cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kainic Acid-Induced Auditory Nerve Damage on Envelope-Following Responses in the Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Sensorineural hearing loss is a prevalent problem that adversely impacts quality of life by compromising interpersonal communication. While hair cell damage is readily detectable with the clinical audiogram, this traditional diagnostic tool appears inadequate to detect lost afferent connections between inner hair cells and auditory nerve (AN) fibers, known as cochlear synaptopathy. The envelope-following response (EFR) is a scalp-recorded response to amplitude modulation, a critical acoustic feature of speech. Because EFRs can have greater amplitude than wave I of the auditory brainstem response (ABR; i.e., the AN-generated component) in humans, the EFR may provide a more sensitive way to detect cochlear synaptopathy. We explored the effects of kainate- (kainic acid) induced excitotoxic AN injury on EFRs and ABRs in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parakeet species used in studies of complex sound discrimination. Kainate reduced ABR wave I by 65–75 % across animals while leaving otoacoustic emissions unaffected or mildly enhanced, consistent with substantial and selective AN synaptic loss. Compared to wave I loss, EFRs showed similar or greater percent reduction following kainate for amplitude-modulation frequencies from 380 to 940 Hz and slightly less reduction from 80 to 120 Hz. In contrast, forebrain-generated middle latency responses showed no consistent change post-kainate, potentially due to elevated “central gain” in the time period following AN damage. EFR reduction in all modulation frequency ranges was highly correlated with wave I reduction, though within-animal effect sizes were greater for higher modulation frequencies. These results suggest that even low-frequency EFRs generated primarily by central auditory nuclei might provide a useful noninvasive tool for detecting synaptic injury clinically.
A Blue Step Forward: An Exploratory Study of Law Enforcement Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence in the Southern United States:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive issue that is underreported to law enforcement. One reason why individuals do not report their victimization stems from a perceived lack of support from law enforcement officials. However, law enforcement perceptions of IPV are largely unknown as the empirical literature on this topic is both limited and dated. To fill this gap in the literature, we conduct an exploratory analysis of how officers perceive IPV events. Utilizing original survey data from 498 law enforcement officers in a Southern state, officer perceptions of offenders, victims, and the credibility of IPV calls are explored. We also evaluate whether those perceptions vary by personal characteristics of officers by utilizing t-tests and correlations. Findings indicate that, overall, officer perceptions have evolved from the historical viewpoint that IPV events were a private family matter to contemporary perceptions that IPV is a serious crime that requires attention from law enforcement. Furthermore, results suggest differences in perceptions by officers' personal characteristics (i.e., gender, rank, age, and years of law enforcement experience). With increasing age and years of law enforcement experience, victim-related factors are less salient in police perceptions of IPV calls. Regarding gender, female officers are less likely than male officers to believe victims may easily leave an abusive relationship and less likely to consider physical evidence of trauma to be very important in determining the credibility of an IPV call-suggesting that female officers are more in tune with the complexity of IPV cases. While officers appear to have a strong understanding of the contours of IPV incidents, overall, clear differences by personal characteristics were evident.
Extensive introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation

ABSTRACT Introgressive hybridization can introduce adaptive genetic variation into a species or population. To evaluate the evolutionary forces that contribute to introgression, we studied six Vitis species that are native to the Southwestern United States and potentially useful for breeding grapevine (V. vinifera) rootstocks. By creating a reference genome from one wild species, V. arizonica, and by resequencing 130 accessions, we focused on identifying putatively introgressed regions (pIRs) between species. We found that up to ~8% of extant genome is attributable to introgression between species. The pIRs tended to be gene poor, located in regions of high recombination and enriched for genes implicated in disease resistance functions. To assess potential pIR function, we explored SNP associations to bioclimatic variables and to bacterial levels after infection with the causative agent of Pierce’s Disease. pIRs were enriched for SNPs associated with both climate and bacterial levels, suggesting potential drivers of adaptive events. Altogether, this study yields insights into the genomic extent of introgression, potential pressures that shape adaptive introgression, and the history of economically important wild relatives of a critical crop.
Effect of Lauric Acid on the Stability of Aβ42 Oligomers

While Alzheimer's disease is correlated with the presence of Aβ fibrils in patient brains, the more likely agents are their precursors, soluble oligomers that may form pores or otherwise distort cell membranes. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, we study how the presence of fatty acids such as lauric acid changes the stability of pore-forming oligomers built from three-stranded Aβ42 chains. Such a change would alter the distribution of amyloids in the fatty acid-rich brain environment and therefore could explain the lower polymorphism observed in Aβ fibrils derived from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We find that lauric acid stabilizes both ring-like and barrel-shaped models, with the effect being stronger for barrel-like models than for ring-like oligomers.
Introduction to project ECHO (extension for community heathcare outcomes)

