cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time study of the dielectric permittivity of supercooled 3-bromopentane during crystallization

Abstract The isothermal dielectric permittivity of pure supercooled 3-bromopentane has been measured as a function of time at several fixed temperatures, ranging from 110 to 120 K. Transient measurements are used to expedite the measuring time and are transformed to give an equivalent frequency range from several kilohertz to a few microhertz. A set of isothermal static permittivities measured over a period of time is presented, and the changes in the static permittivity with time clearly indicate that crystallization is occurring at a rate which is a function of the temperature difference from the melting point. The permittivity of pure 3-bromopentane has been fitted to the Cole-Davidson function. The values of the Cole-Davidson parameters determined as a function of time for each of the temperature sets of data are presented.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fate from Long-Term Poultry Litter Applications to Oklahoma Soils

With the rapid growth of the poultry industry in eastern Oklahoma, information is needed on the impact of land application of associated litter on the area's soil and water resources. The effect of broiler litter application on the N and P content was investigated by sampling 12 soil profiles to 150 cm under ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass [ (L.) Pers.] to which litter had been continually applied for 12 to 35 yr. Litter application averaged 6 Mg ha yr (dry wt.), which contributed approximate N and P amounts of 270 and 90 kg ha yr. Adjacent soil profiles under idle native grass, which received no litter or mineral fertilizer, were sampled at the same time to a 150-cm depth. On average, soil pH and organic C were 0.5 and 21 g kg greater and bulk density 0.2 Mg m lower in the surface 5 cm of treated than untreated soils. Below 25 cm, litter had little effect on these properties. The effect of poultry litter on N and P content was greatest in the surface 5 cm of soil, with NO-N and Bray-I P (BP) averaging 49 and 188 mg kg in treated and 13 and 9 mg kg in untreated soils. Below 5 cm, N and P content decreased rapidly, with only slight NO-N accumulations (5 mg kg) between 50 and 100 cm and no movement of P below 30 cm observed. Poultry litter application decreased P sorption to a depth of 30 cm. Average 1.2- and 2.5-fold increases in the total N and NO-N content of treated compared with untreated 0- to 100-cm profiles were observed. For P, 2- and 13-fold increases in total P and BP were found, with little accumulation as organic P. Overall, BP increased 22 mg kg for each 100 kg P ha added in litter. The greater portion of litter P (72%) than N (44%) retained in the soil profile reflects the differing sorption of these nutrients by soil, and greater plant uptake of N than P. It also emphasizes the need to carefully manage continual land applications of poultry litter to minimize potential environmental impacts.
Thermodynamics of iron manganese mixed oxides at high temperatures

Abstract The deviation from stoichiometry in dense polycrystalline (Fe 1− x Mn x ) 1−Δ O has been investigated thermogravimetrically as a function of the oxygen partial pressure and the crystal composition at T = 1000°C over the whole range of stability of this phase. The phase diagram of the system Fe-Mn-O at T = 1000°C has been reinvestigated. In addition, the two-phase regions and the activities of the pure iron and manganese oxides in the mixed phases (Fe, Mn)O and (Fe, Mn) 3 O 4 have been calculated.
Effect of 2450 MHz microwave energy on the blood-brain barrier to hydrophilic molecules. A. Effect on the permeability to sodium fluorescein

Abstract Significantly elevated levels of sodium fluorescein (MW 376) were found only in the brains of conscious rats made considerably hyperthermic (colonic temperatures > 41.0°C) by exposure to ambient heat (42 ± 2 °C) for 90 min or 2450 MHz CW microwave energy at 65 mW/cm 2 (SAR ≅ 13.0 W/kg) for 30 or 90 min. For microwave-exposed rats, fluorescein levels within the cortex and hypothalamus appeared to increase with increasing duration of exposure. This trend was not apparent in the cerebellum or medulla. Exposure to ambient heat resulted in increased fluorescein with the cortex, hypothalamus and medulla, but not the cerebellum, and, in general, ambient heat was not as effective as microwave energy in raising tracer concentrations within the brain. By far the greatest elevation of fluorescein dye in the brain occurred in those animals whose blood-brain barrier had been opened osmotically by intracarotid injection of 10 M urea. It is suggested that increased levels of sodium fluorescein found in the brain tissue of ambient heat and microwave-exposed rats most likely represent technically derived artifact and not a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.
Ionization chamber radioisotope comparator

A precision instrument for the routine measurement of liquid beta- emitting radioisotopes was developed by modifying a portable Chang and Eng fast neutron detector. The battery-powered unit is rugged and dependable, and assays can be made rapidly. The minimum radioactivity measurable is of the order of 0.1 microcurie per milliliter and extends upward by a factor of 10/sup 5/. The inherent accuracy of the comparator is within plus or minus 2% and the over-all absolute accuracy is estimated as plus or minus 5%. (auth)
With a little help from my friends: can social navigation inform interpersonal privacy preferences?

