cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Long and the Short of It: Influence of Interstimulus Interval on Auditory P300 Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

Event-related brain potentials were recorded from 10 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (9 men) and 10 healthy control subjects (9 men) during the performance of two auditory oddball tasks, one using a 1.5 second interstimulus interval (ISI), the other using an 8 second ISI. P300 amplitude to target tones (.20 probability) and standard tones (.80 probability) were measured from midline electrodes Fz, Cz, and Pz. Results showed different effects of ISI in the two groups. Controls showed a slight decrease in P300 amplitude to targets but a marked increase in P300 to standards with the increase in ISI. In contrast, schizophrenic patients showed no change in the P300 to targets and a relatively small increase in P300 to standards with the ISI increase. Moreover, relative to the controls, P300 amplitude to targets was reduced in the schizophrenic patients at the short but not the long ISI. Implications for the cognitive significance of the P300 and its reduction in schizophrenia are discussed.
Rate of evolution of a quantitative character.

Abstract The rate of change of the mean of a quantitative character is evaluated exactly and also under the hypothesis of linear biparental regression. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the monoecious population mates at random. The genotypic and environmental contributions to the character are additive and stochastically independent. The character is influenced by arbitrarily many multiallelic loci and has constant genotypic values; dominance, epistasis, and the linkage map are also arbitrary. The population is initially in linkage equilibrium, and there is no position effect. If the biparental regression is linear, then the regression coefficient is simply Vgam/V, and hence the single-generation change in the mean is deltaZ = (Vgam/V)S, where Vgam and V denote the gametic and total variances in the character and S designates the selection differential. The corresponding exact result is DeltaZ = (C/W) + (B/W2), where C, W and B represent the gametic covariance of the character and fitness, the mean fitness, and a correction term, respectively. If selection is weak, then DeltaZ approximately C/W. Furthermore, deltaZ = C/W if either there is no environmental contribution and the gametic effects are additive or the character is fitness itself. In the latter case, C is the gametic variance in fitness. Thus, even in linkage equilibrium, weakness of selection generally does not suffice to validate the linear-regression result. This conclusion holds even for additive loci.
Discrete conformations of epitope II on the hepatitis C virus E2 protein for antibody-mediated neutralization and nonneutralization.

The X-ray crystal structure of epitope II on the E2 protein of hepatitis C virus, in complex with nonneutralizing antibody mAb#12, has been solved at 2.90-A resolution. The spatial arrangement of the essential components of epitope II (ie, the C-terminal α-helix and the N-terminal loop) was found to deviate significantly from that observed in those corresponding complexes with neutralizing antibodies. The distinct conformations are mediated largely by the flexibility of a highly conserved glycine residue that connects these components. Thus, it is the particular tertiary structure of epitope II, which is presented in a spatial and temporal manner, that determines the specificity of antibody recognition and, consequently, the outcome of neutralization or nonneutralization.
Progressive result generation for multi-criteria decision support queries

Multi-criteria decision support (MCDS) is crucial in many business and web applications such as web searches, B2B portals and on-line commerce. Such MCDS applications need to report results early; as soon as they are being generated so that they can react and formulate competitive decisions in near real-time. The ease in expressing user preferences in web-based applications has made Pareto-optimal (skyline) queries a popular class of MCDS queries. However, state-of-the-art techniques either focus on handling skylines on single input sets (i.e., no joins) or do not tackle the challenge of producing progressive early output results. In this work, we propose a progressive query evaluation framework ProgXe that transforms the execution of queries involving skyline over joins to be non-blocking, i.e., to be progressively generating results early and often. In ProgXe the query processing (join, mapping and skyline) is conducted at multiple levels of abstraction, thereby exploiting the knowledge gained from both input as well as mapped output spaces. This knowledge enables us to identify and reason about abstract-level relationships to guarantee correctness of early output. It also provides optimization opportunities previously missed by current techniques. To further optimize ProgXe, we incorporate an ordering technique that optimizes the rate at which results are reported by translating the optimization of tuple-level processing into a job-sequencing problem. Our experimental study over a wide variety of data sets demonstrates the superiority of our approach over state-of-the-art techniques.
The demonstration and automatic quantitation of mast cells by image analyzing computer

In order to investigate the significance and possible modes of action of mast cells in gingiva, it was necessary to have available consistent methods for their identification and quantitation in tissue samples. It was found that the Padawer (1959) technique known as a highly selective method for staining mast cells in various vertebrate sdid not consistently stain these cells in rhesus monkey gingiva. An attempt was made to modify and control the different steps of the technique to stain mast cells consistently, to shorten the time necessary and to have as little background stain as possible in order to utilize a Quantimet 720 Image Analyzer for automatic quantitation of mast cells. The staining system adopted has the following advantages over other methods. The results consist of an intense metachromasia of mast cell granules with a very faint orthochromatic background; the final product is produced in 2.5 hours and furnishes an intense contrast between mast cell granules and all other constituents of the tissue. Having established the technique, the accuracy and applicability of automatic counts using a Quantimet 720 Image Analyzing Computer was investigated. Results revealed that the mean counts of mast cells of two hundred sections obtained by manual and Quantimet methods were comparable.
A parametric analysis of bone fixation plates on fractured equine third metacarpal.

