cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic changes in cribellum spigot number and cribellar prey capture thread stickiness in the spider family Uloboridae.

Uloborids produce dry cribellar prey capture thread whose surface is formed of thousands of fine, looped fibrils. These fibrils are spun from spigots on an oval spinning plate termed the cribellum and handled by a setal comb on the fourth leg termed the calamistrum. Ontogenetic studies of the triangle-web species Hyptiotes cavatus and the simple-web species Miagrammopes animotus show that increases in the number of cribellar spinning spigots are associated with increases in the stickiness of cribellar threads. For H. cavatus this relationship is similar to that determined by a previous interspecific comparison. Relative to cribellum spigot number, M. antimotus produces stickier threads than does H. cavatus. Differences in the features of these species' cribellar fibrils do not explain difference in thread stickiness. Cribellar threads produced by M. animotus have shorter, wider puffs than those produced by H. cavatus and, consequently, achieve a greater contact surface area per mm of length than do threads produced by H. cavatus. The more closely spaced cribellum spigots of M. animotus maximize the number of fibrils that contact a surface. Miagrammopes animotus also has a longer calamistrum and more closely spaced calamistrum setae than does H. cavatus. This demonstrates how small differences in spinning anatomy and behavior can fine-tune the physical characteristics of cribellar threads in ways that maximize their stickiness. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Economic Conditions and the Presidential Vote

This analysis demonstrates that the relative growth of per capita income change is an important determinant of post-World War II presidential election outcomes. Per capita income change is even a better predictor of presidential election outcomes than the electorate's relative attraction to the Democratic and Republican candidates as calibrated in National Election Study surveys. The significance of this finding is discussed.
Research on Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Polyphenylene Sulfide Filter Media

In order to study the thermal stability of PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) filter media, by means of thermogravimetry(TG), thermal degradation kinetics behavior of two kinds of PPS filter media were analyzed. The kinetic parameters of PPS filter media were obtained according to Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Thermal stability of PPS filter media was discussed. It was found that the initial decomposition temperature and activation energy of N3 sample are all higher than B1 sample, the thermal stability of N3 sample is better than B1 sample, and kinetic analysis can be used as an important method to evaluate the thermal stability of filter media.
Frequency of subtypes of biliary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and their MUC1, MUC2, and DPC4 expression patterns differ from pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Background Biliary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (B-IPMN) has been proposed as a unique clinicopathologic disease with distinct histopathologic features, although wide acceptance remains controversial. A recent consensus conference classified pancreatic IPMN (P-IPMN) into 4 subtypes (ie, gastric, intestinal, pancreatobiliary, oncocytic) based on morphologic appearance and mucin (MUC) staining properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether B-IPMN has similar histopathologic and immunologic subtypes to P-IPMN. Study Design Specific immunostaining for MUC1, MUC2, and deleted for pancreas cancer, locus 4 were performed on specimens from 19 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of B-IPMN. Immunostaining patterns of B-IPMN were correlated with histopathology. Results Based on histopathology, the following subtypes of B-IPMN were identified: pancreatobiliary n=9 (47%), intestinal n=8 (42%), oncocytic n=2 (11%), and gastric n=0 (0%). Pancreatobiliary and oncocytic subtypes of B-IPMN were positive for MUC1 and negative for MUC2, and intestinal subtypes were positive for MUC2 and negative for MUC1. Thirteen of the 19 B-IPMN were associated with invasive carcinoma; loss of deleted for pancreas cancer, locus 4 was found in 6 of 13 invasive components and in 3 of 19 noninvasive components of B-IPMN. Five-year survival for patients with resected B-IPMN and invasive carcinoma was 38%, which is similar to that for resected P-IPMN with invasive carcinoma. Conclusions Histopathologic subtypes and type-specific MUC expression patterns of B-IPMN resemble those of P-IPMN. MUC1 expression and/or absence of MUC2 expression, which correlate with aggressive features of P-IPMN, were found in B-IPMN and correlate with invasive B-IPMN. Loss of deleted for pancreas cancer, locus 4 parallels the findings observed in P-IPMN. These findings provide additional support that B-IPMN is a unique entity with similarities to main duct P-IPMN.
Acute effect of section of the corpus callosum upon "independent" epileptiform activity.

