cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of the U.S. Urban System

At least since the North-Tiebout debate of the 1950s there has been a tradition of cross-fertilizaton between regional science and economic history to the benefit of both fields. Although numerous landmark studies mark this symbiosis, one specific study deserves particular mention: Regions, Resources and Economic Growth by Harvey S. Perloff, Edgar S. Dunn, Jr., Eric E. Lampard, and Richard F. Muth (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1960). That book, by combining a massive data collection and refinement effort with the then emerging shift/share technique of regional science, provided a comprehensive picture and causal examination of variations in U.S. regional growth patterns between 1870 and 1954. It represents a direct harbinger of Edgar S. Dunn, Jr.'s twovolume study presently under review. At the most superficial level, The Development of the U.S. Urban System extends the earlier work into the 1940-1970 time frame by applying shift/share analysis to decennial census regional/industrial employment statistics. This study, however, seeks to accomplish much more for, as Dunn points out in his preface to Volume 1, "[e]xplanation is always rooted in the conceptual images we bring to a field of study [and i]n the field of urban and regional development . .. the literature offers only a highly fragmented and disassociated set of concepts" (p.xv). The goal of the study is therefore to provide a unifying framework with which to analyze spatial growth patterns and to apply the conceptual apparatus developed to a period of rapid change in the U.S. economy. As such the study is more than an exercise in quantitative economic history; it also presents a new methodology and attempts to reorient the way we look at urban systems. In keeping with these objectives, Part I of Volume 1 (consisting of four chapters) aims at modifying our approach to urban and regional development. Although it is impossible here to capture all of the nuances of Dunn's approach, several salient features can be highlighted. The author prefers to view the urban system in a relational (versus classificational) manner. The urban structure is seen as a complex set of overlapping and intersecting informationand physical-processing networks. It follows that, although regions should be defined in a behavioral/relational manner, our penchant for adopting classification schemes results in imperfect network closure. Arguing against the reality and efficacy of classical general equilibrium and central place theories, Dunn contends that the underlying transaction networks still result in both a hierarchical and systemic urban pattern. In investigating the sources of urban change (in Dunn's view modern society contains no nonurban relational activities) an important distinction is made between growth and development. Growth is defined as " . . . those adaptations to environmental change made within the context of established ways of behaving . . . " (p.14). It is a scalar
Manufacturing Defects Common to Composite Wind Turbine Blades: Effects of Defects

The Blade Reliability Collaborative has been formed to perform comprehensive studies to improve wind turbine blade reliability. One of these studies is to characterize common manufacturing defects and to establish damage growth and validation tools to contribute to a reliability infrastructure. The Effects of Defects portion of this study has been divided into a three round study with this initial round focusing on statically testing small-scale representative samples. Laminates were manufactured with no defects and to include waves and porosity in both a 0° and a ±45° ply configuration. Four layers of a typical, primarily uni-directional wind turbine fiber-reinforced composite material with an epoxy resin were utilized for all test groups. Static testing was performed in both tension and compression. The damage sequence in each test group was consistent and appeared to involve matrix cracking, ply delamination, load redistribution and ultimately ply failure in most cases. Laminates with defects manufactured were generally found to have decreased properties, though in some cases properties remained constant or increases were noted. The results of this portion of the study can be used to not only initially estimate knockdowns, but also as convergence points for analytical modeling efforts.
MULTIPLEX URINARY TESTS FOR BLADDER CANCER DIAGNOSIS

The development of accurate and reliable molecular assays that could diagnose bladder cancer would be of significant benefit to both patients and the healthcare system. Non-invasive assays that have utility not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring disease recurrence and response to treatment, are needed. Current urinary tests lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity, often because of a reliance on single biomarkers, but high-throughput technologies are enabling the derivation of more accurate panels of biomarkers. In this article, we review some of the promising investigational studies that are revealing multiplex biomarker signatures that may augment current bladder cancer detection strategies.
REVIEW: Field Pea Grain for Beef Cattle

ABSTRACT Field pea (Pisum sativum) grain is a nutrient-dense grain legume that is a palatable source of CP (25.3%), energy (1.48 NE g Mcal/kg), and other nutrients for beef cattle. Field pea grain is highly digestible, but the starch fermentation and ruminal protein degradation rates are slower than for several other common feeds. Increased DMI has been observed in some studies with the inclusion of field pea grain in the ration. Apparently field pea grain does not need to be processed for beef cows. In backgrounding and finishing rations, processing field pea grain has produced mixed results, but dry-rolling may contribute to improved animal performance. In creep feeds, 30 to 40% field pea grain (DM basis) may be optimum for animal performance. The inclusion of field pea grain in postweaning receiving rations has resulted in increased DMI. As a protein supplement for feeder cattle, field pea grain can be included at 15 to 30% of the ration (DM basis); however, growing and finishing cattle can utilize field pea grain as both a protein and energy source. Inclusion of field pea grain at a minimum of 10% of the finishing diet improved the tenderness and juiciness of beef without affecting carcass traits. Field pea grain is an excellent pellet binder. Beef cattle producers with access to field pea grain at competitive prices should consider using this grain legume in their ration formulations.
Metyrapone response in pregnancy

