cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence that IGF-I acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in the magnocellular neurosecretory system: neuronal synthesis and induction of axonal sprouting.

The ability of mature oxytocinergic (OT) and vasopressinergic (VP) neurons of the magnocellular neurosecretory system (MNS) to undergo axonal growth implies that one or more growth factors may be active in the adult MNS, yet little is known regarding their possible identity. One such potential factor is insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). We have examined the expression of IGF-I mRNA and IGF-I-immunoreactivity (IGF-I-ir) in the mature MNS and have also determined the in vivo response of OT and VP neurons to hypothalamic implants of IGF-I. In situ hybridization revealed moderate labeling of IGF-I mRNA in both the supraoptic (SON) and the paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of adult male rats. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of authentic IGF-I mRNA in extracts of the basal hypothalamus. Faint IGF-I-ir was detected in scattered magnocellular neurons within both the PVN and the SON of normal rats, but IGF-I-ir was much more intense and the majority of MNS neurons including those in the accessory nuclei were immunoreactive in sections from rats given colchicine, as were some parvocellular neurons in the PVN. Confocal microscopy revealed that IGF-I-ir was present in both OT and VP neurons, but VP neurons contained the most intense IGF-I-ir. Finally, a dramatic growth response of OT but not of VP fibers was observed following implantation of polymer rods containing IGF-I into the hypothalamus. A dense OT fiber plexus grew along the cannula track and OT fibers invaded the leptomeninges ventral to the SON and encircled the rostral cerebral artery. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of axonal sprouting by mature OT neurons in response to an identified growth factor and the first direct demonstration of sprouting in response to exogenous IGF-I in the adult CNS. These findings suggest that IGF-I is synthesized and transported by adult MNS neurons where it may act as an autocrine and/or paracrine growth factor.
A leaky-wave analysis of the high-gain printed antenna configuration

A leaky-wave analysis is used to explain the narrow-beam resonance-gain phenomenon in which narrow beams may be produced from a printed antenna element in a substrate-superstrate geometry. It is demonstrated that the phenomenon is attributable to the presence of both transverse electric and transverse magnetic-mode leaky waves, that are excited on the structure. Asymptotic formulas for the leaky wave are compared with the exact patterns to demonstrate the dominant role of the leaky waves in determining the pattern. Results are presented as a function of frequency, the scan angle, and the permittivity of the superstrate. >
Remotely detected MRI velocimetry in microporous bead packs.

Many NMR and MRI methods probe fluid dynamics within macro- and mesoporous materials, but with few exceptions, they report on its macroscopically averaged properties. MRI methods are generally unable to localize microscopic features of flow within macroscopic samples because the fraction of the enclosing detector volume occupied by these features is so small. We have recently overcome this problem using remotely detected MRI velocimetry, a technique in which spatial, chemical, and velocity information about elements of the flow is encoded with a conventional NMR coil and detected sensitively at the sample outflow by a volume-matched microdetector. Here, we apply this method to microporous model systems, recording MRI images that correlate local velocity, spin relaxation, and time-of-flight in microscopic resolution and three spatial dimensions. Our results illustrate that remotely detected MRI is an effective approach to elucidate flow dynamics in porous materials including bead pack microreactors and chr...
Making sense of luminescence from GRAS optical probes

Optical generally recognized-as-safe (GRAS) chromophores that occur naturally in or are routinely added to foods, such as colors, antioxidants, flavors, vitamins, or other bioactive compounds, can be used as intrinsic and safe luminescent, that is, fluorescent or phosphorescent, probes of important quality attributes in foods. The effective characterization and interpretation of the luminescent signals from GRAS chromophores, coupled with adequate data analysis procedures, can be used to relate the complex spectral parameters of optical emission from a probe to specific molecular properties of the food and, thus, can expand the repertoire of analytical techniques available to monitor quality, stability, bioavailability and safety of the food supply at various stages of the production and distribution chain or at point of sale.
Hall Effect in Oxide Cathode Coatings

WE have recently measured the Hall coefficient R and the conductivity Iƒ in oxide coatings sprayed on a magnesia base. By drawing D.C. and pulsed thermionic emission, we have been able to activate the coatings satisfactorily, obtaining a D.C. work function near 1,000° K. of 1·0–1·2 eV., a pulsed work function of 1·2–1·5 eV., and a saturated pulsed emission at 1,050° K. of 4–5 amp./cm.2. R and Iƒ are calculated taking the observed mean thickness of the coating, with no correction for density, which is about unity.
On the ΔHf values of tetrahedrane and cubane: density functional theory calculations

