cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schedule-induced cocaine drinking: choice between cocaine and vehicle.

Abstract Rats were exposed to daily 3-hr schedule-induced polydipsia sessions (fixed-time 1-min food-pellet delivery) with two drinking fluids available: cocaine solution and water. Fluid position was alternated daily. Polydipsia occurred mostly from a preferred-side spout (position preference) until cocaine solution concentration was increased to between 0.52 and 1.04 mg/ml and animals drank mostly water. Within a lower concentration range (0.28–0.6 mg/ml) maximum session cocaine intakes ranged from 54.3 to 120.1 mg/kg. Postsession serum cocaime levels were about 200 ng/ml. At individually chosen cocaine solution concentrations, the addition of saccharin to the solution did not increase cocaine intake, but a compound solution (saccharin plus glucose) did. With progressive dilution of the compound vehicle, an almost complete preference for cocaine solution was maintained. But with a return to water as the vehicle, animals reverted to a position preference after a few sessions, although one maintained a clear cocaine preference. Schedule-induced polydipsia produced chronic, oral self-administration of cocaine resulting in pharmacologically significant intakes and serum levels.
Detailed Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Graphene-Edge Growth

A new detailed chemical-kinetic Monte Carlo model of graphene-edge growth is presented. The model employs a fine-grained approach to chemically resolved species, allows for incorporation of five-member rings into growing structures, and links the stochastic kinetic steps to a geometry optimization, thereby properly accounting for curving of molecular structures. The evolving morphology is greatly affected by the rates of key reactions and hence by surface-site steric environment and gas-phase species concentrations. The evolving graphene morphology and growth rates seemingly reach “asymptotic” behavior, independent of the initial substrate. Most noteworthy, growing layers become significantly curved. The curvature occurs regardless of initial substrate at both 1500 and 2000 K with higher curvature occurring at the lower temperature. More intriguing is the observation that, at 2000 K, transition from planar to curved growth does not commence immediately but occurs at some later time, seemingly when the gro...
Hadronic production with a Drell-Yan trigger

The ratio of cross sections for producing fast ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}'\mathrm{s}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}'\mathrm{s}$ in association with a massive dilepton should be a strongly varying function of the mass of the pair, reducing at small mass to its value in the absence of a pair. For $\frac{{{M}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{2}}{s}g0.1$, the $\frac{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}}{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ratio should fall by a factor of 1.7 in the reactions $p+\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})+X$ and $p+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})+X$, rise by a factor of 2.6 in $p+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})+X$, and fall by about 25% in $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})+X$.
NanoPort: a web portal for nanoscale science and technology

Michael Chau, Hsinchun Chen, Jialun Qin, Yilu Zhou, Wai-Ki Sung, Yongchi Chen, Yi Qin, Daniel McDonald, Ann Lally, Matthew Landon Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Management Information Systems The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA 1-520-621-2748 {mchau, hchen, qin, yilu, wai-ki}@bpa.arizona.edu, mark@ai.bpa.arizona.edu, {yiqin, dmm, alally}@bpa.arizona.edu, mlandon@u.arizona.edu
Fecal Metabolites of Testosterone-4-14C in the Bovine Male Castrate

A bovine male castrate (steer) was injected subcutaneously with 120 mg of testosterone- 4-14C (385 μc). In the first 24 hr radioactivity equivalent to 15 mg of testosterone-14C was excreted in fecal metabolites, all of which appeared in the nonconjugated state. Two of at least 6 steroid metabolites were identified. Epitestosterone- 14C (17α-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) accounted for 37% of the 14C excreted and was isolated in crystalline form. Its specific activity was approximately half that of the injected testosterone-14C. A new metabolite, 17α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-3-one, accounted for 17% of the excreted radioactivity. (Endocrinology 78: 907, 1966)
Medication Non-Adherence After Myocardial Infarction: An Exploration of Modifying Factors

BACKGROUND Medication non-adherence is a major impediment to the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors. A better understanding of the modifying factors underlying medication non-adherence among individuals with known cardiovascular disease may inform approaches for addressing non-adherence.
A Novel Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for the Kinetics of High-Temperature Reaction of SO2 with CaO

FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the kinetics of SO2/CaO reaction at high temperatures, 700 to 1000°C. The estimated kinetic parameters, namely the activation energy (34.7 kcal/mole) and the order with respect to SO2 partial pressure (~0.60 ± 0.02) are in excellent agreement with the earlier reports where thermogravimetric and chemical analysis methods were used, thus supporting MIR spectroscopy as a viable tool for the kinetics of gas/solid reaction at high temperatures.
Locating libraries on a street