Abstract A series of tests of the relative strengths of conventional bone fixation plate designs as compared to the strength of unfractured equine third metacarpal bones of the same age was performed. The tests involved a full factorial experimental design on three variables: plate length, lateral hole pitch, and fastener size. All tests were conducted in flexure, a concentrated load being applied on the posterior surface of the bone at mid-span, with the fixation plate in each case attached to the anterior bone surface. The most significant parameter was found to be plate length since an increase in length from 3 to 6 in, approximately doubled the capacity of the reconstructed bone specimen. Fastener size and lateral hole pitch produced no significant change in overall capacity for the structure. It was concluded that, in general, the use of a single fixation plate for fracture fixation of equine third metacarpal would not provide adequate support for weight bearing during osteogenesis.
Power, Patterns, and Process in European Union History

Sebastian Rosato's admirably provocative Europe United retells the origins of the European Union (EU) as a realist story of the balance of power. While he deserves praise for a bold attempt to extend offensive realism into history's greatest instance of international cooperation, the book ultimately reads as a cautionary methodological tale about how not to support a realist argument. Realist theory has been influential mainly because it offers strong expectations about major patterns in the world—relatively unitary decision-making within states and specific kinds of foreign policies between them—but Rosato's evidence focuses on a thin version of process. He selectively cites leaders' statements about their policy choices across the story, providing no leverage on how these statements related to patterned interests within or across countries. Interestingly, a similar error weakens work by the most salient IR scholar writing on EU history, Andrew Moravcsik. Their shared problems hint at a pattern of IR sch...
Procedural Justice as a Two-Dimensional Construct: An Examination in the Performance Appraisal Context

Procedural justice is generally thought of as a unidimensional construct. In this article, it is argued that in the performance appraisal context procedural justice can be conceptualized as two-dimensional: system procedural justice and rater procedural justice. Regression results from a study of one organization in Turkey support this distinction. Due process characteristics and employee characteristics were differentially related to two dimensions of procedural justice. Specifically, perceived validity of performance criteria, knowledge of performance criteria, and organizational level of employees were related to system procedural justice, whereas perceived performance feedback and fair hearing were each positively related to rater procedural justice.
Heat transfer and carbon nano tubes analysis for the peristaltic flow in a diverging tube

Peristaltic flow model is recycled to study the influence of magnetic field on the flow and heat transfer of carbon nanotubes in a non-uniform tube. Two types of carbon nanotubes, namely, single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are postponed in water distinctly. The pragmatic associations are used for the thermo-physical properties of CNTs in terms of the solid volume fraction of CNTs. The governing equations are simplified using long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. Exact solutions have been obtained for velocity, pressure gradient, the solid volume fraction of the CNTs and temperature profile. The effects of various flow and heat transfer parameters, i.e., Hartmann number \(M\), the solid volume fraction \(\phi \) of the nanoparticles, Grashof number \(G_{r}\) and heat absorption parameter \(\beta \) are presented graphically.
Estimation over lossy networks: A dynamic game approach

We study a minimax state estimation (H∞ estimation) problem where the dynamical system's disturbance is controlled by an adversary, and measurements from the system to the estimator are lost intermittently according to an i.i.d. Bernoulli process. We first obtain a stochastic minimax state estimator (SMSE) and a stochastic Riccati equation (SRE) that depend on the random measurement arrival process. We then show that the H∞ disturbance attenuation parameter determines the existence of the SMSE. We also analyze the asymptotic behavior of the SRE by showing that the expected value of the SRE is bounded. In particular, we characterize explicit conditions of the disturbance attenuation parameter and the measurement arrival rate above which the expected value of the SRE is bounded. It is also shown that under some conditions, a particular limit of the SMSE is the Kalman filter with intermittent observations but without the disturbance term.
The Message Logging System for NOνA Experiment

The message logging system provides the infrastructure for all of the distributed processes in the data acquisition (DAQ) to report status messages of various severities in a consistent manner to a central location, as well as providing the tools for displaying and archiving the messages. The message logging system has been developed over a decade, and has been run successfully on CDF and CMS experiments. The most recent work to the message logging system is to build it as a stand-alone package with the name MessageFacility which works for any generic framework or applications, with NOνA as the first driving user. System designs and architectures, as well as the efforts of making it a generic library will be discussed. We also present new features that have been added.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF STRAIN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY

Cardiotoxicity is a known complication of chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection (EF) fraction has been historically used to monitor cardiac function but fails to detect early signs of cardiotoxicity. Early data suggest that reduction in longitudinal strain may be a more sensitive marker of
Behavioral indices in medical care outcome: the working alliance, adherence, and related factors.