Abstract The optimized minimum-energy geometries of tetrahedrane (C 4 H 4 ) and cubane (C 8 H 8 ) were determined using several combinations of exchange and correlation functionals. Their heats of formation were calculated using homodesmic reactions and known heats of formations of other compounds in the reactions. With a single exception, all of the combined functionals did a poor job of predicting the ΔH f of both tetrahedrane and cubane relative to experiment (available for cubane only) and previously-published ab initio results.
Erythropoietin and the development of erythrocytes. Erythropoietin enhancing factor in serum of a calf with primary familial polycythaemia.

Erythropoietin and the Development of Erythrocytes: Erythropoietin Enhancing Factor in Serum of a Calf with Primary Familial Polycythaemia
The Relationship of Attitudes and Action as a Function of Reporting Conditions and Reinforcement History

Summary The impact of conditions of behavior reporting upon observed levels of consistency between S attitudes and actions is approached from a social learning framework. Student attitudes toward the treatment of individuals who cheat on examinations were measured and compared with the same students behavior when asked to participate as jurors in a simulated courtroom setting. Consistency ratings were obtained for 66 Ss on two reporting conditions; one public reaction condition and one private non-reactive condition. Significant differences in attitude-action consistency were obtained between the two conditions, with Ss in the nonreactive condition being more consistent than Ss in the public condition. Differences in consistency by prior attitudes are also examined.
Approaches for identifying targets of positive selection

Despite significant advancements in both empirical and theoretical population genetics throughout the past century, fundamental questions about the evolutionary forces that shape genomic diversity remain unresolved. Perhaps foremost among these are the strength and frequency of adaptive evolution. To quantify these parameters, statistical tools are needed that are capable of effectively identifying targets of positive selection throughout the genome in an unbiased manner, and functional approaches are needed that are capable of connecting these identified genotypes with the resulting adaptively significant phenotypes. Here we review recent advancements in both statistical and empirical methodology, and discuss important challenges and opportunities that remain as researchers continue to uncouple the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic factors in the evolution of natural populations.
Comparison of a correlation term‐discard closure for decaying homogeneous turbulence with experiment

Turbulence decay is calculated by using experimental initial conditions and discarding quadruple‐correlation terms in the correlation equations. Agreement with experiment is good only for moderately small times, but there are no perceptible negative spectral energies even at large times.
Strength Development for Young Adolescents.

Participation in strength training is important for older children or young adolescences who wish to improve fitness or participate in sports. When designing strength training programs for our youth this age group is immature anatomically, physiologically, and psychologically. For the younger or inexperienced group the strength training activities may include push-ups, sit-ups, lunges, or pull-ups without barbells or dumbbells. These activities employ one’s body weight as resistance. After training at this level those who demonstrate progress may move to machines that provide resistance or dumbbells. When the preparation is sports related the training goals should focus on developing power and strength related to sport specific skills. These types of exercises may be used for those who are entering puberty. Remember, muscle balance must be maintained at all times. Strength training activities should be supervised by those with education and experience in these areas. Although some injuries occur in most physical activities the American College of Sports Medicine supports young adolescences and children's participation in appropriately designed and competently supervised strength training programs. Although all participants should understand the risks and benefits of strength training, a young child should not be expected to comprehend the intricacies of muscle action. Focus on lifetime fitness and teach kids how to exercise properly. Provide a stimulating program that develops in our youth a positive attitude towards strength training and a healthy lifestyle. Benefits include increasing muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition and sports performance. The primary objectives throughout all levels of youth training are safety, fitness, health, and enjoyment.
Labor union membership and voting across nations

Despite a large literature on voter turnout around the world, our understanding of the role of labor union membership remains muddled. In this paper, we examine the relationship between union membership and voting. Using individual level International Social Science Program (ISSP) data from thirty-two countries, we find that union members are more likely to vote and that the substantive effect rivals that of other common predictors of voting. This relationship is also largely invariant across an array of demographic factors, indicating that unions tend to be “equal opportunity mobilizers.” We also find that unions have “spillover” effects: controlling for a variety of other factors, even non-union members are more likely to turn out to vote in countries with higher union densities. In sum, we find that labor unions have a consistent political influence across a wide set of countries.
A small RNA complementary to an intervening sequence is produced late in SV40 infection.

