cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Clothing and Dyad Sex Composition on Perceptions of Sexual Intent: Do Women and Men Evaluate These Cues Differently

The effects of clothing revealingness and dyad-sex composition on perceptions of male- and female-stimulus persons'sexuality were examined. Based on Abbey's (1982) findings, we hypothesized that men would attribute more sexuality to both male and female targets than women would. Furthermore, we predicted that the difference between men's and women's sexuality ratings would be most divergent when a malefemale dyad was presented and when the female stimulus person wore revealing clothing. A laboratory study was conducted in which subjects viewed a photograph of two students in a classroom. As predicted, male subjects rated female targets as more sexy and seductive than did female subjects. Also as predicted, female targets who wore revealing clothing were rated as more sexy and seductive than those wearing nonrevealing clothing. Female targets were rated higher on sexual traits regardless of the gender of their partner. Men did not consistently perceive male stimulus persons more sexually than women did. Finally, both female and male targets were perceived as more kind and warm when they wore nonrevealing clothing. The implications of these findings for person perception and date rape research are described. Abbey (1982) found that, as compared to women, men rated both female and male stimulus persons as more seductive and promiscuous. Men also expressed more sexual attraction to opposite-sex targets than women did. Based on these findings, Abbey argued that men are inclined to perceive friendliness as a sign of seduction, perhaps because of a general socialized expectancy that leads them to interpret ambiguous stimuli as evidence of sexual intent. Even a cursory examination of our mass media's presentations of women and men demonstrates how men are taught to be concerned with women's physical attractiveness and sexual availability. Similarly, Gross (1978) theorized that sex role socialization causes men to value sex more than women do. If women and men can observe the same opposite-sex dyad yet interpret the
An investigation of the effect of module size on defect prediction using static measures

We used several machine learning algorithms to predict the defective modules in five NASA products, namely, CM1, JM1, KC1, KC2, and PC1. A set of static measures were employed as predictor variables. While doing so, we observed that a large portion of the modules were small, as measured by lines of code (LOC). When we experimented on the data subsets created by partitioning according to module size, we obtained higher prediction performance for the subsets that include larger modules. We also performed defect prediction using class-level data for KC1 rather than the method-level data. In this case, the use of class-level data resulted in improved prediction performance compared to using method-level data. These findings suggest that quality assurance activities can be guided even better if defect prediction is performed by using data that belong to larger modules.
Effects of Environmental Temperature on the Iodine Requirements of Young Chickens

Abstract Growth rate of chicks maintained at 32 C was reduced as compared with chicks maintained at 21 C. Environmental temperature did not influence the iodine requirement for growth which appeared to be met with a level of approximately 75 ppb in both environments. Thyroid enlargement was observed in both environments for chicks fed low levels of iodine, but the magnitude of the enlargement was much greater at 21 C than at 32 C. A level of 75 ppb iodine was adequate for normal thyroid size at 32 C, but was inadequate to prevent thyroid enlargement at 21 C.
Messages from my father-in-law: Indexing membership and proximity in long-distance voicemails

Abstract This is a linguistic anthropological analysis of 18 voicemails left by the author's father-in-law on her telephone over 11 months. Semiotic analysis shows that the speaker incorporates his communications into his daily personal and religious rituals, evidencing a mode of discursively constructing and performing kinship relations and eliciting responses in imagined, or perhaps just slowed, talk-in-interaction. The speaker brings membership licensing, religious fluency, and social proximity necessitated by the bond of marriage. He leaves, with his voicemails, the self-renewing possibility of the strongest of future kin relations, despite being separated by a physical distance of over 2300 miles.
Analysis of fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: aspects of precipitating otolith calcium with hydrofluoric acid for trace element determination.

Abstract A method is developed for determination of trace elements, including Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, Tl and Zn, in fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Hydrofluoric acid was used to precipitate calcium resulting from acid dissolution of otolith calcium carbonate. Initial acidity of the sample solution influenced the precipitation efficiency of calcium fluoride. Up to 99.5% of Ca was precipitated in solutions that contained less than 2% (v/v) HNO3. Recoveries of the elements obtained from spiked artificial otolith solutions were between 90 and 103%. Stabilization of the elements within the ETV cell was achieved with 0.3 μg Pd/0.2 μg Rh chemical modifier that also afforded optimum sensitivity for multielement determination. The method was validated by the analysis of a fish otolith reference material (CRM) of emperor snapper, and then applied to the determination of the trace elements in otoliths of several fish species captured in Raritan Bay, New Jersey. Results indicated that fish physiology and biological processes could influence the levels of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in the otoliths of fish inhabiting a similar aqueous environment. Otolith concentrations of Cr and Ni did not show any significant differences among different species. Concentrations for Ag, As, Cd, Co and Tl were also not significantly different, but were very low indicating low affinity of otolith calcium carbonate to these elements.
Wnt-responsive element controls Lef-1 promoter expression during submucosal gland morphogenesis

