cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forest structure associated with ruffed grouse abundance

Abstract We identified and described the occurrence and structure of habitats related to ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) abundance on 11 study areas in the oak (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.) forest association of the central US. The percent occurrence of 7- to 15-year-old hardwood regeneration was the only habitat correlated with grouse density. Structural characteristics that influenced the quality of this habitat for grouse were basal area and percent canopy closure. Basal area exhibited a positive linear relationship, whereas percent canopy closure exhibited a curvilinear relationship with grouse density. Highest grouse densities occurred where 7- to 15-year-old hardwood regeneration habitat comprised greater than 14% of the area; basal area was greater than 16.9 m2 ha−1 and canopy closure was between 70 and 89% in this habitat. Management strategies for enhancing habitat for grouse should include maintaining more than 14% of a forest in 7- to 15-year-old hardwood regeneration and maintaining a balance between partial canopy closure and high basal area within this habitat. Hardwood regeneration stands occurring on the most productive or highest quality sites probably have the greatest potential to provide habitat for grouse.
Neonatal renal failure: A complication of maternal antihypertensive therapy

Abstract Persistent anuria was diagnosed in a neonate born to a mother whose pregnancy was complicated by severe hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus. Severe maternal hypertension necessitated the use of a battery of antihypertensive medications that included enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. The role of enalapril in neonatal renal failure is discussed. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:1223-4.)
Effects of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone on apyrene spermiogenesis in the european corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

European corn borer testes were cultured in vitro to determine the effects of physiological doses of ecdysteroids on apyrene spermiogenesis. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone stimulated spermiogenesis in larval testes excised 4–5 days after ecdysis to the last instar. The stimulatory effect on the testes was direct. Both the degree of larval maturation and the concentration of ecdysteroid in the incubation medium affected the amount of stimulation. Promotional capability of 20-hydroxyecdysone was greatest in wandering larvae that had not yet completed gut purge. Spermatocysts from larval testes taken 3 days after ecdysis were refractory to stimulation. Determination of 20-hydroxyecdysone levels in larval, pharate pupal and day-1 pupal haemolymph confirmed that the observed stimulation occurred at physiological doses.
A quick way to approximate a Sommerfeld-Weyl-type integral (antenna far-field radiation)

A method to evaluate the Sommerfeld-Weyl-type integral rapidly in the far field is reviewed. With such a method, one can perform 'back-of-the-envelope' derivations for the far-field expressions of Sommerfeld-Weyl-type integrals. First, the stationary-phase point of the integrand is identified. Closed-form integrals are then identified that can be used to integrate the rapidly varying part of the integrand in closed form. >
Using Time Series Analysis to Predict U.S. Service Exports

The economy of the United States became predominately service oriented over 50 years ago. Research regarding the significance of the growth of the service sector in the U.S. economy remains scant. Using time series analysis, this article investigates the significance of growth in total U.S. service exports for the 1960–2011 timeframe and provides an econometric estimate of expected growth in U.S. service export volume for 2012 through 2014. Knowing the significance, growth rate, and expected volume of U.S. service exports is important for marketers and policy makers alike. The findings indicate that the growth trend of the U.S. service exports is positive, significant, and expected to continue.
Racial Discrimination as a Determinant of Home Improvement Loans

While there is a sizeable body of literature which points to racial discrimination in the mortgage lending market, few studies have examined racial discrimination in home improvement lending. Using...
Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo activity of (-)-(1R,5R,9R)- and (+)-(1S,5S,9S)-N-alkenyl-, -N-alkynyl-, and -N-cyanoalkyl-5, 9-dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan homologues.

Two of the synthesized (−)-(1R,5R,9R)-N-homologues (N-but-3-enyl- and N-but-3-ynyl-5,9-dimethyl-2‘-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan (9, 13)) were found to be about 20 times more potent than morphine in the mouse tail-flick assay (ED50 = 0.05 mg/kg), and (−)-(1R,5R,9R)-N-but-2-ynyl-5,9-dimethyl-2‘-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan ((−)-(1R,5R,9R)-N-but-2-ynylnormetazocine, 12) was about as potent as the opioid antagonist N-allylnormetazocine (AD50 in the tail-flick vs morphine assay = 0.3 mg/kg). All of the homologues examined had higher affinity for the κ-opioid receptor than the μ-receptor except (−)-N-but-2-ynyl-normetazocine (12), which had a κ/μ ratio = 7.8 and a δ/μ ratio = 118. The (−)-N-2-cyanoethyl (3), -allyl (8), and -but-3-ynyl (13) analogues had good affinity (<10 nM) for δ-opioid receptors. Two homologues in the (+)-(1S,5S,9S)-normetazocine series, N-pent-4-enyl (24) and N-hex-5-enyl (25), were high-affinity and selective σ1-ligands (Ki = 2 nM, σ2/σ1 = 1250, and 1 nM, σ2/σ1 = 750, respectively); in contrast, ...
Nietzsche and drawing near to the personalities of the pre-Platonic Greeks

