cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Research Journey of Full-Duplex at University of California from Self-Interference Cancellation to Wireless Network Security

This article provides an overview of research on full-duplex at the University of California, Riverside, in the past decade. This research was initially focused on self-interference (SI) cancellation, then moved to applications of full-duplex to improve network spectral efficiency, and in recent years advanced to discover full-duplex's potentials for wireless network security. The research on SI cancellation has resulted in both hardware-based SI cancellation results and some advanced theoretical architectures which show promises but are yet to be tested via advanced hardware implementations. The applications of full-duplex for optimized spectral efficiency in ad hoc, cognitive and cellular networks have shown how to optimize power allocation among full-duplex nodes, in their antenna beamspace and over multiple subcarriers. Full-duplex has also been found to be highly beneficial for improving secrecy capacity between legitimate users against eavesdropping. Among the new capabilities that full-duplex provides for network security is an effective anti-eavesdropping channel estimation scheme which is not possible for nodes without full-duplex.
Onset of the Paleoanthropocene in the Lower Great Lakes Region of North America: An Archaeological and Paleoecological Synthesis

Beyond its centrality to debates on the definition of a global chronostratigraphic geologic unit, the Anthropocene concept has served as a useful theoretical construct with which to assess regional...
Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellowship Websites: Information Considered Most Important to Fellowship Applicants.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine which components of sports medicine fellowships are most important to applicants when reviewing fellowship websites during the application process. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed to 492 fellowship applicants from the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cycles. The survey included questions about the importance of including components of fellow education, recruitment, and experience on program websites. The weighted average of responses determined each component’s rank, with 5 being “very important” and 1 being “not at all important.” Responses were analyzed by application cycle, current position, and sex using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results Sixty-five applicants participated in the survey and completed the demographics section, resulting in a 13.2% response rate. According to participants, the most important components to include on fellowship websites were exposure to advanced operative sports medicine techniques (weighted average, 4.62), complexity of cases performed (4.52), and number of cases performed (4.50). Analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in opinion between application cycles for flexibility for conducting a remote interview (P = .0074), jobs obtained by previous fellows (P = .019), national rank of department (P = .021), program’s geographic location (P = .026), protected academic time (P = .038), current positions for criteria for fellows’ performance evaluations (P = .028), program’s geographic location (P = .0097), and protected academic time (P = .0079). There were statistically significant differences in opinion between current positions regarding flexibility for conducting a remote interview (P = .0026), jobs obtained by previous fellows (P = .012), and national rank of department (P = .0013). Conclusions Orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship applicants believe that it is most important to include information about the volume and complexity of fellows’ cases and their day-to-day commitments on program websites. Clinical Relevance This information would enable applicants to identify programs that will support professional development and allow program directors to communicate expectations.
Human Malleability and Liberalism in Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education plays an important yet underappreciated role in resolving a classic debate in Locke scholarship. In An Essay concerning Human Understanding, Locke rejects...
Refractory dermatitis contributed by pityriasis versicolor: a case report.

Dermatologic toxicity is a very common immune-related adverse event (irAE) for patients with melanoma who are receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI). Concurrent skin infection, such as in the case of pityriasis versicolor reported here, can mimic and/or exacerbate dermatologic toxicity from irAE. A 58-year-old Caucasian man with a history of pityriasis versicolor infection and metastatic melanoma received ICI therapy. He developed progressively worsening pruritic maculopapular lesions 22 weeks into his treatment that ultimately covered 40% of his body. He was diagnosed with dermatologic toxicity due to ICI therapy with concurrent pityriasis versicolor. He was initially started on topical steroid and topical antifungal cream but achieved minimum improvement. His treatment was then escalated to oral prednisone, but it only achieved modest control of his dermatitis. All subsequent attempts to wean him from oral prednisone resulted in worsening of his dermatitis. Eventually he was started on oral fluconazole in combination with prednisone, which led to rapid resolution of his dermatitis. We report a case of dermatological toxicity due to an irAE with concurrent pityriasis versicolor. The steroid treatment for irAE was likely exacerbating the underlying fungal infection, and the fungal infection was in term mimicking the symptoms of irAE. This patient’s severe dermatitis was only brought under control after receiving a more potent antifungal therapy in combination with a steroid. It is vital to look beyond the irAE when managing dermatitis in patients receiving ICI therapy.
A Thirteenth Amendment Challenge to Both Racial Disparities in Medical Treatments and Improper Physicians’ Informed Consent Disclosures

