cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comorbid depression, antisocial personality, and substance dependence: Relationship with delay discounting

Background Within the field of addiction, as many as four-fifths of individuals in treatment for substance use disorder have co-existing lifetime psychopathology and as high as two-thirds have current psychopathology. Among substance-dependent individuals, excessive delay discounting is pervasive. Despite evidence of excessive discounting across substance use disorders, few studies have investigated the impact of co-occurring psychopathologies and SUD on delay discounting.
South Africa's New Democratic Water Legislation: National Government's Role as Public Trustee in Dam Building and Management Activities

In giving formal expression to national government's role as public trustee of the nation's water resources, the National Water Act 36 of 1998 will draw on its constitutional mandates, internationa...
Analysis of Above-ground Gallery Construction by the Subterranean Termite Gnathamitermes tubiformans (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Gnathamitermes tubiformans (Buckley), a common termite species in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of North America, builds mud galleries around standing dead vegetation and other food materials after periods of rain. The termites graze only the surface of standing dead branches, tissues highest in nitrogen content. We hypothesized that termites invest more energy in gallery construction than they obtain from the wood they consume. We estimated energy costs of gallery construction from analysis of gallery material and construction behavior of the termites. In addition to obtaining a food source relatively high in nitrogen, the estimated energy that termites obtain from the wood is six orders of magnitude greater than the energy invested in gallery construction. Therefore, the termites obtain much more energy from wood than they invest in gallery construction.
Frost Cracking in the Colorado Front Range

Frost cracks above timberline in the Colorado Front Range occur in turf-banked lobes and terraces and in other areas where differential frost heaving is locally intense. Crack widths vary seasonall...
Robust decision making under strategic uncertainty in multiagent environments

We introduce the notion of strategic uncertainty for boundedly rational, non-myopic agents as an analog to the equilibrium selection problem in classical game theory. We then motivate the need for and feasibility of addressing strategic uncertainty and present an algorithm that produces decisions that are robust to it. Finally, we show how agents' rationality levels and planning horizons alter the robustness of their decisions.
Citizenship and Healthcare Policy

Dating back to the writings of T. S. Marshall on social citizenship, social scientists and policy-makers alike have debated the rights and responsibilities associated with citizenship. Originally defined by Marshall in 1949, citizenship encompassed ‘the whole range from the right to a modicum of economic wel- fare and security to the right to share to the full in the social heritage and to live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in the society’ (Pierson and Castles, 2000:32). Notably, this conceptualization refers to politi- cal, civil, and social rights that individuals should ideally have as members of society, which would certainly include the right to healthcare, as the ability to participate fully in society is clearly linked to one’s health status.
Marie-Strümpell arthritis; follow-up study of roentgenographic, physical, and orthopaedic therapy.

From clinical observations it appears that the roentgen irradiation affects the cellular changes of Marie-Strumpell arthritis, but we have no evidence that. it affects the associated ossifying process once it is under way. In a series of 100 patients with Marie-Strumpell arthritis, treated by roentgenotherapy plus corrective measures, the results, based on relief of pain, range of motion, and roentgenographic changes, indicate that the therapy can be expected to give approximately the same relief from pain during any stage of the disease. Increase in range of motion can be expected in a fair percentage of the mild and moderately advanced cases. Although there is relief from pain, a decrease in range of motion and further ossification may occur. In the mild or moderately advanced cases, the process can be arrested and in some instances cleared by the roentgenotherapy. Of the forty-seven patients in the mild and moderately advanced groups, fifteen showed roentgenographic clearing of the bone changes; twenty-four sholved no change or advance in the disease; only seven showed advance with additional ossification. Comparison with the advanced group of thirty-two patients shows that roentgenographic improvement can be expected in the earlier cases more frequently than in the advanced cases, where the changes are no longer reversible.
Trace Metal and Protein Concentrations in California Market Milks.

