cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decoy plantings for reducing blackbird damage to nearby commercial sunflower fields

Abstract Field tests were conducted in North Dakota in August, September and October 1981 to 1983 inclusive, to determine if decoy plantings of nine sunflower fields and one interplanted corn/sunflower field would reduce blackbird (Icterinae) damage to nearby commercial sunflower fields. Total seed consumption by blackbirds of sunflower (90 ha) and corn (7 ha) was 87860 kg, worth US$26533·72 based on the average 3-year market price of $0·302/kg. The average cost of planting a decoy field was $74/ha for a total cost of $7178. The yearly cost-benefit ratio varied from 1:2 · 1 to 1:4·7 with an overall study average of 1:3·7. From 1981 to 1983, the annual median seed consumption in decoy fields was 917, 1210, and 1121 kg/ha compared with surrounding commercial fields within 11 km of the decoy fields which had losses of 4,99 and 115 kg/ha, respectively. In 1981, a comparison of losses between sunflower fields in Bottineau County and commercial sunflower fields within 11 km of decoy fields provided statistical evidence (P =0·0651) that there was less damage to commercial fields surrounding the decoy crops; this difference in losses was attributed to the presence of the decoy fields. Average blackbird numbers observed entering decoy fields per minute per hectare were 69 (1981), 49 (1982) and 91 (1983). Peak roost populations associated with decoy fields ranged from 72000 to 215000 blackbirds. Overall, redwings constituted about 83% of all blackbirds observed in decoy fields.
Far-Field Diffraction by a Semi-Infinite Plane: Parallel Polarization*

The exact solution due to Sommerfeld for the problem of two-dimensional diffraction of a plane wave caused by a perfectly conducting, infinitesimally thick, semi-infinite plane is verified quantitatively in all quadrants for the case when the incident electric field is polarized parallel to the axis of the edge. Measurements were performed under experimental conditions consistent with the theoretical, using microwaves incident on a half-plane having a thickness of 0.059λ. Effects of the finite thickness of the half-plane have also been examined with the use of 0.18λ- and 0.37λ-thick sheets. The diffraction patterns exhibit insubstantial thickness effects in all quadrants. The nature of the thickness independence is discussed from considerations based upon singularities of the surface current density that exist only in the case of parallel polarization. Our measurements together with their attendant analysis provide an explanation of why earlier investigators established qualitative agreement with Sommerfeld’s solution, in spite of the fact that their laboratory arrangements demonstrated discrepancies with the stringent experimental configuration imposed by the idealized problem.
Add-on therapies to metformin for type 2 diabetes

Importance of the field: As of 2010, approximately 285 million people worldwide have diabetes; that number is estimated to increase to 439 million by 2030. The majority of these individuals (> 90%) have type 2 diabetes, a chronic and progressive disease.Areas covered in this review: Metformin monotherapy is a safe and effective option. However, its effects on glycemia are typically of limited durability. Progressive loss of β-cell function and failure of metformin monotherapy to control glucose adequately prompt the addition of other oral antidiabetic drugs, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones, which have their own limitations. Evidence suggests that incretin-based agents can successfully achieve glycemic control while potentially providing cardiovascular and β-cell-function benefits.What the reader will gain: Knowledge of the available clinical evidence on the incretin-based therapies and other pharmacotherapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes who fail first-line therapy with metform...
Strategies of absolute pitch possessors in the learning of an unfamiliar scale

Possessors of absolute pitch and control subjects were trained and later tested to identify pitches labeled with arbitrary note names. Although the absolute pitch subjects learned better than the controls, there was no difference in learning rate. Results are discussed in terms of sensory memory and category availability.
Multilayered Justice in Northern Uganda: ICC Intervention and Local Procedures of Accountability

In an effort to redress the effects of the civil war in Northern Uganda, local, state and international officials have begun to study the feasibility of re-adapting the procedures of local justice, including mato oput, a local procedure practiced by the Acholi tribe. This article examines this evolving multilayered project of justice in Northern Uganda. It addresses two features of this model: (1) the central features of local justice, in particular mato oput, and (2) the complementary relationship between mato oput, the state, and the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) victims’ unit and the victims’ trust fund. It argues that closer and more effective ties between the ICC and local procedures of justice can be developed. Not only does this relationship constitute an evolving framework for addressing the political realities of ICC intervention, but it also raises many important practical implications for reaching out to the local population.
Sound Propagation in Normal and Superfluid 3 He

