cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doppler-compensated adaptive pulse compression

Within the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) context the adaptive pulse compression (APC) algorithm has been shown to effectively suppress the range sidelobes resulting from large targets to the level of the noise thereby unmasking nearby small targets and yielding substantial sensitivity improvement over deterministic matched/mismatched filtering techniques. However, this sensitivity improvement is limited by filter mismatch whenever the radar returns from large target(s) undergo a substantial Doppler phase shift caused by significant radial motion relative to the radar platform. To correct for the Doppler-induced filter mismatch, the Doppler compensated APC (DC-APC) algorithm is presented whereby the respective Doppler shifts for large target returns are jointly estimated along with the illuminated range profile and subsequently incorporated into the APC adaptive receive filter formulation thus suppressing the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes and regaining a significant portion of the sensitivity improvement of APC.
Stochastic gradient estimation using a single design point

Using concepts arising in control variates, we propose estimating gradients using Monte Carlo data from a single design point. Our goal is to create a statistically efficient estimator that is easy to implement, with no analysis within the simulation oracle and no unknown algorithm parameters. We compare a simple version of the proposed method to finite differences and simultaneous perturbation, assuming first and second-order linear logic models and response surfaces. Results of the analysis indicate that the proposed gradient estimator is unbiased with variance that is inversely related to the variance of the assumed input model. Compared to the only existing single design-point method, the proposed gradient estimator is advantageous in that its variance is not dependent on the magnitude of the response surface at the design point of interest and also decreases as the simulation run length increases.
A Web 3.0 ontology based on similarity: a step toward facilitating learning in the Big Data age

Web 3.0 technology will revolutionize the learning process, enabling data linking to connect learning resources and create ontologies for different areas of knowledge that enable ‘smart searches.’ Smart or semantic searches perceive relationships among various pieces of information and present them to the learner. Connectivism has been proposed as a theory to guide learning in this new Web 3.0 environment. This paper discusses the relevance of connectivism and then develops an ontology for learning resources. The authors propose a hybrid similarity measure to evaluate the similarity among different learning resources. The paper presents a case study that was conducted to evaluate the proposed similarity measure on education data sets and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Control of Josephson current by Aharonov-Casher Phase in a Rashba Ring

We study the interference effect induced by the Aharonov-Casher phase on the Josephson current through a semiconducting ring attached to superconducting leads. Using a one-dimensional model that incorporates spin-orbit coupling in the semiconducting ring, we calculate the Andreev levels analytically and numerically, and predict oscillations of the Josephson current due to the AC phase. This result is valid from the point-contact limit to the long channel-length case, as defined by the ratio of the junction length and the BCS healing length. We show in the long channel-length limit that the impurity scattering has no effect on the oscillation of the Josephson current, in contrast to the case of conductivity oscillations in a spin-orbit-coupled ring system attached to normal leads where impurity scattering reduces the amplitude of oscillations. Our results suggest a scheme to measure the AC phase with, in principle, higher sensitivity. In addition, this effect allows for control of the Josephson current through the gate-voltage-tuned AC phase.
Harnessing expert-based information for learning and the sustainable management of complex socio-ecological systems

Human-used and managed natural resources, such as watersheds, represent complex socio-ecological systems where learning from different knowledge sources is essential for sustainable management. Guided by the advocacy coalition framework, the paper presents a set of propositions that help explain the different functional uses of expertbased information, the network position of scientific experts, and learning within and between coalitions. Most importantly, the paper investigates common assumptions about the superiority of consensus-based institutions for integrating science into policy-making by examining two collaborative and two adversarial policy subsystems. The findings show that the scientists’ centrality as coalition allies and opponents is lower in collaborative policy subsystems than in adversarial policy subsystems. The findings suggest a more hospitable setting for learning and sustainability in the management of natural resources in collaborative compared to adversarial subsystems. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research in sustainability and learning.
Effects of an Invasive Plant, Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera), on Development and Survival of Anuran Larvae