The post-transcriptional modifications that affect simian virus 40 (SV40) mRNA are similar to those undergone by most eukaryotic mRNAs and include 5′-end capping, 3′ polyadenylation and splicing of mRNA precursors1. Late in SV40 infection unspliced 19S RNAs are found predominantly in the nucleus whereas the spliced 19S RNAs are mainly cytoplasmic2,3. Nuclear and cytoplasmic 19S RNAs differ in that all the cytoplasmic species have lost a 32-nucleotide intervening sequence located between 0.760 and 0.765 map units3,4. Previous transcriptional studies of SV40 deletion mutants implied that splicing of the late nuclear transcripts and transport of RNA into the cytoplasm were coupled events5. More recent studies, however, demonstrate that transport of unspliced 19S RNA can occur when the sequences encompassing the 32-nucleotide intervening sequence (0.760–0.765 map units) are deleted6. We have previously proposed that this small 19S RNA intervening sequence may be involved in the retention of the unspliced RNA within the nucleus3. One hypothesis to account for recognition of the 32-nucleotide intervening sequence by a nuclear retention system postulates the existence of a small nuclear RNA complementary to the intervening sequence. We describe here the initial characterization of a small nuclear RNA made late in SV40 infection which is complementary to the DNA of the 19S intervening sequence. Several host cytoplasmic RNAs also hybridize to this intervening sequence.
MASCULINE COPULATORY BEHAVIOR IN INTACT AND CASTRATED FEMALE RATS1

CERTAIN FEMALE ANIMALS are known to display mating reactions characteristic of the male of their species. Behavior of this type has been observed in the case of female pigeons (1), night herons (2), rabbits (3, 4), guinea pigs (5), cats (8),pigs (7, 8), cattle (9, 10), monkeys (11, 12), and chimpanzees (13). Despite the wide spread character of such ‘reversals’ of sexual behavior, exhibition of masculine mating behavior by experimentally altered females is frequently offered as evidence to sub-stantiate claims of induced sex reversal (14–19). In the case of the female rat, masculine copulatory behavior has always been regarded as either nonexistent or quite rare (17, 20,21–24). Previously the senior author (25) described 7 virgin female rats which mounted sexuallysluggish males. More recently two experienced females have been observed to exhibit the complete masculine copulatory pattern exclusive of the ejaculatory response (26).
Diurnal pattern of death and sporulation in Entomophaga maimaiga-infected Lymantria dispar

Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, et Soper (Zygomycotina: Entomophthoraceae) is a naturally occurring obligate fungal pathogen specific to gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae. This fungus is considered the most important natural enemy of this pest insect in North America and Asia. A critically important step for the development of E. maimaiga epizootics is the transmission of propagules to healthy larvae, a process known to require high humidity. Some pathogens are known to manipulate the time of day that hosts die so that propagules are produced to maximize chances of survival and thus enhance transmission. The objective of this study was to assess whether E. maimaiga manipulates L. dispar to die at a certain time of day. Laboratory bioassays were conducted at 15 and 20 °C to record the 24-h activity pattern of death and sporulation exhibited under an L14:D10 photoperiod and 100% r.h. by four isolates of E. maimaiga in its host L. dispar. Events were recorded every 4 h. Our results clearly demonstrate that E. maimaiga-infected L. dispar larvae die mainly in the afternoon and that the fungus sporulates during the night. The rhythm was independent of the fungal isolate tested and type of spores produced after larval death. By raising the temperature from 15 to 20 °C, the peak death time narrowed and sporulation was initiated earlier at night.
Nonadiabatic contributions to the free energy from the electron-phonon interaction in Na, K, Al, and Pb

We calculate the nonadiabatic contributions to the free energy of metals due to the electron-phonon interaction at intermediate temperatures, $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}{k}_{B}Tl{ϵ}_{F}$ for four different nearly free electron metals, Na, K, Al, and Pb. We calculate its value for $T=0$ which has not been calculated before and we study its low temperature behavior.
Planning, Law, and Property Rights: A US–European Cross-national Contemplation

Globalization today encompasses multinational dialogues on the appropriate role for planning in mediating relationships between individual and community, state and citizen, government and market, and people and property. Yet confusion persists as speakers from one country attempt to convey concepts different from what listeners from another country hear. This paper provides a cross-national contemplation on the sources of that confusion, comparing the USA to Western Continental Europe, primarily Germany. Americans and Europeans engage fundamentally different worldviews in promoting progress while reconciling harms, stemming from different philosophical traditions that can be broadly characterized as a Millian versus a Hegelian liberalism, respectively.
The interaction of exercise ability and body mass index upon long-term outcomes among patients undergoing stress-rest perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography imaging

