cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New and Useful Gauge Extension of the MSSM

A new nontrivial U(1) gauge extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is proposed which automatically conserves baryon number and lepton number, and solves the mu problem. Naturally small Dirac neutrino masses are also possible in this context.
Family History, Age, and Risk of Fatal Breast Cancer

A family history of breast cancer potentially identifies women at high risk for whom mammography may be especially valuable. The authors examined the association of fatal breast cancer and family history in a large, prospective study of US adults. After 6 years of follow-up, 880 cases of fatal breast cancer were observed in a cohort of 604,412 women who were cancer free at interview in 1982. Cox proportional hazards modeling found that a family history of breast cancer in a mother or sister was significantly related to fatal breast cancer risk (rate ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.95). The association was greatly modified by age; the rate ratio was 4.91 (95% CI 1.39-17.3) in women aged or = 70 years. Among young (aged < 50 years) women, the risk associated with a positive family history was greatest if the relative was also young at the time of diagnosis (rate ratio = 5.22, 95% CI 3.00-9.11). These associations were not altered in multivariate analyses controlling for known breast cancer risk factors. In the authors' data, family history is strongly predictive of early fatal breast cancer, particularly when the disease is diagnosed before age 50 in the relative. Women with a family history of early breast cancer should receive special instructions regarding mammography and early detection.
Toward a Distributive Commons in Patent Law

Patents both promote the development of health technologies as well as constrain access to them. Access constraints on patented medicines, diagnostics, and agricultural innovations can severely compromise human health, particularly for low-income populations. To help address this challenge, this Article explores mechanisms for integrating distributive safeguards in the patent system in a manner consistent with strong property rights and private ordering. Finding existing patent doctrine inadequate, this Article examines solutions arising from the developmental histories of particular health technologies. In particular, this Article argues that public institutions, which contribute enormous amounts of "scientific capital" - money, labor, and bodily materials - to life sciences research and development, can effectively leverage these contributions to enhance access to downstream patented technologies. By providing vital capital, government, academic, and nonprofit entities both weaken the economic need for exclusive rights as well as obtain limited co-ownership stakes in resulting inventions. By exercising this leverage, public institutions are helping to create a "distributive commons" that enhances access to patented health technologies for low-income populations. This Article surveys existing practices, providing prescriptions to address the chilling effects and technical competence concerns that undermine distributive efforts. It concludes by challenging prevailing theoretical preferences for individual rather than communal ownership of property, highlighting the advantages of public-private co-ownership of nonrival resources.
Working with Lesbian-Headed Families: What Social Workers Need to Know

More gay men and lesbian women are choosing parenthood. One common challenge facing lesbian-headed families is how to navigate interactions with societies that are largely homophobic, heterocentric, or unaware of how to embrace non-traditional families. Systems may struggle to adjust services to meet the needs of modern family structures, including families led by lesbian women. The following are three areas of intervention (knowledge, creating affirmative space, and ways to incorporate inclusive language), informed by current literature, that allow social workers to create successful working relationships with members of lesbian-headed families.
Long-term pulmonary sequelae after Legionella pneumophila infection in the hamster.

It has been reported that infections with Legionella pneumophila can lead to chronic inflammatory and f ibrotic reactions in the human lung. To better characterize the nature of the residual abnormalities caused by this bacterium, we inoculated Syrian hamsters intratracheally with 108 serotype 1 L. pneumophila organisms and assessed histologic, functional, and biochemical changes at intervals up to 180 days. Acutely, L. pneumophila caused an intense alveolar macrophage (AM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) response within the lower air spaces, air-filled lungs were noncompliant, and there was an associated 25 to 50% increase in the lung content of collagen and elastin after 10 days. An inflammatory response, consisting principally of AM and centered around the terminal bronchioles, was still prominent in some infected lungs after 90 and 180 days, and the severity of the inflammation was correlated with a persistent restrictive defect in the elastic behavior of the lung. However, by histologic examina...
Modulation of CYP2EI activity by isoniazid in rapid and slow N‐acetylators