Amphibians are considered one of the most threatened vertebrate groups. Although numerous studies have addressed the many causes of amphibian population decline, little is known about effects of invasive plants. Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is an exotic deciduous tree that has invaded the southeastern United States. Amphibian larvae in environments invaded by T. sebifera may be impacted negatively as autumn leaf litter decomposes in natal areas. We compared effects of leaf litter decomposition from T. sebifera and two native tree species on survival and development of four species of anuran larvae from eastern Texas. Larvae from Pseudacris fouquettei, Lithobates (Rana) sphenocephalus, Hyla versicolor, and Incilius (Bufo) nebulifer were introduced into mesocosms containing leaf litter from one of the three tree species. Pseudacris fouquettei and L. sphenocephalus, species that breed earlier in the year, had lower survival within the T. sebifera pools. Pseudacris fouquettei were smaller in T. sebifera mesocosms compared with native tree mesocosms, whereas L. sphenocephalus were larger in T. sebifera mesocosms. Hyla versicolor showed significant developmental and morphological differences in T. sebifera mesocosms; however, survival was not significantly different among treatments. Leaf litter treatment did not affect survival or development in I. nebulifer. Our results suggest that breeding season may determine how each species survives and develops in an environment with T. sebifera leaf litter. Triadica sebifera leaf litter breaks down faster than native species; therefore, negative effects may be short lived but pose a greater threat to species that breed soon after leaffall. Amphibians are considered, perhaps, the most threatened of all vertebrate groups, with recent estimates that 43% of all
3D optical metamaterials formed by holographic assembly and directed solidification of eutectics (Presentation Recording)

Nanoscale integration of materials in three dimensions is critical for the realization of a number of highly functional optical metamaterials. Starting with structures enabled via eutectic solidification and holographic lithography, our team is applying unique template-based and post-synthetic materials transformations in conjunction with powerful computational design tools to develop the scientific underpinnings of, and to produce, 3D metamaterials derived from directionally solidified eutectics. Our approach involves close interactions among computational design, photonic theory, eutectic materials development, template fabrication, materials chemistry, and optical characterization.
Humility, science, and ethological behaviorism.

ybattles byencouraging anopenness tocriticism anddiversity ofapproach. Mostimportantly, asnoted byNeuringer, humility should increase theeffectiveness ofbehaviorists asscientists byemphasizing thatall knowledge isprovisional, andourfundamental assumptions should atleast occasionally bereconsidered. Itmaybeimportant toaddthat the encouragement ofhumility couldpay dividends forscience ingeneral. Inrecent history, bothCongress andspecial interestgroups havereacted strongly towhat they perceive asthearrogance ofscience. Greater appreciation oftheir concerns might goalongwaytoward improving someofthenegative attitudes toward science. Where LessHumility MightHelpSomeAdvantages toArrogance There are, though, obvious drawbacks tohumility andadvantages toarrogance (in thesense ofconfidence, assertiveness, anddetermination). First, totheextent thatNeuringer's encouragement ofhumility occasionally shades into anethical Preparation ofthis manuscript wassupported in part byNIMH grant 37892. absolute asopposed toaneffective social strategy foradvancing scientific knowledge, wehavesomedifficulty endorsing it. Anabsolute rulerequires belief that nomatter whattheapparent outcome, humility isthecorrect stance. Thehistory ofethical discourse reveals considerable ambivalence about absolute rules ofhumility, suchas"never criticize" or"alwaysturntheother cheek." AsNeuringer woulddoubtless agree, there arebothanalytic andcommonsense reasons that anabsolute rule ofhumility mightnotbethebestcourse of action. Inagametheory analysis ofconflict situations, theefficacy ofahumble approach depends ontherelative frequencies ofthealternative approaches present inthepopulation. Thus,inthe well-known hawkanddoveexample, a population comprised onlyofdoves can beinvaded successfully byhawks, butat thesametime anall hawkpopulation can beinvaded successfully bydoves. The relative effectiveness ofthehawkand dovestrategies interms ofsurvival should varywiththeir relative frequency inthe population. Therelative effectiveness of arrogance versus humility should varyin similar fashion. Thecommonsense reasonsagainst absolute humility weresummarized inHoosier humorist AbeMartin's observation, "Ifthemeekinherit the earth, theywon't keepitlong." Webelieve (asprobably doesNeuringer) that acertain lack ofhumility isfrequently critical inthedevelopment ofa newpoint ofview. Thus, theexperimental analysis ofbehavior prospered inpart because ofthegentle butinsistent arroganceofSkinner thathumanbehavior could beanalyzed mosteffectively asa product ofcontingent control byreinforcement. Theverysuccess ofSkinner's viewprovided thepossibility forNeuringertocall forhumility inits practice. In theabsence ofthis success, wewouldbe
Bifid epiglottis as a cause of recurrent pneumonia in a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a ciliopathy

Abstract Bardet-Biedel syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and a ciliopathic disease that affects many organ systems. It is characterized by obesity, renal anomalies, polydactyly, cone-rod dystrophy, and pervasive developmental delay. Bifid epiglottis is a rare anatomic anomaly that has been reported in association with BBS. Bifid epiglottis typically presents clinically with stridor, recurrent upper respiratory infections, and/or aspiration. A child with BBS presented for evaluation of recurrent pneumonia and was subsequently found to have a bifid epiglottis. This case report highlights the importance of upper airway evaluation in BBS patients.
Four new Smittium species inhabiting the hindgut of Chironomidae larvae

