cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Representation in Hybrid Regimes: Constituency and Party Influences on Legislative Voting in the Russian Duma 1996–1999

Objectives The objectives of the study were to establish whether district ideology was reflected in legislator ideal points in the 1996–1999 Duma. Methods I integrate for the first time individual-level survey data on citizen attitudes to economic reform, the major dimension of political conflict in Russia in the 1990s, with individual legislator voting records from the 1996 to 1999 Duma. Using a Bayesian method, I estimate legislator ideal points as a function of individual and district characteristics and an individually specific random shock to assess the direct effect of district ideology and party membership. Results According to my results, legislators were responsive to district preferences on salient legislation such as final passage votes and key votes. Conclusions The findings have implications for the effects of a mixed electoral system, which was introduced in many young democracies in Eastern Europe and Latin America. The broader conclusion of the study is that the electoral incentives in the single-member district component of the election can encourage legislative responsiveness even in a “partial” democracy such as Russia.
On Galerkin Approximations of the Surface Active Quasigeostrophic Equations

AbstractThis study investigates the representation of solutions of the three-dimensional quasigeostrophic (QG) equations using Galerkin series with standard vertical modes, with particular attention to the incorporation of active surface buoyancy dynamics. This study extends two existing Galerkin approaches (A and B) and develops a new Galerkin approximation (C). Approximation A, due to Flierl, represents the streamfunction as a truncated Galerkin series and defines the potential vorticity (PV) that satisfies the inversion problem exactly. Approximation B, due to Tulloch and Smith, represents the PV as a truncated Galerkin series and calculates the streamfunction that satisfies the inversion problem exactly. Approximation C, the true Galerkin approximation for the QG equations, represents both streamfunction and PV as truncated Galerkin series but does not satisfy the inversion equation exactly. The three approximations are fundamentally different unless the boundaries are isopycnal surfaces. The authors ...
Letter to the editor: importance of technique in the induction of glucuronyl transferase in Gunn rats.

Letter to the Editor: Importance of Technique in the Induction of Glucuronyl Transferase in Gunn Rats
Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions on Eichhornia crassipes in single and binary systems

Abstract In this work, the sorption capacity behavior of copper and cadmium divalent ions in single and binary systems has been investigated. Batch metal sorption experiments to obtain the kinetic and equilibrium data for the dry biomass of the Eichhornia crassipes species were performed under controlled temperature, constant shaking and pH 5. An equilibrium time of 60 min was achieved for both Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in mono-component system as well as in binary one. It was found that the overall adsorption data were best described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Six adsorption isotherms have been tested to fit the mono-component equilibrium data, obtaining the best description by the Langmuir-type one. A modified extended-to-multi-component Langmuir-type isotherm model was applied to predict the binary adsorption data and its adjustable parameters were estimated by the PSO method. Finally, the results have shown that the affinity of each metal ion onto the E. crassipes surface is influenced by the presence of the other one.
Clinical and genetic issues in familial dilated cardiomyopathy

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is characterized by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction after known causes have been excluded. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy occurring in families, or familial dilated cardiomyopathy (FDC), may occur in 20% to 50% of IDC cases. Sixteen genes have been shown to cause autosomal dominant FDC, but collectively may account for only a fraction of genetic causation; it is anticipated that additional genes causative of FDC will be discovered. Familial dilated cardiomyopathy demonstrates incomplete penetrance, variable expression, and significant locus and allelic heterogeneity, making clinical and genetic diagnosis complex. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic screening of first-degree relatives of individuals with IDC and FDC is indicated, as detection and treatment are possible before the onset of advanced symptomatic disease. Genetic counseling for IDC and FDC is also indicated to assist with family evaluations for genetic disease and with the uncertainty and anxiety surrounding the significance of clinical and genetic evaluation. Genetic testing is not yet commonly available, but its emergence will provide new opportunities for presymptomatic diagnosis.
MAGNITUDES OF SCORE DIFFERENCES PRODUCED WITHIN SESSIONS IN A COOPERATIVE EXCHANGE PROCEDURE1

Interest centered on maximal score differences produced within sessions during two-party exchange. Subjects chose between earning money independently or through potentially higher-paying exchange. In the exchange option, only one person could produce points for the other on a trial. Because each exchange response (“give”) required the giver to forego earning points independently, the larger the score difference produced (i.e., the further ahead in earnings the other person was put), the greater the reduction in the giver's earnings if the other person did not reciprocate. Results showed that scores were usually equal at the end of each session, and that subjects maintained close equality of scores throughout each session. When a response-cost contingency that punished the alternation of giving was introduced, however, large within-session score differences developed. These large differences continued to be produced after the response-cost contingency was removed. Finally, when subjects were told that the session could end at any moment, score differences were sharply reduced, indicating that production of score differences remained under the control of discriminative stimuli associated with the likelihood of reciprocation. The study suggests that with appropriate procedures, an experimental analysis of behavioral phenomena associated with the concept of “trust” may be possible.
Are Devaluations Contractionary in Africa

Abstract As far as the impact of devaluation on domestic production is concerned, African countries have not received much attention in the literature. One study that used panel data arrived at a general conclusion that devaluations are contractionary in Africa. In this paper, we consider the experience of 22 African countries with devaluation and use time series data to show that devaluations are indeed expansionary in eight countries and contractionary in five countries. In the remaining countries, they have no effect.
Chromatographic separation of vitamins D2 and D3 and related compounds.

