cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
National policy on drug abuse.

The article, "Drug Abuse in Adolescence" by the Committee on Youth, gives a concise summary of the role pediatricians can play with their individual patients. What is left out, is the national role that pediatricians should play in influencing legislation that may well be harmful to this constructive role. By using repression rather than education, federal and state laws may well drive youths away from contacts with members of the society who might yet be able to work with them.
Platygobiopsis akihito, New Genus and Species of Gobiid Fish from Flores, Indonesia

Platygobiopsis akihito is described from 12 specimens 63.4-95.9 mm SL. It is most closely related toGobiopsis Steindachner, based on the presence of a pair of chin barbels and two horizontal, fleshy, papillae-bearing folds on the cheek, and the absence of vertical papillae-bearing folds on the sides of the anterior half of the head.Platygobiopsis differs most obviously from all the species Lachner and McKinney (1978, 1979) included inGobiopsis in having an exceedingly depressed head and body (both the most depressed of any gobioid), an elongate form (depth 4.5-5.8% SL), and in its dorsal- and anal-fin formulae: D. VI-I, 12, A. I, 12, which include at least one more segmented dorsal-fin ray and two more segmented anal-fin rays than is known to occur in any species ofGobiopsis.
Lipid composition of microsomes from heat-stressed cell suspension cultures

Abstract Heat-stressed (30°) cell suspension cultures of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) attained a lower maximum cell density and showed browning earlier when compared with control cultures (22°) over a 16 day growth period. Phospholipid class profiles did not differ between cells grown at 30° and 22°. The fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from microsomes of heat-stressed cells were less unsaturated than those of PC and PE from microsomes of control cells. In particular, there was a marked increase in the proportion of oleate [18:1(9)] at the expense of linoleate [18:2(9,12)] at the higher growth temperature. This difference could result from inhibition or loss of the microsomal lipid-linked desaturase which inserts the double bond between carbons 12 and 13 of oleate esterified to the glycerol moiety of PC and PE.
Adaptive stabilization of discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonlinear elasticity: Analytical estimates

This is the second of two papers in which we motivate, introduce and analyze a new type of strategy for the stabilization of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods in nonlinear elasticity problems. The foremost goal behind it is to enhance the robustness of the method without deteriorating the accuracy of the resulting solutions. Its distinctive property is that for nonlinear elastic problems the stabilization term is solution dependent, and hence it is termed an adaptive stabilization mechanism. The key contribution of this paper is the construction of a stabilization strategy for which the method is perfectly stable, since the stabilization parameters can be explicitly computed as part of the numerical solution. This is accomplished through the main result of this paper, which consists of a theorem that provides lower bounds for the size of the stabilization parameters. Numerical examples confirm the guaranteed stability of the resulting method. However, they also show that the computed lower bounds overestimate the minimum amount of stabilization needed, negatively affecting the approximation properties of the method. These results underscore the fact that a better understanding of the stabilization mechanisms is needed in order to construct a method that is both robust and efficient.
Abundances of Red Giants in Old Open Clusters. IV. NGC 1817, NGC 1883, NGC 2141, and NGC 2158

We present an analysis of high-dispersion echelle spectra of seven giant stars in the ~1-2?Gyr old open clusters NGC 1817, NGC 1883, NGC 2141, and NGC 2158. Abundances were determined relative to the bright, mildly metal-poor disk giant Arcturus. NGC 1817, NGC 1883, NGC 2141, and NGC 2158 are found to have a mean [Fe/H] = ?0.07 ? 0.04, ?0.01 ? 0.01, +0.00 ? 0.16, and ?0.03 ? 0.14 (s.d.), respectively. All four clusters show modest (~0.1 dex) enhancements of Na and Si, and scaled solar abundances of Al and Mg, while [O/Fe] ~ ?0.15 dex. [Ca/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] values are slightly subsolar in all four clusters, but this may be due to a systematic effect. Given that all four of these clusters are located at R gc > 10?kpc in the disk, and barring any systematic effects, our results imply that any abrupt transition in abundance in the Galactic disk occurs beyond R gc ~ 13?kpc.
The Impact of Professor Reputation and Section Attributes on Student Course Selection

In this paper, we analyze how students select particular sections of required undergraduate courses at a regional public university in Texas. Specifically, we study how perceived instructor quality and other course section attributes, such as meeting time, impact enrollment. We find strong evidence that publicly available information about professor reputation influences students’ enrollment decisions. Sections taught by instructors who are more highly rated fill up more quickly, for our subset of required undergraduate courses. Sections taught by instructors rated as easier are also estimated to fill up more rapidly, in some specifications. We also find some evidence that the meeting times and days alsoinfluence enrollment decisions in systematic ways.
Limits on electron-neutrino oscillations from the GALLEX 51Cr source experiment