Four new species of Smittium (Zygomyco- ta, Trichomycetes, Harpellales), S. caudatum, S. com- mune, S. acutum, and S. kansense, that live in the hindguts of stream Chironomidae (midge) larvae collected in Kansas and Oklahoma are described. One or more axenic cultures were obtained from all species but S. kansense. Each of the cultured species has distinctive isozyme patterns, though 12 isolates of S. commune were split into two isozyme groups. Prob- lems in identification of Smittium spp. based solely on axenic cultures of the fungus are discussed.
CLINICAL IMPACT OF PHARMACOGENOMICS

Phannacogenomics is a rapidly emerging field focused on understanding the genetic factors underlying drug action and applying this information to improve the clinical use and development of pharmaceutical products. In clinical practice, the understanding of how genetic variation leads to variable drug effects can be used to prescribe drugs selectively to individuals in regimens and doses that are most likely to be safe and effective. In drug development, knowledge of genetic variation that may affect drug action can be used to reduce the cost and complexity of clinical trials, increase the success rate of achieving regulatory approval, and achieve approvals for new classes of diagnostic and therapeutic products.
Purulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Antibiotic Selection in the Community

Introduction: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) requently causes skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Referring primary care physicians often prescribe inactive antibiotics when referring SSTIs caused by MRSA for incision and debridement. Methods: Demographics and culture results (organism and sensitivity) were collected for patients treated for SSTI between 2007-2009. Antibiotic regimens started by referring PCPs were noted. Prevalence of MRSA and antibiotic resistance profiles were tabulated. Isolates resistant to the drug initially prescribed were also noted. Results: Of 187 patients, 40.1% grew MRSA. All MRSA was sensitive to doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, whereas 88% were sensitive to clindamycin and 79% to levofloxacin. 48% of patients received an antibiotic inadequate for their isolate before referral. Conclusions: CA-MRSA is extremely common. Patients are often prescribed antibiotics inadequate for MRSA. Doxycycline or trimethoprim-sulfame...
Abiotic Reduction Reactions of Dichloroacetamide Safeners: Transformations of “Inert” Agrochemical Constituents

Safeners are so-called “inert” constituents of herbicide formulations added to protect crops from the toxic effects of herbicides. We examined the reactivity of three dichloroacetamide safeners and 12 structural analogues [all neutral compounds of the form Cl2CXC(═O)NRR′; X = H, Cl; R-groups include alkyl, branched alkyl, n-allyl, and cyclic moieties] in one homogeneous and two heterogeneous reductant systems: solutions of Cr(H2O)62+, suspensions of FeII-amended goethite, and suspensions of FeII-amended hematite. Analyses of reaction products indicate each safener can undergo stepwise hydrogenolysis (replacement of chlorine by hydrogen) in each system at near-neutral pH. The first hydrogenolysis step generates compounds similar (in one case, identical) to herbicide active ingredients. Rates of product formation and (when reactions were sufficiently fast) parent loss were quantified; reaction rates in heterogeneous systems spanned 2 orders of magnitude and were strongly influenced by R-group structure. The...
Action Meaning of Adjective

Some adjectives in contemporary Chinese can present actions.Adjectives in such structures as "adjectives+dianr","adjectives+zhe",and "adjectives+le+objects",may present action meaning of "laying stress on or indicating the actice meaning of subject",of "making something be something".
Mechanism of polyribonucleotide inhibition of ribonucleic acid tumor virus replication: effect of poly(inosinic acid) on the synthesis of proviral deoxyribonucleic acid of murine leukemia virus.

Single-stranded polyribonucleotides inhibit the replication of RNA tumor viruses in cultured cells with little or no effect on their growth rates or viability. They also inhibit the virion-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase in vitro. The several polyribonucleotides investigated exhibit a reasonably good correlation between their effects on virus replication in cell culture and on virion-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase in vitro. These observations suggested that the inhibition of virus replication by polyribonucleotides may be related to their effect on intracellular viral RNA-directed DNA synthesis. Several other observations also indirectly support this notion. For example, polyribonucleotides are more effective when added prior to or just after virus infection; this suggests that an early step in virus infection is affected. The present study concerns the effect of poly(inosinic acid) on viral as well as cellular DNA synthesis in cultured JLS-V9 cells infected with murine leukemia virus. Poly(I) inhibits the synthesis of proviral DNA with little or no effect on cellular DNA synthesis. Furthermore, poly(I), at a concentration inhibitory for proviral DNA synthesis, apparently does not interfere with the uptake of labeled murine leukemia virus by cultured JLS-V9 cells. The effects of poly(I) on partially purified murine leukemia virus and JLS-V9 cell DNA polymerases in vitro were compared. Analysis of the kinetics of inhibition shows that the apparent inhibitory potency of poly(I) toward viral DNA polymerase is 10-50 times that for cellular DNA polymerases. These results support the hypothesis that the inhibition of RNA tumor virus replication by polyribonucleotides is due, at least in part, to their inhibition of proviral DNA synthesis. This is more likely to be due to their effect on viral RNA-directed DNA synthesis than on DNA-directed DNA synthesis.
The surgery of stress urinary incontinence.

