cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid, energy, and fiber digestibility and on hindgut fermentation of dietary fiber in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs

The objective of this experiment was to measure the effect of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on the digestibility of AA, energy, and fiber, on the fermentation of fiber, and on the first appearance of digesta at the end of the ileum, in the cecum, and in the feces of growing pigs fed a corn- soybean meal-based diet. Sixteen pigs (initial BW = 38.0 ± 1.6 kg) were prepared with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and a T-cannula in the cecum and allotted to 2 treatments. In period 1, all pigs were fed a corn- soybean meal diet. In periods 2, 3, and 4, pigs were fed the control diet or a diet containing corn, soybean meal, and 30% DDGS. First appearance of digesta at the end of the ileum, in the cecum, and over the entire intestinal tract was measured at the end of period 4. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients were mea- sured, and the concentration of VFA was analyzed in ileal, cecal, and fecal samples. The AID of Lys (74.1%) in the DDGS diet was less (P < 0.05) than in the con- trol diet (78.6%), but the AID of most other AA and GE, NDF, and total dietary fiber (TDF) were not dif- ferent between the 2 diets. The ATTD of GE (81.0%), NDF (57.2%), TDF (55.5%), and DM (81.7%) were less (P < 0.05) in the DDGS diet than in the control diet (86.0, 69.3, 66.0, and 87.2%, respectively). The concen- tration of VFA in ileal, cecal, and fecal samples was not different between pigs fed the 2 diets. The pH of ileal and cecal digesta from pigs fed the DDGS diet (6.3 and 5.5) was greater (P < 0.01) than from pigs fed the control diet (5.8 and 5.3). The ATTD of DM, GE, ADF, NDF, and TDF did not change with collection period, but the AID of ADF, NDF, and TDF increased (P < 0.05) from period 2 to period 4. The concentra- tion of all VFA, except isobutyrate, was greater (P < 0.05) in cecal samples from period 4 compared with period 2, and the concentration of all VFA except pro- pionate and isovalerate were greater (P < 0.05) in fe- cal samples collected in period 4 compared with those collected in period 2. The first appearance of digesta at the end of the ileum, in the cecum, and in the feces was not affected by DDGS. In conclusion, pigs fed the diet containing DDGS had less digestibility of Lys, GE, ADF, NDF, and TDF than pigs fed the control diet. The digestibility of DM and GE was not influenced by collection period, but the concentration of VFA in cecal digesta and feces increased with the length of time pigs received the diets.
Inter‐Court Dynamics and the Development of Legal Policy: Citation Patterns in the Decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals

Lower federal appellate judges, like other government officials, identify problems, formulate and implement solutions, and subsequently evaluate them for their efficacy. Immediately following the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, courts were confronted with cases that raised new policy issues in claims of employment discrimination. With no guidance from the Supreme Court for five years, circuit courts articulated solutions to these issues with written published opinions. By examining citations to precedents in those opinions, we evaluate the degree to which the court’s reasoning draws on policies from other circuits. Although stare decisis does not compel appeals court judges to consider decisions from other circuits, 76 percent of the opinions include a reference to an out-of-circuit precedent. Outside citations were not uniform across circuits and cases with increased references to outside courts in circuits were characterized by conflict. Our examination of citation patterns suggests that the development of precedent proceeds on two tracks. On one level, circuit judges’ opinions build on precedent from within their court. More broadly, citations reflect on an inter-court dialog to identify conflict and consensus in federal legal policy.
Specification of acoustic output level and measurement uncertainty in ultrasonic exposimetry

This manuscript was written to bring together the pertinent statistical procedures for specifying acoustic output values and measurement uncertainties of ultrasound devices, and to present them in a way that would be clear and convenient to the reader. Implementations of these procedures are illustrated in several examples: measurement of ultrasonic power of a single transducer, measurement of the power output of a transducer model, and measurement of the power output of an ultrasound scanner series. This manuscript is intended to be helpful to ultrasound device manufacturers who need to specify these quantities when applying for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to market their new devices. It also is intended to be helpful to ultrasound users who need to interpret these values in order to meaningfully evaluate the relative risks and benefits of performing ultrasound examinations on their patients.
Effects of the SpoVT Regulatory Protein on the Germination and Germination Protein Levels of Spores of Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis isolates lacking the SpoVT protein, which regulates gene expression in developing forespores, gave spores that released their dipicolinic acid (DPA) via germinant receptor (GR)-dependent germination more rapidly than wild-type spores. Non-GR-dependent germination via dodecylamine was more rapid with spoVT spores, but germination via Ca-DPA was slower. The effects of a spoVT mutation on spore germination were seen with spores made in rich and poor media, and levels of SpoVT-LacZ were elevated 2-fold in poor-medium spores; however, elevated SpoVT levels were not the only cause of the slower GR-dependent germination of poor-medium spores. The spoVT spores had ≥5-fold higher GerA GR levels, ∼2-fold elevated GerB GR levels, wild-type levels of a GerK GR subunit and the GerD protein required for normal GR-dependent germination, ∼2.5-fold lower levels of the SpoVAD protein involved in DPA release in spore germination, and 30% lower levels of DNA protective α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins. With one exception, the effects on protein levels in spoVT spores are consistent with the effects of SpoVT on forespore transcription. The spoVT spores were also more sensitive to UV radiation and outgrew slowly. While spoVT spores' elevated GR levels were consistent with their more rapid GR-dependent germination, detailed analysis of the results suggested that there is another gene product crucial for GR-dependent spore germination that is upregulated in the absence of SpoVT. Overall, these results indicate that SpoVT levels during spore formation have a major impact on the germination and the resistance of the resultant spores.
Making the library management systems acquisition: achieving resolution of a tough decision