Abstract The recent result from the chromium source experiment carried out by the GALLEX collaboration implies interesting limits on the parameters Δm2 and sin2 2θ describing neutrino oscillations. Values of Δm2 > 0.17 eV2 for maximal mixing and of sin2 2θ > 0.38 for Δm2 > 1 eV2 are ruled out at 90% C.L. This result improves by more than an order of magnitude previous limits on Δm2 derived from electron-neutrino oscillation experiments at accelerators.
The Effect of Fluorouracil on the Corneal Endothelium

• The utility of the antiproliferative agent fluorouracil has been demonstrated recently in glaucoma-filtering surgery and in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy after vitrectomy. Because of the potential for contact with the corneal endothelium, its toxicity to the endothelium is an important consideration. The effect of fluorouracil on corneal endothelial integrity in an in vitro animal model was studied. Freshly excised sheep corneal buttons were exposed to increasing concentrations of fluorouracil for four hours and were subsequently evaluated microscopically using vital staining with alizarin red and trypan blue. Exposure to normal saline and chlorhexidine gluconate was used to establish negative- and positive-staining controls. Corneal buttons exposed to normal saline or to 1.0 mg/mL or less of fluorouracil had intact endothelial monolayers that completely excluded trypan blue. Corneal buttons exposed to chlorhexidine gluconate or to 10 mg/mL of fluorouracil, however, had severely or totally disrupted endothelial monolayers in which the remaining cells, if any, all had blue-staining nuclei. These results suggest that the threshold concentration for fluorouracil toxicity to corneal endothelium lies between 1 and 10 mg/mL when exposure time is four hours.
Functional Studies and Homology Modeling of Msh2-Msh3 Predict that Mispair Recognition Involves DNA Bending and Strand Separation

The Msh2-Msh3 heterodimer recognizes various DNA mispairs, including loops of DNA ranging from 1 to 14 nucleotides and some base-base mispairs. Homology modeling of the mispair-binding domain (MBD) of Msh3 using the related Msh6 MBD revealed that mismatch recognition must be different, even though the MBD folds must be similar. Model-based point mutation alleles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae msh3 designed to disrupt mispair recognition fell into two classes. One class caused defects in repair of both small and large insertion/deletion mispairs, whereas the second class caused defects only in the repair of small insertion/deletion mispairs; mutations of the first class also caused defects in the removal of nonhomologous tails present at the ends of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during DSB repair, whereas mutations of the second class did not cause defects in the removal of nonhomologous tails during DSB repair. Thus, recognition of small insertion/deletion mispairs by Msh3 appears to require a greater degree of interactions with the DNA conformations induced by small insertion/deletion mispairs than with those induced by large insertion/deletions that are intrinsically bent and strand separated. Mapping of the two classes of mutations onto the Msh3 MBD model appears to distinguish mispair recognition regions from DNA stabilization regions.
Engineering an Unentangled Downconversion Source

Spontaneous parametric downconversion is an important process for providing pairs of photons for quantum optics. We discuss a scheme for eliminating undesired inter-photon correlations inherent in this process, and an efficient characterization of spectral correlations.
Resonance Raman studies of the peptide bond: implications for the geometry of the electronic excited state and the nature of the vibronic linewidth

Recent resonance Raman studies of the peptide bond especially the simple compound N-methylacetamide (NMA) have shown that only a few of the vibrationalmodes of motion are resonantly enhanced with excitation in the region of the ir electronic excitation. The resonance Raman spectra observed for the vapor acetonitrile solution and aqueous solution are quite distinct. These changes in the Raman spectra with changes in solvent and similar changes seen with N-deuteration are consistent with a variation of the form of the normal modes in the ground electronic state. In the case of solutions of NMA in D20 the resonance Raman spectrum contains only a single strong vibration the amide II'' mode. The spectra obtained with 200 run excitation show overtones up to the 0 - 4 transition. This amide II'' vibration shows a 37 cm1 shift upon 13C15N isotopic substitution. This indicates that this mode has an important contribution from C-N stretching but normal mode calculations indicate significant components of other degrees of freedom. The available resonance Raman and absorption spectra provide sufficient data to permit a minimal model of the displacement along the active normal mode with electronic excitation. A fit of this minimal model has been found that is in excellent agreement with the absorption and Raman data. A dis?lacement of L 5 is obtained and the homogeneous linewidth I'' is found to be 1400 cm .
480 INFLUENZA IMMUNIZATION AND INFECTION IN IMMUNOSUPPRESED CHILDREN

Influenza vaccine has been routinely recommended for immunosuppressed children. But the spectrum of illness and vaccine efficacy need better definition in this group. A 4 year prospective study included 65 patients (average age 8yr; range 9 mo-19yr) with malignancies (32 on chemotherapy, 18 off) or hematologic disorders (12). 45 received in ′76 A/Victoria/75-A/New Jersey/76 vaccine; 25 in ′78 split dose A/Russian-A/Texas-B/Hong Kong. Sera were collected in ′76, ′78, ′80. All were followed regularly. Immunization with previously circulating strain (A/Vic vs A/NJ) and no chemotherapy correlated with titers ≥20 as well as with titers ≥20 at 4 year follow-up. A/Russ and B/HK immunization gave similar results. Influenza naturally occurred in 20. 16 acquired B/HK in ′80; 5 had had B/HK vaccine in ′78 with no response. All 16 developed titers ≥20, though 6 were immunosuppressed. None was seriously ill. In summary, vaccine response and duration were related to disease, chemotherapy and antigen. Natural infection could immunize suppressed patients where vaccine had failed. Despite varying levels of antibodies and suppression, no serious natural influenza illness was seen over 4 years in these 65 patients.
Synthesis of dimethyl derivatives of imidazolinone herbicides: their use in efficient gas chromatographic methods for the determination of these herbicides.