Introduction: Nationally and internationally, there is a gap between the need and availability of child mental health services. This gap stems from a lack of trained specialists, workforce misdistribution, variations in insurance and financing, and family concerns about the benefits of existing services. Of the possible solutions to these problems, expansion of the child mental health capacity of primary care providers (PCPs) has been proposed as a feasible and scalable approach. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was originally conceived and executed by Dr. Sanjeev Arora at the University of New Mexico for Hepatitis C. It serves to de-monopolize medical expertise by extending knowledge from specialists to PCPs Objectives After attendance at this session, the learner will be able to: 1. describe the history and expansion of the ECHO model worldwide, 2.name the components and structure of ECHO sessions, 3. discuss ECHO as a force multiplier. Methods Dr. Harrison will briefly present the history and expansion of ECHO. She will then describe the program, which consists of a “hub and spokes” model with “tele-clinics” consisting of a “hub” of specialists and “spokes” of clinicians in rural, underserved areas who present cases for discussion, generating treatment recommendations. Results The ECHO model has been replicated in a variety of disciplines across the United States and internationally. Its success has been well documented. There are currently 920 active ECHO programs worldwide. Conclusions Project ECHO is a viable model to address the workforce shortage of child psychiatrists worldwide. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Faith and Boundaries: Colonists, Christianity, and Community among the Wampanoag Indians of Martha's Vineyard, 1600–1871

It was indeed possible for Indians and Europeans to live peacefully in early America and for Indians to survive as distinct communities. Faith and Boundaries uses the story of Martha's Vineyard Wampanoags to examine how. On an island marked by centralized English authority, missionary commitment, and an Indian majority, the Wampanoags' adaptation to English culture, especially Christianity, checked violence while safeguarding their land, community, and ironically, even customs. Yet the colonists' exploitation of Indian land and labor exposed the limits of Christian fellowship and thus hardened racial division. The Wampanoags learned about race through this rising bar of civilization - every time they met demands to reform, colonists moved the bar higher until it rested on biological difference. Under the right circumstances, like those on Martha's Vineyard, religion could bridge wide difference between the peoples of early America, but its transcendent power was limited by the divisiveness of race.
Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Polyamines in Plants

The diamine putrescine and the polyamines spermidine and spermine are amino acid-derived, aliphatic nitrogenous compounds of wide distribution among plant cells (Fig.1). The earliest reference to polyamines in the scientific literature is van Leeuwenhoek’s classic letter to the Royal Society of London in 1678. During his studies describing spermatozoa, he observed the gradual formation of colorless crystals upon drying the samples. The correct structure of these crystals, which corresponded to spermine, was not determined until over 250 years later.1 Spermidine was later found in mammalian tissues. The related diamines putrescine and cadaverine were found in decomposing animal and vegetable matter as a result of microbial activity. Within this historical frame, it is not surprising that earlier studies on these compounds were done mostly on non-plant systems. Recent interest in the function of polyamines in higher plants is in good part derived from discoveries in microbial and animal cells.
From the Beach to the Sea Floor

Fathoming the Ocean . The Discovery and Exploration of the Deep Sea. By Helen M. Rozwadowski . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005. 288 pp. $25.95, £16.95. ISBN 0-674-01691-2. The author offers a scientific and cultural history of the early exploration of the ocean depths and their biota.
PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK THE HANDICAPPED CHILD

The term "handicapped child" tends to put emphasis upon the handicap rather than the child. There is still undue emphasis in many types of physical disability upon how a specific handicap can be overcome by special education or training methods, without sufficient attention to whether the child is having the normal relationships and social experiences necessary to equip him later to compete in adult society. If the ultimate goal for the child who is handicapped is participation with nonhandicapped children in normal life situations, the total needs of the child, as well as those for his specific handicap, must be considered. This discussion portrays a method which individualizes a child and his needs in order to facilitate his social adjustment. Although the principles expressed have been drawn from experience with preschool children, they are applicable to some extent to all age groups. It is recognized, however, that problems arising in school age and adolescence may require different or additional types of service. The reaction of parents to knowledge of a child9s handicap is of great significance in the child9s adjustment. The following reactions seem fairly general: 1. The basic parent-child relationship is somewhat threatened and feelings about the child may undergo change.
Congenital discoid meniscus

Abstract Congenital discoid meniscus is not an uncommon cause of internal derangement of the knee. It occurs much more frequently in the external than in the internal compartment of the joint. It usually causes symptoms in childhood or adolescence, and an injury may or may not precipitate the difficulty. The symptoms and signs are those of internal derangement, and the treatment should be operative removal of the anomalous cartilage. The discoid member may or may not show signs of damage. The operative results are uniformly good.
Social Work and the Liberal Arts: Renewing the Commitment.

