cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymers zippered-up by electric charge reveal themselves.

In the current issue of ACS Nano, Lobling, Haataja et al. craft polymeric nanoparticles with a hierarchy of nontrivial surface structures by combining conventional interpolyelectrolyte complexation with steric control from an uncharged copolymer block. Remarkable cylindrical and lamellar nanodomains are produced on the polyionic coronae of spherical micelles. Here, we discuss generalizing this elegant self-assembly strategy and provide speculative perspectives for its future potential for new nanomaterials.
Overview on Prevalence and Recent Trends in Adolescent Substance Use and Abuse

Substance use and consequent disorders have burdened US health care, criminal justice, and society at large for centuries. Pathological substance use almost invariably begins before 25 years of age, demonstrating how critical adolescence is within the etiology, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorder. This article provides a high-level overview of the prevalence of substance use disorders to provide a context within which the remaining issue provides in-depth descriptions of the evidence on specific topics. Described herein are trends in substance use, substance use disorder, and demographic comparisons.
Expression and significance of NF-κB and Th2 cytokines in human ulcerative colitis

【Objective】 To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10),and to explore the role of those molecules in ulcerative colitis (UC).【Methods】 Thirty out-patients were taken as controls and 60 patients with active UC were recruited after colonscopy.The expression of NFκB in colonic tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The serum concentration of IL-4 and IL-10 were also measured.【Results】 NF-κBp65 was positively expressed in all the tissues,mainly in epithelial cells,and also inflammatory cells in lamina propria,while it was negatively expressed or weakly positive in controls,mainly in epithelia cells.Their expression was significantly higher in UC tissues than controls (P 0.05).The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 had no significant difference in UC and controls (P 0.05).The expression of NF-κBp65 was related to active grade and endoscopic classification (P 0.05 and P 0.01).【Conclusion】 The expression of NF-κB and cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of UC,and their levels reflect the disease activity in UC.The expression of Th2 cytokines may be modulated by NF-κB.
Social Security: Reform, Privatize or Abolish?

The fact that social security is a rip-off is becoming more generally known as the system approaches bankruptcy.1 Like any Ponzi scheme, those who got in early stood to gain. But the system has insurmountable problems. People are living longer due to advances in medicine,2 so they take money out of the system longer. The birth rate has declined, so there are not as many people paying into the system. As the baby boomers near retirement age, more people will be drawing from the system and fewer people will be paying into it.3 Proposed solutions put forth to avoid or postpone bankruptcy have included reducing benefits, increasing taxes,4 postponing the retirement age and means testing — allowing only those who need it to be able to receive benefits.
Borderland Films: American Cinema, Mexico, and Canada during the Progressive Era. By Dominque Brégent-Heald

Borderland Films: American Cinema, Mexico, and Canada during the Progressive Era . By Dominque Bregent-Heald. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. xi + 436 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $60.00, CAN$78, £43.00.) The early twentieth-century was a defining period for the American film industry. First established on the East Coast, it soon moved to Southern California, where filmmakers took advantage of advancing technologies, developed new techniques, and catered to the public’s increasing cinematic appetite, all within the shifts and changes of the Progressive-Era United States. Bregent-Heald’s Borderland Films focuses on an especially popular and successful genre of this time, films set in the border regions between the United States and both Mexico and Canada. Over 500 films made in …
Persistence and Predictions of the Remarkable Warm Anomaly in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean during 2014–16

AbstractIn this work, the evolution and prediction of the persistent and remarkable warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the northeastern Pacific during October 2013–June 2016 are examined. Based on experiments with an atmospheric model, the possible contribution of SSTAs in different ocean basins to the atmospheric circulation anomalies is identified. Further, through verifying the real-time forecasts, current capabilities in predicting such an extreme warm event with a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model are assessed.During the long-lasting warm event, there were two warm maxima in the area-averaged SSTA around January 2014 and July 2015, respectively. The warm anomaly originated at the oceanic surface and propagated downward and reached about 300 m. Model experiments forced by observed SST suggest that the long persistence of the atmospheric anomalies in the northeastern Pacific as a whole may be partially explained by SST forcing, particularly in the tropical Pacific Ocean ass...
Talking about Online Safety: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Cybersecurity Learning Process of Online Labor Market Workers

Technological changes bring great efficiencies and opportunities; however, they also bring new threats and dangers that users are often ill prepared to handle. Some individuals have training at work or school while others have family or friends to help them. However, there are few widely known or ubiquitous educational programs to inform and motivate users to develop safe cybersecurity practices. Additionally, little is known about learning strategies in this domain. Understanding how active Internet users have learned their security practices can give insight into more effective learning methods. I surveyed 800 online labor workers to discover their learning processes. They shared how they had to construct their own schema and negotiate meaning in a complex domain. Findings suggest a need to help users build a dynamic mental model of security. Participants recommend encouraging participatory and constructive learning, multi-model dissemination, and ubiquitous opportunities for learning security behaviors.
Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide, CN-105, improves outcomes in ischemic stroke.