Recent privacy controversies surrounding social networking sites demonstrate that the mere availability of settings is not enough for effective privacy management. We investigated whether the aggregated privacy choices of one's social circle might guide users in making informed privacy decisions. We conducted an experiment in which users specified preferences for six privacy-relevant settings in Instant Messaging. In one condition, users were provided with information indicating the privacy preferences of the majority of their ``buddies." Our results suggest that while this information did influence user choices, the effect was secondary to that of the ``privacy-sensitivity" of the system feature controlled by the particular setting. Frequency of IM usage was also associated with privacy choices. The experiment data coupled with user comments suggest several usability improvements in interfaces for specifying privacy preferences.
Desire and Narrativity in Annie Hall

“At the origin of Narrative, desire,” writes Roland Barthes, saving his for the end of the sentence. Partly because of Barthes's influence, this theory of the fusion of desire and narrativity has become central for many critics and students of literature and cinema, especially those who tend to emphasize the connection between semiotics and psychoanalysis. According to this theory, narrativity, as the organization of the processes of sign production and subjectivity in cinema, originates in the Oedipal experience of sexual difference. Desire – the establishment of sexual differences through the displacement of the unconscious upon language and symbols – finds itself in narrative. Desire and narrative function together as two ineluctable parts of the same process of the unending search for self and identity. All narrative emerges out of this basic, most personal of stories involving the interaction between unconscious forces and culture. Thus, Teresa de Lauretis sees “desire as a function of narrative and narrativity as a process engaging that desire.” She writes, “The work of narrative, then, is a mapping of differences, and specifically, first and foremost, of sexual difference into each text.” In this formulation, desire, narrativity, and Oedipus operate interdependently and intertextually, thereby effecting an important movement of post-Freudian critical theory from drives and ego relations to language and signs. Oedipus provides the basis for character development, while the Freudian narrative of repression and return enables us to talk about the unspeakable and to see in disguised form the desire that remains hidden from personal consciousness and the moral imagination.
Tropomyosin rotational dynamics in thin filaments

We have used phosphorescence anisotropy from erythrosin-5- iodoacetamide covalently attached to rabbit skeletal muscle tropomyosin (Tm) to characterize the molecular dynamics of Tm on the surface of F-actin. Although the probe was loosely bound to Tm, it was able to monitor the molecular dynamics of the F- actin/Tm complex on the microsecond time scale. The steady-state phosphorescence anisotropy of Tm in the complex was 0.025+/- 0.005 at 20 degree(s)C. Since the anisotropy of actin in a similar complex was 0.11+/- 0.01, Tm may be moving independently on the filament surface. Studies of the effect of temperature and solution viscosity provided additional evidence for independent tropomyosin motions. A modified Perrin plot of 1/r versus (tau) T/(eta) (where r is the steady-state phosphorescence anisotropy, (tau) is the phosphorescence lifetime, T is the absolute temperature, and (eta) is solution viscosity) provided evidence for two distinct modes of motion for Tm on F-actin; these modes corresponded to the rotation of segments with significantly different volumes. While the volume of the fast component was comparable to that of a single tropomyosin molecule, providing evidence that Tm moves on the surface of F- actin, the volume of the slow component corresponded to only a small portion of the entire complex.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Long range order and defect concentrations in NiAl and CoAl

Abstract X-ray diffractometry has been used to determine both the concentrations of vacancies and the fractions of lattice sites occupied by anti-site atoms in both CoAl and NiAl as a function of aluminum concentration. It is shown that both compounds can achieve the maximum possible order both at their stoichiometric compositions and when Al-poor. However, Al-rich compositions are less ordered than possible, indicating the presence of constitutional vacancies, a feature consistent with the maxima in the lattice constants at the stoichiometric compositions. Assuming that both constitutional vacancies and Al anti-site atoms exist, it is shown that in Co-52 Al, 2% of the Co-sites were occupied by vacancies and 3% by Al atoms, whilst in Ni55Al, the vacancies and anti-site atoms occupied 7 and 6% of the Ni sites, respectively. Thus, it is shown that CoAl has similar defect characteristics to NiAl.
Inhibition of α-chymotrypsin with an enzyme-activated N-Nitrosoamide: Active-site labeling by the naphthylmethyl cation

alpha-Chymotrypsin was irreversibly inhibited with an enzyme-activated N-nitrosamide inhibitor, N-nitroso-N-(1-naphthylmethyl)-N'-isobutyrylalanine; alkylation of the active-site residues by the naphthylmethyl cation produced in the enzymatic reaction occurred. The inhibited enzyme was reduced and aminoethylated and then subjected to tryptic and chymotryptic digestion. Separation of the digest by reversed-phase HPLC revealed one major new peak relative to that of a control run from the native enzyme. Subsequent amino acid analysis and sequencing along with fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry measurements indicated that this new peak stemmed from an active-site peptide, Met-192-Leu-199, and that the naphthylmethyl label was attached to the side-chain oxygen of Ser-195. The general approach employed can be applied to labeling active sites of a variety of hydrolytic enzymes.
Ultralight Metallic Microlattices

