cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Key role of antiferrimagnetic states in remagnetization of iron clusters

The structure and magnetic properties of the small iron clusters ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3},$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$ are studied by the density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential for all permitted spin multiplicities. The lower-spin-multiplicity states are found to have antiferro(i)magnetic couplings of the magnetic moments at iron sites. The highest-energy aniferro(i)magnetic states are symmetric (nearly symmetric) with respect to distributions of spin-up and spin-down electrons and represent switching points of magnetization.
Transplantation: Does anemia correction delay kidney allograft dysfunction?

In an era of increased concern about the safety of using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with chronic kidney disease, findings from the CAPRIT trial have suggested that ESA administration to correct anemia may slow the progression of kidney allograft dysfunction.
Perspectives on sexual orientation

Sexual identity development theory suggests that gay men and women who are struggling to define themselves sexually may be focused on substantially different developmental issues than are heterosexual men and women.
The Launch Processing System for Space Shuttle.

In order to reduce costs and accelerate vehicle turnaround, a single automated system will be developed to support shuttle launch site operations, replacing a multiplicity of systems used in previous programs. The Launch Processing System will provide real-time control, data analysis, and information display for the checkout, servicing, launch, landing, and refurbishment of the launch vehicles, payloads, and all ground support systems. It will also provide real-time and historical data retrieval for management and sustaining engineering (test records and procedures, logistics, configuration control, scheduling, etc.).
Studies in comparative sugar preference in rodents: I. Methodology differences

The glucose preferences of deer mice, Florida mice, and kangaroo rats were examined over 2 h and 24 h. At the end of both periods Ss had greatest intake for the less sweet solutions. Citing other literature, it is shown that this is not a true measure of glucose preference, but an artifact of the method of testing.
Inverse scattering and control as constrained optimization problems

A class of inverse scattering and control problems for the Helmholtz equations was reformulated as constrained optimization problems. The cost functional depends on the solution of a boundary value or transmission problem where typically either the boundary or the boundary conditions are not known a priori and are sought to optimize the functional. Through the use of complete families of radiating solutions of the Helmholtz equation the problem is reduced to finite dimensions. Existence (though not uniqueness) of solutions of the finite-dimensional constrained optimization problems and convergence to solutions of the original problem were established in a number of particular cases, including optimizing antenna radiation patterns and reconstructing scattering geometry from measured far-scattered-field data. A general approach suitable for application to a number of similar problems is described and results in particular cases are presented. >
A routing protocol for packet radio networks

Abstract : The authors present a new distance-vector routing protocol for a packet radio network. The new distributed routing protocol, Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), works on the notion of second-to-last hop node to a destination. WRP reduces the number of cases in which a temporary routing loop can occur and also provides a mechanism for the reliable transmission of update messages. The performance of WRP has been compared quantitatively by simulations with that of distributed Bellman-Ford (DBF), DUAL (a loop-free, distance-vector algorithm), and an ideal link-state algorithm (ILS) that represents the state of the art of Internet routing in a highly dynamic environment. The simulation results indicate that WRP is the most efficient of the algorithms simulated in a wireless environment.
In vivo kinetics of [F-18]MEFWAY: a comparison with [C-11]WAY100635 and [F-18]MPPF in the nonhuman primate.

[F-18]Mefway was developed to provide an F-18 labeled positron emission tomography (PET) neuroligand with high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor to improve the in vivo assessment of the 5-HT(1A) system. The goal of this work was to compare the in vivo kinetics of [F-18]mefway, [F-18]MPPF, and [C-11]WAY100635 in the rhesus monkey. Methods Each of four monkeys were given bolus injections of [F-18]mefway, [C-11]WAY100635, and [F-18]MPPF and scans were acquired with a microPET P4 scanner. Arterial blood was sampled to assay parent compound throughout the time course of the PET experiment. Time activity curves were extracted in the high 5-HT(1A) binding areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACG), mesial temporal cortex, raphe nuclei, and insula cortex. Time activity curves were also extracted in the cerebellum, which was used as a reference region. The in vivo kinetics of the radiotracers were compared based on the nondisplaceable distribution volume (V(ND) ) and binding potential (BP(ND) ). Results At 30 min, the fraction of radioactivity in the plasma due to parent compound was 19%, 28%, and 29% and cleared from the arterial plasma at rates of 0.0031, 0.0078, and 0.0069 (min⁻¹) ([F-18]mefway, [F-18]MPPF, [C-11]WAY100635). The BP(ND) in the brain regions were mesial temporal cortex: 7.4 ± 0.6, 3.1 ± 0.4, 7.0 ± 1.2, ACG: 7.2 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.2, 7.9 ± 1.2; raphe nuclei: 3.7 ± 0.6, 1.3 ± 0.3, 3.3 ± 0.7; and insula cortex: 4.2 ± 0.6, 1.2 ± 0.1, 4.7 ± 1.0 for [F-18]mefway, [F-18]MPPF, and [C-11]WAY100635 respectively. Conclusions In the rhesus monkey, [F-18]mefway has similar in vivo kinetics to [C-11]WAY100635 and yields greater than 2-fold higher BP(ND) than [F-18]MPPF. These properties make [F-18]mefway a promising radiotracer for 5-HT(1A) assay, providing higher counting statistics and a greater dynamic range in BP(ND).
Past and recent deliberate self-harm: emotion and coping strategy differences.