Background The working alliance has been shown to be a consistent predictor of patient outcome and satisfaction in psychotherapy. This study examines the role of the working alliance and related behavioral indices in predicting medical outcome.
Supramolecular Nanodevice Based on Helical Encapsulation of Photo/Electroactive Oligomers

Oligophenylenevinylene (OPV)-based A-D-A chain chromophores were synthesized by symmetrically linking electron- or energy-acceptor units through an alkyl spacer. Phto-induced thru-space electron/energy-transfer (eT/ET) was investigated in the presence and absence of amylose encapsulation with respect to the spacer length (D-A distance) and acceptor strength. Fluorescence quenching of the D-A chromophores suggests that with the helical encapsulation, eT/ET have a discrete D-A distance dependence while the free chromophores have mixed contributions, some from eT but largely from self-quenching due to aggregation and/or solvent deactivation.
HIF-1-regulated glucose metabolism in the control of apoptosis signaling

Resistance of human cancers to current treatment approaches remains a major concern in oncology. Therefore, much effort has been focused on identifying molecular pathways that are responsible for primary or acquired resistance of cancers in order to overcome resistance. Hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of solid tumors and usually correlates with poor prognosis. Under hypoxic conditions, cancer cells undergo a variety of adoptive changes, including the activation of signaling pathways, which promote cancer cell survival and block cell death. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 is the key transcription factor that mediates adaptation of cancer cells to the hypoxic environment. There is increasing evidence that HIF-1 promotes tumor growth, at least in part, by upregulating genes that are involved in cellular energy metabolism. Thus, HIF-1 and hypoxia-inducible genes represent attractive targets for the design of molecular targeted therapies, which may offer new therapeutic options for a wide range of malignancies.
Role for A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPS) in glutamate receptor trafficking and long term synaptic depression.

Expression of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptordependent homosynaptic long term depression at synapses in the hippocampus and neocortex requires the persistent dephosphorylation of postsynaptic protein kinase A substrates. An attractive mechanism for expression of long term depression is the loss of surface AMPA (-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazale-4-propionate) receptors at synapses. Here we show that a threshold level of NMDA receptor activation must be exceeded to trigger a stable loss of AMPA receptors from the surface of cultured hippocampal neurons. NMDA also causes displacement of protein kinase A from the synapse, and inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) activity mimics the NMDA-induced loss of surface AMPA receptors. PKA is targeted to the synapse by an interaction with the A kinase-anchoring protein, AKAP79/150. Disruption of the PKA-AKAP interaction is sufficient to cause a long-lasting reduction in synaptic AMPA receptors in cultured neurons. In addition, we demonstrate in hippocampal slices that displacement of PKA from AKADs occludes synaptically induced long term depression. These data indicate that synaptic anchoring of PKA through association with AKAPs plays an important role in the regulation of AMPA receptor surface expression and synaptic plasticity.
Heterogeneity of the Elderly in Large Metropolitan Areas

This paper analyzes the degree of homogeneity of the elderly populations in large metro politan areas. For the 33 SMSAs with populations of one million or more in 1970, 18 social, economic, and demographic variables (derived from census materials) which describe the elderly in these SMSA's are examined. These data are subject to factor analysis. Factors are generated for the SMSAs (Q-analysis) and for the variables (R- analysis). Seven significant SMSA factors and five significant variable factors are produced. The conceptual meaning of the factors and their interrelationships are dis cussed. It is concluded that the elderly in large urban areas are by no means uniform in their characteristics. It is suggested, however, that the characteristics of urban elderly populations may be related to geographic location, age of city, climate, history of in- migration, and the industrial and occupational distribution of elderly citizens in cities in which these populations reside. Researchers interested in the elder...
Neural Basis of the Set-Size Effect in Frontal Eye Field: Timing of Attention During Visual Search

Visual search for a target object among distractors often takes longer when more distractors are present. To understand the neural basis of this capacity limitation, we recorded activity from visually responsive neurons in the frontal eye field (FEF) of macaque monkeys searching for a target among distractors defined by form (randomly oriented T or L). To test the hypothesis that the delay of response time with increasing number of distractors originates in the delay of attention allocation by FEF neurons, we manipulated the number of distractors presented with the search target. When monkeys were presented with more distractors, visual target selection was delayed and neuronal activity was reduced in proportion to longer response time. These findings indicate that the time taken by FEF neurons to select the target contributes to the variation in visual search efficiency.
Bagging binary and quantile predictors for time series