The dimethyl derivatives of imazaquin, imazapyr, imazmethapyr, imazethapyr, 2-[4,5 dihydro-1,4-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methoxymethyl-3-pyridine carboxylic acid, 2-[4,5-dihydro-1,4 -dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methyl benzoic acid, and 2-[4,5-dihydro-1,4-dimethyl-4-(1-methyl ethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl benzoic acid were prepared and fully characterized. The availability of these derivatives has led to the development of efficient and multiresidue gas chromatographic methods for trace level analysis of imidazolinone herbicides in matrixes such as water, soybean, and soil. Keywords: Imidazolinone herbicides; dimethyl derivatives; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; NMR spectroscopy
Cardiac MR Imaging: New Advances and Role of 3T

Over the last decade, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has increasingly evolved into a useful diagnostic tool among the radiology and cardiology communities. Ongoing improvements in MR imaging hardware, processing speed, and pulse sequence development have laid the foundation for rapid progress in cardiac MR imaging. This article summarizes developing techniques and technique-related aspects, and the advantages and possible pitfalls of 3T in particular.
A coupled nonlinear system

Abstract A system of coupled equations is solved by the (Adomian) decomposition method which provides an analytical approximation requiring no linearization and therefore a new approach to nonlinear problems.
Enhancing realistic hands-on network training in a virtual environment

Ensuring cyber related personnel are properly trained is vital to maintaining and defending our country's network and computer infrastructure. The Air Force provides formal technical training schools, on-line computer based training, and training exercises to achieve this goal. However, local on-the-job training conducted by field supervisors needs to be focused towards hands-on system training to keep the trainee's skills current. Unfortunately, continual training can be difficult to accomplish since system down-time is not an option to provide training, due to high demand supporting real-world missions. This paper looks at the software training tools available in the realm of virtual machines, their strengths and weaknesses, and demonstrates application in training the next generation of cyber warriors.
A Condition on Uniform Field Breakdown in Electron-Attaching Gases

The usual form of breakdown potential curves indicates that at large $\mathrm{pd}$ an asymptotic value of $\frac{E}{p}$ seems to exist, below which breakdown does not occur. A study of the equation for steady-state current in electron-attaching gases suggests that this ${(\frac{E}{p})}_{\mathrm{lim}}$ is nearly that for which the ionization and attachment coefficients are equal. Substantial agreement is found in C${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$, C${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$S${\mathrm{F}}_{5}$, C${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, S${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$, air, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ between values of ${(\frac{E}{p})}_{\mathrm{lim}}$ so determined and those found experimentally. The order of ${(\frac{E}{p})}_{\mathrm{lim}}$ for these gases corresponds closely to that of their dielectric strengths.
Identification of cardiac arrest by emergency dispatchers

Prompt identification of cardiac arrest by emergency dispatchers can save valuable time and increase the likelihood of successful resuscitation. The authors reviewed 516 cardiac and 146 non-cardiac calls to identify features of a probable cardiac arrest call. The results indicate that information about sex, location, and activity is of little use in the identification of cardiac arrest. When the patient is over 50 years old and the caller is emotional, the possibility of cardiac arrest is high, suggesting that questions about consciousness and breathing should be asked immediately. Additional information can be obtained or telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions can be given after dispatch of an emergency vehicle.
Lumped Kinetics of Self-Heating Runaway Reactions: A Statistical Treatment

The evaluation of laboratory-scale runaway reactions is of fundamental importance to safety studies that seek mitigation of hazards in the chemical industry. Such studies depend on reaction kinetics, which require good experimentation practices and effective interpretation of the results. Statistics offer many tools for the analysis of experimental data. Parameters can be estimated and re-evaluated to reduce collinearity between the factors. In addition, experimental variability and deficient model performance at temperatures in the neighborhood of venting conditions can be properly managed to provide conservative reaction rates without exaggerating the hazard.
Interplay of Topology and Chemical Stability on the Electronic Transport of Molecular Junctions

: The coherent electronic transport through molecular junctions is theoretically modeled. The interplay of geometry, topology, and chemistry is explored within the Landauer picture of elastic scattering and various methods of quantum description of the composite system. The emphasis is on obtaining guiding principles for device optimization. Outstanding problems and future directions are outlined.
False Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible MIC Results by Microscan Panel PC 29 Relative to Etest Results for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci

This study correlated the daptomycin MIC results obtained by Microscan and by Etest in Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci and found that the Microscan panel GP 29 had a high rate of false nonsusceptible results. Of the isolates interpreted as nonsusceptible by Microscan, 87% of Staphylococcus aureus, 90% of Enterococcus faecalis, and 88% of Enterococcus faecium isolates were interpreted as susceptible by Etest. In turn, Etest also has false nonsusceptible results compared to reference methods.
The fine structure of the interrenal cells of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) with evidence for possible exocytotic release of steroids.