Ultralight (<10 milligrams per cubic centimeter) cellular materials are desirable for thermal insulation; battery electrodes; catalyst supports; and acoustic, vibration, or shock energy damping. We present ultralight materials based on periodic hollow-tube microlattices. These materials are fabricated by starting with a template formed by self-propagating photopolymer waveguide prototyping, coating the template by electroless nickel plating, and subsequently etching away the template. The resulting metallic microlattices exhibit densities ρ ≥ 0.9 milligram per cubic centimeter, complete recovery after compression exceeding 50% strain, and energy absorption similar to elastomers. Young’s modulus E scales with density as E ~ ρ^2, in contrast to the E ~ ρ^3 scaling observed for ultralight aerogels and carbon nanotube foams with stochastic architecture. We attribute these properties to structural hierarchy at the nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter scales.
Phase equilibria and solid state transformations in Nb-rich Nb–Ti–Al intermetallic alloys

Abstract The solidification pathways and phase equilibria at 1100, 900 and 700°C in seven Nb-rich alloys of the Nb–Ti–Al system were examined. The as-cast microstructures revealed that all alloys had undergone β solidification, extending the range of the β phase field further into the ternary system than previously reported. Changes in the atomic site occupancy preferences with alloy composition were examined for the B2 ordered β 0 phase through atom location by channeling-enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI). A β to δ massive-like transformation observed in cast material, was reproduced in continuously cooled homogenized samples. The formation of a new phase, θ, based on the I 4 1 /amd body centered tetragonal structure was observed below 1100°C. In addition, a metastable hP18 structure, produced through an ω-type transformation of the β 0 phase, was also observed.
“Function-First” Lead Discovery: Mode of Action Profiling of Natural Product Libraries Using Image-Based Screening

Cytological profiling is a high-content image-based screening technology that provides insight into the mode of action (MOA) for test compounds by directly measuring hundreds of phenotypic cellular features. We have extended this recently reported technology to the mechanistic characterization of unknown natural products libraries for the direct prediction of compound MOAs at the primary screening stage. By analyzing a training set of commercial compounds of known mechanism and comparing these profiles to those obtained from natural product library members, we have successfully annotated extracts based on MOA, dereplicated known compounds based on biological similarity to the training set, and identified and predicted the MOA of a unique family of iron siderophores. Coupled with traditional analytical techniques, cytological profiling provides an avenue for the creation of "function-first" approaches to natural products discovery.
Interaction of perceptually monitored and unmonitored efferent commands for smooth pursuit eye movements.

Abstract When observers tracked a horizontally moving spot, the path of a second spot moving at an angle to the horizontal was radically misperceived. At a signal observers abruptly switched to tracking the second spot, which was then stabilized foveally. Data concerning resulting eye movements and perceptions support a distinction between the “central” motor command, which is found to be formulated solely from the erroneous perception, and the motor command that finally reaches the eye, which, under some specifiable circumstances, has been “peripherally” transformed so that the actual motion of the eye is appropriate to the actual motion of the target.
ET, OT and SBT

Abstract Until recently, the normative theory of taxation has focused on the issue of horizontal equity, i.e. the equal treatment of equals. Based on the Schanz-Haig-Simons tradition, a definition of taxable income as accretion has been developed and applied to financial and legal institutions. This work has yielded important results, but certain basic problems which arise in defining an index of equality have been neglected. This paper addresses these problems as well as certain conflicts which arise in combining horizontal equity with efficiency considerations. This theory of equitable taxation is compared with the more recent writings on optimal taxation, where the issue of horizontal equity is bypassed but a more explicit reconciliation between vertical equity and efficiency considerations is achieved.
Sequential Energy and Electron Transfer in an Artificial Reaction Center: Formation of a Long-Lived Charge-Separated State

A novel molecular triad, representing an artificial reaction center, was synthesized via linking a fullerene moiety to an array of two porphyrins (i.e., a zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnP) and a free base tetraphenyl porphyrin (H2P)). In this ZnP−H2P−C60 triad, the ZnP performs as an antenna molecule, transferring its singlet excited state energy to the energetically lower lying H2P. In benzonitrile, this energy transfer (k = 1.5 × 1010 s-1) is followed by a sequential electron-transfer relay evolving from the generated singlet excited state of H2P to yield ZnP−H2P•+−C60•- and subsequently ZnP•+−H2P−C60•- with rate constants of 7.0 × 109 s-1 and 2.2 × 109 s-1, respectively. The final charge-separated state, formed in high yield (0.4), gives rise to a remarkable lifetime of 21 μs in deoxygenated benzonitrile and decays directly to the singlet ground state. In contrast, in nonpolar toluene solutions the deactivation of the porphyrin chromophores (ZnP and H2P) takes place via singlet−singlet energy transfer l...
The hepatitis B virus-encoded transcriptional trans-activator hbx appears to be a novel protein serine/threonine kinase

