cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) phospho-serine-118 is highly expressed in human uterine leiomyomas compared to matched myometrium

It is thought that the growth of uterine leiomyomas may be mediated by the interaction of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and growth factor pathways and that phosphorylation of ERα at serine 118 (ERα-phospho-Ser118) is important in this interaction. In this study, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of ERα-phospho-Ser118, phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (phospho-p44/42 MAPK), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human leiomyoma and myometrial tissues during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. We found that tumors taken from the proliferative phase expressed significantly higher levels of ERα-phospho-Ser118, phospho-p44/42 MAPK, and PCNA compared to patient-matched myometria and had significantly higher ERα-phospho-Ser118 and PCNA expression compared to secretory phase tumors. Also, enhanced colocalization and association of phospho-p44/42 MAPK and ERα-phospho-Ser118 were observed in proliferative phase tumors by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation, respectively. These data suggest that ERα-phospho-Ser118 may be important in leiomyoma growth and is possibly phosphorylated by phospho-p44/42 MAPK.
Acute toxicity of drugs in newborn animals

The acute toxicities of 30 compounds were compared in 1- to 3-day-old and adult(150 gram) rats. The effect of maturation on acute toxicity was generally consistent within a pharmacologic class of compounds. Only 16 of the 30 compounds were particularly more toxic to the newborn rat. The central nervous system depressants were more toxic in the immature rat whereas the central nervous system stimulants were less toxic in the newborn as compared with adult rats.
Theorems of Barth-Lefschetz Type for Complex Subspaces of Homogeneous Complex Manifolds

Barth, Larsen, and others showed that complex submanifolds of complex projective space, CP(N), of small codimension strongly resemble CP(N) both homotopically and cohomologically. These results are generalized to yield analogous results for complex subspaces of arbitrary homogeneous complex manifolds. One very special corollary that gives the flavor of the results is:Corollary. Let A and B be complex submanifolds with B a connected submanifold of X, a simple Abelian variety, i.e., X has no proper sub-Abelian varieties. Then: [Formula: see text], where basepoints are suppressed for simplicity, and [Formula: see text]. Further, given any coherent sheaf on B, which may be assumed to be a connected local complete intersection, then: [Formula: see text] and given a coherent sheaf on X, then: [Formula: see text].
Growth curve analyses are best suited to examine the relation between developmental pathways and selective breeding: comment on Hofer, Shair, Masmela, & Brunelli, "Developmental effects of selective breeding for an infantile trait: the rat pup ultrasonic isolation call".

Hofer, Brunelli, Shair, & Masmela (2001) provide valuable information about the effects of selective breeding on rat-pup behaviors and physiology. Although the design and statistical analytic techniques employed are typical of those used to evaluate behavioral development in animals, I offer several suggestions about how to evaluate the influence of selective breeding on developmental pathways using modern statistical techniques. As Hofer et al. demonstrate, the development of rat behavior and physiology can be an excellent model for examining the relation between selection and development. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 247–250, 2001
Influence of the adrenergic system in renovascular hypertension.

A marked fall in blood pressure occurs during desynchronized sleep in cats, particularly when the buffering action of the chemoreceptors is removed. This fall appears to be due to inhibition of sympathetic activity present during wakefulness. Advantage was taken of these prior observations to assess the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of experimental renovascular hypertension. Profound falls of blood pressure were observed during desynchronized sleep in hypertensive animals particularly after sino-aortic deafferentation. That the sympathetic nervous system was involved in the maintenance of the hypertension was indicated by the fact that the hypotensive response during desynchronized sleep was almost completely abolished after surgical sympathectomy. However, sympathectomy did not prevent the development of a chronic renovascular hypertension. The latter result was interpreted to mean that in the absence of the sympathetic system other mechanisms will respond to the hypertensive stimulus provided by the renal arterial stenosis. An enhanced response to exogenously administered noradrenaline also was observed after renal artery stenosis in sympathectomized but not in nonsympathectomized cats. The enhanced response to catecholamines may have contributed to the hypertension seen in the sympathectomized animals.
Microsurgical Treatment of Previously Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms: Systematic Review of the Literature

Objective To assess indications, complications, clinical outcomes, and technical nuances of microsurgical treatment of previously coiled intracranial aneurysms. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from January 1990 to December 2013. English-language articles reporting on microsurgical treatment of previously coiled intracranial aneurysms were included. Articles that involved embolization materials other than coils were excluded. Data on aneurysm characteristics, indications for surgery, techniques, complications, angiographic obliteration rates, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results The literature review identified 29 articles reporting on microsurgical clipping of 375 previously coiled aneurysms. Of the aneurysms, 68% were small ( Conclusions Microsurgical clipping of previously coiled aneurysms can result in high obliteration rates with relatively low morbidity and mortality in select cases. Considerations for microsurgical strategies include the presence of sufficient aneurysmal tissue for clip placement and the potential need for temporary occlusion or flow arrest. Coil extraction is not needed in most cases.
CYCLOHEXA- AND CYCLOHEPTADIENYL COMPLEXES OF THE GROUP 6 METALS

