cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of some biphenyl solubilizing and suspending agents on biphenyl 4-hydroxylase of rabbit liver microsomes.

The effects of ethanol, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), Triton X-100, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the kinetics of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase of rabbit liver microsomes were investigated in an attempt to find a substrate-solubilizing or suspending agent (carrier) which was itself a non-effector of the mixed-function oxidase. The effects of these carriers on the activities of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome P-450 content were also investigated. Ethanol and DMSO inhibited biphenyl 4-hydroxylase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Acetone inhibited the hydroxylase uncompetitively at concentrations which appeared to stimulate NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. All of the detergents inhibited biphenyl 4-hydroxylase although only Triton X-100 markedly affected the reduction of cytochrome P-450. The interaction of Tween 80 with the hydroxylase gave rise to non-linear Lineweaver-Burk plots although at high concentrations of biphenyl or low concentrations of the detergent the inhibition appeared to be competitive. Biphenyl caused a 2–3-fold stimulation of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, but in the presence of Tween 80 the stimulation was absent. Since V of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase in the presence of Tween 80 was not significantly different from V in its absence it would appear that the reduction of cytochrome P-450 was not ratelimiting. Of all the carriers studied only CMC was without effect on all aspects of microsomal electron transport investigated. As far as biphenyl 4-hydroxylase is concerned, CMC appears to be the most suitable substrate carrier.
The Organization and Employee Alcohol Misuse

There are many factors that could contribute to the onset of alcoholism. This paper examines the possible role that the work organization plays in alcohol misuse among employees. It is suggested that perceived organizational and job characteristics facilitate the onset or continuance of an alcohol problem. The mechanism by which these perceptions may affect alcohol misuse and attitudes toward alcohol use by co-workers is through their contribution to feelings of self-estrangement and powerlessness. Two hundred and ninetythree full-time employees completed surveys which were analyzed using correlational and path-analytic techniques. The results indicate support for the perceptions-self-estrangement-alcohol misuse sequence. Feelings of powerlessness at work were not significantly associated with the dependent measures. The results are discussed.
Assessment of bulimia nervosa: An evaluation of the eating disorders examination

The Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) is a semistructured interview designed to assess the specific psychopathology of patients with eating disorders. It is claimed that the EDE is more sensitive than standardized self-report questionnaire measures of the central features of bulimia, such as the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). This study examined the relative merits of the EDE, EDI, and Restraint Scale (RS) in discriminating between 15 female patients with bulimia nervosa and 15 highly restrained, nonbulimic controls. The groups differed significantly only on the total score and the Bulimia subscale of the EDI. Significant group differences were found on four of the five subscales of the EDE, the exception being the Restraint subscale. The EDE is recommended for future studies of treatment outcome as a superior measure of the core pathology of bulimia nervosa than standardized questionnaires.
Higher dimensional aposyndetic decompositions

Let X be a homogeneous, decomposable continuum that is not aposyndetic. The Aposyndetic Decomposition Theorem yields a cell-like decomposition of X into homogeneous continua with quotient space Y being an aposyndetic, homogeneous continuum. Assume the dimension of X is greater than one. About 20 years ago the author asked the following questions: Can this aposyndetic decomposition raise dimension? Can it lower dimension? We answer these questions by proving the following theorem. Theorem. The dimension of the quotient space Y is one.
Single-Stage Flyback Power-Factor-Correction Front-End for HB LED Application

This paper presents a single-stage flyback power- factor-correction (PFC) front-end for high-brightness light- emitting-diode (HB LED) applications. The proposed PFC front-end circuit combines the PFC stage and the dc/dc stage into a single stage. Experimental results obtained on a 78-W (24- V/ 3.25-A) prototype circuit show that at VIN = 110 Vac, the proposed PFC front-end for HB LED applications can achieve an efficiency of 87.5%, a power factor of 0.98, and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 14% with line-current sharmonics that meet the IEC 61000-3-2 Class C standard. Index terms ⎯ Driver, high-brightness light emitting diodes (HB LEDs), power factor correction (PFC), single-stage, flyback
Relative bioavailability of β-carotene from supplement sources

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the acute plasma response to β-carotene (βC) from supplements in healthy subjects. Ten healthy subjects ingested 30 mg/day of βC for 3 days from 3 different supplements in a randomized crossover design: synthetic βC in water-miscible (10%) beadlets; synthetic βC gelcaps; and mixed carotenoids from Dunaliella salina gelcaps. Plasma carotenoid determinations were performed at baseline and after each 3-day supplementation phase. Amounts of βC in the supplements were 23.2 ± 0 mg for beadlets; 28.4 ± 0.9 mg for βC gelcaps; and 29.8 ± 0.6 mg for D. salina gelcaps. Plasma βC response for beadlets was significantly greater than for either gelcap preparation ( p in vitro and/or in vivo investigations.
Variable Sensitivity to Substitutions in the N-Terminal Heptad Repeat of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Transmembrane Protein