Only limited information on nonsuicidal deliberate self-harm behavior among nonclinical populations is available, and it is unclear whether coping and emotional difficulties remain among those with a past history of self-harm behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine emotions and coping strategies among three nonclinical groups with a recent, past, and no history of nonsuicidal deliberate self-harm behavior. College students completed self-report measures of self-harm behavior, suicidal thoughts, emotional dispositions, and coping strategies. Contrary to expectations, there were few differences in coping strategies among the three groups ( p > .0033). Those with a recent history (n = 23; in the last 12 months) and past history (n = 32; more than 12 months ago) of self-harm behavior reported greater levels of negative emotion (e.g., hostility, guilt, sadness) than those who have never self-harmed (n = 161; p 12 months ago), negative emotion differences were present, and both recent and past self-harmers merit concern in managing their negative emotions to lower their risk for future difficulties.
T H 17 Cytokines: Characteristics, Regulation, and Biological Function

The recently identified Interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine family, which comprises of six members, contributes to immunity in infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-17 and the most structurally related cytokine, IL-17F, are produced by TH17 cells, a novel subset of CD4+ helper T cells. Although IL-17 and IL-17F have similar regulation and functions in vitro, they are involved differently in chronic inflammatory diseases and bacterial infection. The aim of this article is to summarize recent work in understanding the function and regulation of TH17 cytokines, focusing mainly on IL-17 and IL-17F. Elucidation of the function and regulation of these cytokines may yield immuno-therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
WARDENS' PERCEPTIONS OF INMATE FEAR OF SEXUAL ASSAULT: A RESEARCH NOTE

Research on inmate fear of sexual assault is sparse in sociological and correctional journals. Studies that examine wardens’ perceptions of inmate fear of sexual assault are nonexistent in the literature. Therefore, using data gathered from 226 wardens of state correctional institutions, this study examines which demographic and institutional factors significantly affect wardens’ perceptions of inmate fear of sexual assault within their institutions. Sex of the institution, security level, and number of officially reported inmate sexual assaults within the facilities were the most salient predictors of wardens’ beliefs in the prevalence of inmate fear of sexual assault. Policy implications are also addressed.
Setting the trap for hot carriers [MOS VLSI]

The device degradation under ac and dc stress have been discussed and a relationship between the two has been established,. We have shown that the commonly used lifetime criteria of 10% linear current degradation for 10 years for a transistor under dc stress is overly conservative for representing the circuit operating lifetime. Using experimental and simulated data for inverter chains, we proposed that a meaningful equivalent lifetime based on 10% I/sub dl/ degradation under dc stress is 1 year lifetime (for a 10 year circuit lifetime based on 54b degradation in ring oscillator frequency). We also compared this criteria to actual circuit degradation for microprocessors and a DRAM. For DSP microprocessors with 0.8 /spl mu/m LDD transistors, the projected lifetime was more than 200 years at 5.5 V, with a corresponding 10% I/sub dr/ lifetime of 20 years. For 1 Mb DRAMs with 1 pm LDD transistors, the 5% speed degradation lifetime at 5.5 V was more than 100 years, whereas the individual transistors had 10% I/sub dl/ lifetime of 4 years. These circuit results support the 10% I/sub dl/ transistor lifetime. We believe these criterion should be very safe and reasonable for digital IC chips currently in the field, as well as those in future design and development. >
LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION, IMPERFECT INFORMATION AND SELF EMPLOYMENT

This paper investigates the effects of labor market discrimination on the self employment returns of those discriminated against. It demonstrates that, in situations of imperfect information, labor market discrimination can "spill over" into markets relevant to self employment, creating seemingly discriminatory outcomes in these markets. Thus, credit market discrimination or consumer discrimination against minority entrepreneurs could arise as an indirect effect of labor market discrimination. The existence of these spillover effects is shown to have two important implications for self employment outcomes. First, labor market discrimination is likely to yield lower expected returns from self employment for individuals from discriminated against groups. Second, labor market discrimination may actually result in those discriminated against having less incentive to enter self-employment than individuals from other groups. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.
An Approximate Bayesian Detection Scheme with Applications to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis

In this paper, we present a solution to a special classification problem that we have encountered during the analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data of proteins. First, we present a thorough statistical analysis of our data set. From this analysis, we build a model for the data that allows us to formulate our mass spectrometry data analysis problem as a special kind of classification problem. We propose a solution to this problem and show some results on simulated and real data sets.
An optical transmitter/receiver system for wireless voice communication

The design of an optical transmitter/receiver system, suitable as an educational project for the demonstration of low-noise wireless voice communication in the laboratory, is described. The system, having a range in excess of 8 m, uses a VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator), operating at the center frequency of 100 kHz, to achieve voice data encoding. Optical decoding at the receiver is performed using a conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. As an optoelectronics design project, the system successfully integrates the concepts of free-space optical communication, frequency modulation, and analog electronics design, which are common to infrared (IR) remote control devices. >
The Bacillus subtilis GTP binding protein obg and regulators of the sigma(B) stress response transcription factor cofractionate with ribosomes.

Obg, an essential GTP binding protein of Bacillus subtilis, is necessary for stress activation of the ςB transcription factor. We investigated Obg's cellular associations by differential centrifugation of crude B. subtilis extracts, using an anti-Obg antibody as a probe to monitor Obg during the fractionation, and by fluorescent microscopy of a B. subtilis strain in which Obg was fused to green fluorescent protein. The results indicated that Obg is part of a large cytoplasmic complex. In subsequent analyses, Obg coeluted with ribosomal subunits during gel filtration of B. subtilis lysates on Sephacryl S-400 and specifically bound to ribosomal protein L13 in an affinity blot assay. Probing the gel filtration fractions with antibodies specific for ςB and its coexpressed regulators (Rsb proteins) revealed coincident elution of the upstream components of the ςB stress activation pathway (RsbR, -S, and -T) with Obg and the ribosomal subunits. The data implicate ribosome function as a possible mediator of the activity of Obg and the stress induction of ςB.
Genetic variation and covariation in male attractiveness and female mating preferences in Drosophila melanogaster.

How mating preferences evolve remains one of the major unsolved mysteries in evolutionary biology. One major impediment to the study of ornament-preference coevolution is that many aspects of the theoretical literature remain loosely connected to empirical data. Theoretical models typically streamline mating preferences by describing preference functions with a single parameter, a modeling convenience that may veil important aspects of preference evolution. Here, we use a high-throughput behavioral assay in Drosophila melanogaster to quantify attractiveness and multiple components of preferences in both males and females. Females varied genetically with respect to how they ranked males in terms of attractiveness as well as the extent to which they discriminated among different males. Conversely, males showed consistent preferences for females, suggesting that D. melanogaster males tend to rank different female phenotypes in the same order in terms of attractiveness. Moreover, we reveal a heretofore undocumented positive genetic correlation between male attractiveness and female choosiness, which is a measure of the variability in a female’s response to different male phenotypes. This genetic correlation sets the stage for female choosiness to evolve via a correlated response to selection on male traits and potentially adds a new dimension to the Fisherian sexual selection process.
Improved Outcomes for Women on the Heart Transplant Wait List in the Modern Era.

Abstract Background Whether the routine use of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) has affected gender differences in outcomes for patients listed for heart transplantation (HT) is unclear. Methods and Results We identified 20,468 adults (25% women) listed as status 1A or 1B for HT from 2000 to 2014. Sex differences in removal from the wait list during the first 365 days due to death or deterioration was assessed with the use of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Patients were stratified according to listing before (era 1) or after (era 2) Food and Drug Administration approval of the Heartmate II LVAD on April 22, 2008. Freedom from death or deterioration on the wait list was higher for men than for women (70% vs 64%; P P P = .029). Further adjustment for LVAD use eliminated the higher risk for women in era 2 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99–1.29; P = .053) and not in era 1 (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.36; P Conclusions The higher risk for death or deterioration in women waiting for HT has improved in the modern era.
Effect of Negative Substrate Bias on the Structure and Properties of Ta Coatings Deposited Using Modulated Pulse Power Magnetron Sputtering