A nine year old boy presented a right hemiparesis and convulsive seizures since infancy. Convulsions could not be controlled in spite of large doses of anticonvulsant drugs. The child was severely mentally retarded. A pneumoencephalogram revealed a large porencephalic cyst and generalized atrophy of the left hemisphere. Electroencephalography showed multiple spike foci discharging independently on both hemispheres. Scalp electrodes were applied to the right side before exposing surgically the left hemisphere. Simultaneous recording was performed from right scalp and left cortical electrodes. Active spikes were recorded independently from both sides. After section of the corpus cal-losum, the spikes from the right disappeared; the left side showed no changes. Left hemispherectomy was then performed. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of criteria for definition of independent spikes in the EEG and of the existence of mirror foci in man.
External radiation therapy and transcatheter iridium in the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma

Purpose/Objective: Review survival, prognostic factors, and patterns of failure in patients with extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) carcinoma treated with external beam irradiation (EBRT) and transcatheter iridium. Methods and Materials: The charts of 24 patients with EHBD cancer treated with EBRT and transcatheter boost were reviewed. All patients had transhepatic biliary tubes or endoprostheses placed. Two patients underwent hemihepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy formation but had residual disease. Two patients had biopsy proven adenopathy. Five patients had Grade 1 adenocarcinoma, nine Grade 2, six Grade 3, and one Grade 4 disease. Median EBRT dose was 50.4 Gy delivered in 1.8 Gy / day fractions. Median transcatheter boost at 1 cm radius was 20 Gy. Nine patients received concomitant 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) during EBRT. Results: Median survival was 12.8 months (range 7.5 months to 9 years). Overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 18.8 and 14.1 %, respectively (three disease-free survivors ;0,5 years). One patient is still alive without relapse 10 years from diagnosis and 5 years after liver transplantation for liver failure (no cancer in specimen, underlying sclerosing cholangitis). Two additional long-term survivors had no evidence of relapse 6.9 and 8.2 years after diagnosis. Histologic grade, lymph node status, cystic, hepatic, common hepatic or common bile duct involvement, surgical resection, radiation therapy dose, and chemotherapy did not significantly effect survival due to the number of patients analyzed. There was a trend towards improved survival with the addition of 5-FU chemo­ therapy (5-year survival in two of nine patients~ or 22%). Eight of 24 patients (33%) demonstrated radiographic evidence of local recurrence. Distant metastases developed in 6 of 24 (25% )·patients. The most common compli­ cations were tube related cholangitis (50%) and gastric/duodenal ulceration or bleeding (42%). Conclusion: External beam irradiation combined with a transcatheter boost can result in long-term survival of patients with EHBD cancer. Both distant metastases and local recurrence develop in 25-30% of patients despite irradiation. Survival may be improved by using chemotherapy in combination with EBRT to impact disease relapse (local and distant). Because there may be a dose response with irradiation, survival may also be improved by increasing the dose of radiation delivered by transcatheter boost. A Phase II trial is being developed using a combination of 45-50 Gy EBRT with concomitant 5-FU delivered by protracted venous infusion followed by a 25-30 Gy transcatheter boost. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. External radiation therapy, Transcatheter iridium, Proximal extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
Extended analysis of benchmark datasets for Agilent two-color microarrays

As part of its broad and ambitious mission, the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project reported the results of experiments using External RNA Controls (ERCs) on five microarray platforms. For most platforms, several different methods of data processing were considered. However, there was no similar consideration of different methods for processing the data from the Agilent two-color platform. While this omission is understandable given the scale of the project, it can create the false impression that there is consensus about the best way to process Agilent two-color data. It is also important to consider whether ERCs are representative of all the probes on a microarray. A comparison of different methods of processing Agilent two-color data shows substantial differences among methods for low-intensity genes. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting differentially expressed genes varies substantially for different methods. Analysis also reveals that the ERCs in the MAQC data only span the upper half of the intensity range, and therefore cannot be representative of all genes on the microarray. Although ERCs demonstrate good agreement between observed and expected log-ratios on the Agilent two-color platform, such an analysis is incomplete. Simple loess normalization outperformed data processing with Agilent's Feature Extraction software for accurate identification of differentially expressed genes. Results from studies using ERCs should not be over-generalized when ERCs are not representative of all probes on a microarray.
1200V Interconnection Technique with Isolated Self-Shielding Structure

1200V interconnection technique with the isolated self-shielding concept was verified by simulation and realized without big process changes from the 600V HVIC process conditions. P-substrate resistivity, p-isolation dose, and interlayer thickness, which relieve the electric field under HV interconnection metal line, are found to be the main factors determining breakdown voltage. Experimental results have shown that over 1200V of breakdown voltage without isolation leakage current can be obtained when the p-substrate resistivity of 200ohm.cm and the p-isolation dose of 8.0e12cm-2 are used
The transition from concrete to abstract cognitive functioning: Theoretical issues and implications for education

Dr. Ausubel was requested to prepare an article to complement those which resulted from the Piaget Conference. In his article, he discusses the developmental stages and presents hypotheses concerning the trends which may account for the transition from concrete to abstract functioning.
Suboptimality of the Karhunen-Loeve transform for fixed-rate transform coding