SUMMARY The repertoire of procedures available for surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence is reviewed from a historical perspective. All of these procedures fall into three broad groups: transvaginal urethrocystopexies, retropubic cystourethropexies including needle suspension operations, and urethrovesical sling procedures. The difficulties and requirements of some procedures are discussed critically. Argument is made that the urogynecologist needs to be familiar with the technical aspects of all urogynecologic procedures. The choice of procedure or combination of operations in any one patient needs to be determined by the specific abnormalities, both urologic and gynecologic, that are present in that individual patient.
Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: opportunities for advancement

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be a challenging disease to treat. With high rates of both local and distant failures, there is significant interest in finding more biologically active chemotherapy regimens that can contribute to reduce both failures. The phase III PROCLAIM trial, recently published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology entitled “PROCLAIM: randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed–cisplatin or etoposide–cisplatin plus thoracic radiation therapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer”, compared two different chemotherapy regimens given concurrently with radiotherapy in patients with stage III non-squamous lung cancer: pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus cisplatin plus etoposide. Both groups received consolidation chemotherapy. After enrolling 598 of planned 600 patients, the study was stopped early due to futility as no difference was seen in the primary end-point of overall survival. Since PROCLAIM was designed as a superiority trial, these results suggest that pemetrexed regimens do not offer a clinical advantage over standard cisplatin plus etoposide. There are some subpopulations who might still benefit from pemetrexed, especially if clinicians are concerned about myelosuppression-related adverse events. Future trials are needed to investigate novel biologic agents and irradiation techniques that can result in more durable local and distant disease control in locally advanced NSCLC.
The profiling of professional football players

We examined one professional football team over the course of the 1979 season in an attempt to divide the team into four basic positional categories of Line, TE-LB, OB, and DB-WR. Numerous significant differences could be found between these groups with regard to speed, anthropometric data, strength, and performance tests. This indicates a great deal of homogeneity by position within the professional football roster. We then employed a statistical treatment called "discriminant analysis," which, based upon combinations of four variables (two for size, one for fat, one for strength), could place each player into his position with a very high degree of accuracy. This has important implications for selection of players when they make the transition from college to professional football. Finally, we again employed discriminant analysis within the positions, adding variables of muscle deficits, injury history, and playing time and were able to rank players into either the injured or noninjured categories. These equations had a sensitivity of 93.7 per cent and specificity of 96.1 per cent, with the overall injury rate of 38 per cent. This indicates that some characteristics may abet injury. The discriminant analysis allows for selection of variables to statistically profile the football player. This technique addresses the multiple factors that contribute to the success or injury of the player and should be of use in profiling any sport, especially on the professional level.
Exoproduct secretions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains influence severity of alveolar epithelial injury

To determine whether exoenzyme S plays a role in alveolar epithelial injury, two parental strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAK and PA103, were tested that produced large quantities of exoenzyme S. Strains PAK and PA103 differ in the form of exoenzyme S they produce. Strain PAK produces a 53-kDa protein that does not possess ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and large quantities of a 49-kDa protein that expresses ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Strain PA103 produces the 53-kDa protein and low amounts of exoenzyme S activity. A quantitative experimental protocol was used to measure the protein permeability of the alveolar epithelium and the dissemination of the bacteria to the pleural space and circulation. The results indicate that instillation of PAK and PA103 resulted in significant lung injury. Control experiments utilizing isogenic, exoenzyme S-deficient, regulatory mutants in the infection model reduced the lung injury and the dissemination of instilled bacteria. Taken together these results suggest that alveolar epithelial injury correlated with the production of the 53-kDa form of exoenzyme S or other coordinately regulated factors.
Multi-echelon Supply Chain Optimization: Methods and Application Examples

