cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of histochemical and physiological properties of muscle units in the striped skunk

Single motor units in striped skunk medial gastrocnemias were isolated and physiologically characterized. Individual muscle unit fibres tagged by glycogen depletion were analyzed histochemically and found to have histochemical profiles consistently correlated with the physiological findings.
Positive deviance A case study in finding and harnessing the wisdom of organizational communities

This case study shows how a powerful technique developed for improving nutrition in emerging countries was used to deliver quick performance improvements within existing resources in Hertfordshire ...
The Talented Tenth: Gay Black Boys and the Racial Politics of Southern Schooling

ABSTRACT This interview-based, narrative study examines the effects of schooling in a Deep South urban community on the identity construction of gay African American boys and young men. Specifically, it exposes the ways in which the dominant culture of White racism creates and imposes a hegemonic masculinity on Black youth culture that forces these young men to choose racial solidarity over sexual identity and to “pass” as straight. Significantly, this study addresses the complex role of the “culture of power” in the educational experiences of these young men.
Determination of Bromate in the Presence of Brominated Haloacetic Acids by Ion Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection

Bromate is a disinfection by product (DBP) in drinking water that is formed during the ozonation of a source water containing bromide. Brominated haloacetic acids are DBPs that are anions at near-neutral pHs. The anion character of bromoacetic acid (pKa = 2.7) is similar to bromate, which causes the two species to coelute when NaOH is used as an eluent. Four columns are evaluated as a means of removing the potential false positives generated by bromoacetic acid. The alkyl quaternary amine based PA-100 guard column separates bromate from bromoacetic acid using 100 mM NaOH, but the analysis time is greater than 12 min. The use of 5 mM HNO3 as an eluent (with the PA-100) provides adequate separation of bromate from bromoacetic acid with an analysis time of less than 8 min. The stability of bromate in 5 mM HNO3 was evaluated using a DDI matrix (pH adjusted to 5.5, fortified with bromide) and a drinking water matrix (pH 4−9). The bromate recoveries in these two matrices were 93−105% with less than 4% RSDs. Tri...
Shock-induced facilitation of a partially extinguished CER

A CER to a light CS was acquired by 22 rats and partially extinguished. Half the Ss were then given seven free shocks before another extinction session. The noncontingent shock group subsequently showed more suppression of lick rate to the CS than did the no-shock group. Experiment 2 determined that the CER in Experiment 1 was not due to pseudoconditioning and that the CS facilitated licking in Ss with completely suppressed baselines.
Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model.

Research and valid practice in emotional intelligence (EI) have been impeded by lack of theoretical clarity regarding (a) the relative roles of emotion perception, emotion understanding, and emotion regulation facets in explaining job performance; (b) conceptual redundancy of EI with cognitive intelligence and Big Five personality; and (c) application of the EI label to 2 distinct sets of constructs (i.e., ability-based EI and mixed-based EI). In the current article, the authors propose and then test a theoretical model that integrates these factors. They specify a progressive (cascading) pattern among ability-based EI facets, in which emotion perception must causally precede emotion understanding, which in turn precedes conscious emotion regulation and job performance. The sequential elements in this progressive model are believed to selectively reflect Conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and Neuroticism, respectively. "Mixed-based" measures of EI are expected to explain variance in job performance beyond cognitive ability and personality. The cascading model of EI is empirically confirmed via meta-analytic data, although relationships between ability-based EI and job performance are shown to be inconsistent (i.e., EI positively predicts performance for high emotional labor jobs and negatively predicts performance for low emotional labor jobs). Gender and race differences in EI are also meta-analyzed. Implications for linking the EI fad in personnel selection to established psychological theory are discussed.
Alcohol Abuse And the Soviet Military

Alcohol abuse in the Soviet Union has been the subject of jokes and misinterpretation in the West. This article describes the cultural, sociological, and political forces around and within the Soviet drinking problem. The Western stereotype of the Soviet soldier as a drunkard is tempered with a prediction suggesting how warfare may affect his drinking habits. Possible short and long-term effects of continued alcohol abuse by large portions of the Soviet population are examined for its impact on their future military potential. The article attempts to refocus attention away from traditional preconceptions of Soviet drinking and toward areas that will affect current and future soldiers' performances.
Klinefelter's syndrome in a three-year old severely disturbed child

A case study of a 3-year-old boy, said to be the youngest known Klinefelter patient (47 XXY) with severe psychopathology, mental retardation, and speech disorder is presented and discussed. The possibility of childhood schizophrenia was raised and a diagnosis of “emotional disturbance” formulated by other specialists on the basis of the child's stressful home environment. Pertinent psychiatric observations and laboratory findings are detailed and the interplay of environmental and biological factors related to the final diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome with borderline to mild retardation, dysarthria and a superimposed withdrawing reaction of childhood. The importance of complete diagnostic work-up, including cytogenetic studies, for retarded and/or severely disturbed children of preschool age is emphasized. Such studies showed sex chromosome anomalies in 2 out of 25 patients consecutively admitted to a psychiatric hospital nursery.
Seed bank dynamics in a Great Basin salt playa

