cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glacial Tectonism and Deformation of Marine Sediments in the Central Chilean Fjords

Canal Errazuriz lies just west of the central Andean Cordillera of southern Chile (Fig. 1). During the last glaciation it was the approximate geographic location of the ice divide for an expansive Andean ice cap and was also the site of late glacial residual ice which persisted until the earliest Holocene. Remnant cirque glaciers are present today to the east of the region, however Holocene sedimentation in the fjords at this location has been dominated by non-glacial fluvial and hemipelagic sedimentation.
Natural deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: Recent developments, challenges and novel opportunities.

Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals has attracted immense research and development around the world. Lowering recalcitrance of biomass in a cost-effective manner is a challenge to commercialize biomass-based technologies. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new ‘green' solvents that have a high potential for biomass processing because of their low cost, low toxicity, biodegradability, easy recycling and reuse. This article discusses the properties of DESs and recent advances in their application for lignocellulosic biomass processing. The effectiveness of DESs in hydrolyzing lignin-carbohydrate complexes, removing lignin/hemicellulose from biomass as well as their effect on biomass deconstruction, crystallinity and enzymatic digestibility have been discussed. Moreover, this review presents recent findings on the compatibility of natural DESs with enzymes and microorganisms.
Panel Conditioning in the Survey of Consumer Expectations

Panel conditioning occurs when participation in previous survey rounds affects how respondents answer questions in later rounds. I document panel conditioning effects in reported inflation expectations and other responses in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Survey of Consumer Expectations. Even controlling for attrition effects, inflation point forecasts and uncertainty decline gradually over a respondent's first few survey rounds. Point forecasts are more than 3 percentage points higher in a respondent's first round and 2 percentage points higher in her second round than in her final round, and revisions are more common between earlier rounds. I provide several examples of how panel conditioning can influence results when using the survey data to monitor expectations, study expectations formation, or study the link between expectations and behavior.
A roadmap for discretely energy-stable schemes for dissipative systems based on a generalized auxiliary variable with guaranteed positivity

Abstract We present a framework for devising discretely energy-stable schemes for general dissipative systems based on a generalized auxiliary variable. The auxiliary variable, a scalar number, can be defined in terms of the energy functional by a general class of functions, not limited to the square root function adopted in previous approaches. The current method has another remarkable property: the computed values for the generalized auxiliary variable are guaranteed to be positive on the discrete level, regardless of the time step sizes or the external forces. This property of guaranteed positivity is not available in previous approaches. A unified procedure for treating the dissipative governing equations and the generalized auxiliary variable on the discrete level has been presented. The discrete energy stability of the proposed numerical scheme and the positivity of the computed auxiliary variable have been proved for general dissipative systems. The current method, termed gPAV (generalized Positive Auxiliary Variable), requires only the solution of linear algebraic equations within a time step. With appropriate choice of the operator in the algorithm, the resultant linear algebraic systems upon discretization involve only constant and time-independent coefficient matrices, which only need to be computed once and can be pre-computed. Several specific dissipative systems are studied in relative detail using the gPAV framework. Ample numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method, and the robustness of the scheme at large time step sizes.
The effect of social connectedness on consumer adoption of social commerce in apparel shopping

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social connectedness on social media users’ attitudes and intentions towards adopting social commerce in the technology acceptance model (TAM). Data collected from young adult social media users (n = 446) in the US support the proposed model. A structural equation model shows that social connectedness positively influences social media users’ perceptions of ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment, which in turn, influence their attitudes and intentions towards adopting social commerce in apparel shopping. The impact of social connectedness is stronger on perceived ease of use than other TAM variables. Perceived enjoyment has the strongest impact on attitudes, and attitudes strongly influence consumer intentions for adopting social commerce for apparel purchases. Results of this study reveal that social connectedness enhances social media users’ perceptions of social commerce and positively leads to the adoption of social commerce in apparel shopping. Findings indicate that social connectedness has an indirect effect on attitudes towards social commerce through utilitarian (i.e., ease of use and usefulness) and hedonic (i.e., enjoyment) perceptions of social commerce. These findings highlight the importance of social connectedness through utilitarian and hedonic perceptions in enhancing consumers’ adoption of social commerce for purchasing apparel products.
Leukemic infiltration in the settings of acute respiratory failure

Hematological malignancies need special attention in the intensive care unit (ICU). Leukemia has numerous presentations in the ICU. Most commonly, these patients present with complications of therapy. Infection and neutropenia are major reasons for ICU admission. Pulmonary complications in patients with leukemia are often due to pneumonia, hemorrhage, edema or drug toxicity; however, pulmonary leukemic infiltration is a well-known complication in all types of pneumonia but is not well described in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. It can contribute to a rapid decline in respiratory status. Distinguishing among infection, pulmonary edema and leukemic infiltrates can be challenging. Characteristic radiological patterns have been described but are still challenging to recognize. Critical care management in these cases can have a large impact, and early intervention could be lifesaving in the appropriate clinical setting.
Controlled drug release from polyelectrolyte-drug conjugate nanoparticles