Objective At present, the absence of a pharmacological neuroprotectant represents an important unmet clinical need in the treatment of ischemic and traumatic brain injury. Recent evidence suggests that administration of apolipoprotein E mimetic therapies represent a viable therapeutic strategy in this setting. We investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of the apolipoprotein E mimetic pentapeptide, CN-105, in a microglial cell line and murine model of ischemic stroke. Methods Ten to 13-week-old male C57/BL6 mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly selected to receive CN-105 (0.1 mg/kg) in 100 μL volume or vehicle via tail vein injection at various time points. Survival, motor-sensory functional outcomes using rotarod test and 4-limb wire hanging test, infarct volume assessment using 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method, and microglial activation in the contralateral hippocampus using F4/80 immunostaining were assessed at various time points. In vitro assessment of tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in a microglial cell line was performed, and phosphoproteomic analysis conducted to explore early mechanistic pathways of CN-105 in ischemic stroke. Results Mice receiving CN-105 demonstrated improved survival, improved functional outcomes, reduced infarct volume, and reduced microglial activation. CN-105 also suppressed inflammatory cytokines secretion in microglial cells in vitro. Phosphoproteomic signals suggest that CN-105 reduces proinflammatory pathways and lower oxidative stress. Interpretation CN-105 improves functional and histological outcomes in a murine model of ischemic stroke via modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Recent clinical trial of this compound has demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, suggesting that CN-105 represents an attractive candidate for clinical translation.
Indicators of Soil Aeration Status

Summary The aeration status of a soil can vary over a wide range of values with a continual change in the physical, chemical and biological properties. In a well-aerated soil, the O2 content is high with a large percentage of the soil pore spaces filled with air. However, when soil pore spaces are filled with water, anoxia exists. It is impossible because of limited techniques to measure the degree or extent of anoxia in a soil profile. Anoxia involves more than mere absence of O2 in the soil. Many other redox systems are involved in determining the biological and chemical activities of a soil, and these redox systems are usually not affected until O2 has been depleted. Also, difficulties arise from the fact that whereas physical methods can predict the degree of O2 supply, it requires biochemical assays to determine the degree of demand. However, by studying results of certain measuring techniques and considering responses and products of organisms and plants, one can make value judgements about the soil environment. Many different methods have been devised which when coupled by appropriate statistical analyses, can be used to evaluate either qualitatively or quantitatively the aeration status of a soil. A review of these methods is presented in this report.
Edge effect enhanced photo-thermionic emission from a carbon nanotubes array

Employing optical field enhancement at the edges of the nanostructures, an enhanced photo-thermionic emission (PTE) was obtained from a well-defined carbon nanotube (CNT) cluster array. Compared with the un-patterned carbon nanotube film, the PTE from the CNT cluster array was enhanced 10 times at the same laser intensity. The concept was proved by the computer simulation as well. We believe that an edge effect enhanced CNT PTE emitter is of great potential for application in next-generation portable and inexpensive vacuum electronic devices.
Applications of State Variable Technology in Reflection Seismology for Oil and Gas Exploration

Abstract This paper surveys applications of state variable technology in the areas of model ing and signal processing for problems in reflection seismology. Forward and inverse problems are described, and, wherever possible, new theoretical problems which have been spawned by our quest to apply state variable methods to reflection seismology, are pointed out.
Integration of Medicare and Medicaid for dually eligible beneficiaries: A focus group study examining beneficiaries' early experiences in California's dual financial alignment demonstration.

Abstract Background In 2014 California implemented a federal dual alignment demonstration used a capitated managed healthcare model called Cal MediConnect (CMC) to integrate medical care and long term services and supports (LTSS) for beneficiaries with both Medicare and Medicaid. These beneficiaries often have complex care needs, including multiple chronic conditions and disabilities. By 2016, 120,000 eligible beneficiaries were enrolled in the program. Objectives Focus groups with enrolled beneficiaries were conducted to gather rich data about their early experiences with quality of care, access to care, and coordination of care in CMC plans and to identify recommendations for program improvement. Methods Evaluators conducted 14 focus groups with 104 beneficiaries enrolled in CMC plans in 6 demonstration counties. Results The passive enrollment process did not provide adequate information about certain aspects of CMC, leaving many beneficiaries unaware of new benefits such as care coordination, transportation, and managed LTSS. Most beneficiaries who were using the CMC care coordination benefit reported increased access to specialty care, medical equipment, and other LTSS. Changing providers and having trouble with authorization for specialty services, prescriptions, or medical equipment were common reasons for dissatisfaction. Many beneficiaries reported that early disruptions in care due to the transition of delivery system improved with time. Conclusion Similar to other studies that examine beneficiaries' experiences with delivery system change, participants were confused about the passive enrollment process and demonstrated a lack of understanding of many aspects of Cal MediConnect. Analysis identified areas where beneficiaries noted improvement in their quality of care, access, and coordination of care, but also areas for improvement. Streamlining the authorization processes and extending continuity of care provisions would improve access to providers. Increasing beneficiaries' awareness of CMC plans' role in LTSS is key to improving their access to home- and community-based services.
Nonequilibrium Evaporation and Condensation in Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Expansion