Abstract To study the functional mechanism of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X (hbx) gene product, we have expressed the hbx protein in E. coli and purified it by HPLC. The purified hbx protein was shown to be active in trans -activating transcription directed by the LTR sequence of HIV-1. The hbx protein was found to have an intrinsic serine/threonine protein kinase activity. The hbx protein was detected in hepatitis B virions, and tryptic phosphopeptide maps of the hbx protein phosphorylated in the virion and of the in vitro phosphorylated bacterially expressed hbx protein were similar. Inactivation of the hbx protein by heat, protein-denaturing agents, or an ATP affinity analog, p-fluorosulfonyl-benzoyl 5′-adenosine, resulted in loss of both protein kinase activity and trans -activation activity. These results suggest that the HBV-encoded trans -activator hbx is a novel protein kinase.
Reaeration kate estimation using the lag in dissolved oxygen concentration

Two new methods for the estimation of the reaeration coefficient in a stream are derived. The first method, termed the “peak lag method,”; or PLM, calculates the reaeration coefficient, K, using th...
Endovascular infrainguinal in situ saphenous vein bypass: A multicenter preliminary report

The ideal operative approach for infrainguinal in situ bypass grafting would render the saphenous vein (SV) valves incompetent while occluding venous tributaries from within the SV: an endovascular in situ SV bypass. Forty-six femoropopliteal-tibial in situ bypasses were performed in part by the endovascular occlusion technique. Valvulotomy was accomplished with a retrograde "cutter" valvulotome, and endoluminal cannulation of 84 SV tributaries was performed with a shape memory metal alloy (nickle-titanium), electronically steerable catheter under angioscopic surveillance. Sixty-nine SV tributaries (82%) were totally occluded and 15 (18%) were partially occluded with platinum occlusion coils. Twelve coils that "recoiled" into the SV lumen were retrieved uneventfully. The valvulotomes caused six SV perforations that were repaired without consequence. Intraoperative fluoroscopy confirmed coil placement and verified venous tributary occlusion, as well as SV graft patency. During short-term follow-up (mean 9.2 months; range 1 to 15 months), all patients have undergone ultrasonography of the in situ bypasses. All 69 of the SV tributaries that occluded initially have remained occluded and 84% (39/46) of the in situ bypasses have remained patent. This study demonstrates that an electronically steerable nitinol catheter can be used safely to occlude venous tributaries from within the SV. Endovascular occlusion of SV tributaries may ultimately obviate the need for long incisions the length of the leg, thus reducing wound-related problems and shortening recuperation.
Brain activity related to the ability to inhibit previous task sets: an fMRI study

Switching between tasks requires individuals to inhibit mental representations of the previous task demands and to activate representations of the new demands. To date, investigators have identified only one way to measure task set inhibition-that is, through a backward inhibition (BI) paradigm. In this paradigm, participants take more time to return to a task set that was recently abandoned (e.g., "A" in an ABA task sequence) than to a nonrecently abandoned task set (e.g., CBA), and investigators have demonstrated that this time cost reflects time needed to overcome the inhibition of the recently abandoned task set. To date, however, investigators have not been able to use this paradigm, or any other, to isolate brain activity related to task set inhibition. For example, contrasting the brain activity elicited by ABA and CBA trials will not isolate activity related to task set inhibition, because inhibition occurs during the initial switch away from task A (i.e., ABA). Given that there is currently no way to directly isolate the brain activity related to task set inhibition, we decided instead to examine how brain activity during task switching varies in individuals who are better than others at inhibiting the previous task set. We found that participants who were good at inhibiting previous task sets, as measured with the BI paradigm, exhibited more activity in the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area/premotor area when task switching, as measured via functional magnetic resonance imaging. These findings suggest that activity in these regions plays a role in task set inhibition.
From electron microscopy to X-ray crystallography: molecular-replacement case studies

Multi-component molecular complexes are increasingly being tackled by structural biology, bringing X-ray crystallography into the purview of electron-microscopy (EM) studies. X-ray crystallography can utilize a low-resolution EM map for structure determination followed by phase extension to high resolution. Test studies have been conducted on five crystal structures of large molecular assemblies, in which EM maps are used as models for structure solution by molecular replacement (MR) using various standard MR packages such as AMoRe, MOLREP and Phaser. The results demonstrate that EM maps are viable models for molecular replacement. Possible difficulties in data analysis, such as the effects of the EM magnification error, and the effect of MR positional/rotational errors on phase extension are discussed.
Parenting Styles and Adjustment Outcomes Among College Students

Research has demonstrated that parenting styles partially explain college students’ academic adjustment. However, to account for academic adjustment more fully, additional contributors should be identified and tested. We examined the fit of a hypothesized model consisting of parenting styles, indicators of well-being, and academic adjustment among 315 college students. The model demonstrated a close fit to the data and contained several significant paths.
Psychological Variables as Predictors of Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Among Minority and Immigrant Adolescents1

