cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Walking Fails

WALKING is the unthinking transportation of daily life, supporting countless but essential tiny trips within homes and beyond. Walking upright also holds profound symbolic importance. Bipedal locomotion, not intellect, defined the first human ancestors 3.6 million years ago. Nowadays, upright movement permeates American aphorisms, connoting independence, autonomy, self-reliance, and strength—"standing on your own two feet," "walking tall." Bipedal imagery suffuses watershed events—"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Because I am increasingly unable to walk due to multiple sclerosis, I have lost not only my once-easy movement but also a core sense of value and place in the world. A simple discovery restored my independence and spirit—an electric wheelchair. Firmly in control of this conveyance, I now go where I want when I want, traveling frequently for my work. Of course, getting around this way has its faustrations, such as unanticipated physical barriers blocking even heavily
Mechanisms of photochemical air pollution.

Selected aspects of the chemistry of photochemical air pollution is discussed and some important, unresolved problems dilineated. The reactive species considered include NO2, O3, O(3P), O(1D), O2(1Δg), OH and HO2. Both the kinetics and mechanicsms of the reactions constituting the major tropospheric sources and sinks of these species are treated where available. The application of this information in both computer and smog chamber simulations of photochemical smog is discussed.
Economics of corruption in doctoral education: The dissertations market

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of “dissertations for sale” in Russia. The tasks of this anthropological study include establishing the problem of corruption in doctoral education, identification of the dissertations suppliers, study of the specific services they offer, analysis of their prices on different services, and generalizations of findings in the context of the educational system. All of these tasks address the supply side of the dissertations market. This paper identifies a total of 169 firms that offer dissertations for sale in Russia. It concludes that the cost of the dissertations market extends far beyond its monetary expression. Fake doctorates undermine the credibility of real, earned doctorates, and erode the gold standard of quality in research and scholarship.
Design principles underpinning the regulatory diversity of protein kinases

Protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes is carried out by a large and diverse family of protein kinases, which display remarkable diversity and complexity in their modes of regulation. The complex modes of regulation have evolved as a consequence of natural selection operating on protein kinase sequences for billions of years. Here we describe how quantitative comparisons of protein kinase sequences from diverse organisms, in particular prokaryotes, have contributed to our understanding of the structural organization and evolution of allosteric regulation in the protein kinase domain. An emerging view from these studies is that regulatory diversity and complexity in the protein kinase domain evolved in a ‘modular’ fashion through elaboration of an ancient core component, which existed before the emergence of eukaryotes. The core component provided the conformational flexibility required for ATP binding and phosphoryl transfer in prokaryotic kinases, but evolved into a highly regulatable domain in eukaryotes through the addition of exaggerated structural features that facilitated tight allosteric control. Family and group-specific features are built upon the core component in eukaryotes to provide additional layers of control. We propose that ‘modularity’ and ‘conformational flexibility’ are key evolvable traits of the protein kinase domain that contributed to its extensive regulatory diversity and complexity.
NLF Airfoil and Wing Design by Adjoint Method and Automatic Transition Prediction

This paper describes the application of optimization technique based on control theory for natural-laminar-∞ow airfoil and wing design in viscous compressible ∞ow modeled by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A laminar-turbulent transition prediction module which consists of a boundary layer method and two e N -database methods for Tollmien-Schlichting and cross∞ow instabilities is coupled with ∞ow solver to predict and prescribe transition locations automatically. Results of the optimization will demonstrate that an airfoil can be designed to have the desired favorable pressure gradient for laminar ∞ow and the new airfoil can be redesigned for higher Mach number for performance beneflts while still maintains reasonable amount of laminar ∞ow. For 3D wing, a cost function which is used to minimize the drag and, at the same time, try to maintain the suction peak at 40 » 50% chord is used. The redesigned wing conflguration will demonstrate an overall improvement not only at a single design point, but also at ofi-design conditions. The results prove the feasibility and necessary of incorporating laminar-turbulent transition prediction with ∞ow solver in natural laminar-∞ow wing design.
NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF NpC.

Abstract A neutron diffraction investigation ofpolycrystalline NpC has confirmed the measurements of magnetic susceptibility which suggested that the compound is antiferromagnetic between 310° and 220°K, and ferromagnetic below 220°K. Neptunium carbide has the NaCl type structure (a = 4.992 A ) ; the antiferromagnetic structure consists of ferromagnetic layers perpendicular to [001] coupled antiferromagnetically with the spin direction along the [001] axis. The change in ordered moment in the antiferromagnetic region below 310°K does not follow a Brillouin function. The maximum moment in the antiferromagnetic state is 1.3 ± 0.1 μB and the magnetic form factor for the neptunium atom has been determined at low angles. The transition to ferromagnetism is probably first order, and the initial moment at 218°K is 1.6 μB. The moment increases to a maximum value of 2.1 ± 0.1 μB at ∼150°K and remains constant to 6°K.
CMOS Mixed-Signal Circuit Process Variation Sensitivity Characterization for Yield Improvement