Now, almost sixty years after World War II and approximately thirty years after the Vietnam War, many things have changed as African Americans (of all professions, including soldiers) can live, eat, and sleep in almost any place that they can afford. However, there still is much racial discrimination in America. This statement appears to be especially true concerning access to health care, as shown by the substantial racial disparities that occur across a broad spectrum of medical treatments, even when many African Americans now have access to the financial resources that are necessary to pay for their medical treatments. For example, there are estimates that approximately sixty thousand (60,000) African Americans die annually because of the disparities between the types of medical treatments that physicians and other medical providers make available to African-American patients and to white patients. Given the substantial disparities in various types of medical treatments, there is presently a debate over whether racism is at least one of the causes of this health care dilemma. This Article adds to that debate.
Sintering and stability of the BaCe0.9-xZrxY0.1O3-δ system

Protonic separation membranes for the hydrogen industry require thermo-chemical stability and high conductance. The perovskite BaCe 0 . 9 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 exhibits good proton conduction at high temperatures, but shows poor tharmo-chemical stability. Substituting Zr for Ce in BaCe 0 . 9 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 improves the thermo-chemical stability but reduces proton conduction. The objective of this work was to study the optimization of protonic conductance and thermo-chemical stability by changing the ratio of Ce to Zr in BaCe 0 . 9 - x zr x Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 . To elucidate the dopant effect, a coprecipitation method has been developed to produce single phase perovskites of BeCe 0 . 9 - x Zr x Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 (0≤x≤0.9). The coprecipitation method has been optimized to yield high purity and homogeneous powders with a particle size of 50-100 nm in diameter. The sintering characteristios were studied in the temperature range of 1400-1650°C. BaCe 0 . 9 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 , BaCe 0 . 7 Zr 0 . 2 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 and BaCe 0 . 5 Zr 0 . 4 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 can be sintered to high density at 1650°C. Sintered BaCe 0 . 5 Zr 0 . 4 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 and BaCe 0 . 3 Zr 0 . 6 Y 0 . 1 O 2 . 9 5 show good chemical stability against water and CO 2 . Electric conductivity decreases with Zr content.
Evaluation and accelerating Bluetooth device discovery

As a promising short-range wireless communication technology with the characteristics of interference resilience and power efficiency, Bluetooth is a ubiquitous candidate for wireless sensor network. The device discovery time of Bluetooth is the key for fast connection establishment, and hence successful scatternet formation and maintenance, which are required for wireless sensor networks. The frequency hopping technique used in Bluetooth and the asymmetric device discovery in Inquiry procedure result in undiscovered devices even within radio range. In this paper, we address the problem of device discovery in the context of scatternet formation. We evaluate the factors that affect device discovery process when multiple Bluetooth devices exist within radio range and wish to form a scatternet. Then we introduce a modified inquiry scheme using extended ID packet to accelerate the device discovery process. Simulation results show that our scheme leads to better performance for Bluetooth device discovery.
Are Investor Reactions to R&D Influenced by the Corporate Headquarter's Location?

This study provides evidence that investors react differently to R&D (line item) information according to the disclosure regimes of a firm's headquarters-country. The stock market response is significantly lower for R&D information from code law countries (continental Europe) than for common law countries (such as Britain).
Studies on the interaction of p-chloromercuribenzoate with turnip yellow mosaic virus. 3. Involvement of the ribonucleic acid.

Abstract The interaction of p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB) with turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) at pH 4.6 did not lead directly to a loss of the structural integrity of the particles, as had been observed previously at pH 7. In distilled water solution, fully substituted pCMB-TYMV was quite stable, but incubation for 1 hour at 30 °C in the presence of a 0.1 M KH2PO4-NaOH buffer of pH 7 was sufficient to disrupt the structure completely. The original stability to incubation in the phosphate buffer could be regained, however, if the pCMB was removed with mercaptoethanol prior to treatment with the buffer. The infectivity started to decline at substitution levels around 50%. At complete substitution, considerable inactivation was attained although infectivity was not completely destroyed. This inactivation was not caused by the induced structural instability of the viral capsid since removal of the pCMB could not reinstate the infectivity. Ribonucleic acid preparations, isolated from pCMB-TYMV before and after the pCMB had been removed, were inactivated to a similar extent and showed a distribution of sedimentation rates when examined in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Treatments with pCMB of isolated TYMV-RNA, under conditions similar to the ones utilized with complete virus, had little or no effect on its infectivity. These experimental findings suggest that there is an intimate structural association between the nucleic acid and protein inside TYMV.
Risk mitigation process for utilization of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) parts in CCD camera for military applications

This paper presents the lessons learned during the design and development of a high performance cooled CCD camera for military applications utilizing common commercial off the shelf (COTS) parts. Our experience showed that concurrent evaluation and testing of high risk COTS must be performed to assess their performance over the required temperature range and other special product requirements such as fuel vapor compatibility, EMI and shock susceptibility, etc. Technical, cost and schedule risks for COTS parts must also be carefully evaluated. The customer must be involved in the selection and evaluation of such parts so that the performance limitations of the selected parts are clearly understood. It is equally important to check with vendors on the availability and obsolescence of the COTS parts being considered since the electronic components are often replaced by newer, better and cheaper models in a couple of years. In summary, this paper addresses the major benefits and risks associated with using commercial and industrial parts in military products, and suggests a risk mitigation approach to ensure a smooth development phase, and predictable performance from the end product.
The beta-binomial distribution for estimating the number of false rejections in microarray gene expression studies