At some point in their careers, library administrators will likely be involved in the acquisition of a new library automation system. Whether it is a first-time acquisition or a migration from old to new, the decision is perhaps the most challenging the administrator will ever have to make. Despite an abundance of information in the library literature on the mechanical and managerial aspects of acquiring a new automated system, there is scant information on, or investigation into, the decision-making process that leads to the selection of an automation vendor. Based on the premise that the automation decision is both complex and risky, it is a decision fraught with ambiguity, uncertainty, and conflict. This study offers exploratory research on the automation decision process and those factors that lead to decision difficulty. Using the Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice as a theoretical framework, this study uses decision resolution as a criterion of decision success. Based on research to identify factors that have enabled decision makers to achieve resolution, the authors of this study seek to make recommendations that will enable administrators to better manage a tough decision.
Characterization of the Role of Very Late Expression Factor 1 in Baculovirus Capsid Structure and DNA Processing

Very late expression factor 1 (VLF-1) of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus is a putative tyrosine recombinase and is required for both very late gene expression and budded virus production. In this report, we show that a vlf-1 knockout bacmid was able to synthesize viral DNA at levels similar to that detected for a gp64 knockout bacmid that served as a noninfectious control virus. Additionally, analysis of replicated bacmid DNA by field-inversion gel electrophoresis indicated that VLF-1 is not required for synthesizing high-molecular-weight intermediates that could be resolved into unit-length genomes when cut at a unique restriction site. However, immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed that in cells transfected with a vlf-1 knockout bacmid, aberrant tubular structures containing the capsid protein vp39 were observed, suggesting that this virus construct was defective in producing mature capsids. In contrast, rescuing the vlf-1 knockout bacmid construct with a copy of VLF-1 that carries a mutation of a highly conserved tyrosine (Y355F) was sufficient to restore the production of nucleocapsids with a normal appearance, but not infectious virus production. Furthermore, the results of a DNase I protection assay indicated that the DNA packaging efficiency of the VLF-1(Y355F) virus construct was similar to that of the gp64 knockout control. Finally, a recombinant virus containing a functional hemagglutinin epitope-tagged version of VLF-1 was constructed to investigate the association of VLF-1 with the nucleocapsid. Analysis by immunoelectron microscopy of Sf-9 cells infected with this virus showed that VLF-1 localized to an end region of the nucleocapsid. Collectively, these results indicate that VLF-1 is required for normal capsid assembly and serves an essential function during the final stages of the DNA packaging process.
Diversity dynamics: molecular phylogenies need the fossil record

Over the last two decades, new tools in the analysis of molecular phylogenies have enabled study of the diversification dynamics of living clades in the absence of information about extinct lineages. However, computer simulations and the fossil record show that the inability to access extinct lineages severely limits the inferences that can be drawn from molecular phylogenies. It appears that molecular phylogenies can tell us only when there have been changes in diversification rates, but are blind to the true diversity trajectories and rates of origination and extinction that have led to the species that are alive today. We need to embrace the fossil record if we want to fully understand the diversity dynamics of the living biota.
Children Monitor Individuals’ Expertise for Word Learning

Two experiments examined preschoolers' ability to learn novel words using others' expertise about objects' nonobvious properties. In Experiment 1, 4-year-olds (n = 24) endorsed individuals' labels for objects based on their differing causal knowledge about those objects. Experiment 2 examined the robustness of this inference and its development. Four-year-olds (n = 40) endorsed labels from confederates who accurately predicted objects' nonobvious internal properties but not nonobvious external properties. Three-year-olds (n = 40) performed at chance levels in both cases and were less likely to recognize the informants' expertise, suggesting that they might be unable to monitor individuals' expertise. These data suggest that children's ability to learn from testimony is necessary for their understanding of the relevance of an individual's expertise.
Prion gene haplotypes of U.S. cattle.