Hotelling (1929) studied two competing firms choosing their locations on a street. We consider instead a planner who builds two identical public facilities (e.g., libraries, parks, bridges, etc). We ask a normative question: Where should the planner build these facilities? We prove an axiomatic characterization of the efficient social choice rules that satisfy what is called the replacement-domination, which is a formulation of the idea of “solidarity” among the agents.
Vitrectomy timing for retained lens fragments after surgery for age-related cataracts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of vitrectomy timing on outcomes for patients with crystalline retained lens fragments receiving vitrectomy 3+ days after cataract surgery. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective interventional cases series. Methods Searches of MEDLINE (English, 1/1/85 through 7/30/2010) and article reference lists. Articles were screened for patients with crystalline retained lens fragments after surgery for age-related cataracts, discussion of vitrectomy timing, and, for the meta-analysis, patient totals for at least 1 outcome and multiple time periods, 10+ patients, and mean follow-up ≥3 months. Outcomes included visual acuity, retinal detachment, increased intraocular pressure, intraocular infection/inflammation, cystoid macular edema, and corneal edema. Data extraction was performed twice and quality assessed. Logistic regression estimated study-level odds ratios for each additional 1-week vitrectomy delay. Meta-analysis estimated summary odds ratios using random-effects models. Results Of 257 articles identified, there were 43 unique studies (53 articles) for the systematic review, including 27 (31 articles) for the meta-analysis. Early vitrectomies were statistically significantly associated with better outcomes for not good visual acuity (odds ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04–1.22, P = .005); bad visual acuity (odds ratio: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09, P = .009); previtrectomy retinal detachment (odds ratio: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.01–1.65, P = .038); postvitrectomy retinal detachment (odds ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26, P = .024); increased intraocular pressure (odds ratio: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07–1.41, P = .003); and intraocular infection/inflammation (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.42, P = .041). Results were robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis found significantly better outcomes (visual acuity, retinal detachment, increased intraocular pressure, intraocular infection/inflammation) with earlier vitrectomy for retained lens fragments. Reduced vitrectomy delays may yield better patient outcomes.
Endogenous glucose production during constant glucose infusion in the newborn lamb.

Summary: Prompt diminution of endogenous hepatic glucose production is characteristic of the mature (adult) response to exogenous glucose infusion. We have tested the validity of this hypothesis in the neonatal period in 26 unanesthetized mixed breed term lambs and for comparison in eight 4− to 5-month-old mixed breed sheep. After a 7-hr fast, basal plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations were determined following which the term lambs received either no glucose or 5.7, 11.7, or 21.7 mg glucose/kg/min over a period of 6 hr, and the 5-month-old sheep received either none or 5.7 mg glucose/kg/min. Glucose turnover was determined by the prime-constant infusion technique of Steele using 3H6 radiolabeled glucose during a 50-min turnover period which followed the 6-hr infusion of 0.45% saline or varying doses of glucose following the onset of fasting by 14 hr. Both newborn and adult animals maintained a constant plasma glucose concentration and glucose specific activity during the turnover period. Endogenous glucose production persisted in the term lamb until the exogenous glucose infusion reached the rate of 21.7 mg/kg/min. In contrast, the adult lambs reduced their endogenous glucose production with an exogenous glucose infusion rate of 5.7 mg/kg/min. At the time the endogenous glucose production rates were significantly reduced, the plasma insulin level in the newborn lamb was 5-fold greater than that of the adult sheep. Under steady state conditions of plasma glucose concentration and glucose specific activity, our data suggest that there is imprecise control of endogenous glucose production in the newborn lamb in contrast to the older sheep of 4–5 months of age. The absence of precise control may be due to decreased hepatic sensitivity for insulin.
Ocular manifestations of graft versus host disease.

Purpose of reviewA review of the current literature regarding the ocular manifestations and management of graft versus host disease is presented.Recent findingsA variety of systemic and topical anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory agents, including prednisolone acetate, cyclosporine A, FK506, autol
Photodissolution of coal pyrite

Abstract Coal pyrite has been polarized anodically in the presence and absence of illumination. Photodissolution experiments were also carried out at fixed anodic potentials and the total dissolved iron was determined spectrophotometrically. The experimental data indicate the presence of significant photocurrents resulting in higher dissolution rates in the presence of illumination.
Syntactic features in question answering

Syntactic information potentially plays a much more important role in question answering than it does in information retrieval. Although many people have used syntactic evidence in Question Answering, there haven't been many detailed experiments reported in the literature. The aim of the experiment described in this paper is to study the impact of a particular approach for using syntactic information on question answering effectiveness. Our results indicate that a combination of syntactic information with heuristics for ranking potential answers can perform better than the ranking heuristics on their own.
Effect of rotation on Bunsen flame

Abstract The influence of centrifugal acceleration on the form and stability of the Bunsen burner stabilized flame is studied. It is shown that as the angular velocity of rotation increases, the classical Bunsen cone first slightly buckles at the tip. Buckling then becomes more prominent, and eventually the flame enters the burner. At sufficiently rapid rotation, flame stabilization by the burner rim becomes impossible and the flame flashes back. The theoretical findings are in favorable agreement with the experimental observations made on a rotating Bunsen burner.
Assessment of butadiene exposure in synthetic rubber manufacturing workers in Texas using frequencies of hprt mutant lymphocytes as a biomarker.