Abstract A group of patients were studied at varying times of gestation with the metyrapone suppression test to measure pituitary-adrenal responsiveness during pregnancy. Nine of the 12 patients studied showed a diminished response to metyrapone while the other 3 appeared to demonstrate a normal response. The mechanism for this diminished pituitary-adrenal response, after metyrapone administration in pregnant patients remains unexplained.
Sex and the Single Chromosome

In the late 1800s, microscopists began noting condensed chromatin pieces embedded in a generally diffused chromatin matrix of interphase nuclei. These condensed chromatin bodies have been known as the chromocenters. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Emil Heitz made a series of careful cytological observations on a number of organisms and concluded that there are two major types of chromatin: euchromatin, which condenses during cell division and decondenses (becoming diffused) during interphase, and heterochromatin, which remains condensed all the time. The chromocenters are equivalent to the heterochromatin. However, it was difficult to identify the chromosomal locations of heterochromatin because at metaphase, when the chromosome morphology is the best, both euchromatin and heterochromatin are fully condensed. In interphase, when differentiation is best, recognition of individual chromosomes is not feasible. Heitz determined the locations of heterochromatin by using prometaphasic chromosomes. Here, the chromosomes are morphologically identifiable yet the euchromatin is not fully condensed. In Drosophila melanogaster, heterochromatin is located in the proximal third of the X chromosome, the entire Y chromosome and the centromeric areas of the autosomes.
Flow evaporimeter to assess evaporative resistance of human tear-film lipid layer

A novel in vivo flow evaporimeter is developed to measure human tear-evaporation rates. The flow evaporimeter relies on a well-defined flow field to the eye with known and adjustable flow rates and relative humidities, and quantitatively reproduces evaporation rates for pure water. Mass-transfer analysis of the evaporimeter data elucidates, for the first time, the resistance of the human tear-film lipid layer (TFLL) toward minimizing tear loss to the environment. A pilot study on human subjects validates the feasibility of the flow evaporimeter to obtain the tear-film evaporation rates in vivo. Resistance of the TFLL against tear evaporation is found subject specific. Our flow evaporimeter offers an accurate, safe, and convenient diagnostic tool for clinical evaluation of dry-eye-related maladies.
Erythrocyte distribution in arterial blood flow. 3. Physiological considerations

The Rashevsky Principle of Adequate Design is employed in conjunction with the hypothesis of constant hematocrit throughout the arterial tree to give an estimate of the most likely position for an erythrocyte in an artery. The result accords with the experimental work of Segre and Silberberg (1962).
Radiation therapy (with or without neck surgery) for phenotypic human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer

BACKGROUND Favorable outcomes for human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer have led to interest in identifying a subgroup of patients with the lowest risk of disease recurrence after therapy. De-intensification of therapy for this group may result in survival outcomes that are similar to those associated with current therapy but with less toxicity. To advance this effort, this study analyzed the outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with or without systemic therapy. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated between 1985 and 2012. The criteria for inclusion were ≤10 pack-years of cigarette smoking and stage III/IVA cancer limited to T1-3, N1-N2b, and T3N0 disease. A survival analysis was performed with the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS The cohort included 857 patients. Systemic therapy was given to 439 patients (51%). The median survival was 80 months. The 2-year PFS rate was 91%. When the analysis was limited to 324 patients irradiated without systemic therapy, the 2- and 5-year PFS rates were 90% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, for these 324 patients, the 5-year PFS rates for T1, T2, and T3 disease were 90%, 83%, and 70%, respectively. The 5-year PFS rate for patients treated with systemic therapy for T3 disease was 77% (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS According to the low-risk definition currently established in cooperative trials, the patients had a 2-year PFS rate approximating 90%. When patients who were treated with radiation alone were evaluated, no compromise was observed in this high rate of PFS, which is higher than the 2-year PFS thresholds used in current cooperative trials. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATS ON BLOOD COAGULATION IN MINIATURE PIGS.

