cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community Structure and Quality After 10 Years in Two Central Ohio Mitigation Bank Wetlands

We evaluate two 10-year-old mitigation bank wetlands in central Ohio, one created and one with restored and enhanced components, by analysis of vegetation characteristics and by comparison of the year-10 vegetation and macroinvertebrate communities with reference wetlands. To assess different measures of wetland development, we compare the prevalence of native hydrophytes with an index of floristic quality and we evaluate the predictability of these parameters in year 10, given 5 years of data. Results show that the mitigation wetlands in this study meet vegetation performance criteria of native hydrophyte establishment by year 5 and maintain these characteristics through year 10. Species richness and floristic quality, as well as vegetative similarity with reference wetlands, differ among mitigation wetlands in year 1 and also in their rate of change during the first 10 years. The prevalence of native hydrophytes is reasonably predictable by year 10, but 5 years of monitoring is not sufficient to predict future trends of floristic quality in either the created or restored wetland. By year 10, macroinvertebrate taxa richness does not statistically differ among these wetlands, but mitigation wetlands differ from reference sites by tolerance index and by trophic guild dominance. The created wetland herbivore biomass is significantly smaller than its reference, whereas detritivore biomass is significantly greater in the created wetland and smaller in the restored wetland as compared with respective reference wetlands. These analyses illustrate differences in measures of wetland performance and contrast the monitoring duration necessary for legal compliance with the duration required for development of more complex indicators of ecosystem integrity.
Cerebral metabolic response to systematic kainic acid: 14-C-deoxyglucose studies

Abstract Kainic acid (KA) given once intravenously in a dose of 12 mg/kg results successively in staring spells, wet dog shakes, and overt behavioral convulsions over a 90 minute time period. Convulsions last up to 18 hours and are followed by aphagia, adipsia and startle. behavior. Five minutes after KA, deoxyglucose autoradiography reveals a 3–6 fold increase in glucose utilization in ventral CA3 of hippocampus, ventral subiculum, lateral septum with a less intense increase in dorsal hippocampus. During severe behavioral convulsions the entire limbic system and its subcortical projections are metabolically active, while sensory pathways and neocortex are depressed. One to three days following convulsions many limbic areas that participated in seizures are necrotic, while metabolism in the rest of the brain has returned toward normal.
More on the acquisition of locative prepositions: an analysis of Hebrew data.

The use of locative prepositions by Hebrew-speaking children aged 2; 0–3; 0, was investigated in a cross-sectional study. Thirty kibbutz children served as subjects. The spontaneous utterances of each child were analyzed and scored for the frequency with which the child supplied obligatory contexts for locative expressions as well as for appropriate use. The findings suggest the following order of acquisition: be- ‘in’; le- ‘to’; le+ pronominal suffixes ‘to’ (dative); al ‘on’; le ‘to’ (directional); mi- ‘from’; al-yad ‘beside’; meaxorey ‘behind’; mitaxat le- ‘under’. The role of formal linguistic complexity in determining that order is discussed. Special reference is made to the contrast between enclitic prefix prepositions and separate word prepositions that express the same locative notions.
Polyethylene wear and periprosthetic osteolysis in metal-backed acetabular components with cylindrical liners

A retrospective clinical and radiographic analysis was performed in 27 hips (23 patients), in which a threaded, porous-coated acetabular component with cylindrical liner was implanted (Sintered T-Tab-ST cup, Biomet, Warsaw, IN). Sixteen hips had cemented stems; 11 had cementless, circumferentially porous-coated stems. The mean clinical and radiographic follow-up period was 68 months. The mean patient age was 49 years; the mean patient weight was 68 kg. The mean rates of linear and volumetric wear were 0.25 mm/y and 149 mm3/y, respectively. Osteolysis occurred in 51.8% (14 hips). Wear rate and young age correlated with osteolysis (P = .0002 and P = .01, respectively). There were no cases of distal femoral osteolysis.
Covariant Insertion of General Vertex Operators

We provide a very simple prescription for inserting an arbitrary state into a string amplitude. The corresponding string measure is defined without any additional information whenever the state is Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) invariant, generalizing the usual physical conditions. In particular no world-sheet metric is needed. We recover and interpret in a simple way the b^ prescription of Polchinski and explain geometrically how it secures the decoupling of BRST spurious states.
Current and future pharmacotherapies of premature ejaculation.