Encapsulating drugs in functional nanoparticles provides controlled and targeted release of drugs. In this study, a general approach for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs in polyelectrolyte nanoparticles was developed for a controlled drug release. Gemcitabine (GEM), an anticancer drug for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), was used as a model drug to produce poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-GEM conjugate nanoparticles to achieve a controlled release of GEM in cells. The PAA-GEM conjugate nanoparticles were fabricated by coupling GEM onto PAA through the formation of amide bonds. The hydrophobic interactions of GEM molecules induced the formation of the nanoparticles with the GEM core and PAA shell. Fabrication conditions such as the PAA/GEM ratio and pH were optimized to achieve high structure stability and drug loading efficiency. The size and surface charge of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurement. The optimized PAA-GEM nanoparticles had a size around 12 nm, 30 nm and 60 nm in dry state, water, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was 29.29 ± 1.7%, and the loading capacity was 9.44 ± 0.46%. Less than 7% GEM was released from the PAA-GEM nanoparticles after 96 hour incubation in phosphate buffered saline. The cytotoxic efficacy of the PAA-GEM nanoparticles in cancer cells was investigated through viability studies of PANC-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line. It was found that the PAA-GEM nanoparticles had more than a 48 hour delay of releasing GEM and had the same cytotoxic efficacy in PANC-1 cells as free GEM. The uptake of the PAA-GEM nanoparticles by PANC-1 cells was investigated using PAA-GEM labeled by rhodamine G6. Fluorescence and bright field overlay images indicated that the PAA-GEM nanoparticles were taken up by PANC-1 cells within 2 hours. It is believed that the PAA-GEM nanoparticles were decomposed in PANC-1 cells and GEM was released from the nanoparticles.
Chapter 5 – Colloidal quantum dots of III–V semiconductors*

Publisher Summary Quantum dots (QP) of the III–V semiconductors InP, GaP, GaInP2, InAs, and GaAs can be prepared by nonaqueous colloidal chemical synthesis at temperatures ranging from about 250 to 400 °C, depending on the specific compound and the desired QD size. The QD size for the synthesis can range from about 20 to 100 A, and the size distribution around the mean diameter can be typically from about 5% to 10%. The synthesis requires capping the quantum dots with a stabilizing molecular species, such as, trioctylphosphine oxide, to control the QD size and the size distribution. The capping species can be subsequently replaced with different molecules of varying length and type, or eliminated completely. As a result, the QDs can be formed into powders or suspended in various liquids or solids (such as polymers or organic and inorganic glasses). The best colloidal III–V QDs synthesized are InP QDs and the treatment with HP results in the elimination of deep surface traps and produces band edge emission with very high quantum yields. The color of these dots ranges from deep red to green, corresponding to a size range of 60 to 26 A, respectively.
Interview Invitations: What to Expect

This chapter is dedicated to the technical and logistical aspects of the MD/PhD interview sessions. These interview sessions can be up to 4 days long and include fancy dinners, medical school tours, talks, and even city tours, in addition to interviews with medical school admissions committee members, MD/PhD admissions committee members, and research faculty. These interview sessions are meant to be fun and exciting. They give applicants a chance to learn about the school and its programs. Therefore, attending these interviews is critical, not only for one’s application but also for the eventual decision that applicants may have to make when selecting which school to attend. By providing advice on planning and scheduling interviews, detailing different events that programs offer, and listing sample interview schedules, this chapter aims to elucidate what applicants should expect during MD/PhD interview visits and to help make these experiences interesting and enjoyable.
COVID-19 and Digital Contact Tracing: Regulating the Future of Public Health Surveillance

Digital surveillance tools⎼⎼technological means of monitoring, tracking, and notifying⎼⎼are at the forefront of public health response strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehensive and effective digital public health surveillance requires that public health authorities, regulatory powers, and developers consider interdisciplinary approaches. This entails accounting for the use of tracking technologies and location and proximity data; notification systems from tech companies; and laws and regulations associated with health information, biometric privacy, and mobile data. Of particular importance is incorporation of epidemiological considerations in development and implementation of digital tools, including usability across mobile devices, interoperability, regulation of literacy and disability compatibility, and incentivization for adoption. It is both feasible and prudent that the United States establish a federal network for public health surveillance aided by digital tools, especially considering that waves of COVID-19 are expected to continue well into 2021 and while the threat of other emerging infectious diseases persists.
The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board Precision Oncology elective for Medical Oncology fellows.

