cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling Studies in Modeling for Compressive Strength of Thick Composite Structures

Composite material usage in primary load bearing structures has continued to expand in aerospace, auto and wind energy industries. Large composite part thicknesses in some load bearing applications lead to defects during manufacturing. Typically, these defects are in the form of fiber waves, voids and delaminations. It is well known in the composite literature that composite compressive strength is a strong function of fiber alignment, and fiber waviness can cause failure due to fiber microbuckling and kinking or failure by splitting at the fiber/resin interface. A detailed micromechanical analysis of these wavy defects is needed to estimate the strength reductions due to presence of wavy defects in thick uni-directional (UD) laminates. For example, real composite part thicknesses in industrial applications are in the range of 40 mm-60 mm while individual fiber and resin layers are only a few microns in thickness. Hence, micromechanics finite element (FE) models involving individual layers require an enormous number of elements, which, in addition, scales poorly with the part thickness. Earlier studies on the effect of fiber waviness have focused on simplified homogenized models to study the effect of fiber waviness. However, such models cannot resolve local details such as inter-layer stresses that initiate resin yielding. In the present work, two modeling approaches are investigated — (i) a micromechanics approach in which individual fiber and resin layers are explicitly modeled, and (ii) a tow-level approach in which the fiber and resin properties are homogenized to generate effective properties of a tow. It is demonstrated that the two approaches lead to identical predictions of peak load for identical coupon dimensions. It is also shown that the peak compressive load plateaus beyond a certain value of coupon thickness. This information enables the modeling and testing of an actual thick part using a coupon of greatly reduced thickness and hence smaller number of elements in the computational model without compromising on the details afforded by a micromechanical model.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Inter- and intramolecular mechanisms for chlorine rearrangements in trimethyl-substituted N-chlorohydantoins.

The antimicrobial compounds 1-chloro-3,5,5-trimethylhydantoin and 3-chloro-1,5,5-trimethylhydantoin (1 and 2, respectively) have been synthesized and examined via a joint experimental and computational study. The measured rate of loss of oxidative chlorine in the absence and presence of exposure to UVA irradiation determined 2 to be less stable than 1. An interesting migration reaction was observed during UVA irradiation that featured the production of chlorine rearrangement and dechlorinated compounds. Two novel hydrogen atom transfer reaction (HATR) mechanisms have been proposed: (1) an intramolecular process in which a hydrogen atom undergoes a series of sigmatropic shifts, and (2) an intermolecular pathway in which a radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from a neighboring molecule. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the UB3LYP/6-311G++(2d,p) theory level have been employed to elucidate the preferred reaction pathway. Both proposed HATR mechanisms predicted 2 to possess a lower free energy of...
The Accreditation Plus Model.

Much of the blame for the present condition of education in the nation has been placed on teacher education. Teacher education is in need of revision and reform. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about what the content of teacher education programs should be and about the relationship between preparation programs/knowledge base and effective teacher performance. Basic research and evaluation data by institutions preparing teachers must be collected and analyzed in order to overcome the problems associated with teacher education reforms.
Multi-loop scalable video codec based on high efficiency video coding (HEVC)

A multi-loop scalable video coder for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) is proposed in this paper. A coding unit (CU)-level inter-layer sample prediction tool is proposed to exploit redundancy between enhancement-layer and up-sampled base-layer pictures. To reduce decoded picture buffer size and memory bandwidth in a multi-loop decoder, a hierarchical inter-layer prediction tool is proposed as well using two picture-level flags. The proposed solution requires minimum amount of changes relative to the single-layer HEVC codec to support HEVC scalable coding, and provides a good complexity and coding efficiency trade-off as revealed by the experimental results.
Accounting education: a cooperative learning strategy

This paper reveiews the experiential learning and learning-styles literature and applies it to accounting instruction. The authors show that the majority of Sophomore accounting students display a learning style which is inconsistent with traditional teaching methods. An experiential teaching approach is presented which utilizes a cooperative learning environment. This method resulted in improved student performance.
Functional morphology and feeding behavior of Scolelepis squamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Functional morphology and feeding behavior of Scolelepis squamata (Muller) were studied. Gut contents consisted of unconsolidated sedimentary particles, fecal pellets of other species, and a wide variety of embryos, larvae, and juveniles. Unlike other spionid polychaetes the palps of S. squamata lack a median, ciliated groove. Particles captured by the palps were brought to the pharynx by a complete contraction of the palp. In the presence of a current, S. squamata helically coiled their palps, and fed almost exclusively on suspended and resuspended particles. In contrast to most spionid polychaetes the palps of S. squamata are not deciduous. Various aspects of the morphology and feeding behavior of S. squamata are discussed in terms of their functional and ecological significance.
Evaluation of a Delegated Procedure: Posterior Border of the Maxillary Denture

