cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secretory Phospholipases A2 Are Secreted From Ciliated Cells and Increase Mucin and Eicosanoid Secretion From Goblet Cells

BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 ) initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, are increased in the airways of people with severe asthma, and induce mucin hypersecretion. We used IL-13-transformed, highly enriched goblet cells and differentiated (ciliary cell-enriched) human bronchial epithelial cell culture to evaluate the relative contribution of ciliated and goblet cells to airway sPLA 2 generation and response. We wished to determine the primary source(s) of sPLA 2 and leukotrienes in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells from subjects without lung disease were differentiated to a ciliated-enriched or goblet-enriched cell phenotype. Synthesis of sPLA 2 , cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), and airway mucin messenger RNA and protein was measured by real-time-polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the localization of mucin and sPLA 2 to specific cells types was confirmed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS sPLA 2 group IIa, V, and X messenger RNA expression was increased in ciliated-enriched cells ( P 2 were secreted from the apical (air) side of ciliated-enriched cells but not goblet-enriched cells ( P 2 V was strongly positive in ciliated-enriched cells but not in goblet-enriched cells. sPLA 2 released cysLTs from goblet-enriched cells but not from ciliated-enriched cells, and this result was greatest with sPLA 2 V ( P 2 V increased goblet-enriched cell mucin secretion, which was inhibited by inhibitors of lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase ( P CONCLUSIONS sPLA 2 are secreted from ciliated cells and appear to induce mucin and cysLT secretion from goblet cells, strongly suggesting that airway goblet cells are proinflammatory effector cells.
Sex differences in mouse platelet aggregation.

The role of platelets in the sex difference observed in mouse thrombosis models was evaluated by examining platelet diminution in vivo after thrombotic challenge, and aggregation of mouse platelets in PRP. A fall in platelet count was observed in both sexes after i.v. injection of either arachidonic acid or the thromboxane agonist, U46619. Platelet diminution induced by high dose arachidonate (50 mg/kg) was significantly greater in males compared to female mice. Responses to U46619 were similar in both sexes. In PRP, male platelets exhibited a greater response than female platelets to both ADP (15 uM) and arachidonate (0.3 mM), but not to U46619 (4.6 and 6.9 uM). These results suggest that the gender difference in arachidonate-induced sudden death, in which males are more susceptible than females, is related to a sex difference in mouse platelet function.
Evaluation of hurricane impact on composite power system reliability considering common-cause failures

Extreme adverse weather such as a hurricane can have a significant impact on composite power system reliability. Since hurricanes can cause the simultaneous failures of multiple system components, common-cause failures (CCF) should be investigated in the reliability evaluation of composite power systems when the effects of hurricanes are considered. A few techniques have been proposed to evaluate the effects of CCF, but they are not suitable for composite power systems. This paper proposes a method based on Bayesian networks (BN) to solve this problem. Basically, the proposed method uses the noisy OR-gate model to reduce the dimensional dilemma of the conditional probability method. This model also considers the independent failures of transmission lines and generating units during hurricanes. The functionality of a BN is determined by its configuration and the conditional probability distributions (CPD) associated with the nodes. In this paper, the CPD of BN is obtained by using random sampling. Since hurricanes usually last for only a limited period of time, a pseudo-repetitive temporal model is used to calculate the time-specific system reliability indices. The proposed method is applied to the modified IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS). The implementation demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and flexible in its applications.
Stress corrosion crack velocity and grain boundary precipitates in an Al-Zn-Mg alloy

The fracture kinetics of Al-5.5 Zn-2.5 Mg alloys submersed in 3 pct NaCl-H2O solutions were varied by heat treatment. The steady state velocity, on a plot of velocity vs stress intensity, was compared with microstructure and it was found to be inversely proportional to the volume of MgZn2 in the grain boundary. This behavior suggests that grain boundary precipitates can act as sacrificial anodes to retard intergranular stress corrosion cracking.
Effect of phosphatidylcholine liposomes on the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte activation.

Abstract The effect of phosphatidylcholine liposomes on the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte activation was examined in vitro in an attempt to determine whether liposomes influence the cell growth. Phosphatidylcholine liposomes reduced the cellular cholesterol level and effectively inhibited lymphocyte activation. On the other hand, phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes (molar ratio 1:1) increased the cellular cholesterol level and was relatively ineffective in the inhibition. After phosphatidylcholine treatment, the addition of high-density lipoprotein to the medium reversed the inhibition of lymphocyte activation. It is concluded that the inhibition was related to the attraction and association of cellular cholesterol with liposomes. This is consistent with the notion that cholesterol is required for successful blast transformation.
Accelerated decline in hepatic glucose production during fasting in normal women compared with men.

