cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economic outcomes of depression screening after acute coronary syndromes: The CODIACS-QoL randomized clinical trial.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and no history of depression. Methods Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized trial enrolling 1500 patients with ACS between 2013 and 2017. Patients were randomized to no screening, screening and notifying the primary care provider (PCP), and screening, notifying the PCP, and providing enhanced depression treatment. Outcomes measured were Healthcare utilization, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results 7.1% of patients screened positive for depressive symptoms. There was no significant difference in usage of mental health services, cardiovascular tests and procedures, and medications. Mean total costs in No Screen group ($7440), in Screen, Notify, and Treat group ($6745), and in Screen and Notify group ($6204). The difference was only significant in the Screen and Notify group versus the No Screen group (−$1236, 95% confidence interval -$2388 to -$96). Because mean QALYs were higher (+0.003 QALY in Screen and Notify; +0.004 QALYs in Screen, Notify, and Treat) and mean total costs were lower in both intervention groups, these interventions were cost-effective. There was substantial uncertainty because confidence intervals around cost differences were wide and QALY effects were small. Conclusion Depression screening strategies for patients with ACS may be modestly cost-effective.
Human Intention Estimation using Fusion of Pupil and Hand Motion

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of human intention inference in the context of human-robot collaboration by fusing information from both hand motion obtained using skeletal tracking and eye gaze obtained using pupil tracking to predict a human’s current intention. Intention is modeled as a motion profile that converges to a goal location. A Kalman filter is used on eye gaze data to obtain gaze point estimates. The gaze estimates are transformed into a reference frame common to the hand data. An IMM filter that tracks hand motion is designed which takes advantage of the gaze filter’s model probabilities by fusing them with its own. The fusion is performed with user chosen parameters that determine the degree to which each filter’s predictions are weighed over time. An experiment is designed to show the utility of the proposed algorithm in a setting in which multiple reaching tasks are completed in an unknown order. The results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately predict the human’s intention before the tasks are completed.
Normal mode analysis of membrane protein dynamics using the vibrational subsystem analysis.

The vibrational subsystem analysis is a useful approach that allows for evaluating the spectrum of modes of a given system by integrating out the degrees of freedom accessible to the environment. The approach could be utilized for exploring the collective dynamics of a membrane protein (system) coupled to the lipid bilayer (environment). However, the application to membrane proteins is limited due to high computational costs of modeling a sufficiently large membrane environment unbiased by end effects, which drastically increases the size of the investigated system. We derived a recursive formula for calculating the reduced Hessian of a membrane protein embedded in a lipid bilayer by decomposing the membrane into concentric cylindrical domains with the protein located at the center. The approach allows for the design of a time- and memory-efficient algorithm and a mathematical understanding of the convergence of the reduced Hessian with respect to increasing membrane sizes. The application to the archaeal aspartate transporter GltPh illustrates its utility and efficiency in capturing the transporter’s elevator-like movement during its transition between outward-facing and inward-facing states.
Clinical and Administrative Databases Used in Lower Extremity Arthroplasty Research

Abstract Background The use of national databases in lower extremity arthroplasty research has grown rapidly in recent years. We aimed to better characterize available databases by: (1) quantifying the number of these studies in the highest impact arthroplasty journals; (2) comparing respective sample sizes; and (3) contrasting their measured variables/outcomes. Methods An extensive literature search was conducted to identify all database studies in the top 12 highest impact factor journals that published arthroplasty research between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. A total of 5070 publications were identified. These studies were sorted by both database utilized and journal published. Tables were constructed to compare/contrast databases by metrics and measured outcome parameters including coding, patient sample size, preoperative comorbidities, postoperative complications, and limitations/barriers to their use. Results Four hundred twenty-six database studies (8.4%, range 0.4%-29.7% per journal) were identified, of which 139 were from non-English-speaking arthroplasty databases. Among English-speaking arthroplasty databases, the 5 most common sources were National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (n = 72), Medicare (n = 62, 39 from Medicare Claims and 23 from PearlDiver), Nationwide Inpatient Sample (n = 35), PearlDiver non-Medicare private insurance (n = 18), and Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (n = 18). Metrics, outcome parameters, and features of commonly used registries were reviewed. Conclusion Database studies constitute an important part of arthroplasty-specific orthopedic research. Their use will continue to grow in the future, and it would be beneficial for clinicians/researchers to be aware of and familiarize themselves with their features to understand which are most appropriate for their work.
Association of a very high tumor mutational load with increased CD8+ and PD-1+ T-cell infiltration and improved clinical outcomes to PD-(L)1 blockade across different PD-L1 expression levels in non-small cell lung cancer.