The transmembrane protein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus contains two heptad repeats that are predicted to form amphipathic α-helices that mediate the conformational change necessary for membrane fusion. To analyze the relative sensitivity of the predicted hydrophobic face of the N-terminal heptad repeat to the insertion of uncharged, polar, and charged substitutions, mutations that introduced alanine, serine, or glutamic acid into positions 436, 443, 450, and 457 of the envelope protein were examined. Novel systems using Tat protein and the GHOST cell line were developed to test and quantitate the effects of the mutations on Env-mediated fusion and infectivity of the virus. While no single amino acid change at any of the positions interfered significantly with the synthesis, processing, or transport to the plasma membrane of glycoprotein complexes, 9 of the 12 nonconservative mutations in these residues completely abolished fusion activity and virus infectivity. Mutations in the central positions (443 and 450) of the heptad repeat region were the most detrimental to Env function, and even single alanine substitutions in these positions dramatically altered the fusogenicity of the protein. These results demonstrate that this N-terminal heptad repeat plays a critical role in Env-mediated membrane fusion and highlight the key function of central hydrophobic residues in this process and the sensitivity of all positions to charge substitutions.
Impact of Gypsum on Electromagnetic Properties of Desert Soils

Radar remote sensing of soil requires an understanding about the electromagnetic properties of soils. Propagation velocities and attenuation rates at ground-penetrating radar frequencies (0.25-4 GHz) were measured as a function of soil moisture content for soils from Iraq and Afghanistan. Soil samples in the study include two with and two without gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) as a major mineral component. When measured at 100°C, volumetric moisture content of gypsum-rich soils ranged from 12% to 24%. In addition to the high moisture content, the propagation velocities were higher than expected, and attenuation rates were lower than expected for soils with moisture contents in this high range. The apparently anomalous relationship between high moisture content and low attenuation rate is explained by the presence and characteristics of gypsum in the soil. Radar signals are not affected by the chemically bound water molecules in gypsum which dehydrates at 100°C. These results show that soil mineralogy is critically important to the interpretation of dielectric properties.
Rats do show primacy and recency effects in memory for lists of spatial locations: A reply to Gaffan

It has been demonstrated that rats display both primacy and recency effects in list-learning experiments for both item- and order-recognition memory for spatial location information. Contrary to a suggestion made by Gaffan (1992) that previous demonstrations of primacy effects in rats are not valid due to statistical and methodological problems, we show that (1) it is not likely that our results are due to experimenter bias and/or nonindependence of trials, (2) primacy and recency effects are obtained whether or not one uses a training criterion, and (3) when many of the published reports from our laboratory are combined, the number of subjects and trials are sufficient to evaluate the validity of primacy and recency effects in list-learning experiments.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in men with severe chronic schizophrenia and an early age at clinical onset

Background: Early age at onset of schizophrenia often signifies a more severe form of the illness. However, the relationship between age at onset and brain abnormalities has not been established. We assessed temporal-limbic morphometry in severely ill men with chronic schizophrenia who had a relatively early onset of illness and examined the relationships among regional brain volumes, clinical symptoms, and age at illness onset. Methods: Temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, temporal horn, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and frontoparietal volumes were measured on magnetic resonance imaging data from 56 schizophrenic men (mean [SD] age at illness onset, 16.6 [4.2] years) recruited from a state hospital and 52 age- and rangematched healthy control men. Results: Patients had significantly smaller gray matter volumes in the temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, and frontoparietal regions; smaller temporal lobe white matter volumes; and larger cerebrospinal fluid volumes for temporal lobe sulci and the 3 ventricular measures. There were no group differences in hippocampal volumes. Psychotic symptom subscores from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were selectively correlated with smaller left posterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes. None of the brain measurements were significantly correlated with age at illness onset. Conclusions: Data from this unique sample of severely ill schizophrenic men emphasize a pattern of structural abnormalities involving the cortex, but not the hippocampus, in schizophrenia. Furthermore, these data support theories suggesting that superior temporal gyrus abnormalities contribute selectively to psychotic symptoms and that the extent of structural abnormalities is unrelated to age of clinical symptom onset.
Identification of Kv11.1 Isoform Switch as a Novel Pathogenic Mechanism of Long QT Syndrome