Regulated expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (Lef-1) plays an obligatory role in the transcriptional control of epithelial bud formation during airway submucosal gland and mammary gland devel...
An information theoretic framework to compute the MAX/MIN operations in parameterized statistical timing analysis

The MAX/MIN algorithms play a crucial role in development of efficient and accurate parameterized statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) tools. Most of the existing techniques to compute the MAX/MIN in parameterized SSTA model spatial and path-based statistical dependences of variation sources using the second order statistical methods. Unfortunately, such methods have limited capabilities to measure the statistical relations between random variables (RVs). This results in significant decreasing the accuracy of the statistical timing. In contrast, information theory (IT) provides powerful techniques that can take into account complete structure of the statistical relations of RVs and allow a natural PDF-based analysis of the probabilistic dependences. So, in this paper we propose a new framework to perform the MAX/MIN operations based on IT concepts. The key ideas behind our framework are 1) exploiting information entropy to measure unconditional equivalence between actual MAX/MIN outputs and their approximate parameterized representations, and 2) using mutual information to measure equivalence of actual and parameterized MAX/MIN outputs from the viewpoint of their statistical relations to process variations. The experimental results validate the correctness and demonstrate a high accuracy of the new IT-based method to compute the MAX/MIN.
Solidification of an Aqueous Salt Solution in a Circular Cylinder

Under the assumptions of an invariant density and one-dimensional, radially inward solidification in a cylinder, a numerical model is presented to compare the relative solidification rates of sodium chloride and water solutions to that of water at two initial solution temperatures and two boundary temperatures. The situation of one-dimensional, transient inward solidification of a binary solution in a circular cylinder is studied numerically. The solution is assumed to be of a hypoeutectic initial concentration and to be initially at a superheated temperature above its initial melting point temperature. The boundary temperature of the cylinder is below that of its heterogeneous nucleation temperature and no supercooling occurs. The boundary temperatures and final solution concentrations are assumed to be above and below, respectively, the eutectic point of the solution. The finite difference numerical model predicts the time for the radial formation of the mush type of ice to reach the center of the cylinder and the time for the entire cylinder to reach the cylinder boundary temperature, based upon the assumptions of negligible diffusion and convection of solute during solidification. The results reveal that closure times are significantly increased for the solutions compared to pure water due to decreased conductivity of themore » mush compared to ice.« less
Gender differences in cystic fibrosis: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

The median survival age for females with cystic fibrosis (CF) is approximately 3 years younger than for males. We tested whether earlier acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) by female CF patients or the greater impact of this organism on their lung disease, or both, contribute to their poorer survival. PA infection status, survival, pulmonary function tests, and chest X-ray scores from patients who were followed at our center for at least 2 years with a minimum of three respiratory cultures per year were analyzed (n = 848). The median age of chronic infection with mucoid PA was 1.7 years earlier in females than in males. Patients infected with mucoid PA had poorer survival, chest X-ray scores, and pulmonary function tests than patients who had either no Pseudomonas species or only the nonmucoid phenotype. Acquisition of mucoid PA was associated with an accelerated rate of decline in pulmonary function. However, the rate of change of pulmonary function after mucoid PA infection was similar for males and females. Moreover, even among patients who had only the mucoid form or only the nonmucoid form, males had better percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and better survival. Therefore, factors in addition to earlier acquisition of mucoid PA may contribute to the poorer survival of female CF patients.
The conversion of cis-2-octenoic acid to linoleic acid.

Abstract Scheuerbrandt et , al . (1961) have reported the anaerobic biosynthesis of oleic acid from octanoate by Clostridium , butyricum . At the same time, it was reported from this laboratory that 1-C14- cis -2-octenoic acid may be converted into linoleic acid by the laying hen (Reiser et , al . 1961, 1962). The synthetic steps suggested by Scheuerbrandt et , al . (1961) may explain both syntheses, as diagrammed below in the discussion. In the present study, unlabeled cis -2-octenoic acid was fed and the hen injected with 1-C14 acetate. More direct and rigorous techniques than in the earlier work were used for the location of the labeled carbon atoms in the resultant linoleic acid.
Modulation Sensing of Fluorophores in Tissue: A New Approach to Drug Compliance Monitoring

