cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase pp125FAK during development: relation to paxillin

Significant changes in the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation accompany avian embryonic development. A comparison of different tissues reveals that a similar and remarkably restricted complement of proteins is modified in this manner. In each case the major proteins detected using anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies have molecular masses of approximately 170, 150, 125, 70 and 50 kDa. As a first step in determining the function of this protein modification in embryogenesis we have initiated a study to identify these phosphoproteins. We have previously reported that the 70 kDa band is paxillin, a component of actin-membrane attachment sites associated with regions of cell adhesion (Turner, C. E. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 115, 201–207). We report here that the 125 kDa phosphotyrosine-containing protein is the tyrosine kinase pp125FAK, a protein that co-localizes with paxillin at sites of adhesion (Schaller et al. (1992) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5192–5196). Tyrosine phosphorylation of both pp125FAK and paxillin was detected at low levels as early as embryonic day 3 and increased steadily during the first half of development, reached a maximum between embryonic days eight and twelve, and declined to background levels prior to hatching. Paxillin protein expression also increased during the first half of embryogenesis, suggesting little change in the overall phosphorylation of this protein through embryonic day 8. In contrast, pp125FAK, following an initial increase, is expressed at a constant high level during these early embryonic stages, implying an increase in its overall phosphotyrosine content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Longitudinal Study of Preferences for Multinational Products

Economic national boundaries are crumbling at an accelerated rate today. International trade intensified and accelerated to a fever pitch with the advent of the trade imbalance and the balance of payments deficit. Consequently, aggressive marketing and promotional practices of many exporting firms were intensified by the countries these firms represented. This paper intended to address the consumers’ attitudinal preferences toward products of industrial nations.
Clinical Effects and Antivenom Use for Snake Bite Victims Treated at Three US Hospitals in Afghanistan

Objective Annually, more than 100,000 US and international military and civilian personnel work in Afghanistan within terrain harboring venomous snakes. Current literature insufficiently supports Afghan antivenom treatment and stocking guidelines. We report the clinical course and treatments for snakebite victims presenting to US military hospitals in Afghanistan. Methods All snakebite victims presenting to 3 US military emergency departments between July 2010 and August 2011 in northern and southern Afghanistan were examined via chart review. Case information included patient demographics, snake description, bite details and complications, laboratory results, antivenom use and adverse effects, procedures performed, and hospital course. Results Of 17 cases, median patient age was 20 years (interquartile range [IQR], 12–30), 16 were male, and 82% were Afghans. All bites were to an extremity, and median time to care was 2.8 hours (IQR, 2–5.8). On arrival, 8 had tachycardia and none had hypotension or hypoxia. A viper was implicated in 5 cases. Ten cases received at least 1 dose of polyvalent antivenom, most commonly for coagulopathy, without adverse effects. Six received additional antivenom, 6 had an international normalized ratio (INR) > 10, and none developed delayed coagulopathy. Three received blood transfusions. Hospital stay ranged from 1 to 4 days. None required vasopressors, fasciotomy, or other surgery, and none died. All had resolution of marked coagulopathies and improved swelling and pain on discharge. Conclusions We report the largest series of snake envenomations treated by US physicians in Afghanistan. Antivenom was tolerated well with improvement of coagulopathy and symptoms. All patients survived with minimal advanced interventions other than blood transfusion.
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation late in development increases the toxicity of oil to mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos.

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 overlapped with the spawning of many pelagic fish species in the Gulf of Mexico, including mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released during the spill have been shown to cause photo-induced toxicity under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the present study, mahi-mahi embryos were exposed to high-energy water accommodated fractions of source and naturally weathered oils for up to 48 h. The timing of co-exposure with UV radiation varied between an early development exposure for 8 h or a late development exposure for 8 h. The UV co-exposure had a photo-induced toxic effect on hatching success for all oil types and exposure scenarios. A more sensitive developmental window to photo-induced toxicity was observed when UV exposure occurred late in development. Source Oil B (SOB) was over six fold more toxic and Massachusetts source oil (MASS) oil was 1.6 fold more toxic when the embryos were co-exposed to UV light late in development. Further, weathered oil from the surface (OFS) co-exposure with UV late in development resulted in bradycardia in the mahi-mahi. The present study provides evidence that the developmental window when UV co-exposure occurs has a significant effect on the degree of photo-induced toxicity of oil, as well as provides evidence that UV co-exposure may exacerbate long-term cardiac effects in developing fish. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Internalization and externalization in the classroom: How do they emerge and why is it important?