Abstract Throughout the history of professional social work education, the liberal arts have been regarded as not simply the most suitable basis for professional education but as the essential basis. As undergraduate programs developed more fully, liberal arts content inevitably decreased. Also, because graduate programs rely increasingly on undergraduate programs for students, the need to define clearly the nature and purpose of liberal education for social work students has become even more apparent. This article addresses the purposes of liberal education and the “content” versus “perspective” controversies and their relation to social work preparation. The premise is that social work has a natural alliance with the liberal arts. For one reason, social work is a complex set of “ideals” reflecting many ideas that have had currency over the century in the literature, politics, economics, history, philosophy, and the human and natural sciences that compose the liberal arts. Social work is not so much “tec...
Miconazole-Induced Fatal Dysrhythmia

Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent that is available in topical, vaginal, and parenteral formulations. Indications for the parenteral product have become rare with the development of newer, more effective agents. A 54-year-old man who had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation developed a widespread subcutaneous Scopulariopsis infection that progressed despite treatment with amphotericin B and itraconazole. Intravenous miconazole was added to his regimen. During the infusion he developed a bradyarrhythmia that resolved after miconazole was discontinued. On rechallenge with a lower dosage, bradyarrhythmia recurred and progressed to ventricular fibrillation. The patient died despite full resuscitation efforts. Only a few case reports exist of miconazole-induced cardiac arrhythmias, and these events were attributed to rapid intravenous administration, insufficient dilution, and the drug's vehicle. We believe that intravenous miconazole should be given with caution to patients with underlying heart disease.
Geometry of Quadrics and Spectral Theory

In this paper we are concerned with integrable Hamiltonian systems. This concept goes back to classical analytical dynamics of the last century. Briefly these are nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations described by a Hamiltonian function and possessing sufficiently many integrals (or conserved quantities) so that they are more or less explicitly solvable by quadrature. Therefore these systems played a crucial role in the last century before more qualitative methods for differential equations were developed at the turn of the century. Subsequently interest in these systems decreased, partly due to the realization that the existence of global integrals can be established only for exceptional Hamiltonian systems.
Flight test measurement of pilot reaction times to runway incursions: out-the-window vs. synthetic vision

Researchers at Stanford University have developed and flight tested a runway incursion alerting system for aircraft on final approach. The system utilizes synthetic vision and ADS-B. The objectives of the flight test were to conduct a proof of concept and to compare the reaction times to incursion between pilots looking out the window and pilots looking at the display. In April 2001 we flew 98 approaches (incursions occurred on 72 approaches) into Moffett Federal Airfield. A specially equipped Ford Winstar Van generated the incursions while a Cessna Caravan flew approaches. Pilots looking out the window tended to see incursions at the runway threshold before the pilot using the display. The reaction time of the out the window pilot was a function of visibility conditions and the location of the incursion along the runway. The reaction time of the pilot looking at the synthetic vision display was insensitive to these factors.
On Art Appreciation of Children: III Textile Pattern Preference Study

This is the third of a series of art appreciation studies, and part of an investigation into the creative and appreciative art abilities of chil dren. As in the previous studies2 the subjects of this investigation were children who come to the Saturday classes of The Cleveland Museum of Art. A small additional number of children was taken from Cleveland schools.3 As before, we have to thank the Museum for the excellent ma terial taken from its Library and other collections (large-sized facsimiles and original textiles) which made it possible to use a great variety of high quality materials.4
An Overview: Tourism Non-governmental Organizations and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries

This article illustrates how select non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are using tourism as a development tool for poverty reduction. These tourism-oriented NGOs are becoming increasingly relevant as an alternative and legitimate source of development aid to many developing countries, since the turn of the 21st century. Many NGOs based in the developed world, in their quest to meet the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals, are partnering with developing world NGOs and communities to help create locally initiated solutions to poverty. These partnerships ensure community involvement and more direct benefits to communities, while creating sustainable solutions that preserve their culture and environment. Although there are several distinct types of tourism NGO providing both financial and non-financial benefits to poor and indigenous communities, this article focuses on three−educational and advocacy organizations, “voluntourism” organizations and tour company foundations−that have made substantia...
An ¹ extremal problem for polynomials

it follows that M?(n+1)1"2. However, in order that (n+1)1/2 be (close to) the right answer the inequality M2 > (1/2r)f I EakZ | 2 dz| must be (close to) equality, which is to say, I Eakz41 must be close to constant. It was proved by Hardy that this minimum M, Mn, satisfies Mn<? c(n+ 1)1/2, c some absolute constant (see Zygmund [4]). Shapiro has even shown that the ak can be chosen real (i.e., equal to +1) and'the same estimate achieved (see Rudin [3]). Thus the order of magnitude of Mn is determined as -Vn. The deeper question regarding the limit of Mn/I/n remains unsettled. In terms of our original heuristic formulation it makes a vital difference whether Mn/Vn-1l or not. Some partial results in this direction have been obtained by Erdos and Littlewood [1]. Another extremal problem in the same spirit is the following: Among all polynomials for which
Differential cardiotoxic/cardioprotective effects of β-adrenergic receptor subtypes in myocytes and fibroblasts in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy

beta-Adrenoceptor (beta-AR) subtypes act through different signaling pathways to regulate cardiac function and remodeling. Previous in vivo data show a markedly enhanced cardiotoxic response to doxorubicin in beta2-/- mice, which is rescued by the additional deletion of the beta1-AR. We determined whether this differential response was myocyte specific by examining the effects of doxorubicin in myocytes and fibroblasts from WT and beta1, beta2 and beta1/beta2-/- mice. Cells were exposed to doxorubicin at 1-50 microM and viability and apoptosis assessed at 6, 24 and 48 h. WT myocytes showed a time and dose-dependent decrease in viability (42% decrease at 1 microM after 24 h). beta2-/- Myocytes showed a greater decrease in viability vs. WT (20.8% less at 6 h; 14% less at 24 h, P<0.05); beta1-/- and beta1/beta2-/- myocytes showed enhanced survival (beta1-/- 11%; beta1/beta2-/- 18% greater than WT, P<0.05). TUNEL staining demonstrated a similar differential susceptibility (WT 26% apoptotic nuclei, beta2-/- 45.9%, beta1/beta2-/- 16.8%, P<0.05). beta2-/- Fibroblasts also showed enhanced toxicity. Pertussis toxin pretreatment of WT cells decreased survival similar to the beta2-/-, suggesting a role for Gi signaling. JNK was differentially activated in beta2-/- myocytes after doxorubicin and its inhibition increased cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, the differential cardioprotective/cardiotoxic effects mediated by beta1 vs. beta2-AR subtypes in knockout mice are recapitulated in myocytes isolated from these mice. beta2-ARs appear to play a cardioprotective role, whereas beta1-ARs a cardiotoxic role.
Laryngeal carcinoma in black patients.

The majority of reports on laryngeal carcinoma are from institutions serving a mostly white population. This report is about laryngeal carcinoma in black patients at Harlem Hospital Center. In a retrospective analysis, 113 patients (male-female, 3.5:1) with carcinoma of the larynx were examined. Sixty-seven patients (59%) were between 50 and 60 years of age. There were two patients (2%) with carcinoma in situ, 15 (13%) in Stage I, 40 (35%) in Stage II, 39 (35%) in Stage III, and 15 (13%) in Stage IV. Of the 113 patients, 70 (62%) were treated surgically, Group 1; 24 (21%) received radiotherapy only, Group 2; and 19 (17%) refused treatment or died before therapy initiation. For patients in Group 1, the 1-year survival rate was 68% (43 of 63), the 3-year survival rate was 38% (20 of 53), and the 5-year survival rate was 15% (7 of 47). For Group 2, the survival rate was 48% (11 of 23), 30% (7 of 23), and 14% (3 of 22), respectively. In this patient population, laryngeal carcinoma occurred at a younger age than other reported groups, had a higher incidence in females, and had a lower 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate.
Exploring a new methodology: background, planning, and lessons from the 2007 tradeshow ‘swarm’ project

Swarm research is an agile method conducted by researchers with different disciplinary and analytical identities, supported by new collaboration technologies. Intended for exploring complex but ephemeral research sites, a swarm encourages collaboration by selecting a neutral site and using online resources. This article describes how researchers swarmed the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show and critiques the process. In particular, the project raised questions about how to coordinate research across institutional boundaries, how to ‘grow’ an emerging methodology, and how to effectively use collaboration resources. Despite these challenges, the swarm method produced useful experiences and data for individual projects, encouraged constructive discussions about research, and ultimately led to reflection about our roles and identities as researchers.
Activation mapping as a percentage of local excitation: fMRI stability within scans, between scans and across field strengths

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) does not typically yield highly reproducible maps of brain activation. Maps can vary significantly even with constant scanning parameters and consistent task performance conditions (Liu et al., Magn. Reson. Med., 2004, 52:751-760). Reproducibility is even more of a problem when comparing fMRI signal magnitude and spatial extent of activation across scans involving different task performance levels, scan durations, pulse sequences or magnetic field strengths. In this report, the consistency of fMRI was reexamined by considering the relative spatial and temporal distribution of fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation signals separately from the absolute magnitude of the activation signal in each brain area. Subjects repeatedly performed the same simple motor task but under a variety of imaging conditions, using both spiral and standard echo-planar pulse sequences and at 1.5- and 4.0-T magnetic field strengths. The results demonstrate that the absolute amplitude of BOLD statistical activation signals varied significantly across time and scanning conditions, but the relative spatial pattern of BOLD activation was highly reproducible across all conditions. Analysis of realistic simulated fMRI data sets indicates that stability of relative activation patterns could provide a useful tool for assessing the accuracy of fMRI maps.
Sorption of Flavor Compounds by Low Density Polyethylene Film