A mixed-signal circuit?s performance and yield dependency on process variation are investigated with numerical circuit solution, statistical simulation, and implemented circuit measurement in 65nm partially-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process. Increased relative variation in 65nm process is examined with site-to-site and wafer-to-wafer process variations. A current-controlled oscillator?s performance and device threshold voltages are cross-correlated using simulation and RF measurement. Up to 93.9% cross-correlation between oscillation frequency and device threshold voltage is obtained, and strong model-to-hardware correlation is observed through statistical analysis of simulation result and circuit measurement. The yield learning process of design, simulation, measurement, and statistical analysis is proposed.
Allosteric Inhibition of the Regulator of G Protein Signaling–Gα Protein–Protein Interaction by CCG-4986

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act to temporally modulate the activity of G protein subunits after G protein-coupled receptor activation. RGS proteins exert their effect by directly binding to the activated Gα subunit of the G protein, catalyzing the accelerated hydrolysis of GTP and returning the G protein to its inactive, heterotrimeric form. In previous studies, we have sought to inhibit this GTPase-accelerating protein activity of the RGS protein by using small molecules. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of CCG-4986 [methyl-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-nitro-benzenesulfinimidoate], a previously reported small-molecule RGS inhibitor. Here, we find that CCG-4986 inhibits RGS4 function through the covalent modification of two spatially distinct cysteine residues on RGS4. We confirm that modification of Cys132, located near the RGS/Gα interaction surface, modestly inhibits Gα binding and GTPase acceleration. In addition, we report that modification of Cys148, a residue located on the opposite face of RGS4, can disrupt RGS/Gα interaction through an allosteric mechanism that almost completely inhibits the Gα–RGS protein–protein interaction. These findings demonstrate three important points: 1) the modification of the Cys148 allosteric site results in significant changes to the RGS interaction surface with Gα; 2) this identifies a “hot spot” on RGS4 for binding of small molecules and triggering an allosteric change that may be significantly more effective than targeting the actual protein-protein interaction surface; and 3) because of the modification of a positional equivalent of Cys148 in RGS8 by CCG-4986, lack of inhibition indicates that RGS proteins exhibit fundamental differences in their responses to small-molecule ligands.
Improved Genetic Mapping of Endosperm Traits Using NCIII and TTC Designs

The endosperm in plants is a major source of human nutrition and industrial raw material. The genetic study of endosperm poses a great challenge due to its complex genetic composition and unique physical and developmental properties. In this note, we shall revisit 2 classic mating designs-North Carolina Design III (NCIII) and triple test cross (TTC)-and demonstrate their efficiency in detecting quantitative trait loci underlying endosperm traits.
Retention and Transfer of Motor Skills: A Review for the Practitioner

This paper reviews the literature on retention and transfer of motor skills to determine what is currently known about these two topics and to apply this knowledge to sport and physical education environments. Within each topic, eight areas are identified as being particularly useful in bridging the gap between the laboratory and the world of the practitioner. In some of these areas, however, it is acknowledged that the present state of knowledge is less than adequate for making generalizations to applied settings. Therefore, more research is needed that is both theoretically and empirically based and from which practitioners can draw their technology.
Ancillary Scientist Symposium: Skeletal Biology and Related Problems in Poultry

Abstract Among the many tissues in the human body bone has perhaps the highest potential for regeneration and repair. Bone grafts have been used by surgeons to aid in the repair of recalcitrant bone fractures. Urist made the key discovery that demineralized, lyophilized segments of rabbit bone induced new bone formation when implanted in an intramuscular site. Studies in my laboratory dissected the bone morphogenetic cascade into distinct steps such as chemotaxis and mitosis of progenitor stem cells and their differentiation into cartilage and replacement by bone. The sequential morphogenetic cascade is reminiscent of cartilage and bone morphogenesis in the embryonic limb bud with implications for isolation of morphogens for bone induction from demineralized extracellular matrix. It is traditional to isolate morphogens in fly and frog embryos by genetic approaches, expressed sequence tags, expression cloning, differential displays and subtractive hybridization. The information from flies and frogs are then extended to mice and men. I will demonstrate a nontraditional approach of morphogen isolation from adult bone by the biochemical grind and find approach. This type of approach has spawned a superfamily of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMP). The BMP are pleiotropic molecules with discrete thresholds for their biological actions. The motogenic, mitogenic, and morphogenetic actions of BMP are concentration dependent. The BMP have actions beyond bone as gleaned from gene knockout experiments with homologous recombination. BMP have a pivotal role in heart, kidney, skin, eye, and tooth development. BMP elicit their actions via specific BMP receptors I and II. These are membrane bound serine/threonine protein kinases. The cytoplasmic substrate for BMP-receptor kinases are Smads 1, 5, and 8, which associate with Smad 4 prior to nuclear translocation to activate the transcriptional machinery. Mutations in BMP and CDMP (also known as GDF) have been implicated in abnormal skeletal development. For example mutations in CDMP 1 (GDF 5) has been identified in certain chondrodysplasias. The cloning of BMP and related morphogens has led to clinical applications in orthopedic surgery, dentistry, and plastic and reconstructive surgeries. Vignettes of clinical applications in orthopedics and craniofacial and periodontal surgeries will be exemplified. The emerging advances in BMP and skeletal development will facilitate the design and manufacture of spare parts for human skeleton based on tissue engineering principles. Tissue engineering is the science of manufacture of spare parts for the human body based on morphogens, stem cells, extracellular matrix-based biomimetic biomaterials, and bioengineering.
High- Q Embedded Passives on Large Panel Multilayer Liquid Crystalline Polymer-Based Substrate