Background The obesity paradox has been reported in several populations of patients with cardiovascular disease. Recent data have shown that physical fitness may attenuate the obesity paradox. Patients who undergo pharmacologic stress testing are known to have a higher risk of mortality than those who can exercise. The purpose of this study is to determine the interaction of obesity and exercise ability on survival among patients with a normal stress-rest single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods A total of 5,203 (60 ± 13 years, male 37%) patients without a history of heart disease and a normal stress-rest SPECT between the years 1995 and 2010 were included in this analysis. Body mass index categories were defined according to the World Health Organization classification: normal weight, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 ; overweight, 25 to 29.9 kg/m 2 ; and obese, ≥30 kg/m 2 . Patients were divided into 3 groups based on their ability to exercise: those who reached ≥6 METs on exercise, those who attained a level of Results There were 939 (18%) deaths during a mean follow-up of 8.1 ± 4.1 years, for an overall event rate of 2.3%/y. Both exercise to ≥6 METs and being obese were associated with lower mortality. Adjusted multivariate analysis using the obese high-fit patients as the reference showed a wide heterogeneity in annualized mortality rates according to exercise and weight status, with annualized event rates which varied from 0.6%/y in the obese subjects who were physically fit to 5.3%/y among healthy subjects who underwent pharmacologic stress testing ( P Conclusions Stress mode and body weight impacted long-term survival in patients with a normal stress SPECT. The benefit of being physically fit was evident in all weight groups, as was the adverse effect of being unable to exercise. However, with regard to body weight, there was a paradoxical survival advantage for those patients who were overweight and obese, regardless of their exercise ability.
Resistance of Pines to the Pine Reproduction Weevil, Cylindrocopturus eatoni

The pine reproduction weevil causes serious losses in young plantations of Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf and P. ponderosa Laws. Crossing P. Jeffreyi with P. coulteri D. Don. produces resistant progenies. A three-way hybrid of these two and P. ponderosa is also resistant. The mode of action of resistance is not known though nonpreference, antibiosis, and tolerance all are indicated. Within-species variation in resistance appears to be heritable. Both within- and between-species resistance may be imparted by either parent, though indications are that it may be more attributable to the female parent. Progenies from selfpollination of recognized hosts are less resistant than progenies from non-selfing. Hany pine species and hybrids have been classified as resistant or non-resistant from data of forced attacks and natural infestations. A large-scalc pollination project is underway to produce weevil-resistant pines for tree planting in California.
On the structure of regular infinitely divisible point processes

Abstract A representation for the probability generating functional (p.g.fl.) of a regular infinitely divisible (i.d.) stochastic point process, motivated as a generalization of the Gauss-Poisson process, is presented. The functional is characterized by a sequence of Borel product measures. Necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of these Borel measures, are given for this representation to be a p.g.fl., thus characterizing all regular i.d. point processes.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the role of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the development and progression of Barrett esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Methods: Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA expression levels, relative to the control gene encoding β-actin, were measured by using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method (ABI 7700 Sequence Detector system) in specimens of Barrett intestinal metaplasia (n = 16), dysplasia (n = 11), adenocarcinoma (n = l 5), and matching normal squamous esophageal tissues (n = 35). Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor protein expression and CD31 + microvessel density were assessed by means of immunohistochemistry in 25 tissue sections that included representative areas for each of these Barrett stages. Results: Expression levels were significantly increased in adenocarcinoma compared with in either normal squamous mucosa ( P P =.002; basic fibroblast growth factor, P P =.024, Mann-Whitney U test). Basic fibroblast growth factor expression was also significantly increased in Barrett dysplastic mucosa compared with in intestinal metaplasia or normal esophageal mucosa. Microvessel density was generally higher in adenocarcinoma compared with in preneoplastic Barrett tissues. The pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor protein expression was similar to the messenger RNA expression pattern, with the exception that mucin-containing goblet cells stained intensely for vascular endothelial growth factor and only weak vascular endothelial growth factor staining was present in some adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA expression levels are significantly upregulated in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas, suggesting a role for these angiogenic factors in the development of these cancers. Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA expression levels are also increased in some Barrett esophagus tissues, with this increase occurring at an earlier stage for basic fibroblast growth factor than for vascular endothelial growth factor. Basic fibroblast growth factor protein expression pattern is similar to the messenger RNA expression pattern, but unlike the messenger RNA findings, vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression is strongest in goblet cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:246-53
Tissue distribution of lead in cases of poisoning in children