The interactions of aldehydes, methyl ketones, methyl esters, sulfur compounds and alkylpyrazines with low density polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated. LDPE film, suspended on a stainless steel support, was immersed in simulated milk ultrafiltrate containing a flavor compound. After shaking the glass bottles containing the solutions and film samples for 24 hr at room temperature (24 ± 2°C), the flavor compound was extracted from both the LDPE samples and the SMUF, and quantitated using gas chromatography. The sorption was: aldehydes (C7-C10) 11% to 63%, methyl ketones (C7-C10) 1.5% to 43.0%, methyl esters (C7-C9) 6.0% to 42.0%, and sulfur compounds 8.5% to 21%. Insignificant levels of alkylpyrazines were sorbed. For all flavor compound classes, as carbon chain length increased, the quantity of sorbed flavor compounds increased.
Linear temporal logic vehicle routing with applications to multi‐UAV mission planning

Missions with high combinatorial complexity involving several logical and temporal constraints often arise in cooperative control of multiple Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles. In this paper, we propose a new class of problems that generalizes the standard Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) by addressing complex tasks and constraints on the mission, called the ‘mission specifications’, expressed in a high-level specification language. In the generalized problem setup, these mission specifications are naturally specified using the Linear Temporal Logic language LTL−X. Using a novel systematic procedure, the LTL−X specification is converted to a set of constraints suitable to a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation, which in turn can be incorporated into two widely-used MILP formulations of the standard VRP. Solving the resulting MILP provides an optimal plan that satisfies the given mission specification. The paper also presents two mission planning applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time and temperature dependence on rapid thermal annealing of molecular beam epitaxy grown Ga0.8In0.2N0.01As0.99 quantum wells analyzed using photoluminescence

GaInNAs has received a great deal of attention among the scientific community, owing to its ability to be grown pseudomorphically on GaAs substrates and, thus, to extend the possibility of using GaAs based materials for technologically important wavelengths such as 1.3 µm. Annealing was found to be a very useful tool in improving the optical characteristics of as-grown GaInNAs films. This work presents a systematic statistical analysis of two annealing parameters, time and temperature, for Ga0.8In0.2N0.01As0.99 quantum wells. Annealing, in general, has resulted in decreasing the emission wavelength by at most 0.08 µm, narrowing the peaks by at most ∼25 meV and increasing the intensity by at most 90 times. However, from the statistical analysis, it is observed that the temperature is the dominant factor among time and temperature in recovering the optical properties.
Candida Meningitis/Course, Prognosis and Mortality before and after Introduction of the New Antimycotics. Die Candida Meningitis: Verlauf, Prognose und Letalität vor und nach Einführung der neuen Antimycotica

Summary: Screening of all the cases of Candida meningitis accessible to the authors from the literature of the last 40 years has shown that amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosin have lowered the mortality rate by 7 1/2 times compared with the period before 1958. The combination of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosin is significantly more effective than amphotericin B alone and seems to bring the mortality rate down to almost nil. The number of cures without residual mental handicap has however only doubled. Of the survivors, almost one-third still suffer long-term damage as a result of this disease, a proportion similar to that recorded in the pre-antimycotic era. Zusammenfassung: Die Sichtung samtlicher den Verfassern zuganglichen Candida-Meningitiden der Literatur der letzten 40 Jahre hat gezeigt, das Amphotericin B und 5-Fluorocytosin die Sterblichkeit, verglichen mit der Zeit vor 1958, um das 7 1/2-fache gesenkt haben. Die Kombination von Amphotericin B und 5-Fluoro-cytosin ist bedeutend wirksamer als die Applikation von Amphotericin B allein und scheint die Letalitat sogar gegen Null zu verschieben. Die Heilungen ohne Defekt sind aber nur um das Doppelte angestiegen. Von den uberlebenden tragt auch weiterhin fast ein Drittel Spatschaden davon, ahnlich wie in der vor-antimycotischen Aera.
Complex Kohn variational method: Application to low-energy electron-molecule collisions.

An algebraic variational method, based on application of the Kohn principle to the T matrix, is formulated for multichannel scattering problems and applied to the case of low-energy electron-molecule collisions. The method requires only Hamiltonian matrix elements and is anomaly-free. The present formulation is noteworthy in that it requires no bound-free nor free-free exchange matrix elements. The new technique is illustrated by application to e/sup -/+H/sub 2/ scattering in both the static-exchange and the two-state approximations. The method is found to be both efficient and accurate.
A fundamental solution of a multilayered half-space due to an impulsive ring source

Abstract The fundamental solutions of axisymmetric elastodynamic problem for the multilayered half-space due to an impulsive ring source acting within a layered elastic media are derived in time domain with the aid of Laplace–Hankel mixed transform and transfer matrix techniques. In addition, an effective numerical procedure, which utilizes the fast Hankel transform algorithm, is also proposed to calculate these solutions. Illustrative examples have been given to demonstrate that the fundamental solutions can be readily evaluated and the numerical results are of high accuracy. The present solutions can be directly applied to determine the transient wave fields caused by a seismic source and show the potential application to the elastodynamic problems solved by the boundary element method.
Cytokeratin subsets can reliably distinguish Barrett's esophagus from intestinal metaplasia of the stomach