Background Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of a protease-resistant isoform of the prion protein. Characterizing linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype networks within the bovine prion gene (PRNP) is important for 1) testing rare or common PRNP variation for an association with BSE and 2) interpreting any association of PRNP alleles with BSE susceptibility. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms and haplotypes within PRNP from the promoter region through the 3'UTR in a diverse sample of U.S. cattle genomes.
Economic control of methane reforming

We present a control system for a catalytic fuel reformer that optimizes economic performance. The control strategy is based on moving horizon estimation (MHE) and model predictive control (MPC). Particular features of the control strategy is the estimation of the energy content of the outlet gas mixture without direct measurements of outlet composition, the use of a metric for coking susceptibility as a constraint on the inlet gas composition, a cost based metric for evaluating decisions on controller commands, and the ability to meet constraints on reactor temperature and outlet gas energy content.
Antibacterial Evaluation of Synthetic Thiazole Compounds In Vitro and In Vivo in a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Skin Infection Mouse Model

The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), including strains resistant to current antibiotics, has contributed to an increase in the number of skin infections reported in humans in recent years. New therapeutic options are needed to counter this public health challenge. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of thiazole compounds synthesized by our research group to be used topically to treat MRSA skin and wound infections. The broth microdilution method confirmed that the lead thiazole compound and four analogues are capable of inhibiting MRSA growth at concentrations as low as 1.3 μg/mL. Additionally, three compounds exhibited a synergistic relationship when combined with the topical antibiotic mupirocin against MRSA in vitro via the checkerboard assay. Thus the thiazole compounds have potential to be used alone or in combination with mupirocin against MRSA. When tested against human keratinocytes, four derivatives of the lead compound demonstrated an improved toxicity profile (were found to be non-toxic up to a concentration of 20 μg/mL). Utilizing a murine skin infection model, we confirmed that the lead compound and three analogues exhibited potent antimicrobial activity in vivo, with similar capability as the antibiotic mupirocin, as they reduced the burden of MRSA present in skin wounds by more than 90%. Taken altogether, the present study provides important evidence that these thiazole compounds warrant further investigation for development as novel topical antimicrobials to treat MRSA skin infections.
Representative Bureaucracy The Politics of Access to Policy-Making Positions in the Federal Executive Service

Does the bureaucracy represent the interests of the public or react to the partisan and ideological demands of political principals? This study uses data from the federal workforce reports and the ...
Pulse reflection sites and effective length of the arterial system

The concept of effective length (L) of the arterial system implies that it may be represented by a single viscoelastic tube terminated by an impedance, creating a single reflection site. Although the concept is straightforward, investigators for years have been unable to agree on the value of L. Proposed values range from a few millimeters to a few meters, confounding the identification of arterial reflection sites. This report shows analytically and illustrates with experimental data that the determination of the effective length leaves room for an infinite number of exact solutions for L and the corresponding terminal impedance if the input impedance of the tube is to match the measured input impedance of an arterial system. None of the possible values of L needs to bear any relationship to actual reflection sites.
Chronic run training suppresses α-adrenergic response of rat cardiomyocytes and isovolumic left ventricle

The effects of endurance run training on α-adrenergic responsiveness of rat left ventricle (LV) were examined in cardiomyocytes and isovolumic LV. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were sedentary (Sed) or...
Healing the hidden injuries of class? Redemption narratives, aspirational proxies, and parents of low‐income, first‐generation college students.

Existing scholarship has examined how low-income individuals conceptualize their socioeconomically constrained positions in relation to the meritocratic ideologies and stratified mobility structures of the United States, but little is specifically known about how these individuals' ideas regarding their own status may be impacted by raising children who surpass their educational and occupational achievement levels. Drawing on interview data from both low-income first-generation (LIFG) college students and the parents of those students, this article examines how parents framed the achievements of their upwardly mobile, college-going children in relation to their own experiences of socioeconomic, educational, and occupational constraint. Engaging qualitative understandings of the “hidden injuries of class,” the analysis demonstrates how parents of LIFG college students reconciled their own experiences of limited mobility despite hard work with their steadfast beliefs in meritocratic ideals by (1) invoking narratives of personal “redemption” from past “mistakes” or “failures” in relation to their children's educational accomplishments, and (2) conceptualizing their upwardly mobile children as “aspirational proxies” through whose accomplishments they measured their own success.
Summary of unpublished presentations for fuels for pulsed reactors

Information is presented on fuels for the IBR-2 reactor, the TREAT converter fuel element studies, the ACPR reactor fuel modifications, and the fuel elements to provide high fluence pulses in the VIPER reactor. (DG)
The Influence of Teacher Development on Secondary Content Area Supervision Among Preservice Teachers