The syntheses of a range of cyclohexadienyl- and cycloheptadienylchromium complexes are presented. Addition of nucleophiles to [(η-C6H6)Cr(CO)3] and [(η6-C7H8)Cr(CO)3] followed by treatment with N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide (Diazald) gave [(η5-C6H6R)Cr(CO)2(NO)] (3a, R = H; 3b, R = C(Me)S(CH2)3S; 3c, R = CHPh2) and [(η5-C7H8R)Cr(CO)2(NO)] (9b, R = C(Me)S(CH2)3S; 9c, R = CHPh2), respectively. Reaction of 3b with phenyllithium followed by treatment with electrophiles [R‘3O]+ (R‘ = Me, Et) gave the carbene complexes [(η5-C6H6R)(CO)(NO)CrC(OR‘)Ph] (5a,b). Abstraction of hydride from 3a and 9a (R = H) gave the highly sensitive cations [(η-C6H6)Cr(CO)2(NO)]+ (6) and [(η6-C7H8)Cr(CO)2(NO)]+ (11), respectively. The preparation of the triarylstannyl complexes [(η5-C7H8R)M(CO)3(SnPh3)] (10a, M = Cr, R = C(Me)S(CH2)3S; 10b, M = Cr, R = CHPh2; 10c, M = W, R = H) is presented. The X-ray crystal structure of [(η5-C7H9)W(CO)3(SnPh3)]·0.5CH2Cl2 (10c) is reported and shows two different rotamers of 10c as well ...
A new Rac-ket in red cells

Comment on Kalfa et al, page [3637][1] A paper by Kalfa and colleagues in this issue of Blood shows that Rac GTPases regulate actin assembly in mouse red cells, overturning previous assumptions that actin filaments are stable structural elements in the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton. It has
Graft copolymers from thiolated starch and vinyl monomers

Thiol starches of degree of substitution (D.S.) 0.005–0.162 were prepared by displacing starch tosyloxy groups with xanthate and treating the resulting xanthate esters with either sodium hydroxide or sodium borohydride. Acrylonitrile, styrene, acrylamide, acrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate were grafted onto the thiol starches with hydrogen peroxide as initiator. The peroxide caused both grafting of monomer and coupling of thiol groups to disulfide. Treating graft copolymers with sodium borohydride regenerated thiol groups from disulfide groups so that the grafting sequence could be repeated. By regenerating the thiol groups and repeating the grafting steps, high add-on and high-frequency starch graft copolymers were prepared. During four grafting sequences, acrylonitrile reacted with D.S. 0.162 thiol starch to give graft copolymers that contained increasing amounts of polyacrylonitrile (46.0–66.5%). Grafting frequency increased from 183 to 71 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft, while molecular weights of the grafted chains ranged between 20,000 and 25,200. The final product was hydrolyzed with potassium hydroxide solution to a copolymer, which absorbed up to 400 ml water per gram. Styrene was grafted onto thiol starch to give products containing 34.4–69.5% polystyrene with 986–3520 AGU/graft and having molecular weights of grafted chains between 276,000 and 364,000. Graft copolymers containing 48.9% polyacrylamide, 21.2% poly(acrylic acid), and 77.7% poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyldimethylammonium acetate) were obtained under similar conditions.
An Undergraduate Survey Course on Asynchronous Sequential Logic, Ladder Logic, and Fuzzy Logic

For a basic foundation in computer engineering, universities traditionally teach synchronous sequential circuit design, using discrete gates or field programmable gate arrays, and a microcomputers course that includes basic I/O processing. These courses, though critical, expose students to only a small subset of tools. At co-op schools like Kettering University, Flint, MI, students could strongly benefit from a more diverse set of topics and tool experience in their curriculum. This paper presents an undergraduate course that includes introductions to sequential circuit design using asynchronous logic, ladder logic and its general implementation on programmable logic controllers, and fuzzy logic targeted at both PC and embedded processor applications. The paper discusses the structure of the course, the objectives and material, the laboratory platforms, and the evaluations of the first course offerings that show the course's success.
Analysis of charge-compensating defects on the GaAs(111)B(2 × 2) surface

Abstract We present an analysis of defects on the GaAs(111)B-(2 × 2) surface, as revealed by STM. Defects are formed at the intersections of the boundaries of domains of As trimers. The brightness varies around these defects in the empty-state image. We present model atomic structures of these defects and analyze how they are charged. We find five kinds of acceptor defects and one kind of donor defect. The charges associated with these defects are suggested to be responsible for the variation in the brightness, i.e., the tunneling probability. It is proposed that these defects result in pinning of the surface Fermi-level at midgap, similar to recently observed kink defects in missing dimer rows on the GaAs(001)-(2 × 4) surface. The total net charge of the surface defects equals the space charge within the depletion region, in agreement with a defect-induced surface Fermi-level pinning mechanism.
SELF-CONSISTENT FULL-POTENTIAL LINEARIZED-AUGMENTED-PLANE-WAVE LOCAL-DENSITY ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE STUDIES OF MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN C15 COMPOUNDS - ZRZN2 AND ZRV2

