cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards ultraefficient nanoscale straintronic microwave devices

We investigate the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of individual nanomagnets resonantly excited by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated nonlocally by nonmagnetic phononic gratings. Using a time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect microscope, we report the dependence of the magnetoelastic resonance on SAW wavelength and nanomagnet size. Our measurements show that the precession amplitude of single nanomagnets increases monotonically and nonlinearly with decreasing sample size. In addition, for nanomagnets below a critical size we find that the oscillation amplitude increases with SAW frequency. Field-swept measurements of the magnetization dynamics reveal that the damping of the magnetoelastic resonance also decreases with the size of the magnet, ultimately reaching a minimum value determined by the Gilbert damping. This work shows that acoustically driven spin dynamics possess favorable scaling characteristics, which supports the notion that efficient, high-frequency (10--100 GHz) nanoscale straintronic devices limited only by $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ are feasible.
Pulmonary Hypertension: Transition Challenges in the Current Therapeutic Era

The management of pulmonary hypertension has evolved significantly over the past 30 years. The introduction of targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension pharmacotherapies revolutionized care for a once untreatable disease. With improved outcomes, an increasing number of pediatric patients are surviving into adulthood. However, patients face a significant morbidity burden, due to both the disease and the complex therapies used to treat it. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, the impact the disease has on quality of life, and the aspects of care that are important to address during the transition process. Improved outcomes are seen when patients are well-educated about their disease, actively participate in their care, and are appropriately supported throughout their disease course.
Developing Preservice Teachers’ Expertise in Evaluating and Adapting Mathematics Lesson Plans

To provide appropriate and effective instructional supports to students with disabilities, special education preservice teachers require development of expertise in the design and delivery of specially designed lessons. It is critical that special education preservice education programs provide students ample opportunities to learn how to evaluate and adapt lesson plans through the application of the elements of explicit instruction. In this article, we explain how to develop preservice teachers’ expertise in the evaluation and adaptation of mathematics lesson plans with the elements of explicitness to better support students with disabilities. The example activity and assignments provided are anchored in the context of a university math methods course and include all necessary materials.
Knowledge gaps in reproductive and sexual health in girls and women with sickle cell disease

There is an immediate need to address long-standing questions about the reproductive health of girls and women with sickle cell disease (SCD). There are many SCD-related reproductive risks and uncertainties across girls' and women's reproductive life span, with particularly outstanding concerns about menstruation, contraception, fertility and pregnancy. Extant literature addressing women's reproductive health topics is mostly descriptive; there are few high-quality interventional studies. In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Foundation for Women and Girls with Blood Disorders convened an expert panel to assess the knowledge gaps in women's reproductive health in SCD. The panel identified significant limitations to clinical care due to the need for research. The panel also identified prominent barriers to research and care. In this report, we frame these issues, providing a roadmap for investigators, funding agencies, and policy makers to advance care for girls and women with SCD.
Host Plant Species Mediates Impact of Neonicotinoid Exposure to Monarch Butterflies.

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in North America. Numerous studies document the negative effects of neonicotinoids on bees, and it remains crucial to demonstrate if neonicotinoids affect other non-target insects, such as butterflies. Here we examine how two neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and clothianidin) affect the development, survival, and flight of monarch butterflies, and how these chemicals interact with the monarch’s milkweed host plant. We first fed caterpillars field-relevant low doses (0.075 and 0.225 ng/g) of neonicotinoids applied to milkweed leaves (Asclepias incarnata), and found no significant reductions in larval development rate, pre-adult survival, or adult flight performance. We next fed larvae higher neonicotinoid doses (4–70 ng/g) and reared them on milkweed species known to produce low, moderate, or high levels of secondary toxins (cardenolides). Monarchs exposed to the highest dose of clothianidin (51–70 ng/g) experienced pupal deformity, low survival to eclosion, smaller body size, and weaker adult grip strength. This effect was most evident for monarchs reared on the lowest cardenolide milkweed (A. incarnata), whereas monarchs reared on the high-cardenolide A. curassavica showed no significant reductions in any variable measured. Our results indicate that monarchs are tolerant to low doses of neonicotinoid, and that negative impacts of neonicotinoids depend on host plant type. Plant toxins may confer protective effects or leaf physical properties may affect chemical retention. Although neonicotinoid residues are ubiquitous on milkweeds in agricultural and ornamental settings, commonly encountered doses below 50 ng/g are unlikely to cause substantial declines in monarch survival or migratory performance.
The Use of Intelligent Authoring Tools to Enhance CBI in Technical Training

The use of computer driven training systems for military training has increased over the last decade. This increase in the usage of computers as a delivery system for training can be partly attributed to the availability of relatively inexpensive and powerful micro-computers. Other factors that have contributed to the increased reliance on computer based training are the claim made by the mass media assertion of the importance of high technology and the hardware manufacturers’ claims and advertisements that computer based training is motivating and enjoyable for trainees, that it can produce high quality, uniform and effective training. The use of computers as the delivery mechanism for instruction and training has been offered as a panacea to the much claimed decline in the educational quality of training and the United States public education system.
A Reply to Wade

This is a reply to the Wade article. It argues that addiction is an independent illness and that specific treatments for this condition exist.
Fate and transport of alachlor, metolachlor and atrazine in large columns.