The occurrence of discrimination in the real world is difficult to determine objectively, as it is defined in part by intentions. The perception of discrimination may therefore be influenced by one's interpretation of the intentions of others. In order to examine psychological characteristics that influence the perception of ethnic discrimination, 164 Armenian, Mexican American, and Vietnamese adolescents completed measures of perceived discrimination (PD), self-esteem, mastery, depression/anxiety, intergroup competence, and ethnic identity, as well as demographic variables. A path analysis showed that higher depression/anxiety scores and lower intergroup competence predicted more PD; depression/anxiety and intergroup competence were in turn predicted by self-esteem and mastery, respectively. Birthplace and socioeconomic status had an indirect effect on PD, via intergroup competence. The results suggest the importance of psychological variables in the perception of discrimination.
Antibiotic Use in the Management of Pulmonary Nodules

Background Pulmonary nodules are common incidental findings on thoracic imaging examinations. This study sought to determine whether antibiotic use is associated with any improvement in nodule appearance and to identify clinical findings and nodule characteristics potentially influencing the decision to prescribe antibiotics. Methods Electronic medical records were reviewed of outpatients referred to a metropolitan cancer center for pulmonary nodules seen on chest CT scans who did not undergo biopsy. The primary end point was the appearance of each nodule on the first follow-up scan. A subset analysis was performed for patients manifesting symptoms or radiographic findings suggesting infection. An analysis was performed to determine what clinical and radiographic findings were associated with the decision to prescribe antibiotics. Results Between January 2003 and December 2004, 143 evaluations were performed for 293 nodules. Antibiotics were prescribed to 34 (24%) evaluations. A trend toward improvement was seen with antibiotic use, which was not significant. The percentage of nodules that improved was 33% among those receiving antibiotics and 27% among those who did not (odds ratio 1.33; 95% CI, 0.55–3.27). Among 63 patients with pulmonary symptoms, 41% of nodules improved among those receiving antibiotics and 28% among those who did not (odds ratio 1.78; 95% CI, 0.42–7.78). The decision to prescribe antibiotics was associated only with larger nodule size and bronchiectasis. Conclusions These data do not support antibiotic use for pulmonary nodules. However, the trend toward improved nodule appearance suggests that larger prospective trials are warranted to clarify the role of antibiotics in managing lung nodules.
New structures of video collections

With the growth of online TV, people increasingly expect services like recommending and sharing in digital video libraries. The amount and diversity of online video is increasing rapidly, changing how people engage with TV content. Thus, there is a need for models that account for the new online TV systems and the evolving expectations of users. This paper reports on the first iteration of a digital library model for online TV. The model was developed experimentally by analyzing collections, services and temporal behaviors of the most popular online TV sites.
A thermo-mechanical correlation with driving forces for hcp martensite and twin formations in the Fe-Mn-C system exhibiting multicomposition sets.

The thermodynamic properties of the Fe–Mn–C system were investigated by using an analytical model constructed by a CALPHAD approach. The stacking fault energy (SFE) of the fcc structure with respect to the hcp phase was always constant at T0, independent of the composition and temperature when other related parameters were assumed to be constant. Experimental limits for the thermal hcp formation and the mechanical (deformation-induced) hcp formation were separated by the SFE at T0. The driving force for the fcc to hcp transition, defined as a dimensionless value –dGm/(RT), was determined in the presence of Fe-rich and Mn-rich composition sets in each phase. Carbon tended to partition to the Mn-rich phase rather than to the Fe-rich phase for the compositions studied. The results obtained revealed a thermo-mechanical correlation with empirical yield strength, maximum true stress and maximum true strain. The proportionality between thermodynamics and mechanical properties is discussed.
mm-Wave Device Modeling

Circuit designers are mostly used to assume device models as given, instantiate their desired devices in their schematic windows, set up the simulation and run! They might perform their simulations in a number of different process corners and this is as much as they should worry about the whole notion of device modeling. mm-wave circuit design, at least for now, is an exception and both active and passive devices need extensive modeling. In this section, first reasons for this importance are discussed, then the device modeling procedure up to 100 GHz is presented and modeling results for single-transistor devices are shown. This follows by a discussion about measurement and de-embedding at these frequencies. Finally modeling of cascode devices are is included as an example of a multi-transistor structure.
Hypothalamic rAAV-mediated GDNF gene delivery ameliorates age-related obesity

Intraventricular delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) results in weight loss. We hypothesized that this effect of GDNF was likely mediated via its effects on dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus. Continuous rAAV-mediated GDNF expression in the hypothalamus of young and senescent rats resulted in weight loss compared to controls. However, GDNF-induced weight loss was unrelated to alterations in hypothalamic dopamine levels. The weight loss was associated with decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure, but these effects were not mediated by changes in hypothalamic NPY or POMC expression. Moreover, uncoupling protein 1 levels were unchanged in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The reduction in weight and adiposity were as great or greater in the aged rats even though aged rats are generally resistant to weight loss therapies. In summary, central GDNF gene delivery reduces weight and adiposity in young and aged rats through decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. Our observations in aged rats suggest that GDNF may be especially effective in reducing obesity in aged obese rats.
Spectra of Two X-Ray-Emitting Quasi-Stellar Objects Apparently Ejected from the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 2639