Abstract Salt playa are common in the Great Basin area with halophytes as the dominant flora. The relationship between the seed bank flora and existing vegetation was studied. The seed bank flora showed a high degree of similarity with that of perennial and annual halophytic vegetation. Both above and below ground components of the community are dominated by halophyte species like Allenrolfea occidentalis , Holosteum umbellatum , Salicornia rubra and Salicornia utahensis . Seasonal variation in the seed bank was also studied for the 1995–1996 and 1996–1997 growing seasons. The seeds of A. occidentalis persist in the soil of the upper zone in large densities. Salicornia utahensis was much higher in the upper zone throughout the study period. Most species demonstrated the persistent nature of the seed banks with their numbers increasing after seed dispersal and decreasing in subsequent months. The variation illustrates the transient nature of the seed bank. We concluded that A. occidentalis is more dependent on a large seed bank for maintaining its population than the two annual halophytes. The significance of the seed bank and their variation due to environmental conditions for perennial and annual species of the Great Basin salt playa community is discussed.
Evolutionary stability of stochastic decision making in spiders: results of a simulation

Abstract In deciding when to break off inter-sexual cohabitations, bowl and doily spiders, Frontinella pyramitela (Araneae, Linyphiidae), are influenced neither by environmental variables nor by the reproductive status of their mates. It has been argued previously that, in deciding when to depart from a female, the male spider does the equivalent of repeatedly rolling dice, and only departs when a particular number comes up. This hypothesis is open to the criticism that such a stochastic process is unlikely to be superior (as an evolutionary strategy) to a process in which the male spiders have a fixed, short, web-tenacity time: surely males that tended to remain with females only briefly would enjoy higher reproductive success because they would spend a greater amount of time searching for virgin females. To respond to this criticism, a computer model was constructed to determine whether reliance on a stochastic process is evolutionarily stable in bowl and doily spiders. The results indicate that mean paternity does not vary systematically with mean cohabitation duration, that males with fixed cohabitation durations sire fewer progeny than do stochastic males, and that this difference is significant both when stochastic males are common and when they are rare. These results constitute very strong, but not definitive, support for the contention that the stochastic strategy is evolutionarily stable.
Dynamic Cartesian Coordinate Control of a Manipulator

An algorithm for the dyanamic control of a manipulator in Cartesian coordinates is presented. The desired acceleration of the end-effector is transformed into desired joint accelerations through the use of the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. The recognition of singular conditions is part of the algorithm and appropriate action is taken when they occur. Given the desired joint accelerations, the Newton-Euler formulation of the manipulator dynamics is used to compute the required actuator torques/forces. A new notation is presented which simplifies the writing of the equations of the model as well as the control algorithm.
The Effect of Refrigerator Storage on the Keeping Qualities of Pasteurized Milk

Sumamry The psychrophilic bacteria which develop in milk during refrigerator storage are primarily responsible for the deterioration of the product. These organisms apparently are responsible for the development of the acid which is produced in milk during storage at 40° F. The initial mesophilic (standard plate) and psychrophilic counts do not serve as an index of the potential keeping quality of milk being stored at about 40° F. Mesophilic counts frequently are little changed during the entire storage period. Riboflavin in milk is not affected by refrigerator storage, and periodic exposure to room daylight has no noticeable effect. The ascorbic acid content of milk is depleted rapidly both before and during storage. After 1 day of storage, only insignificant quantities remain in milks processed by conventional procedures. Milk of good quality can be expected to retain excellent bacteriological and flavor qualities for at least 4 days during the summer months and 6 to 7 days during winter months if refrigerator temperatures are maintained near 40° F.
Strong two-photon-induced fluorescence from a highly soluble polythiophene

Abstract Two-photon-induced fluorescence from a soluble polythiophene containing urethane side groups has been investigated using femto-second laser pulses at 800 nm. Strong two-photon fluorescence was measured in polymer solution. The quadratic dependence of the fluorescence on the excitation laser intensity confirmed the two-photon process. The measured two-photon absorption cross-section is larger as compared to those of other reported polythiophenes. This polymer can be readily hydrolyzed to yield a water soluble polythiophene which could be useful in biological imaging.
A Mathematical Modeling Approach to Improving Locomotive Utilization at a Freight Railroad