Optimization and optimal control of multi-echelon supply chain operations is difficult due to the interdependencies across the stages and the various stock nodes of inventory networks. While network inventory control problems can be formulated as Markov decision processes, the resulting models can usually not be solved numerically due to the high dimension of the state space for instances of realistic size. In this paper the application of a recently developed approximation technique based on piece-wise linear convex approximations of the underlying value function is discussed for two well-known examples from supply chain optimization: multiple sourcing and dynamic inventory allocations. The examples show that the new technique can lead to policies with lower costs than the best currently known heuristics and at the same time yields further insights into the problem such as lower bounds for the achievable cost and an estimation of the value function.
El habla y las actitudes de los hispanohablantes de Los Ángeles: síntesis y ampliación del trabajo de Claudia Parodi

La migracion centroamericana a Los Angeles, una region donde predominan los mexicanos, ha tenido consecuencias linguisticas significativas tanto en el habla como en las actitudes. Este trabajo ofrece un resumen de las investigaciones linguisticas de la Dra. Claudia Parodi, quien empleo el sistema de clasificacion dialectal de tierras altas y bajas para observar el proceso de koineizacion que se da en Los Angeles. Le sigue la descripcion de una investigacion sobre las actitudes de mas de 120 ninos jovenes de Los Angeles, los resultados de la cual ayudan a esclarecer el papel de las mismas en el cambio linguistico de la region. Ademas de dar pruebas de la nivelacion dialectal que esta transcurriendo en el sur de California, los estudios de este tipo ayudan a entender mejor los retos, tanto linguisticos como sociales, que enfrentan diferentes grupos de inmigrantes cuando se instalan en grandes ciudades como Los Angeles
Green Public Procurement of Certified Wood: Spatial Leverage Effect and Welfare Implications

•Certified and conventional products are not traditional substitute goods.•Green public procurement stimulates certification globally, but not in each region.•Public procurement of the cheaper unsustainable product does not maximise welfare.•Increasing the price premium for certified wood creates a trade barrier.•The high costs of forest certification exclude vulnerable producers.
3 Gb/s OOK VLC link using bandwidth-enhanced CMOS Avalanche photodiode

This paper presents a 3-Gb/s OOK VLC link over 1.5-m distance with BER <10−6. The setup uses a custom CMOS Avalanche photodiode with a 3×3 subsections design for bandwidth enhancement and a 680-nm laser diode.
Is biotic resistance enhanced by natural variation in diversity

Theories linking diversity to ecosystem function have been challenged by the widespread observation of more exotic species in more diverse native communities. Few studies have addressed the underlying processes by dissecting how biotic resistance to new invaders may be shaped by the same environmental influences that determine diversity and other community properties. In grasslands with heterogeneous soils, we added invaders and removed competitors to analyze the causes of invasion resistance. Abiotic resistance was measured using invader success in the absence of the resident community. Biotic resistance was measured as the reduction in invader success in the presence of the resident community. Invaders were most successful where biotic resistance was lowest and abiotic resistance was highest, confirming the dominant role of biotic resistance. Contrary to theory, though, biotic resistance was highest where both species richness and functional diversity were lowest. In the multivariate framework of a structural equation model, biotic resistance was independent of community diversity, and was highest where fertile soils led to high community biomass. Seed predation slightly augmented biotic resistance without qualitatively changing the results. Soil-related genotypic variation in the invader also did not affect the results. We conclude that in natural systems, diversity may be correlated with invasibility and yet have little effect on biotic resistance to invasion. More generally, the environmental causes of variation in diversity should be considered when examining the potential functional consequences of diversity.
NATIONAL CORRUPTION, NATIONAL PERSONALITY AND NATIONAL CULTURE

Even though corruption continues to mar economic progression, worker enthusiasm, and societies’ moral constitution, most studies of corruption have been confined to the fields of economics and political science. However, psychological variables, such as personality and cultural values, are likely to be relevant to studying corruption. In the present study of 62 countries, we examined how national averages on the Big Three personality traits, a measure of social desirability, and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions relate to perceptions of a nation’s level of corruption. The Big Three personality traits showed modest relationships with corruption. However, national averages on a social desirability measure were strongly and positivel correlated with corruption, suggesting that national dishonesty in responding to personality items is related to national dishonesty in corruption. In addition, the discrete, combined, and unique effects of personality and culture on corruption were compared. The findings suggest that both cultural values and personality have relevance for understanding corruption. As globalization continues to promote the exchange of cultural values and the assimilation of both individuals and organizations into new cultures, these findings highlight the need for I/O psychologists to be attentive to both culture and personality in designing human resource systems.
Automatic generation of domain-specific genetic algorithm operators using the hierarchical bayesian optimization algorithm

