cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of SOI film thickness on high-performance microprocessor by 0.13 /spl mu/m Partially-Depleted SOI CMOS technology

This paper describes how SOI film thickness affects performance and power consumption of a Partially-Depleted (PD) SOI microprocessor. System level speed/power performance will be compared directly between chips fabricated with different SOI film thickness. The performance improvement is also supported by device level and macro circuit level comparison. Yield issues associated with thinner SOI will also be addressed.
Design and Characterization of MEMS Optical Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurement

Abstract : This paper presents the design and characterization of an intensity modulated optical lever microphone. Optical microphones (OM) have an inherent immunity to environments hostile to electronics due to the spatial separation of the electronics and the acoustic field under test. Theoretical equations for the sensitivity, minimum detectable signal, and frequency response are presented. Physical phenomena responsible for limiting the microphone minimum detectable signal (MDS) are identified, and a model is developed for use with a laser diode as the light source. The characterization of the microphone indicates an overall sensitivity of 0.5 mV/Pa, a linear response up to 132dB ref. 20 uPa, and an overall noise floor of 70dB measured at 1kHz over a 1Hz bin.
Normal modes of symmetric protein assemblies. Application to the tobacco mosaic virus protein disk.

We use group theoretical methods to study the molecular dynamics of symmetric protein multimers in the harmonic or quasiharmonic approximation. The method explicitly includes the long-range correlations between protein subunits. It can thus address collective dynamic effects, such as cooperativity between subunits. The n lowest-frequency normal modes of each individual subunit are combined into symmetry coordinates for the entire multimer. The Hessian of the potential energy is thereby reduced to a series of blocks of order n or 2n. In the quasiharmonic approximation, the covariance matrix of the atomic oscillations is reduced to the same block structure by an analogous set of symmetry coordinates. The method is applied to one layer of the tobacco mosaic virus protein disk in vacuo, to gain insight into the role of conformational fluctuations and electrostatics in tobacco mosaic virus assembly. The system has 78,000 classical, positional, degrees of freedom, yet the calculation is reduced by symmetry to a problem of order 4,600. Normal modes in the 0–100 cm-1 range were calculated. The calculated correlations extend mainly from each subunit to its nearest neighbors. The network of core helices has weak correlations with the rest of the structure. Similarly, the inner loops 90–108 are uncorrelated with the rest of the structure. Thus, the model predicts that the dielectric response in the RNA-binding region is mainly due to the loops alone.
Tourette syndrome: successful treatment with clonidine and oxycodone

A 15-year-old boy with Tourette's syndrome exhibited severe involuntary self-mutilatory behavior. While clonidine effectively controlled the motor and phonic tics, it failed to ameliorate the self-mutilatory behavior. Administration of oxycodone (50 mg/day) combined with clonidine produced a dramatic reduction in the frequency and severity of the self-mutilatory acts within 12 h. This report indicates that disturbances in the functional interplay between the noradrenergic and opiatergic systems may be important in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome.
Is There a Spectral Theory for All Bounded Linear Operators

What Is Spectral Theory? By spectral theory we mean the theory of structure of certain bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space. In a broader sense, the history of spectral theory goes way back to the nineteenth century, when the objects of study used to be infinite systems of linear equations and integral equations. The subject was revolutionized in the late 1920s by von Neumann, when he defined the notion of an abstract Hilbert space and considered bounded linear operators on it. In this modern sense a successful spectral theory was soon obtained by Riesz for all compact operators as a direct extension of the theory of finite square matrices. By the early 1930s, von Neumann had obtained a satisfactory spectral theory for all normal operators, with self adjoint (or Hermitian) operators and unitary operators as important special cases. Spectral theory has evolved further since then; a vast amount of work was done on extending spectral theory to various Banach algebras. However, efforts to extend spectral theory to all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space have met with resistance so far. This will be the problem we concentrate on in this article. To be explicit, the problem we consider is the existence of a
PREDNISONE IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Abstract Fourteen patients with typical Duchenne muscular dystrophy were treated with prednisone for up to 28 months. Thirteen patients showed improvement in motor power and muscular activities while on prednisone. In eight of these, the improvement has been maintained for up to 28 months, while in five others deterioration has occurred while on medication. Creatine-phospho-kinase levels did not correlate with the clinical status of the patients; in nine patients they fell by more than 45% at first, but subsequently returned to pre-treatment levels. Prednisone may provide a useful palliative treatment for some patients with the Duchenne form of dystrophy.
Designs of Multiple Microchannel Heat Transfer Systems

In this paper, two different configurations of multiple microchannel heat sinks with fluid flow are investigated for electronic cooling: straight and U-shaped channel designs. Numerical models are utilized to study the multiphysics behavior in the microchannels and validated by comparisons with experimental results. Three responses, including thermal resistance, pressure drop, and maximum temperature, are parametrically modeled with respect to various variables such as dimensions of the channels, total number of channels, and flow rate. Multi-objective optimization problems, which minimize the thermal resistance and the pressure drop simultaneously, are formulated and studied. Physical constraints in terms of channel height, maximum temperature, and pressure are further investigated. The Pareto frontiers are studied and the trade-off behavior between the thermal resistance and the pressure drop are discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Baroclinic instability in the interiors of the giant planets: A cooling history of Uranus?