Background— The KCNH2 gene encodes the Kv11.1 potassium channel that conducts the rapidly activating delayed rectifier current in the heart. The relative expression of the full-length Kv11.1a isoform and the C-terminally truncated Kv11.1a-USO isoform plays an important role in regulation of channel function. The formation of C-terminal isoforms is determined by competition between the splicing and alternative polyadenylation of KCNH2 intron 9. It is not known whether changes in the relative expression of Kv11.1a and Kv11.1a-USO can cause long-QT syndrome. Methods and Results— We identified a novel KCNH2 splice site mutation in a large family. The mutation, IVS9-2delA, is a deletion of the A in the AG dinucleotide of the 3′ acceptor site of intron 9. We designed an intron-containing full-length KCNH2 gene construct to study the effects of the mutation on the relative expression of Kv11.1a and Kv11.1a-USO at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels. We found that this mutation disrupted normal splicing and resulted in exclusive polyadenylation of intron 9, leading to a switch from the functional Kv11.1a to the nonfunctional Kv11.1a-USO isoform in HEK293 cells and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. We also showed that IVS9-2delA caused isoform switch in the mutant allele of mRNA isolated from patient lymphocytes. Conclusions— Our findings indicate that the IVS9-2delA mutation causes a switch in the expression of the functional Kv11.1a isoform to the nonfunctional Kv11.1a-USO isoform. Kv11.1 isoform switch represents a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of long-QT syndrome.
Projection: a synthesis technique for concurrent systems

We present a process decomposition technique for the design of pipelined asynchronous circuits. The technique is simple to use, and is based on projecting a program on different sets of variables. We provide conditions under which the technique can be applied, and show how it can be used to decompose complex concurrent programs.
Phase I/II Study of Continuous-Infusion Troxacitabine in Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Purpose Troxacitabine is a non-natural nucleoside analog with unique structural and metabolic features. Bolus intravenous (IV) troxacitabine regimens have shown significant activity in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and preclinical data suggest that administration via continuous infusion may result in enhanced antitumor activity. Patients and Methods Patients with refractory AML initially received troxacitabine 10.1 mg/m2 by continuous IV infusion (CIVI) for 48 hours. Infusion duration and daily dose were increased in subsequent patient cohorts. Results Forty-eight patients, median age 58 years (range, 21 to 81 years), were treated. Dose-limiting toxicities were mucositis and hand-foot syndrome, and 12.0 mg/m2/d for 5 days was established as the maximum-tolerated dose. Seven patients (15%) achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp), with a median survival among responders of 12 months. Steady-state concentrations of troxacitabine were found to be ...
DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES IN THE IMPACT OF CHILD MALTREATMENT ON LATER DELINQUENCY AND DRUG USE

Developmental psychopathology emphasizes the impact that early childhood maltreatment has on adolescent and early adult development. The life-course perspective, however, emphasizes more proximal events—adolescent maltreatment, for example—as developmentally disruptive. Prior research suggests that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent delinquency and drug use. However, the results appear to depend on a loose definition of childhood. This study utilizes a four-category maltreatment classification—never, childhood-only, adolescence-only, and persistent—to re-examine the maltreatment-delinquency relationship. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, we find no relationship between childhood-only maltreatment and adolescent delinquency or drug use; yet, we do find a consistent impact of adolescence-only and persistent maltreatment on these outcomes.
Analysis of P2P file sharing network's credit system for fairness management

Fairness is an important management issue for peer-to-peer file sharing systems. In this paper, we study the credit system of the P2P file sharing network eMule (http://www.emule-project.net) through a simple queueing network model. Numerical analysis and experimental results show that this local credit strategy could effectively deal with free riders and provide fairness for the system during a single file exchange. Using this model, we also investigate different management strategies for dealing with the newcomer fairness issue. We propose a simple, private history-based scheme to balance the fairness between two types of newcomers.
Neurogenetics and Pharmacology of Learning, Motivation, and Cognition

Many of the individual differences in cognition, motivation, and learning—and the disruption of these processes in neurological conditions—are influenced by genetic factors. We provide an integrative synthesis across human and animal studies, focusing on a recent spate of evidence implicating a role for genes controlling dopaminergic function in frontostriatal circuitry, including COMT, DARPP-32, DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4. These genetic effects are interpreted within theoretical frameworks developed in the context of the broader cognitive and computational neuroscience literature, constrained by data from pharmacological, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and patient studies. In this framework, genes modulate the efficacy of particular neural computations, and effects of genetic variation are revealed by assays designed to be maximally sensitive to these computations. We discuss the merits and caveats of this approach and outline a number of novel candidate genes of interest for future study.
Parameterization of Outgoing Infrared Radiation Derived from Detailed Radiative Calculations.