The electronic structure and properties of the cubic Laves phase (C15) compounds ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ have been determined using our all-electron full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method for bulk solids. The computations were performed in two stages: (i) self-consistent warped muffin tin and (ii) self-consistent full potential. Spin-orbit coupling was included after either stage. The effects of the inclusion of the nonspherical terms inside the muffin tins on the eigenvalues is found to be small (of order 1 mRy). However, due to the fact that some of the bands near the Fermi level are flat, this effect leads to a much higher value of the density of states at E/sub F/ in ZnZr/sub 2/. The most important difference between the materials ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ is the position of the d bands derived from the Zr and V atoms. Consequently, these materials have completely different Fermi surfaces. We have investigated the magnetic properties of these compounds by evaluating their generalized Stoner factors and found agreement with experiment. Our results for the superconducting transition temperature for these materials is found to be strongly dependent on the spin fluctuation parameter ..mu../sub sp/. Of course, because of the magnetic transition, superconductivity cannotmore » be observed in ZnZr/sub 2/.« less
Arterial thromboembolic complications in critically ill children.

Purpose: To evaluate incidence and characteristics of arterial thromboembolic complications in critically ill children. Materials and Methods: Hospital records of all consecutive patients with arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) occurring in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from January 1997 to August 2001 were reviewed. Data collected included demographics and location, treatment modalities and outcome of ATEs. Results: Fifty-four ATEs in 51 children (median age, 14 days) were identified, reflecting an incidence of 1.2% of all PICU patients. Arterial thromboembolic events were located in peripheral arteries in 52 (96%) cases and were associated with indwelling arterial catheters (n = 26) or cardiac catheterization (n = 26). The remaining 2 ATEs were located in the left ventricle and cerebral arteries, respectively. Therapy consisted of heparin (n = 51), thrombolysis (n = 22), oral anticoagulation (n = 12), and aspirin (n = 34). Complete resolution was noted in 33 (70%), partial resolution in 10 (21%), and no resolution in 4 (8.5%) cases. Bleeding complications occurred in 1 patient treated with heparin and in 12 (54%) of the 22 patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions: Arterial thromboembolic events are frequent complications of PICU, particularly affecting neonates, and mostly associated with catheters. Studies to determine safe and effective prophylactic and treatment modalities of ATEs in children are required.
The effect of mitochondrial energization on cytochrome c oxidase kinetics as measured at low temperatures. I. The reaction with carbon monoxide.

Abstract The kinetics of CO binding by the cytochrome c oxidase of pigeon heart mitochondria were studied as a function of membrane energization at temperatures from 180 to 280°K in an ethylene glycol/water medium. Samples energized by ATP showed acceleration of CO binding compared to those untreated or uncoupled by carbonylcyanide p -trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone but only at relatively low temperatures and high CO concentrations. Experiments using samples in a “mixed valency” (partially oxidized) state showed that the acceleration of ligand binding is not due to the formation of a partially oxidized state via reverse electron transport. It is concluded that in the deenergized state one CO molecule can be closely associated with the cytochrome a 3 heme site without actually being bound to the heme iron; in the energized state, two or more ligand molecules can occupy this intermediate position. The change in the apparent ligand capacity of a region near the heme iron in response to energization is evidence for an interaction between cytochrome oxidase and the ATPase system. Furthermore, these results suggest a control mechanism for O 2 binding.
ANTIPLANE SH-DEFORMATIONS NEAR A SURFACE RIGID FOUNDATION ABOVE A SUBSURFACE RIGID CIRCULAR TUNNEL

The problem on the dynamic response of a rigid embedded foundation in the presence of an underground rigid tunnel and subjected to excitation of incident anti-plane SH waves is analyzed. By using the exact analytical solution for the two-dimensional SH-wave propagation in and around both the surface rigid foundation and subsurface rigid tunnel, those aspects of the resulting ground motions that are of special interest and importance for seismic resistant design in earthquake analyses have been examined. The computed amplitudes of the resulting periodic ground motions display a very complicated wave-interference between the surface foundation and underground tunnel that lead to observed standing wave patterns, together with abrupt changes in the wave amplitudes and large amplification of the incident motions.
Japanese Beetles: Feeding Habits on Phylloxera Infested Grape Foliage

Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, can survive on grape leaf tissue between galls of the grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch). However, with galls the only food source, feeding is limited and survival is significantly reduced.
Prevalence of child and adolescent exposure to community violence