We propose a quasigeostrophic, baroclinic model for heat transport within the interior of a stably stratified Jovian planet, based on motion in thin cylindrical annuli. Density decreases from the center outward and is zero at the surface of the planet. In the homogeneous case (no core), we find instability for the poles hotter than the equator, but not for the reverse. If the motion is bounded by an impenetrable core, instability occurs for both cases. Much of the behavior can be explained by analogy to conventional baroclinic instability theory. Motivated by our results, we explore a possible connection between the highly inclined rotation axis of Uranus and its anomalously low surface heat flux. We assume that the planets formed hot. Our conjecture is that heat was efficiently convected outwards by baroclinic instability in Uranus (with the poles hotter than the equator), but not in the other three Jovian planets. The surface temperature was higher for the stably stratified case (Uranus), leading to a higher rate of infrared emission and faster cooling. Therefore, we propose that Uranus lost its internal heat sooner than Neptune because baroclinic motions, permitted by its inclination to the sun, were able to extract its internal heat while the surface was still warm.
A Tale of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction

In this review of heart disease, Nabel and Braunwald focus on two themes — coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction — and explain how our understanding has evolved over the past two centuries. The authors consider therapies that have led to improved survival.
Control of Arthropods on Apple Selections with Scab (Ascomycetes: Mycophaerellacea) and European Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Resistance

Use of pest and disease resistant cultivars in pest management is an alternative to commercial apple production that depends on use of chemical pesticides. Over a 3-yr period, we produced fruit that were 86% free of damage by key pests using selections with apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint, and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) resistance and three critically timed sprays of either fenvalerate or foamer. Although we did not use one, a fungicide may be needed to produce fruit that would grade well if summer diseases, Glades Pomona (Schw.) Colby and Leptothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) sacc. are a problem. The management program for these resistant selections produced a crop of undamaged fruit comparable with one that would be produced with a calendar-based spray program on commercially grown cultivars susceptible to pests and diseases. The cost of a program including eight sprays of insecticides, fungicides, and acaricides recommended in Indiana for apple production is $1,387.48 per season per hectare for cultivars not resistant to pests. This cost was reduced to $84.90 with phosmet or $240.00 per hectare with fen valerate for the season when resistant selections were used. Summer disease control was not considered in our investigation but, if needed, two sprays of fungicide would cost $77.40 per season per hectare. Fruit damage related to rootstock or selection differences (or both) previously reported were not found, suggesting perhaps a masking of such effects by pesticide.
Dynamic, mating-induced gene expression changes in female head and brain tissues of Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster females show changes in behavior and physiology after mating that are thought to maximize the number of progeny resulting from the most recent copulation. Sperm and seminal fluid proteins induce post-mating changes in females, however, very little is known about the resulting gene expression changes in female head and central nervous system tissues that contribute to the post-mating response. We determined the temporal gene expression changes in female head tissues 0-2, 24, 48 and 72 hours after mating. Females from each time point had a unique post-mating gene expression response, with 72 hours post-mating having the largest number of genes with significant changes in expression. At most time points, genes expressed in the head fat body that encode products involved in metabolism showed a marked change in expression. Additional analysis of gene expression changes in dissected brain tissues 24 hours post-mating revealed changes in transcript abundance of many genes, notably, the reduced transcript abundance of genes that encode ion channels. Substantial changes occur in the regulation of many genes in female head tissues after mating, which might underlie aspects of the female post-mating response. These results provide new insights into the physiological and metabolic changes that accompany changes in female behaviors.
Constrained map-based inventory estimation

Summary A region can conceptually be tessellated into polygons at different scales or resolutions. Likewise, samples can be taken from the region to determine the value of a polygon variable for each scale. Sampled polygons can be used to estimate values for other polygons at the same scale. However, estimates should be compatible across the different scales. Estimates are often required for zones within a region, where a region might be a state and counties could be the zones. A method is developed for estimating high-resolution (pixel) values that are constrained to be compatible with results for lower resolution values. The high-resolution values are constrained to sum to totals for zones within a region, where the totals are being simultaneously estimated from measurements taken at a different scale. If the zone estimates are unbiased, then the pixel-based estimates for the zone will be less biased. Sums of pixels in arbitrary polygons are thereby constrained to approach unbiased estimates. Approximate variance estimators are developed for the summed pixel estimates. Two example applications are provided. The fi rst example is based on simulated data and verifi es that the proposed variance estimators give reasonable results. The second example estimates the volume in a circle around a possible mill site in North Carolina. This example uses publicly available US Forest Service inventory data and simulated inventory data that the mill would provide.
Vomiting and gastric electrical dysrhythmia in dogs.

