cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and affective components of Aad in a low motivation processing set

It was hypothesized that for television ads the cognitive and affective components of Aad would predict brand attitude in a low motivation processing set, and that the relative influence of the components would be a function of ad execution format. These hypotheses were supported, and it was found that the program context had little influence on the relationships. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A clinical evaluation of techniques to determine the combined width of the maxillary anterior teeth and the maxillary central incisor

Abstract In this study, techniques to determine the combined width of the maxillary anterior teeth and the maxillary central incisor widths were evaluated. Measurements were obtained from the dental casts of 45 men and 45 women and related to their intercommissural width, interalar width, bizygomatic width, sagittal cranial diameter, interbuccal frenum distance, philtrum width, and age. Correlation coefficients were calculated for all relationships.
Real time electricity demand response for sustainable manufacturing systems considering throughput bottleneck detection

Due to the growth of economy, electricity demands especially the peak power demands in the United State are expected to increase significantly in the next few decades. Since the infrastructure for the new capacity of generation, transmission, and distribution to satisfy this increasing demand is highly capital intensive, demand response, concerning about shifting or curtailing the electricity demand during peak periods with high cost, is thought to be a critical and inexpensive load management technique by both academia and industry. Compared with the studies in long-term production scheduling and planning to smooth out peaks and valleys of the electricity demand for manufacturing systems, research about real time electricity demand response under the constraints of system throughput is rare. In this paper, a heuristic method considering throughput bottleneck detection for real time demand response under the production constraint is introduced. The numerical case studies yield promising results which indicate the great potential and feasibility of reducing power demand during the peak period without negative impact on system throughput.
Teaching NeuroImages: hypomelanosis of Ito.

A 2-year-old girl presented with developmental delay. Examination revealed height, weight, and head circumference above the 95th percentile, appendicular hypotonia, right hemibody hypopigmented lesions following the lines of Blaschko, and right hypopigmented iris (figure, A and B). EEG showed disorganized background. Genetic microarray was normal.
Choosing Wisely: Adherence by Physicians to Recommended Use of Spirometry in the Diagnosis and Management of Adult Asthma

Abstract Purpose The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) and the American Thoracic Society provide guidelines stating that physicians should use spirometry in the diagnosis and management of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends, over a 10-year period, in the utilization of spirometry in patients newly diagnosed with asthma. We hypothesized that spirometry use would increase in physicians who care for asthma patients, especially since 2007, when the revised NAEPP guidelines were published. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis of spirometry use in subjects newly diagnosed with asthma used a privately insured adult population for the years 2002-2011. Our primary outcome of interest was spirometry performed within a year (± 365 days) of the initial date of asthma diagnosis. We also examined the type of asthma medications prescribed. Results In all, 134,208 patients were found to have a diagnosis of asthma. Only 47.6% had spirometry performed within 1 year of diagnosis. Younger patients, males, and those residing in the Northeast were more likely to receive spirometry. Spirometry use began to decline in 2007. Patients cared for by specialists were more likely to receive spirometry than those cared for by primary care physicians; 80.1% vs 23.3%, respectively. Lastly, even without spirometry, a significant portion of patients (78.3%) was prescribed asthma drugs. Conclusions Our study suggests that spirometry is underutilized in newly diagnosed asthma patients. Moreover, the use of controller medications in those diagnosed with asthma without spirometry remains high.
Zonation by Size as an Adaptation for Intertidal Life in Olivella biplicata

SYNOPSIS. In many intertidal species, size-distributions vary with elevation of the beach. When this pattern is the result of behavior, it is appropriate to investigate its adaptive significance. In Olivella biplicata larger animals live higher on the shore and smaller ones lower. The inclusion of a bottom-swimming larval stage in the life history may enable new young to reach the lower shore, while settled snails segregate by size in response to light. These responses carry smaller animals to levels of the shore where physiological stresses lie within their range of tolerances. In moving higher on the shore, the larger snails, whose physiological tolerances are broader, exploit additional resources and reduce intraspecific competition. The size-class distribution also facilitates reproduction and augments a non-random mating pattern. Possible further values of the pattern of distribution are considered, e.g., a widened intertidal range may enable populations to survive violent fluctuations in the physical environment.
Leverage2: interfunctional co‐ordination between logistics and information technology