Market milk samples (225) were collected in three major milk marketing areas in California. Samples represented four products; regular, extra-rich, non-fat, and low-fat milk. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and protein were measured in all samples. The concentration of selenium was measured in 103 of the samples. Mean contrations in all samples examined were: cadmium 5.0; copper, 41.0; lead, 60.3; and selenium, 24.4 μg/kg. No significant differences between market or product means were found for these four metals. Mean product concentrations for protein and zinc were: regular milk, 3.29% protein and 3.61 mg/kg zinc; extra-rich milk, 3.33% and 3.70 mg/kg; non-fat milk, 3.61% and 3.98 mg/kg; and low-fat milk, 3.82% and 4.18 mg/kg. Low-fat and nonfat milks had significantly (a = .05) greater concentrations of protein and zinc than did regular and extra-rich milks.
Medicolegal implications of radial and femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in 2016: Focus on retroperitoneal hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Retroperitoneal hemorrhage is a rare but serious complication of transfemoral approach (TFA) and TFA percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Radial approach for coronary angiography and intervention (transradial approach, TRA) is associated with lower access site complications and reduced blood transfusion rates. Retroperitoneal bleeding has not been described with TRA. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between femoral access for coronary angiography (TFA) and PCI-induced retroperitoneal hemorrhage and the resulting medical litigation in the United States. METHODS From 342 lawsuit claim records identified in LexisNexis database search, 17 cases of TFA and TFAPCI-related retroperitoneal hemorrhage decided between 1995 and 2015 were included in the study. Claims were thoroughly reviewed and information about the date the case was decided, patient outcome, the plaintiff, the defendant, the claim, and the trial outcome were extracted. RESULTS The most common filled claim was medical malpractice (53% of the cases), followed by wrongful death (18%) and review of the Commissioner's decision to deny the application for supplemental security income (12%). Forty-seven percent of the cases were won by the defense, 29% by the plaintiff, and 24% were remanded for a new trial. In 82% of the cases, physicians were sued, but only 14% of the cases were won by the plaintiff. In 59% of the claims, the patient died; however, 70% of those cases were decided in favor of the defending physician and hospital. CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal hemorrhage is an uncommon complication of TFA and TFA PCI and is associated with high mortality rates. Physicians should able to identify this complication early and address it in a timely manner based on the applicable standard of care. TRA and TRA PCI is a reliable alternative and may potentially reduce medicolegal liability related to access site choice.
Drug delivery: Closed-loop dynamic dosing

A system consisting of an aptamer-based microfluidic biosensor and a simple feedback-control algorithm adjusts therapeutic dosing in near real time in small animals.
Abstract measure algebras over homogeneous spaces of compact groups

This paper presents a systematic study for abstract Banach measure algebras over homogeneous spaces of compact groups. Let H be a closed subgroup of a compact group G and G/H be the left coset spac...
Management of extra-articular segmental defects in long bone using a titanium mesh cage as an adjunct to other methods of fixation: a multicentre report of 17 cases.

Aims This study reviews the use of a titanium mesh cage (TMC) as an adjunct to intramedullary nail or plate reconstruction of an extra-articular segmental long bone defect. Patients and Methods A t...
Testing at Discharge

Given the comparatively low morbidity and mortality associated with transvenous ICD implantation and the growing number of patients undergoing the procedure, one has to question the value of practices such as pre-discharge testing and routine follow-up chest X-ray that were established in the era of epicardial systems. These issues and the question of outpatient implantation are discussed in this chapter.
Logic of ruler and compass constructions

We describe a theory ECG of "Euclidean constructive geometry". Things that ECG proves to exist can be constructed with ruler and compass. ECG permits us to make constructive distinctions between different forms of the parallel postulate. We show that Euclid's version, which says that under certain circumstances two lines meet (i.e., a point of intersection exists) is not constructively equivalent to the more modern version, which makes no existence assertion but only says there cannot be two parallels to a given line. Non-constructivity in geometry corresponds to case distinctions requiring different constructions in each case; constructivity requires continuous dependence on parameters. We give continuous constructions where Euclid and Descartes did not supply them, culminating in geometrical definitions of addition and multiplication that do not depend on case distinctions. This enables us to reduce models of geometry to ordered field theory, as is usual in non-constructive geometry. The models of ECG include the set of pairs of Turing's constructible real numbers [7].
The Index Theorem

In this chapter we compute the index of a tangentially elliptic pseudodifferential operator on a compact foliated space.
Whose Sense of Place? A Political Ecology of Amenity Development

Using a political ecology framework, this chapter examines the ways in which sense of place and amenity migration contributes to alternative residential development, which relies on uneven use of conservation subdivision features in the American West. Based on case studies from Central Oregon, this chapter demonstrates how senses of place and developer decision-making are tied to wider political economic changes. It highlights the roles that amenity migrants and developers—two groups that are sometimes identical—play in landscape transformations that simultaneously draw on a particular sense of place and commodify landscapes in new ways.
Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse: JACC Review Topic of the Week

There is an increasing awareness of the association between mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death. There are several clinical risk factors associated with an increased risk of mitral valve prolapse-related sudden cardiac death, most of which can be evaluated with noninvasive diagnostic modalities. For example, characteristic changes on the electrocardiogram (T-wave inversions in the inferior leads), complex ventricular ectopy, a spiked configuration of the lateral annular velocities by echocardiography, and evidence of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have all been implicated as markers of risk. Herein, the authors review the reported incidence of sudden death to mitral valve prolapse, the clinical profile of at-risk patients, and the basic components necessary to initiate and perpetuate ventricular arrhythmias (substrate and trigger) as well as potential interventions to consider for those at highest risk.
Yes-No Voting

The Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik indices of power in a yes-no voting system are presented and their concepts are compared. A unified self-checking method of computing both indices in one setting is introduced. The question of when a given yes-no voting system can be represented by weights and a quota is addressed and the relevant theorem of Taylor and Zwicker is partially proven and their novel example of the magic square voting system is presented. The elementary concepts in combinatorics, needed to understand the material, is presented.
Obesity and Asthma

Obesity and asthma are both common complex traits responsible for substantial morbidity in the developed world. The consistency of the relationship between obesity and asthma, the temporal and dose-response association, and the correlation of obesity with intermediate phenotypes for asthma suggest that the obesity-asthma link is causal. With few exceptions, the existing epidemiological studies show a consistent positive association of obesity with both incidence and prevalence of asthma in children and adults, with the effect being greater in females than in males. Obesity precedes and predicts the development of asthma, not the other way around, and the effect persists after controlling for diet and physical activity. The dose-response relationship is demonstrated by the finding that the greater the obesity the greater the effect on asthma. Studies are showing improvements in asthma in subjects who lose weight. From these observations, the main research issues at present relate to the actual biological mechanisms by which obesity influences the asthma phenotype. The specific areas requiring further investigation are: direct effect of obesity on mechanical functioning of the lung; changes in the immune or inflammatory responses directly or through genetic mechanism; sex-specific influences relating to hormones; and the influence of maternal diet on fetal programming. At present, we still do not have a good understanding of the precise relationship between obesity and asthma.
Electrophysiological correlates of emotional scene processing in bipolar disorder

Abstract Emotional dysfunction is a core feature of bipolar I disorder (BD). Behavioral data suggest that emotional processing may differ based on history of psychosis, but physiological studies frequently disregard this differentiating feature. Face processing studies indicate that emotion-related components of event-related potentials (ERPs) are abnormal in BD, but fMRI data using emotional scenes are mixed. The current study used ERPs to examine emotional scene perception in BD with and without a history of psychosis (BDP, BDNP). 386 participants from the PARDIP consortium (HC = 181, BDP = 130, BDNP = 75) viewed neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant scenes from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) during continuous EEG recording. The early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) were examined for group and stimulus effects. Analyses were conducted for groups on and off medications to examine associations between medication status, psychosis, and ERP response. Group differences were found between HC and BD in emotional modulation of the EPN and between HC and BDP in the LPP to pleasant images. There was a significant interaction between psychosis history and anticonvulsant status in the EPN, but no other medication associations were found. The relationship between neural/self-reported emotional responses and clinical symptoms were examined with canonical correlations, but no significant associations were found. Results from this large well characterized sample indicate mild deviations in neural reactivity related to medication, mood, and psychosis history. However, processing of emotional scenes appears mostly intact in individuals with BD regardless of symptom severity.
Do Technical Trading Profits Remain in the Foreign Exchange Market? Evidence from Fourteen Currencies

We examine the in- and out-of-sample behavior of two popular trading systems, Alexander and Double MA filters, for fourteen developed-country currencies using daily data with bid-ask spreads. We find significant in-sample returns in the early periods. But out-of-sample returns are lower and only occasionally significant. We show that a currency risk factor proposed in the literature is systematically related to these returns. We find no support for the hypotheses that falling transactions costs are responsible for declining trading profits or for the Adaptive Market hypothesis. Importantly, we show that algorithms that simulate out-of-sample returns have serious instability difficulties.
Foodshed Foundations: Law's Role in Shaping our Food System's Future

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.unh.edu/law_facpub Part of the Agricultural Economics Commons, Agriculture Law Commons, Food and Drug Law Commons, Food Security Commons, Infrastructure Commons, International and Community Nutrition Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Operations and Supply Chain Management Commons, Other Business Commons, and the Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons
Rational engineering of ratiometric calcium sensors with bright green and red fluorescent proteins

Ratiometric genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) record neural activity with high brightness while mitigating motion-induced artifacts. Recently developed ratiometric GECIs primarily employ cyan and yellow-fluorescent fluorescence resonance energy transfer pairs, and thus fall short in some applications that require deep tissue penetration and resistance to photobleaching. We engineered a set of green-red ratiometric calcium sensors that fused two fluorescent proteins and calcium sensing domain within an alternate configuration. The best performing elements of this palette of sensors, Twitch-GR and Twitch-NR, inherited the superior photophysical properties of their constituent fluorescent proteins. These properties enabled our sensors to outperform existing ratiometric calcium sensors in brightness and photobleaching metrics. In turn, the shot-noise limited signal fidelity of our sensors when reporting action potentials in cultured neurons and in the awake behaving mice was higher than the fidelity of existing sensors. Our sensor enabled a regime of imaging that simultaneously captured neural structure and function down to the deep layers of the mouse cortex. Zhang, Redington & Gong develop FRET-based ratiometric calcium sensors with pairs of green and red fluorescent proteins. Their best performers, Twitch-GR and Twitch-NR inherit the superior photophysical properties of their constituent fluorescent proteins, enabling them to outperform existing ratiometric calcium sensors in brightness, photobleaching, and signal fidelity metrics.
Prostate cancer risk stratification via non-destructive 3D pathology with annotation-free gland segmentation and analysis