The duck interrenal cell possesses ultrastructural characteristics common to other steroid-secreting cells. Lipid droplets and mitochondria are abundant and lie principally at the apical end of the cell. Lipid droplets are not membrane-limited. Cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that are occasionally continuous with the less abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum are a prominent feature of the interrenal cell. Tubular profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum often lie tangentially to mitochondria and ribosomes are either free, grouped in polyribosomal clusters, or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria possess tubular cristae in the inner regions of the gland and frequently contain a paracrystalline array of small 10nm (o.d.) tubules and less frequently a hexagonal array of 40nm trilaminar rings. Other cytoplasmic components include dense bodies, residual bodies, microtubules, microfilaments and specialized single membrane-bound vesicles. Gap junctions, intermediate junctions and interdigitating processes constitute the main intercellular associations. No tight junctions were identified.
Possible Role(s) of Neurokinins in CNS Development and Neurodegenerative or Other Disorders

Abstract RAFFA, R.B., Possible role(s) of neurokinins in CNS development and neurodegenerative or other disorders . NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22 (6) 789–813, 1998.—The present review is an attempt to summarize the diverse literature that suggests a role for neurokinins in a variety of CNS developmental or disease processes. The role of neurokinins in (anti)nociception is well known and is the subject of other comprehensive reviews. The focus of this review is on associations that implicate substance P or other neurokinins in certain aspects of CNS development and in various neuropathologic disorders that have neurodegenerative, psychiatric or other clinical manifestations. Also included are associations related to the central control of some “peripheral” functions. The amount and degree of evidence for neurokinin involvement in each situation vary from strong to speculative—critical analyses and commentaries on individual methodologies and studies are available from other sources. When viewed in this broad context, the information suggests intrinsic neuroprotective or neurodegenerative properties of neurokinins. It is proposed that these properties delineate a specialized area within the broader field of neurokinin research.
In-House and External Secondary Data Sources for a Ministry Donor Information System

Abstract This paper explains how basic statistics, content analysis and regression and correlation analysis may be combined to produce measures that indicate changes in donor-appeal-letter sensitivity and donor commitment over time. It also explains how donor sensitivities to certain issues may be discovered by incorporating demographic and lifestyle statistics by zip code.
Resistance of Erythrocytes of Hibernating Mammals to Loss of Potassium during Hibernation and during Cold Storage

In two species of hibernators, hamsters and ground squirrels, erythrocytes were collected by heart puncture and the K content of the cells of hibernating individuals was compared with that of awake individuals. The K concentration of hamsters did not decline significantly during each bout of hibernation (maximum period of 5 days) but in long-term bouts in ground squirrels (i.e. more than 5 days) the K concentration of cells dropped significantly. When ground squirrels were allowed to rewarm the K content of cells rose toward normal values within a few hours. Erythrocytes of both hamsters and ground squirrels lose K more slowly than those of guinea pigs (nonhibernators) when stored in vitro for up to 10 days at 5°C. In ground squirrels the rate of loss of K during storage is the same as in vivo during hibernation, and stored cells taken from hibernating ground squirrels also lose K at the same rate. The rate of loss of K from guinea pig cells corresponded with that predicted from passive diffusion unopposed by transport. The actual rate of loss of K from ground squirrel cells was slower than such a predicted rate but corresponded with it when glucose was omitted from the storage medium or ouabain was added to it. Despite the slight loss of K that may occur in hibernation, therefore, the cells of hibernators are more cold adapted than those of a nonhibernating mammal, and this adaptation depends in part upon active transport.
Abnormal sexual behavior during sleep.

ABSTRACT Introduction Automatic, uncontrolled, and unaware sexual behaviors during sleep have occasionally been described. The clinical and polysomnographic features of nocturnal sexual behavior allow it to be considered a distinct parasomnia named "sexsomnia". Recently, abnormal sexual behaviors during sleep have been evaluated in the forensic medical context because violent behaviors can be associated with this parasomnia. Aim To describe the clinical and polysomnographic findings in three patients who referred to our sleep laboratory for sleep disorders and who reported episodes of sleep‐related sexual activation. Main Outcome Measures We analyzed video‐polysomnographic recordings, sleep structure, sleep microstructure, and sleep‐related respiratory events. Methods The patients were three males aged 42, 32, and 46 years. All had unremarkable medical, neurological, and psychiatric histories. All underwent full‐night polysomnography. Results Each patient presented a distinct sleep disorder: one had severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), one presented clinical and polysomnographic features of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnia (somnambulism), and the third presented clinical and polysomnographic features of rapid eye movement behavior disorder. Conclusions. In our patients, the clinical and polysomnographic findings suggest that abnormal nocturnal sexual behavior can occur in association with distinct sleep disorders, characterized by different pathophysiologic mechanisms and distinctive treatments. Abnormal sexual behaviors during sleep should be investigated with polysomnography in order to define their pathophysiology and to establish appropriate treatments. Della Marca G, Dittoni S, Frusciante R, Colicchio S, Losurdo A, Testani E, Buccarella C, Modoni A, Mazza S, Mennuni GF, Mariotti P, and Vollono C. Abnormal sexual behavior during sleep.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Blood Flow Through Stented Arteries