Background: The correlation between gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the association of GMA with vomiting induced by retrograde gastric electrical stimulation or duodenal balloon distention. Methods: Ten dogs were involved in this study. Vomiting was induced by retrograde gastric electrical stimulation in 6 dogs and by duodenal balloon distention in 4 dogs. Computerized spectral analysis and visual analysis were applied to detect the GMA change during various periods before and after vomiting. Results: Gastric dysrhythmia preceded vomiting but was of brief duration. The major pattern of dysrhythmia immediately before vomiting was tachyarrhythmia and gastric slow wave was completely uncoupled before vomiting. Gastric dysrhythmia and slow wave uncoupling were also noticed immediately after vomiting but the dogs recovered quickly. The major pattern of dysrhythmia after vomiting was arrhythm...
Imperial Religious Policy and Valerian's Persecution of the Church, A.D. 257–260

The persecution instituted by the emperor Valerian (AD. 253–260) long has presented modern scholars with several important problems. One of the most pressing questions concerns the reasons behind Valerian's sudden shift in religious policy in 257. Prior to that time the church was largely undisturbed, but the years 257–258 witnessed a series of increasingly severe imperial edicts directed against Christianity. What prompted this sudden reversal of imperial religious policy in 257? Moreover, given the change in the official position, what was the nature of this revised religious policy? The overall picture that emerges out of an attempt to answer these questions indicates that the primary motives behind this persecution were, in fact, religious. Further, the government's religious outlook also encompassed certain related social aims. In order to deal with these issues effectively, however, one first must compare Valerian's religious policy to those of his predecessors from 249 to 253.
Contextualizing Change in Marital Satisfaction During Middle Age An 18-Year Longitudinal Study

To address the need for longitudinal marital research that takes contextual factors into account, we investigated change in women's marital satisfaction over 18 years of middle age. We examined not only whether marital satisfaction changed, but also why and how it changed. Marital satisfaction increased in middle age, and increased marital, but not life, satisfaction was linked to the transition to an empty nest. More specifically, the transition to an empty nest increased marital satisfaction via an increase in women's enjoyment of time with their partners, but not via an increase in the quantity of that time with partners. Also, increasing marital satisfaction was not attributable to changing partners. Taken together, these findings support the utility of applying a contextualized approach focused on major life transitions to the study of long-term change in marital satisfaction.
Scalable OSPF Updates for MANETs

Recently, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have evolved as an irreplaceable networking technology for situations with sparse or inexistent infrastructure. Adapting OSPFv3 to MANET environments has several advantages. The protocol has proven its maturity in the wired Internet and is now the de facto standard Intra-AS routing protocol. When used in wireless ad hoc networks with proper extensions, OSPFv3 can provide better interoperation between the ad hoc domain and the Internet. This is one of the essential requirements for any ad hoc networks (including wireless mesh networks) that require connectivity to the Internet. The main challenge is that since OSPF is highly optimized for wired-oriented environment, it needs further enhancement to be fully functional in ad hoc scenarios. The most serious obstacle is the large routing overhead associated with the frequent topology changes due to volatile wireless links and node mobility. Various overhead reduction schemes have been proposed by focusing on how to reduce hello packets, flooding nodes, or the number of adjacencies. We propose a completely different approach by taking into account the very essential characteristics of wireless ad hoc networks - namely, distance effect. We implemented the proposed scheme on a simulator that uses the real OSPFv3 as its routing module. The simulation experiments prove that the proposed scheme allows significant reduction in OSPF routing overhead at small loss of route optimality.
Estimation Diversity with Multiple Heterogeneous Sensors

We investigate distributed estimation based on measurements from multiple wireless sensors. For the same target, different sensors have different observations, which are modeled by additive observation noises of different variances. The observations are transmitted using (analog) amplify-and-forward transmissions from the sensors over non-ideal wireless channels to a fusion center, where they are combined to generate an estimate of the observed target. Our goal is to minimize total end-to-end distortion under certain power constraints, assuming the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) is used. We analyze the system outage performance, and show an achievable diversity gain of order K, which is the number of sensors. We also show that by turning off bad sensors, i.e., sensors with bad channels, we achieve adaptive power gain without losing diversity gain, where the adaptive power gain is similar to the array gain achieved in Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) systems when channel conditions are known to the transmitter.
Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing: an update.

