cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Regular Replacement for String Constraint Solving

Bugs in user input sanitation of software systems often lead to vulnerabilities. Among them many are caused by improper use of regular replacement. This paper presents a precise modeling of various semantics of regular substitution, such as the declarative, finite, greedy, and reluctant, using finite state transducers (FST). By projecting an FST to its input/output tapes, we are able to solve atomic string constraints, which can be applied to both the forward and backward image computation in model checking and symbolic execution of text processing programs. We report several interesting discoveries, e.g., certain fragments of the general problem can be handled using less expressive deterministic FST. A compact representation of FST is implemented in SUSHI, a string constraint solver. It is applied to detecting vulnerabilities in web applications
Radiative Alpha-Particle Capture in Ni 58 and Xe 136 at Higher Energies

The cross sections of the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\gamma}$) reaction have been measured as a function of bombarding energy in ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$ and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{136}$ up to about 35 Mev. In both cases the capture events were identified by means of the specific radioactivity produced in the reaction. In the bombardment of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$ it was necessary to make use of the tight angular spread of recoils in the capture reaction to distinguish these recoils from those of the ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{60}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2\mathrm{n})$ reaction. Both measured capture cross sections rise to a maximum value (${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$: 400 \ensuremath{\mu}b, ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{136}$: 60 \ensuremath{\mu}b) at an excitation energy of about 20 Mev. A comparison of the observed cross sections with those obtained in ($p, \ensuremath{\gamma}$) reactions at similar energies suggests that these higher energy capture reactions take place largely through the formation of a compound nucleus rather than by any "direct" mechanism.
Results Analysis of Occupational Health Examination in Xuanwei City in 2010

[Objective]To understand the health status of occupational population in Xuanwei city,and provide evidence for improving occupational disease control levels. [Methods]The occupational population received occupational health examination were selected as study objects.The results were analyzed statistically. [Results]The coal industry had the lowest actual detection rate(94.49%),and the highest detection rate of occupational diseases(4.17%);The highest one of actual detection rate was the large enterprises(98.93%);the lowest one of actual detection rate was the small enterprises(92.30%),the medium-sized enterprises had the highest detection rate of occupational diseases(5.01%);the state-owned economic enterprises had the highest actual detection rate(98.93%),and the collective economic enterprises had the highest detection rate of occupational diseases(4.39%). [Conclusion]The occupational health surveillance of the coal industry and other industries and medium-sized enterprises needs to be strengthened.
SCM-based Design of the Hardware of DDS Signal Generators

A micro DDS signal generator is designed,controlled by STC89C52RC chip,featuring exterior ROM storage,4×4 matrix keyboard input,output waveform from wave inspectors and dot-matrix liquid crystal output value.The experimental result shows that the generator has a small volume,sound stability and high accuracy.
Combination Evaluation model and Empirical Study of Equipment Demonstration

Aiming at the inconsistency problem of appraising conclusions in comprehensive evaluation of multiple configuration alternatives,a combination evaluation model of equipment demonstration is established in this paper.The model uses Kendall correlation to check up the compatibility consistency of individual method.Then fuzzy-borda number method is used to get the combinational result.Finally,the model uses Spearman correlation to make sure the coherence between the combination evaluation result and those original evaluation methods.A case study shows that the model is feasible and effective.It makes comprehensive evaluation of demonstration alternatives better and more reasonable.
Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Polysilicon

Test techniques and procedures have been developed to measure the tensile stress-strain curves of thin-film polysilicon over the temperature range of 0°–250°C. These are described, and the variations in Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and strength of this brittle material are presented along with measurements of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Young’s modulus decreases ∼10 percent over the temperature range, while Poisson’s ratio remains unchanged. There is no significant change in fracture strength with temperature. Initial measurements of the coefficient of thermal expansion are higher than handbook values for bulk silicon.
ROC curve analyses of eyewitness identification decisions: An analysis of the recent debate

How should the accuracy of eyewitness identification decisions be measured, so that best practices for identification can be determined? This fundamental question is under intense debate. One side advocates for continued use of a traditional measure of identification accuracy, known as the diagnosticity ratio, whereas the other side argues that receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) should be used instead because diagnosticity is confounded with response bias. Diagnosticity proponents have offered several criticisms of ROCs, which we show are either false or irrelevant to the assessment of eyewitness accuracy. We also show that, like diagnosticity, Bayesian measures of identification accuracy confound response bias with witnesses’ ability to discriminate guilty from innocent suspects. ROCs are an essential tool for distinguishing memory-based processes from decisional aspects of a response; simulations of different possible identification tasks and response strategies show that they offer important constraints on theory development.
Transatlantic Currents: Exploring the past, present and future of global historical archaeology

The past, present, and future of global historical archaeology is addressed first through a comparative analysis of the development of the discipline in North America and the British Isles, and second by a consideration of the recent expansion of interest around the world and particularly in postcolonial contexts. Drawing from a range of global case studies, it is argued that the most productive way forward for the discipline lies in its ability to engage productively with contemporary societal problems and global challenges in locally rooted and contingent ways.
Cornerstones to shape modeling for the 21st century: introducing the AKA-Glucose project.

