cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EME 192 Report

I spent the quarter working in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) Materials Engineering Division. The group I have been working with (I’ve been here for two summers already) focuses on advanced manufacturing techniques such as stereolithography, electrophoretic deposition, and the printing of silicon based inks. Part of the goal of what is done in our group is to create designer materials not by altering the composition but by altering the micro-architecture. Our technology can create shapes that are not possible with traditional manufacturing techniques. This allows us to create structures that are light, yet very strong and stiff. It also allows us to create materials with property gradients. In other words, we can make structures and parts that are stronger in some locations than others. I have been working with electrophoretic deposition for the duration of my stay and have focused on advancing the technology from a thin-film technique to a true additive manufacturing paradigm. Put succinctly, electrophoretic deposition is the deposition of particles in suspension with electric fields. Particles have a potential on the surface which allows them to be driven to an electrode using an electric field. The particles then deposit onto the conductive regions of the substrate,more » traditionally, the entire surface. Electrophoretic deposition is powerful in that it can handle a wide variety of materials (ceramics, metals, bacteria), create material gradients in the deposits, and create layered deposition of multiple materials. A drawback of traditional electrophoretic deposition is that patterned deposits are only possible with a non-reconfigurable patterned electrode. A technique was developed at LLNL that allows for the arbitrary patterning of the electric field using photoconductive electrodes and light. This way, you can create interesting shapes and reconfigure the pattern of the deposit using the same electrode. A photoconductive electrode is made by hydrothermally growing titania nanorods onto a transparent current collector. A photomask is used to block incoming some light and only allow the desired pattern of light through. The photoconductive electrode then activates when and where the light hits, once an electric field is applied. Particles will migrate to the areas of illumation and deposit.« less
Tungsten Fabrication by Arc Spraying

This paper is concerned with the development of the plasma-arc spray process for the fabrication of free-standing tungsten bodies and its projection from the laboratory into the production of full-scale hardware.
‘Getting more comfortable in an uncomfortable space’: learning to become an activist researcher in a socially vulnerable sport context

ABSTRACTActivist research engages all participants as co-researchers in order to challenge the status quo in hopes of creating spaces in which they will actively participate in their education and feel responsible for their own and others’ learning. There are a number of challenges that researchers might face when engaging in activist research with co-researchers. In that sense, researchers must be open to multiple perspectives and critical attitudes in order to negotiate the challenges that arise in the process. This paper describes the challenges that the lead author faced in learning to become an activist researcher in a socially vulnerable sport context and how these challenges were negotiated. The lead author, supervised by the second author, conducted a six month activist research study in a soccer program in a socially and economically disadvantaged neighborhood in Brazil. Participants included two researchers (lead and second authors), 17 young people, four coaches, a pedagogic coordinator and a s...
Surface charge modification decreases Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence in vitro and bacterial persistence in an in vivo implant model.

Objective Chronic, persistent infections complicate otologic procedures utilizing implantable devices such as cochlear implants or tympanostomy tubes. These infections are thought to be due to the establishment of microbial biofilms on implant surfaces. To address this issue, we hypothesized that surface charge modification may inhibit the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on implant surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Study Design We evaluated the effect of surface charge modification on bacterial biofilm formation by assessing the effect of the surface charge on bacterial adhesion in vitro and bacterial persistence in vivo. Methods To study the effect of surface charge in vitro, the surface wells in culture plates were modified using a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte assembly method. Bacterial adherence was measured at 30-, 60-, and 120-minute intervals. To study the effect of surface charge modification in vivo, the surface of titanium microscrews was similarly modified and then surgically implanted into the dorsal calvaria of adult rats and inoculated with bacteria. Two weeks after implantation and inoculation, the number of bacteria remaining in vivo was evaluated. Results Surface charge modification results in a significant decrease in adherence of bacteria in vitro. Surface charge modification of titanium microscrew implants also resulted in a significant decrease in P. aeruginosa recovered 2 weeks after surgical implantation. Conclusion Charge modification decreases the number of bacteria adherent to a surface in vitro and decreases the risk and severity of implant infection in an in vivo rat infection model. These results have promising biomedical applications. Level of Evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 127:1655–1661, 2017
Development of Diagnostic Insecticide Concentrations and Assessment of Insecticide Susceptibility in German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Field Strains Collected From Public Housing.

Insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica (L.)) has been a barrier to effective control since its first documentation in the 1950s. A necessary first step toward managing resistance is to understand insecticide susceptibility profiles in field-collected strains so that active ingredients (AIs) with lowest resistance levels can be identified. As a first step in this study, diagnostic concentrations (DCs) were determined for 14 insecticide AIs based on lethal concentrations that killed 99% or 90% of the individuals from a susceptible lab strain (JWax-S). Next, cockroaches were collected from two low-income multifamily housing complexes in Danville, IL, and Indianapolis, IN, and used to establish laboratory strains. These strains were screened against the 14 AI-DCs in vial bioassays, and susceptibility profiles were determined by comparing percent mortalities between the field strains relative to the JWax-S strain. Results revealed lowest resistance of field strains to boric acid, abamectin, dinotefuran, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and chlorfenapyr. For the AIs hydramethylnon and imidacloprid, field strains did not display survivorship different than the lab strain, but >90% mortality was never achieved. Lastly, both field strains displayed resistance to indoxacarb, fipronil, acetamiprid, beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, but at varying levels. These results satisfy two objectives. First, baseline monitoring DCs were established for 14 insecticides presently registered for use against cockroaches, which represents a useful resource. Second, our findings reveal insecticide AIs with lowest resistance levels for use in forthcoming field studies that will investigate impacts of different insecticide deployment strategies on resistance management and evolution in cockroach field populations.
Biodegradable zwitterionic sulfobetaine polymer and its conjugate with paclitaxel for sustained drug delivery

Abstract A fully biodegradable zwitterionic polymer and the corresponding conjugate with paclitaxel (PTX) were synthesized as promising biomaterials. Allyl-functionalized polylactide (PLA) was employed as the precursor of polymer backbones. UV-induced thiol-ene reaction was conducted to conjugate thiol-functionalized sulfobetaine (SB) with the PLA-based backbone. The resulting zwitterionic polymer did not exhibit considerable cytotoxicity. A polymer-drug conjugate was also obtained by thiol-ene reaction of both thiol-functionalized SB and PTX with allyl-functionalized PLA. The conjugate could readily form narrowly-dispersed nanoparticles in aqueous solutions with a volume-average hydrodynamic diameter (Dh,V) of 19.3 ± 0.2 nm. Such a polymer-drug conjugate-based drug delivery system showed full degradability, well-suppressed non-specific interaction with biomolecules, and sustained drug release. In vitro assessments also confirmed the significant anti-cancer efficacy of the conjugate. After 72 h incubation with PLA-SB/PTX containing 10 µg/mL of PTX, the cell viabilities of A549, MCF7, and PaCa-2 cells were as low as 20.0 ± 2.5%, 1.7 ± 1.7%, and 14.8 ± 0.9%, respectively. Both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy suggested that the conjugates could be easily uptaken by A549 cells before the major release of PTX moieties. Overall, this work elucidates promising potentials of biodegradable zwitterionic polymer-based materials in biomedical applications. Statement of Significance The applicability of FDA-approved biodegradable aliphatic polyesters has been significantly restricted because they are hydrophobic and lack functionalities. Recently zwitterionic polymers have emerged as promising hydrophilic biomaterials, but most of the reported zwitterionic polymers are non-biodegradable. This study reports a novel aliphatic polyester-based zwitterionic polymer and the corresponding polymer-drug conjugate. Their aliphatic polyester and zwitterionic components provide them with high enzymatic degradability and low nonspecific interactions with biomolecules, respectively. While the zwitterionic polymer did not show noticeable cytotoxicity, the corresponding polymer-anticancer drug conjugate exhibited acid-sensitive sustained drug release, remarkable effectiveness in killing cancer cells, as well as the ready cellular internalization. This work lays a foundation for the further development of synthetic biodegradable zwitterionic polymer-based materials which potentially may have broad and significant biomedical applications.
Regression Trends & Treatment Effectiveness to Improve Quality of Life for a Pre-Adolescent Girl with MPS IIIA

Children with Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA/Sanfilippo Syndrome) have a rare lysosomal storage disorder. As these children age, they exhibit increasing numbers of symptoms representative of autism spectrum disorder, cognitive and communication regression, and behavior problems. Regression typically begins by approximately 6 years of age with loss of verbal communication and eventual motor regression. No treatments or cures exist for the physical manifestations or regression with the disorder with most professionals and researchers concentrating on palliative care. The current study provides seven years of longitudinal data for a 12-year-old girl with MPS IIIA. Data illustrated a day-to-day description of her communication skill regression. Descriptions and data included communication intervention, augmentative communication instruction, imitation motor-skill development and retention, and behavioral reductions using Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Data related to communication regression indicated high word retention variability directly before loss of speech. Data also indicated that ABA was successful in (a) teaching augmentative communication skills even after her cognitive and communication regression, (b) in learning and maintaining motor skills (e.g., hand use, mobility, and body stability), and (c) in reducing behavior problems (e.g., pica, hand mouthing). This study suggests that ABA may provide instructional techniques resulting in continued communication methods, maintenance of motor mobility, and reduction of unsafe behaviors for children with MPS IIIA. More research needs to be conducted to expand care for these children from only palliative care to treatments for increasing quality of life.
Heart Failure Therapy at the Turn of the Century