9018Background: Although high TMB correlates with improved outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an optimal TMB cutoff to discrim...
Compact, high performance, snapshot imaging spectrometers for environmental imaging

Here we present implementations snapshot–image reorganization/mapping techniques including IMS (Imaging Mapping Spectrometry), and high density fiber image processors. These instruments are compact, non-scanning / high speed and provide high light throughput. The general principle of these methods is based on mapping areas (pixel, lines) of the object/scene on a large format CCD/CMOS to create void regions for spectral spread and simultaneous 3D+ data acquisition. This allows for a rapid detection and/or for increased SNR. High light throughput allows imaging at ultra-short acquisitions (entire cubes) down to microsecond levels. Our newest implementations include gas detection, environmental imaging and compact UAV applications. This presentation describes advantages of IMS, and fiber based systems and compares them to other snapshot techniques (computational methods). Examples of remote sensing results are presented (vegetation/crops assessment).
Anomalies in the Sedimentation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Haemophilus influenzae in Alkaline Sucrose Gradients

Abstract Difficulties were experienced in obtaining reproducible results for the sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients of Haemophilus influenzae deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The technique of McGrath and Williams of lysing whole cells on top of an alkaline sucrose gradient was employed. The addition of 0.2% sodium lauryl sulfate to the 0.2 n NaOH lysing solution and reduction of the hemin concentration in the growth medium increased the reproducibility to 100% for log-phase cells handled in a manner mimicking the handling procedure used for irradiating cells with ultraviolet light. Distributions of DNA with number average molecular weights of 200 × 106 were routinely obtained by using these modifications.
Direct lift control for approach and landing.

Direct Lift Controllers for three large aircraft are designed by a computer program based on Kalman's linear state regulator theory. Demonstrated are controllers that maintain any desired pitch attitude, use feedbacks to a single control surface to eliminate response lag and reduce pitch rate overshoot while allowing conventional pitch attitude changes. The theoretical basis of the digital optimization program is presented coupled with a discussion of manipulation of the input cost matrices to satisfy performance and handling quality criteria. Strip chart recordings from a piloted analog simulation are shown to compare performance of the standard and DLC versions of each aircraft during a standard maneuver.
On universal graphs without cliques or withour large bipartite graphs

For every uncountable cardinal $\lambda$, suitable negations of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis imply: - For all infinite $\alpha$ and $\beta$, there is no universal $K_{\alpha,\beta}$-free graphs in $\lambda$ - For all $\alpha\ge 3$, there is no universal $K_\alpha$-free graph in $\lambda$ The instance $K_{\omega,\omega_1}$ for $\lambda=\aleph_1$ was settled by Komjath and Pach from the principle $\diamondsuit(\omega_1)$.
Comparative Genomics and New Evolutionary Biology

In Chapter 2, we primarily focused on the foundations of comparative genomics that come from evolutionary theory and only briefly summarized the evolutionary implications of genome comparisons. In this chapter, we address the connection between comparative genomics and evolution from a different angle. The question we ask is: how does comparative genomics affect our understanding of major aspects of the evolution of life? We believe that the effect is (or at least has the potential to be) truly profound. Perhaps most importantly, comparative genomics has already led to the reappraisal of the central trends of genome evolution. Instead of the classic concept of relatively stable genomes, which evolve through gradual changes spread through vertical inheritance, we now have the new notion of “genomes in flux” [787] . According to this concept, evolution involves gene loss and horizontal gene transfer as major forces shaping the genome, rather than isolated incidents of little consequence.
James Webb Space Telescope use of XML

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been defining, developing, and exercising the use of a common extensible markup language (XML) since 2002 for the central Project Reference Database (PRD) that would not only include the basic command and telemetry database structures, but also table definitions, pages, scripts, and other items needed for the real-time operations, archive, and planning systems. As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the wider international space community, JWST has been working with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Object Management Group (OMG) and the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) XML Telemetry and Command Exchange (XTCE) personnel to provide the information needed by space systems for exchanging databases using a XML standard structure. This paper will discuss how JWST uses XML, the experience in the XML structure, exchanging databases with other users, and issues that have been experienced by JWST.
Dynamics of Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels in Microfluidic Devices

In order to understand how interstitial fluid pressure and flow affect cell behavior, many studies use microfluidic approaches to apply externally controlled pressures to the boundary of a cell-containing gel. It is generally assumed that the resulting interstitial pressure distribution quickly reaches a steady-state, but this assumption has not been rigorously tested. Here, we demonstrate experimentally and computationally that the interstitial fluid pressure within an extracellular matrix gel in a microfluidic device can, in some cases, react with a long time delay to external loading. Remarkably, the source of this delay is the slight (∼100 nm in the cases examined here) distension of the walls of the device under pressure. Finite-element models show that the dynamics of interstitial pressure can be described as an instantaneous jump, followed by axial and transverse diffusion, until the steady pressure distribution is reached. The dynamics follow scaling laws that enable estimation of a gel's poroelastic constants from time-resolved measurements of interstitial fluid pressure.
Utility of early generation diallel analysis for predicting parental potential for yield and yield components in peanuts.