For some reason, the start of a new century, as though magically demarcating history, seems to confer the right to reflect on progress as we embrace a ‘new’ period or ‘new’ phase of endeavor. Accordingly, we begin this paper by reviewing what computer-based mathematical modeling in biology (CMMB) has brought us thus far, as we begin the 21st century (or could we say, ‘the third millennium’,). We will decompose the stages of CMMB evolution in the last century into three generations, noting the hallmark accomplishments in each.
Exploring the Relationship between Neural Network Topology and Optimal Training Set by Means of Genetic Algorithms

In a previous paper I have presented the results of optimizing Neural Network (NN) topology for the task of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In that research, all NN were trained with a fixed 20% of the total language. In this paper I present results of optimizing a set of configuration values that have proven to affect NN performance. For example, Elman has reported improved performance when the NN were trained with simple sentences first, and complex sentences later. On the other hand, Lawrence, Giles, and Fong have reported better results when the training data was presented in a single set. Lawrence, Giles, and Fong have also studied the effect of different learning algorithms on natural language tasks. Because of the ability of GA to search a problem space for minima without using knowledge about the problem itself, they are well suited for problems that might contain more than one possible solution. Finding different minima becomes important for real-life applications, since variables such as number of hidden nodes, number of hidden layers, number of connections, and size of training set all can affect training and response time for NN.
Coaction of individual and environmental factors: a review of intensive therapy paradigms for children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Evidence-based treatment approaches for children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy are expanding and being modified to fit the constraints of families and the child receiving treatment. In this review, we first provide an overview of a theoretical framework that considers the intricate interactions between the individual child and the environment in which treatment is provided. Next, we describe intensive interventions that have strong support for their efficacy. We also highlight the heterogeneity with which children respond to these approaches. Individual characteristics that might affect responsiveness are summarized. We propose that a one-size-fits-all approach may not be as efficacious as approaches based on the specific brain damage and resulting development of the corticospinal tract. Finally, we review evidence suggesting that the environment can be structured to promote opportunities for intensive practice and self-generated movement-two important aspects of efficacious treatments. Emphasis is placed on intensive home programs delivered by caregivers. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Considerable variability exists in how children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy respond to intensive upper extremity therapies. Individual and environmental factors interact to shape responsiveness.
Heat transfer augmentation through convergence angles in a pipe

ABSTRACTForced convection in a combined entry developing length of a convergent pipe under constant wall heat flux boundary condition is performed in this work. Influences of the convergence angle,...
“That From Which All Words Return”: The Distinctive Methods of Language Utilization in Advaita Vedānta

Although Advaita acknowledges the words of the Upaniṣads to be the valid means for knowing brahman, the tradition is cognizant of the limits and difficulties of instructing about brahman through words or other symbols. With all of their limitations, however, there is no avoiding of words—since the valid source of knowledge is constituted of words. Conventional words have to be used skillfully and in very special ways to overcome limits. This chapter examines a few of specific language strategies employed in Advaita for speaking and instructing about the nature of brahman. These include the method of superimposition and de-superimposition, the method of negation and the method of implication. Words can teach about brahman, but only when employed in skillful ways to neutralize their finite meanings. Such words, in the hands of a qualified teacher, can liberate from ignorance about the nature of the self (ātman).
More visual mind wandering occurrence during visual task performance: Modality of the concurrent task affects how the mind wanders

Mind wandering has been considered as a mental process that is either independent from the concurrent task or regulated like a secondary task. These accounts predict that the form of mind wandering (i.e., images or words) should be either unaffected by or different from the modality form (i.e., visual or auditory) of the concurrent task. Findings from this study challenge these accounts. We measured the rate and the form of mind wandering in three task conditions: fixation, visual 2-back, and auditory 2-back. Contrary to the general expectation, we found that mind wandering was more likely in the same form as the task. This result can be interpreted in light of recent findings on overlapping brain activations during internally- and externally-oriented processes. Our result highlights the importance to consider the unique interplay between the internal and external mental processes and to measure mind wandering as a multifaceted rather than a unitary construct.
Predicting Limiting Activity Coefficients and Phase Behavior from Molecular Structure: Expanding MOSCED to Alkanediols Using Group Contribution Methods and Electronic Structure Calculations