Major changes in the treatment of heart failure have occurred in the last fifty years that have had a dramatic effect on its morbidity and mortality. Over two hundred years have passed since the demonstration of the benefit of digitalis in heart failure to the development of potent loop diuretics. The observation that vasodilators could improve both cardiac function and mortality led to the investigation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI). Although these agents had significant vasodilator properties, their major benefit appears to be related to their ability to effect remodeling of the failing left ventricle. The most recent randomized clinical trials demonstrate that Beta Adrenergic Blocking agents can provide an incremental effect on both mortality and morbidity when added to therapy with ACEI. Although these agents have improved the outlook for the heart failure patient, they have had very little effect on the improvement of left ventricular function. Future research must be directed at methods to deal with this issue by either changing the contractile properties of the cardiomyocyte by pharmacologic or electrical therapy or by transplanting functional cells that can increase the number of functioning contractile units.
Economic analysis of the use of limited coronal computed tomography scans in the management of sinusitis.

BackgroundAs medical costs increase, less expensive alternatives to standard diagnostic tests are sought to reduce the economic burden placed on society. One alternative is using limited, non-conse...
From the Frontier: Translating Research to Practice…QI as the Hinge Point

This article is number three in the series From the Frontier: Translating Research to Practice. The narrative describes the work of a practice-academic network in Minnesota which explored the degree to which having a culture of quality at the local health department level influenced the capacity to implement a new statewide initiative. The network conducted a mixed-methods study of grantees funded to develop and implement local policy, systems, and environmental change strategies to promote nutrition, increase activity, and reduce tobacco use and exposure. The results of their study indicated that grantees with higher performance levels in Quality Improvement (QI) were much more likely to exceed expectations in local initiatives compared to grantees with lower levels of “QI maturity”. The study results are being used at the local level to advocate for authority to bolster QI and at the state level to establish baseline capacity of new grantees in order to customize technical assistance. This provides further evidence that systems-level research is possible in such practice-academic networks, and that findings from such research are immediately translatable.
Effects of RFID Technology on Profitability and Efficiency in Retail Supply Chains

Many companies do not consider adopting radio frequency identification, or RFID, technology because of the uncertainty of return on investment and the lack of business cases demonstrating its profitability or efficiency. This study investigates whether companies that have adopted RFID technology have better financial performance ratios in the U.S. retail industry. Companies using RFID technology have significantly higher operating income margins, lower inventory ratios, and lower per-employee costs. A regression analysis shows that inventory efficiency and cost efficiency do impact profit margins. The analysis also reveals that maintaining a low-level inventory ratio creates higher profit margins, but more research is still needed to demonstrate that higher profits result when companies adopt RFID technology.
Converting conventional agriculture to poplar bioenergy crops: soil greenhouse gas flux

Conversion of agricultural fields to bioenergy crops can affect greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Soil GHG emissions were measured seasona...
Case 2: Fever, Chills, and Abdominal Pain in a 4-year-old Girl.

1. Juan R. Barron Alemany, MD, MPH* 2. Tamera Akarah, MD† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children’s Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, and 2. †Department of Family Medicine, Northshore University Health System, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL A previously healthy 4-year-old girl presents to a pediatrician’s office for evaluation of fever and chills. The mother reports that the patient has not been feeling well for the past couple of days, with nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, generalized abdominal pain, and decreased urine output. Medical and family histories are noncontributory. The mother and patient recently traveled to India for their yearly 1-month visit to family members and returned approximately 2 to 3 weeks ago. The primary care physician evaluated the patient with a rapid streptococcal test and a throat culture for streptococcal pharyngitis, a rapid antibody test for infectious mononucleosis, and a blood smear for malaria; all of these results were negative. On day 5 of illness, the patient is brought again to the primary care physician's office and is subsequently sent to the emergency department for further management. The patient has continued with persistent fevers and chills for the past 5 days. Her maximum measured temperature was 103°F (39.4°C) at home, and the mother reports that fevers subside with antipyretic use. On physical examination the patient is noted to have unremarkable vital signs, looks well, and has no significant findings. Therefore, the patient is discharged with instructions for supportive care for a likely viral illness given that her mother has tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus. Further blood test results eventually …
Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): the Phenotype-Guided Approach