14C ring-labelled atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor were surface-applied at 3.14 kg a.i./ha in greenhouse lysimeters containing two soils in an ongoing experiment. Bromide (Br) – a conservative tracer – at 6.93 kg/ha as KBr and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) at 112 kg/ha as KNO3 were mixed with each herbicide and surface-applied. Growth of Red top ( Agrostis alba ) was established in each column (105 cm long and 29.4 cm i.d.). The experiment consisted of 12 columns (2 soils × 3 herbicides × 2 replicates) each fitted with four sampling ports for leachates, a volatilization chamber, and an aeration and irrigation system. Volatile materials are being trapped directly in solvents. One column replicate was dismantled for soil and plant analyses. Columns of Plainfield sand and Piano silt loam treated with alachlor and metolachlor were sampled after 23 and 28 weeks, respectively; the atrazine columns after 35 weeks. Herbicide residues are determined by liquid scintillation counting, extracted and separated by thin-layer chromatography using autoradiographic detection. Volatilization was ≤ 0.01% of the amount of herbicide applied. The order of herbicide mobility was alachlor > metolachlor >> atrazine. As many as 8 to 12 alachlor metabolites and 2 to 6 metolachlor metabolites were separated in leachates.
Activation of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in a mouse model of inflammatory myopathy: a potential therapeutic target.

Emerging evidence indicates that class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) overexpression on skeletal muscle fibers leads to an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activates an unfolded protein response and ER overload response in the affected muscle (1). Several studies have confirmed that ER stress contributes to disease pathology in myositic muscle (2–5). In a previously described conditional class I MHC overexpression mouse model (6), clinical, biochemical, histologic, and immunologic features similar to those of human myositis are produced. This mouse model is useful for identifying and investigating downstream ER stress pathways in muscle. Since major changes in myositic muscle occur at the protein level, a quantitative proteomic technique that enables identification of alterations in protein between normal and diseased muscle is an ideal strategy for the study of myositis. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) has been used successfully for precise quantification of altered proteins and has been extensively used in in vitro cell culture systems (7,8). More recently, Kruger et al extended the SILAC technique to in vivo systems using mice labeled with 13C6-Lys (9). We have generated 13C6-Lys–labeled C57BL/6 mice in which the whole mouse proteome of all tissues and organs is fully labeled (≥96% labeling efficiency) with the heavy lysine (SILAC mice) (10,11). In the present study, use of the SILAC strategy allowed us to identify both known and previously unknown disease-specific protein modulations and pathways in class I MHC–transgenic mice. We found that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) is highly active in myositic muscle, and inhibition of this pathway using bortezomib, an inhibitor of evolutionarily conserved 26S proteasome, resulted in decreased muscle inflammation and improved muscle function in mice with experimental myositis (12).
Characterizing CDK12 and CDK13 Activity in Transcription and mRNA Biogenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

The RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) is dynamically phosphorylated during transcription. Serine 2 phosphorylation of the RNAPII CTD (Ser2P) occurs up...
Training the scientist–practitioner in the twenty-first century: A risk–benefit analysis

The scientist–practitioner (S–P) model plays a central role in the professional ideology guiding most graduate training programs in clinical and counseling psychology. Unfortunately, the ideals of the S–P model are rarely fulfilled. It may be helpful to examine the relevant issues from a risk–benefit analysis. Common benefits of the S–P model include the satisfaction that practitioners derive from helping clients in distress, improvements to graduate teaching, refinements to psychological research, and the positive influence when faculty members serve as effective role models for the next generation of psychologists. Potential risks of the S–P model occur when faculty members take time away from other university chores, especially if it would reduce the likelihood of tenure and promotion. However, the biggest risk lies in the potential damage to the field of psychology, created when psychologists lose sight of important issues in the field. Graduate training programs are encouraged to maximize the benefit...
A review of recovery from sevoflurane anaesthesia: comparisons with isoflurane and propofol including meta-analysis.