Crystalline phase control is critical for obtaining desired structure and properties of Ta coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering. We have shown the approach to control the alpha and beta Ta phase formations by tuning the negative substrate bias voltage during modulated pulse power (MPP) magnetron sputtering, which generates a large fraction of target metallic ions in the plasma providing enhanced ion bombardment on the growing film. It was found that the peak and mean substrate ion current densities increased rapidly from 42 to 165 mAcm-2 and 16 to 55 mAcm-2, respectively, as the negative substrate bias voltage was increased from -20 to -50 V and became saturated with a further increase in the negative substrate bias voltage. As the negative substrate bias voltage was increased from 0 to -100 V, the MPP Ta phase changed from an all beta phase when the bias voltage was at 0 V and a floating bias, to a mixed alpha and beta phases when the bias voltage was in the range of -30 to -40 V, and finally to an all alpha phase when the negative bias voltage was -50 V or greater. In this paper, alpha Ta coating with thicknesses up to 100 μm were successfully deposited using the MPP technique with high deposition rate. The residual stress of the thick Ta coating was measured using an X-ray stress analyzer. The adhesion strength of the thick Ta coating was evaluated using Rockwell-C indentation and scratch tests. The possibility to coat complex-shaped substrates with good coating coverage on the substrate's surface placed orthogonal to the target has also been demonstrated.
Substance use and violent behavior in women with antisocial personality disorder.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between substance abuse and dependence and violent behavior in a sample of incarcerated women with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Among male populations, substance dependence is associated with aggression and criminal behavior. Individuals with ASPD have more severe substance dependence, including higher symptom counts, earlier age of onset, and more frequent co-morbidity. Incarcerated women have a high prevalence of ASPD and substance dependence, but there has been little detailed work regarding addiction severity. Similarly, work on association of substance abuse and dependence with specific violent behaviors has been limited. This study examined a group of 41 mid-sentence female felons with a diagnosis of ASPD to determine associations with substance abuse and dependence. Data were gathered through administration of the Semi-Structured Assessment of the Genetics of Alcoholism II (SSAGA II). Substance dependence was highly prevalent (i.e., alcohol dependence, 56.1%; opiate dependence, 48.8%; cocaine dependence, 61.0%). While specific diagnoses were not associated with violent behavior and offending, symptom severity (i.e., age of onset, symptom count, co-morbidity) was associated with violent behavior in women dependent on opiates, alcohol, and cocaine. Arrest for an assault 1 was associated with alcohol dependence and opiate dependence. These data suggest that measurement of symptom severity and co-morbidity is important in assessing violent behavior in incarcerated women with ASPD. These findings are potentially important in examining non-incarcerated, substance-dependent women. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
MPLUS: a probabilistic medical language understanding system

This paper describes the basic philosophy and implementation of MPLUS (M+), a robust medical text analysis tool that uses a semantic model based on Bayesian Networks (BNs). BNs provide a concise and useful formalism for representing semantic patterns in medical text, and for recognizing and reasoning over those patterns. BNs are noise-tolerant, and facilitate the training of M+.
The Depth Variability of Meridional Gradients of Temperature, Salinity and Sound Velocity in the Western North Pacific

Abstract In the western North Pacific, meridional gradients of temperature, salinity and sound velocity show considerable variation with depth. Gradients of frontal intensity (more than three times the rms value) occur in the upper 600 m of the ocean. Fronts in the surface layer are spaced at irregular intervals. Many deep fronts have no surface manifestation and are spaced at intervals between 300 and 600 km. A spectral analysis of the meridional gradients as functions of depth and longitude was carried out for the wavenumber range between 0 and 13.4 cycles per 1000 km (c.p. 1000 km). The shape of the power density spectra strongly depends on depth. In the upper 150 m the shape is irregular. Between 300 and 600 m, the spectra show a well-defined peak between 1.5 and 3.3 c.p. 1000 km and a sharp decrease in power beyond 10 c.p. 1000 km. While the shape of the power density spectra shows little variation with longitude, there is a substantial decrease in the total power when crossing the Emperor seamount c...
Semantic mapping to align PPI networks and predict conserved protein complexes

PPI networks are significant resources to determine molecular organizations in a cell. The availability of genome-wide PPI networks on diverse model species have provided a new paradigm to identify evolutionarily conserved substructures. Computational methods for cross-species comparison of PPI networks have recently been applied to prediction of conserved protein complexes. These methods use network alignment techniques by mapping homologous proteins. We propose a novel network alignment approach by semantic mapping between proteins from different species. We apply this approach to predict conserved human protein complexes by aligning yeast PPI networks representing well-studied protein complexes with a human PPI network in a genomic scale. In our experiments, we used a recently proposed integrative semantic similarity measure, simICND, for semantic mapping. The experimental results show that the proposed network alignment approach has higher accuracy on predicting human protein complexes than other clustering-based methods. The experimental results also show that the proposed approach has higher efficiency than previous network alignment algorithms. This study provides a valuable framework to discover conserved systems from a functional standpoint.
Realistic Representation of Trees in an Urban Canopy Model