We describe a method to detect the presence of fluorophores in scattering media, including intralipid suspensions and chicken muscle covered with skin. The fluorophores were rhodamine 800 (Rh800) and indocyanine green (IcG), both of which can be excited at long wavelengths where there is minimal absorption by tissues. These fluorophores were dissolved in intralipid or in chicken muscle under skin. A method to approximate the fluorophore concentration in such samples was developed using a long lifetime reference fluorophore in a polymer film placed immediately on the illuminated surface of the sample. Because of the long lifetime of the reference film, the modulation of its emission at low frequencies near 2 MHz is near zero. Since the lifetime of Rh800 and IcG are below 2 ns the modulation of the combined emission is a measure of the intensity of the fluorophore (Rh800 or IcG) relative to the long lifetime reference. Using this method we were able to measure the concentration-dependent intensities of Rh800 and IcG in an intralipid suspension. Additionally, micromolar concentrations of these probes could be detected in chicken muscles, even when the muscle was covered with a layer of chicken skin. The presence of an India ink absorber in the intralipid had only a moderate effect on the modulation values. We suggest the use of this transdermal detection of long-wavelength fluorophores as a noninvasive method to monitor patient compliance when taking medicines used for treatment of chronic diseases such as AIDS or tuberculosis. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Antifungal interactions within the triple combination of amphotericin B, caspofungin and voriconazole against Aspergillus species

Objectives: The in vitro effects of caspofungin combined with voriconazole and amphotericin B were tested in triplicate experiments against nine clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus. Methods: The isolates were tested against a range of concentrations of voriconazole (0.015-1.0 mg/L), caspofungin (0.125-256 mg/L) and five concentrations of amphotericin B (0.1-0.5 mg/L) with a microdilution chequerboard method based on the CLSI M38-A reference method and the results were analysed with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. The effect of individual drugs on the FIC index of each of the double combinations was also evaluated. Results: The triple combination of voriconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B against all Aspergillus spp. was synergistic (FIC index 0.49-0.57) at low median concentrations of amphotericin B (0.10-0.22 mg/L) and voriconazole (0.07-0.15 mg/L) over a wide range of caspofungin concentrations (4.32-17.28 mg/L). Antagonistic interactions (FIC index 1.65-2.15) were found at higher median concentrations of amphotericin B (0.3-0.5 mg/L) and voriconazole (0.23-0.68 mg/L) over a similarly wide range of caspofungin concentrations (1.47-32 mg/L). Conclusions: These concentration-dependent interactions may have important clinical implications, which require further evaluation in animal models of invasive aspergillosis.
Major Concerns? A Longitudinal Analysis of Student- Athletes’ Academic Majors in Comparative Perspective

This paper investigates the over-representation of student-athletes in academic majors, a pattern known as clustering. Three issues are examined. The first is whether clustering occurs at college entrance or later. The second is whether some athletes are at extra risk of clustering. The third is whether clustering contributes to future income inequalities. Analyses of a major university’s student records revealed that athletes clustered at the start of college but the tendency to do so was moderated by race, sex, and type of sport played. Clustering also intensified greatly over time, particularly for African American athletes. By the eighth semester, 64% of African American athletes were social science majors. In the short-term, clustering lowered athletes’ projected incomes, but long-term income projections based on academic major slightly favored groups of athletes who clustered within the social sciences.
The Impossible project of Ivan Pavlov (and William James and sigmund Freud)

In different contexts, beginning with different concerns, Pavlov, James, and Freud tried to achieve a neurophysiological explanation of mind, and suffered defeat. James and Freud acknowledged the defeat and attempted, in radically different ways, to construct an interim psychology, hoping that neural explanation would be achieved in the future. Pavlov came to the effort in his fifties, after decades of research that took for granted a sharp separation between neurophysiology and psychology. He changed his mind as he noticed the descent of his discipline from study of whole-body and organ functions to concentration on the neuron and the molecule. Pavlov thought to save the discipline from chaos by providing laws of “higher nervous activity” to serve as an organizing framework. Hence his stubborn refusal to acknowledge the obvious errors in his supposed neural explanation of conditioned reflexes. The Russian context of ideological division and extreme social conflict reinforced the unwitting retreat of Pavlov and his school into a scientistic counterculture, while claiming to be developing the ultimate neural explanation of the mind. In countries of less extreme conflicts, classical conditioning continued to be a focal point of discord between psychologists who accept the inevitability of mentalist concepts and neuroscientists who insist that they must be avoided. In any context, neural explanation of mental phenomena has been a project that is impossible to avoid and impossible to accomplish.
Content-based ontology matching for GIS datasets

The alignment of separate ontologies by matching related concepts continues to attract great attention within the database and artificial intelligence communities, especially since semantic heterogeneity across data sources remains a widespread and relevant problem. In particular, the Geographic Information System (GIS) domain presents unique forms of semantic heterogeneity that require a variety of matching approaches.Our approach considers content-based techniques for aligning GIS ontologies. We examine the associated instance data of the compared concepts and apply a content-matching strategy to measure similarity based on value types based on N-grams present in the data. We focus special attention on a method applying the concepts of mutual information and N-grams by developing 2 separate variations and testing them over GIS dataset including multi-jurisdictions. In order to align concepts, first we find the appropriate columns. For this, we will exploit mutual information between two columns based on the type distribution of their content. Intuitively, if two columns are semantically same, type distribution should be very similar. We justify the conceptual validity of our ontology alignment technique with a series of experimental results that demonstrate the efficacy and utility of our algorithms on a wide-variety of authentic GIS data.
Examining the Relationship Between Role Models and Leadership Growth During the Transition to Adulthood