Abstract State-of-the-art radiative transfer models can calculate outgoing infrared (IR) irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (F) to an accuracy suitable for climate modeling given the proper atmospheric profiles of temperature and absorbing gases and aerosols. However, such sophisticated methods are computationally time consuming and ill-suited for simple vertically-averaged models or diagnostic studies. The alternative of empirical expressions for F is plagued by observational uncertainty which forces the functional forms to be very simple. We develop, a parameterization of climatological F by curve-fitting the results of a detailed radiative transfer model. The parameterization comprises clear-sky and cloudy-sky terms. Only two parameters are used to predict clear-sky outgoing IR irradiance: surface air temperature (Ts) and 0–12 km height-mean relative humidity (ˆRH). With this choice of parameters (in particular, the use of ˆRH instead of precipitable water) the outgoing IR irradiance can be estima...
Dimensions and Components of Individual Differences in Spatial Abilities

The goal of this chapter is to review advances in the study of individual differences in spatial abilities and to consider some of the practical implications of this work. There are many reasons for the study of spatial cognition in general and spatial ability in particular. First, it is of theoretical and practical significance to understand how individuals represent the physical world in which they operate. Evidence exists for a theoretical separation of spatial representations and semantic representations. Second, there is a substantial literature suggesting the existence of several spatial abilities which are differentiable from general ability and from verbal abilities. Third, there appear to be important sex differences in some spatial abilities. Fourth, measures of spatial ability frequently add unique variance to the prediction of performance in certain courses such as engineering design or graphics and occupations such as mechanic, architect, or pilot.
Ambient air concentrations exceeded health-based standards for fine particulate matter and benzene during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

ABSTRACTThe Deepwater Horizon oil spill is considered one of the largest marine oil spills in the history of the United States. Air emissions associated with the oil spill caused concern among residents of Southeast Louisiana. The purpose of this study was to assess ambient concentrations of benzene (n=3,887) and fine particulate matter (n=102,682) during the oil spill and to evaluate potential exposure disparities in the region. Benzene and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in the targeted parishes were generally higher following the oil spill, as expected. Benzene concentrations reached 2 to 19 times higher than background, and daily exceedances of PM2.5 were 10 to 45 times higher than background. Both benzene and PM2.5 concentrations were considered high enough to exceed public health criteria, with measurable exposure disparities in the coastal areas closer to the spill and clean-up activities. These findings raise questions about public disclosure of environmental health risks associated...
The Acceptance and Use of Innovative Technology: Do Positive and Negative Feelings Matter?

This study examines the co-occurrence of positive and negative affective technology evaluations and the implications of each on technology use. Stimulus-Organism-Response Theory was used to construct the research model to explore the relationships between integral affect and a technology;s performance and outcome expectancies. The responses of 358 adult technology users regarding an innovative technology provide empirical support for the research model. The SEM results indicate that the evaluation of a technology's features result in both positive and negative affective responses that directly influence use intentions. While the co-occurrence of positive and negative emotion arises from the evaluation of technology usefulness, negative feelings tend to dominate technology performance evaluations. From a practical standpoint, understanding how users' affect-based processes relate with instrumental appraisals has implications for the management of user perceptions that would encourage technology adoption and use. Theoretically, this study provides support for the independence of positive and negative user affect suggesting that positive technology attributions may not arise at the expense of the negative.
Celebrating 50 years of advancement in pharmacy residency training.

This overview of the history of the first 50 years of accredited pharmacy residency training covers only a few facets of the complete story. These are facets that especially interested me as I reviewed the historical record of the ASHP accreditation program. When reflecting on the pioneers in
The Identification of Gram-Negative Bacilli Using The Quantum II System

The Quantum II bacterial identification system was compared with the API 20E system for its ability to identify the clinical isolates of 255 gram-negative bacilli. Both systems produced identifications to the species level that were in agreement for 246 of 255 isolates tested (96.4% correlation). Additional biochemical tests for speciation were required for both Quantum II and API 20E for four isolates and three isolates, respectively. Additional tests were most often required by both systems to identify species of Enterobacter and Citrobacter. The Quantum II system incorrectly identified two isolates (0.8%): Citrobacter amalonaticus (confirmed by conventional biochemicals, identified as Citrobacter species by API 20E and Escherichia coli by Quantum II) and Enterobacter agglomerans (confirmed by both conventional biochemicals and API 20E but identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae by Quantum II). When compared with the API 20E system, the Quantum II system was found to be highly accurate for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and certain non-Enterobacteriaceae, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas and would be rapid and reliable for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
Systematic Measurements of HBT Radii in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Recent measurements of Hunbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) effect for charged pions and kaons by PHENIX and STAR at RHIC are reported. 3-dimensional HBT radii are extensively measured as functions of collision centrality, particle multiplicity, reaction plane and pair momentum for different collision energies and systems, and systematically compared to understand properties of the space-time evolution of source created in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Airway Management: A Structured Curriculum for Critical Care Transport Providers.