ABSTRACT Introduction There are currently no oral or topical agents approved by government regulation agencies for the management of premature ejaculation (PE). Aim To review pharmacologic therapies for treatment of PE. Methods The Sexual Medicine Society of North America hosted a State of the Art Conference on Premature Ejaculation on June 24–26, 2005 in collaboration with the University of South Florida. The purpose was to have an open exchange of contemporary research and clinical information on PE. Main Outcome Measure Data were obtained by extensive examination of peer-reviewed published literature. Results Chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is associated with an increased adverse event profile encompassing dry mouth, nausea, drowsiness, and reduced libido. Their use may also facilitate the development of other sexual dysfunctions, such as anejaculation and erectile dysfunction (ED). Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have also been investigated for the management of PE, as an indirect consequence of their ability to prolong erections. Trials have found PDE-5 inhibitors to be appropriate for men with PE secondary to ED, or when they are used in conjunction with other agents such as SSRIs. Trials of topical formulations that contain either anesthetic agents or other ingredients report significant increases in ejaculatory latency times; however, long-term safety and efficacy studies are lacking. New agents are being developed specifically for the management of PE. Among these are a topical formulation and numerous oral agents. Only one agent—dapoxetine hydrochloride (DPX)—has undergone Phase III trials. DPX is a serotonin transport inhibitor (STI) with a pharmacokinetic profile conducive to on-demand dosing for the management of PE. Unlike the current oral agents, DPX has a rapid onset of action and is effective from the first dose. Conclusions Well-designed clinical trials utilizing appropriate outcome measurements are needed to provide safe and effective pharmacologic options for men with PE. Hellstrom WJG. Current and future pharmacotherapies of premature ejaculation.
Cockayne's Syndrome Fibroblasts Have Increased Sensitivity to Ultraviolet Light But Normal Rates of Unscheduled DNA Synthesis

Cockayne's syndrome is a form of cachectic dwarfism characterized by acute sun sensitivity and numerous other abnormalities of many organ systems. We studied fibroblasts from 9 Cockayne's syndrome patients to determine if their fibroblasts had abnormal post-ultraviolet light colony-for using ability or abnormal ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. The fibroblast strains from all the patients had markedly decreased post-ultraviolet light colony-forming ability in comparison with fibroblasts from control donors. Since this increased ultraviolet light sensitivity is propagable in vitro, it may be a manifestation of, or be closely associated with, the inherited genetic defect of this autosomal recessive disease. However, the patients' fibroblasts had normal rates of ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. Thus, unlike the UV sensitivity of DNA excision repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum strains, the UV sensitivity of Cockayne's syndrome strains is not related to abnormal DNA excision repair, at least to the extent that this repair process is reflected by rates of ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis.
Effect of daily irrigation rate and soil texture on yield and quality of Russet Burbank potatoes

Adequate soil water is needed for satisfactory yield and quality of potato tubers. With sprinkler irrigation systems it is common practice to apply more water than the crop uses in order to maintain high soil water levels. A study was initiated to evaluate the response of Russet Burbank potatoes to a wide range of daily sprinkler irrigation rates when grown on two soilsa loam and a sand—differing in water holding capacity. The results from the two soils were very different. On the loam soil, yields generally increased with increased applications of water, up to the equivalent of 40 to 50% estimated Et. Irrigation treatment effect on percent No. 1 tubers was inconclusive. In 1978, percent No. 1 tubers increased with water applied up to about 70% estimated Et. In 1980, irrigation rates between the equivalent of about 20 and 80% estimated Et had little effect on tuber grade. Yields and percent No. 1 tubers were depressed at irrigation rates greater than about 80% estimated Et. On the sand, yields and percent No. 1 tubers increased with increased irrigation rates up to about 100% and 80% estimated Et, respectively. Tuber specific gravity was not affected to an important degree by irrigation treatment on either soil. These results indicate that a good crop of potatoes can be grown on a loam soil at daily irrigation rates considerably less than estimated Et rates, while such reductions will decrease yields and grade on a sandy soil.
Influence of convection on the growth of crystals from solution

This is a review of the influence of convection on the growth of crystals from solution. The growth rate is increased by convection up to the point where interface kinetics becomes rate controlling. Compositional inhomogeneity and morphological instability (inclusion formation) are probably worse for gentle convection than for either no convection or for vigorous stirring. Stirring, particularly of crystal suspensions, can cause an orders of magnitude increase in the rate of formation of new crystals. This is called 'secondary nucleation'.
Alternatives for Micropower Generation Processes

Currently, the predominant technologies for autonomous portable power supply are batteries. Alternatives in the range 0.1-10 W are explored in this work, focusing on the combination of fuel processing with fuel cells. A methodology for the comparison of different alternatives for micropower generation processes based on a process superstructure, including hundreds of different designs, is formulated, and the first implementations of system simulation are presented. A comparison between a variety of processes under different constraints is presented, and the influence of heat losses, scale, fuel cell efficiency, and conversion as well as recycling on the performance of the processes is discussed. Conditions under which the technologies considered are a promising alternative to batteries are identified.
Thermodynamic Values and Rate of Exchange Constants of the Adducts Surrounding Extracted Metal Chelates

Abstract Overall dissociation reaction rates and activation parameters for the removal of adducts from several metal chelates in organic solvents has been determined by ultrasonic absorption. The ability of the metal chelates to hold onto adducts appears to be dependent upon the coordination sphere of the metal and the polarity of the ligand. The type of solvent used also has an effect.
Theory of inherently macroscopic processes, with application to heat and active transport.