We present measurements of the pressure dependence of the attenuation and velocity of sound in the hydrodynamic regime and in both the normal and superfluid zero sound regime of 3He. The velocity and attenuation were studied at a frequency of 20.24 MHz and at pressures of 17.00, 21.00, 21.50, 21.80, 22.00, 23.17, 26.00, and 28.00 bar in the zero sound regime. In the hydrodynamic region the temperature dependence of the attenuation was studied at 5.48 and 10.02 MHz and at pressures of 0.69, 1.38, and 2.76 bar. At a pressure of 29.3 bar and frequency of 20.24 MHz the transition from hydrodynamic to zero sound behavior was studied for both the velocity and attenuation. In addition, the anisotropy of the velocity and the attenuation as a function of the angle between the direction of an applied external magnetic field and the sound propagation direction was observed in the superfluid A phase at a pressure of 26.0 bar; no anisotropy was observed in the B phase at 21.0 bar. The observed behavior associated with a collective excitation of the order parameter in the B phase is shown to be qualitatively in agreement with theoretical predictions. At pressures slightly above the polycritical point some unexplained structure is observed in the velocity near the AB transition.
Racial Desegregation Magnet Schools, Vouchers, Privatization, and Home Schooling

L'impact des mesures et reformes de l'enseignement concernant principalement l'education en milieu urbain sur le processus de desegregation raciale et sur l'education des minorites et des eleves issus de familles defavorisees
Networked Haptic Interaction to Implement “Hand in Hand” Human Motor Skill Training for Tank Gunnery

The "hand in hand" approach has been validated as effective in human motor skill training, such as handwriting, drawing, driving and so on. This paper proposes a networked haptic interaction system to simulate the "hand in hand" training scheme for tank gunnery which requires tank gunners to complete tasks accurately and quickly. In the haptic-based training system, a network connecting two haptic devices plays the role of putting hands together, based on which the algorithms of haptic guidance and correction in real-time are developed for skill transmission between experts and trainees. The manner in which the traditional spring- damper model plays a role for high speed and high precision skill training is focused upon, since accuracy and operating speed are both critical in tank gunnery. An unbalanced spring control scheme is presented to benefit experts in accurately regulating trainees' operations without considering whether trainees are obedient in doing so.
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) Reduces Fetal Lung Liquid Production Independent of Changes in Pulmonary Blood Flow. † 1483

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) Reduces Fetal Lung Liquid Production Independent of Changes in Pulmonary Blood Flow. † 1483
FACTOR ANALYTIC SCALES OF NEED ACHIEVEMENT.

(1964). Factor Analytic Scales of Need Achievement. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 59-67.
Effects of the light environment on oviposition preference and survival of a leaf‐mining moth, Cameraria hamadryadella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), on Quercus alba L.

. 1. Oviposition preference and the survival and mortality of larvae of Cameraria hamadryadella (Lepidoptera) on the foliage of Quercus alba L. (Fagaceae) in sun and shade were examined. To separate the effects of the environment of foliation from that of rearing, C. hamadryadella were allowed to oviposit on oak saplings that foliated either in the sun or shade. Subsequently, trees were placed into the sun or shade and larval survival was monitored. 2. Trees that foliated in the shade had leaves that were 30% longer than those that foliated in the sun. However, the density of leaf mines did not differ between trees that foliated in the sun or shade. 3. Larval survival was higher in the shade than in the sun, but no difference in survival due to the site of foliation was detected. Differences in larval survival between the sun and shade environments could not be attributed to differences in natural enemy mortality. However, ‘death by other causes’ was higher for larvae reared in the sun than in the shade. In sunny environments photochemical processes may reduce foliage quality, which results in lower survival of C. hamadryadella larvae. 4. Ovipositing C. hamadryadella do not appear to discriminate between foliage produced in the sun or shade. This lack of discrimination, coupled with the fact that ovipositing C. hamadryadella are active after dark, accounts for the absence of a difference in abundance between sun and shade. 5. The results presented here, combined with other published studies, argue that different patterns of insect herbivory and abundance in relation to the light level experienced by host-plant foliage might be expected for species that oviposit either in the night or in the day.
Rapid blue-light-mediated induction of protein interactions in living cells

Dimerizers allowing inducible control of protein-protein interactions are powerful tools for manipulating biological processes. Here we describe genetically encoded light-inducible protein-interaction modules based on Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 and CIB1 that require no exogenous ligands and dimerize on blue-light exposure with subsecond time resolution and subcellular spatial resolution. We demonstrate the utility of this system by inducing protein translocation, transcription and Cre recombinase-mediated DNA recombination using light.
Chronic myeloid leukemia as a secondary malignancy after ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma

The development of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the adolescent population is very rare. CML occurring as a secondary malignancy in individuals treated for anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is also rare. We present the case of a 16-year-old adolescent boy who developed a right orbital mass that was diagnosed as ALCL with the t(2;5)(p23;q25) chromosomal aberration. Four years after receiving treatment for ALCL, he presented with a swollen leg and a white cell count of 431,000. Peripheral blood and bone marrow evaluation revealed a myeloproliferative disorder. Cytogenetic and molecular studies demonstrated the presence of t(9;22). We present the histopathologic, molecular, and cytogenetic findings of this patient's initial presentation with systemic ALCL as well as his secondary presentation with CML 4 years later. Therapy-related CML and non-therapy-related secondary CML are discussed as potential explanations of this highly unusual clinical presentation.
Inhibition of energy-transducing functions of chloroplast membranes by lipophilic iron chelators.