This study addresses the issues and challenges faced by university supervisors when providing content-specific and general pedagogical feedback to preservice teachers. Study data highlight the perspectives of six preservice teachers as they reflect on their supervisory experiences over the course of a licensure year. Survey, interview, and written observation data from preservice teachers and university supervisors reveal the influence of teacher development and content area conventions on how preservice teachers view their teaching abilities and their expectations of university supervisors. Findings will inform how others may approach mentoring, support, and the evaluation of beginning teachers.
A local regularization method using multiple regularization levels

Engineering problems often involve the solution and analysis of inverse problems. Inverse problems are those types of problems where we need to obtain some knowledge about a system through measurement of some other features of the system. Examples of inverse problems include areas such as signal processing, finance, geophysics, image reconstruction and helioseismology. For many practical cases, the inverse problems that are dealt with in engineering, are ill-posed, in the sense of Hadamard definition of well-posedness. To deal with the implications of ill-posedness of such problems, different types of regularization methods are used to replace the original ill-posed problem with a nearby well-posed one. The focus of this work is on regularization of discrete ill-posed problems where the concept of "numerical rank" cannot be applied. More specifically we focus on the "Tikhonov regularization" method, for which the major aspects are choosing regularization operator and also regularization parameter as a measure to balance residual vs. the smoothing norm. For the classical Tikhonov regularization method, most frequently "constant" regularization operator and parameter are used. There are problematic consequences as a result of using this strategy. One major difficulty for many cases of inverse problems is that the solution obtained by these standard regularization techniques is oversmoothed. This is due to the fact that the solution is smoothed (regularized) uniformly with no regard for its specific properties of its different subdomains. This problem is even more pronounced when the actual/exact solution displays sharp changes in different subsections of its domain and regularization with uniform smoothing destroys these features. In this thesis, the concept of multiple regularization is developed. This approach of multiple regularization allows different levels of regularization within different subdomains of the solution. To choose the regularization parameters, the method of generalized cross validation (GCV) is extended to multiparameter cases, so that the regularization parameter is variable throughout the domain of the solution. This method would allow different levels of smoothing based on the properties of different subdomains (i.e. more smoothing (regularization) where the solution is more smooth and less regularization where the solution is less smooth).
Depictions of Mulan with Her Family and with Her Horse in Chinese Prints

The legend of Mulan is well-known. She was the daughter who took her father’s place in the army, and after years of service, her martial colleagues were amazed to discover that their comrade was a woman. Interpretations of her action, her story and its variations have been the subject of many studies of Chinese women. Mulan is pictured in illustrated books and other printed material; nevertheless, analysis of her image has largely been neglected. This study focuses on two components of her pictorial history: First, her emotional relationship with her family in scenes of her departure from home and her return; and second, images of Mulan with her horse. Initially, in late-Ming dynasty representations, her horse, often physically disassociated from Mulan, has played a minor, passive role in domestic scenes of Mulan’s departure from home and her return home. In the late nineteenth-century, Mulan’s relationship with her horse became more personal when she was depicted as a member of the “One Hundred Beauties” genre. Finally, the portrayal of Mulan with her horse is dramatically dynamic: they both anticipate participation in battle as depicted in politically motivated advertisement calendar posters relating to the Japanese invasion of China during the 1930s.
Idealized Tropical Cyclone Responses to the Height and Depth of Environmental Vertical Wind Shear

AbstractThree sets of idealized, cloud-resolving simulations are performed to investigate the sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity to the height and depth of environmental vertical wind shear. In the first two sets of simulations, shear height and depth are varied independently; in the third set, orthogonal polynomial expansions are used to facilitate a joint sensitivity analysis. Despite all simulations having the same westerly deep-layer (200–850 hPa) shear of 10 m s−1, different intensity and structural evolutions are observed, suggesting the deep-layer shear alone may not be sufficient for understanding or predicting the impact of vertical wind shear on TCs. In general, vertical wind shear that is shallower and lower in the troposphere is more destructive to model TCs because it tilts the TC vortex farther into the downshear-left quadrant. The vortices that tilt the most are unable to precess upshear and realign, resulting in their failure to intensify. Shear height appears to ...
Model Parameters from Test Data

The establishment of a meaningful hyperelastic model displaying an appropriate strain-energy function is of primary importance for accurate prediction of the response of deformable bodies. This can be accomplished with the employment of classic models, a number of which were presented earlier, or possibly by the formulation of a completely new and different strain-energy function; the Gent model is specifically emphasized in this chapter. Selection of parameters that appropriately characterize the response/behavior of the material to be modeled is obviously extremely important; identifying the methodology for determining the actual values of the parameters is also of great importance. In order to decide whether a specific model accurately characterizes the range of response of a particular real material, it is necessary to compare predictions made with the model to results obtained from laboratory tests on the real material. Different tests are described and their appropriateness for producing data for particular model parameters is discussed.
Organic Acid Composition of Cellulose Cigarette Smoke Condensate