Abstract Bootstrap aggregating or Bagging, introduced by Breiman (1996a. Bagging predictors. Machine Learning 24, 123–140), has been proved to be effective to improve on unstable forecast. Theoretical and empirical works using classification, regression trees, variable selection in linear and non-linear regression have shown that bagging can generate substantial prediction gain. However, most of the existing literature on bagging has been limited to the cross sectional circumstances with symmetric cost functions. In this paper, we extend the application of bagging to time series settings with asymmetric cost functions, particularly for predicting signs and quantiles. We use quantile predictions to construct a binary predictor and the majority-voted bagging binary prediction. We show that bagging may improve the binary prediction in small sample, but it does not improve in large sample. Various bagging forecast combination weights are used such as equal weighted and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) weighted combinations. For demonstration, we present results from Monte Carlo experiments and from empirical applications using monthly S&P500 and NASDAQ stock index returns.
Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation with additional linear ablation results in an increased incidence of left atrial flutter compared with segmental pulmonary vein isolation as an initial approach to ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Background— There has been growing concern that linear ablation is associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic arrhythmias in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, we compared circumferential pulmonary vein ablation plus left atrial linear ablation (CPVA+LALA) with segmental pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)in patients with paroxysmal AF. Methods and Results— Sixty-six consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF were prospectively randomly assigned to receive PVI versus CPVA+LALA (consisting of encircling lesions around the pulmonary veins), a roof line, and a mitral isthmus line with documentation of bidirectional mitral isthmus block. All patients were seen at 1, 3, 6, and every 12 months after ablation, with 14-day continuous ECG monitoring every 6 months. At 16.4±6.3 months after 1 ablation procedure, 19 patients (58%) remained free of atrial arrhythmias after PVI versus 17 patients (51%) after CPVA+LALA ( P =0.62). After PVI, 14 patients had recurrent paroxysmal AF, whereas after CPVA+LALA, 8 patients had recurrent AF, 6 had atypical left atrial flutter (LAFL), and 2 had both AF and LAFL ( P =0.32 between PVI versus CPVA+LALA for AF but P =0.002 for LAFL). Twenty-eight patients (85%) remained arrhythmia-free after 1.3±0.5 PVI procedures versus 28 patients (85%) after 1.4±0.6 CPVA+LALA procedures ( P =NS). Fluoroscopy time was longer after CPVA+LALA versus PVI (91 versus 73 minutes, P =0.04). Conclusions— As an initial ablation approach in patients with paroxysmal AF, more LAFL occurred after CPVA+LALA and fluoroscopy times were longer compared with segmental PVI.
Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of quantum dots

A method of maskless selective area epitaxy of InAs quantum dots using underlying InGaAs is presented. By using standard lithography techniques, selective area epitaxy of quantum dots was achieved on In/sub 0.20/Ga/sub 0.80/As layers with a QD density exceeding 3/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm/sup 2/. The advantage of this method lies in the lack of oxide or nitride mask material, allowing for a single regrowth process that is not complicated by any additional thermal dose or growth rate enhancement.
A theoretical analysis of altruism and decision error in public goods games

Abstract We formalize an equilibrium model in which altruism and decision-error parameters determine the distribution of contributions for linear and quadratic public goods games. The equilibrium density is exponential for linear games, and normal for quadratic games. Our model implies: (i) contributions increase with the marginal value of the public good, (ii) total contributions increase with the number of participants, (iii) mean contributions lie between the Nash prediction and half the endowment. These predictions, which are not implied by a Nash analysis, are consistent with laboratory data. Maximum likelihood estimates of altruism and error parameters are significant and plausible.
Use of electrospinning to directly fabricate hollow nanofibers with functionalized inner and outer surfaces.

A simple and versatile technique, electrospinning, which could be modified to fabricate long, hollow nanofibers with independently functionalized inner and outer surfaces was investigated. It has been demonstrated that a variety of materials such as polymers, ceramics, and carbon could be prepared as uniform fibers by electrospinning with well-controlled sizes, compositions, and morphologies. A tight control over the surfaces of hollow nanofibers greatly enhance their performance in applications related to nanofluidics, the fabrication of nanoscale lasing structures, and the prediction of advanced catalysts. The co-electrospinning process allows for the fabrication of nanofibers as assemblies with controllable, hierarchical structures, in addition to the control of surface chemistries. The results show that co-electrospinning with coaxial, dual-capillary spinneret is capable of generating hollow nanofibers with controllable hierarchical structures.
Energy and centrality dependence of particle multiplicity in heavy ion collisions from √ sNN = 20 to 2760 GeV