MANY macroscopic quantities have microscopic counterparts. The microscopic counterpart of gas pressure, for example, is the instantaneous mechanical force exerted by gas molecules on a unit area. In the analysis of such physical quantities the role of statistical mechanics is conceptually straightforward; it is the calculation of average (macroscopic) values for selected microscopic mechanical quantities A. Such calculations have contributed a great deal to our understanding of the form taken by the equation of state for various materials placed in different environments1.
Failed fertilization in human in vitro fertilization analyzed with the deoxyribonucleic acid-specific fluorochrome Hoechst 33342.

The degree and normality of nuclear maturation were assessed with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 in two groups of inseminated human oocytes that had failed to undergo fertilization. Group 1 consisted of 67 oocytes from 27 patients, each of whom had at least two other oocytes that had been fertilized and had cleaved. Group 2 consisted of 65 oocytes from 14 patients, none of whose oocytes had been fertilized. In group 1, 52.3% of the oocytes were found to be immature (germinal vesicle stage or metaphase-telophase l), whereas in group 2 only 26% were found to be immature. Thus oocyte nuclear immaturity was the major cause of fertilization failure when companion oocytes were fertilized. When no oocytes of a patient were fertilized, most cocytes were found to be mature, so other factors, such as sperm dysfunction or zona binding abnormalities, must account for most of the fertilization failure in this group of patients.
Surgical management of Crohn's disease in children.

Abstract Crohn's disease is more common in children than has generally been appreciated. Based on a 12 year review of cases from the UCLA Hospital, approximately 57 per cent of children with this disease require operation for the management of its complications. In 28 of 50 children undergoing operation, the disease was confined to the terminal ileum and ascending colon. Each of these patients underwent localized resection with ileocolostomy, although two children had preliminary cutaneous ileostomy; 25 per cent had mild recurrence within 5 years but only two required reoperation. Obstruction is the major symptom in this group, whereas perianal fistulas and abscesses are uncommon. Approximately one third of the patients (17 of 50) had primary Crohn's disease of the colon and rectum. Diarrhea and growth failure are common with this form of the disease. Eighty-two per cent had anal fistulas and abscesses requiring surgical treatment. Although intestinal diversion or intestinal resection, or both, with reanastomosis were tried in the majority of these patients, 14 of the 17 eventually required proctocolectomy for relief of severe symptoms. Recurrent disease in the terminal ileum occurred in 64 per cent of these patients. Only a rare patient with granulomatous disease of the small intestine alone will benefit from surgical resection. Bowel rest and total parenteral nutrition before and after resectional surgery appear to minimize the likelihood of postoperative obstruction or anastomotic leak and also to reduce the length of intestine required for resection.
Reduced lymphatic drainage from hamster cheek pouch: a proposed explanation of its immunologically privileged character.

Zur Untersuchung des Lymphabflusses beim Hamster wurde Ferritin in die Backentaschen und Lippen der Tiere injiziert. 2 h nach der Injektion in die Lippe fanden sich grosse Mengen des Ferritins im ipsilateralen submentalen Lymphknoten, wahrend sich nach 24 h und nach Injektion in die Backentasche nur wenig Ferritin fand, was als Zeichen einer immunologischen Bevorzugung der Hamster-Backentasche angesehen wird.
Initiation of fusion and disassembly of sendai virus membranes into liposomes

Sendai virus penetration into liposomes consists of two steps which are fusion of the viral and liposomal membranes and viral disassembly. Penetration can occur in less than one minute. The virus first causes a liposome to envelop it and then fuses with the leading edge of the developing vacuole. Viral disassembly does not follow immediately but requires release of virus-receptor binding and probably also requires changes in the association between viral proteins.
On the classification of vertical wind shear as directional shear versus speed shear

Abstract Vertical wind shear is commonly classified as “directional” or “speed” shear. In this note, these classifications are reviewed and their relevance discussed with respect to the dynamics of convective storms. In the absence of surface drag, storm morphology and evolution only depend on the shape and length of a hodograph, on which the storm-relative winds depend; that is, storm characteristics are independent of the translation and rotation of a hodograph. Therefore, traditional definitions of directional and speed shear are most relevant when applied to the storm-relative wind profile.
Crystal growth and structure of BiVO4

Abstract Large crystals of BiVO 4 were grown. Extensive twinning can be related to the ferroelastic transition at 528K. The structure of BiVO 4 was refined at 4.5, 295 and 566K from powder neutron diffraction data and at 295K from powder X-ray diffraction data by the Rietveld profile technique. Space groups of I 4 1 a above and I 2 b below 528K were confirmed. It is suggested that the transition in BiVO 4 is driven by the lone-pair cation Bi 3+ . The Bi-O polyhedron is regular above the transition but becomes significantly distorted below the transition. This lone-pair distortion increases on cooling from 295 to 4.5K. The V-O tetrahedron remains regular at all temperatures.
Pathological findings at radical prostatectomy in patients initially managed by active surveillance: a comparative analysis.

