cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lung Parenchymal Tissue Stiffness in Fibrosis and Cellular Responses to Substrate Stiffness

Stiffening of the lung parenchyma is one of the cardinal features of progressive pulmonary fibrosis, giving rise to a heterogeneous microenvironment with continuous gradients in stiffness. To define the local mechanical environment of the lung fibroblast, we directly measured the local elastic modulus and elasticity gradients of tissue strips from bleomycin treated mouse lung at the cellular scale using AFM force mapping technique. Elastographs revealed a heterogeneous spatial distribution of tissue stiffness with shear moduli ranging from 0.01 to 20 kPa in both normal and fibrotic lung. Fibrotic lung presented incremental stiffness and spatial heterogeneity. The median shear modulus shifted from 0.1 kPa in normal lung to 3 kPa in fibrotic lung. We then prepared a model system using 2D collagen-coated polyacrylamide substrates with stiffness gradients ranging from 0.1 to 50 kPa to study the role that local stiffness play in focusing fibroblast growth and activation. Human lung fibroblasts growing on stiffness gradients exhibited increased spatial density as substrate stiffness increased, suggesting that proliferation and/or migration responses on stiffness bias fibroblast accumulation to the stiffest region. Immunostaining indicated that stiffness increases focal adhesion size, alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, procollagen I expression, as well as the fibrogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on lung fibroblast. Together these results demonstrate that fibroblast accumulation and activation are biased to areas of increased substrate stiffness, and more importantly, that regional mechanical factors could underpin fibrotic progression in the lung through positive feedback loops of fibroblast recruitment and activation.
Active harmonic elimination for multilevel converters

This paper presents an active harmonic elimination method to eliminate any number of specific higher order harmonics of multilevel converters with equal or unequal dc voltages. First, resultant theory is applied to transcendental equations characterizing the harmonic content to eliminate low order harmonics and to determine switching angles for the fundamental frequency switching scheme and a unipolar switching scheme. Next, the residual higher order harmonics are computed and subtracted from the original voltage waveform to eliminate them. The simulation results show that the method can effectively eliminate the specific harmonics, and a low total harmonic distortion (THD) near sine wave is produced. An experimental 11-level H-bridge multilevel converter with a field programmable gate array controller is employed to implement the method. The experimental results show that the method does effectively eliminate any number of specific harmonics, and the output voltage waveform has low THD.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase overexpression in the L-type Ca2+ channel mouse results in cardiomyopathy and Ca2+ -induced arrhythmogenesis.

Background: Overexpression of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel α1C-subunit (L-VDCC OE) in transgenic mice results in adaptive hypertrophy followed by a maladaptive phase associated with a decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA)2a expression at 8 to 10 months of age. Overexpressing SERCA to manipulate calcium (Ca2+) cycling and prevent pathologic phenotypes in some models of heart failure has been proven to be a promising genetic strategy.Objective: In this study we investigated whether genetic manipulation that increases Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by overexpressing SERCA1a (skeletal muscle specific) into the L-VDCC OE background could restore or further deteriorate Ca2+ cycling, contractile dysfunction, and electrical remodeling in the heart failure phenotype.Results: We found that the survival rate of L-VDCC OE/SERCA1a OE double transgenic mice decreased by 50%. L-VDCC OE/SERCA1a OE mice displayed an accelerated phenotype of severe dilation of both...
A Cultural History of the American Revolution : Painting, Music, Literature, and the Theatre in the Colonies and the United States from the Treaty of Paris to the Inauguration of George Washington, 1763-1789

To read this book is a little like wandering into a shop that deals in early American antiques, kept by an antiquarian who knows and ioves his stock but is just as willing to sit down and gossip as to make a sale. The objects collected (in this case, facts about a half dozen of the principal arts and their provenience) are arranged on shelves according to their kind (china, glass, clocks, etc.) in strict chronological order but without other system. It opens, not with the Treaty of Paris, but with the Commencement on May 17, 1763 at the College of Philadelphia, and it concludes with an account of the gay ceremony of Washington's Inauguration in New York City on April 30, I789. It then proceeds, within fixed date limits, to offer short essays on political, social, and military history, painting and sculpture, dramatic productions, literature (principally poetry), and printing (especially magazines). Most of the facts concern life in the Atlantic seacoast towns from Boston to Charleston, which are sporadically occupied and enlivened by the British occupation while the American forces play a game of hide-and-seek in the hinterland. There is nothing about the crafts, the minor arts, architecture, education, or book circulation. It is all too easy to discuss the faults of such an offering (and I shall mention a few), but first I would like to express my debt to Mr. Silverman for several things: (i) his interdisciplinary approach brings to life what it meant to be a member of the American middle and upper classes during those formative years; (2) his kaleidoscopic method springs unexpected surprises of insight such as the addiction to dramatics of soldiers when not fighting, the parts played by women in colorful social activities, the whimsical and long life of the versatile Charles Willson Peale, the flight of the Hallam company to Jamaica during the hostilities, the parts played by itinerant miniature painters and voice teachers, the origins of church music and historical painting, etc.; (3) his constant rain of facts offers a challenge for philosophical inquiry into the relationship between wars (revolutionary and otherwise), society, and the arts in general, even though the author's own occasional ventures into generalizations on such subjects are timid and inconclusive; and (4) although there are excellent specialized histories on most of his avenues of study (Quinn on the drama, Larkin and Richardson on painting, Miller, Bridenbaugh, and others on intellectual and social history, etc.), Silverman seems to have bypassed most of them and gone back to primary or near-primary sources (manuscripts,
Electromyography of the buccal musculature of octopus (Octopus bimaculoides): a test of the function of the muscle articulation in support and movement.