Background In the late 1970s, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health identified two shoe manufacturing facilities where workers experienced relatively “pure” exposures to toluene. A mortality study was conducted through December 31, 1982. An original study did not detect elevated leukemia mortality but did detect increased lung cancer mortality. The present study is an update of the mortality of the original cohort. Methods The study cohort consisted of workers employed 1 month or more between 1940 and 1979 at two Ohio shoe manufacturing plants. Vital status was ascertained through December 31, 1999. Results Seven thousand eight hundred twenty eight workers, contributing 300,777 person years, were available for analysis. An excess of lung cancer deaths persisted with additional years of follow-up (SMR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.54). Trend tests did not indicate a positive trend between lung cancer risk and duration of employment. Mortality from leukemia was not significantly elevated in the updated analysis. Conclusions Results indicate a possible association between lung cancer mortality and exposure to chronic, low-levels of organic solvents. Although the strength of this conclusion was weakened by the lack of increasing lung cancer risk in relation to duration of employment, other studies have supported this association. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:535–546, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lanthanide-3d cyanometalate chains Ln(III)-M(III) (Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb; M=Fe) with the tridentate ligand 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz): evidence of ferromagnetic interactions for the Sm(III)-M(III) compounds (M=Fe, Cr).

A series of cyanide-bridged chain mixed Fe(III)/Ln(III) (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb) complexes with the tridentate ligand 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz) used as a capping group has been prepared. Reactions of tptz and LnCl3 with K3Fe(CN)6 yield a family of air-stable 1-D compounds {[Pr(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·8H2O}∞ (1), {[Nd(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·8H2O}∞ (2), {[Sm(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·8H2O}∞ (3), {[Eu(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·6H2O}∞ (4), {[Gd(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·6H2O}∞ (5), and {[Tb(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·8H2O}∞ (6). Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility studies of 1–6 reveal that in 3, the Sm(III) and Fe(III) ions are ferromagnetically coupled with 3-D ordering occurring below 3.5 K. The appearance of the frequency dependent out-of-phase signal is explained in terms of an ordering with a spin glass-like behavior. To compare the magnetic behavior of 3 with related compounds, {[Sm(tptz)(H2O)4Co(CN)6]·8H2O}∞ (7) and {[La(tptz)(DMF)(H2O)3Fe(CN)6]·5H2O}∞ (8), {[Sm(tmphen)(DMF)3(H2O)Fe(CN)6]·2H2O}∞ (9), {[Sm(tmphen)2(H2O)2Fe(CN)6]·MeOH·13H2O}∞ (10) and {[Sm(tmphen)2(H2O)2Cr(CN)6]·MeOH·9H2O}∞ (11) with 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmphen) were also prepared.
Modal analysis of dielectric channel waveguides, using a tensor product method

The effective propagation constants and electric field profiles of the propagating modes in dielectric channel waveguides are solved through a modification of the finite-element method called the product method. A tensor product of two one-dimensional spline spaces is used as the basis set for the two-dimensional electric field profiles. Schwartz distributions are used to treat discontinuities in the normal component of the electric field at discontinuities in the index profile. Comparisons of this method with analytically computed waveguide modes show that the product method is highly accurate: to more than six significant figures for the fundamental TE mode and to five significant figures for the fundamental TM mode.
Law Writing, Immigration, and Globalization in the British Virgin Islands

In this article Mr. Bill Maurer addresses a fundamental tension at work in the British Virgin Islands: while British Virgin Islanders (BVIslanders) proudly term themselves a "law and order" people and seek to distinguish themselves from other Caribbean peoples, the territory remains as wedded as ever to its British rulers and the West. Mr. Maurer first notes that when a colonial people begins to view itself as essentially different from its rulers, it may begin a concomitant move toward self-rule. He shows that while the BVI exhibits many attributes of such a territory, BVIslanders consider their ties to Britain a critical element of their uniqueness and thus self-rule is never seriously discussed. The author illustrates this paradox by describing the passage and effects of the BVI's International Business Companies Ordinance, a law that established the BVI as a tax haven. He argues that while BVIslanders are proud to call the law their first truly local one, in fact the local legislature was forced as a result of this law to submit to increased foreign regulatory scrutiny and to enact recommendations set out in a Coopers and Lybrand study commissioned by the British. He next points out that while BVIslanders support most aspects of the Ordinance, they have sharply criticized the implementation of a Crown-appointed board designed to oversee the dependent territories' financial services sector and guard against drug money laundering and other illicit activities. Mr. Maurer views this controversy as further evidence of the BVI's search for a national identity within the locally-accepted confines of colonial rule.
Privacy, Respect and the Virtues of Reticence in Kant

