cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine contraceptive devices in women with proven fertility: a 5-year follow-up study.

Between December 1962 and January 1968 301 private patients (ages 17-34) were inserted with either the Lippes loop or the Margulies spiral; the latter being abandoned after 1 year due to frequency of bleeding and irritation to husband during intercourse. While the study was limited (1st 3 years) to women with 2 or more children who were living with their husbands it has since been expanded to include 3 nulliparous women and 14 with a parity of 1. All women attended preinsertion lectures since patient orientation is considered necessary to reduce the number of IUD removals. Follow-up in the 1st 4 years consisted of examination 1 month after insertion followed by regular 6-month checkups; follow-up was later done by telephone conversation. Results based on 642 woman-years of use show 30 removals for bleeding and pain 6 due to lack of confidence 2 because of infection 7 for hysterectomies 13 for desired pregnancies 1 because of endometriosis 8 no longer needed the device and 10 were lost to follow-up. From a study group of 269 192 (71%) devices remained in place. The pregnancy rate was 3.2/100 woman-years of use.
Reduction in body temperature using hand cooling versus passive rest after exercise in the heat.

Objectives: To examine the effects of hydration and hand cooling on lowering body temperature after exercise in the heat. Design: Randomized cross-over design. Methods: Nine recreationally active male participants (mean ± SD; age, 24 ± 4; height, 177.3 ± 9.9 cm; body mass, 76.7 ± 11.6 kg; body fat, 14.7 ± 5.8%) completed a bout of treadmill exercise in a hot environment. After completion of exercise, participants were assigned to the following trials for post-exercise cooling: (1) hydrated with passive rest (HY), (2) hydrated with hand cooling on both hands (HY + 2HC), (3) dehydrated with passive rest (DY), and (4) dehydrated with hand cooling on both hands (DY + 2HC). Within subject differences were assessed using a three-way (Hydration × Condition × Time) repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis if significant interactions were found. Results: Irrespective of hydration status, hand cooling on both hands resulted in significantly greater reductions in TREC than passive cooling at minute 20 (0.27°C [0.05, 0.49], ES = 2.08, p = 0.017) (Fig. 1). The reduction in TREC at minute 18 trended towards statistical significance (0.21°C [.003, .42], ES = 1.59, p = 0.053). Hydration status alone and when differentiated among modes of cooling showed no differences on changes of TREC or heart rate across all conditions during post exercise recovery (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Hand cooling on both hands reduced TREC more than passive cooling, however, the cooling rates observed render hand cooling a poor option for cooling. Greater reductions in TREC after exercise or between bouts of exercise may enhance recovery and subsequent performance.
Abstract 3752: Performance Of Color ADC Maps As A Prognostic Tool In Comatose Post-cardiac Arrest Patients

Background: Predicting outcome for comatose post-cardiac arrest survivors is challenging and compounded by the use of therapeutic hypothermia and sedative agents in recent years. Previous studies suggest that brain abnormalities on MRI are predictive for poor outcome. MRI based predictive factors are attractive because they are not affected by drugs or metabolic derangements; however, most of the methods proposed require image post-processing with specialized software. We assessed the prognostic value of color apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in a prospective study. Methods: Consecutive patients who remained comatose after cardiac arrest were prospectively enrolled. Color ADC maps were created by assigning computed ADC values to 8 colors of spectrum ranging from red to blue (Figure). The color ADC maps were not available to the clinical teams caring for the patient. Two raters (a neurocritical care/stroke neurologist and a medical student) independently and blinded reviewed the color ADC maps and predicted 3 month outcome as poor (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 1 or 2), impaired (GOS=3) or good (GOS of 4 or 5). Both raters were “trained” by viewing 4 examples of patients with good, impaired and poor outcomes. A 3 month GOS of 3-5 was considered a favorable outcome. The agreement between raters and the predictive performance of the color ADC maps were assessed. Results: 112 color ADC maps of 94 patients (56% with poor, 12% with impaired, and 32% with good outcome) were reviewed: age 59±15 years, 36% females, 69% underwent therapeutic hypothermia, median (IQR) arrest duration 20min (14-30), and time between the arrest and MRI 82hours (60-141). Kappa with quadratic weighting for agreement on predicting all 3 levels of outcomes was 0.74, while kappa for favorable vs. unfavorable outcome was 0.76. For the two reviewers, the sensitivity for predicting poor outcome was 0.85 (95%CI 0.73-0.92) and 0.78 (0.66-0.87), the specificity 0.81(0.66-0.90) and 0.74(0.59-0.86), and the true positive predictive rate 86% (74-93%) and 81% (69-89%), respectively. After excluding early (≤24 hours) and late (>120 hours) scans (ADC changes are time dependent and most apparent after day 1 and before day 6), the specificity improved to 0.87 (0.68-0.96) and 0.77 (0.57-0.89), respectively. Conclusion: MRI color ADC maps hold promise as a useful and easy to interpret adjunct for predicting outcome of comatose post-cardiac arrest patients in the first few days after the arrest. Since these maps do not require post-processing and can be created in real-time, they can easily be implemented in the clinical setting.
Emerging Methods of Optical Biomechanics in Cardiology and Ophthalmology

In this talk I overview recent progress made in the field of Optical Coherence Elastography in quantitative imaging of ocular and cardiac tissues.
Replacement names for Chapinia and Ripleyia (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae).