This essay focuses on and attempts to uncover the truly radical character of Nietzsche’s early “philological” work, specifically asking after the benefit he claims the study of classical culture should have for our present, late-modern historical moment. Taking up his study of the Pre-Platonic thinkers in 1873’s Philosophie im tragischen Zeitalter der Griechen, the first section analyzes Nietzsche’s statement that history’s principle task is the uncovering of Personlichkeiten. I argue that it is not at all the subjective character of a psychologized individual that Nietzsche has in mind, but rather the moment of personliche Stimmung or ‘being attuned’ to the world, which grounds and gives rise to thinking. In the second section, I show that the phusis or ‘nature’ to which the thinker is exposed in this attunement is comparable to the tension between the Dionysian and Apollonian natural forces in tragic poetry, as Nietzsche understands it. This dynamic conception of phusis does not provide a metaphysical substrate or an objectively real ground to which we might return via that Greeks, but is rather essentially phenomenal, i.e. it is nothing other than the movement into and out of appearance, which always entails and requires its reception by the human being to whom it appears. In the final section of the essay, this origin proves for Nietzsche not to be located in a distant past moment. Rather, it is the abyssal origin of the tradition that is always already effective in our present moment, informing our contemporary conceptions of our world and ourselves.
ACP Journal Club. Review: computed tomographic angiography is highly accurate for diagnosing cerebral aneurysms in symptomatic patients.

Source Citation Menke J, Larsen J, Kallenberg K. Diagnosing cerebral aneurysms by computed tomographic angiography: meta-analysis. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:646-54. 21391230
Comparison of wing margin structures ofvestigial and wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster grown at 31°C

The development of the middle row of triple row wing bristles was examined in flies homozygous for thevestigial mutant, grown at 31°C. While bristle number, length and spacing all improved toward the wild-type condition, the mean values for both sexes were only about 10% of those of wild-type, although development in males was significantly more complete than in females. The results suggest an explanation for the apparent lack of regenerative ability in this tissue.
Supersymmetry and factorizable scattering

We analyze supersymmetric particle theories in 1 + 1 dimensions that exhibit factorizable scattering. We propose the general form S = SBFSB for the S-matrix, where SB is a purely bosonic S-matrix and SBF describes the mixing of bosonic and fermionic particles. We derive a general expression for SBF. The simplest ansatz for the action of supersymmetry leads to a basic Bose-Fermi S-matrixSBF, which plays a role in a new class of integrable perturbations of minimal (cN = −3N(4N + 3)/2(N + 1)) superconformal field theories, which describe N bosonic and N fermionic particles with a non-trivial bound-state structure. We also discuss other examples, where conditions of topological nature lead to restrictions on the N-particle Hilbert space. The formalism can be extended to theories with conserved supercharges of half-integer spin greater than 12. We indicate examples of integrable perturbations of conformal field theories that show such “exotic” (spin−32 or −52) supercharges.
Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the 1993 Parkfield aseismic transient event.

The time-varying deformation field within a fault zone, particularly at depths where earthquakes occur, is important for understanding fault behaviour and its relation to earthquake occurrence1,2,3. But detection of this temporal variation has been extremely difficult, although laboratory studies have long suggested that certain structural changes, such as the properties of crustal fractures, should be seismically detectable4. Here we present evidence that such structural changes are indeed observable. In particular, we find a systematic temporal variation in the seismograms of repeat microearthquakes that occurred on the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault over the decade 1987–97. Our analysis reveals a change of the order of 10 m in the location of scatterers which plausibly lie within the fault zone at a depth of ∼3 km. The motion of the scatterers is coincident, in space and time, with the onset of a well documented aseismic transient (deformation event). We speculate that this structural change is the result of a stress-induced redistribution of fluids in fluid-filled fractures caused by the transient event.
Static and dynamic hydroelastic instabilities in MTR-type fuel elements Part I. introduction and experimental investigation

Abstract Hydroelastic instabilities that occur in MTR-type flat-plate fuel elements have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The present Part I of the paper reports on the experimental part of the investigation, in which three mock-up plate assemblies were tested from the hydroelastic stability viewpoint. A flow loop was built in which the three assemblies could be subjected to water flow rates, the maximum of which corresponded to 3.5 times the Miller's velocity of the assembly. The plates were instrumented with strain gauges, by means of which both static and dynamic deflection measurements could be made. In addition, it was possible to measure the static pressure profiles in three adjacent coolant channels. The experiments indicated that MTR-type fuel elements are subject to several hydroelastic instabilities. These instabilities were identified as: static divergence at the leading edge, static deformation in the plate array, a low-amplitude vibration in the form of traveling waves, and a high-amplitude vibration or flutter. A support comb across the leading edge of the plate assembly was found to remove the leading-edge static divergence and the flutter instabilities. A time-dependent theoretical analysis of the observed phenomena is to be reported in part II.
Electron–phonon coupling is large for localized states