Presents a conceptual framework and a set of research hypotheses that are intended to help explain the interfunctional co‐ordination between the logistics and information technology functions. Much has been written over the past decade regarding the strategic potential of the logistics and information technology functions for creating customer value, process efficiencies, and differential advantage for the firm. Additionally, the interrelationships that exist within business organizations have received considerable discussion within the literature. However, little attention has been paid to the co‐ordination of the logistics and information technology functions. The framework presented is based on a combined review of the logistics, information technology, and interfunctional co‐ordination literature. The constructs of interaction and collaboration are utilized to explain how differing levels of interfunctional co‐ordination affect the firm’s logistics information system. Initial support for the conceptual framework is provided by qualitative research. Finally, research results and concluding comments on implications for practitioners and future research are discussed.
Identification of spin trapped carbon-centered radicals in soybean lipoxygenase-dependent peroxidations of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by LC/ESR, LC/MS, and tandem MS

With the combined techniques of on-line liquid chromatography/electron spin resonance (LC/ESR) and on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), we have previously characterized all classes of lipid-derived carbon-centered radicals (*Ld) formed from omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs: linoleic acid and arachidonic acid). In the present study, the carbon-centered radicals formed from two omega-3 PUFAs (linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) resulting from their reactions with soybean lipoxygenase in the presence of alpha-[4-pyridyl 1-oxide]-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) were investigated using the combination of LC/ESR and LC/MS techniques. A total of 16 POBN trapped carbon-centered radicals formed from the peroxidation of linolenic acid and 11 formed from the peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid were detected by LC/ESR, identified by LC/MS, and structurally confirmed by tandem mass analysis (MS/MS). The on-line ESR chromatograms and MS chromatograms obtained from two omega-3 PUFAs closely resembled each other not only because the four major beta-scission products, including an ethyl radical and three isomeric pentenyl radicals, were formed from each PUFA, but also because isomeric POBN adducts of lipid dihydroxyallylic radicals from both PUFAs had almost identical chromatographic retention times.
Eosinophils and fibroblasts: the medium in the mesenchyme.

The capacity of mesenchymal cells to synthesize and secrete cytokines that promote the growth and maturation of myeloid cells is important not only for the early development of these leukocytes but also for their functioning as mature cells. Ini­ tial studies of the cytokines released by mesenchymal cells focused on cytokines with roles in stimulating the develop­ ment of lineages of bone marrow-derived leukocytes. These cytokines are granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and macrophagecolony stimulating factor (M-CSF) (1). The release of these myeloid-active cytokines within the intramedullary locale of the marrow would provide requisite growth-promoting activities for leukocytes early in their lifespan as they are induced to develop and differentiate. In addition to the roles of the myeloid-active cytokines within the microenvironment of the bone marrow, recogni­ tion that the effects of these cytokines extend outside of the marrow is also important for several reasons. First, while leukocytes develop within the marrow, they function in the blood and tissues. Second, many of the cytokines active in promoting maturation of myeloid cells are now recognized to effect the functional capabilities of these leukocytes after they have matured. Third, roles exist for mesenchymal cells as sources of cytokines released locally within these ex­ tramedullary tissues. The eosinophil, like the neutrophil, develops within the marrow. Three cytokines, GM-CSF, interleukin 3 (IL-3), and interleukin 5 (IL-5), are currently recognized to be ac­ tive early in the life of the eosinophil in promoting eosino­ philopoiesis (2). After leaving the marrow, the eosinophilic leukocyte circulates in the blood. While this circulating pool of blood eosinophils is readily available for enumeration (and for investigation), once the eosinophil leaves the blood­ stream its fate and functions are less certain. By analogy with the neutrophil, the eosinophil has been assumed to be a short-lived, endstage effector cell with little or no capacity for protein synthesis; however, these assumptions about the
Patients with sulfonamide antimicrobial “allergy”: Are they able to tolerate sulfonamide-containing non-antimicrobial agents?☆

Abstract Rationale The clinical significance of potential cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and other sulfonamide-containing medications is uncertain. Pharmacy records were surveyed to determine whether patients with a history of sulfonamide antimicrobial adverse reactions were prescribed other sulfonamide-containing non-antimicrobials and, if so, whether these patients experienced adverse reactions to those agents. Methods All inpatients and outpatients at Parkland Memorial Hospital with reported sulfonamide “allergy” were retrospectively cross-referenced with an extensive list of potentially cross-reactive drugs dispensed by the pharmacy over the past 8 years. Pharmacy records of adverse reactions to these non-antimicrobial sulfonamides were also surveyed. Results This search generated 247 drug dispensations in 215 patients, of whom 25 (11.6%) received medications from more than 1 class. Despite reporting a sulfonamide antimicrobial adverse reaction, each patient received 1 to 3 of the following sulfonamides: a sulfonylurea, thiazide, loop diuretic, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, triptan, celecoxib, amprenavir, or dapsone (a sulfone). Four adverse reactions were listed (1.6% of drug dispensations), one each to glyburide, sumatriptan, furosemide, and celecoxib; none were serious or life-threatening. While a system establishing absence of cross-reactions in patients was not available, 80% of drugs were refilled at least once, suggesting they were tolerated. Conclusions In general, patients who report a sulfonamide “allergy” can safely receive a wide variety of potentially cross-reactive non-antimicrobial sulfonamides, as suggested by repeated dispensations in most, lack of serious reported adverse reactions, and low incidence of reported adverse reactions. Future prospective studies should be undertaken to confirm the trends observed here.
Unequal Opportunities: A Profile of the Distribution of Special Education Teachers