The effect of nonequilibrium mass transfer on two-phase oxide fuel expansion was studied. An analytical model was applied to fuel expansion tests being planned at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and to whole-core expansion of a uniform bubble in Clinch River Breeder Reactor geometry. Among the parameters varied in the study are the liquid droplet radius (R/sub p/) and the condensation and evaporation coefficients (sigma). It was found that allowance for nonequilibrium mass transfer increased the expansion times for the ORNL tests when the ratio of sigma/R/sub p/ was <1000 m/sup -1/. Nonequilibrium mass transfer had little effect on the whole-core expansions until sigma/R/sub p/ reached unrealistically low values of <10 m/sup -1/.
Ultrastructural Morphology of Basophils and Mast Cells

Although basophils and mast cells are closely related cells, as defined by morphological, functional, and biochemical criteria, they are sufficiently different to be assigned to one of these two lineages in most species (A. M. Dvorak, 1986b, 1988b; A. M. Dvorak et al., 1983a). The general and specific ultrastructural criteria for doing so are listed in Table I. Since immature basophils, or basophilic myelocytes, are large mononuclear cells filled with metachromatic, immature granules (A. M. Dvorak, 1988a; A. M. Dvorak and Monahan, 1985a; A. M. Dvorak et al., 1982c, 1985c), they can be confused with mature, large, metachromatic granule-filled mononuclear mast cells. The ultrastructural criteria for distinguishing nonmalignant basophilic myelocytes from mast cells are listed in Table II. If the general rules for maturation of granulocytes are applied to each identification problem, it should be possible to distinguish immature, nonmalignant basophilic myelocytes from mature, nonmalignant mast cells.
New molecules and formulations

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO; epoetin alfa), is a glycosylated hormone commonly used for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease [1, 2, 3, 4]. It is also indicated for the treatment of certain anemias associated with cancer, HIV infection, and for use in surgical situations to reduce allogeneic blood transfusion requirements. A number of studies have demonstrated that rHuEPO is well tolerated and effective at ameliorating anemia, restoring energy levels, and improving patient quality of life in these indications [5, 6, 7]. It has also been shown to reduce transfusions, a procedure that can carry inherent risks including transmission of infectious agents and iron overload. In addition, the blood supply is limited and transfusion-induced immune reactions can complicate organ transplantation, for example in patients with kidney transplants.
And there was light

Single-bubble sonoluminescence is the phenomenon of creating light from sound by creating and destroying bubbles in water. Depending on the frequency of the acoustic cycle, a bubble can emit 20,000 flashes per second. Now that the physics behind single-bubble sonoluminescence is better understood, researchers may consider growing larger bubbles to create greater flashes of light and, perhaps, even fusion in a jar.
On the conformational stability of globular proteins - the effects of various electrolytes and nonelectrolytes on the thermal ribonuclease transition

This article describes research into the conformational stability of globular proteins -- specifically the effects of various electrolytes and nonelectrolytes on the thermally induced structural transition in ribonuclease. Optical rotatory methods were used to measure transition parameters including: melting temperature (T m ), the size of the transition (DELTA(alpha)), its breadth, and the specific optical rotation and optical rotary dispersion of the pre- and post-transition compounds. Structural perturbants investigated were neutral salts (with and without ethylene glycol), urea and the guanidinium salts, the tetraalkylammonium ions and the alcohols. Physicochemical instrumental analysis methods used in the study include polarimetry, viscometry, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, short column sedimentation (weight average molecular weights); spectrophotometry and interferometry were used to characterize the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease used for most of the experiments.
Atrial septal defect: Familial occurrence in four generations of one family☆

Abstract Eight cases of atrial septal defect occurring in four generations of one family are presented. An analysis of the pedigree reveals that the inheritance of the defect is best explained on the basis of transmission of a dominant autosomal gene with incomplete penetrance.
Walking Ground Reaction Force Post-ACL Reconstruction: Analysis of Time and Symptoms.