Moving freight by rail remains one of the major transportation modes in today's business world. Although railcars compare unfavorably with trucks and airplanes with respect to mobility, flexibility, and speed, the shipping costs are lower and the energy-efficiency is higher. In order to become more competitive in the logistics industry, railroads have taken a number of new initiatives to improve their operations in recent years. One of such efforts made by Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) is described in this paper. The main focus of the present study is on helping Conrail increase the utilization of its locomotive fleet by developing a mixed integer linear program (MILP) to determine the least-cost plan of allocating locomotives to yards and moving light engines between yards. The MILP is tested on a set of real data gathered at Conrail and it is proven to be superior to the existing method. A simple sensitivity analysis is also performed to gain insight into the trade-off between investment in additional locomotives and cost of light engine moves.
Bifurcation detection using the Lanczos method and imbedded subspaces

Abstract A method is presented for detecting bifurcations in parameterized nonlinear PDEs. The method is developed in the context of pseudo-arclength continuation with a Newton corrector iteration. An iterative method, such as preconditioned bio-conjugate gradients, is used to solve the linear Newton systems. The method is applicable to any type of imbedded discretization, such as that obtained for finite elements with h refinement, h - p refinement, p refinement, or various multigrid methods. In the present study a spectral element discretization is applied with hierarchic polynomial basis functions. Eigenvectors of the Jacobian contribution of the imbedded subspace provide “seeds” for a Lanczos procedure to produce an efficient scheme. Numerical results for representative problems are presented. An important point is that the full space solution iterate is used for the subspace Jacobian evaluation.
Relationship of neuronal activity to gross movement-related potentials in monkey pre- and postcentral cortex

The firing patterns of precentral neurons associated with conditioned hand movements have been extensively studied in the monkey 5,6,9,13. These studies have focused upon neural activity preceding movement and have established that the discharge of both pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons increases prior to the onset of EMG-monitored muscular contraction. Since intracortical recordings are seldom obtainable in humans, efforts have been made to identify gross potential correlates of voluntary movement utilizing movement-synchronized averaged scalp EEG recordings4,1°,1'~. When recorded with repetitive self-paced movements, the human motor potential (MP) consists of a slow negative shift, beginning 0.5-2.0 sec before contraction (N I), a phasic negativity, beginning between 50 and 100 msec before contraction (N2), which is intermittently preceded by a small positive deflection (P l). A complex positive component follows the onset of movement and completes the MP. Comparable MPs have been recorded from the cortical surface of monkeys trained to perform self-paced wrist extension movements 1,1v. In both man and monkey the N2 component is maximal in amplitude overlying the contralateral precentral gyrus and in monkey transcortical recordings, N2 was found to invert in polarity exclusively within the precentral hand area 1. The timing and topography of this antecedent potential suggests that it is correlated with the cortical activity associated with corticospinal outflow ~°,1'~,1~. However, the relationship between the gross MP and neural firing patterns has not been directly examined. Although extracellular field potentials are generally considered to reflect synaptic currents, their relationships to neural firing patterns are extremely complex. [t is important to know the extent to which field potentials are capable of reflecting net population patterns of neural excitation and inhibition in order to evaluate the significance of the gross MP data obtained in human subjects and experimental animals. In this report we demonstrate direct relationships between the cortical loci and temporal pattern of neural firing and the gross potentials recorded from pre- and postcentral cortex in association with self-paced hand movements in the monkey. Three adult macaques (Maeaca mulatta) were trained to perform brief selfpaced wrist extension movements at intervals exceeding 2 sec. Contractions of muscles
Residual effectiveness of insecticides for control of German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in food-handling establishments.

Residual effectiveness of insecticides was compared for two treatment methods at various sites within two commercial kitchens. For all sites and insecticides, German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), mortality was greatest for treatments of cracks and crevices than for treatments of exposed surfaces. Mortality at the dish washing site was lower than at all other sites. We attributed reduced mortality at the dish washing site to a higher vapor pressure deficit. Mortality and the amount of insecticide residue recovered from treated surfaces were closely correlated. These data demonstrate that careful placement of residual insecticide treatments will influence their effective longevity.
In situ 3D magnetic resonance metabolic imaging of microwave‐irradiated rodent brain: a new tool for metabolomics research

The rapid elevation in rat brain temperature achieveable with focused beam microwave irradiation (FBMI) leads to a permanent inactivation of enzymes, thereby minimizing enzyme-dependent post-mortem metabolic changes. An additional characteristic of FBMI is that the NMR properties of the tissue are close to those of the in vivo condition and remain so for at least 12 h. These features create an opportunity to develop magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging on microwave-irradiated samples into a technique with a resolution, coverage and sensitivity superior to any experiment performed directly in vivo. Furthermore, when combined with pre-FBMI infusion of (13)C-labeled substrates, like [1-(13)C]-glucose, the technique can generate maps of metabolic fluxes, like the tricarboxylic acid and glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle fluxes at an unprecedented spatial resolution.
An Analytical Assessment of the United States-Canadian Defense Issue Area