The centrality dependence of midrapidity charged-particle multiplicities at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV from CMS are compared to PHOBOS data at 200 and 19.6 GeV. The results are first fitted with a two-component model which parameterizes the separate contributions of nucleon participants and nucleon-nucleon collisions. A more direct comparison involves ratios of multiplicity densities per participant pair between the different collision energies. The results support and extend earlier indications that the influences of centrality and collision energy on midrapidity charged-particle multiplicities are to a large degree independent.
The probability of load balancing success in a homogeneous network

The problem of load balancing in distributed systems composed of several homogeneous sites connected by a subnet is examined. The author determines a general formula for the probability that any one site in the system is underloaded while some other site in the system is overloaded. This probability can be used to define the likelihood of load balancing success in a distributed operating system. This probability gives insight into the utilization of the system and is an aid in determining a measure of effectiveness of the system. From this formula one can determine this probability when the workload is composed of processes typical to distributed systems. The influence of variants in the load balancing algorithm on this probability is demonstrated. >
Exploring the utility of fast-forward surrogates for bbc rushes

This paper discusses in detail our approaches for producing the video summaries submitted to the TRECVID 2008 BBC rushes summarization task, including the baseline method. Empirical work produced during and after the TRECVID 2007 rushes summarization task gave strong evidence that a simple 50x method (sampling every 50th frame) provides excellent coverage (text inclusion performance). Our submissions for TRECVID 2008 investigated the effects of junk frame removal, including a comprehensible audio track, and emphasizing pans and zooms when backfilling to reclaim the space removed with the noise shots from the original 50x set. Results show that 50x based methods provide excellent coverage as expected. There were limited effects for the other strategies to improve user satisfaction, with the discussion providing some insights for future video summary development and evaluation work.
What the United States can learn from Brazil in response to HIV/AIDS: international reputation and strategic centralization in a context of health policy devolution.

Carta eletronica enviada ao autor do artigo: GOMEZ, Eduardo J. What the United States can learn from Brazil in response to HIV/AIDS: international reputation and strategic centralization in a context of health policy devolution. Health Policy and Planning, n. 6, v. 25, p. 529-541, Sept. 2010.
Case records as personal teaching texts for study in preservice teacher education

Abstract Drawing on insights from the use of journals and portfolios in teacher education and cases in nursing, the author describes an approach using case records as Personal Teaching Texts to facilitate beginning teacher development. Data are drawn from a study of 20 secondary teacher education students enrolled in a year-long certification program. Results indicate that the students valued the approach and that for the majority it enabled development, particularly of reflectivity, and was a means for providing program coherence. Suggestions are made for designing useful texts, weaknesses in the approach are identified, and suggestions made for improvement.
Efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and their effect on carriage and antimicrobial resistance

Summary Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have shown a high degree of success in preventing pneumococcal bacteraemia in children. They also reduce the acquisition of carriage of vaccine serotypes in the nasopharynx, and reduce otitis media caused by those serotypes. Non-vaccine serotypes, which can colonise vaccinated infants, are associated with otitis media in these children and lower the overall effectiveness of the vaccine to this disorder. Longer term studies, however, could show that immunised children develop immunity to a broad range of pneumococcal serotypes at a younger age than non-immunised children. Preliminary data suggest that these vaccines could reduce the burden of radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines interrupt the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci and thus decrease the burden of antibiotic resistance in immunised children and in their contacts. Studies are underway to assess conjugate vaccine efficacy against invasive disease, pneumonia, and all-cause mortality in developing countries, and to assess the potential use of these vaccines in adults.
Short-Term Outcome of Inmates Participating in the Lifestyle Change Program

A follow-up of 291 inmates who completed at least one phase of the Lifestyle Change program revealed that these individuals recorded significantly fewer disciplinary reports after entry into the program than 82 inmates who were transferred or released before they had a chance to participate in a single session of the program. The 87 program participants and 24 control subjects who had been released from custody at least 3 months prior to the end of the follow-up period were included in a survival analysis of time elapsed between release and first negative outcome (halfway house failure, parole/supervised release violation, or arrest). Although the results favored subjects in the program condition, they failed to attain statistical significance. Greater program exposure was associated with slightly better outcomes and high-risk participants appeared to benefit more from the program than low-risk participants.
Abnormal development induced by the maternal administration of phosphorus-32 after 14 or 17 days of gestation in the rat. I. Skeletal defects.