Abstract Accurate identification of promising parents is crucial for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar development. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the combining ability for yield and yield components of six genetically diverse peanut cultivars, (2) examine the relationship between F1 diallel analysis predictions and performance in subsequent generations, and (3) determine if parental performance per se could be used to identify desirable parents. Six peanut cultivars were selected to represent a wide range of genetic diversity and intermated using a half-diallel mating design. The cultivars included two Spanish market-types, Dixie Spanish and Spancross; two runner market-types, Southeastern Runner 56–15 and Tifrun; and two Virginia market-types, Virginia Runner G26 and Georgia 119–20. Parents and progenies were field evaluated each year at Tifton, GA. The F2 and F3 generations were tested in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Combining ability analysis showed that general combining abili...
Ultra-high critical heat flux (CHF) for subcooled water flow boiling—I: CHF data and parametric effects for small diameter tubes

Ultra-high critical heat flux (CHF) data, with many values exceeding 100 MW m−2, were obtained using high mass velocity, subcooled water flow through short, small diameter tubes. These tests produced the highest CHF of 276 MW m−2 reported in the literature for a uniformly heated tube which surpassed the prior record of 228 MW m−2. The data include broad ranges of tube diameter (0.406–2.54 mm) , heated length-to-diameter ratio (2.4–34.1) , mass velocity (5000–134 000 kg m−2 s−1) , inlet temperature (18–70°C) , and outlet pressure (2.5–172.4 bars) . The parametric trends of CHF were ascertained relative to all important flow and geometrical parameters. CHF increased with increasing mass velocity, increasing subcooling, decreasing tube diameter, and decreasing heated length-to-diameter ratio. For a constant inlet temperature, CHF increased with increasing pressure for pressures up to 30 bars, remained fairly constant between 30 and 150 bars, and decreased afterwards as the critical pressure was approached. CHF was accompanied by physical burnout of the tube wall near the exit and tube material had little effect on the magnitude of CHF. The pressure drop for most conditions was fairly constant, albeit as high as 153.4 bars, over the entire range of heat fluxes, from the single-phase flow condition corresponding to zero heat flux up to CHF, proving that CHF was triggered even with negligible net vapor production. These high pressure drops indicate special attention should be exercised when employing the high mass velocity flows necessary to attaining ultra-high CHF. These high pressure drops also render the practice of referencing CHF data reSlative to a single measured pressure value very misleading.
Overture to 1956.

THERE is a play by the brothers Quintero in which an old man seeks to bring his warring progency together for an occasion that seems to him very important. For on this particular day he was to be 100 years old. We can ourselves tonight pretend to be a hundred years old if such fancies give us pleasure. We can at least celebrate the centenary of our name year, even if the birth year of our subject is more ancient and obscure. In 1855 Claude Bernard in a lecture at the College of France used the phrase “internal secretion” for the first time. We ourselves were once the Association for the Study of Internal Secretions. We now have a shorter name that means much the same thing. We lack of course the power or the influence of the Spanish patriarch to assemble our children. Those of us who are here, however, can try to pass a pleasant evening thinking of a hundred years and more. To do so I shall draw most heavily on the biographies by Professor Olmsted of the University of California, and paraphrase a familiar...
Subjective Word‐Finding Difficulty Reduces Engagement in Social Leisure Activities in Alzheimer's Disease

Objectives: To assess the influence of subjective word-finding difficulty on degree of engagement in social leisure activities among individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Design: Analysis of data collected from the second cohort of the Multicenter Study of Predictors of Disease Course in Alzheimer's disease. Setting: Four study sites in the United States and France. Participants: Individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate AD (N = 236). Measurements: On separate questionnaires, participants were asked to 1) report whether they had trouble finding the right word when speaking (subjective word-finding difficulty) and 2) rate their frequency and enjoyment of social and nonsocial leisure activities. Objective language measures included object naming and verbal fluency. Measures of dependence, depression, cognitive status, age, sex, and education were also included as covariates in regression analyses. Results: Fifty-two percent of the sample reported word-finding difficulty, and subjective complaints were correlated with poorer verbal fluency scores. Subjective word-finding difficulty was selectively related to social but not nonsocial activity measures. Endorsers of word-finding difficulty reported less frequency and enjoyment of social leisure activities, controlling for effects of covariates and objective word-finding ability. In contrast, lower engagement in nonsocial activities was associated with older age and higher depression scores but not with word-finding complaints. Caregivers' reports of study participants' activities corroborated these results. Conclusion: Individuals with AD who are aware of increasing word-finding failures are less likely to participate in and enjoy socially oriented leisure activities. This finding may have significant implications for clinical and health outcomes in AD. Failure to evaluate subjective language complaints could result in social withdrawal symptoms, threatening the individual's quality of life and increasing caregiver burden. Reduced social interaction may ultimately exacerbate language symptoms over time.
Mirk/dyrk1B Is a Rho-induced Kinase Active in Skeletal Muscle Differentiation

