cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IEEE 7 th BIBE Invited Plenary Keynote: Statistial Analysis of nucleosome occupancy and histone modification data

In eukaryotic cells, genomic DNAs wrap around beadlike molecules, called nucleosomes, so as to pack more compactly in the nucleus of the cell. The nucleosome is made up of four pairs of histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) who share a very similar structural motif. The positioning of nucleosomes as well as the modifications of various sites of histone proteins (such as acetylation) plays important but incompletely understood roles in gene regulation. We propose statistical models for predicting nucleosome positioning and histone modification patterns using only genomic sequence information. Computation models have been developed to predict genome-wide nucleosome positions from DNA sequences, but these models consider only nucleosome sequences, which may have limited their power. We developed a statistical multi-resolution approach to identify a sequence signature, called the N-score, that distinguishes nucleosome binding DNA from non-nucleosome DNA. The N-score is not sensitive to deletion of short DNA elements and can also be estimated reasonably accurately from coarse nucleosome positioning data. We found that the sequence information is highly predictive for local nucleosome enrichment or depletion, whereas the exact positions may be further fine-tuned by other regulatory factors. We observed that many characteristics of nucleosome positioning, such as the nucleosome depletion in the promoter regions, can be predicted accurately by the sequence information through N-scores. In addition to nucleosome positioning, histone acetylations are also important in directing gene regulation. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of histone acetylation is difficult because many different histone acetylation patterns exist and their effects are confounded by other factors, such as the transcription factor binding sequence motif information and nucleosome occupancy. We analyzed recent genomewide histone acetylation data using a few complementary statistical models and tested the validity of a cumulative model in approximating the global regulatory effect of histone acetylation. Confounding effects due to transcription factor binding sequence information were estimated by using two independent motif-based algorithms followed by a variable selection method. Our analysis confirms that histone acetylation has a significant effect on transcription rates in addition to that attributable to upstream sequence motifs. Our model fits well with observed genome-wide data. Strikingly, including more complicated combinatorial effects does not improve the model's performance. Through an analysis of conditional independence, we found that H4 acetylation may not have significant direct impact on global gene expression.
Impact of enhanced malaria control on the competition between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in India

The primary focus of malaria research and control has been on Plasmodium falciparum, the most severe of the four Plasmodium species causing human disease. However, the presence of both P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax occurs in several countries, including India. We developed a mathematical model describing the dynamics of P. vivax and P. falciparum in the human and mosquito populations and fit this model to Indian clinical case data to understand how enhanced control measures affect the competition between the two Plasmodium species. Around 1997, funding for malaria control in India increased dramatically. Our model predicts that if India had not improved its control strategy, the two species of Plasmodium would continue to coexist. To determine which control measures contributed the most to the decline in the number of cases after 1997, we compared the fit of seven models to the 1997-2010 clinical case data. From this, we determined that increased use of bednets contributed the most to case reduction. During the enhanced control period, the best model predicts that P. vivax is out-competing P. falciparum. However, the reproduction numbers are extremely close to the invasion boundaries. Consequently, we cannot be confident that this outcome is the true future of malaria in India. We address this uncertainty by performing a parametric bootstrapping procedure for each of the seven models. This procedure, applied to the enhanced control period, revealed that the best model predicts that P. vivax outcompeting P. falciparum is the most likely outcome, whereas the remaining candidate models predict the opposite. Moreover, the predictions of the top model are counter to what one expects based on the case data alone. Although the proportion of cases due to falciparum has been increasing, the best fitting model reveals that this observation is insufficient to draw conclusions about the longterm competitive outcome of the two species.
INTERACTIONS AMONG PHOTOSYNTHETIC ANTENNA EXCITED STATES

. The data of Kung and DeVault (1978) showing high-order fluorescence from chromatophores of photosynthetic bacteria are analyzed in relation to other data on first-order fluorescence of photosynthetic systems, particularly that of Monger and Parson (1977). The wavelengths of emission observed (down to 445 nm) require energy equivalent to two lowest singlet-excited states. The dependence on excitation intensity is best explained by any of the following third-order processes: (a) 3S13S0; (b) 2S1+T, 2S0+T1; (c) S1+ 2T1 3S0. However, (c) is ruled out because it predicts heavy T1-destruction which is not observed. Contribution from the second order process: 2 S1S0 is probable, but even the data of Monger and Parson show that it is insufficient by itself. Two-photon absorption: S0+hv1S1; S1+hv1Sn; SnS0+hv2 could also account for the high-order fluorescence and its dependence on excitation intensity. [S0, S1Sn are ground, first excited and a higher excited singlet states, respectively, of antenna bacteriochlorophyll, Tt is the lowest triplet state, c/v, is the exciting wavelength (694 or 868 nm) and c/v2 the wavelength of the high-order fluorescence (445, 535. or 600 nm), where c= velocity of light.] Maximum values are estimated for some of the rate constants.
Protective function of extrinsic sensory neurons in acute rabbit experimental colitis