Abstract A reversed-phase chromatographic system is described that is capable of separating vitamin D2 from vitamin D3 and ergosterol from 7-dehydro-cholesterol and cholesterol. The method uses Factice, a polymerized and vulcanized soybean oil, as stationary phase and a water/acetone mitxure as mobile phase. In contrast to other previously published techniques capable of separating vitamins D2 and D3, the present separation is accomplished without any chemical modification or alteration of the D-vitamins.
Dancing with quantitoids: a brief and benevolent commentary on the special issue of QRSEH

In this brief commentary on the excellent contributions to this special of Qualitative Research in Sport, Health and Exercise, I attempt to draw out several major themes that ran through many of the articles, and address a few other points that stood out in my readings of the submissions. After a short introduction of my own history with respect to becoming a (predominately) qualitative researcher, I discuss issues related to the philosophy of knowledge and research paradigms in qualitative work. I then address to the issue of the politics of knowledge in qualitative research, and call on scholars to move towards more progressive ways of conducting qualitative research that reflect the current ways of thinking about qualitative work. Next, I provide a couple of notes regarding the applications of qualitative research, as well as the need to better educate ourselves and our students on the latest qualitative approaches. I end with a few specific comments on Jeffery Martin’s challenging and insightful artic...
Aestheticisation of Politics: From Fascism to Radical Democracy

The “aestheticisation of politics”, a term coined by Walter Benjamin, refers to a critique of various modes of politics considered to be irrational in leftist, critical theory. The critique ties aestheticised politics to fascism and capitalism, thereby precluding the conceptual possibility of a radical democratic aesthetic politics. This paper challenges that position first by working through Wolfgang Welsch’s semantic clarification of the term “aesthetics”, then by deriving different senses of “aestheticised politics” from the range of meanings given by Welsch. A typology of aestheticised politics, from fascist to communist, depicts the conceptual possibility of a radical democratic political aesthetics.
The Physical Mechanisms by Which the Leading Patterns of SST Variability Impact U.S. Precipitation

Abstract This study uses the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) AGCM to investigate the physical mechanisms by which the leading patterns of annual mean SST variability impact U.S. precipitation. The focus is on a cold Pacific pattern and a warm Atlantic pattern that exert significant drought conditions over the U.S. continent. The precipitation response to the cold Pacific is characterized by persistent deficits over the Great Plains that peak in summer with a secondary peak in spring, and weakly pluvial conditions in summer over the Southeast (SE). The precipitation response to the warm Atlantic is dominated by persistent deficits over the Great Plains with the maximum deficit occurring in late summer. The precipitation response to the warm Atlantic is overall similar to the response to the cold Pacific with, however, considerably weaker amplitude. An analysis of the atmospheric moisture budget combined with a stationary wave model diagnosis of the associated atmospheric circulati...
A slight improvement to Korenblum's constant

Abstract Let A 2 ( D ) be the Bergman space over the open unit disk D in the complex plane. Korenblum conjectured that there is an absolute constant c ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) such that whenever | f ( z ) | ⩽ | g ( z ) | in the annulus c | z | 1 , then ‖ f ( z ) ‖ ⩽ ‖ g ( z ) ‖ . This conjecture had been solved by Hayman [W.K. Hayman, On a conjecture of Korenblum, Analysis (Munich) 19 (1999) 195–205. [1] ], but the constant c in that paper is not optimal. Since then, there are many papers dealing with improving the upper and lower bounds for the best constant c. For example, in 2004 C. Wang gave an upper bound on c, that is, c 0.67795 , and in 2006 A. Schuster gave a lower bound, c > 0.21 . In this paper we slightly improve the upper bound for c.
Restaurant QSC inspections and financial performance: an empirical investigation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between QSC (quality, service and cleanliness) inspection scores and financial performance in quick service restaurants.Design/methodology/approach – Restaurant QSC inspection data were collected from 25 quick service restaurants of an international chain over a period of 18 months. Audited financial data were also collected for these participating restaurants. Using SPSS software, the data were analyzed for possible relationships between the restaurant QSC scores and the financial performance measured as total unit sales per week, revenues per available seat per week, and gross operating income for each month. Restaurant unit size is measured by total revenues per month.Findings – Contrary to the commonly held belief, the relationship between QSC variable and restaurant performance is weak. This study found there was a “V” curve in QSC inspections and financial performance when restaurant size was chosen as the moderating variable.Resea...
A TEST OF THE ROLE OF ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS IN DETERMINING THE CO STRETCH FREQUENCY IN CARBONMONOXYMYOGLOBIN