Abstract Objective Airway assessment and management are vital skills for the critical care transport provider. Nurses and paramedics often enter a transport program with limited or no exposure to airway management. Many programs lack a structured curriculum to show skill competence. Optimal methods in the development of airway management competence and the frequency of training needed to maintain skills have not been clearly defined. Because of this lack of standardization, the actual level of competence in both new and experienced critical care transport providers is unknown. Methods A pretest, post-test repeated measures approach using an online curriculum combined with a deliberate practice model was used. Competence in airway management was measured using 3 evaluation points: static mannequin head, simulation scenario, and the live patient. Results A convenience sample of critical care transport providers participated (N = 9). Knowledge improvement was significant, with a higher percentage of participants scoring above 85% on the post-test compared with the pretest ( P = .028). Mean scores in completion of the airway checklist pre- versus postintervention were significantly increased on all 3 evaluation points ( P P Conclusion The development of a standardized, blended learning curriculum combined with deliberate simulation practice and rigorous assessment showed improvements in multiple areas of airway assessment and management.
A pilot study of suramin in the treatment of progressive refractory follicular lymphomas.

Summary Ten patients with progressive follicular lymphomas (seven with follicular mixed lymphomas, three with follicular, small cleaved cell lymphomas) with clinical indications for systemic therapy received parenteral suramin. Each had failed from one to six prior chemotherapeutic regimens and three had in addition received prior radiation therapy. All had measurable disease and nine of the ten had documented bone marrow involvement at the start of therapy. Suramin was administered at an initial infusion rate of 350 mg/m2/day, which was then modified on the basis of subsequent weekly plasma suramin concentrations in order to reach a final plasma concentrations of 250-350 μg/ml. Treatment cycles were repeated at eight week intervals. Nine of ten patients are evaluable for response. Five of nine evaluable patients achieved a partial remission as defined by a greater than 50% decrease in the sum of the product of all measurable lesions. Sites of response include: Peripheral (five patients) and central (four patients) adenopathy, disappearance of biopsy-proven skin involvement (one patient), malignant pleural effusions (one patient) and shrinkage of an enlarged spleen (two patients). Disappearance of B symptoms occurred in the one responder with these symptoms. Response duration varied from 3 to 9 months (mean 5.6 months) with time to subsequent systemic therapy varying from 5 to 12 months (mean 8 months). Drug related toxicity included the development of polyradiculopathy (one case), liver function abnormalities (three cases), thrombocytopenia (five cases), vortex keratopathy (two cases) and bacterial infection (two cases). We conclude that suramin has significant activity against follicular lymphomas refractory to standard chemotherapy and that its precise role in the treatment of lymphoproliferative neoplasms in general warrants further investigation.
The Actor Behind the Camera

THE ACTOR BEHIND THE CAMERA By Zechariah Henry Pierce, MFA A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Major Director: Dr. Aaron Anderson Associate Professor and Associate Chair of the Department of Theatre Through an accidental discovery of an interest in the film making process, I decided to explore the opportunities that would come through self-education in the field. Along the way, I found that the process of working behind the camera can, in fact, help the actor’s career in front of the camera and provide a chance to train in a nontraditional way. After directing two projects (one simple and one more complicated), I decided to propose a class in which students would be required to selfproduce their own video projects online. The class was vastly popular, and the students’ responses to the class work lined up with my learning objectives perfectly. The actor must take
In Touch of the Course of PECC Merrily

s:Significant is the course software of PECC,to offer assistance to the second-clssroom teaching of English.
Acute colonic diverticulitis.

Acute diverticulitis occurs in 20 to 25 per cent of patients with diverticulosis. CT scanning may allow earlier diagnosis and have an impact on treatment. The stages of diverticulitis and appropriate management plans are reviewed in this article. An aggressive surgical approach including primary resection of the involved segment of colon results in lower morbidity and mortality.
Connective Tissue Disorders

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of a meshwork critical for organogenesis and homeostatic maintenance of tissues through complex protein supramolecular assembly and cell-matrix interactions. There are four principal groups of extracellular matrix components, viz., collagen, the elastic fibers, noncollagenous glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycan/proteoglycan macromolecules. This chapter highlights the progress made in heritable disorders of connective tissue by discussing Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, conditions that result from abnormalities in the collagens and the elastic fibers, respectively.
Differences in Nationwide Cohorts of Acupuncture Users Identified Using Structured and Free Text Medical Records

Integrative medicine including complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become more available through mainstream health providers. Acupuncture is one of the most widely used CAM therapies, though its efficacy for treating various conditions requires further investigation. To assist with such investigations, we set out to identify acupuncture patient cohorts using a nationwide clinical data repository. Acupuncture patients were identified using both structured data and unstructured free text notes: 44,960 acupuncture patients were identified using structured data consisting of CPT codes;. Using unstructured free text clinical notes, we trained a support vector classifier with 86% accuracy and was able to identify an additional 101,628 acupuncture patients not identified through structured data (a 226% increase). In addition, characteristics of the patients identified through structured and unstructured data were compared, which show differences in geographic locations and medical service usage patterns. Patients identified with structured data displayed a consistently higher use of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical system.
Four-corner arthrodesis employing the native scaphoid as the principal donor graft for advanced collapse deformity of the wrist: technique and outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the functional, radiographic, and subjective outcome of the authors’ technique of four-corner arthrodesis using the en bloc excised scaphoid as the princi...
GENETICS, SPECIATION AND THE FOUNDER PRINCIPLE.