An open problem in source coding theory has been whether the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) is optimal for a system that orthogonally transforms a vector source, scalar quantizes the components of the transformed vector using optimal bit allocation, and then inverse transforms the vector. Huang and Schultheiss (1963) proved that for a Gaussian source the KLT is mean squared optimal in the limit of high quantizer resolution. It is often assumed and stated in the literature that the KLT is also optimal in general for nonGaussian sources. We disprove such assertions by demonstrating that the KLT is not optimal for certain nearly bimodal Gaussian and uniform sources. In addition, we show the unusual result that for vector sources with independent identically distributed Laplacian components, the distortion resulting from scalar quantizing the components can be reduced by including an orthogonal transform that adds intercomponent dependency.
Adaptive shape evolution using blending

We propose a shape representation scheme which allows two shapes to be combined into a single model. The desired regions of the two shapes are selected, and then merged together forming a blended shape. For reconstruction, blending is incorporated into a deformable model framework. The model automatically adapts to the data, blending when necessary. Hierarchical blending allows multiple blends of a shape to occur forming an evolution from the initial shape of a sphere to the final shape. Blending also allows the insertion of a hole between arbitrary locations. The models used are globally defined, making the recovered shape a natural symbolic description. We present reconstruction experiments involving shapes of various topologies. >
Toward a Constitutive Law of Cartilage: A Polymer Physics Perspective

Summary: To describe load bearing and lubrication of cartilage requires treating its collagen network and proteoglycan (PG) phases separately in a constitutive law of the tissue. We propose a framework for developing such an empirical constitutive law that treats the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) as a composite medium, with a PG phase that exerts a swelling pressure, and a collagen network phase that restrains it. We compare and contrast this model to a biomechanical constitutive law that aggregates the collagen and PG phases into a single "solid-like" elastic tissue matrix, and show that aggregation obscures essential differences in the physical-chemical properties of the collagen and PG constituents as well as their distinct biological roles within cartilage's ECM. We also relate moduli in the aggregate constitutive model to quantities measured in an osmotic stress titration experiment.
Hybrid Deterministic/Monte Carlo Neutronics Using GPU Accelerators

In this paper we discuss a GPU implementation of a hybrid deterministic/Monte Carlo method for the solution of the neutron transport equation. The key feature is using GPUs to perform a Monte Carlo transport sweep as part of the evaluation of the nonlinear residual and Jacobian-vector product. We describe the algorithm and present some preliminary numerical results which illustrate the effectiveness of the GPU Monte Carlo sweeps.
Three Cases of Ovarian Epidermoid Cysts in Cattle

Three cases of bovine, ovarian epidermoid cysts were diagnosed as unilateral benign lesions in three out of 1,971 cows at slaughter. A stratified, cornifying, and squamous epithelium without associated skin adnexal structures or tissues from other embryonic tissue layers lined the cysts. The cysts were small, usually multiple, and contained keratin debris. Macroscopically, they resembled abscesses. These are benign, congenital lesions that are a separate entity from dermoids and teratomas, and they appear to have a higher incidence in cattle with Bos indicus breeding.
Provisioning offspring and others: risk- energy trade-offs and gender differences in hunter-gatherer foraging strategies

Offspring provisioning is commonly referenced as the most important influence on men's and women's foraging decisions. However, the provisioning of other adults may be equally important in determining gender differences in resource choice, particularly when the goals of provisioning offspring versus others cannot be met with the acquisition of the same resources. Here, we examine how resources vary in their expected daily energetic returns and in the variance or risk around those returns. We predict that when available resources impose no trade-off between risk and energy, the targets of men's and women's foraging will converge on high-energy, low-risk resources that allow for the simultaneous provisioning of offspring and others. However, when minimizing risk and maximizing energy trade-off with one another, we expect men's foraging to focus on provisioning others through the unreliable acquisition of large harvests, while women focus on reliably acquiring smaller harvests to feed offspring. We test these predictions with foraging data from three populations (Ache, Martu and Meriam). The results uphold the predictions, suggesting that men's and women's foraging interests converge when high-energy resources can be reliably acquired, but diverge when higher-energy resources are associated with higher levels of risk. Social factors, particularly the availability of alloparental support, may also play a major role.
Drug Treatment: Explaining the Gender Paradox

There is something of a gender paradox in drug user treatment. Research consistently indicates that women possess “risk factors” associated with drug use relapse, yet women are no more likely, and possibly less likely, to relapse to drug use. Efforts to explain this paradox involve a longitudinal study of 330 women and men participating in outpatient drug-user treatment associated with die evaluation of the Los Angeles Target Cities Project funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. The findings offer no support for the drug severity and social support hypotheses, but some support for the treatment engagement hypothesis. Specifically, women participate more frequently in group counseling which, in turn, lowers their rate of relapse in spite of having more “risk factors.” Further analyses indicate that the greater participation of women in group counseling does not stem from child-custody or other gender differences in the reasons for entering treatment, nor does it result from the enhanced servic...
Developmental Control of Oocyte Maturation and Egg Activation in Metazoan Models