This paper presents high-Q embedded passives on a multilayer liquid crystalline polymer (M-LCP)-based substrate for a low-profile, compact, mixed-signal system integration with high performance. A low loss and a low water absorption are advantages of LCP. It is also lower-cost material than other high-frequency materials such as low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) due to its compatibility to printed wiring board (PWB) process. Low loss characteristics of LCP provide high-Q passives such as inductors, capacitors, and matching networks. Seventy-six inductors and sixteen capacitors were characterized from three different 9 in times 12 in multilayer LCP panels. Two different locations from each board were chosen to preliminarily validate the large panel process of the M-LCP substrate. The highest quality factor (Q) of 164 was achieved with 2.55 nH at 5.05 GHz. The inductors range from 1.45 to 23.11 nH and Qs range from 43 to 164. Inductors in various embedded layers were characterized for realization of 3-D integration in multilayer LCP substrate for multiband applications. To remove the parasitics from pads and interconnections, a two-step de-embedding technique was applied. The model-to-hardware correlations are presented in this paper. Twelve 3-D capacitors were also designed and characterized, which provide more than double the capacitance of standard capacitors. Low-loss filters and baluns at 5 GHz were simulated and measured using the designed high-Q passives. The designed high-Q embedded passives on M-LCP-based substrates provide a systematic 3-D integration method for achieving low-profile, high-performance, and compact modules.
MMP-Independent Role of TIMP-1 at the Blood Brain Barrier during Viral Encephalomyelitis

Infection of the CNS (central nervous system) with a sublethal neurotropic coronavirus (JHMV) induces a vigorous inflammatory response. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential to control infectious virus but at the cost of tissue damage. An enigma in understanding the contribution of T cell subsets in pathogenesis resides in their distinct migration pattern across the BBB (blood brain barrier). CD4+ T cells transiently accumulate within the perivascular space, whereas CD8+ T cells migrate directly into the CNS parenchyma. As MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) facilitate migration across the glia limitans, specific expression of the TIMP (tissue inhibitor of MMPs)-1 by CD4+ T cells present in the perivascular cuffs suggested that TIMP-1 is responsible for stalling CD4+ T cell migration into the CNS parenchyma. Using TIMP-1 deficient mice, the present data demonstrate an increase rather than a decrease in CD4+ T cell accumulation within the perivascular space during JHMV infection. Whereas virus control was not affected by perivascular retention of CD4+ T cells, disease severity was decreased and associated with reduced IFNγ (interferon γ) production. Moreover, decreased CD4+ T cell recruitment into the CNS parenchyma of TIMP-1 deficient mice was not associated with impaired T cell recruiting chemokines or MMP expression, and no compensation by other TIMP molecules was identified. These data suggest an MMP-independent role of TIMP-1 in regulating CD4+ T cell access into the CNS parenchyma during acute JHMV encephalitis.
Association of a purine-analogue-sensitive protein kinase activity with p75 nerve growth factor receptors

Abstract Purine analogues are protein kinase inhibitors, and they block with varying potency and specificity certain of the biological actions of nerve growth factor (NGF). The analogue 6-thioguanine (6-TG) has been shown to inhibit with high specificity protein kinase N (PKN), a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by NGF in several cellular systems. In the present work, immunoprecipitates of p75 NGF receptors from PC12 cells (+/-NGF treatment) were assayed for protein kinase activity using the substrate myelin basic protein under phosphorylating conditions optimal for PKN and in the presence or absence of purine analogues. An NGF-inducible activity was detected, and approximately 80% was inhibited by purine analogues. This activity was maximally stimulated by NGF within 5-10 min, partially decreased by 60 min, and returned to basal levels after 15 h of NGF treatment. The analogue 6-TG inhibited the NGF-inducible p75-associated kinase activity with an IC50 in the range of 15-35 microM. In mutant PC12 nnr-5 cells that lack the Trk NGF receptor, the purine-analogue-sensitive p75-associated kinase activity was not inducible by NFG. In normal PC12 cells, cyclic AMP analogues and epidermal growth factor failed to induce the same activity. Application of either 2-aminopurine or 6-TG to intact cells only slightly inhibit the NGF-dependent induction of the purine-analogue-inhibited p75-associated kinase activity. This activity shares many similarities but also displays some significant differences with cytosolic PKN. Our findings therefore indicate the association of a purine-analogue-sensitive protein kinase with p75 NGF receptors.
Breast Cancer and Ethnicity: Strong Association between Reproductive Risk Factors and Estrogen Receptor Status in Asian Patients—A Retrospective Study