11035Background: The accelerated impact of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical decision making requires the integration of cancer genomics and precision oncology focused training into medi...
Critical Civic Motivation of Marginalized Youth: An Expectancy-Value Approach:

The present study advances a model of critical civic motivation grounded in expectancy-value theory and highlights diverse manifestations of motivation among marginalized adolescents. The participa...
Nodal Involvement in Hodgkin Disease

Hodgkin Disease (HD) is an uncommon disease, accounting for less than 1% of all neoplasms that occur yearly in the United States, and only 30% of all lymphomas. Despite this, it has been estimated that nearly 8,000 new cases of HD will be diagnosed in 2003, and that approximately 1,300 patients will die, These statistics, coupled with a appreciation for the remarkable advances that have been achieved in the understanding, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of Hodgkin’s, have caused HD to become a subject of fascination for oncologists and radiologists alike (Fig. 2.1).
Correlation Between DNA and Protein Sequences in β-Galactosidase Related Proteins

The lactose operon of Escherichia coli has been a valuable tool for studying protein-nucleic acid interactions and correlations. Work in this laboratory is concerned not only with gene protein correlations, but also with structure-function relationships and evolution of proteins. The emphasis has been on lac proteins, in particular β-galactosidase. In order to understand and to define this system, it was important to determine the protein and nucleic acid sequences of the complete operon. The four proteins coded for by lacI, lacZ, lacY and lacA are the repressor (39,000 dalton subunit), β-galactosidase (116K), lac permease (46K) and thiogalactosidase transacetylase (25K), respectively (Fig. 1).
The parameters of informed consent.

Purpose To describe the components of a proper informed consent; which risks must be disclosed and which need not; additional safeguards for incapacitated persons, minors, and research subjects; and where the law will imply consent that is not otherwise obtained. Methods Summarization of current law obtained from legal treatises, reports of recent cases, and personal experience as a reviewer and expert. Results Lack of informed consent can reinforce a claim of medical malpractice or serve as an alternative point of attack when the case is otherwise weak. Special requirements must be met when patients are the subjects of clinical research. Conclusion Demonstration of a well-conducted process, not merely of a paper, not only protects the physician from exposure to liability, but increases the patient's autonomy in decisions concerning health and encourages compliance with treatment.
Impulsive Hydrodynamics of Submerged Rigid Bodies

A theoretical approach to the calculation of hydrodynamic loads is outlined herein and numerical results are presented for several submerged configurations. Computations were carried out for a number of configurations including a vertical cone, sphere, and vertical circular cylinder and various comparisons with classical results are made. Numerical results for these submerged structures are presented in the form of a dimensionless hydrodynamic load parameter or added mass coefficient. Results corresponding to a number of different water depths are presented to show the rather sizable effect of the relative water depth on the hydrodynamic force. It is shown that for typical earthquake frequencies, the effect of the free water surface is to reduce the hydrodynamic loads in comparison to the corresponding infinite depth values. Experimental results obtained by vibration testing show excellent agreement with the theoretical results.
Approximate Decoupling of Regularly Perturbed Nonlinear Systems

Conditions for static state feedback decoupling with internal stability may not hold for a regularly perturbed system even though they hold for the unperturbed system. We show for the case where the objective for the decoupled controller is asymptotic trackimg, that with small iterative corrections on the decoupling controller for the unperturbed system, we can achieve decoupled tracking within 0( E k) error where k is the order of the iteration, even when the regular perturbation makes the system nonminimum phase.
Using stochastic intervals to predict application behavior on contended resources

Current distributed parallel platforms can provide the resources required to execute a scientific application efficiently. However when these platforms are shared by multiple users, performance prediction becomes increasingly difficult due to the dynamic behavior of the system. This paper addresses the use of stochastic values, represented by intervals, to parameterize performance models. We describe a method for using upper and lower bound information to parameterize application prediction models in order to make better predictions about the application's behavior in a contentious environment. We demonstrate this technique for a set of 3 applications under different workloads on a production network of workstations.
Abscess due to perforated appendicitis: factors associated with successful percutaneous drainage

Abstract Background Percutaneous drainage is the standard treatment for perforated appendicitis with abscess. We studied factors associated with complete resolution (CR) with percutaneous drainage alone. Methods Ninety-eight patients underwent percutaneous drainage for acute appendicitis complicated by abscess (October 1990 to September 2010). CR was defined as clinical recovery, resolution of the abscess on imaging, and drain removal without recurrence. Patients achieving CR were compared with patients not achieving CR. Results The rate of CR was 78.6% (n = 77). Abscess grade was the only radiological factor associated with CR ( P = .007). The CR rate was higher with transgluteal drainage (90.9% vs 79.2%) than with other anatomic approaches ( P = .018) and higher with computed tomography-guided drainage than with ultrasound-guided drainage (82.7% vs 64.3%, P = .046). Conclusion CR was more likely to be achieved in patients with lower abscess grade, computed tomography-guided drainage, and a transgluteal approach.
Differential co-expression of long and short form type IX collagen transcripts during avian limb chondrogenesis in ovo.