From density-functional calculations, we show that localized states stemming from defects or topological disorder exhibit an anomalously large electron--phonon coupling. We provide a simple analysis to explain the observation and perform a detailed study on an interesting system: amorphous silicon. We compute first-principles deformation potentials (by computing the sensitivity of specific electronic eigenstates to individual classical normal modes of vibration). We also probe thermal fluctuations in electronic eigenvalues by first-principles thermal simulation. We find a strong correlation between a static property of the network (localization, as gauged by inverse participation ratio (IPR)) and a dynamical property (the amplitude of thermal fluctuations of electron energy eigenvalues) for localized electron states. In particular, both the squared electron--phonon coupling and the variance of energy eigenvalues are proportional to the IPR of the localized state. We compare the results for amorphous Si to photoemission experiments. While the computations are carried out for silicon, very similar effects have been seen in other systems with disorder.
Spinal pilocytic astrocytoma in an elderly patient

Objective Astrocytomas are the most common intramedullary spinal cord tumor in pediatric and adolescent patients and the incidence decreases with age. There are very few cases of spinal pilocytic astrocytomas (World Health Organization grade 1) reported after the fourth decade. We report the oldest known case of a pathologically confirmed spinal pilocytic astrocytoma. Methods A 78-year-old woman presented with 12 months of bilateral lower extremity numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cord edema extending from C6 to T4. There was a 12-mm enhancing intramedullary lesion at the C7-T1 level with an associated cyst. Several years prior, she had seen a neurologist for lower extremity numbness and was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy. Results She underwent C7-T1 laminectomy with partial resection of the spinal cord tumor and drainage of the cyst. Pathologic examination demonstrated a mildly cellular proliferation of astrocytes set in an eosinophilic fibrillar background. There were numerous Rosenthal fibers and prominent vasculature. There were no malignant features. The pathologic diagnosis was consistent with pilocytic astrocytoma, World Health Organization grade 1. The patient returned to her baseline function after several weeks and the imaging remained stable at the 4-month follow-up. Conclusions Spinal pilocytic astrocytomas constitute 90% of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in patients younger than 10 years and 60% of those in adolescent patients. There are very few reported cases in patients older than 50 years. Our patient had an indolent course, cervical-thoracic location, imaging characteristics, and pathology that all support a diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma. This case highlights that low-grade lesions can occur in elderly patients and an aggressive approach may not be indicated.
Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation in target and activator cells in a Wistar rat embryo cell-mediated V79 cell mutation assay

To determine the relationship of the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-DNA adducts formed in the activator cells of a cell-mediated mutation assay to the adducts formed in the target cells and to mutation induction, irradiated second passage Wistar rat embryo (WRE) cells and V79 Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to [3H]BaP for 5, 24 and 48 h under the conditions of a cell-mediated mutation assay. The V79 target cells were separated from the WRE activator cells by an immunoseparation procedure; the resulting V79 cell pellet contained less than 7% WRE cells. The percentage of the BaP-DNA adducts containing cis vicinal hydroxyl groups and the h.p.l.c profile of individual adducts in the V79 target cells were similar to those of the WRE activator cells for each time point. The transfer of reactive BaP metabolites from the activator cells to the target cell DNA was detectable after only 5 h of exposure to BaP, however, exposure for this length of time did not result in significant mutation induction. The (+)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BaPDE)-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) adduct was essentially absent after 5 h of exposure, but the amount of this adduct increased at longer times of exposure as did the mutation frequency. The complex mixture of BaP-DNA adducts formed in the WRE cells was also present in the V79 cells after all three times of exposure to BaP, a result which demonstrates the value of this cell-mediated mutation assay for investigating the role of species-specific differences in the activation of BaP. The correlation between the increase in mutation induction and the relative amount of the (+)-anti-BaPDE-dGuo adduct present in V79 cell DNA suggests the importance of this adduct in mutation induction by BaP.
Soil Water Components Based on Capacitance Probes in a Sandy Soil