Production of functional eggs requires meiosis to be coordinated with developmental signals. Oocytes arrest in prophase I to permit oocyte differentiation, and in most animals, a second meiotic arrest links completion of meiosis to fertilization. Comparison of oocyte maturation and egg activation between mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila reveal conserved signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms as well as unique adaptations for reproductive strategies. Recent studies in mammals and C. elegans show the role of signaling between surrounding somatic cells and the oocyte in maintaining the prophase I arrest and controlling maturation. Proteins that regulate levels of active Cdk1/ cyclin B during prophase I arrest have been identified in Drosophila. Protein kinases play crucial roles in the transition from meiosis in the oocyte to mitotic embryonic divisions in C. elegans and Drosophila. Here we will contrast the regulation of key meiotic events in oocytes.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA

There is significant variation in the survival of patients with myeloma. This article reviews the major prognostic factors in myeloma and the evidence supporting their usefulness in clinical practice and research. The factors reviewed include serum beta 2-microglobulin, bone marrow plasma cell labeling index, cytogenetics, plasmablastic morphology, and other standard clinical laboratory variables. Novel factors such as bone marrow angiogenesis are also discussed. A combination of independent factors provides greater prognostic information than any one factor alone, and survival data using various combinations of prognostic factors are presented.
Habitat associations and assemblages of small mammals in natural plant communities of Wisconsin

Abstract Determining habitat associations of small mammal species and environmental characteristics important for site occupancy are central to understanding species biology and community organization. Most studies of small mammal communities are done at a local scale and in 1 habitat, overlooking patterns manifest over a heterogeneous landscape. During the summers of 2009 and 2010 we trapped small mammals throughout Wisconsin at 180 sites among 13 natural habitats, capturing 3,261 individuals of 23 taxa. We modeled site occupancy using habitat characteristics for 16 taxa while incorporating imperfect detection and compared small mammal community similarity among habitats. Site variation in tree density, soil moisture regimes, and winter temperatures were the most important variables in describing occupancy of species. With the exception of Zapus hudsonius and Sorex hoyi, occupancy rates of species were not the same across habitats. Species-specific responses to habitat characteristics created distinct na...
Quantification of ammonia oxidation rates and the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in marine sediment depth profiles from Catalina Island, California.

Microbial communities present in marine sediments play a central role in nitrogen biogeochemistry at local to global scales. Along the oxidation-reduction gradients present in sediment profiles, multiple nitrogen cycling processes (such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation) are active and actively coupled to one another—yet the microbial communities responsible for these transformations and the rates at which they occur are still poorly understood. We report pore water geochemical (O2, NH4+, NO3-) profiles, quantitative profiles of archaeal and bacterial amoA genes, and ammonia oxidation rate measurements, from bioturbated marine sediments of Catalina Island, California. Across triplicate sediment cores collected offshore at Bird Rock and within Catalina Harbor, oxygen penetration (0.24-0.5 cm depth) and the abundance of amoA genes (up to 9.30 x 107 genes g-1) varied with depth and between cores. Bacterial amoA genes were consistently present at depths of up to 10 cm, and archaeal amoA was readily detected in Bird Rock cores, and Catalina Harbor cores from 2008, but not 2007. Although detection of DNA is not necessarily indicative of active growth and metabolism, ammonia oxidation rate measurements made in 2008 (using isotope tracer) demonstrated the production of oxidized nitrogen at depths where amoA was present. Rates varied with depth and between cores, but indicate that active ammonia oxidation occurs at up to 10 cm depth in bioturbated Catalina Harbor sediments, where it may be carried out by either or both ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria.
Conformational Flexibility and Peptide Interaction of the Translocation ATPase SecA

The SecA ATPase forms a functional complex with the protein-conducting SecY channel to translocate polypeptides across the bacterial cell membrane. SecA recognizes the translocation substrate and catalyzes its unidirectional movement through the SecY channel. The recent crystal structure of the Thermotoga maritima SecA-SecYEG complex shows the ATPase in a conformation where the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) have closed around a bound ADP-BeFx complex and SecA's polypeptide-binding clamp is shut. Here, we present the crystal structure of T. maritima SecA in isolation, determined in its ADP-bound form at 3.1 A resolution. SecA alone has a drastically different conformation in which the nucleotide-binding pocket between NBD1 and NBD2 is open and the preprotein cross-linking domain has rotated away from both NBDs, thereby opening the polypeptide-binding clamp. To investigate how this clamp binds polypeptide substrates, we also determined a structure of Bacillus subtilis SecA in complex with a peptide at 2.5 A resolution. This structure shows that the peptide augments the highly conserved beta-sheet at the back of the clamp. Taken together, these structures suggest a mechanism by which ATP hydrolysis can lead to polypeptide translocation.
GenePING: secure, scalable management of personal genomic data