SummaryMiniature pigs maintained for one year on diets containing 15% of either beef tallow or safflower oil did not exhibit lipemia in the fasting state, yet the clotting time was much shorter in the tallow group than in the safflower group. The clotting time was shortened 3 hours after ingestion of either fat, but the effect produced by the saturated fat was much more pronounced than that produced by the unsaturated fat. The recalcified plasma clotting time was also a satisfactory measure of the increase in coagulability brought about by dietary fats, and served to detect differences in coagulability brought about by saturated and unsaturated fats.
Composition and Structure of Spark Eroded Porous Silicon

Porous silicon which has been prepared by a “dry” technique, that is, by spark erosion, yields similar photoluminescence spectra as anodically etched porous silicon which has been prepared in aqueous solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectra reveal that the dominant features in spark eroded silicon are the Si-O-Si stretching mode and the Si-O-Si bending mode. No infrared vibrational modes characteristic for siloxene have been found in spark eroded Si. Results from X-ray and electron diffraction studies suggest that spark eroded Si involves minute polycrystalline silicon particles which are imbedded in an amorphous matrix.
Comparative Freezing Response of Ejaculated and Epididymal Rhesus Monkey Sperm

In the present study, we report the effects of cooling ejaculated and epididymal rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) sperm in the presence of extracellular. Water transport data during freezing of ejaculated and epididymal sperm cell suspensions were obtained at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min in the absence of any cryoprotective agents. Additional water transport data was obtained from ejaculated sperm at a cooling of 5 °C/min without CPAs and at 20 °C/min in the presence of 0.7M of glycerol, as well. Using previously published values, the bovine sperm cell was modeled as a cylinder of length 73.83 μm and a radius of 0.32 μm with an osmotically inactive cell volume, Vb, of 0.772Vo, where Vo is the isotonic cell volume. The subzero water transport response is analyzed to determine the variables governing the rate of water loss during cooling of bovine spermatozoa, i.e. the membrane permeability parameters (reference membrane permeability, Lpg and activation energy, ELp). The predicted best-fit permeability parameters ranged from, Lpg = 0.0023 to 0.0029 μm/min-atm and ELp = 10.6 to 45.5 kcal/mol. The subzero water transport response and consequently the subzero water transport parameters are not significantly different between the ejaculated and epididymal macaque spermatozoa under corresponding cooling conditions.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Business of Slavery and the Rise of American Capitalism, 1815–1860

From the first line of The Business of Slavery and the Rise of American Capitalism, 1815–1860, Calvin Schermerhorn makes his argument clear: “The business of slavery in the early United States was ...
Endoscopic management of sinonasal tumors: a preliminary report.

Background The increased experience with the endoscopic approach to sinonasal inflammatory disease has resulted in the increased use of endoscopes to manage many different sinonasal pathologies. Methods A chart review of patients with sinonasal tumors treated with primary endoscopic management, from January, 1993 to November, 2003 was performed. Results Forty patients were identified (26 men and 14 women). The mean age was 53.2 years, and the mean follow-up was 31.1 months. For benign tumors, 24 patients were identified with a mean age of 50.7 years, a mean follow-up of 17.5 months, and a recurrence rate of 4.2%. For malignant tumors, 16 patients were identified, with a mean age of 57.3 years, a mean follow-up of 51.5 months, and a recurrence rate of 31.3%. The overall survival rate was 87.5%. Conclusion Endoscopic surgical excision of selective sinonasal tumors may be an effective therapeutic modality. In some cases, adjuvant external procedures may be required based on tumor location.
The extraordinary joint material of an articulated coralline alga. II. Modeling the structural basis of its mechanical properties.

By incorporating joints into their otherwise rigid fronds, erect coralline algae have evolved to be as flexible as other seaweeds, which allows them to thrive – and even dominate space – on wave-washed shores around the globe. However, to provide the required flexibility, the joint tissue of Calliarthron cheilosporioides , a representative articulated coralline alga, relies on an extraordinary tissue that is stronger, more extensible and more fatigue resistant than that of other algae. Here, we used the results from recent experiments to parameterize a conceptual model that links the microscale architecture of cell walls to the adaptive mechanical properties of joint tissue. Our analysis suggests that the theory of discontinuous fiber-wound composite materials (with cellulose fibrils as the fibers and galactan gel as the matrix) can explain key aspects of the material's mechanics. In particular, its adaptive viscoelastic behavior can be characterized by two, widely separated time constants. We speculate that the short time constant (∼14 s) results from the viscous response of the matrix to the change in cell-wall shape as a joint is stretched, a response that allows the material both to remain flexible and to dissipate energy as a frond is lashed by waves. We propose that the long time constant (∼35 h), is governed by the shearing of the matrix between cellulose fibrils. The resulting high apparent viscosity ensures that joints avoid accumulating lethal deformation in the course of a frond's lifetime. Our synthesis of experimental measurements allows us to draw a chain of mechanistic inference from molecules to cell walls to fronds and community ecology.
Making federal work-study work: Four steps that one library uses to hire students