Background: Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane and thus should be associated with a more rapid recovery from anaesthesia. Methods: A review and meta-analysis were employed to examine the recovery profiles of adult patients following anaesthesia, comparing sevoflurane to isoflurane and sevoflurane to propofol. Results: There were significant differences in times to several recovery events that favoured sevoflurane to isoflurane anaesthesia, including time to emergence, response to commands, extubation, and orientation. Likewise, there were significant differences in times to the same recovery events following anaesthesia with sevoflurane versus propofol. There were no differences in time to recovery room discharge when comparing sevoflurane to isoflurane or propofol. Conclusion: The observed differences between sevoflurane and isoflurane or propofol anaesthesia support the postulate that the use of sevoflurane is associated with a more rapid recovery from anaesthesia than either isoflurane or propofol.
Pre-clinical medical student experience in a pediatric pulmonary clinic

Objective : Our objective was to evaluate the educational value of introducing pre-clinical medical students to pediatric patients and their families in a subspecialty clinic setting. Methods : First- and second-year medical students at the University of Michigan seeking clinical experience outside of the classroom attended an outpatient pediatric pulmonary clinic. Evaluation of the experience consisted of pre- and post-clinic student surveys and post-clinic parent surveys with statements employing a four-point Likert scale as well as open-ended questions. Results : Twenty-eight first-year students, 6 second-year students, and 33 parents participated in the study. Post-clinic statement scores significantly increased for statements addressing empathic attitudes, confidence communicating with children and families, comfort in the clinical environment, and social awareness. Scores did not change for statements addressing motivation, a sense of team membership, or confidence with career goals. Students achieved their goals of gaining experience interacting with patients, learning about pulmonary diseases, and observing clinic workflow. Parents felt that they contributed to student education and were not inconvenienced. Conclusions : Students identified several educational benefits of exposure to a single pediatric pulmonary clinic. Patients and families were not inconvenienced by the participation of a student. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the value of this model of pre-clinical medical student exposure to subspecialty pediatrics. Keywords: early clinical experience; pediatrics; undergraduate medical education; pre-clinical education (Published: 4 November 2015) Citation: Med Educ Online 2015, 20: 28654 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v20.28654
Repairing power shorts in WSI circuits using infra-red imaging and laser cutting

An efficient approach to implement a defect tolerant power distribution network suitable for WSI (wafer scale integration) circuits was proposed by M. W. Yung and M. J. Little (1991). The design of the power distribution network has been incorporated into the wafer-scale circuit wafers designed for Hughes 3-D Computer. Experimental results from test structures and practical experience in locating and repairing power shorts on these wafers are discussed. >
An electromyographic study of maximum torques and upper extremity muscle activity in simulated screwdriving tasks

The effects of workstation and tool handle design on strength and upper extremity muscle activity during a simulated manual screwdriving task were examined. Fifteen male participants performed maximal (100%) and submaximal (75% and 50%) exertions with a screwdriver using postures frequently observed in industry. Investigators varied handle height, reach distance, handle diameter, and handle orientation during the experiment. The activity of the anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, biceps, extensor digitorum, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis longus was monitored using surface electromyography (EMG). The ratio of normalized EMG activity to torque produced during the exertion was computed for each muscle under each condition. The results indicated that increased torque capability was associated with the use of a larger (3.7 cm), vertically oriented handle. EMG/torque ratio generally increased as handle height was increased, reach distance and handle diameter were reduced, and the handle orientation was changed from vertical to horizontal. This study supports the premise that workstations and tools can be configured to maximize worker capabilities while minimizing the potential for muscle strain and fatigue. These data may be useful to job analysts for assessing the relative demands of construction and assembly work. Relevance to industry These data can be used by job analysts to grade the level of muscle activity required by screwdriving tasks (relative to similar exertions in different postures), and to justify workstation changes to reduce muscular stress on the upper extremities.
Levels of adenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate in the cerebral cortex of aging rats

Abstract The cyclic-AMP content in the cerebral cortex of rats up to two years of age was determined. Cyclic-AMP exhibits a maximum at two months of age then declines to much lower levels which are maintained from six months to at least two years of age.
Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits the acute inflammatory response of rat pawskin to cold injury.

Abstract The anti-inflammatory effects of human/rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41-residue peptide hormone, on an experimental model of cold injury were examined. Male albino rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital 60 mg/kg ip and the paws immersed for 1 or 2 min in a 22% NaCl solution maintained at −20 ± 0.5 °C. Swelling in response to cold was measured by changes in paw volume using the fluid displacement method, and protein leakages from blood vessels were measured using Evans blue and Monastral blue dyes. Thirty minutes after cold exposure the paw volume increased from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 2.4 ± 0.1 ml/paw and the Evans blue content increased from 4 ± 1 to 178 ± 9 μg/pawskin. These responses to cold were inhibited by 40 to 60% after CRF was injected 56 μg/kg sc 30 min before or 28 μg/kg iv 10 min before or 5 min after cold exposures. Microscopic studies of the skin showed that CRF reduced leakage of Monastral blue pigment from the vascular compartment into the walls of capillaries and venules. The anti-inflammatory effects of CRF were blocked by α-helical CRF(9–41), a CRF receptor antagonist, injected 92 μg/kg iv 5 min before CRF and 15 min before cold exposure.
Turbulent boundary-layer separation in front of a forward-facing step.