1,3-Butadiene (BD), which is used to manufacture synthetic rubber, is a mutagen and carcinogen. Because past occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of leukemia, there has been a dramatic reduction in workplace exposure standards. The health benefits of these reduced levels of occupational exposure to BD will be difficult to evaluate using relatively insensitive traditional epidemiological studies; however, biomarkers can be used to determine whether there are genotoxic effects associated with recent exposures to BD. In past studies of BD-exposed workers in Southeast Texas, we observed an increase in the frequency of lymphocytes with mutations in a reporter gene, hprt. Frequencies of hprt mutant cells correlated with air levels of BD and with the concentration of a BD metabolite in urine. Average exposures to 1–3 parts per million (p.p.m.) of BD were associated with a threefold increase in hprt variant (mutant) frequencies (Vfs). We now report results from a follow-up study of workers in a synthetic rubber plant in Southeast Texas. Thirty-seven workers were evaluated on three occasions over a 2-week period for exposure to BD by the use of personal organic vapor monitors and by determining the concentration of a BD metabolite in urine. The frequency of hprt mutants was determined, by autoradiography, with lymphocyte samples collected 2 weeks after the final exposure measurement. Based on their work locations, the study participants were assigned to high-exposure (N=22) or low-exposure (N=15) groups. The BD exposure, ±standard error, of the workers in the high-exposure group (1.65±0.52 p.p.m.) was significantly greater than the low-exposure group (0.07±0.03 p.p.m.; P<0.01). The frequency of hprt mutant lymphocytes was also significantly different in the two groups (high, 10.67±1.5×10−6; low, 3.54±0.6×10−6; P<0.001). The concentration of the urine metabolite was greater in the high-exposure group, but the difference was not significant. The correlation coefficient between hprt Vf and BD exposure levels was r=0.44 (CI95, 0.11–0.69; P=0.011). This study reproduced the findings from a previous study at this plant. Although studies of butadiene-exposed workers in other countries have not detected an effect of exposure on frequencies of hprt mutant lymphocytes, we have repeatedly observed this result in our studies in Texas.
Elucidation of the double-bond position of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids by multiple-stage linear ion-trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization

Linear ion-trap (LIT) MS2 mass spectrometric approach toward locating the position of double bond(s) of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids and toward discerning among isomeric unsaturated fatty acids as dilithiated adduct ([M-H+2Li]+) ions are described in this report. Upon resonance excitation in a LIT instrument, charge-remote fragmentation that involves beta-cleavage with gamma-H shift (McLafferty rearrangement) is the predominant fragmentation pathway seen for the [M-H+2Li]+ ions of monoenoic long-chain fatty acids. The fragmentation process results in a dilithiated product ion of terminally unsaturated fatty acid, which undergoes consecutive McLafferty rearrangement to eliminate a propylene residue, and gives rise to another dilithiated adduct ion of terminally unsaturated fatty acid. In addition to the above-cited fragmentation process, the [M-H+2Li]+ ions of homoconjugated dienoic long-chain fatty acids also undergo alpha-cleavage(s) with shift of the allylic hydrogen situated between the homoconjugated double bonds to the unsaturated site. These fragmentation pathways lead to two types of CC bond cleavages that are allylic (alpha-cleavage) or vinylic, respectively, to the proximal CC double bond, resulting in two distinct sets of ion series, in which each ion series is separated by a CH2CHCH (40 Da) residue. These latter fragmentations are the predominant processes seen for the polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. The spectrum feature dependent on the position of unsaturated double bond(s) affords unambiguous assignment of the position of double bond(s) of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.
Nucleotide pools and [6-14C]orotic acid incorporation in early regenerating rat liver