Work-in-Progress. “I felt so dumb, and it's not fair that I cannot grasp this information to save my life, and other people can with no problem.” Why do some students feel empowered in the classroom, and feel they have control over their own learning, while others do not? Our qualitative investigation is a part of a larger mixed-methods study about students' situational motivations in introductory STEM courses. We used grounded theory to analyze students' responses to surveys about emotion, course relevance, and motivation. We investigated two emergent phenomena we called “internalization” and “externalization.” Our definitions of these are based on a student's perception of who or what influences the outcomes of their activities: the students themselves, or external factors such as the instructor, peers, or the educational system as a whole. Our findings indicate that (1) internalization correlates with cognitive autonomy, students' perception of course content having high personal relevance, and group projects in project-based learning environments; and (2) externalization correlates with lecture-based environments and students' perceptions of lack of personal relevance in the course content. Our analyses suggest that project-based learning environments may serve to empower students, but only when course content is found to be relevant.
THE STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF A TYROSINE TRANSFER RNA GENE

Methods for the chemical synthesis of the short deoxyribopolynucleotide and for the total synthesis of double-stranded DNA will be reviewed. Recent progress made toward the total synthesis of the gene for the precursor for the tyrosine tRNA will be described. The current work on the determination of the nucleotide sequence of the precursor and terminator regions for this gene will be reviewed. The goal of the total synthesis now becomes one of the total synthesis of the structure gene, including the start and stop signals for its transcriptions.
Semicoupled modeling of interaction between deformable tires and pavements

AbstractThe interaction between deformable tires and pavements was studied using finite-element modeling and a semicoupled approach. Three finite-element models were used: (1) a hyperelastic tire r...
533. A Clinically Relevant Approach for Retargeting Foamy Viral Vectors Into Heterochromatin

Retroviral (RV) vector mediated gene therapy offers immense potential for permanently treating a broad spectrum of genetic conditions and has shown efficacy in clinical trials. However, vector proviruses can dysregulate nearby host genes, referred to as genotoxicity, which can lead to oncogenic transformation. Studies on the integration profiles and the mechanisms responsible for targeting integration have been carried out, resulting in a better understanding of the safety of RV vectors. Integration is influenced by the pre-integration complex (PIC) and its interactions with host proteins. Retargeting RV vectors to safe locations in the genome is an important step in reducing potential genotoxic effects. Although the RV PIC and its interactions are poorly defined, studies have shown that it is possible to retarget RV vector integration. It has been demonstrated that lentiviral vector integration can be retargeted using artificial tethering factors. A modified cell line was produced that expressed lens epithelium–derived growth factor (LEDGF) fused to chromobox protein homolog 1 (CBX1) in place of the wild type LEDGF. The LEDGF-CBX1 fusion protein targeted lentiviral vector integration into methylated regions in the human genome. However, this strategy requires modifying a cell to express a fusion protein and is therefore not practical for clinical use. Other studies have also shown it is possible to retarget RV vector integration, but these studies resulted in reduced transgene expression or impaired vector titers. A clinically relevant method for retargeting integration to safer genomic locations is needed.Here we demonstrate an approach to retarget foamy viral (FV) vector integration into safer heterochromatic regions that does not require a modified cell line. Foamy viruses have a broad tropism, a large packaging capacity, and efficiently transduce hematopoietic stem cells, making them well suited for gene therapy. We describe a FV vector with a modified Pol which expresses an integrase-CBX1 (IN-CBX1) fusion protein and a modified Gag which expresses a mutated chromatin binding site (CBS) domain. CBX1 binds to trimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me3), so we hypothesized the IN-CBX1 fusion protein would target FV vector integration into heterochromatin. The integration sites of the modified FV vector (n = 1494) and the control FV vector were compared in normal human fibroblast cells. We analyzed the retargeting ability by comparing the integration sites to normal human fibroblast H3K9me3 ChIP-Seq data. Significant retargeting to H3K9me3 regions was observed with the modified FV vector (P 107 transducing units/ml). This study demonstrates that FV vectors can be efficiently retargeted using foamy integrase fusion proteins. Since this approach does not require engineering the target cells, it is promising for use in the clinic, including hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy.
Stress Inoculation Training for Social Anxiety, with Emphasis on Dating Anxiety