The histological distinction between intestinal metaplasia involving the distal esophagus (Barrett's esophagus [BE]) and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach has important clinical implications and can be difficult even with the use of histochemical mucin stains. Cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 are cytoplasmic structural proteins that show restricted expression in normal and malignant epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the use of CK7 and 20 expression in the histological distinction of BE from gastric intestinal metaplasia. CK7 and 20 immunostaining was performed on randomly selected surgical resection (n = 31) and biopsy specimens (n = 34) from patients with long-segment BE and gastric resection specimens (n = 11) and gastric cardia biopsy specimens (n = 13) in patients with histological evidence of intestinal metaplasia. A unique pattern of immunoreactivity designated the Barrett's CK7/20 pattern showed superficial CK20 staining and strong CK7 staining of both superficial and deep glands in 29 of 31 (94%) esophageal resection specimens and 34 of 34 (100%) esophageal biopsy specimens form patients with long-segment BE. A Barrett's CK7/20 pattern was not observed in gastric cardia biopsy specimens (n = 13) or gastric resection specimens (n = 11) in patients with histological evidence of intestinal metaplasia. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of a Barrett's CK7/20 pattern for a diagnosis of long-segment BE was 97%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. CK7 and 20 reactivity patterns can reliably identify the location of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus and stomach using histological material from both routine endoscopic biopsy and surgical resection specimens.
Coal cleaning in a semi-continuous flow reactor: Galvanostatic studies

Abstract Coal slurries prepared in NaOH were electrolyzed in a semi-continuous flow reactor (three-electrode arrangement) under galvanostic mode at mild conditions of reaction. The influence of the current density on sulfur removal from coal, hydrogen production and energy efficiency was investigated thoroughly. A total of 66% sulfur removal from a west-central Illinois coal at a current density of 30 mA cm −2 was observed. A slight increase in the ash content presumably due to Na + addition was observed.
Dynamics and control of energy integrated distillation column networks

Networks of distillation columns, used for multicomponent separations, show the potential for energy integration via coupling of some of the energy sources and sinks. Energy integration in such networks results in significant energy savings, but it also comes at the expense of control challenges. In this paper, we analyze various networks of distillation columns with significant energy integration. We identify key dynamic characteristics of such networks, which help in addressing the corresponding control problem. A case of a double effect distillation column is considered for a more detailed dynamic analysis and control study.
Atomic force microscopy studies of laser-triggered morphology changes in Y 2 O 3 monolayer coatings

ABSTRACT Atomic-force microscopy of pulsed and cw Nd:laser-irradiated Y203 monolayer coatings reveals that fluences insufficient to eject film-defect nodules are able to prompt formation of structural film features that we characterize and whose formation by linear absorption we establish. These features can be identified as precursors for conventional damage morphologies, i.e., craters. 1. INTRODUCTION High-resolution imaging techniques applied to dielectric thin-film-coating, morphological studies laid the foundation for understanding both the columnar, porous nature of such films as well as their defects.4 Until the arrival of noncontacting methods, traditional imaging techniques using charges were difficult to apply to these highly insulating samples, owing to charging effects, as well as potentially destructive to the samples because of the response of the ionic solid to the presence of the externally introduced charges. Many structural investigations required overcoating the insulatingsamples with conductive layers, thereby sacrificing the samples. A breakthrough, which alleviated many of the earlier
Percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal gangliorhizolysis in intractable cluster headache.

SYNOPSIS Recent interest in the possible role of substance P and other vaso-active polypeptides of the trigeminal vascular system, in the pathogenesis of vascular headache, has lad to a reconsideration of the value of ablative procedures on the trigeminal nerve in the control of chronic, medically intractable cluster headache. Twenty-seven patients with disabling intractable chronic cluster headache underwent radiofrequency trigeminal gangliorhizolysis. Indications included total resistance to prophylactic treatment, narcotic dependency, hypercorticism, and contra-indications to ergotamine and methysergide as a result of severe ischemic heart disease. The procedure had to be repeated in 6 patients, once in 4 and twice in 2. The average follow-up period was 28 months with a range of 6 to 63 months. Excellent results were obtained in 15 patients, very good in 2, good in 3, fair in 1 and poor in 6. Complications were anesthesia dolorosa, stabbing pain over the vertex, ice-pick like pain over the ipsilateral eye, transient corneal infection, transient diplopia, localized dermatosis, and recurrent stye. Complications were mild and transient in the majority of the patients, and the benefits from the surgery far outweighed the discomfort from the complications. The reasons for poor results in some patients were analyzed. It is concluded that radiofrequency trigeminal gangliorhizolysis is a reasonable alternative in patients with chronic cluster headache 1) who are totally resistant to medical treatment, 2) with a history of strictly unilateral headache, and 3) with stable personality profile and low addiction proneness.
Translational regulation of ribonucleotide reductase by eukaryotic initiation factor 4E links protein synthesis to the control of DNA replication.