Abstract 1. 1. Investigation of nucleotide pools was undertaken as part of a continuing study of changes relevant to nucleic acid synthesis in regenerating rat liver that may occur during the early hours after partial hepatectomy. 2. 2. It has been reported that the ATP/ADP ratio is a useful index of alterations in labile metabolites resulting from unphysiological conditions during tissue sampling. When ether anesthesia was supplemented with 100 % oxygen and liver samples were rapidly frozen in situ , we obtained ATP/ADP ratios that compared favorably with reported values. 3. 3. Under the above conditions, the incorporation of [6- 14 C]orotic acid into uridine phosphates in vivo was determined in 45-min regenerating, normal, and sham hepatectomized control livers of 32–35-day-old female rats fasting 12 h. 4. 4. The 45-min regenerating livers did not differ appreciably from controls in size of ATP or UTP pools, and 70–80 % of both adenosine and uridine phosphates were present in the triphosphate form. 5. 5. The 45-min regenerating livers did differ from controls in the pattern of labeling of uridine phosphates and UDP-sugars. At 2–4 min after injection labeling was similar in all groups, but by 8–16 min activity levels were falling in the controls and still rising in the regenerating livers. The similarity in initial rates implied that these uridine compounds were synthesized at about the same rates in 45-min regenerating and control livers. The divergence at 8–16 min suggested more rapid depletion of a UMP precursor (possibly [ 14 C]orotic acid itself) in the control animals. 6. 6. The specific activity of UTP was higher than UDP, which was higher than UMP. Compartmentation of cellular pools of UMP, UDP (and possibly also UTP) seems the most likely explanation. 7. 7. The results underline the importance of knowledge of the precursor pools for evaluation of biosynthetic processes.
Recombinant endotoxin neutralizing protein improves survival from Escherichia coli sepsis in rats

ObjectiveA recombinant endotoxin neutralizing protein was evaluated for its ability to ameliorate the effects of Escherichia coli sepsis in rats.DesignProspective, controlled animal trial.SettingHospital animal research laboratory.SubjectsWistar rats, treated with gentamicin 1 hr after challenge wit
Knowledge-Based Evolutionary Linkage in MEMS Design Synthesis

Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA) and Case-based Reasoning (CBR) have proven successful in the design of MEMS (Micro-electro-mechanical Systems) suspension systems. This work focuses on CBR, a knowledge-based algorithm, and MOGA to examine how biological analogs that exist between our evolutionary system and nature can be leveraged to produce new promising MEMS designs. Object-oriented data structures of primitive and complex genetic algorithm (GA) elements, using a component-based genotype representation, have been developed to restrict genetic operations to produce feasible design combinations as required by physical limitations or practical constraints. Through the utilization of this data structure, virtual linkage between genes and chromosomes are coded into the properties of pre-defined GA objects. The design challenge involves selecting the right primitive elements, associated data structures, and linkage information that promise to produce the best gene pool for new functional requirements. Our MEMS synthesis framework, with the integration of MOGA and CBR algorithms, deals with the linkage problem by integrating a component-based genotype representation with a CBR automated knowledge-base inspired by biomimetic ontology. Biomimetics is proposed as a means to examine and classify functional requirements so that case-based reasoning algorithms can be used to map design requirements to promising initial conceptual designs and appropriate GA primitives. CBR provides MOGA with good linkage information through past MEMS design cases while MOGA inherits that linkage information through our component-bsased genotype representation. A MEMS resonator test case is used to demonstrate this methodology.
A THREE-LEVEL MODEL FOR PLAN EXPLORATION

In modeling the structure of task-related discourse using plans, it is important to distinguish between plans that the agent has adopted and is pursuing and those that are only being considered and explored, since the kinds of utterances arising from a particular domain plan and the patterns of reference to domain plans and movement within the plan tree are quite different in the two cases. This paper presents a three-level discourse model that uses separate domain and exploration layers, in addition to a layer of discourse metaplans, allowing these distinct behavior patterns and the plan adoption and reconsideration moves they imply to be recognized and modeled.
Deference as a Form of Reciprocity Among Residents in Assisted Living

Although the ability to provide support to others may diminish with age, the desire to reciprocate persists. Using social exchange theory, this article examines deference as one form of exchange. Based on a sample of 31 residents age 85 and older in assisted living facilities, data were gathered via a semi-structured interview that was audiotaped and transcribed. This study analyzes their responses to open-ended questions using qualitative methods. Findings indicate that these “oldest old” respondents reciprocate for the support they receive from family and staff via deference. Four forms of deference are identified: participation, pleasantness, cooperation, and gratitude. In addition, the psychological costs and rewards of deference are examined from the elders’ perspective.
The Lived Experience of Girl-to-Girl Aggression in Marginalized Girls

Girl-to-girl aggression is increasingly being recognized as a health problem, and the number of teenage girls involved in serious fighting is on the rise. Research on the experiences of girl-to-girl aggression in marginalized girls who are out of the mainstream because of poor relationship skills and physical aggression is notably absent, yet this group is at heightened risk for persistent violence. In this study I used the interpretive phenomenological approach to study the lived experience of girl-to-girl aggression in girls who were marginalized and attending an alternative school because of physically aggressive behavior. Data were collected over a 4-month period by means of in-depth interviews and field notes. For this population, girl-to-girl aggression provided self-protection, expressed girls' identity, and was also a means to finding attachment, connection, and friendship. These findings have multidisciplinary implications for interventions with physically aggressive girls, including mentoring programs, in-school support groups, and exploration of a paradigm shift in the use of alternative schools.
Performance metrics of IP multicast sessions