In differential expression analysis of microarray data, it is common to assume independence among null hypotheses (and thus gene expression levels). The independence assumption implies that the number of false rejections V follows a binomial distribution and leads to an estimator of the empirical false discovery rate (eFDR). The number of false rejections V is modeled with the beta-binomial distribution. An estimator of the beta-binomial false discovery rate (bbFDR) is then derived. This approach accounts for how the correlation among non-differentially expressed genes influences the distribution of V. Permutations are used to generate the observed values for V under the null hypotheses and a beta-binomial distribution is fit to the values of V. The bbFDR estimator is compared to the eFDR estimator in simulation studies of correlated non-differentially expressed genes and is found to outperform the eFDR for certain scenarios. As an example, this method is also used to perform an analysis that compares the gene expression of soft-tissue sarcoma samples to normal-tissue samples.
A Behavioral Simulation Model for Metropolitan Policy Analysis and Planning: Residential Location and Housing Market Components of Urbansim

The growing demand for better coordination of metropolitan land use and transportation planning has led to the need for new analytical tools to examine the potential impacts of land-use and transpo...
Chiral discrimination in low-density hydrogen-bonded frameworks

The chiral organization in the host frameworks of 16 crystalline inclusion compounds, assembled from guanidinium ions and racemic mixtures of various substituted 4,4‘-biphenyldisulfonates or 4,4‘-binaphthyldisulfonate, was examined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These inclusion compounds adopt lamellar architectures as a consequence of hydrogen-bonded sheets consisting of complementary sulfonate moieties (S) and guanidinium (G) ions arranged in a quasihexagonal motif, which has proven pervasive in numerous other guanidinium organodisulfonates. The GS sheets were connected by the chiral organosulfonate “pillars,” which support inclusion cavities occupied by the guests. Only one of the 16 compounds crystallized as a conglomerate of enantiomorphs. Of the remaining 15 compounds, 5 crystallized as racemates, and 10 crystallized as pseudoracemates in which each crystal contained equal amounts of crystallographically disordered left- and right-handed pillars. This preference for pseudoracemates, which is...
Factors impacting perceptions of organizational cultural competence in voluntary child welfare

Abstract Introduction While cultural competence is important for all clients, it is particularly relevant in child welfare as disproportionality and disparities have been a long-standing problem (Barrett & George, 2005; Wulczyn, Fenner, Mattingly, & Snowden, 2012). Efforts to remediate these have been addressed from the standpoint of both policy and practice; however, the problem persists (Davidson, 2008; Drake et al., 2011; Garland, Landsverk, & Lau, 2003; Wulczyn et al., 2012). The current study was organized around the following research question: What individual and agency-specific factors impact child welfare workers' perceptions of organizational cultural competence? Materials and methods This cross-sectional quantitative study sampled 478 child welfare workers employed in eight voluntary agencies in a large northeastern state. Participants included those working in preventive services as well as in other capacities. The survey instrument was a written packet asking participants demographic questions along with questions about various aspects of job satisfaction, the psychological climate within their agency, and about the organizational cultural competence of the agency. Bivariate analysis was done to identify significant relationships between various factors and the outcome variable, organizational cultural competence. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify the best-fitting model for factors impacting workers' perceptions of organizational cultural competence based upon Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Results Four models were ultimately developed based upon the theoretical framework. The best fitting model indicated that being white or Caribbean, workers' perceptions of respect in the workplace, readiness for change, and innovativeness within the agency were predictive of workers' perceptions of organizational cultural competence ( X 2 = 45.75, p = 0.09). Other goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the final model was a strong one (RMSEA = 0.03; 90% CI for RMSEA = 0.00–0.05; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99). Discussion The current research indicates that agency environment is directly related to workers' perceptions of organizational cultural competence. This finding enables those evaluating services another avenue for assessing cultural competence. Since study results indicated factor loadings that were highest for perceptions of readiness for change (0.27) and respect (0.23), it would be advisable for agency administrators seeking to improve the cultural competence of their agencies to consider giving priority to addressing these areas. Additionally, creating a flexible work environment that encourages workers to be innovative could also bolster feelings of cultural competence. Finally, the current research also supports the need to develop a qualified minority workforce whose skills and abilities would be suitable for building social work leadership in the long-term.
Virtual transparency: Introducing parallax view into video see-through AR

In this poster, we present the idea of “virtual transparency” for video see-through AR. In fully synthetic 3D graphics, head-tracked motion parallax has been shown to be a powerful depth cue for understanding the structure of the virtual world. To leverage head-tracked motion parallax in video see-through AR, the view of the virtual and physical world must change together in response to head motion. We present a system for accomplishing this, and discuss the benefits and limitations of our approach.
Intracellular [Ca2+] and K+ and Cl- efflux responses in submandibular cells of neonatal and adult rats.