availability to support optimal production and quality. The purpose of well-managed irrigation is to optimize Understanding soil water movement is needed to manage irrigation water spatial and temporal distribution, to promote crop to minimize water drainage, nutrient leaching below the root zone, and contamination of groundwater. We hypothesized that soil water growth and yield, and to enhance citrus economic recontent determined by capacitance probes can be used for irrigation turns. Hence, the aim is not necessarily to obtain the scheduling and estimating soil water components. Objectives of this highest yields per unit area of land, or per unit volume study were (i) to evaluate the performance of capacitance probes for of water, but to maximize net returns. optimizing irrigation management for ‘Hamlin’ orange trees [Citrus When water is applied on the soil surface, assuming sinensis (L.) Osb.] on Swingle citrumelo [Citrus paradisi Macf. 3 little or no surface runoff, a portion of water is utilized Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstock on a Candler fine sand soil by the plants, or retained in the soil, and the excess water (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamment) in Central Florida drains through the vadose zone into the groundwater, and (ii) to determine soil water balance components. Irrigation levels which contributes to aquifer recharge. This excess water were determined based on available soil water (ASW) and tree growth may contain agricultural chemicals and soluble nutristage. The soil water data measured at finite time interval by capacitance probes were used with irrigation and rainfall data to calculate ents. Irrigation best management practices (BMP) are daily evapotranspiration (ET) and drainage rates. Daily ET rates designed to (i) minimize water and nutrient leaching showed strong seasonal patterns and varied from ,0.4 mm d2 1 in below the root zone to maintain adequate irrigation January to 5 mm d2 1 in July and August. The annual ET in 1997 was water within the rooting depth, (ii) minimize non-point 920 mm or 53% of the total water input (irrigation and rainfall). The source pollution of groundwater, and (iii) reduce procumulative annual drainage in 1997 was 890 mm, or 47% of the total duction costs associated with water and nutrient losses water input. Furthermore, 82% of the cumulative annual drainage by leaching. was contributed by rainfall. Irrigation based on monitoring soil water Supply of water to crops must be based on a clear content using capacitance probes minimized water drainage below understanding of the soil water dynamics. The water the root zone in a system where rainfall contributed substantially cycle of an agricultural field comprises evapotranspirato drainage. tion, irrigation, rainfall, runoff, and drainage losses below the root zone. Under-tree sprinklers and drip irrigation systems are designed to deliver water at rates low
Time-dependent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity during phasic contraction of canine antral smooth muscle

1. Relationships between cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and muscle tension were examined in circular smooth muscle of canine gastric antrum. 2. Electrical slow waves induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]cyt and muscle tension. [Ca2+]cyt increased before the initiation of contraction and reached a maximum before the peak of the phasic contractions. Following the first Ca2+ transient, a second rise in [Ca2+]cyt was often observed. The second Ca2+ transient was of similar magnitude to the first, but only in some cases was this increase in [Ca2+]cyt associated with a second phase of contraction. Relaxation occurred more rapidly than the restoration of resting levels of [Ca2+]cyt. 3. Acetylcholine (ACh; 3 x 10(-7) M) increased the amplitude of Ca2+ transients, caused MLC phosphorylation and increased the force of contraction. The decay of contraction and MLC dephosphorylation preceded that of [Ca2+]cyt. 4. Increasing external K+ (to 25-40 mM) caused a sustained increase in [Ca2+]cyt, but little change in resting tension. This suggests that the Ca2+ sensitivity decreased as [Ca2+]cyt increased. Increasing K+ to 59.5 mM further increased the level of [Ca2+]cyt, induced MLC phosphorylation and caused a transient contraction. When normal levels of K+ were restored, the rates of MLC dephosphorylation and relaxation exceeded the rate of decay in [Ca2+]cyt. 5. Removal of external Ca2+ in depolarized muscles decreased [Ca2+]cyt below the resting level without affecting resting tension. Readmission of Ca2+ to depolarized muscles caused force to develop at [Ca2+]cyt levels below the original resting level, suggesting that Ca2+ sensitivity was increased when the resting level of [Ca2+]cyt was decreased. 6. The phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin-A (10(-6) M), induced tonic contraction and MLC phosphorylation without an increase in [Ca2+]cyt. During these contractures, electrical activity caused transient increases in [Ca2+]cyt and phasic contractions which were superimposed upon the Ca(2+)-independent contracture. In the presence of calyculin-A, relaxation occurred in two phases. The initial, rapid phase of relaxation was not significantly affected by calyculin-A, but the slow phase was significantly decreased. 7. These results suggest that the relationship between [Ca2+]cyt, MLC phosphorylation and contraction changes as a function of [Ca2+]cyt in canine antral muscles. This may be due to a Ca(2+)-and time-dependent phosphatase that regulates the level of myosin phosphorylation.
Retrograde third ventriculocisternostomy from the posterior fossa

BACKGROUND Postoperative hydrocephalus is common in patients after resection of a posterior fossa tumor, with as many as 25% of patients requiring permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion in the form of ventricular shunting or ventriculocisternostomy in some series. Prophylactic ventriculocisternostomy has been described with success in this patient population to prevent postoperative hydrocephalus. OBJECTIVE To define the technique of microsurgical retrograde third ventriculostomy from the posterior fossa. METHODS The operative technique is described and a single patient with 4-year follow-up is reported. RESULTS We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with a large cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor. She underwent a simultaneous lesion resection and third ventriculocisternostomy by accessing the interpeduncular cistern via a suboccipital posterior fossa approach and then making an incision through the tuber cinereum to access the third ventricle under direct vision. CONCLUSION Retrograde third ventriculostomy may be useful in the surgical treatment of patients already undergoing operations for large posterior fossa lesions who have a high likelihood of requiring permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion and in whom exposure of the interpeduncular cistern is available.
Recovery of the Rat Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis after Discontinuation of Prolonged Treatment with the Synthetic Glucocorticoid Agonist Dexamethasone