Most research on design and implementation of multicast network systems has concentrated mainly on the capacities of network devices, without completely considering the impact from multicast sessions on network systems. This impact heavily depends on the activities during the life span of multicast sessions, such as the session initialization, communication, termination, and membership management, and on the influence within the overall architecture context of multicast sessions, such as routing devices and protocols. Based on the fundamental rules and principles of multicast sessions, this paper defines performance metrics for IP multicast sessions. The paper summarizes the metrics in four categories: latency, quality of service, group characteristics, and link bandwidth consumptions. Also presented are results from our simulations.
Management of Risk of Microbial Cross-Contamination from Uncooked Frozen Hamburgers by Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

This research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands contaminated with a nonpathogen surrogate for Escherichia coli O157:H7, where the source of the contamination was frozen hamburger patties. A nonpathogenic nalidixic acid–resistant food-grade strain of Enterobacter aerogenes was used to inoculate frozen hamburger patties composed of 76% lean beef and 24% fat. Thirty-two individuals participated to produce the data used in this study. Each participant handled nine patties at least three times, a sample for microbiological analysis was collected from the surface of one hand, the participant sanitized both hands, and a sample was collected from the other hand. Burger handling created perceptible and visible food debris on the hands of most participants. Computer simulations also were used to perform a variety of risk calculations. The average reduction in bacteria from the use of sanitizer on hands contaminated by frozen burgers containing E. aerogenes was...
Global and regional Pathfinder SST fields: characterization and validation

As part of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration's and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pathfinder program in the United States, all of the five-channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Area Coverage (GAC) data for the globe are being reprocessed to a consistent set of sea surface temperature (SST) fields. These fields, at a spatial resolution of 9.28 km and a temporal resolution of 12 hours, are available to the oceanographic community at no cost. Following a description of the Pathfinder project the authors' effort to validate the resulting global SST fields is presented. This effort evaluates climatologies of SST obtained from the global Pathfinder fields through a statistical comparison with the uppermost temperature value for hydrographic data in the 1994 World Ocean Atlas (WOA94) data set. The performance of the Pathfinder AVHRR climatologies is compared with that of previous climatologies and is shown to be superior to these in representing the mean SST state.
Matrix metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors in human interphotoreceptor matrix and vitreous.

PURPOSE. We wished to establish which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs) were present in human interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and vitreous. METHODS. IPM and vitreous were obtained from postmortem human eyebank eyes. Western immunoblots were probed with antibodies against human MMPs and TIMPs. Assays specific for elastase activity were also performed. RESULTS. Immunoblot analysis indicated the presence of MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases A and B), MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) and TIMP-1, -2 and -3 in both IPM and vitreous. MMP-7 (matrilysin) and MMP-12 (metalloelastase) were not found in either IPM or vitreous. CONCLUSIONS. This is the first demonstration of the MMPs and TIMPs in human IPM and of the TIMPs in human vitreous. While these enzymes are most likely involved in normal turnover within the extracellular matrices that surround the neural retina, they may also play a role in a number of retinal diseases, particularly proliferative diabet...
Restoration of normal morphology, adhesion and cytoskeleton in transformed cells by addition of a transformation-sensitive surface protein

Transformed cells lack a large, external, transformation-sensitive (LETS) glycoprotein which is a major surface component of their normal counterparts. Addition of LETS glycoprotein isolated from normal cells to transfomed cells restores certain morphological features and adhesive properties characteristic of normal cells. LETS protein is detected on the cell surface both by iodination using lactoperoxidase and by immunofluorescent staining. The surface distribution pattern detected by immunofluorescence is strikingly similar to that of normal cells. After addition of LETS protein, transformed cells also exhibit well defined actin cables which are not seen in untreated, transformed cells. All these alterations can be blocked by treating LETS protein with specific antisera or by subjecting it to mild trypsinization prior to addition to transformed cells. The effects are rapidly reversible by mild trypsinization, which removes the added LETS protein. The high rate of uptake of 2-deoxyglucose, characteristic of transformed cells, is not affected by LETS protein. These results suggest that LETS protein may have a role in cell attachment and spreading, and affect the organization of cytoskeleton.
Mechanical effects of muscle contraction increase intravascular ATP draining quiescent and active skeletal muscle in humans

Intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) evokes vasodilation and is implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise. Mechanical stresses to erythrocytes and endothelial cells stimulate ATP release in vitro. How mechanical effects of muscle contractions contribute to increased plasma ATP during exercise is largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that simulated mechanical effects of muscle contractions increase [ATP](venous) and ATP effluent in vivo, independent of changes in tissue metabolic demand, and further increase plasma ATP when superimposed with mild-intensity exercise. In young healthy adults, we measured forearm blood flow (FBF) (Doppler ultrasound) and plasma [ATP](v) (luciferin-luciferase assay), then calculated forearm ATP effluent (FBF×[ATP](v)) during rhythmic forearm compressions (RFC) via a blood pressure cuff at three graded pressures (50, 100, and 200 mmHg; Protocol 1; n = 10) and during RFC at 100 mmHg, 5% maximal voluntary contraction rhythmic handgrip exercise (RHG), and combined RFC + RHG (Protocol 2; n = 10). [ATP](v) increased from rest with each cuff pressure (range 144-161 vs. 64 ± 13 nmol/l), and ATP effluent was graded with pressure. In Protocol 2, [ATP](v) increased in each condition compared with rest (RFC: 123 ± 33; RHG: 51 ± 9; RFC + RHG: 96 ± 23 vs. Mean Rest: 42 ± 4 nmol/l; P < 0.05), and ATP effluent was greatest with RFC + RHG (RFC: 5.3 ± 1.4; RHG: 5.3 ± 1.1; RFC + RHG: 11.6 ± 2.7 vs. Mean Rest: 1.2 ± 0.1 nmol/min; P < 0.05). We conclude that the mechanical effects of muscle contraction can 1) independently elevate intravascular ATP draining quiescent skeletal muscle without changes in local metabolism and 2) further augment intravascular ATP during mild exercise associated with increases in metabolism and local deoxygenation; therefore, it is likely one stimulus for increasing intravascular ATP during exercise in humans.
Psychotherapy research with ethnic minorities: Empirical, ethical, and conceptual issues.

There is an increasing demand for psychotherapy among ethnic minority populations. Yet, there is not adequate evidence that empirically supported therapies (ESTs) are effective with ethnic minorities. Ethical guidelines suggest that psychotherapies be modified to become culturally appropriate for ethnic minority persons. Conceptual approaches have identified interdependence, spirituality, and discrimination as considerations for culturally sensitive therapy (CST). However, there is no more empirical support for the efficacy of CSTs than there is for the efficacy of ESTs with ethnic minority populations. The chasm between EST and CST research is a function of differences between methods and researchers in these 2 traditions. Specific recommendations for research collaboration between CST and EST researchers are offered.
Ten conversations about identity preservation

Dynamics in the global food system, along with a cascade of technologies, drive demands for capturing information and sharing information vertically within the supply chain. Food safety, genetic engineering, and animal welfare all have contributed to the need for enhanced information flow within the supply chain. Identity preservation in grains and oilseeds is an emerging issue that may influence the structure of agriculture in the longer term. This research addresses the following questions. While demand for high-information grains appears to be growing, where and how along the supply chain is the value created and captured? Though it appears that the economy demands ever-increasing amounts of differentiation, why do opportunities for producers and life science companies to create and capture significant new sources of value remain elusive? To answer these questions needs assessments were conducted with grain procurement executives. Their responses reveal the "buyer's calculus" where buyers balance investment in specific relationship assets with the market uplift or risk mitigation return it generates. Buying from a competitively structured industry has numerous benefits. There is a "cost" or tradeoff leaving the spot market procurement model in favor of a relationship-based model; hence the calculus. The current equilibrium state reflects the current risk-adjusted value proposition suppliers deliver to end users. Though end-user benefits are on the horizon with the next generation of biotechnologies, their emergence is insufficient to guarantee farmers and life science greater returns. End users will always balance the risk mitigation and market uplift features of a supply offering with the risks of narrowing their supply base. To drive value up the chain, suppliers need to shift away from focusing solely on the products of the future and focus on the technologies, delivery systems, and organizational models that, when bundled with new products solve problems and make end users more competitive.
Determining Prostate Cancer-Specific Death Through Quantification of Stromogenic Carcinoma Area in Prostatectomy Specimens