Abstract Prostate cancer treatment planning is largely dependent upon examination of core-needle biopsies. In current clinical practice, the microscopic architecture of the prostate glands is what forms the basis for prognostic grading by pathologists. Interpretation of these convoluted 3D glandular structures via visual inspection of a limited number of 2D histology sections is often unreliable, which contributes to the under- and over-treatment of patients. To improve risk assessment and treatment decisions, we have developed a workflow for non-destructive 3D pathology and computational analysis of whole prostate biopsies labeled with a rapid and inexpensive fluorescent analog of standard H&E staining. Our analysis is based on interpretable glandular features, and is facilitated by the development of image-translation-assisted segmentation in 3D (ITAS3D). ITAS3D is a generalizable deep-learning-based strategy that enables tissue microstructures to be volumetrically segmented in an annotation-free and objective (biomarker-based) manner without requiring real immunolabeling. To provide evidence of the translational value of a computational 3D pathology approach, we analyzed ex vivo biopsies (n = 300) extracted from archived radical-prostatectomy specimens (N = 50), and found that 3D glandular features are superior to corresponding 2D features for risk stratification of low-to intermediate-risk PCa patients based on their clinical biochemical recurrence (BCR) outcomes. Significance We present an end-to-end pipeline for computational 3D pathology of whole prostate biopsies, showing that non-destructive pathology has the potential to enable superior prognostic stratification for guiding critical oncology decisions.
Multifaceted Chemical Thinking: A Core Competence

Chemical thinking is a powerful tool for making sense of the material world and acting on it. But developing competence in chemical thinking may be challenging for students as it varies in several dimensions. This contribution seeks to guide and help chemistry educators in the design of learning experiences that support the development of “multifaceted chemical thinking” by identifying and describing different dimensions along which chemical reasoning may vary, and by discussing how to foster such a competence. In particular, the article elaborates on how chemical reasoning varies along six dimensions named Granularity, Dimension, Frame, Basis, Mode, and Focus.
Stratification in Microbial Communities with Depth and Redox Status in a Eutrophic Lake Across Two Years

Bacteria have a profound impact on many key biogeochemical cycles in freshwater lake ecosystems; in turn, the composition of bacteria in the lake is contingent on the chemistry of the water. Many parameters that affect bacterial growth in freshwater ecosystems, such as water temperature, nutrient levels, and redox status, exhibit notable inter-annual differences in addition to seasonal changes. However, little is known about the impact of these inter- and intra-annual differences on the freshwater microbiome, especially in anoxic bottom waters. In this study, we paired biogeochemical field data with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of depth-discrete samples from a dimictic lake across two open-water seasons to observe variation in the microbiome relative to differences in water chemistry between two years. We found differences in the timing anoxia onset and the redox status in the water column across the two years. Changes in redox status led to major shifts in the microbial community composition. While there was little variation between years in the microbial taxonomic composition at the phyla level, there was substantial interannual variation at more resolved taxonomic levels. Some interannual differences can be explained by links between the predicted metabolic potential of those lineages and the different redox conditions between the two years. These results emphasize the need for repeated monitoring to deduce long-term trends in microbial communities in natural ecosystems and the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of environmental conditions contemporary with any microbiome analysis. ImportanceThe results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that microbial communities in natural systems are temporally dynamic on multiple scales, and even more so at highly resolved taxonomic levels. By correlating our analysis of the microbial community with the redox status of the water column we find that many community differences between the years can be in part explained by these parameters. As collecting 16S rRNA data over many years is critical to understanding long term trends in microbial ecology, our study suggests that corresponding water chemistry data could be a powerful tool to help explain microbiome trends.
Chemical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University