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease that reduces arterial lumen size through plaque deposition and arterial wall thickening. The pathological complications of atherosclerosis, namely heart disease and stroke, remain the leading cause of mortality in the world. The most common interventional procedure against atherosclerosis involves the placement of an intravascular stent. Intravascular stents are small tube like structures placed into Stenotic arteries to restore the blood flow. In this study CFD analysis is performed on the femoral artery by considering blood flow as a pulsating, incompressible and Newtonian flow over a realistic velocity waveform of the femoral artery. The artery is considered as a rigid and straight with a branch. The governing transient Navier-Stokes equations are solved using commercial software code Star-CCM+. Simulations are performed on healthy, atherosclerosis affected and Stented femoral arteries. Velocity and wall shear stress fields over the cardiac cycle are analyzed to predict the outcome of the interventions in terms of recirculation and stagnation regions and identify improved stent designs. The flow patterns in the arteries are highly modulating along with the cardiac cycle and a strong function of the waveform created by the heartbeat. The complex blood flow pattern with slow moving regions, flow separation and recirculatory form near the wall during cardiac cycle is the major contributing factor to the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque at that location. It was demonstrated that adverse flow field created upstream and downstream of the blockage may cause enhanced growth in size of the blockage. The stent design also plays significant role in the possibility of restenosis.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The Dynamics of Silencing Conflict

Abstract In many organizations, when people perceive a difference with one another they do not fully express themselves. Despite creating innumerable problems, silencing conflict is a persistent phenomenon. While the antecedents of acts of silence are well documented, little is known about how some organizations develop norms of silence. To explore the evolution of a norm of silence, we draw on an ethnographic study that spanned the entire life of a dot.com, starting with its founding and ending with its sale to a larger company. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we map the processes through which acts of silence became self-reinforcing. Drawing on that analysis, we build a formal model of silencing that helps identify the conditions under which silence moves from an isolated incident into a self-reinforcing norm. Our analysis has implications for understanding both the development of a repeated pattern of silence and the broader process of norm formation.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF AN INFINITE PAST: A REPLY TO WHITROW

Critique de la these soutenue par G. J. Whitrow, "On the Impossibility of Infinite Past" (ibid., p.39-45) de l'asymetrie du temps eu egard a l'opposition fini-infini, c'est-a-dire de l'impossibilite de l'infinite du passe. L'auteur reprend ce probleme sous sa forme plus specifiquement kantienne.
Microwave assisted organocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in a monophasic green solvent system

Monophasic microwave assisted dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) catalyzed by p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) was studied in non-aqueous organic solvents. Of the three monophasic systems studied (isopropyl alcohol, N,N-dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide), isopropyl alcohol, a preferred green solvent gave the product in highest yield. Use of PTSA as proton source for microwave (2.45 GHz) assisted dehydration of fructose in isopropyl alcohol resulted in >98% fructose conversion with >90% HMF yield in 90 s of reaction time. The use of inexpensive and mild acid catalyst PTSA for HMF synthesis with an ecofriendly solvent IPA offers ease of catalyst handling and solvent recovery.
Belarus in the 1920s: Ambiguities of national formation

In 1920 the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic emerged upon the ruins of German and Polish occupation. It replaced the short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic as the embodiment of national statehood. The ensuing decade came to be an important but ambiguous period in Belarusian history. New state institutions such as the Commissariat of Public Enlightenment, the Institute of Belarusian Culture, and the Belarusian State University carried out unprecedented “nation-building” policies designed to reverse the effects of tsarist Russification and foster the development of Belarusian national culture. Parodoxically, many of the same institutions also implemented various aspects of “Sovietization.” A myriad of measures under the label “socialist construction” served to integrate ever more closely Belarus into the Soviet Union.
Palladium Catalyzed Additions to Allylic Hydroxy Phosphonates: Applications in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Enterolactone and Turmerone

Reaction of nonracemic allylic hydroxy phosphonates, prepared by the asymmetric phosphonylation of unsaturated aldehydes, with methyl chloroformate in pyridine yields the corresponding carbonates. The carbonates are excellent substrates for the palladium-catalyzed addition of nucleophiles. Addition of the nucleophile is highly regioselective, resulting in n -substituted vinyl phosphonates. The reaction of the allylic carbonates with aryl stannanes and malonates has been investigated. Progress in the application of these reactions to the synthesis of turmerone and enterolactone is reported.
Effect of surface interactions and geometry on the motion of micro bio robots