Aims An investigation was undertaken to compare the effects of isoniazid pretreatment on the CYP2El -mediated 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone in healthy subjects of known N-acetylator phenotype. Methods CYP2E1 activity was estimated based on the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone following single dose (250 mg) oral administration to seven slow and eight rapid N-acetylators who were in good health. Separate studies were performed prior to and 14 days after the subjects received 300 mg isoniazid dady. Additional investigations were undertaken 2 and 16 days after discontinuing treatment with the antitubercular agent. Results Concomitant administration of chlorzoxazone with the final dose of isoniazid resulted in reduced metabolism in both phenotypes; however, the extent of inhibition of 6-hydroxylation was greater in the slow N-acetylators—about 80% vs 60%. Two days after stopping isoniazid administration, chlorzoxazone's pharmacokinetic parameters had returned to their baseline values and remained constant for a further 14 days in the rapid acetylators. In contrast, chlorzoxazone's 6-hydroxylation in slow acetylators was increased by about 60% compared with baseline at 2 days after dicontinuing isoniazid but had returned to its initial value 14 days later. Conclusions The interphenotypic difference in the time-dependent interactions of isoniazid with CYP2E1 probably reflect a higher drug exposure in slow acetylators. Inhibition of CYP2E1 activity occurs in both N-acetylator phenotypes but is less extensive in fast acetylators, during the time that effective levels of isoniazid are present in the body. Increased CYP2E1 activity reflective of enzyme induction, on the other hand, is only observable following isoniazid's elimination and is more extensive in slow than rapid acetylators. Even then, however, such induction is relatively modest and of short duration.
Improving spatial resolution of multileaf-collimator-defined radiation treatment field

A prototype high definition multi-leaf collimator system (HDI) has been developed and installed on the linear accelerator for use in conformal radiotherapy. The HDI technique utilizes the dynamic shift of the 3D-target volume to feather the multi-leaf collimator defined field edges. During each feathering, the leaf positions are adjusted according to the updated target image projected into the MLC plane. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that this device can improve spatial resolution of a conformal radiation therapy treatment. The results of this study indicate that the HDI technique can be a useful tool for treating small, or highly irregular shaped targets, and for sparing adjacent critical structures for certain cases.
Understanding and management of amniotic fluid embolism

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare obstetric problem characterized by sudden onset of hypotension, hypoxemia, and coagulopathy. This case represents the difficulty in differentiating AFE from other etiologies of cardiopulmonary compromise. The definitive diagnosis of AFE is made at autopsy with the demonstration of fetal cell elements in the pulmonary vasculature. Diagnosis can be highly suspected if squamous cells and other debris of presumed fetal origin are demonstrated in blood aspirated from the central venous or pulmonary artery circulation of symptomatic parturients. Predisposing factors for AFE include advanced maternal age, multiparity, large fetal size, and short tumultuous labor, especially if uterine stimulants are used. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the key to the treatment of parturients with AFE. A pulmonary artery catheter can be helpful in diagnosis and hemodynamic management of parturients with AFE.
Perceptual collapse: The fusion of spatially distinct tactile cues into a single percept

This work investigates how haptic percepts are combined across two fingertips. Two single-degree-of-freedom haptic interfaces were used to present virtual bumps to the thumb and index finger of subjects' right hand. As subjects slid the two interfaces from left to right while maintaining a fixed finger separation, they would encounter one bump with the index finger and one with the thumb. The objective bump locations were varied randomly, from spatially coincident to separated by slightly more than the fingertips. Subjects were asked to report the number of bumps in the objective world and the number of times they encountered each bump, and also to point to the locations of the bumps. We found that subjects exhibited a strong bias toward reporting a single objective bump in the virtual world. However, the percept varied from one bump encountered twice, when the two virtual bumps were nearly spatially coincident, to one bump encountered once, which occurred when the two virtual bumps were close to finger separation and therefore encountered nearly simultaneously. The latter result is evidence for a kinesthetic grouping phenomenon: temporally synchronized sensations at multiple fingers can be perceptually collapsed into a single percept in both time and space.
Effects of combined administration of imipramine and chlorpromazine on β- and α2-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex

Abstract Administration of the combination of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs has been reported to have a synergistic effect in the treatment of delusional depression. The effects of chronic coadministration of imipramine (IMIP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on β -adrenergic and α -adrenergic sites in rat cerebral cortex were studied. The combination caused the same reduction in the number of β -adrenergic receptors as IMIP alone. No changes in α -adrenergic receptors were observed with IMIP and/or CPZ.
Spatiotemporal analysis of ethanol market penetration

Abstract Consumption of ethanol in the United States has increased rapidly over the last few years, fueled by both higher crude oil prices and generous public support measures for renewable fuels. The contribution of ethanol to the transport energy mix varies markedly by state. Heterogeneity in ethanol adoption and market development is investigated using a hierarchical, spatiotemporal model. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method is employed for estimation of the proposed flexible model structure. Besides spatial dependence among neighboring states, differential inclusion rates of ethanol are found to be largely determined by national- and state-level biofuel incentive policies, relative gasoline prices, feedstock availability, household median income, MTBE bans, and density of fuel retail infrastructure. Our findings imply that increasing renewable fuel support as well as investing in extending the transportation and fuel retail infrastructure can result in higher ethanol consumption.
Resting structures and resting habitat of fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada, California

