cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Hepatomegaly Induced by the Pulsatile, but not Continuous, Intravenous Administration of Purified Chicken Growth Hormone in Broiler Pullets: Liver Composition and Nucleic-Acid Content

Abstract The present study determined the composition and nucleic-acid content of livers obtained from 11-wk-old, broiler-strain pullets infused with pituitary-derived chicken growth hormone (p-cGH) in either a pulsatile (Study 1) or continuous (Study 2) manner for 21 days. Pulsatile p-cGH administration resulted in a decrease in ratios for liver DNA to wet weight (P
Fracture Toughness of Human Enamel

A microindentation technique was employed to estimate the fracture toughness of human enamel. A pattern of increasing fracture toughness values existed from incisal to cervical in incisor enamel. Statistical analysis indicated that the molar enamel was more brittle than either the canine or incisor enamel. It was observed that the cracks emanating from the comers of an indentation propagated preferentially, with the weakest path of fracture usually extending along the cervical-incisal axis.
Learning Optimal Commitment to Overcome Insecurity

Game-theoretic algorithms for physical security have made an impressive real-world impact. These algorithms compute an optimal strategy for the defender to commit to in a Stackelberg game, where the attacker observes the defender's strategy and best-responds. In order to build the game model, though, the payoffs of potential attackers for various outcomes must be estimated; inaccurate estimates can lead to significant inefficiencies. We design an algorithm that optimizes the defender's strategy with no prior information, by observing the attacker's responses to randomized deployments of resources and learning his priorities. In contrast to previous work, our algorithm requires a number of queries that is polynomial in the representation of the game.
Limitations Imposed by Beam-Beam Effects and Their Remedies

Effects that limit the luminosities of a general purpose linear collider or GLC capable of spin polarized e{sup {+-}}e{sup {+-}}, gamma-e{sup {+-}} and spin polarized gamma-gamma incident channels are discussed together with potential mitigations. The relative characteristics of such channels and their luminosities are predicted based on differing assumptions - including those for the current configurations for the NLC at square root s{sub ee} = 0.5 and 1.0 TeV. Disadvantages related to the increased complexity of linear colliders can be offset by broader design constraints that seek to optimize the generalized luminosity. Decreased disruptions and bunch charges are effective and can be used in combination with feasible charge compensation schemes to predict higher luminosities and power conversion efficiencies. The incremental costs of additional channels is modest compared to the cost of any one by itself or potential gains in the integrated luminosity.
In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Burkholderia mallei Respiratory Infection and Treatment in the Mouse Model

Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) technology is a powerful tool for monitoring infectious disease progression and treatment approaches. BLI is particularly useful for tracking fastidious intracellular pathogens that might be difficult to recover from certain organs. Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders, is a facultative intracellular pathogen and has been classified by the CDC as a Category B select agent due to its highly infectious nature and potential use as a biological weapon. Very little is known regarding pathogenesis or treatment of glanders. We investigated the use of bioluminescent reporter constructs to monitor the dynamics of infection as well as the efficacy of therapeutics for B. mallei in real time. A stable luminescent reporter B. mallei strain was created using the pUTmini-Tn5::luxKm2 plasmid and used to monitor glanders in the BALB/c murine model. Mice were infected via the intranasal route with 5x103 bacteria and monitored by BLI at 24, 48 and 72 h. We verified that our reporter construct maintained similar virulence and growth kinetics compared to wild-type B. mallei and confirmed that it maintains luminescent stability in the presence or absence of antibiotic selection. The luminescent signal was initially seen in the lungs, and progressed to the liver and spleen over the course of infection. We demonstrated that antibiotic treatment 24 h post-infection resulted in reduction of bioluminescence that can be attributed to decreased bacterial burden in target organs. These findings suggest that BLI can be used to monitor disease progression and efficacy of therapeutics during glanders infections. Finally, we report an alternative method to mini-Tn5::luxKm2 transposon using mini-Tn7-lux elements that insert site-specifically at known genomic attachment sites and that can also be used to tag bacteria.
Stimulation of Insulin Secretion by Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids. A DIRECT PANCREATIC EFFECT