Recommandations pour embaucher des edudiants dans une bibliotheque dans le cadre des emplois finances par les autorites federales (programme travail-etudes)
WeCareAdvisor™: The Development of a Caregiver-focused, Web-based Program to Assess and Manage Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Background/objectives Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are nearly universal in dementia and associated with multiple negative outcomes. Current real-world management is largely pharmacologic, despite poor risk/benefit. The WeCareAdvisor was designed to enable family caregivers to assess, manage, and track BPSD using nonpharmacologic strategies. Design In-depth qualitative data were collected from family caregivers of people with dementia to inform: (1) style of approach and "look and feel" of the tool, and (2) the types of psychoeducation most needed by caregivers. Results We conducted 4 focus groups and a technology survey (n=26) as well as additional individual semistructured interviews (n=12) with family caregivers. Main themes of the qualitative work included: (1) need to minimize difficulty and training time; (2) importance of "one-stop shopping" for information; and (3) necessity for information to be tailored to the caregiver and person with dementia. This information was then combined with effective existing evidence-based behavioral strategies to create a web-based tailored caregiver-support tool. Conclusions The WeCareAdvisor was designed with input on functionality and content by end-users, family caregivers. The randomized controlled trial of WeCareAdvisor will test whether the tool improves outcomes including caregiver upset and burden and frequency and severity of BPSD.
Graduate School and Fellowship Discussion

This was a presentation presented for the Los Alamos Dynamics Summer School. This is a set of slides about how to prepare for college, specifically graduate school. It gives instructions for succeeding and getting into a good school with financial aid through assistantships and scholarships, specifically applying to engineering backgrounds. Also, there are tips given for applying for fellowships and concludes with some general recommendations for graduate school.
Competing causes of mortality in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer.

6001 Background: Most head and neck cancers (HNC) recur within the first 3 yrs of diagnosis. Patients who live beyond this time point continue to have an excess risk of mortality. We investigated t...
Learning from My Mentor

I decided that I wanted to be a teacher after spending the summer between my sophomore and junior years of college as a camp counselor at an oceanography day camp in Bermuda. When I returned to Williams, I enrolled in Susan Engel’s Psychology of Education course. Susan introduced me to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, and, of course, Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory. The readings interested me and affirmed my decision to enter the field of education, but they didn’t particularly inspire me. That was perfectly fine with me. I wasn’t looking to theory for inspiration; I found plenty of that in the classroom. But then a funny thing happened when I returned home to Bermuda for Thanksgiving. I had recently celebrated my 21st birthday, and my step-mother gave me a copy of Creating Minds, by Howard Gardner. I’m still not sure if she selected the book because of Howard’s connection to education, or if she simply thought I would enjoy reading the biographies of some of the 20th century’s most creative figures. For my part, I was surprised — and intrigued — to see a name from a course reading list show up on the cover of a popular book. As a scholar of education, I admit somewhat sheepishly that it was Creating Minds and not Frames of Mind, Intelligences Reframed, or The Disciplined Mind that brought me to Howard and Appian Way, first as a master’s student in 2001, then as a doctoral student in 2005. Though I was an English major and had grown up devouring books, I had never been inspired by a book quite in this way. My inspiration came from Howard’s use of a compelling theoretical framework — MI Theory — to provide new insight into relatively well-trodden subject matter: the distinctive creativity and genius of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Graham, and Gandhi. By the time I had finished the chapter on Martha Graham, I knew with the certainty that only a 21 year-old can have that I must — and would — study with this Howard Gardner and learn to think and write like he does. The fact that Howard was based at an education school only re-affirmed this certainty.
Essential Nutrient Additions for Algal Bioremediation of Reverse Osmosis Treated Landfill Leachate

Liquid wastes from landfills, termed landfill leachates, must be managed on a daily basis and for many years after a landfill is closed. Reverse osmosis (RO) is an experimental method for landfill leachate treatment. At the Alachua County Southwest Landfill, the process uses a two-stage RO filtration system to reduce ammoniacal nitrogen to groundwater cleanup target levels. Pairing RO with algal bioremediation may eliminate the need for the second RO treatment step. Primary RO treatment removes nutrients essential for algal growth and therefore adding nutrients to primary RO permeate should increase both algal growth rates and bioremediation rates. The alga Scenedesmus sp. was cultured in primary RO treated landfill leachate with elemental additions and compared with a control. A customized nutrient medium containing essential macro and micronutrients was shown to provide increased algal growth and remediation rates. Landfill leachate was tested as a source of micronutrients and shown to provide equivalent growth and remediation as the customized micronutrient solution, suggesting that low concentrations of landfill leachate may be a viable option as a micronutrient supplement to support algal bioremediation of RO treated landfill leachate.
Simulation training in neurosurgery: advances in education and practice