The Rho family of small GTPases regulates numerous signaling pathways that control the organization of the cytoskeleton, transcription factor activity, and many aspects of the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. We now demonstrate that the kinase Mirk (minibrain-related kinase)/dyrk1B is induced by members of the Rho-family in myoblasts and that Mirk is active in skeletal muscle differentiation. Mirk is an arginine-directed serine/threonine kinase which is expressed at elevated levels in skeletal muscle compared with other normal tissues. A Mirk promoter construct was activated when C2C12 myoblasts were switched from growth to differentiation medium and was also activated by the Rho family members RhoA, Cdc42, and to a lesser degree Rac1, but not by MyoD or Myf5. Mirk protein levels increased following transient expression of constitutively active Cdc42-QL, RhoA-QL, or Rac1-QL in C2C12 cells. High concentrations of serum mitogens down-regulated Mirk through activation of the Ras-MEK-Erk pathway. As a result, Mirk transcription was induced by the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 and by the switch from growth to differentiation medium. Mirk was induced with similar kinetics to another Rho-induced differentiation gene, myogenin. Mirk protein levels increased 10-fold within 24-48 h after primary cultured muscle cells; C2C12 mouse myoblasts or L6 rat myoblasts were induced to differentiate. Thus Mirk was induced following the commitment stage of myogenesis. Stable overexpression of Mirk enabled myoblasts to fuse more rapidly when placed in differentiation medium. The function of Mirk in muscle differentiation was established by depletion of endogenous Mirk by small interfering RNA, which prevented myoblast fusion into myotubes and inhibited induction of markers of differentiation, including myogenin, fast twitch troponin T, and muscle myosin heavy chain. Other members of the dyrk/minibrain/HIPK family of kinases in lower organisms have been shown to regulate the transition from growth to differentiation, and Mirk is now shown to participate in skeletal muscle development.
Profile-guided receiver class prediction

The use of dynamically-dispatched procedure calls is a key mechanism for writing extensible and flexible code in object-oriented languages. Unfortunately, dynamic dispatching imposes a runtime performance penalty. Some recent implementations of pure object-oriented languages have utilized profile-guided receiver class prediction to reduce this performance penalty, and some researchers have argued for applying receiver class prediction in hybrid languages like C++. We performed a detailed examination of the dynamic profiles of eight large object-oriented applications written in C++ and Cecil, determining that the receiver class distributions are strongly peaked and stable across both inputs and program versions through time. We describe techniques for gathering and manipulating profile information at varying degrees of precision, particularly in the presence of optimizations such as inlining. Our implementation of profile-guided receiver class prediction improves the performance of large Cecil applications by more than a factor of two over solely static optimizations.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes in blood platelets.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes were rarely present in blood platelets of normal rabbits or human subjects. After thrombin infusion or bleeding, rabbits became thrombocytopenic and the relative number of platelets containing RER and polyribosomes was considerably increased. The presence of RER in isolated platelets provides a morphological basis for protein synthesis. The increase in ribo-some-containing platelets after induction of thrombocytopenia suggests that these elements are derived from young megakaryocytes.
Graphics software and hardware design with the 82786

Abstract The 82786 graphics coprocessor has two separate and independent processors on chip, one for drawing and another for display. To use this device to full advantage the device must be programmed to allow efficient use of its resources. The paper describes how the processor sees the 82786. It describes the register model for the programmer and illustrates the data structures in memory which are used for communication between the CPU and the 82786. Examples are presented of how the graphics and display processors are programmed and used by the CPU to draw pictures and display windows on screen.
A Simple Method To Calculate the Temperature Dependence of the Gibbs Energy and Chemical Equilibrium Constants

The temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy and important quantities such as Henry’s law constants, activity coefficients, and chemical equilibrium constants is usually calculated by using the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation. Although, this is a well-known approach and traditionally covered as part of any physical chemistry course, the required mathematical treatment for solving the equation can be tedious and prone to mistakes especially when polynomial expressions for the heat capacities are used. In this article, an alternative approach is introduced in which a simple algebraic equation can provide quick and accurate results for the temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy and chemical equilibrium constants. The comparison against the conventional methods and values reported in the literature validate the effectiveness of the proposed equation.
Effects of distracting stimuli on CNV amplitude and reaction time

