cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing outcomes for breast conservation therapy of mammographically detected malignancies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of surgeon caseload, lesion type, and biopsy type on outcomes in breast conservation therapy (BCT). BACKGROUND: Breast conservation therapy has low rates of morbidity and mortality and is being performed with increasing frequency. Its primary advantage is cosmetic, and the amount of breast tissue resected is the main determinant of cosmetic outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred seventeen consecutive patients undergoing breast conservation therapy at Northwestern Memorial Hospital for mammographically detected breast cancer were evaluated. The volume of tissue excised was compared with the volume of the tumor as a ratio. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the relationships between the specimen-to-tumor-volume ratio (STVR) and histologic diagnosis, biopsy type, surgeon caseload, and lesion type were examined. RESULTS: The mean (log scale) STVR was significantly lower when the mammographic lesion was identified as a mass or architectural distortion versus calcifications (p < 0.001 in multivariate analysis). Mean log (STVR) was also decreased for higher-caseload surgeons (p = 0.02). Core biopsy before lumpectomy was associated with significantly increased mean log (STVR) (83 versus 50, p = 0.05) without significantly increasing the rate of negative margins. CONCLUSIONS: Mammographic lesion type and biopsy method were associated with the amount of tissue excised relative to tumor size as measured by STVR. In addition, surgeons with higher caseloads were better able to perform needle localization lumpectomy to negative margins while limiting the volume of normal breast tissue excised.
Morphological and chemical optimization of microcantilever surfaces for thyroid system biosensing and beyond.

Abstract The development of biosensors is vital in many areas of biotechnology and biomedical research. A prominent new class of label-free biosensors are those based on ligand-induced nanomechanical responses of microcantilevers (MCs). The interaction between biologically significant ligands with bioreceptors (e.g., antibodies or nuclear receptor proteins) immobilized on one side of the MC surface causes an apparent surface stress, resulting in static bending of the MC, which can be detected by an optical beam bending technique. The three key performance metrics of sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility are foci of the work reported herein. The nature of the MC surface and the method by which the bioreceptor is immobilized influence these performance metrics and, hence, optimization studies involving these were conducted. In our work, the gold surface on one side of the MC is first activated via self-assembled monolayer formation with amino ethane thiol (AET) then reacted with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker before finally functionalizing with the protein receptor. We report the effect of concentration, reaction time, and pH for these reagents on the magnitude of the nanomechanical responses using an anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG) receptor: IgG ligand test system. By vapor depositing an alloy of silver and gold and then etching away the former, a nanostructured “dealloyed” MC surface is created that outperforms a smooth gold MC in terms of nanomechanical responses. Optimization of the dealloying parameters (thickness, metal ratio) is also reported herein using the aforementioned anti-IgG–IgG system. Maximum response was obtained with these conditions: 150 nm dealloyed surface, 1 mM aqueous solution of AET-incubation time 1 h, 1% GA solution in 10 mM pH 8 phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-incubation time 3 h, and 0.5 mg mL −1 of receptor protein solution in 10 mM pH 7 PBS-incubation time 1 h. Additionally, surprising results are reported when Protein A is immobilized first to properly orient the bioreceptor IgG molecules. We also report the application of optimum and non-optimum conditions to detect thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs) using MCs functionalized with the transport protein thyroxine-binding globulin. Selectivity patterns are reported for several TDCs and sensitive detection of thyroxin at sub-nM levels is demonstrated.
On four colored sets with nondecreasing diameter and the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv theorem

A set X, with a coloring Δ: X → Zm, is zero-sum if Σx∈XΔ(x) = 0. Let f(m, r) (let fzs (m, 2r)) be the least N such that for every coloring of 1,..., N with r colors (with elements from r disjoint copies of Zm) there exist monochromatic (zero-sum) m-element subsets B1 and B2, not necessarily the same color, such that (a) max(B1)-min(B1)≤max(B2)-min(B2), and (b) max (B1)<min(B2). We show thatfzs(m, 4)=f(m,4).
Prediction of anxiety and depression patterns among coronary patients using a markov process analysis

A Markov process analysis was applied in a study of anxiety and depression patterns among 31 male patients with coronary heart disease and 46 healthy male controls. Anxiety and depression were measured at six- to eight-week intervals over a period of 15 months by the subjects' completion of shortened versions of the Bendig Anxiety and Welsh Depression subscales of the MMPI. The sequence of anxiety and depression states for each subject at each examination was used as input to the Markov analysis system. Patients had significantly higher anxiety scores over time than the controls. Patients under age 50 showed a fivefold greater incidence of anxiety and a higher degree of retention of high anxiety over time than controls in the same age group. The anxiety level of controls was low irrespective of age. While depression was a more persistent state among patients than controls, it was not found to be age-related among either patients or controls. The implication of these findings in planning strategies of therapeutic intervention to circumvent the cumulative effects of anxiety and depression is discussed.
EFFECT OF COBALT-59 SELF-DECOUPLING ON THE SOLID-STATE 31P CP/MAS NMR SPECTRA OF COBALOXIMES

Phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of three solid cobaloxime complexes containing phosphorus donor ligands have been examined. At room temperature, the 31P CP/MAS NMR spectra of PBu3Co(DH)2Cl (I) are broad and rather featureless, while PPh3Co(DH)2CH3 (II) and P(OEt)3Co(DH)2N3 (III) exhibit well-resolved eight-peak patterns which result from 59Co (spin 7/2), 31P spin−spin coupling. Variable temperature measurements on compound I indicate that the peak broadening observed at room temperature results from the onset of 59Co self-decoupling. At 155 K, the 59Co spin−lattice relaxation time is sufficiently long that well-resolved octets are observed. The experimental 31P CP/MAS NMR spectra were simulated using the first-order perturbation approach of Olivieri and the information available from these simulations is discussed in detail. The 31P NMR spectra of compound I provide the first reported example of recoupling of the direct and indirect spin−spin interactions between a quadrupolar nucleus and a spin 1/2 nucleus in ...
Hematoma Mimicking Ruptured Testis After Self-Inflicted Orchiectomy: A Case of Munchausen Syndrome

Testicular rupture is a potentially serious sequela of scrotal trauma. Physical examination is often quite limited in these cases. Sonography contributes significantly by directly visualizing the testis and intrascrotal contents. False-positive sonograms can occur, particularly when a hematocele displaces or distorts the testis beyond recognition or when a hematoma is mistaken for a damaged testis. This report describes the ultrasonographic appearance of a hematoma that mimicked a ruptured testis. The testis had actually been removed by the patient himself, who was suffering from a psychiatric disturbance called Munchausen syndrome.
Age differences in ethanol discrimination: acquisition and ethanol dose generalization curves following multiple training conditions in adolescent and adult rats.

Background Adolescents and adults vary in sensitivity to many effects of ethanol (EtOH), although it is unknown whether they also differ in their perception of EtOH's subjective cues. This study characterized EtOH discrimination in adolescent and adult male rats using a rapidly acquired Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure. Methods EtOH at 1 of the 3 training doses (0.75, 1.0, or 1.25 g/kg) served as either a positive (POS) or negative (NOS) occasion setter. Each 20-minute training session consisted of eight 15-second presentations of 2 cue lights located on either side of a dipper delivering chocolate Boost®. For POS-trained rats, the cue lights reliably predicted 5-second presentations of chocolate Boost during EtOH but not saline sessions, with the opposite contingencies used for NOS-trained rats. Anticipatory approach behavior (head entries into the reward delivery area) in the presence and absence of the cue lights was used to calculate discrimination scores on EtOH and saline sessions. Following acquisition, various doses of EtOH (0 to 1.5 g/kg) were administered to establish generalization curves. Results Although animals of both ages responded differentially on EtOH and saline sessions by the end of acquisition, adults met criterion more quickly and had higher discrimination scores during reinforced sessions than adolescents. Whereas adolescents failed to demonstrate any dose-dependent responding during testing when trained with the 0.75 or 1.25 g/kg EtOH doses, adults demonstrated broader EtOH generalization during testing sessions following training with all 3 EtOH doses. Among adolescents trained with 1.0 g/kg EtOH, less generalization occurred relative to adults. Conclusions Adolescents were less sensitive to EtOH's interoceptive effects, indicating that EtOH is likely a more salient cue for adults than for adolescents. These findings contribute to evidence that suggests adolescent-typical insensitivity to internal cues that typically limit EtOH consumption may contribute to the elevated intake commonly reported during this developmental period.
Nosema algerae: Infection of the white mouse by a mosquito parasite

Abstract Spores of Nosema algerae, a microsporidan parasite of mosquitoes, were subcutaneously injected into the ears, tail, and feet of white mice. Infections were transient and localized at the injection sites. Spore germination tests in blood plasma indicated that it is unlikely that spores injected by an infected mosquito bite would result in an infection.
Performance of the Pro‐sp3‐TASSER server in CASP8

The performance of the protein structure prediction server pro-sp3-TASSER in CASP8 is described. Compared to CASP7, the major improvement in prediction is in the quality of input models to TASSER. These improvements are due to the PRO-SP(3) threading method, the improved quality of contact predictions provided by TASSER_2.0, multiple short TASSER simulations for building the full-length model, and the accuracy of model selection using the TASSER-QA quality assessment method. Finally, we analyze the overall performance and highlight some successful predictions of the pro-sp3-TASSER server.
Familial cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in the German shorthaired pointer maps to CFA18, a canine orthologue to human CLE