Determination of the posterior extension and palatal seal of the maxillary denture, a procedure that is the dentist’s responsibility, is sometimes delegated. Of 57 casts marked by technicians, only 7 were found, in this study, to be acceptable in the midline; 5 of the 7 were inaccurately marked in the hamular notch area.
Segmental organization of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the mammalian spinal cord

We have used retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase to determine the distribution of the preganglionic cell bodies whose axons join particular rami of the thoracic spinal cord in a series of guinea pigs, and in a small number of hamsters and cats. In contrast to other recent studies, our results show that the neurons sending axons to a ramus are confined to a single segment at the corresponding spinal level. This segmental organization supports the idea that the rostro-caudal position of preganglionic cell bodies is one determinant of selective synapse formation between preganglionic axons and sympathetic ganglion cells.
Questionnaires for the assessment of atypical gender role behavior: a methodological study.

The Child Game Participation Questionnaire (CGPQ) and the Child Behavior and Attitude Questionnaire (CBAQ) were incorporated in a comprehensive research protocol for 80 boys and 68 girls, age 8–14 years, and their mothers. It was found that the CGPQ is applicable to both male and female subjects, beyond the age range of the original report, and in the form of parents' reports as well as, at least if orally administered, children's selfreports. The marked sex differences found additionally validate its use for gender identity disordered children. The application of this scale needs to take into account the existence of age effects. The demonstrated, albeit modest, season effects make a seasonally balanced administration to patients and controls in research studies desirable. Mother-child correlations are such that application of the questionnaire to both informants is preferable to the use of only one informant. The CBAQ in its current form is applicable only to mothers of boys. This questionnaire shows some minor age effects but there is no influence of the season of administration.
Subclavian artery to innominate vein fistula after insertion of a hemodialysis catheter.

Abstract Insertion of hemodialysis catheters for temporary use is now preferentially performed by percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization. This method involves passage of a stiff dilator and a peel-away sheath over a guide wire, and is usually carried out without fluoroscopy. For the most part this has proved to be a valuable and safe approach. However, a small incidence of major complications occurs, which needs to be emphasized. Sixteen cases of arteriovenous fistulas between the subclavian artery or its branches and the subclavian vein have been reported so far in the literature. To date only one case of subclavian artery to innominate vein fistula has been reported. We report the second case with this complication and suggest possible preventive measures. (J VASC SURG 1991;13:382-4.)
Abstract 2244A: Prion protein cross-talks with Notch1 to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Human prion protein (PrP) is a glycosylphosphatidylino¬sitol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein and has been found to be up-regulated in some of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Current literature also suggests that over-expression of PrP induces inherent resistance to cancer therapeutics, while repression of PrP induces sensitization to cancer therapeutics. Our previous studies revealed the increased level of PrP expression associated with worse prognosis in PDAC patients. In PDACs, instead of forming normal GPI anchored protein, PrP exists as a pro-prion protein that binds Filamin A (FLNa) and exerts a cascade of activities subsequently augment the invasiveness of PDAC. In this study, we would like to investigate whether PrP also involves other signal transduction pathway in PDACs, especially Notch pathway. Using immunoprecipitation and immunocytometry, we investigated the binding partners for PrP in several PDAC cell lines and found that PrP associates with Notch1 but not with Notch2 or Notch3 in cytoplasm and cell membrane. The association of PrP and Notch1 was further validated by confocal microscopy. Silencing PrP by siRNA not only decreased PrP expression, but also decreased Notch1 in the cytoplasm and the nuclear localized cleaved Notch1. Knocking down PrP in PDAC cells with high levels of PrP led to decreased cell proliferation and tumor invasion and increased apoptosis. PDAC cells showed Increased tumor necrosis after inhibition of PrP in xenografts, which accompanied by down-regulation of intracellular domain of Notch1 (Notch1NTM). In comparison, over-expression of PrP in PDAC cells with lower levels of PrP increased Notch1NTM expression, cell proliferation, tumor invasion, and xenograft tumor growth which could be blocked by the gamma secretase inhibitor. These findings suggest that PrP cross talking Notch1 in PDAC cells regulates pancreatic cancer cell survival and invasion. Elucidating the mechanisms for PrP mediated Notch activation in PDAC will further our long-term goal of understanding the role of oncogenic PrP in conferring pancreatic cancer aggressiveness, and potentially will lead to novel therapeutic options for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Yiwei Wang, Dan Huang, Lan Zhou, Wei Xin. Prion protein cross-talks with Notch1 to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2244A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2244A
Recent developments in fiber optic magnetostrictive sensors

