cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selection for Increased Incidence of Blood Spots in White Leghorns

Abstract THE literature on the factors affecting the incidence of blood spots in chicken eggs was reviewed by Lerner and Taylor (1947a). Since that time a number of other publications on the subject have appeared, primarily bearing on the physiology of the production of blood spots (Nalbandov and James, 1949), on the relation between blood and meat spots (Denton, 1947; Jeffrey and Walker, 1950), on the nutritional control of blood-spotting (Nalbandov and Card, 1947; Carver and Henderson, 1948), and on the independence of blood-spotting from shell color (Quinn and Lee, 1949; Jeffrey and Walker, 1950). One abstract on the establishment of high and low blood-spotting lines in a flock of Rhode Island Reds (Quinn, Godfrey and Lee, 1948) has also been reported. From this and earlier reports (Quinn and Godfrey, 1940; Lerner and Smith, 1942; Jeffrey and Pino, 1943; Nalbandov and Card, 1944), it is apparent that genetic differences between birds . . .
Effect of α-tocopherol on hepatic mixed function oxidases in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion

This study was done to determine the relationship between microsomal lipid peroxidation during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and alteration in cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism. Rats were pretreated with alpha-tocopherol to inhibit lipid peroxidation or with vehicle (soybean oil) and then subjected to 60 min no-flow hepatic ischemia in vivo. Control animals were time-matched sham-ischemic animals. After 1, 5 or 24 hr of reperfusion, liver microsomes were isolated and cytochrome P-450 and mixed function oxidases were studied. In vehicle-treated ischemic rats, serum ALT levels peaked at 5 hr (5,242 +/- 682 U/L) and were significantly reduced by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment (1,854 +/- 229 U/L, p less than 0.01). Similarly, microsomal lipid peroxidation was elevated in the vehicle-treated ischemic group, but this elevation was prevented by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity were both decreased in vehicle-treated ischemic rats to 60% and 70% of sham-ischemic control levels, respectively. Although alpha-tocopherol restored cytochrome P-450 content to the level of sham-ischemic control rats, aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity remained at 76% of control with alpha-tocopherol treatment (p less than 0.01 compared with sham-ischemic control). In contrast to what was seen with cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline p-hydroxylase activity was elevated in the vehicle-treated ischemic rats compared with sham-ischemic control rats. These increases were prevented by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fracture-controlled paleohydrology in a map-scale detachment fold: Insights from the analysis of fluid inclusions in calcite and quartz veins

Abstract This study uses fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite veins to characterize the fracture-controlled paleohydrology of a map-scale, evaporite-cored detachment fold in the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico. Field observations indicate that the veins are tectonic in origin, and that they formed in a general sequence that corresponds to four broad stages of progressive folding. We collected samples from each vein stage in various structural and stratigraphic positions across the fold. After determining the mineral paragenesis and origin of inclusions in each sample, we used standard microthermometric techniques to measure the homogenization temperatures ( T h ), salinities and eutectic temperatures of the available two- and three-phase aqueous inclusions. Neither T h , salinity nor eutectic temperature varied systematically with inclusion origin or mineral type. The data are also not significantly correlated with structural position or vein type, but are strongly partitioned by stratigraphy, suggesting that the area was a vertically stratified hydrologic system consisting of three regional paleohydrostratigraphic units. An upper unit comprised the Indidura Formation through Difunta Group, and is characterized by T h near 150 °C and salinity T h near 150 °C and salinities near 12 or 22 wt% NaCl equivalent. The lower unit comprised the Zuloaga and La Casita Formations, and is characterized by an average T h near 225 °C and salinities in three groups near 12, 22 or 36 wt% NaCl equivalent. The preservation of multiple, distinct fluid types in many veins suggests that fracture development during folding and uplift created a second paleohydrologic system that overprinted the vertically stratified system. Fracture-controlled fluid migration in this second system occurred in periodic, repeated, and spatially variable pulses.
Thermal kinetics of color changes in pea puree

Abstract Change in food color is associated with heat treatment of the food. Retention of food color after thermal processing may be used to predict the extent of quality deterioration of food resulting from exposure to heat. Samples of green pea puree were heat treated for different lengths of time at several temperatures to determine thermal destruction of color. Hunter color scale values (L, a, and b) from heat treated samples were analyzed to determine the kinetics of color change due to heat treatment. Color changes followed first-order reaction kinetics. Reaction rate and activation energy, as well as D and z values of color degradation, were determined experimentally. The determined D and z values for ( − La b ) were 31.10 min and 42.87 °C, respectively. These values were used to estimate the color change of pea puree processed in cylindrical plastic cans. The estimated colors were compared with experimentally determined color values under identical processing conditions. Good agreement was found between the estimated and experimental color retentions.
Thermochemical nonequilibrium issues for earth re-entry of Mars mission vehicles