Abstract Lipophilic metal chelators inhibit various energy-transducing functions of chloroplasts. The following observations were made. 1. Photophosphorylation coupled to any known mode of electron transfer, i.e. whole-chain noncyclic, the partial noncyclic Photosystem I or Photosystem II reactions, or cyclic, is inhibited by several lipophilic chelators, but not by hydrophilic chelators. 2. The light- and dithioerythritol-dependent Mg2+-ATPase was also inhibited by the lipophilic chelators. 3. Electron transport through either partial reaction, Photosystem I or Photosystem II was not inhibited by lipophilic chelators. Whole-chain coupled electron transport was inhibited by bathophenanthroline, and the inhibition was not reversed by uncouplers. The diketone chelators diphenyl propanedione and nonanedione inhibited the coupled, whole-chain electron transport and the inhibition was reversed by uncouplers, a pattern typical of energy transfer inhibitors. The electron transport inhibition site is localized in the region of plastoquinone → cytochrome f. This inhibition site is consistent with other recent work (Prince et al. (1975) FEBS Lett. 51, 108 and Malkin and Aparicio (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63, 1157) showing that a non-heme iron protein is present in chloroplasts having a redox potential near +290 mV. A likely position for such a component to function in electron transport would be between plastoquinone and cytochrome f, just where our data suggests there to be a functional metalloprotein. 4. Some of the lipophilic chelators induce H+ leakiness in the chloroplast membrane, making interpretation of their phosphorylation inhibition difficult. However, 1–3 mM nonanedione does not induce significant H+ leakiness, while inhibiting ATP formation and the Mg2+-ATPase. Nonanedione, at those concentrations, causes a two- to four-fold increase in the extent of H+ uptake. 5. These results are consistent with, but do not prove, the involvement of a non-heme iron or a metalloprotein in chloroplast energy transduction.
Purification and characterization of lamb pregastric lipase.

Lamb pregastric lipase was purified from a commercial source using delipidation, solubilization with KSCN, acid-precipitation, pepsin-digestion, affinity chromatography with agarose-Cibacron Blue F3GA, gel filtration, and elution from a native 10% (w/v) poly-acrylamide gel. The enzyme had a single subunit of 68,000 Da with maximum esterase activity when measured at pH 6.0 and 30°C. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed short- and medium-chain (C4, C6, and C8) synthetic esters and short-chain (C4 and C6) monoacid triglycerides. The NH2-terminal sequence demonstrated high homology with gastric and lingual lipases.
Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with thyroid cancer in adolescent patients

Three girls had Hashimoto thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Cervical exploration revealed a follicular carcinoma in one, an oxyphilic cell carcinoma in another, and a papillary carcinoma in the third. These cases and clinical and pathologic data to the previously debated concept that Hashimoto thyroiditis coexists with thyroid carcinoma.
Assessing condylar changes with digital subtraction radiography

Transcranial radiographs of the temporomandibular joint with and without simulated pathology were compared with digital subtracted and histogram equalized images of the same joints. Subtracted images had specificity and sensitivity values of 0.83 and 0.76 respectively, compared with values of 0.42 and 0.54 for conventional radiographs. It was concluded that digital subtraction radiography has the potential to increase the diagnostic yield of transcranial temporomandibular radiography for bony changes to the condylar head.
Dynamical mean field theory for diatomic molecules and the exact double counting

Dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) combined with the local density approximation (LDA) is widely used in solids to predict properties of correlated systems. In this study, a parameter-free version of the LDA+DMFT framework is implemented and tested on one of the simplest strongly correlated systems, the ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecule. Specifically, we propose a method to calculate the exact intersection of LDA and DMFT that leads to highly accurate subtraction of the doubly counted correlation in both methods. When the exact-double-counting treatment and a good projector to the correlated subspace are used, LDA+DMFT yields a very accurate total energy and excitation spectrum of ${\text{H}}_{2}$. We also discuss how this double-counting scheme can be extended to solid state calculations.
A case study in connectomics: the history, mapping, and connectivity of the claustrum.