We review developments over the past five years in fiber optic magnetometry based on magnetostriction. Recent work has demonstrated detection of magnetic fields from dc to over 1 MHz with resolution of 10 pT P1Hz at 1 .0 Hz and 0.07 pTpIHz at35 kHz in laboratory devices. We present the basic device operating principles and discuss factors which limit the resolution of fiber optic interferometric magnetic sensors. Results are presented for a number of configurations including a ruggedized, compact, three-axis magnetometer for dc and low-frequency measurements, a single-axis gradiometer, a single-axis heterodyne configuration for narrowband detection of fields in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz, and a magnetostrictive oscillator which exhibits period doubling bifurcations and chaos.
Chemoattractant Signaling in Dictyostelium: Adaptation and Amplification

The social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum has long proved a powerful model organism for studying how cells sense and interpret chemoattractant gradients. Because of the rich behavior observed in its response to chemoattractants, as well as the complex nature of the signaling pathways involved, this research has attracted and benefited from the use of theoretical models. Recent quantitative experiments provide support for a popular model: the local excitation, global inhibition mechanism of gradient sensing. Here, I discuss these findings and suggest some important open problems.
SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE IN THE ARTIFICIAL RADIATION BELT

As a result of the high altitude nuclear test performed over Johnston Island on July 9, 1962, an intense electron radiation belt has been created. The electrons in this artificial belt have a sufficiently high energy and density to impair seriously the operation of solar cell power generating systems. Special solar cell panels on the Transit 4B and TRAAC satellites have shown a 22% decrease in output in a period of approximately 25 days after the high altitude nuclear test. Using solar cell data obtained from Transit 4B and TRAAC in conjunction with direct radiation measurements from other satellites, it is possible to estimate the degradation of solar power generating systems for various satellite orbits.
A proximate analysis of the Guerrero variety of teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana)

Proximate and mineral analyses were made of the Guerrero variety of teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana). It was found that the moisture content decreased with finer grinding prior to analysis and that this variation affected the amount of protein reported to be present in the whole grain. Compared to hulled and milled teosinte (endosperm) analyzed by others, whole teosinte had approximately 3 times the mineral content and had a lower metabolizable energy due to the large amount of fiber present in the outer coating of the grain. When metabolizable energy was calculated, using specific energy factors for the nutrients determined by proximate analysis, the value obtained was only three‐fourths of the amount calculated solely from the gross energy value determined by calorimetry. The appropriateness of such analyses for nutritional evaluation is discussed.
Factors predicting the presence of esophageal or gastric varices in patients with advanced liver disease

Factors predicting the presence of esophageal or gastric varices in patients with advanced liver disease
Inhibition of hydroxyproline synthesis by palladium ions

Abstract Palladium ions, administered as PdSO4, markedly affect the incorporation of l -[3,4-3H2] proline into non-dialyzable fractions in 10-day chick embryo cartilage explants with a 55–65% reduction in the concentration range 0.06–0.6 mM. Under these conditions the synthesis of [3H]hydroxyproline was nearly completely inhibited. Experiments with prolyl hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) indicated a strong irreversible inhibition of the enzyme with a competition between Fe2+ and Pd2+. The Ki for the inhibition was 0.02 mM. Pd2+-treated enzyme remained inactive after extensive dialysis. These studies suggest that Pd2+ may inhibit collagen synthesis by replacing Fe2+ in the active site of prolyl hydroxylase and forming strong complexes with the enzyme. These studies also point to a potential mechanism of Pd2+ toxicity.
Tracking and Follow-Up for Community College Students: Institutional and Statewide Initiatives.

Increasingly a majority of postsecondary students are following nonlinear paths in the pursuit of educational and career goals. This paper describes practical steps that can be taken to track and evaluate the success of such students. A particularly promising practice involves data sharing and exchanges with state agencies and other higher education institutions. In addition to sample findings and reports, the issue of confidentiality of individual student records is addressed
Recurrent unilateral periorbital cellulitis in a pediatric patient—An anatomic abnormality

A 2-year-old male, otherwise healthy, suffered a total of 7 episodes of recurrent right-sided periorbital celluitis (POC) which began at 11 months of age. Five of the 7 episodes of right eye swelling/erythema required hospital admission for intravenous antibiotics. Imaging studies demonstrated a well-defined dehiscence in the lamina papyracea. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed and an abnormal uncinate process was visualized, fused to the lateral nasal wall and ethmoid bulla. Post-operatively, the patient had no further infections. Nasal endoscopy and high-resolution imaging in pediatric patients with recurrent POC could identify those who would benefit from early surgical intervention.
The resistance to oxidation of an HfB2–SiC composite

Abstract The oxidation resistance of an hot-pressed HfB 2 –SiC composite was studied through non-isothermal and isothermal treatments at temperatures up to 1600 °C in air. The most severe oxidation conditions consisted of repeated heating-cooling cycles at 1600 °C for up to 80 min of exposure. A thermogravimetric test for over 20 h at 1450 °C provided evidence that, at this temperature, the oxidation kinetics fits a paralinear law until 10 h, when a partial rupture of external oxide scale occurs (i.e. a break-away reaction). Afterwards, the weight gain data fit a linear law. The main secondary phases formed in the composite during hot-pressing, namely BN, Hf(C,N) and a Si-based compound, although in limited amounts, influenced the oxidation resistance at temperatures below 1350 °C. At temperatures higher than about 1400 °C, the presence of SiC particles markedly improved the oxidation resistance due to the formation of a protective borosilicate glassy coating on the exposed surfaces.
PROPORTIONAL CELL FREQUENCIES IN THE 2 BY 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