The thermochemical environment about an axisymmetric 60-deg sphere-cone with a circular aft skirt is computed using the Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm. Earth entry at 12 km/sec is examined at 70-km and 80-km altitude for two vehicle base radii of 2 m and 6 m. These four test cases bracket some proposed scenarios for earth reentry of a manned Mars mission aerobrake at this velocity. Thermochemical nonequilibrium results are examined for each case and compared with thermal equilibrium results produced by artificially accelerating vibrational relaxation rates and with equilibrium results produced by a viscous shock layer method.
Information strategies for agricultural exporters

Abstract This study revealed some important divergences between new entrants and those more experienced at selling overseas. While experienced exporters have well-developed informal networks of information and focus their search strategies on better long term and short term supply/demand information, “would-be” exporters tend to be more concerned with locating a “qualified” buyers list, and getting information on export procedures, and trade logistics. In addition, would-be exporters expressed frustration with two types of obstacles where information is least likely to solve the problem: Time lags when shipping perishable goods and exogenous factors (such as precipitous changes in a foreign government).
Structural analysis and DNA binding of the HMG domains of the human mitochondrial transcription factor A

The mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) is central to assembly and initiation of the mitochondrial transcription complex. Human mtTFA (h-mtTFA) is a dual high mobility group box (HMGB) protein that binds site-specifically to the mitochondrial genome and demarcates the promoters for recruitment of h-mtTFB1, h-mtTFB2 and the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The stoichiometry of h-mtTFA was found to be a monomer in the absence of DNA, whereas it formed a dimer in the complex with the light strand promoter (LSP) DNA. Each of the HMG boxes and the C-terminal tail were evaluated for their ability to bind to the LSP DNA. Removal of the C-terminal tail only slightly decreased nonsequence specific DNA binding, and box A, but not box B, was capable of binding to the LSP DNA. The X-ray crystal structure of h-mtTFA box B, at 1.35 A resolution, revealed the features of a noncanonical HMG box. Interactions of box B with other regions of h-mtTFA were observed. Together, these results provide an explanation for the unusual DNA-binding properties of box B and suggest possible roles for this domain in transcription complex assembly.
Using transient electrical measurements for real-time monitoring of battery state-of-charge and state-of-health

This paper describes a transient-based approach for estimating the state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of a lithium-ion battery. In this methodology, a small test signal is superimposed on top of the battery load to trigger its transient dynamics. The resulting terminal voltage and current are measured, and a non-linear least-squares routine is used to estimate the impedance parameters of the battery model. These parameter values are then passed to an H ∞ filter that estimates the open-circuit voltage while the battery is under load. Experimental results are presented. The approach requires minimal hardware and could be used to form the basis of a robust on-line monitoring system.
Does back electron transfer within geminate redox pairs formed in bimolecular quenching follow a Marcus bell-shaped energy gap dependence?

Abstract The temperature dependence of the cage escape yield ( η ce ) of redox products from the quenching of ∗ Ru(bpy) 3 2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) by aromatic amines in deaerated 1:1 (ν/ν) CH 3 CN/H 2 O solutions has been examined. Values of λ, the solvent reorganization energy upon electron transfer within the geminate redox pairs, have been extracted from plots of log ((η ce −1 −1)T 1 2 ) vs. 1 T ; the more sterically hindered two-ring amines exhibit a higher value of λ (1.1 ± 0.08 eV) than do most of the one-ring amines (0.82 ± 0.04 eV). A Marcus plot of log( η ce −1 −1) vs. ΔG bt 0 shows a correlation within only the inverted region for systems with the same λ; the earlier identification of the results for the same photosensitizer and quenchers as a bell-shaped energy-gap curve is due to the coincidental overlap of two independent segments within the inverted region.
The Storyteller's Canvas: The Life and Fiction of Simin Behbahani

This article addresses an important, usually neglected, aspect of the work of Simin Behbahani, namely her prose and fiction, mostly autobiographical writings, which should be indispensable to an understanding of her poetry. While Behbahni views her poetry to be about life in general and says that she utilizes the language of the people to compose her poems, she also finds prose a more appropriate form for writing on certain topics. With an examination of a number of her prose writings, including “An Mard, Mard-e Hamraham” [“That Man, My Companion”], “Ba Qalb-e Khod Cheh Kharidam” [“What I Bought with My Heart”], and “Kelid-o Khanjar” [“Key and Dagger”], the article explores the poet as a storyteller and the link between her poetry and fictional prose, especially in terms of her life story.
Deployment of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein arsenal: combating the host to enhance viral transcription and providing targets for therapeutic development