The claustrum seems to have been waiting for the science of connectomics. Due to its tiny size, the structure has remained remarkably difficult to study until modern technological and mathematical advancements like graph theory, connectomics, diffusion tensor imaging, HARDI, and excitotoxic lesioning. That does not mean, however, that early methods allowed researchers to assess micro-connectomics. In fact, the claustrum is such an enigma that the only things known for certain about it are its histology, and that it is extraordinarily well connected. In this literature review, we provide background details on the claustrum and the history of its study in the human and in other animal species. By providing an explanation of the neuroimaging and histology methods have been undertaken to study the claustrum thus far – and the conclusions these studies have drawn – we illustrate this example of how the shift from micro-connectomics to macro-connectomics advances the field of neuroscience and improves our capacity to understand the brain.
The Endocannabinoids Anandamide and Virodhamine Modulate the Activity of the Candidate Cannabinoid Receptor GPR55

The role of cannabinoid receptors in inflammation has been the topic of many research endeavors. Despite this effort, to date the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in inflammation remains obscure. The ambiguity of cannabinoid involvement may be explained by the existence of cannabinoid receptors, other than CB1 and CB2, or a consequence of interaction of endocannabinoids with other signaling systems. GPR55 has been proposed to be a cannabinoid receptor; however the interaction of the endocannabinoid system with GPR55 remains elusive. Consequently this study set about to examine the effects of the endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and virodhamine, on GPR55 mediated signaling. Specifically, we assessed changes in β-arrestin2 (βarr2) distribution and GPR55 receptor internalization following activation by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), the synthetic cannabinoid ligand SR141716A, and new selective synthetic GPR55 agonists. Data obtained from the experiments presented herein demonstrate that AEA and virodhamine modulate agonist-mediated recruitment of βarr2. AEA and virodhamine act as partial agonists; enhancing the agonist effect at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. Furthermore, both virodhamine and AEA significantly attenuated agonist-induced internalization of GPR55. These effects are attributed to the expression of GPR55, and not CB1 and CB2 receptors, as we have established negligible expression of CB1 and CB2 in these GPR55-transfected U2OS cells. The identification of select endocannabinoids as GPR55 modulators will aide in elucidating the function of GPR55 in the ECS.
Immune clearance of phosphatidylserine-expressing cells by phagocytes: The role of β2-glycoprotein I in macrophage recognition

Abstract The function of β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), a 50-kDa serum glycoprotein, is not completely understood but has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of thrombosis (Brighton, T. A., Hogg, P. J., Dai, Y.-P., Murray, B. H., Choing, B. H., and Chesterman, C. N. (1996) Br. J. Haematol. 93, 185–194) and the clearance of phosphatidylserine (PS)-expressing cells (Chonn, A., Semple S. C., and Cullis P. R. (1995)J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25845–25849). To further understand the role of this protein, we characterized the ability of β2GPI to interact with PS vesicles and influence their uptake by macrophages in vitro. β2GPI bound to and precipitated vesicles containing anionic but not zwitterionic phospholipids in a gel diffusion assay. β2GPI also inhibited the procoagulant activity of PS liposomes. In vitro phagocytosis studies showed 20-fold greater uptake of PS liposomes over phosphatidylcholine liposomes. This enhanced uptake was maintained even after PS was “shielded” with β2GPI and further increased upon the addition of β2GPI antibodies. Similar to liposomes, PS-expressing apoptotic thymocytes and lipid symmetric red blood cell ghosts bound β2GPI. Macrophage uptake of these cells was also maintained or enhanced in the presence of β2GPI and further increased upon the addition of β2GPI antibodies. It is concluded that β2GPI can play a critical role in hemostasis by influencing both thrombosis and the clearance of PS-expressing cells.
Self-tracking of contrast kinetics for automatic triggering of contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography.

Purpose—To develop a method for automatically triggering centric data acquisition during contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRA. Materials and Methods—The hypothesis of this work is that the blood signal changes during contrast infusion can be estimated by obtaining a projection of the heart during inversion-recovery prepared data acquisition. A validation study was performed on 7 healthy volunteers to test this hypothesis. The peak blood signal enhancement detected from the projection was then used to automatically trigger the start of central k-space data acquisition. Simulations were performed to compare the SNR of the proposed self-triggering method with the fixed delay method. 6 healthy volunteers were scanned on a 3T MR system using the proposed self-triggered method to test its effectiveness on coronary artery visualization. Results—Based on the validation study, the self-triggering method provides an accurate representation of the contrast enhancement. Based on the simulations, self-triggering with centric ordering is expected to give a 27% higher SNR than linear ordering with a fixed imaging delay. Self-triggering was successfully used in all volunteers and showed excellent depiction of the major coronary arteries. Conclusion—The self-triggering method can be used to automatically determine the optimal delay time for central k-space acquisition, for each individual subject, without the need of any extra setup or user interaction.
A rapid spectrophotometric procedure for the simultaneous micro determination of carbamazepine and 5, 5-diphenyl-hydantoin in blood.