The syndrome of heart failure with preserved ejection (HFpEF) continues to rise in prevalence without persuasive evidence of current pharmacologic interventions that can reduce mortality. Clinical trials thus far have generally enrolled "all-comers" with the clinical syndrome of heart failure and objective evidence of a preserved ejection fraction. However, HFpEF is increasingly understood to be a heterogeneous syndrome likely borne from the interplay of genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and high burden of associated comorbidities with each contributing to a variety of incompletely understood pathophysiologic abnormalities. Complicating management further, such abnormalities appear to be present to varying degrees among individual patients. Ongoing studies, along with the use of computational statistics/machine learning, offer the hope of clarifying the pathophysiological substrates giving rise to the syndrome of HFpEF in different patient subsets. With better understanding of the syndrome's underpinnings, there will be the potential for development of truly targeted therapies. However, for now, there is substantial evidence for the use of currently available pharmacologic device and lifestyle therapy for the optimized management of patients. Such therapy can be tailored to presently identifiable patient clusters-called "phenotypes"-distinguished by both the presence of predominant presenting symptoms and/or predominant comorbidity profiles. Examples of clinical presentation phenotypes include lung congestion, chronotropic incompetence, pulmonary hypertension, or skeletal muscle weakness as predominant features. Additionally, such patients may have underlying metabolic syndrome, systemic (arterial) hypertension, renal dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and/or coronary artery disease as principal underlying comorbidities. Here, we review a "phenotype-guided" approach to the management of patients with HFpEF, based on a stepwise method of making the HFpEF diagnosis, identifying the prominent sources of organ dysfunction, and treating accordingly.
425 An Analysis of Distance From Collision Site to Pedestrian Home Residence in Pedestrian versus Automobile Collisions Presenting to a Level I Trauma Center

This study tests the hypothesis that most pedestrian collisions occur near victims' homes. Patients involved in automobile versus pedestrian collisions who presented to the emergency department at a Level I trauma center between January 2000 and December 2009 were included in the study. Patient demographics were obtained from the trauma registry. Home address was determined from hospital records, collision site was determined from the paramedic run sheet, and the shortest walking distance between the collision site and pedestrian residence was determined using Google Maps. We summarized distances for groups with the median and compared groups using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. We identified 1917 pedestrian injury cases and identified both residence address and collision location for 1213 cases (63%). Forty-eight percent of the collisions were near home (within 1.1 km, 95% CI 45-51%). Median distance from residence to collision site was 1.4 km (interquartile range 0.3-7.4 km). For ages 0-17, the median distance 0.7 km, and 59% (95% CI 54-63%) of collisions occurred near home. For ages 65 and older, the median distance was 0.6 km and 65% (95% CI 55-73%) were injured near home. Distance did not differ by sex, race, ethnicity, or blood alcohol level. More severe injuries (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) occurred further from home than less severe injuries (median 1.9 km vs. 1.3 km, p=.01). Patients with a hospital stay of 3 days or less were injured closer to home (median 1.3 km) than patients with a hospital stay of 4 days or more (median 1.8 km, p=.001). Twenty-two percent were injured within the same census tract as their home, 22% on the boundary of their home census tract, and 55% in a different census tract.
Observing the Observer: Understanding Our Selves in Field Research

Introduction 1. Developing Research Selves: The Desire, Opportunity, and Preparation to Do a Study 2. Becoming Independent of the Sponsor 3. Gaining Allies, Overcoming Antagonists, Being Tested 4. Personal Selves 5. Understanding the Elderly as a Consequence of My Mothering Role 6. Being a Woman, a Wife, 33 years old, a Jew and a Potential Member 7. Being an American, an Academic, a Sociologist/Anthropologist/Gerontologist, Dancer and Daughter 8. Situational Selves: Being a Worker, Being Temporary 9. Being a "Volunteer" (Neither a Volunteer nor a Hired Worker) and Being Sick 10. Being a Neighbor, a Friend, a Homemaker, a Hostess, and a Leaver 11. Theoretical Conclusions
Novel Forms of Protein O-Glycosylation

In summary, O-GlcNAc is a major form of post-translational modification on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotic cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc is a regulated modification, much like phosphorylation. We have tested a potent in vitro inhibitor of the O-GlcNAc’ase on cells in culture and demonstrated that we can significantly increase the level of glycosylation on numerous proteins. Interestingly, the PUGNAc-induced increase in the O-GlcNAc level on the transcription factor Spl is accompanied by a complementary decrease i n phosphorylation. These data support the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation may compete with each other for sites on proteins. Future studies using inhibitors such as PUGNAc should help us to understand the functional implications of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins.
First-principles coupled cluster theory of the electronic spectrum of transition metal dichalcogenides