Despite the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy in combating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, the virus still persists in viral reservoirs, often in a state of transcriptional silence. This review focuses on the HIV-1 protein and regulatory machinery and how expanding knowledge of the function of individual HIV-1-coded proteins has provided valuable insights into understanding HIV transcriptional regulation in selected susceptible cell types. Historically, Tat has been the most studied primary transactivator protein, but emerging knowledge of HIV-1 transcriptional regulation in cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage has more recently established that a number of the HIV-1 accessory proteins like Vpr may directly or indirectly regulate the transcriptional process. The viral proteins Nef and matrix play important roles in modulating the cellular activation pathways to facilitate viral replication. These observations highlight the cross talk between the HIV-1 transcriptional machinery and cellular activation pathways. The review also discusses the proposed transcriptional regulation mechanisms that intersect with the pathways regulated by microRNAs and how development of the knowledge of chromatin biology has enhanced our understanding of key protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions that form the HIV-1 transcriptome. Finally, we discuss the potential pharmacological approaches to target viral persistence and enhance effective transcription to purge the virus in cellular reservoirs, especially within the central nervous system, and the novel therapeutics that are currently in various stages of development to achieve a much superior prognosis for the HIV-1-infected population.
Techniques of Neutralization and Animal Rights Activists

Neutralization theory posits that criminals assuage feelings of guilt they feel as a consequence of their actions by developing thoughts that justify their deviant behavior. The process is believed to occur prior to the act, and is seen as enabling the deviant behavior. A large body of research has been conducted demonstrating that neutralization “techniques” are used by many criminals. The present work seeks to determine if members of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) use techniques of neutralization. The method used was a content analysis of anonymous communiques written by the ALF. The results indicate that ALF members do indeed use various techniques of neutralization to justify their actions, including what may be a newly identified technique, “appeal to a higher moral principle.” Moreover, as the ALF is motivated by a particular ideology, it seems reasonable to conclude that these techniques were developed in the minds of the communique authors prior to the criminal actions they perpetrated.
The restarted QR-algorithm for eigenvalue computation of structured matrices

The QR-algorithm is a popular numerical method for the computation of eigenvalues of matrices. All eigenvalues of a general n × n upper Hessenberg matrix typically can be computed in O(n3) arithmetic floating point operations using O(n2) storage locations. When the upper Hessenberg matrix is Hermitian or unitary, then it can be represented by O(n) parameters, and there are variants of the QR-algorithm that reduce the operation count for computing all eigenvalues to O(n2) arithmetic floating point operations and the storage requirement to O(n) locations. However, for many structured matrices that can be represented with O(n) storage locations, available implementations of the QR-algorithm require O(n3) arithmetic floating point operations and O(n2) storage locations to determine all eigenvalues. This note shows that for some of the latter matrices, the operation count can be reduced to O(n2) arithmetic floating point operations and the memory requirement to O(n) storage locations by periodically restarting the QR-algorithm.
A New Method and Metric to Evaluate the Peer Review Process of Scholarly Journals

This paper will propose a new system that produces a metric that is an indicator of the level of peer review conducted prior to the publication of scholarly material. A mathematical algorithm which incorporates weighted values of the roles within the peer review process is created. The h-index, which is a value that “measures the productivity and impact of a scientist or scholar,” is also incorporated. Each round of review is weighted using the square root as later rounds of peer review are often less rigorous than earlier rounds. Once a paper is accepted the calculation is conducted and a “peer review evaluation” metric, or “Peer Review Evaluation Score” (pre-SCORE) is available. It is clear that such a metric would prove beneficial to all engaged parties (authors, publishers, readers, libraries). Authors will know that their work is being evaluated by a trustworthy publication and by experts in their field. Legitimate, ethical publishers will be recognized as such. Readers would have the ability to filter out material which was not properly vetted, and libraries/consortia would have further assurance that their limited funds are spent wisely. Future studies to see if there is a correlation between the pre-SCORE and Impact Factor or highly cited material is possible. The proposed metric would be one more tool available to aid in the discovery of quality published research.
An application of the finite element method to maximum entropy tomographic image reconstruction

A new approach to maximum entropy tomographic image reconstruction is presented. It is shown that by using a finite-dimensional subspace, one can obtain an approximation to the solution of a maximum entropy optimization problem, set inL2D. An example of an appropriate finite element subspace for a two-dimensional parallel beam projection geometry is examined. Particular attention is paid to the case where the x-ray projection data are sparse. In the current work, this means that the number of projections is small (in practice, perhaps only 5–20). A priori information in the form of known maximum and minimum densities of the materials being scanned is built into the model. A penalty function, added to the entropy term, is used to control the residual error in meeting the projection measurements. The power of the technique is illustrated by a sparse data reconstruction and the resulting image is compared to those obtained by a conventional method.
An ethylene oxide gas sterilizer surgical instrument case

Abstract Presented is an effective, small, portable instrument carrier which effectively doubles as a gas sterilizer for the instrument carried within its chambers. The complexity and expense of the equipment carried within the box (about $2000 in value) clearly justify the “one-instrument, one-sterilizer” concept. The surgeon himself can maintain the instruments and keep the entire unit in his office or desk when not in use. Complex devices so housed easily become part of the itinerant surgeon's equipment that he carries from one hospital to another. Similar carriers could be developed for a wide variety of instruments, for example, heart valves, pacemakers, microsurgical tools, operating microscope heads, electrodes, fiber optic scopes, and the like.
Enhancements for the DIII-D ECH system