Abstract The vibrational frequency of CO bound to myoglobin can be varied by up to 60 cm−1 by making site-specific mutations in the distal pocket. These changes may result from specific chemical interactions between distal amino acids and the CO or from changes in the electrostatic field of the distal pocket. In this paper, we separate the relative contributions of these two effects by comparing the IR spectra of the carbonmonoxy complexes of human myoglobin mutants V68N, V68D, and V68E. The effect of replacing valine with these polar amino acids on the electrostatic environment of the distal heme pocket has been independently determined earlier by measurements of the heme reduction potential and electronic absorption spectral band shifts. While all three mutations result in a negative dipole pointing towards the CO ligand, the CO stretch frequency shifts differently in each case. These differences are attributed to specific chemical interactions between the amino acids and the CO ligand.
Relaxation in Amorphous Ferromagnets Above the Curie Point

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 9.3 GHz is studied as a function of temperature in amorphous Fe29Ni49P14B6Si2 and Fe72.5Mo7.5B20. The FMR linewidth, ΔH increases linearly with temperature above the Curie point, TC. Above TC the slope ΔH/ΔT is not affected by structural relaxation but is a function of the alloy's bulk chemical composition. Ferromagnetische Resonanz (FMR) bei 9,3 GHz wird in amorphem Fe29Ni49P14B6Si2 und Fe72,5Mo7,5B20 in Abhangigkeit von der Temperatur untersucht. Die FMR-Linienbreite ΔH nimmt oberhalb des Curiepunktes (TC) linear mit der Temperatur zu. Oberhalb TC wird der Anstieg ΔH/ΔT durch strukturelle Relaxation nicht beeinflust, jedoch ist er eine Funktion der chemischen Zusammen-setzung des Legierungsvolumens.
Algal toxins alter copepod feeding behavior.

Using digital holographic cinematography, we quantify and compare the feeding behavior of free-swimming copepods, Acartia tonsa, on nutritional prey (Storeatula major) to that occurring during exposure to toxic and non-toxic strains of Karenia brevis and Karlodinium veneficum. These two harmful algal species produce polyketide toxins with different modes of action and potency. We distinguish between two different beating modes of the copepod’s feeding appendages–a “sampling beating” that has short durations (<100 ms) and involves little fluid entrainment and a longer duration “grazing beating” that persists up to 1200 ms and generates feeding currents. The durations of both beating modes have log-normal distributions. Without prey, A. tonsa only samples the environment at low frequency. Upon introduction of non-toxic food, it increases its sampling time moderately and the grazing period substantially. On mono algal diets for either of the toxic dinoflagellates, sampling time fraction is high but the grazing is very limited. A. tonsa demonstrates aversion to both toxic algal species. In mixtures of S. major and the neurotoxin producing K. brevis, sampling and grazing diminish rapidly, presumably due to neurological effects of consuming brevetoxins while trying to feed on S. major. In contrast, on mixtures of cytotoxin producing K. veneficum, both behavioral modes persist, indicating that intake of karlotoxins does not immediately inhibit the copepod’s grazing behavior. These findings add critical insight into how these algal toxins may influence the copepod’s feeding behavior, and suggest how some harmful algal species may alter top-down control exerted by grazers like copepods.
Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin 4. An organic carbon budget for sediments dominated by sulfate reduction and methanogenesis

In situ carbon flux measurements and calculated burial rates are utilized to construct an organic carbon budget for the upper meter of sediment at a single station in Cape Lookout Bight, a small marine basin located on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U.S.A. (34°37′N, 76°33′W). Of 149 ± 20 mole · m−2 · yr−1 of total organic carbon deposited, 35.6 ± 5.2 mole · m−2 · yr−1 is recycled to overlying waters, 84 ± 18% as ∑CO2 and 16 ± 8% as CH4. Approximately 68 ± 20% of the upward carbon flux is supported by sulfate reduction while 32 ± 16% takes place as the result of underlying methanogenesis. Measured ∑CO2 and CH4 sediment-water fluxes range seasonally from 1900–6300 and 50–2500 μmole · m−2 · hr−1 respectively. The mean residence time of metabolizable organic carbon in the upper 80 cm of sediment is approximately four months with greater than 98% of the calculated total remineralization taking place within three years. In spite of large upward fluxes of methane, larger molecules derived from metabolizable sedimentary organic carbon appear to be the dominant reductants for dissolved sulfate.
Microcellular microspheres and microballoons by precipitation with a vapour-liquid compressed fluid antisolvent

Abstract A new type of precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent (PCA) is demonstrated for the formation of porous polymeric microspheres and microballoons (hollow microspheres). The antisolvent is composed of pure saturated vapour over saturated liquid CO2. A polystyrene (PS) in toluene solution is sprayed through a capillary into CO2 vapour to form droplets, which fall into liquid CO2 where they are rapidly dried and vitrified. Both the thickness and porosity of the microcellular shells can be controlled by changing the initial solution composition. The thickness is inversely proportional to the initial PS concentration. As the concentration is increased there is a transition from porous microballoons to porous microspheres. The cell sizes and surface areas of the microspheres are approximately 1–20 μm and 3–40 m2g−1, respectively. The mass transfer pathway may be altered by addition of CO2 to the polymer solution before spraying, resulting in greater and more uniform porosity. Compared with methanol as an antisolvent, CO2 produces more porous and spherical microspheres, with 7–14 times faster precipitation.
Human calmodulin-like protein is an epithelial-specific protein regulated during keratinocyte differentiation.