Using RNA blot analysis of developmentally staged avian limb buds, we demonstrate that transcripts of several cartilage marker genes appear in limb tissue prior to overt chondrogenesis. Type II collagen mRNA, cartilage proteoglycan core protein mRNA, alpha 2(IX) collagen mRNA, and transcripts of the short form alpha 1(IX) collagen chain derived from the downstream promoter are co-expressed in limb tissue approximately 24–36 hours before the appearance of the respective polypeptides in differentiating cartilagenous tissue. Transcripts of the long form alpha 1(IX) collagen chain derived from the upstream promoter appear somewhat later in development; nearly coincident with the immunolocalization of type IX collagen in the cartilage elements of the limb. The spatial distribution of type II and type IX collagen transcripts was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Type II collagen and the long form alpha 1(IX) collagen transcripts co-localized in the chondrogenic elements of the developing forelimb. In contrast, short form alpha 1(IX) collagen transcripts which lack the 5′ region encoding the NC4 globular amino-terminal domain were distributed throughout the non-chondrogenic, non-myogenic mesenchymal regions of the limb and were not detectable above background levels in the limb chondrogenic elements. The precocious appearance of several cartilage marker gene transcripts prior to chondrogenesis suggests that multiple levels of gene regulation including alternative promoter use, alternative RNA splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and other post-transcriptional as well as translational mechanisms are active prior to, and during avian limb chondrogenesis.
Efficient transformation by Prague A Rous sarcoma virus plasmid DNA requires the presence of cis-acting regions within the gag gene.

Abstract A region in addition to and outside the long terminal repeats (LTRs) in the gag gene of the Prague A strain of Rous sarcoma virus was found to be essential in cis for efficient cell transformation by cloned viral DNA. Transformation in chicken embryo fibroblasts, which requires infectious virus production and reinfection, was facilitated in cis by sequences between nucleotides 630 and 1659. Efficient transformation of NIH 3T3 cells in which secondary spread of virus is not necessary (as it is in chicken embryo fibroblasts) required sequences between nucleotides 630 and 1149. A src cDNA clone which also lacks this region demonstrated low transformation efficiency, indicating that the role of the cis element cannot be attributed to interference with RNA splicing. The gag gene segment required in cis for transformation, between nucleotides 630 and 1149, could substitute for the simian virus 40 enhancer in either orientation, and cells transfected with Rous sarcoma virus LTR-driven plasmids containing the gag cis element had a two- to threefold increase in steady-state viral RNA levels compared with plasmids lacking this region. Thus, additional cis-acting regulatory elements located outside the viral LTRs may modulate viral gene expression and contribute to the efficiency of cell transformation.
Aggression, sex role measures, and Kohut's psychology of the self

Recent controversies concerning the relationship between aggression and sex role development were evaluated in light of Heinz Kohut's psychoanalytic psychology of the self. Masculinity roughly corresponded to grandiose elements of Kohut's bipolar self while femininity was linked to its idealizing sector. As predicted, self-reported aggressiveness reflected an immature grandiosity; and associations of assertiveness with both masculine and grandiose personality styles supported Kohut's claim that adjustment can evolve out of more aggressive forms of self-functioning. Socially desirable forms of femininity had the advantage of being incompatible with aggressiveness, but they also failed to promote assertiveness. Androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated sex roles displayed largely predictable parallels with synthetic, internal, external, and archaic narcissistic styles. As in previous research, therefore, Kohut's theory proved useful in examining the mental health implications of traditional sex roles.
Management of Heart Transplant Recipients: Reference for Primary Care Physicians

Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for a select group of patients with end-stage heart failure. Survival rates have increased and complication rates have decreased due to better immunosuppressive agents, improvement in organ procurement and surgical technique, and overall increase in experience for performing heart transplantation. Involvement from primary care physicians is very important to optimize postoperative management of heart transplant recipients. In this article, we discuss the indications for heart transplantation, physiology of the denervated heart, the standard postoperative care of adult heart transplant recipients, and long-term complications. Primary care physicians must play an increasing role in the management of heart transplant recipients in the age of managed care and increasing survival rates.
A methodology for parallel processing design tradeoffs