Abstract Carbamazepine and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin are simultaneously extracted from 100–200 μl blood with 1,2-dichloroethane. 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is removed by a one-step wash into alkali. The dichloroethane is further washed with acid and then evaporated to dryness. 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is determined in the alkali washing by a benzophenone procedure; carbamazepine is determined in the dried residue by the 9-methylacridine procedure earlier described. The combined method is rapid, reliable and has a detection threshold of less than 0.1 mg/100 ml for each drug.
The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis

All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on these processes, yet our understanding of behavioral decision-making mechanisms and their evolution is still very limited. Insights from mammals indicate that two neural circuits are of crucial importance in this context: the social behavior network and the mesolimbic reward system. Here we review evidence from neurochemical, tract-tracing, developmental, and functional lesion/stimulation studies that delineates homology relationships for most of the nodes of these two circuits across the five major vertebrate lineages: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. We provide for the first time a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two neural circuits and conclude that they were already present in early vertebrates. We also propose that these circuits form a larger social decision-making (SDM) network that regulates adaptive behavior. Our synthesis thus provides an important foundation for understanding the evolution of the neural mechanisms underlying reward processing and behavioral regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3599–3639, 2011.
Getting Active in the Gulf: Environmental Attitudes and Action Following Two Mississippi Coastal Disasters

The current study examined the impact of the Gulf Oil Spill and Hurricane Katrina, environmental attitudes, and environmental action among residents of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The authors sought to determine if disaster impact, worry about the environment, or connection to nature was associated with environmental action following the oil spill and in general. We hypothesized that disaster impact and environmental attitudes would be significantly associated with environmental action. Surveys were administered to 1,108 individuals receiving mental health services in connection with the Gulf Oil Spill. Results indicated that disaster impact was correlated with environmental worry, connection to nature, and action. Additionally, environmental worry and connection to nature were significantly associated with action, as were the effects of Hurricane Katrina to a lesser degree. This study supplements the existing literature by examining environmental attitudes, disaster impact, and their association with environmental action following two disasters.
Opiate receptor function may be modulated through an oxidation-reduction mechanism

Cupric ion, a thiol oxidant, caused naloxone-reversible analgesia when injected intracerebroventricularly in mice; its potency was close to that of morphine. Dithiothreitol, a thiol reductant, reversed the analgesia induced by cupric ion and antagonized analgesia induced by morphine. Oxidized dithiothreitol had no effect. These findings, together with evidence for redox modification of opiate receptor binding in vitro, suggest that a mechanism of oxidation-reduction of thiols may modulate opiate receptor function.
Algebraic modular forms

In this paper, we develop an algebraic theory of modular forms, for connected, reductive groupsG overQ with the property that every arithmetic subgroup Γ ofG(Q) is finite. This theory includes our previous work [15] on semi-simple groupsG withG(R) compact, as well as the theory of algebraic Hecke characters for Serre tori [20]. The theory of algebraic modular forms leads to a workable theory of modular forms (modp), which we hope can be used to parameterize odd modular Galois representations.
Mapping of class I DNA sequences within the human major histocompatibility complex.

Mutants that had lost expression of alleles of one or more HLA loci were isolated with immunoselection after γ-irradiation of a human lymphoblastoid cell line LCL 721. DNAs from the mutants were digested with restriction endonucleases and analyzed by Southern blotting using probes for class I HLA genes. Eight polymorphic cut sites for HindIII and PvuII were discovered in class I-associated sequences of LCL 721. Losses of specific fragments generated by restriction enzymes could be associated with losses of specific antigenic expressions and it was possible in this way to assign HLA-Al, HLA-A2, and HLA-B8 to specific DNA fragments. Patterns of γ-ray-induced segregations of DNA fragments permitted rough linkage alignment of about 30% of the fragments generated by PvuII. The resultant map showed that there are class I HLA genes on the telomeric side of the HLA-A locus. Restriction enzyme site polymorphisms were also examined in a panel of DNAs isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of HLA-typed individuals. This panel of PBL DNA complemented the analysis using the HLA deletion mutants.
Primary lymphoma of the colon and rectum: CT and barium enema correlation

This paper presents the computed tomographic (CT) and barium enema (BE) findings in seven patients with proven primary lymphoma of the colon and rectum. CT and BE examination are complimentary studies in the evaluation of primary lymphoma of the colorectum, and certain relevant findings may be missed when radiographic evaluation does not include both modalities. Both CT and barium studies are very accurate in detecting bulky endoexoenteric tumor masses, although CT may suggest features which can differentiate primary lymphoma from adenocarcinoma. The real utility of obtaining both a CT and BE examination may lie more in diagnosing complications, such as fistula formation and in the evaluation of subtle infiltrative lesions. While CT is necessary for staging purposes, BE examination may be invaluable for detecting subtle mucosal filling defects which could be missed on CT.
A study of hysteretic absorption in polycrystalline high-T/sub c/ superconductor YBCO

The low-field microwave absorption in polycrystalline specimens of the high-T/sub c/ superconductor YBCO is studied. The low-field absorption derivative signal as measured using EPR techniques in the X-band at low fields (H >
Visible Light Absorption of N-Doped TiO2 Rutile Using (LR/RT)-TDDFT and Active Space EOMCCSD Calculations