Abstract Background/Aims: Sensory nerves appear to have a protective effect against acute injury in the gastric mucosa. Their function in the intestine is unclear. Methods: In this study an immune-complex model of colitis was used to induce inflammation in the distal colon with and without functional ablation of sensory neurons by capsaicin pretreatment. Results: Colitis was more severe in the capsaicin-pretreated group than in the vehicle group 48 and 96 hours after induction of colitis. Neutrophil infiltration, expressed as inflammatory index, was significantly increased to 4.25 ± 0.4 vs. 1.83 ± 0.5 at 48 hours and to 2.66 ± 0.6 vs. 1.65 ± 0.3 at 96 hours in the capsaicin group and the vehicle group, respectively. The microscopic ulcer index also was significantly increased in the capsaicin-pretreated group compared with the vehicle group (63.3 ± 10.6 vs. 3.3 ± 2.4 at 48 hours, 20.0 ± 8.4 vs. 1.5 ± 1.1 at 96 hours). Immunoreactive substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contents were decreased in extracts of inflamed compared with uninflamed colon. Conclusions: These data suggest that sensory neurons have a protective role in an acute rabbit model of experimental colitis by release of sensory neuropeptides (SP, CGRP), which may modulate vascular tone and mucosal blood flow.
Pharmacokinetic Properties and Tolerability of Single-Dose Terbutaline in Patients with Severe Asthma Treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background: Asthmatic children requiring treatment in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) receive aggressive drug therapy that may include IV administration of β2-receptor agonists to prevent progression to life-threatening respiratory failure. The only pharmacologic agent in this class currently available for parenteral use in the United States is terbutaline. Study of IV dosing of terbutaline in the pediatric population has been limited. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and tolerability of single-dose terbutaline in pediatric patients across a broad age range who were admitted to the PICU and were receiving maximal conventional asthma drug therapy. Methods: This study was conducted at the PICU at Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital (Cleveland, Ohio). Patients aged 6 months to 16 years with severe exacerbation of reactive airways disease and who were undergoing maximal conventional therapy and had an arterial catheter were enrolled. Patients were arbitrarily assigned to receive a single IV infusion of 1 of 3 doses of terbutaline (10, 20, or 30 μg/kg), infused over 5 minutes. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of plasma terbutaline concentrations just before terbutaline was administered (baseline), immediately on completion of the IV infusion, and at 10, 20, and 40 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 72 hours after the 5-minute infusion. PK properties (elimination half-life [tl2], mean residence time [MRT], apparent steady-state volume of distribution [Vdss], and total body clearance [CI]) were determined and adverse effects were recorded. Results: The determination of terbutaline PK properties was possible in 50 of 56 enrolled patients (31 boys, 19 girls; mean [SD] age, 6.5 [4.5] years). The PK properties of terbutaline were linear over the dose range studied and, with the exception of the expected dose-dependent increases in peak terbutaline plasma concentration and area under the terbutaline plasma concentration-time curve, no statistically significant differences were observed in PK relative to dose. Therefore, we pooled the data for all subsequent analyses. Statistically significant correlations with patient age were observed with tl2 (r = 0.4, P < 0.006), MRT (r = 0.4, P < 0.002), and Vdss (r = 0.33, P < 0.02), but not C1 (r = −0.03, P = NS). Single-dose terbutaline administration was generally well tolerated. Conclusions: Single-dose IV terbutaline was well tolerated in this study. In maximally treated asthmatic patients in the PICU, terbutaline elimination may be more rapid than in nonacutely ill children. These PK data suggest that if the drug is to be administered intravenously, the continuous IV infusion method, including loading doses for any subsequent dose escalations, may be the most appropriate. The influence of age and safety of long-term, continuous terbutaline IV infusion requires further study.
Epidemiologie study of the mallet finger deformity

An epidemiologic survey of 24 members of a three-generation family revealed an unusually high incidence of mallet fingers. Twenty mallet fingers were found in seven family members by clinical examination, suggesting a familial predisposition to develop this deformity. Multiple mallet fingers (range, two to six) occurred in four individuals. Classification of these mallet fingers based on the mechanism of injury demonstrated a high incidence (85%) resulting from minimal trauma or occurring spontaneously. Symptoms and signs of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome were documented in five family members with mallet fingers (71%), and three individuals with mallet finger deformities also had associated trigger fingers (43%).
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Formation of Endothelial Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential

Background— Endothelial dysfunction is emerging as a common denominator for diverse and highly prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Increased level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and procoagulant activity have been recognized as hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction. This study was aimed at investigating cellular actions of PAI-1 and a potential link between PAI-1 and procoagulant state. Methods and Results— Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with PAI-1 were subjected to laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, and FACS analysis for isolation and identification of endothelial microparticles. PAI-1 treatment resulted in a reduced expression of uPAR, its colocalization with caveolin, and the concomitant increase of uPAR abundance in the culture medium. FACS analysis revealed that PAI-1 rapidly and dose-dependently increased the number of endothelial microparticles expressing uPAR and αVβ3 integrin. This process was attenuated by pretreatment wi...
False ring formation in eastern hemlock branches: impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid and elongate hemlock scale.

Herbivores can alter plant physiology through the induction of abnormal wood formation. Feeding by some insects induces the formation of false rings, a band of thick-walled latewood cells within the earlywood portion of the tree ring that reduces water transport. Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) and elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa Ferris) are invasive insects that both feed on eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere]. Adelges tsugae has a greater effect on tree health than F. externa, but the mechanism underlying their differential effect is unknown. We explored the effects of these herbivores by assessing growth ring formation in branches of trees that had been experimentally infested for 4 yr with A. tsugae, F. externa, or neither insect. We measured false ring density, ring growth, and earlywood: latewood ratios in the two most recently deposited growth rings. Branches from A. tsugae-infested trees had 30% more false rings than branches from F. externa-infested trees and 50% more than branches from uninfested trees. In contrast, branches from F. externa-infested trees and control trees did not differ in false ring formation. Radial growth and earlywood: latewood ratios did not differ among treatments. Our results show that two invasive herbivores with piercing-sucking mouth parts have differing effects on false ring formation in eastern hemlock. These false rings may be the product of a systemic plant hypersensitive response to feeding by A. tsugae on hemlock stems. If false rings are responsible for or symptomatic of hemlock water stress, this may provide a potential explanation for the relatively large effect of A. tsugae infestations on tree health.
Performance of a hierarchically interconnected multiprocessor

A queuing model of a parallel processor with an interconnection network incorporating a hierarchy of paths is developed and analyzed. The model captures the behavior of the processors, the interconnection network, and the storage modules. The network considered includes fast paths that operate in the absence of contention and alternate paths with contention resolution. The network overall performance is shown to be close to that of a contention-free network of fast paths. It is shown that, as the load varies, this hierarchical interconnection network is robust with respect to ideal networks with no delay. An analysis of the effects of hot spots shows that processor throughput is limited by storage rather than communications bandwidth and that an upper bound on the processor utilization is inversely proportional to the miss probability. The analysis suggests that a fetch-and-add network could be incorporated into a connection hierarchy whose average performance is close to that of a network with no combining, so this may be an effective way to handle hot spots without much penalty to overall system performance. >
ARDS--long term follow up.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinically defined entities describing the severity of diffuse alveolar injury caused by direct or indirect injury to the lung. The definitions of ALI and ARDS which were formally defined by the American European Consensus Conference on ARDS in 1994 are widely accepted in adult trials, but are hardly used in pediatric studies on critically ill children. Most pediatric studies use the term ‘‘acute hypoxemic respiratory failure’’ without a uniform definition, because many children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure do not fulfill all criteria required for ARDS. Applying strict ARDS criteria in pediatric studies would often reduce the study population to a small and hardly representative sample. ALI and ARDS are rare diseases in children and have a high mortality with rates reported in the range of 30– 75%. Pediatric ARDS is characterized by a large case mix and is often lumped with respect to the underlying cause. Mortality appears to be related primarily to the associated and underlying diagnoses. Death is an infrequent end-point in previously healthy children in whom the lung is the only failing organ. Hence, follow-up data on children who survived acute hypoxemic respiratory failure are very scarce and even scarcer for true ARDS.
Structure and Process of Infrared Hot Electron Transistor Arrays

An infrared hot-electron transistor (IHET) 5 × 8 array with a common base configuration that allows two-terminal readout integration was investigated and fabricated for the first time. The IHET structure provides a maximum factor of six in improvement in the photocurrent to dark current ratio compared to the basic quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP), and hence it improved the array S/N ratio by the same factor. The study also showed for the first time that there is no electrical cross-talk among individual detectors, even though they share the same emitter and base contacts. Thus, the IHET structure is compatible with existing electronic readout circuits for photoconductors in producing sensitive focal plane arrays.
What is a planet” When is a discovery?