Abstract The distribution of lead in various tissues of eight fatal cases in children was investigated. Lead was quantitated by the dithizone method. Comparing the toxic levels, these findings indicate that death occurred to three children by lead poisoning. The organs of the other three children contained toxic levels of lead, but the cause of death, according to the pathologist, may not have been lead poisoning. The rest, who had normal levels, may have died by some other cause. The data on lead poisoning, particularly in children, give a clue in assessing the relationship between lead levels and lead intoxication.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis and thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case and review of the world literature, including plaquelike cutaneous mucinosis

A case of reticular erythematous mucinosis associated with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and circulating immune complexes is described. We compare reticular erythematous mucinosis with the similar plaquelike cutaneous mucinosis. We discuss the apparent photosensitivity of reticular erythematous mucinosis and its possible relationship with altered states of immune function such as diabetes, thyroid disease, and neoplasia. The somewhat varied but characteristic histopathologic findings and staining are reviewed, including the characteristic perivascular and occasional perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate and Alcian blue-positive dermal mucin. Treatment with antimalarial drugs still appears to be the most uniformly successful therapeutic approach to the management of this chronic dermatosis. Further research efforts should be directed at understanding its link with altered states of immune function.
Differential deoxyribonucleic acid replication in the giant foot-pad cells of Sarcophaga bullata.

Differential Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in the Giant Foot-pad Cells of Sarcophaga bullata
Neural network based moving target indicator for radar applications

Although techniques of radar signal processing, including the moving target indicator (MTI), have been vastly improved by the availability of digital computers in recent years, these methods are generally based on complex mathematical procedures which make the engineering and design of radar receivers rather costly and vulnerable to electronic faults. On the other hand, biological systems (e.g., insects, birds) have capabilities far beyond those of the conventional MTI processors. This paper provides some evidence that Doppler shifts can easily be extracted with neural networks even in situations where only a limited number of noisy pulses are available for processing. Furthermore, it is easier to shape the frequency response of the neural network-based MTI (NN-MTI) as desired without needing the complex process of pole placement, which is traditionally required in both digital and analog filter design procedures. The nonlinear processing capability of a neural network is utilized to efficiently combine the Doppler processing and integration performed by conventional MTI and its coprocessor (i.e., integrator). The MTI implementation with neural networks reduces the number of required independent pulses for Doppler shift extraction in the presence of clutter. There are several other conflicting requirements for the optimum MTI design where the algorithmic procedures may not be as efficient. Therefore, shaping the magnitude frequency response of MTI filters demands the flexibilities offered by neural networks.
Enhancing Library Instruction to Undergraduates: Incorporating Online Tutorials into the Curriculum

ABSTRACT Librarians can replace or supplement traditional in-class instruction with course-specific online tutorials. The literature demonstrates how tutorials customized for specific courses are more beneficial than tutorials on basic research skills. Many authors discuss creating online tutorials but do not design one devoted to a specific course. With increasing demand for instruction services, online tutorials can ease staffing concerns prevalent at many libraries and otherwise enhance the quality of instruction and its application to varied learning styles. Using the Blackboard course management system, the authors created an online tutorial tailored to the required World Civilizations course at the University at Buffalo. The tutorial incorporated elements of successful online tutorials described in the literature: clear terminology, a quiz for self-assessment, opportunities for active learning, and individual e-mail feedback between students and librarians, and applied them to a specific course. The...
p-sd Shell gap reduction in neutron-rich systems and cross-shell excitations in 20 O.