Plasma glucose values have been reported to be lower in women than in men after a 72-hour fast. However, a comparison of glucose kinetics in fasting men and women has not been described. Therefore, five normal men and five normal women underwent sequential 3-3H-glucose infusions after both a 14- and a 64-hour fast. Plasma glucose levels fell similarly during the fast in men (5.23 +/- 0.03 v 3.96 +/- 0.14 mmol/L, P less than .01) and women (4.84 +/- 0.14 v 3.65 +/- 0.25 mmol/L, P less than .01). The fall in plasma glucose was associated with a significantly greater fall in glucose appearance (Ra) in women compared with men (P less than .05). Ra fell 15.8% +/- 3.0% in men (2.11 +/- 0.24 to 1.79 +/- 0.24 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than .01) and 24.6% +/- 1.4% in women (2.22 +/- 0.17 to 1.67 +/- 0.12 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than .001). During the fast, plasma glycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels rose significantly and plasma alanine fell significantly in both sexes. Plasma glycerol levels were significantly higher in women compared with men after fasting (0.16 +/- 0.01 v 0.11 +/- 0.02 mmol/L, P less than .05). In addition, the transition from ambulation to bed rest demonstrated unexpected sex-related differences in glucose homeostasis after the 64-hour fast. During the two-hour equilibration period required for glucose kinetic studies (subjects reclining), significant decrements in glucose, FFA, and lactate were observed in the 64-hour fasted women but not in the men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the separation of concentric elastic rings

Abstract The problem of concentric smooth elastic rings subjected to self-equilibrating interfacial point loading is considered. The problem is approached as a moving intermediate boundary problem in the calculus of variations, and a closed-form analytical solution is obtained. Numerical results are presented revealing the characteristic behavior of the system. These features include snap-through buckling and a characteristic limiting boundary angle partitioning the separated and unseparated regions at low load levels.
Progressive relaxation for seizure reduction

Abstract It is widely accepted that stress and other environmental factors often trigger seizures in people with epilepsy. It is thus reasonable to hypothesize that behavioral approaches could minimize stress and improve seizure control, yet there have been very few controlled studies of this hypothesis and none that has involved long-term follow-up. To implement such a study, we involved 12 people with epilepsy in a training program for progressive relaxation therapy (PRT). Baseline seizure frequency of 8 weeks was compared to three 8-week follow-up periods. Median seizure frequency for the group decreased 21% after the first follow-up interval, from 19.5 to 15.5 (p = 0.07) and 54% after the third and final follow-up interval, from 19.5 to 9.0 (p = 0.02). This study also tried to answer two methodological questions. First, is it possible to abbreviate the most common protocol for PRT so that only three training sessions are required instead of 107 Second, is it possible that comparative newcomers to this field can become effective trainers? Both of these questions were answered in the affirmative by this study, although it is acknowledged that much more work needs to be done in these areas.
Medical audio response telecommunication information network

Abstract Continuing research in computerised voice response at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, has led to the design and implementation of a computer system which provides convenient, economical, and fast access to medical information through the use of the standard Touch Tone † †‘Touch Tone' is a registered trade mark of Bell Telephone Co. telephone. Requests are entered by the tone-generating push buttons and information is returned to the user by computer-generated voice through the telephone hand set. The design uses a small real-time computer as the communication link between users and several large time-sharing computers where the medical application programs are available. The system allows the user to obtain medical information easily since the communication computer performs all of the command functions necessary to activate the required programs. This Medical Audio Response Telecommunications Information Network has a vocabulary of approximately one thousand words and serves four users simultaneously. This paper describes the system and the medical application programs implemented.
Acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea

Plants differ in how much the response of net photosynthetic rate (P N) to temperature (T) changes with the T during leaf development, and also in the biochemical basis of such changes in response. The amount of photosynthetic acclimation to T and the components of the photosynthetic system involved were compared in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea to determine how well A. thaliana might serve as a model organism to study the process of photosynthetic acclimation to T. Responses of single-leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to CO2 concentration measured over the range of 10–35 °C for both species grown at 15, 21, and 27 °C were used to determine the T dependencies of maximum rates of carboxylation (VCmax), photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), triose phosphate utilization rate (TPU), and mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide (g’m). In A. thaliana, the optimum T of P N at air concentrations of CO2 was unaffected by this range of growth T, and the T dependencies of VCmax, Jmax, and g’m were also unaffected by growth T. There was no evidence of TPU limitation of P N in this species over the range of measurement conditions. In contrast, the optimum T of P N increased with growth T in B. oleracea, and the T dependencies of VCmax, Jmax, and g’m, as well as the T at which TPU limited P N all varied significantly with growth T. Thus B. oleracea had much a larger capacity to acclimate photosynthetically to moderate T than did A. thaliana.
Manipulating Generalized Motor Program Difficulty during Blocked and Random Practice Does Not Affect Parameter Learning