Pregnant female rats were intraperitoneally injected with graded doses of high specific activity P/sup 32/in saline after 14 or 17 days of gestation. Control animals were injected with a comparable solution containing stable P. There was a general reduction in the linear dimensions in the various skeletal elements of the more heavily irradiated fetuses. The overall length of the sknll was slightly reduced by the adininistration of 2 mC P/sup 32/ at 14 days of gestation but not by smaller doses. Not even the highest dose (2 mC) injected at 17 days had a substantial effect. Injection of 2 mC at 14 days of gestation produced a marked decrease in skull height, which could be noted as early as 19 days of gestation. Injection of 2.0 mC at 17 days of gestation produced a slight but definite decrease in the skull height at birth, which could be detected at 21 days of gestation. For parietal bone the administration of 2.0 mC at 14 days of gestation again produced the largest effect; femur size and length were decreased. A generalized decrease in the size of the animals was also evident. Qualitative abnormalities were noted in the skeletons. The most prominent wasmore » a rib defect, which consisted of a sharp Cephalad angulation at about the dorsal 1/3 of the posterior several ribs with hyperostosis at the apex of the angle. It was estimated that st run. Concent 2200 rep are received by the fetal skeleton by the time of birth when 2,0 mC are administered at 14 days of gestation. The average dose-rate to the skeleton is --0.18 rep/min and after injection at 17 days it approximates 0.41 rep/min. (TCO)« less
A Multigigahertz Beam-Current and Position Monitor

A self-integrating magnetic-loop device having a risetime of less than 175 ps has been developed to monitor the temporal behavior of the electron beam current and position within each 3.3-ns micropulse generated by the PHERMEX rf linear accelerator. Beam current is measured with a 2-GHz bandwidth by combining these loops in a four-port hybrid summer. Another application of these loops uses two 180° hybrids to give 2-GHz time-resolved beam position to an accuracy of 1 mm. These sensors are nonintrusive to the propagating beam and allow ultrafast beam measurements previously restricted to the technique of recording the Cerenkov-light emission from an intercepting Kapton foil using a streak camera.
Bovine immunoglobulin G does not have an inhibitory effect on diagnostic polymerase chain reaction utilizing magnetic bead extraction methods as demonstrated on the detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy calves

The objective of the current study was to investigate if the presence of colostral-derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) in blood is an inhibitor of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Eleven precolostral and 11 postcolostral blood samples in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant as well as serum samples were collected from 11 Holstein bull calves. Calves were fed 3 liters of colostrum once, by oroesophageal tubing. Postcolostral, blood, and serum samples were collected at 48 hr of age. Serum IgG concentrations were determined in the precolostral and postcolostral serum samples using radial immunodiffusion. The blood samples (precolostral and postcolostral) were spiked with BVDV, and 2 diagnostic PCR extraction methods were applied to each sample. The extraction and amplification efficiencies of the 2 PCR methods on the precolostral and postcolostral EDTA blood samples were evaluated. Two of the 11 calves had inadequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins at 48 hr of age based on the serum IgG concentrations. All blood samples from calves were negative for BVDV prior to the spiking with the virus. Evaluation of the 2 different methods among 3 different virus concentrations demonstrated that there was no difference in extraction or amplification efficiency in precolostral and postcolostral samples. The results of this study suggest that bovine IgG is not an inhibitor of PCR used for detection of BVDV in cattle. The methods used in the current study are acceptable for PCR detection of BVDV in cattle.
Ecosystem Services & Natural Capital: Reconceiving Environmental Management

This Article considers how the twin concepts of "ecosystem services" and "natural capital" can help inform and improve environmental policy, particularly land and water protection, in the United States and globally. It identifies three possible benefits to greater understanding of the concept of ecosystem services: enhanced public support for protecting land and water; the creation of new markets for protecting land and water; and the expansion of criteria, beyond human health protection, for broadening environmental protection measures and measuring their success. The author argues that the first two benefits remain largely unrealized and suggests steps that could be taken to realize them. He emphasizes, however, that the final justification for focusing attention on ecosystem services - that they can provide broadened criteria for environmental regulation, help evaluate tradeoffs, and measure regulatory success - is perhaps the most important.
Inferring latent attributes of Twitter users with label regularization

Inferring latent attributes of online users has many applications in public health, politics, and marketing. Most existing approaches rely on supervised learning algorithms, which require manual data annotation and therefore are costly to develop and adapt over time. In this paper, we propose a lightly supervised approach based on label regularization to infer the age, ethnicity, and political orientation of Twitter users. Our approach learns from a heterogeneous collection of soft constraints derived from Census demographics, trends in baby names, and Twitter accounts that are emblematic of class labels. To counteract the imprecision of such constraints, we compare several constraint selection algorithms that optimize classification accuracy on a tuning set. We find that using no user-annotated data, our approach is within 2% of a fully supervised baseline for three of four tasks. Using a small set of labeled data for tuning further improves accuracy on all tasks.
Effects of Surface and Bulk Defects in InP