Leadership and developmental scholars have highlighted the need to enhance youth leadership skills. Yet, research that explains youths’ perceptions of how and when role models influences their leadership growth processes is limited. To address these gaps and begin to develop an understanding of youths’ perspectives, we employed a qualitative, grounded theory design and interviewed emerging adults (N = 23) about their perceptions of their own leadership development. Our analysis resulted in a role model–driven framework for youth leadership development. This framework illustrates participants’ descriptions of the leadership growth process between adolescence and emerging adulthood, including the ways in which youths’ motivation to lead was facilitated by the qualities of relational role models, their knowledge of opportunities, the relational role models’ beliefs in youths potential, and the fact that they were inspired by positional role models.
Bowel function recovery after radical hysterectomies: thoracic epidural bupivacaine-morphine versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine: a pilot study.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine if the use of continuous epidural bupivacaine-morphine in the perioperative period is associated with a significant decrease in the recovery time of postoperative ileus when compared with parenteral morphine administration. Design: Prospective (quality of analgesia) and retrospective (bowel function recovery), nonrandomized study. Setting: Inpatient gynecology-oncology patients at a university-affiliated tertiary cancer center hospital. Patients: 68 women who experienced uncomplicated radical hysterectomies for cancer. Interventions: Intraoperative epidural-general anesthesia or general anesthesia only was administered. Postoperative continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-morphine and intravenous (IV) morphine via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Both forms of therapy were titrated to provide patients with a dynamic visual analog pain score of 5 or less on a 10-point scale throughout the study period. Patients were weaned from infusions when pain scores remained at less than 5 for 12 hours and no breakthrough medication was used. Measurements and Main Results : Rest and dynamic pain scores, time of first flatus, length of nasogastric therapy, time to solid food intake, daily and total morphine requirements and length of hospitalization were recorded. The epidural group required fewer days of nasogastric therapy (4 ± 3 versus 8 ± 2 days, p = 0.0001), tolerated solid foods sooner (6 ± 2 versus 11 ± 3 days, p versus 14 ± 4 days, p = 0.0001) when compared with the PCA group. Conclusions: The use of thoracic epidural bupivacaine-morphine results in a decrease in the duration of postoperative ileus, which was associated with earlier hospital discharge.
Local-Scale Difference of Coyote Food Habits on Two South Carolina Islands

Abstract Canis latrans (Coyote) is regarded as a classic generalist predator that has recently established large populations throughout the southeastern US. To better understand how Coyote food habits in the Southeast may differ on an extremely small spatial scale, we collected a total of 305 Coyote scats from 2009 to 2011 on 2 islands separated by a 1.4–2.5-km-wide expanse of low saltwater-marsh on the coast of Georgetown, SC. We identified diagnostic remains of prey items to the lowest possible taxonomic level. A multi-response permutation procedure revealed differences in Coyote diet composition between islands (A = 0.0090, P < 0.0001). Subsequent indicator-species analysis revealed a total of 4 food items that served to differentiate diet between islands: birds. Sus scrofa (Wild Hog), Ilex sp. (holly) fruit, and lagomorphs. Our results demonstrate that Coyote food habits and their potential ecosystem effects may vary widely on a very local scale. This finding may be of particular concern to biologists...
Modelling of Wave Overtopping over Breakwater

From a recent experimental study on the kinematics of wave overtopping on marine structure by Lee, Zhuang and Chang (1993) it was found that the overtopping wave generates a strong rotational velocity field in the shoreward region of the breakwater. The present study focuses on the development and the implementation of a numerical model for the generated velocity field in the vicinity of the shoreward face of the breakwater. The numerical model consists of two basic elements: The velocity field generated by using the potential flow theory utilizing boundary element method and the rotational velocity field generated by the separated flow of the overtopping waves as they leave the breakwater site using vorticity stream function formulation. The computational results at a region far away from the separation zone based on the potential flow theory (boundary element method) are used as specified boundary conditions for simulation in the vorticity stream function model. The numerical results have been compared with the experimental data revealing the rotational feature of the velocity field in the separated zone (shoreward region of the breakwater). The generated vortical motion remains in the separation region even when the wave has travelled to the region far away from the breakwater.
The old and new face of craniofacial research: How animal models inform human craniofacial genetic and clinical data