Summary.-Unique problems are considered with the analysis of proportional frequencies in the 2 by 2 design due to the possibility of interchanging effects by rearranging cells. It is noted that the researcher must precisely state the hypotheses of interest, make a decision about population proportions, and determine the validity of the test of significance. Each of these decisions is considered in derail and an example presented by Gerjuoy and Myers (1964) is used to illustrate the different choices. Alchough considerable attention has been given to the problem of unequal cell frequencies in factorial analysis of variance (Bancroft, 1968; Kutner, 1974; Speed & Hocking, 1976), there are unique problems which occur in 2 by 2 designs due to the possibility of interchanging the main effects and interaction (Gerjuoy & Myers, 1964; Shaffer, 1977). Although the same problems occur with any factorial design of the form 2" where k is the number of factors, results for those designs are directly generalizable from the results for the 2 by 2 design. Three major decisions must be made by the researcher who is attempting to analyze proportional frequencies in the 2 by 2 design. First, he must precisely specify the exact hypotheses which are to be tested. Second, an assurnption about relative proportions in the population must be made. Third, the validity of the statistical test of the stated hypothesis must be determined. To illustrate each of the three decisions, it is instructive to consider a carefully constructed example presented by Gerjuoy and Myers (1964) for a fictitious experiment. This artificial experiment consisted of randomly dividing 10 black students into two groups of 5 each and 40 white students into two groups of 20 each. These fo~u groups were to be tested by either a black teacher or a white teacher. The stated piupose of the experiment was to investigate how performance of students taking an achievement test is affected by cheir race, by the race of the teacher administering the test, and by the interaction of these two factors. It was suggested that a major consideration was whether or not the student and test administrator were of like race. Therefore the data were organized as a 2 by 2 factorial with the first factor being black vs white race of student and the second factor being like vs unlike race of test administrator. The actual data were taken from a table of random numbers with G points subtracted from the score of each black student tested by the white
Structural History of the Mariana Island Arc System

Results from a series of surveys across the Mariana island arc system clarify the geologic processes by which arc systems develop and test the hypothesis that the marginal basins behind the trenches are extensional in origin. Two surveys were made to investigate the sediment-covered upper slope on the eastern flank of the frontal arc and a mid-slope basement high which separates the upper and lower sections of the trench-facing slope. The upper slope sedimentary wedge probably spans the Tertiary history of the arc system, although a Deep Sea Drilling Project hole penetrated only to lower Miocene strata. The survey of a submarine canyon which traverses the upper slope and mid-slope basement high demonstrates recent folding, faulting, and uplift of the basement high. Pillow basalts, diabases, and metabasalts, were dredged from the ridges within the inter-arc basin (Mariana Trough). Sampling indicated that the basin fill is almost all Quaternary in age and that crustal extension and basalt extrusion has occurred along an axial high. Late Miocene coralline limestone and late Pliocene dacite pumice were dredged from the third arc, west of the inter-arc basin, indicating more than 1 km Quaternary subsidence of the ridge. Slightly west of the third arc is a chain of seamounts interpreted as andesitic volcanoes which fed the large sediment apron to the west. This apron, covering the eastern Parece Vela Basin, consists mostly of lower and middle Miocene volcaniclastics and overlies a basaltic basement similar to that of the inter-arc basin. Tectonic activity in the island arc system appears to be discontinuous. A typical pulse is visualized as beginning with trench formation, followed by volcanism and later by extensional basin development. In addition to the Quaternary pulse, the Philippine Sea was affected by an early Miocene tectonic event which opened the Parece Vela Basin and probably a late Eocene event which opened the basin west of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge.
Frequency-agile materials for visible and near IR frequency conversion

We report the possible use of solid-solutions of KTP isomorphs such as KTiOAsO/sub 4/ (KTA), CsTiOAsO/sub 4/ (CTA) and K/sub 1-x/Ti/sub 1-x/Nb/sub x/OPO/sub 4/ (Nb:KTP) for frequency conversion applications. These materials promise exceptional design flexibility and frequency agility as their phase matching properties can be compositionally tuned for optimal device performance. >
Use of the circuit simulation program SPICE2 for analysis of the metabolism of anticancer drugs