A familial form of lupus, termed exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ECLE) has been recognized for decades in German shorthaired pointer dogs (GSP). Previous studies were suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance. The disease presents as a severe dermatitis with age of onset between 16 and 40 weeks, and mirrors cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in humans. Lameness and, in advanced cases, renal disease may be present. Most affected dogs are euthanized before reaching the age of 4 years. The diagnosis is made by clinical observations and microscopic examination of skin biopsies. In humans, many different forms of CLE exist and various genes and chromosomal locations have been implicated. The large number of potential candidate loci combined with often weak association prevented in depth screening of the dog population thus far. During the course of our studies, we developed a colony of dogs with ECLE as a model for human CLE and the genetic analysis of these dogs confirmed the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of CLE in GSPs. Using canine patient material, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify the genomic region harboring the gene involved in the development of the disease in GSPs. We identified a SNP allele on canine chromosome 18 that segregated with the disease in the 267 dogs tested. The data generated should allow identification of the mutant gene responsible for this form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in dogs and assist in the understanding of the development of similar disease in humans.
Rotationally resolved photoionization of O2+ near threshold

Abstract A delayed, pulsed field ionization technique is used in combination with a high-resolution VUV radiation source to measure the rotational structure associated with the X 2 Π g ←X 3 Σ g − (0, 0) ionizing transition in O 2 . The data have been fit to theoretical expressions derived by Buckingham, Orr and Sichel (1970) for rotationally resolved one-photon ionization cross sections. From the fit we obtain an accurate ionization potential for O 2 (97348±2 cm −1 ), as well as evidence that the outgoing l =3 continuum channel is important in the threshold ionization of O 2 .
Developing Health Education for Hispanic Migrant Preschool Youth

Abstract The children of Hispanic migrant farm workers are more susceptible to health problems than children in the general U.S. population. Low socioeconomic status and the mobile lifestyle associated with agricultural farm work make it difficult for children and their families to access comprehensive health care. Hispanic preschool farmworker children suffer from common health problems such as respiratory and diarrheal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, dental caries, abuse and neglect, as well as occupational hazards. These health problems can be prevented or reduced through use of intervention strategies such as health education. Hispanic language, folk medical lore, and cultural practices frequently serve as barriers to effective health education. Health educators, as practitioners, must make themselves aware of and understand the special beliefs and needs of Hispanic preschool migrant children and their families. They must utilize existing cultural and social resources to assess needs and plan heal...
Reply Ab initio vibrational raman spectra of small ring molecules: Examples that warrant reevaluation of a scaling theme

Abstract Ab initio vibrational Raman spectra predicted at the SCF level are found to be in extremely good agreement with the experimental Raman spectra for several ring molecules. In some cases the comparison between the ab initio and experimental Raman spectra is better than the comparison between the corresponding vibrational absorption spectra. These observations may convince readers that ab initio calculations at the SCF level can provide satisfactory Raman spectra. These studies also suggest that, even though the ab initio frequencies are higher than experimental frequencies, it is not necessary to scale the ab initio force constants with multiple scale factors to achieve satisfactory correlation between the ab initio and experimental Raman spectra, for the molecules investigated.
The formation of oxygen-containing organic molecules by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide using a lanthanum rhodate catalyst

Abstract A LaRhO3 catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide at 6 atm pressure and between 225 and 375 °C. The oxide is stable to reduction to the metal, but X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy studies show that the active catalyst contains a reactive carbonaceous layer with most of the rhodium in the 1+ oxidation state and with some metal present. The presence of large amounts of oxidized rhodium species correlates with the production of large quantities of oxygenated hydrocarbons up to 80+ wt%. The selectivity to different oxygenated products varies with temperature; yields of acetaldehyde and ethanol in excess of 50 wt% are found at temperatures around 300 °C. The activation energies for the formation of all the products except methanol are similar at 28 ± 2 kcal/mole indicating that they are likely to form from a common CHx precursor, obtained by dissociative adsorption of CO. Methanol is probably formed from molecular CO with an activation energy of 16 ± 3 kcal/mole. The changes in selectivity with temperature can be explained by competing carbonylation and hydrogenation reactions coupled with changing concentrations of molecular and dissociated CO on the surface.
Paired-associate learning in a simple adaptive environment

An analysis of paired-associates learning by individual subjects in a “steady state” training situation is presented. The main results concern response correctness and response latency during acquisition and 24 hr. recall as a function of controlled practice.
Looking through a crystal ball--the question of primarily fusing to the pelvis in adult degenerative scoliosis.

coliosis, which derives from the Greek word meaning “twisting” or “torsion,” has been an important and S controversial subject since its first description by Hippocrates in the 4th century BC. There are controversies surrounding the diagnosis, etiology, and surgical and nonsurgical management. The prevalence of adult scoliosis ranges from 1%e10% (5). Surgery for adult deformity has become a larger part of both orthopedic and neurosurgery practices. In contrast to the more familiar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, where correction can often stop at L3, surgical correction in adult deformity often requires the inclusion of the lower lumbar levels of L4 or L5 (1). One question that often arises in practice is whether these long fusions should be extended to the pelvis. In cases of symptomatic lumbosacral pathology, such as spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 or the need for decompression at L5-S1, the decision is more straightforward. However, there are times when the clinical question presents a degree of equipoise, and the decision is more difficult.
Naturalistic studies of memory for object location in very young children