Earlier this year, two of us (GV & RB) introduced the genus-group names Chapinia and Ripleyia (in Voelker et al . 2016) for two species of African flycatchers allied to Muscicapa . We recently became aware that both of these genus-group names are preoccupied within Animalia ( Chapinia by Chapinia Ewing, 1927 [Insecta: Phthiraptera] and Ripleyia by Ripleyia Cossman, 1920 [Mollusca]), rendering them junior homonyms. Following Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) we herein provide replacement names for the two generic names introduced in Voelker et al . (2016).
Analysis of Helicopter Patrol Application Prospect in China's UHV Grid

The UHV grid of the immediate future will cover all over our country.The UHV transmission lines have such characteristics as longer distance,more complex environment along the lines and higher tower etc.So the conventional patrol method for transmission will be unsuitable for UHV transmission's maintenance requires.Helicopter patrol method has a lot of advantages,such as speediness,little clime limitation and etc.This method can well and truly finds defects of UHV transmission lines.So helicopter patrol method will has wider application foreground.This paper introduces domestic an oversea application status in quo of helicopter patrol in detail.And this paper also analyzes its application foreground.The analysis between conventional patrol method and helicopter patrol method,patrol efficiency,which is from such aspect as patrol speed,patrol district,patrol quality,patrol efficiency,were entirely compared in this paper.And the helicopter patrol expense is more and more low according to the our country's UHV grid's development and construction.So through the above comprehensive analysis,helicopter patrol method not only has obvious advantage in technology,but also has obviously economic benefits.To improve the UHV transmission line's maintenance quality and efficiency,this paper proposed that the future patrol method should transfer from "patrol method mainly depended on manual" to "patrol method mainly depended on helicopter,manual patrol method only as a supplementary method".According to conclusion this paper presented operational management mode for UHV transmission lines of the immediate future.
Internet Banking Supervision Law and Its International Practice Enlightenment

With the rise and development of online banking,online banking how to build and improve its supervision of the legal system to effectively monitor the international community one of the major issues of common concern.Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in the online banking area of risk and regulation provides a number of important principles for reference,the developed countries and areas of active exploration in this area also provides a number of valuable experience.This paper theoretically developed countries and regions online banking supervision law to inspect and analyze the international practice,and illustrates the legal regulation of these online banking international practice for the full build and improve our online banking supervision legal system an important inspiration.
A Routing Lookup Algorithm Based on Fast Search Trees

This paper describes a novel algorithm for implementing high speed IP routing lookups which splits the route rules into several subsets according to the prefix length distributions and constructs fast search trees for each subset. Using the hash compression index tables and Bloom Filters the speed of lookup is improved dramatically. This scheme can be easily implemented in hardware using a pipeline fashion and the results of the experimental and application show that it is practical and efficient. This approach is equally attractive for IPv6.
Uncovering variation in the patterns of aging.

Do all species experience the declines of old age? No. Do we currently have theories that accurately predict which species escape these declines? In PNAS, Warner et al. (1) demonstrate that the answer to this question is also “no.” Understanding the breadth and diversity of the patterns of aging across the tree of life is central to life history evolution, and recent studies demonstrate that there is considerable variation in the age trajectories of traits across species (2⇓–4). In general, the decline in function and increase in mortality that is associated with increasing age is expected, according to classic evolutionary theories, because of the decline in the strength of selection with age (5⇓–7). In other words, the alleles that predispose us to heart disease or dementia have effects primarily at late ages, after we have reproduced, thus their impact on Darwinian fitness is minimal and these deleterious traits—and many others like them—persist. In natural populations, as we look across species, a central premise of the evolutionary theories of aging is that the rate of aging in different species will depend on levels of environmentally imposed mortality (7). All living organisms are subject to a constant risk of mortality posed by accidents, predation, and disease. This environmental, or extrinsic, mortality will influence the probability that individuals will survive to a given age. The hypothesis is that species with the highest levels of environmental mortality should evolve high levels of early reproduction and rapid aging. Conversely, slower rates of aging … [↵][1]1Email: droach{at}virginia.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Delayed Gratification Party Competition for White House Control in the U.S. House of Representatives

Americans expect the president to lead Congress, but Congress’s partisan divide typically widens on presidential priorities. More often, presidents are reduced to leading their copartisans rather t...
Modulation of the metastatic phenotype by 13-cis-retinoic acid.