Breast cancer characteristics vary in racial/ethnic groups. Reproductive risk factors have been associated with estrogen receptor positive disease. We examined the association between reproductive risk factors and receptor status in different racial/ethnic groups to determine if some of the variation can be explained by a different reproductive risk profile. A retrospective chart review of all new breast cancer cases presenting to Elmhurst Hospital Center (Elmhurst, NY) between 1997 and 2004 was conducted. Data including patient characteristics and tumor characteristics were obtained. Four hundred ninety-nine patients were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of patients with estrogen positive disease and the second of those with estrogen negative disease. Association between reproductive risk factors and estrogen receptor status was examined for each racial group. There was a significant variability in patient age, age at menarche, parity, rates of nulliparity, age at first birth, and rates of menopause between the different ethnic groups. We found a strong, statistically significant association between reproductive risk factors and estrogen positive disease in the Asian group, where 96% of breast cancer patients who were either nulliparous or had late onset of first childbirth were found to have estrogen positive disease, whereas only 52% of those without these risk factors were found to be estrogen positive. For black patients the rates were 55% versus 56%, for Hispanic patients 64% versus 61%, and for non-Hispanic whites 74% versus 81%. In our patient population, differences in breast cancer characteristics could not be ascribed to a different reproductive risk pattern.
Effects of bromocriptine treatment on immune responses and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumorigenesis in rats.

AbstractSeven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single injection of 1.5 mg of 3–methylcholanthrene (3MC) to induce in situ fibrosarcomas. the rats were also treated with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine (BCR) from two days prior to 14 days after 3MC treatment and again for 14 consecutive days beginning at week 5. Tumor incidence was markedly increased and latency decreased in BCR-3MC rats compared to 3MC controls. Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity responses and production of interleukin 2 (IL2) was enhanced at two weeks in rats treated with only BCR. Natural killer cell activity was suppressed at two weeks in rats treated with only 3MC. This effect was reversed by BCR treatment. Rats treated with 3MC and BCR had suppressed NK cell responses and production of IL2 and interferon-γ (IFN) at 12 weeks.In another study, rats injected with 1, 3 or 5 mg/kg BCR for 14 consecutive days had increased NK cell activity and IL2 production at all doses and increased IFN production at the two high dose...
Disruption and Disintermediation: A Review of the Collection Development and Management Literature, 2009 and 2010

This paper reviews the literature of collection development and management from 2009 and 2010. Themes and trends reflect the profound effect of environmental forces on libraries, including the economic recession, changes in scholarly communication, and an increasingly networked environment. Libraries reduced print collections and moved them to storage or shared repositories and assessed collections to find efficiencies and demonstrate value. Research libraries moved away from collecting everything toward mission-focused collecting, with an emphasis on unique collections. Collaboration across libraries, within institutions, and with nonlibrary partners continued as a key management strategy. Libraries shifted from a just-in-case to a just-in-time approach to collection development, and subject specialists identified new areas of responsibility, such as data curation.
The cerebellum and event timing.

Damage to the cerebellum disrupts performance on a range of tasks that require precise timing including the production of skilled movements, eyeblink conditioning, and perceptual tasks such as duration discrimination. We hypothesize that such tasks involve event timing, a form of representation in which the temporal goals are explicitly represented. For example, during finger tapping, the goal to produce evenly paced intervals invokes an explicit temporal representation of the time between successive contact points with the tapping surface. In contrast, timing can be an emergent property in other actions, reflecting temporal consistencies that arise through the control of other movement parameters. One example is continuous circle drawing, a task in which temporal consistency can be achieved by maintaining a constant angular velocity or minimizing higher-order derivatives (e.g., jerk). Temporal consistency on event and emergent timing tasks is not correlated and patients with cerebellar damage show no increase in temporal variability during continuous circle drawing. While the cerebellum likely contributes to performance of a wide range of skilled behaviors, it appears to be especially important when the tasks entail event timing.
A behavioral momentum approach is effective for prompting acquisition and fluency outcomes of tacting in children with autism spectrum disorder