This chapter describes research on very young children's memory for location that was aimed at accurately assessing the memorial competence of young children.
Comments on the 210-243 cm -1 mode in surface enhanced ramman scattering from the pyridineAg system

Abstract The dependence of additional modes in the surface enhanced Raman spectrum (SERS) in the 80–300 cm−1 range for the Ag-pyridine-halide system on the applied voltage, the coadsorbed ion and anodization procedure has been studied. The results indicate that the 210–243 cm-1 mode in the Ag-pyridine-chloride system is not the Ag-N-stretching mode of the chemisorbed pyridine molecule nor due to residual AgCl contrary to previous interpretations. Alternative interpretations are discussed.
Making (Anti)Sense of Factor XI in Thrombosis

Inhibiting thrombosis without inducing bleeding is the holy grail of anticoagulant therapy. Currently, there are no commercially available anticoagulants that achieve this goal. Although many antithrombotic agents improve survival by interfering with vessel thrombosis, this protection always comes at the cost of an increased risk of bleeding. The observation that inhibitors of thrombosis increase bleeding is no surprise. Current dogma holds that the same blood constituents and mechanisms that are responsible for generating thrombin and fibrin to prevent excessive blood loss (hemostasis) can cause vessel stenosis or occlusion under pathologic conditions (thrombosis). But what if this were not the case? . . .
SINGLE PARTICLE ENERGIES OF NUCLEAR MATTER AND THE REFERENCE SPECTRUM METHOD

The single particle energies and the ground state energy of a superfluid system of nuclear matter are investigated. There are two difficulties in calculating these quantitites in the t-matrix approximation: (1) On account of the structure of thet-matrix equation the single particle energy is a very complicated expression, which cannot be evaluated explicitly in general. (2) Due to the superfluidity of nuclear matter, there are singularities in thet-matrix. — To overcome these difficulties we apply the reference spectrum method, recently proposed byBethe, et al.
Enantiospecific Photochemical Norrish/Yang Type II Reaction of Nonbiaryl Atropchiral α-Oxoamides in Solution—Axial to Point Chirality Transfer

Alpha-oxoamides 1 with o-tert-butyl substitution on the N-phenyl moiety were found to be stable axially chiral atropisomers. These axially chiral alpha-oxoamides undergo enantiospecific photochemical gamma-Hydrogen abstraction in CHCl(3) to yield beta-lactams with high enantioselectivity (e.r. approximately 90:10) in solution. The extent of enantioselectivity was found to be dependent on the reaction temperature.
Dibenzo[a,l]Pyrene Induction of Erythrocyte Micronuclei in A/J and P53-Deficient Mice

Abstract Male A/J and C57Bl/6 background p53+/+, p53+/- and p53−/- mice were treated with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), and micronucleus (MN) frequencies were measured in erythrocytes from bone marrow and peripheral blood. MN were also evaluated with an antikinetochore antibody to distinguish whether they were derived from chromosome breakage or from chromosome missegregation. Treatment of A/J mice with 6 mg/kg DB[a,l]P, and harvest of marrow erythrocytes 48 and 72 hrs later, resulted in statistically significant increases in kinetochore-negative MN levels (2.8x and 5.5x control levels, respectively). Treatment of p53+/+ and p53−/- mice with 18 mg/kg DB[a,l]P, and harvest of marrow erythrocytes 48 hrs later, resulted in statistically significant increases in kinetochore-negative MN frequencies (1.9x and 4.2x control levels, respectively). Our results indicate that DB[a,l]P induces moderate levels of chromosome breakage without dose-dependence in erythrocytes, and that p53 protein plays a protective role.
Titanium distribution in the lithosphere