To evaluate the recovery of the hypothalamicpituitary adrenal (HPA) axis after discontinuation of prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids, we employed adult male Sprague- Dawley rats which were implanted sc with osmotic minipumps filled with saline (vehicle) or dexamethasone (DEX), 100 μg/ day, for 7 days. At the end of the glucocorticoid treatment period, the minipumps were removed and both saline- and DEX-treated rats were randomly assigned to five different groups tested at 1, 3, 7,14, and 21 days after removal of the minipumps. Each group was divided into two subgroups receiving either arecoline (ARE), or ovine CRH (oCRH) stimulation tests. ARE was chosen because it has been shown to selectively stimulate the hypothalamic CRH neuron, whereas oCRH was selected as a probe of the pituitary component of the HPA axis. ARE (0.2 mg/kg) and oCRH (10 μg/kg) were injected iv to catheterized, freely moving rats and serial blood samples for plasma ACTH and corticosterone determinations were drawn from the catheter ...
Gene expression profiles in stage I uterine serous carcinoma in comparison to grade 3 and grade 1 stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Background Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed countries. Clinical studies have shown that early stage uterine serous carcinoma (USC) has outcomes similar to early stage high grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC-G3) than to early stage low grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC-G1). However, little is known about the origin of these different clinical outcomes. This study applied the whole genome expression profiling to explore the expression difference of stage I USC (n = 11) relative to stage I EAC-G3 (n = 11) and stage I EAC-G1 (n = 11), respectively. Methodology/Principal Finding We found that the expression difference between USC and EAC-G3, as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), is consistently less than that found between USC and EAC-G1. Pathway enrichment analyses suggested that DEGs specific to USC vs. EAC-G3 are enriched for genes involved in signaling transduction, while DEGs specific to USC vs. EAC-G1 are enriched for genes involved in cell cycle. Gene expression differences for selected DEGs are confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR with a high validation rate. Conclusion This data, although preliminary, indicates that stage I USC is genetically similar to stage I EAC-G3 compared to stage I EAC-G1. DEGs identified from this study might provide an insight in to the potential mechanisms that influence the clinical outcome differences between endometrial cancer subtypes. They might also have potential prognostic and therapeutic impacts on patients diagnosed with uterine cancer.
Isogeometric analysis and shape optimization via boundary integral

In this paper, we present a boundary integral based approach to isogeometric analysis and shape optimization.For analysis, it uses the same basis, Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) basis, for both representing object boundary and for approximating physical fields in analysis via a Boundary-Integral-Equation Method (BIEM). We propose the use of boundary points corresponding to Greville abscissae as collocation points. We conducted h-, p- and k-refinement study for linear elasticity and heat conduction problems. Our numerical experiments show that collocation at Greville abscissae leads to overall better convergence and robustness. Replacing rational B-splines with the linear B-Splines as shape functions for approximating solution space in analysis does not yield significant difference in convergence.For shape optimization, it uses NURBS control points to parameterize the boundary shape. A gradient based optimization approach is adopted where analytical sensitivities of how control points affect objective and constraint functions are derived. Two 3D shape optimization examples are demonstrated.Our study finds that the boundary integral based isogeometric analysis and optimization have the following advantages: (1) the NURBS based boundary integral exhibits superior computational advantages over the usual Lagrange polynomials based BIEM on a per degree-of-freedom basis; (2) it bypasses the need for domain parameterization, a bottleneck in current NURBS based volumetric isogeometric analysis and shape optimization; (3) it offers tighter integration of CAD and analysis since both the geometric models for both analysis and optimization are the same NURBS geometry. Highlights? A NURBS based boundary integral method has been developed. ? It has superior computational advantages over traditional boundary integral. ? Greville collocation leads to accurate and stable analysis results. ? A boundary integral based isogeometric shape optimization method has been developed.
Sea Surface Temperature Patterns on the West Florida Shelf Using Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps

Neural network analyses based on the self-organizing map (SOM) and the growing hierarchical selforganizing map (GHSOM) are used to examine patterns of the sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the West Florida Shelf from time series of daily SST maps from 1998 to 2002. Four characteristic SST patterns are extracted in the first-layer GHSOM array: winter and summer season patterns, and two transitional patterns. Three of them are further expanded in the second layer, yielding more detailed structures in these seasons. The winter pattern is one of low SST, with isotherms aligned approximately along isobaths. The summer pattern is one of high SST distributed in a horizontally uniform manner. The spring transition includes a midshelf cold tongue. Similar analyses performed on SST anomaly data provide further details of these seasonally varying patterns. It is demonstrated that the GHSOM analysis is more effective in extracting the inherent SST patterns than the widely used EOF method. The underlying patterns in a dataset can be visualized in the SOM array in the same form as the original data, while they can only be expressed in anomaly form in the EOF analysis. Some important features, such as asymmetric SST anomaly patterns of winter/summer and cold/warm tongues, can be revealed by the SOM array but cannot be identified in the lowest mode EOF patterns. Also, unlike the EOF or SOM techniques, the hierarchical structure in the input data can be extracted by the GHSOM analysis.
Isoquinolines, beta-carbolines and alcohol drinking: involvement of opioid and dopaminergic mechanisms.