ABSTRACTPurposeThe association between lower-extremity loading and clinically relevant knee symptoms at different time points after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unclear. Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) from walking was compared between individuals with and without clinic
Accuracy, Safety, and Reliability of Novel Phase I Designs—Letter

A recently published review ([1][1]) of the accuracy, safety, and reliability of novel phase I methods concluded that the Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN; ref. [2][2]) method does not suffer from the issue of “irrational” dose assignment. This property is defined by the authors as failing to
Combustion of straight algae oil in a swirl-stabilized burner using a novel twin-fluid injector

Abstract The current study investigates the combustion performance of straight algae oil (AO) in a 7-kW lab-scale gas turbine burner enabled by a novel twin-fluid injector, named Swirl-burst (SB) injector. The chemical structure (fatty acid profile), the physical, and chemical properties of AO are acquired to understand the combustibility of the oil as a potential biofuel. Effects of equivalence ratio (ER) and atomizing air to liquid mass ratio (ALR) across the injector on the global combustion characteristics are investigated at a constant heat release rate for the oil. The features of interest include visual flame images, product gas temperature, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the combustor exit. Results show that mono-unsaturated fatty acid is predominant in the composition of the oil, suggesting possibly short ignition delay. AO has a heating value comparable to that of diesel but with a high kinematic viscosity (approximately 16 times more viscous than diesel). Clean combustion highly depends on fine sprays that lead to fast fuel pre-vaporization, thorough fuel-air mixing, and thus clean premixed combustion. Conventional injectors such as air blast (AB) atomizers cannot finely atomize viscous oils for clean combustion due to the low viscosity tolerance. Fortunately, with the SB injection, clean, complete, and lean-premixed combustion of straight AO has been successfully achieved without fuel preheating at most of the investigated cases, reasonably reflecting the fine atomization capability of the SB injector even for the viscous oil. The blue flames, overlapping temperature profiles, and low emissions of CO and NOx consistently show the clean lean-premixed AO flames. Stable and clean flames are obtained at ERs of 0.60–0.75 (with the optimum ER identified at 0.65, in terms of flame stability and low emissions), and a blow-out limit at the ER of about 0.55. At the ER of 0.65, clean and lean-premixed flames are also acquired for all the tested ALRs (2.0–5.0). Increase in ALR varies the SAA and spray behavior of the SB injection as well as the aerodynamic interaction between fuel and oxidizer. The increasing ALR results in dominantly blue flames and decrease in CO and NOx concentrations, less than 10 ppm at ALRs > 2.5, due to finer atomization and better fuel-air mixing at the higher ALRs, and thus enhanced premixed combustion. Overall, clean and stable lean-premixed combustion of straight AO is achieved without fuel preheating using the novel SB injector despite the high fuel viscosity. The SB injection potentially enables AO itself as a cost-effective and near-zero-emission biofuel.
Understanding What Drives Bitcoin Trading Activities.

Cryptocurrencies have gained tremendous popularity over the past few years. The purpose of this study is to try to understand the factors that are driving cryptocurrency-related trading activities. Focusing on the well-established cryptocurrency called Bitcoin, we find that online search popularity and the volume of trade in unrelated stock markets positively and negatively, respectively, influence Bitcoin trading volume. We also find no statistical evidence that the underlying sentiment behind relevant financial news influence Bitcoin trading volume. We believe these results might be of great value to investors interested in cryptocurrencies and might instigate further research on this topic.
Abstract TP120: Inhibition of α5β1 Integrin With the Small Peptide ATN-161 Reduces Inflammation, Stabilizes the Blood-Brain Barrier, and is Neuroprotective After Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Endothelial cell integrin receptors, specifically the β1subtype, play a direct role in inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, both implicated in poor ischemic stroke outcomes. We h...
Time spent looking at food during a delay of gratification task is positively associated with children's consumption at ad libitum laboratory meals.

Abstract Greater ability to delay gratification for an immediate food reward may protect against the development of obesity. However, it is not known if the behaviors children exhibit during a delay of gratification task are related to overeating in other contexts. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the relationship between observed child coping strategies during a delay of gratification task and laboratory intake from ad libitum test-meals. The sample consisted of 40, 7–9 year old children (40% (N = 16 with overweight/obesity). Across 5 laboratory visits, children consumed 3 identical test-meals presented after varying exposure conditions (i.e., no exposure, exposure to food commercials, exposure to toy commercials). On the first visit, children were recorded during a delay of gratification task which was coded for three behavioral themes: looking at vs. away from food, talking vs. staying silent, and fidgeting vs. sitting still. Pearson correlations and multiple regressions were run to look at the relationships between coping strategies and test-meal intake. Time spent looking away from food was negatively associated with ad libitum food consumption at the meals. Conversely, greater time spent looking at food was positively associated with ad libitum food consumption. These relationships were independent of covariates likely to influence intake (e.g., sex, age, weight status, parent income) and were more robust following food rather than toy commercial exposure. Children who spent more time looking at food and less time looking away during a delay of gratification task may be vulnerable to overeating in other contexts. Upon replication in larger samples, these behaviors could serve as modifiable targets in the development of childhood obesity prevention programs.
EdgeStore: Towards an Edge-Based Distributed Storage System for Emergency Response