Background: Patient genomic data are rapidly becoming part of clinical decision making. Within a few years, full genome expression profiling and genotyping will be affordable enough to perform on every individual. The management of such sizeable, yet fine-grained, data in compliance with privacy laws and best practices presents significant security and scalability challenges. Results: We present the design and implementation of GenePING, an extension to the PING personal health record system that supports secure storage of large, genome-sized datasets, as well as efficient sharing and retrieval of individual datapoints (e.g. SNPs, rare mutations, gene expression levels). Even with full access to the raw GenePING storage, an attacker cannot discover any stored genomic datapoint on any single patient. Given a large-enough number of patient records, an attacker cannot discover which data corresponds to which patient, or even the size of a given patient's record. The computational overhead of GenePING's security features is a small constant, making the system usable, even in emergency care, on today's hardware.
The Politics of Authenticity: Civic Individualism and the Cultural Roots of Gay Normalization

Scholars and activists often assume that liberationism is the originating and guiding force in the gay and lesbian movement in the US. In fact, liberationism was but an ‘episode’ in the late 1960s and then again in the early 1990s. The abiding reality has been a politics centered on rights, identity normalization, pride, and social integration, or what we simply call a politics of normalization. Curiously, and perhaps expressing the above normative position, the research literature tends to ignore this rather stunning reality; instead researchers seem more disposed to explaining the waning of liberationism and lesbian feminism and their sustaining cultural force. With a few exceptions, social scientists have only recently addressed the social movement debates. We are encouraged by the promising and important research of sociologists and others. However, much of this recent social movement research has been one-sidedly social structural. In this article, we sketch a culturalist account of the ascendance of...
The Effect of High Levels of Dietary DDT on Egg Production, Mortality, Fertility, Hatchability and Pesticide Content of Yolks in Japanese Quail

Abstract STUDIES have demonstrated that Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) are feasible and practical for toxicologic investigations of pesticides. Preliminary evidence (Armbrecht et al., 1963) indicated that the species may be intermediate in pesticide sensitivity compared to bob white quail, ringneck pheasants and other wild birds. Japanese quail have been used in toxicologic studies of insecticides; Betasan and Imidan were used by Shellenberger et al. (1965). Cross et al. (1962) found that up to 300 p.p.m. DDT had no effect on egg weight or egg production, but 500 p.p.m. resulted in zero hatchability and when fed 700 p.p.m. DDT in the diet, the quail stopped laying. DeWitt (1955 DeWitt (1956) fed DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, strobane and endrin to quail and pheasants. Diets with 10 p.p.m. dieldrin and 200 p.p.m. DDT when fed to breeding quail resulted in a decreased hatchability and viability of chicks. Aldrin, dieldrin and endrin were lethal to quail…
Autoantibodies to the Nucleolar Phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin in Breast Cancer Patients

Nucleophosmin (NPM) is an estrogen-regulated nucleolar phosphoprotein; a substrate for phosphorylation by p34cdc2 kinase, protein kinase C, and casein kinase II; and a repressor of the transcriptional regulating activities of the YY1 and IFN regulatory factor-1 transcription factors. We have completed a pilot study to determine whether autoantibodies to NPM are present in breast cancer patients and explored the ability of these autoantibodies to predict recurrence in breast cancer patients. One hundred breast cancer patients were studied: 50 who recurred, and 50 matched for age and length of follow-up but who did not recur. Patients' sera were collected at the times of diagnosis (T1), six months before recurrence (T2), and at recurrence (T3). Recurrent and nonrecurrent patients did not differ in autoantibody levels at the times of diagnosis or recurrence. However, antiNPM autoantibody levels increase significantly between diagnosis and six months before recurrence in recurrent patients, whereas no change occurs over the comparable time period in nonrecurrent patients (repeated measures ANOVA; P = 0.041). At recurrence, the levels return to those seen at diagnosis. The greater the change in levels between T1 and T2, the greater the risk of recurrence within the next 6 months (conditional logistic regression: increase in risk for highest versus lowest tertile of change from T1 to T2; odds ratio, 3.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-10.18; P = 0.043). Consistent with the estrogenic/antiestrogenic regulation of the antigen in breast cancer cells, the levels of antiNPM autoantibodies are decreased 6 months before recurrence in patients treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen (P = 0.012). The association between antiNPM levels and recurrence remained after adjustment for confounding factors. Further study of antiNPM autoantibody levels as a new and simple, intermediate serum biomarker for predicting both the timing of recurrence and monitoring response to endocrine manipulations in breast cancer patients is warranted.
Reflections on the Scope of Application of the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations

A proper appreciation of any legal instrument calls for an understanding not only of its substantive content, but also of its scope of application. This is particularly the case with complex legal instruments, such as the articles on the responsibility of international organizations, adopted by the International Law Commission in 2011. In seeking such understanding, the following three dimensions require consideration: the relationship of the articles with the Commission's earlier work on State responsibility; the intended 'extent' of the application of the RIO articles; and the applicable legal context within which the articles are intended to operate.
‘Hip to be Irish’: ethnicity and Bourdieu's ‘Forms of Capital’