Abstract A continuous-flow centrifuge was used to infuse sodium salts of oleic, linoleic, lauric, or palmitic acid into the pancreatic artery of anesthetized dogs. In these regional perfusion studies there was no increase in FFA levels in the general circulation. Elevation of pancreatic FFA levels produced an immediate increase in pancreatic venous immunoreactive insulin (IRI). After 10 min of FFA infusion. IRI levels declined somewhat from the initial peak response but soon rose again to high levels which were then sustained until the infusion was terminated. All four long-chain FFA tested produced a similar biphasic IRI response. Clearcut increases in IRI were associated with absolute FFA levels (measured in pancreaticoduodenal venous plasma) as low as 0.6-0.8 μeq/ml and with increments over basal levels of as little as 0.4-0.5 μeq/ml. At higher levels of FFA, absolute IRI levels in the pancreatic venous effluent exceeded 1,000 μU/ml in some experiments and 5- to 10-fold increases over basal values were observed. These studies indicate that long-chain FFA, in physiological concentrations, can markedly stimulate insulin secretion by a direct effect on the pancreas. The results lend support to the concept of insulin as a hormone that is importantly involved in regulating the metabolism of all three principal classes of metabolic substrates and whose release is in turn regulated by all of them. The relative importance and precise nature of its physiologic role in the regulation of lipolysis, lipid deposition, and ketone body formation remains to be established.
Access control in a workstation-based distributed computing environment

The Institutional File System (IFS) project is a joint project of the Center for Information Technology Integration at the University of Michigan and the IBM Corporation. The goal of the IFS project is to offer network file services that are institution-wide, transparent, reliable, and secure. The mechanisms used to control access to system services on the IFS project are described. A logical overview of access control at the IFS project is given and is followed by an enumeration of the services on which the project relies, their interdependencies, and the mechanisms by which access to these services is secured. Present vulnerabilities and future plans are described. >
Collaborative processes in trauma teams

This project aims to further our understanding of collaboration practices in small, collocated teams that work in dynamic, time-and safety critical environments. We use emergency room as a natural laboratory for investigating information gathering, sharing and archiving, as well as decision making in trauma teams as they conduct trauma resuscitations. We have observed and analyzed six trauma resuscitations and conducted interviews with trauma team members. We found that every worker has different information needs, which are role specific and change rapidly over time. Information gathering and sharing within trauma teams often become inefficient due to the urgency of situation and the lack of information support technologies. Our future efforts will focus on deriving system requirements for collaborative technologies that could support trauma teams more effectively.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonists and the Treatment of HIV-Associated Lipoatrophy: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Their Shortcomings

The recognition of metabolic complications associated with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), including dyslipidemia, lipoatrophy, and dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, followed close on the heels of the introduction and widespread use of potent combination ART for the treatment of HIV infection. Our understanding of the role of specific drug classes and of individual antiretroviral agents in these metabolic disturbances has evolved over time and has helped to inform clinical care practices to both preventandtreatthesecomplications.Inthis issue of the Journal, Mallon et al. [1] present data that provide another important step forward in understanding the mechanismsoflipoatrophyinassociation with exposure to nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and offer insight into why treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)agonistshasoftenfailedto produce clinically significant gains in adipose tissue mass in trials involving HIVassociated lipoatrophy. The potential role of mitochondrial toxicity associated with NRTIs, in particular the potent effects of thymidine analogues (tNRTIs), was recognized early in the study of lipodystrophy and ART tox
Order, Frustration, and Two-Dimensional Glass

Models of two-dimensional disordered materials, designed to illuminate the behavior of frustrated 2d liquids and solids, and provide insights into defect theories of the glass transition, are discussed. Important topological differences in the way particles pack in two, as opposed to three dimensions are emphasized. In d=2, one can introduce a controllable amount of disorder by varying the concentration of particles of the wrong size. Because of dislocation trapping by impurities, quenched analogues of the equilibrium hexatic phase appear at low temperatures. Large orientational correlation lengths characterize many nominally amorphous, translationally disordered particle configurations. Crystalline films with a quenched distribution of impurities become unstable at low temperatures, where thermally excited dislocation pairs are broken apart by the random impurity potential. Frustration can be introduced into arrays of identical particles by packing them on a manifold of constant negative curvature. The curvature can be chosen to mimic problems associated with dense random packing of tetrahedra in three dimensions. Some conjectures on the behavior of such arrays with decreasing temperature are presented.
Characterization of RNase P from Thermotoga maritima

The protein subunit of RNase P from a thermophilic bacterium, Thermotoga maritima, was overexpressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. The cloned protein was reconstituted with the RNA subunit transcribed in vitro. The temperature optimum of the holoenzyme is near 50 degrees C, with no enzymatic activity at 65 degrees C or above. This finding is in sharp contrast to the optimal growth temperature of T.maritima, which is near 80 degrees C. However, in heterologous reconstitution experiments in vitro with RNase P subunits from other species, we found that the protein subunit from T.maritima was responsible for the comparative thermal stability of such complexes.
Characterization of multi-finger twist motion toward robotic rehabilitation

