of the number of co-channel interferers. Nevertheless, the detrimental impact of CCI for signal decoding can be cancelled completely whenever the number of relay antennas grows without bound.
Factors affecting the growth of rickettsias of the spotted fever group in fertile hens' eggs.

results were obtained in eggs incubated before inoculation for 5 to 6 days at 39 C. Lower yields of rickettsias were obtained in 8 to 9-day-old embryos, and eggs incubated for less than 5 days were unsatisfactory because they uwere found to be too readily killed by the infectious agent or by the lower incubation temperature (35 C) to which they were subsequently subjected." In later studies by Fitzpatrick (1946) in which growth was evaluated by the examination of Macchiavello-stained
The St. Petersburg Wrist: A Prototype Powered Flexion Wrist Unit

This is the presentation of a prototype wrist, which has powered rotation and flexion. Powered flexion is an important addition to an externally powered prosthesis. Flexion and extension, along with rotation give the prosthesis two additional degrees of freedom, which when added to degrees of freedom for the shoulder and elbow yield a six-degree of freedom system. Six-degrees of freedom are important because they allow placement of the hand throughout the entire workspace. Without flexion, amputees cannot reach some positions, and must use compensatory motions for many other movements.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Interplay of MAOA and Peer Influences in Predicting Adult Criminal Behavior

Evidence concerning the ability of genetic risk factors to moderate the effects of environments has continued to accumulate over the last decade or so. For the behavioral sciences, this means that genetic risk factors might interact with environmental triggers to influence various human outcomes, including antisocial and aggressive behaviors. The current study seeks to further expand this line of inquiry by examining data drawn from the National Youth Survey Family Study. More specifically, we examined whether a polymorphism in the promoter region of the MAOA gene might condition the influence of exposure to deviant peer groups in the prediction of criminogenic behavior. Our findings offer some mixed evidence that genotype might condition the influence of delinquent peer affiliation on antisocial behavior during the course of human development.
Trans-regional and Transprovincial Trading Control Indices and Control Platform Technology

With the development of the ultra-high voltage(UHV)power grid,the trans-regional interconnection grid pattern is gradually shaping,which will develop from local balance to overall balance.The physically interconnected grid provides a carrier for the long distance mutual aid trans-regional and transprovincial trading.To effectively bring global optimization into play,reduce energy loss and electricity purchase cost,the smart grid supporting trans-regional and transprovincial trading control technology is proposed.Based on the supply chain method,group control theory,risk management theory and cost management theory,the trans-regional and transprovincial trading control indicator system is constructed by analyzing the pivotal physical and economic characteristics.And then,the process of the pre-trading space control,the mid-process control,execution control and post-trading evaluation control are formed.Finally,the control technology application is achieved by setting up the trading control platform.It can be seen from verification on the control platform that this method is able to promptly monitor the trans-regional and transprovincial trading state via an analysis of the data flow,information flow and electricity flow,and reduce the trading cost,safeguard the trading's rationality and compliance by optimizing the trading path and identifying the trading risk,promoting electricity trading's quick,accurate and intelligent decisions.
Five Cases of Wegener′s Granulomatosis in Children

Objective To study the clinical and laboratory features of Wegener′s granulomatosis (WG) in children in order to improve the management of it.Methods Clinical data of 5 inpatients with WG from 2002 to 2006 treated in Beijing children′s hospital was analyzed.Clinical manifestation,laboratory results,iconographic change and treatment lapses were analyzed retrospectively.Results Five children consisted of 3 male and 2 female.The average age was 11 years old,and the average interval from clinical symptom presentation to diagnosis was 6.4 months.1.The clinical behaviors and corresponding number of children were listed as following:nasosinusitis 5 cases, leucitis 1 case, parotid intumescence 1 case, coughing 4 cases, emptysis combined with dyspnea 1 case, arthralgia 2 cases, rash 2 cases, and diarrhea 2 cases.2.Laboratory examination showed characteristics of WG and corresponding number of patients,listed as following: proteinuria or (and) hematuria 5 cases,Hb level lower than 110 g/L 3 cases, strongly positive antieutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 1 case, positive anti-PR3 antibody 4 cases and positive RF 3 cases.One child showed multiplication of staphylococcus in hemoculture examination.3.Accessory nasal sinuses X-ray or CT examination indicated thickening of mucosa for all 5 children.In thoracic X-ray or CT examination,4 children showed shadow and (or) node,1 showed pleural effusion, and 1 showed cavity.In echocardiography, coronary artery widened slighted in internal diameter was found in 1 child.4.For the treatment lapses:4 children received i.v.pulse of methylprednisolone 15-30 mg /(kg·d ) for 3 days,followed by oral prednisone 2 mg/(kg·d ) and i.v.pulse of cyclophosphamide 600-800 mg/m2 once per month.Two patients were followed up for 8-15 months,and they were found to be improved significantly.Conclusions Clinical features of WG in children,like those of adults,show as multiple organ and system lesions,most commonly as lesions in upper-lower respiratory tract and kidney.Although corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide treatment may achieve good outcome,the long term prognosis needs further studies.
Evaluating the Relationships Among Teacher Characteristics, Implementation Factors, and Student Outcomes of Children Participating in an Experiential School-Based Nutrition Program

The purpose of this study was to examine whether teacher characteristics and implementation factors influenced the effectiveness of a multicomponent nutrition education program to improve nutrition...
Accuracy and Precision Analysis of the Graph Complexity Connectivity Method

Abstract For a given electro-mechanical product, represented using assembly models and function structures, the assembly time (AT) and market value (MV) are influenced by complexity of the product. Given the AT and MV of a set of known products, complexity values can be used to predicted AT and MV for a set of unknown products using an Artificial Neural Network. This paper presents a precision analysis of four prediction models that are a combination of the aforementioned design representations and AT and MV. A sensitivity analysis of the complexity metrics was done using Multiple Linear Regression, and a set of significant metrics was identified. Lastly, a comparison of accuracy and precision for the four prediction models obtained using this set of sensitivity analysis is presented.
Multisyllabic Word-Reading Instruction With and Without Motivational Beliefs Training for Struggling Readers in the Upper Elementary Grades: A Pilot Investigation

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial focused on 59 struggling readers in the third and fourth grades (30 female, 29 male) and examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at increasing students’ multisyllabic word reading (MWR). The study also explored the relative effects of an embedded motivational beliefs (MB) training component. Struggling readers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: MWR only, MWR with an MB component (MWR + MB), or business-as-usual control. Students were tutored in small groups in 24 sessions, three 40-minute lessons each week. Students in both MWR groups outperformed the control group on measures of word-reading fluency. MWR + MB students outperformed MWR only on sentence-level comprehension and outperformed the control group in ratings of attributions for success in reading. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to MWR instruction for students with persistent reading difficulties and the potential for enhancing intervention through targeting motivation.
Teaching NeuroImages: Fahr syndrome caused by hypoparathyroidism.

A 57-year-old woman with a remote history of thyroidectomy but no prior neurologic symptoms developed seizures, fever, and coma. Limited evaluation at her local hospital in rural Haiti demonstrated serum hypocalcemia (4 mg/dL) and extensive bilateral subcortical calcification in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres on CT (figure). This pattern of calcification can occur in inherited conditions such as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr disease) and acquired conditions (referred to as Fahr syndrome) including parathyroid dysfunction and intrauterine infection.1,2 Given our patient's severe hypocalcemia, Fahr syndrome was attributed to presumed hypoparathyroidism related to prior thyroidectomy in her case.