This Letter presents the results of optical spectrophotometry of two blue stellar objects identified at the centers of two strong, compact X-ray sources located nearly symmetrically on either side of the LINER/Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2639 in the direction of its minor axis. The spectra presented here show that both are QSOs with remarkably similar spectra; the redshifts are, for NGC 2639 No. 8, z = 0.3048 ± 0.0012, and for NGC 2639 No. 3, z = 0.3232 ± 0.0004 (the former confirms an earlier identification and redshift measurement by Arp). Their location with respect to NGC 2639, the similarity of their optical spectra and redshifts, and their strong compact X-ray emission suggest that they are associated with NGC 2639, in line with the results of an analysis on ROSAT archival data in which an apparently statistically significant excess of strong compact X-ray sources has been found in the fields of X-ray-emitting Seyfert galaxies.
Renal involvement in children with lymphoma: comparison of CT with sonography.

In order to determine whether real-time sonography or contrast-enhanced CT was better for detecting renal involvement by lymphoma in children, we retrospectively studied 44 patients (6 months to 19 years of age) in whom lymphoma was diagnosed at our hospital during a 5-year period. In no patient was there any clinical evidence of renal disease at the time of presentation. In 39 patients, sonographic and CT findings were similar (normal in 36 patients and showing extrinsic mass effects on the kidneys in three patients). In five patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma whose contrast-enhanced CT scans showed low-attenuation renal nodules, renal sonography was normal in two, showed renal enlargement in two, and showed a solitary hypoechoic nodule in one patient with multiple, bilateral nodules on CT. Tissue diagnosis of the renal lesions was not obtained, but in the four patients who had follow-up CT, the renal abnormalities resolved after chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that contrast-enhanced CT is superior to...
Regulation of sugar transport in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of RSV

Abstract Chick embryo fibroblasts, infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Rous Sarcoma virus Ts-68 and cultured at the permissive temperature (37°C) for transformation, exhibit an increased V max for sugar transport, compared to that of uninfected fibroblasts and infected fibroblasts cultured at the nonpermissive temperature (41°C) for transformation. Studies were initiated to determine which events in the regulation of transport could account for these differences. Three experimental models were used which result in an increase in the V max for sugar transport: growing the cells in the absence of glucose; shifting the virus-infected cells from 41°C to 37°C; and adding fetal calf serum to serum-deprived cultures. Culturing Ts-68-infected cells at 41°C or 37°C in glucose-free medium for 30 hr resulted in a similar induction of the synthesis of the sugar transport system. This result established that the synthesis of the transport system was not temperature-sensitive in infected cells maintained at 41°C, nor was there a difference in the rate of its degradation. The half-life (t12) of the transport system for cells grown at 37°C was about 5.2 to 6 hr, and was the same for both virus-transformed and uninfected fibroblasts. The t12 for cells cultured at 41°C was also similar for uninfected and infected cells, and was between 3.1 and 3.4 hr. Experiments using cordycepin demonstrated that a metabolic step blocked by this inhibitor was required for the enhancement of sugar transport in Ts-68-infected fibroblasts following a shift in culture temperature from 41°C to 37°C. Actinomycin D was without effect. Ts-68-infected cells cultured at 41°C and uninfected cells both exhibited a rapid decay of transport activity when fetal calf serum was removed from the medium and a biphasic increase in activity following its addition. The rate of sugar transport in Ts-68-infected cells cultured at 37°C was not affected by the removal or addition of serum, indicating that one aspect of transformation is the loss in the ability of cells to effect post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the number of sugar transport sites.
Evidence that Shh cooperates with a retinoic acid inducible co-factor to establish ZPA-like activity

Patterning across the anteroposterior axis of the vertebrate limb bud involves a signal from the polarizing region, a small group of cells at the posterior margin of the bud. Retinoic acid (RA; Tickle, C., Alberts, B., Wolpert, L. and Lee, J. (1982) Nature 296, 554-566) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh; Riddle, R. D. Johnson, R. L., Laufer, E. and Tabin, C. J. (1993) Cell 25, 1401-1416; Chang, D. T., Lopez, A., von Kessler, D. P., Chiang, C., Simandl, B. K., Zhao, R., Seldin, M. F., Fallon, J. F. and Beachy, P. A. (1994 Development 120, 3339-3353) have been independently postulated as such signals because they can mimic the mirror image digit duplication obtained after grafting polarizing cells to the anterior of limb buds. Here we show that a embryonal carcinoma cell line, P19, transfected with a Shh expression vector shows low polarizing activity, but when cultured with retinoic acid, duplications like those induced by the polarizing region (ZPA) arise. Complete duplications are also obtained by cotransfecting P19 Shh cells with a constitutively active human retinoic acid receptor (VP16-hRARalpha). These data suggest that Shh and RA cooperate in generating ZPA activity and that Shh, while essential, may not act alone in this process.
Femtosecond Fluorescence Upconversion Studies of Light Harvesting by β-Carotene in Oxygenic Photosynthetic Core Proteins