The Chemical Engineering Department at The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is located in State College, PA, an area colloquially known as “Happy Valley”. The drive into Penn State is beautiful, passing through the hills of the Allegheny Mountains and through multiple state parks and forests. For many visitors, that trip ends at Beaver Stadium, the second largest stadium in the western hemisphere and home to the Penn State football team. For others, the draw might well be Penn State’s Breazeale Nuclear Reactor, the longest continuously operating university research reactor in the world. However, for most of the past 60 years, visitors interested in chemical engineering would arrive at Fenske Laboratory, the long-time home for the department named after Merrell Fenske (who is also the namesake for the “Fenske equation” used to calculate the minimum number of theoretical plates in a distillation column). But, not any more. In Spring 2019, the department moved into a brand new, state-of-the-art, 195,000 square foot facility specifically designed to accommodate our undergraduate and graduate programs. The department graduated 223 B.S. chemical engineers in 2017-2018, ranking first among all degree-granting institutions in the U.S. (www.asee.org/colleges), and 25 of our graduate students received their Ph.D. degrees, the largest number ever produced by the department in a single academic year.
Reminiscence/Life Review Therapy

Reminiscence and life review therapies were initially conceptualized by Robert Butler (1927–2010), who drew from Erik Erikson's developmental challenge of ego integrity versus despair. Other theorists' conceptualizations are also presented. Discussed in this entry are approaches and considerations for conducting these therapies, professionals who use them, and settings in which they are carried out. Research has found that they increase socialization, self-esteem, mood, life satisfaction, and quality of life. However, other studies have shown little evidence of improvement. Possible sources of the mixed empirical findings are discussed. Longitudinal research is needed to establish beneficial and negative aspects of the therapies and any long-term effects. Keywords: aging and development psychology; Erikson, Erik; late-life; life review; older adults; psychotherapies; reminiscence; quality of life
The Trieste look at Knot Theory

This paper is base on talks which I gave in May, 2010 at Workshop in Trieste (ICTP). In the first part we present an introduction to knots and knot theory from an historical perspective, starting from Summerian knots and ending on Fox 3-coloring. We show also a relation between 3-colorings and the Jones polynomial. In the second part we develop the general theory of Fox colorings and show how to associate a symplectic structure to a tangle boundary so that tangles becomes Lagrangians (a proof of this result has not been published before). Chapter VI of the book "KNOTS: From combinatorics of knot diagrams to combinatorial topology based on knots will be based on this paper.
Response to Intervention in Middle Schools: Practices and Outcomes.

Response to intervention (RTI) is advocated in elementary school as a system-wide, multitiered model of academic and behavioral interventions. Middle schools have begun adopting RTI models based on these existing elementary models. This investigation into current middle school RTI practices describes technical aspects as well as some of cultural and contextual issues surrounding implementation. The study included multiple data collection procedures including surveys, discussion groups, phone interviews, and site visits. Although many schools reported substantial progress with implementation, they recognized rigorous implementation of RTI posed such on-going challenges as changes in staffing, curricular realignments, very limited selections of screening and progress monitoring tools aligned with their curriculum, and scheduling of secondary and tertiary level interventions.
Access to Land in Rural India

Access to land is deeply important in rural India, where the incidence of poverty is highly correlated with lack of access to land. The author provides a framework for assessing alternative approaches to improving access to land by India's rural poor. He considers India`s record implementing land reform and identifies an approach that includes incremental reforms in public land administration to reduce transaction costs in land markets (thereby facilitating land transfers) and to increase transparency, making information accessible to the public to ensure that socially excluded groups benefit. Reducing constraints on access to land for the rural poor and socially excluded requires five key issues: restrictions on land-lease markets, the fragmentation of holdings, the widespread failure to translate women's legal rights into practice, poor access to (and encroachment on) the commons, and high transaction costs for land transfers. Among guidelines for policy reform the author suggests: -Selectively deregulate land-lease (rental) markets, because rental markets may be important in giving the poor access to land. -Reduce transaction costs in land markets, including both official costs and informal costs (such as bribes to expedite transactions), partly by improving systems for land registration and management of land records. -Critically reassess land administration agencies and find ways to improve incentive structures, to reduce rent-seeking and base promotions on performance. -Promote women's independent land rights through policy measures to increase women's bargaining power within the household and in society generally. -Improve transparency of land administration and public access to information, to reduce rent-seeking by land administration officers and to strengthen poor people's land rights (and knowledge thereof). -Strengthen institutions in civil society to provide the awareness, monitoring, and pressure needed for successful reform and to provide checks and balances on inappropriate uses of state power. -In a companion paper (WPS 2124) the author addresses these issues at the level of a particular state - Orissa, one of India's poorest states - in an empirical study, from a transaction costs perspective, of social exclusion and land administration. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development.
Coastal Ocean Modeling & Dynamics

