cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydraulics in the era of exponentially growing computing power

ABSTRACTRecent advances in computational algorithms coupled with exponentially growing computing power pave the way for developing a powerful simulation-based engineering science framework for tackling a broad range of hydraulic engineering flows. Multi-physics simulations taking into account complex waterway bathymetry, energetic coherent structures, turbulence/sediment interactions and morphodynamics, free-surface effects and flow structure interaction phenomena are now well within reach and are beginning to impact engineering practice. I review such progress and offer specific examples highlighting the enormous potential of simulation-based engineering science to supplement and dramatically augment the insights that can be gained from physical experiments. I discuss major computational challenges that lie ahead but also underscore the enormous opportunities to take advantage of advanced algorithms, powerful supercomputers and big data to tackle societal challenges in restoration of aquatic environments...
Accelerated molecular dynamics through stochastic iterations and collective variable based basin identification

We present a method called SISYPHUS (stochastic iterations to strengthen yield of path hopping over upper states) for extending accessible time scales in atomistic simulations. The method proceeds by separating phase space into basins and transition regions between the basins based on a general collective variable (CV) criterion. The transition regions are treated via traditional molecular dynamics (MD) while Monte Carlo (MC) methods are used to (i) estimate the expected time spent in each basin and (ii) thermalize the system between two MD episodes. In particular, an efficient adiabatic switching based scheme is used to estimate the time spent inside the basins. The method offers various advantages over existing approaches in terms of (i) providing an accurate real time scale, (ii) avoiding reliance on harmonic transition state theory, and (iii) avoiding the need to enumerate all possible transition events. Applications of SISYPHUS to low-temperature vacancy diffusion in bcc Ta and adatom island ripening in fcc Al are presented. A CV appropriate for such condensed phases, especially for transitions involving collective motions of several atoms, is also introduced.
Zeida de nulle part de Leïla Houari: l'écriture de l'entre‐deux

(2001). Zeida de nulle part de Leila Houari: l'ecriture de l'entre‐deux. Arabic & Middle Eastern Literature: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 43-52.
Hierarchical Bayes estimation of hunting success rates

Although most post-season harvest surveys are conducted at the state level, the effective management of wildlife populations often requires estimates of hunting success rate, hunting pressure and harvest at the sub-area (such as management unit, regional, or county) level.Sample sizes for some sub-areas are often very small or even zero. Because of small sample sizes, estimates for small sub-areas often yield unacceptably large standard errors. In this article, a hierarchical Bayes model is used to estimate hunting success rates at the sub-area level from post-season harvest surveys. The computation is done by Gibbs sampling and adaptive rejection sampling techniques. The method is illustrated using data from the Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey 1994 Spring Season. The Bayesian estimates are close to the frequency estimates for the sub-areas with large sample sizes and more stable than the frequency estimates for those with small sample sizes. The Bayesian estimates will be more useful to wildlife biologists in estab-lishing hunting regulation on small sub-areas at no additional survey cost.
Impact of negative feedback in metabolic noise propagation

Synthetic biology combines different branches of biology and engineering aimed at designing synthetic biological circuits able to replicate emergent properties useful for the biotechnology industry, human health and environment. The role of negative feedback in noise propagation for a basic enzymatic reaction scheme is investigated. Two feedback control schemes on enzyme expression are considered: one from the final product of the pathway activity, the other from the enzyme accumulation. Both schemes are designed to provide the same steady-state average values of the involved players, in order to evaluate the feedback performances according to the same working mode. Computations are carried out numerically and analytically, the latter allowing to infer information on which model parameter setting leads to a more efficient noise attenuation, according to the chosen scheme. In addition to highlighting the role of the feedback in providing a substantial noise reduction, our investigation concludes that the effect of feedback is enhanced by increasing the promoter sensitivity for both schemes. A further interesting biological insight is that an increase in the promoter sensitivity provides more benefits to the feedback from the product with respect to the feedback from the enzyme, in terms of enlarging the parameter design space.
TOWARD INTEGRATED COGNITIVE SYSTEMS, WHICH MUST MAKE FUZZY DECISIONS ABOUT FUZZY PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary When the separate cognitive processes of perception, thinking, remembering, language understanding, acting, and learning are integrated into a single system, various fuzzy problems inevitably arise. This chapter discusses a computer-programmed system called SEER that attempts to handle the various cognitive functions in as simple and integrated a way as possible. SEERs are memory networks that model their world (including themselves) in a usable fashion. They structure transforms into several major sub-systems for (1) perceptual recognition, (2) thinking, including both deduction and association, and (3) generation of actions-sequences. Several successively more powerful SEERs have been coded. The chapter presents an overview of the SEER-2 program and its flow of processes.
The Anatomy of the Skin and Fascial Layers of the Face in Aesthetic Surgery

The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) has been described as a discrete fascial layer that divides the subcutaneous fat into two distinct layers. The authors discuss the anatomic significance of this system in facial aesthetic surgery.
Fetal bradycardia associated with maternal hypothermia after fetoscopic repair of neural tube defect.