We previously reported that reactive stroma grading in prostate cancer (PCa) is predictive of biochemical recurrence in prostatectomies and biopsies. In this study, we tested whether quantifying the percentage of reactive stromal grade 3 (RSG 3; stromogenic carcinoma pattern) in the entire tumor is predictive of PCa-specific death. Whole-mount prostatectomies operated by a single surgeon obtained between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. Reactive stroma was evaluated as described previously, and areas of RSG 3 in the entire tumor were registered as percentages of total tumor. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analyses. In all, 872 cases were evaluable. Quantification of RSG 3 percentage was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence, analyzed as a continuous or grouped variable. Patients with higher RSG 3 percentages (larger tumor areas with RSG 3) had a significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with a lower RSG 3 percentage, even within the Gleason score 7 subset of patients. A nomogram introduced this new variable to the model. Furthermore, quantification of RSG 3 percentage was significantly predictive of PCa-specific death. Quantification of the RSG 3 (stromogenic carcinoma) area in PCa provides additional novel information on prognosis. These data substantiate the concept that the tumor microenvironment holds significant predictive information, as well as biological significance.
SHORT-TERM RESPONSE OF WETLAND BIRDS TO PRESCRIBED BURNING IN RAINWATER BASIN WETLANDS

Prescribed burning is often used in wetlands to remove plant litter, decrease woody or invasive species, and increase use by wetland birds. However, little is known about the within-season, short-term response of wetland birds to prescribed burning, especially during spring migration. We surveyed use of 19 burned and 19 unburned (reference) wetlands by migratory birds in the Rainwater Basin region of Nebraska, USA during three spring migrations, 2002-2004. We calculated the change in avian abundance and species richness, as well as generating the Sorenson's similarity index for burned and reference wetlands in the weeks immediately before and after burning. We compared Sorenson's index values and percent change in abundance and species richness between burned and reference wetlands using an analysis of covariance with week and wetland area as covariates to account for migration chronology and differences in the area of experimental units. Following removal of effects due to wetland area and week, burning had no effect on the percent change in avian abundance and species richness. Sorenson's index also did not differ between burned and reference wetlands. Prescribed burning did not improve use of wetlands by migratory birds in the short term. Understanding the immediate and long-term effects of prescribed burning on migratory avian abundance, species richness, and community composition is imperative for management decisions.
Synoptic-Scale Controls on the Sea Breeze of the Central New England Coast

Abstract Using routinely available hourly surface observations and United States surface analyses for 2001, a method was developed for predicting sea-breeze events. The method is adaptable to any coastal region in the world where surface data are available. Specific prediction guidelines have been developed using Portsmouth, New Hampshire, as the forecast site. Using Portsmouth METARs (translated roughly from the French as aviation routine weather report), 167 days were determined to have conditions favorable for the occurrence of a sea breeze. Each of these 167 days are classified as either sea-breeze, marginal, or non-sea-breeze events. Sea breezes were defined as insolation-driven local onshore winds. Marginal events were weak sea breezes. Non-sea-breeze events were those days on which sufficient insolation was present but failed to produce a sea breeze at Portsmouth. The surface analyses for these 167 days were used to define a set of synoptic classes based on the arrangement of large-scale pressure s...
Trends in Cervical Cancer Among Delivery-Related Discharges and its Impact on Maternal-Infant Birth Outcomes (United States, 1998-2009)

Objectives To estimate the national prevalence of cervical cancer (CCA) in women discharged from hospital after delivery, and to examine its associations with birth outcomes. Methods We did a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of maternal hospital discharges in the United States (1998-2009). We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify hospital stays for women who gave birth. We determined length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and used ICD-9-CM codes to identify CCA and all outcomes of interest. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between CCA and feto-maternal outcome. Results In the 12-year period from 1998 to 2009, there were 8,387 delivery hospitalizations with a CCA diagnosis, a prevalence rate of 1.8 per 100,000 (95% CI=1.6, 1.9). After adjusting for potential confounders, CCA was associated with increased odds of maternal morbidities including: anemia (AOR, 1.78, 95% CI, 1.54-2.06), anxiety (AOR, 1.95, 95% CI, 1.11-3.42), cesarean delivery (AOR, 1.67, 95% CI, 1.46-1.90), and prolonged hospital stay (AOR, 1.51, 95% CI, 1.30-1.76), and preterm birth (AOR, 1.69, 95% CI, 1.46-1.97). Conclusion There is a recent increase in the prevalence of CCA during pregnancy. CCA is associated with severe feto-maternal morbidities. Interventions that promote safer sexual practice and regular screening for CCA should be promoted widely among women of reproductive age to effectively reduce the prevalence of CCA during pregnancy and its impact on the health of mother and baby.
Cardiovascular Effects of the Tranquilizers

These agents are now more commonly classified as psychotropic or neuroleptic agents. This indicates a primary mode of action on certain functions of the central nervous system. Many of these agents have a profound effect on the cardiovascular system in addition to, or perhaps because of, their CNS activity. The CNS activity seems to be linked to the blockade of dopamine within the basal ganglia complex. The stereochemical model of chlorpromazine (one of the phenothiazine derivates) is similar to the structures of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine but two–dimensional models of these compounds do not usually make the similarities apparent. Many of these compounds are apparently dopamine antagonists which act on dopamine excitatory receptors.1 The drugs are widely used for chemical restraint and preanesthetic agents when working with animals. The cardiovascular effects are summarized in Tables 3.1–3.9.
PREPATELLAR BURSITIS CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM MARINUM (BALNEI); CASE REPORT, CLASSIFICATION, AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