Human calmodulin-like protein (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein down-regulated in a cell culture model of mammary tumorigenesis as well as in a majority of breast cancers in vivo. CLP down-regulation may be a result of the poorly differentiated state of these cell lines and tumors, or CLP expression may be incompatible with the uncontrolled cell growth associated with tumorigenesis. To learn more about CLP expression and regulation, we determined the distribution of CLP in various human tissues by immunohistochemistry. CLP was expressed exclusively in the epithelium of the tissues surveyed and was most abundant in thyroid, breast, prostate, kidney, and skin. CLP expression appears to increase in stratified epithelium during differentiation, as illustrated in the skin where CLP staining intensified from the basal through the spinous to the granular layers. Using a normal human keratinocyte culture model, we examined CLP expression in response to various agents known to affect keratinocyte differentiation. Agents that inhibit (epidermal growth factor, EGF) or permit (keratinocyte growth factor) terminal differentiation correspondingly regulate CLP expression. Factors modulating the EGF receptor signaling pathway were particularly potent in regulating CLP expression. CLP expression correlated with an agent's ability to promote terminal differentiation regardless of the agent's effect on keratinocyte proliferation. These studies show that CLP expression is coordinately regulated by, and may be involved in, the program of terminal differentiation in human keratinocytes and, likely, other differentiating epithelial cell types.
Further studies of differentiation of cells from hybrid gastrulae.

Abstract The hypothesis was tested that low molecular weight inhibitors are made within cells of a lethal hybrid embryo prepared by fertilizing eggs of Rana pipiens with sperm of Rana sylvatica . Cell aggregates from the marginal zone of diploid pipiens gastrulae were treated in standard solution containing bisected hybrid gastrulae. The majority of cells failed to differentiate. Control aggregates exposed to medium containing bisected diploid pipiens gastrulae formed striated muscle, heart, pigment cells, and nerve. Aggregates made from embryos of the reciprocal cross ( Rana sylvatica ♀ × Rana pipiens ♂) do not survive in culture any better than within the hybrid embryo. In this respect they resemble the hybrids made with Rana pipiens eggs by fertilization with Rana catesbeiana or Rana clamitans sperm. Using appearance of heart beat as the criterion for differentiation, the critical mass of hybrid ( pipiens ♀ × sylvatica ♂) cells below which differentiation occurs in cell culture was found to lie somewhere between half the gastrula and the entire gastrula. When hybrid marginal zone cell aggregates, each consisting of approximately 125 cells, are fused to form a composite equivalent in mass to an intact hybrid gastrula, organized cell differentiation was not observed. The inhibitor hypothesis is discussed in the context of previous theories concerning the basis for the hybrid block to development.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Winter–Spring Oxygen Depletion in Chesapeake Bay Bottom Water

Although seasonal hypoxia is a well-studied phenomenon in many coastal systems, most previous studies have only focused on variability and controls on low-oxygen water masses during warm months when hypoxia is most extensive. Surprisingly, little attention has been given to investigations of what controls the development of hypoxic water in the months leading up to seasonal oxygen minima in temperate ecosystems. Thus, we investigated aspects of winter–spring oxygen depletion using a 25-year time series (1985–2009) by computing rates of water column O2 depletion and the timing of hypoxia onset for bottom waters of Chesapeake Bay. On average, hypoxia (O2 50 days (April 6 to May 31 in the upper Bay). O2 depletion rates were consistently highest in the upper Bay, and elevated Susquehanna River flow resulted in more rapid O2 depletion and earlier hypoxia onset. Winter–spring chlorophyll a concentration in the bottom water was highly correlated with interannual variability in hypoxia onset dates and water column O2 depletion rates in the upper and middle Bay, while stratification strength was a more significant driver in the timing of lower Bay hypoxia onset. Hypoxia started earlier in 2012 (April 6) than previously recorded, which may be related to unique climatic and biological conditions in the winter–spring of 2012, including the potential carryover of organic matter delivered to the system during a tropical storm in September 2011. In general, mid-to-late summer hypoxic volumes were not correlated to winter–spring O2 depletion rates and onset, suggesting that the maintenance of summer hypoxia is controlled more by summer algal production and physical forcing than winter-spring processes. This study provides a novel synthesis of O2 depletion rates and hypoxia onset dates for Chesapeake Bay, revealing controls on the phenology of hypoxia development in this estuary.
Sample preparation guidelines for two-dimensional electrophoresis.