This article examines the United States-Canadian defense issue area from a transnational and transgovernmental perspective, and attempts to develop conceptually the transgovernmental dimension through empirical application. The first part delineates those factors that encourage transnational and transgovernmental activity in the defense issue area. The second part considers pure intergovernmental transactions, referring to United States-Canadian dealings in which there is no transnational or transgovernmental activity. Because we know so little about how these dealings occur, this section examines pure intergovernmental transactions as a three-stage issue flow: preprocess, process, and postprocess. The third section identifies and examines the dynamics of mixed transactions, referring to intergovernmental flows having transnational or transgovernmental activity that does not essentially alter the outcomes of the flows. The fourth part identifies transformative transactions, referring to intergovernmental flows that become transnational or transgovernmental flows (or the reverse) through the involvement of new actors that significantly alter the outcomes of the flows. In summation, the fifth section considers those factors militating against transnational and transgovernmental activity in the defense area.
The Néel transition and magnetic properties of terrestrial, synthetic, and lunar ilmenites

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of a terrestrial, synthetic and lunar ilmenite specimen has been measured from 4 to 300 K. All specimens had a single Neel temperature transition which ranged from 56 to 57.7 K. In one case the powdered specimen was partially aligned in the magnetic field prior to the susceptibility measurements and the Neel transition was observed to shift to 60 K indicating magnetic anisotropy. A study of several magnetic parameters calculated from the experimental data showed gross impurities in the terrestrial specimen, single-domain to multi-domain metallic iron in the synthetic specimen, and a small amount of superparamagnetic metallic iron in the lunar sample. No multidomain iron was observed in the lunar ilmenite. The results of electron spin resonance measurements were also in general agreement with these findings. Because of the absence of Fe 3+ compared to most terrestrial samples it is suggested that the anisotropic magnetic parameters be determined on lunar ilmenite when a large enough single crystal becomes available.
Inhibition of an extracellular matrix protein increases survival in orthotopic nude mouse models

INTRODUCTION: Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of cancer mortality. Lysyl oxidase(LOX) is an extracellular matrix protein that increases cell invasion and migration through regulation of cellmatrix adhesion and focal adhesion kinase activity. Hypoxic primary tumor cells increase LOX expression and secretion to enable cell movement to oxygenated, nutrient-rich areas. Therefore we wanted to determine the effect of LOX inhibition on metastatic disease.
Bone in idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy.

Summary Objective Bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced in epilepsy and may underlie the observed increased fracture rate. Non-ambulatory patients have reduced BMD, although, it is not clear if normally weight bearing ambulatory patients are similarly vulnerable. Design Cross-sectional study examining age- and gender-specific z -score total bone mineral density ( z -BMD) in 116 normally ambulatory children with epilepsy between ages 6 and 18 years (79 idiopathic epilepsy and 37 symptomatic epilepsy) were compared to 36 healthy controls. Results Both idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsies were associated with lower z -BMD (0.38±1 and 0.17±1, respectively) compared to controls (0.52±0.76). For both groups patients with generalized seizures had lower z -BMD than those with partial seizures. Symptomatic generalized epilepsy was associated with the lowest z -BMD (−0.15±1.1) compared to controls ( p z -BMD (correlation coefficient=0.1; p Conclusions Both idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy are associated with reduced BMD. Those with symptomatic epilepsy, particularly symptomatic generalized epilepsy, had the greatest reduction in BMD despite normal weight bearing and ambulation. These data suggests that BMD is reduced in epilepsy beyond what can be explained by lack of ambulation and may underlie the vulnerability to fractures.
Valued life abilities among veteran cancer survivors.

Background When patients have multiple chronic illnesses, it is not feasible to provide disease‐based care when treatments for one condition adversely affect another. Instead, health‐care delivery requires a broader person‐centred treatment plan based on collaborative, patient‐oriented values and goals.
The Impact of Panic-Agoraphobic Comorbidity on Suicidality in Hospitalized Patients with Major Depression

Background: Previous research in outpatient samples suggests that panic and agoraphobic comorbidity is related to suicidality in outpatients with major depression. The purpose of the study was to further investigate this relationship specifically in a hospitalized sample. Method: This study examined the severity of current suicidal ideation and behaviors in a psychiatric hospital sample diagnosed with major depressive disorder alone (MDD; n=28) versus MDD plus panic-agoraphobic spectrum disorders (MDD+PAS; n=69). Results: Members of the MDD+PAS group were significantly more likely to have had a suicide attempt history, higher current depression severity, and higher current suicidal severity compared with individuals in the MDD alone group. The relationship between the current suicidality and comorbid PAS remained significant after controlling for the overall depression severity and other clinical factors. Conclusions: These findings suggest that panic-agoraphobic comorbidity is associated with a greater risk for suicidality in hospitalized patients, which cannot be adequately explained by the level of current depression alone. The clinical and research implications for these findings are discussed. Language: en
Andrea's Baggage: Reading (in) Laforet's Nada