Kelly, L., & Holloway, J. (2015). An investigation of the effectiveness of behavioral momentum on the acquisition and fluency outcomes of tacts in three children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 9, 182–192.Source of funding and declaration of interests: None reported.
A case for terrorism as genocide in an era of weakened states

AbstractGenocide is often linked to the rise of the nation state, although it is clear that it has existed as long as warfare itself. The Armenian genocide and the Jewish Holocaust are examples of attempts by states to kill off specific sub-populations based on their identity. The advent of globalization, the rise of non-state actors, and the weakening of the state have opened the door to a new phenomenon: terrorism as genocide. Since 2003, the Islamic State movement has carried on a campaign of targeting Iraqi Shia and Yazidi civilians resulting in thousands of dead. This targeting has proceeded apace, regardless of leadership changes, funding, or relative strength of the group. This paper argues that the Shia and Yazidi in Iraq are subject to a genocidal campaign by ISIS, based on a quantitative analysis of attacks on civilians and the existing United Nations frameworks for the prevention of genocide. Furthermore, a bias against non-state actors as possible perpetrators could blind the international com...
Institutional Change in Financial Systems

This paper summarizes and evaluates changes in the financial systems of the advanced capitalist economies since the early 1980s. It does not focus directly on the development of international financial markets per se, though developments in this area are intricately linked with institutional change in domestic financial systems. The first section reviews alternative approaches to comparing financial systems and conceptualising their broader political-economic functions. The second section provides a brief empirical summary of key changes in financial systems, broadly captured by the concept of financialisation. The third section addresses debates on how to explain change in financial systems. The final section revisits the issue of financial system typologies, looks more closely at the changing function of financial systems vis-a-vis the real economy and the financial crisis of the late 2000s, and concludes with an agenda for future research in the field.
Resonance Van Hove singularities in wave kinetics

Abstract Wave kinetic theory has been developed to describe the statistical dynamics of weakly nonlinear, dispersive waves. However, we show that systems which are generally dispersive can have resonant sets of wave modes with identical group velocities, leading to a local breakdown of dispersivity. This shows up as a geometric singularity of the resonant manifold and possibly as an infinite phase measure in the collision integral. Such singularities occur widely for classical wave systems, including acoustical waves, Rossby waves, helical waves in rotating fluids, light waves in nonlinear optics and also in quantum transport, e.g. kinetics of electron–hole excitations (matter waves) in graphene. These singularities are the exact analogue of the critical points found by Van Hove in 1953 for phonon dispersion relations in crystals. The importance of these singularities in wave kinetics depends on the dimension of phase space D = ( N − 2 ) d ( d physical space dimension, N the number of waves in resonance) and the degree of degeneracy δ of the critical points. Following Van Hove, we show that non-degenerate singularities lead to finite phase measures for D > 2 but produce divergences when D ≤ 2 and possible breakdown of wave kinetics if the collision integral itself becomes too large (or even infinite). Similar divergences and possible breakdown can occur for degenerate singularities, when D − δ ≤ 2 , as we find for several physical examples, including electron–hole kinetics in graphene. When the standard kinetic equation breaks down, then one must develop a new singular wave kinetics. We discuss approaches from pioneering 1971 work of Newell & Aucoin on multi-scale perturbation theory for acoustic waves and field-theoretic methods based on exact Schwinger–Dyson integral equations for the wave dynamics.
Intradermal test for determining resistance to infectious canine hepatitis virus.

SummaryAn intradermal test for detecting resistance to infectious canine hepatitis is described. Sixteen of 17 animals showing negative tests were susceptible to the disease. Fourteen of 16 positive reactions were resistant to experimental challenge. The test apparently has a much greater sensitivity than the complement-fixation test.
Mathilde Anneke's Stories of Slavery in the German-American Press

German-Americans of the nineteenth century, obviously reached a considerably larger number of readers than any fiction in book form. Labeled and categorized as trivial literature, lacking the esthetic standards that warrant scholarly investigation, newspaper stories have rarely attracted literary historians. Yet, I fully agree with Peter Merrill who points to "the importance of newspaper research for the study of German-American belletristic prose, and the relevance of current research on the serialized novel to German-American studies."' For the authors of newspaper stories, their writings fulfilled a dual purpose: they offered entertainment and they provided propaganda for political purposes. With the arrival of the Forty-eighters in America, a sudden and tremendous growth of German newspapers in the United States occurred. The German Forty-eighters were the refugees of the unsuccessful revolution of 1848-49 which attempted to throw off the yoke of feudalism and establish liberty, equality, and justice for all. A large number of the Forty-eighters consisted of liberal intellectuals, lawyers, doctors, teachers, and officers. Many of them turned to journalism with the hope of keeping the spirit of the revolution alive in both the old country and in the new homeland. After their arrival in the United States, they soon recognized the inconsistency between the American dream of liberty and justice for all, and the realities of social and political life. Many writers made it their objective to crusade against social injustices in this country, particularly against slavery, just as they previously fought against the privileges of the aristocracy and against the oppression of the common man. The overwhelming majority of the writers depicted slavery as an evil, with the intention of drawing the sympathies of the reader to the side of the slaves and raising the sympathies of their fellow countrymen for abolition. It is, therefore, not surprising that the most passionate German writings MELUS, Volume 6, No. 4, Winter 1979
Long-term vascular, motor, and sensory donor site outcomes after ulnar forearm flap harvest.