A single-layer urban canopy model that captures sub-facet heterogeneity and various hydrological processes is further developed to explicitly incorporate trees within the urban canyon. The physical processes associated with trees are shortwave/longwave radiation exchange, including mutual interception and shading by trees and buildings and multiple reflections, sensible heat and latent heat (through transpiration) exchange, and root water uptake. A computationally-efficient geometric approach is applied to the radiation exchanges, requiring a priori knowledge of view factors. These view factors are first obtained from independent Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations, and subsequently simple relations, which are functions of canyon aspect ratio and tree-crown ratio, are proposed to estimate them. The developed model is evaluated against field observations at two urban sites and one suburban site, showing improved performance for latent heat flux compared to the previous version that only includes ground vegetation. The trees in the urban canopy act to considerably decrease sensible heat flux and increase latent heat flux, and these effects are found to be more significant in the more dense urban site. Sensitivity tests are then performed to examine the effects of tree geometry relative to canyon geometry. The results indicate that the tree-crown size relative to canyon width is the most influential parameter to decrease sensible heat flux and increase latent heat flux, resulting in cooling of the urban area.
Differential effects of estrogen and prolactin on DNA synthesis in organ cultures of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma.

SummaryExplants from mammary carcinoma of DMBA-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured for 5 days in medium 199 containing insulin (5 μg/ml) and corticosterone (1 μg/ml). Estradiol-17β (0.0001–10.0 μg/ml) and/or ovine prolactin (5μg/ml) in various combinations were added to the media. Media were replaced at 2 and 4 days. 3H-thymidine (0.5 μCi/ml) was added to each group of cultures 4 hr prior to termination and its rate of incorporation into DNA was used in the assessment of DNA synthesis. A highly significant increase in incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA was obtained in the prolactin-treated cultures. Estrogen, at the lower levels (0.0001–1.0 μg/ml) or at the higher levels (5.0–10.0 μg/ml), was without significant effect or inhibitory, respectively, to DNA synthesis. These data demonstrate an important role for prolactin in stimulating DNA synthesis in vitro, in contrast to estrogen, which was consistently found to be without stimulatory effect.
Effect of pictures on children’s comprehension of written text

Studies have shown that under certain conditions pictures can facilitate young children’s oral prose comprehension. Can pictures also aid comprehension when the information is presented in written form rather than orally? If so, what kinds of pictures, under what conditions? These experimenters analyzed a prose passage into 350 idea units, then interspersed throughout the text pictures depicting either the 179 main ideas or both the main ideas and the 171 nonessential details, or included no pictures. The subjects, fourth and sixth graders, wrote down all they could remember of the story immediately and again 5 days later. Pictures did facilitate both immediate and delayed recall, but only of the main ideas.
Techniques and results of aspiration cytology for diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the breast.

The use of fine needle aspiration to obtain cellular material for pathologic examination was introduced in 1930 but fell out of favor for several years. In today’s medical environment, fine needle aspiration is proving to be more efficacious and cost effective than conventional breast biopsy. The authors detail the technique, its complications, the reliability of the results and ways to improve it, and the suitability of the material for hormone receptor assays, detection of tumor-related problems, and ultrastructural study as well as for standard cytologic diagnosis.
Trastuzumab: targeted therapy for the management of HER-2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer

Breast cancers are a biologically heterogeneous group of mammary tumors with distinct natural histories and varied responses to established therapies. They have long been divided into those that are hormone sensitive [as defined by expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and/or the progesterone receptor (PR)] and those that are not. Notably, only those breast cancers that express ERalpha and/or PR typically respond to hormonal therapy with tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, or the newer agent fulvestrant. More recently, the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor HER-2/neu was identified as an oncogene overexpressed by about 30% of breast cancers. These HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers define a subset of breast tumors that are characteristically more aggressive, and women who develop them have a shorter survival. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for HER-2/neu, has revolutionized the management of metastatic HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers. As a single agent, it produces response rates similar to those of many single-agent chemotherapeutic agents active in metastatic breast cancer and has limited toxicity. Combining trastuzumab with chemotherapy can result in synergistic antitumor activity. The clear efficacy of trastuzumab against HER-2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer has led to a keen interest in testing its role in the management of early breast cancer, and multiple large clinical trials are currently in progress. This review summarizes the available clinical data on the use of trastuzumab in HER-neu-overexpressing breast cancer and briefly highlights emerging opportunities for innovative, trastuzumab-based breast cancer therapies.
An Unusual Case of Broad Ligament Malignant Tumor: Differential Diagnosis of Female Adnexal Tumor of Probable Wolffian Origin and Extraovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor

Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) and extraovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) are both exceptionally rare neoplasms with overlapping features and low-grade malignant potential. We report an unusual case of a stage IIIC malignant tumor of the broad ligament that rapidly progressed in a 29-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and fever. A computer tomography (CT) scan …
Cost-effectiveness analysis of catch-up hepatitis A vaccination among unvaccinated/partially-vaccinated children.