Emerging as one of the most significant health issues facing American youth today, child and adolescent exposure to community violence has generated much interest across multiple disciplines. Most research to date has focused on documenting the prevalence of community violence and the emotional and behavioral ramifications. This paper provides an overview of the current literature regarding prevalence of youth exposure to community violence, and identifies those areas where further research is warranted. In addition to examining overall rates of community violence exposure, this paper reviews the prevalence of different types of community violence, such as weapon use, physical aggression, and crime-related events. Predictors of community violence exposure, including gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, behavior patterns, and geography, are discussed.
Mapping an Iron-Meteorite Impact Site with a Magnetometer, and Implications for the Probability of a Catastrophic Impact on Earth

The Wabar meteorite impact site in central Saudi Arabia, first visited by Henry St. John (Abdullah) Philby in 1932, is unique in several ways. It is one of only 17 impact sites on the Earth where part of the original object is still present. The Wabar impact event also took place entirely in sand, permitting a much clearer and simpler reconstruction of the physical processes of a hypervelocity impact. A careful magnetic survey conducted there adds crucial information to this reconstruction: almost none of the >3,500metrictons of the original iron-nickel object remains in or beneath the known impact craters. The magnetic data were difficult to acquire because of the hostile environment, and the processing was non-trivial for what in effect was a magnetic survey of a ferrous junkyard. The event sequence, which took place in just a few seconds, generated a unique binary set of impactite that includes a black glass (90% local sand and 10% meteorite) and a shock-generated, coarsely laminar bleached-white sands...
Ascent Abort Capability for the HL-20.

The HL-20 has been designed with the capability for rescue of the crew during all phases of powered ascent from on the launch pad until orbital injection. A launch-escape system, consisting of solid rocket motors located on the adapter between the HL-20 and the launch vehicle, provides the thrust that propels the HL-20 to a safe distance from a malfunctioning launch vehicle. After these launch-escape motors have burned out, the adapter is jettisoned and the HL-20 executes one of four abort modes. In three abort modes - return-to-launch-site, transatlantic-abort-landing, and abort-to-orbit - not only is the crew rescued, but the HL-20 is recovered intact. In the ocean-landing-by-parachute abort mode, which occurs in between the return-to-launch-site and the transatlantic-abort-landing modes, the crew is rescued, but the HL-20 would likely sustain damage from the ocean landing. This paper describes the launch-escape system and the four abort modes for an ascent on a Titan III launch vehicle.
Sexual demographics of riparian populations of Populus deltoides: Can mortality be predicted from a change in reproductive status?

Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder (cottonwood) forests along the Rio Grande drainage are predicted to disappear within this century. We evaluated stand health over 3 years by examining the sex ratio, size, and spatial distribution of male, female, and nonreproductive trees in six even-aged stands of P. deltoides spanning 280 km along the Rio Grande drainage. There was no evidence of biased sex ratios or spatial segregation of sexes; however, tree mortality was strongly related to reproductive status. In the most stressed population, over half of the mature trees remained nonreproductive and a substantial number switched from reproductive to nonreproductive status. Logistic regression revealed that over all populations, tree size, reproductive status in previous years, and population were significant factors affecting reproduction. By considering physiological and environmental differences, we determined two groups of nonreproductive individuals: those previously reproductive that be...
Deck and Porch Floor Lateral Loading by Occupants

AbstractTwo deck floors, with different lateral stiffnesses, were constructed to measure lateral loads generated by occupants that are needed for design of residential or commercial exterior deck-type floors. Load was measured with two load cells attached at each end of the ledger representing the attachment to the building. The decks were supported on rollers, simulating minimal lateral resistance from columns. Occupants performed two different types of dynamic actions, in two orthogonal directions, at occupancy live load levels of 0.48, 0.96, 1.44, and 1.92 kPa (10, 20, 30, and 40 psf). The first loading cyclic was a side-to-side swaying motion that could result from a deliberate synchronized movement such as dancing. The second was an impulse-type load, which simulated horseplay-type activities. The difference in stiffness between the two decks resulted in a significant change in the human–structure interaction. Significant inertial effects were observed when the flexible deck was loaded parallel to th...
A bifurcation-based procedure for designing and analysing robustly stable non-linear hydraulic servo systems:

AbstractA critical evaluation of current hydraulic servo system analysis methods indicates a need for alternative methods better able to quantify robust stability. One promising method recently developed for analysing large-scale power systems determines stability robustness in a high-dimensional parameter space by computing the distance to the ‘closest’ Hopf bifurcation (which corresponds to the birth of a limit cycle oscillation). In this paper a procedure is developed for applying closest Hopf bifurcation theory in the design and analysis of robustly stable hydraulic servo systems. The procedure addresses practical implementation issues such as the impact of an inhomogeneous parameter space and the choice of a metric that yields a meaningful quantitative measure of stability robustness. Results from the new procedure applied to a common position control system compare favourably with published describing function results and new simulation results. Additionally, the new procedure is easier to apply and...
The two-level FETI method for static and dynamic plate problems Part I: An optimal iterative solver for biharmonic systems