One of the most serious complications encountered during fetal surgery is fetal bradycardia, which may result in premature delivery or abandonment of the intervention. We report in this article two cases of fetal bradycardia encountered during and after fetoscopic repair of a myelomeningocele (MMC). Both cases elected to undergo experimental fetoscopic repair of MMC using the technique previously described by our group1.
Applications of global optimization and dynamical systems to prediction of epileptic seizures

Seizure occurrences seem to be random and unpredictable. However, recent studies in epileptic patients suggest that seizures are deterministic rather than random. There is growing evidence that seizures develop minutes to hours before clinical onset. Our previous studies have shown that quantitative analysis based on chaos theory of long-term intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings may enable us to observe the seizure's development in advance before clinical onset. The period of seizure's development is called a preictal transition period, which is characterized by gradual dynamical changes in EEG signals of critical electrode sites from asymptomatic interictal state to seizure. Techniques used to detect a preictal transition include statistical analysis of EEG signals, optimization techniques, and nonlinear dynamics. In this paper, we herein present optimization techniques, specifically multi-quadratic 0-1 programming, for the selection of the cortical sites that are involved with seizure's development during the preictal transition period. The results of this study can be used as a criterion to preselect the critical electrode sites that can be used to predict epileptic seizures.
Children, apprenticeship and pedagogy: Domestic crafting and obsidian core production at the Zaragoza-Oyameles source area in Puebla, Mexico

Abstract The role of novices, which often are children, in domestic craft production and the replication of crafting knowledge is a topic that is often ignored in archaeological discussions of domestic economies. However, ethnographic and ethnohistoric examples repeatedly indicate that children played a number of roles in household economies. The presence of novice obsidian core production was identified in a domestic habitation context at the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area in eastern Puebla, Mexico. Miniaturized polyhedral cores were found along side standard-sized macrocores and polyhedral cores, and all stages of core reduction debitage at a large, domestic core manufacturing site. This, coupled with evidence from experimental core replication and ethnographic examples, suggests that these miniature cores represent the detritus of craft learning. The presence of domestic core production and the role of craft learning are then contextualized within the regional economy centered on the nearby city of Cantona.
An Anion−π Interaction Strongly Stabilizes the β-Sheet Protein WW

Anions have long been known to engage in stabilizing interactions with electron-deficient arenes. However, the precise nature and energetic contribution of anion−π interactions to protein stability remains a subject of debate. Here, we show that placing a negatively charged Asp in close proximity to electron-rich Phe in a reverse turn within the WW domain results in a favorable interaction that increases WW conformational stability by −1.3 kcal/mol.
EMERGING DISCOURSE INCUBATOR: Cross-Sector Relations in Global Supply Chains: A Social Capital Perspective

Virtually unheard of 30Â years ago, collaborations involving environmental NGOs and businesses are now common and are increasingly being used to address sustainability issues in supply chains. We argue that a supply chain perspective is instrumental for collaborative NGOs in helping them to understand environmental impacts, interorganizational dynamics, and optimal collaborative partners and tactics. We apply a framework that integrates three predominant social capital theories to crossâ€ sector partnerships to explain how three dimensions of social capital, individually and in interaction, may create strategic value for NGOs who seek to improve the environmental performance of companies through collaboration. Finally, we survey the nature of the progress that has (and has not) been made through crossâ€ sector partnerships and offer suggestions for how social capital may be deployed to accelerate change.
Influence of non-stoichiometric ordering on the electrostriction coefficient of lead magnesium niobate lead titanate compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary

The effect of non-stoichiometric ordering on the electrostriction of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) compositions (65/35) close to morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) has been studied using electrically induced strain and polarization methods. La was substituted (1 to 10 at %) on the A-site to control the degree of B-site cation ordering. The charge imbalance due to La3+ was compensated by two different mechanisms: (1) creation of B-site vacancies, and (2) changing the B-site cation ratio. Electrostriction coefficient measurements revealed dependencies on the degree of non-stoichiometric ordering and the charge compensation mechanism. A high value of the electrostriction coefficient was found to be accompanied by larger electrically-induced strains and smaller polarizations. In addition, the temperature dependence of the electrostriction coefficient was studied.
Identification of viridans streptococci by three commercial systems