GAs started with generic mutation and crossover operators, but over the years specialized representations and/or operators designed specifically for a given domain or problem, such as TSP, proved the most effective. In this paper, we define a class of new GA operators which automatically adjust for each problem. The adjustments or instantiations are based on the domain model presented to the operators in the form of Bayesian Network, as generated in the hierarchical Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (hBOA). We then show that these operators outperform standard random operators as long as the models are of sufficient quality.
Inclusive, Culturally Competent Practices for Christian Faith Leaders in Responding to IPV Survivors with Disabilities

This chapter describes inclusive, culturally competent practices for psychological providers and religious leaders providing support for survivors with disabilities of Christian faith backgrounds. There is little empirical data on pastoral response to intimate partner violence in women with disabilities (WWDs). Literature on pastoral response to women experiencing IPV is reviewed as well as models of disability and implicit biases against those with disabilities that faith leaders may unconsciously ascribe to and display in their interactions with those with disabilities. Next, the authors describe their qualitative study of responses (n = 19) to WWD experiencing IPV from a select sample of pastors noted for being welcoming of persons with disabilities. Finally, practical suggestions for providing support to WWD experiencing IPV are shared such as empowering the survivor as opposed to directing the survivor, especially being wary of ableism, pity, protectionism, and inaccurate stereotypes of WWDs.
Livestock and poultry density and childhood cancer incidence in nine states in the USA.

Abstract Background Parental occupational and childhood exposures to farm animals have been positively associated with childhood brain tumors, whereas associations with childhood leukemia are equivocal. The developing immune system may be influenced by allergen, virus, or other exposures from animal sources, which may contribute to childhood cancer incidence. Methods Incident cancers (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], central nervous system [CNS], peripheral nervous system [PNS]) for children aged 0–4 diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 were obtained from nine National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries and were linked to U.S. Census of Agriculture data from 2002 and 2007 by county of diagnosis. Animal densities (animal units [AU]/km 2 ; one animal unit is 1000 pounds of animal weight) were estimated for hogs, cattle, chickens (layers and broilers, separately), equine (horses, ponies, mules, burros, donkeys), goats, sheep, turkeys, and total animals. Animal density was examined in models as both continuous (AU per km 2 ) and categorical variables (quartiles). Animal operation densities (per km 2 ) by size of operation (cattle, hogs, chickens, sheep) were modeled continuously. Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. Results We found positive associations between AML and broiler chicken densities (RR per 10 AU/km 2 = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.26). ALL rates increased with densities of hog operations (RRper operation/100 km 2 = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11). PNS cancer rates were inversely associated with layer chicken density (RR per log of AU/km 2 = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89–0.99). No association was found between any cancer type and densities of cattle, equine, or goats. Conclusions Although limited by the ecologic study design, some of our findings are novel and should be examined in epidemiological studies with individual level data.
Inpatient pharmacy experience with an audit for a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy for riociguat.

The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act was introduced in 2007, requiring manufacturers to develop and implement a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) when a drug’s prescribing information alone does not ensure that the benefits of a drug outweigh its potential risk.[1][1]–[3
Films of Trauma Unfolding: Disorientation and Loss

A group of lesser known films transition from the theme of disorientation to that of complete disintegration and loss of the child. Among these are films such as Games for Two (1989), Identity (1988), and The Coup (1990). These films criticize the advent of post-1980 consumer culture, claiming that it brings about the annihilation of “the child within.” Better known films search for history, recovery, community, language, continuity, and perspective in order to reconstitute the human subject and social utopia represented as the child. Films such as The Voice (1986) and You Sing Your Songs (1986) treat the cultural disorientation of those imprisoned in the 1980s. This theme is explored in films that breed intertextual references such as September Storm (2000) and My Father and My Son (2005).
Pancreatic hamartoma in a premature Trisomy 18 female

Pancreatic hamartomas are extremely rare tumors in adults and even more so in children. They are lesions characterized by acinar, islet and ductal components found in varying proportions and in a disorganized pattern. We report a case of a premature female with trisomy 18 diagnosed by amniocentesis. The newborn was delivered by cesarean section at thirty-three weeks of gestation and expired within one hour of birth. Postmortem examination exhibited numerous features associated with Trisomy 18 including lanugo on the torso and arms, micrognathia, microstomia, left low-set ear with small flat pinna, closed ear canal, clenched fists with overlapping fingers, rocker-bottom feet, narrow pelvis, large right diaphragmatic hernia and left pulmonary hypoplasia. Microscopic examination of the pancreas revealed an area, 1.2 cm in greatest dimension, with branching ducts and cysts lined by cuboidal epithelium intermingled within primitive mesenchymal proliferation and exocrine glands. The cysts measured up to 0.2 cm and were surrounded by a collarette of proliferating spindle cells as highlighted by Masson's trichrome stain. A diagnosis of pancreatic hamartoma was rendered. A total of thirty-four cases of pancreatic hamartomas have been reported in the literature including twenty-seven in adults, five in children and two in newborns. Our case may be the third pancreatic hamartoma reported in association with Trisomy 18. We recommend that careful examination of the pancreas be performed in individuals with Trisomy 18 to further characterize this lesion as one of the possible abnormal findings associated with this syndrome.
Surgical Approach to Bone Metastases