Energy transfer from β-carotene to chlorophyll in the photosystem (PS) I core complex and the CP43, CP47, and reaction center (RC) proteins of PSII was studied by the femtosecond fluorescence upconversion technique. The carotenoid S2 lifetimes/transfer efficiencies, the latter obtained by comparison with β-carotene in solution, are ∼97 fs/33% (CP43), ∼100 fs/31% (CP47), ∼106 fs/26% (PSII−RC), and ∼62 fs/57% (PSI). By combining previous steady-state fluorescence excitation measurements with our ultrafast results on the carotenoid S2 lifetime and chlorophyll rise kinetics, we conclude that the β-carotene S1 state is insignificant for light harvesting in the PSII core proteins. Measurement of the steady-state fluorescence excitation spectrum of PSI at 77 K in this work yielded a β-carotene to chlorophyll energy transfer efficiency of 62 ± 3%, suggesting dominant transfer from the carotenoid S2 state. Interestingly, while both PSI and PSII almost exclusively utilize the carotenoid S2 state for light harvestin...
Palenque de San Basílio: Citizenship and Republican Traditions of a Maroon Village in Colombia

AbstractThis article presents the results of an empirical study conducted in Palenque de San Basilio in 2014. I advance two main arguments: First, that the Maroon villages settled by escaped slaves in northern Colombia were free city-republics similar to the European free city-republics described by Max Weber [1968. Economy and society. New York, NY: Bedminster Press]. The only difference that separates the Colombian from the European experience is that the model of citizenship created in those European cities became the model for citizenship in the emerging nation-states of Europe. In Colombia, in contrast, the white creole elites tried to end these experiments by way of war. Where they were not able to eliminate them, as in Palenque, they marginalized these communities. Step by step, they took away their political character, transforming them into cultural curiosities, ready to be consumed in the tourism market. The second argument is that Palenque de San Basilio has one of the densest and richest civic...
Leaders' Preferences for Fairness and Risk-Sharing Across Generations

We propose a new and tractable model of fairness preferences to understand how leaders' often stated goal of intergenerational fairness influences their actions. We parameterize two distinct dimensions of fairness preferences, deterministic and stochastic fairness, to capture the heterogeneity in the importance of fairness to leaders. We apply these preferences to three public policy settings: endowed funds, public pension plans, and the depletion of natural resources. We find that observed behavior is consistent with a strong preference for deterministic fairness while the preference for stochastic fairness differs across settings. The preference for fairness alters behavior more for decisions affecting many generations, helping us understand the observed use of high short-run but low long-run discount rates in cost-benefit analysis by government leaders. Furthermore, these preferences can explain why long-run discount rates used in public policy choices, e.g., global warming mitigation, are lower than market-implied discount rates.
The differential performance of information channels in the transfer of technology

Communication and technology transfer among engineers and scientists in research and development programs
Abnormalities of Atrioventricular Conduction

The rate and rhythm of atria and ventricles can be noted objectively, but the origin of the impulses responsible for these features must be deduced from the characteristics of the curves they produce, and whether activity in the ventricles represents progression of an impulse from the atria, or vice versa, or they are unrelated, is always a judgment; the upper and lower hearts can interact in a variety of ways, and are capable of functioning independently. If there are both Ps and QRSs, a PR interval, defined simply as the distance between the beginning of P and the beginning of the next QRS, can be measured even when there is complete AV block. To record a figure for a PR interval is to express the opinion that the impulse responsible for atrial activity continued through the AV junction and depolarized the ventricles; all the tracing shows is Ps and QRSs.
Thoughts for a Single Level of Appeal

This was a proposal intended to consolidate what was known as the District Conference and the Appeals Division into a new and different single level of appeal. After the article was published, the proposal was adopted throughout the Internal Revenue Service. At the time, the author was a member of the IRS Commissioner's Advisory Group, known as CAG.
Recent developments in the Green's function method

A recent computational development on the Green's function method (the method used in the computer program SOUSSA: Steady, Oscillatory and Unsteady Subsonic and Supersonic Aerodynamics) is presented. A scheme consisting of combined numerical (Gaussian quadrature) and analytical procedures for the evaluation of the source and doublet integrals used in the program is presented. This combination results in 80 to 90% reduction in computer time.
Self-Assembled Synthetic Protein Scaffolds: Biosynthesis and Applications

Scaffold proteins play an important role in diverse cellular processes. Their unique molecular architecture helps to organize functionally interacting proteins in space and time. The resulting self-assembled protein complexes perform a wide variety of unique cellular functions. Inspired by these naturally occurring protein scaffolds, there has been an increasing interest in the development of novel artificial protein scaffolds for both in-vivo and in-vitro applications. Here two different molecular assembly strategies for effective biosynthesis of novel protein scaffolds are discussed. These scaffolds include amyloid-like nanofibril scaffolds and nano-scale oleosomal scaffolds derived from biological protein-bound lipid droplets synthesized in vivo. By recruiting protein components with distinctive functions (e.g. targeting, catalytic, and/or reporting) on the same scaffold, one can create intricate nanofactories to carry out novel tasks, including complex electrochemical biosensing.
Experimental Fin Tips For Reusable Launch Vehicles (ExFiT) Flight Data Validation