At a time when the public is increasingly exposed to public scandals, moral defences of privacy are hard to come by. Privacy, it is argued, is merely a cloak for deception and vice. Since the virtuous have nothing to hide, full disclosure of ourselves to others must be a moral obligation. Given the rigour with which Kant defends the prohibition on lying, many have inferred that Kantian ethics must be equally strict on the necessity of truth telling. Do we in fact owe others the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth?
Socking It to Cardiac Hypertrophy STIM1-Mediated Ca2+ Entry in the Cardiomyocyte

In the heart, increases in contractile load provoked by hypertension or valvular disease promote increases in cardiac mass through the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Injury or death to cardiomyocytes in a portion of the heart places a greater load on cells within uninjured areas and stimulates cellular hypertrophy. Similarly, in familial forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, defects in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere promote growth in the absence of a stimulus. Hypertrophic hearts are susceptible to abnormalities of cardiac rhythm and have impaired relaxation (diastolic dysfunction), although contractile performance can be preserved. However, when hypertrophic stimuli are unrelieved, the remodeling phenomenon progresses and increasing numbers of cardiomyocytes are replaced with fibrotic scar, which leads to decreased systolic function and circulatory failure. Article see p 796 Neurotransmitters or hormones that bind to cell surface receptors modulate the rate and force of contraction by regulating the flux of calcium across the cell membrane or released from the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER). In addition, Ca2+ signaling in the cardiomyocyte regulates the long-term remodeling responses of the heart to changing workloads by altering Ca2+-dependent gene expression and metabolism.1 In this way, Ca2+ can sense and respond to changes in muscle contraction through a link with hypertrophic gene expression.2 It is not intuitively obvious, however, how these Ca2+ signals could serve simultaneously as the proximate signal to control cardiac mass, specialized programs of gene expression, and the contractile and metabolic capacities of cardiomyocytes. Ca2+-dependent signaling events activated by increased contractile load somehow must be insensitive to the large fluctuations in cytosolic calcium that occur as a function of ambient contractile activity. This consideration may explain why although Ca2+-dependent signal transduction pathways that modulate gene expression have been well defined in other cell types for many years, …
Characteristics of applicants to the fellowship program in quality assurance and utilization review.

This article presents the first data on the charac teristics of applicants to the physician fellowship pro gram in quality assurance (QA) and utilization review (UR). Data presented about applicants include demo graphic characteristics, board and national certifi cations, specialties, license type, practice experience, and QA and UR experience. These data were obtained from individual applications for admission to the pro gram. They are used here to create a database for the program to generate future information on this new specialty group. Characteristics of current applica tions selected begin to define the members of the profession.
Aortic root thrombosis with coronary embolization following neo-aortic reconstruction in a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome

In the recent era, the diagnosis, treatment options, postoperative management and outcomes of infants born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have undergone dramatic changes. As is the case with many other novel treatment modalities used for congenital heart diseases, data concerning the long-term outcomes and complications of the various strategies become gradually more available as the numbers of survivors grow. In general, complications of the three-stage surgical palliation used for HLHS tend to occur most commonly following the first-stage surgery. Post-stage 2 complications are substantially less common, and centre on the procedure itself and the unique physiology of the cavopulmonary connection. In the following case report, we describe a relatively rare adverse outcome that occurred following a stage 2 surgery in the form of native aortic root thrombosis extending to the coronary arteries. The selected methods of treatment used in the catheterization laboratory and later in the operating theatre, as well as its outcomes are described.
Head-position-dependent Adaptation of Nonconcomitant Vertical Skew

Vertical phoria can be trained to vary with either head position or orbital eye position. The present experiments show that subjects can simultaneously adapt their eye-position-specific (nonconcomitant) vertical phorias in different directions at different head positions. Eye-position-dependent and head-position-dependent adaptive pathways, therefore, are not independent. Rather, the adaptation of vertical skew takes into account both eye and head position. In additional experiments, the magnitude of the nonconcomitant adaptive response was shown to be related to otolith output, increasing with head tilt ipsilateral to the tilt position at which training was received and decreasing in the contralateral direction.
Tropical Cyclone–Relative Environmental Helicity and the Pathways to Intensification in Shear

Abstract Tropical cyclone–relative environmental helicity (TCREH) is a measure of how the wind vector changes direction with height, and it has been shown to modulate the rate at which tropical cyclones (TCs) develop both in idealized simulations and in reanalysis data. The channels through which this modulation occurs remain less clear. This study aims to identify the mechanisms that lead to the observed variations in intensification rate. Results suggest that the difference in intensification rate between TCs embedded in positive versus negative TCREH primarily results from the position of convection and associated latent heat fluxes relative to the wind shear vector. When TCREH is positive, convection is more readily advected upshear and air parcels that experience larger fluxes are more frequently ingested into the TC core. Trajectories computed from high-resolution simulations demonstrate the recovery of equivalent potential temperature downwind of convection, latent heat flux near the TC core, and p...
Islam and Ecology: Southeast Asia, Adat, and the Essence of Keramat