The last decade has seen an increasing concern with the assessment and treatment of social anxiety (Arkowitz, 1977; Curran, 1977; Rehm & Marston, 1968). A major impetus for this increasing interest has been the recognition that social anxiety represents a problem of considerable daily concern to individuals (Borkovec, Stone, O’Brien, & Kaloupek, 1974). Such problems as shyness, lack of assertion, dating anxiety, and fear of others represent the most important referral source in university counseling services (Orr & Mitchell, 1975) while at the same time representing a major concern of clinically referred populations (Kanter & Goldfried, 1979). When speaking of social anxiety, it is important to note that this construct refers to a continuum from shyness to the extreme degree of social phobia perhaps evident in the behavior of an agoraphobic. The importance of social anxiety reduction programs will no doubt increase in the future as community-oriented outreach programs attempt to meet the needs of problems in living (Barton & Sanborn, 1977). For example, a significant percentage of college campuses already offer outreach programs that attempt to deal with social anxiety (Morrill & Oettuig, 1978). This chapter will review previous work on the assessment and reduction of social anxiety with specific emphasis on dating anxiety. Attention will be paid to presenting and evaluating various treatment approaches. In particular, the chapter will focus on treatment programs that view social situations as stressful events and that utilize stress prevention and management tehniques to deal with the troublesome aspects of social interactions.
A Tour de Force: The Discovery, Properties, and Function of Piezo Channels

Mechanical transducers appear throughout cell biology and are used to convert mechanical stress into chemical or electrical signals that allow the cell to respond to environmental changes. In the past six years, a eukaryotic mechanical channel family with two members, Piezo1 and Piezo2, has been identified. Piezo1 was shown to be a cation-selective channel that does not require ancillary proteins for activity. Mouse Piezo1 is large, with over 2500 amino acids, and is not homologous to other ion channels. Both piezo channels have rapid voltage-dependent inactivation with a reversal potential near 0mV. The CryoEm structure of Piezo1 at 4.8A shows trimer stoichiometry. Since the discovery of the piezo channels, their roles in the physiological response of cells have started to emerge. Significant progress has been made in understanding the intrinsic properties of the channels and how these properties are modulated by cytoskeletal elements. Specific diseases, such as hereditary xerocytosis affecting red blood cells, have mutations in Piezo1 that alter the cell's response to force, typically slowing inactivation and introducing a latency for activation. A number of physiological functions for piezo channels have been identified. These range from sensing the stiffness of surrounding substrate, to the response to light touch, to serotonin release from the gut. This review provides a general overview of the properties and roles of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in eukaryotic mechanotransduction.
Serotonin and Serotonin Transporters in the Adrenal Medulla: A Potential Hub for Modulation of the Sympathetic Stress Response

Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system where it modulates circuits involved in mood, cognition, movement, arousal, and autonomic function. The 5-HT transporter (SERT; SLC6A4) is a key regulator of 5-HT signaling, and genetic variations in SERT are associated with various disorders including depression, anxiety, and autism. This review focuses on the role of SERT in the sympathetic nervous system. Autonomic/sympathetic dysfunction is evident in patients with depression, anxiety, and other diseases linked to serotonergic signaling. Experimentally, loss of SERT function (SERT knockout mice or chronic pharmacological block) has been reported to augment the sympathetic stress response. Alterations to serotonergic signaling in the CNS and thus central drive to the peripheral sympathetic nervous system are presumed to underlie this augmentation. Although less widely recognized, SERT is robustly expressed in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, the neuroendocrine arm o...
Thermal Energy Harvesting from Asphalt Roadway Pavement

This study is aimed at developing energy harvesting system for electrical power generation from asphalt pavement roadways. Energy harvesting technologies from roadways is a new research arena which involves technologies that capture the wasted heat energy in pavements, accumulate and store it for later use without depletion of natural resources. The temperature of pavement surface rises up to 50 °C to 55 °C in the summer (depends on geographic location) due to the effect of the solar radiation. Soil temperature is consistently stabilized at 27 °C creating a thermal gradient profile across pavement layer structure. This Thermal gradient is a potential source of energy that can be harvested. The proposed system collects heat energy from the pavement surface and transfers to thermoelectric generators module along the pavement side. Field demonstration, laboratory testing and finite element simulation suggested that electric energy is approximately 10 mW per thermoelectric module (6.4 cm × 6.4 cm dimension). At scalable system, the produced energy can be used for LED street illuminating or empowering roadway monitoring devices inserted within the pavement in off-grid areas. Furthermore. Changes in the response of these sensors can be used as a means of monitoring the health of the pavement layers, where these sensors are installed. This paper demonstrates finite element simulation on the capability of the proposed system and preliminary findings on the output power generation.
Brachial Artery Stenosis

This chapter discusses the case of a 63-year-old diabetic male patient, who was dialyzed for 3 years and had a brachial-basilic arteriovenous fistula in his left arm. He was referred to the dialysis access clinic with stage III dialysis access steal syndrome. The patient gave a history of left hand problems that started approximately 3 months earlier with just a cold hand, progressed to pain during dialysis and eventually pain when not on dialysis.
Evaluation of Methods Used in Testing Attraction of Cerambycid Beetles to Pheromone-Baited Traps