Blocked practice engenders more trial-to-trial response stability, which is thought to be crucial for developing the generalized motor program (GMP) but not parameter learning (Lai, Shea, Wulf, & Wright, 2000). It was hypothesized that reducing the difficulty of the GMP might permit additional cognitive resources to be allocated to learning the parameter requirements. However, GMP theory maintains the independence of the memories governing the GMP and parameters. This notion suggests that manipulating the difficulty of the GMP should have no effect on the blocked practice participant's ability to successfully specify the appropriate parameters. Participants learned a simple or complex relative timing pattern under either blocked or random practice conditions. Smaller GMP errors were exhibited for the simple relative timing patterns, but this was not associated with improvements in parameter specification following blocked practice. A clear advantage for parameter specification was evident in transfer following random practice. Taken together, these data support the theoretical separation of the GMP and parameter processes.
Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Shiga Toxin 1 and/or Lipopolysaccharides in the Human Monocytic Cell Line THP-1

Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing bacteria and the subsequent release of Stxs and endotoxins into the bloodstream may damage blood vessels in the colon, kidneys, and central nervous system, leading to bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, and neurological complications. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) may contribute to the pathogenesis of Stx-induced vascular lesions by up-regulating toxin receptor expression on endothelial cells. We previously showed that macrophages treated with purified Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) secrete TNF-α and IL-1β. Northern blot analysis revealed that treatment of the human monocytic cell line THP-1 with LPS induced a rapid and transient increase in steady-state TNF-α and IL-1β transcripts. In contrast, Stx1 induced slower but prolonged elevations in cytokine transcripts. The presence of both stimulants resulted in optimal cytokine mRNA induction in terms of kinetics and prolonged expression. Compared to LPS, Stx1 was a poor inducer of IL-1β protein expression, although levels of soluble IL-1β induced by all treatments continually increased over 72 h. IL-1β transcripts were not induced by Stx1 B-subunits. Using the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D, we determined that treatment with Stx1 or Stx1 plus LPS induced cytokine transcripts with increased stability compared to transcripts induced by LPS alone. For all treatments, IL-1β mRNA decay was slower than TNF-α. Collectively, our data suggest that Stxs affect cytokine expression, in part, at the posttranscriptional level by stabilizing mRNAs. Optimal TNF-α expression occurs when both Stxs and LPS are present.
On the bound of covariances and error probabilities for the second residual method

The Laplacian method is commonly used for edge-detection of objects in the field of signal processing. This paper shows that the Second Residual method of the Rapid Estimation Scheme gives lower covariances, and consequently has smaller false-alarm and miss probabilities, in comparison with the one dimensional Laplacian method.
The Effect of End-Point Cooking Temperature and Storage on the Color of Turkey Meat

Abstract INTRODUCTION VARIABLES affecting color of further processed poultry have been a concern of processors for some time. Some factors involved have been elucidated with recent research. Such aspects as age, sex and strain (Froning, 1968); dietary or chill water nitrates and nitrites (Froning et al., 1969a; Mugler et al., 1970); exhaust fume inhalation prior to slaughter (Froning et al., 1969b); and oven gases (Pool, 1956) have been found to affect poultry meat color in varying degrees. End-point cooking temperatures and poultry meat color have received little emphasis in previous studies. End-point cooking temperatures and color has been studied in red meat products. Watts (1954) identified the insoluble brown pigments in cooked meat as denatured globin ferric hemichromogen. Tappel (1957) concluded that pink pigments found in underdone cooked beef were undenatured oxymyoglobin. Bernofsky et al. (1959) also found that pigments extractable from cooked fresh beef were mainly oxymyoglobin. They further observed.…
Does salary discrimination persist for foreign athletes in the NBA

This study empirically examines Becker’s (1971) wage discrimination theory using foreign-born National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Despite the rapid growth in the NBA, particularly in foreign markets, existing literature suggests that foreign-born players continue to be underpaid relative to players born in the United States. Becker’s theory predicts that, over time, wage discriminators will be priced out of the market and that wages will eventually equilibrate. This study uses the most recent data, from the 2010 to 2011 NBA season, to test if foreign-born discrimination persists. The empirical results from this study reveal that not only have wages for foreign players caught up to the wages of their American counterparts, but foreign-born players received an average wage premium of approximately $900 000.
Lever-actuated resonance assistance (LARA): A wheelchair-based method for upper extremity therapy and overground ambulation for people with severe arm impairment