The craniofacial skeletal structures that comprise the human head develop from multiple tissues that converge to form the bones and cartilage of the face. Because of their complex development and morphogenesis, many human birth defects arise due to disruptions in these cellular populations. Thus, determining how these structures normally develop is vital if we are to gain a deeper understanding of craniofacial birth defects and devise treatment and prevention options. In this review, we will focus on how animal model systems have been used historically and in an ongoing context to enhance our understanding of human craniofacial development. We do this by first highlighting "animal to man" approaches; that is, how animal models are being utilized to understand fundamental mechanisms of craniofacial development. We discuss emerging technologies, including high throughput sequencing and genome editing, and new animal repository resources, and how their application can revolutionize the future of animal models in craniofacial research. Secondly, we highlight "man to animal" approaches, including the current use of animal models to test the function of candidate human disease variants. Specifically, we outline a common workflow deployed after discovery of a potentially disease causing variant based on a select set of recent examples in which human mutations are investigated in vivo using animal models. Collectively, these topics will provide a pipeline for the use of animal models in understanding human craniofacial development and disease for clinical geneticist and basic researchers alike.
Low Childhood Socioeconomic Status Promotes Eating in the Absence of Energy Need

Life-history theory predicts that exposure to conditions typical of low socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood will calibrate development in ways that promote survival in harsh and unpredictable ecologies. Guided by this insight, the current research tested the hypothesis that low childhood SES will predict eating in the absence of energy need. Across three studies, we measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Studies 2 and 3) participants' energy need and gave them the opportunity to eat provided snacks. Participants also reported their SES during childhood and their current SES. Results revealed that people who grew up in high-SES environments regulated their food intake on the basis of their immediate energy need; they ate more when their need was high than when their need was low. This relationship was not observed among people who grew up in low-SES environments. These individuals consumed comparably high amounts of food when their current energy need was high and when it was low. Childhood SES may have a lasting impact on food regulation.
Pion-nucleon collisions and single-pion production

In this, the first of two papers treating pion-nucleon collision and single-pion production, we study the requirements of unitarity and describe its effects on the analytic structure of the production amplitude. We do this by first carefully defining the physical amplitudes in the three-body helicity formalism. These amplitudes are then substituted into the unitarity equation and this unitarity equation is separated into a system of discontinuity equations. We also study the effects of possible driving terms. All this formalism is used to formulate a model of the production process. This model will be defined and solved in a subsequent paper.
A New Concept in Gasoline Marketing

One of the events that excited the most comment in petroleum marketing circles in 1956 was the introduction by Sun Oil Company of five grades of gasoline in Florida. This was particularly significant since Sun had traditionally manufactured and marketed only a single grade of gasoline.Sun has long been a major factor in price and quality competition in its marketing territory. This is a case history of competition showing how these factors of price and quality competition, along with Sun's distribution setup and technological capacity, influenced the decision to market multiple grades of gasoline.
The paperless laboratory: an integrated environment for data acquisition, analysis, archiving, and collaboration

Collaboration with distant colleagues usually takes the form of sending facsimile copies of analyzed data or, if the colleague has the same analysis program, sending the data itself. Discussion takes place either by telephone or e-mail but, without the ability to interactively and simultaneously view the same data its difficult to discuss particular features. Similar problems are encountered when two distant colleagues coauthor papers and need to discuss changes to text, layout, and figures.
Factors affecting potential for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) suppression by winter rye in Georgia, USA

Abstract Herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) has rapidly become a dominant weed management issue in agronomic crops of the Southeast US. The small size of Palmer amaranth seeds, relative to other common weeds, provides an opportunity to use physical weed control through high-biomass, rolled cover crop mulches, in conjunction with herbicide tools. Experiments were conducted to characterize Palmer amaranth suppression and light permeability from a range of rye biomass levels. There was an inverse relationship between Palmer amaranth emergence and rye biomass that was described by a log-logistic regression model. In the absence of rye, there was approximately 80% Palmer amaranth emergence, while the highest rate of rye biomass prevented Palmer amaranth emergence. A log-logistic regression model also described the amount of photosynthetic active radiation transmitted through rye mulch in a green house experiment. The highest level of rye biomass reduced the amount of light to 13% of full sunlight, while 5370 kg ha−1 of rye caused a 50% reduction of light transmission; a similar level of rye biomass (P = 0.93) reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by 50%. Effective suppression of Palmer amaranth will depend upon the ability to produce high-biomass rye. Field experiments evaluated changes in planting date, seeding rate, and nitrogen application on rye biomass production. Maximum rye biomass in April occurred when rye was planted prior to middle-November. However, a 50% reduction in rye biomass resulted from middle-December planting of rye, providing growers with a short planting interval for high-biomass rye production. Additionally, rye seeding rate did not increase rye biomass accumulation indicating that delays in autumn sowing cannot be overcome with plant density. Finally, nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting consistently increased rye biomass production 23–33% relative to non-fertilized controls averaged over all planting dates. Additional research is needed to evaluate how repeated high-biomass cover crop systems affect weed management systems, other pest complexes, and soil moisture status in the sandy soils of the southeast Coastal Plain.
407 ETHANOL CONSUMPTION INCREASES SYSTEMIC OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE GRAVID GUINEA PIG