The purpose of this review was to examine the recent changes in the surgical treatment of bone metastases and how the treatment paradigm has shifted with the improvement of adjuvant therapies. How surgery fits into the local and systemic treatment was reviewed for bone metastases in different areas. The more common use of targeted chemotherapies and focused high-dose radiation have altered the treatment paradigm of bone metastases. Overall changes in the surgical treatment of bone metastases have been driven by an increased multidisciplinary approach to metastatic cancer and the awareness that one type of surgery does not work for all patients. The individual patient treatment goals dictate the surgical procedures used to achieve these goals. Advancements in adjuvant therapy-like radiation and more targeted chemotherapies have allowed for less invasive surgical approaches and therefore faster recoveries and reduced surgical morbidity for patients.
Implications of male breeding-season home range movements for population monitoring and minimum reserve area of the Ocellated Turkey (Meleagris ocellata), a threatened Yucatán endemic

ABSTRACT Information on home range size and movements can inform the design of protected areas for bird species of conservation concern. Populations of the Ocellated Turkey (Meleagris ocellata), a heavily hunted Yucatan endemic, appear to be declining rapidly throughout its small geographic range, despite large protected areas. We radio-tagged adult males during the breeding season in a protected, mixed-use area in Belize to describe individual and annual variation in home range size and use. Our objectives were to (1) determine the minimum reserve area necessary to sustain a population of this species, (2) evaluate use of data from related species for home range parameters in conservation plans, and (3) help design species-specific survey methods suitable for distance sampling and camera trapping. There were no differences in mean minimum convex polygon (969 ha), 95% fixed kernel (692 ha), and 50% fixed kernel (90 ha) due to breeding strategy or habitat disturbance. The core home ranges of some individua...
High-throughput screen for sorting cells capable of producing the biofuel feedstock botryococcene

Botryococcene is a branched triterpene produced by the algae Botryococcus braunii. Hydrocracking botryococcene yields a variety of combustible fuels such as gasoline and jet fuel. Engineering host systems and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of botryococcene to optimize production is of interest given these applications. The current study investigates the use of a diaryltetrazole based screen that undergoes a photoclick reaction with terminal alkenes, such as the branched terminal alkene present on botryococcene, to yield a fluorescent product. Host E. coli systems were established to produce botryococcene, squalene, and no triterpene to serve as a control. Cells were incubated with tetrazole and briefly irradiated with UV light to initiate the photoclick reaction. It was found that the botryococcene producing cells yielded observable fluorescence while the squalene and control cells had negligible fluorescence turn-on activity. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was subsequently used to identify and sort botryococcene producing E. coli from a mixture of control and squalene producing cells.
Sequential Max-Margin Event Detectors

Many applications in computer vision (e.g., games, human computer interaction) require a reliable and early detector of visual events. Existing event detection methods rely on one-versus-all or multi-class classifiers that do not scale well to online detection of large number of events. This paper proposes Sequential Max-Margin Event Detectors (SMMED) to efficiently detect an event in the presence of a large number of event classes. SMMED sequentially discards classes until only one class is identified as the detected class. This approach has two main benefits w.r.t. standard approaches: (1) It provides an efficient solution for early detection of events in the presence of large number of classes, and (2) it is computationally efficient because only a subset of likely classes are evaluated. The benefits of SMMED in comparison with existing approaches is illustrated in three databases using different modalities: MSRDaliy Activity (3D depth videos), UCF101 (RGB videos) and the CMU-Multi-Modal Action Detection (MAD) database (depth, RGB and skeleton). The CMU-MAD was recorded to target the problem of event detection (not classification), and the data and labels are available at http://humansensing.cs.cmu.edu/mad/ .
The institutional repository landscape in medical schools and academic health centers: a 2018 snapshot view and analysis