A review of experiments concerned with the description of the steady flowfield produced by the separation of a turbulent boundary layer ahead of a forward-facing step is presented. The Mach number is restricted to the supersonic range and only two-dimensional flows are investigated. The dependence of the induced pressure field at the wall on Reynolds number, Mach number, and step height is considered. It is shown that the pressure rise in the separation region expressed in normalized form is independent of Mach number and Reynolds number and that the scale for the separation phenomena is the boundary-layer thickness. In addition, it was found that the plateau pressure rise is independent of Reynolds number for the turbulent regime and that the induced side force increases linearly with Mach number.
Infinitism and epistemic normativity

Klein’s account of epistemic justification, infinitism, supplies a novel solution to the regress problem. We argue that concentrating on the normative aspect of justification exposes a number of unpalatable consequences for infinitism, all of which warrant rejecting the position. As an intermediary step, we develop a stronger version of the ‘finite minds’ objection.
Electronic delocalization in discotic liquid crystals: a joint experimental and theoretical study.

Discotic liquid crystals emerge as very attractive materials for organic-based (opto)electronics as they allow efficient charge and energy transport along self-organized molecular columns. Here, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) is used to investigate the electronic structure and supramolecular organization of the discotic molecule, hexakis(hexylthio)diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2‘,3‘-c]phenazine, deposited on graphite. The ARUPS data reveal significant changes in the electronic properties when going from disordered to columnar phases, the main feature being a decrease in ionization potential by 1.8 eV following the appearance of new electronic states at low binding energy. This evolution is rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations performed on model stacks containing from two to six molecules, which illustrate the formation of a quasi-band structure with Bloch-like orbitals delocalized over several molecules in the column. The ARUPS data also point to an energy dispersion of the upper π-bands...
BET1L and TNRC6B associate with uterine fibroid risk among European Americans

Uterine fibroid (UFs) affect 77 % of women by menopause and account for $9.4 billion in healthcare costs each year. Although UFs are heritable, genetic risk is poorly understood. The first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UFs was recently performed in a Japanese population, with reported genome-wide significance for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across three chromosomal regions. We tested these SNPs for association with UFs in US cohorts. Women were enrolled in the Right from the Start (RFTS) cohort and the BioVU DNA repository. UF status in both cohorts was determined by pelvic imaging. We tested 65 candidate and haplotype-tagging SNPs for association with UFs presence using logistic regression in RFTS and the top three GWAS-associated SNPs in BioVU. We also combined association results from both cohorts using meta-analysis. 1,086 European American (EA) cases and 1,549 controls were examined. Two SNP associations replicated [blocked early in transport 1 homolog (BET1L) rs2280543, RFTS-BioVU meta-odds ratio (OR) = 0.67 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.96, Q = 0.70, I = 0, p = 6.9 × 10⁻³; trinucleotide repeat containing 6B (TNRC6B) rs12484776, RFTS-BioVU meta-OR = 1.21, 95 % CI 1.07-1.35, Q = 0.24, I = 28.37, p = 8.7 × 10⁻³). Meta-analyses combining evidence from RFTS, BioVU, and prior GWAS showed little heterogeneity in effect sizes across studies, with meta-p values between 7.45 × 10⁻⁸ and 3.89 × 10⁻⁹, which were stronger than prior GWAS and supported associations observed for all previously identified loci. These data suggest common variants increase risk for UF in both EA and Japanese populations. However, further research is needed to assess the role of these genes across other racial groups.
Potential for evolution of resistance to pheromones : Worldwide and local variation in chemical communication system of pink bollworm moth,Pectinophora gossypiella.

FemalePectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) from most of the desert cotton-growing areas of southern California emitted significantly more pheromone in 1984 and 1985 than in preceding years (1982 and 1983). This increase amounted to almost 20% by 1985. It is unlikely that this small change would represent effective resistance to disruptant pheromones, but this increase could reflect the result of selection pressure imposed by the use of mating disruption for population control. A worldwide survey of emitted pheromone from this species found that there was much more variation in the emission rate than the blend ratio of the two pheromone components. The emitted blend ratio was remarkably consistent over time (in southern California) and throughout the worldwide range of the insect. Small differences in the blend ratio that were detected probably have no major biological significance because of the relatively broad response spectrum of males to changes in the blend of pheromonal components. Populations of males did not consist of several phenotypes, each with a different preference for specific blend ratios. Rather, the broad response spectrum to blend ratios in a population can be attributed to variation in the response of any individual. Therefore, selection for a response phenotype that is narrowly tuned to the blend emitted by females may be difficult.
Room-temperature compressibility of C60: Intercalation effects with He, Ne, and Ar.