AbstractSample preparation is one of the key technologies for successful two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Due to the great diversity of protein sample types and sources, no single sample preparation method works with all proteins; for any sample the optimum procedure must be determined empirically. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the most important principles in sample preparation in order to avoid a multitude of possible pitfalls. Sample preparation protocols from the expert in the field were screened and evaluated. On the basis of these protocols and my own comprehensive practical experience important guidelines are given in this review. The presented guidelines will facilitate straightforward protocol development for researchers new to gel-based proteomics. In addition the available choices are rationalized in order to successfully prepare a protein sample for 2DE separations. The strategies described here are not limited to 2DE and can also be applied to other protein separat...
Use of a furosemide drip does not improve earlier primary fascial closure in the open abdomen.

Background: The furosemide drip (FD), in addition to improving volume overload respiratory failure, has been used to decrease fluid in attempts to decrease intra-abdominal and abdominal wall volumes to facilitate fascial closure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the FD and the associated rate of primary fascial closure following trauma damage control laparotomy (DCL). Materials and Methods: From January 2004 to September 2008, a retrospective review from a single institution Trauma Registry of the American College of Surgeons dataset was performed. All DCLs greater than 24 h who had a length of stay for 3 or more days were identified. The study group (FD+) and control group (FD-) were compared. Demographic data including age, sex, probability of survival, red blood cell transfusions, initial lactate, and mortality were collected. Primary outcomes included primary fascial closure and primary fascial closure within 7 days. Secondary outcomes included total ventilator days and LOS. Results: A total of 139 patients met inclusion criteria: 25 FD+ and 114 FD-. The 25 FD+ patients received the drug at a median 4 days post DCL. Demographic differences between the groups were not significantly different, except that initial lactate was higher for FD- (1.7 vs 4.0; P=0.03). No differences were noted between groups regarding successful primary fascial closure (FD+ 68.4% vs FD- 64.0%; P=0.669), or closure within 7 days (FD+13.2% vs FD- 28.0%; P=0.066) of original DCL. FD+ patients suffered more open abdomen days (4 [2-7] vs 2 [1-4]; P=0.001). FD+ did not demonstrate an association with primary fascial closure [Odds ratio (OR) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.260-8.307; P=0.663]. FD+ patients had more ventilator days and longer Intensive Care Unit (ICU)/hospital LOS (P<0.01). Conclusion: FD use may remove excess volume; however, forced diuresis with an FD is not associated with an increased rate of primary closure after DCL. Further studies are warranted to identify ICU strategies to facilitate fascial closure in DCL.
A new algorithm using cross-assignment for label-free quantitation with LC-LTQ-FT MS.

A new algorithm is described for label-free quantitation of relative protein abundances across multiple complex proteomic samples. Q-MEND is based on the denoising and peak picking algorithm, MEND,...
The Brueckner network: an immobile sorting swarm

In many industrial applications, the dynamic control of queuing and routing presents difficult challenges. We describe a novel ant colony control system for a multiobjective sorting problem using an Emergent Sorting Network (ESN) designed by Sven Brueckner. Here, an immobile population of extremely simple agents reside at fixed vertices of a network, passing parts through the network, and as a result sorting a stream of colored parts. We explore effects of network size, and the effect of task difficulty (number of colors sorted) on timing and sorting performance. We demonstrate an unexpected regime shift in the swarm's collective behavior caused by network filling effects, and show evidence that this effect is due to the creation of ad hoc buffer regions: transient task specialties arising among the homogeneous agents.
P4.137 Social Network Factors and HIV Serostatus Among African American Men Who Have Sex with Men

Background Social network analysis is a useful method to assess infectious disease transmission and the amount, type, and sources of social support. The current study compared social network characteristics of African American men who were HIV positive to those who were negative Methods Study participants were 229 African American men who have sex with men (MSM) who completed a baseline social network assessment for a pilot intervention in Baltimore, Maryland. Results Almost half (48%) were HIV positive. Using multiple logistic regression modelling, statistically significant network differences (p Discussion These findings suggest that although there are many similarities between the networks of HIV positive and negative African American MSM, differences do exist in the social and sexual network characteristics. A larger number of HIV positives as compared to negatives know about their same sex behaviour, which may be utilised for providing support; however, positive have more injectors in their network, which could lead to greater HIV transmission.
Planets and satellites galore

Abstract The circumstances of the discoveries of a number of the planets (both major and minor) and their satellites (both real and suspected) are reviewed.
Effect of Sampling Blood of Nestlings on Success of Fledging in White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus)