A methodology is developed for determining how much parallelism is optimal if a given job stream is to be executed without multiprogramming. Qualitative design tradeoffs are inferred from the cost-performance effect of parallelism on different hardware subsystems. Measures of software parallelism are analytically related to measures of hardware performance. It is shown that an increase in hardware parallelism may be desirable even though it causes an increase in job processing cost and/or a decrease in hardware efficiency.
A stochastic kinematic model of class averaging in single-particle electron microscopy

Single-particle electron microscopy is an experimental technique that is used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) structure of biological macromolecules and the complexes that they form. In general, image processing techniques and reconstruction algorithms are applied to micrographs, which are 2D images taken by electron microscopes. Each of these planar images can be thought of as a projection of the macromolecular structure of interest from an a priori unknown direction. A class is defined as a collection of projection images with a high degree of similarity, presumably resulting from taking projections along similar directions. In practice, micrographs are very noisy and those in each class are aligned and averaged in order to reduce the background noise. Errors in the alignment process are inevitable due to noise in the electron micrographs. This error results in blurry averaged images. In this paper, we investigate how blurring parameters are related to the properties of the background noise in the case when the alignment is achieved by matching the mass centers and the principal axes of the experimental images. We observe that the background noise in micrographs can be treated as Gaussian. Using the mean and variance of the background Gaussian noise, we derive equations for the mean and variance of translational and rotational misalignments in the class averaging process. This defines a Gaussian probability density on the Euclidean motion group of the plane. Our formulation is validated by convolving the derived blurring function representing the stochasticity of the image alignments with the underlying noiseless projection and comparing with the original blurry image.
The effects of neuraminidase treatment on the biological activities of factor VIII

Abstract Complete removal of sialic acid from bovine Factor VIII by treatment with neuraminidase results in no loss of platelet agglutinating factor activity or procoagulant activity. There is no alteration in the immunological properties of the molecule, as measured by double immunodiffusion or the Laurell assay, although its electrophoretic mobility is slightly decreased. Removal of sialic acid from human Factor VIII, however, results in a 74 percent loss of ristocetin cofactor activity.
NDE MODELS — AN ENGINEERING BASE FOR CHARACTERIZING DISCRETE ANOMALIES AND CONTINUOUSLY DISTRIBUTED MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Abstract Over the past several years, analytic and numerical models have been developed that describe various details of the measurement process for several NDE modalities (ultrasonics, eddy current, and radiography). These "measurement models". Probability of Detection (POD) models, and more recently. their coupling to Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) now provide an engneering base for the characterization of discrete anomalies. Examples of these advances will be reviewed, including their enabling role in the achievement of an inspectability in-design capability. Discussion will then turn to similar advances for the case of variations in continuously distributed material propertics rather than discrete flaws. Some examples of this case exist. such as the characterization of porosity and grain structure, and will be reviewed. It will be suggested that an extension of these modelling capabilities is an important element of the nondestructive characterization of materials and of such engineering paradigms as Int...
Cell architecture and morphogenesis II. Examples in embryology

Abstract ‘From Nature's chain whatever link you strike, tenth or ten thousandth, breaks the chain alike'. Another quotation from Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man (1733) provides the setting for this description of how morphogenetic tissue movements can be related to the specific changes in cell form that are determined by the cytoskeletal proteins.
The effect of varied amounts of starch, sucrose, and lipids on the fatty acids of the boll weevil.