We report measurements to 6 kbar of the room-temperature compressibilities of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ for both the fcc and sc phases using He, Ne, and Ar as pressure media. The effects of rare-gas intercalation on the fcc-to-sc transition and on the compressibilities are discussed and we compare our results with the widely disparate literature values reported for the fcc compressibility.
Simulating bias in the estimator of labor market discrimination

In this study, the statistical bias in the most widely used estimator of labor market discrimination is investigated. An algebraic expression for the bias is derived and then simulated for a selected set of explanatory variables and model parameters. The results for a large national dataset seem to indicate that when the variables years of schooling and labor market experience are used in earnings functions, the estimator tends to underestimate the actual or ‘true’ amount of labor market discrimination.
Preventing ultraviolet light lip injury: beachgoer awareness about lip cancer risk factors and lip protection behavior.

BACKGROUNDThe damaging effects of ultraviolet light (UVL) on the skin and the importance of using photoprotective sunscreen and other sun-protective measures are well recognized by beachgoers. However, it is currently unknown if UVL is well recognized as a modifiable risk factor for lip cancer and i
Ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length in triplet pregnancies.

Abstract Objective: Our goal was to evaluate the utility of ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length in the management of triplet pregnancies and to compare these measurements with previously reported data for singleton pregnancies. Study Design: The maternal records for all triplet pregnancies managed at the Mayo Medical Center from January 1993–January 1998 were reviewed. Cervical length assessment was undertaken at regular intervals during each pregnancy according to an established real-time transperineal ultrasonographic technique. Presence or absence of cervical funneling was noted at the time of the examination. Obstetric management and outcome data were assessed. Results: Thirty-two triplet pregnancies were managed at our institution between January 1993 and January 1998. Average duration of pregnancy (±SD) was 32.4 ± 2.3 weeks. Progressive cervical shortening was noted with advancing gestational age; average cervical lengths (±SD) were 42.0 ± 5.0 mm at 10 weeks, 37.0 ± 8.0 mm at 20 weeks, 26.0 ± 10.0 mm at 25 weeks, and 21.0 ± 7.0 mm at 30 weeks. Comparison of triplet cervical length measurements with reported data from singleton pregnancies revealed a significant difference between the singleton and triplet data, respectively, at both 24 weeks (35.2 ± 8.3 mm vs 25.0 ± 8.0 mm, P P Conclusions: Ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length is a useful adjuvant in the management of the triplet gestation. Triplet cervical length measurements are significantly different from those reported for gestational age–matched singleton pregnancies. Premature cervical shortening and the presence of cervical funneling are harbingers of premature delivery and should necessitate obstetric intervention. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1442-5.)
Does employer-financed general training pay? Evidence from the US Navy

Abstract Despite Becker's theory that employers pay for workers' firm-specific training only, employer-financed general training is quite common. A possible explanation is that general training reduces turnover, thereby safeguarding investments in firm-specific training. We test this explanation by examining whether the US Navy's Voluntary Education (VOLED) program leads to lower personnel turnover. The VOLED program offers off-duty educational opportunities to all personnel and is aimed at keeping sailors satisfied so that the Navy can recoup its investment of approximately $19,000 per sailor in largely Navy-specific training. From a standard probit model, we find that program participation is associated with an 11-percentage-point increase in the probability of continuing in the Navy for six years. From a bivariate probit model in which the unexplained portions of the participation and turnover decisions are allowed to be correlated, the effect is 13 percentage points. Our findings seem to support the theory that general training safeguards employer investments in specific training by reducing employee turnover.
Novel De Novo Heterozygous FGFR1 Mutation in Two Siblings With Hartsfield Syndrome: A Case of Gonadal Mosaicism

Hartsfield syndrome has been recently reported to be associated with mutations in FGFR1 however, to this date; no familial cases have been reported. In this report, we describe two siblings with Hartsfield syndrome and a novel de novo FGFR1 mutation suggesting gonadal mosaicism. The proband presented at our institution at age 6 years with a clinical diagnosis of Hartsfield syndrome and requesting further genetic evaluation. Previous studies included a normal karyotype, oligonucleotide array, and single gene testing for nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly (SHH, SIX3, ZIC2, TGIF). At the age of 6 years, exome sequencing was performed and a de novo novel missense variant was identified in FGFR1 (coding for fibroblast growth factor-1) on chromosome 8p12: c.1880G>C (p.R627T). Subsequently, a younger sibling was born with the same phenotype (holoprosencephaly, ectrodactyly of bilateral hands and feet and bilateral cleft lip and palate). Targeted sequencing of FGFR1 revealed the identical variant that was previously identified in the proband. To our knowledge this observation is the first documentation of familial recurrence of Hartsfield syndrome. As both parents were negative for the sequence variant in FGFR1 gene by testing peripheral blood samples, this suggests gonadal mosaicism. The frequency of gonadal mosaicism in Hartsfield syndrome is not known however given our case, this possibility should be taken in to consideration for recurrence risk estimation in children of clinically unaffected parents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atmospheric gas concentrations over the past century measured in air from firn at the South Pole