Abstract Because the white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) is a less sensitive species than the endangered black-capped vireo (V. atricapilla), it served as a proxy to quantify potentially adverse effects of sampling blood. Success of fledging was quantified using split-sampled broods with non-bled nestlings serving as a control. Sex ratio of broods was determined, and sampling and storage methods for blood were assessed. Obtaining blood from nestlings did not affect success of fledging. The male:female ratio of nestlings was 65:35.
Peri-operative measures for treatment and prevention of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Abstract Objective: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high early mortality rates. Cerebral vasospasm remains the major source of morbidity after aSAH. Angiographic evidence of vasospasm is apparent in 70% of patients, while clinical manifestation of vasospasm is present in one third of patients. Early or existing vasospasm at the time of presentation poses an additional challenge in the management of the patient, and forms the basis for this review. Methods: Treatment modalities for management of ruptured aneurysms in the setting of vasospasm, including timing of aneurysm surgery and peri-operative management, are reviewed. Intraoperative measures aimed at treatment of existing vasospasm and at the prevention of vasopasm are discussed. Results: Operative/endovascular means to secure the ruptured aneurysm should be performed as soon as possible to facilitate treatment of the vasospasm. Surgery performed in the presence of angiographic/symptomatic vasospasm can be associated with ...
Synfire Chains and Cortical Songs: Temporal Modules of Cortical Activity

How can neural activity propagate through cortical networks built with weak, stochastic synapses? We find precise repetitions of spontaneous patterns of synaptic inputs in neocortical neurons in vivo and in vitro. These patterns repeat after minutes, maintaining millisecond accuracy. Calcium imaging of slices reveals reactivation of sequences of cells during the occurrence of repeated intracellular synaptic patterns. The spontaneous activity drifts with time, engaging different cells. Sequences of active neurons have distinct spatial structures and are repeated in the same order over tens of seconds, revealing modular temporal dynamics. Higher order sequences are replayed with compressed timing.
Children of Substance-Abusing or Substance-Dependent Parents

Children of substance abusing or dependent parents are suffering a tremendous hardship. According to the Office of Applied Studies, an estimated 6 million children live with a parent who abuses alc...
Nuclear Import and the Evolution of a Multifunctional RNA-binding Protein

La (SS-B) is a highly expressed protein that is able to bind 3′-oligouridylate and other common RNA sequence/structural motifs. By virtue of these interactions, La is present in a myriad of nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes in vivo where it may function as an RNA-folding protein or RNA chaperone. We have recently characterized the nuclear import pathway of the S. cerevisiae La, Lhp1p. The soluble transport factor, or karyopherin, that mediates the import of Lhp1p is Kap108p/Sxm1p. We have now determined a 113-amino acid domain of Lhp1p that is brought to the nucleus by Kap108p. Unexpectedly, this domain does not coincide with the previously identified nuclear localization signal of human La. Furthermore, when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nuclear localization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Drosophila, and human La proteins are independent of Kap108p. We have been able to reconstitute the nuclear import of human La into permeabilized HeLa cells using the recombinant human factors karyopherin α2, karyopherin β1, Ran, and p10. As such, the yeast and human La proteins are imported using different sequence motifs and dissimilar karyopherins. Our results are consistent with an intermingling of the nuclear import and evolution of La.
Obtaining real parts of scattering amplitudes directly from cross section data using derivative analyticity relations

Abstract We show that one can obtain real parts of scattering amplitudes by knowing the imaginary parts at only nearby energies. This is accomplished by re-casting the dispersion integral into an equivalent form which we will calla “derivative analyticity relation”. Predictions are given for forward amplitudes where σT is measured: pp, p p , K ± p , π ± p , γ p . We deduce the real part of the elastic pp amplitude away from the forward direction at ISR energies.
Sexual adjustment of male alcoholics: changes from before to after receiving alcoholism counseling with and without marital therapy

Married male alcoholics (N = 36), who had recently begun individual outpatient alcoholism counseling, were randomly assigned to a no-marital-treatment control group or to 10 weekly sessions of either a behavioral marital therapy (BMT) or an interactional couples therapy group. Impotence decreased from before to after counseling irrespective of whether the alcoholic patients received additional marital therapy. Husbands who received BMT reported increased frequency of wives' orgasm during intercourse and greater increases in satisfaction with the privacy and context of their sexual activities than did couples in the other two treatment groups. These findings support a biopsychosocial formulation of alcoholics' sexual problems that implicates the physical effects of acute and chronic alcohol intake as most relevant to the elevated rates of impotence and marital conflict as a major contributing factor to most sexual problems of alcoholics. The improvement observed in sexual adjustment was rather limited. Despite the improvements in impotence, the alcoholics still experienced over twice the rate of impotence reported by demographically similar nonalcoholics. In terms of sexual satisfaction, BMT produced only modest gains as viewed by husbands and no gains from the wives' perspective. Perhaps sexual adjustment is one of the last areas of the alcoholic's marriage to improve after treatment. The limited time frame of the present study may have precluded observing further improvements in sexual adjustment that would emerge later after a longer period of recovery.
Psychiatric Comorbidity: Prevalence in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