The modified separation of cohesive energy density (MOSCED) is a powerful tool for early stage process conceptualization and design. It is capable of making quantitative phase-equilibrium calculations, and more importantly may be used to qualitatively understand the underlying molecular level details of a system for intuitive process design. Unfortunately, its use is limited in that parameters must first be known before predictions may be made. Here we explore the use of group contribution methods (GC-MOSCED) and electronic structure calculations in the solvation model based on density (SMD) and SM8 continuum solvation models to calculate missing parameters. We demonstrate the use of GC-MOSCED to expand MOSCED using limited data, and the ability of electronic structure calculations to calculate parameters devoid of experimental data. While GC-MOSCED performs best, we demonstrate that good predictions may be made using electronic structure calculations with the SMD continuum solvation model. Application is...
Evaluation of Immediate Acetylene Reduction by Freshly Collected Roots of Corn and Sorghum

Immediately detectable acetylene reduction by roots of field-grown corn has been reported (van Berkum, Sloger 1979). Our objective was to examine acetylene reduction and endogenous ethylene production as sources of ethylene accumulation during acetylene reduction assays.
Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NP51®Curtails the Progression of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection in Balb/c mice

We evaluated the preventative effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NP51 fed to Balb/c mice infected with a virulent strain of Mycobacterial avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from a clinical cow at the National Animal Disease Center in Ames, Iowa. Mice were randomized to treatment groups that were fed either viableor heat-killed NP51 and inoculated with either viable- or heat-killed MAP or sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Feeding the NP51 elevated numbers of T lymphocytes in the spleen and increased the concentration of interferongamma (IFN-γ) in the supernatant of splenocytes stimulated in vitro with MAP antigen. Most importantly, feeding the NP51 lowered the number of viable MAP CFU in the livers of infected mice on day 180 of the study. These results suggest that feeding the NP51 to BALB/c mice has potential to prevent the advance of MAP infection in mice.
Optimal design of reflective sensors using probabilistic analysis

Linear stepper, or Sawyer, motors have become popular in robotic mechanisms because of their high positional accuracy in open loop control mode [1]. Precision and repeatability are prerequisites in manufacturing and assembly. However the motor’s actual position becomes uncertain when it is subject to external forces. Position sensors mounted on the motors can solve this problem and provide for force-control [2].
Glial Nature of Adult Neural Stem Cells: Neurogenic Competence in Adult Astrocytes

In this review, we incorporate our understanding of the cellular composition of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the glial nature of neural stem cells (NSCs) with our growing knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms of cellular differentiation and identity. We hope that the assimilation of molecular epigenetic studies with our understanding of SVZ cellular architecture, morphology, and lineage relationships to earlier NSC populations will provide new insight into why some glial cells can generate new neurons for all of adult life.
Rhytidectomy : use of the short flap

Purpose: This study compares the use of the short and long flap rhytidectomy. Patients and Methods: Thirty short flap rhytidectomies and 20 long flap rhytidectomies were compared for indications, operating time, complications, and patient satisfaction. Flaps 6 cm or less in length were considered short flaps. Results: The short flap technique was used more frequently on younger female patients. The use of this technique resulted in fewer complications and shortened operating and anesthesia times. Patient satisfaction was the same with both procedures. Conclusion: The short flap technique is appropriate for the younger patient with minimal nasolabial folds, jowls, rhytids, actinic damage, and less extensive signs of aging. When this technique is used on a suitable patient, the results are cosmetically gratifying.
Changes in Food Cravings during Dietary Carbohydrate-restriction

Craving is defined as an intense desire to consume a particular food that is difficult to resist. Many individuals entering weight loss programs may believe that restriction of a certain type of food (e.g., carbohydrate, CHO) may increase their cravings for that food. The goal of the present study was to assess motivation for entry into a weight loss program, acceptability of low-CHO commercially-prepared foods, and changes in food cravings during rapid weight loss associated with high-fat, low-CHO dietary consumption. The foods provided for the first 2 wks included Atkin’s products (frozen dinners, bars and shakes), and some freshly-prepared meals (total fat was 54±4% of energy (%E), protein, 28±2 %E, and CHO 14±1 %E; fiber intake, 26±8 g/d) and resulted in an energy deficit of 1198 ± 655 kcal/d. For the next 2 wks, subjects prepared their own meals with the goal of achieving a similar food intake. Subjects were surveyed regarding reasons for enrolling in the program, and at baseline (BL) and 4 wks, comp...
Waiting Room Videos for Increasing HPV Vaccination: Promise and Pitfalls