Variations in the amounts of sucrose, starch, lipid, and lipid with different amounts of fatty acids affect the amount of triglycerides and the composition of fatty acids found in the lipids of adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Artificial diets that contained 4% or 8% starch, 2% starch plus 2% sucrose, 4% starch plus 4% sucrose, 4% sucrose plus 4% Alphacel, and 4, 8, or 12% sucrose with 0.1% lipid were used as larval and adult diets for the boll weevil. Soybean, peanut, and linseed oils at 0.1% and 0.5% were incorporated into diets for the weevil. Lipids were extracted from the diet and from the weevils, and the percent lipid, percent triglyceride, and composition of the fatty acids in the lipids were determined. The amount of lipids and triglycerides were greatest on diets with 4% or more sucrose. The amount and type of carbohydrate had a significant effect on relative fatty acid content of the weevil; for example, 4% starch diets produced 8.9%, 0.5, 11.1, 30.0, 26.5, and 20.8% of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, respectively; diets with 12% sucrose produced 21.7, 8.4, 6.7, 58.8, 1.8, and 2.2% of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, respectively. Diets with increased percentages of surcrose produced weevils with lowered percentages of linoleic and linolenic acids. RESUME INFLUENCE D'DIFFERENTES TENEURS EN AMIDON, SUCROSE ET LIPIDES SUR LE CORPS GRAS DE ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS La teneur en triglycerides et la composition des acides gras des adultes d'Anthonomus grandis sont affectees par les taux d'amidon, de sucrose, de lipide et le taux d'acides gras des lipides des aliments. Les larves et les adultes ont ete nourris sur regimes artificiels contenant 4% ou 8% d'amidon, 2% d'amidon et 2% de sucrose, 4% d'amidon et 4% de sucrose, 4% de sucrose et 4% d‘“alphacel”, et enfin 4%, 8% et 12% de sucrose avec 0.1% de lipide. Des huiles de soja, d'arachide et de graine de lin a 0,1% et 0,5% ont ete incorporees dans les aliments de A. grandis. Les lipides, les triglycerides, les acides gras des lipides des regimes alimentaires et des insectes ont ete doses. Les teneurs en lipides et triglycerides sont plus elevees avec des regimes contenant 4% ou plus de sucrose. Le taux et la nature de l'hydrate de carbone ont une influence significative sur la teneur relative en acide gras de l'insecte; par exemple des regimes a 4% d'amidon induisent respectivement des teneurs en acides palmitique, palmitoleique, stearique, oleique, linoleique et linolenique de 8,9%; 0,5; 11,1; 30,0; 26,5 et 20,8%; tandis que des regimes avec 12% de sucrose donnent 21,7; 8,4; 6,7; 58,8; 1,8 et 2,2% pour les memes acides gras. Des regimes avec des teneurs croissantes en sucrose produisent des insectes avec des taux degressifs d'acides linoleique et linolenique.
A class of saturated row-column designs

Abstract A new class of row–column designs is proposed. These designs are saturated in terms of eliminating two-way heterogeneity with an additive model. The (m,s)-criterion is used to select optimal designs. It turns out that all (m,s)-optimal designs are binary. Square (m,s)-optimal designs are constructed and they are treatment-connected. Thus, all treatment contrasts are estimable regardless of the row and column effects.
Design and optimization of a morphing aileron control surface using FMC actuators

A process for the design and optimization of a morphing aileron using flexible matrix composite (FMC) actuators is developed. Design requirements were based on the use of a morphing aileron with an existing medium size commercial transport aircraft limiting the planform to the existing conventional aileron. The design uses two sets of contracting FMC actuators operating independently to actuate the deformable aileron in both trailing edge up and down cases while matching coefficient of lift values of a conventional aileron. The design was optimized by developing a series of response models which were then used to understand the sensitivity to material, geometric and loading design variables while minimizing required force from the FMC actuators. Using a combination of response models and sequential quadratic programming algorithm, a design is chosen that matched the conventional ailerons performance at multiple flight conditions.
Knowledge acquisition in rule-based systems: knowledge about representation as a basis for system construction and maintenance

Recent research efforts aimed at task-oriented systems have emphasized the importance of large stores of domainspecific knowledge as a basis for high performance. But assembling the required knowledge base is a difficult task that often extends over several years, and involves numerous modifications to the knowledge base. Given the difficulty of making even srnall changes to a program, this presents a challenging problem in system construction.
Novel titanium constructs for chest wall reconstruction in children

Abstract Purpose We have previously reported the use of the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) for treatment of thoracic dystrophy. This report describes our experience with this device and other novel titanium constructs for chest wall reconstruction. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of all children and adolescents undergoing chest wall reconstruction with titanium constructs between December 2005 and May 2010. Results Six patients have undergone chest wall reconstruction with VEPTR or other titanium constructs. Four had chest wall resection for primary malignancy, 1 had metastatic chest wall tumor resection, and 1 had congenital chest wall deformity. There were no immediate complications, and all patients have exhibited excellent respiratory function with no scoliosis. Conclusions Chest wall reconstruction after tumor resection or for primary chest wall deformities can be effectively accomplished with VEPTR and other customized titanium constructs. Goals should be durable protection of intrathoracic organs and preservation of thoracic volume and function throughout growth. Careful preoperative evaluation and patient-specific planning are important aspects of successful reconstruction.
A Unique Presentation of an Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm-Case Report

A patient with end-stage renal disease treated with peritoneal dialysis had two old, thrombosed hemodialysis access grafts in her upper limb. She presented with the puzzling problem of a slowly recurring hematoma over the venous anastomo sis of the upper arm graft . When the hematoma was explored surgically, its source was not immediately apparent; however, when the arterial anastomosis of the upper arm graft was subsequently explored, a small anastomotic pseudoaneurysm was encountered. Blood from the pseudoaneurysm had been dissecting between the graft and its fibrous tunnel and slowly accumulating at the venous anastomosis. Pseudoaneurysms occur in less than 5% of dialysis access grafts. They almost invariably present as a pulsatile hematoma over the arterial anastomosis or over a needle hole in a patent graft. The case described herein is interesting because of its unique presentation.
Capture and printing of fixed stromal cell membranes for bioactive display on PDMS surfaces.