The gradual “ecological genocide” of our times demands not only a transnational critical investigation but an ecumenical and interreligious query as well. In this paper, I will juxtapose the views of Lynn White (Christian) and Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Muslim) with respect to nature and religion. What the two share, is the analysis that the rift between culture (Western ethos) and nature is the cause of the environmental crisis. By way of reference to Malay adat, and the example of keramat, this paper argues that the key component for the establishment of a harmonious ethos cannot be maintained without re-envisioning the sacred in nature. Within the context of South East Asia, the example of the Minanagkabau can serve as a model in which culture is shaped by nature. It is based on relationships that are neither anthropocentric, nor androcentric, one that is not based on dominion but on fostering nature-human-divine relationships. Participation in "The Half the World Symposium" at the Hobart and William Smith Colleges was generously funded by the Henry Luce Foundation.
Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Delivering Arsenic Trioxide with Environment Sensitive Drug Release for Effective Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

In this study, we report a novel modality of using a mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)-based drug delivery system with RGD peptide as a targeting ligand to load arsenic trioxide (ATO) (ATO-MSNs-RGD) for treating MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer. The MSNs, ATO-MSNs, and ATO-MSNs-RGD were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method. The data indicated that the MSNs possessed MCM-41 type mesopores with high surface area of ∼1021 m2/g and pore diameter of ∼2.2 nm. However, both values dramatically decreased after MSNs were encapsulated with ATO or modified with RGD. The amount of surface anchored RGD peptide was determined to be 0.20 mmol/g. Glutathione (GSH) greatly enhanced ATO release from MSNs. Confocal laser microscopy images demonstrated that both ATO-MSNs and ATO-MSNs-RGD had good cellular uptake that improved with longer incubation time and nanoparticle concentration and the ATO-...
On the Relationship between Reconstruction of Infant Teachers' Culture and Their Professional Development

The pre-school education reform requests the reconstruction of teachers' culture.It can effectively reconstruct kindergarten teachers' culture,promote infant teachers'"self-renewal",and realize their professional growth through changing early education beliefs of kindergarten teachers,transforming their role localization,constructing a suitable system culture and a natural and cooperative culture pattern of learning team.
Large scale preparation of pure Hydroxysafflor Yellow A by macroporus resin-gel column chromatography

Objective:Preparing Hydroxysafflor Yellow A(HSYA) by macroporus resin-gel column chromatography.Method:Aqueous extract was prepared from Carthamus tinctorius L..Crude HSYA was prepared by macroporus resin chromatography and purified HSYA was further prepared by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography.The purity was analyzed by HPLC.The inhibition of HSYA on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by ADP was observed.Result:From aqueous extract HSYA was prepared through macroporus resin-gel column chromatographic procedure and its purity was 95.3%.This ingredient was active to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP.Conclusion:HSYA preparation by macroporus resin-gel chromatography is a simple and effective technology.
The Implementation Process of the Linear Elements of ArcGIS-based Label

Map of the layout plan,particularly the engineering involved in the inevitable line of geographical entities,their attributes to characterize the line,marks important means of identity.This paper,taking the land consolidation project layout of Wuanyuan village,Wubao town,Jiangbei District of Chongqing,as example,uses ArcGIS extracting the two point coordinates of linear elements and establishes a certain property of the field to automatically label its length,code and the two point coordinates.This method is easy to operate,simple and efficient,with good results.
The beginnings of Orthopedic Surgery at the Mayo Clinic: A Review of the First Orthopedic Patients who Presented Over 100 Years Ago.

Background Formalized training in the specialty of orthopedic surgery began at the Mayo Clinic nearly 100 years ago, and treatment of patients with musculoskeletal injuries and disease began even earlier. A robust historical patient database provides the opportunity for review of the first recorded orthopedic cases at our institution, which date back to 1907.
Emotions, Cognition, Affect: On Jerry Neu's A Tear is an Intellectual Thing

Jerome Neu has been one of the most prominent voices in the philosophy of emotions for more than twenty years, that is, before the field was even a field. His Emotions, Thought, and Therapy (1977) was one of its most original and ground-breaking books. Neu is an uncompromising defender of what has been called the “cognitive” theory of emotions (as am I). But the ambiguity, controversy, and confusions own by the notion of a “cognitive” theory of emotion is what I would like to focus on here. In so doing I will indicate some of the way sin which my own theory has developed.
Salient iso-surface detection with model-independent statistical signatures