The expansion and upgrading of the electron cyclotron heating and current drive (ECH/ECCD) gyrotron complex on the DIII-D tokamak are continuing with the addition of the first of a series of depressed collector tubes in the 1 MW class. The ultimate goal is a 10 gyrotron system with rapid steering of the rf beams and full integration into the DIII-D Plasma Control System using the real time EFIT equilibrium calculation to determine the ECH/ECCD deposition locations to guide requirements for both steering and injected power.
Construction of four dimensional fermionic string models with a generalized supercurrent

The spin structure construction of four-dimensional fermionic string models of the heterotic type is extended by considering a generalized form of the world-sheet super-current. The rules for model building are given and illustrated with two sets of examples: the original spin structure construction and the Z3 asymmetric orbifold.
Teaching Teachers to Teach Engineering—T4E

The essence of a teacher-training program that has proven to be successful with faculty from around the nation, and the world, is presented. T4 E is a week-long short course run at the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY. The goal of this short course is to provide participants with a solid foundation of effective teaching skills that they can subsequently build upon as they continue to teach. The focus of T4 E is on well organized classes presented in a clear and logical fashion that promotes the active participation of students.
A measurement of the 362 GHz absorption line of Mars atmospheric H2O2

Abstract The 362.156 GHz absorption spectrum of H2O2 in the Mars atmosphere was observed on September 4 of 2003, employing the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) sub-millimeter facility on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Radiative transfer analysis of this line absorption yields an average volume mixing ratio of 18±0.4 ppbv within the lower (0–30 km) Mars atmosphere, in general accordance with standard photochemical models (e.g., Nair et al., 1994, Icarus 111, 124–150). Our derived H2O2 abundance is roughly three times greater than the upper limit retrieved by Encrenaz et al. (2002, Astron. Astrophys. 396, 1037–1044) from infrared spectroscopy, although part of this discrepancy may result from the different solar longitudes (Ls) of observation. Aphelion-to-perihelion thermal forcing of the global Mars hygropause generates substantial (>200%) increases in HOx abundances above ∼10 km altitudes between the Ls=112° period of the Encrenaz et al. upper limit measurement and the current Ls=250° period of detection (Clancy and Nair, 1996, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 12785–12590). The observed H2O2 line absorption weakens arguments for non-standard homogeneous (Encrenaz et al., 2002, Astron. Astrophys. 396, 1037–1044) or heterogeneous (Krasnopolsky, 2003a, J. Geophys. Res. 108; 2003b, Icarus 165, 315–325) chemistry, which have been advocated partly on the basis of infrared (8 μm) non-detections for Mars H2O2. Observation of Mars H2O2 also represents the first measurement of a key catalytic specie in a planetary atmosphere other than our own.
Four men in a space station – To say nothing of the cow! The quest for finding respite and work in the ultimate frontier

Fed up with life on earth, four scientists attempt to make it to space to live in the International Space Station (ISS) and carry out experiments. The difficulties in getting selected by NASA, the rigourous training to fly and the risks of the journey to life and health are the rate limiting steps in their quest. They propose commercialization of space and also ferrying cows to space for food as well as generation of biogas. The anaerobic environment is particularly suitable for biogas generation and if successful they plan to get NASA to launch space vehicles to Mars using this natural fuel with the ISS as the staging area.
Empirical Modeling of Unsteady Flows

In this work we demonstrate the utility of stochastic empirical models. Linear stochastic models have been successful at reproducing responses to forcing of large-scale atmospheric flow. However, the linear forms of the models reach their limit on highly nonlinear problems. It is shown here that for simple low dimensional problems, a quadratically nonlinear empirical model is successful at reproducing a chaotic attractor. In addition, empirical models can be used to diagnose the important dynamics of a flow system and identify the essential terms to include in a forward dynamical model. Once the empirical model has been built, it can then be used to diagnose the underlying dynamics.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
FTIR Studies of C30 Self-Assembled Monolayers on Silica, Titania, and Zirconia

The conformational order of alkyl chains in four different C30 self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The C30 SAMs used in the present study were prepared by reacting C30H61SiCl3 with the humidified surfaces of zirconia, titania, and two different silica gels. The conformational order of the alkyl chains that are attached to the solid substrates is derived from the analysis of well-known conformation-sensitive IR regions, that is, CH2 symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes as well as CH2 wagging bands. The CH2 symmetric and antisymmetric stretching band positions provide a qualitative measure of the conformational order. The CH2 wagging bands are used to determine the relative amounts, that is, integral values over the whole chains of kink/gauche-trans-gauche, double-gauche, and end-gauche conformers in the alkyl chain regions. The results derived from the present IR data analysis demonstrate that the substrate plays an important role for th...
Reference List Errors in Manuscripts Submitted to a Journal for Review for Publication