The current simulation technology used for neurosurgical training leaves much to be desired. Significant efforts are thoroughly exhausted in hopes of developing simulations that translate to give learners the "real-life" feel. Though a respectable goal, this may not be necessary as the application for simulation in neurosurgical training may be most useful in early learners. The ultimate uniformly agreeable endpoint of improved outcome and patient safety drives these investments. We explore the development, availability, educational taskforces, cost burdens and the simulation advancements in neurosurgical training. The technologies can be directed at achieving early resident milestones placed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. We discuss various aspects of neurosurgery disciplines with specific technologic advances of simulation software. An overview of the scholarly landscape of the recent publications in the realm of medical simulation and virtual reality pertaining to neurologic surgery is provided. We analyze concurrent concept overlap between PubMed headings and provide a graphical overview of the associations between these terms.
Leader Developmental Readiness: Deconstructed and Reconstructed

Individuals high on leader developmental readiness experience the largest gains in leader development outcomes as a result of formal programming or stretch experiences. Leader developmental readiness is a theoretical framework defined by the three pillars of ability to develop, motivation to develop, and a context supportive of development. We deconstruct the three pillars into their parts, some which scholars previously associated with leader developmental readiness and some that we propose as new contributors to the domain of leader development. By doing so, we demonstrate that leader developmental readiness provides a flexible overarching framework for understanding the process of leader development. Finally, we assert that interactions among the three pillars reconstruct leader developmental readiness into a higher order construct predictive of leader development outcomes and ripe for future research.
Markers for Neuronal Cilia

Primary cilia were first detected on neurons in the mammalian brain over 40 years ago using electron microscopy. However, this approach is very labor intensive and has inherent limitations that restrict its utility for studying neuronal cilia. While the study of cilia in other tissues was greatly facilitated by the identification of specific ciliary markers, historically there have been no markers for neuronal cilia. Fortunately, recent developments make the study of neuronal cilia more practical. First, specific proteins have been shown to selectively localize to neuronal cilia and can serve as markers by immunolabeling. Second, neurons have been shown to possess cilia in culture, which allows for the use of additional approaches, such as live-cell imaging of neuronal cilia. This chapter provides an overview of the current techniques for visualizing neuronal cilia in tissue as well as fixed and living cells. These approaches allow for the identification of additional neuronal ciliary proteins and provide a basis for future functional studies.
Nonlinearities, Biodiversity Conservation, and Sustainable Forest Management

There are two broad approaches for jointly producing timber and conserving biodiversity in forests: segregated management, in which timber production is emphasized in some parts of the forest and biodiversity conservation in others, and integrated management, in which conservation measures are incorporated into logging regimes. Nonlinearities in forestry production sets affect the relative economic superiority of these two approaches. Such nonlinearities can result from economic, institutional, and ecological factors. They can cause segregated management to be superior to integrated management even in forests comprised of identical stands. The policy relevance of this and other effects of nonlinearities on spatial aspects of forestry management depends, however, on the relative values of biodiversity and timber.
Phylogenetic Relationships of Saccharinae and Sorghinae

Multiple taxonomic and phylogenetic studies have been conducted on sugarcane, Miscanthus, and sorghum, but to date the results have been contradictory and somewhat confusing. A few generalities have emerged. The Andropogoneae is clearly monophyletic. Saccharum and Miscanthus are closely related to each other. Their relationship with Sorghum is less clear, although they are probably more closely related to Sorghum than any of them is to maize or to Andropogon and its immediate relatives. The phylogeny of Andropogoneae is largely unresolved, which leads to a number of problems of taxonomic nomenclature. The solution will require considerably more phylogenetic data on a much broader set of species than has been sampled to date.
Nuclear Cell Regulatory Mechanism in Cerebral Ischemia and Anoxia

In cerebral ischemia and anoxia, the depletion of oxygen supply promptly results in a rapid decline of the high energy source, such as adenosine triphosphate or creatine phosphate. However, the effect of reduction in energy state on the transcription step within the nuclear cell regulatory mechanism and the translation step at the polyribosomal level has not been well investigated. Since prolonged cerebral ischemia and anoxia result in irreversible cellular damage leading to cerebral infarction, the disturbance of the macro-molecular regulatory mechanism may play an important role in the reversibility of these pathophysiological conditions. In the past several years, the effort of our laboratory has been focused on the effects of cerebral ischemia and anoxia on the transcription and translation steps, and on comparison of cerebral ischemia and anoxia. For these purposes, we have utilized gerbils as an experimental model for cerebral ischemia and rabbits for an in vitro model of cerebral anoxia. In this communication, protein synthesis with brain slices in vitro, polypeptide synthesis with isolated microsomes, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and phosphorylation of chromatin protein will be compared in cerebral ischemia and anoxia.
Random Walks, Harmonic Measure, and Laplacian Growth Models