Complex networks of biological processes are analogous to electrical circuits. For each step in a biological or electrical network, flow is dependent on the driving force and the conductivity of the step. The relationship between biological flows and their driving forces can therefore be expressed as relationships between analogous currents and voltages. The time dependence of approach to equilibrium or a steady state is determined by the rates of depletion of material in various compartments. Electrical capacitance is therefore analogous to compartment volume. Once these generalized concepts of flow, force and capacitance are recognized, it becomes clear that computer programs designed for analysis of electrical circuits may be used for simulation of biological networks. A set of simple mathematical descriptions of the individual steps and a diagram showing how the steps are arranged with respect to each other are all that is necessary to perform a simulation; there is no need for computer programming skills or differential equations. The use of SPICE2 for simulation of the cellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside (araC) is described as an example. A network model is developed which considers cellular pharmacokinetics (membrane transport, intracellular phosphorylation and dephosphorylation), and plasma pharmacokinetics following infusions of araC.
Human Rights, Culture and Context: Anthropological Perspectives; Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror

Human Rights, Culture and Context: Anthropological Perspectives. Richard A. Wilson. ed. (London and Chicago: Pluto Press, 1997). Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror. Jeffrey A. Sluka. ed. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000).
Algebraic reconstruction in CT from limited views

The author presents an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) as a viable alternative in computerized tomography (CT) from limited views. Recently, algorithms of iterative reconstruction-reprojection (IRR) based on the method of convolution-backprojection have been proposed for application in limited-view CT. Reprojection was used in an iterative fashion alternating with backprojection as a means of estimating projection values within the sector of missing views. In algebraic methods of reconstruction for CT, only those projections corresponding to known data are required. Reprojection along missing views would merely serve to introduce redundant equations. Computer simulation studies are presented which demonstrate significantly improved reconstructed images achieved by an ART algorithm as compared to IRR methods. >
Efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + artesunate, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine, and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Mali

Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin has been reported in South-East Asia. Long half-life drugs are increasingly being used for malaria prevention. The potential spread of parasite resistance to these regimens is real and makes regular efficacy surveillance a priority. From August to December 2004 and July to December 2005, a randomized open label trial of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + artesunate (AS) versus SP + amodiaquine (AQ), and SP alone, was conducted in two villages of Mali. PCR was used to distinguish new infections from recrudescent P. falciparum infections. Patients were followed for 28 days to assess treatment efficacy. Overall 912 children aged between six to 59 months, with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were recruited. Baseline characteristics were similar in the three treatment arms. Crude ACPRs were 94.9%; 98.6% and 93.5% for SP + AS; SP + AQ and SP alone arms respectively (SP + AS versus SP + AQ, p = 0.01; SP + AS versus SP, p = 0.5; SP + AQ versus SP, p = 0.001). After PCR adjustment, cACPRs were 99%; 100% and 97.2% for SP + AS; SP + AQ and SP alone arms, respectively (SP + AS versus SP + AQ, p = 0.25; SP + AS versus SP, p = 0.12; SP + AQ versus SP, p = 0.007). Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine therapy was as efficacious as sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + artesunate, but more efficacious than sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Mali.
Scalar Structure Underlies Telicity in "Degree Achievements"

So-called “degree achievements” (DAs), such as widen, lengthen, cool, dry, and straighten, have long caused problems for theories of aspectual classification, because they constitute one area in which the traditional Vendler/Dowty system breaks down.1 As first observed in Dowty 1979, these verbs display both telic and atelic properties according to standard diagnostics (see also Abusch 1986). This paper explores and analyzes the specific problems associated with DAs in an effort to better understand the underpinnings of telicity. The aspectual inconsistency of DAs can be illustrated by examining their behavior with respect to several standard tests for (a)telicity. For example, atelic predicates are known to be entailed by their progressive forms, while telic predicates are not (Vendler 1957, Dowty 1979):
Bonded or stuck? Effects of personal and constraint commitment on loneliness and stress

Abstract In this study, we investigated whether individuals’ personal and constraint commitment are differentially associated with their loneliness, as well as whether their commitment had an indirect effect on their stress through their loneliness. Participants included 255 couples in married or cohabiting relationships. Results of dyadic analyses indicated that individuals’ constraint commitment and loneliness were positively associated and their personal commitment and loneliness were negatively associated. Further, there was an indirect effect of people’s commitment on their stress through increased loneliness. Together, these results suggest that distinct types of commitment are differentially linked to psychosocial well-being.
An evaluation of ART1 neural models for GT part family and machine cell forming

Abstract This paper describes ART1 neural models for GT part family and machine cell forming. An ART1 neural model was first implemented in C and was tested with examples taken from the literature. The ART1 model was then integrated with a feature-based design system for automatic GT coding and part family forming. It was finally incorporated into a three-stage procedure for designing cellular manufacturing systems. Our evaluation concludes that ART1, when compared with nonlearning algorithms, is best suited for GT applications due to its fast processing speed, fault tolerance and learning abilities, ease of classifying new parts, etc.
Field measurements of azimuthal anisotropy; first 60 meters, San Francisco Bay area, CA, and estimation of the horizontal stresses' ratio from V s1 /V s2