BACKGROUND The purpose of our analysis was to determine if delays in treatment caused by active surveillance result in significant pathological changes when patients no longer meet the criteria on repeat biopsy and to study whether or not these changes may affect treatment outcomes. METHODS Out of 207 men who were on active surveillance, 47 (23%) no longer met the criteria after one of the repeat biopsies. Twenty-two underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution and formed the main group (Group 1) of this study. One hundred sixty-four patients met the criteria for active surveillance but underwent immediate surgery. Of these patients, we selected 38 (23%) with the lowest predicted biochemical recurrence-free survival. These patients formed the comparison group (Group 2). Pathological features as well as postoperative biochemical outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS Seven patients (32%) in Group 1 and four (11%) in Group 2 have predominantly high-grade cancer (i.e., ≥4/5 + 3) at pathology. The visually estimated percent of carcinoma was also higher in patients initially managed by active surveillance (median 12.5 vs. 5.0 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, P = 0.009). Other pathological characteristics were similar in both groups. With limited duration of follow-up, postoperative biochemical recurrence-free survival did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study has demonstrated that both tumor grade and volume may increase during active surveillance. However, the clinical significance of these changes with respect to the outcomes of delayed treatment remains to be established. Prostate 72:1573–1579, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of a library research methods course for biology students

Abstract A library research methods course developed in the early 1980s by a zoology professor at Weber State University has evolved over time due to the involvement of librarians, changes in approaches to teaching and learning, and the use of computers and networked information. A look at the changes in this course provides a picture of changes in library instruction more generally over the past 2 decades.
Nutrition Implications of Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation in Children With Dilated Cardiomyopathy A Case Series

This article describes nutrition implications of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy leading to heart transplantation with a focus on nutritional management of patients during the waiting time for a donor organ and the inpatient postoperative period. Optimization of nutritional status is essential during these periods as weight loss and malnutrition contribute to muscle atrophy, decreased functional capacity, reduced immune function, and prolonged hospital stay. Nutrition implications of heart failure vary with patient’s age and degree of symptoms. Infants may have increased caloric needs and poor feeding often due to tachypnea. Older children, 1-18 years, may have decreased appetite, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Ventricular assist devices or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, necessary to sustain life in some cases, have additional nutrition implications related to wound healing from insertion of the device and device-related complications that can include pancreatitis and the need for total parenteral n...
ROESY relaxation theory

Abstract The intramolecular dipole-dipole relaxation of spin systems in rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) experiments is analyzed. The full ROESY relaxation matrices for AX, AMX, AMPX, AX2, AX3, A2, and A3 spin systems are presented. A multiple-quantum ROESY pulse sequence is proposed for measuring ROESY peaks connecting multiple-spin coherences of any order that can be generated and detected.
The emerging role of electronic marketplaces on the Internet

Markets play a central role in the economy, facilitating the exchange of information, goods, services and payments. In the process, they create economic value for buyers, sellers, market intermediaries and for society at large. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the role of information technology in markets, both in traditional markets, and in the emergence of electronic marketplaces, such as the multitude of Internet-based online auctions.
Prediction of coronary artery calcium in young adults using the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) risk score: the CARDIA study.

Background Using data from autopsied young people aged 15 to 34 years, the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study developed a risk score based on age, sex, smoking status, high-density lipoprotein and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the presence of obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension to predict advanced coronary artery atherosclerosis. Methods The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study assessed coronary artery calcium (CAC) by computed tomography in young adults participating in the 15-year examination. The PDAY risk score was calculated from risk factors measured at the CARDIA examinations at years 0, 5, 10, and 15. Results Odds ratios for amount of CAC (6 ordinal categories) for a 1-point increase in risk score computed from the modifiable risk factors ranged from 1.10 to 1.16 (all statistically significant). Odds ratios for presence of any amount of CAC ranged from 1.09 to 1.15 (all statistically significant), with the highest odds ratio for the risk score at year 0. An increase in risk score between years 0 and 15 increased the odds of CAC, and a decrease in risk score decreased the odds of CAC. A positive family history of cardiovascular disease increased the odds of CAC. The c statistics ranged from 0.752 to 0.770, with the highest discrimination based on the year 0 revised PDAY risk score that included family history and increased the points for the sex differential. Conclusion The PDAY risk score predicts CAC up to 15 years before its assessment, and risk score change during 15 years affects the risk of CAC.
Solubility of Barium Arsenate