The news item above reports on the sighting of a planet outside our solar system, the first time such a discovery has been made. As with many scientific discoveries, however, things are not quite as simple as they seem. The problem with this discovery is that the two groups of astronomers invoked cannot quite agree on who saw what first. Or to put it another way: When is a planet not a planet but a Brown Dwarf and when is a discovery not a discovery but a confirmation? Astronomers from the U.S. Naval Observatory and the University of Arizona are having a little trouble sorting this out. Both groups do agree on the data. A substellar body has been directly and indirectly observed orbiting the intrinsically faint star Van Biesbroeck 8 (VB S) in a constellation of the Milky Way. In fact, both groups agree that the observed substellar body can be called a Brown Dwarf. The definition of a Brown Dwarf, it is agreed, lies somewhere in between the definition of a planet and that of a star. Herein lies the crux: can a Brown Dwarf be called a planet? Richard Harrington, an astronomer with the U.S. Naval Observatory, says that a Brown Dwarf is not a planet. Donald McCarthy, of the University of Arizona, says that it is.
Perturbation Theory and the Parton Model in QCD

We prove that for any process which admits a parton-model interpretation, the naive parton model can be modified to include the effects of QCD interactions to all orders in perturbation theory. This requires that the mass singularities in quark and gluon inclusive cross sections factor into universal functions which renormalize the naive parton model distribution and decay functions. We prove that this factorization takes place for all leading and non-leading logs and thus check consistency of the parton model to all orders in perturbation theory.
The Implications of Rorty's Post-Foundational "Moral Imagination" for Teaching Business Ethics.

As one of the most influential commentators on the role of modern philosophy, Richard Rorty’s work impacted all areas of philosophical inquiry, including business ethics. Rorty’s post-foundational approach to “moral imagination” can inform how we teach business ethics in a diverse and philosophically eclectic manner. A summary of Rorty’s critique of philosophy, ethics, and applied ethics will be followed by a discussion of the implications for a critical pedagogy and the pragmatic use of an expansive philosophical lexicon in a business ethics course.
High-gain observers in the presence of measurement noise: A nonlinear gain approach

This paper studies a high-gain observer with a nonlinear gain. The nonlinearity is chosen to have a higher observer gain during the transient period and a lower gain afterwards, thus overcoming the tradeoff between fast state reconstruction and measurement noise attenuation. The observer is designed such that the behavior of the innovation process can be controlled separately from the other system states. This is accomplished by assigning one fast eigenvalue, with the remaining eigenvalues chosen relatively slow. Without this key step, the stability analysis for the proposed observer is unattainable. Recently, a switched observer approach has been investigated, but the nonlinear gain approach bypasses the complications associated with switching, with little to no appreciable degradation in performance. This paper presents a new model for the nonlinear observer, accompanied by a discussion focusing on the main ideas behind the proof.
Annotated bibliography of NINR findings on women's health in pregnancy and childbirth: 2008 update.

A new program designed to help nurses teach parents and child caregivers about risk factors and protective practices for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is now available from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Continuing Education Program on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Risk Reduction was developed by the NIH ’ s National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), in collaboration with national nursing and health organizations.
Costoclavicular venous decompression in patients with threatened arteriovenous hemodialysis access.

Background Autologous arteriovenous fistulas are frequently threatened by central venous obstruction. Although this is frequently ascribed to indwelling catheters and neointimal venous remodeling, we believe that extrinsic compression of the subclavian vein as it passes through the costoclavicular junction (CCJ) may play a significant role in a subset of dialysis patients. Methods We reviewed our experience with CCJ decompression for arteriovenous fistula dysfunction at our institution. Decompression followed principles for venous thoracic outlet syndrome: bony decompression with thorough venolysis, followed by central venography through the fistula and endoluminal treatment, if necessary. Patients underwent transaxillary first rib resection, or claviculectomy in the supine position in cases when reconstruction was anticipated. In all cases, the minimum exposure included 360° mobilization of the subclavian vein with resection of surrounding cicatrix to the jugular/innominate junction. Results A total of 10 patients requiring decompression between November 2008 and February 2010 were included. All had severe arm swelling, four had dialysis dysfunction (postcannulation bleeding or maturation failure), two had severe arm pain, and one had a pseudoaneurysm. All patients had subclavian vein stenosis at the CCJ by venography or intravascular ultrasound. The majority of patients had balloon dilation (mean: 2.3 attempts) without success. Six patients underwent transaxillary first rib resection and four had medial claviculectomy. No patients required surgical venous reconstruction. In all, 80% of fistulas remained functionally patent, and all but one patient (who underwent ligation) had complete relief of upper arm edema. Median hospital length of stay was 2 days and mean follow-up was 7 months (range, 1-13). There was no mortality or significant morbidity. Five patients later required central venoplasty (four subclavian, mean: 1.8 attempts and one innominate) and three had stents placed (two subclavian, one innominate). Conclusion A significant number of patients with threatened AV access owing to central venous obstruction have lesions attributable to compression at the CCJ. Surgical decompression by means of first rib or clavicular resection and thorough external venoloysis allowed symptom-free functional salvage in 80% of these patients, all of whom would have lost their access otherwise. Because surgical reconstruction is seldom needed, the transaxillary approach may be preferable to claviculectomy. This lesion should be specifically looked for, and principles of venous thoracic outlet syndrome treatment seem to apply and be effective.
Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000