This study profiles the qualifications and preparation of special educators from the 2003–2004 Schools and Staffing Survey and investigates their relationship with teaching in a high-poverty school. Based on Berne and Stiefel’s (1984) equal opportunity standard, students with disabilities in high-poverty schools are not provided an equitable education. The results echo state accountability reports that document a shortage of special education teachers meeting the highly qualified teacher standards in high-poverty schools and other research studies on the uneven distribution of teachers. Policies such as alternative certification programs, economic incentives, and induction programs aimed at recruiting and retaining qualified, prepared special educators are considered along with ideas for future research.
Disease patterns and tissue cytokine profiles in giant cell arteritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether clinical heterogeneity in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) is correlated with different patterns in the tissue-specific inflammatory response. METHODS Twenty-three patients with typical histomorphologic findings of GCA were grouped according to the presence or absence of jaw claudication and/or visual abnormalities, fever, concomitant polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and histologic evidence of giant cell formation. The inflammatory response in temporal artery biopsy specimens was characterized by semiquantification of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, followed by oligonucleotide hybridization with cytokine-specific probes. Clinical patterns were then correlated with profiles of tissue cytokines. RESULTS Inflammatory cytokines were expressed in all temporal artery tissues. In situ synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), and IL-1 beta mRNA, but not of IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA, distinguished different patterns of inflammation, and these patterns correlated with clinical manifestations of the disease. Patients with evidence of ischemic symptoms, indicated by jaw claudication and/or visual symptoms, typically expressed higher concentrations of IFN gamma mRNA (P = 0.008) and IL-1 beta mRNA (P = 0.02). Presence of fever was correlated with lower copy numbers of IFN gamma (P = 0.02). Formation of giant cells in the granulomatous infiltrates was associated with the local synthesis of IFN gamma mRNA (P = 0.003). Tissue from GCA patients with concomitant PMR contained higher levels of IL-2 mRNA transcripts (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Variations in the clinical presentation of GCA were correlated with cytokine mRNA expression in the affected temporal arteries. Differences in the effector functions of tissue-infiltrating T cells distinguished disease patterns in which either local ischemic symptoms or systemic involvement was dominant, or in which there was co-occurrence of PMR. Definition of different patterns of inflammation in GCA might, therefore, facilitate the design of differentiated therapeutic approaches.
Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk Assessment: A Review

Both environmental factors and an inherited predisposition influence carcinogenesis. The direct role of inheritance in the development of cancer is evident in familial cancer syndromes. These syndromes predispose to cancer through the inheritance of a mutation in a single gene in affected carriers. While many inherited cancer syndromes are rare, an inherited predisposition is directly responsible for 5%-10% of all colon and breast cancers. Complex multigenic inheritance plays an important role in cancer predisposition for the population at large. The identification of genes responsible for an inherited predisposition to colon and breast cancer syndromes has directed public attention to genetic testing for susceptibility to cancer. Assays are currently available to determine individual susceptibility to specific cancers. Cancer genetic testing is currently a time-consuming and complex procedure which requires expertise in its application, interpretation, and follow-up strategic planning. This review discusses cancer genetics and its application to individual and family cancer risk assessment with particular emphasis on breast and colon cancer.
The natural history and outcomes for thoracic and abdominal penetrating aortic ulcers