SUMMARY The buccal mass musculature of the octopus ( Octopus bimaculoides ) was studied with electromyography to test the predictions of a previous morphological study in which we suggested that the muscles of the buccal mass serve as both the effectors of movement and as the joint itself, forming a new category of flexible joint termed a `muscle articulation9. The predictions of muscle function were tested by correlating muscle electrical activity in isolated buccal masses with spontaneous beak movements. Bipolar electromyography electrodes were implanted in the various beak muscles and beak position was recorded simultaneously with an electronic movement monitor ( N =14). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lateral mandibular muscles produce opening movements of the beaks and provide the first definitive explanation of the opening mechanism. The results are also consistent with the hypothesis that the superior mandibular muscle functions primarily in closing. Co-contraction of the lateral mandibular muscles and the superior mandibular muscles was also observed, suggesting that these muscles may also stabilize the beaks during movement or provide a means of controlling the location of the pivot between the beaks. This study provides an important first test of the predictions of the role of the complex musculature found in muscle articulations such as the cephalopod buccal mass.
Reinventing Courts as Democratic Institutions

Eighteenth-century constitutional commitments guaranteeing rights-to-remedies were shaped when members of the propertied classes were the prototypical litigants and governments' criminal justice systems were nascent. Twentieth-century egalitarian norms expanded the imagination of what justice could produce, and courts turned into sites of democracy. The particular and peculiar practices of adjudication produce, redistribute, and curb power among disputants who disagree in public about the import of legal rights. But new procedures—alternative dispute resolution (ADR)—encourage, and sometimes require, disputants to mediate or to arbitrate disputes privately as a predicate to or in lieu of using the public forum of courts. Some initiatives delegate adjudication to administrative tribunals, and others outsource binding decision-making to private providers. The resulting fragmentation and privatization of adjudication have profound implications for the newly minted democratic character of courts. The durabili...
Percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect and 3-dimensional echocardiography.

c l o r a a AN OTHERWISE HEALTHY 50-year-old man was scheduled for percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure with an Amplatzer Septal Occluder (AGA Medical Corp, Plymouth, MN). The patient initially had presented to an outside hospital 1 year earlier with an episode of chest pain at rest. A chest x-ray performed during that admission showed a widened mediastinum. A subsequent computed tomography scan and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a 2.1-cm wide secundum ASD (Fig 1) with a dilated right ventricle and moderately dilated right and left atria. The patient did not follow through with recommendations for a TEE and possible ASD closure and was lost to follow-up. A year later, he returned to the authors’ institution with a 6-month long history of dyspnea and episodic chest pain with moderate exertion that was relieved by rest. He underwent cardiac catheterization to assess for the presence of coronary artery disease, but which was negative for any flow-limiting lesions. Resting hemodynamics revealed normal right-sided pressures, and oxygen saturation measurements that were consistent with a left-to-right shunt (Qp/Qs 2.4). He subsequently was referred for ASD closure under TEE guidance. After an uneventful induction of general anesthesia, a TEE examination was performed using an IE-33 Ultrasound System X7-2E Probe (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA) capable of real-time 3-dimensional (3D) imaging.
The robustness of an admittance control law designed for force guided assembly to the disturbance of contact friction

The design of an admittance control law for reliable force-guided assembly is addressed. The overall objective is to design the manipulator's mechanical performance so that, at each possible bounded part misalignment, the contact force always leads to a motion that alleviates the misalignment. The implementation of such an approach using a single nominal velocity and a single admittance function is referred to as force-assembly. Previous work addressing force-assembly of a workpiece into a fixture has shown that when workpiece/fixture contact is frictionless there always exists an admittance control law that ensures the proper insertion of a workpiece into a deterministic future. The authors discuss the identification of the condition that must be satisfied for force-assembly with friction and the optimization of the admittance control law to obtain the maximum value of friction that satisfies the force-assembly conditions for a given workpiece-fixture combination. >
Secondary orbital tumors originating from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: Review of 71 cases