BACKGROUND: Mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal-grain products was introduced in the United States in 1998 to decrease the risk that women will have children with neural tube defects. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effect of folic acid fortification on concentrations of serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B-12, and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the US population. DESIGN: Blood was collected from a nationally representative sample of [approximately]7300 participants aged [>/=]3 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 1999-2000 and was analyzed for these B vitamin-status indicators. The results were compared with findings from the prefortification survey NHANES III (1988-1994). RESULTS: The reference ranges (5th-95th percentiles) were 13.1-74.3 nmol/L for serum folate, 347-1167 nmol/L for RBC folate, and 179-738 pmol/L for serum vitamin B-12. For plasma tHcy and MMA, the reference ranges for serum vitamin B-12-replete participants with normal serum creatinine concentrations were 3.2-10.7 [micro]mol/L and 60-210 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of low serum folate concentrations ( 45.3 nmol/L) increased from 7% before to 38% after fortification; 3% had marginally low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations ( 370 nmol/L). Seventy-eight percent of the US population had plasma tHcy concentrations <9 [micro]mol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Every segment of the US population appears to benefit from folic acid fortification. Continued monitoring of B vitamin concentrations in the US population is warranted.
All-optical quasi-phase-Matching techniuqes in high-harmonic generation

Weak counter-propagating pulse trains or multiple quasi-cw waves can induce complex amplitude and phase modulated structures in the high-harmonic field. These ldquophotonicrdquo structures can be used for quasi-phase-matching the high-harmonic generation process.
Face recognition in a meeting room

We investigate the recognition of human faces in a meeting room. The major challenges of identifying human faces in this environment include low quality of input images, poor illumination, unrestricted head poses and continuously changing facial expressions and occlusion. In order to address these problems we propose a novel algorithm, dynamic space warping (DSW). The basic idea of the algorithm is to combine local features under certain spatial constraints. We compare DSW with the eigenface approach on data collected from various meetings. We have tested both front and profile face images and images with two stages of occlusion. The experimental results indicate that the DSW approach outperforms the eigenface approach in both cases.
Analysis of the contact conditions between chip and tool using nanostructured coated cutting tools

The stages of contact between a metal chip of AISI 1018 steel and a coated cutting tool creates significant opportunities for manufacturers of machined products to understand how dry machining and minimum quantity lubrication affects the economics of manufacturing. The present work not only compares various computational approaches to the solution of shear plane and tool face temperatures during dry machining with nanostructured coated milling tools, but also explains why there is a large discrepancy when calculating temperature generated during machining when using Loewen and Shaw's method for calculating shear plane and tool face temperatures.
Managerial Incentives and Shift of Risk-Taking in Hedge Funds

We examine the interaction between various managerial incentives and shifts in risk assumed by hedge fund managers. With a more comprehensive and flexible proxy for hedge fund's compensation option, we are able to explore the impact on shift of risk-taking over a window of three years from "monetary incentive" which comes from asymmetric compensation structure and "impatience incentive" which arises as managers get anxious to do something facing unsatisfactory fund performance. We find that "monetary incentive" affects managers in certain strategies (mostly equity hedge) with certain fund characteristics (medium-sized, medium-aged, high management fees). "Impatience incentive" is found to play a consistent role in shift of risk-taking. We also find evidence for the impacts of "survival incentive" and "prestige incentive" to be consistent with the literature, that a fund has incentives to reduce volatility even with poor performance when survival pressure is eminent. Hedge funds also shift their risk-taking in response to relative performance in a tournament setting: they increase volatility in response to poor relative performance and do the reverse to lock in the good relative performance. Due to the high level of heterogeneity in hedge fund managers, liquidity level varies across strategies. The less liquid strategies like convertible arbitrage, distressed securities, are constrained to shift their risk-taking within a one-year period. The more liquid strategies, like equity hedge, however, as a group are found to shift their risk-taking significantly more than the less liquid group.
CONTROL OF CELL MULTIPLICATION IN EPIDERMIS.