Abstract We present a Lagrange multiplier based substructuring method for solving iteratively large-scale systems of equations arising from the finite element discretization of static and dynamic plate bending problems. The proposed method is essentially an extension of the FETI domain decomposition algorithm to fourth-order problems. The main idea is to enforce exactly the continuity of the transverse displacement field at the substructure corners throughout the preconditioned conjugate projected gradient iterations. This results in a two-level FETI substructuring method where the condition number of the preconditioned interface problem does not grow with the number of substructures, and grows at most polylogarithmically with the number of elements per substructure. These theoretically proven optimal convergence properties of the new FETI method are numerically demonstrated for several finite element plate bending static and transient problems. The two-level iterative solver presented in this paper is applicable to a large family of biharmonic time-independent as well as time-dependent systems. It is also extendible to shell problems.
A comparison of wife abuse between two cultures: perceptions, attitudes, nature, and extent.

The purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between Anglo-American and Mexican-American battered women. This descriptive study compared a group of 25 Anglo-American and 25 Mexican-American women over age 18 who had been physically abused by their husbands at least two times and had resided in shelters for battered women. This study addressed the nature, severity, and frequency of wife abuse; women's perception of what they consider wife abuse; and their attitudes toward wife abuse.Respondents were matched for age and socioeconomic status. Data were collected through personal interviews, using a semistructured interview schedule consisting of three instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparisons between the two groups were done using t test and chi-square procedures. A Type 1 error probability level of less than .05 was used to determine statistical significance.Results showed that there were more similarities than differences in the manifestation of ...
Journal impact factor or intellectual influence? A content analysis of citation use in Communication Monographs and Human Communication Research (2007-2009)

Abstract Journal impact factors typically rely on the number of citations to a journal as well as the number of citable items published in the journal during specific time parameters. If journal impact factors accurately differentiate journals along a quality continuum, journals with higher impact factors should be referenced more often than journals with lower impact factors as sources of influence on scholars’ conceptual and methodological approaches to inquiry. To investigate this claim, a sample consisting of all twelve issues of Human Communication Research (HCR) and Communication Monographs (CM) published from 2007 through 2009 were content analyzed and every citation to either journal in the articles appearing in HCR and CM was coded. Results indicated that, despite higher impact factors for HCR, there were not more citations to HCR than CM as sources of conceptual or methodological influence appearing in articles appearing in HCR or CM.
The fate of residual saphenous vein after partial removal or ligation

Abstract Duplex scanning was used to study residual greater and lesser saphenous vein segments in 14 limbs with previous partial distal greater saphenous vein removal, 19 limbs with partial proximal greater saphenous vein removal, 29 limbs with total greater saphenous vein removal, 10 limbs with high greater saphenous vein ligation, as well as 37 contralateral unoperated and 8 other normal limbs. Partial distal removal showed better preservation of residual greater saphenous vein than partial proximal removal, with greater preservation of "usable" length and greater average diameter. Compared to contralateral unoperated legs, partial distal removal, partial proximal removal, and total removal all showed a similar degree of compensatory lesser saphenous vein enlargement. High ligation showed no lesser saphenous vein enlargement but showed the best greater saphenous vein preservation, none had less than 85% preservation of potential length. Combining residual greater saphenous vein and lesser saphenous vein segments of usable caliber, 100% of high ligation, 93% of partial distal removal, and 74% of partial proximal removal had >60 cm total length, and most total removal had >40 cm usable residual lesser saphenous vein. Previous saphenous vein surgery should not categorically exclude patients as having no usable residual ipsilateral vein for bypass. Partial distal removal allows better preservation of length and caliber of residual greater saphenous vein than proximal harvest, with both showing equivalent lesser saphenous vein enlargement to those with total greater saphenous vein removal. High ligation, performed for early tributary varicosities, in patients with saphenofemoral but no perforator incompetence, gives excellent preservation of residual greater saphenous vein length and caliber. Sclerotherapy to tributary varicosities did not obliterate distal greater saphenous vein segments. (J VASC SURG 1990;12:422-8.)
The relation between peer victimization and adolescents' well-being: the moderating role of ethnicity within context

This study examined the moderating effects of individual ethnicity and school ethnic composition on the relation between peer victimization and adolescents' well-being. Participants were 4,593 sixth grade students attending 36 schools categorized as ethnically diverse or predominantly African American, European American, or Latino American. Multilevel models revealed relations between participants' ethnicity and their reported frequency of overt but not relational victimization. FINDINGS did not support the hypothesis that adolescents in the minority group in their school would be more frequently victimized than adolescents in the majority group. Furthermore, contrary to hypothesis, the relation between the reported frequency of victimization and well-being did not vary as a function of the interaction between adolescents' ethnicity and their schools' ethnic composition. Language: en
Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ of the Breast with Subsequent Distant Metastasis and Death