The electronic properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have attracted much attention during the last decade. We show how a diagrammatic ab initio coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) treatment paired with a careful thermodynamic limit extrapolation in two dimensions can be used to obtain converged band gaps for monolayer materials in the ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ family. We find CCSD gaps to lie in the upper range of the spread of $\mathit{GW}$ approximation based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations, and also find slightly higher effective hole masses compared to previous reports. We also investigate the ability of CCSD to describe trion states, finding a reasonable qualitative structure, but poor excitation energies due to the lack of screening of three-particle excitations in the effective Hamiltonian. Our study provides an independent high-level benchmark of the role of many-body effects in 2D TMDs and showcases the potential strengths and weaknesses of diagrammatic coupled cluster approaches for realistic materials.
Assessing for Trauma in Psychological Evaluations for Law Enforcement Candidates and Personnel

Law enforcement assessment is a highly specialized area within the field of psychology. The psychologist’s main responsibilities within this domain are twofold: to assess potential police officer candidates and to assess and support officers during their careers. Given the nature of police work, trauma assessments are an integral component of this work. Officers are routinely exposed to life-threatening experiences, as well as vicarious trauma. Furthermore, they may have personal trauma histories. While these experiences may increase their empathy and ability to effectively respond to difficult situations, it can also be detrimental to their objectivity and ability to self-regulate and result in use of maladaptive coping skills. The following chapter describes the nature and function of pre-employment and fitness-for-duty evaluations, as well as best practices for conducting such evaluations. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion on the nature of trauma within law enforcement is provided, along with areas for consideration. In order to provide further context, there is an extensive discussion on the environment of police culture as it contributes to the experience of trauma. Finally, case examples, recommendations, and resources are provided.
Attention-Based Surgical Phase Boundaries Detection in Laparoscopic Videos

A new deep learning-based method is proposed for identifying the boundaries of all surgical phases in a laparoscopic video. The model is designed based on the sequence-to-sequence architecture with an attention mechanism, to map the extracted visual features to the frame numbers of the beginning and the ending of each phase. The main novelty is that the alignment vectors for each phase are taken as the outputs, and are trained directly to select the indices. We evaluated our model using a large publicly available dataset of laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure and obtained the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 48 seconds.
Fatal pedestrian crashes on interstates and other freeways in the United States.

Abstract Introduction: More than 800 pedestrians die annually in crashes on interstates and other freeways in the United States, but few studies have examined their characteristics. Method: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on pedestrians fatally injured during 2015–2017 were analyzed. Chi-square tests compared characteristics of pedestrians killed on interstates and other freeways with those that died on other roads, and across crash types among freeway deaths. Land use characteristics of locations where pedestrians were killed while crossing freeways in a large state (California) were identified using Google Earth. Results: A larger proportion of pedestrians killed on freeways died on dark and unlit roads (48% vs. 32%), were male (78% vs. 68%), or were ages 20–44 (55% vs. 32%) compared with pedestrians killed on other roads. Crossing (42%) was the most common crash type among pedestrian deaths on freeways, followed by disabled-vehicle-related crashes (18%). Pedestrians who died while crossing more often had blood alcohol concentrations ≥ 0.08 g/dL (40%) than those in disabled-vehicle-related (22%) or other crashes (34%). Deaths in crossing crashes were more likely than other freeway deaths to occur on urban roads (81%), at speed limits ≤50 mph (13%), or between 18:00 and 23:59 (49%), and 58% of crossing crashes analyzed for land use were located between residential and other (e.g., commercial, recreational) uses. Over a third (37%) of deaths in disabled-vehicle-related crashes occurred at speed limits ≥70 mph. Conclusions: A surprising proportion of pedestrian deaths occur on controlled-access roads not designed for walking. Countermeasures for these crashes need to be implemented to see meaningful reductions in pedestrian fatalities overall. Practical applications: Improving roadway and vehicle lighting, requiring reflective warning devices for marking disabled vehicles, constructing pedestrian overpasses and underpasses in areas frequently crossed, and promoting alternative means of traveling between residential and commercial areas could help.
University of Kentucky measurements of wind, temperature, pressure and humidity in support of LAPSE-RATE using multisite fixed-wing and rotorcraft unmanned aerial systems

Abstract. In July 2018, unmanned aerial systems (UASs) were deployed to measure the properties of the lower atmosphere within the San Luis Valley, an elevated valley in Colorado, USA, as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). Measurement objectives included detailing boundary layer transition, canyon cold-air drainage and convection initiation within the valley. Details of the contribution to LAPSE-RATE made by the University of Kentucky are provided here, which include measurements by seven different fixed-wing and rotorcraft UASs totaling over 178 flights with validated data. The data from these coordinated UAS flights consist of thermodynamic and kinematic variables (air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction) and include vertical profiles up to 900 m above the ground level and horizontal transects up to 1500 m in length. These measurements have been quality controlled and are openly available in the Zenodo LAPSE-RATE community data repository ( https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/ , last access: 23 July 2020), with the University of Kentucky data available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701845 ( Bailey et al. , 2020 ).
Ultrasonic Tenotomy and Debridement for Calcific Tendinopathy of the Shoulder: A Pilot Case Series.

Calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff is a common cause of shoulder pain and debility. Minimally invasive treatment options have been employed for management; however, ultrasonic tenotomy has n...
Psychometric Properties of the Academic Intrinsic Motivation Scale in a High School Context

The Academic Intrinsic Motivation Scale (AIMS) measures key components of student intrinsic motivation (IM). We investigate score validity and reliability of a downward extension of the AIMS develo...
The progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration study: a game changer.

This commentary is on the original article by Verity et al. on pages 287–294 of this issue.
Unsupervised machine learning model for DOT reconstruction

A machine learning (ML) model with physical constraints is introduced to perform diffuse optical tomography (DOT) reconstruction. Here, for the first time, we combine ultrasound-guided DOT with ML to facilitate DOT reconstruction. Our method has two key components: (i) An unsupervised auto-encoder with transfer learning is adopted for clinical data without a ground truth, and (ii) physical constraints are implemented to achieve accurate reconstruction. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed method surpasses that of the existing model. In a phantom study, compared with the Born conjugate gradient descent (CGD) reconstruction method, the ML method improves the reconstructed maximum absorption coefficient by 18.3% on high contrast phantom and by 61.3% on low contrast phantom, with improved depth distribution of absorption maps. In a clinical study, better contrast was obtained from a treated breast cancer pre- and post- treatment.
Clinicogenomic characterization of metastatic thymic epithelial tumors.

8579Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are one of the rarest adult malignancies. Overall, patients have favorable survival outcomes, however a small subset develop metastatic disease. Genom...
A simplified model for drag evaluation of a streamlined body with leading-edge damage

A reduced-order model (ROM) is proposed for efficient drag prediction on a streamlined body with surface imperfections that emulate leading-edge roughness or erosion-induced damage. Surface imperfe...
Conserved structural elements specialize ATAD1 as a membrane protein extraction machine

Abstract The mitochondrial AAA protein ATAD1 (in humans; Msp1 in yeast) removes mislocalized membrane proteins, as well as stuck import substrates from the mitochondrial outer membrane, facilitating their re-insertion into their cognate organelles and maintaining mitochondria’s protein import capacity. In doing so, it helps to maintain proteostasis in mitochondria. How ATAD1 tackles the energetic challenge to extract hydrophobic membrane proteins from the lipid bilayer and what structural features adapt ATAD1 for its particular function has remained a mystery. Previously, we determined the structure of Msp1 in complex with a peptide substrate (Wang et al., 2020). The structure showed that Msp1’s mechanism follows the general principle established for AAA proteins while adopting several structural features that specialize it for its function. We used the yeast growth assay to test the function of key amino acids within these structural elements. In this work, we determined the cryo-EM structures of the human ATAD1 in complex with a peptide substrate at near atomic resolution. The structures show that phylogenetically conserved structural elements adapt ATAD1 for its function while generally adopting a conserved mechanism shared by many AAA proteins. ATAD1’s distinguishing features include an abundance of aromatic amino acids that line the central pore proposed to give ATAD1 a firm grip on its substrate and a short α-helix at the C-terminus that strongly facilitates ATAD1’s oligomerization. We also developed a microscopy-based assay reporting on protein mislocalization, with which we directly assessed ATAD1’s activity in live cells.
Subjective distinguishability of seizure and non-seizure Déjà Vu: A case report, brief literature review, and research prospects.

Abstract Roughly two-thirds of all people report having experienced deja vu—the odd feeling that a current experience is both novel and a repeat or replay of a previous, unrecalled experience. Reports of an association between deja vu and seizure aura symptomatology have accumulated for over a century, and frequent deja vu is also now known to be associated with focal seizures, particularly those of a medial temporal lobe (MTL) origin. A longstanding question is whether seizure-related deja vu has the same basis and is the same subjective experience as non-seizure deja vu. Survey research suggests that people who experience both seizure-related and non-seizure deja vu can often subjectively distinguish between the two. We present a case of a person with a history of focal MTL seizures who reports having experienced both seizure-related and non-seizure common deja vu, though the non-seizure type was more frequent during this person’s youth than it is currently. The patient was studied with a virtual tour paradigm that has previously been shown to elicit deja vu among non-clinical, young adult participants. The patient reported experiencing deja vu of the common non-seizure type during the virtual tour paradigm, without associated abnormalities of the intracranial EEG. We situate this work in the context of broader ongoing projects examining the subjective correlates of seizures. The importance for memory research of virtual scenes, spatial tasks, virtual reality (VR), and this paradigm for isolating familiarity in the context of recall failure are discussed.
Stopping the Killing During the “Peace”: Peacekeeping and the Severity of Postconflict Civilian Victimization