Stroke or other neurological disorders potentially lead to movement deficits that may be recovered through proper rehabilitation. Robotic therapy has been applied to larger limbs such as the arms but not as commonly for the hand. It has been shown that virtual robotic environment with feedback distortion has a positive therapeutic effect in single finger movement. To expand this one finger therapeutic environment to more functional movements, our particular interest is applying feedback distortion to the everyday motor task of twisting bottle caps and jar lids. In order to understand what parameters to distort, unimpaired subjects' stereotypical movements were characterized with an intention to identify the differences with impaired population groups. This paper describes the hardware and software details of the haptic rotational twist-cap device developed to characterize, diagnose, and rehabilitate coordinated multi-finger twist movements. Using this device, it is shown the tangential and radial forces applied by each finger have stereotypical profiles for the unimpaired population. In addition, individual results from stroke, multiple-sclerosis (MS), and elderly subject population are presented. This preliminary data show different types of deviation from the control data providing insight into parameters that should be distorted during robotic rehabilitation.
Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Mortality in Adventist Health Study 2

Results:There were 2570 deaths among 73308 participants during a mean follow-up time of 5.79 years. The mortality rate was 6.05 (95% CI, 5.82-6.29) deaths per 1000 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in all vegetarians combined vs nonvegetarians was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.97). The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in vegans was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.73-1.01);inlacto-ovo‐vegetarians,0.91(95%CI,0.821.00);inpesco-vegetarians,0.81(95%CI,0.69-0.94);and in semi-vegetarians, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75-1.13) compared with nonvegetarians. Significant associations with vegetarian diets were detected for cardiovascular mortality,noncardiovascularnoncancermortality,renalmortality,andendocrinemortality.Associationsinmenwere larger and more often significant than were those in women.
Systematic temperature sensor allocation and placement for microprocessors

Modern high performance processors employ advanced techniques for thermal management, which rely on accurate readings of on-die thermal sensors. As the importance of thermal effects on reliability and performance of integrated circuits increases careful planning and embedding of thermal monitoring mechanisms into these systems are crucial. Systematic tools for analysis of thermal behavior and determination of best allocation and placement of thermal sensing elements is therefore a highly relevant problem. In this paper, we propose novel optimization techniques for determining the optimal locations and allocations for thermal sensors to provide a high fidelity thermal profile of a complex microprocessor system. Our algorithm identifies an optimal physical location for each sensor such that the sensor's attraction towards steep thermal gradient is maximized. We also present a hybrid allocation and placement strategy showing the trade-offs associated with number of sensors used and expected accuracy. Our results show that our tool is able to create a sensor distribution for a given microprocessor architecture providing thermal measurements with maximum error of 3.18/spl deg/C and average maximum error of 1.63/spl deg/C across a wide set of applications.
Effects of corona discharge on forced convection in tubes: pressure drop results

Electrohydrodynamic effects on forced convection in tubes can have significant implications for enhancement of heat exchanger performance in heat pumps and other devices. Of particular concern in such applications is the possibility of increased pressure drop associated with electrostatic discharge, which might substantially increase the pumping power required. The authors describe a series of experiments designed to determine the effects of corona discharge on pressure fields for air flow in cylindrical tubes. Experiments were performed with a single concentric electrode in the tube and with two nonconcentric electrodes. Measurements were performed at potentials from the onset of measurable current to near the sparkover point and at Reynolds numbers from 10/sup 3/ to 2*10/sup 4/. Friction factors were seen to increase as much as 250% over the values obtained in the absence of an applied electric field. The results presented suggest that the electrostatic effect on pressure drop is very sensitive to current density, Reynolds number, and electrode configuration. >
Genetic structure of natural populations of the California black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814), a candidate for endangered species status

The black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) has been severely depleted across much of its historic range by a combination of overexploitation and disease. Natural recovery of extirpated populations along the southern California coast will depend on the extent to which remnant populations can serve as larval sources to geographic locations formerly supporting abalone populations. Population genetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) DNA sequences, four nuclear microsatellites, and 142 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to evaluate connectivity among populations of H. cracherodii sampled from the central California coast and four islands in the Southern California Bight. Global divergence among populations was significant at COI and the AFLP loci. The Hka28 microsatellite locus and AFLP data showed significant divergence in multiple pairwise population comparisons and exhibited a signal of isolation by distance. Although estimates of gene flow based on genetic analyses must be interpreted with caution, the observed level of interpopulation genetic divergence suggests that larval dispersal is restricted, and natural recovery of decimated H. cracherodii populations along the coast of California is unlikely to occur in the near future.
Basiliximab plus low-dose cyclosporin vs. OKT3 for induction immunosuppression following renal transplantation.