Here, we describe several field experiments that evaluated potential problems with current methods of trapping cerambycid beetles using panel traps baited with synthesized pheromones. Positioning traps at least 5 m apart in linear transects was effective in preventing unbaited traps from intercepting beetles that were flying to baited traps, which would result in interference between treatments. There was no evidence that traps baited with a strong attractant drew beetles away from traps baited with weaker attractants, which would lead to the erroneous conclusion that the latter have no activity. Unbaited panel traps were minimally attractive to cerambycid beetles, and unlikely to intercept them passively in flight. Finally, dose-response experiments revealed that trap catch of cerambycids was positively associated with pheromone release rates. Overall, our results generally validated current methods of trapping cerambycids using traps baited with pheromones.
Ractopamine Hydrochloride Did Not Impact Carcass Traits, Muscle Fiber Types, or Sensory Traits of Long-Fed Yearling Heifers

Crossbred heifers (n = 64; animal was the experimental unit) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 treatment days-on-feed (DOF; 79, 100, 121, 142) and 2 levels of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) supplementation (0 or 300 mg × hd–1 × d–1). At 24 h postmortem, carcass traits were determined by trained personnel and longissimus samples were removed for muscle fiber type analyses. Boneless strip loins (IMPS #180) were fabricated and vacuum-packaged at 24 h postmortem and aged for 21 d, cut into 2.54 cm thick steaks, then frozen for no longer than 6 mo. After thawing for 24 h, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and trained sensory panel analyses were conducted. Marbling was greater (P 0.05) on carcass traits, muscle fiber histology, or meat quality. The addition of RAC had no effect (P > 0.05) on Warner-Bratzler shear force. Feeding RAC had no negative impacts on carcass traits or meat quality and actually improved marbling scores in longer-fed heifers.
From the Child's Word to Clinical Intervention: Novel, New, and Innovative Approaches to Symptoms in Pediatric Palliative Care.

Despite vast improvements in disease-based treatments, many children live with life-threatening disorders that cause distressing symptoms. These symptoms can be difficult to comprehensively assess and manage. Yet, frequent and accurate symptom reporting and expert treatment is critical to preserving a patient’s physical, psychological, emotional, social, and existential heath. We describe emerging methods of symptom and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) assessment through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) tools now used in clinical practice and novel research studies. Computer-based and mobile apps can facilitate assessment of symptoms and HRQOL. These technologies can be used alone or combined with therapeutic strategies to improve symptoms and coping skills. We review technological advancements, including mobile apps and toys, that allow improved symptom reporting and management. Lastly, we explore the value of a pediatric palliative care interdisciplinary team and their role in assessing and managing distressing symptoms and minimizing suffering in both the child and family. These methods and tools highlight the way that novel, new, and innovative approaches to symptom assessment and management are changing the way that pediatrics and pediatric palliative care will be practiced in the future.
Prevalence of allergen sensitization detected by patch tests.

BACKGROUND Existing literature on the prevalence of positive reactions to allergens is largely derived from dermatologists who practice at large academic centers. Data from other providers, including allergists who practice in various other settings, is important to assess a more representative and accurate prevalence of contact allergy. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of contact allergy among individuals with at least one positive patch test result by comparing data for positive patch test reaction rates of common contact allergens from 3 groups based in different practice settings, 2 of which are academic. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patch test results of an academic center (January 1, 2011, to December 4, 2015) and a national contact allergen database (March 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016). Data from a third, academic-based group was obtained separately from the published literature. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare positive reaction rates of the widely available, patch test allergens among the 3 groups. RESULTS The positive reaction rates for 10 of 36 compared allergens (28%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the national contact allergen database compared with both the academic groups. CONCLUSION Positive reaction rates to common allergens used in patch testing may be underreported in the literature. Limitations of our study included the retrospective nature of the study, different date ranges among the three groups, and the absence of all allergens tested by the national contact allergen database.
Certain Presuppositions and Some Intermediate Readings, and Vice Versa

The paper discusses intermediate out-of-island readings of some and a certain indefinites within the choice-functional (CF) framework. Chierchia (2001) showed that certain readings of sentences with indefinites in the CF framework require existential closure of CF variables in the immediate scope of negation rather than Kratzer-style Skolemization of the CF. However, Schwarz (2001) noticed that while some indefinites exhibit readings of that kind, a certain indefinites do not seem to. The current paper first shows how to account for Schwarz’s generalization using simple presuppositional CF analyses for the relevant indefinite determiners. Then it looks more closely at the data concerning a certain and concludes that Schwarz’s generalization is actually not as clear-cut. A more sophisticated analysis for a certain, motivated by its properties not directly connected to exceptional scope-taking, is proposed. A suggestion is made regarding how to explain both the ability of a certain indefinites to give rise to readings Schwarz claimed they cannot give rise to, and at the same time avoid overgeneration of such readings.
Clinical experience with cefotaxime for the therapy of bacteremias due to gram-positive organisms.