Abstract Background Since 2006, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination routinely for children aged 12–23 months to prevent hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. However, a substantial proportion of US children are unvaccinated and susceptible to infection. We present results of economic modeling to assess whether a one-time catch-up HepA vaccination recommendation would be cost-effective. Methods We developed a Markov model of HAV infection that followed a single cohort from birth through death (birth to age 95 years). The model compared the health and economic outcomes from catch-up vaccination interventions for children at target ages from two through 17 years vs. outcomes resulting from maintaining the current recommendation of routine vaccination at age one year with no catch-up intervention. Results Over the lifetime of the cohort, catch-up vaccination would reduce the total number of infections relative to the baseline by 741 while increasing doses of vaccine by 556,989. Catch-up vaccination would increase net costs by $10.2 million, or $2.38 per person. The incremental cost of HepA vaccine catch-up intervention at age 10 years, the midpoint of the ages modeled, was $452,239 per QALY gained. Across age-cohorts, the cost-effectiveness of catch-up vaccination is most favorable at age 12 years, resulting in an Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio of $189,000 per QALY gained. Conclusions Given the low baseline of HAV disease incidence achieved by current vaccination recommendations, our economic model suggests that a catch-up vaccination recommendation would be less cost-effective than many other vaccine interventions, and that HepA catch-up vaccination would become cost effective at a threshold of $50,000 per QALY only when incidence of HAV rises about 5.0 cases per 100,000 population.
The role of antioxidant enzymes in the control of opossum sphincter of Oddi motility

Superoxide rapidly oxidizes nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite, thus terminating the biological activity of NO. The aims of our study were to determine if superoxide alters the motor function ...
Calcification of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and carbonate ion concentration: Results from the Santa Barbara Basin

Planktonic foraminiferal calcification intensity, reflected by shell wall thickness, has been hypothesized to covary with the carbonate chemistry of seawater. Here we use both sediment trap and box core samples from the Santa Barbara Basin to evaluate the relationship between the calcification intensity of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides, measured by area density (µg/µm2), and the carbonate ion concentration of seawater ([CO32−]). We also evaluate the influence of both temperature and nutrient concentration ([PO43−]) on foraminiferal calcification and growth. The presence of two G. bulloides morphospecies with systematically different calcification properties and offset stable isotopic compositions was identified within sampling populations using distinguishing morphometric characteristics. The calcification temperature and by extension calcification depth of the more abundant “normal” G. bulloides morphospecies was determined using δ18O temperature estimates. Calcification depths vary seasonally with upwelling and were used to select the appropriate [CO32−], temperature, and [PO43−] depth measurements for comparison with area density. Seasonal upwelling in the study region also results in collinearity between independent variables complicating a straightforward statistical analysis. To address this issue, we use additional statistical diagnostics and a down core record to disentangle the respective roles of each parameter on G. bulloides calcification. Our results indicate that [CO32−] is the primary variable controlling calcification intensity while temperature influences shell size. We report a modern calibration for the normal G. bulloides morphospecies that can be used in down core studies of well-preserved sediments to estimate past [CO32−].
The use of a staggered meander line in an electrostatically focused forward-wave amplifier

In the search for improved microwave communications systems, the electron beam devices which at present form the heart of such complexes are called upon to perform in more and more rigorous environmental conditions. There is a continuing demand for small er, lighter, more rugged packages. One aspect of this trend is the desire for a beam focussing means which does not inhibit the inherent ruggedness of the device. In this respect, electrostatic focussing offers some considerable advantages over the presently available magnetic systems in terms of mechanical and temperature stability.
Psychological Distress in People with HIV/ AIDS: Prevalence Rates and Methodological Issues

Prevalence studies consistently show that most people with HIV illness do not have elevated rates of psychiatric disorder at any given time, but these studies do not permit characterization of overall levels of psychological distress in this population. This paper reviews published studies examining distress and depressive symptomatology in people with HIV/AIDS and matched comparison groups as assessed by self-report rating scales. Findings indicate that distress levels differ considerably across studies in comparison to population norms, although scores typically are not highly elevated for either seropositive or seronegative groups. Methodological issues that may explain variation across studies are discussed, including recruitment methods, composition of samples, and methods of assessing distress. It is suggested that psychological distress in those with HIV/AIDS should be examined with an understanding of the diversity of factors that can contribute to distress, as well as the differential availability of resources to cope with stressors among those infected.
Development of Thripastichus gentilei (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the Thrips Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

Abstract Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) adults induce permanent leaf folds on Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae), inside which they feed and reproduce. Range expansion of G. uzeli in North America was accompanied by Thripastichus gentilei (del Guercio) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The objectives of this study were to determine the life stage(s) of G. uzeli parasitized by T. gentilei, the emergence period of T. gentilei from parasitized thrips, and the adult longevity of T. gentilei. We also determined the development time for both parasitoid and host at a constant temperature. Leaf folds representing only 1 life stage of G. uzeli were challenged with T. gentilei adults to determine life stage susceptibility. In a growth chamber at 30 °C, we recorded the development time for the thrips host and observed the emergence period of T. gentilei from thrips. Wasps were provisioned with liquid diets to determine longevity. Development of G. uzeli required 10.3 d at 30 °C with successful ...
Structural Causes of Urban Firearm Violence: A Trauma Surgeon's View From Philadelphia.