A case of prepatellar bursitis which, clinically, appeared to be a simple pyogenic infection proved to be an infection with Mycobacterium marinum (balnei). The bacteriology and epidemiology of this acid-fast bacillus is presented. It was one of fifty mycobacterial strains obtained from bone, joint, or other extrapulmonary lesions and cultured at the Mycobacterial Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah. Each of the fifty strains was readily classified as one of nine species or groups. It is important to search not only for tubercle bacilli but also for other acid-fast species in infections of musculoskeletal and soft tissues.
Comparison of [11C]DPA-713 and [11C]PBR28 to measure translocator protein in epilepsy

417 Objectives Translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker for neuroinflammation, is overexpressed ipsilateral to seizure foci in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. We compared two TSPO radioligands, [11C]DPA-713 and [11C]PBR28, to determine which better detects focal inflammation in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on MRI, and which provides better localizing evidence in patients without MRI lesions. Methods We scanned 16 patients (6 MTS) with [11C]DPA-713 and [11C]PBR28. Pre-selected brain regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated using freesurfer and T1-weighted MRI. We defined radioactivity uptake as the average standard uptake value from 40 to 90 minutes (SUVs; radioactivity concentration/injected dose/body mass). Asymmetry indices (AIs) were calculated to compare SUVs ipsilateral and contralateral to foci. Results 11 of 13 ROIs showed good correlation between [11C]DPA-713 and [11C]PBR28 (mean Pearson’s r, 0.6; p Conclusions In MTS patients, [11C]DPA-713 and [11C]PBR28 detect similar increases in TSPO expression ipsilateral to seizure foci. In non-MTS patients, the ligands show varying AI magnitude and direction, between both regions and patients. Both ligands are valuable in patients with MTS, but their utility in non-MTS patients remains unclear.
Drug allergy: diagnosis and management of drug allergy in adults, children and young people; a look at NICE guidance.

When any patient uses a medicine, it has the ability to cause a noxious and unintended response known as an ‘adverse drug reaction’ (ADR). A drug allergy is defined as an ADR with specific clinical features compatible with an immunological mechanism that re-occurs on re-exposure to that offending drug. Sometimes, it can be a challenge to decide from the clinical history alone as to whether a drug reaction is allergic or not without the need for further investigations. In September 2014, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a guideline entitled ‘Drug allergy: diagnosis and management of drug allergy in adults, children and young people’.1 This was developed due to variation in provision of care for people with a suspected drug allergy and to optimise best practice advice on the diagnosis, documentation and communication of drug allergy. Our focus here will be on the recommendations for children and young people. The British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) guidelines for the management of drug allergy were published in 20082 with an update which can be found in box 1. The European Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) also published an international consensus of drug allergy in February 2014.3 Both of these look at the management of drug allergy within the secondary-care and tertiary-care setting, including details on specialist investigations, in contrast to the NICE guideline, which is aimed at all health professionals who review and manage children including in primary care. Differences between these guidelines are demonstrated in table 1. View this table: Table 1 Comparison of guidelines Box 1 ### Resources
The impasses of encounter: Psychoanalysis and feminism: A response to Mandy Morgan

This paper is a response to Mandy Morgan’s “Sado-Masochism and Feminist Desire: The Other Measure of True Love Bleeds.” It attempts to take her ambiguities in authorial voice and interrogation of sado-masochism in narrativity and within subjectivity as serious impasses for the understanding of a feminist transformative desire. Although far from touching on all dimensions of the text, the response essay indicates how the dilemma of violence itself erupts in the text and lays out the problematic with which Morgan struggles in all of its complexity. I discuss Morgan’s dialogue with the Lacanian Žižek in relation to his allusion to sexual violence and love. I also discuss some notions of love and trauma as it is framed within a Lacanian perspective.
Asymptomatic Bacteriospermia in Fertile and Infertile Men

Bacterial flora of the seminal fluid were examined in 430 asymptomatic men. Fertile men had significantly fewer positive cultures than any other group selected from the infertile population. Significantly more bacterial isolates were obtained from patients with a history of genital tract infection than from infertile men without a history of genital tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriospermia was significantly more common among patients with a history of gonorrhea infection than in any other studied groups. Ureaplasma was isolated with the highest frequency from patients with nonspecific urethritis and/or with gonorrhea. It is proposed that follow-up seminal fluid cultures should be used to determine the end-point in treating male genital tract infections.