* Abbreviation: HPV — : human papillomavirus Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide, affecting >79 million people annually in the United States alone.1 HPV’s more serious sequelae (cervical and other anogenital cancers, genital warts, high-grade cervical dysplasia, and possibly HPV-positive head and neck cancers) are largely preventable through vaccination. Taken together, HPV vaccines have a remarkable potential to dramatically reduce the incidence of HPV-related cancers and other diseases. Yet, the vaccine is still largely underused in many countries. In the United States, as of 2016, only 43.4% of adolescents ages 13 to 17 years had completed the recommended number of doses.2 This is well below national goals and reveals an urgent need to identify interventions that can be used to improve vaccine uptake. Many interventions have been developed to this end, but only a minority have been tested in rigorously designed trials, and even fewer have been found to actually improve vaccination rates.3,4 Thus, it is exciting to see the study by Dixon et al5 because it is 1 of the few in which these benchmarks have been reached. In … Address correspondence to Amanda F. Dempsey, MD, PhD, MPH, University of Colorado Denver, 13199 E. Montview Blvd, Suite 300, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: amanda.dempsey{at}ucdenver.edu
Resolving Internal and Global Dynamics of Proteins by Combination of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA) is a well-established method for studying molecular dynamics that occur on a timescale from picoseconds to tens of nanoseconds. This method can be used to investigate ligand-dependent changes in the local motions of regions of interest (for example loop dynamics) in proteins and protein assemblies. TRFA data are generally fitted to models based on sums of exponentials, and cross-correlation between fitting parameters can significantly affect the accuracy and precision of the recovered parameters that are associated with local and global motions. Here, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) data is used to obtain an independent measure of the whole molecule motion and calculate the mean rotational correlation time, which is then used to reduce cross-correlation with the TRFA parameters associated with the local motions.
Ultra-narrow linewidth Brillouin laser with nanokelvin temperature self-referencing

Ultrastable lasers serve as the backbone for some of the most advanced scientific experiments today and enable the ability to perform atomic spectroscopy and laser interferometry at the highest levels of precision possible. With the recent and increasing interest in applying these systems outside of the laboratory, it remains an open question as to how to realize a laser source that can reach the extraordinary levels of narrow linewidth required and still remain sufficiently compact and portable for field use. Critical to the development of this ideal laser source is the necessity for the laser to be insensitive to both short- and long-term fluctuations in temperature, which ultimately broaden the laser linewidth and cause drift in the laser’s center frequency. We show here that the use of a large mode-volume optical resonator with 2 m of optical fiber, which acts to suppress the resonator’s fast thermal fluctuations, together with stimulated Brillouin scattering optical nonlinearity presents a powerful combination that enables lasing with an ultra-narrow linewidth of 20 Hz. To address the laser’s long-term temperature drift, we apply two orthogonal polarizations of the narrow Brillouin line as a metrological tool that precisely senses a minute change in the resonator’s temperature at the level of 85 nK. The precision afforded by this temperature measurement enables new possibilities for the stabilization of resonators against environmental perturbation.
Decision Support from a Reference Laboratory Perspective

Esoteric testing presents a broad range of opportunities to improve clinical decision making. To be effective, the knowledge support needs to be seamlessly embedded into clinical workflows. Reference laboratories are uniquely positioned to play an outsized role in laboratory decision support, in part because they are large repositories of esoteric testing knowledge and in part because of their resources and client relationships. To accomplish this, however, reference laboratories must develop strong capabilities to integrate content and logic into clinical software platforms, including but not limited to electronic health records.
A Mechanism-Based Forensic Investigation into the Postmortem Redistribution of Morphine.

The interpretation of postmortem drug levels is complicated by the change in drug blood levels during the postmortem period, a phenomenon known as postmortem drug redistribution. We investigated the postmortem redistribution (PMR) of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and normorphine in the rat. Morphine (10 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into rats, followed by euthanasia 1 h post-injection. The carcasses were placed in a supine position at room temperature, and tissues including heart blood, femoral blood, liver, lung and brain were collected at different time points: 0, 8, 16 or 24 h postmortem. The samples were analyzed with a validated (following modified Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX) (20) guidelines) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The use of a mechanism-based approach (involving the used set doses of drug with the study performed in controlled environment) to assess PMR using systematic and statistical analyses provides important information that has not previously been presented in PMR literature. While previous human studies focus on central to peripheral ratios as well as peripheral to tissue ratio, this work focused on the change in morphine and metabolite concentrations over the course of the postmortem interval in relation to each other in addition to the comparison to additional matrices at each postmortem interval. Postmortem redistribution was identified in several tissues across the postmortem interval; however, there was minimal statistical difference observed among each matrix at a given postmortem interval with the exception of normorphine and morphine-3-glucuronide. Combined, our study provides a valuable resource and reference information that can aide toxicologists, medical examiners or coroners when assessing postmortem drug concentrations of morphine and metabolites when they are making determinations of cause of death.
Being Seen: Gender Identity and Performance as a Professional Resource in Library Work