Use of the ulnar forearm flap (UFF) is limited by concerns for ulnar nerve injury and impaired perfusion in the donor extremity. Twenty UFFs were performed over a 6-year period. All patients underwent postoperative bilateral upper extremity arterial duplex studies. A subset of postoperative patients (n = 10) also had bilateral upper extremity sensory and motor evaluations, and functional evaluation via the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH). Motor function was tested by digital and key grip dynamometry. Ulnar nerve sensation was tested by evaluation of one- and two-point perceived pressure thresholds and two-point discrimination using the Pressure-Specified Sensory Device (Sensory Management Services, LLC, Baltimore, MD). All UFFs were viable postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 28.8 months for vascular studies and 45.3 months for motor, sensory, and QuickDASH evaluations. Although mid and distal radial artery flow velocities were significantly higher in donor versus control extremities evaluated at less than 1 year postoperatively, there was no significant difference in extremities evaluated at later time points. Digital pressures, grip strength, key pinch strength, and ulnar sensation were equivalent between donor and control extremities. The mean QuickDASH score was 17.4 ± 23.8. The UFF can be harvested reliably and long-term follow-up shows no evidence of impaired vascular, motor, or sensory function in the donor extremity.
Utilizing Chemical Raman Enhancement: A Route for Metal Oxide Support-Based Biodetection

Raman scattering enhancement was observed in systems where different metal oxide semiconductors (TiO2, Fe2O3, ZrO2, and CeO2) were modified with enediol ligands. The intensity of Raman scattering was dependent on laser frequency and correlated with the extinction coefficient of the CT complex of the enediol ligands and nanoparticles. The mechanism of Raman enhancement was studied by varying both the chemical composition of the enediol ligand and the chemical composition (and crystal structure) of the nanoparticles. We found that the intensity of the Raman signal depends on the number of surface binding sites, electron density of the ligands, and their dipole moment. Changes in chemical composition caused variations in the intensity, frequency, and number of Raman bands observed. We also showed that Raman scattering is observed for the bioconjugated system, where a peptide is linked to the surface of the particle through a catechol linker, and further investigated the potential for such a system in the dev...
Advanced Orofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Retrospective Study of 31 Cases.

Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma encountered in childhood and adolescence. Early diagnosis of pediatric cases is critical to improving outcomes, especially when socioeconomic status and geographical access to specialist services can reduce opportunities for early cancer detection and treatment. Objective The objective of this study is to determine factors that can delay referral and treatment in specialist pediatric oncology center upon our population specificities. Methods This retrospective study involved 31 children between 2003 and 2013. Children affected by histologically confirmed RMS occurring as a primary lesion in the orofacial area were included. Results The median age was 8 ± 4.22 years (range: 3 months – 15 years). The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Most of the patients had advanced stage disease at presentation (81.7% group had 3–4 pretreatment staging) with parameningeal involvement in 80.6% of the cases. The 2-year event-free survival rate was 17.7 ± 7.8% for all the patients. Delay of admission to our unit and abandonment of treatment seem to be important factors for the dismal prognosis. Conclusion Patient's location, socioeconomic status and health care coverage have had an impact on longer delays in seeking care and on follow-up. More studies are needed for implementation of a better management practices and a better supportive care upon specificities of our population.
Age and Gender as Factors in Cancer Therapy

Cancer is primarily a disease of elderly individuals. This article reviews the pertinent literature on the effects of age in relation to the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, with special emphasis on diseases common in older women. The available literature on gender-specific issues and cancer are described, followed by a brief discussion of comorbidity, treatment preferences, and quality of life considerations in the treatment of older women with cancer
Poetry and Society

As we have seen, most poems have signs of the era in which they were written although the poem itself need not be concerned primarily with illuminating the historical period. At the same time, there is a body of poetry that draws upon the historical scene as a means of bringing into focus the failings or injustices of the poet’s society.
Novel 0.2 mu m i-lithography by phase-shifting on the substrate (POST)

The authors propose a novel i-line lithography by phase-shifting on the substrate (POST). with POST, 0.2 mu m resist patterns have been achieved by using an i-line stepper and conventional masks without phase shifters. It was confirmed that fine patterns were formed by the phase-shifting effect in the resist on the substrate. Simulation suggests that POST has a better resolution than a phase-shifting mask. It has been demonstrated that, with POST, it is possible to define patterns for ULSIs such as the 256 Mbit DRAM by i-line lithography. >
The Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2063: Implications for Economic Integration in Africa