Abstract The present study investigated the reliability of CNV distraction and rebound effects, and their relation with reaction time. Twenty-four subjects were presented three blocks of trials: (1) a control block — a fixed foreperiod reaction time task consisting of a flash–tone–key press sequence; (2) a divided-attention block — randomly intermixed trials with and without a short-term memory task (three visually-presented letters) in the S1–S2 interval (50% of each); and (3) a second control block. In trials with the short-term memory task, subjects recalled the letters after the key press to the tone. Compared to the control block, CNV amplitudes during trials with letters were significantly smaller and reaction times to S2 were significantly slower (distraction effect). In contrast, CNV amplitudes during trials with no-letters were significantly larger (CNV rebound), but the reaction times were again significantly slower. This dissociation of CNV rebound and reaction time could provide an objective neurophysiological tool to probe attention functions in both normal and clinical populations.
Prism spectroscopic ellipsometer

Abstract A conventional prism spectrometer is converted into a transmission spectroscopic ellipsometer (TSELL) by using the prism itself as the sample or substrate. An obliquely incident collimated broadband beam of light is dispersed by the prism into its colors, which are focused by a lens onto a linear detector array. A rotating achromatic linear polarizer is inserted in the incident beam, and a fixed linear analyzer is placed in front of the detector array. Fourier analysis of the output signal as a function of the polarizer azimuth, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, yields the transmission ellipsometric parameters ψ t (λ) and Δ t (λ) as functions of wavelength λ. For a given uncoated prism, the deflection angle γ(λ) and the base-line SE data of ψ t (λ) can be inverted to yield the prism refractive index n p (λ), or the constant coefficients of an appropriate dispersion relation for the prism material. When the prism is coated by a transparent or semitransparent thin film, the TSELL data of ψ t (λ), Δ t (λ) enable the determination of the thickness d and optical constants n f (λ), k f (λ) of the film. As an example, the potential of TSELL is illustrated using simulated TSELL spectra for a fused-silica prism that is coated with a ZnS film.
Developing a pedagogy of interactional expertise for sustainability education

The concept of interactional expertise (IE) describes the type of knowledge needed to communicate effectively with experts from technical disciplines, even without actually practicing in the discipline. Although hard to acquire, IE can be obtained without hands-on experience. Interactional experts include a variety of critics and journalists, as well as peer-review panelists, all of whom can provide criticism, play devil's advocate, tell insider jokes, assess quality and make context-specific judgments. IE is essential for managers of large scientific organizations, as they are required to interact as experts in a wide range of disciplines in which they may have little or no practical experience. IE is also required of scholars working in multidisciplinary research teams, such as in sustainability. The only reliable way to acquire IE in science is through intensive linguistic socialization with disciplinary experts. Given the emergence of novel, integrative graduate education programs in sustainability, universities should consider how education can accelerate the acquisition of IE for the purpose of conducting collaborative sustainability research. We hypothesize that pedagogical strategies adapted from foreign language teaching can prime students for rapid acquisition of interactional expertise. To test our hypothesis, we designed a pilot course for graduate sustainability students around the central idea that acquiring IE is like acquiring a foreign language. We tested the effectiveness of this approach with novel assessment methods through which we were able to gauge the effectiveness of the course and ensure that students learned fundamental thermodynamics concepts. Preliminary results show that the course improves student communication, presents an alternative to traditional thermodynamic instruction and effectively teaches fundamental concepts.
Conformational Analysis of 3,3,4-Trimethylhexane and 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra were obtained for 3,3,4-trimethylhexane and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane and were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate calculations. It was shown that each compound exists as a mixture of two molecular conformations.
Advanced Lithium Battery Cathodes Using Dispersed Carbon Fibers as the Current Collector

To fabricate LiFePO4 battery cathodes, highly conductive carbon fibers of 10-20 m in diameter have been used to replace a conventional aluminum (Al) foil current collector. This disperses the current collector throughout the cathode sheet and increases the contact area with the LiFePO4 (LFP) particles. In addition, the usual organic binder plus carbon-black can be replaced by a high temperature binder of <5 weight % carbonized petroleum pitch (P-pitch). Together these replacements increase the specific energy density and energy per unit area of the electrode. Details of the coating procedure, characterization and approach for maximizing the energy density are discussed. In a side-by-side comparison with conventional cathodes sheets of LFP on Al foil, the carbon fiber composite cathodes have a longer cycle life, higher thermal stability, and high capacity utilization with little sacrifice of the rate performance.
Calibration of coherent lidar targets