Style errors outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) were examined among 131 manuscripts submitted to Research in the Schools , a nationally refereed journal, over a 6-year period. Specifically, a mixed research design was utilized to determine the frequency and characteristics of APA errors committed in the reference lists of these manuscripts. Findings revealed that authors committed more than 12 reference list errors per manuscript, on average ( M = 12.83, SD = 7.25). Further, a total of 466 unique reference list errors were identified, which yielded the following 14 reference list error themes: general errors, reference heading, names of authors, publication year/date, title of work, publisher information, source of journal/periodical, source of authored book, source of edited book, source of website, source of paper presentation, source of dissertation/thesis, source of newspaper article, and source of government document. Implications of these and other findings are discussed.
High resolution position-sensitive proportional counter☆

Abstract A counter giving high resolution for lightly ionizing particles incident at 45° has been designed and placed in routine operation in an Enge split-pole magnetic spectrograph. Use of a lumped-constant delay line and inclined cathode pickup stripes results in a very compact unit with high transmission; the collection and readout geometry results in virtual elimination of straggling (energy-loss fluctuations) as a source of resolution degradation. Spectra with total line widths less than 0.25 mm fwhm have been observed with 35 MeV protons.
Relationship between macroscopic physical properties and local distortions of low-doping La 1 − x Ca x MnO 3 : An EXAFS study

A temperature-dependent extended x-ray-absorption fine structure investigation of La1xCaxMnO3 is presented for the concentration range that spans the ferromagnetic-insulator FMI to ferromagnetic-metal FMM transition region, x=0.16, 0.18, 0.20, and 0.22; the titrated hole concentrations are slightly higher, y=0.2, 0.22, 0.24, and 0.25, respectively. For this range of Ca concentrations the samples are insulating for x=0.16‐0.2 and show a metal/insulator M /I transition for x=0.22. All samples are ferromagnetic although the saturation magnetization for the 16% Ca sample is only 70% of the expected value at 0.4 T. This raises a question as to the nature of the ferromagnetic coupling mechanism in such insulating samples. We find that the FMI samples have similar correlations between changes in the local Mn-O distortions and the magnetization as observed previously for the colossal magnetoresistance CMR samples 0.2x0.5—except that the FMI samples never become fully magnetized. The data show that there are at least two distinct types of distortions. The initial distortions removed as the insulating sample becomes magnetized are small and provide direct evidence that roughly 50% of the Mn sites associated with the hole charge carriers have a small average distortion/site and are magnetized first. The large Mn-O distortions that remain at low T are attributed to a small fraction 30% of fully Jahn-Teller-distorted Mn sites that are either unmagnetized or antiferromagnetically ordered. Thus the insulating samples are very similar to the behavior of the CMR samples up to the point at which the M /I transition occurs for the CMR materials. The lack of metallic conductivity for x 0.2, when 50% or more of the sample is magnetic, implies that there must be preferred magnetized Mn sites that involve holes and that such sites do not percolate at these concentrations.
Processes for engineering a system: an overview of the ANSI/EIA 632 standard and its heritage

The ANSI/EIA 632 standard was developed that describes the “processes for engineering a system.” This standard evolved from EIA/IS 632—the interim standard that describes a systems engineering process. This article gives an overview of the processes and describes key concepts for implementation. It also describes the heritage of this standard, reasons for this particular evolutionary step, and the approach in converting from the interim standard to the full standard. There are 13 processes defined, and each includes representative tasks that can be performed to implement each process. Expected outcomes are defined for each task such that these outcomes can be used as a checklist in performing the processes. Several key concepts are described such as the use of a building block and a hierarchy of building blocks. An important concept is the proper recognition of enabling products that are essential during the engineering of a system to assist in full consideration of the whole system life cycle. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 3: 1–26, 2000
Stent-Assisted Reconstructive Endovascular Repair of Cranial Fusiform Atherosclerotic and Dissecting Aneurysms: Long-Term Clinical and Angiographic Follow-Up

Background and Purpose— The purpose of this study was to investigate the periprocedural morbidity, mortality, and long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up using stent-assisted coiling and stenting alone for treatment of cranial fusiform dissecting and atherosclerotic aneurysms. Methods— The Institutional Review Board approved the study. A retrospective analysis was performed of 30 fusiform dissecting and atherosclerotic aneurysms treated in 28 patients (20 females; mean age, 52.6 years). Eleven aneurysms (37%) were located in the posterior circulation. Twenty-one (70%) originated from arterial dissection and 4 aneurysms (13%) presented with subarachnoid bleeding. Twenty-four (80%) aneurysms were treated with stents and coils, whereas 6 (20%) were treated with stents alone. Results— Immediate postprocedural angiograms in 24 aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coiling showed complete occlusion in 12 and subtotal occlusion in 11 aneurysms, whereas no occlusion was seen in one aneurysm and in all 6 aneurysms treated with stents alone. A clinical improvement or stable outcome was achieved in 25 patients (89%). The 2 cases of permanent morbidity included a patient with a finger dysesthesia associated with a perforator stroke and another patient with hemiparesis and aphasia due to a delayed in-stent thrombosis. One patient died after treatment of a giant vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm. Angiographic follow-up was available in 23 of the 27 surviving patients (85%) at a mean of 16.2 months (range, 1 to 108 months). Recanalization in 4 patients (17%) at 3, 5, 24, and 36 months required retreatment in 3. In-stent stenosis of ≤50% was found in 3 patients. Conclusion— Stent-assisted coil embolization is an attractive option for ruptured and nonruptured fusiform aneurysms with stable long-term outcome. However, recanalization observed up to 3 years after the initial obliteration emphasizes the need for long-term follow-up angiography.
Attempts to Demonstrate a Transmissible Agent in Kuru, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and other Sub-Acute and Chronic Nervous System Degenerations of Man