Recent research has investigated the relative effectiveness of peacekeeping in stabilizing postconflict states, preventing the return to armed hostilities between belligerents, and reducing civilian abuse during civil conflict. This research has shed light on important theoretical and policy-relevant issues. However, scholars have largely neglected to evaluate the role of peacekeeping in protecting civilians during the notoriously unstable postconflict period. Even after active conflict has ended, the factions often persist in abusing civilians to reinforce conflict gains, shape the postconflict environment, exact revenge for wartime grievances, or spoil peace processes. This analysis investigates the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions in protecting civilians during the post-conflict “peace.” Using newly collected data on the number and type of United Nations peacekeeping personnel commitments along with civilian victimization data for all African conflicts between 1992 and 2010, we find that greater numbers of peacekeeping troops reduce anticivilian violence. By contrast, larger deployments of UN observers are positively correlated with violence.
Face Geometry and Appearance Modeling: Concepts and Applications

Human faces are familiar to our visual systems. We easily recognize a person's face in arbitrary lighting conditions and in a variety of poses; detect small appearance changes; and notice subtle expression details. Can computer vision systems process face images as well as human vision systems can? Face image processing has potential applications in surveillance, image and video search, social networking, and other domains. A comprehensive guide to this fascinating topic, this book provides a systematic description of modeling face geometry and appearance from images, including information on mathematical tools, physical concepts, image processing and computer vision techniques, and concrete prototype systems. The book will be an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students in computer vision, computer graphics, and multimedia as well as application developers who would like to gain a better understanding of the state of the art.
Empirical evaluation of designing multicasting network with minimum delay variation

In certain types of Internet applications, multicasting with Quality of Service (QoS) optimizations are required on both the end-to-end delay from the source to the destinations, as well as the difference in the end-to-end delay between the destinations. Examples of these applications include video-conferencing, online games, and distributed database replication. These applications require that the messages should reach all the destinations within a specified period of time and all the destinations should receive the message from the source almost at the same time. The solutions to the Delay and Delay Variation Bounded Multicast Network (DVBMN) problem involve generating a network which spans the source and the group of destinations such that the end-to-end delay from source to each destination is within a bound and the delay variation among all the destinations is minimum. The Chains heuristic proposed in the literature provides such a multicast network which achieves the tightest delay variation with minimum execution time. To test the performance of multicasting using the multicast network generated by Chains heuristic on the Internet, we have implemented a prototype of a multicast network using Chains and experimented multicasting with the prototype on PlanetLab. PlanetLab is an overlay testbed which connects more than 1000 nodes all over the world. We have analyzed the performance of multicasting using the prototype on PlanetLab. Results show that the measured value of maximum delay variation from the prototype approximately matches with the value calculated by Chains for a small number of destination nodes. However, as the number of destination nodes increases, the measured value of maximum delay variation from the prototype quickly increases.
A unified knowledge based approach for sense disambiguationm and semantic role labeling

In this paper, we present a unified knowledge based approach for sense disambiguation and semantic role labeling. Our approach performs both tasks through a single algorithm that matches candidate semantic interpretations to background knowledge to select the best matching candidate. We evaluate our approach on a corpus of sentences collected from various domains and show how our approach performs well on both sense disambiguation and semantic role labeling.
Two New Serological Groups of Actinomyces

Actinomyces odontolyticus and A. viscosus are designated as group E and group F in the serological grouping of the Actinomyces.
How the location of * influences complexity in kleene algebra with tests

The universal Horn theory of relational Kleene algebra with tests is of practical interest, particularly for program semantics, where Horn formulas can be used to verify correctness of programs or compiler optimizations. Unfortunately, this theory is known to be Π\(_{\rm 1}^{\rm 1}\)-complete. However, many formulas arising in practice fall into fragments of the theory that are of lower complexity. In this paper, we see that the location of occurrences of the Kleene asterate operator * within a formula has a great impact on complexity. Using syntactic criteria based on the location of *, we give a fragment of the theory that is Σ\(_{\rm 1}^{\rm 0}\)-complete, and a slightly larger fragment that is Π\(_{\rm 2}^{\rm 0}\)-complete. We show that the same results hold over *-continuous Kleene algebras with tests. The techniques exhibit a relationship between first-order logic and the Horn theories of relational and *-continuous Kleene algebra, even though the theories are not first-order axiomatizable.
Reconsideraciones en torno al español andino