Background Maternal alcohol abuse remains a significant problem for our society and ˜ 35% of women consume alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol-induced injury is augmented in females compared to males. Although in utero alcohol exposure is known to increase oxidative stress in the developing fetus, the effects of alcohol use on the gravid female have not been thoroughly explored. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that in utero ethanol (ETOH) exposure increased fetal oxidative stress in part via a decrease in the availability of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). We hypothesize that alcohol used during pregnancy increases oxidative stress and alters cytokines in the gravid female. Objective To 1) evaluate the effects of ETOH consumption on maternal markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines and 2) evaluate the effects of GSH supplementation during ETOH ingestion in the gravid female. Methods Using a guinea pig model of fetal ETOH exposure, timed-pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned on ˜ d32 (term d70) to ± ETOH in drinking water up to 4% (25% calories + 8 mg/100 mL saccharin) by d40 gestation. Where appropriate the GSH donors SAM or NAC were added to the water containing the ETOH. Cesarean section was performed on d55 of gestation and maternal blood obtained. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) a marker of oxidative stress, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were measured with commercially available ELISAs with values normalized to plasma protein. Values are mean (pg/μg protein) ± SEM. Results MDA was significantly increased with ETOH consumption (control 0.0142 ± 0.001, ETOH 0.0285 ± 0.00329, p Conclusions ETOH consumption during pregnancy increases systemic oxidative stress in the female dam. The addition of GSH donors during ETOH ingestion protects the dam from ETOH-induced oxidant stress. We speculate that alcohol ingestion during pregnancy increases the risk of oxidant and proinflammatory mediated injury in the female. Funded by NIH RO1 AA013972-02 (to T.W.G.).
Monitoring analysis of malaria in Shaoxing County from 2000 to 2007

A total of 30 cases of malaria patients were discovered in Shaoxing County from 2000 to 2007, and all of them were the imported cases. So the government of Shaoxing County should strengthen the management and the monitoring of floating population. To prevent the spread of malaria in the local area, the malaria should be diagnosed and treated early.
Perinatal and neonatal issues of substance abuse.

Six substances that commonly are abused in pregnancy and that affect the fetus and newborn infant are reviewed, including marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, alcohol, and cigarettes. Specifically, the effects of each individual drug are delineated separately. Teratogenicity and toxicity are emphasized. Prevalence, diagnosis, and therapy are also reviewed.
Cardiovascular Toxicity of Bevacizumab in Long-term Survival of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report

Introduction: Bevacizumab has been shown to improve progression-free survival in women with ovarian cancer in multiple clinical trials. Cardiovascular toxicity is reported in the case of a long term survivor of recurrent ovarian cancer. Case Report: A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed as stage IIIC, Grade 3 endomitriod adenocarcinoma of the ovary. She had been treated with 4 debulking surgeries and 6 different chemotherapy regimens for 9 years. However, remission diminished over this time period to only one month. Bevacizumab was administrated with additional chemotherapies, and prolonged survival was demonstrated over the next 5 years, including ongoing remission of 18 months to date. New onset hypertension was developed at the 10 th month of bevacizumab treatment, and proteinuria was found at the 12 th month. Patient presented symptoms of coronary artery disease during the 31 th month of bevacizumab treatment, and was soon treated with 4 stents, whereby symptoms resolved. After the 36 th month of bevacizumab, the patient had non ST elevated myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. Bevacizumab was terminated thereafter. In the following 18 months, the patient was treated with angioplasty 2 times for coronary artery occlusion, and with an additional stent. This was followed with coronary artery bypass graft. She also had an angioplasty for right femoral artery stenosis. Throughout most of the 14 year disease course, the patient maintained a good quality of life. As patients achieve long term survival from bevacizumab treatment, cardiovascular complications should be recognized and treated aggressively to minimize the adverse effects of cancer therapy.
“Fishing” out the real VEGFs

In this issue of Blood, using an elegant zebrafish-based model, Rossi et al demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), VEGFD, and placenta growth factor (PlGF) are able to sustain vascularization in the absence of VEGFA and generated dominant-negative VEGF mutants, thereby identifying new antiangiogenic strategies. There are multiple important points in this article which not only change our current understanding of the mechanisms of vascular growth in a complexity of vivo settings, but also advance the search for promising therapeutic approaches seeking to interfere with pathological vascularization.
Violence in a U.S. Veterans Affairs healthcare system: worker perspectives on prevalence, causes, and contributors