While much of the literature on gender in librarianship approaches this issue at an organizational level, this qualitative study investigates how individuals working in libraries perceive their gender identities as a resource for their professional goals and how this intersects with other social identities including race and sexuality. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach to analyze in-depth interviews with 29 librarians from a variety of backgrounds, we develop four overarching themes: Visibility and Connection to Library Users , Credibility and Presumed Competence , Lack of Awareness and Hyperawareness , and Being Your Authentic Self and Concealing Yourself .
Increasing Prevalence of Developmental Disabilities Among Children in the US: A Sign of Progress?

* Abbreviations: ADHD — : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ASD — : autism spectrum disorder NHIS — : National Health Interview Survey The most recent update on developmental disabilities from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) report “Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009–2017” reveals a 9.5% increase in prevalence over 9 years.1 This increase is the latest increment in the rising prevalence of childhood disabilities documented by NHIS data since the 1960s.2 Since 1997, when the NHIS began using questions similar to those it uses today to monitor disabilities among children aged 3 to 17 years, the prevalence has increased by 38% to nearly 18% of children, or >1 in 6.1 These findings have major implications for pediatric training and workforce needs and more broadly for public health policies and resources to meet the complex medical and educational needs of the rising number of children with disabilities and their families. Similar trends have been reported from other countries3,4 and are likely a consequence of improvements in child survival, especially improvements that extend to children at high risk of disability due to risk factors such as preterm … Address correspondence to Maureen S. Durkin, PhD, DrPH, Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 707C WARF, 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726. E-mail: maureen.durkin{at}wisc.edu
Comparison between ROI-based and volumetric measurements in quantifying heterogeneity of liver stiffness using MR elastography.

This study was conducted to quantify the heterogeneity of liver stiffness (LS) on MR elastography (MRE) by comparing ROI-based and volumetric measurements. LS was measured by ROI-based and volumetric segmentation of the liver parenchyma. Mean LS (MLS) was calculated and used to assign stages of fibrosis. Volumetric measurements of stiffness maps were used to determine the percentage of liver volume above/below MLS and presence of LS heterogeneity. Heterogeneous stiffness was defined when the first and second most predominant stages were more than one category apart. MLS values by each method were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We included 128 patients with suspected liver fibrosis (mean age 54.4 ± 14.8 years). MLS was 2.7 ± 1.0 kPa for ROI measurements and 2.6 ± 0.9 kPa for the volumetric method (p = 0.001). Of 59 patients with normal stage (F0), 31 patients (52.5%) had > 20% of liver volume with abnormal LS (F1–F4). Heterogeneous LS was reported in 18 patients (14%). MLS measurement may not represent the entire spectrum of hepatic fibrosis. Volumetric segmentation may potentially improve the detection of heterogeneous fibrosis and the accuracy of LS measurement. • Heterogeneity of hepatic fibrosis may occur in patients with chronic liver disease. • MR elastography is used to assess hepatic fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness. • Measuring liver stiffness by the ROI method and reporting a mean value may fail to detect heterogeneity of hepatic fibrosis. Volumetric assessment of liver stiffness by MR elastography may detect heterogeneity of parenchymal involvement.
Prioritizing LTSS Quality: Exploring the Views of Older Adults, Families, and Professionals.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 349 older adults, family members, and long-term services and supports (LTSS) professionals in Minnesota to assess their views on priorities for resid...
Ensuring Educational Escape-Room Success: The Process of Designing, Piloting, Evaluating, Redesigning, and Re-Evaluating Educational Escape Rooms:

Background.The implementation of educational escape rooms has shown great value in learner outcomes. The design of such simulations requires a thoughtful, well-defined process.Objective.The purpose...
An emerging AI mainstream: deepening our comparisons of AI frameworks through rhetorical analysis

Comparing frameworks for AI development allows us to see trends and reflect on how we are conceptualizing, interacting with, and imagining futures for AI. Recent scholarship comparing a range of AI frameworks has often focused methodologically on consensus, which has led to problems in evaluating potentially ambiguous values. We contribute to this scholarship using a rhetorical perspective attuned to how frameworks shape people’s actions. This perspective allows us to develop the concept of an “AI mainstream” through an analysis of five of the highest-profile frameworks, including Asimov’s Three Laws. We identify four features of this emerging AI mainstream shared by most/all of the frameworks: human-centered design focus, abstraction-oriented ethical reasoning, privileged authorship, and ahistorical regulatory justifications. Notably, each of these features permeates each framework, rather than being limited to a single principle. We then evaluate these shared features and offer scholarly alternatives to complement and improve them.
Outpatient Physical Therapy Use Following Tibial Fractures: A Retrospective Commercial Claims Analysis.

Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize outpatient physical therapy (OPT) use following tibial fractures and examine the variability of OPT attendance, time of initiation, number of visits, and length of care by patient, injury, and treatment factors. In the absence of clinical guidelines, results will guide future efforts to optimize OPT following tibial fractures. Methods This study used 2016 to 2017 claims from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims Research Database. The cohort included 9079 patients with International Classification of Diseases: Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes for tibial fractures. Use in the year following initial fracture management was determined using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Differences in use were examined using χ2 tests, t tests, and Kruskal-Wallace tests. Results Sixty-seven percent of patients received OPT the year following fracture. OPT attendance was higher in female patients, in patients with 1 or no major comorbidity, and in the western United States. Attendance was higher in patients with upper tibial fractures, moderate-severity injuries, and treatment with external fixation and in patients discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Patients started OPT on average [SD] 50 [52.6] days after fracture and attended 18 [16.1] visits over the course of 101 [86.4] days. The timing of OPT, the number of visits attended, and the length of OPT care varied by patient, injury, and treatment-level factors. Conclusions One-third of insured patients do not receive OPT following tibial fracture. The timing of OPT initiation, the length of OPT care, and the number of visits attended by patients with tibial fractures were highly variable. Further research is needed to standardize referral and prescription practices for OPT following tibial fractures. Impact OPT use varies based on patient, injury, and treatment-level factors following tibial fractures. Results from this study can be used to inform future efforts to optimize rehabilitation care for patients with tibial fractures.
Heterarchical political ecology: Commoner and elite (meta)physical access to water at the ancient Maya city of Aventura, Belize

Abstract Humans engage both material and immaterial qualities of the environment to achieve political ends. Water is necessary for biophysical existence, but also holds symbolic and ideological power. Physically controlling access to water sources and communing with deities to control rainfall are both ways ancient Maya rulers exerted power over commoner populations. In some Classic Period (250–900 CE) city-centers governed by divine rulership, hierarchical control of water during episodes of drought led commoners to “vote with their feet” and abandon these cities. While many larger cities in the Maya area were undergoing vast sociopolitical reorganization and large-scale depopulation towards the end of the Classic Period, the medium-sized city of Aventura was thriving. In contrast to the hierarchical control of water seen at these other cities, in this article I demonstrate that commoners and elite alike at Aventura were able to access important water resources, and the city flourished. I argue that heterarchy is an appropriate model for the political ecology of Aventura because although there was inequality, people of all socioeconomic statuses had access to water, even in times of scarcity. Access to water resources cut across hierarchical lines, contributing to Aventura’s success at the end of the Classic Period.
Controlling the Crowd: Balancing Patient Care and Education in Pediatric Palliative Care

Background: It has been demonstrated in the literature that in medical school and pediatric residency training programs, exposure to end of life management and palliative conversations are limited. As a result, many learners finish their training feeling underprepared for patient encounters that may require primary palliative care skills. As such, elective experiences in pediatric palliative care can be a valuable experience. …
Undifferentiated Pancreatic Carcinoma With Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells and Associated Ductal Adenocarcinoma With Focal Signet-Ring Features.

Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UPC-OGC) is a unique and rare tumor characterized by the presence of highly atypical carcinoma cells and non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells. The histogenesis of this tumor is unclear and data on its prognosis remain controversial. Some data show poor clinical outcomes in affected patients while other more recent studies report a better outcome especially for cases with pure UPC-OGC. There are currently no established reliable management guidelines for UPC-OGC partly because of its rarity and presence of conflicting data in the literature. Hence the need for continued reporting and further research on this neoplasm. We report an incidental finding of UPC-OGC with associated ductal adenocarcinoma and focal signet ring features in an elderly male patient who presented with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Description of Larvae of Anastrepha amplidentata and Anastrepha durantae with Review of Larval Morphology of the Fraterculus Group (Diptera: Tephritidae)

We describe and illustrate for the first time the third instars of Anastrepha amplidentata Norrbom and Anastrepha durantae Norrbom from Peru. Morphological structures such as the facial mask, cephaloskeleton, and spiracles are described using optical and scanning electron microscopy. A summary of comparative measurements of larvae of the eleven previously described species within the fraterculus group is provided. We discuss morphological characters that can be used to distinguish species within the fraterculus group, such as oral ridges, accessory plates, mouthhook, prothoracic spiracles, dorsal spinules, posterior spiracles, and anal lobes.
Surgical Explantation of Transcatheter Aortic Bioprostheses: Balloon vs Self-Expandable Devices.