SummaryExcision of a piece of skin, including epidermis and superficial dermis, from the dorsum of the ear of a hamster resulted in marked proliferation of cells in the ventral epidermis opposite the wound. Restoration of the excised tissue by grafting suppressed this hyperplastic response by 30 to 75% at various times, indicating that tissue-specific inhibition of mitotic activity occurs in epidermis. The suppression of host cell proliferation was correlated with the presence of tritium labelled thymidine within the graft cells. This suggests that metabolic activity within the graft, rather than the mere presence of a graft in the defect, is necessary for the inhibition of cell multiplication in the host epidermis.
The present situation and the development tendency of hospital medical record management

At present, the hospital medical record management has gradually from the simple information management to modern management, with the continuous development of society, the hospital medical record management more and more be taken seriously, with the transformation of medical model, medical record management is faced with challenges, this paper discusses the present situation of medical record management and developing trends are analyzed in the paper.
Research on testing of IEC 61850 configuration files

The IEC 61850 configuration files are introduced,the importance of its test is analyzed,some testing tools widely used nowadays are studied and the checking points of these tools are summarized.Then according to the test ability of all these tools,proper testing schemes are put forward.Besides,through the study on the engineering application,mandatory contents for testing are concluded.After the analysis of some typical problems which occur in the testing process,the standard of testing the extended data and the correct use of some data attributes types which have a inconsistent definition in the standards are proposed.At the end of this paper,the aspects of testing needed to be improved are listed.The limitations of the testing and the direction of its development are discussed as well.
Correction for Sandoz et al., Complementation of Arginine Auxotrophy for Genetic Transformation of Coxiella burnetii by Use of a Defined Axenic Medium.

Volume 82, no. 10, p. 3042–3051, 2016. Page 3043, Table 1: The mM value of calcium chloride should read “0.089.” The mg/ml and mM values of sodium phosphate dibasic should read “0.10” and “0.704,” respectively. The mg/ml and mM values of sodium bicarbonate should read “0.25” and
HARNESSING VALUES TO PROMOTE MOTIVATION IN EDUCATION.

Abstract Purpose We review the interventions that promote motivation in academic contexts, with a focus on two primary questions: How can we motivate students to take more STEM courses? Once in those STEM courses, how can we keep students motivated and promote their academic achievement? Design/methodology/approach We have approached these two motivational questions from several perspectives, examining the theoretical issues with basic laboratory research, conducting longitudinal questionnaire studies in classrooms, and developing interventions implemented in different STEM contexts. Our research is grounded in three theories that we believe are complementary: expectancy-value theory (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), interest theory (Hidi & Renninger, 2006), and self-affirmation theory (Steele, 1988). As social psychologists, we have focused on motivational theory and used experimental methods, with an emphasis on values – students’ perceptions of the value of academic tasks and students’ personal values that shape their experiences in academic contexts. Findings We review the experimental field studies in high-school science and college psychology classes, in which utility-value interventions promoted interest and performance for high-school students in science classes and for undergraduate students in psychology courses. We also review a randomized intervention in which parents received information about the utility value of math and science for their teens in high school; this intervention led students to take nearly one semester more of science and mathematics, compared with the control group. Finally, we review an experimental study of values affirmation in a college biology course and found that the intervention improved performance and retention for first-generation college students, closing the social-class achievement gap by 50%. We conclude by discussing the mechanisms through which these interventions work. Originality/value These interventions are exciting for their broad applicability in improving students’ academic choices and performance, they are also exciting regarding their potential for contributions to basic science. The combination of laboratory experiments and field experiments is advancing our understanding of the motivational principles and almost certainly will continue to do so. At the same time, interventions may benefit from becoming increasingly targeted at specific motivational processes that are effective with particular groups or in particular contexts.
Two-Pass Herbicide Programs for Weed Control in Corn

The purpose of this study was to evaluate weed control and crop injury for various soybean herbicide programs utilizing both preemergence and postemergence applications.
CHAPTER 18 – The Growth Hormone IGF-I Axis and Menopause

Menopause is associated with major changes in several endocrine systems, not the least of which is the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I (GH/IGF-I) axis. There is very strong evidence that growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I are essential for maintaining homeostatic balance in the skeleton and other tissues over the lifetime of an individual. IGFs are one of several coupling factors that link bone resorption to bone formation, thereby maintaining adult bone mass. IGF-I also mediates linear growth and acts in an endocrine manner to modulate growth hormone activity in adolescence and during most stages of adult life. More importantly, emerging data suggest that IGF-I expression is heritable, and that the absolute levels of serum IGF-I can affect the expression of several disorders of the menopausal period. On balance, there can be little debate that the IGFs are essential growth factors for the proper function of many tissues. However, more longitudinal studies will be needed to confirm causal relationships between changes in circulating IGF-I and bone mineral density, breast cancer, and heart disease. The therapeutic role of GH in modulating changes in postmenopausal tissues also remains to be determined. But, there are clearly effects from HRT that are mediated through the IGF regulatory system. Hence, the interaction between gonadal steroids and the growth hormone IGF-I axis will continue to remain an area of intense investigations.
MAGNETIC FIELD OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