The ciinical, radiologic and histopathologic features of 71 paranasal sinus tumors with secondary orbital invasion are reviewed. Clinical signs and symptoms, primary site of the tumor, histopatholo...
Identification of the atypical L-type Ca2+ channel blocker Diltiazem and its metabolites as Ghrelin receptor agonists

Using a high-throughput functional screen, the atypical L-type Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem was discovered to be an agonist at the human ghrelin (GHSR1a) receptor. In cellular proliferation, Ca2+ mobilization, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET-2) assays, diltiazem was a partial agonist at GHSR1a receptors, with 50 to 80% relative efficacy compared with the GHSR1a peptide agonist GHRP-6, and high nanomolar to low micromolar potency, depending upon the assay. Seven of the known primary metabolites of diltiazem were synthesized, and three of them (MA, M1, and M2) were more efficacious and/or more potent than diltiazem at GHSR1a receptors, with a rank order of agonist activity of M2 > M1 > MA > diltiazem, whereas M4 and M6 metabolites displayed weak agonist activity, and the M8 and M9 metabolites were inactive. Binding affinities of diltiazem and these metabolites to GHSR1a receptors followed a similar rank order. In vivo tests showed that diltiazem and M2 each stimulated growth hormone release in male Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats, although to a lesser degree than GHRP-6. Thus, diltiazem and chemical analogs of diltiazem represent a new class of GHSR1a receptor agonists. The possible contributions of GHSR1a receptor activation to the clinical actions of diltiazem are discussed in the context of the known beneficial cardiovascular effects of ghrelin.
Packaging technology for IBM's latest mainframe computers (S/390/ES9000)

The IBM system 390/ES9000 mainframe computers are significantly enhanced by a set of packaging materials, glass ceramic and copper conductors. The substrate is based on the crystallization of an unique glass to form a glass-ceramic with a dielectric constant of 5.2 relative to 9.4 with the previous alumina material. The copper conductor exhibits a three-fold improvement in electrical conductivity over molybdenum used in the alumina vintage substrates. The thermal expansion of the substrate, 30*10/sup -7// degrees C, closely matches the silicon chip to which it is solder bonded, thereby enhancing the reliability of the 648 chip-to-substrate connections. A novel sintering process provides the industry's best dimensional control, and results in the closest placement of metal vias to date. The cooling technology has been enhanced to accommodate 16.7 W/cm/sup 2/. The design is comprised of a multifaceted cooling system and an attached cold plate. The model's ability to dissipate heat is augmented by use of oil rather than the helium used in previous models. >
An Evaluation of In-Advance Bandwidth Scheduling Algorithms for Connection-Oriented Networks

Several bandwidth management systems have been developed to reserve, in advance, dedicated connections for high-performance applications. We describe the in-advance reservation capabilities of these systems as well as the bandwidth scheduling and path computation algorithms used. An analytical and experimental evaluation of these algorithms also is provided. Our experiments indicate that for the fixed-slot problem, the minimum-hop feasible path algorithm proposed by us in [8] maximizes network utilization for large networks while the dynamic adaptive feasible path algorithm proposed in this paper does this for small networks.
Hospital Readmission: Quality Indicator or Statistical Inevitability?

* Abbreviations: LOS — : length of stay Hospital readmission rate has been a long-considered quality of care indicator in adult medicine, albeit with mixed reviews.1,2 As we begin to grapple with the quality significance and preventability of readmissions in pediatrics, however, we are outpaced by movement in the insurance industry. Section 3025 of the Affordable Care Act requires the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to reduce payments to hospitals with excess readmissions, effective for discharges beginning on October 1, 2012.3 Although the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services started with targeting only 3 adult diagnoses, they are currently considering expansion of the number of diagnoses for which reimbursement will be decreased for hospitals with high readmission rates, and that consideration includes pediatric diagnoses such as “pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus” (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, code 480.1).4 In this edition of Pediatrics , Dr. Berdach and colleagues studied a large database of pediatric admissions in California that calls into question readmission as a quality measure. They cite a lack of variability in rates of readmissions among hospitals … Address correspondence to Brian K. Alverson, MD, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Multiphasic Building, Room 223, Providence, RI 02903. E-mail: balverson{at}lifespan.org
Donnybrook: enabling large-scale, high-speed, peer-to-peer games