The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a forest mustelid endemic to North America that has experienced range reductions in Pacific states that have led to their listing under the Endangered Species Act as warranted but precluded by higher priorities. The viability of the southern Sierra Nevada fisher population is of particular concern due to its reduced historical range, isolated nature, and low genetic variability. We located resting structures of radio-collared fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada and compared resting and available habitat to examine selection for specific features of resting sites. Resting structures provide protection from predators and unfavorable weather and are believed to be the most limiting habitat element across fisher home ranges. Resting structures were found primarily in live trees (76%) and snags (15%). Trees used by fishers for resting were among the largest available and frequently had mistletoe infestations. Ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) were used more often than expected and incense cedars (Calocedrus decurrens) less than expected. Snags were also large and in fairly advanced stages of decay. Habitat at fisher resting sites had higher canopy cover, greater basal area of snags and hardwoods, and smaller and more variable tree sizes compared to random sites. Resting sites were also found on steeper slopes and closer to streams. Canopy cover was consistently the most important variable distinguishing rest and random sites. In western North America, fishers are generally associated with late-successional forests, but changes in these forests due to logging and fire suppression have resulted in a transition to forest stands characterized by fewer large trees and more small stems. These conditions are consistent with our finding that the large rest structures were surrounded by smaller than average trees. Management practices that support the growth and retention of greater numbers of large trees and snags, while maintaining a minimum of 61% (based on moosehorn) or 56% (generated via Forest Vegetation Simulator) canopy cover and a complex horizontal and vertical forest structure, can improve and provide for future fisher habitat.
Metabolic, endocrine, and drug-induced interference with pituitary function tests: a review.

Abstract Data are summarized concerning some common disease-induced and drug-induced alterations of pituitary function tests. These factors must be kept in mind in order to avoid errors in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary disease.
Minor physical anomalies in normal, neurotic, learning disabled, and severely disturbed children.

A high incidence of minor physical anomalies in a childhood schizophrenic population has been previously reported by Goldfarb. In the present study, 108 boys from four different clinical populations were examined, utilizing a standardized anomaly scoring system for which a high interrater reliability was obtained. The patient populations were: general pediatric ward patients (n=31), psychoneurotic outpatients at a university child guidance clinic (n =26), learning disabled children (n=23), and autistic, borderline, and atypical children (n=28) from two residential treatment centers. Both the learning disabled and residential treatment populations had higher mean anomaly scores than did the first two groups, but did not differ significantly from each other. There was a trend for patients with multiple anomalies to have had more frequent history of prenatal insults or paternal psychopathology. These results indicate that the development of these minor anatomical anomalies which are formed in the first three months of fetal development may parallel early developmental deviation of the central nervous system. The finding of high anomalies in the residential treatment groups supports the idea that some of these patients share a common etiology with the other early developmental deviations, such as speech delay or mental retardation, for which high anomaly scores have also been reported.
Characteristics and Cost Analysis of Injuries & Illnesses in Poultry Processing Operations in Louisiana

Abstract In this report, compensable cases of worker injury reported to the Louisiana Office of Workers’ Compensation have been analyzed for the poultry processing operations for the period 1985 to 1992. The number of employees has steadily increased over the years (1,196 in 1985 and 1,928 in 1990). The incidence rates (per 100 full time employees per year), however, did not reveal an increasing trend, but was highest in 1987 (3.25), followed by 3.11 in 1990. Forty-one percent of the compensable cases were workers employed less than one year on the job. Sprains and strains accounted for the largest percentage of cases (41%) and the average total cost per case was $14,700. Among these sprain and strain injuries, the back was the most frequently affected body part (66%). During the period there was a notable increase in the incidence of cumulative trauma disorders, known as CTDs (4% in 1987, 20% in 1991, and 13% in 1992). More than one third (36%) of all cases occurred to the upper extremities alone. On an average, back and head injuries cost the industry $24,900 and $18,900, respectively. All working surface injuries averaged $28,000, while falls resulted in an average of $25,900. A relationship between workers’ compensation costs and lost workdays has been determined.
The role of teacher education in preparing teachers for critical multicultural citizenship

Abstract This article examines the influence of a teacher education program designed to promote aspects of critical multicultural citizenship on the views of preservice teachers׳ concerning citizenship education for culturally diverse contexts. The findings are based on a case study of four minority preservice teachers who attended a large research university in the Southwest and who expressed beliefs related to critical multicultural citizenship. Two questions guided this study: Where did participants acquire their views on citizenship and citizenship education? What role did their teacher education program play in fostering their views of citizenship education? Findings from this study illuminated nuances in the interaction between participants׳ prior beliefs about teaching for citizenship education and those ideas expressed in the teacher education program. While participants clung soundly to prior experiences, they often borrowed terminology and tools that were explicitly conveyed in the teacher education program to both express their ideas and to frame their classroom practices. Implications for teacher educators are discussed.
Edge Gradient Analysis Otf Accuracy Study