Through a joint effort between the Air Force Institute of Technology and The United States Air Force Academy, experimental fin tips for reusable launch vehicles were modeled and tested to support the Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate’s Future responsive Access to Space Technologies program through supersonic flight testing of a novel airfoil. Both a computational fluid dynamics model and a finite element model of the experimental airfoils were created. The ExFiT fins were then tested on a sounding rocket designed, built, and launched by USAFA through the FalconLAUNCH program. The sounding rocket flight returned strain gauge and thermistor data which allowed evaluation of the accuracy of the CFD and FE models. The model evaluation and flight data analysis process involved both computational and laboratory testing. The goal was to first validate the finite element model and then apply the flight loads generated by CFD analysis to the FE model which yielded results that were then compared to flight data. Successful validation of the two models allows for further design and testing in new areas of aeroelasticity.
Solution and Solid State NMR Studies of the Structure and Dynamics of C60 and C70

We have investigated the structure and dynamics of C60 and C70 with 13C NMR spectroscopy. In solution, high-resolution spectra reveal that C60 has a single resonance at 143 ppm, indicating a strained, aromatic system with high symmetry. This is strong evidence for a C60 “soccer ball” geometry. A 2D NMR INADEQUATE experiment on 13C-enriched C70 reveals the bonding connectivity to be a linear string, in firm support of the proposed “rugby ball” structure with D5h symmetry, and furnishes resonance assignments. Solid state NMR spectra of C60 at ambient temperatures yield a narrow resonance, indicative of rapid molecular reorientation. Variable temperature T1 measurements show that the rotational correlation time is ~ 10−9s at 230 K. At 77 K, this time increases to more than 1 ms, and the 13C NMR spectrum of C60 is a powder pattern due to chemical shift anisotropy (tensor components 220, 186, 40 ppm). At intermediate temperatures a narrow peak is superimposed on the powder pattern, suggesting a distribution of barriers to molecular motion in the sample, or the presence of an additional phase in the solid state. A Carr-Purcell dipolar experiment on C60 in the solid state allows the first precise determination of the C60 bond lengths: 1.45 and 1.40A.
Entry and distribution of aluminum in Zea mays : The mode of entry and distribution of aluminum in Zea mays: Electron microprobe X-ray analysis.

The electron microprobe X-ray analyzer (microprobe) has been used to determine the mode of entry of aluminum (Al) and its distribution and localization in the corn plant. Microprobe analysis is a non-destructive method allowing for multiple element analysis in the same tissues, cells or cell organelles.
Normal Growth of Rat Mammary Glands During Pregnancy and Early Lactation.

SummaryWith DNA as a measure of mammary gland growth in rat, it was shown that there was a 41.5% increase between 18-20th day of pregnancy and day 5 of lactation. This increase occurred in spite of the fact that DNA/nucleus of lactating cells is reduced 42.8% in comparison with cells of pregnant animals. Increased total DNA for 6 abdominal-inguinal glands/100 g body weight was maintained until day 21 of lactation. Animals ovariectomized on day 2 of lactation showed equal increases on day 14 of lactation. It is concluded that marked glandular proliferation occurs following parturition (5 to 10 days) which is not interfered with by ovariectomy. It is suggested that post-parturient mammary gland growth, instead of depending upon ovarian hormones, may be due to direct release of pituitary mammogen associated with release of oxytocin and lactogen by periodic nursing stimuli.
Commentary: Beyond tone and climate: broadening the framework

In this commentary, we address some general questions regarding the use of statistical methods for the purposes of correlating linguistic with nonlinguistic features, as well as engage some specific claims in the position article by Everett et al. (2016). In the process, we attempt to arrive at possible causes for misunderstandings among researchers coming from different disciplines. This short piece is not meant to be a thorough review of the article, but simply to focus on those areas where we can provide some productive feedback. First, we do believe that it is an empirical question whether or not certain linguistic features are influenced by external forces, and one should indeed pursue such research questions using statistical methods. As pointed out by Ladd et al. (2015), correlational studies of this kind can help one choose among competing hypotheses. While it is true that finding a correlation does not necessarily establish causation, it is also true that having discovered a correlation is better than having none. In addition, understanding how human language evolved will require such approaches. Perhaps part of the reason why some linguists seem skeptical about the findings of this kind has to do with what we can call a problem of proportion. Isolated studies like this, without being embedded in a comprehensive framework, may suggest to the reader, even when this is not claimed by the author(s), that a linguistic phenomenon can be completely reduced to a nonlinguistic factor. What would help would be to embed these findings into a larger, more comprehensive framework about change in phonological systems, as well as how these systems evolve. Against the background of such a comprehensive framework, one can then try to determine how much of a role is played by climate as opposed to other factors, such as language-internal …