: Background: Current immunosuppressive therapies are very effective in preventing acute rejection (AR) and graft loss following renal transplantation. Newer agents now make it possible to develop equally efficacious but better tolerated and less toxic strategies. This is especially relevant for our ageing recipients. We now compare the efficacy of basiliximab combined with early low-dose cyclosporin therapy to standard OKT3 induction therapy. Methods: In this single-centre study, 100 consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants from November 1998 to August 2000 were treated with basiliximab combined with early low-dose cyclosporin, reduced steroids and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Clinical outcomes at 100 d and 1 yr were compared with a group of 26 patients transplanted from March 1995 to November 1998 who received OKT3, delayed full-dose cyclosporin, high-dose steroids and MMF. Amongst basiliximab treated patients, we compared clinical outcomes in those older and younger than 60 yr. Results: Both groups were similar except for a shorter cold ischaemic time in the basiliximab group. Length of stay, number of readmissions, total hospitalization days and cytomegalovirus infections were lower in the basiliximab group. Despite a 40% reduction in steroids, basiliximab-treated patients had fewer biopsy-proven episodes of AR (basiliximab 14% vs. OKT3 35%) and required less antilymphocyte antibody therapy. Clinical outcomes including patient and graft survival were no different between groups. Long-term graft survival for patients over 60 yr was limited primarily by mortality. Conclusions: Compared with OKT3 induction therapy, the combination of early low-dose cyclosporin and basiliximab is steroid sparing, effective, well tolerated and relatively safe.
Stem cell tracking a perfect application for multimodality imaging.

Stem cell therapy has captured the fascination of the lay press for many years and has been touted as the potential cure for many diseases including heart disease, stroke, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, and even cancer. It has been 6 years since California voters said yes to Proposition 71 and more than $1 billion of research funding has been distributed from this initiative alone. Many would argue that the progress so far has been steady but has not come close to matching the hype this area of research has received. This is mainly because important aspects of stem cell biology such as the factors governing survival, migration, differentiation, and integration are still not fully understood (1). The ability to track stem cells real time after transplantation noninvasively in vivo can definitely help to increase our knowledge base and shed light on how to refine our approaches in clinical stem cell therapy (1,2). The imaging methods that have been used for stem cell tracking to date can be broadly divided into two main groups: direct labeling and transgene imaging. Direct labeling of stem cells have been done with magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents such as iron oxide particles, fluorescent imaging agents such as quantum dots, and radionuclides such as In-oxine (1–3). The major advantage of direct labeling methods is that it is relatively easy to do and some of the methods such as In-oxine labeling have been used in clinical applications already. Some of the shortcomings of the direct labeling approach stem from the fact that the detected signals come from the labels and it is impossible to know whether the labels are still inside the stem cells in vivo when the imaging experiment is performed. In addition, direct labeling also does not provide any direct information about the biologic state of the stem cells. For example, it has been shown that iron oxide labeling fails to distinguish dead from living transplanted cells in the infracted heart (4). Transgene imaging methods require cloning into the stem cells a reporter gene such as luciferase for bioluminescence imaging (BLI) or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) for positron emission tomography (PET). For imaging experiments, a reporter probe is injected such as luciferin for BLI or 9(4(F)fluoro-3(hydroxymethyl)butyl)guanine ((F)FHBG)
Vehicle plant model and supervisory control development for a parallel pre-trans plug-in hybrid electric Vehicle

Abstract The Arizona State University EcoCAR-3 team is a new team in Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions (AVTCs), competing among 16 North American Universities under a 4 year competition aimed at redesigning a high performance conventional vehicle into a hybrid electric vehicle, reducing the environmental impacts while maintaining the performance of the vehicle. The team imitates General Motors (GM) Vehicle Development Process (VDP) in designing, building and refining the vehicle. The first step in design process is Powertrain Architecture selection, and the team is designing a parallel pre-transmission plug-in hybrid vehicle to meet the competition targets. The proposed powertrain consists of a 2.4L gasoline (E85) engine, a 140 kW electric motor, 6-speed automatic gearbox and 18.9 kWh battery pack. The vehicle is capable of delivering 30 mile all-electric operation, along with an impressive Utility Factor weighted fuel economy of 50 mpgee. This paper presents the vehicle model development done by the Arizona State University EcoCAR-3 team in year-1 of the competition. The paper explains the detailed vehicle architecture, modeling platform, technical goals of the team and vehicle performance and energy consumption calculations. Control strategies for power flow management, as well as control system development has been addressed, along with approaches used to address any modeling imperfection.
Fundamental FEM Modeling Approach of Residual Stress Propagation in Sn-Based Electroplated Films Prone to Sn Whiskers Growth

The evolution of residual stress gradients in three different cases of electrodeposited Sn-based films on brass substrate has been evaluated using thermomechanical finite element model (FEM), with temperature as the only loading condition. The FEM model for each of the three cases consists of a brass substrate with the following films: 1) pure Sn film; 2) pure Sn film with the Ni-underlayer; and 3) composite Ni/Sn film. The simulations consider the stress behavior under temperature loading, in the electrodeposited Sn-based films with and without the Ni-underlayer(s). A simple analytical model has been developed to estimate the resulting stress gradient (considered as one of the main causes for Sn whiskers growth) in each film. The modeled stress in the films is shown to be in good agreement with the previously published experimental measurements [Dimitrovska et al. , Journal of Electronic Materials 38, 2516 (2009)].
Cisplatin and its ototoxicity