Abstract The regional and global distribution parameters of titanium in various types of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are estimated on the basis of available analytical information. The average titanium content in sedimentary rocks is 0.34% and an average variation coefficient 0.35; for the “granitic” layer it is estimated as 0.33% and an average variation coefficient 0.30. Ultrabasic rocks with the exception of kimberlites are depleted in titanium (global average for dunites 0.036%; for peridotites 0.39%; for pyroxenites 0.50%; for kimberlites 1.30% Ti). Three groups of continental basalts can be outlined on the basis of Ti-distribution: (1) regional averages 0.8-1.0% Ti (mainly tholeitic basalts of shield regions and some mobile belts); (2) regional averages 0.6-0.8% Ti (mainly basalts of island arcs); (3) regional averages 1.2-1.4% Ti (mainly continental alkalic olivine basalts related to deep seated tectonic zones). Basaltic rocks of the oceanic crust form two separate groups. Basalts of the mid-oceanic ridges have the same Ti-average as continental basalts of shield regions (0.80% Ti). Tholeitic and especially alkalic basalts related to the volcanoes of central type differ from other basalts by high Ti-averages (1.50-1.90% Ti). Parameters of Ti-distribution in oceanic alkalic basalts are very close to those of lunar basaltic rocks and fines collected during “Apollo 12” and “Luna 16” missions. Global Ti-distribution in continental gabbro resembles that found in basalts of the island arcs. Gabbro series enriched by Ti are situated close to the border zone between continental and oceanic crust or are related to deep-seated tectonic zones. Partial fusion of the upper mantle at considerable depth (80–100 km and more) is considered as a main cause of Ti-concentration in terrestrial basic and ultrabasic rocks. Among metamorphic rocks Ti-averages in amphibolites and eclogites are similar to those in basaltic rocks. Eclogite inclusions from kimberlite pipes are depleted in Ti in comparison to any type of eclogites of mobile belts. The average Ti-content in gneisses and schists is very similar to granodiorites. However, metamorphic rocks as usual have much higher variation coefficients. Granodiorites (0.38% Ti), gneisses (0.35% Ti) and schists (0.36% Ti) represent within the “granitic” layer the average Ti-content of the entire layer. However granites (0.18% Ti) from this point of view are quite different from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It leads to the conclusion that the essential removal of about 50% of Ti takes place during granitization.
Using web-based technology in laboratory instruction to reduce costs

The authors report the results of a project to reemphasize high quality, hands-on laboratory courses in the engineering curriculum while reducing their costs through the application of web-based teaching tools. The project resulted in substantial gains in productivity of faculty and staff, increased utilization of laboratory space, cost reductions in equipment, and improved quality of learning for our students. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 204–214, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10029
Measurement of muscle protein fractional synthesis and breakdown rates from a pulse tracer injection

We have developed a new method to determine the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and breakdown rate (FBR) of muscle protein. This method involves a pulse tracer injection and measurement of enrichme...
Computing ROC curve confidence intervals for cardiac activation detectors

It is shown how to use the bootstrap to construct a nonparametric confidence interval for a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The method is used to perform a statistical comparison of a detectors curve with a particular point in ROC space or to compare curves derived from two similar detectors. The method is illustrated with a specific example in which a computer algorithm (AP) that was designed to detect cardiac activations in recordings taken from extracellular bipolar electrodes is evaluated. Twelve recordings of ventricular fibrillation were made on the epicardial surface of the heart in anesthetized mongrel dogs. Each recording contained between 115 and 237 activations. A cardiologist examined each recording, identified all activation events, and assigned a time of local activation (lat/sub C/) to each event. Next, each recording was analyzed by the computer program, AP, which produced its own list of local activation times (lat/sub AP/). The total numbers of true detections (N/sub TD/), false detections (N/sub FD/), and false negatives (N/sub FN/) were calculated for each recording. A true detection was defined as a lat/sub AP/ that fell within +or-6 ms of a lat/sub C/. >
Probing myelin and axon abnormalities separately in psychiatric disorders using MRI techniques.

In this manuscript we present novel MRI approaches to dissecting axon vs. myelin abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Existing DTI approaches are not able to provide specific information on these subcellular elements but novel approaches are beginning to do so. We review two approaches (magnetization transfer ratio - MTR; and diffusion tensor spectroscopy - DTS) and the theoretical framework for interpreting data derived from these approaches. Work is ongoing to collect data that will answer some relevant questions using these techniques in schizophrenia and related conditions.
Conversion of a Partial Removable Dental Prosthesis from Kennedy Class II to Class III Using a Dental Implant and Semiprecision Attachments

This article presents a design to convert a partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) from Kennedy class II to class III using a dental implant. Incorporating semiprecision attachments, this design provides desired esthetics, phonetics, and function.
Vector Network Analyzer Check Standards Measurements and Database Software

Vector network analyzers provide a convenient way to measure scattering parameters of a variety of microwave devices. However, these instruments, unlike oscilloscopes for example, require a relatively high degree of user knowledge and expertise. Prior to use, the network analyzer must undergo measurement calibration or error correction. Due to the complexity of the instrument and of the calibration process, there are many ways in which a poor measurement calibration or measurement may be produced. Check standards have been used to verify that the network analyzer is operating properly. In the past, the measurements were recorded manually and, sometimes, interpretation of the results was problematic. To aid our measurement assurance, a software program was developed to automatically measure a check standard and compare the new measurements with an historical database of measurements of the check standard device. The program can acquire new measurement data from selected check standards, plot the new data against the mean and standard deviation of prior data for the check standard, and update the database files for the check standard. This paper describes the function of the software including a discussion of its capabilities. The way in which the software is used in our lab is also described. Finally, some examples are given showing how the software can detect potential measurement problems.
Effects of sulfate and expansive clinker contents on expansion time of expansive-cement paste