Undoped, n-type InP has been studied utilizing Au-oxide- InP metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures. Processing variations have included oxide growth techniques, and annealing of grown oxides. Annealing of the devices in N 2 or N 2 :H 2 after oxide formation has reduced reverse saturation current density by up to a factor of 10 and increased barrier height from 0.45 to 0.65 eV. Annealing of the oxide increases refractive index due possibly to a densification or changed chemical structure. ESCA data reveals thin native oxides to be InP0 4 whereas thermally grown ones also contain P 2 0 5 and In 2 0 3 . DLTS data reveals a dominant defect 597 meV below the conduction band.
A new genus and species of the Collemaceae

(Cf. pl. 13, f. I, 2, 3, and 4, with f. 5 and 6, with respect to size and manner of occurrence). When we recall that, in these lichens imbedded in gelatinous Nostoc colonies, we see with the eye only the modified algal-host colonies in which the lichen lives and the fruit of the lichen, and that the apothecia and the spores are much alike in several different species of the Collemaceae, it does not seem strange that two lichens, perfectly distinct with respect to sex organs and their behavior, should have very similar apothecia and spores, and should produce very similar modifications of the algal-host colonies. But this does not justify placing plants with very different types of male reproductive tracts and corresponding difference in the behavior of the female reproductive tracts in the same genus and species. During the years I912 to I915, when the writer and Miss C. Audrey Richards were at work on the Collemaceae of Ohio (3), Miss Richards, who was doing the microscopic work, found the peculiar male reproductive tracts several times in material which we had previously taken for Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. The lichen just mentioned was also found frequently in the speci-
Abstract PR2: A genetic screen for novel determinants of anoikis resistance identifies PVRL4

Tumor cells develop resistance to detachment-induced cell death, known as anoikis, and rely on it for survival throughout the course of disease progression. Through a gain-of-function genetic screen for novel determinants of anoikis resistance, we found that PVRL4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4) promotes anchorage-independent colony formation in HMECs (human mammary epithelial cells). PVRL4 belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins involved in early stages of adherens junction formation. PVRL4 is expressed in focally amplified in breast cancer and positively correlates with spread of cancer into lymph nodes and poor survival prognosis. PVRL4 promoted cell aggregation of HMECs, and induction of cell aggregation was sufficient to promote anchorage-independent colony formation. Cell aggregation and transformation induced by PVRL4 were abrogated in presence of a monoclonal antibody targeting its extracellular region. Furthermore, stable depletion of PVRL4 in breast cancer cells inhibited spontaneous cell aggregation and anchorage-independent growth. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the key role of PVRL4 in cellular transformation and suggest that it functions via promoting cell aggregation. Cancer cells are known to exhibit increased cell aggregation; moreover, increased cell aggregation correlates with metastatic potential. Multicellular clusters of cancer cells are present among circulating tumor cells (CTCs) blood from cancer patients and as well as in mouse cancer models. Promotion of survival in the absence of attachment via inducing cell aggregation may therefore provide a unique advantage for CTC survival in the bloodstream and spread into distant organs. Finally, inhibition of PVRL4-induced aggregation and anchorage-independence by monoclonal antibodies demonstrates a potential new therapeutic strategy against breast cancer. This abstract is also presented as Poster B5. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr PR2.
Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Man: Decreased Lymphocyte Transformation in Response to Cryptococcus neoformans

Heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-like fungus, was used to stimulate in-vitro incorporation of thymidine by human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from control subjects previously exposed to cryptococci (positive skin tests) had significantly higher uptake of thymidine than cells from unexposed control subjects (negative skin tests). Uptake by lymphocytes from successfully treated patients with cryptococcosis was low when compared with that of exposed control subjects. It is suggested that defective function of lymphocytes may reflect increased susceptibility to cryptococcal infection in some patients with cryptococcosis without any other known predisposing factors. Delayed hypersensitivity to cryptococcal antigens, as measured by skin tests, is not rare and appears to reflect subclinical cryptococcosis [1-3]. This apparent high resistance to cryptococcosis in normal subjects suggests that patients with cryptococcosis may have alterations in host defenses that predispose them to cryptococcal infection. As reviewed elsewhere, cellular host defenses against Cryptococcus neoformans appear to be of greater importance than humoral defenses [4]. Previous studies have indicated normal in-vitro function of neutrophils and monocytes from patients with cryptococcosis. Defective transformation of lymphocytes has been correlated with certain clinical forms of histoplasmosis [5] and candidiasis [6], but lymphocyte transformation in cryptococcosis has never been studied. In the present study, skin tests were used to define who among a group of normal volunteers had been exposed to cryptococcus. Lymphocytes from these exposed normal volunteers were tested for transformation in the presence of cryptococci. The results were compared with those obtained from patients with cryptococcosis.
Radmin: Early Detection of Application-Level Resource Exhaustion and Starvation Attacks