In the course of systematic studies of cellulose cigarette smoke, organic acids in the smoke were examined by glass capillary gas chromatography and 43 carboxylic acids were either tentatively or positively identified. Semi-quantitative estimation of some of these acids revealed that formic, acetic and glycolic acid are the major acids present in cellulose cigarette smoke and together these three acids accounted for more than 80% of total acids estimated. Mono- and di-basic short-chain acids were found to be present in much more amounts than acids possessing benzene or furan rings. The acids in cellulose cigarette smoke are compared with those in tobacco cigarette smoke and the differences between them are discussed.
CT diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor of abdomen and pelvis

Objective To explore the CT signs of solitary fibrous tumor(SFT) of abdomen and pelvis so as to further improve the understanding of this disease.Methods The CT performance of 11 cases of SFT of abdomen and pelvis confirmed by operation and pathology was retrospectively analysed in this work.Results Of these 11 patients,6 occurred in abdomen and 5 cases in pelvis.Tumor volume was about 4.6 cm×4 cm×3.0 cm~10 cm×14 cm×21.3 cm.As for the morphology,9 patients appeared as oval,2 presented with irregular shape,10 with clear border,1 with unclear edge,2 pelvic tumors with pedicle.4 cases showed slight homogeneous low density on CT scan,7 cases showed low mixed density,of which 2 cases presented with punctate calcification within the lesion,3 cases showed homogeneous enhancement on enhanced scan,8 cases showed heterogeneous enhancement,3 patients with moderate and marked enhancement,in which the scattered mild enhancement patchy and longitudinal cable strip film were seen in masses,5 cases showed mild to significant heterogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase.The substantive part was further strengthened in the portal phase,in which line shape,patchy and flaky within no enhancement area,thickening and tortuous vascular shadow were also seen.Conclusion CT manifestations of SFTumor of the abdomen and pelvis possess certain characteristics,the final diagnosis,however,still needs to combine the CT signs with pathology and immunohistochemistry.
Analysis of 45 pesticide residues in vegetables using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Objective:A new method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of 44 pesticide residues in vegetables by gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-QqQ-MS/MS).Methods: The samples were extracted with acetonitrile,and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction(SPE).The extract was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-QqQ-MS/MS) using external standard method.Results: The recoveries of leek determined at two spiked levels of 10 μg/kg and 200 μg/kg ranged from 64.8% to 156.6%,wherein the recoveries of 40 pesticides were from 70.0 to 120.0 %.The RSDs were less than 18%.The limits of quantification(LOQs) were between 1.26 μg/kg to 24.23 μg/kg(Signal/Noise is 10).Conclusion: The method can be applied to the routine analyses for the determination of multiple pesticides in vegetable samples.
Effects of Attention Focus' Feedback on Learning Different Tasks

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of attention focus' feedback on the learning of different tasks( cognitive skill and motor skill). Study included two experiments that were computer simulation and soccer teaching. In computer simulation experiment,68 college students practiced the task for 7 blocks during acquisition phase,and their skill retention was tested two days later. In soccer teaching experiment,48 college students practiced the task for six lessons in three weeks,and their skill retention and transfer was tested one week later. All the students in two experiments were randomly and equally assigned into external attention focus' feedback group and internal attention focus' feedback group. Two experiments provided attention focus' feedback with 33%feedback frequency for volunteers in skill acquisition phase,but no feedback in skill retention and transfer phase. Results: 1) The feedback effect of both groups in two experiments on the learning of different tasks in acquisition and retention phase was significantly different. 2) The feedback effect of both groups on soccer learning in the transfer phase of soccer teaching experiment was significantly different. Conclusion: 1) In skill acquisition and retention phase,the feedback of external attention focus is more benefit for improving the beginner's performance in soccer cognitive skill and motor skill. 2) In skill transfer phase,the feedback of external attention focus can improve the beginner's performance in soccer open skill.
Homology and isomorphism: Bourdieu in conversation with New Institutionalism

Bourdieusian Field Theory (BFT) provided decisive inspiration for the early conceptual formulation of New Institutionalism (NI). This paper attempts to reinvigorate the stalled intellectual dialogue between NI and BFT by comparing NI's concept of isomorphism with BFT's notion of homology. I argue that Bourdieu's understanding of domination-oriented social action, transposable habitus, and a non-linear causality, embodied in his neglected concept of homology, provides an alternative theorization of field-level convergence to New Institutionalism's central idea of institutional isomorphism. To showcase how BFT can be useful for organizational research, I postulate a habitus-informed and field-conditioned theory of transference to enrich NI's spin-off thesis of 'diffusion'. I propose that while NI can benefit from BFT's potential of bringing social structure back into organizational research, BFT can enrich its social analysis by borrowing from NI's elaboration of the symbolic system of organizations.
Impact of Feature Selection Techniques for Tweet Sentiment Classification.