ABSTRACTA ‘new Irish’ American ethnicity surfaced in the 1980s – according to a number of scholars and journalists – and is comprised of what some consider to be more ‘authentic’ and ‘traditional’ Irish cultural attributes. Defining authentic and traditional Irishness is complicated, however, by the recent influx and highly visible forms of economic capital and media attention stemming from the Celtic Tiger – the surge of economic prosperity that began in Ireland in the 1990s – and the commercializing of Irish music and dance – such as Riverdance. In this paper, I propose, through my study involving Irish language enthusiasts, that this ‘new’ form of Irish ethnicity is more the result of rather than the reason for this surge in popularity. I use Pierre Bourdieu's ‘Forms of Capital’ in questioning the ‘new Irish’ American ethnicity, arguing instead that a deeply seated, less-visible reservoir of cultural and social capital form the basis for this perceived contemporary ethnicity.
GE-14TRANSCRIPTOMICPLASTICITYIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN GLIOBLASTOMA

Transcriptional profiling has classified glioblastoma (GBM) into four subtypes, termed proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal, with different genomic characteristics. However, we observed that the across platform concordance of 130 GBM with expression profiles generated using RNA sequencing as well as Affymetrix U133A microarrays rate, was only 76%, suggesting lack of robustness. Redefined gene signatures to only include upregulated genes improved the concordance of classification from 76% to 86%. Integrating subtypes with genomic alterations verified previously observed associations, such as significant MYC, CDK4, and PDGFRA alterations in proneural and EGFR abnormalities in the classical subtype. Interestingly, we found that GBMs classified as mesenchymal showed significant reduction in tumor purity and a related increase in the proportion of stromal cells. Since GBM have frequently been described as undergoing a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, we asked the question how these tumor-associated normal cells relate to GBM recurrence, and whether these are increased relative to their primary original tumor. To address this we analyzed RNA profiles from 45 pairs of primary-recurrent GBM, and we found that 20 of the 45 tumors retained their original subtype after treatment, 7 switched from one subtype to another, and the remaining 18 showed features of multiple subtypes including their original class. Three recurrent GBMs exclusively expressed the mesenchymal signature and were found to have increased levels of microglia relative to their primary counterparts. This confirmed that tumor microenvironment, including stromal cells and microglia, may play an integral role in shaping the mesenchymal signature. In conclusion, we have deconvoluted the "mesenchymal" subtype and its transition from other subtypes. Our new gene signatures led to more robust and accurate subtypes which highlighted the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to gliomagenesis.
RESEARCH ON THE RAILWAY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY IN KARST AREA

The karst is very big harm to the railroad project,so engineering geology condition research is the topic,mentioned by concerned railway departments.This article sumed up systematically for 50 many years. The main contents and achievements researched by arilroad various departments karst.And the paper also in- troduced the karst investigation technology enhancement and the development;summarized the karst disaster forecast technology,karst disaster preventing and controlling measure;discussed the karst tunnel to dissolve the water volume computational method and the environmental protection research present situation.The ar- ticle finally proposed the karst research development direction.
A note on majority rule and neutrality with an application to state votes at the Constitutional Convention of 1787

Majority rule used in the legislative process has a bias toward the status quo. This implies that proposals are less likely to pass when the number of voters casting either “yes” or “no” votes sums to an even number rather than an odd number. The implication is weakly supported by examining state votes of 552 motions made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention. A difference is found in the expected direction but is not statistically significant at traditional levels.
Noncommutative piecewise Noetherian rings

ABSTRACTWe extend the definition of a piecewise Noetherian ring to the noncommutative case, and investigate various properties of such rings. In particular, we show that a ring with Krull dimension is piecewise Noetherian. Certain fully bounded piecewise Noetherian rings have Gabriel dimension and exhibit the Gabriel correspondence between prime ideals and indecomposable injective modules.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Pseudophakic Patients with Unexplained Recurrent Hyphema or Vitreous Hemorrhage.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To describe IOL haptic with iris or ciliary body touch on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in pseudophakic patients with unexplained recurrent hyphema or vitreous hemorrhage. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 10 patients who presented with unexplained recurrent hyphema and or vitreous hemorrhage. Results: There were eight posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL) and two sulcus lenses. Four cases had a history of glaucoma; two cases which had a history of trabeculectomy were found to have some bridging vessels along the sclerostomy requiring argon laser gonioplasty. No preceding trauma or retinal pathology was found. UBM revealed haptic-ciliary body or haptic-iris touch in cases with a PCIOL and haptic-iris touch in both sulcus lens cases. One case with a PCIOL did not reveal any haptic-iris or ciliary body touch and instead displacement of the optic temporally, though haptics remained intracapsular. Conclusions: UBM is a useful tool to evaluate haptic position in pseudophakic patie...
Myxomycete Assemblages Recovered from Experimental Grass and Forb Microhabitats Placed Out and Then Recollected in the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, OK