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is frequently used for chemotherapeutic treatment of various cancers. However, the clinic application of cisplatin is restricted by its side effects of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Three major targets of cisplatin action in the cochlea are the stria vascularis, the hair cells, and the spiral ganglion neurons. In these regions, the cells die by apoptosis after the cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin treatment increases the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and causes a decline in antioxidant enzymes which can lead to apoptosis by activating caspases, a family of cysteine-aspartate-specific proteases. The treatment of antioxidants therefore can protect cochlear hair cells from cisplatin insult. In the cispaltin-induced caspase apoptotic pathway, caspase-8 is first activated in the hair cells, indicating that the involvement of the death receptor pathway and caspase-8 as the apoptotic initiator in hair cells. In contrast, the spiral ganglion neuron death features the activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the early stage of the cell death process following the cisplatin treatment. This suggests that the cell death signals in spiral ganglion neurons are released from both the cell death factor receptors on the cell membrane and cytochrome C leakage from the mitochondria. p53, a tumor suppressor gene, is activated in response to DNA damage, stress, and many chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin. p53 triggers the initiation of cell apoptosis that involves caspase activities in the early stage of cisplatin damage. Using superarray technology, a multiple apoptotic pathways are detected after the cisplatin treatment, including the p53 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, death domain family, Bcl-2 family, CARD family, and GTP signal transduction. Pifithrin-αis a powerful inhibitor of p53, and greatly enhances hair cell survival from cisplatin damage. Mitogen activated protein kinases also play an important role in cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinases, can temporally protect cochlear hair cells by inhibiting the mitogen activated protein kinases, ERK phosphorylations, p53 phospholyrations, and caspase activation. However, the application of PD98059 can only delay the onset of the damage, but can not completely block the progression of the death process.
Public Lecture from the Perspective of Community Education

The public lecture,with features of enlightening function,flexible topics,unique content,solemn scene,and public beneficial end,is a favorable carrier of urban and rural community education,an effective way to declare the theme of the times,a beneficial form of public quality education,as well as an effective means to build a harmonious society.Holding public lectures must follow the principles of correct guidance,intimacy to the audience,processing in sequence,seasonal and timely,and popularity.It should adopting strategies and methods such as combining theoretical guide and knowledge disseminating;combining external and internal lecture resources;combining well-known scholars and grassroots persons;combining fixed platform and touring lectures;combining financial appropriation and social donation.
Discovery of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) PET Tracer AMG 580 to Support Clinical Studies.

We report the discovery of PDE10A PET tracer AMG 580 developed to support proof of concept studies with PDE10A inhibitors in the clinic. To find a tracer with higher binding potential (BPND) in NHP than our previously reported tracer 1, we implemented a surface plasmon resonance assay to measure the binding off-rate to identify candidates with slower washout rate in vivo. Five candidates (2–6) from two structurally distinct scaffolds were identified that possessed both the in vitro characteristics that would favor central penetration and the structural features necessary for PET isotope radiolabeling. Two cinnolines (2, 3) and one keto-benzimidazole (5) exhibited PDE10A target specificity and brain uptake comparable to or better than 1 in the in vivo LC–MS/MS kinetics distribution study in SD rats. In NHP PET imaging study, [18F]-5 produced a significantly improved BPND of 3.1 and was nominated as PDE10A PET tracer clinical candidate for further studies.
Diagnosis and Preoperative Evaluation of Pancreatic Cancer, with Implications for Management

At present, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can be achieved only in symptomatic patients. Better diagnostic and staging procedures, which include angiography, laparoscopy, and peritoneal cytology, allow a more accurate preoperative assessment of resectability and may spare the patient an unnecessary operation or provide him or her with the option of transfer to a specialized unit for a definitive operation with lower morbidity and mortality rates.
Hydrogen distribution in heat-treated titanium as established by autoradiography

The duplex heat treatment of the two phase titanium alloys containing relatively large amounts of β-stabilizing elements frequently produces a dark-etching phase at the grain boundaries. An investigation of this phase was conducted on an alloy containing Ti-3 pct Mn-1 pct Fe-1 pct Cr-1 pct Mo-1 pct V in the annealed and in the heat-treated condition. Autoradiography, using tritium as a tracer element, and electron microscopy showed the intergranular phase to be a hydrogen-rich material.
Competencies of women entrepreneurs utilizing information marketing businesses