Objective The objective of this report was to define the natural history of penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs) in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Methods Data from consecutive patients with PAU from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed for anatomic changes. End points analyzed were changes in size, development of symptoms or signs of rupture, morbidity, and mortality. Results Ninety-three patients were identified; 57 were followed up with two or more CT studies 3 months apart (group 1), and 20 had immediate repair (group 2). Sixteen had one CT scan and no intervention or follow-up and were excluded from analysis. In group 1, mean age was 75 years (29 men, 28 women), with 28 descending thoracic aorta and 29 abdominal aorta PAUs. Fifty patients were asymptomatic, whereas five had pain and two had emboli. Mean follow-up was 38 months (range, 3-108 months). Ulcer growth rate was as follows: length, 2.0 mm/y; depth, 1.2 mm/y; and aortic diameter, 2.2 mm/y. Thirteen (23%) went on to repair at a mean of 37 months after diagnosis because of size (54%; 7/13), rapid growth (31%; 4/13), and high-risk morphology (15%; 2/13). During surveillance, 11 patients died, 10 of unrelated causes, and 1 of rupture after refusing repair. All repairs in group 1 were endovascular. The 30-day surgical mortality was 0%. One patient had an access site complication requiring bypass after descending thoracic aorta PAU repair. At a mean follow-up of 32 months, all ulcers were excluded on CT; one (8%) had a type II endoleak. Group 2 included 13 men and seven women with a mean age of 70 years, with 12 descending thoracic and eight abdominal aorta PAUs. Repair indications were rupture (n = 3), symptoms (n = 10), or size (n = 7) and included one open and 19 endovascular repairs with 0% 30-day mortality. Major complications (3/20; 15%) included myocardial infarction, access site disruption, and hematoma; four of 20 patients had type II endoleaks. Conclusions PAU growth rate and risk of rupture are low. Endovascular repair of symptomatic, ruptured, and large PAUs is safe and effective with excellent long-term results. For asymptomatic PAUs, serial CT surveillance is associated with a low rate of rupture or complications.
Search for antibodies to galactocerebroside in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in human demyelinating disorders

To determine if galactocerebroside (GalC) is a target antigen in the human demyelinating disorders multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and chronic demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy, we examined the serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with these disorders and from control subjects using four assay systems. In none of these assays could we detect significant differences in anti-GalC antibody titer between patients with demyelinating diseases and normal subjects or patients with other neurological disorders. Our data suggest that there is no humoral immune response to GalC in human demyelinating disorders.
Enhanced tau lepton signatures at LHC in the constrained supersymmetric seesaw model

We discuss the possible enhancement of the tau lepton events, with the emphasis on the signals with three or more hadronic taus, at LHC when the left-handed stau doublet becomes light or even lighter than the right-handed one. This is the natural outcome of the supersymmetric seesaw models where the slepton doublet mass is suppressed by the effects of a large neutrino Yukawa coupling. We study a few representative parameter sets in the sneutrino coannihilation regions where the tau sneutrino is next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and the stau coannihilation regions where the stau is next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle both of which yield the thermal neutralinolightest supersymmetric particle abundance determined by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.
Characterization of a second helical amylose modification

From x-ray diffraction data, a pseudohexagonal unit cell with a = b = 14.94 A. and c = 7.93 A. has been obtained for partially dried precipitate of amylose and tertiary butyl alcohol. Geometrical considerations establish a helical amylose configuration which has seven glucose residues per helix turn.
Religious involvement and depressive symptoms in primary care elders.

Background. Multiple lines of evidence indicate relationships between religious involvement and depression, although the specific nature of the relationships is yet to be clarified. Moreover, there appear to be no well controlled longitudinal studies to date examining this issue in primary care elders. Method. The authors assessed the linear and non-linear relationships between three commonly identified types of religious involvement and observer-rated depressive symptoms in 709 primary care elders assessed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Results. Cross-sectional analyses revealed a curvilinear, U-shaped association between depressive symptoms and organizational religious activity, an inverse linear relationship of depressive symptoms with private religious involvement, and a positive relationship of depressive symptoms with intrinsic religiosity. Longitudinal analyses revealed a U-shaped association between depressive symptoms and private religious involvement, such that those reporting moderate levels of private religiosity at baseline evidenced lower levels of depressive symptoms at 1-year follow-up than those reporting either high or low levels of private religious activity. Conclusions. The relationships between religious involvement and depression in primary care elders are complex and dependent on the type of religiosity measured. The authors found the strongest evidence for an association of non-organizational, private religious involvement and the severity of depressive symptoms, although further study is warranted using carefully controlled longitudinal designs that test for both linear and curvilinear relationships.
Community effectiveness of stove and health education interventions for reducing exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in four Chinese provinces

Indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass and coal is a leading cause of mortality and disease burden in the developing world. There is limited evidence of the community effectiveness of interventions for reducing IAP exposure. We conducted a community-based intervention study of stove and health education interventions in four low-income Chinese provinces: Gansu, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. Separate townships in one county in each province were assigned to stove plus behavioral interventions, behavioral interventions alone, and control. Data on household fuel and stove use, and on concentrations of respirable particles (RPM), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), were collected in peak and late heating seasons before and after interventions. The effectiveness of interventions was evaluated using difference-in-difference analysis. Pollutant concentrations were also measured in controlled tests, in which stoves were operated by expert users. In controlled tests, there was consistent and substantial reduction in concentrations of RPM (>88%) and CO (>66%); in the two coal-using provinces, SO2 concentrations declined more in Shaanxi than in Guizhou. In community implementation, combined stove and behavioral interventions reduced the concentrations of pollutants in rooms where heating was the main purpose of stove use in the peak heating season, with smaller, non-significant, reduction in late heating season. Gansu was the only province where combined stove and behavioral interventions led to pollution reduction where cooking was the primary purpose of stove use. Compared to the control group, no significant IAP reductions were seen in groups with health education alone.
New evidence for coupled clock regulation of the normal automaticity of sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells: Bradycardic effects of ivabradine are linked to suppression of intracellular Ca2 + cycling