This study examines prevalence rates for DSM-III-R anxiety and affective disorders in three follow-up samples of opioid addicts who were treated with methadone maintenance. At least one anxiety disorder was diagnosed in 55% of the total sample. Affective disorders were found in 58%. At least one anxiety disorder coexisted with at least one affective disorder in 36% of the sample. The research demonstrates that opiate addiction in this sample is most often associated with other comorbid psychopathology. It suggests a need for thorough assessment for general psychopathology in opioid addicts entering addiction treatment, especially assessment for anxiety and affective disorders. It also suggests the need for treatment that focuses on diagnosed mental disorders in addition to drug counseling for the substance abuse disorder.
Introduction to liposome research

Liposomes in Biological Systems. Edited by G. Gregoriadis and A. C. Allison. Pp. 424. (Wiley: 1980.) £23, $69.
Energetics of Small Molecule and Water Complexation in Hydrophobic Calixarene Cavities

Calixarenes grafted on silica are energetically uniform hosts that bind aromatic guests with 1:1 stoichiometry, as shown by binding energies that depend upon the calixarene upper rim composition but not on their grafted surface density (0.02−0.23 nm-2). These materials are unique in maintaining a hydrophilic silica surface, as probed by H2O physisorption measurements, while possessing a high density of hydrophobic binding sites that are orthogonal to the silica surface below them. The covalently enforced cone-shaped cavities and complete accessibility of these rigidly grafted calixarenes allow the first unambiguous measurements of the thermodynamics of guest interaction with the same calixarene cavities in aqueous solution and vapor phase. Similar to adsorption into nonpolar protein cavities, adsorption into these hydrophobic cavities from aqueous solution is enthalpy-driven, which is in contrast to entropy-driven adsorption into water-soluble hydrophobic hosts such as β cyclodextrin. The adsorption therm...
Put-and-Take Fisheries: Investigating Catch and Retention Assumptions

Abstract Several studies have shown that anglers fishing in put-and-take trout fisheries requiring payment of daily fishing fees or purchase of special seasonal permits consider catch/harvest elements of the angling experience to be very important. Less is known about motives and attitudes of anglers who participate in statewide put-and-take trout fisheries that do not require special permits. Our study used a mail questionnaire to compare motives and attitudes of Massachusetts freshwater anglers who: (1) fish most often for trout to those who fish most often for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and/or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui); and (2) fish most often in a put-and-take trout fishery to those who fish most often for wild trout. Motives and attitudes of angling subgroups differed little. Although participating in a fishery offering the opportunity for high rates of catch and harvest, put-and-take anglers did not indicate that catch/harvest-related factors were more important to the qua...
High-resolution electron diffraction of reconstituted PhoE porin.

Abstract PhoE porin has been reconstituted with phospholipid, forming large membrane patches. Electron diffraction shows that the reconstituted PhoE porin forms highly coherent crystalline arrays, giving structural information to a resolution of 3.4 rmA. The crystal form is of the orthorhombic space group P21212, with unit cell dimensions a =150 A and b = 129 A . Images of negatively stained PhoE crystalline patches show that there are four PhoE porin trimers in a unit cell.
Spectral operators on the Sierpinski gasket I

We study spectral operators for the Kigami Laplacian on the Sierpinski gasket. These operators may be expressed as functions of the Laplacian (Dirichlet or Neumann), or as Fourier multipliers for the associated eigenfunction expansions. They include the heat operator, the wave propagator and spectral projections onto various families of eigenspaces. Our approach is both theoretical and computational. Our main result is a technical lemma, extending the method of spectral decimation of Fukushima and Shima to certain eigenfunctions corresponding to ‘forbidden’ eigenvalues. This enables us to compute the kernel of a spectral operator (Neumann) when one of the variables is a boundary point. We present the results of these computations in various cases, and formulate conjectures based on this experimental evidence. We also prove a new result about the trace of the heat kernel as t → 0: not only does it blow up as a power of t (known from the standard on-diagonal heat kernel estimates), but after division by thi...
Chiral polyamines from reduction of polypeptides: asymmetric pyridoxamine-mediated transaminations.

Abstract BH 3 ·THF can reduce polypeptides to polyamines with retention of chirality. The resulting polyamines are intriguing general platforms for asymmetric catalysis, given the diverse structures available and their relative ease of synthesis. We have constructed a number of chiral pyridoxamine catalysts based on reduced peptides. These compounds transaminate α-ketoacids with moderate to good enantioselectivity, while their peptidyl counterparts show almost no chiral induction.
Computation of the Transient M/M/1 Queue cdf, pdf, and Mean with Generalized Q-Functions

Generalized Q -function expressions are developed for the transient state occupancy cumulative distribution function (cdf), probability density function (pdf), and expected value for an M/M/1 queue. The pdf equation is an extension of a previous result. When Parl's method is used to calculate the generalized Q -function, the equations are computationally efficient and accurate. For a Q -function relative error of 2\cdot10^{-12} , the relative error of the result is typically 10-10or better. Relative error will increase, however, for cdf and pdf values on the order of the Q function relative error. Execution time per point on a VAX 11/750 is on the order of tens of milliseconds for the range of parameters considered.
Can a 15-Hour (Overnight) Urinary Catecholamine Measure Substitute for a 24-Hour Measure? 1