The extraction and analysis of air from the snowpack (firn) at the South Pole provides atmospheric concentration histories of biogenic greenhouse gases since the beginning of the present century which confirm and expand on those derived from studies of air trapped in ice cores. Furthermore, calculations based on the inferred atmospheric concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide indicate that–in contrast to the past few years—the terrestrial biosphere was neither a source nor sink of C02 between ˜1977 and 1985.
The Rehabilitation of Pure Competition

I. The problem: the effect of consumer attachments upon competitive equilibrium, 31. — Definitions and assumptions, 32. — II. The Chamberlinian theory as a limiting case, 34. — Buyer attachments, 36. — Asymmetry in the relation of a price increase to a price decrease, 39. — Modification of the homogeneity requirement, 42. — III. Cross elasticities, 42. — Extra-marginal buyers, 46. — IV. Equilibrium at minimum cost, 50. — V. Can product differentiation be maintained in the long run? 54. — VI. The definition of a "perfect market," 59. — Free entry, 60. — VII. Results and implications, 61.
4 T actively detunable transmit/receive transverse electromagnetic coil and 4‐channel receive‐only phased array for 1H human brain studies

The design and construction of a 4 T transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmit/receive head coil and a four-channel phased array receive-only RF system are described. To enable both high-resolution imaging of the entire brain and high-resolution spectroscopic imaging, active PIN diode decoupling was used in both the TEM resonator and each surface coil in the array. This configuration allows for both transmission and reception from the volume coil as well as reception from the phased array. The surface coils were decoupled by overlapping the coils and using preamplifier decoupling. Since at high frequencies construction of a lumped element matching quarter wavelength transformer, an important component of the preamplifier decoupling, becomes difficult, a transmission line approach was used. The system was tested and compared to a TEM volume transmit/receive head coil. A four- to sixfold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio from the sensitive volume of the array was achieved.
Asymmetric measures of association, closed data, and multivariate analysis

The association between constant-sum variables Xiand Xjexpressed as percentages can be calculated as a product-moment correlation between Xiand Xj/(100 − Xi) and a correlation between Xjand Xi/(100 − Xj). An asymmetric, square matrix may be formed from these coefficients, and multivariate analysis performed by two methods: singular value decomposition and canonical decomposition. Either analysis avoids problems in the interpretation of correlation coefficients determined from closed arrays, and provides information about dependencies among the variables beyond that obtained from the usual correlation coefficient between Xiand Xj.Two examples show the canonical decomposition to have the greater usefulness.
Surgical treatment of chronic heart failure. What to tell patients about heart-saving options.

PREVIEWA number of surgical procedures, including reduction ventriculoplasty, transmyocardial laser revascularization, dynamic cardiomyoplasty, and insertion of partial or total heart assist devices, are available for managing patients with severe, chronic congestive heart failure. In this article, Dr Jayakar discusses and classifies various treatment options and outlines the role each plays in maintaining cardiac function in patients who live with this debilitating condition.
Increasing independence in self-care tasks for children with autism using self-operated auditory prompts

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of self-operated auditory prompting systems (SOAPs) on independent self-care task completion of elementary-school-aged children with autism and intellectual disabilities. Prerecorded verbal prompts on a student-operated tape recorder were employed to facilitate independence in washing hands and brushing teeth. The participants were three students enrolled in a self-contained class for students with autism eligibilities in an elementary school. All students showed marked improvement in their performance of each task immediately following implementation of SOAPs. These results can be interpreted to confirm and extend previous research on self-operated auditory prompting systems in adolescents and adults with moderate intellectual disabilities and provides support for the idea that this intervention may be appropriate for younger students as well as those with autism.
Enhanced signal coupling into periodically poled lithium niobate with microlens arrays

The return signal frequency of an eye-safe ladar system is upconverted from the infrared to the visible through sum-frequency generation by incorporation of periodically poled LiNbO3 into the receiver. A quantitative analysis of the angular acceptance and the quantum efficiency is then presented for a single macroscopic receiver optic and a multiaperture microlens array. Comparing both results, a 6× increase in the receiver field of regard and an 18% increase in beam coupling were realized for the microlens design over the macroscopic system.
Improved inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase.