Two classes of amine-aldehyde adducts, the tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) and beta-carboline (THBC) compounds, have been implicated in the mechanism in the brain underlying the addictive drinking of alcohol. One part of this review focuses on the large amount of evidence unequivocally demonstrating not only the corporeal synthesis of the TIQs and THBCs but their sequestration in brain tissue as well. Experimental studies published recently have revealed that exposure to alcohol enhances markedly the endogenous formation of condensation products. Apart from their multiple neuropharmacological actions, certain adducts when delivered directly into the brain of either the rat or monkey, to circumvent the brain's blood-barrier system, can evoke an intense and dose-dependent increase in the voluntary drinking of solutions of alcohol even in noxious concentrations. That the abnormal intake of alcohol is related functionally to opioid receptors in the brain is likely on the basis of several dinstinct lines of evidence which include: the attenuation of alcohol drinking by opioid receptor antagoists; binding of a TIQ to opiate receptors in the brain; and marked differences in enkephalin values in animals genetically predisposed to the ingestion of alcohol. Finally, it is proposed that the dopaminergic reward pathways which traverse the meso-limbic-forebrain systems of the brain more than likely constitute an integrative anatomical substrate for the adduct-opioid cascade of neuronal events which promote and sustain the aberrant drinking of alcohol.
Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: effect of space provision

: Objectives: The role of space provision as an independent prognostic factor for periodontal regeneration remains to be established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of space provision on alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal sites. Methods: Critical size, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were created in 11 young adult Beagle dogs. Six animals received a porous ePTFE device to provide for space provision. Five animals received sham surgery. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post-surgery. A histometric analysis assessed vertical regeneration of alveolar bone and the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect. Because of the correlation of within-dog measurements, a mixed model anova/ancova was used to analyse the data. Results: A significant relationship between the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect and bone regeneration was observed with no significant difference between sites receiving the different treatments (p=0.84). Bone regeneration at sites treated with the space-providing device was significantly greater compared with that at sites treated with sham surgery (p=0.0003), and the difference remained significant after adjusting for bone width (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Space provision has a significant effect on alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal sites. The width of the alveolar bone appears to influence space provision effectively supporting bone regeneration.
Mitogen-induced, FAK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the SSeCKS scaffolding protein.

The ability of mitogens to rapidly induce tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins has been taken as evidence of participation in subsequent signaling pathways. SSeCKS, a major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate with protein scaffolding and tumor suppressive properties, becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in NIH3T3 and rodent embryo fibroblasts after short-term treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or fetal calf serum in the presence of pervanadate, but not by treatment with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1. The relative phosphotyrosine level on SSeCKS was higher in actively dividing cells than in confluent cultures. Tyrosine phosphorylation of SSeCKS was apparent in cells deficient in Src, Fyn, Yes, or Abl tyrosine kinases or in NIH3T3 cells expressing a temperature-sensitive v-Src allele, but not in FAK-deficient embryo fibroblasts. Purified FAK or Src enzyme failed to directly phosphorylate SSeCKS in vitro. EGF failed to induce SSeCKS tyrosine phosphorylation in FAK-/- fibroblasts, indicating that the EGF receptor is probably not the direct kinase of SSeCKS. Phosphorylation under these conditions was rescued by the transient reexpression of wt-FAK but not FAK mutated at Y397, a major autophosphorylation and SH2-based docking site. Adhesion of FAK+/+ cells to fibronectin failed to significantly induce SSeCKS tyrosine phosphorylation although FAK was activated, suggesting that SSeCKS phosphorylation is mediated through a growth factor receptor-FAK rather than an integrin-FAK pathway. Moreover, PDGF could induce SSeCKS tyrosine phosphorylation in the absence of FAK activation, suggesting a role for FAK SH2-based docking rather than kinase activity. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that in FAK-/- cells, SSeCKS costains along F-actin stress fibers, in contrast to FAK+/+ cells, where most SSeCKS stains at the cell edge and along a cortical cytoskeletal matrix. This correlated with increased coprecipitation of SSeCKS with biotin-phalloidin-bound F-actin from FAK-/- compared to FAK+/+ cell lysates. Similarly, bacterially expressed, unphosphorylated SSeCKS cosedimented with F-actin in ultracentrifugation assays. These data suggest that mitogen-induced, FAK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of SSeCKS modulates its binding to the actin-based cytoskeleton, suggesting a role for SSeCKS in mitogen-induced cytoskeletal reorganization.
The pentaammineruthenium(III)-histidine complex in ribonuclease A as an optical probe of conformational change

Abstract The formation of stable transition metal complexes between pentaammineruthenium(III) and the imidazole moiety of histidine residues in ribonuclease A is described. Studies of the kinetics of incorporation suggest that three of the four histidines are reactive and ion-exchange chromatography affords the isolation of three derivatives containing a single ruthenium-histidine complex. Equilibrium studies of the thermal- and urea-induced unfolding of one of these derivatives show that the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer absorptions above 300 nm can be used to follow the conformational changes in the vicinity of the complex. For the urea-induced unfolding of this derivative, the coincidence of the transition curves obtained from the charge-transfer absorptions and from difference ultraviolet spectroscopy at 286 nm, which measures the exposure of buried tyrosine residues to solvent, suggest that only two conformations, native and unfolded, are present at equilibrium in significant concentrations.
Authoritarianism and information processing