The optical transfer function (OTF), obtained with the Perkin-Elmer edge gradient analysis (EGA) measurement technique, is a complex function consisting of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the phase transfer function (91F). Previous experiments demonstrated the EGA technique to be accurate for measuring the modulation transfer function. An experiment was conducted to test the Perkin-Elmer automated EGA technique as to its accuracy in measuring the phase transfer function. Experimental equipment was designed to pro-duce photographic edges with a theoretically known phase component. The experimental apparatus provided sinusoidal image motion to an edge test target while it was photographed with a high quality optical system. The resulting photographic edges were degraded by a known amount of sinusoidal image motion during exposure. These edges were measured using the EGA procedure. The experimental values for all OTF effects other than that due to sinusoidal image motion were then removed. The resultant OTF's were compared to the theoretically derived values for the appropriate sinusoidal image motion. The results demonstrate that the EGA technique is an accurate method of measuring both the modulation transfer function and the2hasetran'sfer function over the spatial frequency region tested.© (1968) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Automatic Fall Detection Using Mobile Devices (Abstract Only)

Mobile devices are becoming an integrated part of every person's life regardless of age. Several studies have shown that falls account for over sixty percent of injuries in adults older than 65. These falls can leave permanent scars and limit the everyday lives of those people. Since people that fall are instructed not to move, it is crucial to provide them with a means to call for help. Systems like LifeAlert© have provided means for their clients to call for assistance by pressing a button they wear around their neck. However, if a person who has fallen is rendered unconscious, they are unable to do anything to obtain the assistance they need. This project focuses on developing a mobile application and related algorithms to allow mobile devices to determine if a person has fallen. The algorithms developed in this project takes in real-time data from a smartphone's accelerator and determines whether the sequential readings satisfy the three stages of falling (the free fall stage, collision with the floor stage, and remaining at rest stage). The results of the experiments demonstrate promising hands-free responses to the smartphone user falling. By using a smartphone or similar device, it is possible to autonomously call for assistance without the user having to manually press a button.
Comparison of Temperament Scores of Jewish and Gentile Male Students

As a byproduct of a study to cross-validate six variables from an interest inventory (Baggaley, 1963) and to develop variables of interest items to measure temperament, the scores of 47 Jewish and 43 Gentile (Protestant or Roman Catholic) male students on the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS) became available. The students were enrolled in a course in introductory psychology at Temple University. Their religious preferences were recorded from cards that they had filled out at the time of registration in February, 1962. The rwo groups were compared by applying t tests to the differences between the pairs of means for the 10 GZTS traits. The means and values of t are shown in the accompanying table:
DAT binding and psychopathological features in depressed patients

IntroductionMany evidences stress the implication of dopamine systems in the pathophysiology of depression. Currently, few and uncertain results are available on pre-synaptic dopaminergic dysfunction during depression. Our aim was to assess dopamine transporter (DAT) density in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with marked psychomotor retardation or anhedonia using 123I-FP-CIT SPET.Methods15 drug-free patients (F/M=8/7, mean age=44.6 SD=12.6 years) with MDD according to DSM-IV-R criteria, were enrolled for: 1. Psychometric assessment (of depression, anxiety, anhedonia and psychomotor impairment using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale and Depression Retardation Rating Scale);2. DAT measurement with 123I-FP-CIT SPET.14 healthy subjects, comparable for gender and age, formed the control group.ResultsPatients had moderate-to-severe depression. They showed a significant decrease in DAT density in whole striatum bilaterally compared to controls. Furthermore, mean 123I-FP-CIT uptake ratios were significantly lower in caudate and putamen bilaterally. Patients were then divided into two subgroups: 7 had a relevant psychomotor retardation without anhedonia; 8 had severe anhedonia without retardation. The psychomotor retardation group showed significantly lower 123I-FP-CIT uptake ratios in left putamen compared to the anhedonic group. An inverse correlation between DAT density in left putamen and retardation scores were observed.ConclusionPresent results confirm a decrease of DAT binding in MDD. Low DAT availability could represent a compensatory mechanism following dopamine reduction. Moreover, DAT reduction seems to be related more to retardation than anhedonic features, in agreement with previous PET imaging findings.
Effects of aging on articular cartilage homeostasis

This review is focused on aging-related changes in cells and extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage. Major extracellular matrix changes are a reduced thickness of cartilage, proteolysis, advanced glycation and calcification. The cellular changes include reduced cell density, cellular senescence with abnormal secretory profiles, and impaired cellular defense mechanisms and anabolic responses. The extracellular and cellular changes compound each other, leading to biomechanical dysfunction and tissue destruction. The consequences of aging-related changes for joint homeostasis and risk for osteoarthritis are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Osteoarthritis".
Intrinsic kinetic equation for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media: the double Tafel slope and fuel cell applications