KLN 205 murine squamous carcinoma cells were grown in medium supplemented with the retinoid 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA) to study the relationship between RA-induced cell surface changes and alterations of the metastatic phenotype. Modulation of the cell surface glycoconjugate expression was measured by flow cytometric analysis of the RA-treated tumor cells stained with fluoresceinated lectins. RA treatment (5 X 10(-6) and 5 X 10(-7) M) altered the glycoconjugate expression of KLN 205 cells in a selective, dose-dependent fashion. Tumor cells grown in RA-supplemented medium for more than 4 days demonstrated greatly increased binding of fluoresceinated Griffonia simplicifolia I lectin, peanut lectin, wheat-germ lectin, concanavalin A, and soybean lectin (P less than .001), but the increased binding of Ulex europaeus lectin was of a much smaller magnitude (P = .02). After 15 days of growth in these noncytotoxic or cytostatic concentrations of RA, malignant KLN 205 cells had a greatly decreased proclivity to metastasize, as measured by the lung colony assay (P = .0003). The RA-induced cell surface glycoconjugate changes preceded the decrease in experimental metastatic potential. Since enzymatic (neuraminidase) alteration of the tumor cell surface to produce glycoconjugate expression similar to that seen in RA-treated cells also reduced the ability of the KLN 205 cells to form lung colonies (P = .0022), it is suggested that RA-induced alteration of the cell surface carbohydrate antigens is related to the decreased experimental metastatic potential seen in tumor cells treated with RA.
Effect of Exposure to UVA Radiation on Photosynthesis and Isoprene Emission in Populus × Euroamericana

Isoprene, which accounts for about 40% of the global emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds, plays a dual role in the plant-environment interactions. Outside the plants, isoprene can substantially increase the amount of tropospheric ozone in the atmosphere, whereas in plants isoprene plays a protective role under different stress conditions. The magnitude of isoprene emissions may be altered by increasing UVA radiation. We examined the effects of acute UVA radiation on carbon assimilation, isoprene emission, and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) in Populus × euroamericana saplings. Plants were exposed to either ambient UVA (30 W m−2) or enhanced UVA (60, 90 and 120 W m−2) radiation until the treated leaves had shown stable values of photosynthesis. Our results show that the inhibition of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance induced by high UVA radiation was mirrored by similar reduction in PRI. In contrast, isoprene emission was strongly stimulated by increasing doses of UVA radiation, confirming that isoprene formation may have direct or indirect functions in increasing plant tolerance to stresses. These findings may be likely relevant to predict the emissions of isoprenoid in globally changing environmental condition, global atmospheric chemistry, carbon cycles and climate.
Targeting the PI3 Kinase-mTOR Signaling Pathway in AML

Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated over the last 10 years that alterations in signal transduction pathways add to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In particular, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is constitutively activated in AML cell lines and primary cells. However, in contrast to the dramatic efficacy of ABL kinase inhibitors in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), single agent signal transduction inhibitors (STIs) have had modest success in the therapy of AML in most patients. The pattern that emerges is of intermittent success that is not sustained. These observations suggest that, in contrast to the relative homogeneity of signaling in CML cells, the control of growth deregulation in AML is complex with both patient to patient variation and cell to cell variation in a single patient (tumor diversity). In this chapter, we will summarize the results of clinical trials of mTOR inhibitors and other inhibitors of protein translation. We will, in particular, summarize the recent methodological advances that will allow for better definition of variations in signaling and may provide an opportunity for development of biomarkers for selection of appropriate signaling inhibitors for specific patients. Finally, we propose that the way forward in STI-based therapy of AML will be through combinations of inhibitors that attack the signaling heterogeneity in AML allowing for more effective and sustained responses.
Framework and implementation for improving physics essential skills via computer-based practice: Vector math

Interleaved practice using computer-based mastery instruction with immediate feedback can lead to improved accuracy and fluency in the use of basic skills.
Indexing a contrast: The do-construction in English conversation

Abstract This conversation-analytic paper reports on the structure and interactional use of what I term the ‘do-construction’ in English-language conversation: Utterances such as The kids do eat cake (cf. The kids eat cake). The argument developed here is that, at its core, the do-construction is used to index a contrast with a prior understanding. As will be shown, this prior understanding can be overtly demonstrated or merely presumed or potential, and it may be the understanding of the speaker him/herself, or that of the recipient. Similarly, the do-construction can be seen in a variety of sequential positions, and in conjunction with a range of social actions. Nonetheless, what binds this diversity of cases together is the use of the do-construction to introduce content into the interaction in a way that actively orients to a contrastive understanding. After establishing the contrastive work that this resource accomplishes as a general feature of turn design, we then consider how the use of the do-construction can be seen to be relevant to specific sequences of action. I conclude with a discussion of the relationship between the grammatical construction analyzed here and other-correction, and comment on some related resources for indexing contrasts in English.
ASFA Category IV becomes Category I: Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with presumed gemcitabine‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy

In the implementation of American Society for Apheresis national guidelines, the decision for therapeutic plasma exchange may be confounded by a clinical presentation that fits both a Category I and IV designation. We report the case of a 45-year-old female who presented with concern for a Category IV disorder, gemcitabine-induced thrombotic microangiopathy, and was ultimately diagnosed with a Category I disorder, idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This case highlights the importance of ruling out idiopathic TTP by a thorough evaluation for ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor, even when an alternate thrombotic microangiopathy diagnosis may be likely.
Chemically and physically robust, commercially-viable iron-based composite oxygen carriers sustainable over 3000 redox cycles at high temperatures for chemical looping applications

High attrition of oxygen carriers from ionic diffusion induced morphological changes is one of the most serious obstacles inhibiting commercialization of chemical looping processes. By confining active oxygen carriers in an Al-based skeleton, a low-cost oxygen carrier achieving high chemical and physical stability over 3000 TGA redox cycles with exceptional attrition resistance and reactivity in a high pressure and temperature, chemical looping moving bed pilot plant, is enabled for commercial implementation.
Ideal particle sizes for inhaled steroids targeting vocal granulomas: preliminary study using computational fluid dynamics

Objectives Vocal fold granulomas are benign lesions of the larynx commonly caused by gastroesophageal reflux, intubation, and phonotrauma. Current medical therapy includes inhaled corticosteroids to target inflammation that leads to granuloma formation. Particle sizes of commonly prescribed inhalers range over 1 to 4 µm. The study objective was to use computational fluid dynamics to investigate deposition patterns over a range of particle sizes of inhaled corticosteroids targeting the larynx and vocal fold granulomas. Study Design Retrospective, case-specific computational study. Setting Tertiary academic center. Subjects/Methods A 3-dimensional anatomically realistic computational model of a normal adult airway from mouth to trachea was constructed from 3 computed tomography scans. Virtual granulomas of varying sizes and positions along the vocal fold were incorporated into the base model. Assuming steady-state, inspiratory, turbulent airflow at 30 L/min, computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate respiratory transport and deposition of inhaled corticosteroid particles ranging over 1 to 20 µm. Results Laryngeal deposition in the base model peaked for particle sizes 8 to 10 µm (2.8%-3.5%). Ideal sizes ranged over 6 to 10, 7 to 13, and 7 to 14 µm for small, medium, and large granuloma sizes, respectively. Glottic deposition was maximal at 10.8% for 9-µm-sized particles for the large posterior granuloma, 3 times the normal model (3.5%). Conclusion As the virtual granuloma size increased and the location became more posterior, glottic deposition and ideal particle size generally increased. This preliminary study suggests that inhalers with larger particle sizes, such as fluticasone propionate dry-powder inhaler, may improve laryngeal drug deposition. Most commercially available inhalers have smaller particles than suggested here.
Why Neither Samuelson’s Neoclassical Synthesis Keynesianism Nor New Keynesianism Theory Is Compatible with Keynes’s General Theory Explanation of the Cause of Unemployment

Paul Davidson continues in this chapter, under the title ‘Why Neither Samuelson’s Neoclassical Synthesis Keynesianism Nor New Keynesianism Theory Is Compatible with Keynes’s General Theory’. This chapter demonstrates that the specified presumptions underlying Neoclassical Synthesis Keynesian Theory and New Keynesian Theory are in direct conflict with Keynes’s statements regarding the foundation of his theory of involuntary unemployment. Stickiness of wages, and/or administered prices, is their fundamental cause of involuntary unemployment. Keynes’s essential properties are that (1) all liquid assets have a zero elasticity of production and therefore are nonproducible and (2) the elasticity of substitution between all liquid assets and producible goods and services is zero. Thus, when people put their savings out of current income into the form of liquid assets, these savings find a resting place in nonproducibles even if all wages and prices are perfectly flexible. Consequently, every penny saved is a penny not earned by workers and enterprises that produce goods and services. In other words, in Keynes’s general theory, sticky money wages and/or administered prices are not the fundamental cause of unemployment.
Acute Urinary Tract Conditions in Adults: Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging

Many imaging studies for urinary tract emergencies are available; however, evidence has been complied to determining studies that are more useful in the acute setting. Non-contrast computed tomography is the best test for the identification of urinary tract stones, and ultrasound may be used to diagnose hydronephrosis and guide management in the emergent setting. Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections are primarily diagnosed clinically. Imaging may be performed if the clinical situation is uncertain or if other diseases are suspected with contrast-enhanced computed tomography being the imaging test of choice. Imaging is not routinely indicated for upper urinary tract infections unless a complication is suspected; contrast-enhanced computed tomography again is the preferred imaging test to diagnose complications of an upper urinary tract infection. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are considered first-line imaging modalities for suspected renal colic or complications of urinary tract infections in patients with iodinated contrast allergies or pregnant patients (ultrasound or non-contrast MRI).
Molecular Sieve Coated Saw Device for the Detection of Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Water