Abstract One overlooked feature of Andrea's arrival in Barcelona at the beginning of Nada is the old and battered suitcase that she drags with her to her relatives’ apartment. It is filled almost entirely with books, books that—we may assume—she has read and plans to read again. Reading, it is clear, has played a large part in her intellectual and psychological formation as a teenager, but one of the strands of her overall maturation process during the forthcoming year will involve achieving a greater understanding of the distortions involved in how people (including her) see life through the optic of literature and literature through the optic of life. Gradually disabused of her overly literary adolescent imaginings, then, she eventually becomes a writer—of the text that is Nada—who is well aware of the traps that reading and writing hold.
Rolling Element Skew in Tapered Roller Bearings

This paper reports on the roller skew in tapered roller bearings monitored by contact potential difference probes. The effect of the load, rotational speed, and viscosity of lubricant on roller skew angle, along with the variation of bearing torque with the running conditions, were measured on a LM501300 bearing. Two greases (SHC15 and SHC460) were used to lubricate the bearing. The skew angles were found to vary from 0.15° to 0.6°. The results indicate that the skew angle depends on the friction force at the roller-rib interface. An empirical equation is derived which relates the skew angle to the bearing operational parameters. Presented at the 55th Annual Meeting Nashville, Tennessee May 7–11, 2000
Chemical characterization and in vitro toxicity of diesel exhaust particulate matter generated under varying conditions

Epidemiologic studies have linked diesel exhaust (DE) to cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, as well as lung cancer. DE composition is known to vary with many factors, although it is unclear how this influences toxicity. We generated eight DE atmospheres by applying a 2×2×2 factorial design and altering three parameters in a controlled exposure facility: (1) engine load (27 vs 82 %), (2) particle aging (residence time ~5 s vs ~5 min prior to particle collection), and (3) oxidation (with or without ozonation during dilution). Selected exposure concentrations of both diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and DE gases, DEP oxidative reactivity via DTT activity, and in vitro DEP toxicity in murine endothelial cells were measured for each DE atmosphere. Cell toxicity was assessed via measurement of cell proliferation (colony formation assay), cell viability (MTT assay), and wound healing (scratch assay). Differences in DE composition were observed as a function of engine load. The mean 1-nitropyrene concentration was 15 times higher and oxidative reactivity was two times higher for low engine load versus high load. There were no substantial differences in measured toxicity among the three DE exposure parameters. These results indicate that alteration of applied engine load shifts the composition and can modify the biological reactivity of DE. While engine conditions did not affect the selected in vitro toxicity measures, the change in oxidative reactivity suggests that toxicological studies with DE need to take into account engine conditions in characterizing biological effects.
Migration of a sphere in tube flow

The cross-stream migration of a single neutrally buoyant rigid sphere in tube flow is simulated by two packages, one (ALE) based on a moving and adaptive grid and another (DLM) using distributed Lagrange multipliers on a fixed grid. The two packages give results in good agreement with each other and with experiments. A lift law is the circulation for the free particle and it changes sign with the lift. A method of constrained simulation is used to generate data which is processed for correlation formulas for the lift force, slip velocity, and equilibrium position. Our formulae predict the change of sign of the lift force which is necessary in the Segre–Silberberg effect. Our correlation formula is compared with analytical lift formulae in the literature and with the results of two-dimensional simulations. Our work establishes a general procedure for obtaining correlation formulae from numerical experiments. This procedure forms a link between numerical simulation and engineering practice.
A simulation program to model effects of logistics on R&M of complex systems

A simulation program (SIMULAV) is presented that is capable of modeling large-scale reliability systems. The program can model the effect of such logistics characteristics as inventory, transportation, and facilities on the reliability and availability of the system. The program is written in Pascal and it consists of three main elements: a process-oriented simulation language, a minimal cut-sets algorithm, and a simulation model to estimate the availability of a complex system. The model is implemented using the process-oriented simulation language and its uses the minimal cut-sets to determine system failure. It assumes that the system can be represented by a reliability block diagram. Examples are modeled to show how SIMULAV can be used to assess the effect of some logistic parameters on the availability of the system. >
Flow patterns of lobate debris aprons and lineated valley fill north of Ismeniae Fossae, Mars: Evidence for extensive mid-latitude glaciation in the Late Amazonian