Attempts to Demonstrate a Transmissible Agent in Kuru, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and other Sub-Acute and Chronic Nervous System Degenerations of Man
WHIRLING DISEASE (Myxosoma cerebralis): CONTROL WITH ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION AND EFFECT ON FISH

Water contaminated by Myxosoma cerebralis was disinfected with ultraviolet irradition to control whirling disease. Irradiation at 18,000 microwatt seconds/cm2 (MWS/cm2) reduced infectivity of M. cerebralis by 31-86% and 27,650 MWS/cm3 reduced infectivity by 86-100%, even in the presence of a small amount of silt.
Detection of bladder tumors using optical coherence tomography

This paper summarizes the engineering development of our lab for endoscopic optical coherence tomography toward the ultimate goal to image bladder micro architecture and to diagnose bladder cancers. To test the utility and potential limitations of OCT setups for bladder tumor diagnosis, we used a rat bladder cancer model to track the morphological changes following tumor growth. Image results are presented, suggesting that OCT is able to differentiate cancerous lesions from inflammatory lesions based on OCT characterizations of epithelial thickness and backscattering changes of bladder tissue.
Fetal alcohol exposure impairs hedgehog cholesterol modification and signaling

Consumption of alcohol by pregnant women can cause fetal alcohol spectrum defects (FASD), a congenital disease, which is characterized by an array of developmental defects that include neurological, craniofacial, cardiac, and limb malformations, as well as generalized growth retardation. FASD remains a significant clinical challenge and an important social problem. Although there has been great progress in delineating the mechanisms contributing to alcohol-induced birth defects, gaps in our knowledge still remain; for instance, why does alcohol preferentially induce a spectrum of defects in specific organs and why is the spectrum of defects reproducible and predictable. In this study, we show that exposure of zebrafish embryos to low levels of alcohol during gastrulation blocks covalent modification of Sonic hedgehog by cholesterol. This leads to impaired Hh signal transduction and results in a dose-dependent spectrum of permanent developmental defects that closely resemble FASD. Furthermore, supplementing alcohol-exposed embryos with cholesterol rescues the loss of Shh signal transduction, and prevents embryos from developing FASD-like morphologic defects. Overall, we have shown that a simple post-translational modification defect in a key morphogen may contribute to an environmentally induced complex congenital syndrome. This insight into FASD pathogenesis may suggest novel strategies for preventing these common congenital defects.
Stroke volume increases by similar mechanisms during upright exercise in normal men and women.

Abstract To define the effects of gender on stroke volume control during upright exercise in normal subjects, we examined central hemodynamics in 34 men and 27 women during staged bicycle ergometry. Central hemodynamics were assessed by right-sided cardiac catheterization and simultaneous radionuclide angiography. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were calculated from the stroke volume (by direct Fick) and the corresponding left ventricular ejection fraction. Men were larger than women (1.85 ± 0.11 vs 1.65 ± 0.13 m 2 , p
Diffusion resistances in alumina and silica catalysts

Reaction-rate measurements were made for the ortho-para hydrogen conversion at −196°C. at 1 atm. pressure with nickel oxide catalysts using alumina and silica gel as carriers. Data were obtained for fine particles for which pore-diffusion resistances were negligible, for large particles of silica catalysts containing only micropores, and for alumina pellets containing both micro- and macropores. From these data experimental effectiveness factors were evaluated. Theoretical effectiveness factors predicted by using a previous theory (7) agreed well with the experimental results. The application of the theory requires pore-geometry data. The measurement of these data and their use in predicting diffusion resistances are illustrated by experimental data and calculations for the several catalysts. It is shown that a satisfactory method of predicting the significance of diffusion within porous catalysts requires information on the pore volume and pore sizes.
EFFECT OF ENFLURANE ON CEREBELLAR cGMP AND ON MOTOR ACTIVITY IN THE MOUSE

The effect of enflurane on the cercbellar content of the intracellular mediator cyclic 3′, 5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and on motor activity was studied in mice. Seizures, as an index of increased motor activity, associated with an increase in cerebellar cGMP content were induced with isoniazide or picrotoiin. Enflurane 0.28–1.68 vol% produced a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in cerebellar cGMP (by about 50% at 0.28 vol%) and delayed or prevented both the increase in cerebellar cGMP and the convulsions induced by isoniazide. Enflurane also protected against picrotoxin-induced convulsions, but not against strychnine-induced convulsions which presumably do not involve cerebellar mechanisms. These results indicate that enflurane affects the cerebellar mechanisms controlling motor activity and it is postulated that this action contributes to the decrease in muscle tone induced by enflurane
The anticonvulsant effect of phencyclidine in rats.

Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP), injected subcutaneously into rats 30 min before exposure to the chemical convulsant flurothyl, raised seizure thresholds in a dose-related manner. The narcotic antagonist naloxone was ineffective in blocking the PCP-induced effect. This anticonvulsant property of PCP is like that previously reported for the narcotic agonist-antagonists cyclazocine and SKF 10,047 (N-allylnormetazocine), which also resemble PCP in their ability to induce psychotomimetic behavior. The data support the idea that these three drugs act on the same receptors.
Flocculation of Fine-Grained Lake Sediments Due to a Uniform Shear Stress

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of fluid shear on the flocculation of fine-grained lake sediments in fresh water. In these experiments, a Couette viscometer was used to apply a uniform shear stress to a sediment suspension. The sediments were from the Detroit River inlet of Lake Erie. They were prepared such that the initial (unflocculated) size distribution contained approximately 90% of its mass in particles less than 10 μm in diameter with the average diameter being about 3.5 μm. Experiments were performed at shear stresses of 1, 2, and 4 dynes/cm2 and sediment concentrations of 50, 100, 400, and 800 mg/L, values which are characteristic of those found in the Great Lakes. Data in the form of floc size distribution as a function of time were obtained. For steady-state conditions, the median diameters of the flocs formed were typically 20 to 100 μm depending on shear stress and sediment concentration. Quantitative results for the decrease in the steady-state floc size with increasing shear stress and with increasing sediment concentration were obtained. The times required for flocculation to occur under different conditions were also determined and were typically on the order of 1 hour.
Symmetries on the space of (2,2) superstring vacua and automorphism groups of Calabi-Yau manifolds

Symmetry groups on the space of (2,2) string vacua for c = 3,6,9 are discussed in the context of orbifoldized Landau-Ginzburg theories. A general method for finding the maximal symmetry groups on the moduli space of untwisted marginal operators is presented, by studying symmetries on the resolution of isolated singularities of superpotentials. Stabilizing subgroups of such symmetry groups are shown to correspond with automorphism groups of Calabi-Yau manifolds. In addition to our earlier work on this subject we present some new examples for c = 9 (2,2) vacua. Susbsequently we discuss modular transformations that relate small volume target-spaces to large ones. 54 refs., 3 tabs.
Sensitivity of Aerosol Refractive Index Retrievals Using Optical Spectroscopy

Accurate refractive index values are required to determine the effects of aerosol particles on direct radiative forcing. Theoretical retrievals using extinction data alone or extinction plus absorption data have been simulated to determine the sensitivity of each retrieval. A range of aerosol types with a range of different refractive indices were considered. The simulations showed that the extinction-only retrieval was not able to accurately or precisely retrieve refractive index values, even for purely scattering compounds, but the addition of a simulated absorption measurement greatly improved the retrieval.Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Clinical signs of acute ocular inflammatory response to endotoxin are not altered by increasing antioxidant potency of intraocular fluids

Plasma antioxidant activity is due in large part to the ferroxidase activity of the copper (Cu) transport protein, ceruloplasmin. Implantation of osmotic pumps containing copper into rabbits resulted in a doubling of Cu concentration, ferroxidase activity, and antioxidant activity in plasma. Blood-ocular barriers essentially prevent the entry of large molecules such as proteins from plasma into the intraocular fluid compartments. However, during ocular inflammation, when these barriers are disrupted, plasma proteins can enter. Twenty-four hours after the induction of ocular inflammation by intraocular injection of endotoxin, the Cu concentration and antioxidant activity of intraocular fluids from the Cu pump animals was twice that of control groups, reflecting the differences in plasma levels. This is the first direct demonstration that alterations in plasma levels of ceruloplasmin can influence the antioxidant potency of the extracellular fluids. Increased intraocular fluid antioxidant activity did not affect the acute anterior segment response to endotoxin. However, it is possible that the time course and resolution of the response is altered by changes in extracellular fluid antioxidant activity. This possibility is currently under investigation.
Copper accumulation in the bay scallop,Argopecten irradians

Adults of the bay scallopArgopecten irradians were held in flowing seawater containing 5 or 10Μg Cu/kg at ambient temperature and salinity. After eight weeks, scallops contained up to 91 and 310Μg Cu/g dry weight, respectively, in the total soft parts. Copper uptake was linear over time. There was no significant relationship between dry weight and copper content (Μg) in adductor muscle, visceral mass or total soft tissue. However, there was a significant inverse relation between dry weight and copper concentration (Μg/g) in adductor muscle, visceral mass, and total soft tissue. A decrease in copper content occurred in the visceral mass and total soft parts during spawning in the control and 5 Μg Cu/kg treatments. There was no apparent decrease in copper concentration during spawning in any tissue of scallops from all three treatments.Argopecten irradians is an excellent bio-indicator of copper, since accumulation was observed in the visceral mass at a seawater copper concentration of 1.8Μg/kg.
Biosynthesis of L-selectin ligands: sulfation of sialyl Lewis x-related oligosaccharides by a family of GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases.

The leukocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin mediates lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs and to certain sites of inflammation. The cognate ligands for L-selectin possess the unusual sulfated tetrasaccharide epitope 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (Siaalpha2-->3Galbeta1-->4[Fucalpha1-->3][SO(3)-->6]GlcNAc). Sulfation of GlcNAc within sialyl Lewis x is a crucial modification for L-selectin binding, and thus, the underlying sulfotransferase may be a key modulator of lymphocyte trafficking. Four recently discovered GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases are the first candidate contributors to the biosynthesis of 6-sulfo sLex in the context of L-selectin ligands. Here we report the in vitro activity of the four GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases on a panel of synthetic oligosaccharide substrates that comprise structural motifs derived from sialyl Lewis x. Each enzyme preferred a terminal GlcNAc residue, and was impeded by the addition of a beta1,4-linked Gal residue (i.e., terminal LacNAc). Surprisingly, for three of the enzymes, significant activity was observed with sialylated LacNAc, and two of the enzymes were capable of detectable sulfation of GlcNAc in the context of sialyl Lewis x. On the basis of these results, we propose possible pathways for 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x biosynthesis and suggest that sulfation may be an early committed step.
The Vocabulary-Management Profile: Two Stories by William Faulkner

The Vocabulary-Management Profile (VMP) is a graph of the moving average of the number of new vocabulary words introduced over successive intervals of text. Peaks and valleys on the VMP correlate closely with narrative structure: new episodes, new settings, new characters are signaled by an increase in new vocabulary, and hence by upturns on the curve. Conversely, downturns in the VMP normally signal a continuation of the episode, description, or characterization. Higher-level boundaries in discourse (such as those between paragraphs and narrative episodes) normally correspond with deeper valleys on VMPs than do lower-level boundaries (such as those between clauses and sentences). Hence, VMPs provide surprisingly accurate graphical representations of the hierarchical structure of discourse. In general, the VMPs for “A Rose for Emily” and “Dry September” confirm this close correspondence between VMPs and narrative structure. However, VMPs are formally equivalent to unlabeled tree diagrams, and like such di...
Parametric modeling of integrated circuit interconnections

A parametric approach to the modeling and characterization of high frequency losses and dispersive propagation on integrated-circuit (IC) interconnections is presented. An autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) model based on a lumped equivalent circuit of a lossy microstrip transmission line is proposed. Model parameters are estimated from on-wafer time-domain measurements using a weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm and an Elmore delay approximation technique. It is shown that the effective microstrip permittivity can be evaluated from the estimated ARMA model parameters. Experiment results are compared with computer simulations of the lumped equivalent circuit and ARMA parametric models. >
Meld scheduling: relaxing scheduling constraints across region boundaries

Meld scheduling melds the schedules of neighboring scheduling regions to respect latencies of operations issued in one region but completing after control transfers to the other. In contrast, conventional schedulers ignore latency constraints from other regions leading to potentially avoidable stalls in an interlocked (superscalar) machine or incorrect schedules for non-interlocked (VLIW) machines. Alternatively, schedulers that conservatively require all operations to complete before the branch takes effect produce inefficient schedules. In this paper, we present general data structures for maintaining latency constraint information at region boundaries. We present a meld scheduling algorithm that generates latency constraints at the boundaries of scheduled regions and utilizes this information during the scheduling of other regions. We present a range of design options and describe the reasons behind our particular choices. We cover certain pitfalls and discuss how to develop an algorithm that addresses these issues. We evaluate the performance of meld scheduling on a range of non-interlocked machine models on a set of SPEC 92 and Unix benchmarks. We also investigate the sensitivity of the performance improvements due to changes in issue width and instruction latencies.
Identification of Nonlinearities Responsible for Limit Cycle Oscillations of Fighter Aircraft

Higher-order spectral analysis is implemented to identify quadratic and cubic nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena associated with Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCO) encountered in a speciflc ∞ight test maneuver that consists of a straight and level ∞ight followed by a windup turn at a Mach number near 0.95 and an altitude of 10000 ft. The results show that nonlinearities leading to Limit Cycle Oscillations are mostly present at the forward locations on the wingtip and underwing launchers. In the vertical direction, the nonlinearity is cubic and leads to the generation of a third harmonic component. In the lateral direction, the nonlinearity is quadratic and leads to the generation of the second and higher-order harmonics. Cross coupling between the major frequency in the vertical acceleration component and its second harmonic in the lateral acceleration is also detected. Physical explanations of identifled nonlinearities and relations to vibration modes of the difierent components are presented.