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the entrepreneurial competencies of women entrepreneurs who used information marketing businesses for their business-related education. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire-based survey of female entrepreneurs who engaged with one information marketing business was conducted. This study utilized Mitchelmore and Rowley’s (2013) survey instrument, Female Entrepreneurial Competencies (FEC), to analyse the four main entrepreneurial competency clusters: personal and relationship, business and management, entrepreneurial, and human relations competencies. Numeric data were collected via survey from women who engaged with a single information marketing company through e-mail and social media. Using descriptive analysis, the participants’ responses were assessed for the purpose of analysing the self-perceptions of their entrepreneurial competency abilities. Findings – The research found women ranked their competencies in the following order, from highest t...
The Second Term: The Struggle with the IMF

In the period from the failure of the December 1977 IMF test to the failure of the December 1979 test economics was clearly in command, that is, political dynamics were fundamentally shaped by the constraints of the economy. The government lost virtually all room for maneuver by early 1978. A combination of three factors put the government entirely on the defensive. First, the harsh austerity measures imposed by the IMF caused a dramatic decline of living standards without producing any signs of arresting the economic decline and laying a basis for recovery. They also deprived the government of the means to carry on with its reform policies by way of their budgetary as well as political implications. Second, the severe internal tensions in the PNP and the demoralization of the activists and parts of the leadership made the government appear even weaker. Third, the opposition very skillfully exploited the political vulnerability of the government, waged a relentless delegitimization campaign and attempted to take advantage of the slipping political base of the government to promote popular countermobilization.
Measurements of continuous-in-energy neutron sources using the BC-523A capture-gated liquid scintillator

Capture-gated detectors are suitable for neutron spectroscopy in mixed neutron and gamma-ray fields. They are less prone to neutron misclassification than standard organic scintillation detectors due to additional measured information available. This information is an additional capture pulse that typically follows the initial neutron scattering pulse. One of commercially available capture-gated detectors is a BC-523A detector. This detector was tested with several continuous-in-energy neutron sources to obtain the detector response and the results are presented in this paper.
Effects of Ageing on the Basic Biology and Anatomy of C. elegans

Many aspects of the biology of the ageing process have been elucidated using C. elegans as a model system. As they grow older, nematodes undergo significant physical and behavioural declines that are strikingly similar to what is seen in ageing humans. Most of the major tissue systems of C. elegans, including the cuticle (skin), hypodermis, muscles, intestine, and reproductive system, undergo dramatic physical changes with increasing age. The ageing nervous system undergoes more subtle changes including dendritic restructuring and synaptic deterioration. Many of the physical changes become more apparent near the end of reproduction. In conjunction with tissue ageing, some behaviours, such as locomotion, pumping and defecation, decline substantially during the ageing process. Interestingly, some aspects of physical and behavioural decline are delayed in longevity mutant backgrounds, while other changes are not altered. This chapter provides an introduction to the general features of C. elegans anatomy and describes what is currently known about the physical changes that accompany the normal ageing process. It should be noted that some descriptions summarized herein have not been previously published, so that despite the review theme, novel aspects of the ageing anatomy are also featured. Given the common features shared between C. elegans and humans during ageing, a greater understanding of the anatomy of this process in C. elegans can help illuminate the nature of ageing-related tissue decline across species.
Performance of V 4Cr 4Ti material exposed to the DIII-D tokamak environment

A series of tests is being conducted in the DIII-D tokamak to determine the effects of environmental exposure on a V-4Cr-4Ti vanadium alloy. These tests are part of the effort to build and install a water-cooled vanadium alloy structure in the DIII-D radiative diverter upgrade. Data from the test series indicate that the performance of the V-4Cr4Ti alloy would not be significantly affected by environmental exposure. Interstitial absorption by the material appears to be limited to the surface, and neither the tensile nor the impact properties of the material appear to be affected by the exposure.
Red Cell-Derived Microparticles (RMP) As Hemostatic Agent: Evaluation in a Rabbit Ear Bleeding Model.