The API 20S (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY), the GPI card (Vitek Systems, St. Louis, MO) and the RapSTR system (Innovative Diagnostics, Atlanta, GA) were compared with conventional biochemicals for the identification of viridans streptococci. One hundred nine clinical isolates were tested that included the following species: intermedius (38) sanguis II (20), bovis (variant) (14), mitis (14), salivarius (11), sanguis I (6), constellatus (3), mutans (2), and uberis (1). With initial testing, a correct species call was made with 72% of the isolates with the GPI card, 62% with the RapSTR, and 50% with the API 20S. Identifications of viridans streptococci group or those that needed additional biochemicals for species identification occurred with 28% of isolates with the API 20S, 8% with the RapSTR, and 9% with the GPI card. Incorrect identifications occurred with 6% of the isolates tested by the GPI card, 20% with the API 20S, and 30% with the RapSTR. Most discrepancies with the RapSTR were with 66% of the intermedius isolates, whereas most, 55%, of misidentifications with the API 20S were with sanguis II isolates. No identifications were made with 2% and 13% of isolates with the API 20S and GPI, respectively.
Developmental Analysis of Neurotransmitter Systems in Rabbit Retina

The efficacy of chemical transmission is dependent upon a number of transmitter-specific processes associated with both pre and post-synaptic compartments of the synapse. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the presynaptic compartment of the neuron and maintained in a metabolically protected storage site which can subsequently be made available for release in response to incoming stimuli. Appropriate postsynaptic receptors for each specific transmitter are synthesized by the postsynaptic neuron and maintained in high density at synapses according to the nature of transmitter used at that particular synapse. Degradative enzymes and uptake systems are present in cellular elements surrounding the synapse in order to clear the synaptic cleft of released transmitter, and to replenish pre-synaptic transmitter pools. How this complex set of transmitter-specific processes is established during development is a basic and intriguing question.
Abstract 4683: Distinct subsets of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells underlie response to checkpoint blockade

T-cell exhaustion is a heterogeneous state, with recent work in chronic viral infections revealing at least two subtypes with different functional properties: "stem-like" and "terminal" exhausted cells. Whether these two populations exist in tumors and have different roles to control tumor growth remains unknown. We performed single-cell RNA-seq on exhausted CD8+ T cells from chronic virally infected mice, generating unique transcriptional signatures of both exhausted populations. By transcriptional enrichment and flow cytometry, we discovered both the stem-like and terminal exhausted populations in the B16 mouse melanoma model and confirmed their presence in human melanoma samples with multiplex immunofluorescence. ATAC-seq revealed that these two subpopulations are defined by state-specific changes in chromatin accessibility. These states are shared between exhausted CD8+ T cells from both viral and tumor models, demonstrating a common epigenetic program of T-cell dysfunction. The two populations have different functional properties, with the stem-like cells having a more polyfunctional cytokine response whereas terminal cells are more cytotoxic. When transferred into new tumor-bearing mice, stem-like cells were better able to control tumor growth, suggesting superior long-term functionality. Checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 is known to increase CD8+ T cell numbers in the tumor microenvironment, but it is not known which subpopulation responds to therapy. Treatment with anti-PD-1 antibody resulted in proliferation of the stem-like population, which differentiate into the more cytotoxic terminal exhausted cells. We have shown that two subpopulations of exhausted CD8+ T cells exist in mouse and human tumors, and anti-PD-1 therapy activates the stem-like CD8+ T cells to promote tumor control. Citation Format: Brian C. Miller, Debattama R. Sen, Rose Al-Abosy, Kevin Bi, Kathleen B. Yates, Evisa Gjini, Kristen Felt, Robert T. Manguso, Scott J. Rodig, Arlene H. Sharpe, Nicholas Haining. Distinct subsets of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells underlie response to checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4683.
Fish and seagrass communities vary across a marine reserve boundary, but seasonal variation in small fish abundance overshadows top-down effects of large consumer exclosures

Abstract A growing number of examples indicate that large predators can alter seagrass ecosystem structure and processes via top-down trophic interactions. However, the nature and strength of those interactions varies with biogeographic context, emphasizing the need for region-specific investigations. We investigated spatial and temporal variation in predatory fish and seagrass communities across a Marine Protected Area (MPA) boundary in the Banana River Lagoon, Florida (USA), assessing trophic roles of intermediate consumers, and performing a large-consumer exclusion experiment in the MPA. Large, predatory fishes were most abundant within the MPA, while some mid-sized fishes were more abundant outside it. Small, seagrass-resident fishes, epifaunal invertebrates, and macrophytes also differed across the MPA boundary, but varied more among individual sites and seasonally. We cannot conclusively attribute these patterns to MPA status because we lack data from prior to MPA establishment and lack study replication at the level of MPA. Nevertheless, other patterns among our data are consistent with hypothesized mechanisms of top-down control. E.g., inverse seasonal patterns in the abundance of organisms at adjacent trophic levels, coupled with stable C and N isotope and gut contents data, suggest top-down control of crustacean grazers by seasonal recruitment of small fishes. Large-consumer exclosures in the MPA increased the abundance of mid-sized predatory and omnivorous fishes, but had few impacts on lower trophic levels. Results suggest that large-scale variation in large, predatory fish abundance in this system does not strongly affect seagrass-resident fish, invertebrate, and algal communities, which appear to be driven more by habitat structure and seasonal variation in small fish abundance.
Curriculum against the state: Sylvia Wynter, the human, and futures of curriculum studies