Fifty-five patients with gram-positive bacteremias were treated with cefotaxime after enrollment in comparative and non-comparative study protocols. Forty-nine of these 55 patients were evaluable and followed for their response to therapy and adverse effects. Most patients were white males 50 years of age or older (69%); 45% had two or more serious underlying diseases. Pneumonias caused 59% of these bacteremias, which were etiologically due toStreptococcus pneumoniae (22 episodes),Staphylococcus aureus (15), coagulase-negative staphylococci (3) and other streptococci (12). Overall, 90% of bacteremias were cured with cefotaxime therapy. Among five treatment failures were included three deaths, one due to cefotaxime-associated pseudomembranous colitis, one caused by a bacteremic superinfection due toPseudomonas aeruginosa and one due to a progressive pneumonia despite therapy. Adverse effects of therapy were infrequent and noteworthy for only one patient with questionable nephrotoxicity and a lack of cefotaxime-associated coagulopathy.
Exact calculation of the Kaplan-Meier bias using Maple software

In many medical studies and industrial experiments, the outcome of interest is the time to some event such as death, disease recurrence or component failure. The investigators often want to find the distribution of these times, as well as characteristics of the distribution such as the mean, median, dispersion and skewness. In such studies it is usually impractical to wait until all items or subjects have failed, and those which have not failed at the time of data analysis are right-censored, meaning that the times recorded are lower bounds on the actual failure times.
Gender, Organizations, and Leadership

Sex and gender are among the most fundamental of human attributes. Of all physical traits, a person’s biologically-determined sex is noticed first and recalled most easily by other persons. Being female or male predisposes an individual towards a complex array of behaviors known as a gender role, but persons socially construct their own gender identities by accepting, resisting, or transforming their assigned gender roles (Epstein, 1988; Lorber, 1994; Oakley, 1972). Gender identity is both a cause and an effect: it structures how individuals encounter the world and is itself a product of that encounter (Epstein, 1988; Goffman, 1967). Since social patterns of power and domination are often closely associated with gender, it can be understood as a fundamental political category within society as well (Burrell & Hearn, 1989). In short, gender is writ large on the narrative of individual character and collective social life.
Criticisms of Casuistry

Despite prior predominantly positive portrayals of casuistry, the following reading tackles the accusations that casuistry lacks moral force, is unstructured, conventional and insular, subjective, lax, and inferior to modern principle-based methods. It then explores each criticism in depth, compares casuistry to its alternatives, and argues for casuistry as a viable method for moral problem solving.
Selective Formation of Yttrium Manganese Oxides through Kinetically Competent Assisted Metathesis Reactions

The synthesis of complex oxides requires high temperatures to overcome barriers imparted by solid-state diffusion; as such, reactions typically yield the most stable polymorph for a given composition. To synthesize new or metastable complex oxides, kinetically competent reactions with lower initial energy barriers must be devised to control the reaction pathway and resulting products. This contribution details the selective synthesis of different yttrium manganese oxides through assisted metathesis reactions between Mn2O3, YCl3, and A2CO3 under flowing oxygen; where A = Li, Na, K. With lithium carbonate, the orthorhombic perovskite o-YMnO3 (o-YMnO3+δ) forms over the temperature range of 550–850 °C. With sodium carbonate, the pyrochlore Y2Mn2O7 forms at 650 °C. No apparent selectivity is observed with K2CO3, and all alkalis yields hexagonal YMnO3 at T > 950 °C. The alkali species modify the reaction pathway and thus impart kinetic control in the formation of both phases.
A New Retinoid Signaling Molecule in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: RPE45