W. Anderson, K. Kaneshiro & L. V. Giddings: H. L. Carson: Interviews toward an intellectual history W. B. Provine: Founder effects and genetic revolutions in microevolution and speciation: an historical perspective G. D. Carr, R. H. Robichaux, M. S. Witter & D. W. Kyhos: Adaptive radiation of the Hawaiian silversword alliance: a comparison with Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila F. R. Ganders: Adaptive radiation in Hawaiian bidens G. L. Stebbins: Plant speciation and the founder principle J. S. Yoon: Chromosomal evolution and speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila T. W. Lyttle: Is there a role for meiotic drive in karyotype evolution? J. A. Hunt, K. A. Houtchens, L. M. Brezinsky, F. Shadravan & J. G. Bishop: Genomic DNA variation within and between closely related species of Hawaiian Drosophila W. J. Dickinson: Gene regulation and evolution E. Nevo: The nature and role of peripheral isolates in the origin of species J. R. Powell: The effects of founder-flush cycles on ethological isolation in laboratory populations of rosophila W. B. Heed: Origin of Drosophila of the Sonoran Desert: in search for a founder event K. Y. Kaneshiro: The dynamics of sexual selection and founder effects in species formation J. V. Neel: Human evolution and the "founder-flush" principle A. T. Ohta: The genetic basis of adaptive evolution in the Grimshawi species complex of Hawaiian Drosophila A. R. Templeton: Founder effects and the evolution of reproductive isolation H. L. Carson: Genetic imbalance, realigned selection and the origin of species.
Voltage-sensitive potassium channels expressed after 20-Hydroxyecdysone treatment of a mosquito cell line.

Abstract The goal of this research was to express receptors and ion channels in hormone-treated insect cell lines. Treatment of Anopheles gambiae Sua1B cells with 20-hydroxyecdysone showed an inhibition of cell growth over a time course of three days, with no change in cellular morphology. The effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone was enhanced in the presence of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, but not tetraethylammonium. Concentration-response curves of 4-aminopyridine in the presence of 42 μM (1 mg/ml) 20-hydroxyecdysone showed similar IC50 values (6–10 μM) across 3 day exposures. Whole cell patch clamp confirmed the expression of delayed-rectifier (Kv2) potassium channels in hormone-supplemented Sua1B cells, whereas untreated Sua1B cells showed no evidence of Kv2 expression. The hormone-induced expression of Kv2 channels occurred in as little as 4 h after treatment, but were not observed after 24 h of exposure to 20-hydroxyecdysone, suggesting they played a role in cell death. The expressed channels had current-voltage relationships diagnostic for the Kv2 subtype, and were inhibited with an IC50 = 13 mM of tetraethylammonium. Overall, these parameters were similar to Anopheles gambiae Kv2 potassium channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. The induced presence of ion channels (and possibly receptors) in these cells has potential utility for high throughput screening and basic neuroscience research.
Role of the Gamma Subunit in Regulating the Activity of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase

The ATP synthase enzymes of the inner membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts and of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, couple the energy of a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. The general structural features of the enzyme are highly conserved from one organism to another. It is comprised of an integral membrane-spanning H+- translocating segment (F0 or factor O) and a peripheral membrane segment (F1 or factor 1) which contains the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. The F1 segment is comprised of five different polypeptide subunits designated α to e in order of decreasing molecular weight. The subunit stoichiometry is α3β3γ1δ1 and e1 (1).
An open-loop 28GHz 16-phase clock generator in 28nm CMOS

This paper presents an open-loop 28GHz 16-phase clock generator in 28nm CMOS technology. The open loop architecture is composed of 22.5° delay units and uses phase compensation to account for delay time variations. The 16-phase 28GHz clock generator consumes 14mW, leading to a power efficiency of 0.032mW/GHz/phase. The maximum phase error is 6° and the RMS phase error is 3° when the input frequency varies from 27GHz to 29GHz.
Abstract IA15: Molecular navigation for cancer diagnosis and surgery: Imaging tumors and nerves