Abstract Previous work has led to the identification of inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase, the enzyme catalyzing the first glycosylation step in the synthesis of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids. These inhibitors have two identified sites of action: the inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase, resulting in the depletion of cellular glycosphingolipids, and the inhibition of 1-O-acylceramide synthase, resulting in the elevation of cell ceramide levels. A new series of glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors based on substitutions in the phenyl ring of a parent compound, 1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (P4), was made. For substitutions of single functional groups, the potency of these inhibitors in blocking glucosylceramide synthase was primarily dependent upon the hydrophobic and electronic properties of the substituents. An exponential relationship was found between the IC50 of each inhibitor and the sum of derived hydrophobic (π) and electronic (ς) parameters. This relationship demonstrated that substitutions that increased the electron-donating characteristics and decreased the lipophilic characteristics of the homologues enhanced the potency of these compounds in blocking glucosylceramide formation. A novel compound was subsequently designed and observed to be even more active in blocking glucosylceramide formation. This compound,d-threo-4′-hydroxy-P4, inhibited glucosylceramide synthase at an IC50 of 90 nm. In addition, a series of dioxane substitutions was designed and tested. These included 3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl-, 3′,4′-ethylenedioxyphenyl-, and 3′4′-trimethylenedioxyphenyl-substituted homologues.d-threo-3′,4′-Ethylenedioxy-P4-inhibited glucosylceramide synthase was comparably active to thep-hydroxy homologue. 4′-Hydroxy-P4 and ethylenedioxy-P4 blocked glucosylceramide synthase activity at concentrations that had little effect on 1-O-acylceramide synthase activity. These novel inhibitors resulted in the inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis in cultured cells at concentrations that did not significantly raise intracellular ceramide levels or inhibit cell growth.
An ‘Invidious Comparison,’ Class and Status, 1929-60: Effects of Employment, Cost and Time on Veblen's Theory of Class*

. A consequent of Thorstein Veblen's theory of ‘invidious comparison’ is investigated as it applies to class and status. This research evaluates specifically shifting socioeconomic effects within the structure of society that are often taken to be important causes for determining leisure interests by class. That time, employment, personal debt, and costs effect leisure were hypothesized to be decisive factors in the class leisure outcome. The relative and total predictive influence of the independent variables was analyzed and found to predict differences of leisure interests between the social classes. The findings lend support to Veblen's notion of the leisured class and its acquisition of status.
The Formation of Morphologies and Microstructures in Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Al―Mg Alloy Powders

Al-Mg alloy powders were produced in the form of nanocrystalline dendrites using the galvanostatic electrodeposition technique. Two distinct morphologies namely, featherlike and globular, were observed under the employed deposition conditions. The featherlike morphology consisted of only the face-centered cubic (fcc)-Al(Mg) phase. However, the globular morphology was composed of the hexagonal close-packed (hcp)-Mg(Al) phase as well as the fcc-Al(Mg) phase. Compositional and TEM studies revealed that both phases were supersaturated and exhibited a nanocrystalline microstructure. Short-time potentiostatic experiments revealed that the formation of these morphologies is dependent on the applied overpotential such that at high overpotentials, only the globular morphology develops, whereas at low overpotentials, only the featherlike morphology is created. These observations are discussed in terms of the deposition rate.
Marrow graft rejection and veno-occlusive disease of the liver in patients with aplastic anemia conditioned with cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine.

Based on studies in multiply transfused dogs showing that cyclosporine (CsA) pregrafting reduced the incidence of rejection, we treated 11 multiply transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia with CsA, 12.5-20 mg/kg/day i.m. on days -6 to -1, and cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/day i.v. on days -5 to -2, followed on day 0 by a marrow graft from an HLA-identical sibling donor. Patients were not given additional infusions of buffy coat cells from their marrow donors. As postgrafting prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease 10 patients were given CsA, 12.5 mg/kg/day orally, and one patient was given a standard regimen of intermittent methotrexate. Among 10 evaluable patients, 2 rejected their marrow grafts. Eight patients had sustained engraftment. Two of these developed severe veno-occlusive disease of the liver, a complication previously observed only in patients conditioned with total-body irradiation but not in more than 200 patients with aplastic anemia conditioned with cyclophosphamide without the addition of CsA. These data indicate that conditioning of patients with cyclophosphamide and concurrent CsA does not uniformly prevent graft rejection and can result in severe hepatic toxicity.
Fluorescence studies on ribonuclease T1