L'A. examine les particularites phonologiques, morphosyntaxiques et semantico-discursives de la langue espagnole parlee dans les Andes. Il retrace d'abord l'origine historique du castillan andin, liee a l'arrivee des espagnols au Perou au 16 e siecle. Il analyse ensuite les differents facteurs qui ont contribue a la modification de la langue et abouti a la langue telle qu'elle est parlee aujourd'hui
Rationality as a Virtue

There seems to be a concept, which can be expressed in philosophical English by the term ‘rationality’, that plays a particularly central role both in epistemology and in ethics. This concept seems especially prominent in the more formal branches of epistemology and decision theory, since it seems to be a central topic for those branches of philosophy to investigate when beliefs and decisions – and events in which we revise or adjust our beliefs and intentions – count as rational. But it is not completely obvious what sort of concept the term ‘rational’ expresses in these contexts.
jGRASP: teaching hard concepts with intuitive visualizations: conference workshop

jGRASP is a lightweight IDE that provides automatic generation of visualizations that directly support the teaching of major concepts in CS1 and CS2. These concepts include control structures, classes, interfaces, objects, inheritance and polymorphism, composition, and data structures. The integrated visualizations are intended to overcome the mismatch between what we want to teach and what most IDEs provide in the way of support for learning. The tutorial/workshop will include tutorials with example programs to demonstrate how instructors can improve the learning and programming experience of their students with jGRASP. Participants are encouraged to bring programs from their own courses. jGRASP is freely available (http://www.jgrasp.org/).
Economic Aspects of Personal Privacy

The advent of low-cost technology for manipulating and communicating information has raised significant concerns about personal privacy. Privacy is a complex issue that can be treated from many perspectives; this chapter provides an overview of some of the economic issues surrounding it.
Cis-9, Trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is Synthesized from Vaccenic Acid in Lactating Women

We studied the incorporation of the trans-11 vaccenic-1-(13)C acid ((13)C-VA) into milk and endogenous synthesis of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in lactating women. Subjects (n = 4) were 247 +/- 30 d postpartum, weighed 70.8 +/- 3.7 kg, breast-fed at least 6 times/d and consumed self-selected diets. After an overnight fast, they consumed the (13)C-VA (2.5 mg/kg body wt). Milk samples were obtained by complete breast expression at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h post-(13)C-VA ingestion. Lipid was extracted using chloroform:methanol. Fatty acids were methylated and converted to dimethyl disulfide and Diels-Alder derivatives before analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The mean (13)C-enrichment of milk VA was 3.1% at 8 h and reached maximal enrichment of 7.6% at 18 h. The (13)C enrichment of milk cis-9, trans-11 CLA reached a maximum of 0.4% at 18 h, confirming its conversion of VA to the Delta9-desaturase enzyme product. In the subjects examined, a portion (<10%) of the cis-9, trans-11 CLA present in milk was endogenously synthesized from VA.
Measles vaccine--one or two doses?

In 1986, in the United States the number of cases of measles increased to 6,273.1,2 This can be viewed with alarm when compared with the average of about 2,000 cases per year thus far in this decade. Or, it can be declared a victory when compared with the number of cases of measles in the era prior to the advent of measles vaccine. During this period, almost every child got measles—approximately 4 million cases a year. In those days, surveillance was less complete and only about½ million cases were actually reported annually (Figure). As part of the program to eradicate measles, each suspected case is now investigated; therefore, the number reported at the present time is probably accurate.
Phenolic Acid-based Poly(anhydride-esters) as Antioxidant Biomaterials

Poly(anhydride-esters) comprised of naturally occurring, non-toxic phenolic acids, namely syringic and vanillic acid, with antioxidant properties were prepared via solution polymerization methods. Polymer and polymer precursor physiochemical properties were characterized, including polymer molecular weight and thermal properties. In vitro release studies illustrated that polymer hydrolytic degradation was influenced by relative hydrophobicity and degree of methoxy substitution of the phenolic acids. Further, the released phenolic acids were found to maintain antioxidant potency relative to free phenolic acid controls as determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Polymer cytotoxicity was assessed with L929 fibroblasts in polymer-containing media; appropriate cell morphology and high fibroblast proliferation were obtained for the polymers at the lower concentrations. These polymers deliver non-cytotoxic levels of naturally occurring antioxidants, which could be efficacious in topical delivery of antioxidant therapies.
ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN RANGE EVALUATION

INTRODUCTION 5 253 PROBLEMS 2.5.. . 255 THE ECOSYSTEM .25 257 CONTINUA WITH MEASURABLE GRADIENTS 20 . 60 AGGREGATION AND COMMUNITY 2 6. .3.... 263 STRATIFICATION AND PERIODICITY ...... .... 265 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION AND CLIMAX .... .... 265 RUDIMENTS OF APPLICATION . 267 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........ 268 LITERATURE CITED . 270