Current thermodynamic data suggest barium arsenate [Ba 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (c)] to be a highly stable phase. However, sufficient evidence is available to question the validity of the current data. In order to determine the solubility (pK sp ) and calculate the standard free energy of formation (ΔG* f ) of Ba 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (c), an equilibrium solubility study was conducted. The equilibrium experiments were carried out under three different ionic strength conditions for reaction times up to 45 d. Equilibrium was approached from both undersaturated and supersaturated initial conditions. The pK sp for the dissolution of Ba 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (c) was calculated to be 21.62. Correspondingly, a ΔG* f of −3101.2 ±2.0 kJ mol −1 was calculated. This value is 166.9 kJ mol −1 more positive than the current literature value. Reevaluation of the solubility data from a previous work suggests that the pK sp for the dissolution of BaHAsO 4 •H 2 O(c) is 24.64 and the corresponding ΔG* f is −1587.0 ±2.5 kJ mol −1
Drift of aerially applied diflubenzuron over an oak forest

Abstract A field study was conducted in a Central Pennsylvania forest to quantify the offsite drift of aerially applied Diflubenzuron. Spray was released along a flight line which was normal to the cross wind and also to a 750 m long line of sampling targets located just above the forest canopy. Short-range deposition (less than 133 m) was sampled with passive targets (Teflon® spheres), and active samplers (rotorods) were used at long-range distances (133–755m). Ten spray trials (replications) were conducted over 3 days in late summer. Profiles of wind, turbulence, temperature, and humidity were measured with instrumentation on a micrometeorology tower at levels up to 20m above the 20m tall canopy. Measured deposit patterns showed that significant amounts of the Diflubenzuron (approximately 30%) drifted further than 100m from the flight line without being delivered to the canopy top. Small amounts of drifting material were transported 750m downwind on all but one occasion. Downwind from the target area the amount of material present at the canopy top increased with increasing friction velocity, u ∗ .
Quantitation of hemoglobin biosynthesis with agarose isoelectric focusing.

Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels has been widely used to separate fetal (HbF) and adult (HbA) hemoglobins, and the relative synthesis of HbA and HbF has been estimated by fluorography or autography of dried gels. In order to measure the absolute synthesis of hemoglobin, we developed a system that utilizes isoelectric focusing in agarose and quantitates the total radioactivity of separated hemoglobins. After isoelectric focusing, the protein bands are individually eluted from the agarose and the radioactivity measured by liquid scintillation counting. We used this technique to study the synthetic capabilities of erythroid precursors at sequential times in culture. As previously reported, the relative ratio of HbF decreased over time in culture. However, our results clearly revealed that the absolute synthesis of HbF did not decrease until there was a parallel decrease in hemoglobin A, and that changes in the relative ratio occur because of disproportionate increases in HbA. This methodology, allowing independent evaluation of the radioactivity in synthesized hemogrlobin, enabled us to gain new insight into the biosynthetic capabilities of erythroid precursors in clonal cell culture.
The historical archaeology of capitalist dispossession

Historical archaeology is defined as the study of capitalism, even though it has seldom confronted capitalism head on. A philosophy of internal relations provides powerful tools with which to confront capitalism. In this paper, I present a range of historical archaeological case studies to explore larger themes relevant to a philosophy of internal relations, including methodological implications, understanding capitalism’s ‘laws of motion’, and their relevance for the dialectical integration of present, past and future. Historical archaeology can help in understanding capitalist dispossession: by fleshing out how capitalism has unfolded, humanising these processes, and emphasising how contested and contingent the history of capitalism was.
Insiders and outsiders: social change, deviant others, and sense of community in a boomtown

In the last decade, the city of Fort McMurray, Alberta has undergone significant social changes due to the rapid growth of the oilsands industry in and around the city. In this short period of time, Fort Murray’s population has more than doubled attracting migrants from all over Canada and internationally to fill labor shortages in the city. In the process, Fort McMurray has become a twenty-first century boomtown. Drawing on in-depth interviews, this article examines how young people and (adult) key informants perceived disorder, crime, risk, and boomtown living. It was found that participants drew a sharp distinction between those who contributed to the community by making Fort McMurray a home (the insiders) and those who did not (the outsiders). Blame for many of the negative aspects (i.e., disorder, crime, and risks) that came along with boomtown living was attributed to these outsiders.
Ontogenetic Changes in Dispersal and Habitat Use in Hatchery-Reared Lingcod

Preliminary experiments that optimize release methods pave the way to larger-scale releases and proper evaluation methods. One evaluation method is before-after-control-impact, which requires that more animals remain at release areas (“site fidelity” to impact areas) than disperse to control areas. This study tested whether there are release methods that maximize fidelity to the release area and minimize dispersal to nearby areas, which might enable a before-after-control-impact experiment. Lingcod that were 17-months old at release showed greater fidelity to release areas (23% remaining one year after release) than lingcod that were 9- and 11-months old at release. None of the 17- and 21-month-old release groups were detected on more distant structured habitats 44 weeks after release, but 8% and 13% of lingcod from the 9- and 11-month-old release groups were detected at distant structured habitat. Thus, releasing 17-month-old lingcod maximized fidelity to the release area and minimized dispersal to other...
Flashback and nightmares after surgery under neuraxial anesthesia: A report of two cases☆