A variety of Late Amazonian landforms on Mars have been attributed to the dynamics of ice-related processes. Evidence for large-scale, mid-latitude glacial episodes existing within the last 100 million to 1 billion years on Mars has been presented from analyses of lobate debris aprons (LDA) and lineated valley fill (LVF) in the northern and southern mid-latitudes. We test the glacial hypothesis for LDA and LVF along the dichotomy boundary in the northern mid-latitudes by examining the morphological characteristics of LDA and LVF surrounding two large plateaus, proximal massifs, and the dichotomy boundary escarpment north of Ismeniae Fossae (centered at 45.3N and 39.2E). Lineations and flow directions within LDA and LVF were mapped using images from the Context (CTX) camera, the Thermal Emission Imaging Spectrometer (THEMIS), and the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC). Flow directions were then compared to topographic contours derived from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) to determine the down-gradient components of LDA and LVF flow. Observations indicate that flow patterns emerge from numerous alcoves within the plateau walls, are integrated over distances of up to tens of kilometers, and have down-gradient flow directions. Smaller lobes confined within alcoves and superposed on the main LDA and LVF represent a later, less extensive glacial phase. Crater size-frequency distributions of LDA and LVF suggest a minimum (youngest) age of 100 Ma. The presence of ring-mold crater morphologies is suggestive that LDA and LVF are formed of near-surface ice-rich bodies. From these observations, we interpret LDA and LVF within our study region to result from formerly active debris-covered glacial flow, consistent with similar observations in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars. Glacial flow was likely initiated from the accumulation and compaction of snow and ice on plateaus and in alcoves within the plateau walls as volatiles were mobilized to the mid-latitudes during higher obliquity excursions. Together with similar analyses elsewhere along the dichotomy boundary, these observations suggest that multiple glacial episodes occurred in the Late Amazonian and that LDA and LVF represent significant reservoirs of non-polar ice sequestered below a surface lag for hundreds of millions of years.
Prevalence and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Older Premenopausal Women: The Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles

Background The Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles is a community-based cohort study designed to evaluate the relationship between major depression and changes in menstrual and ovarian function. Methods All women aged 36 to 44 years with a verifiable address from 7 Boston, Mass, metropolitan communities were selected from the Massachusetts Town Books. A self-administered questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics and menstrual history, depression history, and current depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) in 4161 women. Results We observed a score of 16 or more on the CES-D in 22.4% of women surveyed, and 8.6% scored 25 or more. Widowed, divorced, or separated women were twice as likely as married women to have depression scores greater than 16 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.8), and smokers in the upper tertile of pack-years were 1.9 times more likely to have CES-D scores of 16 or more (95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.3). Relative to nulliparous women, those with 1 or 2 children had a 30% lower risk of historic mood disorder, and those with 3 or more children had an even greater reduction in risk (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.6). Menstrual cycle irregularities were largely unassociated with current or past depression. However, 5 of 8 premenstrual symptoms were significantly associated with CES-D scores of 16 or more. Conclusions These findings corroborate the prevalence of depression reported by other community-based studies, and also support a relationship between depressive symptoms and marital status, cigarette smoking, nulliparity, and premenstrual symptoms.
Magnetism and charge dynamics in iron pnictides

For the iron pnictide superconductors, a first-principles calculation of the magnetic state shows that correlations are important if we are to understand both the paramagnetic and magnetic phases. Moreover, the pnictides are fundamentally different from the cuprate superconductors in terms of spin and orbital physics.
Modeling of transverse propagation delays in the GaAs/AlGaAs modulation doped heterojunction field effect transistors

A computer-efficient algorithm to calculate the transverse propagation delays in a GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped FET (MODFET) is discussed. The model includes the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic parameters of the MODFET. The dependences of these delays on the various MODFET parameters such as its gate length and width and the gate metal resistivity have been studied. >
Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Testing Necessary but Insufficient

The overarching goal of noninvasive testing in patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease (CAD) is to assess the risk for future cardiovascular events and guide clinical care. This includes identifying those at highest risk for obstructive CAD and ischemia that would benefit from coronary revascularization, as well as those at lowest risk for whom an invasive CAD evaluation represents an unnecessary risk. Data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry has revealed that almost 40% of coronary angiograms are normal or near normal.1 This suggests that more effective strategies are needed to distinguish between patients with and without significant CAD and better guide the use of invasive coronary angiography (ICA). In symptomatic patients with an intermediate probability of disease, the ideal noninvasive test should be capable of both accurately diagnosing and excluding significant CAD. Historically, significant CAD has been synonymous with obstructive CAD (≥70% stenosis), as determined by angiographic appearance during ICA. However, the Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation (FAME) trial revealed that anatomically obstructive lesions do not always equate to functionally significant lesions as assessed by fractional flow reserve (FFR), an index of the physiological significance of a coronary stenosis.2 Furthermore, patients revascularized for lesions that were both anatomically and functionally significant had a 28% lower rate of death, nonfatal myocardial infraction, and repeat revascularization than those patients revascularized on the basis of anatomic stenosis alone. Therefore, if revascularization of stenotic coronary lesions that induce ischemia can improve patient outcomes, then the question is: Can this be accurately identified with noninvasive testing so that only patients with clinically significant CAD are sent for invasive evaluation? Currently, noninvasive testing is capable of evaluating either anatomic or functional significance, but not both in a single modality. Test selection requires choosing between an anatomic or functional …
Precedent autonomy: life-sustaining intervention and the demented patient.