People with severe arm impairment have limited technologies available for retraining their arms, and, if they also have difficulty walking, they often cannot effectively use a manual wheelchair because they cannot grasp and push the pushrim. We are using Lever-Actuated Resonance Assistance (LARA) to solve these problems. A LARA-based device can attach to a manual wheelchair and allow it to be used by people with severe arm weakness in a stationary exercise mode, or for self-powered overground ambulation. LARA uses a lever drive and arm support to appropriately position the arm and to reduce the dexterity required to operate the wheelchair. It also uses mechanical resonance implemented with elastic bands to provide assistance for both stationary exercise and overground ambulation. We first review here pilot results in which we used the LARA method to provide arm therapy to individuals with chronic stroke in stationary exercise mode. We then describe a novel motion-based user interface that allows individuals to control a video game with LARA while operating a wheelchair in resonance. Finally, for overground ambulation mode, we show in simulation that the mechanical resonance provided by LARA theoretically allows people with severe arm weakness to propel themselves with reduced effort and obtain speeds previously unattainable.
EUV mask contact layer defect printability and requirement

In this paper, the printability of Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask contact layer defects at 90 nm contact size and above is studied via ultra-thin DUV resist and 10X EUV Microstepper. The EUV mask contact defect size requirement is determined by taking into account the wafer process critical dimension (CD) variability. In the experiment, two types of contact mask defect were studied. They are opaque defect placed at both edge and center of a contact and clear defect at edge of a contact. The programmed EUV absorber defect mask was fabricated by subtractive metal patterning on a Mo/Si multilayered-coated silicon wafer substrate. The 10X experimental EUV lithography system with 13.4 nm exposure wavelength and 0.088 NA imaging lens was used to expose the programmed defect mask. The response of the printed resist contact area to the metal absorber mask defect area is measured under different process conditions, i.e., different exposure doses. It is found that the EUV resist contact area responds to the mask defect area linearly for small mask defects. From such a set of contact area change vs. defect area response lines, the allowable absorber mask defect requirement for the contact layer is assessed via statistical explanation of the printable mask defect size, which is tied to the wafer process specifications and the actual wafer process CD controllability. Our results showed that a clear and an opaque intrusion corner absorber mask defect as small as 70 - 80 nm (4X) is printable for 90 nm contacts when 10% contact area change (or 5% contact DC change) due to defect alone is allowed. The effect of an opaque defect at center of a contact is found similar to that of corner opaque defect for smaller defect. It becomes much worse than that of at edges when defect is large. Based on the statistical defect printability analysis method that we have developed, the printable mask defect size can always be re-defined without additional data collection when the process controllability or the process specification changes.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Glassy State and Secondary Structures of Chiral Macromolecules: Polyisocyanates and Polyketones

The temperature dependence of the optical activity in the amorphous and therefore nonbirefringent solid state is used here to study the conformational properties of polyisocyanates and isotactic polyketones. Optically active polyisocyanates, which are not entirely amorphous in the solid state, were rendered amorphous by blending, while the glass transition temperature of the inherently amorphous polyketones was varied from 145 to 1 °C by terpolymerization of alternating styrenic/CO units with alternating 1-alkene/CO units. In both polymer systems, the optical activity changed significantly at temperatures only above Tg. This result, which was controlled for the contribution of degradation and epimerization of stereocenters in the polyketones, requires that the chiral optical properties of these polymers arise from long-range conformational properties of the chain that are impeded from changing with temperature only in the glassy state. This is consistent with the known character of the polyisocyanates but...
Multiple neural networks for selecting a problem solving technique

Summary form only given. A description is given of how to build a modular neural network system for selecting a category that fits an instance of a complex problem. The problems to which the method applies defy attempts at accurate categorization via multilayer single neural networks, yet have structures that yield to the sequential application of three distinct types of neural networks. The first two operate together as an internal classifier, producing information that is used to specify which of several generalization networks to apply to the problem. The technique was successfully applied to the selection of vehicle routing models, a complex problem of considerable importance in operations research. In these experiments, the neural network system was trained with a collection of 250 problems and achieved 100% accuracy in identifying the best model for the problems in the training set. The trained system was then exposed to 100 test problems not used in the training, and achieved 93% accuracy. In parallel experiments with single neural networks having differing numbers of layers and topologies, accuracy rates were in the 70-80% range. >
Tannic Acid Cross-linked Collagen Scaffolds and Their Anti-cancer Potential in a Tissue Engineered Breast Implant

Tannic acid (TA) is a hydrolysable plant tannin, and it has been determined that TA functions as a collagen cross-linking agent through hydrogen-bonding mechanisms and hydrophobic effects. Since TA may have anti-tumor properties, it may be a viable cross-linking agent for collagen-based breast tissue scaffolds. The goal of this work was to determine if TA cross-linked scaffolds induce apoptotic processes in MCF-7 cancer cells, with minimal toxic effect on healthy D1 mesenchymal stem-like stromal cells. Cross-linked collagen scaffolds that were uniform, easily reproduced, easily characterized, and readily used in cell culture were manufactured. Thermal denaturation temperatures of the cross-linked scaffolds (68°C) were shown to be significantly higher when compared to those of uncross-linked scaffolds (55°C). Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated the replacement of irregular collagen fibers with sheet-like structures upon cross-linking. The cross-linking solution concentration of TA that appears...
Compact real-time interferometric Fourier transform processors