A number of problems arise in mathematical physics which deal directly or indirectly with harmonic measure, i.e., with hitting probabilities of simple random walks. The more difficult problems involve understanding the nature of harmonic measure at points on fractal-like sets. We will describe a number of these problems in this paper — intersectionprobabilities of random walks; random walks grown using harmonic measure (loop-erased or Laplacian random walk); and clusters grown using harmonic measure (diffusion limited aggregation and related models). There is a large range of open problems in describing these random walks and clusters rigorously.
Impact of Hurricane Katrina on healthcare delivery for New Orleans patients, 2005–2014

Background and objectives Hematology/oncology patients have special health needs. To identify barriers to care, we surveyed patients/parents at Children's Hospital of New Orleans 1 year after Hurricane Katrina. We then implemented a "Hurricane Action Plan"-identification of families' evacuation plans at each hurricane season's onset; of hospital(s) and pharmacies in the intended evacuation area; updating roadmaps/treatment plans; giving information to families requiring hematology/oncology services in evacuation areas. Administration of a second survey was initiated 7 years post Katrina to assess the efficacy of the "Hurricane Action Plan." Methods Both surveys were conducted on random patients attending Children's Hospital. Survey #1 was performed in 2006, while survey #2 was conducted in 2013-2014. Results Eighty-nine percent of 124 families left New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina; only 50% had an evacuation plan. Twenty-five percent of families had difficulty physically accessing care; others (13%) could not find a hematology/oncology provider for follow-up and had difficulty reaching their primary provider or making appointments. An additional 25 percent did not have access to medical records. There was no access to mental health services. Eighty- two patients/representatives were surveyed in 2013/2014; 72% of families were evacuated during subsequent hurricane seasons with 78% of families having an evacuation plan. Thirty-six percent of patients had a roadmap/treatment plan with them; 71% had a 2-week medication supply. Ninety-two percent found information given to them by providers helpful. Conclusions Interventions instituted to allow greater access to care by our hematology/oncology patients after Hurricane Katrina resulted in better preparedness, easier acquisition of information, and possibly better continuity of care.
Early academic gaps and Title I programming in high poverty, high minority schools

Abstract Since 1965 the purpose of Title I of the federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act has been to improve the educational outcomes of economically disadvantaged students and reduce achievement gaps. This paper presents analysis of data from a nationally representative sample of African American and Latinx kindergartners who attended public schools operating school-wide Title I programs in the 2010–11 school year. The purpose of analysis was to examine the associations between Title I programming and achievement gaps. The results indicated that African American students in high poverty, high minority schools made greater gains in reading in schools that used Title I for reduced class size. African American and Latinx students in high poverty, high minority schools made greater gains in mathematics in schools that used Title I for professional development. Findings were scrutinized via propensity score weighting, which revealed the tangled nature of school context, child and family characteristics, and student learning. Suggestions for future research include random assignment studies and local partnerships to determine effective uses of Title I monies.
Establishing a Generalized Repertoire of Initiating Bids for Joint Attention in Children with Autism

The current study evaluated whether multiple-exemplar training, auditory scripts, and script-fading procedures could establish a generalized repertoire of initiating bids for joint attention in fou...
Emergence of preconfigured and plastic time-compressed sequences in early postnatal development

When and how hippocampal neuronal ensembles first organize to support encoding and consolidation of memory episodes, a critical cognitive function of the brain, are unknown. We recorded electrophysiological activity from large ensembles of hippocampal neurons starting on the first day after eye opening as naive rats navigated linear environments and slept. We found a gradual age-dependent, navigational experience–independent assembly of preconfigured trajectory-like sequences from persistent, location-depicting ensembles during postnatal week 3. Adult-like compressed binding of adjacent locations into trajectories during navigation and their navigational experience–dependent replay during sleep emerged in concert from spontaneous preconfigured sequences only during early postnatal week 4. Our findings reveal ethologically relevant distinct phases in the development of hippocampal preconfigured and experience-dependent sequential patterns thought to be important for episodic memory formation.
The Comprehension of Verbal Humor by Visually Impaired Children.