Beneficial clinical bradycardic effects of ivabradine (IVA) have been interpreted solely on the basis of If inhibition, because IVA specifically inhibits If in sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells (SANC). However, it has been recently hypothesized that SANC normal automaticity is regulated by crosstalk between an "M clock," the ensemble of surface membrane ion channels, and a "Ca(2+) clock," the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We tested the hypothesis that crosstalk between the two clocks regulates SANC automaticity, and that indirect suppression of the Ca(2+) clock further contributes to IVA-induced bradycardia. IVA (3 μM) not only reduced If amplitude by 45 ± 6% in isolated rabbit SANC, but the IVA-induced slowing of the action potential (AP) firing rate was accompanied by reduced SR Ca(2+) load, slowed intracellular Ca(2+) cycling kinetics, and prolonged the period of spontaneous local Ca(2+) releases (LCRs) occurring during diastolic depolarization. Direct and specific inhibition of SERCA2 by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) had effects similar to IVA on LCR period and AP cycle length. Specifically, the LCR period and AP cycle length shift toward longer times almost equally by either direct perturbations of the M clock (IVA) or the Ca(2+) clock (CPA), indicating that the LCR period reports the crosstalk between the clocks. Our numerical model simulations predict that entrainment between the two clocks that involves a reduction in INCX during diastolic depolarization is required to explain the experimentally AP firing rate reduction by IVA. In summary, our study provides new evidence that a coupled-clock system regulates normal cardiac pacemaker cell automaticity. Thus, IVA-induced bradycardia includes a suppression of both clocks within this system.
Can speculative bubbles be managed? An institutional approach

These two quotes may be seen as bookends to the bubble economy of the last decade or so. They indicate the Federal Reserve's reluctance to inhibit the irrational exuberance of investors at the beginning and its alarm that, after the fact, market forces had allowed two successive bubbles to happen at all. This faith in the judgment of the market and self-interest of bankers as a self-regulating force is referred to as market fundamentalism in this essay. Market fundamentalism, I argue, is poorly suited to diagnose or prescribe a remedy for bubbles. I argue further that it is market funda mentalism that underlies the Fed's role in inflating the bubble economy and its reluctance to restrain it. My goal is to explore how such an ideology was adopted and the confluence of ideas, interests and events that explain its adoption. The underlying premise of the essay is institutional, i.e. that organizations are constituted by the narratives, logics of action and ideologies that exist in a particular field (Phillips et al., 2004). My argument relies on work in organizational and historical institutionalism that shows how economic and managerial theories come to be adopted in both private and public sector policy-making (Campbell, 1998; Guillen, 1994; Flail, 1989; Weir and Skocpol, 1985). Following Campbell (1998), the argument shows how an idea, in this case market fundamentalism, can both constrain and enable the policy-making process. Although this argument has echoes of Keynes's famous obser vation that policy-makers 'are often the slaves of some defunct economist' (Keynes, 1936: 383), it does not grant sole influence to talented academics and their ideas. Rather, it explores how the choice of ideas adopted may be affected also by the nature of national political discourse, the receptiveness of state structures and the goals of ruling political parties. These institutional pres sures, when taken together, help to explain why a bubble economy may still occur despite the existence of the knowledge and organizational capacity needed to inhibit it. This essay is organized around three questions: What do we know about speculative bubbles? Why do they still occur? Can they be managed? Before proceeding to explore the latter two ques tions, however, 1 introduce various analytic perspectives that have been used to explain speculative bubbles. For our purposes, bubbles will be defined simply as a condition in which 'prices are high...
A Quick Method for Definitively Diagnosing Phenylketonuria by Detection of Urinary o-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Increased urinary excretion of o -hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a generally accepted sign of phenylketonuria. Most reported methods for measuring this metabolite require 24 h. We describe a procedure for its separation in 90 min by thin-layer chromatography. Thus, essential dietary therapy is speeded.
The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States.