Abstract : The long-term goal of this research is to improve our ability to understand and predict environmental conditions in the coastal ocean. The central objective of the proposed research is to explore problems in coastal ocean modeling and dynamics, including Lagrangian trajectory analysis and the various roles played in coastal ocean predictability by basic physical elements of coastal ocean circulation. The research is being conducted by a graduate student, in collaboration with the PI. The central activity of the proposed research is the development and analysis of a set of high-resolution numerical simulations of the Oregon coastal ocean that extend the recent work of Rivas and Samelson (2011), Kim et al. (2009), Kim et al. (2011), and Springer et al. (2009). The simulations and analysis are being carried out by graduate research assistant Rodrigo Duran, who passed the COAS physical oceanography Ph.D. qualifying exam in July 2009, and has recently finished his fourth year in the COAS physical oceanography graduate program. The research is currently focused primarily on describing and analyzing the dynamics of the poleward undercurrent (PUC). The PUC is a basic, persistent feature of eastern boundary current circulation regimes, but remains poorly understood and without an accepted dynamical explanation. Research progress by Duran has included a nearly complete basic Eulerian and Lagrangian kinematic description of the undercurrent circulation in simulations for the year 2005, using an improved model configuration with smoothed bathymetry to prevent the development of spurious pressure gradients over the upper continental slope. To supplement the direct, Eulerian analysis of model mean poleward flow as a function of time and location, Duran has used forward integrations of conserved Lagrangian label and tracer fields, in order to obtain complementary and potentially more complete information on fluid parcel motion.
Application of the MOS-C-V technique to determine impurity concentrations and surface parameters on the diffused face of silicon solar cells

The feasibility of using the MOS C-V technique to obtain information regarding impurity and surface state concentrations on the diffused face of silicon solar cells with Ta2O5 coatings is studied. Results indicate that the MOS C-V technique yields useful information concerning surface parameters which contribute to the high, efficiency limiting, surface recombination velocities on the n+ surface of silicon solar cells.
The female urinary microbiome in urgency urinary incontinence

Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize the urinary microbiota in women who are planning treatment for urgency urinary incontinence and to describe clinical associations with urinary symptoms, urinary tract infection, and treatment outcomes. Study Design Catheterized urine samples were collected from multisite randomized trial participants who had no clinical evidence of urinary tract infection; 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to dichotomize participants as either DNA sequence-positive or sequence-negative. Associations with demographics, urinary symptoms, urinary tract infection risk, and treatment outcomes were determined. In sequence-positive samples, microbiotas were characterized on the basis of their dominant microorganisms. Results More than one-half (51.1%; 93/182) of the participants' urine samples were sequence-positive. Sequence-positive participants were younger (55.8 vs 61.3 years old; P = .0007), had a higher body mass index (33.7 vs 30.1 kg/m 2 ; P = .0009), had a higher mean baseline daily urgency urinary incontinence episodes (5.7 vs 4.2 episodes; P P = .0013), and were less likely to experience urinary tract infection (9% vs 27%; P = .0011). In sequence-positive samples, 8 major bacterial clusters were identified; 7 clusters were dominated not only by a single genus, most commonly Lactobacillus (45%) or Gardnerella (17%), but also by other taxa (25%). The remaining cluster had no dominant genus (13%). Conclusion DNA sequencing confirmed urinary bacterial DNA in many women with urgency urinary incontinence who had no signs of infection. Sequence status was associated with baseline urgency urinary incontinence episodes, treatment response, and posttreatment urinary tract infection risk.
Review: Reflective Teaching, Effective Learning: Instructional Literacy for Library Educators

Booth, Char. Reflective Teaching, Effective Learning: Instructional Literacy for Library Educators . Chicago: American Library Association, 2011. 180 pp. ISBN 9780838910528. Softcover, $60.00
A definitive role of ornithine decarboxylase in photocarcinogenesis.

Excessive exposure of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB component, to human skin is the major cause for more than a million new cases of cutaneous malignancies diagnosed annually in the United States. Photocarcinogenesis, like other cancers, is a multistep process that includes initiation and promotion. A proper understanding of the molecular events occurring during the tumor promotion phase of photocarcinogenesis could lead to the development of novel approaches for the management of skin cancer. Using a transgenic mouse model (K5/ODC mice), which overexpresses the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in hair follicle keratinocytes, we studied the role of this gene in photocarcinogenesis. A single UVB-exposure of 180 mJ/cm 2 to the transgenic mice resulted in a minimal increase in bifold skin thickness and ODC activity. However, in SKH-1 hairless mice, the most common and highly sensitive model for photocarcinogenesis, and in littermate nontransgenic mice, increases in skin thickness and ODC activity were substantial. In long-term experiments, mice were exposed to 180 mJ/cm 2 of UVB radiation three times a week for 2 weeks (tumor-initiating dose). At 30 weeks after this treatment, in two independent experiments, 40% of the K5/ODC transgenic mice exposed to UVB were found to develop epidermal tumors. The tumors were histologically verified as benign papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Interestingly, 100% of the transgenic mice also developed >20 pigmented cysts/mouse, which contained keratinocyte material with increased keratinocytic melanization. Under similar UVB-exposure protocol, the nontransgenic littermates or SKH-1 hairless mice did not develop tumors or pigmented cysts for up to 50 weeks. Oral consumption of α-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible specific inhibitor of ODC, in the drinking water (1% w/v) to the transgenic mice resulted in complete prevention of UVB-mediated tumorigenesis and a substantial decrease in the formation of pigmented cysts (
Anthracene as the Origin of the Red-Shifted Emission from Commercial Zone-Refined Phenanthrene Sorbed on Mineral Surfaces