According to Sergio Trasatti, “A true theory of electrocatalysis will not be available until activity can be calculated a priori from some known properties of the materials.” Toward this goal, we developed intrinsic kinetic equations for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using as the kinetic parameters the free energies of adsorption and activation for elementary reactions. Rigorous derivation retained the intrinsic connection between the intermediates' adsorption isotherms and the kinetic equations, affording us an integrated approach for establishing the reaction mechanisms based upon various experimental and theoretical results. Using experimentally deduced free energy diagrams and activity-and-barriers plot for the ORR on Pt(111), we explained why the Tafel slope in the large overpotential region is double that in the small overpotential region. For carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C), the polarization curves measured with thin-film rotating disk electrodes also exhibit the double Tafel slope, albeit Pt(111) is several times more active than the Pt nanoparticles when the current is normalized by real surface area. An analytic method was presented for the polarization curves measured with H2 in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The fit to a typical iR-free polarization curve at 80 °C revealed that the change of the Tafel slope occurs at about 0.77 V that is the reversible potential for the transition between adsorbed O and OH on Pt/C. This is significant because it predicts that the Butler–Volmer equation can only fit the data above this potential, regardless the current density. We also predicted a decrease of the Tafel slope from 70 to 65 mV dec−1 at 80 °C with increasing oxygen partial pressure, which is consistent with the observation reported in literature.
Cryosurvival of Trichomonas vaginalis during cryopreservation of human semen.

Despite a 90% cryosurvival of Trichomonas vaginalis in their growth medium trypticase yeast maltose (TYM) with DMSO, none of these parasites have previously been observed to survive during Cryopreservation of infected human semen with glycerol (Andrologia 18, 323 (1986)). This could have been due to the failure of the culture method used to detect low numbers of survivors. The prospects of possible transmission of T. vaginalis by artificial insemination with cryobanked (−196 °C) semen prompted an investigation of the cryosurvival of this parasite in the presence of semen with the cryoprotectant glycerol, using a more sensitive culture method for viability evaluation. Semen and seminal fluid from the same 23 ejaculates, as well as culture medium, were inoculated with small clinical numbers of T. vaginalis and evaluated as to their survival before and after cryopreservation. Results indicated: (i) The highest cryosurvival of T. vaginalis (4.5%) was in cryobanked (glycerolated) semen, (ii) semen, as well as glycerol, shows cryoprotective action, and (iii) glycerol reduced survival of parasites in semen, seminal fluid, and TYM medium during exposure prior to freezing. Clinical information on infectivity of small numbers of T. vaginalis and the data presented here suggests that these organisms could be transmitted by artificial insemination with infected cryobanked human semen.
Floretlike cells in in situ and prolapsed orbital fat.

Purpose Orbital pleomorphic lipoma has been rarely reported in the literature. Although floretlike cells are characteristic of pleomorphic lipoma, they are not pathognomonic. We reviewed cases of prolapsed orbital fat and exenteration specimens to determine the significance of presence of these cells in the diagnosis of orbital pleomorphic lipoma. Design Retrospective interventional case series with clinicopathologic correlation. Participants Seventy-two specimens of 45 patients with prolapsed orbital fat and 74 exenteration specimens as controls. Intervention Histologic review of the specimens including light microscopy, Masson trichrome staining, immunostaining for S100, CD34, CD68, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, and transmission electron microscopy and review of clinical records and analysis of the data with generalized estimation equation. Main Outcome Measure Evidence of histologic abnormalities in histologic specimens and clinical and demographic data. Results Floretlike cells were present in 31 of 72 (43%) specimens of prolapsed orbital fat and in 12 of 74 (16%) orbital exenterations. Fewer than 6 florets were present in twenty 40× high-power fields in 15 (48%), 6 to 10 in 9 (29%), and >10 in 7 (23%) specimens. The florets stained positive for CD34 but not for S100 or CD68. TUNEL assay revealed significant nuclear pyknosis, and transmission electron microscopy disclosed spindle-shaped cells with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and no basement membrane. The mean age of patients with prolapsed orbital fat with florets was 67 years (range, 52–86). Of 31 samples, 29 (94%) were from males. Of 30 samples, 29 (97%) were located in the superotemporal conjunctiva; only one was located in the lower lid. There was significant association between the presence of florets and location of the prolapsed orbital fat ( P = 0.0013) and gender ( P = 0.0015). Conclusion Floretlike cells may be present in in situ and prolapsed orbital fat as a degenerative process. What some have called "orbital pleomorphic lipoma" is in fact only age-related orbital fat prolapse.
Invited presentation III: the architects' workbench — research in the trenches