158 MHz SAW oscillators coated with organic polymers and zeolites were tested as sensors for monitoring the level of humidity and carbon dioxide in a flowing stream of nitrogen. All coatings exhibited responses to water vapor on the order of kilohertz frequency shifts, while the responses to carbon dioxide were significantly (generally one order of magnitude) smaller. The presence of CO2 dramatically interfered with the detection of water with poly-(ethylenimine) (PEI) coatings. Poly-vinyl pyridine (PVP) coatings showed large responses to water without any interference from CO2; CO2 produced little response whether water was present or not. ZSM-5 coatings also showed no evidence of interference between water and CO2; a detectable response for CO2 is possible in humid nitrogen.
Improving the Efficiency of Treatment of Children with Cystic Fibrosis by Including Pulmozyme to Standard Therapy

Проаналізована ефективність лікування протягом року 12 дітей, хворих на муковісцидоз, препаратом Пульмозим на тлі стандартної терапії. Порівняно з лікуванням 20 хворих на муковісцидоз, які отримували стандартну терапію, встановлено: зменшення частоти загострень муковісцидозу, гострих респіраторних захворювань, покращення функції зовнішнього дихання та роботи серцево-судинної системи, що позитивно вплинуло на рівень успішності в школі. Це дозволяє рекомендувати постійне використання препарату Пульмозим для лікування дітей, хворих на муковісцидоз, щонайменше протягом одного року.
Synchrotron-based measurement of aluminum agglomerates at motor conditions

Abstract Solid rocket propellant combustion is hindered by agglomeration of aluminum particles on its burning surface and determining the particle size has been a problem for half a century. The actual size of the agglomerates at motor pressures is unknown due to the opacity of the combustion plume, particularly at the elevated pressures seen in operational rocket motors. Sampling techniques can provide data at elevated pressure but may be biased due to the sampling method and do not provide information on the dynamics of agglomerate formation. This study uses time-resolved synchrotron x-ray imaging (with both absorption and phase contrast) to view aluminum agglomerate formation in situ at relevant rocket pressures. We have for the first time observed agglomerate formation at motor-relevant pressures in real time with unprecedented fidelity, providing critical data for understanding the combustion of aluminized solid rocket propellants.
Origins of Texture Formation

As we discussed in Chaps. 5 and 6, texture is divided into several classes: single crystal, biaxial, fiber, and random polycrystalline structures. The mechanisms that lead to these different textures are rather complex. They depend on the nature of the substrate (for example, crystalline vs amorphous), substrate temperature, deposition rate, flux energetics, impurities, and deposition geometry. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of some of the most commonly known mechanisms that lead to these different textures. However, in general, fundamental understanding of many of these texture formations is far from complete. Because of the fundamental and technological implications, this is a very rich, exciting area of research, and it likely will continue to be so for many years to come.
Sorption of Benzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Dichloromethane, and Chloroform by Polyethylene Glycol, Polycaprolactone, and their Triblock Copolymers at 298.15 K Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Using a quartz crystal microbalance, the sorption of several different solvents, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, and chloroform in three triblocks of the homopolymers polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were observed at 298.15 K. The solvent–polymer interaction was modeled using a modified Flory–Huggins equation and weight-based activity coefficients at infinite dilution were obtained from it to study the trend as the PCL/PEG ratio increases in the triblock copolymer system.
Production Variability and Categorical Perception of Vowels Are Strongly Linked.

Theoretical models of speech production suggest that the speech motor system uses auditory goals to determine errors in its auditory output during vowel production. This type of error calculation indicates that within-speaker production variability of a given vowel is related to the size of the vowel’s auditory goal. However, emerging evidence suggests that the speech motor system may also take into account perceptual knowledge of vowel categories (in addition to auditory goals) to estimate errors in auditory feedback. In this study, we examined how this mechanism influences within-speaker variability in vowel production. We conducted a study (n = 40 adults), consisting of a vowel categorization task and a vowel production task. The vowel categorization task was designed—based on participant-specific vowels—to estimate the categorical perceptual boundary between two front vowels (/ɛ/ and /ae/). Using the vowel production data of each participant, we calculated a variability-based boundary located at the “center of mass” of the two vowels. The inverse of the standard deviation of a vowel distribution was used as the “mass” of the vowel. We found that a) categorical boundary was located farther from more variable vowels, and b) the calculated variability-based boundary (i.e., the center of mass of the vowels) significantly and positively correlated with the estimated categorical boundary (r = .912 for formants calculated in hertz; r = .854 for formants calculated in bark). Overall, our findings support a view that vowel production and vowel perception are strongly and bidirectionally linked.
Periarteritis Nodosa with Perforation of the Colon: a Rare Complication Report of 2 Cases

Two cases of periarteritis nodosa (PAN), complicated by perforation of the colon and death from generalized peritonitis, are reported. One patient had been on long-term steroid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Transient thermoporoelastic model under local thermal non-equilibrium