Without well-provisioned dedicated servers, modern fast-paced action games limit the number of players who can interact simultaneously to 16-32. This is because interacting players must frequently exchange state updates, and high player counts would exceed the bandwidth available to participating machines. In this paper, we describe Donnybrook, a system that enables epic-scale battles without dedicated server resources, even in a fast-paced game with tight latency bounds. It achieves this scalability through two novel components. First, it reduces bandwidth demand by estimating what players are paying attention to, thereby enabling it to reduce the frequency of sending less important state updates. Second, it overcomes resource and interest heterogeneity by disseminating updates via a multicast system designed for the special requirements of games: that they have multiple sources, are latency-sensitive, and have frequent group membership changes. We present user study results using a prototype implementation based on Quake III that show our approach provides a desirable user experience. We also present simulation results that demonstrate Donnybrook's efficacy in enabling battles of up to 900 players.
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ATMOSPHERIC MODELING

This paper summarizes a number of best practices associated with the use of numerical models of the atmosphere and is motivated by the rapid growth in the number of model users, who have a range of scientific and technical preparations. An underlying important message is that models are complex and imperfect tools, and model users must be aware of their strengths and weaknesses and be thorough in the process of model configuration and verification.
Combining experiment and FEA into one, in device characterization

Experimental thermal transient data taken to characterize a specific packaged semiconductor device is often not as useful as desired. For instance, the temperature sensitive parameter (TSP) structure accessible for temperature measurements may be thermally far from the actual source of heat input to the device, resulting both in time delay in the measurements and a high degree of uncertainty in the amount of temperature gradient not measured. A specific device, in this case a USB Filter, is presented as an example of the need to carefully combine experimental measurements with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), in order to construct an accurate thermal characterization of the device. In this example, the temperature measurements were made at TVS diodes almost adjacent to the series resistors, and the heat was input at the series resistors. Yet the FEA model showed that the temperature gradient between the hottest spot in the resistor and what would actually be measured at the TSP was a significant fraction of the overall thermal resistance of the device. This paper discusses several facets of the process, from FEA transient accuracy, to experimental limitations on speed and location of the measurements.
Validation and Comprehension: An Integrated Overview

In this article, I review and discuss the work presented in this special issue while focusing on a number of issues that warrant further investigation in validation research. These issues pertain to the nature of the validation processes, the processes and mechanisms that support validation during comprehension, the factors that influence validation, the role of validation in current theories of reading comprehension, the relation between validation and standards of coherence, and the distinction between validation and updating. Further exploration of these issues will contribute to our understanding of the role of validation in the overall comprehension process and will help push the field of discourse processes even further forward.
The Sorting Effect of Charter Schools on Student Composition in Traditional Public Schools

This article investigates how Michigan’s charter school policy influences the composition of students by race and socioeconomic status in urban traditional public schools. Using 2 years of student-level data in Michigan’s urban elementary and middle schools, the dynamic student transfers between charter schools and TPSs are analyzed through a series of hierarchical generalized linear models. The two-way transfer analysis shows that the student sorting under the charter school program tends to intensify the isolation of disadvantaged students in less effective urban schools serving a high concentration of similarly disadvantaged students. The findings imply that a challenge for the state policy makers is to help disadvantaged students who are left behind in the most disadvantaged schools, without significantly reducing the benefits to students who take advantage of school choice.
Action at a Distance: How do Ordinary People Self-organize Humanitarian Efforts Remotely and Collaboratively?

New forms of citizen participation in disaster response continue to emerge as disasters create the need, and technology creates the opportunity. The rapidly evolving connectivity and technologically mediated environment promise to expand the role of citizens not only participating through organized efforts, but also self-organizing group efforts. Using a case study method, this research aims to describe and explain the dynamic processes of how ordinary people come into being as a group for humanitarian efforts and maintain evolving processes of collaborative activities over time. I am exploring these issues in the context of a small group that emerged online in response to the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. This poster presents the work-in-progress.
A method for determining δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity in homogenized cells and tissues.

Objective In mammalian cells the rate-limiting step in heme biosynthesis is the formation of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The reaction intermediates, porphyrins and iron and the final product, heme can be highly cytotoxic if allowed to accumulate. The importance of maintaining the levels of metabolic intermediates and heme within a narrow range is apparent based on the complex homeostatic system(s) that have developed. Ultimately, determining the enzymatic activity of ALA synthase (ALAS) present in the mitochondria is highly beneficial to confirm the effects of the transcriptional, translational and post-translational events. The aim of this study was to develop a highly sensitive assay for ALAS that could be used on whole tissue or cellular homogenates.
Investing in Libya's education.