Abstract The effects of graded doses (5 × 10 −8 to 10 −5 ) acetylcholine on intracellular Ca 2+ and on 86 Rb and 36 Cl efflux were compared in submandibular cell clusters of 1 and 7 day-old and adult rats. Initial Ca 2+ peaks were similar at agonists concentrations lower than 10 −7 M but the release of Rb + and Cl − were smaller in cells of young animals.At higher agonist concentrations, Ca 2+ peaks were higher in immature cells; however, initial Cl − (but not Rb + ) efflux was similar to that of mature cells. Plateau Ca 2+ levels were independent of age and agonist concentrations but the content of Cl − and Rb + varied greatly and differences between age groups were less evident. These data confirm a dissociation between intracellular Ca 2+ levels and Ca 2+ -mediated ion transport in immature salivary cells.
Monte Carlo methods for short polypeptides

Nonphysical sampling Monte Carlo techniques that enable average structural properties of short in vacuo polypeptide chains to be calculated accurately are discussed. Updating algorithms developed for Monte Carlo studies of flexible polymer chains are modified and adapted for polypeptide chain systems to improve conformational sampling. Utilizing these methods, the effect of bond angle and bond length constraints in Monte Carlo simulations are examined and it is demonstrated that angle constraints bias structural averages without greatly reducing the computational work.
Trace metals in an urbanized estuarine sea turtle food web in San Diego Bay, CA.

Abstract San Diego Bay is an anthropogenically impacted waterway that is also a critical habitat for many sensitive species such as the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) . In this study, we quantified trace metal concentrations in sediment and organisms composing the green sea turtle diet, and identified bioaccumulation patterns for a suite of trace metals. We found Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn exhibited the highest bioaccumulation levels in this food web. Cu and Mn concentrations in resident biota displayed a strong spatial gradient from the mouth to the head of the Bay, which was different from the patterns found in the sediment itself. Sediment median concentrations followed a general pattern across the bay of Al > Mn > Cu ≈ Zn > Pb > As > Cd > Ag > Se > Hg. In contrast, eelgrass displayed differential patterns in the mouth versus the back of the Bay (three front Bay sites: Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Se > Cd ≈ Ag > As; five back Bay sites: Mn > Al > Zn > Cu > Pb ≈ Se > Cd > Ag > Hg > As) with the exception of Shelter Island where levels of Zn and Cu were elevated as a result of anti-fouling paint pollution. Observed differences between sediment and biota metal patterns are likely due to complex processes related to trace metals input and bioavailability, habitat characteristics and specific metabolic functioning of the trace metals for each member of the food web. These data highlight the fact that for the San Diego Bay ecosystem, the current use of toxicity reference values scaled up from sediment and invertebrate testing ex-situ is likely to be inaccurate when transposed to the green sea turtle. Here, we illustrate how identifying spatial variability in metal exposure can improve our understanding of habitat utilization by sea turtles in highly urbanized estuaries. Monitoring contaminants directly in food webs of sensitive vertebrates may greatly improve our understanding of their direct and indirect exposure to potentially deleterious contamination, and should be considered in the future to improve traditional risk assessment approaches.
T lymphocyte subsets in patients with malignant melanoma

T lymphocyte subset profiles were determined by monoclonal antibodies on cryopreserved peripheral blood lymphocytes from 57 patients with malignant melanoma and 19 healthy controls. Quantitation of percentages of total T cells (OKT3.PAN), helper (OKT4.IND) or suppressor (OKT8.SUP) cells, and the ratio of helper/suppressor subsets revealed no correlation of these markers with stage of disease or clinical outcome. A sequential study of these markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes from three stage I melanoma patients with subsequent recurrent disease showed no fluctuations that could be correlated to tumor progression. This study indicates that there is no systemic imbalance in T cell subsets in malignant melanoma and that quantitation of these subsets cannot predict the clinical course of this disease.
Copidosoma truncatellum: Effect of Temperature on the Developmental Rate, Duration of Emergence, and Longevity

The developmental time of Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman) in the host Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) was studied at 7 constant temperatures; 14.8, 20.2, 23.5, 2S.0, 28.9, 32.3, and 35.6°C. At temperatures of 14.8 and 28.9°C the times from egg to first adult emergence were 122.9 and 22.4 days; the durations of adult emergence from the host were 10.8 and 2.9 days; and the durations of a generation were 162.7 and 31.2 days, respectively. At 32.3°C, the parasitized host and the parasites died during the late instars of the host. At 35.6°C, the host eggs did not hatch. Longevity of adult female C. truncatellum fed on a diet of 20% levulose solution was 30.3 days at 14.8°C and 2.8 days at 35.6°C. An examination at 25°C shows synchronization of the parasite to host T. ni to be nearly perfect.
Complete automation of future grid for optimal real-time distribution of renewables