With the pervasive influence of rich sensing technologies and internet connectivity, Social Sensing based Edge Computing (SSEC) is gradually becoming the forefront of context-aware sensing applications in smart cities. These applications generate huge volumes of data which require a sustainable storage platform. While storing sensing data into the cloud can be an immense benefit, cloud-based distributed storage requires constant internet connectivity, which deems the platform unusable in emergency situations with disrupted internet connectivity. This paper introduces the idea of utilizing privately owned edge devices for a decentralized distributed data storage during emergency situations. However, persuading the edge devices to cooperate and participate in sharing storage brings about an unprecedented set of challenges. The first challenge lies in the inconsistent availability of the storage system as the edge devices may not be inclined to share storage resource. The second challenge lies in configuring all the edge devices to integrate with the storage system in a scalable manner. In this paper, we present EdgeStore, an edge-based distributed storage system that attempts to address the above challenges by introducing a game-theoretic resource incentivizing framework. We implement a prototype of EdgeStore on top of the Linux Ext4 file system using the FUSE interface. The results on two real world case studies demonstrate that EdgeStore provides significant performance improvements over the state-of-the-art distributed storage systems in terms of throughput, energy consumption and latency.
Protected Land Management and Governance in the United States: More Than 150 Years of Change

The articles in this special issue of Society and Natural Resources explore the processes and challenges in the long-term protection of public and private land resources in the United States. The p...
Swirl Distortion Using Stream Vanes for Boundary Layer Ingestion Research

The swirl distortion of a StreamVane (Trademark) was investigated in the NASA Glenn Research Center W8 test facility. The StreamVane (Trademark) was designed and generated by Virginia Tech based on CFD simulations and included a center body at the aerodynamic interface plane. The swirl pattern generated by the distortion was evaluated using a dense grid of 5-hole Pitot probe measurements captured using a rotating array of probes. Good agreement was found between the design intent and the results at 38.5 kg/s mass flow. The StreamVane (Trademark) swirl results were compared to clean facility flow at 5 inlet mass flows and found to be consistent. Additionally, the axial location of the StreamVane (Trademark) relative to the measurement plane was investigated to determine the impact on downstream total pressure loss generated by the vanes. The intent of this work was to assess the viability of using a StreamVane (Trademark) to generate a Type I or Type II distortion into a Boundary Layer Ingesting propulsor to assess its aerodynamic performance and aeromechanic response.
Securing global positioning systems in a blockchain using vehicle-to-everything communications

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are being deployed globally to support vehicular safety innovation using wireless communication. The ITS paradigm of vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X) enables vehicles equipped with an on-board unit (OBU) to communicate with a roadside unit (RSU) infrastructure to provide safe intersection movements between similarly equipped vehicles, pedestrians, and animal life. However, the current paradigm relies heavily on the availability of a Global Positioning System (GPS) for ensuring road user safety. In a doomsday scenario where GPS becomes unavailable, collision avoidance services provided through V2X may be rendered unavailable. The proposed solution is to develop a secure and reliable method for V2X nodes to reliably request positioning information from RSUs. The advantages are two-fold: V2X nodes continue to receive positioning information for safety applications and positioning information could be improved during normal GPS operation.
Moving Toward Physical Activity Targets by Walking to Transit: National Household Transportation Survey, 2001-2017.

Introduction Public transportation systems can help people engage in physical activity. This study assesses sociodemographic correlates and trends in the daily time spent walking to and from transit in the U.S. from 2001 to 2017. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 2001, 2009, and 2017 National Household Transportation Survey. Data were analyzed in 2019 to assess the daily level of physical activity attained solely by walking to and from transit. Regression models were used to examine predictors of daily transit‒associated walking. Results Compared with the full National Household Transportation Survey sample, transit users who walked to and from transit tended to be younger, from households earning $99,999 per year (adjusted coefficient=1.34, 95% CI=1.15, 1.56). Conclusions As documented in a growing literature, most public transit trips include at least some walking; thus, efforts to encourage transit use are favorable to public health. Continued monitoring by transportation surveys is important as new forms of mobility and changing demographics may impact future transit use and associated physical activity.
Honors in the Time of Corona

All of us who love what we do as teachers; who love our disciplines, scholarship, and students; who thrive on the challenges and rewards of honors education—we all have faced many new obstacles and disappointments caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Having resources to help us deal with the shifts is key to moving forward. While many concerns have surfaced in our profession, this essay’s collection of international resources focuses on four topics that affect honors in immediate ways: retooling faculty approaches to teaching; addressing student access and success; adapting capstone projects and presentations to online delivery and assessment; and adjusting grades (always a big factor in honors recruitment, retention, scholarships, alumni pathways, and more). To make the collection more useful, the list of resources includes some brief annotations to help organize and preview the items.
Elbow Injuries in Basketball