Purpose:The control elements that regulate the overall biosynthetic pathway to 11-cis-retinal under light and oxidative stress are not well understood. In order to study this important isomerization/hydrolysis step, we used a differential proteomics approach with bovine, murine and human retinal pigment epithelial cells to study the effects of the light and oxidative stress on RPE65 expression and RPE45, a caspase-mediated cleavage form of RPE65. Methods:RPE65 expression levels were tested in various conditions in vitro (RPE D407), ex vivo (bovine, mouse), and in vivo (mouse). Proteomics tools such as 2D SDS-PAGE, MALDITOF-TOF mass spectrometry analysis and biochemical methods including Western blot, immunohistochemistry, retinoid binding assay were employed to study functional role of RPE45. Results:We found that a new 45kDa protein, designated as RPE45, a truncated fragment of RPE65, appears upon light exposure and oxidative stress. RPE45 is formed by recombinant caspases using a ubiquitination mechanism. We show that RPE45 results from an interaction of specific proteases with RPE65 through ubiquitination induced by light and ROS. RT-PCR revealed that the differential levels of stress-induced RPE65 expression are regulated at a posttranscriptional level. Conclusions:In this study, comparative proteomics using 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis reveal that RPE65 is one of the major proteins regulated by light and ROS in RPE cells. We find that the level of RPE65 is increased in light compared to dark, and RPE45, a 45kDa fragment of RPE65, is present only in the light or in high oxidative stress. Therefore, RPE45 can serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress and light exposure in the eye. These findings demonstrate the role of RPE65 as a key regulator that responds to light and ROS in the visual cycle.
Care, Poetry, and Moral Progress

In this chapter, poetry is addressed as a vehicle for moral progress within a care approach. We begin this chapter by defining our terms given that moral progress is a contested idea. In particular, we look at the notion of moral progress as expressed by philosophers such as John Dewey, Richard Rorty, and Martha Nussbaum. The argument here is that growth is built into the DNA of care ethics and that by definition, it cannot offer a static normative position, particularly at the level of contextually informed action. Accordingly, care ethics is open to moral progress in a way that typical moral systems of adjudication are not. We turn to the amorphous category of “avant-garde” poetry because of its explicit quest for social justice to interrogate the potential contribution of poetry to create a more caring world. Care is a “different voice” of morality and poetry is an alternative voice of the human conversation. Engaging poetry brings the potential for individual growth and thus moral progress as defined by care.
Cube Test Analysis of the Statistical Behavior of CubeHash and Skein

This work analyzes the statistical properties of the SHA-3 candidate cryptographic hash algorithms CubeHash and Skein to try to find nonrandom behavior. Cube tests were used to probe each algorithm’s internal polynomial structure for a large number of choices of the polynomial input variables. The cube test data were calculated on a 40-core hybrid SMP cluster parallel computer. The cube test data were subjected to three statistical tests: balance, independence, and off-by-one. Although isolated statistical test failures were observed, the balance and off-by-one tests did not find nonrandom behavior overall in either CubeHash or Skein. However, the independence test did find nonrandom behavior overall in both CubeHash and Skein.
Getting More Savings from ACOs: Can the Pace be Pushed?

Getting More Savings from ACOs Under the new “Pathways to Success,” the Medicare Shared Savings Program may unravel into a large subsidy for providers with already-low spending: the evidence raises...
Tomes/consume this! Engaging patron expertise through artists’ books

This article presents one way that librarians, archivists, and educators can create new knowledge by connecting communities with rare material culture. The authors share how they engaged critically...
Management of Frequent Falls

Falls are the most common cause of injury in older adults. Being homebound further increases the risk of falling. The cause of falls is often multifactorial. A home-based provider’s approach to a patient with frequent falls begins with an assessment to identify environmental, physical, and medical fall hazards. Next, an individualized home exercise program (HEP), designed and implemented in collaboration with a home health physical therapist, is an evidence-based strategy for reducing fall risk. The HEP should focus on improving range of motion, strength, balance, and gait. Medical providers and occupational therapists also have important roles in reducing the risk of future falls by addressing medical concerns and mitigating fall hazards within the home.
Galvanic Corrosion Between Coated Al Alloy Plate and Stainless Steel Fasteners, Part 1: FEM Model Development and Validation

Aerospace structures often involve dissimilar materials to optimize structural performance and cost. These materials can then lead to the formation of galvanic couples when moisture is present. Spe...
Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted Digital Subtraction for Increased Lesion Conspicuity and Quantifying Treatment Response in Malignant Gliomas

Contrast enhancement is the gold standard for quantifying malignant glioma tumor burden and therapeutic response assessment. However, assessment of contrast-enhancing tumor burden can be challenging in the presence of T1 shortening from postsurgical blood products or treatments or use of therapies that alter vascular permeability. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted digital subtraction is a quick and simple technique for increasing lesion conspicuity even in the presence of blood products and inflammation and during antiangiogenic therapies that do not increase scan time or require specialized MRI pulse sequences. This results in improved stratification of survival in patients with malignant glioma.
Privileging pharmacists improves time to patient notification in the microbiological test review process for patients discharged from the emergency department.