At stake in contemporary US racial tensions is a struggle over the meaning of being “human.” By drawing on black feminist theories of being human as verb, and minority discourse critiques of humani...
Dupilumab in patients with chronic hepatitis B on concomitant entecavir.

Biologics such as dupilumab are a highly efficacious and relatively safe treatment option for patients with recalcitrant immune-mediated disease; however, because of their modulation of the immune system, biologics have been associated with severe infections, including reactivation of latent hepatitis B virus (HBV).1, 2, 3 As a result of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with active HBV, physicians are often reluctant to prescribe biologics in patients with chronic HBV infection. Dupilumab is the first biologic therapy approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD).4 We present 2 cases of patients with AD and chronic HBV treated with dupilumab while receiving concomitant therapy for HBV.
Hydatid Cyst in the Lumbar Paravertebral Muscle: A Case Report.

A hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by the worm Echinococcus granulosus. In endemic regions, it is a well-known differential diagnosis of cystic lesions, especially in the liver, lungs, brain, and vertebral column. Primary paravertebral muscle involvement, however, is rarely reported. In the current report, we present the case of an 11-year-old girl complaining of back pain with a well-defined single cystic lesion in her lumbar paravertebral multifidus muscle evident in imaging studies. The patient had no concomitant lesion in her systemic evaluation. The cyst was resected totally with its daughter cysts, and the pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. Although the paravertebral muscle is an extremely rare site of infection for a hydatid cyst, it should be kept in mind in mass lesions with a cystic nature.
Experimentally-Determined Strengths of Atom-Atom (C, N, O) Interactions Responsible for Protein Self-Assembly in Water: Applications to Folding and Other Protein Processes

Folding and other protein self-assembly processes are driven by favorable interactions between O, N, and C unified atoms of the polypeptide backbone and sidechains. These processes are perturbed by solutes that interact with these atoms differently than water does. C=O · · · HN hydrogen bonding and various π-system interactions have been better-characterized structurally or by simulations than experimentally in water, and unfavorable interactions are relatively uncharacterized. To address this situation, we previously quantified interactions of alkylureas with amide and aromatic compounds, relative to interactions with water. Analysis yielded strengths of interaction of each alkylurea with unit areas of different hybridization states of unified O, N, C atoms of amide and aromatic compounds. Here, by osmometry, we quantify interactions of ten pairs of amides selected to complete this dataset. A novel analysis yields intrinsic strengths of six favorable and four unfavorable atom-atom interactions, expressed per unit area of each atom and relative to interactions with water. The most favorable interactions are sp2O - sp2C (lone pair-π, presumably n-π*), sp2C - sp2C (π-π and/or hydrophobic), sp2O-sp2N (hydrogen bonding) and sp3C-sp2C (CH-π and/or hydrophobic). Interactions of sp3C with itself (hydrophobic) and with sp2N are modestly favorable, while sp2N interactions with sp2N and with amide/aromatic sp2C are modestly unfavorable. Amide sp2O-sp2O interactions and sp2O-sp3C interactions are more unfavorable, indicating the preference of amide sp2O to interact with water. These intrinsic interaction strengths are used to predict interactions of amides with proteins and chemical effects of amides (including urea, N-ethylpyrrolidone (NEP), and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)) on protein stability.
A Flow Cytometric Study of Reagent Cells to Resolve ABO Typing Discrepancy

OBJECTIVES RBC alloantibodies can lead to ABO grouping discrepancies unrelated to A or B antigens or antibodies posing challenges in the blood bank testing. Routine blood bank testing and flow cytometry were used to immunophenotype reagent cells and elucidate the cause of ABO discrepancies in two patients. METHODS ABO discrepancy was identified in two patients after transfusion with several units of RBCs. For both patients, the pretransfusion type and screen demonstrated blood group A. Eight and 16 days later, both patients showed an apparent antibody to reagent group A cells, which prompted additional study with patients' samples and flow cytometric testing of commercial reagent cells. RESULTS In both patients' specimens, posttransfusion evaluation demonstrated an emerging antibody to the Kell antigen (K). The RBCs of both patients typed negative for K, and both were transfused with K-positive RBCs. Flow cytometric analysis of reagent RBCs demonstrated that five of seven lot numbers were positive for K. CONCLUSIONS Emerging anti-K antibody led to agglutination of the K-positive reagent A1 cells, highlighting the importance of considering RBC alloantibodies and the composition of reagent cells when interpreting cases with an apparent ABO grouping discrepancy.
Supporting Reserve Component Youth during Deployments: The Project Youth Extension Service Model