Although there is limited research on basketball-related elbow injuries, pathology at the elbow does occur and can be devastating to the performance and even the career of a basketball player. A thorough understanding of elbow anatomy and biomechanics is needed to make a proper diagnosis. The diagnosis typically can be made on history and clinical exam, but further studies including radiographs, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often used. Common basketball injuries range from chronic overuse injuries such as lateral epicondylitis to acute fracture and dislocation and even infectious processes such as infected olecranon bursitis. Treatment may involve nonoperative management with rest and physical therapy as well as surgery. The goals of treatment are a pain-free elbow with a full range of motion (ROM) and stability, allowing the athlete to return to play.
Pupillary unrest, opioid intensity, and the impact of environmental stimulation on respiratory depression

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) confers significant morbidity, but its onset can be challenging to recognize. Pain or stimulation effects of conversation may mask or attenuate common clinical manifestations of OIRD. We asked whether pupillary unrest could provide an objective signal of opioid exposure, and whether this signal would be independent from the confounding influence of extrinsic stimulation. We conducted a cross-over trial of healthy volunteers using identical remifentanil infusions separated by a washout period; in both, pupillary unrest in ambient light (PUAL) was measured at 2.5-min intervals. During one infusion, investigators continuously engaged the subject in conversation, while in the other, a quiet environment was maintained; measures of respiratory depression were compared under each condition. We tested PUAL’s relationship to estimated opioid concentration under quiet conditions, measured PUAL’s discrimination of lower versus higher opioid exposure using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and assessed the effect of stimulation on PUAL versus opioid using mixed effects regression. Respiratory depression occurred more frequently under quiet conditions (p < 0.0001). Under both conditions, PUAL declined significantly over the course of the remifentanil infusion and rose during recovery (p < 0.0001). PUAL showed excellent discrimination in distinguishing higher versus absent-moderate opioid exposure (AUROC = 0.957 [0.929 to 0.985]), but was unaffected by interactive versus quiet conditions (mean difference, interactive – quiet = − 0.007, 95% CI − 0.016 to 0.002). PUAL is a consistent indicator of opioid effect, and distinguishes higher opioid concentrations independently of the stimulating effects of conversational interaction. Under equivalent opioid exposure, conversational interaction delayed the onset and minimized the severity of OIRD. Clinical trial registration: NCT 04301895
Amyloid-beta is present in human lymph nodes and greatly enriched in those of the cervical region

Degradation and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide are likely critical for brain health. Animal studies have demonstrated the role of the glial-lymphatic (glymphatic) system in the clearance of Aβ and other brain metabolites, but no such information has been available in humans. Here we ask whether this system contributes to the clearance of Aβ from the human brain. In the absence of an applicable imaging method, we examined cervical and inguinal lymph nodes resected for cancer therapy or staging using immunohistochemistry. Aβ-labeled cells were present in lymph nodes, and cervical lymph nodes showed labeled cells in far greater abundance than did inguinal nodes. This observation supports the hypothesis that the glymphatic system contributes to the clearance of Aβ from the human brain.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced thyroid dysfunction is a frequent event post-treatment in NSCLC.

Abstract Introduction Thyroid dysfunction is the most frequent endocrine immune related adverse event (irAE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), typically arising 3–6 months into immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, but arising after ICI cessation, in some cases. Due to limited post-treatment adverse event reporting requirements on ICI trials, the incidence of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction arising after therapy is unclear. We investigated ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction in a cohort of 294 NSCLC patients, with a specific focus on the post-treatment setting. Methods Retrospective analysis of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction (clinically acted upon or laboratory only) was performed in 294 UCLA NSCLC patients treated 2012–2018. Clinically acted upon thyroid dysfunction was defined as thyroid diagnosis documentation and/or thyroid medication administration. Laboratory only dysfunction was defined as abnormal thyroid labs in the absence of clinical action. Timing of thyroid dysfunction relative to ICI treatment and thyroid monitoring patterns were also assessed. Results 82% (241/294) of ICI treated NSCLC patients had thyroid labs during treatment. Of these 241 patients, 13% (31/241) had clinically acted upon thyroid dysfunction prior to, 8% (18/241) during, and 4% (9/241) after ICI. Most patients, 66% (159/241), did not have thyroid labs after ICI, but in the 53 patients with labs and no prior clinical dysfunction, 17% (9/53) developed clinical dysfunction after ICI. In these 9 patients, median time from ICI initiation to dysfunction was 253 days. Two patients with post-treatment laboratory only dysfunction were observed. Conclusions ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction arising post-treatment appears more common than previously appreciated, warranting additional evaluation.
Examining the Utility of the LSI-R in a Sample of Women who have Sexually Offended:

The ability to identify factors predictive of recidivism among individuals who have offended is integral to properly targeting supervision and treatment focus. Instruments such as the Level of Serv...
Experimental sediment addition in salt-marsh management: Plant-soil carbon dynamics in southern New England

Abstract Thin Layer Placement (TLP) is an increasingly used management technique to promote coastal resilience to accelerated sea level rise, but it is unclear how differential thickness of dredged sediment application alters plant-soil carbon dynamics in northeastern Atlantic coast salt marshes. We initiated a field experiment in a microtidal Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) dominated salt marsh in Connecticut (USA) to examine how a silt-loam dredge applied at different thicknesses (low: +5 cm, medium: +10 cm, and high: +15 cm) altered biological and biogeochemical responses. Over two growing seasons we monitored plant responses (above and belowground biomass, stem height, stem density, leaf area) and soil-biogeochemical parameters (EC, pH, redox, NH4+, sulfides, C:N, decomposition, bulk density, carbon fluxes). We found adding 5–7 cm of dredged sediment promoted rapid revegetation, alleviated phytotoxic sulfides, enhanced CO2 uptake, and reduced CH4 emissions. Low treatments reached similar vegetation cover to controls after one growing season, though sediment treatments greater than 10-cm thick showed delayed growth. Low levels of sediment addition stimulated the highest root biomass in the underlying soil, promoting CO2 efflux, but this was offset by aboveground biomass productivity, promoting net CO2 uptake. Phytotoxic sulfides were reduced in all sediment addition treatments, but our data indicate that coastal managers aiming to promote rapid vegetative recovery while increasing elevation in the short term should target conservative depths (
Purchaser Response for Genetically Different Boars and Boar Semen

Summary Sales records on boars sold from a breeding company and semen sold from a boar artificial insemination stud were evaluated to assess the emphasis placed on performance data and costs by buyers of semen and boars, and to determine what affects boar semen price. Two data sets, that consisted of (1) numbers of boars sold in a given breed and genetic evaluation subclass and (2) units or dollars of semen sold for a boar over a specific sales period, were used. These sales were expressed as a percentage (market share) of the total sales over the 2-yr period. Equations to predict percentage market share (% MS) for boar sales included the fixed effects of period and breed and covariates for boar price and genetic evaluation within breed. All effects were important (P<.01), and R 2 was .83. Percentage MS for units of semen sold was estimated using a model that included the fixed effects of period and breed and the covariates for cost per unit (CPU) of semen and backfat and gain within breed. Individual performance was more useful in predicting % MS and CPU than was any index. Subjective scores on mothering ability, size, soundness and libido were useful in predicting % MS units and CPU. For predicting % MS units, R 2 values were as high as .44 for models with scores. Results indicated that buyers were willing to pay more per unit and purchase more volume of semen from boars that had test information.
FACTS AND ARTIFACTS: CALIBRATION AND THE EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF REAL-BUSINESS-CYCLE MODELS

Advocates of real-business-cycle models typically hold calibration methods to be superior to econometric estimation as means of quantifying the models for policy analysis. This paper finds a coherent foundation for calibration methods in Herbert Simon's Sciences of the Artificial and the methodology of idealization in the philosophy of science. Although coherent, these foundations are not fundamentally connected real-business-cycle models per se. Furthermore, adequate comparative standards have not yet been developed for calibrated models. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.
Public and Private Spheres of Neighborhood Disorder: Assessing Pathways to Violence Using Large-scale Digital Records

Objectives:“Broken windows” theory is an influential model of neighborhood change, but there is disagreement over whether public disorder leads to more serious crime. This article distinguishes between public and private disorder, arguing that large-scale administrative data provide new opportunities to examine broken windows theory and alternative models of neighborhood change.Method:We apply an ecometric methodology to two databases from Boston: 1,000,000+ 911 dispatches and indicators of physical disorder from 200,000+ requests for nonemergency services. Both distinguish between disorder in public and private spaces. A cross-lag longitudinal analysis was conducted using two full years of data (2011–2012).Results:The two databases provided six dimensions of physical and social disorder and crime. The cross-lag model revealed eight pathways by which one form of disorder or crime in 2011 predicted a significant increase in another in 2012. Although traditional interpretations of broken windows emphasize t...
Gender Reversals and Intertextuality in Tibullus

This paper argues that Tibullus’ practice of altering the gender of his intertextual references destabilizes gender as a biological, social, and even grammatical category in his elegies. In 1.8, Tibullus draws on images of women’s adornment from Callimachus, Philitas, and Propertius to create the opening image of the puer Marathus. In 2.6, Tibullus draws from Catullus’ lament for his brother in carmen 101 as he describes Nemesis’ dead young sister and demonstrates his technical skill in manipulating the flexibility of grammatical gender in Latin.
Short-term regulation of energy intake is intact in hypophagic tumor-bearing rats.