The spatially-scanning, 2D, time-integrating hybrid interferometric processors presented employ directly-modulated CW laser diodes as input sources and are applicable to complex SAR data processing in real time. Crossed acoustooptic cells scan the input signal over a virtual 2D input space, and an optical interference pattern is detected with a solid-state detector array camera. Continuous transfer of the frames of integrated interference from the camera to a digital image processor, overall dynamic range is increased over that of the camera alone. Envelope detection in the display circuitry generates a continuous real-time representation of image magnitude.
Preparation, crystal structure, heat capacity, magnetism, and the magnetocaloric effect of Pr5Ni1.9Si3 and PrNi

Single-phase ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1.9}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$ and PrNi were prepared and characterized by using differential thermal analysis, single crystal, and powder x-ray diffraction. Their thermal and magnetic properties were studied by measuring heat capacity as a function of temperature in magnetic fields up to 100 kOe and magnetization as a function of magnetic field up to 50 kOe over the temperature range from 5 to 400 K. ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1.9}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$ orders magnetically at 50 K, and it undergoes a second transition at 25 K. As inferred from the behavior of the magnetization and magnetocaloric effect (MCE), both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components are present in the magnetic ground state of the material. The heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect of PrNi confirm that it orders ferromagnetically at 19 K. Both ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1.9}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$ and PrNi exhibit moderate magnetocaloric effects. The maximum MCE for ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1.9}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$ is 3.4 K and it is observed at 50 K for a magnetic field change from 0 to 75 kOe. The maximum MCE for PrNi is 4.2 K, which occurs at 19 K for a magnetic field change from 0 to 100 kOe.
Investigating the role of purposeful goals on novices' engagement in a programming game

Engagement is a necessary condition for learning, and previous studies have shown that engagement can be significantly affected by changing the presentation of game elements within an educational game. In a three condition controlled experiment, we examined how changing the presentation of the data elements referred to in a game's goals would influence the purposefulness of the goals and thereby affect players' motivation to achieve them. A total of 121 self-described programming novices were recruited online to play the game. We found that 1) those using vertebrate elements completed twice the number of levels compared to those using inanimate elements, 2) those using vertebrate and invertebrate elements spent significantly more time playing the game overall compared to those using inanimate elements, and 3) those using inanimate elements were more likely to quit the game, especially on difficult levels. These findings suggest that the presentation of game elements that influence the purposefulness of goals can play a significant role in keeping self-guided learners engaged in learning tasks.
STUDIES ON ENDOMETRIAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE DURING THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND IN THE HORMONE-TREATED MONKEY1

THE PRESENCE of alkaline phosphatase has been demonstrated histochemically in the uterus by several previous authors (Gomori, 1941; Kabat and Furth, 1941; and Wislocki and Dempsey, 1945). It was found that the enzyme might be present in any of the component tissues of the uterus, the localization varying with the stage of the reproductive cycle and the species in question. More recently, experimental studies in the mouse (Atkinson and Elftman, 1946 and 1947) have shown that treatment with estrogen causes an increase in uterine phosphatase. Progesterone and androgen do not have this effect. The present studies were undertaken first to determine whether endometrial alkaline phosphatase responded to hormone treatment in the monkey as in the mouse, and secondly to determine whether there are cyclic variations in the phosphatase content of human endome trium during the menstrual cycle.
In Vivo Occupancy of the κ Light Chain Enhancers in Primary Pro- and Pre-B Cells: A Model for κ Locus Activation

Abstract The immunoglobulin κ light chain locus has two enhancer elements: the intronic enhancer, which lies between the Jκ cluster and the Cκ exon, and the 3′κ enhancer, which is located downstream of Cκ. To address the contribution of these elements to the developmentally regulated activation of germline κ locus transcription and rearrangement, we purified primary pro- and pre-B cells and determined by in vivo footprinting the sites within each enhancer that were occupied. We found that the κ intronic enhancer NF-κB site is occupied in both pro- and pre-B cells, while CRE, BSAP, and PU.1/pip sites within the 3′κ enhancer undergo changes in occupancy as cells progress from the pro-B to the pre-B cell stage. These findings suggest that regulation of the κ locus in primary pre-B cells may be mediated by factors that bind the 3′κ enhancer.
Trichobezoar and gastric ulcer.