This study compared the ability of 51 visually impaired and 51 sighted children, aged 7#15, to comprehend verbal humor presented to them in the form of jokes and nonjokes. It found that visually im...
FRI0130 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND DISEASE ACTIVITY IN US VETERANS WITH EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RECEIVING METHOTREXATE

Background: Depression is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and exacerbates disease activity and may reduce response to first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Objectives: To determine whether depression affects disease activity in patients with early RA treated with methotrexate (MTX). Methods: Patients in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis registry with early RA (onset Results: Depression was associated with significantly greater DAS-28 at 6 months (β=0.36; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.69) but not at 1- or 2-years follow-up (Table 1). Associations for DAS-28 component measures were smaller in magnitude, decreased over time, and not statistically significant. Depression was also associated with significantly greater pain at both 6 months (β=0.47; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.82) and 1-year (β=0.42; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.82) follow-up but not the PRGA or MDHAQ at any assessed time interval. Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that depression is associated with less robust short-term response to MTX, and despite clinical RA treatment, more persistent and severe pain. Depression in RA patients may be a risk factor for primary non-response to MTX treatment, and interventions targeted at treating depression could result in better initial RA disease control and DMARD persistence. Acknowledgement: This material is based on upon work supported (or supported in part) by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, VA Maryland Health Care System, and Baltimore VA Medical Center. Disclosure of Interests: Alan Rathbun: None declared, Bryant England: None declared, Ted Mikuls: None declared, Alice Ryan: None declared, Jennifer Barton: None declared, Michelle Shardell: None declared, Joseph Gallo: None declared, Elizabeth Stuart: None declared, Marc Hochberg Shareholder of: BriOri Biotech, Theralogix LLC., Consultant for: Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Novartis Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc., Samumed LLC, Symic Bio Inc., Theralogix LLC, TissueGene Inc., TLC Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Zynerba, Galapagos, IQVIA, Hoffman LaRoche.
Severity of Early Life Stress Moderates the Effect of Fine Particle Air Pollution on Adolescent Brain Development

Air pollution is currently the greatest environmental threat to public health, but we know little about its effects on adolescent brain development. In this context, exposure to air pollution co-occurs, and could interact, with social factors that also affect brain development, such as early life stress (ELS). Here, we show that severity of ELS moderates the association between fine particle air pollution (particulate matter 2.5; PM2.5) and structural brain development. We interviewed adolescents about ELS, used census-tract data to characterize PM2.5 concentrations, and conducted longitudinal tensor-based morphometry to assess regional changes in brain volume over a two-year period. Across various cortical, thalamic, and white matter tract regions, there was a remarkably consistent effect of PM2.5 on volumetric change for adolescents who had experienced less, rather than more, severe ELS. Furthermore, exposure to higher levels of PM2.5 and experiencing moderate to severe ELS were associated with comparable volumetric changes in the brain in adolescence.
Leaving Your Legacy: You Don't Need to Win a Nobel Prize to Inspire the Next Generation

It is a widely known and highly concerning fact that women remain underrepresented in the science and engineering workforce. This gender imbalance is not as severe as it once was, but wide disparities remain, especially in engineering, computer science, and the physical sciences. The underrepresentation of women in science classes and in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers continues to be a compelling and puzzling issue. Female scientists and engineers are concentrated in different occupations than men, with relatively high rates of women in the social sciences (60%) and in biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences (48%). Meanwhile, rates of women are relatively low in engineering (15%) and computer and mathematical sciences (26%) [1]. Women make up half of the total U.S. college-educated workforce but only 28% of the science and engineering workforce. If we look at a younger age group, only a shocking 7% of teenage girls in the United States say they intend to work in science, engineering, and technology when they are older, according to a survey conducted by the Committee of 200, an association of the most powerful women in business, and the Simmons College School of Management in Boston [2].
Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivor Wellness: Development of a Web-Based Intervention

Background Informational and supportive care resources are needed for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors. Objectives The aim of this article is to adapt and evaluate a previously developed survivorship care website for HL survivors. Methods A mixed-methods, user-centered design, including one-time focus groups, was followed by iterative web design and user testing. Transcripts were content analyzed, and survey responses were summarized. Findings HL survivors need survivorship care education and support. Tailored web-based resources may be an effective adjunct to clinical care. The Survivor Wellness website is a usable web-based resource for HL survivors that may facilitate survivorship care.
Management of a Patient with Complicated Adventitial Cystic Disease of the Popliteal Artery

Interposition vein grafting was performed in a patient with adventitial cystic disease with thrombus of the popliteal artery probably due to extrinsic compression. Vein graft failed after 8 months. Thrombolysis with TPA and deployment of covered stent with angioplasty resulted in patency extending over 7 years.
Social Work and Social Welfare: A Human Rights Foundation

Beginning in 1996, when welfare reform in the U.S. historically ended the entitlement to public assistance, a conversation began among social policy professors in U.S. schools of social work about ...
IL23 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages, Which Are Reduced With the IBD-Protective IL23R R381Q Variant.