Although treatment algorithms vary, surgery is the primary treatment modality for most solid cancers. The fundamental goal of a curative oncologic surgery is complete cancer removal but equally important from the patient9s point of view is function preservation and pain control. Currently, there is an increasing trend to adopt minimally invasive technologies such as endoscopic and robotic surgery in order to decrease patient morbidity. However, the ability for surgeons to distinguish between normal and diseased tissue by texture or consistency is significantly reduced with these techniques (due to lack of ability to physically touch the tissue) and is limited to visual inspection alone. Using white light reflectance which is the current standard mode of illumination in operating rooms, the visual difference between normal and cancerous tissue can be imperceptible. The inability of surgeons to visually distinguish between tumor and normal tissue leads to residual cancer cells left behind at the edges of resection, i.e. positive surgical margins and can be as high as 20-40% in breast cancer lumpectomy, 21% for radical prostatectomy, and 13% for HNSCC. Molecular imaging with fluorescence provides enhanced visual definition between diseased and normal tissue and have been shown to decrease PSM in both animal models and patients. Molecular imaging with fluorescence can also provide enhanced visualization of important structures such as nerves to improve preservation and minimize inadvertent injury. Our laboratory has extensive experience in development of both nerve and tumor injectable markers for surgical visualization. In presentation we will discuss the development of nerve and tumor markers combinations to improve intraoperative visualization---aka color-coded surgery. Citation Format: Quyen T. Nguyen. Molecular navigation for cancer diagnosis and surgery: Imaging tumors and nerves [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
Development and characterization of a point-of care rate-based transcutaneous respiratory status monitor.

Blood gas measurements provide vital clinical information in critical care. The current "gold standard" for blood gas measurements involves obtaining blood samples, which can be painful and can lead to bleeding, thrombus formation, or infection. Mass transfer equilibrium-based transcutaneous blood gas monitors have been used since the 1970s, but they require heating the skin to ≥42 °C to speed up the transcutaneous gas diffusion. Thus, these devices have a potential risk for skin burns. Here we report a new generation of noninvasive device for respiratory status assessment. Instead of waiting for mass transfer equilibrium, the blood gas levels are monitored by measuring the transcutaneous diffusion rate, which is proportional to blood gas concentration. The startup time of this device is almost independent of skin temperature, so the measurement can be made at any body temperature. The test results show that this device can track the blood gas levels quickly even at normal body temperature.
Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Photoactuating Composites

The use of carbon nanotubes in systems that cause a direct conversion of light to mechanical motion is reviewed. Both single walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been utilized in structures that induce macroscopic actuation responses. Various modalities include bundles of carbon nanotubes, free-standing films, carbon nanotubes dispersed into a host matrix, and carbon nanotubes as part of layered structures. In all cases the carbon nanotubes are responsible for the absorption of the light and also for the optomechanical actuation. Simple thermal effects are not the primary contributor to the photoactuation. However, the surrounding environment also influences the observed strain or stress measurements, often leading to an amplification of the intrinsic effect initiated by the carbon nanotubes.
CHAPTER 5 – Photosynthesis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the photosynthesis process. Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is used to synthesize reduced carbon compounds in green plants. It provides the primary substances and energy by which ecosystems are supported, in addition to a host of products important to humans. Most photosynthesis occurs in foliage leaves, but there are exceptions in which other tissues, such as cotyledons, buds, stems, flowers, and fruits may conduct some photosynthesis. In higher plants, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, double membrane-bounded organelles that possess an additional, complex internal membrane system containing pigment and lipid molecules as well as proteins. The aqueous matrix of the chloroplasts is rich in proteins, especially the primary carboxylating enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). In the process of photosynthesis, light energy is captured by pigment molecules and transferred to reaction centers where photochemical reactions occur that drive electron flow through a series of carriers. Photochemistry of the photosynthetic apparatus causes splitting of water with the evolution of molecular oxygen and creates high-energy intermediates that ultimately result in production of ATP and NADPH2. These products are consumed when Rubisco catalyzes a reaction in which CO2 is combined with ribulose bisphosphate and subsequently reduced to 3-carbon sugars. Sugars produced may be utilized within the cell, exported as sucrose, primarily, or diverted to starch synthesis within the chloroplast itself.
Silver Nanoparticle Antimicrobials and Related Materials

Silver is an effective antimicrobial agent which was serendipitously discovered long before the concept of microorganism was even known. It has been added as an effective component in many therapeutic medications, as well as antibacterial materials. In this chapter, we first briefly introduce the history of silver as a primitive germicide. Then, we review the antibacterial mechanisms and the evaluation methods for this ancient antimicrobial from a modern perspective. In the third part of this chapter, a variety of inorganic and polymeric silver-based antibacterial materials, including glass, ceramics, textiles, polymers, films and coatings, are covered. Some challenging issues such as material biofouling and the emergence of silver-resistant bacteria and “superbugs” are discussed in the final section. Several solutions are proposed based on the latest progress in antibacterial polymers and anti-fouling coatings. This chapter should provide our readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of silver-based nano-antimicrobial materials.
The Piety of Thinking: Heidegger’s Pathway to Comparative Philosophy