The objective of this paper is to discuss the relationships between sulfate content and expansion time and between expansive-clinker content and expansion time in expansive-cement pastes. Generally, as the amount of sulfate increases, expansion time increases as well. In addition, sulfate content versus expansion time relationship depends on the size distribution of expansive-clinker particles. The increase is linear for monosize expansive-clinker particles and curvilinear for polysize particles. Increase in amount of expansive clinker up to a critical mass results in increase of expansion time. Addition of expansive clinker beyond the critical mass content results in reduction of expansion time. The above relationships serve as a basis for a model which can be used for optimizing mixture proportions. Such mixture proportioning will require only a small number of trial mixtures in order to achieve the optimum expansion strain, mechanical properties, and cost. (Author/TRRL) (Author/TRRL)
Tumor necrosis factor-α attenuates N-methyl-d-aspartate-mediated neurotoxicity in neonatal rat hippocampus

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute neonatal brain injury. We hypothesized that acute brain injury would induce TNFα expression and that exogenous TNFα would influence the severity of N-methyl- d -aspartate-induced tissue damage. We performed two complementary groups of experiments to evaluate the potential role(s) of TNFα in a neonatal rodent model of excitotoxic injury, elicited by intracerebral injection of N-methyl- d -aspartate. We used immunohistochemistry and ELISA to evaluate N-methyl- d -aspartate-induced changes in TNFα expression, and we co-injected TNFα with N-methyl- d -aspartate, to evaluate the effect of this cytokine on the severity of tissue injury. Both intra-hippocampal and intra-striatal injection of N-methyl- d -aspartate (5 nmol) stimulated TNFα expression. Increased TNFα expression was detected 3–12 h after lesioning; TNFα was localized both in glial cells in the corpus callosum, and in cells with the morphology of interneurons in the ipsilateral hippocampus, striatum, cortex and thalamus. Intra-hippocampal or intra-striatal administration of TNFα (50 ng) alone did not elicit neuropathologic damage. In the hippocampus, when co-injected with N-methyl- d -aspartate (5 or 10 nmol), TNFα (50 ng) attenuated excitotoxic injury by 35%–57%, compared to controls co-injected with heat-treated TNFα. In contrast, in the striatum, co-injection of TNFα with N-methyl- d -aspartate had no effect on the severity of the ensuing damage. The data indicate that TNFα is rapidly produced in glial cells and neurons after an excitotoxic insult in the neonatal rat brain, and that administration of exogenous TNFα results in region-specific attenuation of excitotoxic damage. We speculate that endogenous TNFα may modulate the tissue response to excitotoxic injury in the developing brain.
Examining Internationalization in U.S. Counseling Psychology Training Programs

The purpose of this study was to gather more information about the process of internationalization in U.S. counseling psychology programs. Participants included 26 training directors and 83 doctoral students, representing 32 of the 63 APA-accredited counseling psychology programs. Results suggested that the presence of international training opportunities did not increase from 2007 to 2010, with the exception that internationalism was increasingly being incorporated into the definition of multiculturalism. Results also suggested that in several areas, training directors and doctoral students differed in their knowledge of whether international training opportunities were present in their programs, and the degree to which they believed such opportunities were integrated. Finally, results suggested that respondents’ attitudes were generally favorable toward internationalization. The implications for counseling psychology training programs as well as recommendations for improving internationalization efforts...
The importance of gamma-glutamyl transferase in lung glutathione homeostasis and antioxidant defense.

An extensive literature now supports a fundamental role for glutathione in the antioxidant protection of the lung and its gas exchange surface [1]. However, the physiological significance of lung glutathione turnover by the extracellular catabolic enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has remained controversial. The function of GGT in the lung has been a major research focus in my laboratory. Our studies initially focused on normal rat lung both at different stages of development [2–4] and in different conditions of oxidant stress [5]. More recently, these studies have been complemented by experiments with a newly defined model of GGT deficiency, the GGTenu1 mutant mouse [6,7]. The cumulative information we have generated from this work in rat and mouse, that correlates the cellular sites of GGT gene expression with that of GGT protein and enzyme activity, supports a critical biological role for GGT in lung glutathione homeostasis and epithelial cell antioxidant defense. Our initial studies in rat lung revealed key insights into epithelial cell biology, surfactant function, intercellular glutathione transport, the role of GGT in the lung response to oxidant stress, and the role of oxygen as a regulator of gene expression in the lung. The GGT enu1 mutant mouse provided a model in which to test some of these observations and to more specifically define the role of GGT in the lung. In particular, we find that the absence of GGT expression in the mutant mouse lung severely limits glutathione availability and induces oxidant stress in normal oxygen conditions in both a subset of epithelial cells and in the surfactant that bathes cells at epithelial surfaces. Injury in these GGT-deficient lung epithelial cells is accelerated in the presence of hyperoxia with GGTenu1 mutants dying more rapidly compared to normal mice [8]. Our study of the GGTenu1 mouse also led us to identify novel truncated GGT protein isoforms that are generated by alternative splicing of GGT mRNA. While the intact GGT protein is expressed on the plasma membrane, these truncated isoforms are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Surprisingly, both the native GGT and one of its ER isoforms can mediate
Interval Analysis of Kinematic Errors in Serial Manipulators Using Product of Exponentials Formula