Abstract Results obtained in studies of grassland myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds or myxogastrids), based on the species appearing in moist-chamber cultures, have indicated that forb microhabitats yield considerably more collections than grass microhabitats. We experimentally evaluated this pattern at the Tall Grass Prairie Preserve in Oklahoma by using litterbags prepared with autoclaved samples of grasses and forbs. We obtained a total of 162 collections representing 20 species; Perichaena pedata and Diderma effusum were the dominant species present. Total number of collections, species richness, and species diversity were significantly higher for forb microhabitats when compared to grass microhabitats. These results corroborate previous reports and demonstrate the utility of using litterbags as an experimental approach to assess myxomycete diversity and to confirm or refute observations from previous ecological studies.
The safety of treatment options available for gout.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in humans. Gout treatment includes rapid initiation of anti-inflammatory medications for acute attacks and chronically treating with urate lowering drugs as well as chronic anti-inflammatory prophylaxis.Areas covered: This review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the safety concerns of current treatment options available for gout.Expert opinion: Gout is a curable disease with appropriate treatment. The advent of new therapies provides encouraging opportunities to improve gout management. However, clinicians should be aware of some of the safety concerns of medications used to treat acute and chronic gout. When prescribing medications for gout one has to be mindful of the presence of comorbidities commonly affecting gout patients that may affect drug safety and efficacy, especially in the elderly and in patients treated with multiple drugs.The benefits of gout drugs, usually, outweigh their safety concerns. Studies are needed ...
Visual Diagnosis: A 7-week-old Boy with Tachypnea and Poor Feeding.

1. Zainul S. Hasanali, PhD* 2. Christopher O’Hara, MD* 1. *Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA A 7-week-old boy presents to the emergency department with a 2- to 3-day history of worsening tachypnea, poor feeding, and decreased urine output. His mother states that he has been hungry and eager to eat but only takes 1 oz of formula that he then vomits. The emesis is nonbloody, nonbilious, and looks like undigested formula. He was born at 34 weeks’ gestation and has had a baseline cough and tachypnea since birth, although his cough has worsened as his tachypnea has increased. His caregivers deny fevers, cyanosis, diaphoresis or tiring with feedings, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, diarrhea, constipation, or increased fussiness. Upon physical examination, he is afebrile. He has a II/VI systolic ejection murmur due to mild-to-moderate pulmonary stenosis. His breath sounds are diminished, and he is tachypneic, with subcostal retractions and the need for 0.5 L/min oxygen. Chest radiograph (Fig) and computed tomography (CT) scan both show right lower lobe consolidation with right-greater-than-left pleural effusions. A respiratory panel documents parainfluenza virus type 1 reactivity. Over the span of several days, the infant tolerates feedings through a nasojejunal tube and completes a 7-day course of antibiotics but is unable to be weaned off of oxygen without desaturating to 80%. His respiratory rate returns to his previous baseline on hospital day 2, but he is still tachypneic. Pleurocentesis reveals the cause of the oxygen requirement, poor feeding, and tachypnea. Figure. Chest radiograph showing bilateral pleural effusions. After multiple radiographs demonstrated persistent effusions, clinicians performed pleurocentesis of the right chest cavity. The cloudy fluid was sent for analysis. It contained 18,000 nucleated cells/μL, more than 90% of which were lymphocytes. Triglyceride values were elevated …
Racial differences in KRAS/BRAF mutation rates and survival in colon cancer (NCCTG N0147 [Alliance]).

3536 Background: It is unknown if racial disparities in colon cancer outcomes persist after controlling for clinicopathologic variables and treatment. Molecular characterization of colon cancers in...
Vacations improve mental health among rural women: the Wisconsin Rural Women's Health Study.

Objective To compare psychological stress, quality of marital life, and disruptive homelife due to work among rural women of central Wisconsin who take vacations frequently and those who do not. Methods Women were recruited from 1996 to 2001 for a prospective cohort study from the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study area, a geographic area in central Wisconsin. Stratified sampling was used to select a random sample of 1500 farm and non-farm resident women. Results The odds of depression and tension were higher among women who took vacations only once in 2 years (Depression: OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.2,3.0; Tension: OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.2, 2.3) or once in 6 years (Depression: OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.2, 3.2; Tension: OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3,2.8) compared to women who took vacations twice or more per year. The odds of marital satisfaction decreased as the frequency of vacations decreased. Conclusion Women who take vacations frequently are less likely to become tense, depressed, or tired, and are more satisfied with their marriage. These personal psychological benefits that lead to increased quality of life may also lead to improved work performance.
Marshall M. Parks Memorial Lecture: Ocular Motor Misbehavior in Children: Where Neuro-Ophthalmology Meets Strabismus