Volume graphics has not been accepted for widespread use. One of the inhibiting reasons is the lack of general methods for data-analysis and simple interfaces for data exploration. An error-and-trial iterative procedure is often used to select a desirable transfer function or mine the dataset for salient iso-values. New semi-automatic methods that are also data-centric have shown much promise [1][7]. However, general and robust methods are still needed for data-exploration and analysis. In this paper, we propose general model-independent statistical methods based on central moments of data. Using these techniques we show how salient iso-surfaces at material boundaries can be determined. We provide examples from the medical and computational domain to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Gene expression profiling of anti-CTLA4-treated metastatic melanoma in patients with treatment-induced autoimmunity

Ipilimumab (IPI) is a monoclonal antibody that targets the inhibitory CTLA4 receptor of T cells, enhancing T-cell-driven antitumor responses. IPI therapy in metastatic melanoma results in significant improvement in disease-free and overall survival, although after initial responses disease progression generally ensues. Identification of specific responses in tissue where melanoma tumor cells are subjected to IPI-driven immune attack may reveal mechanisms of treatment efficacy or resistance, permitting refinement of targeted therapeutic approaches. We used NanoString digital barcoding chemistry to identify changes in the transcriptome of metastatic melanoma cells before and after IPI treatment using two comprehensive panels containing a total of 1330 unique genes. Only patients who developed autoimmune disorders following treatment, signifying a robust immune response, were included. Despite evidence of an enhanced immune response, most patients eventually exhibited disease progression. Overall, data from five pre-IPI tumors and four post-IPI tumor samples (from three patients) permitted identification of several candidate genes that showed increased expression based on normalized counts after therapy. These included TTK (~3.1-fold, P=1.18e−4), which encodes a dual-specificity protein tyrosine kinase, a known cell cycle regulator, and BIRC5 (~3.0-fold, P=9.36e−4), which encodes the antiapoptotic protein survivin. Both TTK (MPS1) and survivin are targetable proteins against which a number of pharmacologic agents have been developed. CDK1, which encodes a protein tyrosine kinase known to phosphorylate survivin, was also upregulated (~3.2-fold, P=2.80−3). Tumor cell expression of TTK and survivin proteins was confirmed using immunohistochemistry in an expanded patient cohort. Differences in gene expression for several commonly encountered immune antigens, such as CD3, CD4, CD8, and CTLA4, were not statistically significant, likely reflecting the long length of time (average 323 days) between the last IPI dose and post-treatment biopsies. Although our sample size is limited, these results for the first time identify targetable genes that are significantly altered by interaction between a highly activated, IPI-treated immune system and melanoma cells.
Metric learning for ordinal data

A large amount of ordinal-valued data exist in many domains, including medical and health science, social science, economics, political science, etc. Unlike image and speech datasets of real-valued data, learning with ordinal variables (i.e., features) presents unique challenges. In particular, the nominal differences between those feature values, which are just ranks, do not necessarily correspond to the real distances between the corresponding categories. Given their wide existence, it is imperative to develop machine learning algorithms that specifically address the need to model and infer with such data. In this paper, we present a novel metric learning algorithm that takes into consideration the nature of ordinal data. Our approach treats ordinal values as latent variables in intervals. Our algorithm then learns what those intervals are as well as distance metrics to measure distances between latent variables in those intervals. We derive the corresponding optimization algorithm and demonstrate how that can be solved effectively. Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves baselines that do not explicitly model ordinal features.
Responding to conversational partners’ behavior: Teaching children with autism strategies to recapture the interest of others

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Peters, L. C. & Thompson, R. H. (2015). Teaching children with autism to respond to conversation partners’ interest. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48, 544–562. doi: 10.1002/jaba.235Source of funding and disclosure of interest: The original authors reported that there were no conflicts of interest. No source of funding was reported.
Three-phase sinusoidal current rectifier with zero-current switching

This paper presents a three-phase rectification scheme with nearly sinusoidal line currents. The principle of third harmonic current circulation is used to reduce the distortion in the line currents. Zero-current switching is accomplished with the use of only two switches. A circuit design along with the experimental results are presented. Comparisons between a zero-current switching rectifier and a rectifier using hard-switched converters in terms of component ratings and EMI filter considerations are included. >
Interactive Effects of Product and Brand Portfolios on Firm Value: An Extended Abstract