The presence of trichobezoar in the stomach may be associated with ulceration, and complications such as hemorrhage and perforation may occur in these patients. Although it is important for the radiologist to establish the diagnosis of bezoar in the stomach, the radiographic attempt to localize possible ulcerations is of even greater importance as far as immediate care is concerned.
Arizona experience with CardioWest total artificial heart bridge to transplantation

Abstract Background . We hypothesized that bridge to transplantation with the CardioWest Total Artificial Heart would succeed in a large percentage of patients. Further, we hypothesized that this success rate would not be significantly decreased by infection or thromboembolism. Methods . From 1993 to March 1999, 24 patients received implants with the intention of bridge to transplantation. Data were collected prospectively. Heparin, coumadin, aspirin, ticlopidine, dipyridamole, and pentoxifylline were used for anticoagulation. Results . Four patients died while on device support. Nineteen of 23 patients (83%) were transplanted. All 19 survived long term. One patient remains on CardioWest Total Artificial Heart support 6 weeks after implant. There was one stroke on the day of transplantation. There was a second stroke on the day of implantation. Neither stroke caused significant residual deficits. Both were in close relationship to an operative procedure. There were no serious device-related infections. Conclusions . The CardioWest Total Artificial Heart salvaged 20 of 24 critically ill patients. Neither infections nor neurologic problems were significant. We believe it is the device of choice for decompensating patients with biventricular failure who have adequate body and heart size.
Retroesophageal Right Subclavian Artery in the Adult

A case report of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery causing dysphagia in an adult is presented. The necessity of reestablishing a pulsatile flow in the right subclavian artery to prevent the subclavian steal syndrome is emphasized.
From Toys to Teraflops: Bridging the Beowulf Gap

Do-it-yourself supercomputing has emerged as a solution to cost-effectively sustain the computational demands of the scientific research community. Despite some of the successes of this approach, represented by Beowulf-class computing, it has limitations that need to be recognized as well as problems that need to be resolved in order to extend its scope of applicability. While the performance of hardware incorporated into these systems has continued to improve at a remarkable rate, enabling the execution of steadily larger and more compute-intensive applications, the software environment of the machines has seen little to no improvement or evolution. The authors find that this gap between the rates of development of hardware and software is a crucial obstacle to the full exploitation of these systems into and beyond the Teraflops realm. They provide suggestions as to how this gap might be narrowed within the context of Beowulf-class computing.
The Pendulum of Cultural Imperialism: Popular Music Interchanges Between the United States and Britain, 1943–1967

Comment peut-on expliquer une certaine « americanisation » de la culture populaire britannique au moment de la seconde guerre mondiale ? Parce que la guerre provoquait une penurie dans les matieres premieres, la BBC devait importer des disques americains pour satisfaire a la demande. La presence de troupes americaines sur le sol britannique a egalement largement contribue a ce processus, tout comme les programmes radiophoniques de l'American Forces Network. Puis, en 1964, c'est au tour de la Grande-Bretagne d'exporter un style nouveau, pourtant directement issu du rock n' roll americain. La musique populaire a servi, en effet, a vehiculer l'imperialisme culturel d'un pays a l'autre
Proximal and Overall Gastric Emptying of Solids in Patients with Reduced Gastric Volume Accommodation Compared to Matched Controls

Background Interventions such as gastric surgery and erythromycin result in displacement of solids to the distal stomach and acceleration of overall and proximal gastric emptying. The effect of non-surgical impairment of gastric accommodation on gastric emptying is unclear. Non-surgical impairment of gastric accommodation is associated with accelerated gastric emptying.
Logical necessity and transitivity of causal relations in stories

! central concern of this study is the problem of identifying inferences that connect units in narrative discourse. A recursive transition network model is described that analyzes and represents a story as a causal network of categorized clauses and labeled relations. Procedural criteria used to identify inferences and the assumptions that inferences operate over distances in the text and are transitive, resulting in a network representation, are then tested. In each of two experiments, naive judges rated the strength of relations between pairs of clauses sampled from four different stories. In one experiment, the causal distance between clauses was varied and compared to temporal and reference factors; in the other, the judgment criteria and kinds of relations were varied. The data show that the causal relations are operative and transitive, in that the strength of the relations declined linearly as a function of causal distance in the network representation, independent of temporal and reference distanc...
Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of 92-Kilodalton Type IV Collagenase, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-3 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is expressed in human endometrium and has been shown to play an integral role in local cellular interactions during implantation. In addition, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), are crucial during implantation, mediating in vitro trophoblast penetration, and are regulated by several cytokines expressed by trophoblast cells. We have investigated the roles of IL-1β and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in regulating TIMP-1, TIMP-3, and 92-kDa type IV collagenase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in human endometrial stromal cells using quantitative competitive PCR. Confluent stromal cell cultures treated with progesterone and estradiol for 9 days were stimulated with IL-1β, IL-1β plus anti-IL-1β antibody, TGFβ, and TGFβ plus anti-TGFβ antibody for an additional 24 h. Competitive complementary DNA fragments were constructed by deletion of a defined fragment from each of the target complementary DNA sequence...
Energy-aware architectures for a Real-Valued FFT implementation