Vp,Vs, Q) of near‐surface strata. The azimuthal anisotropy revealed in these field experiments is the result of a combination of circumstances: unequal horizontal stresses (the data were collected near the center of the San Andreas and associated fault systems), fabric anisotropy introduced by the depositional agent, and stress‐aligned fluid‐filled microcracks, cracks, or pore spaces.
Mutant TP53 in Duodenal Samples of Pancreatic Juice from Patients with Pancreatic Cancer or High-Grade Dysplasia

Background & Aims Imaging tests can identify patients with pancreatic neoplastic cysts but not microscopic dysplasia. We investigated whether mutant TP53 can be detected in duodenal samples of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice, and whether this assay can be used to screen for high-grade dysplasia and invasive pancreatic cancer. Methods We determined the prevalence of mutant TP53 in microdissected pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and invasive adenocarcinomas. TP53 mutations were quantified by digital high-resolution melt-curve analysis and sequencing of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice samples, collected from duodena of 180 subjects enrolled in Cancer of the Pancreas Screening trials; patients were enrolled because of familial and/or inherited predisposition to pancreatic cancer, or as controls. Results TP53 mutations were identified in 9.1% of intermediate-grade IPMNs (2 of 22), 17.8% of PanIN-2 (8 of 45), 38.1% of high-grade IPMNs (8 of 21), 47.6% of PanIN-3 (10 of 21), and 75% of invasive pancreatic adenocarcinomas (15 of 20); no TP53 mutations were found in PanIN-1 lesions or low-grade IPMNs. TP53 mutations were detected in duodenal samples of pancreatic juice from 29 of 43 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (67.4% sensitivity; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.80) and 4 of 8 patients with high-grade lesions (PanIN-3 and high-grade IPMN). No TP53 mutations were identified in samples from 58 controls or 55 screened individuals without evidence of advanced lesions. Conclusions We detected mutant TP53 in secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice samples collected from duodena of patients with high-grade dysplasia or invasive pancreatic cancer. Tests for mutant TP53 might be developed to improve the diagnosis of and screening for pancreatic cancer and high-grade dysplasia. Clinical Trial numbers: NCT00438906 and NCT00714701.
Mycobacterium ulcerans Cytotoxicity in an Adipose Cell Model

An adipose cell (SW872) model was developed to observe cellular necrosis and apoptosis upon Mycobacterium ulcerans infection and treatment with mycobacterial exudate. Apoptosis was likely due to secreted proteins, while necrosis was likely due to mycolactone. Our data suggest that additional factors in M. ulcerans may be involved in Buruli ulcer pathogenesis.
Object detection using hierarchical MRF and MAP estimation

This paper presents a new scale, position and orientation invariant approach to object detection. The proposed method first chooses attention regions in an image based on the region detection result on the image. Within the attention regions, the method then detects targets using a novel object detection algorithm that combines template matching methods with feature-based methods via hierarchical MRF and MAP estimation. Hierarchical MRF and MAP estimation provide a flexible framework to incorporate various visual clues. The combination of template matching and feature detection helps to achieve robustness against complex backgrounds and partial occlusions in object detection. Experimental results are given in the paper.
Effects of Naturally Occurring Antioxidants on Peroxidase Activity of Vegetable Extracts

The effectiveness of α-tocopherol, two flavonoids (quercetin and ru-tinic acid) and a cinnamic acid (chlorogenic acid) as inhibitors of peroxidase was evaluated. Four concentrations, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg%, of each compound were used. Crude extracts of tomatoes, carrots and eggplant were the sources of enzyme activity. Peroxidase activity of carrots and eggplant was inhibited more than that of tomato by all antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol was least effective in all systems and at all concentrations. Chlorogenic acid was most effective, followed by quercetin and rutinic acid.
Diagnosis of Sporotrichosis in a Donkey Using Direct Fluorescein-Labeled Antibody Testing

A 4-year-old female donkey residing in an open field in Indiana was admitted for evaluation of facial lesions of 2 years duration. Cytologic and histologic examination of exudate and tissue from the lesions revealed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous yeasts. Sporothrix schenckii was suspected to be the infectious agent; however, multiple culture attempts did not provide positive identification of the organism. Serologic examination supported infection with S. schenckii. A specific direct immunofluorescent antibody test performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections confirmed the organism as S. schenckii. Clinical signs resolved after appropriate iodide therapy.
Efficient Low Voltage DCDC Converter Design

This chapter contains sections titled: A Low-Voltage CMOS DC-DC Converter for a Portable Battery-Operated System Ultra Low-Power Control Circuits for PWM Converters
Alcohol and caffeine in choice-discrimination tests in rats.