Worldwide, violence in healthcare settings is a common occurrence, causing stress, injury, and burnout among healthcare workers, and impacting their ability to provide safe, effective care for pati...
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment at the Time of Screening Mammography: Perceptions and Clinical Management Outcomes for Women at High Risk.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of a breast cancer risk assessment (BCRA) at the time of screening mammogram. Women whose BCRA indicated a high risk for cancer received a letter with instructions for breast health care and genetic counseling if appropriate. After 6 months this group received surveys to evaluate their risk perception and their recall of, and compliance with, recommendations. We also explored the impact of other variables such as a recommendation for genetic counseling and physician communication with the women. After the BCRA, the majority of high risk women reported no change in their perceived risk of cancer. A woman’s perceived risk of cancer after a BCRA was significantly associated with her recall of recommendations for breast health care, but not with compliance. A recommendation for genetic counseling was not significantly related to women’s perceived risk of cancer after the BCRA. Ten percent of women who should have obtained genetic counseling actually completed an appointment. Women who discussed their BCRA results with their physicians were more compliant with a six month breast exam with a doctor (53% vs 17%, p = 0.018). Overall, women felt that the BCRA was helpful and did not cause undue stress or anxiety. Although the cohort’s compliance with recommendations was suboptimal, physicians’ interactions with their patients may have a positive influence on their compliance.
The "Platelet Boilermaker" Is an Option for Quickly Raising Platelet Counts in IVIG Refractory ITP

Most patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) respond to first line therapy. Rarely there are patients who remain with very low platelet counts despite administration of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). A protocol at our institution (colloquially known as the "platelet boilermaker") for these refractory patients is to give 1 gram/kg of IVIG continuously over 24 hours concurrent with one unit of plateletpheresis product given over 6 hours repeated times 4. We examined the charts of 10 patients in the past 6 years who have received combined therapy. 70% were male; all were refractory to steroids and IVIG. Results are in table: Plt = platelet count x 109/L DITP = drug induced ITP, ICH - intracranial hemorrhage. GIB - gastrointestinal bleeding 9/10 patients had at least a transient rise in platelets greater than 30x109/L - 5 patients underwent emergent splenectomy with no bleeding complications. The patient with ICH had no extension and while the other patients who responded had cessation of bleeding. In summary for patients with IVIG refractory ITP who either have bleeding or need urgent splenectomy combined continuous platelets/IVIG is a therapeutic option. Disclosures Off Label Use: profilnine - warfarin reversal rVIIa - warfarin reversal.
Radio-interferometric Neutrino Reconstruction for the Askaryan Radio Array

The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is a neutrino telescope array under phased deployment near the South Pole. The array aims to discover and determine the ultra-high energy neutrino flux via detection of the Askaryan signal from neutrino-induced showers. This novel detection channel makes ARA the most cost-effective neutrino observatory in probing the neutrino flux from 10 17 eV – 10 19 eV. This contribution will discuss an interferometric vertex reconstruction technique developed for ARA, taking into account the curved paths traveled by EM radiation in inhomogeneous ice. Preliminary results on the directional reconstruction of an in situ calibration pulser as well as simulated neutrino vertices will be presented.
The Prison School: Educational Inequality and School Discipline in the Age of Mass Incarceration

Criminological research is replete with metaphors. “Mass incarceration,” “Court-room Focal Concerns,” “Age-crime Curve,” are just some examples. One of the more recent is the “school-to-prison pipe...
Extended-Release Guanfacine Does Not Show a Large Effect on Tic Severity in Children with Chronic Tic Disorders

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the tolerability, safety, and preliminary efficacy of extended-release guanfacine in children with chronic tic disorders, including Tourette's disorder (collectively referred to as CTD). Methods: This was a multisite, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The primary outcome measure was the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) total score. Key secondary outcomes included the Improvement item of Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale and the Tic Symptom Self-report (TSSR). Adverse events were monitored at each visit. Results: Thirty-four subjects (23 boys and 11 girls) of ages 6 to 17 years (mean = 11.1 ± 3.1) with CTD were randomly assigned to extended-release guanfacine (n = 16) or placebo (n = 18). At baseline, the mean YGTSS total score was 26.3 ± 6.6 for the guanfacine group versus 27.7 ± 8.7 for the placebo group. Within the guanfacine group (mean final daily dose of 2.6 ± 1.1 mg, n = 14), the mean YGTSS total score declined to 23...
bHLH-O proteins balance the self-renewal and differentiation of Drosophila neural stem cells by regulating Earmuff expression.