Energy-aware design is highly desirable for systems that encounter a wide diversity of operating scenarios. This is in contrast to traditional low power design for the worst case scenario, which may not be globally energy efficient. Energy-aware design focuses on enabling architectures which scale down energy as quality requirements are relaxed. A new energy-scalable system design methodology is proposed for a Real-Valued FFT processor which supports variable bit precision (8 and 16-bit precision) and variable FFT length (128- 512 point). Two energy-aware architectures, Ensemble of Point Solutions method and Reuse of Point Solutions method, are described and evaluated. Simulated and measured results show a 66% energy savings for 8-bit datapath and 52% savings for 128-point FFT length over a non-scalable approach.
A GUI Framework for GPS-Enabled Robotic Guidance

A framework has been developed to address difficulties in controlling teams of heterogeneous robots built around the integration of spatial data used with GPS-enabled robots. The spatial data is in the form of an aerial photograph. This framework centers around a GUI capable of controlling single or multiple robots, displaying information from the robots, and performing large scale path planning for multiple robots. Several experiments using this system have been conducted and the results are discussed
LCM: a multicast core management protocol for link-state routing networks

We propose solutions to several multicast core management problems, including automatic core selection, core failure handling, and core migration, for use in networks based on link-state routing. The proposed approach uses a central server, called the core binding server (CBS), to manage core-group bindings, accompanied by a network-level leader election protocol in order to achieve robustness. By modeling the selection of the CBS as a leader election problem, this approach can handle any combination of network component failures, including those that partition the network. Further, our simulation results reveal that the central server can sustain extremely high workloads, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our core selection and core migration methods.
Nonlinear model reduction for fluid flows

Model Reduction is an essential tool that has been applied in many control applications such as control of fluid flows. Most model reduction algorithms assume linear models and fail when applied to nonlinear high dimensional systems, in particular, fluid flow problems with high Reynolds numbers. For example, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) fails to capture the nonlinear degrees of freedom in these systems, since it assumes that data belong to a linear space and therefore relies on the Euclidean distance as the metric to minimize. However, snapshots generated by nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) belong to manifolds for which the geodesics do not correspond in general to the Euclidean distance. A geodesic is a curve that is locally the shortest path between points. In this paper, we propose a model reduction method which generalizes POD to nonlinear manifolds which have a differentiable structure at each of their points. Moreover, an optimal method in constructing reduced order models for the two-dimensional Burgers' equation subject to boundary control is presented and compared to the POD reduced models.
Gender differences in family attitudes about schizophrenia

Recent studies have found that the expressed emotion (EE) status of relatives of female schizophrenics may not possess the prognostic value found previously for male schizophrenics. In the present study, relatives of 110 recent onset schizophrenic patients were assessed using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI-EE), the Five Minute Speech Sample Method (FMSS-EE) and a measure of Affective Style (AS) to determine whether affective attitudes or behaviours varied by patient gender. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) ratings made during in-patient and out-patient periods were examined to assess patient symptomatology. No differences were found by patient gender for CFI-EE, FMSS-EE, or subcomponents of the CFI-EE measure. However, when the subcomponents on the FMSS associated with a high EE critical rating were examined, males were found to be recipients of more harsh criticism than female patients. Similarly, for the AS measure, there was a distinct subgroup of male patients who received a level of criticism not seen in female patients. When the concordance across the two EE measures was examined, relatives of males were more consistent in their affective attitudes than relatives of female patients. Analysis of the BPRS data from the in-patient to the out-patient periods suggested variations by patient gender which may explain some of the differences in relatives' affective attitudes.
Social stress and escalated drug self-administration in mice I. Alcohol and corticosterone

Rationale Stress experiences have been shown to be a risk factor for alcohol abuse in humans; however, a reliable mouse model using episodic social stress has yet to be developed.
Android permissions demystified

Android provides third-party applications with an extensive API that includes access to phone hardware, settings, and user data. Access to privacy- and security-relevant parts of the API is controlled with an install-time application permission system. We study Android applications to determine whether Android developers follow least privilege with their permission requests. We built Stowaway, a tool that detects overprivilege in compiled Android applications. Stowaway determines the set of API calls that an application uses and then maps those API calls to permissions. We used automated testing tools on the Android API in order to build the permission map that is necessary for detecting overprivilege. We apply Stowaway to a set of 940 applications and find that about one-third are overprivileged. We investigate the causes of overprivilege and find evidence that developers are trying to follow least privilege but sometimes fail due to insufficient API documentation.
HYPERGENITALISM IN A MONGOLIAN IDIOT