Abstract Wellbore stability is a key challenge for oil and gas industry since it adds a great deal of additional cost to the industry. Traditional wellbore stability models such as elastic and poroelastic models may not produce reliable stress field around a wellbore since they consider isothermal wellbore condition. During the drilling phase, the drilling fluid temperature is different from the formation temperature due to geothermal gradient and circulation of the fluid inside the wellbore. Therefore, the assumption of isothermal condition will not predict the correct wellbore stability condition, especially for high pressure and high temperature wells. Hence, consideration of a thermoporoelastic model in stress estimation is more appropriate. Although there are several thermoporoelastic models in the literature, they employ the assumption of local thermal equilibrium (LTE) in their modeling. However, thermal properties of phases in a porous medium are rarely similar. This dissimilarity evokes the validation of LTE assumption. The local thermal non-equilibrium assumption ignores additional pore and thermal stresses in the porous medium caused by temperature variations of the fluid and solid phases. Under pure heat conduction, LTE is valid if thermal boundary conditions in a medium is constant or thermal conductivities of phases are similar according to Vadasz (2005) 1 . Hence, using a local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) approach is required to establish each phase temperature, and update thermoporoelastic model accordingly. In this paper, the effects of induced thermal stresses on wellbore stress resolution and LTNE on thermoporoelastic model around a wellbore during drilling phase are investigated in low and high permeable formations. The LTNE thermoporoelastic model developed herein is a transient model considering conductive and convective heat transfers.
Outcomes after simultaneous kidney-pancreas versus pancreas after kidney transplantation in the current era.

Simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) and pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplant are both potential options for diabetic ESRD patients. Historically, PAK pancreas graft outcomes were felt to be inferior to SPK pancreas graft outcomes. Little is known about outcomes in the modern era of transplantation. We analyzed our SPK and PAK recipients transplanted between 01/2000 and 12/2016. There were a total of 635 pancreas and kidney transplant recipients during the study period, 611 SPK and 24 PAK. Twelve of the PAK patients received a living donor kidney. There were no significant differences between the two groups in kidney or pancreas graft rejection at 1 year. Similarly, 1-year graft survival for both organs was not different. At last follow-up, uncensored and death-censored graft survival was not statistically different for kidney or pancreas grafts. In addition, in Cox regression analysis SPK and PAK were associated with similar graft survival. Although the majority of pancreas transplants are in the form of SPK, PAK is an acceptable alternative. Simultaneous pancreas and kidney avoids donor risks associated with live donation, so may be preferable in regions with short wait times, but PAK with a living donor kidney may be the best alternative in regions with long SPK wait times.
Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma with and without skeletal-related events.

AimTo compare healthcare resource use and costs between newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients with and without skeletal-related events (SREs).MethodsAdults newly diagnosed with MM (1 Jan...
Laser processing of plasmonic metal oxides and phase change materials

Plasmonic materials have attracted great attention due to their ability to enhance light-matter interactions. Noble metals such as Au and Ag have been well studied as materials for plasmonic devices. However, these metals are not suitable for mid infrared (IR) plasmonic applications due to their relatively large optical losses, which are detrimental to device efficiency. Metal oxides, on the other hand, have been proposed for low loss metallic components in the mid IR because they can provide a tunable carrier density by varying the concentration of dopants or defects (oxygen vacancies). The epsilon-near zero wavelength of the real part of the dielectric permittivity of these metal oxides, for example, can easily be tuned from 1.5 μm to 4 μm by adjusting doping or defect levels. Optical losses in devices made from these metal oxide materials generally exhibit lower losses than those obtained with conventional metals. We have investigated laser processing techniques for synthesizing several types of metal oxides such as indium tin oxide and phase change materials such as VO2. First, pulsed laser deposition was used to grow these oxide thin films. Second, an ultrafast laser was used to spatially pattern the thin films via a direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) configuration while simultaneously producing laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) resulting in a uniaxial surface morphology. We will present details of the laser processing conditions on surface morphology, electrical, and optical properties of these laser processed metal oxide films.
Genome Sequence of the Alphaproteobacterium Blastochloris sulfoviridis DSM 729, Which Requires Reduced Sulfur as a Growth Supplement and Contains Bacteriochlorophyll b.

ABSTRACT The genome sequence of Blastochloris sulfoviridis is 3.85 Mb with a GC content of 68%. Its nearest relative is B.tepida (average nucleotide identity [ANI], 91.5%), followed by B.viridis (ANI, 83%). According to ANI and whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis, the nearest relatives of Blastochloris are Rhodoplanes and Rhodopseudomonas, confirming the recognition of distinct genera.
Locked and (Un)-Loaded Discussions: A Pediatric Resident Safe Firearm Storage Counseling Curriculum.

Introduction Firearm-related fatalities are a public health crisis. Despite recognizing the vital nature of counseling parents/caregivers regarding firearm safety, residents remain uncomfortable as...
Maternal diet in pregnancy is associated with differences in child body mass index trajectories from birth to adolescence.