Predicted relationships between media preference and authoritarianism were derived from theoretical and experimental studies. It was hypothesized that authoritarians would be more likely to believe their preferred media sources than would nonauthoritarians, and that the authoritarian’s position on political issues would be closer to the position represented by positively evaluated media but farther from the position of negatively evaluated media. Results from mail questionnaires obtained from 445 Detroit adults supported the hypotheses. Coercive force also was strongly related to authoritarianism when the media were described as disagreeing with the views of important political leaders.
Chronic pain, depression, and the dexamethasone suppression test.

In most healthy individuals, dexamethasone suppresses adrenal cortisol production. However, in patients with major depression, non-suppression frequently occurs and thus may be a marker for depression. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of dexamethasone suppression test (DST) non-suppression to clinical variables such as major depression, site and duration of pain, prior surgery, and medication use in 81 chronic pain patients beginning inpatient pain treatment (Inpt. Pain), and 33 medication-restricted outpatients with chronic back pain and depression (Outpt. Back). In the Inpt. Pain group, the specificity of DST non-suppression for depression was 82% and for sensitivity 24%. In the Outpt. Back group, its sensitivity was 18%. Within the diverse inpatient samples, there was 69% non-suppression in patients with headache pain only, compared to 15% in patients with other sites of pain (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in depression rate between these two groups. In the Inpt. Pain group, non-suppressors also had significantly less prior surgery. In the Outpt. Back group, opioid use was significantly higher in non-suppressors (33%) than in suppressors (11%). In chronic pain populations, the DST appears not to be useful clinically for the detection of depression and may be significantly affected by clinical variables other than depression.
Three-dimensional geometry and evolution of a segmented detachment fold, Mississippi Fan foldbelt, Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The frontal fold of the deep-water Mississippi Fan foldbelt is used to investigate the relationships between folding and faulting in detachment folds. Seismic coverage shows the entire three-dimensional geometry, from termination to termination, and the deformation history as recorded by asymmetric growth strata on fold limbs. The fold is a salt-cored detachment fold cut by reverse faults on both limbs. Its three-dimensional geometry is complex, consisting of four separate culminations, each associated with a distinct fault or fault segment. Consequently, profile geometries vary significantly, but unsystematically, along strike. Data analysis and structural restoration suggest a three-stage evolution during Mio-Pliocene shortening: (1) preexisting, en-echelon salt pillows served as buckling instabilities for the initiation of detachment folds that experienced relatively minor lateral propagation during growth and linkage; (2) an increase in shortening rate was accommodated by break-thrust folding; and (3) the faults became inactive upon a decrease in shortening rate, such that further fold amplification occurred by rotation and uplift of the backlimb. There is a direct correlation between fold and fault geometries, and abundant evidence indicates that the geometries of individual fold segments dictated fault geometries.
Pediatric radiology at a rural hospital: Value of teleradiology and subspecialty consultation

We performed a field study and subsequent laboratory investigation of pediatric radiology at a small rural hospital. Our investigation had three components: to describe the characteristics of pedia...
Relationship of spontaneous vagal activity to wakefulness and sleep in the cat.

Abstract Permanent bipolar electrodes were implanted in five cats on the cervical vagus nerve, the dura mater overlying frontal and occipital cortices, in the posterior ventromedial thalamus, anterior hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral geniculate body, dorsal hippocampus, and dorsolateral midbrain reticular formation. Stainless-steel screws in the frontal bone served as eye (EOG) leads. The EMG lead was attached to the skin on the dorsum of the neck. The cats, unanesthetized and unrestrained, were recorded on an 8-channel electroencephalograph from an insulated sound-proof cubicle. The vagus nerve had spontaneous tonic background activity upon which varied phasic activities were superimposed. Long-term recordings demonstrated a parallelism between the spontaneous tonic activity and the normal waking and sleeping pattern of the cat. A low-voltage, fast activity in the waking state, consisting of impulses of approximately equal amplitude and duration, diminished in amplitude and frequency as the animal passed into slow-wave sleep, and finally became atonic, with the disappearance of the tonic background activity, during activated sleep. These observations support the conclusion that a close relationship exists between interoception and ongoing brain activity. The alterations in spontaneous vagal activity provide another factor of distinction between the states of arousal and activated sleep, and may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in these two states. The findings may provide a possible electrophysiological basis for alterations in visceral activities which have been reported to accompany the different stages of waking and sleep and suggests that a circadian rhythmicity exists in visceral nerve activity.
Vitamins C and E donate single hydrogen atoms in vivo