Military families face unique challenges, especially during times of deployment. Children and youth face particular stressors during deployment and benefit from formal and informal resources as the...
Abstract 15379: A Novel Acoustic Biomarker of Quality of Life in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients

Introduction: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients experience variable improvements in quality of life (QoL). Methods for optimizing LVAD support to improve QoL are needed. Hypothesis: ...
Cortico-Cortical Feedback in Mouse S1 Regulates Motor Coordination Via Inhibitory Interneurons

The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is important for the control of movement as it encodes sensory input from the body periphery and external environment during ongoing movements. Mouse S1 consists of several distinct sensorimotor subnetworks that receive topographically organized cortico-cortical inputs from distant sensorimotor areas, including the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and primary motor cortex (M1). The role of the vibrissal S1 area and associated cortical connections during active sensing is well documented, but whether (and if so, how) non-whisker S1 areas are involved in movement control remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that unilateral silencing of the non-whisker S1 area disrupts the balance of hindlimb movements during locomotion. S2 and M1 provide major feedback input to this S1 area, and they both synapse onto parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons in M1. Ablating parvalbumin interneurons in S1 or specifically silencing S2 feedback projections impairs motor coordination. We conclude that the S2–S1 cortical interaction mediated by parvalbumin interneurons is critical for the control of movement.
Insisting upon Meaningful Results from Adsorption Experiments

A rigorous approach to adsorption studies is advocated in this review article as a means to improving the experience of researchers and improving the practical value of published work in the field....
Online Reputations: Comparing Hospital- and Patient-Generated Ratings in Academic Otolaryngology.

Objectives:This study compares hospital-generated online ratings to patient-generated online ratings in academic otolaryngology and evaluates physician factors influencing these results.Methods:Web...
Making Sentences Make Sense, or Words to that Effect

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a chunk of an ongoing research program. The theoretical framework guided and informed the research that developed a solution to a fundamental problem of cognitive psychology. The problem is to make models perform interesting cognition without being overly sensitive to perturbations in the input. To achieve this goal, depends there are two basic design principles: robustness requires compensatory integration and complex computation requires structural diversity. The classic form of continuous integration is addition. FuzzyProp allows (1) that the fundamental or primitive concepts/features are fuzzy predicates that may hold more or less in a given situation and (2) that the connective operators are also fuzzy in that they preserve the fuzziness introduced by the primitives.
Research on the Financial Information Grid

An Information Grid uses grid technologies to achieve the sharing, management, and service providing of information resources. In this article, the demand for grid technology by the financial industry is analyzed and the architecture of a financial information grid is proposed.
Limits to Nuptial Gift Production by Male Fireflies, Photinus ignitus

Males of diverse insect species provide females with nuptial gifts, and limits on males' ability to produce these gifts may influence courtship behavior and mating systems. In the firefly Photinus ignitus, males transfer a complex spermatophore to females during mating. We provided firefly males unlimited access to responsive females to examine whether spermatophore production limits male mating success. Male spermatophore mass decreased significantly across sequential matings, and the percentage of successful matings declined during the second half of each male's life span. Male body mass explained a significant proportion of variation in size of the first spermatophore produced by P. ignitus males, but this relationship disappeared with second spermatophores. This study indicates that males' ability to produce spermatophores declines over their lifetime and that limits on nuptial giftproduction can constrain male mating success in Photinus fireflies.
Spatiotemporal Inseparability of Natural Images and Visual Sensitivities

The visual system is concerned with the perception of objects in a dynamic world. A significant fact about natural time-varying images is that they do not change randomly over space-time; instead image intensities at different times and/or spatial positions are highly correlated. We measured the spatiotemporal correlation function — equivalently the power spectrum — of natural images and we find that it is non-separable, i.e., coupled in space and time, and exhibits a very interesting scaling behaviour. This behaviour is shown to be related to the motion in the images and the power spectrum is naturally separable into a spatial term and a velocity term. The same kind of spatiotemporal coupling and scaling exists in visual sensitivity measured in physiological and psychophysical experiments. By assuming that the visual system is optimized to process information of natural images, a quantitative relationship can be derived between the power spectrum of natural images and the visual sensitivity. This reveals some interesting aspects of motion vision.
Body-technology interfaces