We determine the backscatter reflectance (more properly the bidirectional reflectance distribution function at a 45° angle of incidence and observation) for circularly polarized radiation of λ = 10.6 μm for 120-grit aluminum oxide sandcloth (1.5 × 10−2 sr−1) and 400-grit silicon carbide sandpaper (1.1 × 10−2 sr−1) with respect to sublimed flowers of sulfur (1.8 × 10−1 sr−1). The effect of range and the atmospheric effect of turbulence-induced beam wander are discussed for both rotating disks and linearly translated belts. The advantages of large slowly rotating disks for field calibrations are presented.
Mixed Convective Low Flow Pressure Drop in Vertical Rod Assemblies: II—Experimental Validation

An experimental study has been conducted to validate the predictive models and correlations for laminar and transition flow frictional pressure loss in vertical rod bundles under mixed convection conditions. An experimental procedure has been developed to measure low differential pressures under mixed convection conditions in 19 heated rod bare and wire-wrapped assemblies. The proposed model has been found successfully to predict the effects of wire wrapping, power skew, transition from laminar regime, developing and interacting flow redistributions, and rod number on the friction loss characteristics in bundle geometries over the bundle average {ital Gr}{sub {ital q}}/{ital Re} number range of 6 to 18,500.
Effects of Helium on Two-Level Systems in Porous Vycor Glass

From sound-velocity measurements we found that the presence of helium in the pores of Vycor increased the relaxation rates of two-level systems in the glass. Superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ caused a much larger increase than either solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ or liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. The results are interpreted in terms of additional thermal phonons in the helium, with fourth-sound modes possibly causing the faster relaxation for superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$.
Prediction of Proximate Fish Composition from Ultrasonic Properties: Catfish, Cod, Flounder, Mackerel and Salmon

The ultrasonic velocity within Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber sombrus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and Sole flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) fillets was measured over a range of temperatures (5 to 35°C) using an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique (∼3.5 MHz). Lipid, protein, moisture and ash content of fillets were determined by standard methods. Ultrasonic velocity-temperature profiles were dependent on fish composition and could be predicted reasonably well using a semi-empirical equation developed in a previous study. Ultrasonic velocity measurements show potential for analyzing fish composition.
Elliptic solutions of the defocusing NLS equation are stable

The stability of the stationary periodic solutions of the integrable (one-dimensional, cubic) defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation is reasonably well understood, especially for solutions of small amplitude. In this paper, we exploit the integrability of the NLS equation to establish the spectral stability of all such stationary solutions, this time by explicitly computing the spectrum and the corresponding eigenfunctions associated with their linear stability problem. An additional argument using an appropriate Krein signature allows us to conclude the (nonlinear) orbital stability of all stationary solutions of the defocusing NLS equation with respect to so-called subharmonic perturbations: perturbations that have period equal to an integer multiple of the period of the amplitude of the solution. All results presented here are independent of the size of the amplitude of the solutions and apply equally to solutions with trivial and nontrivial phase profiles.
Severe depressive symptoms are associated with elevated endothelin-1 in younger patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Abstract Objective To explore the relationship of depressive symptom severity to circulating endothelin (ET)-1 in younger patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Younger patients report greater depressive symptom severity, which predicts poorer post-ACS prognosis. The pathways linking depression to post-ACS prognosis require further elucidation. ET-1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor which has been previously linked to adverse post-ACS outcomes. Methods The sample (n = 153) included males ≤ 50 years of age and females ≤ 55 years of age who participated in a larger study. Blood samples for ET-1 assessment were collected within 2–3 h of ACS admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II within 2–5 days of admission. ET-1 was treated as a transformed continuous variable (ET-1T). BDI-II scores were classified into four categories using conventional thresholds demarcating mild, moderate, and severe levels of depressive symptoms. The relationship of classified BDI-II score to ET-1T was examined in simple and multivariable linear regression models. Results Classified BDI-II score was related to ET-1T in both unadjusted ( χ 2 = 9.469, p = 0.024) and multivariable ( χ 2 = 8.430, p = 0.038) models, with ET-1T being significantly higher in patients with severe depressive symptoms than in those with mild and moderate depressive symptoms. Conclusions In this sample of younger post-ACS patients, severe depressive symptoms were associated with elevated ET-1. We acknowledge that the observed association could be eliminated by the inclusion of some unmeasured variable(s). Longitudinal research should examine whether ET-1 mediates the relationship of depressive symptoms to long-term post-ACS outcomes.
O-GlcNAcylation and 5-Methylcytosine Oxidation: An Unexpected Association between OGT and TETs

Three recent studies, including one in this issue of Molecular Cell, document unexpected physical and functional interactions between two unrelated enzymes: OGT, which transfers O-GlcNAc to serine/threonine residues of numerous cellular proteins, and TET-family dioxygenases, which successively oxidize 5-methylcytosine in DNA.
Donnan-e.m.f. and suspension effect