This chapter discusses the principles of magnetic field of electric current. Electric currents create magnetic fields. This discovery by Oersted has been described quantitatively in two distinct ways: (1) Biot and Savart proposed a relation in differential form that is somewhat analogous to a differential form of Coulomb's law of electrostatics, and (2) Ampere devised a law—an integral equation—that differs in form from the law of Biot and Savart. The law of Biot and Savart can be applied to a straight-line segment of an electric current circuit to yield the magnetic field produced by that portion of the circuit. However, Ampere's law is applied to calculate the magnetic field of a long straight wire, and obtain the same result obtained with the law of Biot and Savart. To provide a picture and a qualitative understanding of the magnetic field, Faraday's interpretation of magnetic field lines is developed. The force exerted on one electric current by the magnetic field of a second current has been calculated. This result is used to define the ampere in terms of the force between two parallel current-carrying conductors.
Microbial Control of Insect Pests of Turfgrass

Abstract Use of microbial control agents (MCAs) in turfgrass is very limited due to high turf quality standards and competition from synthetic insecticides. The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana are available for the control of surface feeding insects (but little efficacy data is available) and white grubs (performance is variable and often unsatisfactory). The use of scarab-active Bacillus thuringiensis strains has been limited by significant differences in performance against different important white grub species. Paenibacillus popilliae use against Japanese beetle larvae is limited by availability and inconsistent performance. In New Zealand, Serratia entomophila is used commercially against Costelytra zealandica in pastures. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have shown good control of caterpillars, billbugs, mole crickets, and many white grub species. However, poor shelf life and poor ease-of-use impinge on the wider use of EPN products. The use of MCAs could be increased by more systematically exploiting their ability to recycle and provide long-term pest suppression. Significant increases in MCA use will likely happen only through education and legislation.
Light Bulbs or Seeds? How Metaphors for Ideas Influence Judgments About Genius:

Ideas are commonly described using metaphors; a bright idea appears like a “light bulb” or the “seed” of an idea takes root. However, little is known about how these metaphors may shape beliefs abo...
Recent trends in the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

AbstractWith the increasing proportion of the global geriatric population, it becomes obvious that neurodegenerative diseases will become more widespread. From an epidemiological standpoint, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic agents for the management of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders. An important approach in this regard involves the use of the transdermal route. With transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), it is possible to modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of these medications and improve patient compliance. Transdermal drug delivery has also been shown to be useful for drugs with short half-life and low or unpredictable bioavailability. In this review, several transdermal drug delivery enhancement technologies are being discussed in relation to the delivery of medications used for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
Modeling Resonant Cavities for Single-Photon Waveguide Sources

Spectral correlations between photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in bulk non-linear optical crystals remain a hindrance to the implementation of efficient quantum communication architectures. It has been demonstrated that SPDC within a distributed micro-cavity can result in little or no correlation between photon pairs. We present results on modeling three different cavity configurations based on integrated Bragg gratings. Output from the SPDC process can be tailored by altering the periodicity and geometry of such nanostructures. We will discuss the merits of each cavity configuration from the standpoint of degenerate type-II SPDC.
Self-management interventions in pediatric epilepsy: What is the level of evidence?

SummaryObjective To respond to recommendations put forth by the Institute of Medicine to improve self-management resources for youth with epilepsy by conducting a systematic review of the self-management literature in pediatric epilepsy. Methods Inclusion criteria: youth birth to 18 years with a seizure disorder or an epilepsy diagnosis and/or their caregivers, published 1985–2014 in English, and conducted in countries with a very high human development index. Abstract and keywords had to explicitly refer to “self-care” (pre-1996) and/or self-management (post-1996). The review was conducted in seven phases: (1) identification of bibliographical search criteria and databases; (2) abstract assessment; (3) full article review; (4) organization of final citations into instrument development, intervention, factors associated with self-management categories; (5) American Academy of Neurology level of evidence (LOE) assessment for intervention studies; (6) CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) evaluation of LOE level III articles utilizing a control group; and (7) categorization of intervention outcomes across four self-management domains. Results Of the 87 articles that met eligibility criteria, 24 were interventions and received LOE scores of level III or IV. Most studies (n = 20, 80%) were scored at level III; however, only eight had a control group and adhered to CONSORT guidelines. They largely neglected information on intervention components (e.g., implementation, treatment fidelity), randomization, participant flow, missing data, and effect size or confidence intervals. The 24 intervention studies reported significant impact in four domains: individual (n = 13), family (n = 6), health care system (n = 3), and community (n = 2). Significance There are no level I or II studies. No study met full CONSORT guidelines. Outcomes were well described; however, the nature of self-management interventions (e.g., multiple foci, skills targeted) and the observed heterogeneity in outcomes complicates comparisons across studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that include large sample sizes, impact of the intervention, treatment fidelity, and power analyses are necessary to further this evidence base.
P075 : VARIABLE ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON PLATELETS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIGEN-NEGATIVE PLATELET SELECTION