Recall, awareness, flashback, and nightmares are reported complications of general anesthesia, but flashback and nightmares after regional anesthesia have not been described. Two patients underwent vascular and orthopedic surgery under spinal and epidural anesthesia, respectively. Local anesthetic consisted of bupivacaine, and sedation was achieved with the combination of fentanyl, midazolam, and diphenhydramine. In both patients the anesthetic course was uneventful, but the recovery process was complicated by flashbacks and nightmares leading to depression, physical complaints, and lengthy convalescence. Flashback and nightmares after neuraxial anesthesia are unreported and, therefore, their incidence is unknown.
Photosynthetic accumulation of carbon storage compounds under CO2 enrichment by the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus

The growth characteristics of Thermosynechococcus elongatus on elevated CO2 were studied in a photobioreactor. Cultures were able to grow on up to 20% CO2. The maximum productivity and CO2 fixation rates were 0.09 ± 0.01 and 0.17 ± 0.01 mg ml−1 day−1, respectively, for cultures grown on 20% CO2. Three major carbon pools—lipids, polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), and glycogen—were measured. These carbon stores accounted for 50% of the total biomass carbon in cultures grown on atmospheric CO2 (no supplemental CO2), but only accounted for 30% of the total biomass carbon in cultures grown on 5–20% CO2. Lipid content was approximately 20% (w/w) under all experimental conditions, while PHB content reached 14.5% (w/w) in cultures grown on atmospheric CO2 and decreased to approximately 2.0% (w/w) at 5–20% CO2. Glycogen levels did not vary significantly and remained about 1.4% (w/w) under all test conditions. The maximum amount of CO2 sequestered over the course of the nine-day chemostat experiment was 1.15 g l−1 in cultures grown on 20% CO2.
Notes Concerning the Chinese Seals on the Peace Treaty with Germany, 1919

CURIOUSLY, the original copy of the peace treaty with Germany, which China refused to sign on June 28, I9I9, bore the personal seals of the two ranking Chinese delegates, Lou Tseng-tsiang (Lu Tseng-hsiang) and Chengting Thomas Wang (Wang Cheng-t'ing). How could this have happened? An explanation of this puzzle was furnished by no less an authority than His Excellency Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo, who represented China at the conference.* As is well known, following the conference's judgment in favor of Japan in the matter of the Shantung issue, the Chinese people burst out in protest against the decision in what has since been known as the May 4 Movement. Nonetheless, the Peking government was inclined to accept the verdict of the conference. In the end the delegation was empowered to act as it saw fit. This unenviable authorization drove the five members of the delegation into heated debates, which, however, did not result in agreement. Rumors and speculations arose as to the course of action the Chinese might take, but nobody was sure what the actual outcome would be. It was in this state of uncertainty that the delegation received, a few days before the signing ceremony, a request from M. Dutasta, secretary general of the peace conference, to affix the personal seals of the ranking delegates to the treaty in advance of the formal ceremony, in order to simplify the signing procedure. Complying with the request, the two senior delegates, Lou and Wang, dispatched Yiieh Chao-chii, secretary general of the Chinese delegation, as bearer of their seals.1 This was done without the knowledge of the other three members of the delegation, who learned of it much later.2 The reason for this secretive move was never revealed, but probably it was the fear on the part of the two senior members that its disclosure would further inflame public feeling in China. The affixing of the seals, though in no way indicating official acceptance of the treaty, might have misled "the conference authorities into believing that the Chinese delegation, in urging
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rapidly progressive dermatologic condition associated with high mortality. Several factors have been implicated in the development of toxic epidermal necrolysis including drugs, vaccinations, infections, and neoplasia. Toxic epidermal necrolysis therapy has been compared with partial-thickness burn injury treatment. The absence of burned tissue can dampen fluid requirements and metabolic needs of toxic epidermal necrolysis in comparison to equivalent burn injury. In the following case report, a 69-year-old woman with multiple medical problems developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after treatment with metolazone and phenytoin. Her measured energy expenditure (3360 kcal) was considerably higher than previously reported caloric expenditure in toxic epidermal necrolysis patients (2500 kcal).
New Reproductive Technologies: Concerns of Feminists and Researchers

This article reviews six major concerns in the feminist literature about the new reproductive technologies: (1) risks to women's health, (2) threats to women's reproductive rights and options, (3) discriminatory costs and benefits, (4) the expense of the procedures and their potential to funnel scarce resources from other pressing health and social needs, (5) issues related to prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapy, and (6) the minimal involvement of women in policy debates. The article also suggests some areas in which further research is necessary.
Influenza vaccination among emergency medical services and emergency department personnel.