IT architects know how hard it is to collect architectural information in an engagement and keep it all clear and organized in their minds. Transforming that information into models of a viable architecture and keeping the associated documents consistent and up to date is an even greater challenge. The Architects' Workbench (AWB) supports the creative process of architectural thinking and modeling. With AWB, architects capture informal notes, unstructured information and existing documents during customer meetings or at any time throughout an engagement. They proceed to progressively structure, formalize, and refine the information using the AWB modeling and refactoring tools. In this way, AWB users opportunistically build up models to achieve a viable architecture. At any time, users can automatically generation consistent, up-to-date documents from customizable templates. Developed by IBM Research in collaboration with IBM Global Services, AWB has been used in production by IT architecture practitioners, and the response has been very enthusiastic. While customizable to other methods and metamodels, it is tailored to the practice of IBM Global Services. This talk presents key AWB innovations, along with experience from production use of the AWB.
Presidential libraries: merging public records and private lives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Presidential Library System run by the United States National Archives and Records Service and analyze how its history and the legislation surrounding the presidential libraries can create conflicting missions and controversy.Design/methodology/approach – This is a viewpoint focusing on several recent events in the news concerning presidential libraries that highlight their ambiguous position.Findings – The paper finds that presidential libraries and museums are a national resource and sites for learning, teaching and scholarship. However, the full potential of these institutions is often not realized due to insufficient funding and inconsistent legislation both resulting in lack of access to the records. This also leads to misunderstandings and controversies surrounding these institutions.Practical implications – Access to government records is a hallmark of democracy. Understanding how access to the records of former presidents has been determined pr...
HORMONAL AND PHYSICAL MARKERS OF PUBERTY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADOLESCENT-TYPICAL NOVELTY-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR

The extent to which characteristic adolescent behaviors are associated with pubertal changes or driven by more general, puberty-independent developmental alterations is largely unknown. Using physiological and hormonal markers of puberty, this experiment characterized pubertal timing across adolescence and examined the relationships among these variables and novelty-directed behaviors. Males and females were tested for response to novelty at P28, P32, P36, P40, P44, P48, and P75, and examined for balano-preputial skinfold separation and sperm presence (males) or vaginal opening (females), followed by blood collection for hormonal assessments. Despite earlier pubertal maturation in females, with maturation generally completed by P36 in females and P44 in males, novelty-directed behavior peaked at P32 and P36 in both sexes, and was unrelated to pubertal measures. These data support the suggestion that the ontogenetic peak in this behavior during adolescence is not notably puberty dependent.
The Curcumin Analog EF24 Targets NF-κB and miRNA-21, and Has Potent Anticancer Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

EF24 is a curcumin analog that has improved anticancer activity over curcumin, but its therapeutic potential and mechanism of action is unknown, which is important to address as curcumin targets multiple signaling pathways. EF24 inhibits the NF-κB but not the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in DU145 human prostate cancer cells and B16 murine melanoma cells. EF24 induces apoptosis in these cells apparently by inhibiting miR-21 expression, and also enhances the expression of several miR-21 target genes, PTEN and PDCD4. EF24 treatment significantly suppressed the growth of DU145 prostate cancer xenografts in immunocompromised mice and resulted in tumor regression. EF24 enhanced the expression of the miR-21 target PTEN in DU145 tumor tissue, but suppressed the expression of markers of proliferating cells (cyclin D1 and Ki67). In syngeneic mice injected with B16 cells, EF24 treatment inhibited the formation of lung metastasis, prolonged animal survival, inhibited miR-21 expression and increased the expression of miR-21 target genes. Expression profiling of miRNAs regulated by EF24 in vitro and in vivo showed that the antitumor activity of EF24 reflected the enhanced expression of potential tumor suppressor miRNAs as well as the suppressed expression of oncogenic miRNAs, including miR-21. Taken together, our data suggest that EF24 is a potent anticancer agent and selectively targets NF-κB signaling and miRNA expression, indicating that EF24 has significant potential as a therapeutic agent in various cancers.
Disclosure of Sexual Intercourse by Teenagers Agreement Between Telephone Survey Responses and Annual Visit Disclosures

Background. Physicians can help guide teenagers in their emerging sexuality; however, teens rarely inform physicians about their sexual activity. Methods. We audio-recorded annual visits between 365 teenagers and 49 physicians. Before the recorded visit, the teens were asked in a confidential telephone survey whether they had ever engaged in sexual intercourse. Recordings were coded for teenage disclosures about previous sexual intercourse. We measured agreement between telephone survey responses and annual visit disclosures, and examined factors associated with agreement between the two. Results. Fifty-six teenagers (15%) reported previous sexual intercourse in either the telephone survey or to their physician. Among those who reported sexual intercourse, 57% shared this information to both the telephone survey and their physician (κ = .72, confidence interval = 0.63-0.82). Conclusions. Although a slight majority of teenagers disclosed their sexual activity to both the telephone survey and their doctor, ...
Critical behavior of disordered degenerate semiconductors. II. Spectrum and transport properties in mean-field theory