Clinical diagnosis has been supplemented by neuroimaging advances, genetic discoveries, and molecular research to generate new neurobiological discoveries pertaining to early maldevelopment of ocular motor control systems. In this focused review, I examine recent paradigm shifts that have transformed our understanding of pediatric ocular motor disease at the prenuclear and infranuclear levels. The pathogenesis of complex ocular motor disorders, such as paradoxical pupillary constriction to darkness, benign tonic upgaze of infancy, congenital fibrosis syndrome, and the constellation of unique eye movements that accompany Joubert syndrome, are elucidated.
Variation in salt-body interval velocities in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge areas

AbstractBorehole measurements of salt-body P-wave interval velocities from 55 wells in the vicinity of the Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge areas of the Gulf of Mexico vary from 13,966 ft/s (4256 m/s) to 18,535 ft/s (5649 m/s) with mean velocity of 14,920 ft/s (4547 m/s) and standard deviation of 726 ft/s (221 m/s). The velocities vary significantly with latitude. Five different interval velocity zones have been identified with each having specific associated mineralogies within a latitude range. In the midlatitude zones, sylvite, various clastics, and small traces of anhydrite and gypsum are found within the salt, yielding a salt interval velocity variation from 14,388 to 14,965 ft/s (4386–4544 m/s). The salt interval velocity in the southern limits of the study area is higher than 15,000 ft/s (4572 m/s) and is associated with more gypsum. The northernmost wells are anhydrite rich and exhibit the highest velocities. The interval velocities are relatively uncorrelated and are insensitive to fa...
Correction to: Core Competencies in VA Compensation and Pension Exams for PTSD and Other Mental Disorders

Correction of mistake in the original version of this paper, the citation (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) should read (American Psychological Association, 2013) under fourth paragraph of section “Core Competencies” and third paragraph of section “Understanding Ethical and Legal Policy”.
Putative resistance-associated genes induced in sugarcane in response to the brown rust fungus, Puccinia melanocephala and their use in genetic diversity analysis of Louisiana sugarcane clones

Abstract Development of resistant cultivars is the main control measure against sugarcane brown rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala. Durability is uncertain, since the pathogen possesses adaptive ability to overcome host plant resistance. A differential gene expression study utilizing suppressive subtraction hybridization was conducted to identify brown rust responsive genes in sugarcane. The expression patterns of 11 out of 217 unigenes of the subtractive library representing biosynthetic pathways, defense-related genes, and signaling genes were analyzed in L 99-233, a cultivar exhibiting quantitative resistance, L 01-299, a resistant cultivar with the major resistance gene Bru1, and two susceptible cultivars, Ho 95-988 and L 09-125, at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after inoculation with P. melanocephala using (semi)quantitative RT-PCR. All genes showed message accumulation upon infection in susceptible and resistant cultivars, but the maintenance of high amounts of mRNAs of the genes for a prolonged time period appeared to be the most important factor contributing to brown rust resistance. Differences in the time-course of gene expression were detected between L 01-299 and L 99-233 suggesting variable mechanisms for resistance between the cultivars. The markers derived from the brown rust responsive genes provided usefulness in genetic diversity assay of Louisiana sugarcane gene pool.
Teaching Normative Economics with a Classroom Experiment: An Asymmetric Public Goods Game

In this paper I present an asymmetric version of the familiar public goods classroom experiment, in which some players are given more tokens to invest than others, and players collectively decide whether to divide the return to the group investment asymmetrically as well. The asymmetry between players raises normative issues about fairness, rights, and equality that are not present in the symmetric game, where efficiency is the relevant normative concept. Playing the game in class requires students to confront the distributional question, and shows how issues of efficiency can become entangled with other moral issues when solving economic policy problems. The game allows instructors to incorporate theories of distributive justice into economic reasoning in the classroom, as has been widely suggested recently.
Structural Transformations in DNA

DNA undergoes displacive transitions between the A, B and z forms, and order-disorder transitions such as the strand separation. The displacive transitions may be controlled by the highly charged phosphate backbone of the polymer interacting via the surrounding electrolyte. Interactions between neighboring molecules dominate the A to B transition since A-DNA appears only in concentrated (aggregated) solutions or in fibers, and the degree to which adjacent molecules are aligned parallel controls the transition rate. Modes of GHz. frequencies are probably involved in the dynamical pathways of these transitions and this is a frequency region in which the dynamics of the surrounding hydration shell needs to be considered explicitly. This is because the water close to the double helix (primary hydration) undergoes a viscoelastic transition at about 4 GHz. while the more remote water (secondary hydration) undergoes this transition at about 80 GHz. Melting can be brought about by an increase in the phonon population in the small bandwidth occupied by modes which contribute stretch amplitude to the bridging hydrogen bonds.