Our interactions with personal electronic devices provoke a broad range of emotional states from frustration to confusion to feverish obsession. Increasingly, these devices mediate our everyday work activities, our social network development and our personal communications. In this paper, we propose a participatory installation that aims to bring critical awareness and consideration to the complex relationship between people and their technological artifacts. Based on participant interview data, we will create Body-Technology Interfaces' in the form of hand-knitted custom wrappers for personal electronic devices. Each BTI will reflect salient interaction behaviors between the participant and their chosen device. Analyzed participant interview data, BTI designs and overall participant response to the project will be documented and shared online.
The Combinatorics of Differentiation

Let S 1 , S 2 , ... be a sequence of finite sets, and suppose we are asked to find the sequence of cardinalities s[1], s[2], .... We are usually satisfied to find a closed-form expression for the a-generating function $F_S(z) = \sum_{n \geq 0} s[n]a[n] { z^n}$, where a[n] is a fixed positive causal sequence. But extracting s[n] from F S (z) is often itself a challenging problem, because of the unnavoidable link to calculus $s[n] ={a[n] \over n!} D^n[F(z)]_{z=0}$. In this paper we will consider the case a[n] = 1/n!, (exponential generating functions), and find many links between combinatorics and calculus.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Assay for Replication Origin Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization on nitrocellulose filters can be used to assay for replication origin DNA from Escherichia coli if the DNA attached to the filters is enriched for the replication origin sequences. Such DNA can be readily isolated from very rapidly growing cells. When low amounts of this DNA were attached to filters, radioactively labeled DNA from the replication origin hybridized 1.7 times as well as radioactive replication terminus DNA. Under identical conditions, radioactively labeled DNA from exponentially growing cells hybridized only 1.3 times as well as radioactive replication terminus DNA. The replication origin, replication terminus, and randomly labeled DNA hybridized with similar efficiencies to filters containing DNA isolated from cells incubated in the absence of required amino acids. This DNA appeared to have all sequences present at equal frequencies. The hybridization assay was used to demonstrate that the DNA synthesized shortly after the addition of amino acids to cells previously deprived of required amino acids was primarily from the replication origin and then rapidly became similar to DNA synthesized by exponentially growing cells.
Autoantibodies to GPI in rheumatoid arthritis: linkage between an animal model and human disease

In K/BxN T cell receptor-transgenic mice, spontaneous inflammatory arthritis exhibiting many of the features of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is initiated by T cells, but is almost entirely sustained by antibodies to the self-antigen glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). The relevance of these observations to human disease has been questioned. Here we show that 64% of humans with RA, but not controls, had increased concentrations of anti-GPI immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and synovial fluid. In addition, the concentrations of soluble GPI in the sera and synovial fluids of RA patients were also elevated, which led to immune complex formation. Using phage-display methods, we cloned a panel of specific high-affinity human monoclonal anti-GPI IgGs from a patient with RA. These antibodies were highly somatically mutated, which was indicative of an affinity-matured response that was antigen driven. Immunohistochemistry of RA synovium showed high concentrations of GPI on the surface of the synovial lining and on the endothelial cell surface of arterioles; this indicated a mechanism by which antibodies to GPI may precipitate joint disease. The results indicate that the immunological events that lead to the development of autoimmune disease in the K/BxN mouse model may also occur in human RA. This data may be used to develop new strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Reactions of vitamin E with ozone.

Publisher Summary Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) protects tissues against oxidative damage by ozone, which is a major component of smog and a powerful oxidant. In the lung, α-tocopherol is present both in pulmonary epithelial cell membranes and, together with water-soluble antioxidants, in the lung-lining fluid layer. Ozone produces deleterious effects both by direct oxidation of biomolecules and by reactions with lipids that yield hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes, and free radicals. α-Tocopherol may provide antioxidant protection by reactions with ozone itself and with radicals formed subsequent to ozonation of lipids. Much is known about the fate of α-tocopherol in reactions with peroxyl radicals. Current understanding of the reactions of α-tocopherol with ozone is considered in this chapter. Ozone reacts rapidly with α-tocopherol in aqueous micelles and in organic solvents. Detection of the tocopheroxyl radical by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy during the ozonation of α-tocopherol in carbon tetrachloride suggested that the reaction proceeds in part by electron transfer. α-Tocopherolquinone was identified as a stable end product of the oxidation.
Pediatricians' relation to for-profit corporations.