Sentiment analysis of tweets is a powerful application of mining social media sites that can be used for a variety of social sensing tasks. Common feature engineering techniques frequently result in a large numbers of features being generated to represent tweets. Many of these features may degrade classifier performance and increasing computational cost. Feature selection techniques can be used to select an optimal subset of features, reducing the computational cost of training a classifier, and potentially improving classification performance. Despite its benefits, feature selection has received little attention within the tweet sentiment domain. We study the impact of ten filter-based feature selection techniques on classification performance, using ten feature subset sizes and four different learners. Our experimental results demonstrate that feature selection can significantly improve classification performance in comparison to not using feature selection. Additionally, both choice of ranker and feature subset size significantly impact classifier performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which extensively studies feature selections effect on tweet sentiment classification.
Coronary bypass operation following acute complicated myocardial infarction.

The indications for operation to correct acute mechanical defects after myocardial infarction are clearly established. Less clear is the use of surgical procedures for nonmechanical complications such as persistent ischemia or circulatory collapse. Between 1974 and 1981, 80 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 2 weeks of infarction. Continued pain was the indication in 83% and cardiogenic shock in 17%. Seventeen patients were operated upon within 24 hours of infarction, 35 from 1 to 7 days, and 28 from 8 to 14 days. Eighty-one percent were men; mean age was 58 years. In 39% of patients the infarction was the premier symptom of coronary artery disease. Sixty-two percent had impaired left ventricular function as judged by left ventricular end-diastolic pressure >15 mm Hg or abnormal wall motion seen on ventriculogram. Overall operative mortality was 5.0%; early mortality by indication was 3.0% for pain and 14.3% for shock. Operation for pain carried a 7.7% mortality if done within 48 hours of infarction and was 0% for those patients operated upon after that time. The status of 90% of all patients was known as of December, 1981, with a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. Life-table analysis demonstrates a 5 year survival rate of 85% ±6% in the group operated upon for pain. CABG in the immediate postinfarction period can be done safely with a 5 year survival in patients without hemodynamic compromise comparable to that of patients with chronic angina undergoing elective operation. These results should encourage the application of early postinfarction CABG in other high-risk subgroups of patients.
Morse Decompositions and Global Continuation of Periodic Solutions for Singularly Perturbed Delay Equations

A delay differential equation, arising in optical and biological models, is studied as a dynamical system. As a parameter c →0, a family of periodic solutions x(t, σ) can be globally continued. For small σ we have a singular perturbation problem, and at σ = 0 a non-uniform convergence to a square wave (similar to a Gibbs phenomenon) occurs. For all σ, the dynamical system possesses a Morse decomposition. This is studied with the topological theory of C. Conley.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates using small algal turfs grown with dairy manure

Conservation and reuse of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from animalmanure is increasingly important as producers try to minimize transport ofthesenutrients from farms. An alternative to land spreading is to grow crops ofalgaeon the N and P present in the manure. The general goal of our research is toassess nutrient recovery from animal manure using attached algae. The specificobjective of this study was to evaluate the use of small subsections of algalturfs for determining N and P removal rates by attached algae under differentloading rates of dairy manure. Algae were grown in a laboratory–scalealgal turf scrubber (ATS) operated by recycling wastewater and adding manureeffluent daily. Replicate subsections (0.032 m2) ofalgal turf screens were removed and treated with five different loadings ofanaerobically digested dairy manure containing 5 to 80 mgL−1 NH4-N and 1 to 20 mgL−1 PO4-P over a 2-h incubationperiod. NH4-N removal rates were biphasic with a fast initial ratefollowed by a slower rate. Biphasic rates were more pronounced for the lowestloading rates but less so for the higher ones. PO4-P removal rateswere linear throughout the incubation period for all loading rates. N and Premoval rates increased with increasing loading rate and biomass. Inincubationsusing 1% dairy manure NH4-N and PO4-P removal ratesaveraged 0.72 and 0.33 g m−2d−1,respectively. These rates were approximately 5 to 8-fold lower than ratesmeasured on laboratory-scale ATS units using undisturbed turfs.
Overview of clincial applications

The potential advantages of laser surgery are: 1. No-touch technique. 2. Dry surgical field. 3. Reduced blood loss. 4. Reduced edema. 5. Limited fibrosis and stenosis. 6. No interference with monitoring equipment. 7. Potential elimination of residual neoplastic cells, reduction in recurrences and spread. 8. Precision. 9. Elimination of instruments in field. 10. Reduced postoperative pain (selectively). 11. Sterilization of the operative site. 12. In contrast to ionizing radiation such as X-rays, there is no evidence that medical lasers can cause genetic damage and cancer.
Long-term effects of adolescent concussion history on gait, across age