Anorexia and weight loss are major problems in the care of cancer patients. Data from laboratory studies using an animal model of tumor-induced anorexia suggest that energy intake may be regulated in the tumor-bearing host as it is in healthy animals. The purpose of the pres-ent study was to determine if hypophagic tumor-bearing rats would alter their food intake in response to manipulations known to affect food intake in normal healthy animals. Both tumor-bearing and healthy animals increased their food intake when housed at 22 versus 258° C and reduced their food intake when injected with anorexigenic doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-1 alpha. These data suggest that selected physiological responses affecting short-term food intake are intact in the hypophagic tumor bearing host. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 20: 425–429, 1997
Extension of Bernoulli's theorem on steady flows of inviscid fluids to steady flows of plastic solids

Abstract A differential equation is derived which is valid along any streamline in a steady flow of a general continuum where the streamline is also a trajectory of principal stress. For special materials and flow conditions this equation can be integrated to give algebraic relations between variables along the streamline. For inviscid fluids this leads to Bernoulli's famous theorem relating pressure and velocity along any streamline. For three-dimensional ideal flows of Tresca plastic solids and planar ideal flows of general rigid/perfectly plastic solids, it also leads to known results along any streamline. For other special constitutive materials in rigid/plastic solids additional streamline relations are obtained.
Suppression of eltoprazine-induced REM sleep rebound by scopolamine

Previous studies have demonstrated that REM sleep suppression produced by the serotonin1 agonist eltoprazine (1 mg/kg b.i.d., administered i.p.) is followed by a dramatic rebound in REM sleep. In the present study, cats were treated with scopolamine (2 mg/kg b.i.d.) after 3 days of eltoprazine-induced REM sleep suppression. During scopolamine treatment, the percentage of REM sleep (9.9 +/- 3.5%) was well below baseline levels (13.7 +/- 1.6%; P < 0.05). Even after the 3-day scopolamine treatment ended, the subsequent REM sleep rebound after the combined eltoprazine-scopolamine treatment (16.8 +/- 2.8% REM sleep during 3-day rebound; P < 0.10 compared to baseline) was less than a third of the rebound normally seen after eltoprazine. These results provide evidence for the reciprocal relationship between acetylcholine and serotonin and suggest a new set-point model for the mechanism of REM sleep regulation and rebound.
Lack of Effect of Ascorbic Acid, Hippuric Acid, and Methenamine (Urinary Formaldehyde) on the Copper-Reduction Glucose Test in Geriatric Patients

Ascorbic acid and hippuric acid (from cranberry juice) are commonly used to acidify the urine for the purpose of enhancing the degradation of therapeutic methenamine mandelate to urinary formaldehyde. A study was made of 27 nondiabetic geriatric patients with indwelling Foley catheters and chronic bacteriuria who were treated with methenamine mandelate (4 gm), ascorbic acid (4 gm), and cranberry cocktail (1 liter) daily. All of 972 urine samples showed formaldehyde in mean concentrations between 14 and 25 microgram/ml. No glucose was found when the urine was tested by the copper-reduction method. In vitro false positive reactions reported in the literature do not appear to be duplicated as an in vivo problem.
Representative Oxygen Dissociation Curve and Equation for the Chicken

Because of the considerable variability in the oxygen dissociation curves for chickens reported in the literature, the respiratory physiologist studying avian gas exchange is faced with the dilemma of which curve is representative for the chicken. In order to arrive at a representative curve, data from eight reported curves were compiled and adjusted to the same set of standard conditions of temperature (T), pH, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2): T = 42 C, pH = 7.5 PCO2 = 40 torr. The mean PO2 STD (mean +/- SD) versus percent saturation of hemoglobin curve was then determined. The mean data were fitted to an equation representing the oxygen dissociation curve so that for any selected partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) the percent saturation (%SAT) of oxyhemoglobin may be computed. The P50 values for the mean literature and equation curves, respectively, were 47.4 +/- 9.8 and 45.3 Torr. The mean curve with its standard deviations provides a chicken oxygen dissociation curve representative of the literature data to which experimental data may be compared. The equation for the curve enables rapid referral to the representative curve to compute the %SAT, given the PO2 adjusted to the standard conditions.
Factors affecting early family formation: A path model

The age at which women initiate family formation has important social and economic implications. To explore factors that determine age at initiation of childbearing, a non-recursive path model was estimated using data for young women in the National Longitudinal Survey. Results suggest that the young woman's family of orientation has important effects on the age at which she begins family building, but that the process is not simple or direct. Age at first marriage, educational attainment, and age at family formation are strongly interdependent; however, the process seems to vary by race.