Of all the forms of deception, self-deception is both the most ubiquitous and the most resistant to detection and correction. When sanctioned and legitimated by professional groups, Dr Margolis 1 argues, self-deception is all the more pernicious and dangerous. Most important, he asserts that the collective belief that physician behavior is not influenced by gift-giving pharmaceutical companies is an abandonment of the fiduciary responsibility of the physician and an ethical violation of the first order. Dr Margolis describes in excellent fashion how that abandonment violates fundamental ethical principles of nonmaleficence, fidelity, and justice. He also suggests that the pursuit of the self-deception threatens the very autonomy which physicians cherish as the bedrock of their professional identity.
Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteriophages and Other Vibrio Bacteriophages in Marine Samples

Vibrio bacteriophages were isolated by enrichment from 177 of 643 samples of marine molluscan shellfish, crustaceans, seawater, and sediments. The predominant bacteriophage types isolated were specific for some strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A high frequency of phage isolations was also observed with strains of agar-digesting vibrios (21 of 56) and psychrophilic vibrios (14 of 72) that were originally isolated from non-shellfish growing areas. No bacteriophages were isolated against V. alginolyticus and only rarely for V. anguillarum even though these were the two most abundant species found in near-shore environments. No V. cholerae phages were isolated. It was also determined from quantitative studies on the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) obtained from two environments in Washington and Oregon that the titers of V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages increased with increasing seasonal water temperatures and that this was proportional to the increase in numbers of mesophilic vibrios and not with the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus. Titers of V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages occasionally exceeded 106 per g of oyster during the summer months. Specific V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages were also isolated from market seafoods and other marine samples that originated in cold environments where no mesophilic vibrios are expected to be found. The possibility that V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages originate from Vibrio spp. other than V. parahaemolyticus and the role of these bacteriophages in the ecology of marine vibrios are discussed.
Polymer-mediated nanorod self-assembly predicted by dissipative particle dynamics simulations

Self-assembly of nanoparticles in polymer matrices is an interesting and growing subject in the field of nanoscience and technology. We report herein on modelling studies of the self-assembly and phase behavior of nanorods in a homopolymer matrix, with the specific goal of evaluating the role of deterministic entropic and enthalpic factors that control the aggregation/dispersion in such systems. Grafting polymer brushes from the nanorods is one approach to control/impact their self-assembly capabilities within a polymer matrix. From an energetic point of view, miscible interactions between the brush and the matrix are required for achieving a better dispersibility; however, grafting density and brush length are the two important parameters in dictating the morphology. Unlike in previous computational studies, the present Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulation framework is able to both predict dispersion or aggregation of nanorods and determine the self-assembled structure, allowing for the determination of a phase diagram, which takes all of these factors into account. Three types of morphologies are predicted: dispersion, aggregation and partial aggregation. Moreover, favorable enthalpic interactions between the brush and the matrix are found to be essential for expanding the window for achieving a well-dispersed morphology. A three-dimensional phase diagram is mapped on which all the afore-mentioned parameters are taken into account. Additionally, in the case of immiscibility between brushes and the matrix, simulations predict the formation of some new and tunable structures.
An Surplus Asset Management Model for Environmental Impact Analysis of EOL Electronic Products

With increasing environmental regulations and waste management costs, environmentally conscious design and manufacturing (ECDM) and surplus asset recovery are becoming a more attractive approach to solve environmental problems. Any company that owns a collection of PCs, printers and other electronic accessories probably needs to manage these assets more effectively, but currently there is a lack of tools for effective management. Therefore, this paper discusses, from the viewpoint of an enterprise dealing with end-of-life electronic products, the recycling processes according to literature, and derives an integrated model on surplus asset management and environmental impact analysis. The primary objective of the model is to develop a certain tool for managing surplus asset within a corporate office and generate a decision making tool for those who are concerned with the environmental issues in the design or recycling phase. Based on this model, a prototype system is introduced in detail in this paper.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Technical efficiency of carp pond culture in peninsula Malaysia: an application of stochastic production frontier and technical inefficiency model

Carp pond culture is an important contributor to the aquaculture industry in Peninsula Malaysia. However, carp production has decreased since the advent of new aquaculture development policies, and carp pond farms are concerned with improving productivity to sustain growing fish demand while staying profitable. In this paper, stochastic production frontier analysis is conducted in conjunction with a technical inefficiency model to examine the productive performance and its determinants in carp pond culture in Peninsula Malaysia. The mean technical efficiency for sample carp farms is estimated to be 42%, indicating a great potential for increasing carp production in Peninsula Malaysia through improved efficiency. Seed ratio has a significant effect on fish production; therefore, the proper choice of species composition is important to improving productivity in carp polyculture. Because the intensive/semi-intensive system is found to be technically more efficient than the extensive system, efforts should be made to promote the intensive/semi-intensive carp culture.
A Study of the Effects of Aging on Parathormone Induced Osteoclastogenesis in the Mouse1

The effects of aging on the ability of parathormone (PTH) to induce osteoclastogenesis in the femora of mice was investigated. Seventy BNL short-lived mice ranging in age from 5 to 104 weeks were used and divided in 5 age groups. Fifty-two mice were Injected i.p. with 5U/gm body weight and sacrificed every 6 hours for 24 hours. Both femora were fixed, decalcified and routinely prepared histologically. All osteoclasts observed at the distal metaphyseal region were microscopically counted, as well as their nuclei. Cell size was also measured. The results showed that the ability of PTH to induce osteoclastogenesis is not lost with age, but is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the tissue response is prolonged with age from 12 to 24 hours. The earlier reports in the literature that osteoclasts originate from fusion of osteogenic cell precursors was supported by the present study. This does not eliminate the fact that alternative origins may also be possible. Observed morphological differences in osteoclasts are most probably functionally related, with loss of function due to aging not being ruled out.
Postmortem imaging in congenital heart disease: preliminary experience.