Micro Bio Robots (MBRs) are synthetic microstructures with a monolayer of flagellated bacteria adhered to the surface. The flagella of the bacteria propel the microstructure causing it to rotate and translate in a fluidic environment on a planar surface in the absence of external forces. This paper investigates the force contributions of bacteria adhered to the edge versus the center of the micro-structure by selectively altering their behavior using near-UV light. In particular, we investigate the forces that cause predominant clockwise MBR rotation when viewed from above. Additionally, asymmetric shapes, particularly gears, are used to compare the effect of the adherent bacteria with that of collisions among free-swimming bacteria and the microstructure. We find that bacteria adhered near the edge of the MBR interact with the glass substrate under the MBR, accounting for statistically biased clockwise rotation of MBRs.
Branding the American Family: A Strategic Study of the Culture, Composition, and Consumer Behavior of Families in the New Millennium

L'etude de la configuration de la famille, de ses changements, innovations et tendances permet a l'anthropologue d'etablir des correlations avec les comportements de consommation, et notamment l'utilisation des marques pour former une identite, participer a une communaute, ou s'impliquer dans une organisation sociale. L'A. presente une synthese d'une etude de tendance sur la famille nord-americaine a l'aube du 21 eme siecle, mise en lumiere par rapport a son etat dans les annees 1960. Cette perspective met en evidence des caracteristiques demographiques et qualitatives des familles contemporaines qui influencent la segmentation des marches et les strategies publicitaires. La taille, la composition, et la dynamique interpersonnelle de la famille a change, ainsi que la maniere dont elle est representee dans la culture populaire. Les strateges du marketing sont aujourd'hui confrontes au defi de concevoir des publicites qui puissent transcender les divisions a l'interieur et entre les familles contemporaines et s'adresser aux valeurs et experiences familiales fondamentales.
Feeding Value of Limestone-Treated Corn Silage for Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract The feeding value of limestone-treated corn silage (1% limestone added at time of ensiling) was compared to regular corn silage in the ration of lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four high-producing cows were divided into three equal groups and fed the following rations: Group I. Limestone-treated corn silage ad libitum plus 1lb of alfalfa hay/100lb B.W. and grain at a rate of 1lb for each 3lb of 4% FCM. Group II was fed regular corn silage ad libitum and the remainder of the ration was the same as for Group I. Group III was fed regular corn silage plus 1% ground limestone added at the time of feeding, and the remainder of the ration was the same as for Group I. There were no significant differences in gross chemical make-up between the regular and limestone-treated corn silages. However, the treated corn silage contained 104 and 80% more acetic and lactic acids, respectively, than the control silage. The higher levels of lactic acid in the treated silage appeared to influence the proportions of the rumen volatile fatty acids; however, the change was not statistically significant. No significant differences were found in dry matter consumption from the silages, milk yield, milk fat per cent, or change in body weight of the cows consuming the silage.
Student Engagement: A CCSSE Follow-Up Study to Improve Student Engagement in a Community College.

This qualitative case study at a two-year community college investigated the reasons behind a persistent gap in the college students’ engagement level in several key areas such as active and collaborative learning and student-faculty interaction as demonstrated in the longitudinal Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) and the Community College Faculty Survey of Student Engagement (CCFSSE) results. Using the maximal variation purposeful sampling method, 63 students participated in the study. Results suggested that students’ own perception and behaviors, faculty’s expectations and characteristics, the course characteristics, and institutional level support all played an important role in engaging students. There was a disparity between students’ high perception of the importance of engagement and low level of effort and a disparity between faculty’s perception of student engagement and students’ own perception of engagement. Community college students welcomed high expectations and high sta...
Computer calculations of Cartesian force constants

Abstract Cartesian force constants have been calculated by computer. These constants are related to the sum of the squares of the vibrational fundamentals of a molecule by a sum rule employing a force constant for each kind of atom in the molecule. Constants were calculated by minimizing the error between observed and calculated sums of squares for a set of 142 molecules. Constants, which seem to be useful predictors of the sums of squares of vibrational fundamentals, have been obtained for hydrogen, carbon, the halogens, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Charge-relaxation process dominates contact charging of a particle in atmospheric condition: II. The general model

In this paper, the `charge-relaxation model' proposed in our preceding paper as a scheme determining the impact charge is discussed in detail, especially for the case of an arbitrary initial charge. It is shown that the model explains well not only the `equilibrium charge' but also the `charging line' in terms of a proportional dependence of the impact charge on the initial charge. The comparison between the measured impact charge and the theoretical value shows that the measured value increases with increasing impact velocity and impact angle and has a value at saturation about 110% of that estimated by our non-empirical theory. In the case of impact charging between a conducting particle and metal plate, the charge relaxed completely. This could be explained in terms of the two-dimensional relaxation of charge on the particle surface. Discussion and experiments on the particle-size dependence of the maximum charge showed that the maximum charge was proportional to the particle size raised to the power 1.5.
A Method of Improved Wavelet Threshold for Signal De-Noising

this paper presents an improved threshold function in order to improve the effect of electro-cardio signal denoising. This improved threshold function is continuous; the wavelet coefficients are reduced to zero smoothly according to the function when their absolute values are less than threshold value. Adding a factor to the function can change the form of threshold function and adjust the estimated deviation of wavelet coefficients. The results of MATLAB simulation show that the denoising effect of this method is better than soft and hard threshold. It may help to improve the quality of diagnosis if this method is applied to electro-cardio signal pre-processing，and it can be applied in communication systems for speech signal denoising.
Cloning and characterization of the rat Crisp-1 gene