In this paper, we present a novel distributed control technique to distribute renewable energy resources to consumers in a future large-scale power grid connecting real-time end-use devices to anticipate demand automatically. The proposed technique, which integrates tie-set graph theory with an intelligent agent system, effectively divides the power grid into a set of loops. Autonomous agents constantly navigate the grid to dynamically synchronize state information among tie-sets and completely automate the future power grid. The supply and load of electric power at every instant can be balanced even if the future load is uncertain and renewable generation is highly variable and unpredictable. Simulation results on a one hundred-node network demonstrate the optimal real-time distribution of renewables and thus the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Outcomes of patients with teeth in the line of mandibular angle fractures treated with stable internal fixation

Abstract Purpose: This study examines the relationship between postoperative infection and/or need for plate removal with the presence and management of teeth in the line of mandibular angle fractures. Methods: Data were collected on patients treated by intraoral open reduction and internal fixation for fractures of the mandibular angle during an 8-year period. Outcome variables were postoperative infection and need for removal of the bone plate(s). The relationships of demographic variables, teeth in the line of fracture, and management of teeth in the line of fracture were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results: Four hundred two patients had sufficient follow-up for inclusion in the study. A tooth was present in the fracture line 85% of the time. Teeth in the fracture were removed in 75% of the fractures that contained teeth. Postoperative complications occurred in 19% of the sample. Fractures not containing teeth at the time of fracture had a 15.8% rate of postoperative infection compared with 19.1% for patients who had teeth in the fracture ( P = NS). For angle fractures associated with a tooth, when the tooth was retained, the incidence of infection was 19.5%. When the tooth was removed, the incidence was 19.0% ( P = NS). Conclusions: There is an increased risk for postoperative complications when a tooth is present, but the increase is not statistically significant. The incidence of postoperative infection and/or the need for plate removal is not affected by whether the tooth in the fracture is removed. © 2002 American Assoication of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:863-865, 2002
MHD/particle simulations of radiation belt dynamics

Abstract Particle fluxes in the outer radiation belts can show substantial variation in time, over scales ranging from a few minutes, such as during the sudden commencement phase of geomagnetic storms, to the years-long variations associated with the progression of the solar cycle. As the energetic particles comprising these belts can pose a hazard to human activity in space, considerable effort has gone into understanding both the source of these particles and the physics governing their dynamical behavior. Computationally tracking individual test particles in a model magnetosphere represents a very direct, physically-based approach to modeling storm-time radiation belt dynamics. Using global magnetohydrodynamic models of the Earth–Sun system coupled with test particle simulations of the radiation belts, we show through two examples that such simulations are capable of capturing the outer zone radiation belt configuration at a variety of time scales and through all phases of a geomagnetic storm. Such simulations provide a physically-based method of investigating the dynamics of the outer radiation zone, and hold promise as a viable method of providing global nowcasts of the radiation environment during geomagnetically active periods.
Human Wayfinding, Environment-Behavior Relationships, and Artificial Intelligence

Human wayfinding is a goal-directed process of determining routes through an unfamiliar environment. Understanding wayfinding behavior has important implications for our ability to explain and predict spatial behavior and for our attempts to plan and design the built environment for human use. This article reviews research on wayfinding in built environments. Two distinct yet complementary research perspectives are discussed: the environment-behavior and the artificial intelligence approaches to understanding wayfinding. Closer linkages between these perspectives have implications at both the theoretical and applied levels.
Service Life of Corroding Galvanized Culverts Embedded in Controlled Low-Strength Materials

The service life of culverts is often defined by the time, or some factor thereof, in which it takes for corrosion to perforate the pipe material. Significant work has been performed in developing and modifying existing models to accurately predict the service life of these culverts for different environments. These existing models are often used for engineered backfill materials, i.e., materials other than natural soils. Limited work has been performed on whether the existing models can adequately predict the service life of culvert materials embedded in engineered fill materials. This research investigated the corrosion performance of galvanized steel culvert embedded in 13 different controlled low-strength materials (CLSM). A model was developed to predict the service life, using statistically significant variables, of galvanized steel culverts embedded in CLSM. The results indicate that existing models for the service life estimates of galvanized culvert embedded in soil are not correlated to the service life model developed in this research and that existing models should not be used for culverts embedded in CLSM.
The fate of pea enation mosaic virus in its pea aphid vector, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris).