Objectives. Influenza vaccination has long been recommended for health care workers, but vaccination rates among this group have been low. Data on emergency medical services (EMS) personnel's vaccination status have not been published. This study compared self-reported vaccination rates and barriers among EMS and emergency department (ED) personnel. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of full-time EMS providers servicing metropolitan Rochester, New York, and a convenience sample of ED personnel in an academic medical center in Rochester, New York. Surveys, completed during July and August 2006, focused on influenza vaccination status for the 2005–2006 season and opinions regarding the vaccination. Immunization rates of EMS providers and ED personnel were compared using the chi-square calculation. Results. Surveys were completed by 128 EMS providers (100% of eligible) and 128 ED personnel (100% of approached). Among EMS providers, 27 of 128 (21%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14%–29%), and among ...
Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), a Putative Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Containing a Novel Immunoglobulin Domain, Is Up-regulated in Renal Cells after Injury

We report the identification of rat and human cDNAs for a type 1 membrane protein that contains a novel six-cysteine immunoglobulin-like domain and a mucin domain; it is named kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Structurally, KIM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily most reminiscent of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1). Human KIM-1 exhibits homology to a monkey gene, hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1 (HAVcr-1), which was identified recently as a receptor for the hepatitis A virus. KIM-1 mRNA and protein are expressed at a low level in normal kidney but are increased dramatically in postischemic kidney. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that KIM-1 is expressed in proliferating bromodeoxyuridine-positive and dedifferentiated vimentin-positive epithelial cells in regenerating proximal tubules. Structure and expression data suggest that KIM-1 is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule up-regulated in the cells, which are dedifferentiated and undergoing replication. KIM-1 may play an important role in the restoration of the morphological integrity and function to postischemic kidney.
Correcting temperature data sets.

We agree with C. A. Mears and F. J. Wentz (“The effect of diurnal correction on satellite- derived lower tropospheric temperature,” Reports, 2 Sept., p. [1548][1]; published online 11 Aug.) that our University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) method of calculating a diurnal correction to our lower
Model studies for the total synthesis of the maytansinoids based on the intramolecular nitrile oxide-olefin [3+2] cycloaddition reaction

Abstract The macrocyclization of the olefinic nitrile oxide 30 to the ansa-macrolide skeleton 37 , a model for a novel approach to the maytansinoids, is described.
Fluvial processes and recumbently folded crossbeds in the Pennsylvanian Sharon Conglomerate in Summit County, Ohio, U.S.A.

Abstract The Sharon Conglomerate in northern Ohio represents braided streams in incised paleovalleys. It is distinguished by big compound bars, huge scours (apparently at braid-channel confluences in front of the bars), and abundant, world-class, recumbently overturned crossbeds (tangential and tabular foresets deformed into horizontally oriented V's and parabolic U's). Elsewhere, these have usually been attributed to liquefaction by earthquakes followed by deformation under normal stream currents, but earthquakes seem insufficiently frequent, incapable of causing distinctive bar-head upthrusting, and unlikely to result in deformation that was not exactly parallel to paleoflow. We suggest that sudden-onslaught floods may provide a more attractive explanation in many cases.
Word-Identification Priming for Ignored and Attended Words ☆

Three experiments examined contributions of study phase awareness of word identity to subsequent word-identification priming by manipulating visual attention to words at study. In Experiment 1, word-identification priming was reduced for ignored relative to attended words, even though ignored words were identified sufficiently to produce negative priming in the study phase. Word-identification priming was also reduced after color naming relative to emotional valence rating (Experiment 2) or word reading (Experiment 3), even though an effect of emotional valence upon color naming (Experiment 2) indicated that words were identified at study. Thus, word-identification priming was reduced even when word identification occurred at study. Word-identification priming may depend on awareness of word identity at the time of study.
Biochemical changes across a carbon saturation gradient: Lignin, cutin, and suberin decomposition and stabilization in fractionated carbon pools

Abstract Soils that exhibit soil organic carbon (SOC) saturation provide an opportunity to examine mechanisms of C storage in soils with increasingly limited C-stabilization potential. A manure rate experiment in Lethbridge, Alberta, in which SOC responded asymptotically to long-term manure C additions, allowed us to assess changes in SOC biochemical composition in response to soil C saturation. By quantifying the cupric oxide oxidation products of lignin, cutin, and suberin in fractionated SOC pools that are characterized by chemical (i.e., mineral-associated), physical (i.e., microaggregate-associated), or no protection (i.e., free particulate organic matter), we evaluated the interaction between C saturation and the biochemical characteristics of SOC. We tested the specific responses of soil fraction lignin, cutin, and suberin to C saturation level by using the bulk soil to approximate C-input composition across manure input treatments. Carbon-normalized lignin (lignin-VSC/OC) in the chemically protected fractions did not differ, while in the non-protected and physically protected soil fractions, it decreased with C saturation level. Neither the stabilization of cutin and suberin, nor the lignin:cutin + suberin ratio, differed in any of the measured soil fractions in response to C saturation level. These results indicate that with C saturation and decreased C stabilization potential, lignin, cutin, or suberin were not preferentially stabilized or depleted in mineral protected soil C pools. The lack of evidence for biochemical preference in mineral associations with C saturation supports the existence of an outer kinetic zone of organomineral associations, in which partitioning of organic compounds, rather than sorption, controls mineral SOC accumulation at high SOC loadings. Furthermore, despite theories of inherent lignin recalcitrance, depleted lignin concentrations with C saturation in the non-protected and aggregate protected fractions indicate that lignin was, in this study, preferentially decomposed when not protected by association with mineral phases in the soil. In conclusion, C-input quantity, and not quality, combined with physical and chemical protection mechanisms that govern long-term C storage, appeared to control C saturation and stabilization at this site.
The spatial variation in unemployment and labour force participation rates of male and female workers