The antioxidant vitamins, C and E, eliminate cytotoxic free radicals by redox cycling. Energetic and kinetic considerations suggest that cycling of vitamin C and vitamin E between their reduced and free radical forms occurs via the transfer of single hydrogen atoms rather than via separate electron transfer and protonation reactions. This may enable these vitamins to reduce many of the damaging free radicals commonly encountered by biological systems while minimizing the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide.
Vision-Based Detection of Unsafe Actions of a Construction Worker: Case Study of Ladder Climbing

AbstractAbout 80–90% of accidents are caused by the unsafe actions and behaviors of employees in construction. Behavior management thus plays a key role in enhancing safety, and particularly, behavior observation is the most critical element for modifying workers’ behavior in a safe manner. However, there is a lack of practical methods to measure workers’ behavior in construction. To analyze workers’ actions, this paper uses an advanced and economical depth sensor to collect motion data and then investigates consequent motion-analysis techniques to detect the unsafe actions of workers, which is the main focus of this paper. First, motion data are transformed onto a three-dimensional (3D) space as a preprocess, motion classification is performed to identify a typical prior, and the selected prior is used to detect the same action in a testing data set. As a case study, motion data for unsafe actions in ladder climbing (i.e., backward-facing climbing, climbing with an object, and reaching far to a side) are...
Guidelines for the preparation and characterization of high molecular weight allergens used for the diagnosis of occupational lung disease. Report of the Subcommittee on Preparation and Characterization of High Molecular Weight Allergens.

75. Lutsky I, Teichtahl H, Bar-Sela S. Occupational asthma due to poultry mites. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1984;73:56. 76. Baur X, Fruhmann G. Allergic reactions, including asthma, to the pineapple protease bromelain following occupational exposure. Clin Allergy 1979;9:443. 77. doPico GA. Asthma due to dust from redwood. Chest 1987;73:3. 78. Davies RJ, Pepys J. Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents. The macrolide antibiotic spiramycin. Clin Allergy 1975;1:99. 79. Gleich GJ, Welsh PW, Yunginger JW, Hyatt RE, Catlett JB. Allergy to tobacco: an occupational hazard. N Engl J Med 1980;302:617. 80. Butcher BT, Salvaggio JE, O’Neil CE, Weill H, Garg 0. Toluene diisocyanate pulmonary disease: immunopharmacologic and mecholyl challenge studies. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1977;59:223. 81. Butcher BT, O’Neil CE, Reed MA, Salvaggio JE. Radioallergosorbent testing of toluene diisocyanate-reactive individuals usingp-tolyl isocyanate antigen. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1980;66:213. 82. Butcher BT, Karr RIM, O’Neil CE, et al. Inhalation challenge and pharmacologic studies of TDI sensitive workers. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1979;64:146. 83. Butcher BT, Jones RN, O’Neil CE, et al. Longitudinal study of workers employed in the manufacture of toluene diisocyanate. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;116:411_ 84. Chan-Yeung M, Barton GM, MacLean L, Grzybowski S. Occupational asthma and rhinitis due to Western red cedar (Thuja plicutu). Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:1094. 85. Sutton R, Skerritt JH, Baldo BA, Wrigley CW. The diversity of allergens involved in baker’s asthma. Clin Allergy 1984;14:93. 86. Block G, Tse KS, Kijek K, Chan H, Chan-Yeung M. Baker’s asthma. Clinical and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1983;13:359. 87. Baldo BA, Wrigley CW. IgE antibodies to wheat flour components. Clin Allergy 1978;8:109.
Migration And wintering areas Of Glaucous-winged Gulls From south-central Alaska

Abstract. We used satellite telemetry to investigate the migration patterns and wintering areas of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Middleton Island, Alaska, where this species' population increased tenfold from the 1970s to the 1990s. Fall migration spanned 11 weeks, including numerous stopovers en route, apparently for feeding. Spring migration from wintering sites to Middleton Island was shorter (4 weeks) and more direct. One juvenile spent several months in southern Prince William Sound. An adult spent several months near Craig, southeast Alaska, while three others overwintered in southern British Columbia. For all four wintering adults use of refuse-disposal sites was evident or strongly suggested. Commensalism with humans may have contributed to the increase on Middleton, but a strong case can also be made for a competing explanation-regional recruitment of gulls to high-quality nesting habitat in Alaska created after the earthquake of 1964. An analysis of band returns reveals broad ov...
Cineangiography of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular-right atrial shunt.

Nine cases are reported of perimembranous ventricular septal defect associated with left ventricular to right atrial shunting. Cineangiographic findings included an aneurysm of the membranous septum in all patients; two patients had obvious adherence of deformed tricuspid valve leaflets to the membranous septum. The location of the ventricular septal defect was confirmed at surgery or cardiac endoscopy in seven patients. In the presence of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, left ventricular to right atrial shunting is usually the result of tricuspid valve abnormalities, including clefts or perforations of the septal leaflet, deformity or adherence of valve tissue to the margins of the septal defect and widening of the anteroseptal commissure. Biplane left ventriculography, using the long axial oblique and reciprocal right anterior oblique projections, may best demonstrate the pathologic anatomy, although the he-patoclavicular projection is a useful alternative, particularly when an atrioventricular canal defect is a diagnostic consideration.