Background: Understanding the causes of failure and the types of revision total hip arthroplasty performed is essential for guiding research, implant design, clinical decision-making, and health-care policy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms of failure and the types of revision total hip arthroplasty procedures performed in the United States with use of newly implemented ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) diagnosis and procedure codes related specifically to revision total hip arthroplasty in a large, nationally representative population. Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to analyze clinical, demographic, and economic data from 51,345 revision total hip arthroplasty procedures performed between October 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006. The prevalence of revision procedures was calculated for population subgroups in the United States that were stratified according to age, sex, diagnosis, census region, primary payer class, and type of hospital. The cause of failure, the average length of stay, and total charges were also determined for each type of revision arthroplasty procedure. Results: The most common type of revision total hip arthroplasty procedure performed was all-component revision (41.1%), and the most common causes of revision were instability/dislocation (22.5%), mechanical loosening (19.7%), and infection (14.8%). Revision total hip arthroplasty procedures were most commonly performed in large, urban, nonteaching hospitals for Medicare patients seventy-five to eighty-four years of age. The average length of hospital stay for all types of revision arthroplasties was 6.2 days, and the average total charges were $54,553. However, the average length of stay, average charges, and procedure frequencies varied considerably according to census region, hospital type, and type of revision total hip arthroplasty procedure performed. Conclusions: Hip instability and mechanical loosening are the most common indications for revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. As further experience is gained with the new diagnosis and procedure codes specifically related to revision total hip arthroplasty, this information will be valuable in directing future research, implant design, and clinical decision-making. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An improved lower bound for bayesian network structure learning

Several heuristic search algorithms such as A* and breadth-first branch and bound have been developed for learning Bayesian network structures that optimize a scoring function. These algorithms rely on a lower bound function called static k-cycle conflict heuristic in guiding the search to explore the most promising search spaces. The heuristic takes as input a partition of the random variables of a data set; the importance of the partition opens up opportunities for further research. This work introduces a new partition method based on information extracted from the potentially optimal parent sets (POPS) of the variables. Empirical results show that the new partition can significantly improve the efficiency and scalability of heuristic search-based structure learning algorithms.
Order Peramelemorphia—Eimeriidae

This chapter summarizes what we know about the eimeriid coccidia described from the marsupial order Peramelemorphia. This is a small order composed now of only 2 extant families (one monotypic family is extinct), and 7 extant genera with 19 named species, all of which are omnivores. These are mostly nocturnal mammals called bandicoot, bilby, and echymiperas. Only two species in the order, Isoodon obesulus urita and Perameles bougainville , have ever been examined for coccidia, and a different Eimeria species has been named from each. The only information known about these eimerians is the structure of their sporulated oocysts. Nothing is known about any aspect of the biology of either.
Advancements in Ultrasonic Imaging for Materials Testing

Ultrasonic scanning and imaging of the subsurface materials features is commonly used for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) purposes. Formation and interpretation of the ultrasonic scan images is often complex and hidden process involving signal processing and wave propagation issues. In composites and in multilayer complex structures the image presentation and data interpretation is dependent on proper acoustical signal analysis and processing. Frequency dependent attenuation and sound path distortion due to material in-homogeneity directly influence imaging process. Furthermore, different scanning transducer types render different acoustical information and imaging fidelity 1,2. This work assesses conventional immersion and contact ultrasonic methods performance versus liquid jet and non-contact trunsduction methods for materials imaging applications.
Making Games for Health Engaging: The Influence of Cognitive Skills.

Abstract Objective: Serious games for health care are on the rise. These games are thought to be effective because they can provide information in a context that is engaging. However, it is likely that game-based health training is most effective for a subset of people with specific skills, traits, and experiences. Understanding the factors associated with optimum game outcomes will help us better describe the learners for whom they are appropriate. Toward this end, the present study examined specific cognitive skills related to the achievement of flow state while playing a game for health. Materials and Methods: In total, 59 college students were recruited from undergraduate classes to play a game for health and were assessed on levels of mindfulness, cognitive flexibility, and flow state. Results: The results suggest that the effect of cognitive flexibility on flow changes as a function of mindfulness. More specifically, the results suggest that there is a negative relationship between cognitive flexibi...
Histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease NHEJ both by acetylation of repair factors and trapping of PARP1 at DNA double-strand breaks in chromatin

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins, and modulate the acetylation of proteins involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is one of the main pathways for repairing DSBs. Decreased NHEJ activity has been reported with HDACi treatment. However, mechanisms through which these effects are regulated in the context of chromatin are unclear. We show that pan-HDACi, trichostatin A (TSA), causes differential acetylation of DNA repair factors Ku70/Ku80 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1), and impairs NHEJ. Repair effects are reversed by treatments with p300/CBP inhibitor C646, with significantly decreased acetylation of PARP1. In keeping with these findings, TSA treatment significantly increases PARP1 binding to DSBs in chromatin. Notably, AML patients treated with HDACi entinostat (MS275) in vivo also show increased formation of poly ADP-ribose (PAR) that co-localizes with DSBs. Further, we demonstrate that PARP1 bound to chromatin increases with duration of TSA exposure, resembling PARP "trapping". Knockdown of PARP1 inhibits trapping and mitigates HDACi effects on NHEJ. Finally, combination of HDACi with potent PARP inhibitor talazoparib (BMN673) shows a dose-dependent increase in PARP "trapping", which correlates with increased apoptosis. These results provide a mechanism through which HDACi inhibits deacetylation and increases binding of PARP1 to DSBs, leading to decreased NHEJ and cytotoxicity of leukemia cells.
Paramecium polycaryum, sp. nov