Lillydahl J. H. and Singell L. D. (1985) The spatial variation in unemployment and labour force participation rates of male and female workers, Reg. Studies 19, 459–469. This paper investigates the spatial patterns of male and female unemployment and labour force participation rates. The theoretical underpinnings for differences in work and residential choices for males and females are reviewed. Census tract data from five metropolitan areas in the United States are examined. We find that no significant pattern exists for overall labour market activity; however, when male and female unemployment and participation rates are analysed separately, significant and dissimilar spatial patterns exist for each. Hence, returns from relocating industry, improving transportation, investing in human capital or providing job information need to be evaluated in sex-specific terms.
Black on white: Film noir and the epistemology of race in recent african american cinema

L'A. repere dans le cinema afro-americain actuel l'utilisation des conventions et des techniques du film noir pour rendre compte du combat contre la suprematie des Blancs et l'oppression raciste dans la vie quotidienne des Noirs. Des annees 1950 aux annees 199O, de Joseph Mankiewicz a Spike Lee, l'A. observe la resurgence des themes philosophiques de la race, du determinisme et de la marginalisation comme autant de critiques de la culture americaine dominante et de ses conceptions inadequates de la justice et de la morale.
An Investigation of NO2 Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Fumigated with H2 and Natural Gas

The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions of diesel engines consist of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Although emitted at small amounts, NO2 has higher toxicity and causes more health and environmental issues than NO. This research investigates the impact of the addition of hydrogen (H2), natural gas (NG), and engine load on NO2 emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine converted to operate using dual fuel combustion mode. The substitution of a small amount of H2 or NG for the diesel fuel substantially increased NO2 emissions, but had a very mild impact on the combustion process. In comparison, the substitution of a large amount of H2 and NG for the diesel fuel dramatically altered the combustion process and produced more NO2 than the diesel-only operation, but produced less NO2 than the addition of a small amount of H2 and NG. A preliminary analysis revealed a firm correlation between NO2 emissions and the emissions of the unburned H2 or CH4, and their relative emissions. The importance of th...
An athermal design on LPG-based tunable filter

In this paper, a unique all-fiber tunable filter based on the combination of single resonant band long period grating (LPG) and harsh environment electro-optic polymer second cladding layer is presented. The single resonant band LPG is used to select the resonant wavelength and the tuning of resonant wavelength is realized by changing the refractive index of electro-optic polymer cladding layer via external electric field. Although the basic operational principle and implementation of this unique tunable filter have been previously reported by authors, this paper is focused on athermal operation design and synthesis of harsh environment electro-optic polymer, which enhances the practicability of proposed tunable filter.
Variation in the appearance of SV40 tumor antigen in transformed cells

Abstract Five types of variation in the appearance of SV40 T antigen have been observed by immunofluorescence in wild-type and tsD∗101 transformed BALB and Swiss/3T3 cells: (1) clones having more than 95% uniformly stained nuclei; (2) clones having variable stained nuclei; (3) clones having T-negative nuclei at the periphery at 39 °C, but not at 33 °C; (4) D101 cells having T-negative nuclei at 39 °C, but not at 33 °C, during growth and after saturation; and (5) wild type cells having T-negative nuclei after confluence at both 33 and 39 °C. This fifth type of variation may involve an immuno-specificity change in the T antigen molecule. Any models proposed for the regulation of SV40 T antigen in transformed cells will have to explain these variations.
What is ‘competence’ and how should education incorporate new technology's tools to generate ‘competent civic agents’

This article addresses the competences needed in twenty-first-century life, especially in relation to civic participation, and the educational requirements to foster them in young people. New technologies are widely used by young people for informal social interaction, video game-playing and giving voice to their views. Incorporation of these practices into the classroom has been fairly slow, despite their manifest potential for promoting agency and civic engagement. The article argues that this is in part due to the need for a cultural shift in education to accommodate them. Currently, many competences young people will need for the future world of interactive technology and ‘bottom-up’ information, communication and democracy are mainly being developed through informal practices. These competences, which include adaptability, managing ambiguity and agency are discussed in relation to civic participation.