Abstract The fate of pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) in its primary vector the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was studied by ultrathin sectioning and conventional transmission electron microscopy. PEMV virions were highly concentrated in the lumen of the midgut and hindgut, and also invaded a variety of tissues in the vector. Virions were detected in viroplasmlike areas, in defined structures in the cytoplasm, and in the nuclei of midgut epithelial cells. Virions also were seen in electron-dense areas in the cytoplasm of midgut muscle cells and hemocytes. Electron-dense structures containing viruslike particles occurred in the cytoplasm of the fat body. Organs and tissues in which PEMV could not be detected include the epidermis, mycetome, ovaries, tracheal system, foregut and hindgut epithelium and musculature, skeletal musculature, eye tissues, nervous system, and salivary system.
A Perfect Fit: Connecting Family Therapy Skills To Family Business Needs

The purpose of this article is to encourage family therapists to become more interested in family business practice. It does so in three ways: (a) highlighting the number of therapists already involved in family business issues; (b) showing the parallels between family business and family therapy by applying family business research findings to couples therapy; (c) discussing how family therapists already have the practice wisdom to be effective in working with family business clients. Limitations of this practice are also discussed along with suggestions for overcoming them.
Staurosporine-induced versus spontaneous squamous metaplasia in pre- and postmenopausal breast tissue.

Breast cancers from pre- vs. postmenopausal women display unique characteristics that may be related to differences in epithelial differentiation between these two populations. In addition to lobular development, lactational changes, and involution, breast epithelium can undergo metaplastic alterations, often in association with carcinoma. Because protein kinase C (PKC) regulates differentiation and proliferation in many cell types, we asked whether modulation of PKC activity could define biochemical differences in breast epithelium from pre- vs. postmenopausal women. Organ cultures of normal human breast were treated with PKC agonists and antagonists. Epithelial differentiation was evaluated based on morphologic criteria and the expression of cell-type specific proteins. Staurosporine, a nonspecific but extremely potent inhibitor of PKC, induced squamous metaplasia in eight of eight cases within 2 weeks of treatment. Other inhibitors of PKC, such as calphostin C and tamoxifen, had no effect on epithelial differentiation. Long-term treatment with phorbol esters also did not induce squamous metaplasia. However, stimulation of cAMP levels by forskolin and isobutyl-methyl-xanthene (IMX) rapidly induced squamous metaplasia, as has been previously reported. Surprisingly, squamous metaplasia occurred in 10 of 12 cultures derived from postmenopausal women in the absence of exogenous agents. Untreated cultures derived from premenopausal women never developed this type of epithelium (0 of 11). Therefore, breast epithelium from pre- and postmenopausal women responded differently to in vitro culture. Forskolin/IMX or staurosporine can reproduce these conditions, acting independent of menopausal status. Because staurosporine's action was unique among PKC inhibitors, staurosporine may induce squamous metaplasia of breast epithelium by a PKC-independent mechanism. J. Cell. Physiol. 176:245–254, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dendrimer-enabled transformation of Chlamydia trachomatis

Abstract Lack of a system for genetic manipulation of Chlamydia trachomatis has been a key challenge to advancing understanding the molecular genetic basis of virulence for this bacterial pathogen. We developed a non-viral, dendrimer-enabled system for transformation of this organism and used it to characterize the effects of inserting the common 7.5 kbp chlamydial plasmid into strain L2(25667R), a C. trachomatis isolate lacking it. The plasmid was cloned in pUC19 and the clone complexed to polyamidoamine dendrimers, producing ∼83 nm spherical particles. Nearly confluent McCoy cell cultures were infected with L2(25667R) and reference strain L2(434). At 16 h post-infection, medium was replaced with dendrimer–plasmid complexes in medium lacking additives (L2(25667R)) or with additive-free medium alone (L2(434)). Three h later complexes/buffer were removed, and medium was replaced; cultures were harvested at various times post-transformation for analyses. Real time PCR and RT-PCR of nucleic acids from transformed cultures demonstrated plasmid replication and gene expression. A previous report indicated that one or more plasmid-encoded product govern(s) transcription of the glycogen synthase gene (glgA) in standard strains. In L2(25667R) the gene is not expressed, but transformants of that strain given the cloned chlamydial plasmid increase glgA expression, as does L2(434). The cloned plasmid is retained, replicated, and expressed in transformants over at least 5 passages, and GFP is expressed when transformed into growing L2(25667R). This transformation system will allow study of chlamydial gene function in pathogenesis.
Dodecafoam and substitution tilings

Abstract We discuss substitution tilings, certain hierarchical, highly structured tilings in the plane or more general geometric spaces. We use “Dodecafoam” as an artful, appealing example.
Organization of sensory cortex in the East African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).