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has emerged as an extremely useful polymer for various biological applications. The conjugation of PDMS with bioactive molecules to create functional surfaces is feasible yet limited to a single-molecule display with imprecise localization of the molecules on PDMS. Here we report a robust technique that can transfer and print the membrane surface of glutaraldehyde-fixed stromal cells intact onto a PDMS substrate using an intermediate polyvinylalcohol (PVA) film as a transporter system. The cell-PVA film capturing the entirety of surface molecules can be peeled off and subsequently printed onto PDMS while maintaining the spatial display of the original cell surface molecules. Proof-of-concept studies are described using human bone marrow stromal cell membranes including a demonstration of the bioactivity of transferred membranes to capture and adhere hematopoietic cells. The presented process is applicable to virtually any adherent cell and can broaden the functional display o...
Adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activity in cerebral cortex of normal and undernourished neonatal rats

Abstract Adenyl cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were measured in homogenates of cerebral cortex from well-fed and undernourished rats at 3, 10, and 19 days after birth and in homogenates from normal adult rats. The specific activities of both enzymes increased progressively between 3 and 19 days postpartum, and were the same in cortical homogenates from well-fed and undernourished rats. In the adult, adenyl cyclase was approximately half the value observed at 19 days of age. Activities of adenyl cyclase in whole homogenates of cerebral cortices were, in part, dependent upon the presence of low concentrations of a soluble, heat stable cellular component.
Inaugural address of the President-elect. The "University of ASHP": teaching and learning in a new world of practice.

As I begin my formal remarks this morning, I’d like to take a few minutes to acknowledge some very special people who are here with us today. First, I want to recognize the ASHP staff. They are our crown jewel, and I never take them for granted. I know that our membership feels the same way.
Non-ribozyme sequences enhance self-cleavage of ribozymes derived from Hepatitis delta virus

Analysis of the self-cleavage of ribozymes derived from the genomic RNA of Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has revealed that certain co-transcribed vector sequences significantly affect the activity of the ribozyme. Specifically, the t1/2 of self-cleavage for a 135 nucleotide HDV RNA varied, at 42 degrees C, from 5 min to 88 min, depending on the vector-derived sequences flanking the 5' end of the ribozyme. Further analysis suggested that this phenomenon was most likely due to the interaction of vector-derived sequences with a 16 nucleotide region found at the 3' end of the ribozyme. These findings have implications for studies of ribozymes transcribed from cDNA templates, and may provide information regarding the catalytic structure of the HDV ribozyme.
Protecting Assets for the Most Vulnerable: the Potential for Asset-Based Interventions

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), social and economic interactions are governed by both formal (statutory laws, policies, and regulations) and informal institutions (customary laws, social expectations, and religious tenets). When customary and statutory laws misalign, when regressive customary laws are enforced, or when statutory laws are weakly enforced, marginalized groups including children, women, and those impacted by HIV become especially susceptible to economic disenfranchisement predominantly through the misappropriation and loss of household assets. Asset-building interventions working with these groups in the region have shown tremendous success, and whereas they recognize the crucial role formal institutions play in asset accumulation, they are yet to integrate components that address the sociocultural barriers to economic enfranchisement. This paper identifies the ways through which vulnerable groups are susceptible to wealth loss and the ways in which formal and informal rules intersect to restrict property rights. This is followed by an analysis of the informal institutional constraints placed on vulnerable groups in SSA in asset accumulation. Finally, programmatic interventions are proposed that if implemented would increase the capacity of asset-building programs to strengthen the economic functioning of vulnerable groups.
Interplay of ryanodine receptor distribution and calcium dynamics

Spontaneously generated calcium (Ca2+) waves can trigger arrhythmias in ventricular and atrial myocytes. Yet, Ca2+ waves also serve the physiological function of mediating global Ca2+ increase and muscle contraction in atrial myocytes. We examine the factors that influence Ca2+ wave initiation by mathematical modeling and large-scale computational (supercomputer) simulations. An important finding is the existence of a strong coupling between the ryanodine receptor distribution and Ca2+ dynamics. Even modest changes in the ryanodine receptor spacing profoundly affect the probability of Ca2+ wave initiation. As a consequence of this finding, we suggest that there is information flow from the contractile system to the Ca2+ control system and this dynamical interplay could contribute to the increased incidence of arrhythmias during heart failure.
Synthesis and characterization of MCM-41-supported Ba2SiO4 base catalyst