Abstract The Donnan-e.m.f. may be defined as the e.m.f. of the cell obtained by connecting two identical electrodes by means of saturated KCl bridges to a suspension and its equilibrium liquid. The suspension effect is the difference in e.m.f. obtained in the conventional determination of the pH in a suspension and in its equilibrium solution. It is shown that the Donnan-e.m.f. and the suspension effect are identical. The Donnan-e.m.f. can be calculated from the chemical potentials and the transference numbers in the two liquid junctions. It is pointed out that the measured potential can not be separated into a “true” Donnan- or membrane-potential and two liquid junction potentials without arbitrariness. Explicit equations for the Donnan-e.m.f. are given for a number of typical cases. It appears that the classical equation for the Donnan-potential is in error if the mobilities of the gegenions are modified by the presence of the particles, which presumably is the case, unless the particle charge is extremely small.
Endoscopic laser stereotaxis: indication for cystic or intraventricular lesions

Image guided stereotaxis is an accurate and safe method of directing therapy to target volumes define'd in two-dimensional (2D) multiplanes or three-dimensional (3D) perspectives using computer reconstruction of image data. The major limitations of stereotactic techniques are related to a lack of intraoperative visualization and direct monitoring of the procedures and to changes of intracranial coordinates after decompression of cystic lesions or aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid in the management of intraventricular lesions. Endoscopic laser stereotaxis (ELS) involves integration of rigid-flexible endoscopy and Nd-YAG laser to 3D-2D multiplanar image-guided stereotactic procedures (7). The major advantages of ELS include: direct intraoperative visualization, hemostasis, evacuation or resection assessment, and wide exploration of intracranial cavities or ventricles. The technique allows safe aspiration, biopsy, and resection or internal decompression of deep and subcortical intracranial lesions. ELS has proved to be safe and effective in the management of 72 clinical cases and appears to be a promising technique in the management of cystic and intraventricular lesions.
196 SERIAL PLASMA CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE FETAL GROWTH RETARDED LAMB (FGR)

Growth retarded fetuses are considered to be under chronic stress due to lack of oxygen and nutrients. Since FGR lambs have proportionally a large adrenal weight and a small thymus, both suggestive signs of increased adrenal activity, we measured the total corticosteroid levels in this syndrome. Growth retardation was produced in 7 chronically catheterized fetal lambs by embolization of the maternal uterine bed with non radioactive microspheres. Fetal femoral artery pH was (mean±SE) 7.38±0.008; PO2 18.41±0.61 torr; PCO2 46.62±1.19 torr and hematocrit 36.64±0.68%. Total corticosteroid was measured by RIA serially in fetal femoral arterial plasmas from 113 to 141 days gestation. Mean corticosteroid concentration (ng/ml) in FGR lambs were 4.92±1.0 (n=10), 7.44±1.3 (n=11), 20.75±5.42 (n=17) at 110-120, 121-130 and 131 to 141 days gestation respectively. These values are not significantly different from control animals, (5.21±1.02, n=10; 7.22±0.75, n=5; 13.75±3.12, n=4; respectively). These results indicate that placental embolization enough to cause fetal growth retardation is not a stimulus for enhanced fetal adrenal activity nor accelerates fetal adrenal maturation.
Hydroprocessing Bio-Oil and Products Separation for Coke Production

Fast pyrolysis of biomass can be used to produce a raw bio-oil product, which can be upgraded by catalytic hydroprocessing to hydrocarbon liquid products. In this study, the upgraded products were distilled to recover light naphtha and oils and to produce a distillation residue with useful properties for coker processing and production of a renewable low-sulfur electrode carbon. For this hydroprocessing work, phase separation of the bio-oil was applied as a preparatory step to concentrate the heavier, more phenolic components, thus, generating a more amenable feedstock for residue production. Low residual oxygen content products were produced by continuous-flow catalytic hydroprocessing of the phase separated bio-oil.
Outcomes with Invasive vs Conservative Management of Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Background In the SHOCK trial, an invasive strategy of early revascularization was associated with a significant mortality benefit at 6 months when compared with initial stabilization in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Our objectives were to evaluate the data on real-world practice and outcomes of invasive vs conservative management in patients with cardiogenic shock. Methods We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 with primary discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and secondary diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of patients managed invasively (with cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) vs conservatively with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results We identified 60,833 patients with cardiogenic shock, of which 20,644 patients (10,322 in each group) with similar propensity scores, including 11,004 elderly patients (≥75 years), were in the final analysis. Patients who underwent invasive management had 59% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (37.7% vs 59.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.43; P P P P interaction Conclusions In this largest cohort of patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction, patients managed invasively had significantly lower mortality when compared with those managed conservatively, even in the elderly. Our results emphasize the need for aggressive management in this high-risk subgroup.
Selective isotope excitation of fluorescence of CuI