Software systems are often engineered and tested for functionality under normal rather than worst-case conditions. This makes the systems vulnerable to denial of service attacks, where attackers engineer conditions that result in overconsumption of resources or starvation and stalling of execution. While the security community is well familiar with volumetric resource exhaustion attacks at the network and transport layers, application-specific attacks pose a challenging threat. In this paper, we present Radmin, a novel system for early detection of application-level resource exhaustion and starvation attacks. Radmin works directly on compiled binaries. It learns and executes multiple probabilistic finite automata from benign runs of target programs. Radmin confines the resource usage of target programs to the learned automata, and detects resource usage anomalies at their early stages. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Radmin by testing it over a variety of resource exhaustion and starvation weaknesses on commodity off-the-shelf software.
Transient Outward Potassium Current and its Arrhythmogenic Dynamics in Cardiac Myocytes

The transient outward K+ current (Ito) is a main contributor to repolarization during the cardiac action potential in cardiac myocytes, which may play important roles in arrhythmogenesis in cardiac diseases including ischemia, Brugada syndrome, and heart failure. Previous experimental and computer modeling studies have shown that Ito can cause complex action potential dynamics (alternans and chaos), which can potentiate phase-2 reentry. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we carried out computer simulations and developed simplified mathematical models (iterated maps) to reveal the mechanisms of Ito-induced complex action potential dynamics. We showed that: 1) Ito induces short-term cardiac memory via its interactions with a slowly activating K+ current (IKs) and the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L), which promotes alternans during the physiological heart rate. This can be a candidate mechanism for T-wave alternans widely seen in patients with Brugada syndrome; 2) Ito gives rise to two different types of non-monotonic restitution curves. In the presence of rapidly recovering Ito, as the diastolic interval increases, the action potential duration is short at short diastolic intervals (DIs), increases sharply at a certain range of DIs, and saturates at large DIs. In the presence of slowly recovering Ito, the action potential duration is normal at short DIs, decreases sharply at a certain range of DIs, and becomes short at large DIs. These restitution curves along with short-term memory induced by Ito can give rise to complex action potential dynamics and chaos. In conclusion, using both computer simulation and simplified mathematical models, we can pinpoint the underlying mechanisms for the complex arrhythmogenic action potential dynamics induced by Ito.
Interality as a Key to Deciphering Guiguzi: A Challenge to Critics

This article applies interality as a hermeneutic to a reassessment of Chinese rhetorical practice influenced by Guiguzi, China’s earliest treatise on the art of persuasion. Continuing controversy in Western studies and translations surrounds both Chinese rhetoric and the rhetorical value of Guiguzi. Using an ancient model for persuasion allegedly exemplifying the rhetorical principles in Guiguzi, this study proposes that Guigucian rhetoric requires critics to revise their understanding of relational rationality in several interalial interactions: among rhetorical contexts, as manifest in non-linear but nonetheless interrelated components of discourse, as reflected in an explicit awareness of change and space, and as an emphasis on human relationships in Master Guigu’s forms of logic and teaching of persuasion. Cet article utilise l’interalite comme hermeneutique pour la revision des pratiques rhetoriques chinoises influencees par Guiguzi, a savoir par le traite le plus ancient de la Chine sur l’art de persuader. La controverse est evidente dans les travaux de recherche occidentaux et les traductions qui accompagnent la rhetorique chinoise, en particulier celle de Guiguzi. Par l’utilisation d’un modele de persuasion ancien similaire aux modeles rhetoriques du Guiguzi, cet article oblige la critique litteraire a reconsiderer son raisonnement au sein de plusieurs echanges interalies: dans les contextes rhetoriques, dans les parties de discours non-lineaires mais cependant reliees, dans la conscience explicite du changement et de l’espace, et le cote humain apparent dans la formation de la logique par le Maitre Guigu, ainsi que sa facon d’enseigner l’art de la persuasion.
A novel transgenic mouse model of lysosomal storage disorder.

We provide an explanation for striking pathology found in a subset of genetically engineered mice homozygous for a rat CaVβ2a transgene (Tg+/+). Multiple transgene (Tg) copies inserted into chromos...
GROWTH OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN MEAT LOAF WITH AND WITHOUT ADDED SOYBEAN PROTEIN

The effects of various soybean proteins used in meat loaf formulations on growth of Clostridium perfringens were studed under actual meat loaf conditions. Beef products offer an excellent medium for the rapid growth of this organism and addition of soybean additives did not show any significant effects.
Introduction to The Bell Curve Commentaries

(1995). Introduction to The Bell Curve Commentaries. School Psychology Review: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 9-11.