Abstract Background Despite the rapid adoption of transcatheter aortic replacement (TAVR), surgical TAVR valve explantation (TAVR-explant) and the clinical impact of explanted TAVR device type are not well described. Methods TAVR-explant from 2016 to 2019 was queried using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) National Database. A total of 483 patients with documented explanted valve type, consisting of 330 (68%) patients with balloon-expandable and 153 (32%) patients with self-expandable devices, were identified. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. The secondary outcome was the need for any simultaneous procedures with TAVR-explant. Results The mean age was 72.8 years, 38% of the patients were female, and 51% demonstrated New York Heart Association functional class III to IV symptoms. During TAVR-explant, 63% of patients required other simultaneous procedures, including aortic repair (27%), mitral procedures (22%), coronary artery bypass grafting (15%), and tricuspid procedures (7%). Patients with a self-expandable device underwent more frequent ascending aortic replacement (22% vs 9%; P Conclusions The TAVR-explant outcomes were comparable between patients with balloon-expandable devices and patients with self-expandable devices, whereas ascending aortic replacement was observed more frequently in patients with self-expandable devices. Younger patients undergoing TAVR should be informed of the future TAVR-explant risk that may accompany a higher O/E ratio and frequent morbid concurrent procedures.
Hippocampal and Insular Response to Smoking-Related Environments: Neuroimaging Evidence for Drug-Context Effects in Nicotine Dependence

Environments associated with prior drug use provoke craving and drug taking, and set the stage for lapse/relapse. Although the neurobehavioral bases of environment-induced drug taking have been investigated with animal models, the influence of drug-environments on brain function and behavior in clinical populations of substance users is largely unexplored. Adult smokers (n=40) photographed locations personally associated with smoking (personal smoking environments; PSEs) or personal nonsmoking environment (PNEs). Following 24-h abstinence, participants underwent fMRI scanning while viewing PSEs, PNEs, standard smoking and nonsmoking environments, as well as proximal smoking (eg, lit cigarette) and nonsmoking (eg, pencil) cues. Finally, in two separate sessions following 6-h abstinence they viewed either PSEs or PNEs while cue-induced self-reported craving and smoking behavior were assessed. Viewing PSEs increased blood oxygen level-dependent signal in right posterior hippocampus (pHPC; F(2,685)=3.74, p<0.024) and bilateral insula (left: F(2,685)=6.87, p=0.0011; right: F(2,685)=5.34, p=0.005). In the laboratory, viewing PSEs, compared with PNEs, was associated with higher craving levels (F(2,180)=18.32, p<0.0001) and greater ad lib smoking (F(1,36)=5.01, p=0.032). The effect of PSEs (minus PNEs) on brain activation in right insula was positively correlated with the effect of PSEs (minus PNEs) on number of puffs taken from a cigarette (r=0.6, p=0.001). Our data, for the first time in humans, elucidates the neural mechanisms that mediate the effects of real-world drug-associated environments on drug taking behavior under conditions of drug abstinence. These findings establish targets for the development and evaluation of treatments seeking to reduce environment provoked relapse.
Some Applications of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods in Solid Mechanics

We provide a brief overview of our recent work on applications of discontinuous Galerkin methods in solid mechanics. The discussion is light in technical details, and rather emphasizes key ideas, advantages and disadvantages of the approach, illustrating these with several numerical examples.
Gender Representation in Television Commercials: Updating an Update

We replicated the studies of O'Donnell and O'Donnell (1978) and Lovdal (1989) to analyze trends in gender representation in television commercials. A total of 757 commercials in Spring 1998 were recorded and analyzed for type of product, gender of the product representative, and gender of the voice-over. Similar to previous studies, findings indicated that men were underrepresented in commercials of domestic products, and women were underrepresented in commercials of nondomestic products. In fact, this form of gender bias was higher compared to Lovdal's data. Findings also revealed a decrease in the percentage of male voice-overs from about 90% to 71%.
Industrial strategy and technological change: theory versus reality

Abstract What are the determinants of appropriate industrial strategy under different circumstances? There is no universally accepted answer. This paper deals with two new elements in the contemporary debate, which centers around the efficacy of the neoclassically-prescribed neutral policy regime. One element is research demonstrating that market forces alone are not responsible for the purported ‘market successes’ of the East Asian NICs. With Korea as the case in point, this research is reviewed to draw some lessons about successful industrial strategy. The other element is an evolving conceptualization that puts technological change at the heart of industrialization. The underlying firm-level case-study research is surveyed and implications are derived regarding the nature as well as the extent of market failures affecting industrialization. It is argued throughout that industrial strategy should be seen as a matter of managing technological change to achieve dynamically efficient industrialization.
Computation of a simple bifurcation point using one singular value decomposition nearby