The rare patient diagnosed with pure ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) develops distant breast cancer metastases (DM). We sought to identify clinical and pathologic predictors of DM. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with DM after a diagnosis of pure DCIS from 1996 to 2009 were analyzed. Twenty five patients with DM after an initial diagnosis of DCIS were identified; 3 were treated at our institution and 22 were originally treated elsewhere. The rate of DM was 0.14% among 2,123 patients originally treated at our institution. Among all patients with DM, 73.7% had DCIS with necrosis, and 62% had DCIS that did not express estrogen receptor. Twenty-four percent of patients with DM were African American, compared to 11.5% of the total study population. The median time from DCIS to DM was 4.5 years. Sixteen patients (66%) had a preceding or simultaneous invasive locoregional recurrence (LRR); nine (34%) did not. At last follow-up, 14 patients (56%) had died of disease; median time to death was 2.4 years. No dominant variables could be identified in patients who developed DM with or without a LRR. DM after a diagnosis of pure DCIS is rare. Although most patients with DM have a preceding invasive LRR, some present with subsequent DM alone. Further study is required to identify clinical and pathologic predictors of this more rapid disease progression.
Late quaternary meteorological and oceanographic developments in the equatorial Pacific.

THE statement by van Andel et al.1, that the history of the late Quaternary climate at low latitudes is a controversial issue, is still valid and equatorial Pacific records show considerable variability of conditions in the atmospheric and oceanic tropospheres2. The relationships of the present equatorial variability with atmospheric pressure shifts associated with the southern oscillation (SO)2 can be considered together with information about the operation of the SO and geological evidence, and have led to an understanding of the meteorological and oceanographic changes which occurred in the equatorial Pacific during the late Quaternary and of their evolution.
Re-evaluation of morphological and chloroplast DNA variation in Juniperus osteosperma Hook and Juniperus occidentalis Torr. Little (Cupressaceae) and their putative hybrids

Relationships between variation in cpDNA and morphology were examined to test the hypothesis of hybridization between Juniperus osteosperma and Juniperus occidentalis. Principal components analysis of 11 taxonomically-important characters distinguished individuals collected from eastern Nevada and Utah from those of southern Oregon. In contrast, many individuals collected from sympatric populations in western Nevada were morphologically intermediate to these two groups. Comparative sequencing of the trnS-trnG intergenic spacer and restriction site analysis of a trnL-trnF PCR product revealed nine haplotypes, and examination of haplotype-morphology associations allowed identification of species-specific genetic markers as well as those that transcend species limits. The confinement of morphological intermediacy and transcendent haplotypes to zones of sympatry, the discovery of haplotypes characteristic of one species in the morphological background of the other, and determination that the character intermediacy encountered is of the type expected under interspecific gene flow are marshaled in support of introgressive hybridization between J. osteosperma and J. occidentalis.
An efficient synthesis of the tamandarin B macrocycle.

Abstract A reliable, high yielding cyclization protocol for the macrocycle of tamandarin B is presented. This strategy will facilitate the synthesis of side chain analogs.
NONEQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS DURING THE LEDGEWISE GROWTH OF A SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE

Directional solidification studies have been carried out in the napthalene-camphor system in which the interface advances through the formation and motion of ledges. Growth conditions have been varied so as to characterize both the planar interface growth and the condition for the instability of the planar interface. It is found that the mechanisms of planar interface instability and the subsequent morphological development of the interface depend significantly on the crystallographic orientation of the interface. Appreciable interface kinetics effects are present during the growth of a planar interface, and experimental studies have been designed to quantitatively evaluate the nonequilibrium conditions at the interface. These nonequilibrium effects for the napthalene-camphor system have been determined experimentally and have been characterized by two response functions that describe the interface temperature and the interface composition in the liquid under nonequilibrium conditions. The interface kinetic law is found to be exponential, indicating that the growth of the interface occurs through the process of nucleation of new layers.
Multiple Regressive Pattern Recognition Technique: An Adapted Approach for Improved Georesource Estimation

Multiple Regressive Pattern Recognition Technique (MRPRT) is an adapted approach for improved geologic resource estimation. We developed and tested this approach for the Platinum (Pt) bearing region near Goodnews Bay, Alaska, which presents an example of a complex depositional environment. We applied geospatial and pattern recognition methods to assess the spatial distribution of offshore Pt in the Goodnews Bay area from point data collected by various agencies. We used the coefficient of correlation (r) and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (E) to quantitatively assess the degree of accuracy of the estimated Pt distribution. We split the study area, based on trend analysis, into two regions: inside the Bay and outside the Bay. We could not obtain appreciable estimates from the geospatial and pattern recognition methods. Using MRPRT, we were able to improve r from 0.57 to 0.93 and the E from 28.31 to 92.91 inside the Bay. We achieved improvement in r from 0.55 to 0.61 and E from 28.46 to 34.52 outside the Bay. The reasons for a non-significant improvement outside the Bay have been discussed. The results indicate that the proposed MRPRT has wide application potential in georesource estimation where input data is often scarce.
Serial Offending and the Criminal Events Perspective