SummaryA series of rats received alcohol, caffeine, or alcohol-caffeine combinations. Conditioned and unconditioned responses as well as erors in choice (discrimination) were measured. No significant changes were noted in total conditioned or unconditioned responsiveness with small doses of caffeine (50 mg/kg) or with a dosage of 1 g/kg of ethanol. By all measurements, as well as observation, caffeine potentiated the depressive effect of alcohol long after the alcohol had disappeared from the blood. This was most marked with intermediate (100 mg/kg) or with high (150 mg/kg) dosages of caffeine. In no instance did caffeine antagonize the effects of alcohol.
“That Magnificent Land of Sunshine, Health, and Wealth”: How U.S. Entrepreneurs Sold Cuba's Isle of Pines

At the start of the twentieth century, U.S. citizens began settling and investing on the Isle of Pines off the coast of Cuba. U.S. entrepreneurs who believed the Isle was or would become U.S. territory bought vast tracts from Spanish and Cuban landowners. They then subdivided the land and marketed it to farmers and middle-class Americans still in search of opportunity on a disappearing frontier. These landholding companies' promotions helped shape the assumptions and expectations of thousands of Americans who settled on the Isle over the next few decades. Companies portrayed the Isle as a tropical paradise safe for white settlement and ripe for development. They promised high returns-on-investment for those looking to engage in citrus production for export, as well as a healthful climate for those plagued by chronic illness. Some of these settlers publicly echoed landholding companies' portrayal and remained on the Isle for years. Others found the Isle's promise to be grossly exaggerated and returned to the United States feeling swindled by unscrupulous entrepreneurs. Although set in a foreign land, U.S. interest in the Isle reveals much about life in the United States, including the changing nature of expansion, the growing power of advertising, and middle-class discontent.
Fiction and Critical Perspectives on Social Research A Research Note

This research note presents an overview of how and why social researchers influenced by critical perspectives are using fiction as a means of producing and disseminating research. Over the past two...
Flt3 ligand stimulates proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells: Regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax

Flt3/flk-2 ligand (flt3-L) is a potent costimulator of normal bone marrow (BM) myeloid progenitors. Flt3-L is produced by BM stromal cells and its receptor is expressed in the majority of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Therefore, flt3-L may play a role in the paracrine and/or autocrine loops sustaining leukemic cell growth. We evaluated the effects of recombinant human flt3-L on proliferation, apoptosis, and Bcl-2 and Bax expression in primary AML cells and compared them with those of stem cell factor (SCF). Mononuclear BM cells from patients with newly diagnosed AML were cultured in serum-free conditions with flt3-L, SCF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone and in combination. In 9 of 10 samples, flt3-L significantly increased [3H]thymidine uptake (geometric mean stimulation index, 7.5; range, 2.4 to 41.5). Flt3-L also increased the number of AML blast colonies by 126% (range, 61% to 181%). In these 9 samples, flt3-L significantly enhanced the proliferative response triggered by G-CSF or GM-CSF. Flt3- L prevented apoptosis in AML blasts. It reduced the number of apoptotic cells by 36% +/- 3.9% compared with control cultures. Combining flt3-L with G-CSF or GM-CSF doubled the antiapoptotic effect. Cellular Bcl-2 and Bax levels were determined separately for apoptotic and nonapoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Cells undergoing spontaneous apoptosis had low Bcl-2 and high Bax levels, whereas nonapoptotic cells had high Bcl-2 and low Bax levels. Flt3-L alone or in combination with G-CSF or GM-CSF did not upregulate Bcl-2. However, Bax expression decreased in viable cells in the presence of these cytokines and the lowest level was achieved when a combination of flt3 and GM-CSF was used. Proliferative and viability effects of flt3-L were similar to those of SCF. Our results demonstrate that flt3-L acts as a stimulatory factor for primary AML cells. The antiapoptotic effects of flt3-L or its combinations with G-CSF or GM-CSF correlate with their ability to prevent upregulation of Bax.
Effects of lexical stress in auditory word recognition.

Although research examining the use of prosodic information in the processing of spoken words has increased in recent years, results from these studies have been inconclusive. The present series of experiments systematically examines the importance of one prosodic variable (lexical stress) in the recognition of isolated spoken words. Data collected in an identification task suggest that segmental information may be more heavily relied upon when appropriate lexical stress information is not available. Results of subsequent reaction time experiments support the hypothesis that lexical stress influences the processing of auditorily presented words. in three shadowing experiments, correctly stressed items were produced faster than incorrectly stressed items, and in a lexical decision experiment, correctly stressed words were classified faster than incorrectly stressed words. Thus, this work provides evidence across several experimental tasks for the use of lexical stress information in the processing of spoke...
Structure function analysis of the H-2 Abp gene.