How aggressively should we pursue life-sustaining treatment of the demented patient? This question becomes increasingly important as our population ages and medical technology offers ever more life-prolongation. In Life's Dominion, Ronald Dworkin addresses the issue in the context of an Alzheimer patient who had previously declared the desire to avoid life-sustaining intervention. Dworkin argues for the primacy of what he calls precedent autonomy: “A competent person's right to autonomy requires that his past decisions about how he is to be treated if he becomes demented be respected even if they contradict the desires he has at a later point.” In 1995, the Hastings Center Report carried thoughtful rebuttals by Daniel Callahan and Rebecca Dresser. Much of Callahan's article is devoted to patients who never executed an advance directive, but he states unequivocally that such directives can be overridden, basing much of his argument on the writings of Sanford Kadish. Together, Dresser, Callahan, and Kadish define a clear position opposed to precedent autonomy.
Heteroaromatic polymers. The polybithiazoles

The polycondensation of dithiooxamide with bifunctional aromatic bromomethyl ketones affords a series of poly-4,4′-diaryl-2,2′-bithiazoles. These polymers exhibit outstanding thermal stability. They are characteristically insoluble, infusible, highly crystalline, and of high molecular weight. Controlled structural variations within the polymer recurring unit allow for modifications of gross polymer properties. Structural characterization and thermal stability measurements are discussed.
Estimating isothermal life from thermogravimetric data

Equations are given for estimating equivalent isothermal life from thermogravimetric data and for estimating the apparent activation energy for volatilization even though the nature of the kinetic process is unknown. Illustrative data for polytetrafluoroethylene are presented. The importance of using sample temperatures, rather than furnace temperatures, is noted.
Preventive detention of sex offenders: A comparative law perspective

En decadas recientes, la justicia penal y la legislacion de salud mental en todo el mundo ha buscado manejar y prevenir el problema de se reiterada violencia sexual. Tal vez algunas de las medidas mas restrictivas han sido aquellas dirigidas a la detencion de aquellos abusadores sexuales que se supone son de un riesgo elevado de reincidencia. Este documento examina la Legislacion del Depredador Sexual Violento (SVP) considerada constitucional por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos en Kansas contra Hendricks (1997), y compara este plan de compromiso civil post sentencia con los estatutos de la detencion preventiva dirigidos a, o en otros casos aplicados a, los abusadores sexuales en varias de las naciones de la Commonwealth. Este documento examina, precisamente, a los delincuentes peligrosos (abusadores sexuales) de Australia Acto (2003) , el cual fue ratificado por la Fiscalia General (QLD) contra. Fardon (2004) y el cual, al igual que la legislacion SVP en Los Estados Unidos, permite la detencion preventiva post sentencia de los delincuentes sexuales que se consideren de alto riesgo de reincidencia sexual. Mas aun, este documento revisa la legislacion canadiense sobre Delincuentes Peligrosos que permite la detencion indeterminada de delincuentes condenados, asi como la designacion inglesa de Peligrosos y Severos Desordenes de Personalidad (DSPD) que autoriza transferir a sitios seguros a quienes se supone representan un alto riesgo de hacer dano a otros. Una breve discusion de estas ideas alternativas, concluye el documento.
The Problem with Subject-Sensitive Invariantism

Thomas Blackson does not question that my argument in section 2 of "Assertion, Knowledge and Context"2 establishes the conclusion that the standards that comprise a truth-condition for "I know that P" vary with context, but does claim that this does not suffice to validly demonstrate the truth of contextualism, because this variance in standards can be handled by what we will here call Subject-Sensitive Invariantism (SSI),3 and so does not demand a contextualist treatment. According to SSI, the varying standards that comprise a truth-condition of "I know that P" are sensitive to factors that attach to the speaker as the putative subject of knowledge, rather than as the speaker of the knowledge attribution. That is, according to SSI, these factors of the subject's context determine a single set of standards that govern when the subject himself, or any other speaker, including those not engaged in conversation with the subject, can truthfully say that the subject "knows." Thus, we do not get the result that contextualists insist on: that one speaker
In vitro glucuronidation of ABT-751, a novel anticancer agent