This article argues that the utilization of the criminal events perspective (CEP) can help advance the relatively young literature on serial offending. Much of the literature on serial offending understandably concentrates on the motivations of offenders, but the CEP views crime as an event that involves precursors to the act, the act itself, and the aftermath of the event, all of which occur in a social context. The CEP and the life course history method are used in this qualitative case study of a serial offender currently incarcerated in the southeastern United States. Data for this study come from a variety of sources, including semi-standardized interview data and data from police reports and interrogations. Theoretical and methodological implications of this study for future research on serial offending are discussed.
Molecular modeling of steroidal estrogens : novel conformations and their role in biological activity

Abstract Since the structure and conformation of many estrogenic ligands cannot be described with X-ray crystallographic studies, molecular modeling techniques must be used to generate their 3-dimensional structures. The potential of three molecular modeling methods to simulate the X-ray crystallographic geometry of estradiol-17β and various analogs (estratrien-1,17β-diol, estratrien-2,17β-diol, estratrien-3,11α,17β-triol, estratrien-3,17β,17β-triol, 9β-estratrien-3,17β-diol-11-one) have been compared. MMP2 molecular mechanics as well as the MOPAC semi-empirical molecular orbital methods, AM1 and PM3, were examined in these studies of estrogens with unique ring distortions. Whereas all three methods were able to simulate reasonable estrogen structures, the MMP2 method was found to reproduce the X-ray geometry of estrogens better than the MOPAC methods. The contribution of crystal packing distortions on the X-ray structures in these comparisons is discussed. Additionally, a molecular modeling dynamics method for the systematic conformational searching of steroidal estrogens is presented. For each estrogen examined, conformational searching produced at least one unique steroid conformation in addition to the X-ray crystallographic geometry. The MMP2 potential energy of predicted conformations and transition barriers of these estrogens has been shown to be less than the free energy of receptor binding. Thus, it is conceivable that estrogen ligands which can exist in a number of conformations may be converted to a preferred geometry by binding within the specific site of receptor. Furthermore, it is suggested that conformational flexibility of estrogens may be an important property of specific ligands for the estrogen receptor.
A Resonance Process in the Disintegration of Boron by Protons

An experimental investigation of the efficiency of production of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles from boron as a function of the energy of the bombarding protons is reported. Of the two established processes, $_{5}\mathrm{B}^{11}+_{1}\mathrm{H}^{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3_{2}\mathrm{He}^{4}+{Q}_{1}$ and $_{5}\mathrm{B}^{11}+_{1}\mathrm{H}^{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}_{4}\mathrm{Be}^{8}+_{2}\mathrm{He}^{4}+{Q}_{2},$ the second exhibits peculiarities in its efficiency curve whereas the first increases exponentially with proton energy. This irregularity is interpreted as the occurrence of a resonance process in the second disintegration, the resonance peak occurring at 180 kv. A discussion of the possible theoretical interpretations of the process is given. Absolute yields for a thick boron target at various proton energies are given.
SU-E-T-403: Measurement of the Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent From the TrueBeam Linac Head and Varian 2100 Clinac

Purpose: High-energy x-ray therapy produces an undesirable source of stray neutron dose to healthy tissues, and thus, poses a risk for second cancer induction years after the primary treatment. Hence, the purpose of this study was to measure the neutron ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), produced from the TrueBeam and Varian 2100 linac heads, respectively. Of particular note is that there is no measured data available in the literature on H*(10) production from the TrueBeam treatment head. Methods: Both linacs were operated in flattening filter mode using a 15 MV x-ray beam on TrueBeam and an 18 MV x-ray beam for the Varian 2100 Clinac with the jaws and multileaf collimators in the fully closed position. A dose delivery rate of 600 MU/min was delivered on the TrueBeam and the Varian 2100 Clinac, respectively and the H*(10) rate was measured in triplicate using the WENDI-2 detector located at multiple positions including isocenter and longitudinal (gun-target) to the isocenter. Results: For each measurement, the H*(10) rate was relatively constant with increasing distance away from the isocenter with standard deviations on the order of a tenth of a mSv/h or less for the given beam energy. In general, fluctuations in the longitudinal H*(10) rate between the anterior-posterior couch directions were approximately a percent for both beam energies. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest an H*(10) rate of about 30 mSv/h (40 mSv/h) or less for TrueBeam (Varian Clinac 2100) for all measurements considered in this study indicating a relatively low contribution of produced secondary neutrons to the primary therapeutic beam.
Effect of dietary lead on reproductive performance in japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica

Abstract Japanese quail received dietary lead at levels ranging from 1 to 1000 μg/g of feed from hatching through 12 weeks of age. Levels of lead which did not cause depressed growth rates, anemia, or any other overt signs of chronic plumbism caused a decrease in reproductive capacity in the females. This decrease in reproductive capacity appeared to be related to impaired calcium metabolism.
Prediction of vibrational constants for gas-phase heteronuclear diatomics and atoms adsorbed on surfaces

Abstract An empirical relationship is presented for predicting vibrational constants for gas-phase heteronuclear diatomic molecules and atoms adsorbed on surfaces. Excellent agreement with experimental values is obtained. The method is used for predicting the unknown vibrational constants of AgS and CTe.
WHY DO EMPLOYEES RESIST TEAMS? EXAMINING THE "RESISTANCE BARRIER" TO WORK TEAM EFFECTIVENESS

Conflict and resistance on the part of employees assigned to teams have accompanied the recent increase in the use of work teams in organizations. Previous empirical research identified several sources of employee resistance including violations of fairness, increased work‐load concerns, uncertain manager support, unclear role definitions, and lack of team member social support. From a literature review, we identified additional sources of employee resistance including trust, cultural values, and low tolerance for change. Empirically, we conducted a content analysis of 1,060 open‐ended comments of employees in two Fortune 50 organizations who were newly assigned to self‐managing work teams (SMWTs). The results suggest that employees' concerns did reflect issues of trust and low tolerance for change, but not cultural values. We discuss the implications of our findings for conflict management scholars as well as managers who are charged with handling increased conflict due to employee resistance to teams.
A reduced multipipeline machine description that preserves scheduling constraints

High performance compilers increasingly rely on accurate modeling of the machine resources to efficiently exploit the instruction level parallelism of an application. In this paper, we propose a reduced machine description that results in faster detection of resource contentions while preserving the scheduling constraints present in the original machine description. The proposed approach reduces a machine description in an automated, error-free, and efficient fashion, Moreover, it fully supports schedulers that backtrack and process operations in arbitrary order. Reduced descriptions for the DEC Alpha 21064, MIPS R3000/R3010, and Cydra 5 result in 4 to 7 times faster detection of resource contentions and require 22 to 90% of the memory storage used by the original machine descriptions. Precise measurement for the Cydra 5 indicates that reducing the machine description results in a 2.9 times faster contention query module.
Reach out and touch someone: controlling haptic manipulators near and far

Abstract Robotic devices now commonly interact physically with humans. Control issues surrounding this fact are discussed and several approaches are considered. Examined in detail is the use of energetically passive designs, especially of the dissipative variety. Three different control algorithms are introduced and compared in their ability to guide a human user along a desired path in a rapid fashion. Physical measurements are correlated with user opinion. Other human–computer issues that are introduced in this paper are time delay for force reflective manipulation haptics for equipment operation and a robotic surface with many degrees of freedom.
Geometrical representation of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter.

A simple formula from which a geometrical picture of neutrino oscillations with two flavors may be constructed is derived from the equation of motion for the neutrinos. Applications of the picture to the nonadiabatic as well as adiabatic Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effects in the solar-neutrino problem are given. A generalization of the picture to the three-generation case is also briefly discussed.
Indonesian economic development: political economy of an effective state

Over the last four decades, the Indonesian state has effectively combined rapid economic growth with significant reductions in poverty, i.e. pro-poor growth. This paper argues that the effective reduction of poverty resulted from rapid agricultural growth. This in turn was the result of a strategy of development involving significant agricultural investment. It will be argued that the ruling elite chose this path because it was dependent on agriculture for its political survival and a backlog of agricultural technology was readily available. Without the latter, Indonesia would likely have followed an extractive strategy with respect to agriculture (similar to Africa).
Interplay between bromine and iodine in oxidative dehydrogenation

Oxidative dehydrogenation is a promising way to produce olefins, diolefins and aromatics. However, the product yield is limited by the consecutive oxidation of the product to oxygenated products. The highest yield reported for propane oxidative dehydrogenation is only about 30%. Alternatively, halogens can be used as oxidants in oxidative dehydrogenations. Although the iodine process is highly selective, it requires very high reaction temperatures (≈900K) to give a good yield of C3H6+C3H7I, and iodine is too expensive for industrial deployment. Bromine is a more reactive oxidant but less selective towards C3H6 and C3H7Br. We show that the use of bromine-iodine mixtures with low iodine content (no greater than 20%) results in up to 80% of C3H6+C3H7X single-pass yield at moderate reaction temperatures (<800K). The results are promising for developing a low temperature on-purpose propylene technology. Furthermore, the underlying chemistry might be extended to the synthesis of many other commercially desirable unsaturated hydrocarbons. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
Contamination of biological samples by ingested sediment

Abstract An inorganic residue, presumed to be ingested sediment, was found in the rocky intertidal gastropods Tegula funebralis and Acmaea scabra and the estuarcopepods Acartia tonsa and A. clausi . When expressed as a percentage of the sample weight, this residue fraction often correlated significantly with the elemental concentrations measured in the organisms.