We have performed detailed ground- and excited-state calculations of pure and N-doped TiO2 rutile to model and analyze the experimentally observed UV/vis spectrum. Using our embedding model, we have performed both linear response (LR) and real-time (RT) TDDFT calculations of the excited states of the pure and N-doped systems. We have also studied the lowest excitations using high-level active space equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOMCC) approaches involving all single and interband double excitations. We compare and contrast the nature of the excitations in detail for the pure and doped systems and also provide an analysis of the excited-state density using our RT-TDDFT calculations. Our calculations indicate a lowering of the band gap and verify the role of the N3– states on the observed spectrum of N-doped TiO2 rutile as suggested by experimental findings. Both RT-TDDFT and EOMCC calculations show that the excitations in pure TiO2 are more delocalized compared with the N-doped system.
Phosvitin, A Phosphoglycoprotein†

Studies of viscosity, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism on the phosphoglycoprotein phosvitin indicate that this protein resembles a polyelectrolyte. At alkaline pH phosvitin has an unordered conformation, whereas at pH 3.0 to 3.6 some β-structure is present. When at pH 3.6 an organic solvent is added to a phosvitin solution the protein undergoes a transition from the random conformation to β-structure. Similarly, if phosvitin interacts with the polybases poly-L-lysine and protamine the complexes form a β-pleated sheet structure.
A Nested Multivariate Utility Copulas Approach to Aggregating User Experience Partworths for Aircraft Cabin Interior Design

User experience (UX) design involves combination of different design attributes with their corresponding attribute levels to form different product profiles. This raises the issue of how to integrate corresponding UX of individual design attribute levels (i.e., partworth UX measures) into a holistic measure of UX of the entire product profile. Traditional methods often use a weighted sum of single partworth UX strategy without considering their dependence. This paper proposes to use utility copulas to accommodate the dependence of individual partworth UX measures. Single utility functions are constructed based on cumulative prospect theory, based on which multivariate Archimedean utility copulas are constructed using a nested structure based on the modularized attributes. A case study of aircraft cabin interior design is demonstrated to show the potential and feasibility of the proposed methodology.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Indomethacin and ibuprofen enhance anoxia-induced hyperemia in rat brain☆

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the rat was monitored by a venous outflow technique with an extracorporeal circulation, which allows for the continuous recording of CBF over periods of several hours. Following intraperitoneal administration, two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, indomethacin and ibuprofen (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) showed a tendency to increase resting CBF and the reactive hyperemia elicited by a brief (24 s) anoxic challenge was potentiated. A third agent, diclofenac sodium, was less effective, enhancing the hyperemic response only at the higher (0.1 mg/kg) dose level. The results indicate that indomethacin and ibuprofen may be of value in the treatment of diseases involving cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Co-Initiator for Dentin Adhesives: Polymerization Kinetics and Leachables Study

A new tertiary amine co-initiator containing three methacrylate-urethane groups was synthesized for the application in dentin adhesives. The photopolymerization kinetics and leaching of unreacted components from methacrylate-based dental polymers formulated with this new co-initiator were determined. The newly synthesized co-initiator showed good chemical stability and decreased amine release from the initiator system. This study provides important information for the future development of biocompatible dentin adhesives/composites.
Mythology to reality: Case report on a giant cutaneous horn of the scalp in an African American female

We present a case study of a patient with a rare and disfiguring dermatologic condition known as cornu cutaneum, or giant cutaneous horn (GCH). While this condition has been well described in people of European and Asian ancestry, its presence in African populations is perceived to be rare and has not been reported in the literature until recently. We present the case of cornu cutaneum in a woman of African descent, contributing to the recent evidence that this condition may not be as rare in African populations as believed. Etiologic factors, epidemiology and management are also reviewed.
Application of Probabilistic Methods for Predicting the Remaining Life of Offshore Pipelines

When offshore pipelines are approaching the end of their design life or have gone beyond their design life, their condition could possibly threaten oil flow continuity (through leak or rupture) as well as become a potential safety or environmental hazard. Some of the pipelines may show signs of deterioration and ageing due to corrosion, cracking or other damage mechanisms. Any assets, such as the pipeline, may be desired to continue transporting hydrocarbons beyond its design life due to increased oil and gas demand, due to unforeseen increased oil and gas reserves, or due to upgrade where additional assets are tied-into the existing pipeline system. Other situations may force operators to maintain the pipeline’s design life in spite of premature ageing of the pipe wall caused by the increased corrosion growth or other anomalies. Hence, there may be a need to assess the remaining life of pipeline in order to determine if it is capable of coping with current and future operational demand. The first task in the assessment process is to identify degradation mechanisms and their rate of growth, then estimate uncertainties in the collected data concerning pipeline flaw geometry, pipeline mechanical properties and operating characteristics. Based on the collected data and the assessment, the probability and consequence of failure can be determined. The remaining life of a pipeline is the time it takes the pipeline to fail or exceed the target failure probability. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the condition of ageing pipelines and determining the remaining life that supports extended operation without compromising safety and reliability. Applying this methodology would facilitate a well-informed decision that enables decision makers to determine the best strategy or adequate course of action for assessing and maintaining the integrity of ageing pipelines.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A Class of Minimum Weight Shafts