Abstract Abstract 2238 Introduction: We are developing RMP for use as an infusible hemostatic agent to treat bleeding conditions. Preliminary evaluations in vitro, such as by thromboelesatography (TEG), were very promising, and were supported by in vivo studies in a small animal (rat) [Haemophilia 2011; 17: 44]. It was shown that RMP not only accelerate coagulation and correct hemostatic aberration of factor-deficient plasma but also enhance platelet aggregation and adhesion, suggesting its efficacy in both primary and secondary hemostasis [Blood 2011; 118:3263]. Here we report results of initial studies in a large animal, the rabbit ear bleeding model. Methods: RMP were produced by high-pressure extrusion of human RBC, converting >99% of RBC to RMP. Hemostatic efficacy was evaluated in a rabbit ear bleeding model. New Zealand male white rabbits of 2.5–3.5 kg were used. After sedation, the ear was prepared by chlorhexidime scrub, then a standard incision 6 mm wide was made to penetrate the ear (#11 scalpel blade), in a region of the ear devoid of macroscopic (visible) vessels. The ear was maintained at 37°C with a heating pad. Bleeding time (BT) was defined as the time required for the disappearance of blood stains on a filter paper blot. To reliably measure reduction of BT by the RMP product, bleeding was prolonged by administration of busulfan (20 mg/kg SC) twice each at days 1 and 3, to suppress bone marrow, resulting in thrombocytopenia after 7–12 days. BT was significantly prolonged in animals when platelet counts fell to Results: In normal (untreated) rabbits, the BT was 90 ±20 seconds (n = 12). Injection of RMP (3×109/kg, IV) in untreated rabbits resulted in no significant changes in BT, and no major adverse events were seen (n = 6). In thrombocytopenic rabbits, the BT was prolonged to 620 ±130 sec., and prolongation of BT correlated with decrease in platelet counts, 30,000 – 60,000/μL (n = 12). In this range of platelet counts, injection of RMP (at either 1 × 109 or 3 × 109/kg, IV) induced significant shortening of BT, to 440 ±90 sec (n = 8) at the lower dose (p 15 min, RMP had no significant effect. The hemostatic effects disappeared if >30 min elapsed between RMP infusion and making the incision, indicating a short half-life of RMP in circulation. Conclusions: These data confirm efficacy of RMP in thrombocytopenic rabbits. Hemostatic efficacy of RMP was evident in moderate thrombocytopenia, and was dose-dependent. However, efficacy fell off if platelets Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
An Open Access Platform for Analyzing Artistic Style Using Semantic Workflows

We have created an open access online platform for using semantic workflows to analyze artistic style in paintings. We have implemented workflows for both standard computer vision image processing techniques and state-of-the-art methods such as convolutional neural networks to analyze images. These workflows can be used online by non-experts without needing any technical knowledge other than being able to use a browser.
Post-Golgi Trafficking and Ciliary Targeting of Rhodopsin

Vertebrate rod photoreceptors are unique neuroepithelial cells that perform functions essential for vision, which depend on proper compartmentalization and confinement of the photosensitive membranes to the specialized organelles, the rod outer segments. Polarized cell architecture is established through membrane sorting pathways that are regulated by specialized transport machinery, which includes an extensive array of regulatory macromolecular complexes. This article highlights the role of the Arf and Rab guanosine-triphosphatases and their regulators, as well as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor proteins, in polarized trafficking and ciliary targeting of rhodopsin, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of photoreceptor polarity and health.
Density Functional Theory of Metal Surfaces and of Chemisorption on Metals

Applications of the density functional theory to the electronic structure of bare metal surfaces and metal surfaces with adsorbed atoms are reviewed and their usefulness and limitations are discussed. Also included are brief descriptions of some ongoing work on improvement of the underlying approximations and of an adaptation of the Green’s function (KKR) method to the geometry of a film.
Cholesterol, Cell Signaling, and Prostate Cancer

Cholesterol, a sterolic lipid, accumulates in solid tumors. Biochemical mechanisms essential to cholesterol metabolism are altered with age and with the transition to the malignant state. In cell membranes, cholesterol is a mediator of the liquid-ordered state, a biophysical condition that provokes sequestration within discrete membrane microdomains of certain signaling proteins and other lipids. Cholesterol-enriched membrane domains, commonly referred to as lipid rafts, serve as platforms for signal transduction mechanisms that mediate cell growth, survival, and other processes relevant to cancer. This review summarizes the established links between cholesterol and prostate cancer, with a focus on how accumulation of cholesterol within the lipid raft component of the plasma membrane may promote progression to hormone refractory disease. Large-scale characterization of proteins that localize to cholesterol-rich domains may help unravel signaling networks and lead to identification of novel mediators of disease progression.
A Retrospective: 10 Years of Oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) Electrolytes: Demystifying Nanomaterials.