This study examined whether 15-hr and 24-hr urinary catecholamine measures show comparable associations with other physiological measures that are expected to correlate with sympathetic nervous system activity. Participants (193 healthy adults) provided 24-hr urine samples that were collected in a controlled environment (hotel), and divided into 9-hr daytime and 15-hr overnight collections. On the same day, resting blood pressure (BP) was measured, and 8 samples of salivary Cortisol were collected. Catecholamine (15-hr and 24-hr) measures were correlated substantially in the entire sample, and when examined separately by sex and by race. Both 15-hr and 24-hr epinephrine (E) correlated significantly with systolic BP and Cortisol; 15-hr and 24-hr norepinephrine (NE) correlated significantly with Cortisol. Correlation coefficients for 15-hr measures were similar, but not equivalent to those for 24-hr measures. Urinary catecholamines obtained via 15-hr overnight collection approximated but were not equivalent to catecholamines obtained via 24-hr collection. Overnight collection was associated with reduced power to detect significant associations of catecholamines with criterion variables, such that use of 15-hr rather than 24-hr sampling required a relative increase in sample size of 1.32 times for E and 1.18 times for NE to detect similar effects. Researchers should weigh the costs of additional subjects to the benefit of decreased burden when choosing between the two sampling methods.
The effect of lsd upon spontaneous PGO wave activity and REM sleep in the cat

Abstract The effect of d -lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) upon ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) wave activity was studied in the cat. The results include the following observations: (1) During the acute phase of LSD's action (90–120 min), the PGO waves which appeared in the visual system were identical to those which normally accompany eye movement in the alert animal (PGOw). (2) A pattern of 4–8 sec activity, not ordinarily present in the cortical EEG during arousal, began to dominate the recording in the intervals between PGOw as the dose of LSD was increased to a maximum of 800 μg kg . (3) A prolonged period of slow wave sleep followed the acute phase of drug action. There was a delay in the return of REM sleep and a delay in the appearance of the PGO waves associated with this state (Pgorem). The results oppose the hypothesis that the hallucinogenic effect of LSD is a result of the release of PGOREM into the state of wakefulness.
Rabies encephalomyelitis: clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological findings in 4 transplant recipients.

Background Three patients received solid organ transplants from a common donor and were subsequently discharged from the hospital following an uneventful hospital course. Within 30 days, all 3 organ recipients returned to the hospital with varying symptoms that progressed to rapid neurological deterioration, coma, and death. Objective To describe the clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological findings of rabies virus infection in organ transplant recipients infected from a common donor. Design Case series involving a common donor and 3 organ recipients ascertained through review of clinical course and autopsy findings. A fourth case was determined by review of pending autopsy cases in which death occurred within the same time interval. Portions of postmortem central nervous system and organ tissues were frozen and formalin-fixed. Fluids and tissues were also collected for cultures, serology, and molecular studies. Postmortem fluids and tissues and antemortem fluids and tissues from all 4 transplant recipients and serum and banked lymphocyte or spleen cells from the donors were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for further evaluation. Setting Transplant unit of an urban teaching hospital. Results Antemortem cerebrospinal fluid analysis for 3 of the 4 recipients was consistent with a viral etiology. Neuroimaging and electroencephalogram studies were suggestive of an infectious encephalitis or a toxic encephalopathy. Initial laboratory testing did not demonstrate an infectious etiology. Postmortem histologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and direct fluorescence antibody testing revealed rabies virus infection. Serological testing done postmortem confirmed rabies virus infection in the common donor. Conclusions These cases demonstrate a risk for transmitting rabies virus infection through solid organ and tissue transplantation, and this diagnosis should be considered in any rapidly progressing neurological disease.
Dual-Pump CARS Temperature and Major Species Concentration Measurements in Laminar Counterflow Flames and in a Gas Turbine Combustor Facility

[Abstract] A gas turbine combustor facility (GTCF) has been built and operated for measuring temperature and major species concentrations using dual-pump CARS in combusting flows at above atmospheric pressure. The facility includes a stainless steel window assembly that allows optical access from three sides with a pair of thin and thick windows on each side. It is water-cooled and provides air film-cooling passages; thin windows are designed for thermal load while thick windows are designed for pressure loading. High-speed imaging of combusting flows is performed using the center injector of a 9-point lean direct injection (LDI) device developed at NASA Glenn Research Center. The combustor is operated using Jet-A fuel at an inlet air temperature up to 670 K and combustor pressure up to 10 atm. In the future, dual-pump CARS temperature and major species concentration measurements will be performed in the GTCF. Spatial maps of both temperature and major species concentrations will be obtained by translating the CARS probe volume in axial and radial directions. These measurements will be used as validation data for CFD codes under development at NASA Glenn.