We investigated the organization of neocortex in the East African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) with microelectrode recordings from sensory areas that were later correlated with cytochrome oxidase patterns in sections of flattened cortex. The location of corticospinal projecting neurons was also examined and related to sensory areas by making small injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the spinal cord. Our goals were to determine how hedgehog cortex is organized, how much sensory areas overlap, and to compare results with recent findings in other insectivores. Evidence was found for three separate topographically organized somatosensory areas, two visual areas, and a caudolateral auditory area. A medial somatosensory area corresponded to S1, the primary somatosensory area, whereas two lateral areas partially encircled auditory cortex and corresponded to the parietal ventral area (PV) and the secondary somatosensory area (S2). Primary visual cortex (V1) was delineated by a caudomedial cytochrome oxidase dark oval, and a more lateral visual area between V1 and somatosensory cortex corresponded to V2, or area 18. Two patches of corticospinal projecting cells were found primarily overlapping S1 and S2. Some bimodal auditory and somatosensory responses were found in parts of PV and S2, but for the most part, areas had relatively sharp histochemically apparent and physiologically defined borders. The present results indicate that the caudal neocortex of hedgehogs has only a few sensory areas, corresponding to those commonly found in several other small-brained mammals. Hedgehog cortical organization differs significantly in somatotopy, number, and position of fields from that of closely related shrews and moles. Thus, clear specializations occur, even within the order Insectivora. J. Comp. Neurol. 421:256–274, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High energy organophosphate levels in the myocardia of cold acclimated and cold-hypoxic freshwater turtles, Chrysemys picta

Abstract 1. 1. Hearts of active, cold-acclimated, and cold-acclimated hypoxic turtles were assayed for their content of ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphocreatine. 2. 2. Energy levels showed a significant discharge during the first 2 weeks of cold and cold-hypoxia, but remained relatively stable during an additional 2 weeks of cold exposure. 3. 3. The functional importance of these changes is discussed.
Tetravalent Uranium in Calcite

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence microprobe studies of 35-million-year-old calcite from a Mississippi Valley-type zinc ore deposit indicate substitution of tetravalent uranium for divalent calcium. Thus, tetravalent uranium has a stable location in calcite deposited under reducing conditions. This result validates uranium-series dating methods (including uranium/lead dating) for ancient calcite and shows that calcite provides a sink for uranium in deep groundwater aquifers and anoxic lacustrine and marine basins.
The chromosome cycle in the rotifer asplanchna amphora

The diploid number of twenty-six chromosomes was found in the mature parthenogenetic female-producing eggs and also in the somatic cells of the female embryos developing from such eggs. In the maturation stages of a few of these eggs the chromosomes were markedly larger than in the corresponding stages of the majority of the eggs. Whether this size difference of the chromosomes is correlated with male- and female-producing individuals has not been determined. The mature parthenogenetic male-producing eggs contain the haploid number of thirteen chromosomes, and this number was found also in the somatic cells of the young male embryos. The mature sexual eggs contain thirteen chromosomes. In spermatogenesis the secondary spermatocyte divisions are usually omitted and the secondary spermatocytes develop directly into the motile spermatozoa containing thirteen chromosomes. A few, however, of the secondary spermatocytes divide, forming spermatids containing fewer than thirteen chromosomes. These cells develop into the non-motile and rudimentary spermatozoa. The motile spermatozoa containing thirteen chromosomes unite with the parthenogenetic male-producing eggs containing thirteen chromosomes, thus producing the fertilized eggs with the diploid number of twenty-six chromosomes. These fertilized eggs develop into female-producing females which reproduce parthenogenetically.
Changes in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism genes during three phases of bud dormancy in leafy spurge

Underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) undergo three well-defined phases of dormancy, para-, endo-, and ecodormancy. In this study, relationships among genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and bud dormancy were examined after paradormancy release (growth induction) by decapitation and in response to seasonal signals. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of carbohydrate metabolism genes at different phases of bud dormancy. Among differentially-regulated genes, expression of a specific Euphorbia esula β-amylase gene (Ee-BAM1) increased 100-fold after growth induction and 16,000-fold from July (paradormancy) to December (ecodormancy). Sequence data analysis indicated that two genes, Ee-BAM1 and Ee-BAM2, could encode this β-amylase. However, real-time PCR using gene-specific primer pairs only amplified Ee-BAM1, indicating that Ee-BAM2 is either specific to other organs or not abundant. The deduced amino acid sequences of these two genes are very similar at the N-terminal but differ at the C-terminal. Both contain a nearly identical, predicted 48-amino acid plastid transit peptide. Immunoblot analyses identified a 29 kD (mature Ee-BAM1 after cleavage of the transit peptide) and a 35 kD (unprocessed EeBAM1) protein. Both 35 and 29 kD proteins were constitutively expressed in growth-induced and seasonal samples. Immunolocalization indicated that Ee-BAM1 is in the cytosol of cells at the shoot tip of the bud. Ee-BAM1 also surrounds the amyloplasts in mature cells toward the base of the bud. These observations suggests that Ee-BAM1 may have dual functions; serving as reserve protein in the cytosol and as a degrading enzyme at the surface of amyloplasts.
Corresponding residue systems in cyclic extensions of prime degree over algebraic number fields