This paper examines how Africa’s recent efforts to promote economic integration, specifically the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the proposed Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) are supported by and in harmony with the Post 2015 Development Agenda and the African Union’s Agenda 2063 initiative. The World Bank’s Global Economic Prospects projects for the period 2014-2017 that five of the world’s 13 top growing economies will be in Africa. However, it is distressing and puzzling that such growth has not been accompanied by reduced poverty, income inequality and unemployment. It is also unsettling that few states met all of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which expired at the end of last year. Furthermore, Africa will likely be confronted by daunting challenges in the near term. This ominous situation is enhanced by the nature of Africa’s trade, both within the continent and in the global economy. To counter some of these constraints, especially the tariff barriers, the RECs and the CFTA will be critical in stimulating trade growth. Increased economic integration, either on a regional level or on a continent-wide level under the general guidelines of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063 will result in increased trade which will, in the long term, increase incomes, reduce poverty, increase employment, provide greater consumer choice, and will offer shelter from exogenous external shocks. However, at least in the short term, such gains are also typically accompanied by loses. This paper calls for a continental Integration Compensation Funding Mechanism (ICFM) to balance some of these loses. The ICFM would be developed and managed by the African Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the African Union.
"It Takes Longer, but When It Hits You It Hits You!": Videos About Marijuana Edibles on YouTube.

Background: Interest in marijuana edibles has increased as perceptions of harm from marijuana have decreased. Media and peer influences impact youth substance use, and YouTube is the most popular v...
The IS–LM Debacle: An Analysis of Nearly Nine Decades of Errors Committed by Economists Attempting to Deal with J M Keynes's (Not Hicks's) IS-LM Analysis in the General Theory

Keynes’s IS-LM model was first used by Keynes himself in 1933 and 1934, both as a teaching device for undergraduate students and as a way to try out his new, theoretical ideas that he was developing for use in his future General Theory. Keynes’s IS-LM constructs incorporated uncertainty and confidence into BOTH the IS curve and the LM curve by means of an independent variable called the “State of the News”. It has later replaced by confidence. Keynes denoted this independent variable by the symbol W. The only published IS-LM paper that follows Keynes’s treatment of IS–LM in the General Theory is Champernowne’s 1936 paper. Hicks, Harrod, Meade, and Lange, in 1938, explicitly removed this independent variable from their versions of IS-LM because they were completely ignorant about what W stood for. Only Champernowne incorporated independent Q and Q’ variables into his IS and LM model in a manner that matched Keynes’s version, which, not surprisingly, is based on the “state of the news” and uncertainty as it relates to the confidence exhibited by decision makers in their demand for money and investment decisions. Keynes told J Hicks quite bluntly that he, Keynes, had already developed the IS-LM curves using the variable Y, instead of Hicks’s I, long before Hicks did. However, Keynes went on to talk about the need for incorporating clear cut price and profit expectations into the IS curve. Keynes accomplished this in chapters 20 and 21 with his aggregate supply curve, ASC, a locus of all D, expected aggregate demand functions, and Z, expected aggregate supply functions, intersections. Hicks was completely confused and could not follow what Keynes was telling him about chapter 20 of the GT. Unfortunately, the entire economics profession has, since 1937, followed Hicks, Harrod, Meade, and Lange in their erroneous claims about Keynes, the General Theory, and IS-LM, while completely ignoring Champernowne’s correct assessment of IS and LM in his paper. Champernowne’s paper has been, however, constantly cited in the literature since the late 1930’s. Apparantly, no one ever actually read his complete paper. The same can be said about chapter 15 in Keynes’s General Theory. This means that the entire economics literature on Keynes’s General Theory since 1936 is completely flawed except for one lone article published in 1936 by Champernowne. Moreover, it is impossible to fix the flaws at this stage because it would result in the implosion of the entire economics profession worldwide.
Teachers and Counselors: Building Math Confidence in Schools

Mathematics teachers need to take on the role of counselors in addressing the math anxious in today's math classrooms. This paper looks at the impact math anxiety has on the future of young adults in our high-tech society. Teachers and professional school counselors are encouraged to work together to prevent and reduce math anxiety. It is important that all students feel confident in their ability to do mathematics in an age that relies so heavily on problem solving, technology, science, and mathematics. It really is a school's obligation to see that their students value and feel confident in their ability to do math, because ultimately a child's life: all decisions they will make and careers choices may be determined based on their disposition toward mathematics. This paper raises some interesting questions and provides some strategies (See Appendix A) for teachers and counselors for addressing the issue of math anxiety while discussing the importance of developing mathematically confident young people for a high-tech world of STEM.
Field distributions of the hybrid modes in rectangular waveguides filled with uniaxial media with tilted optic axis lying in sidewall planes