Ribonucleotide reductase synthesizes dNDPs, a specific and limiting step in DNA synthesis, and can participate in neoplastic transformation when overexpressed. The small subunit (ribonucleotide reductase 2 (RNR2)) was cloned as a major product in a subtraction library from eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-transformed cells (Chinese hamster ovary-4E (CHO-4E)). CHO-4E cells have 20–40-fold elevated RNR2 protein, reflecting an increased distribution of RNR2 mRNA to the heavy polysomes. CHO-4E cells display an altered cell cycle with shortened S phase, similar to cells selected for RNR2 overexpression with hydroxyurea. The function of ribonucleotide reductase as a checkpoint component of S progression was studied in yeast in which elevated eIF4E rescued S-arrested rnr2–68 ts cells, by increasing recruitment of its mRNA to polysomes. Crosses betweenrnr2–68 ts and mutant eIF4E (cdc33–1 ts) engendered conditional synthetic lethality, with extreme sensitivity to hydroxyurea and the microtubule depolymerizing agent, benomyl. The double mutant (cdc33–1 rnr2–68) also identified a unique terminal phenotype, arrested with small bud and a randomly distributed single nucleus, which is distinct from those of both parental single mutants. This phenotype defines eIF4E and RNR2 as determinants in an important cell cycle checkpoint, in early/mid-S phase. These results also provide a link between protein and DNA synthesis and provide an explanation for cell cycle alterations induced by elevated eIF4E.
Inappropriate mode switching clarified by using a chest radiograph

An 80-year-old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular node disease status post-dual chamber pacemaker placement was noted to have abnormal pacing episodes during a percutaneous coronary intervention. Pacemaker interrogation revealed a high number of short duration mode switching episodes. Representative electrograms demonstrated high frequency nonphysiologic recordings predominantly in the atrial lead. Intrinsic pacemaker malfunction was excluded. A chest radiograph showed excess atrial and ventricular lead slack in the right ventricular inflow. It was suspected that lead–lead interaction resulted in artifacts and oversensing, causing frequent short episodes of inappropriate mode switching.
Symmetry Groups and Non-Abelian Cohomology

We consider the implementation of symmetry groups of automorphisms of an algebra of observables in a reducible representation whose multipliers in general are non-commuting operators in the commutant of the representation. The multipliers obey a non-abelian cocycle relation which generalizes the 2-cohomology of the group. Examples are given from the theory of spin algebras and continuous tensor products. For typeI representations we show that the multiplier can be chosen to lie in the centre, giving an isomorphism with abelian theory.
Problems in the focusing of intense heavy ion beams

Abstract Final transport calculations are being pursued in connection with the Argonne Heavy Ion Fusion program. The phase zero accelerator demonstration facility is to produce a 3 kJ beam of 10 GeV Xe 8+ ions having a final pulse length of 10 × 10 −9 s; momentum spreas ΔP / P = ±5 × 10 −3 , and transverse geometric beam emittance of about 7.5 cm mr. The required final focal size is near 0.5 mm radius with final standoff distances of 0.5 to 0.75 m being considered. It is planned to perform transverse 4 × 4 splitting in order to reduce the emittance to less than 2.4 cm mr in each of 16 beamlets. Final focusing of the beamlets has been modelled in a superconducting quadrupole triplet for a beam of 10 GeV Xe 8+ ions and in a four quadrupole system for a beam of 10 GeV Hg 2+ ions. The Monte Carlo raytrace programs TURTLE and PARMILA have been utilized to evaluate final image and emittance growth in regard to: (1) choice of initial distribution functions; (2) second- and third-order chromatic and geometric aberrations and their dependence upon the shaping of fringe fields; (3) aberrations due to nonzero multipole fields; (4) beam currents up to 1000 A instantaneous. The studies indicate that meaningful reductions in image growth are possible if the significant aberrations are corrected and the integrated quadrupole harmonic fields are minimized. A 2 × 2 achromatic beam splitter is also described which performs separate horizontal and vertical splitting using conventional septum techniques; a 4.8 cm mr emittance beam is reduced to four beamlets of 2.4 cm mr each. The final beamlets are matched to the previously-designed final triplet for 10 GeV Xe 8+ . Spatial distance is 23.5 m from the first split to the target. Calculations indicate that final image growth is more severe due to the added length of the uncorrected transport line. We compare the performance of the considered system, utilizing 2 × 2 splitting and final focusing triplet with that obtained using just an unsplit 4.8 cm mr beam with identical initial beam conditions, as input to two matching doublets and the final focusing triplet. Further work on splitting techniques is needed.
Properties of soleus muscle Z‐lines and induced Z‐line analogs revealed by dissection with Ca2+‐activated neutral protease