Light weight shafts reduce bearing forces and allow the use of smaller bearings, seals, and supports. The Minimum Principle is used to set up the problem of determining the minimum weight shaft for a specified critical speed of given order. Specific examples include simply supported shafts and cantilevered shafts with and without a disk. The designs are obtained from the solution to a nonlinear multi-point boundary-value-problem. Minimum weight configurations represent a standard against which other designs, such as stepped shafts, can be compared.
Projections of Forest and Rangeland Condition Indicators for a National Assessment

/ This paper discusses projections of emerging geographic areas of concern with regard to forest and rangeland condition, as indicated by a model based on a set of independent econometric production functions for condition indicators at the national scale. These production functions reflect two special characteristics: (1) the independence of ecological systems from human control, and (2) the broad scale spatial nature of environmental and ecological processes. The emphasis in this paper is the model projections themselves, which are presented and discussed using national-scale maps.KEY WORDS: Resource interactions; Land management planning; Econometric production functions; Modeling; environmental outputshttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/24n3p383.html
Medical student attitudes to psychiatry: lack of effect of psychiatric hospital experience

Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry before and after their final (sixth) year psychiatric clerkship at a large psychiatric hospital were measured. We anticipated that exposure to severe, chronic psychiatric illness would affect student attitudes, and we undertook this study to investigate the direction and parameters of attitude change. However, no significant change in attitude was found. Variables considered included the students' interest in a career in psychiatry, their perception of the adequacy of their psychiatric training, their final examination results, and the gender of students and preceptors, none of which were found to correlate with attitudes.
Sexually different growth histories of the American eel in four rivers in Maine

Abstract Growth histories of yellow-phase American eels Anguilla rostrata collected in four rivers in Maine, were back-calculated from sagittal otolith increments. Our objectives were to first determine whether sexually dimorphic growth rates exist and then compare the growth histories of American eels from four rivers within a geographic region. For female eels, the maximum growth rate was 31.9 ± 1.7 mm/year at age 8, decreasing to 25.1 ± 2.9 mm/year at age 14. Males attained a maximum of 29.8 ± 1.6 mm/year at age 3, decreasing to a minimum of 17.9 ± 1.3 mm/year at age 11. Females grew faster than males after age 4 and had a slower reduction in growth rate with age. These faster growth rates among females were similar in all four rivers. The observed growth rates are not consistent with current life history hypotheses and may indicate an alternative life history strategy. Because female eels benefit from a larger size (i.e., size refuge, increased fecundity, and greater niche breadth), they would benefit...
An approach for isolation of mutants defective in 35S ribosomal RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract We have developed a method to isolate mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are primarily defective in the transcription of 35S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes by RNA polymerase I. The method uses a system in which the 35S rRNA gene is fused to the GAL7 promoter and is transcribed by RNA polymerase II under control of the GAL regulatory system. Chromosomal mutations affecting components specifically involved in synthesis of 35S rRNA by RNA polymerase I can be suppressed by this hybrid gene in the presence of inducer (galactose) but not in its absence. We looked for mutants the growth of which depended on the presence of plasmid expressing the hybrid gene. For this purpose, we used a red/white-colony color assay as the initial screen followed by a test for galactose-dependent growth. We have thus isolated many mutants and identified at least nine genes (RRN1-RRN9) involved in 35S rRNA synthesis, two of which correspond to known RNA polymerase I subunit genes RPA190 and RPA135.
Race, Place and Soccer: Egypt, Morocco and ‘African’ identity in the competition to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup

This article examines the legitimizing narratives that emerged around the bids of South Africa, Egypt and Morocco to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. FIFA’s decision to place the Cup Finals on African soil for the first time forced the bidding nations to demonstrate their ‘African’ credentials. The bid committees of each nation were thus challenged to negotiate between narratives of modernity on the one hand, and the geographic, cultural, historical and racial imaginary of ‘Africa’ on the other. South African officials framed themselves as representatives of a shared African history of colonial oppression and modern development. For Morocco and Egypt, ‘representing’ Africa presented different discursive challenges. For Morocco, its Arab identity, close ties with Europe, and withdrawal from the Organization of African Unity in the 1980s; Egypt, meanwhile, had since the 1960s, claimed a leadership role in African affairs, but also used the racist logic of European imperialism to justify 130 years of occupation...
Maternal satisfaction with clinic-referred children: assessment by use of a single-subject methodology