Abstract The resonance fluorescence spectra of CuI vapor excited by single-mode argon ion laser lines have been obtained and analyzed. Isotopic molecules of cuprous iodide, Cu63I and Cu65I, have been selectively excited. The transitions involved are found to involve the C1Σ-X1Σ and A1Σ-X1Σ systems. The rotational constant of the A-band system of Cu65I is determined to be 0.0670 cm−1. The other molecular constants obtained are in good agreement with previously reported data. Vibrational energy transfer is evident, but no significant rotational broadening or new rotational lines have been observed over the temperature range studied.
Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids by Selective Agonists in the Rat Hippocampus

Adrenal steroids can have prodigious effects on the structure, function, and survival of hippocampal neurons. In the rat hippocampus, the actions of adrenal steroids are mediated by two receptor types, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Using in situ hybridization, we have examined the regulation of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, by aldosterone, which acts selectively through MR, and by RU28362, which acts selectively through GR. Our results demonstrate that there is autoregulation of each receptor subtype, such that activation of GR regulates GR mRNA levels and MR activation regulates MR mRNA expression. In addition, there is evidence that aldosterone, acting through MR, can affect the expression of GR mRNA. The extent to which a specific agonist can produce a significant change in the expression of a particular steroid receptor mRNA varies between the different subfields of the hippocampus.
Space requirements for finishing pigs in confinement: behavior and performance while group size and space vary

Abstract A total of 450 pigs were used in two studies to examine the effects of group size and floor space on use of space and pig performance for pigs held in confinement on total concrete slats. In the first study, pigs showed similar weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency when held in pens providing 0.74 m2 per pig and in group sizes of 10, 20 or 40 pigs per pen. Pig injury/morbidity rates were greatest for pigs held at 40 pigs per pen. Examination of pig postures every 30 min for a 24-h period allowed us to use published allometric equations to determine amount of floor space occupied by pigs and amount of floor space free or unoccupied. Free space perpig increased as group size increased. In the second performance trial, removal of 50% of the free or unused space resulted in no performance problem; however, removal of all the free space (or exactly meeting pig body space needs) resulted in reduced pig weight gain. These data support the idea, firstly, that space needs per pig decrease slightly as group size increases. Secondly, to avoid performance set-backs, pigs require some free space beyond their static space requirements (beyond their need for resting places for their bodies).
Risk of Pathologic Upgrading or Locally Advanced Disease in Early Prostate Cancer Patients Based on Biopsy Gleason Score and PSA: A Population-Based Study of Modern Patients

Purpose Radiation oncologists rely on available clinical information (biopsy Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) to determine the optimal treatment regimen for each prostate cancer patient. Existing published nomograms correlating clinical to pathologic extent of disease were based on patients treated in the 1980s and 1990s at select academic institutions. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to examine pathologic outcomes (Gleason score and cancer stage) in early prostate cancer patients based on biopsy Gleason score and PSA concentration. Methods and Materials This analysis included 25,858 patients whose cancer was diagnosed between 2010 and 2011, with biopsy Gleason scores of 6 to 7 and clinical stage T1 to T2 disease, who underwent radical prostatectomy. In subgroups based on biopsy Gleason score and PSA level, we report the proportion of patients with pathologically advanced disease (positive surgical margin or pT3-T4 disease) or whose Gleason score was upgraded. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with pathologic outcomes. Results For patients with biopsy Gleason score 6 cancers, 84% of those with PSA Conclusions This is the first population-based study to examine pathologic extent of disease and pathologic Gleason score upgrading based on clinically available information in modern patients. These data inform the selection of radiation therapy strategies and an understanding of whether prostatectomy alone is likely to be curative for patients with early prostate cancers.
Analgesic and antiemetic needs following minimally invasive vs open staging for endometrial cancer.

Objective We sought to assess perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive vs open endometrial cancer staging procedures. Study Design A total of 181 consecutive patients underwent open or minimally invasive hysterectomy with or without lymphadenectomy. Perioperative outcomes, analgesic, and antiemetic use were compared. Results In all, 97 and 84 women underwent open and minimally invasive staging procedures, respectively. In the open staging group, median anesthesia time was shorter (197 vs 288 minutes; P P = .01) and hospital stay (4 vs 1 day; P P P = .01) use were lower for minimally invasive surgery in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Median estimated blood loss was lower for minimally invasive procedures (100 vs 300 mL; P Conclusion Minimally invasive staging for endometrial cancer is associated with lower use of narcotics and antiemetics, and shorter hospital stay compared to open procedures.