The critical behavior of disordered degenerate semiconductors is studied within a mean-field theory valid when the number of degeneracy points is large. I show that above two dimensions there is a semimetal-metal transition at a critical impurity concentration. The mean free path and the one-particle density of states exhibit scaling behavior with universal exponents. The transition is smeared at nonzero temperature. An equation of state, relating temperature, disorder, and bare conductivity, is presented. In two dimensions, the semimetallic phase is unstable. I show that a localization transition follows except in two dimensions where all states are localized. The bare conductivity appears to be a universal number in two dimensions. Applications to zero-gap semiconductors and other systems are discussed.
Solubilities of heavy hydrocarbons in compressed methane, ethane, and ethylene: Dew‐point temperatures for gas mixtures containing small and large molecules

Solubilities of heavy hydrocarbons in compressed gases were measured in the region 50° to 170°C for hexadecane, bicyclohexyl, diphenylmethane, and 1-methyl naphthalene and in the region 165° to 272°C for eicosane and squalane. Measurements were made in the pressure region 9 to 80 atm. The solubility data were reduced to yield second virial cross coefficients B12. To interpret the B12 data, a square-well potential was used; the characteristic size of the large molecule is given by the mean radius of gyration which takes into account the variety of molecular conformations. Calculated results give good agreement with new as well as previously published B12 data. Illustrative calculations indicate how the results obtained here may be used to make dew-point calculations in multicomponent systems containing both small and large molecules.
Solving the Color Incompatibility Problem

It is commonly held that Wittgenstein abandoned the Tractatus largely because of a problem concerning color incompatibility. In this paper, I solve the color incompatibility problem and argue that the central program of the Tractatus can in fact be accomplished.
Reproductive development in young boars exposed to sexually mature, nonpregnant sows and gilts

Thirty Yorkshire boars were allotted by litter to one of two treatment groups. Fifteen boars were reared, from 14 to 22 wk of age, in fenceline contact with mature sows and gilts that were randomly exhibiting estrus. Fifteen littermates of these boars, reared without exposure to females, served as controls. Boar-to-boar sexual behaviors were observed 1 hour daily from 16 to 22 wk of age. At ages 14 to 30 wk, boars were weighed at 4-wk intervals. Five boars per treatment were slaughtered when 22 wk old and twelve others (six per treatment) when 30 wk old. Vesicular gland, bulb of the prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and each testis, cauda epididymis, and combined caput and corpus epididymis were closely trimmed and weighed. Left cauda epididymal sperm and left testis elongated spermatids were determined by homogenization and hemacytometer counting. At 26, 30, and 38 wk of age, boars were tested for mating efficiency by exposure to an estrous gilt. Boars exposed to females tended to be lighter at 22 wk and were lighter at 30 wk (P<.05). Total male-to-male sexual acts from 16 to 22 wk were correlated with mating-efficiency score at 26 and 30 wk (r = .69 and .68, respectively; (P<.05)). Correlation between testicle size and total testicle elongated spermatids was high at 30 wk of age (r = .92; P<.001). Results indicated that exposing young boars to mature females had limited effects on the boars' reproductive development; however, there were strong indications of a relationship between boar behavior during rearing and postpuberal mating performance.
Transient scattering of a short pulse from a conducting sinusoidal surface

A study on the transient scattering of a short EM pulse from a conducting sinusoidal surface which simulates a sea surface has been conducted. Theoretical analyses were performed for an infinite sinusoidal surface as well as a finite sinusoidal surface for both TE and TM polarized illuminations. A series of experiments was also conducted on a finite sinusoidal surface model to verify the theory. There are some interesting observations due to cut-off and band-pass phenomena of the Floquet modes excited in the periodic surface. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the backscattered response of a short EM pulse from a conducting sinusoidal surface is a series of periodic peaks representing the reflections of the pulse from the crests of the surface.
Influence of Injection of Cows with Copper Glycinate on Blood and Milk Copper and Oxidized Flavor in Milk

Summary Subcutaneous injection of copper glycinate suspension into a cow causes prolonged elevation of blood copper. It was postulated that if the elevated blood copper increased the milk copper level, the treatment might provide both an experimental approach to studying factors that influence the concentration and catalytic activity of natural copper in milk, and a source of milk that would develop spontaneous oxidized flavor consistently. Subcutaneous injection of three cows with 300mg of copper as copper glycinate suspension increased both blood and milk copper for at least 4 wk but, except during the first 24 hr after injection, did not increase the incidence of spontaneous oxidized flavor in the milk. The low catalytic activity of the copper suggests that it was bound in a different form from that in normal milk produced after the first 6 to 8 wk of lactation. Since the metabolism of copper is influenced by molybdenum and zinc, these elements were determined spectrographically in the blood and milk. After the copper glycinate injections, molybdenum and zinc were higher in the blood but not in the milk.
A unified Bayesian framework for global localization and SLAM in hybrid metric/topological maps