PURPOSE Results of a study evaluating the impact of privileging pharmacists to manage microbiologic test results for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) are reported. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective pre-post study that was conducted at an urban academic medical center. Patients discharged from the ED with a subsequent positive microbiologic test result before and after privileging of an ED specialty practice pharmacist (ED-SPP) to manage the results independently were screened for inclusion. Time to patient notification of a required change in antimicrobial therapy was compared between groups. Numbers of erroneous interventions before and after pharmacist privileging were compared to assess the safety of implementation. RESULTS One hundred seventy-eight positive microbiologic test results (n = 92 pre- and n = 86 postimplementation) were included. The median time to patient notification in the pre-implementation group was 23.6 hours (range, 12.4-93 hours) and in the postimplementation group was 14.9 hours (range, 2.5-27.9 hours; P = 0.0023). As determined by the board-certified infectious disease physician, 1.1% of reviewed microbiologic test results (1 of 92) was erroneous prior to implementation of pharmacist privileging compared with 2.3% (2 of 86) after implementation (P = 0.6105). CONCLUSION Privileging ED-SPPs to assess microbiologic test results improved the time to patient notification with no statistical difference in the number of erroneous interventions between groups. These findings demonstrate the benefit of clinical privileging and provide support for expansion of this role to other ED-SPPs.
COVID-19 preparedness: Clinical pharmacy services remote staffing in a quaternary, level I trauma and comprehensive stroke center

Purpose The rapid spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has strained the resources of healthcare systems around the world. In accordance with recommendations from the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and US Department of Defense, Intermountain Medical Center (IMED) in Murray, UT, has developed a plan to provide remote clinical pharmacy services to protect the health of pharmacy caregivers while maintaining appropriate clinical pharmacy coverage to optimally care for patients. Summary The utilization of telemedicine technology permits clinical pharmacists to readily communicate with nurses, physicians, other caregivers, and patients. We have identified strategies to allow clinical pharmacists to continue to participate in daily rounds, provide consultations under collaborative practice agreements, verify medication orders, collect medication histories, provide antimicrobial stewardship, and deliver medication education to patients from off-site locations. The pharmacy department at IMED proactively tested telemedicine technologies, defined the roles of clinical pharmacists, and identified communication strategies prior to a rapid rise in COVID-19 cases in the state of Utah. Conclusion The proactive measures described can help ensure that pharmacy caregivers have appropriate remote access and are capable of confidently using the resources. These steps allow for optimal care of hospitalized patients and promote social distancing, which may have the added benefit of decreasing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among patients and caregivers.
Polarization-controlled holography using dielectric metasurfaces

Metasurfaces are arrays of artificially engineered subwavelength nanostructures. Owing to the strong form birefringence of these nanostructures, metasurfaces provide a fascinating platform to realize novel polarization optics. Recently, we propose and implement a general design strategy for polarization-dependent holograms with metasurfaces, using Fourier optics and phase retrieval principles applied to the Jones calculus. We use this to design metasurface holograms with arbitrarily chosen polarization responses. We fabricate these gratings (for operation at visible wavelengths) and test them with Mueller matrix polarimetry, showing agreement with design.
Clinical use of steroids in viral central nervous system (CNS) infections: three challenging cases

The role of adjunctive corticosteroids in reducing morbidity and mortality of viral CNS infections remains poorly defined. Clinicians are often left in a quagmire regarding steroid use in complex and rapidly evolving viral CNS infections. Limited studies have explored the underlying mechanisms behind the potential benefit of steroids. Here, we describe steroid use in three cases of viral CNS disease: varicella zoster virus (VZV), Powassan virus, and influenza A-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy.
Neuron-specific ablation of eIF5A or deoxyhypusine synthase leads to impairments in growth, viability, neurodevelopment, and cognitive functions in mice.

Abstract Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an essential protein that requires a unique amino acid, hypusine, for its activity. Hypusine is formed exclusively in eIF5A post-translationally via two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Each of the genes encoding these proteins, Eif5a, Dhps, and Dohh, is required for mouse embryonic development. Variants in EIF5A or DHPS were recently identified as the genetic basis underlying certain rare neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. To investigate the roles of eIF5A and DHPS in brain development, we generated four conditional knockout mouse strains using the Emx1-Cre or Camk2a-Cre strains and examined the effects of temporal- and region-specific deletion of Eif5a or Dhps. The conditional deletion of Dhps or Eif5a by Emx1 promotor-driven Cre expression (E9.5, in the cortex and hippocampus) led to gross defects in forebrain development, reduced growth, and premature death. On the other hand, the conditional deletion of Dhps or Eif5a by Camk2a promoter-driven Cre expression (postnatal, mainly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus) did not lead to global developmental defects; rather, these knockout animals exhibited severe impairment in spatial learning, contextual learning, and memory when subjected to the Morris Water Maze and a contextual learning test. In both models, the Dhps knockout mice displayed more severe impairment than their Eif5a knockout counterparts. The observed defects in the brain, global development, or cognitive functions most likely result from translation errors due to a deficiency in active, hypusinated eIF5A. Our study underscores the important roles of eIF5A and DHPS in neurodevelopment.
The Evolution of the Female Broadway Belt Voice: Implications for Teachers and Singers.