This paper proposes a methodology for analysis of kinematic errors in robotic manipulators. The approach is based on interval analysis and predicts end-effector pose deviation from its ideal model using the interval bounds on the errors of the individual axes. In contrast to sampling-based Monte Carlo methods, the proposed methodology offers guaranteed bounds for the error that accumulates at the end-effector. The forward kinematics map is extended to intervals using the product of exponentials formulation with interval joint parameters. This is a convenient method that incorporates both analytical and computational techniques and can be used for error analysis, or inversely, for manipulator design. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the calculated interval bounds fully enclose the end-effector error distribution and provide a measure of its volumetric size. An important application of this method is in the design of modular precision manipulators that can be assembled using individual linear and rotary stages.
An Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable Baseband Processor for Wireless Communications

Most existing techniques for reconfigurable processors focus on the computation model. This paper focuses on increasing the granularity of configurable units without compromising flexibility. This is carried out by matching the granularity to the degree-of-freedom processing in most wireless systems. A design flow that accelerates the exploration of tradeoffs among various architectures for the configurable unit is discussed. A prototype processor is implemented using the Intel 0.13-mum CMOS standard cell library. The estimated energy efficiency is in the same order as dedicated hardware implementations
A model of Agrobacterium tumefaciens vacuum infiltration into harvested leaf tissue and subsequent in planta transgene transient expression

Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, or agroinfiltration, can be a highly efficient method for transforming and inducing transient transgene expression in plant tissue. The technique uses the innate DNA secretion pathway of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to vector a particular plasmid-encoded segment of DNA from the bacteria to plant cells. Vacuum is often applied to plant tissue submerged in a suspension of A. tumefaciens to improve agroinfiltration. However, the effects of vacuum application on agroinfiltration and in planta transient transgene expression have not been well quantified. Here we show that vacuum application and release act to drive A. tumefaciens suspension into the interior of leaf tissue. Moreover, the amount of suspension that enters leaves can be predicted based on the vacuum intensity and duration. Furthermore, we show that transient expression levels of an agroinfiltrated reporter gene vary in response to the amount of A. tumefaciens vacuum infiltrated into leaf tissue, suggesting that vacuum infiltration conditions can be tailored to achieve optimal transient transgene expression levels after agroinfiltration.
Structure and hysteresis of patterned soft-magnetic structures

The most commonly used method for the fabrication of arrays of isolated magnetic features is lithography [1–3], but recently more advanced methods have been introduced. These techniques include fabrication using chemical vapor deposition in a scanning tunneling microscope [4], an atomic force micro-scope [5], or a scanning transmission microscope [6]. Here we report the fabrication and investigation of patterned nickel ﬁ lms using a different and somewhat uncon-ventional approach: laser assisted organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD). The process involved in this technique is the photolysis of organometallic molecules under exposure to a certain radiation with a speciﬁ c wave-length. The main advantages are that this method uses a single-step fabrication process, the chemical contamination of the deposited ﬁ lms is very low, and that this technique is compatible with ultra-high vacuum technologies. The features grow with rhombohedrally distorted f.c.c. (111) texture and exhibit in-plane anisotropy.
E-009 Dissecting Ruptured and Symptomatic Intracranial Pseudo-aneurysm who Underwent Endovascular Repair-A Case Series

Background The natural history of intracranial dissecting pseudo-aneurysm is not known. The optimum treatment strategies are not defined. The recent case series demonstrated non favorable clinical outcome when endovascular pipeline device was utilised to treat intracranial dissection aneurysm. Objectives To describe the treatment modalities that were undertaken to treat our series of ruptured and symptomatic intracranial dissection aneurysm. Additionally, we like to report the clinical and radiographic outcome for our case series. Methods Retrospective analysis of all dissecting intracranial aneurysms that underwent endovascular repair from January 2008 to December 2013. Patient demographics including aneurysm morphology and endovascular treatment modalities including angiographic data were collected. Clinical outcome was measures using modified Rankin Scale score (mRS). Results Six patients with median age of 58 year old (range 38–71), 5 women and one man with dissecting intracranial aneurysm were treated in endovascular approach. Off 6 patients, 3 were ruptured and 3 symptomatic; 4 spontaneous, one immediate post craniotomy and one suspected post motor vehicle accident. Three aneurysms were located in the internal carotid artery (ICA) petro-cavernous portion, one in ICA-supraclinoid, one in the right Vertebral artery (VA) and one in left VA-posterior inferior artery. Endovascular strategies utilised; 3 required stent-assisted (Enterprise) coiling, one Stenting only and two primary coiling. There was no intra-operative or post-operative event. Recurrence was observer in 4 of 6 cases and all in the ICA territories; of which 3 underwent successful recoiling including one required placement of an additional stent. Endovascular therapy to the one recurrent case couldn’t be performed due to remodeling induced extreme angulation of the pre-existing deformed left internal carotid artery that required stent-assisted repair of the proximal cervical internal carotid artery symptomatic dissecting aneurysm at the time of the repair of ICA-petrous dissecting aneurysm. The failed case underwent open craniotomy with external to internal carotid artery bypass surgery resulting in malignant stroke and death. Good outcome was observed in 5 cases (mRS 0 in 3, mRS 1 in 1). Poor outcome was observed in I (mRS 6). Conclusions Our series demonstrates that dissecting intracranial aneurysm is predominantly present in the Petro-Cavernous junction of the ICA. Most of them could be treated successfully with good clinical outcome using stent-assisted coiling, stent-remodeling or primary coiling. However, the recurrence rate is extremely common; therefore close early follow-up is necessary for all cases especially those located in Petro-cavernous junction of the ICA. Further long-term follow-up study is required. Disclosures Y. Lodi: None. V. Reddy: None. A. Devasenapathy: None. J. Chou: None. K. Shehades: None. K. Sethi: None. D. Galyon: None. S. Bajwa: None.
Controlled Ultrafiltration During Single‐Pass Dialysis with the RP‐6 Dialyzer and Evaluation of Its Time‐Dependent Ultrafiltration Index