Prior research has indicated that maternal perception of or satisfaction with their children may be predicted by factors other than the child's behavior. The present study was designed to examine this issue further by using a single-subject methodology, improving the assessment procedures utilized, and increasing the number of predictor variables. It was hypothesized that factors other than child behavior would contribute to maternal satisfaction with the child but that the particular factor would vary across mothers. Two clinic-referred children and their mothers served as subjects. Prior to, during, and after treatment, the mothers completed a daily series of questionnaires to assess satisfaction with her child, daily child behavior, maternal depression, the marital relationship, and physical health. The results indicated that maternal satisfaction and maternal report of child behavior changed with treatment. The hypothesis was confirmed as physical health for one mother and the marital relationship for the second mother combined with child behavior to predict maternal satisfaction. Correlational analyses suggested that the maternal satisfaction with the child is related more to the child's negative behavior than positive behavior. The implications of the findings and of the methodology which was employed are discussed.
Linker modification reduced the renal uptake of technetium-99m-labeled Arg-Ala-Asp-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the biodistribution of 99m Tc-RAD-Arg-(Arg 11 )CCMSH in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice to determine whether the replacement of the Lys linker with an Arg linker could decrease the renal uptake of 99m Tc-RAD-Arg-(Arg 11 )CCMSH. 99m Tc-RAD-Arg-(Arg 11 )CCMSH exhibited rapid and high tumor uptake (17.98 ± 4.96% ID/g at 2 h post-injection) in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. As compared to 99m Tc-RAD-Lys-(Arg 11 )CCMSH, the replacement of the Lys linker with an Arg linker dramatically decreased the renal uptake of 99m Tc-RAD-Arg-(Arg 11 )CCMSH by 68%, 62%, 73% and 64% at 0.5, 2, 4 and 24 h post-injection, respectively. Flank B16/F1 melanoma lesions were clearly imaged at 2 h post-injection using 99m Tc-RAD-Arg-(Arg 11 )CCMSH as an imaging probe.
A method for determination of pyridine nucleotides using a single extract.

Intracellular redox levels play an important role in physiology and pathophysiology. The principal intracellular reductant is NADPH, which is required for both the proper activity of the entire antioxidant system and important prooxidant enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase. Thus an easy and accurate measurement of NADPH is very desirable. The method described in this paper is based on the fact that NADH and NADPH (not NAD(+) and NADP(+)) affect absorbance at 340 nm. A single cell extract is separated into three aliquots (A(1), A(2), and A(3)). A(1) is untreated and the absorbance at 340 nm is measured. A(2) is treated with an enzyme that converts all of the NADP(+) to NADPH and then the absorbance at 340 nm is measured. A(3) is treated with an enzyme that converts all of the NADPH to NADP(+) and then the absorbance at 340 nm is measured. A(1) - A(3) is the NADPH content and A(2) - A(1) is the NADP(+) content of the extract. Using this method, we have obtained full recovery of all added nucleotides from cell extracts, thus making the method suitable for the quick determination of NADP(+) and NADPH in living cells. We conclude that this method for the measurement of NADP(+) and NADPH is rapid, simple, accurate, and reliable.
Multiple objective planning for regional blood centers.

There is no substitute for human blood and the demand for blood to use in modern surgical procedures in increasing significantly faster than the population. Numerous management science reseachers have recognized the need to improve the management of the blood resource. This paper is the first effort directed towards annual planning of the operation of a regional blood system. One main point of the paper is that no matter how well inventory is controlled on a day to day basis, the blood administrator must have an annual plan to attain the goals of a blood service organization. The model formulated in this study can help a regional blood administrator determine the magnitude of the blood collection effort and the size of the regional blood inventory. The decision method developed is based on multiple objective techniques and is especially relevant to health car delivery problems. An example of the procedure is then applied to a large urban-rural blood region located in the eastern United States.
The Thompson effect is a function of the presence or absence of preoperative memories

Rats were first prepared with unilateral injuries to the posterior cerebral cortex. Then they were trained on the black-white discrimination problem, and afterwards were tested for performance of the problem after having been prepared with contralateral posterior injuries. The animals exhibited complete forgetting of the habit. The finding indicates that the protection of retention that is commonly observed in subjects that are trained between two successive posterior ablations is a function of their having a preoperative memory to recall. It also contradicts predictions from the theory of cortical suppression and the theory of state-dependency.
Effects of sintering of TiO2 particles on the mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of organic molecules in water

Abstract Partial degradations of 4-methoxyresorcinol and p- anisyl-1-neopentyl alcohol were carried out with the PC series of photocatalysts from Millenium Chemicals and with Degussa P25. The PC series of anatase catalysts varies only in the degree of sintering, and thus particle size and type of crystal defects. The initial product distributions were not substantially sensitive to catalyst, implying that none of the major products depended on particular binding sites that could be annealed away. Rate constants varied from catalyst to catalyst, but not dramatically, on a weight-to-volume basis. Thus there was also not a direct connection between available surface area and the rate of degradation. The product distribution as a function of suspension pH is also discussed.