Abstract Let D F denote the ring of integers in an algebraic number field F and L F a Galois extension. Let K and K′ be intermediate fields with K ∩ K′ = F. The unique minimal ambiguous ideal U of D L such that D K + U = D K′ + U is denoted by M (K, K′). It can be determined trivially unless [K:F] = [K′:F] = pr, a prime power. If K F and K′ F are cyclic of prime degree p, we determine M (K, K′) in terms of the ramification invariants of ramified primes in L F . For example, suppose L = K·K′ and B is a prime divisor of L, totally ramified in L F . Let t( L F ) denote the first ramification number of B in L F . Let t = min ( t( K F ) , t( K′ F ) ), and t 1 = t( L F ) . Then M (K, K′) is exactly divisible by B M, where M = p(t+1)−t1.
Molecular lithography for wafer-scale fabrication of molecular junctions

High-resolution patterning is critical for the development of functional devices and sensors with nanometer dimensions. To date, no patterning methodology exists with the capability to produce molecular-scale features reliably over an entire wafer. In this paper, a lithographic process is presented to fabricate pairs of electrodes reproducibly with nanometer-scale resolution quickly, efficiently, and economically. Additionally, this work demonstrates that molecules of interest can be added to, or removed from, patterned molecular junctions. This novel technology provides a relatively simple and economical means to produce devices capable of monitoring the addition of molecules to a structure.
In vivo and in vitro responses to autologous IgG in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The presence of rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis remains unexplained and may be etiologically important. An attempt has been made to determine whether patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis show basic immunologic responses to IgG. Various immunologic parameters of antigen recognition were measured in 9 patients and 3 controls. No immediate or delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was noted to native or aggregated autologous IgG, nor could in vitro lymphocyte blast cell transformation be induced with these proteins. Rebuck skin windows showed no unusual responsiveness to native IgG. The negative results indicate that either IgG is not the immunogen responsible for rheumatoid factor or that patients with rheumatoid arthritis retain a state of partial tolerance. Evidence supporting the concept that rheumatoid factor may interfere with the phlogistic potential of aggregated γ-globulin was also found.
Thematic Repetition as Rhetorical Technique

While several strategies have been credited for enhancing the rhetorical acceptability of important historical works in scientific and technical writing, little attention has been paid to William H...
Oral mucoceles: a clinicopathologic review of 1,824 cases, including unusual variants.

Purpose To review the clinicopathologic features of oral mucoceles, with special consideration given to unusual variants and exclusion of salivary duct cysts. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective consecutive case review of all oral mucoceles diagnosed by the Medical University of South Carolina, Oral Pathology Biopsy Laboratory, from 1997 to 2006. The following data were recorded: patient demographics, clinical features (anatomic location, color, size, and consistency), clinical impression, history of trauma, history of periodic rupture, and occurrence of unusual mucocele variants. Results During the study period, 1,824 oral mucoceles were diagnosed. Of these cases, 1,715 represented histopathologically confirmed cases that were not recurrences. There was no significant gender predilection, and the average age was 24.9 years. The most common locations were the lower labial mucosa (81.9%), floor of mouth (5.8%), ventral tongue (5.0%), and buccal mucosa (4.8%); infrequent sites included the palate (1.3%) and retromolar area (0.5%). The lesions most often were described as blue/purple/gray or normal in color. The mean maximum diameter was 0.8 cm (range, 0.1 to 4.0 cm). In 456 cases, a history of trauma was reported, and in 366 cases a history of periodic rupture was reported. Unusual variants included superficial mucoceles (n = 3), mucoceles with myxoglobulosis (n = 6), and mucoceles with papillary synovial metaplasialike change (n = 2). Conclusions Our results confirm the findings of previous investigators regarding the major clinicopathologic features of oral mucoceles. Special variants of oral mucoceles occur infrequently, although it is important to recognize these variants to avoid misdiagnosis.
Measurement Of The Refractive-Index Structure Parameter By Incoherent Aperture Scintillation Techniques

The current status of large aperture scintillation techniques for refractive index structure parameter measurement is reviewed, instrument design considerations and limitations are discussed, and a new incoherent aperture profiling system is described.
Micro- and nanoscale technologies for tissue engineering and drug discovery applications

Micro- and nanoscale technologies are emerging as powerful enabling tools for tissue engineering and drug discovery. In tissue engineering, micro- and nanotechnologies can be used to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds with increased complexity and vascularization. Furthermore, these technologies can be used to control the cellular microenvironment (i.e., cell-cell, cell-matrix and cell-soluble factor interactions) in a reproducible manner and with high temporal and spatial resolution. In drug discovery, miniaturized platforms based on micro- and nanotechnology can be used to precisely control the fluid flow, enable high-throughput screening, and minimize sample or reagent volumes. In addition, these systems enhance reproducibility and significantly reduce reaction times. This paper reviews the recent developments in the field of micro- and nanoscale technology and gives examples of their tissue engineering and drug discovery applications.