Summary Background Traditionally, the female belt range extended to C5, but in current rock/pop Broadway productions, women are often required to belt up to an F5. This recent extension of the belt voice beyond C5 is a significant change, and female musical theater singers need effective strategies to produce these higher belt notes. Objective The intent of this study was to gain a clear understanding of the strategies used to successfully teach and produce the higher range of the female musical theater belt voice. Methods The study is a qualitative design composed of two data collection methods: interviews with four nationally recognized master musical theater voice teachers and 17 of their female belt students, and observations of the master teachers working with these students in their private studios. Results There was much consensus among the teachers and singers on the strategies of producing the higher belt range, such as incorporating more head voice involvement with closed vowels and maintaining a speech-like quality. Singers report that they produce high belt notes with more of a mix vocal approach. Teachers suggest that female voice type may determine the extent of a singer's ability in this high belt range. Conclusions The high belt will be narrow, based on closed vowels, mixing in some degree of head voice function. Although this study has revealed some guidelines for the female musical theater high belt and similar strategies among master teachers, voice teachers should be aware of the variability of their female musical theater voice students.
Combinatorial algorithms for optimization problems

Linear programming is a very general and widely used framework. In this thesis we consider several combinatorial optimization problems that can be viewed as classes of linear programming problems with special structure. It is known that polynomial time algorithms exist for the general linear programming problem. It is not known, however, whether any of them are strongly polynomial (informally, a polynomial time algorithm is strongly polynomial if the number of arithmetic operations performed is bounded by a polynomial function of the number of variables and inequalities, i.e., is independent of the size of the numbers). In addition, it seems that the general problem is inherently sequential (fast parallel algorithms cannot be obtained). For problems with special structure, our goals are to develop sequential and parallel algorithms that are faster than those known for general linear programming and to determine whether strongly polynomial algorithms exist. We develop a technique that extends the classes of problems known to have strongly polynomial algorithms, or known to be quickly solvable in parallel. This technique is used to obtain a fast parallel algorithm and a strongly polynomial algorithm for detecting cycles in periodic graphs of fixed dimension. We mention additional applications to parametric extensions of problems where the number of parameters is fixed. We introduce algorithms for solving linear systems where each inequality involves at most two variables. These algorithms improve over the sequential and parallel running times of previous algorithms. These results are combined with additional ideas to yield faster algorithms for some generalized network flow problems.
Aircraft and equipment factors in the occurrence of suspension line twists with U.S. army parachutes

Data were collected by self-report for the trainees of two classes of the Basic Airborne Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, who were asked if they had developed twists in their suspension line during each of the five jumps of the course. These data were then related to the conditions of deployment for each jump-type of parachute used, type of equipment carried, type of aircraft jumped from, and so forth. The proportion of jumpers with twists during a given jump with its associated conditions of deployment was compared by the chi-square test with the proportion of jumpers with twists from other jumps made under different conditions of deployment. No effect of type of parachute on the occurrence of twists was detected, but a strong and significant effect of combat equipment was associated with an increase in the proportion of twists. There was, in addition, a significant but slightly smaller effect attributable to the type of aircraft used for jumps, with more twists occurring during jumps from the C-141 than...
Acute Toxicity of Ochratoxins A and B in Chicks

Ochratoxins A and B were given to 1-day-old Babcock B-300 cockerels to evaluate acute toxic effects. Two trials with ochratoxin A gave 7-day oral median lethal dose estimates of 116 μg (3.3 mg/kg) and 135 μg (3.9 mg/kg) per chick. Chicks given daily oral doses of 100 μg of ochratoxin A died on the second day. Single subcutaneous doses of 400 μg of ochratoxin A were also lethal. The 7-day oral median lethal dose of B was estimated at 1,890 μg (54 mg/kg) per chick. Chicks given oral doses of 100 μg of ochratoxin B daily for 10 days survived. Sublethal doses of both ochratoxins A and B resulted in growth suppression which was proportional to the amount of ochratoxin given. Visceral gout was the principal gross finding. Microscopic examinations revealed acute nephrosis, hepatic degeneration or focal necrosis, and enteritis. Suppression of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and depletion of lymphoid elements from the spleen and bursa of Fabricius were frequently seen. Both ochratoxins appeared to have similar pathological effects. This is the first report on the toxicity of ochratoxin B.