The origin of the red-shifted fluorescence emission spectra observed for commercial zone-refined phenanthrene (purity 99.5+%) in concentrated cyclohexane solution and as sorbates on porous silica at high loading levels was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as fluorescence quenching measurements. The absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate that a small amount of anthracene is present in the zone-refined phenanthrene. In concentrated phenanthrene solution and highly phenanthrene-loaded porous silica, excitation energy transfer from phenanthrene to the anthracene impurity results in the reduction of the phenanthrene fluorescence intensity and the appearance of the anthracene fluorescence emission at longer wavelength. A Stern−Volmer plot for quenching of phenanthrene fluorescence by anthracene in cyclohexane indicates both dynamic and static energy transfer mechanisms. For phenanthrene sorbed on mineral surfaces, the dynamic pathway is limited. Therefore, the appearance of anth...
Histomonas meleagridis and several bacteria as agents of infectious enterohepatitis in gnotobiotic turkeys

Abstract A dual etiology, involving a protozoan ( Histomonas meleagridis ) and a single species of bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens , or Bacillus subtilis ), has been demonstrated for infectious enterohepatitis, using gnotobiotic (“bacteria-free”) turkeys. Koch's postulates for suspected disease organisms have been applied to the combination of H. meleagridis and E. coli and each of the four postulates was fulfilled, indicating that this combination of organisms represented a true etiological pattern for infectious enterohepatitis of turkeys. Negative results for disease production were obained with H. meleagridis alone; H. meleagridis and Aerobacter cloacae + Streptococcus fecalis ; or H. meleagridis and Proteus mirabilis , as inocula for gnotobiotic turkeys. Similarly, negative results were obtained from the administration of killed or filtered E. coli + viable H. meleagridis .
Glucocorticoid binding to rat liver microsomal fractions in vitro.

Abstract Specific binding of free glucocorticoids, dexamethasone or 9α-fluoroprednisolone (9FP), to rat liver microsomal subfractions was studied in cell free systems. Binding was of lower affinity but higher capacity than that reported for cytosol corticoid receptor and was stable to freezing for long periods. Binding at 4 C varied among the subtractions in the early time course of binding, in apparent affinities, and in effects of some competitors. [ 3 H]-9FP binding to all fractions was strongly inhibited by unlabelled 9FP, dexamethasone or cortisol, less strongly by corticosterone, and not by 19β-estradiol, diethylstilbesterol or Vitamin B 1 . Progesterone blocked 9FP binding to RER, less so to polysomes, and not to SER fractions. Testosterone blocked 9FP binding only in the RER fractions. Specific binding to purified subfractions was abolished at 22°C, but was increased in whole microsome fractions. There was no specific binding of [ 3 H]-9FP to microsomes of rat thymus, spleen, kidney or lung in the cell free systems used.
Coping Strategies and Nutrition Education Needs Among Food Pantry Users

In response to unexpectedly high rates of household food insecurity in Washington State, focus groups were conducted with food pantry users in nine locations across the state to explore access and barriers to food, strategies for coping with food insecurity, and nutrition education needs. All respondents had children and spoke English. Participants reported household food insecurity and concerns about feeding children and getting through the month. Stretching food dollars was the most requested topic for nutrition education. Nutrition educators need to be responsive to people's educational needs and the emotional demands associated with food insecurity at the program and community levels.
Evidence for ram suspension feeding by the piscivore, Seriola dumerili (Carangidae)

We have quantitatively analyzed a videotape of Seriola dumerili (Carangidae) displaying ram suspension-feeding behavior and ram ventilation in the field. This is the first report of facultative suspension feeding by a piscivorous carangid. The intraoral morphology of S. dumerili is not typical of ram suspension-feeding fishes in that closely-spaced, long gill rakers are lacking. While the mechanism of particle retention is not known for any ram suspension-feeding fish species, scanning electron microscopy revealed denticles on the branchial surfaces of S. dumerili that could play a role in particle entrapment.
Rational intersection cohomology of quotient varieties.