Abstract Rat androgen-regulated acidic epididymal glycoprotein (AEG), also known as Protein DE, is a product of the Crisp-1 gene. Protein DE is secreted into the epididymal lumen and binds to sperm heads during their transit through the epididymis. In experiments reported here, the rat Crisp-1 gene has been cloned and its structure determined. The rat Crisp-1 gene spans 38 kb and contains nine exons encoding an 1120 bp epididymal Protein DE mRNA. The boundaries of the protein-coding exons are structurally organized similar to the mouse Crisp-1 gene, except for the 5′ untranslated sequence, which is encoded by one exon in the mouse Crisp-1 gene and two exons in the rat gene. All the introns are flanked by AG/GT consensus splice sequences. Crisp-1 is a single-copy gene as shown by the presence of single bands by Southern blot analysis and PCR using rat genomic DNA as template. Recognition sites for steroid hormone receptors are present in the 5′ flanking region and in intron 1, consistent with the known regulation of Protein DE expression by androgens. RT-PCR experiments demonstrate three splice variant mRNAs involving the non-coding exon 2. The Crisp-1 gene also produces an mRNA without an exon 1 sequence by utilizing a transcription start site in intron 1, 5′ of the start of exon 2. All forms of the Crisp -1 mRNA are predicted to encode Protein DE.
Governing Characteristics for 820,000 Horsepower Units for Grand Coulee Third Powerplant

In selecting parameters for large hydropower generating units such as those for the Grand Coulee Third Powerplant, control characteristics to satisfy power system needs can strongly influence economics of the design. The needs for abnormal mechanical inertia and expensive reduction of the penstock water starting time are shown to be mitigated by refinement of governor characteristics. This paper describes selection of controllability to meet power system needs, relation of controllability to mechanical inertia and the penstock time constant to facilitate economic proportioning, influence of the governing system and its refinement with several new features for improved performance.
Risk of stroke following valve replacement surgery

Abstract Stroke is a significant complication following cardiac valve surgery. The risk of stroke is governed by a number of variables including location of the valve (mitral versus aortic), adequacy of anticoagulation, presence of atrial fibrillation, and patient comorbidities. Interestingly, the risk of thromboembolism appears equal regardless of whether the prosthesis is a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve.
Exogenous estrogens attenuate dietary hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the rabbit

The effect of exogenous estrogens upon the response to dietary cholesterol was tested in New Zealand White rabbits. Cholesterol-fed, untreated rabbits had a 10-fold increase in plasma cholesterol in 12 wk. The major increase of cholesterol occurred in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, 43.5-fold) followed by intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL, 26-fold) and low density lipoproteins (LDL, 6-fold) with no change in high density lipoproteins (HDL). These diet induced changes were markedly attenuated in the estrogen treated animals, in whom plasma cholesterol increased only 5-fold. This increase was distributed among LDL (6-fold), IDL (7.5-fold), and VLDL (9-fold), similarly with no change in HDL. All the lipoproteins in both groups of animals were considerably enriched in cholesterol during cholesterol feeding as indicated by a high cholesterol/protein and cholesterol/triglyceride ratio. However, these ratios were lower in estrogen treated animals. There were no differences in the feed consumption, body weight or cholesterol absorption between the two groups of animals. Rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet but not treated with estrogen had well developed lesions in all parts of the aorta with higher content of cholesterol and phospholipids as compared to those injected with estrogen, whose aortas were completely clear of visible atherosclerosis. Equivalent total hypercholesterolemia was induced in other estrogen-treated rabbits by feeding twice the cholesterol dietary content (0.2%) as in nonestrogen-treated animals. Aortic atherosclerosis was far more evident in the latter, which had higher proportions of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins of d < 1.006 g/ml.
An experimental study of sapped drainage network development

In a basin developed on a stream table, effluent subsurface flow supported a channel network that evolved by a combination of headward growth, lateral widening and divide decay. The area occupied by the developing network increased with time. Circularity was used to characterize network evolution which occurred in three phases (initiation, extension and abstraction). Basin sediment discharge declined exponentially with time. Pronounced quasi-cyclic variability was superimposed upon this general trend. Some of the variability was directly linked to changes in the amount of sediment supplied to the channel. The variation of mean network sediment yield (mean sediment discharge scaled by network area) with time adequately described the general decline in sediment discharge as the network evolved.
1443 ANEMIA OF PREMATURITY, ERYTHROPOIETIN (EP) AND CENTRAL VENOUS OXYGEN TENSION (PvO 2 ), INDICATORS OF ADEQUATE TISSUE OXYGENATION

1443 ANEMIA OF PREMATURITY, ERYTHROPOIETIN (EP) AND CENTRAL VENOUS OXYGEN TENSION (PvO 2 ), INDICATORS OF ADEQUATE TISSUE OXYGENATION
Concomitant antipsychotic prescribing in US outpatient settings.