![Figure][1] A new song. Children sing a new national anthem at their school in Tripoli. CREDIT: ZOHRA BENSEMRA/REUTERS High levels of unemployment (20 to 30%) ([ 1 ][2]), rampant corruption, and social and intellectual oppression caused Libya's youth to revolt against the Gaddafi regime.
What about the clean athletes? The need for positive psychology in anti-doping research

Abstract The focus on athletes who engage in doping practices eclipses the fact that elite athletes overwhelmingly support wellness, health, and ethical sporting behavior. Yet very little is known about clean athletes and why they choose to stay clean. This article advocates moving beyond “business as usual” enforcement focused anti-doping efforts (i.e., eradicating “the bad” through the policing and detection of violators) towards enhancing efforts to identify the strengths and characteristics of athletes who choose not to engage in doping behavior (i.e., promoting “the good”). We argue that it is more effective to promote and enhance the continuation of existing healthy behavior than trying to only eradicate and extinguish deviant/maladaptive behavior. Moreover, such ends are best achieved through a positive psychology approach to anti-doping. By employing a positive psychology approach that identifies what clean athletes are doing effectively, this article argues that novel and potentially transformative methods can be developed that better prevent doping and assist athletes who desire to be clean.
The emerging threat of superwarfarins: history, detection, mechanisms, and countermeasures

Superwarfarins were developed following the emergence of warfarin resistance in rodents. Compared to warfarin, superwarfarins have much longer half-lives and stronger affinity to vitamin K epoxide reductase and therefore can cause death in warfarin-resistant rodents. By the mid-1970s, the superwarfarins brodifacoum and difenacoum were the most widely used rodenticides throughout the world. Unfortunately, increased use was accompanied by a rise in accidental poisonings, reaching >16,000 per year in the United States. Risk of exposure has become a concern since large quantities, up to hundreds of kilograms of rodent bait, are applied by aerial dispersion over regions with rodent infestations. Reports of intentional use of superwarfarins in civilian and military scenarios raise the specter of larger incidents or mass casualties. Unlike warfarin overdose, for which 1-2 days of treatment with vitamin K is effective, treatment of superwarfarin poisoning with vitamin K is limited by extremely high cost and can require daily treatment for a year or longer. Furthermore, superwarfarins have actions that are independent of their anticoagulant effects, including both vitamin K-dependent and -independent effects, which are not mitigated by vitamin K therapy. In this review, we summarize superwarfarin development, biology and pathophysiology, their threat as weapons, and possible therapeutic approaches.
Understanding the Critical Parameters of the PAMS Mandrel Fabrication Process

In this paper, we describe the reasoning that leads us to focus on the so-called curing process where a solid poly(ɑ-methylstyrene) (PAMS) shell is formed from the initial solution phase. We demons...
Environmental Policies Can Buttress Conservation Norms

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to solve large-scale environmental problems, government agencies often resort to formal sanctioning systems: market-based incentives or command-and-control regulations, to promote cooperation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence of these formal sanctioning systems impacts informal sanctioning systems for environmental protection. Study 1 used an experimental game to explore the influence of market-based and regulatory programs on informal sanctioning in a laboratory setting. Study 2 was a quasi-experimental field survey that compared informal sanctioning among Massachusetts residents living in towns with voluntary, mandatory, and pay-as-you-throw recycling programs. Results showed that in the presence of a formal sanctioning system, individuals felt guiltier for not engaging in the cooperative behavior and expressed more disapproval for non-cooperators. Combined, these results show that environmental policies can buttress conservation norms.
Proteostasis and the aging pathways

Aging is defined as the continuous accumulation of changes in an organism over time, arising intrinsically as well as through interaction with the environment. Some of these changes are harmful to the maintenance of homeostasis and render an individual more susceptible to diseases and disorders. Eventually, accumulation of enough of these changes negatively impacts an organism’s ability to respond to stresses and sets in motion a cascade of events that eventually ends in death. Aging is a universal condition that affects all life; however, different organisms age at remarkably different rates. This observation suggests that aging is not simply a stochastic response but instead has a powerful element of genetic mechanism. In seeking to understand why we age, there is potential for discovering strategies that might delay this inevitable process.
Collaborative Care for Perinatal Depression Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Women: Adverse Neonatal Birth Events and Treatment Response

Objective:The study examined the effectiveness of a perinatal collaborative care intervention in moderating the effects of adverse neonatal birth events on risks of postpartum depressive symptoms and impaired functioning among women of lower socioeconomic status with antenatal depression.Methods:A randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessments was conducted in ten public health centers, comparing MOMCare (choice of brief interpersonal psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or both) with intensive maternity support services (MSS-Plus). Participants had probable diagnoses of major depressive disorder or dysthymia during pregnancy. Generalized estimating equations estimated differences in depression and functioning measures between groups with and without adverse birth events within the treatment arms. A total of 160 women, 43% of whom experienced at least one adverse birth event, were included in the analyses.Results:For women who received MOMCare, postpartum depression scores (measured with the Symp...
Environment Dictates Dependence on Mitochondrial Complex I for NAD+ and Aspartate Production and Determines Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Metformin