Given a linear action of a complex reductive group G on a complex projective variety X one can define a projective "quotient" variety X//G using Mumford's geometric invariant theory [18]. From the construction of this quotient it is not immediately obvious how its topology is related to the topology of X and the group action. However, when X is nonsingular it is possible (at least if one technical condition is satisfied) to compute the intersection Betti numbers of X//G in terms of the rational cohomology of certain nonsingular linear sections Z of X and the classifying spaces of certain reductive subgroups H of G (see [15]). The technical condition is that there should exist at least one point of X which is (properly) stable for the action of G: this is satisfied in most interesting examples such as those coming from moduli problems. The sections of X and subgroups of G which occur have a simple description in terms of the representation of G which induces the linear action on X. It thus seems reasonable to ask what happens when X is singular. The aim of this paper is to show that the procedure for computing the intersection Betti numbers of X//G can be generalised to the singular case (see (2.25) and (2.28)). However, now one needs to know not only the intersection cohomology of the various sections Z of X but also how they are positioned relative to the singularities of X. In the special case when they meet the singularities transversely then one has exactly the same formulas as when X is nonsingular except that ordinary cohomology is replaced by intersection cohomology throughout. The situation which it is most important to understand is that in which every semistable point is stable, and this case is considered in detail in w 2 after the necessary preliminaries have been covered in w 1. Some brief remarks are made about the more general case when one only assumes that there exist some stable points. A simple example is worked out (2.27), which shows that the formulas can also be used in reverse to compute the intersection Betti numbers of X from knowledge of the intersection Betti numbers of the quotient X//G (even simply from the knowledge that these vanish in dimensions greater than dim~X//G).
Between Civil Rights and Black Power in the Gateway City: The Action Committee to Improve Opportunities for Negroes (Action), 1964-75

This article discusses the origins and development of the Action Committee to Improve Opportunities for Negroes (ACTION), a protest organization based in St. Louis, Missouri. Active during the 1960s and 1970s, the group used militant, nonviolent direct action to fight for more and better black employment at the city's major firms. Exploring ACTION's evolution contributes to a revisionist narrative of the Civil Rights' struggle that foregrounds local working-class African Americans. A study of ACTION also challenges depictions of a Civil Rights agenda focused on public accommodations and the vote, and highlights the demand for economic opportunity that anchored the movement. Further, this work augments new historical interpretations framing Civil Rights and "Black Power" as cohesive political projects. Yet, this paper suggests that scholars should not commit the error of collapsing Civil Rights and Black Power as historical constructs; removing the distinguishing traits between the two effectively removes the African American experience from the fluid patterns of continuity and change that ground historical inquiry. Using ACTION as an illustration, this paper contends that Civil Rights and Black Power were neither dichotomous nor seamless, but rather discernible phases in an ongoing Black Freedom Movement.
Can Prenatal N-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency Be Completely Reversed after Birth? Effects on Retinal and Brain Biochemistry and Visual Function in Rhesus Monkeys

Our previous studies of rhesus monkeys showed that combined prenatal and postnatal n-3 fatty acid deficiency resulted in reduced visual acuity, abnormal retinal function, and low retina and brain docosahexaenoic acid content. We now report effects of n-3 fatty acid deficiency during intrauterine development only. Rhesus infants, born to mothers fed an n-3 fatty acid deficient diet throughout pregnancy, were repleted with a diet high in alpha-linolenic acid from birth to 3 y. Fatty acid composition was determined for plasma and erythrocytes at several time points, for prefrontal cerebral cortex biopsies at 15, 30, 45, and 60 wk, and for cerebral cortex and retina at 3 y. Visual acuity was determined behaviorally at 4, 8, and 12 postnatal weeks, and the electroretinogram was recorded at 3-4 mo. Total n-3 fatty acids were reduced by 70-90% in plasma, erythrocytes, and tissues at birth but recovered to control values within 4 wk in plasma, 8 wk in erythrocytes, and 15 wk in cerebral cortex. At 3 y, fatty acid composition was normal in brain phospholipids, but in the retina DHA recovery was incomplete (84% of controls). Visual acuity thresholds did not differ from those of control infants from mothers fed a high linolenic acid diet. However, the repleted group had lower amplitudes of cone and rod ERG a-waves. These data suggest that restriction of n-3 fatty acid intake during the prenatal period may have long-term effects on retinal fatty acid composition and function.
High-energy synchrotron x-ray techniques for studying irradiated materials

High performance materials that can withstand radiation, heat, multiaxial stresses, and corrosive environment are necessary for the deployment of advanced nuclear energy systems. Nondestructive in situ experimental techniques utilizing high energy x-rays from synchrotron sources can be an attractive set of tools for engineers and scientists to investigate the structure–processing–property relationship systematically at smaller length scales and help build better material models. In this study, two unique and interconnected experimental techniques, namely, simultaneous small-angle/wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy (FF-HEDM) are presented. The changes in material state as Fe-based alloys are heated to high temperatures or subject to irradiation are examined using these techniques.