The aim of this study was to examine the possible long-term effects of high school concussion history on gait performance across the lifespan. Individuals with and without a concussion history were grouped into 20-year-old (yo) (n=40), 40yo (n=19), and 60yo (n=18) age groups. Participants completed five trials of four walking conditions: a normal walk, a dual task walk, an obstructed walk, and an obstructed, dual task walk. Spatiotemporal gait parameters for gait analyses during single and dual task conditions. Gait velocity, step width, stride length, percent of time in double support, and obstacle toe clearance were the gait variables assessed along with number correct from dual task. Gait was analyzed via optical motion capture. Data were analyzed by two-factor, multivariate ANOVAs and significant interactions were explored using post hoc contrasts. A significant (F=2.62, p=0.03) interaction was observed for the obstructed walk condition. Further analyses yielded no significant concussion history and control group differences, within age. The data indicate that an adolescent concussion history has a non-observable effect on gait across the lifespan.
Developing an Analogical Comparison between the EU and the Antebellum US Republic

Traditional theories of state-building baulk at explaining recent trends in European integration, which is why a range of scholars prefer to adopt a tabula rasa attitude, devising new concepts or metaphors that emphasize the uniqueness of this polity. Nonetheless this sui generis approach has been much criticized of late for failing to perceive the merits of comparing the EU with other non-unitary systems, as discussed in the previous chapter. It is in this context, as explained in section 2.2, that transatlantic comparison has become so attractive. However, such comparative studies of the EU and the US almost invariably focus on the modern experience of American federalism.
GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF CATIO3 SINGLE CRYSTAL FIBERS

Single crystal fibers of CaTiO3 have been grown by the Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) method up to several cm in length with diameters of 500–700 μm. The crystals, characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, have the distorted orthorhombic perovskite structure. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency along the [101]o and [010]o (o means orthorhombic unit cell) direction of the crystal were investigated over the temperature range from −250°C to 100°C. The results of thermal expansion measurements up to 850°C reveal no unusual behavior associated with phase transitions. One of the modes of twinning reported by Bowman from optical analysis is confirmed by optical microscopy.
The Tasks of Strategic Market Management: The Role of Marketing

Adoption of the marketing concept is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the creation of sustainable competitive advantage. The marketing concept must be framed in the context of strategic market management (SMM) to optimize its effectiveness. Traditional internal, functional tendencies on the part of other areas in the company raise substantial obstacles to implementation of SMM. This paper describes the role of the marketing concept in SMM and discusses marketing’s role in implementing SMM.
Bioceramic bone graft substitute for treatment of unicameral bone cysts

PURPOSE. To review the outcome of 12 patients who underwent debridement and injection of bioceramic for unicameral bone cyst (UBC). The resorption rate of the bioceramic was estimated by both traditional and novel methods. METHODS. Records of 10 males and 2 females aged 6 to 34 years who underwent debridement and injection of bioceramic for UBC and were followed up for a mean of 41 (range, 26-57) months were reviewed. Functional outcome was assessed using the selfcompleted Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) questionnaire. Radiological outcome was assessed using both original and modified Neer Outcome Rating System. The resorption rate of the bioceramic was estimated using both traditional and novel (ImageJ) methods. RESULTS. The mean MSTS score was 29.7 (range, 28-30) indicating excellent functional outcome. Of the 12 patients, 9 achieved complete healing and 3 had a residual cyst of 1%, 11%, and 52%. The last was considered a local recurrence, and the patient underwent repeat percutaneous injection of the bioceramic 1.5 years later and remained disease-free 4 years later. The mean resorption rate was 29% faster when estimated using the traditional rather than the ImageJ method (0.47 vs. 0.33 cm3/day, p=0.02). In the patient with recurrence, the resorption rate was faster than the average (0.68 vs. 0.33 cm3/day). CONCLUSION. A single percutaneous injection of the bioceramic for UBC achieved good functional and radiological outcome while avoiding donor-site morbidity.
The JAK2 V617F Tyrosine Kinase Mutation in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia: Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Relevance in 157 Patients.