Summary Metformin use is associated with reduced cancer mortality, but how metformin impacts cancer outcomes is controversial. Although metformin can act on cells autonomously to inhibit tumor growth, the doses of metformin that inhibit proliferation in tissue culture are much higher than what has been described in vivo. Here, we show that the environment drastically alters sensitivity to metformin and other complex I inhibitors. We find that complex I supports proliferation by regenerating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+, and metformin's anti-proliferative effect is due to loss of NAD+/NADH homeostasis and inhibition of aspartate biosynthesis. However, complex I is only one of many inputs that determines the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, and dependency on complex I is dictated by the activity of other pathways that affect NAD+ regeneration and aspartate levels. This suggests that cancer drug sensitivity and resistance are not intrinsic properties of cancer cells, and demonstrates that the environment can dictate sensitivity to therapies that impact cell metabolism.
The General Adaptation Syndrome: Potential misapplications to resistance exercise

Abstract Within the resistance training literature, one of the most commonly cited tenets with respect to exercise programming is the “General Adaptation Syndrome” (GAS). The GAS is cited as a central theory behind the periodization of resistance exercise. However, after examining the original stress research by Hans Selye, the applications of GAS to resistance exercise may not be appropriate. Objectives To examine the original work of Hans Selye, as well as the original papers through which the GAS was established as a central theory for periodized resistance exercise. Methods We conducted a review of Selye’s work on the GAS, as well as the foundational papers through which this concept was applied to resistance exercise. Results/conclusions The work of Hans Selye focused on the universal physiological stress responses noted upon exposure to toxic levels of a variety of pharmacological agents and stimuli. The extrapolations that have been made to resistance exercise appear loosely based on this concept and may not be an appropriate basis for application of the GAS to resistance exercise.
NasoAlveolar molding treatment protocol in patients with cleft lip and palate

Presurgical infant orthopedics has been employed since 1950 as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. Most of these therapies did not address deformity of the nasal cartilage in unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate as well as the deficiency of the columella tissue in infants with bilateral cleft. The NasolAveolar molding (NAM) technique, a new approach to presurgical infant orthopedics, developed by Grayson reduces the severity of the initial cleft alveolar and nasal deformity. This enables the surgeon and the patient to enjoy the benefits associated with repair of a cleft deformity that is minimal in severity. This paper will discuss the appliance design, clinical management, and biomechanical principles of nasolaveolar molding therapy. Long-term studies on NAM therapy indicate better lip and nasal form, reduced oronasal fistula and labial deformities, and 60% reduction in the need for secondary alveolar bone grafting. No effect on growth of midface in sagittal and vertical plane has been recorded up to the age of 18 years. With proper training and clinical skills NAM has demonstrated tremendous benefit to the cleft patients as well as to the surgeon performing the repair.
Reframing Student Success in College: Advancing Know-What and Know-How

• The phrase “student success” broadly refers to students reaping the promised benefits of the postsecondary experience and a combination of institutional and student actions to realize the desired...
City profile: Jakarta

Abstract With a metropolitan population of more than 20 million and rising, Jakarta is one of the world's largest cities, the biggest city by a wide margin in Southeast Asia, and the commanding urban center of Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country. It is also an outstanding example of an overburdened Third World metropolis struggling with problems of overpopulation and inadequate housing, employment, transportation and environmental quality. At the same time, the city aspires for recognition in its Asian region and the world more widely as an emerging leader among the world's great metropolises. Yet, the city has received comparatively little attention in English-language literature in urban studies and urban planning, and is not particularly well understood beyond Indonesia outside a circle of specialists. Two notable exceptions are special-focus profiles of Jakarta that appeared in recent years in this journal, one in 1994 by Hadiwinoto and Leitmann (Cities 11(3) (1994) 153) about the city's environmental problems and the other in 1998 by Firman about economic restructuring and land use. This profile adds to those studies by reviewing Jakarta's history of growth and development, its social geography, and its major challenges for urban planning and management.
Surgery for the Solitary Thyroid Nodule

Thyroid nodules are quite common, and the basis of their evaluation is the FNA cytology. However, some tumors cannot be completely characterized by FNA, and so require at minimum a diagnostic ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy for definitive histology. In such cases, complete lobectomy is the minimum procedure, to avoid the potential need for further operation on that side of the trachea.
Indomethacin Enhances Brown Fat Activity.

Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to induce white adipocyte differentiation; however, its roles in brown adipocyte differentiation and activation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity are unknown. To address this issue, we treated mouse brown preadipocytes with different doses of indomethacin, and delivered indomethacin to interscapular BAT (iBAT) of obese mice using implanted osmotic pumps. Indomethacin dose dependently increased brown preadipocyte differentiation and upregulated both mRNA and protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator 1-alpha. The mechanistic study showed that indomethacin significantly activated the reporter driven by the PPAR response element, indicating that indomethacin may work as a PPARγ agonist in this cell line. Consistently, indomethacin significantly decreased iBAT mass and fasting blood glucose levels in high-fat diet–induced obesity (DIO) mice. Histologic analysis showed that brown adipocytes of indomethacin-treated mice contained smaller lipid droplets compared with control mice, suggesting that indomethacin alleviated the whitening of BAT induced by the high-fat diet. Moreover, indomethacin significantly increased UCP1 mRNA expression in iBAT. Taken together, this study indicates that indomethacin can promote mouse brown adipocyte differentiation, and might increase brown fat and glucose oxidation capacity in DIO mice.
Dimensionality Reduction via Community Detection in Small Sample Datasets

Real world networks constructed from raw data are often characterized by complex community structures. Existing dimensionality reduction techniques, however, do not take such characteristics into account. This is especially important for problems with low number of samples where the curse of dimensionality is particularly significant. Therefore, in this paper, we propose FeatureNet, a novel community-based dimensionality reduction framework targeting small sample problems. To this end, we propose a new method to directly construct a network from high-dimensional raw data while explicitly revealing its hidden community structure; these communities are then used to learn low-dimensional features using a representation learning framework. We show the effectiveness of our approach on eight datasets covering application areas as diverse as handwritten digits, biology, physical sciences, NLP, and computational sustainability. Extensive experiments on the above datasets (with sizes mostly between 100 and 1500 samples) demonstrate that FeatureNet significantly outperforms (i.e., up to 40% improvement in classification accuracy) ten well-known dimensionality reduction methods like PCA, Kernel PCA, Isomap, SNE, t-SNE, etc.
Comparative Neuroanatomy of the Octavolateralis Area of Fishes

The octavolateralis area of fishes has only recently begun to be explored using experimental anatomical techniques. Such studies have concluded that the nuclear organization of the octavolateralis area and the distribution of primary inputs to these nuclei differ substantially from that reported in classic studies of this area. This chapter briefly reviews the organization of the octavolateralis area in light of these recent data, and discusses some of the variations seen within it.
Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17: Testing measurement invariance of a higher-order factor model between boys and girls.

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) is a screener designed to measure children’s behavioral and emotional problems. The measurement invariance of the scale’s higher-order factor s...
International Legal Education and Specialist Certification (Year in Review)

The American Bar Association (ABA) promulgates rules and regulations that apply to all United States law schools with ABA-accreditation and approval. Those rules apply specifically to schools offering programs leading to a J.D. degree. In August 2016, the ABA Council approved certain changes to the ABA Standards and Rules of Procedure for Approval of Law Schools, which became effective on August 9, 2016. The changes affected not only J.D. programs, but also study abroad programs offered by ABA member schools.
Tris(tetra­ethyl­ammonium) μ-3-hydroxy­propanolato-di-μ-methoxo-bis­[tricarbonyl­tungsten(0)]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, (C8H20N)3[W2(CH3O)2(C3H7O2)(CO)6], obtained from a ligand substitution reaction of (Et4N)3[W2(OMe)3(CO)6], the trianion sits across a mirror plane such that one W(CO)3 group is unique and the two meth­oxy groups and all but the middle C atom of the 3-hydroxy­propanolate ligand lie on the mirror plane. One and a half mol­ecules of the tetra­ethyl­ammonium cation are present to balance the charge in the asymmetric unit. The half mol­ecule is situated with its N atom on a mirror plane and is disordered.
Cost Efficient Depth Sounding Using Microcontroller Based Solution

This paper proposes a depth sensing system developed to keep ships, submarines or underwater vehicle, at a safe depth level. Traditionally this goal is achieved by using echo sounders. A transmitter sends pulses of varying frequencies which after bouncing back are received and processed further to obtain the required results. Generally, the received data is processed using DAQ (Data acquisition) cards, aided by a microprocessor to find the depth or the distance between the vehicle and seabed. However, such an approach and solution are costly and requires greater space footprint. An efficient, portable and low-cost solution is proposed which is microcontroller based, and fully automated.
El Sur También Existe: Imagining futures:

Guantanamo is infamous as a site of extra-legal detention in the wake of 9/11; more than a single site, it is part of a web of the United States’ militarization operating in the Global South. An ar...
Open Multi-Slot Wideband MIMO Antennas with Microstrip Feed Line for 4G LTE

A pair of microstrip line-fed open multi-slot antennas are presented for operation in 4G LTE bands. Two open slots are used for forming this open multi-slot configuration: one circular slot open at one side and one rectangular slot terminated in the circular slot with other end open. The open multi-slot antenna is excited by a microstrip line loaded with circular tuning stubs on the underside of the dielectric substrate. Two antennas operate independently for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communications and cover a frequency range from 800 MHz to 4.25 GHz. The antenna demonstrates 137% fractional bandwidth with good diversity performance.
Impetigo/Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Disease.