Abstract Balancing self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells requires differential expression of self-renewing factors in two daughter cells generated from the asymmetric division of the stem cells. In Drosophila type II neural stem cell (or neuroblast, NB) lineages, the expression of the basic helix-loop-helix-Orange (bHLH-O) family proteins, including Deadpan (Dpn) and E(spl) proteins, is required for maintaining the self-renewal and identity of type II NBs, whereas the absence of these self-renewing factors is essential for the differentiation of intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) generated from type II NBs. Here, we demonstrate that Dpn maintains type II NBs by suppressing the expression of Earmuff (Erm). We provide evidence that Dpn and E(spl) proteins suppress Erm by directly binding to C-sites and N-boxes in the cis-regulatory region of erm . Conversely, the absence of bHLH-O proteins in INPs allows activation of erm and Erm-mediated maturation of INPs. Our results further suggest that Pointed P1 (PntP1) mediates the dedifferentiation of INPs resulting from the loss of Erm or overexpression of Dpn or E(spl) proteins. Taken together, these findings reveal mechanisms underlying the regulation of the maintenance of type II NBs and differentiation of INPs through the differential expression of bHLH-O family proteins.
Incremental dialysis: review of recent literature.

Purpose of reviewThere are clinical, physiological, financial, and practical reasons to perform incremental hemodialysis in selected patients, incident to end-stage renal disease. Recent papers inform us further, especially in the large database studies.Recent findingsSmall studies suggested, then a
A Performance Transcription Exercise

This performance transcription exercise features verbatim narratives of open-ended interviews conducted with self-identified physically disabled professionals from the critical, applied learning pedagogical film Cripping: A Performance Ethnography of Disability and Identity. A performance approach to qualitative narrative research focuses on the embodied telling of a story as the subject of inquiry. Comparing and contrasting the potential oral interpretations of each research participant’s narrative excerpt based on the researcher’s transcription choices illustrates how transcription is a vital component of the interpretation and analysis processes in personal narrative and storytelling research.
Robotic Right Lower Lobectomy

Conventional treatment of early-stage non–small cell lung carcinoma continues to be anatomical lobectomy with systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of traditional thoracotomy procedures and the modern video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach has led us to develop a reproducible and safe technique using robotic technology. The technique is claimed to reduce morbidity and mortality, shorten hospital stays, allow patients a faster return to functional capacity, and be more cosmetically appealing than open thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach. This article presents an overview of a total endoscopic 3-arm robotic video-assisted anatomical lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection performed through a port-only approach.
Aerosol insecticide distribution inside a flour mill: Assessment using droplet measurements and bioassays

Abstract The distribution of aerosol applications of pyrethrin + methoprene, generated from a mechanical fogger, and pyrethrin + pyriproxyfen, dispensed from a pressurized cylinder, were characterized inside a pilot-scale flour mill using measurements of particle size and concentration and effects on adult confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Jacqueline duVal, in bioassay arenas. Particle measurements were made using TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) units placed in an open straight line at distances of 4.3, 8.9, and 13.5 m from the aerosol release point (open configuration). Measurements were also made using a second configuration (termed obstructed), which was done by moving the APS unit at 8.9 m underneath a piece of equipment, and moving the APS unit at 13.5 m behind a support beam. Actual concentration and calculated deposition were about 4× greater for the pyrethrin + methoprene aerosol compared to the pyrethrin + pyriproxyfen aerosol. However, efficacy was similar since bioassays using adult T. confusum showed no difference in recovery after exposure to either insecticide. Concentration and calculated deposition of both aerosols decreased with increasing distance from the spray release point and when the APS units were in the obstructed configuration, and recovery of bioassay insects after exposure increased with increasing distance from the spray release point. Results from this field trial show how efficacy of aerosol applications is impacted by distance and obstacles, and how use of equipment that measures droplet size and concentration can help quantify the dispersion and spread of insecticidal aerosols. Results also provide guidance to develop relationships between aerosol deposition and efficacy and thus improve pest management programs for structural management of stored product insects.
Limits of quantum graph operators with shrinking edges

Abstract We address the question of convergence of Schrodinger operators on metric graphs with general self-adjoint vertex conditions as lengths of some of graph's edges shrink to zero. We determine the limiting operator and study convergence in a suitable norm resolvent sense. It is noteworthy that, as edge lengths tend to zero, standard Sobolev-type estimates break down, making convergence fail for some graphs. We use a combination of functional-analytic bounds on the edges of the graph and Lagrangian geometry considerations for the vertex conditions to establish a sufficient condition for convergence. This condition encodes an intricate balance between the topology of the graph and its vertex data. In particular, it does not depend on the potential, on the differences in the rates of convergence of the shrinking edges, or on the lengths of the unaffected edges.
Special Issue on Statistical and Learning-Theoretic Challenges in Data Privacy

This special issue presents papers based on talks from a workshop on "Statistical and Learning-Theoretic Challenges in Data Privacy" held at UCLA's Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM), February 22–26, 2010.