EXCESSIVE GENITAL DEVELOPMENT in a mongolian idiot is a rare occurrence and is especially inter-esting in view of recent studies (1) indicating that mongolism may be etiologically related to a deficiency of the basophils of the anterior pituitary gland. Church (2) was of the opinion that because mongols exhibited such strikingly similar symptoms, the underlying factor resided either in the sex or other glands of internal secretion. Timme (3) in 1930 ex-pressed the view that the pituitary played an important role in mongolism. In a female mongol of six weeks Gordon (4) observed histologically the absence of basophils and the prominence of eosinophilic cells.
Seismic and geodetic evidence for extensive, long-lived fault damage zones

During earthquakes, slip is often localized on preexisting faults, but it is not well understood how the structure of crustal faults may contribute to slip localization and energetics. Growing evidence suggests that the crust along active faults undergoes anomalous strain and damage during large earthquakes. Seismic and geodetic data from the Calico fault in the eastern California shear zone reveal a wide zone of reduced seismic velocities and effective elastic moduli. Using seismic traveltimes, trapped waves, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations, we document seismic velocities reduced by 40%‐ 50% and shear moduli reduced by 65% compared to wall rock in a 1.5-km-wide zone along the Calico fault. Observed velocity reductions likely represent the cumulative mechanical damage from past earthquake ruptures. No large earthquake has broken the Calico fault in historic time, implying that fault damage persists for hundreds or perhaps thousands of years. These fi ndings indicate that faults can affect rock properties at substantial distances from primary fault slip surfaces, and throughout much of the seismogenic zone, a result with implications for the amount of energy expended during rupture to drive cracking and yielding of rock and development of fault systems.
Quillen Stratification for Modules

Let G be a finite group and k a fixed algebraically closed field of characteristic p>O. If p is odd, let H, be the subring of H*(G, k) consisting of elements of even degree; following [20-221 we take H, = H*(G, k) if p=2, though one could just as well use the subring of elements of even degree for all p. H, is a finitely generated commutative k-algebra [13], and we let V, denote its associated affine variety Max H,. If M is any finitely generated kG-module, then the cohomology variety V,(M) of M may be defined as the support in V, of the H,-module H*(G, M) if G is a p-group, and in general as the largest support of H*(G, L@ M), where L is any kG-module [4, 91. A module L with each irreducible kc-module as a direct summand will serve. D. Quillen [20-221 proved a number of beautiful results relating k;; to the varieties V, associated with the various elementary abelian p-subgroups E of G, culminating in his stratification theorem [20, 221. This theorem gives a piecewise description of V, almost explicitly in terms of the subgroups E and their normalizers in G. A well-known corollary is that dim V, =max dim V,, where E
Isolation and properties of OSCP and an F1-ATPase binding protein from rat liver mitochondria - evidence against OSCP as the linking "stalk" between F1 and the membrane.

Abstract Oligomycin Sensitivity Conferral Protein (OSCP) and an F1-ATPase Binding Protein were isolated from F1-depleted rat liver mitochondrial membrane. Their molecular weights on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea were 22,500 and 8,500 respectively. When incubated with liver TUA (trypsin, urea and ammonia-treated) submitochondrial particles, the binding protein was effective in the binding of F1 to the particles with the resultant particle-bound ATPase activity not oligomycin sensitive. When OSCP was then incubated with the reconstituted membrane-bound ATPase, its activity became oligomycin sensitive. These results suggest that, first; the binding protein, but not OSCP, connects F1-ATPase to the membrane of rat liver mitochondria and maybe to the “stalk”, if indeed there is a stalk in mitochondrial membrane ATPase complex; and second; the function of OSCP is solely to render the ATPase activity sensitive to oligomycin and other similar inhibitors.
Finding a grasped object's pose using joint angle and torque constraints

This paper addresses the problem of finding the pose of an object grasped by a hand. The problem can be stated simply: Given a hand grasping an object, and given a model of that object, determine the position and orientation of the object with respect to the hand. The method described uses only joint angle and torque sensing, and is able to localize two-dimensional objects grasped by the Utah-MIT Dextrous Hand.
Document reading system for the visually disabled

In this paper, we present a system for reading printed documents, which can be used by the visually disabled. Our system uses speech to transmit printed information to users. To cope with the slowness of the information transmission speed caused by the one-dimensionality of speech, the logical structure of the scanned documents is extracted and used to accelerate the access to the information. A tree-traversing command is provided for navigating through the logical tree generated by the system.