1. Lorena C. Dollani, MD*,†,‡ 2. Kalyani S. Marathe, MD* 1. *Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 2. †Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 3. ‡Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC Bacterial skin infections are among the most common skin diseases in children. These encompass a range of cutaneous manifestations from localized (bullous impetigo) to systemic (staphylococcal scalded skin disease [SSSS]). The most common pathogen in both nonbullous and bullous impetigo is Staphylococcus aureus . Another important pathogen causing nonbullous impetigo is group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus. SSSS specifically refers to a spectrum of skin diseases induced by the exfoliative toxins of S aureus. The most common pathogen implicated in their pathophysiology is S aureus, which is a gram-positive coccus and can commonly colonize the nose, perineum, eyes, axillae, umbilicus, and wound sites. Impetigo frequently involves children younger than 6 years, accounting for approximately 10% of skin problems observed in pediatric clinics. SSSS is a rare blistering manifestation affecting mainly neonates and young children. Impetigo is an extremely contagious infection that can spread quickly via direct person-to-person contact or through fomites, and its peak incidence is in the summer months. Primary impetigo can result from direct bacterial involvement of the previously normal skin, whereas secondary impetigo is caused by a disruption in the skin barrier that allows the bacteria to adhere, invade, and establish an infection. Causes of secondary impetigo include minor skin trauma secondary to abrasions, cuts, or insect bites or skin infections due to herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus. Colonization of the nasopharynx, axillae, and perineal skin with S aureus increases the risk of developing staphylococcal infections. Impetigo is classified as nonbullous or bullous. Whereas nonbullous impetigo …
Factor Structure of the Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition Core Subtests: Standardization Sample Confirmatory Factor Analyses:

The present study examined the factor structure of the Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition (DAS-II) core subtests from the standardization sample via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using...
Движение «Зеленая библиотека».Обзор литературы о «зеленых» библиотеках и деятельности по их развитию. (Часть 1)

The creation of green libraries is approaching a tipping point, generating a Green Library Movement, which is comprised of librarians, libraries, cities, towns, college and university campuses committed to greening libraries and reducing their environmental impact. The Movement emerged in the early 1990s and gained popularity in the library profession around 2003. This innovation is happening by building green library buildings, by greening existing library facilities, providing green library services, and embracing environmentally supportive and sustainable practices within the library. Constructing a green library building using a performance standard like LEED is a way some libraries are choosing to become green and sustainable (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). The California Integrated Waste Management Board defines a green or sustainable building as “a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner” Environmental challenges like energy depletion and climate change will influence the type of information resources and programs libraries will provide to their communities.
CO2 induced changes in Mount Simon sandstone: Understanding links to post CO2 injection monitoring, seismicity, and reservoir integrity

Abstract The purpose of this study is to quantify geochemical reactions of CO2 and brine with subsurface samples taken from the Mt. Simon sandstone and identify any potential alterations of the geomechanical rock properties that could lead to changes observable in seismic monitoring or result in changes of micro seismicity such as those observed at the Illinois Basin-Decatur Project (IBDP) site. Two Mt. Simon sandstone samples from 6919.3 feet (2109.0 m) and 6926.1 feet (2111.1 m) depth were exposed to supercritical CO2 (scCO2) dissolved in brine at in-situ reservoir conditions for one month. Geochemical, spectral, scanning electron microscopy, and petrophysical methods were used to analyze the samples before and after the one-month exposure. Significant changes were observed. Multiple geomechanical properties were chosen to form the framework against which to interrogate the petrophysical data: Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (ν), lambda·rho (λρ), and mu·rho (μρ). In this study we conclude that framework composition, porosity, heterogeneities, effective pressure, and reactive geochemistry are first order controls on trends in the E-μ and λρ-μρ cross plot spaces. Changes in porosity, permeability, dynamic moduli, and brittleness with exposure to these fluids were observed. No change in ultrasonic P-wave attenuation (QP) was observed. Geochemical alteration causes a distinct shift in λρ-μρ in both samples as well as changes in E, ν , and P and S wave seismic velocity values. These observations could provide insight into subsurface monitoring using seismic methods including amplitude variation with offset (AVO) classification.