The influence of Heidegger on twentieth-century thought has been immense, pervasive, and immeasurable. As he sought and brought maker of a philosophical epoch. Once the young German critical theorist JUrgen Habermas, though he was by no means totally or unqualifiedly sympathetic to Heidegger’s thought, summarily acknowledged Heidegger as the most influential thinker since Hegel. Heidegger intends to deconstruct or subvert the hegemony of the metaphysical or logocentric tradition of the West from Plato to Nietzsche. By deconstruction, Heidegger means to emphasize a critical procedure in which the accepted concepts are traced back to their sources for the sake of reconstruction. His deconstructive thought poses challenges for us who are living in an epoch which has experienced the globalization or planetarization of Western science and technology, that is, the global domination of what Heidegger himself calls “calculative thinking.”
Numerical Computation Using C

STD tutorial pointers fine points applications appendices, complex arithmetic functions, memory allocation functions, plotting files with mathematica and GNU Plot, C Key words.
Scaling Inertial Forces to Alter Weight Perception in Virtual Reality

As the field of haptics in virtual reality expands, wearable devices are being explored as alternatives to traditional kinesthetic force feedback devices, which are often limited in workspace. Skin deformation feedback offers a user-grounded feedback modality that mimics cutaneous interactions with the real world but can suffer from force-output saturation due to the actuation constraints required to achieve a small form factor. Saturation of haptic devices limits the mechanical properties and interactions that can be rendered in a virtual environment, specifically the weight that can be rendered when a user manipulates a virtual object. We use scaled inertial forces to alter virtual weight perception during a dynamic grasp-lift-and-place task in a virtual environment with haptic feedback via two wearable skin deformation feedback devices. A study was conducted, beginning with an open response exercise to assess how participants interpreted scaled inertial forces when interacting with virtual blocks. Participants then performed a series of trials to measure the Point of Subjective Equality of virtual weight with scaled inertial forces, using a reference of 200 $\mathbf{g}$ under the normal (no scaling) condition. PSEs for inertial scaling factors of 2 and 3 were 171 g and 151 g, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a unique haptic rendering algorithm that can convey larger weights without saturating the force output of the haptic device.
IMPROVED DETECTION OF LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE THROMBUS UTILIZING MICROBUBBLE CONTRAST

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the primary tool for the assessment of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. However, diagnostic accuracy remains sub-optimal with reports of cerebral embolic events approaching 1% after TEE-cardioversion. Microbubble contrast is anecdotally useful in
Dismantling Babel: creation of a universal calibration for honey bee waggle dance decoding

Noisy animal communication presents a unique challenge for biologists interpreting a produced signal precisely and accurately. One past approach has been to reduce noise. Lately, with the advance of quantitative tools, an alternative is to use the noise to improve model predictions. Here we take the latter approach to improve our ability to recover honey bee ( Apis mellifera spp.) foraging locations, in particular the distance at which they forage, from observed waggle dance communications, which encode the vector from the hive to the forage. This vector gives both the distance from the hive to the forage, which is encoded in dance duration, and the direction from the hive to the forage, which is encoded in the angle that the bee makes while dancing. We analysed the waggle dances from individually marked honey bees ( N = 859 dances from 85 bees from 3 hives) that foraged at multiple known locations to determine a distance-to-duration calibration. Next we compared this calibration to a previously published calibration, which demonstrated that while their slopes were similar ( P = 0.82), their intercepts differed ( P N = 84) (performance comparison: P = 0.36) and second with a linear discriminant analysis, which failed to assign dances to their originating population. Both results confirm that the universal calibration may be used, irrespective of landscape or subspecies. Therefore, by allowing noise to be part of our analysis, the usability of our calibration is broadened for use in future settings.
Regional patterns of anthropogenic influences on streams and rivers in the conterminous United States, from the early 1970s to 2012

This paper introduces a dataset containing consistent time-series measurements of anthropogenic activities potentially affecting stream quality across the conterminous United States and summarizes ...
People Will Always Remember How You Made Them Feel: The Key Differences Between the Apparel Sections of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the United States, Mexico and Canada Trade Agreement (USMCA)

An analysis of the key differences between the apparel sections of the United States, Mexico, and Canada Trade Agreement (USMCA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was conducted to determine the amount of progress made in the USMCA deal with regard to apparel exports. However, in evaluating the differences between the trade deals, it became clear that while the U.S. may have won the battle on content; the fight over commerce in North America could reflect the way the deal was negotiated and how that made the United States two closest trading partners feel.