Using an extended system to locate a simple bifurcation point via an iterative method usually requires a good choice of an initial point as well as several auxiliary vectors. The method we propose here requires a good choice of an initial point only. Our method is based upon an analysis of singular vectors of a singular value decomposition of a Jacobian matrix near the simple bifurcation point, which leads to the automatic determination of a certain type of auxiliary vectors in terms of the initial point. Numerical implementation via a Newton-like method is discussed and examples are provided.
Modeling Wekiva Springshed, Florida with WASH123D

Springs have historically played an important role in Florida's history, and the Wekiva River is a spring-fed system associated with many, possibly 19, springs connected to the Floridian aquifer. Maintaining groundwater recharge to the aquifer is a key factor of the viability of the regional water supply as well as the Wekiva ecosystem. A first principle, physics-based watershed model WASH123D has been applied to conduct the study of Wekiva “springshed”, which is the recharge area of the spring. We first briefly introduce the basic hydrogeologic characteristics of the study area. The mathematical concepts of WASH123D are presented in succession. The development of the numerical model is detailed, followed by the discussion of hydrologic data input. The Wekiva WASH123D model was run to evaluate the average steady-state 1995 hydrological conditions. The distribution of simulated Floridian aquifer system groundwater levels using WASH123D shows very good agreement with the field observations at corresponding locations. Also identified are the areas of recharge to and discharge from the Floridian aquifer system as well as decreases of the spring discharge due to urbanization.
Pre-bisection of a single skin biopsy does not produce technically inadequate specimens for direct immunofluorescence: a review of 3450 specimens.

Background Evaluation of a potential immunobullous disorder typically requires two pieces of tissue obtained by skin biopsy: one placed in formalin for conventional microscopy and a second placed in a different transport medium suitable for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) testing. Clinical practice in this area is not standardized, with dermatologists either obtaining two biopsies or dividing (pre-bisecting) a single biopsy. Some DIF specimens are technically inadequate for interpretation of subepidermal imunobullous disorders because the basement membrane zone is not intact, but it is unknown whether pre-bisecting the tissue increases the risk of compromising the specimen. Objective To investigate whether technically inadequate DIF specimens are associated with pre-bisection. Methods DIF specimens were consecutively sampled from a single referral center and identified as whole (non-bisected) biopsy specimens or pre-bisected biopsy specimens. The proportion of inadequate specimens was calculated for both groups. Results A total of 3450 specimens were included. The percentage of inadequate specimens was 5.072% (153/3016) for whole (non-bisected) specimens and 5.299% for pre-bisected specimens. This difference was not significant (chi square, p = 0.84). The study was sufficiently powered to detect a relative risk of 1.685. Conclusions Pre-bisection of a single skin biopsy does not significantly increase the risk of a technically inadequate specimen for direct immunofluorescence testing.
Discovering Services: Towards High-Precision Service Retrieval

The ability to rapidly locate useful on-line services (e.g. software applications, software components), as opposed to simply useful documents, is becoming increasingly critical in many domains. Current service retrieval technology is, however, notoriously prone to low precision. This paper describes a novel service retrieval approached based on the sophisticated use of process ontologies. Our preliminary evaluations suggest that this approach offers qualitatively higher retrieval precision than existing (keyword and table-based) approaches without sacrificing recall and computational tractability/scalability.
Piezoelectric polyimide tactile sensors

An important application of piezoelectric materials is for tactile sensing. For non-planar applications, polymer materials offer the potential to provide flexible tactile sensors conforming to a variety of surface geometries. We have demonstrated a fabrication process for fabricating MEMS tactile sensor structures using a novel high-temperature piezoelectric polyimide as the sensing material. The process consists of conventional lithography and metallization processes and uses a sacrificial layer of photoresist. Electrodes are fabricated on the upper and lower surfaces of the suspended bridge and cantilever structures and a self-test electrode is fabricated underlying each suspended component for testing. Prototype structures have been fabricated on silicon substrates for the purposes of process demonstration and characterization.
Dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity in Drosophila melanogaster

A dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) demethylase with levels of activity comparable to that in uninduced rat liver was demonstrated in both larval and adult forms of the Hikone-R strain of Drosophila. A microsomal enzyme, it has many properties of a cytochrome P-450-containing mixed-function oxidase. Kinetic analysis indicates only a single enzyme with an apparent K/sub m/ of 10.5 mM DMN.