BackgroundDespite the importance of the autopsy for quality improvement, autopsy rates have declined dramatically in recent decades due to poor acceptance by families and physicians and high costs ...
Evolution and Secular Humanism

anti-evolutionism, it is necessary to uncover the moral meanings invested in the term Secular Humanism, and then to see how evolution is thought to be articulated with those meanings. This paper addresses those problems by recounting the history of the fundamentalist idea of Secular Humanism; by describing the substantive content of that idea; and, by explaining how evolutionary thought is believed to be articulated with Secular Humanism. Modem American fundamentalism has made the creation-evolution controversy a moral issue by linking the idea of evolution to an idea called Secular Humanism. That connection animates contemporary anti-evolutionary thought by giving fundamentalist Christians a reason to believe that evolution is somehow involved in a long list of everything they consider immoral, from abortion to Zen. To appreciate the ideological basis of contemporary anti-evolutionism, it is necessary to understand that fundamentalist Christians explain moral decay in modem America by positing an evil conspiracy named Secular Humanism. Creationist thought, as a product of fundamentalism, is then an exercise in applying that moral critique and conspiracy theory to the ontological issue of origins, by alleging that belief in evolution is part of the Secular Humanist conspiracy. The plan of this paper is to explore creationist beliefs about evolution and Secular Humanism in two parts. Part I recounts the history of
Left Internal Thoracic Artery Graft Occlusion Following Mediastinal Radiation Therapy

Premature coronary artery disease is a late consequence of mediastinal radiation therapy. Many of these patients have been successfully treated with coronary bypass surgery. A 51-year-old man underwent bypass surgery for severe multivessel coronary disease 18 years following radiation therapy for a posterior mediastinal tumor. Recurrent angina 1 year later occurred following closure of the left internal thoracic artery graft. We suspect that this occurred as a consequence of injury sustained during mediastinal irradiation. Patients who have undergone prior mediastinal radiation therapy may not be assured the excellent long-term patency of the internal thoracic artery graft which has been reported for the general population. Saphenous vein grafts probably should be considered instead.
A Case of Functional Urinary Retention: The Use of Family Play Therapy

This case presents a technique for doing family therapy in families with young children. In family play therapy, the entire family plays together, allowing full participation of even the youngest children in the therapeutic process. Standard family therapy interventions in the latter part of each session make use of family interaction patterns and unconscious processes revealed during the earlier play. In the case presented here, the technique was successfully applied to a family with a 3-year-old son who had functional urinary retention. This case also provided an opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration between the separate Child and Family Services at a major teaching hospital.
Classification Validities of a Statewide 10th Grade Test Program

If statewide test norms are useful in student counseling, state testing programs could provide predictions for individual students as a service to local schools. Since the choice of a high school curriculum is a major problem on which youth seeks guidance, the predictive validity of a statewide test battery, using state norms, is explored with curriculum choice as the criterion, and is compared with the validity of the same tests for the same criterion, but using local norms. The separation in state norms of career-goals groups and of the sexes is also explored. Results achieved are positive enough to encourage widespread and energetic application of the methods by state testing officers, and to imply their responsibility to make classification probabilities available to their customers.
Betrayal in teaching: Persuasion in Kierkegaard, theory and performance

This paper explores the relationship between Kierkegaard's theory of “indirect communication,” his employment of that method in the pseudonymous literature, and his explicit comments on the Teacher in Philosophical Fragments. My interest is principally in a pedagogical method able to serve as a solution to the problem of will formation, and so my assessment of Kierkegaard's theory and performance is essentially ethical in nature. I argue that there is at least an ambiguity, if not a contradiction, to be found in the above relationship and that as a result, in its current form, Kierkegaardean pedagogical devices do not appear to be able to offer an adequate solution.
Neutron slowing and thermalization in atomic hydrogen gas

Abstract The neutron spectrum resulting from a monoenergetic source in an infinite medium, composed of atomic hydrogen gas and a 1/v absorber, is evaluated by series methods applied to integral and differential equations. The properties of the series that make up a fundamental set of solutions are examined. The classic analysis of Wigner and Wilkins is extended by determining the Green's function for thermalization, a new interpretation is provided for the relationship of asymptotic and small argument series, and calculations are reported for a variety of physical situations.