As trauma surgeons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, we care for patients with gunshot wounds every day. We rush to the trauma bay to see them as they are brought in, often by local police officers, and quickly assess their injuries. We teach our medical students and residents to tape paperclips to their wounds, shoot x-rays, resuscitate, and operate if needed. We are experts on the incredible damage firearms cause to the human body and have worked for decades to define the management of these deadly injuries.... Language: en
Stabilizing Fluorine-π Interactions.

A series of N-arylimide molecular balances were designed to study and measure fluorine–aromatic (F–π) interactions. Fluorine substituents gave rise to increasingly more stabilizing interactions with more electron-deficient aromatic surfaces. The attractive F–π interaction is electrostatically driven and is stronger than other halogen–π interactions.
Microtubule regulation and function during virus infection

Microtubules (MTs) form a rapidly adaptable network of filaments that radiate throughout the cell. These dynamic arrays facilitate a wide range of cellular processes, including the capture, transport, and spatial organization of cargos and organelles, as well as changes in cell shape, polarity, and motility. Nucleating from MT-organizing centers, including but by no means limited to the centrosome, MTs undergo rapid transitions through phases of growth, pause, and catastrophe, continuously exploring and adapting to the intracellular environment. Subsets of MTs can become stabilized in response to environmental cues, acquiring distinguishing posttranslational modifications and performing discrete functions as specialized tracks for cargo trafficking. The dynamic behavior and organization of the MT array is regulated by MT-associated proteins (MAPs), which include a subset of highly specialized plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) that respond to signaling cues to alter MT behavior. As pathogenic cargos, viruses require MTs to transport to and from their intracellular sites of replication. While interactions with and functions for MT motor proteins are well characterized and extensively reviewed for many viruses, this review focuses on MT filaments themselves. Changes in the spatial organization and dynamics of the MT array, mediated by virus- or host-induced changes to MT regulatory proteins, not only play a central role in the intracellular transport of virus particles but also regulate a wider range of processes critical to the outcome of infection.
AMALFITANO O LA ROSA ILIMITADA DE LOS VIENTOS: LA NACIÓN IMAGINARIA EN LOS SINSABORES DEL VERDADERO POLICÍA , DE ROBERTO BOLAÑO

The present study attempts to show that through the novel Los sinsabores del verdadero policia (2011), Roberto Bolano constructs an allegory of the cracks that are caused in the symbolic frame of global geography through the figure of its protagonist, Oscar Amalfitano. From this character in constant transit through other territories, the author shows clearly the diasporic situation of a subject that represents the conflict of individuals who cross borders established in the logic of the map drawn by the West, thus constituting a violation of the configuration of national identity itself. In this approach, the figure of Amalfitano as the subject that deconstructs the Eurocentric idea of wind rose and allows the appropriation of this notion to generate an almost "archimboldiano" game: the origin of the the unlimited wind rose .
Contemporary Kantian Moral Philosophy

Rohlf reviews and assesses Allen Wood’s criticisms of John Rawls’s Kantian constructivism as a way of presenting and commenting on some core issues in contemporary Kantian moral philosophy. He argues that the most promising approach to Kantian moral philosophy incorporates elements of both Rawls’s and Wood’s accounts, specifically Rawls’s constructivist view of moral judgment and Wood’s metaethical realist interpretation, but in the context of a conception of ethical theory that lies somewhere between Rawls’s and Wood’s.
Palliative care and end-of-life health care utilization of pancreatic cancer patients at an urban safety-net hospital.

489Background: There has been an increase in Palliative care utilization in cancer patients. We examined trends of palliative care and intensive care utilization in pancreatic cancer patients in an...
blindBike: an assistive bike navigation system for low-vision persons

blindBike is a system that uses multiple sensors including a smartphone camera, gyroscope, gps sensors and a cadence sensor to assist in the process of bicycle driving and navigation for people with low vision. We propose that with the assistance of blindBike it may be possible for those with low vision to be mobile at a new level. However, blindBike can also be assistive to those with normal vision. Through the use of today’s smartphones, the blindBike app can affordably assist with navigation and Road Following. This work focuses on the road following and intersection assistance modules.
The normal spectral emissivity of liquid cerium-copper alloys