Abstract Background Clinicians use concomitant antipsychotic therapy for management of psychotic disorders despite a paucity of evidence for this practice. Objective To examine national patterns and determinants of concomitant antipsychotic therapy. Methods Concomitant antipsychotic therapy was defined as simultaneous use of 2 or more antipsychotic agents. Prescription data from the 2003-2004 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient department portion of the 2003-2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to characterize the prescribing of concomitant antipsychotic therapy and antipsychotic monotherapy (defined as use of a typical or atypical agent). Multiple logistic regression was applied to antipsychotic visits to examine the determinants of concomitant antipsychotic therapy based on patient and provider characteristics. Results Overall, concomitant antipsychotic therapy was documented in 9% of the visits involving antipsychotic agents, and monotherapy in 91% of the visits. The use of atypical agents, namely risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine, was common in both forms of therapy. Concomitant therapy was frequently used for psychoses and bipolar disorder. Logistic regression revealed that the odds of receiving concomitant antipsychotic therapy were higher for patients younger than 65 years, with greatest odds (odds ratio = 6.52) for patients 40 to 64 years old. Having a diagnosis of psychosis quadrupled (odds ratio = 4.33) the odds of receiving concomitant antipsychotic therapy. Physicians in metropolitan areas were more likely (odds ratio = 2.17) to use concomitant antipsychotic therapy than physicians in non-metropolitan areas. Conclusions Concomitant antipsychotic therapy continues to be prevalent and extensive in outpatient settings. With the use of concomitant antipsychotic therapy as a quality of care measure, there is a need to optimize prescribing of these potent combinations.
Temporal occurrences and recurrence patterns of hypoglycemia during hospitalization.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the temporal distribution of hypoglycemia and its rate of recurrence during hospitalization to aid in the development of strategies to prevent hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Methods: Retrospective review of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <50 mg/dL) audit data in adult hospitalized patients at 2 academic hospitals. Demographics, timing, and blood glucose values were recorded. Antihyperglycemic medications, number of recurrent events, and change in basal insulin dose following the hypoglycemic event were also extracted. Results: A total of 274 index occurrences of hypoglycemia were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 53.8 years, with roughly equal gender distributions. Twenty-eight percent of the events occurred in the absence of antihyperglycemic therapy. The incidence of hypoglycemia peaked between midnight and 6 AM. There were 36 instances of recurrent hypoglycemia associated with antihyperglycemic therapy, with 78% (n = 28) cases involving basal insulin. Patie...
Mass asymmetry and total-kinetic-energy release in the spontaneous fission of /sup 262/(105)

Mass and total--kinetic-energy (TKE) distributions of fission fragments from the spontaneous fission of /sup 262/(105) and /sup 256/Fm have been obtained. No events with anomalously high TKE were observed, contrary to the theoretical expectations. The mass distribution from the fission of /sup 262/(105) is very probably asymmetric and similar to distributions obtained from all spontaneously fissioning systems with the exception of /sup 257/Fm and /sup 259/Fm.
PLASTIC SURGERY IN RELATION TO RADIOTHERAPY FOR CANCER OF THE MOUTH.

Summary A review of the literature indicates that when an oral cancer exceeds 2 cm. in diameter or where the neck glands are palpable, elaborate reconstruction should be deferred in favour of a simple one-stage repair. Most writers feel that block dissection for clinically impalpable glands is not indicated. An analysis of twenty-four of the cases treated in a recent five-year period at the Mount Vernon Centre for Plastic Surgery suggests that, following irradiation, serious consideration must be given to the importing of tissue for repair when the excisional surgery is to be extensive. Unless this is done in such cases, block dissection of the neck glands should be postponed until healing at the site of primary excision is complete.
Genetic Analysis Reveals Dispersal of Florida Bass Haplotypes from Reservoirs to Rivers in Central Texas

Abstract We analyzed the genetic structure of putative largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides populations in nonstocked, wadeable streams of central Texas. Mitochondrial D-loop sequences were generated for 69 fish sampled for this project. In addition, 27 largemouth bass and Florida bass M. floridanus specimens provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) were sequenced. The TPWD samples represented stock lineages as well as wild fish from outside of the sampling region. Our analyses revealed the presence of both largemouth bass and Florida bass mitochondrial haplotypes at all sampling locations. Haplotypes of the nonnative Florida bass accounted for 26% of all haplotypes. The presence of Florida bass haplotypes at the sampling locations indicates that the influence of stocking reaches far beyond managed reservoirs. The admixture of nonnative genetic material can increase genetic diversity of native populations, but outbreeding depression, competition, and other negative impacts are of concer...