A simple and inexpensive method is described for controlling ultrafiltration when using the high flux RP-6 dialyzer. When th RP-6 is operated in the co-current mode and with single-pass dialysate delivery, (PBo-PDo) can be used to accurately and safely control ultrafiltration. Combined results from ten dialyses indicate there is a pressure-dependent concentration polarization which affects ultra-filtration as reported previously, and in addition, a time-dependent effect indicating a more complex dialyzer/blood interaction. The ultrafiltration index decreases linearly with time. The ultrafiltration can be adequately predicted by (Formula: see text).
Labeling of Sexual Assault and Its Relationship With Sexual Functioning The Mediating Role of Coping

Little research has examined the relationship between women's labeling of their sexual assault experiences and sexual functioning, as well as identification of variables that may mediate the labeling-trauma outcome relationship. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap in the literature, by examining the potential mediating role of coping strategies in response to sexual assault in the relationship between labeling and sexual functioning. The sample included 135 college women with a history of adolescent/early adulthood sexual assault. Labeling was not bivariately related to sexual functioning outcomes; however, anxious coping mediated the relationships between labeling and both sexual lubrication and sexual satisfaction. This suggests that correlational analyses between labeling and trauma outcomes may not capture the complexity of this relationship, as it may be more indirect. Furthermore, results suggest that labeling is part of the coping process in response to sexual assault; some women who consider their experience to be sexual assault may engage in anxious coping efforts, contributing to difficulties with sexual lubrication and sexual dissatisfaction. Victims actively working to integrate their sexual assault experience with prior beliefs and self-concept may benefit from treatment focused on decreasing anxious coping, especially as it relates to sexual functioning.
Innovations in afforestation of agricultural bottomlands to restore native forests in the eastern USA

Establishing trees in agricultural bottomlands is challenging because of intense competition, flooding and herbivory. A summary is presented of new practices and management systems for regenerating trees in former agricultural fields in the eastern USA. Innovations have come from improvements in planting stock and new silvicultural systems that restore ecological function more quickly than traditional afforestation with single-species stands. Advances in nursery production of large (e.g. 1–2 m tall; 1.5–2.0 cm basal diameter) bareroot and container seedlings with well-developed root systems have led to increases in survival and growth, and early seed production. In addition to planting high-quality seedlings, managing vegetation is critical to regeneration success. Planting seedlings with cover crops such as redtop grass (Agrostis gigantea Roth) may improve tree survival and growth by controlling competing vegetation and reducing animal herbivory. An innovative strategy that simulates natural succession involves interplanting later seral species such as Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palm.) in young plantations of pioneer species such as Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Populus L. acts as a nurse crop for Quercus L. by reducing biomass of competing vegetation without seriously limiting Quercus L. seedling growth or function. Harvest of the short-rotation Populus L. crop releases the well-established Quercus L. trees. Success in afforestation requires planting high-quality seedlings using management practices that promote survival and growth. Restoration based on ecosystem processes, using tree species that have complementary ecological requirements, will be more successful and affordable than other methods.
Live demonstration: Real-time implementation of a proto-object-based dynamic visual saliency model

Visual saliency is an important aspect of the human visual system, as it allows us to process an overwhelming amount of visual information in real-time. Rather than processing the entire visual field in parallel, we focus our attention on only interesting regions for performing higher levels of processing. There are many approaches to modeling visual saliency given visual information, however, few models have been implemented for real-time processing and real-world applications. This demonstration takes the proto-object-based dynamic visual saliency model one step further by implementing it on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for realtime processing. This allows for many interesting applications including those relating to augmented vision and autonomous navigation using visual processing.