Rat soleus muscle Z-lines and Z-line anomalies induced by neostigmine methyl sulfate (NMS) and cat soleus muscle Z-line and Z-line anomalies induced by tentomy were examined by electron microscopy before and after dissection of muscle fibers with Ca2+-activated neutral protease (CAF) to elucidate structural properties of Z-lines and related Z-line-type structures. In both normal and treated muscles, interdigitation of thin (6–7 nm) filaments, which were continuous with I-filaments (actin) from adjacent sarcomeres, was observed at the Z-line in longitudinal section. Both neostigmine methyl sulfate and tenotomy treatments induced muscle atrophy associated with Z-line degradation, streaming, and irregular distribution and accumulation of Z-line material and Z-rod formation. Tenotomized muscle also was characterized by the presence of N-line-like bands and I-Z-I brushes. CAF digestion removed the electron-dense covering material from Z-rods and revealed a backbone of actin filaments. The origin of Z-rods, their structural similarity to Z-lines in longitudinal and cross section, and their susceptibility to CAF indicate that Z-rods are directly related to native Z-lines and are probably lateral polymers of a basic Z-line unit. The regular square net alignment (22 nm) of I-filaments (actin) in cross sections of I-Z-I brushes which contain no N-lines suggests that the I-square net arrangement near the Z-line is determined by Z-filament-actin filament interaction rather than by the N-line or other factors. The results suggest that I-filaments (actin) penetrate the mammalian Z-line and are Z-line constituents and that the width of Z-lines and the length of Z-rods are determined by the amount of overlap of actin filaments. The perpendicular periodicity of Z-rods and the zigzag-oblique arrowheadlike appearance seen in longitudinal section of Z-lines are attributed to α-actinin.
Stacking of amide dipoles as an alternate to hydrogen bonds in chiral recognition rationales

Face-to-face stacking of N-acylated amino acid esters (or amides) is suggested to occur owing to electrostatic attraction between amide dipoles. Diastereomers of the resultant transient dimers may differ in stability and these stability differences may allow chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of the N-acylated amino acid derivatives. The dipole-stacking model allows rationalization of the results of Hara et al.2 and of Gil-Av et al.4
An integrated framework for de-identifying unstructured medical data

While there is an increasing need to share medical information for public health research, such data sharing must preserve patient privacy without disclosing any information that can be used to identify a patient. A considerable amount of research in data privacy community has been devoted to formalizing the notion of identifiability and developing techniques for anonymization but are focused exclusively on structured data. On the other hand, efforts on de-identifying medical text documents in medical informatics community rely on simple identifier removal or grouping techniques without taking advantage of the research developments in the data privacy community. This paper attempts to fill the above gaps and presents a framework and prototype system for de-identifying health information including both structured and unstructured data. We empirically study a simple Bayesian classifier, a Bayesian classifier with a sampling based technique, and a conditional random field based classifier for extracting identifying attributes from unstructured data. We deploy a k-anonymization based technique for de-identifying the extracted data to preserve maximum data utility. We present a set of preliminary evaluations showing the effectiveness of our approach.
Ordering in Si1−xGex crystals

Abstract Evidence in transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering supports the claim by Ourmazd and Bean that the unit cell in Si 1− x Ge x grown by molecular beam epitaxy is doubled in a 〈111〉 direction by weak long-range order of Si and Ge atoms.
Transition Probabilities and Electron Excitation Rates for Fe XIV

Electron impact excitation rates and oscillator strengths for transitions between fine-structure levels of the 3s23p, 3s3p2, and 3s23d configurations and from these levels to the fine-structure levels of the 3p3, 3s3p3d, and 3p23d configurations in Fe XIV are reported. The 135 target levels have been included in the close-coupling expansion in our collision calculation using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix approach. The lowest 135 Fe XIV energy levels belong to the 3s23p, 3s3p2, 3s23d, 3p3, 3s3p3d, 3p23d, 3s3d2, 3p3d2, 3s24s, 3s24p, 3s3p4s, and 3s24d configurations. An accurate representation of target levels has been obtained using spectroscopic and correlation radial functions. The atomic wave functions give excitation energies which are in close agreement with experiment. Oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for Fe XIV lines normally compare very well with previous calculations. The effective collision strengths have been calculated by integrating total resonant and nonresonant collision strengths over a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies and these are presented over a wide temperature range suitable for modeling of astrophysical plasmas. Significant differences in collision strengths are noted with the previous 18 state R-matrix calculation.
Improving the stability of the mobile radio power amplifier

The spectral purity of mobile transmitters becomes increasingly important as the radio spectrum becomes congested and as wideband operation is offered. The environment for the radio frequency power amplifier is especially harsh with variations in supply voltage, ambient temperature, output power, load impedance, drive power, and operating frequency. Various methods for improving stability such as wideband output loading, input loading, negative feedback, and hybrid isolation are reviewed.