Aim Our center has a homogeneous platelet donor population, yet heterogeneous platelet recipient population. Therefore, for ongoing support of our refractory patients, we would prefer to use the Single Antigen Bead (SAB; Luminex) results to select platelets equivalent to a crossmatch negative platelet. Our preliminary step for establishing a ‘virtual’ crossmatch, similar to what is done for the solid organ transplant population, is to better understand the relationship between Mean Florescence Intensity (MFI) and the platelet crossmatch. Methods Three patient samples were identified with relative mono-specificity (A2, A3, and B27), and selected based on single antigen bead study (Luminex). These sera were diluted and the MFI was determined on each dilution. Twenty-four antigen-positive platelet units were crossmatched (CaptureP, Immucor) with multiple dilutions of the relevant sera, targeted for approximate MFI. The strength of the platelet crossmatch was graded by two technologists, blinded to the dilution, with 4+ being strong positive to 1+ being weak positive. Results All 24 antigen-positive platelet units were positive at MFI 10,000 or greater, yet negative at MFI 4000 (see table). There was platelet-specific variability between MFI 8000 and MFI 6000. Conclusion These results are consistent with variability of antigen expression by platelets. Therefore, a single MFI cut-off for selecting antigen-negative platelets may not be ideal for patient care. Depending on platelet availability, one may choose to utilize a more restrictive or liberal MFI threshold when deciding which antigens to select against. J. Kreuter: Other (Identify); Company/Organization; Immucor. P. Duellman: Other (Identify); Company/Organization; Immucor. S. De Goey: Other (Identify); Company/Organization; Immucor.
Targeting the duality of cancer.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and is an increasing cause of death in the developing world. While there is great heterogeneity in the anatomic site and mutations involved in human cancer, there are common features, including immortal growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis evasion, and other features, that are common to most if not all cancers. However, new features of human cancers have been found as a result of clinical use of novel “targeted therapies,” angiogenesis inhibitors, and immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. These findings indicate that cancer is a moving target, which can change signaling and metabolic features based upon the therapies offered. It is well-known that there is significant heterogeneity within a tumor and it is possible that treatment might reduce the heterogeneity as a tumor adapts to therapy and, thus, a tumor might be synchronized, even if there is no major clinical response. Understanding this concept is important, as concurrent and sequential therapies might lead to improved tumor responses and cures. We posit that the repertoire of tumor responses is both predictable and limited, thus giving hope that eventually we can be more effective against solid tumors. Currently, among solid tumors, we observe a response of 1/3 of tumors to immunotherapy, perhaps less to angiogenesis inhibition, a varied response to targeted therapies, with relapse and resistance being the rule, and a large fraction being insensitive to all of these therapies, thus requiring the older therapies of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Tumor phenotypes can be seen as a continuum between binary extremes, which will be discussed further. The biology of cancer is undoubtedly more complex than duality, but thinking of cancer as a duality may help scientists and oncologists discover optimal treatments that can be given either simultaneously or sequentially.
Student Thoughts About Suicide

792 University of Cincinnati students were interviewed via a questionnaire designed to examine the frequency and severity of suicidal thought. Nearly 30% of the students sampled admitted thinking about their own suicide during the ongoing academic year. Approximately 10% of the Ss who admitted having suicidal thoughts rated their thoughts as “Very serious.” Frequency and degree of suicidal thought was not related to the variables of sex, academic year, or area of academic concentration.
Fat Bodies, Health and the Media, by Jayne Raisborough. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

In Fat Bodies, Health and the Media, Jayne Raisborough examines the role of media, specifically reality television weight-loss shows, in producing cultural notions of fatness while shaping current ...
A Contrast Grating Treatment for Amblyopia: A Pilot Study

Twenty patients received contrast grating treatment for strabismus and anisometropic amblyopia. Minimal improvement of 1.5 lines at the distance and 2.5 lines at, near was not considered an improve...