In this retrospective, we first reviewed the synthesis of the oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) electrolytes (OPEs) we created in the past 10 years. Since the general antimicrobial activity of these OPEs...
Audio IoT Analytics for Home Automation Safety

The aim of the paper is to perform audio analytics based on the audio sensor data that is continuously monitoring the home environment automatically through an audio Internet of Things (IoT) system. Domestic violence is one of the major problems in many cities nowadays. We have proposed a home automation system where IoT sensors records the audio in home environment continuously and the audio is sent to machine learning server where the audio is split into small clips and classified into different categories. The need of an automatic detection system is urgent for enforcing home safety and safe neighborhood. If IoT system detects any suspicious sound, it generates an emergency notification to nearest emergency services for possible action to be taken. The classification of audio such as gunshots, explosion, glass breaking, screaming and siren is based on shallow learning (Support vector machine, Decision tree, Random forest and Naive Bayes) and deep learning (Convolutional neural network and Long short-term memory). Our experiments validated that Convolutional Neural Network shows the best performance (89% accuracy) compared to other machine learning algorithms.
Inflation-linked public debt in emerging economies

Abstract This study reports a set of stylized facts about inflation-linked (IL) public debt in emerging economies. On average, emerging economies issue 23% of their local currency (LC) public debt linked to inflation. IL debt issuance is countercyclical, increases in periods of nominal exchange rate depreciations, and substitutes foreign currency (FC) and non-indexed local currency debt. A two-sector small-open economy model of public debt composition can deliver the business-cycle properties of IL debt and shows that, during crises, amid nominal exchange rate depreciations, IL debt becomes cheaper to issue. The study finds evidence of IL rates decreasing in about half of the most recent crises in emerging economies. Finally, the study compares IL rates to FC and LC rates and concludes that, for some countries, IL rates are below LC rates, even after accounting for expected inflation.
DYSGLYCEMIA, EJECTION FRACTION, AND THE RISK OF HEART FAILURE OR CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND A RECENT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Increased risk of elevated glycated hemoglobin (A1C) for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular (CV) death is well known for adults with type 2 diabetes; however, its interaction with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is less well characterized. We assessed the relationships of baseline A1C
Constituents of gaillardia species—III

Abstract Structures have been established for three new sesquiterpene lactones, which were isolated from Gaillardia Fastigiata Greene, and for a previously reported2 minor constituents of G. pinnatifida Torr.
Origins of Fermi-Level Pinning between MolybdenumDichalcogenides (MoSe 2 , MoTe 2 ) and Bulk MetalContacts: Interface Chemistry and Band Alignment

Thin metal films (Au, Ir, Cr, and Sc), deposited by an electron beam on bulk, exfoliated WS2 and WTe2 using two different reactor base pressures (high vacuum (HV) <2 × 10–6 mbar; ultrahigh vacuum (...
Can preimplantation genetic diagnosis be used for monogenic endocrine diseases

Context Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is currently used for over 400 monogenic diseases. Some endocrine conditions that occur due to monogenic defects are either life-threatening or can cause severe morbidities; thus, PGD may be an option to avoid the occurrence of such diseases. Evidence acquisition An initial search in PubMed/Medline search was done to identify monogenic endocrine conditions using appropriate search terms. Eleven articles (1999-2018) reported 15 cases using PGD for monogenic endocrine diseases performed at major reproductive centers. Clinical and outcome data of these cases were reviewed with respect to the number of PGD cycles, successful pregnancy rates, live births and their genetic status. Evidence synthesis Fifteen couples underwent 32 PGD cycles (one to nine per couple), of which 17 resulted in a pregnancy. Seven couples underwent a single PGD cycle. Four couples had successful pregnancies each resulting in live births, one couple had an unsuccessful pregnancy, one needed medical termination of pregnancy and the outcome data were not reported in one. The remaining eight couples underwent multiple PGD cycles (two to nine per couple) and all had successful pregnancies in at least one cycle resulting in 16 live births. Of the total live births, 60% were genetically unaffected and 40% were carriers of the autosomal recessive gene mutation. Conclusions PGD may be a potential tool for preventing the inheritance of severe monogenic endocrine diseases in future generations. Currently, the use of PGD in endocrine disorders is rare but provides a promising option on a case-by-case basis, provided the optimal resources are available.
Long Noncoding RNA Functionality Beyond Sequence: The Jpx Model: Commentary on "Functional Conservation of lncRNA JPX Despite Sequence and Structural Divergence" by Karner et al. (2019).

The mouse lncRNA Jpx has been shown as an essential regulator in X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). Jpx RNA activates Xist expression through its trans-acting ability to evict CTCF from Xist promoter. Karner et al. (2019) reveals the intriguing finding that human JPX and mouse Jpx are functionally conserved although they have low similarity in the primary sequence and the secondary structure. This study provides an excellent model for studying lncRNA's evolution and epigenetic function.
Under-Recognition of Cervical Dystonia: An Essential Tremor Patient with Numerous Textbook Features of Cervical Dystonia

Background: Physical examination findings of dystonia are often underrecognized, especially in the setting of other movement disorders such as essential tremor (ET). Phenomenology Shown: A patient with ET exhibited numerous textbook features of cervical dystonia, which were misattributed to ET by a primary care physician and two neurologists. Educational Value: To provide a clear and unmistakable visual example of the clinically significant characteristics of cervical dystonia in the setting of concomitant ET.