Objective: This study uses survey research methods to gain a deeper understanding of the institutional repository (IR) landscape in medical schools and academic health centers. Methods: Members of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) were surveyed about their IRs. The authors used a mixed-methods approach of a survey and qualitative content analysis to identify common themes. Results: Survey results indicate that a large majority of responding medical schools and academic health centers have or are implementing an IR (35 out of 50, 70%). Of these, 60% (21 institutions) participate in an institution-wide IR rather than administer their own repositories. Much of the archived content is grey literature that has not already been published, but the percentage of original content varies greatly among institutions. The majority (57.1%) of respondent institutions are not considering an open access policy or mandate. Most institutions (71.4%) reported that repository staff are depositing materials on behalf of users. dSPACE and bepress Digital Commons are the most popular repository platforms in this community. The planned enhancements that were most frequently reported were implementing a discovery layer and ORCID integration. The majority of respondents (54.3%) do not plan to migrate to a different platform in the foreseeable future. Analysis of respondent comments identified the following themes: integration, redundancy, and reporting; alternatives and exploration; uniqueness; participation; and funding and operations. Conclusions: The study results capture a view of the IR landscape in medical schools and academic health centers and help readers understand what services their peers have in place as well as their plans for future developments. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program .
Preventing harassment and increasing group participation through social norms in 2,190 online science discussions.

Theories of human behavior suggest that people’s decisions to join a group and their subsequent behavior are influenced by perceptions of what is socially normative. In online discussions, where unruly, harassing behavior is common, displaying community rules could reduce concerns about harassment that prevent people from joining while also influencing the behavior of those who do participate. An experiment tested these theories by randomizing announcements of community rules to large-scale online conversations in a science-discussion community with 13 million subscribers. Compared with discussions with no mention of community expectations, displaying the rules increased newcomer rule compliance by >8 percentage points and increased the participation rate of newcomers in discussions by 70% on average. Making community norms visible prevented unruly and harassing conversations by influencing how people behaved within the conversation and also by influencing who chose to join.
The Future of Multidisciplinary Care in Pancreatic Cancer

Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer has become increasingly common for patients with localized disease. Although initial neoadjuvant trials were developed with the goal of identifying patients with treatment-resistant disease in whom surgical therapy would provide little oncologic benefit, the recent rapid adoption of neoadjuvant therapy has grown from the significant gains overall survival observed among patients who are able to complete all neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. Given the necessity of systemic chemotherapy to provide lasting disease control for patients with pancreatic cancer and the unpredictability of delivery adjuvant therapy following surgery, it is very possible that neoadjuvant therapy may become the preferred treatment sequence for all patients with localized pancreatic cancer in the near future. In contrast to adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy often requires engagement and cooperation of multiple specialty services to accurate stage, palliate, and treat patients with operable pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the breadth and depth of specialist required to provide neoadjuvant therapy to patients in the current era and to identify additional areas of unmet need which will need to be addressed in the future.
School-Community Relations

Accessible and practical, School-Community Relations, Fourth Edition uses real-life examples to illustrate the ways in which administrators and school leaders can effectively engage and enlist partnerships with teachers, staff, students, parents, and community members. Case studies at the end of each chapter apply the strategies to realistic scenarios, and Questions for Analysis help readers engage critically with the material. This textbook provides aspiring educational leaders with the skills to establish strong systems for communicating with their various school constituencies and to improve public relations at all levels. Features of this newly revised edition include: Try This At Your School sections that offer insights into the ways in which actual educational leaders have fostered positive school-community relations. Updated information about public opinion, how parents view their local schools, and the current education climate. New strategies for utilizing social media to improve school-community relations and foster a positive school image.
Analyzing pilots’ fatigue for prolonged flight missions: Multimodal analysis approach using vigilance test and eye tracking:

Performance decrement associated with pilot fatigue is considered a leading contributor to aviation accidents and fatalities. The output of prevalent pilot fatigue methodologies (both subjective & ...
Blood, Nation, Science, and Language: Essentializing Race from the Sixteenth Century to the Present

This essay reviews the following works: The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900. Edited by Kimberly Anne Coles, Ralph Bauer, Zita Nunes, and Carla L. Peterson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. vii + 274. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781137338204. Speaking of Spain: The Evolution of Race and Nation in the Hispanic World. By Antonio Feros. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 370. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674045514. Theorizing Race in the Americas: Douglass, Sarmiento, Du Bois, and Vasconcelos. By Juliet Hooker. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 280. $53.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190633691. The Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States, 1910–1950. By Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp xii + 255. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781469636405. Race and the Brazilian Body: Blackness, Whiteness, and Everyday Language in Rio de Janeiro. By Jennifer Roth-Gordon. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 248. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520293809. Degrees of Mixture, Degrees of Freedom: Genomics, Multiculturalism, and Race in Latin America. By Peter Wade. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017. Pp. vii + 344. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822363736.