Abstract A novel MCM-41-supported base catalyst, Ba-MCM-41, was synthesized with a modified impregnation method. Ba 2 SiO 4 was synthesized on the MCM-41 pore wall as confirmed by characterization using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, N 2 adsorption, 29 Si MAS NMR and transmission electron microscopy. It was also demonstrated that a highly ordered Ba-MCM-41 catalyst with high barium loading (4.1–25.2 wt.%) and dispersion was obtained using this method. The basicity of the catalyst, which was characterized according to the binding energy of O 1s, was increased with increasing amounts of barium in the catalyst.
Reclassification of Megalopteris sp.? Arber (1904) from the culm measures of northwest Devon as Lesleya sp.

Abstract The specimen from northwest Devon described by Arber as a possible fragment of Megalopteris is significant because it is the only reported occurrence of the genus Megalopteris outside eastern North America. Re-examination of the Devon specimen and comparison with American specimens of both Megalopteris and Lesleya indicate that the British specimen should be re-classified as Lesleya sp.
Copper(I) Complexes of a Heavily Fluorinated β-Diketiminate Ligand: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Intramolecular Aerobic Hydroxylation

The aza-Wittig reaction between ArfNPPh3 [Arf = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3] and 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione affords a new, highly fluorinated β-diketimine, 1. Metalation by mesitylcopper(I) in benzene gives rise to the Cu(I) β-diketiminate as its η2-benzene adduct, 2a. Copper(I) carbonyl complexes of 1, and of three less-fluorinated analogues, have been generated in situ and compared by IR spectroscopy; the two backbone CF3 groups exert a stronger electronic influence than the four N-aryl CF3 groups. Dinuclear adduct 2b reacts readily with O2, leading to ortho-hydroxylation of a ligand N-Arf group.
An accelerated failure time mixture cure model with masked event.

We extend the Dahlberg and Wang (Biometrics 2007, 63, 1237–1244) proportional hazards (PH) cure model for the analysis of time-to-event data that is subject to a cure rate with masked event to a setting where the PH assumption does not hold. Assuming an accelerated failure time (AFT) model with unspecified error distribution for the time to the event of interest, we propose rank-based estimating equations for the model parameters and use a generalization of the EM algorithm for parameter estimation. Applying our proposed AFT model to the same motivating breast cancer dataset as Dahlberg and Wang (Biometrics 2007, 63, 1237–1244), our results are more intuitive for the treatment arm in which the PH assumption may be violated. We also conduct a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
LV Unloading with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: The Association Between Left Ventricular Size and Late Survival

Purpose Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy for the failing ventricle dramatically improves survival, but the nuances of optimal ventricular unloading remain unknown. Ideally, clinicians would titrate LVAD speed using an easily attainable metric that reflects LV unloading and correlates well with an important outcome such as death. We sought to determine if left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) meets these ideal criteria. Methods and Materials A retrospective review of all patients receiving a continuous-flow LVAD at a single center was undertaken. Patients who underwent an echocardiogram at our institution and had LVEDD recorded in the database were included. Simple descriptive statistics were employed, and survival was modeled using Kaplan-Meier analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model with LVEDD as a time-dependent covariate was used to produce hazard ratio estimates. Results Of 247 continuous-flow LVADs implanted from June 2006 to August 2012, echocardiographic data was available for 215 patients. This cohort included 37 females and 178 males, with an average age of 55+/-14 years. Indications for LVAD implantation was 161 patients bridge to transplant, 85 were destination therapy, and one patient was a bridge to recovery. Mean LVEDD at LVAD implant was 6.53+/-1.23 cm. LVEDD was not associated with survival (HR 2.01, 95% CI 0.45 – 9.0, P=0.36), however as depicted in Figure 1 , a trend towards improved survival is seen in those with LVEDD of 5 cm when compared with LVEDD of > 6 cm. Conclusions The current study does not find a correlation between LVEDD and survival, however further investigation with a larger study is required to rule out type II error.
Glutathione S‐transferase polymorphisms and survival from head and neck cancer

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of polymorphisms of three genes involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) and one polymorphism of a DNA repair gene (XRCC1) for patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk of death for a prospective cohort of 190 patients. Results. Individuals with the GSTT1 functional genotype were twice as likely to die from any cause (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–4.97) and were three times as likely to die from SCC (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.33–8.41) after adjustment for age, primary therapy, and stage of disease. The XRCC1 399 Gln genotype was predictive of disease recurrence. Conclusions. Our findings, from one of the first studies to examine this research question, suggest that genomic markers of carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair capability may serve as prognostic indicators of disease recurrence and death. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: 232–242, 2005