Background & Aims Interleukin (IL)23 is a major contributor to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis and is being pursued as a therapeutic target, both through targeting IL23 alone or in combination with IL12. Unexpected trial outcomes highlight the importance of understanding the cell types through which IL23 regulates immune responses, and how IL23 and IL12 compare in these responses. Macrophages are key players in IBD, and IL23 recently was found to promote inflammatory outcomes in human macrophages. This raises the possibility that IL23 may be required for additional essential macrophage functions, in particular microbial clearance, such that either blocking the IL23 pathway or the IL23R–R381Q IBD-protective variant may reduce macrophage-mediated microbial clearance. Methods We analyzed protein expression, signaling, bacterial uptake, and intracellular bacterial clearance in human monocyte-derived macrophages through Western blot, flow cytometry, and gentamicin protection. Results Autocrine/paracrine IL23 was critical for optimal levels of pattern-recognition-receptor (PRR)-induced intracellular bacterial clearance in human macrophages. Mechanisms regulated by IL23 included induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1-dependent bacterial uptake, and up-regulation of reactive oxygen species through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase members, nitric oxide synthase 2, and autophagy through ATG5 and ATG16L1. Complementing these pathways in IL23R-deficient macrophages restored PRR-induced bacterial uptake and clearance. Janus kinase 2, TYK2, and STAT3 were required for IL23-induced mechanisms. IL23 and IL12 induced antimicrobial pathways to similar levels in human macrophages. Relative to IL23R–R381, transfected IL23R–Q381, or monocyte-derived macrophages from IL23R–Q381 carriers showed reduced bacterial uptake and clearance. Conclusions We identify that autocrine/paracrine IL23 is required for optimal PRR-enhanced macrophage bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial clearance, define mechanisms regulating IL23R-induced bacterial clearance, and determine how the IBD-protective IL23R–R381Q variant modulates these processes.
Aqueous-Phase Decomposition of Isoprene Hydroxy Hydroperoxide and Hydroxyl Radical Formation by Fenton-like Reactions with Iron Ions.

Isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) formed by the photooxidation of isoprene under low-NO conditions play an important role in the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosols, yet m...
Analysis on the Characteristics of Taoist Language Communication Media Based on Computer Network Technology

Taoist culture has profound guiding significance to people's spiritual life and social life, so it is realistic and necessary to inherit and develop Taoist culture. Language is an important medium for the spread of Taoism, and its two main forms have their own characteristics. The emergence and rapid development of network technology have promoted cultural exchanges and brought new opportunities for the inheritance and development of local culture. It is necessary for us to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the application of network technology in Taoist language communication, so that computer network technology can be better applied in Taoist language communication practice. With the help of the advantages of network media, we can build scientific and effective cultural communication strategies, such as establishing communication awareness, expanding the scope of communication and increasing the forms of communication. The continuous development of information communication is the development of information technology. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Taoist language communication media under the background of the rapid development of computer network technology.
Cortical thinning in preschoolers with maladaptive guilt.

Abstract Maladaptive guilt is a central symptom of preschool-onset depression associated with severe psychopathology in adolescence and adulthood. Although studies have found that maladaptive guilt is associated with structural alterations in the anterior insula (AI) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in middle childhood and adolescence, no study has examined structural neural correlates of maladaptive guilt in preschool, when this symptom first emerges. This study examined a pooled sample of 3-to 6-year-old children (N = 76; 40.8% female) from two studies, both which used the same type of magnetic resonance imaging scanner and conducted diagnostic interviews for depression that included clinician ratings of whether children met criteria for maladaptive guilt. Preschoolers with maladaptive guilt displayed significantly thinner dmPFC than children without this symptom. Neither children's depressive severity nor their vegetative or other emotional symptoms of depression were associated with dmPFC thickness, suggesting that dmPFC thinning is specific to maladaptive guilt. Neither AI gray matter volume or thickness nor dmPFC gray matter volume differed between children with and without maladaptive guilt. This study is the first to identify a structural biomarker for a specific depressive symptom in preschool. Findings may inform neurobiological models of the development of depression and aid in detection of this symptom.
Longitudinal Effects of PostDivorce Interparental Conflict on Children's Mental Health Problems Through Fear of Abandonment: Does Parenting Quality Play a Buffering Role?

In a sample of 559 children (ages 9-18), researchers investigated whether: (a) fear of abandonment mediated the association between postdivorce interparental conflict (IPC) and mental health problems, and (b) parent-child relationship quality moderated the association between IPC and fear of abandonment. Mediation analyses indicated that pretest IPC predicted fear of abandonment 3 months later, which then predicted child- and teacher-reported mental health problems 10 months later. The hypothesized protective effect of a high-quality parent-child relationship was not observed. IPC predicted fear of abandonment for all children, except for those with low- and moderate-quality father-child relationships, for whom IPC was not significantly related to fear of abandonment. Findings highlight the need to optimize child coping programs and improve parenting-after-divorce programs to reduce IPC.