Abstract The fluorescence spectra of native and denatured ribonuclease T 1 (RNase T 1 ) have been recorded under various conditions. Solvent perturbation of the fluorescence of RNase T 1 has been studied. Its effect is opposite to that observed with model compounds. The results show, that the single tryptophan residue of RNase T 1 is partially buried in the enzyme and that most of the tyrosine residues are not outside of the protein molecule. It is concluded that these tyrosine residues are involved in side chain-side chain interactions with acidic amino acid residues.
Participation's effect on task performance: Mediating roles of goal acceptance and procedural justice

Abstract Drawing on goal setting and procedural justice theories, a model of the mediating roles of goal acceptance and procedural justice perceptions was developed and tested with a two-step approach to structural equation modeling. The sample included 200 employees who participated in a two-year goal-setting program used by one organization located in the southeastern United States. Results indicated that participation was not directly associated with task performance but was indirectly and positively related to task performance through goal acceptance. Results also indicated that participation was related positively to procedural justice perceptions of the goal-setting program; however, procedural justice perceptions regarding the goal-setting program were unrelated to task performance. The discussion centers why goal acceptance and not procedural justice mediated the participation-task performance relationship and on the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Musculoskeletal symptom survey among mason tenders

Background Low back pain (LBP) constitutes a major problem in construction. The magnitude and musculoskeletal injury characteristics in certain construction trades have been studied extensively. Musculoskeletal research targeting mason tenders is limited. High physical demands of the job primarily contribute to an increased risk of LBP experienced by these laborers. Methods A symptom survey was conducted to determine the magnitude and musculoskeletal injury characteristics among the mason tenders, and to identify work-related activities perceived by them as contributing to their disorders. Results The findings revealed that 82% of the mason tenders experienced at least one musculoskeletal symptom in the last year. LBP was the most frequently reported symptom (65%). Due to LBP, 12% of the laborers missed work and 18% of them visited a physician. Bending or twisting the back, working in the same position or in pain, and heavy lifting they perceived as the most problematic work-related activities. The vast majority of the laborers requested job-safety training. Conclusions The mason tenders experienced high prevalence of LBP. To address the problem a model for primary prevention of LBP was developed and implemented in the trade. The model incorporated ergonomic principles, hazard recognition, and problem solving in the training curriculum for the union instructors teaching apprentices the trade-specific skills. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:384–396, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sub-grid drag models for horizontal cylinder arrays immersed in gas-particle multiphase flows

Abstract Immersed cylindrical tube arrays often are used as heat exchangers in gas-particle fluidized beds. In multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of large fluidized beds, explicit resolution of small cylinders is computationally infeasible. Instead, the cylinder array may be viewed as an effective porous medium in coarse-grid simulations. The cylinders’ influence on the suspension as a whole, manifested as an effective drag force, and on the relative motion between gas and particles, manifested as a correction to the gas-particle drag, must be modeled via suitable sub-grid constitutive relationships. In this work, highly-resolved unit-cell simulations of flow around an array of horizontal cylinders, arranged in a staggered configuration, are filtered to construct sub-grid, or ‘filtered’, drag models, which can be implemented in coarse-grid simulations. The force on the suspension exerted by the cylinders is composed of, as expected, a buoyancy contribution, and a kinetic component analogous to fluid drag on a single cylinder. Furthermore, the introduction of tubes also is found to enhance segregation at the scale of the cylinder size, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in the filtered gas-particle drag.
Photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer using a 180° windowed esophageal balloon

Although delivery of uniform circumferential light is desirable during photodynamic therapy of advanced esophageal cancer in humans, early esophageal cancer may need only targeted treatment. Studies were performed in the canine esophagus of eight animals to investigate whether use of a “windowed” (shaded) centering balloon would improve targeted illumination of esophageal mucosa for photodynamic therapy. Shaded balloons were developed with a 2-cm-long, 360° or 180° clear “window.” Photofrin 4 mg/Kg was used as the photosensitizer. Light at 630 nm was delivered at 300 J/cm or 600 J/cm. Isotropic probes placed on the balloon wall allowed real-time measurement and verification of relatively uniform light doses delivered to esophageal mucosa during balloon photodynamic therapy. With the windowed balloon, targeted delivery of photodynamic therapy was possible. Using the 180° balloon, mucosa exposed to illumination was destroyed, whereas mucosa protected from light by the balloon shading was undamaged. Healing was complete and strictures did not occur. The shading of the balloon protected normal mucosa and prevents the formation of esophageal strictures. The “windowed” centering balloon provides a technology and technique that allows targeted delivery of uniform light during esophageal PDT. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Young Fusion Scientists Address the FY06 Budget Proposal

The Administration’s FY06 budget proposal calls for a large reduction in funding for the domestic fusion energy sciences program. This paper describes the reaction of a group of young fusion scientists to this budget proposal. Included are a description of the federal budgetary agencies and processes, a description of a new forum for young fusion scientists, and a reprint of a letter to select Senate and House leaders from young fusion scientists.