Marketing managers are hard pressed to defend their existing products and brands, as well as to launch new ones in efforts to maximize their shareholder value. Drawing upon the market-based assets framework (cf. Srivastava et al. 1998), a substantial body of research in marketing has investigated the effects of product and brand strategies on shareholder value in the last two decades. In marketing, we have an extensive body of knowledge pertaining to the performance implications of product portfolio strategy with a special emphasis on new product introductions (Boatwright and Nunes 2001; Rubera and Kirca 2012; Szymanski et al. 2007; van Herpen and Pieters 2002). Similarly, brands are widely accepted as the most important intangible assets owned by firms that affect shareholders’ assessment of firm value (Mizik and Jacobson 2003; Morgan and Rego 2009; Ndofor and Levitas 2004; Srivastava et al. 1998).
Learning from a distance: high school students’ perceptions of virtual presence, motivation, and science identity during a remote microscopy investigation

Through partnerships with scientists, students can now conduct research in science laboratories from a distance through remote access technologies. The purpose of this study was to explore factors ...
The Barrow Innovation Center Case Series: A Novel 3-Dimensional-Printed Retractor for Use with Electromagnetic Neuronavigation Systems.

Objective The Barrow Innovation Center consists of an educational program that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among neurosurgery, legal, and engineering professionals to foster the development of new medical devices. This report describes a common issue faced during the placement of ventricular shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus and the solution to this problem that was developed through the Barrow Innovation Center. Methods Neurosurgery residents involved in the Barrow Innovation Center presented the problem of ferromagnetic retractors interfering with pinless image-guidance systems at a monthly meeting. Potential solutions were openly discussed by an interdisciplinary committee of neurosurgeons, patent lawyers, and biomedical engineers. The committee decided to pursue development of a novel self-retaining retractor made of nonferromagnetic material as a solution to the problem. Results Each retractor design was tested in the cadaver laboratory for size and functionality. A final design was chosen and used in a surgical case requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. The new retractor successfully retracted the scalp without interfering with the electromagnetic image-guidance system. Conclusions Through the interdisciplinary Barrow Innovation Center program, a newly designed, 3-dimensional–printed skin and soft-tissue retractor was created, along with an innovative universal shunt retainer. Through this integrated program dedicated to surgical innovation (i.e., the Barrow Innovation Center), the process of developing and implementing new technology at our institution has been streamlined, creating a culture of innovation within the neurosurgery training program.
How Can We Overcome the Biological Inertia of Past Deprivation? Anthropological Perspectives on the Developmental Origins of Adult Health

Due in large part to work by David Barker and his colleagues, it is now widely accepted that prenatal nutrition modifies early development, and in so doing, influences adult biology and risk of disease. Much of this research has emphasized the limited capacity of the mother’s body to buffer the fetus from stressors which may impair early development and lead to long-term health deficits. Developmental impairment may help explain some of the relationships observed between birth size and adult health. However, many biological responses initiated in utero are not due to damage but instead reflect regulatory changes in the body’s metabolic or biological priorities. Some of these developmental sensitivities may have evolved to allow a fetus to use maternal cues to adjust biological settings in anticipation of postnatal environmental conditions. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that fetal ­nutrition is buffered against short-term fluctuations in maternal intake during pregnancy, while it shows sensitivity to a mother’s lifelong nutritional experience. By calibrating fetal nutrition to the mother’s average nutritional experiences, maternal metabolism could provide offspring with a reliable estimate of nutritional conditions likely to be experienced in the future. In humans, maternal buffering of fetal nutrition is predicted to limit the deleterious impact of nutritional stress experienced by the mother during pregnancy while also attenuating the health benefits of short-term pregnancy supplements. Designing interventions that mimic sustained improvement in environmental conditions may therefore be needed to optimize health in future generations.
Use of spreadsheets in thermal analysis. Part 6

Abstract In a recent report [1], a mathematical expression was developed for the concurrent evaluation of two rate constants in two consecutive first-order reactions. When this expression was implemented using a computer program, the values of the rate constants obtained agreed favorably with theoretically assumed and reported experimental values. In the present paper, the preceding expression will be implemented utilizing spreadsheet analysis. To this end, the computer program used to implement the above expression has been modified and adapted for spreadsheet use. The resulting macro has then been utilized to analyze both theoretical and experimental data. The calculated values of rate constants obtained have been compared with theoretically assumed and reported experimental values.
Decision Points in the Management of Vocal Fold Paralysis

An assessment of certain simple aspects of each case of vocal fold paralysis, combined with a choice of surgical techniques, allows the development of a rational treatment strategy that approaches the ideal proposed in the introduction. There is no doubt that it could be further refined by additional information regarding the natural history of vocal fold paralysis, which, in many respects, remains poorly defined despite more than a century of clinical study. More sophisticated electrodiagnostic techniques, combined with a better understanding of laryngeal neurophysiology, is needed to understand the phenomenon of inappropriate reinnervation in the larynx and its clinical implications.