The gene encoding the H-2A p class IIβ chain was isolated from a B10.P genomic library and sequenced. This gene was also used to construct transfectants of the CH12 lymphoma clone CH12.LX, which express the Abp gene product in association with the endogenous A α k chain. We present here the first report of the complete nucleotide coding sequence of Abp. The predicted amino acid sequence of Abp reveals only five residues different from Ab q, four of which are present in the mature peptide. These four amino acid changes could account for the differential susceptibility of H-2 q vs H-2 p mice to the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Antibodies specific for the transfected Abp protein induce CH 12. LX cells to secrete immunoglobulin in the presence of antigen. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with other A β chains that have been tested in signal transduction experiments suggests that amino acid 9 may be important to the signaling ability of class II A molecules.
Observations on Global Urban Millennials’ Social and Civic- Interactions Mediated by New Technologies

Researchers and city visionaries have focused a lot of attention on the “smart” city of the future. In this paper, we propose a qualitative research methodology that grounds the proposed future city in the actual experiences and expectations of these cities’ most rapidly-growing population group: Millennials, or those currently between the ages of 18 and 35. Based on our findings, we describe several key trends in Millennials’ urban behavior, and link these trends to developments in urban infrastructure and connectedness. Finally, we use these trends as the basis for a proposed Networked city, a city characterized by open information, linked digital and physical infrastructure, and a focus on sociability and interaction.
Cold Sintering Process of Composites: Bridging the Processing Temperature Gap of Ceramic and Polymer Materials

Co-sintering ceramic and thermoplastic polymer composites in a single step with very high volume fractions of ceramics seems unlikely, given the vast differences in the typical sintering temperatures of ceramics versus polymers. These processing limitations are overcome with the introduction of a new sintering approach, namely “cold sintering process” (CSP). CSP utilizes a transient low temperature solvent, such as water or water with dissolved solutes in stoichiometric ratios consistent with the ceramic composition, to control the dissolution and precipitation of ceramics and effect densification between room temperature and ≈200 °C. Under these conditions, thermoplastic polymers and ceramic materials can be jointly formed into dense composites. Three diphasic composite examples are demonstrated to show the overall diversity of composite material design between organic and inorganic oxides, including the microwave dielectric Li2MoO4–(C2F4 ) n , electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–(CH2CF2 ) x [CF2CF(CF3)] y , and semiconductor V2O5–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate composites. Cold sintering is more general and shall have a major impact on the processing of composite materials for many different applications, mechanical, thermal, and electronic, to mention a few possibilities. CSP concepts open up new composite material design and device integration schemes, impacting a wide variety of applications.
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Micro-Doppler Signatures With Convolutional Neural Network

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of recognizing human hand gestures using micro-Doppler signatures measured by Doppler radar with a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). Hand gesture recognition using radar can be applied to control electronic appliances. Compared with an optical recognition system, radar can work regardless of light conditions and it can be embedded in a case. We classify ten different hand gestures, with only micro-Doppler signatures on spectrograms without range information. The ten gestures, which included swiping from left to right, swiping from right to left, rotating clockwise, rotating counterclockwise, pushing, double pushing, holding, and double holding, were measured using Doppler radar and their spectrograms investigated. A DCNN was employed to classify the spectrograms, with 90% of the data utilized for training and the remaining 10% for validation. After five-fold validation, the classification accuracy of the proposed method was found to be 85.6%. With seven gestures, the accuracy increased to 93.1%.
A conceptual model for vehicle navigation systems

The author shows how his conceptual model relates to the cognitive processes that go on during vehicle navigation and driving. Conceptually, the system may include human minds as well as various vehicle navigation aids. It must be able to perform five fundamental functions: geographic database, location of vehicle and destination, route planning, instruction generation, and vehicle control. It also must provide links or communication methods whereby information and commands may flow among these components. These functions may be grouped and assigned to various people and devices involved in the system. Adoption of this model allows researchers to focus more clearly on particular components of the system and on the associated research questions. >
Flat space amplitudes and conformal symmetry of the celestial sphere

The four-dimensional (4D) Lorentz group $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ acts as the two-dimensional (2D) global conformal group on the celestial sphere at infinity where asymptotic 4D scattering states are specified. Consequent similarities of 4D flat space amplitudes and 2D correlators on the conformal sphere are obscured by the fact that the former are usually expressed in terms of asymptotic wave functions which transform simply under spacetime translations rather than the Lorentz $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$. In this paper we construct on-shell massive scalar wave functions in 4D Minkowski space that transform as $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ conformal primaries. Scattering amplitudes of these wave functions are $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ covariant by construction. For certain mass relations, we show explicitly that their three-point amplitude reduces to the known unique form of a 2D CFT primary three-point function and compute the coefficient. The computation proceeds naturally via Witten-like diagrams on a hyperbolic slicing of Minkowski space and has a holographic flavor.
“Artisan” as Brand: Adding Value In A Craft Chocolate Community

Building upon the finding that the term “artisan” is a floating signifier in contemporary US chocolate marketing, this paper suggests that “artisan” functions similarly to brands for craft chocolat...