Abstract Background: The occurrence of an activating JAK2 mutation (JAK2 V617F) has been reported in a variable proportion of patients with bcr/abl-negative myeloproliferative disorders including myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). In the current study, we report mutational frequencies in each of the 3 MMM variants as well as examine the prognostic relevance of the mutation in a large group of patients from a single institution. Methods: Mutation analysis for JAK2 V617F was performed in DNA derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all study patients (n=157). Concomitant analysis was also performed in DNA derived from purified granulocytes (n=57), CD34-positive cells (n=25), and T cells (n=19). Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR and fluorescent dye chemistry sequencing was performed using the same primers used for amplification. Results: The study cohort included 157 consecutive patients with MMM including 117 with agnogenic (AMM), 22 with post polycythemic (PPMM), and 18 with post thrombocythemic (PTMM) myeloid metaplasia. The overall detection rate for JAK2 V617F in PBMC was 51% (homozygous in 5.7%) and was significantly (p=0.0002) higher in PPMM (91%; homozygous in 18%) compared to either AMM (45.3%; homozygous in 2.6%) or PTMM (38.9%; homozygous in 11.1%). In AMM (n=117), the presence of JAK2 V617F was significantly associated with an older age at diagnosis (p=0.03), and a history of both thrombosis (p=0.01) and pruritus (p=0.005). No other statistical associations were evident and the presence of the mutation did not predict leukemic transformation. Furthermore, multivariate analysis for overall survival of patients with AMM identified only age and the Dupriez prognostic score as independent prognostic factors; JAK2 V617F had no prognostic significance. Finally, the mutation was not found in T cells and its detection rate in either granulocytes or CD34-positive cells was similar to that in PBMC. Conclusion: JAK2 V617F is a myeloid lineage-specific event, its incidence in MMM is significantly higher with an antecedent history of polycythemia vera, and its presence in AMM does not affect prognosis but is associated with PV-characteristic clinical features.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Allo-HCT) for Treatment of Pediatric Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Abstract 3377 Poster Board III-265 Introduction: Allo-HCT with best available donor for children with Philadelphia positive (Ph+) ALL has previously been considered standard practice. Since the introduction of imatinib into the treatment of this disease, the role of allo-HCT is more uncertain. Patients and Methods: We investigated the impact of remission status, graft source, and imatinib use on transplant outcomes for thirty-seven children with Ph+ ALL who received an allo-HCT at the University of Minnesota between 1990 and 2006. The median age at HCT was 7.47 (range; 1.4 -16.4) years. Thirteen patients received imatinib therapy pre and/or post-HCT (imatinib group) and 24 patients, received either no imatinib (n=23) or only after post-HCT relapse (n=1) (non-imatinib group). Results: There was no difference in disease-free survival (DFS) or relapse between the imatinib and non-imatinib groups at 3 years (62% / 15% vs. 53% / 26%; p=0.99; 0.81, respectively). There was no significant difference in transplant outcomes between matched related donor or unrelated donor (umbilical cord blood or matched unrelated marrow) recipients whereas patients receiving allo-HCT in first remission (CR1) had superior DFS and less relapse compared to patients transplanted in ≥CR2 (71% / 16% vs. 29% / 36%; p=0.01; p=0.05). Conclusions: Based on this retrospective analysis at a single institution, the use of imatinib either pre and/or post-transplant does not appear to significantly impact outcomes for children with Ph+ ALL and allo-HCT with the best available donor should be encouraged in CR1. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Faulty Signal Problem: counterfactual asymmetries in causal decision theory and rational deliberation

A decision theory can be useful not only as a tool for determining which action, given your desires and beliefs, is most preferable, but also as a means for analyzing the nature of rational deliberation. In this paper, I turn to two classic proposals for a causal decision theory, that of Lewis (Australas J Philos 591:5–30, 1981a. doi:10.1080/00048408112340011) and that of Sobel (Australas J Philos 64(4):407–437, 1986. doi:10.1080/00048408612342621). As Rabinowicz (Philosophical essays dedicated to Lennart Aqvist on His Fiftieth Birthday, Department of Philosophy, Uppsala, 1982) revealed, Lewis’ proposal is unable to be applied to as broad a set of decision problems as a version of CDT offered by Sobel, an account of decision theory that Lewis thought was equivalent to his own. Rabinowicz argued by offering a counterexample to Lewis’ account. In this essay, I build on that approach, offering a novel counterexample, the “Faulty Signal Problem,” which proves that Lewis’ theory fails to provide a recommendation in an even broader class decision problems than Rabinowicz recognized, particularly those that exhibit what I refer to as counterfactual asymmetries. The problem for Lewis, however, is not just a technicality. Lewis and Sobel’s theories, respectively, conceptualize rational deliberation in two different ways. Lewis’ proposal, which utilized conditionalization as its form of belief revision, shares with evidential decision theory the same underlying attitude toward the agent as evidence-maker. In contrast, Sobel’s theory, based on imaging, captures the idea that deliberation requires a distinctly suppositional attitude that respects the agent’s causal views. The Faulty Signal Problem not only gives reason to favor Sobel’s proposal over Lewis’; it also provides justification for seeing imaging as necessary for a genuinely causal decision theory.