ABT-751 is an oral antimitotic agent in phase 2 development. In cancer patients, ABT-751 is extensively metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfation. To identify the UGT isoforms involved in ABT-751 glucuronidation, we have determined maximum turnover (Vmax) and affinity constant (Km) of pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) and commercially available human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs, 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B4, 2B7, 2B15, 2B17) for ABT-751. Formation of ABT-751 glucuronide was measured by HPLC. The kinetic properties of ABT-751 glucuronidation in HLM and the UGTs with the highest Vmax/Km values are shown below: (See Table) Other UGTs showed considerably lower and slower production of ABT-751 glucuronide. Our data suggest that 1A8, 1A4, 1A1 and 2B7 are the main isoforms responsible for ABT-751 glucuronidation. 1A8 is expressed in the intestinal tract and might be involved in ABT-751 absorption. 1A4, 1A1 and 2B7 are expressed in the liver and gastrointestinal tract and so might also be involved in ABT-751 hepatic metabolism. Future studies will evaluate the effect of 1A8, 1A4, 1A1 and 2B7 gene variation on ABT-751 pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. We are conducting similar experiments to identify the sulfotransferases involved in ABT-751 sulfation. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P86–P86; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.328 Table 1. Vmax (pmol/min/mg) (mean±SE) Km(μM) (mean±SE) Vmax/Km (μl/min/mg) HLM (pooled) 150.9 ± 6.5 114.2 ± 16.2 1.3 1A1 60.0 ± 1.7 82.8 ± 7.8 0.7 1A4 54.3 ± 1.5 43.3 ± 5.3 1.3 1A8 141.9 ± 5.7 36.7 ± 7.1 3.9 2B7 41.8 ± 0.8 58.4 ± 4.5 0.7
5 Cultivated Landscapes as Inalienable Wealth in Southeastern Mesoamerica

Annette Weiner's theory of inalienable possessions, while bridging important gaps between meaning and materiality in archaeological studies of labor, gives short shrift to the potential role of landed property in constituting regimes of value. This chapter responds by exploring how archaeologists can study the social, political, and economic consequences of the inheritance of cultivated landscapes from estate ancestors. Drawing on Weiner's framework for “keeping-while-giving” and Parker Shipton's notion of “ideologies of attachment,” the chapter examines the ways and extent to which Maya families deployed agrarian rituals to embed identity in wealth and secure its intergenerational transmission. An archaeological case from pre-Hispanic Honduras is used to evaluate these ideas with data on settlement, land use, and ritual economy.
Carbon nanotube circuits: living with imperfections and variations

Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNFETs) can potentially provide significant energy-delay-product benefits compared to silicon CMOS. However, CNFET circuits are subject to several sources of imperfections. These imperfections lead to incorrect logic functionality and substantial circuit performance variations. Processing techniques alone are inadequate to overcome the challenges resulting from these imperfections. An imperfection-immune design methodology is required. We present an overview of imperfection-immune design techniques to overcome two major sources of CNFET imperfections: metallic Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT density variations.
The Inverse Phase Stability Problem as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem: Application to Materials Design

In general, the forward phase stability problem consists of mapping thermodynamic conditions (e.g., composition, temperature, pressure) to corresponding equilibrium states. In this paper, we instead focus on the generalized inverse phase stability problem (GIPSP) that deals with mapping a set of phase constitutions to a set of corresponding thermodynamic conditions. Specifically, we define the GIPSP as mapping of sets of phase constitution definitions in a multidimensional phase constitution search space to corresponding ranges of thermodynamic conditions. Mathematically, the solution to the GIPSP corresponds to all solutions to a continuous constraint satisfaction problem (CCSP). We present novel algorithms combining computational thermodynamics, evolutionary computation, and machine learning to approximate solution sets to the GIPSP as a CCSP. Some preliminary examples demonstrating the algorithms are presented. Moreover, the implications of the proposed framework for the larger problem of materials design are discussed, and future work is suggested.
Opportunities for Reducing Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) compliance costs: lessons from the Chesapeake Bay.

The Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program is an unprecedented opportunity to restore the Chesapeake Bay, yet program costs threaten to undermine its complete implementation. Analyses of Bay TMDL program design and implementation were used to relate program cost-effectiveness to choices in (1) compliance definitions, (2) geographic load allocations, and (3) approaches to engaging unregulated sources. A key finding was that many design choices require choosing an acceptable level of risk of achieving water quality outcomes, and a lack of data can lead to precautionary choices, which increase compliance costs. Furthermore, although some choices managed costs, others decisions may have reduced the potential for cost savings from water quality trading and payment programs. In particular, the choice by some states to distribute the portion of load reductions that improve water quality in the Bay mainstem to many small basins is likely to diminish the potential for market development or reduce f...
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWTH OF A FUNGUS ENDOPHYTE OF TALL FESCUE GRASS

The nutritional requirements of Acremonium coenophialum, a fungus endophyte of tall fescue, were examined in a semi-defined liquid medium. The fungus utilized several carbon sources including fructose, glucose, mannose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, sorbitol and mannitol. Trehalose and mannitol were excellent carbon sources. Nitrogen sources utilized by the endophyte included ammonium, arginine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, proline and serine. Undefined complex nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, soytone and tryptone supported excellent growth. In a defined medium the fungus exhibited a requirement for thiamine.