The several species of the genus Paramecium naturally fall into two groups: one with the general cell form represented by P. aurelia, P. caudatum, and P. multimicronucleata (aurelia group), and the other by P. bursaria, P. putrinum and P. calkinsi (bursaria group). Within each of these groups the species are distinguished chiefly by micronuclear structure and number. One type of micronuclear structure (caudatum type) occurs in P. caudatum and P. bursaria, and P. putrinum; the other (aurelia type) in P. aurelia, P. multimicronucleata and P. calkinsi. Species with the “caudatum type” possess a single micronucleus while those with the “aurelia type” possess two (P. aurelia, P. calkinsi) or several (P. multimicronucleata).1The present paper records the discovery, on November 29, 1922, in some material collected in Louisiana, of a Paramecium characterized by the general body form of the “bursaria group” and the micronuclear structure of the “aurelia type,” but possessing several (three to eight) micronuclei. I...
Geometric changes in ventriculoaortic complex after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and its association with post-procedural prosthesis–patient mismatch: an intraprocedural 3D-TEE study

Aims Prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) leads to increased mortality. However, its peri-procedural determinants remain unknown. We investigated geometric changes in aortic annulus (AoA) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) during TAVR by three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) and its association with post-procedural PPM. Methods and results A total of 131 patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent intraprocedural 3D-TEE during balloon-expandable TAVR. The severity of PPM was graded using the indexed effective orifice area calculated by Doppler echocardiography at discharge, with moderate defined as ≥0.65 and ≤0.85 cm2/m2 and severe defined as 86.3% had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 44% for the prevention of severe PPM. Conclusion 3D-TEE can evaluate geometric changes in AoA and LVOT during balloon-expandable TAVR and predicts post-procedural PPM.
Asynchronous Swaying Character and Prevention Measures in the Compact Overhead Transmission Line

Aiming to the issue of windage yaw flashover fault caused by asynchronous swaying between the phases in compact overhead transmission line,the calculation model of conductor system was set up through the combined wind load model and operating experience of transmission lines.By using the unconditional stable Newmark method and load-increment method,the nonlinear dynamic response for asynchronous swaying in compact transmission lines was researched.The character of asynchronous swaying was obtained after analyzing the conductor nonlinear response of different wind load model,and the corresponding prevention measures and configuration of interphase spacers was given.The research results indicate that there is a better consistency between the calculation results with operation experiences;the prevention measures of control asynchronous swaying are effective,and ensure the safe and stable operation of transmission line.The result can provide the design foundation for the windage yaw flashover of the compact transmission,and the design based on combinatory wind model can reduce the configuration number of interphase spacers and line project cost.
Neurologic issues in eclampsia.

La preeclampsie-eclampsie est un trouble complexe mettant en jeu plusieurs systemes avec le risque de sequelles irreversibles. Des lesions du systeme nerveux central sont responsables de la plupart de la mortalite. Des neurologues peuvent contribuent largement a la prise en charge de l'eclampsie. Dans une consultation multidisciplinaire avec des collegues obstetriciens, ils s'interessent a l'investigation des accidents vasculaires cerebrales et a la prise en charge des crises epileptiques et de l'augmentation de la pression intracranienne. En cas d'eclampsie au debut de grossesse, ils etudient la gravite et la nature des troubles neurologiques permettant a l'obstetricien de mieux determiner la necessite d'une interruption de grossesse ou d'un accouchement retarde. Des etudes multicentriques recentes ont demontre l'effet benefique de sulfate de magnesium par rapport au phenytoine ou au diazepam pour la prevention des crises epileptiques, bien que plusieurs questions restent sans reponse. Ceci montre la necessite de recherche fundamentale sur la physiopathologie des crises et les composants vasospastiques de l'eclampsie pour mieux cemer les problemes et determiner un traitement optimal. Un modele animal approprie est necessaire pour tester de telles therapies.
Artificial Organs | Pancreas