The field distributions of various modes in rectangular waveguides filled with uniaxial media are presented. The presented cases include aligned cases when the optic axis is parallel to one of the coordinate axes and the tilted cases when the optic axis is not parallel to any of the coordinate axes but still lies within one of the two side-wall planes. In the aligned uniaxial-z case the analytical solution is compared with the results of the dyadic green's functions (DGF). In other aligned cases the field distributions of selected extra-ordinary wave modes are also plotted and to be compared with the isotropic case. In the tilted cases, the field distributions of the hybrid modes which are coupled ordinary-waves and extra-ordinary waves show asymmetry which is not seen in the aligned cases and isotropic case. The validity of the hybrid mode field plots are verified by comparing a limiting tilted case with analytical solutions of an aligned case.
Cytotechnologists as coinvestigators in anatomical pathology research.

BACKGROUND The amount of time available to pathologists with which to perform research is becoming limited due to an increasing manpower shortage in pathology, decreased reimbursement, and increased workload. This is occurring at the same time as demands escalate for pathologists to develop new companion tests, correlate the molecular findings with traditional methods, and assist in the development of individualized medicine. This study examined whether cytotechnologists may be integrated into a research team that uses their expertise in understanding pathology and clinical disease to provide interpretations of experiments that traditionally were performed by pathologists. METHODS Cytotechnologists worked with pathologists to choose blocks for tissue microarrays (TMAs) and to interpret immunohistochemically stained TMA slides. The pathologist met with the cytotechnologist to review the study design. The cytotechnologists reviewed the slides and blocks and chose the most appropriate blocks for the TMA. Either 10% or all of the slides/blocks selected for TMA construction were reviewed by the supervising pathologist. The final selections were given to the TMA technologist to make the TMA. A minimum of 10% of the immunohistochemically stained TMA slides were reviewed by the supervising pathologist. RESULTS A total of 32 TMAs were created with 6 cytotechnologists collaborating with 6 pathologists. Immunohistochemical stains of 190 TMAs were interpreted by 4 cytotechnologists collaborating with 3 pathologists. All the TMAs and TMA interpretation data were used successfully for the research for which they were designed. CONCLUSIONS The collaboration of cytotechnologists and pathologists in research can improve the quality of effort and increase satisfaction and productivity. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:232-5. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Hermann Samuel Reimarus, the Jewish priests of the Old Testament and the trope of imposture

In recent years, the Radical Enlightenment has been primarily associated with the philosophical criticism of Spinoza and his disciples. But the Radical Enlightenment’s attack on Christianity did no...
A Comparison of the Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen Fludarabine/Busulfan with Cyclophosphamide/Total Body Irradiation, for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Modern Era: A Cohort Analysis

Abstract With improvement in transplantation practices in the modern era, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has improved, while disease relapse rates have remained unchanged. Survival outcomes are therefore driven by NRM in the modern era. Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens are used to maximize disease control and facilitate engraftment; however, their use is often limited by toxicity. The commonly used MAC regimens incorporate either chemotherapy plus total body irradiation (TBI) or combination chemotherapy. Furthermore, reduced-toxicity myeloablative (RTM) regimens, such as fludarabine/busulfan (FluBu), have emerged as alternatives to traditional MAC and their impact on outcomes in the current era have not been fully investigated. In this study, we compare outcomes following HSCT, using the chemotherapy only RTM MAC regimens FluBu with the chemoradiotherapy regimen cyclophosphamide/TBI (CyTBI), for patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent MAC HSCT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. We hypothesized that the chemotherapy-only regimen would fare better, primarily due to improved NRM. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 387 patients with myeloid or lymphoid hematologic malignancies who underwent HLA-matched related (8/8), matched unrelated (8/8), or single-antigen mismatched unrelated (7/8) HSCT following myeloablative conditioning. Patients received FluBu (n = 158) or CyTBI (n = 229). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and all other outcomes were regarded as secondary. A subset analysis was performed for patients
Effective moisture penetration depth model for residential buildings: Sensitivity analysis and guidance on model inputs

Abstract Moisture buffering of building materials has a significant impact on the building's indoor humidity, and building energy simulations need to model this buffering to accurately predict the humidity. Researchers requiring a simple moisture-buffering approach typically rely on the effective-capacitance model, which has been shown to be a poor predictor of actual indoor humidity. This paper describes an alternative two-layer effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) model and its inputs. While this model has been used previously, there is a need to understand the sensitivity of this model to uncertain inputs. In this paper, we use the moisture-adsorbent materials exposed to the interior air: drywall, wood, and carpet. We use a global sensitivity analysis to determine which inputs are most influential and how the model's prediction capability degrades due to uncertainty in these inputs. We then compare the model's humidity prediction with measured data from five houses, which shows that this model, and a set of simple inputs, can give reasonable prediction of the indoor humidity.