We present a unified filtering framework for hybrid metric/topological robot global localization and SLAM. At a high level, our method relies on a topological graph representation whose vertices define uniquely identifiable places in the environment and whose edges define feasible paths between them. At a low level, our method generalizes to any detailed metric submapping technique. The filtering framework we present is designed for multi-hypothesis estimation in order to account for ambiguity when closing loops and to account for uniform uncertainty when initializing pose estimates. Our implementation tests multiple topological hypotheses through the incremental construction of a hypothesis forest with each leaf representing a possible graph/state pair at the current time step. Instead of using a heuristic approach to accept or reject hypotheses, we propose a novel Bayesian method that computes the posterior probability of each hypothesis. In addition, for every topological hypothesis, a metric estimate is maintained with a local Kalman filter. Careful pruning of the hypothesis forest keeps the growing number of hypotheses under control while a garbage-collector hypothesis is used as a catch-all for pruned hypotheses. This enables the filter to recover from unmodeled disturbances such as the kidnapped robot problem.
Assessment of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Responsiveness in Phenylketonuria

Objective To determine the prevalence of and identify subjects with phenylketonuria (PKU; phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency) responsive to 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) and to establish selection criteria for potential treatment with BH 4 . Study design Blood phenylalanine levels from 557 newborns and children with various degrees of PKU (blood phenylalanine, 301 to 4743 μmol/L) challenged with BH 4 (20 mg/kg of body weight) were analyzed at 8 and 24 hours after BH 4 administration. The 2 modalities were compared in terms of phenylalanine reduction. Results The overall prevalence of BH 4 responsiveness within patients with PKU for blood phenylalanine reductions of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% was 48%, 38%, 31%, and 24%, respectively, using the 8-hour modus and 55%, 46%, 41%, and 33%, respectively, using the 24-hour modus. Using the 30% cutoff, BH 4 responsiveness was similar regardless of the modality in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia (79% to 83% responders), mild PKU (49% to 60% responders), and classical PKU (7% to 10% responders). Conclusions BH 4 responsiveness is more prevalent than was previously assumed, particularly in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia and mild PKU. Depending on the severity of hyperphenylalaninemia, selection criteria for the potential treatment with BH 4 may range from 20% to 40% blood phenylalanine reduction after 24 hours.
Protection of SJL/J mice from demyelinating disease mediated by Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus

Intracerebral infection with the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induces a chronic demyelinating disease in SJL/J mice. Intraperitoneal inoculation with either the wild-type DA virus or an attenuated variant virus of DA, H7A6-2, results in protection from development of chronic demyelinating disease. Protective anti-viral immune responses result in reduced viral titers and decreased inflammation in the central nervous system within the first week following intracerebral challenge with virus. Development of protective immunity requires the presence of B cells and CD4+ T cells but does not require CD8+ T cells. High titers of serum anti-viral IgG and neutralizing antibodies are induced following the intraperitoneal inoculation with the DA virus or H7A6-2 virus prior to challenge. While protection could not be transferred with immune serum from DA virus-infected mice or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, protection was correlated with increased numbers of DA virus-specific plasma cells in the central nervous system within the first week following intracerebral challenge. Protected mice also had enhanced levels of anti-DA virus IgG and neutralizing antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid by 1 week following intracerebral challenge with DA virus. Thus, we conclude that vaccination with live virus results in protection from chronic demyelinating disease by inducing immune responses which are manifested in the central nervous system and rapidly clear infection after intracerebral challenge with DA virus.
On the analysis of the dislocation relaxation in metals

The asymmetry of the Bordoni internal friction peak of metals in the inverse temperature space is emphasized. The data of dislocation relaxation of Au and Cu are reanalyzed. In the case of Cu, we obtained an activation energy which is closer to the value of Niblett and Wilks than that of Bordoniet al. Some aspects of the physical model of the distribution of the relaxation time and the distribution of the activation energy are discussed.
Frequency-resolved optical grating using surface third-harmonic generation

Summary form only given. Frequency-resolved optical grating (FROG) based on polarization-gate (PG FROG) and second-harmonic generation (SHG FROG) have been used successfully to characterize ultrashort optical pulses from the infrared to the ultraviolet. We extend this FROG technique with the use of third-harmonic generation (THG FROG) on the surface of virtually any substrate that transmits the fundamental wavelength. Unlike SHG FROG where the presence of the time-reversal ambiguity resulted in traces that are somewhat unintuitive, the third-order process of THG is unambiguous therefore the resulting THG FROG trace is as appealing as the popular PC FROG. We used a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser oscillator.