Improving insulin delivery to patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) holds significant promise for reducing long-term complications and improving the quality of life of diabetics. The methods being pursued include minimally invasive or noninvasive glucose sensors, which facilitate measurements of blood glucose levels and help improve compliance; development of artificial pancreas systems comprised of a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin infusion pump, and a controller/control algorithm in a closed-loop configuration, which may deliver the appropriate amount of insulin with little attendance from the patient; and therapies based on implantation of living insulin-secreting cells or of tissue substitutes containing such cells. The latter may be considered as the next-generation therapies for diabetics, but require advancements in critical technologies before they are brought to the clinic. Cells that may be used include pancreatic islets, engineered non-β pancreatic cells, cells from the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells, or even  cell lines. Different cell types pose different challenges, ranging from engineering immune acceptance to ensuring expression of sufficient levels of insulin and of insulin secretion in response to glucose. This article critically reviews the current state and future challenges of artificial pancreas and of the cell- and tissue-based therapies for IDD.
The Challenge of E Pluribus Unum

What does the ethnic diversity of the United States imply for its national identity? This question has been asked repeatedly since America’s founding, but the ongoing demographic transformation of the country gives it renewed significance. What are the implications of this increased cultural diversity for e pluribus unum , the creation of one out of many in a nation of immigrants? Has it unleashed unmanageable centrifugal forces? Does the country need new psychological glue to hold a multiethnic polity together in the twenty-first century? In this chapter, we contrast the solutions for managing America’s diversity given by three normative perspectives: cosmopolitan liberalism, nativism, and multiculturalism. We concentrate on how these conceptions strike the balance between group and national identities, how they view the role of the state in responding to the demands of a new array of minorities, and how the implications of their proposed policies may affect national solidarity. The Liberal Consensus and Its Critics Almost seventy years ago, a united nation emerged victorious from a great war. Commitment to a common culture seemed to be taken for granted. No political movement then seriously challenged the ideal of e pluribus unum symbolized by the image of the melting pot. Published in 1955, Louis Hartz’s The Liberal Tradition in America provided the dominant scholarly interpretation of American political culture for years to come. This normative view, which we label cosmopolitan liberalism , emphasized that America’s core identity is ideological, not ethnic, not limited to a particular people. For Hartz, as for de Tocqueville and many other commentators, Americanism is a civil religion, a creed comprising belief in the values of democracy, individualism, liberty, equality, and property rights. Hartz, Seymour Martin Lipset, and others also argued that the firm grip of this liberal tradition helps explain the exceptionalism of the country’s politics – the lack of a strong socialist party, the weakness of the labor movement, the acceptance of economic inequality, and the boundaries on government action that limited the development of the welfare state. But the creedal definition of American identity implicitly was inclusive: anyone could belong to America if he or she embraced the civil religion, spoken in English.
Computational Approach to Designing Antibody for Ebola Virus

Recent advances in nano-engineered delivery systems have made short peptides a potentially powerful class of precision therapy against infectious disease. A conceptual basis for antiviral therapy is to deliver a peptide that mimics antibody binding to a surface protein of the virus, thus preventing the virus from deploying its cell-entry mechanism. The question we address is whether computational simulation methods are sufficiently accurate and efficient to be of use in designing and redesigning peptide synthetic antibody therapy against a continually evolving viral pathogen. For proof of concept we consider surface glycoproteins of two strains of Ebola virus (Zaire and Sudan) and peptide sequences derived from the antibodies of two resistant individuals, one resistant to Zaire and the other to Sudan. Specifically, using the crystal structures of the available Sudan and Zaire Ebola viral glycoproteins (GP) bound to the respective antibodies (AB), we have performed an extensive set of molecular dynamic simulations on these structures and other structures obtained through mutations. By post-processing the RMSD and energetics of AB-GP interacting residues, we found a correlation between the residues which are highly interactive in binding of GP to AB. In addition to more favorable binding energies, we see that the RMSD of the interacting structures obtained from survivors GP-AB are quite lower compared to other mutated AB/GPs. Our findings and the computational recipe developed here for general antibody design can facilitate therapy of current and possibly next generations of viruses. The necessary computational resources are significant but not prohibitive. They are widely available now and will be even more available in the foreseeable future.
The Banned Voice

The history of the friendship between Jung and Freud from 1906 to 1913 has been generally known, but the publication of The Freud/Jung Letters in 1974 revealed more of the inside story.1 Jung first wrote to Freud to praise his innovative psychoanalytic ideas and to present his own paper on something new: word association experiments. Freud at that point was fifty and securely established, if controversial. He had laid the foundations of psychoanalysis, and gathered the loyal together into a group. Jung himself was thirty-one, chief assistant to the prominent Bleuler in Zurich, and had already gained his reputation by developing the technique of the word association test that he used to detect the presence of what he later termed ‘complexes’. If the two men were not exactly on equal footing, still Jung had his own assured standing.