Background Nutrition in pregnancy and accelerated childhood growth are important predictors of obesity risk. Yet, it is unknown which dietary patterns in pregnancy are associated with accelerated growth and whether there are specific periods from birth to adolescence that are most sensitive to these associations. Objectives To examine the extent to which 3 dietary indices in pregnancy [Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS)] are associated with child BMI z-score (BMI-z) trajectories from birth to adolescence. Methods We examined 1459 mother-child dyads from Project Viva that had FFQ data in pregnancy and ≥3 child BMI-z measurements between birth and adolescence. We used linear spline mixed-effects models to examine whether BMI-z growth rates and BMI z-scores differed by quartile of each dietary index from birth to 1 mo, 1-6 mo, 6 mo to 3 y, 3-10 y, and >10 y. Results The means ± SDs for DII (range, -9 to +8 units), AHEI-P (range, 0-90 points), and MDS (range, 0-9 points) were -2.6 ± 1.4 units, 61 ± 10 points, and 4.6 ± 2.0 points, respectively. In adjusted models, children of women in the highest (vs. lowest) DII quartile had higher BMI-z growth rates between 3-10 y (β, 0.03 SD units/y; 95% CI: 0.00-0.06) and higher BMI z-scores from 7 y through 10 y. Children of women with low adherence to a Mediterranean diet had higher BMI z-scores from 3 y through 15 y. Associations of AHEI-P with growth rates and BMI z-scores from birth through adolescence were null. Conclusions A higher DII and a lower MDS in pregnancy, but not AHEI-P results, are associated with higher BMI-z trajectories during distinct growth periods from birth through adolescence. Identifying the specific dietary patterns in pregnancy associated with rapid weight gain in children could inform strategies to reduce child obesity.
Encapsulating bacteria in alginate-based electrospun nanofibers

Encapsulation technologies are imperative for the safe delivery of live bacteria into the gut where they regulate bodily functions and human health. In this study, we develop alginate-based nanofibers that could potentially serve as a biocompatible, edible probiotic delivery system. By systematically exploring the ratio of three components, the biopolymer alginate (SA), the carrier polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and the FDA approved surfactant polysorbate 80 (PS80), the surface tension and conductivity of the precursor solutions were optimized to electrospin bead-free fibers with an average diameter of 167 ± 23 nm. Next, the optimized precursor solution (2.8/1.2/3 wt% of SA/PEO/PS80) was loaded with Escherichia coli (E. coli, 108 CFU mL-1), which served as our model bacterium. We determined that the bacteria in the precursor solution remained viable after passing through a typical electric field (∼1 kV cm-1) employed during electrospinning. This is because the microbes are pulled into a sink-like flow, which encapsulates them into the polymer nanofibers. Upon electrospinning the E. coli-loaded solutions, beads that were much smaller than the size of an E. coli were initially observed. To compensate for the addition of bacteria, the SA/PEO/PS80 weight ratio was reoptimized to be 2.5/1.5/3. Smooth fibers with bulges around the live microbes were formed, as confirmed using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. By dissolving and plating the nanofibers, we found that 2.74 × 105 CFU g-1 of live E. coli cells were contained within the alginate-based fibers. This work demonstrates the use of electrospinning to encapsulate live bacteria in alginate-based nanofibers for the potential delivery of probiotics to the gut.
Abstract P134: Preliminary Data: Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Extend Dry Static Apnea Or Wingate Performance

Introduction: Previous studies have examined dietary nitrate supplementation and its effects on dry static apnea, and peak power. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been found to increase maximal ...
“Yesterday once more:” IP film, phantom/fandom of music, and the youthful (re)turn of Chinese cinema in the age of new digital media

China in the second decade of the twenty-first century has seen an upsurge of coming-of-age cinematic narratives by a cohort of Millennial filmmakers—referenced in Chinese discursively as the post-...
Linear Classifiers that Encourage Constructive Adaptation

Machine learning systems are often used in settings where individuals adapt their features to obtain a desired outcome. In such settings, strategic behavior leads to a sharp loss in model performance in deployment. In this work, we aim to address this problem by learning classifiers that encourage decision subjects to change their features in a way that leads to improvement in both predicted \emph{and} true outcome. We frame the dynamics of prediction and adaptation as a two-stage game, and characterize optimal strategies for the model designer and its decision subjects. In benchmarks on simulated and real-world datasets, we find that classifiers trained using our method maintain the accuracy of existing approaches while inducing higher levels of improvement and less manipulation.
Transport of colloids in unsaturated porous media: A pore-scale observation of processes during the dissolution of air-water interface