The normal spectral emissivities (⋋ = 0.645 nm) of liquid Ce-Cu alloys were measured over the complete range of composition by the integral blackbody comparison method. Composition analyses of the solidified and segmented samples confirmed their homogeneity. It was found that the observed values of the normal spectral emissivity for every composition was constant over the experimental temperature range studied. The composition dependence of the emissivity can be expressed by the equation∃ nλ= 0.2920−0.0650X + 0.2242X 2 + 1.1381X 3-1.4773X 4 where∃ nλ is the normal spectral emissivity at λ = 0.645 Μ andX is the mole fraction of copper.
Pulmonary pressures and death in heart failure: a community study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine among community patients with heart failure (HF) whether pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) assessed by Doppler echocardiography was as...
Protocols for Expeditious, Cost‐Effective Commercial Arbitration: Key Action Steps for Business Users, Counsel, Arbitrators & Arbitration Provider Institutions

Despite meaningful efforts to promote better practices and ensure quality among arbitrators and advocates, criticism of American commercial arbitration is at a crescendo. Much of this criticism stems from the fact that business‐to‐business arbitration has taken on the trappings of litigation — extensive discovery and motion practice, highly contentious advocacy, long cycle time and high cost. While many business users still prefer arbitration to court trial because of other procedural advantages, the great majority of complaints being voiced by arbitration users are the same: commercial arbitration now costs just as much, and takes just as long, as litigation. Clients and counsel often wonder aloud what happened to the economical and efficient alternative to the courtroom. While much has been done to improve the understanding of business users and the performance of arbitration provider institutions, advocates and arbitrators, much more can be done. The Protocols for Expeditious,Cost‐Effective Commercial Arbitration were developed in order to encourage more effective use of arbitration by business clients and counsel and enhance the performance of legal advocates, arbitrators and arbitration provider organizations.
Paternity Leave and Parental Relationships: Variations by Gender and Mothers' Work Statuses

Objective This study examines the associations between paternity leave and parents' reports of relationship satisfaction and relationship conflict, and whether the associations vary by parent gender and mothers' work statuses. Background Paternity leave research in the U.S. has focused on implications for father involvement, but paternity leave may also help to strengthen parental relationships by promoting a more equitable division of domestic labor. Given gender gaps in childcare, the association between paternity leave and parental relationship outcomes may also vary by gender and mothers' work statuses. Method The sample consists of 4,700 couples (i.e., parent dyads) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Multilevel models are used to assess the associations between paternity leave and both relationship satisfaction and conflict, and whether these associations vary by gender and mothers' work statuses. Results Paternity leave-taking is positively associated with parents' reports of relationship satisfaction, but length of paternity leave is only positively associated with mothers' reports of relationship satisfaction. Also, among mothers who worked prior to the child's birth, paternity leave-taking and length of leave are negatively associated with their reports of relationship conflict. In contrast, among mothers who did not work in paid labor pre-birth, paternity leave is positively associated with mothers' reports of relationship conflict. Conclusion Paternity leave may have implications for parental relationships (and especially mothers' perceptions of their relationships with fathers).
Citizenship and Allegiance in Constitutional and International Law

The recent report on Citizenship of the United States, Expatriation, and Protection Abroad, together with the work of Mr. Van Dyne on Citizenship of the United States, and the invaluable Digest of International Law, by Prof. John Bassett Moore, render easily accessible and readily comprehensible the principles of the American law with reference to the status of our citizens and of aliens for the time being within our territorial limits. At the same time, however, these publications make more evident the fact that, in many instances, the conflicting claims of two or more states upon the same individual are settled rather by mutual concessions than upon principle; that legal and political rights are asserted, but with an understanding, more or less explicit, that under given circumstances they will not be exercised. Thus, by a legislative act, legally binding upon our executive and judicial officers, we have declared the right of the individual to expatriate himself to be an absolute and indefeasible one, and that the naturalized American citizen is to have the same rights and is to receive the same protection as the native-born citizen, whether or not the state of original allegiance consents to the expatriation thus involved. In practice, this law, thus formally declared, has never been rigidly enforced, for the very good reason that to attempt to do so would lead to constant and serious international difficulties.
Iodide-induced Hyperthyroidism Within Four Hours of Iodide Load: A Case Report and Review.

The recommended amount of iodide consumption for the majority of adults is approximately 150 mcg per day. During a computed tomography scan, patients can receive 14 to 35 million mcg of iodinated contrast. A 46-year-old African female with no known prior thyroid disease presented with dyspnea and tachycardia. She underwent computed tomography angiogram of the chest to rule out pulmonary embolism. She had evidence of hyperthyroidism four hours after receiving iodinated contrast. We presumed that her hyperthyroidism was a consequence of the Jod-Basedow phenomenon due to an underlying multinodular goiter that was later discovered.