[1] We present results from pore-scale observations of colloid transport in an unsaturated physical micromodel. The experiments were conducted separately using three different sizes of carboxylate polystyrene latex spheres and Bacteriophage MS2 virus. The main focus was to investigate the pore-scale transport processes of colloids as they interact with the air-water interface (AWI) of trapped air bubbles in unsaturated porous media, as well as the release of colloids during imbibition. The colloids travel through the water phase but are attracted to the AWI by either collision or attractive forces and are accumulated at the AWI almost irreversibly, until the dissolution of the air bubble reduces or eliminates the AWI. Once the air bubbles are near the end of the dissolution process, the colloids can be transported by advective liquid flow, as colloidal clusters. The clusters can then attach to other AWI down-gradient or be trapped in pore throats that would have allowed them to pass through individually. We also observed small air bubbles with attached colloids that traveled through the porous medium during the gas dissolution process. We used Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to help explain the observed results. The strength of the force that holds the colloids at the AWI was estimated, assuming that the capillary force is the major force that holds the colloids at the AWI. Our calculations indicate that the forces that hold the colloids at the AWI are larger than the energy barrier between the colloids. Therefore it is quite likely that the clusters of colloids are formed by the colloids attached at the AWI as they move closer at the end of the bubble dissolution process. Coagulation at the AWI may increase the overall filtration for colloids transported through the vadose zone. Just as important, colloids trapped in the AWI might be quite mobile when the air bubbles are released at the end of the dissolution process, resulting in increased breakthrough. These pore-scale mechanisms are likely to play a significant role in the macroscopic transport of colloids in unsaturated porous media. INDEX TERMS: 1831 Hydrology: Groundwater quality; 1832 Hydrology: Groundwater transport; 5139 Physical Properties of Rocks: Transport properties; KEYWORDS: air-water interface, DLVO, hydrophobic, colloid, unsaturated, micromodel
Regular Expressions and Finite Automata

For small regular expressions, one can often see how to construct an equivalent automaton directly without going through the mechanical procedure of the previous lecture. It is therefore useful to try to simplify the expression first.
Environmental Communication as Deeply Pragmatic

Some environmental communication scholars appeal to an extremely shallow conception of pragmatic rhetoric in their own discursive practices. On the shallow conception, rhetoric is pragmatic in the instrumental sense of achieving preferred aims or goals, such as preserving wetlands or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The deep conception is more substantive and less procedural than its shallow relative. Rhetoric is deeply pragmatic in the philosophical pragmatist’s sense that it implicates several full-blooded philosophical commitments to, for instance, meliorism (continual improvement), fallibilism (openness to the possibility of mistake and revision), experimentalism (testing and confirmation of suggestions) and instrumentalism (fitting appropriate means to ends). While the commitments of a deeply pragmatic rhetorician are not nearly as deep as a those of a metaphysical realist (namely, that rhetorical language indicates a separate reality, pure essences or even transcendental forms), they are still more substantive than instrumentalism alone.Nevertheless, the shallow version of pragmatic rhetoric is a natural choice for environmentalists. Why? As Torgerson suggests, philosophical pragmatism, appreciated as a resource for deepening rhetoric’s pragmatic character, has long been associated with a “technocratic discourse...about the morality of dominating nature.” In this paper, I contend that in spite of the view that philosophical pragmatism validates a technology-driven anti-environmental agenda, environmental rhetoric should nevertheless be conceived in a more deeply pragmatic fashion. The rationale for deepening the pragmatic quality of environmental rhetoric is that the existing philosophical-axiological discourse about anthropocentric (or human-centered) versus nonanthropocentric (or non-human-centered), as well as instrumental versus intrinsic, environmental value is flawed. The discourse has failed to assist the public, policymakers and activists in making progress towards solving pressing environmental problems. In looking for guidance from rhetorical theory and pragmatism, a novel kind of rhetoric emerges, one aimed at promoting ecological justice.
Glycophorin B and glycophorin E genes arose from the glycophorin A ancestral gene via two duplications during primate evolution.

Abstract Human glycophorin A, B, and E genes are homologous from the 5'-flanking region to 1 kilobase downstream from the exon encoding the transmembrane region. Analysis of human Alu sequences at the transition site from the homologous to nonhomologous region suggested that the GPA gene most closely resembles the ancestral gene, whereas GPB and GPE genes arose by homologous recombination within the Alu repetitive sequence, and acquired 3' sequences from an unrelated gene (Kudo, S., and Fukuda, M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4619-4623; Kudo, S., and Fukuda, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1102-1110). To understand glycophorin gene evolution in primate phylogeny, transmembrane and Alu regions of several primate genomes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and their sequences were analyzed. These studies revealed that the GPA gene was present in all primates studied, and the GPB gene was present in pygmy chimpanzee, chimpanzee, and gorilla, but absent from orangutan and gibbon. GPE gene was present in all species with a GPB gene, but was detected in only 7 out of 16 gorillas. The 24-base pair insertion sequence found in the transmembrane exon of the human GPE gene was shown to be derived from the ancestral GPB gene and was inserted into the ancestral GPE gene prior to gorilla divergence. The recombination site in the GPA gene was confirmed to be within an Alu repetitive sequence. We conclude that GPB and GPE genes arose from an ancestral GPA gene via two gene duplications occurring during primate evolution, prior to gorilla divergence.