Excited states in $^{20}\mathrm{O}$ were populated in the reaction $^{10}\mathrm{Be}(^{14}\mathrm{C},\ensuremath{\alpha})$ at Florida State University (FSU). Charged particles were detected with a particle telescope consisting of 4 annularly segmented Si surface barrier detectors and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation was detected with the FSU $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ detector array. Five new states were observed below 6 MeV from the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence data. Shell model calculations suggest that most of the newly observed states are core-excited $1p\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}1h$ excitations across the $N=Z=8$ shell gap. Comparisons between experimental data and calculations for the neutron-rich O and F isotopes imply a steady reduction of the $p\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}sd$ shell gap as neutrons are added.
Recent Trends in Theorizing Prehispanic Mesoamerican Economies

Theoretical frames for modeling prehispanic Mesoamerican economies have been informed mostly by political economy or agency approaches. Political economy models examine the ways in which power is constructed and exercised through the manipulation of material transfers, mainly production and distribution. Research along these lines emphasizes regional redistribution, wealth and staple finance, debt and reciprocity, and regional integration through core/periphery relations. Agency models, on the other hand, explore the social aspects of manufacture, circulation, and consumption to infer the processes by which power is negotiated and contested. Work using this framework focuses on the manner by which meaning and value are assigned to, and become fixed in, social valuables, as well as the moral and emotional dimensions of allocation and consumption. Political economy and agency approaches are converging in Mesoamerican research to forge a new, hybrid theoretical construct, “ritual economy,” which strikes a balance between formalist and substantivist views by considering the ways that belief systems articulate with economic systems in the management of meanings and the shaping of interpretations.
Abstract B84: HCI-2528 is a potent inhibitor of LSD1 with improved druglike characteristics.

Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) plays an important role in the regulation of histone methylation at lysine residues, and is currently being validated as an attractive therapeutic target for many diseases, particularly for multiple forms of cancer. Methylation of lysine residues on histones can signal transcriptional activation or repression depending on the specific residue involved. H3K4me2 is a transcription-activating chromatin mark at gene promoters, and demethylation of this mark by LSD1 is thought to prevent expression of tumor suppressor genes important in human cancer. In contrast, methylation of H3K9 is a repressive mark and LSD1 activity has been shown to upregulate tumor promoting pathways. Thus, LSD1 is emerging as an important target for the development of specific inhibitors as a new class of antitumor drugs. Several LSD1 inhibitors have been reported, but they have shown poor selectivity and/or pharmacological properties, making further exploration of LSD1 biology difficult. We previously reported the identification of CIT-0665, an LSD1 inhibitor identified through a virtual screening effort in our lab. Evaluation of the structure activity relationships of multiple analogs of our LSD1 inhibitor led to the identification of HCI-2528, which is more potent and exhibits improved drug like properties. Using a cell viability assay, a large panel of cancer cell lines was tested for sensitivity to HCI-2528. In addition to the well-documented sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines, we also found that Ewing9s sarcoma cell lines are uniquely sensitive to LSD-1 inhibition. We are currently engaged in a bioinformatic effort to determine possible mechanisms of sensitivity from our studies, and performing xenograft studies in mice. In conclusion, HCI-2528 is a novel LSD1 inhibitor with activity in biochemical and cell-based assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B84.
Steady-flow availability and the standard chemical availability

Abstract The steady flow availability function is derived in a manner that emphasizes its geometric properties and its insensitivity to all but the temperature of the environmental reference-state. The compositional insensitivity of the reference-environment facilitates the definition of a “standard chemical availability” for chemically reactive materials, which then allows an availability analysis of reaction processes.
Exchange coupling and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B/Co nanocomposite thin films

Abstract The structure, exchange coupling interactions and magnetic properties of magnetron sputtered untextured Nd 2 Fe 14 B/Co thin films with thickness in the range 700–840 nm were studied. Energy products as high as 106 kJ/m 3 (13.3 MG Oe) were obtained for rapidly annealed thin films and are comparable to values obtained in bulk polycrystalline NdFeB alloys containing Co. The exchange coupling interactions between the soft and hard phases were evaluated by recoil demagnetization, irreversible magnetization, and spin-reorientation temperature changes. We find evidence for stronger exchange coupling of grains after a rapid anneal (RA) as compared to a longer time anneal. We suggest that this stronger exchange coupling is due to a uniform nanostructure promoted by the RA.
Texture analysis of twinning and slip in polycrystalline Ti-46.3Al-1.9Nb-1.6Cr in compression at room temperature and elevated temperatures

The texture analysis of TiAl deformed in compression showed that fiber component becomes the dominant deformation component in compression for all testing temperatures, consistent with conventional FCC compression case. Semi-quantitative measurement of mechanical twinning from texture changes in polycrystalline TiAl in compression at low strains is possible with a simple Schmid factor analysis. The present experiments indicate that mechanical twinning occurs at very low strains ant that it accounts for as much as 33% of the total strain at 650 C. At 850 C, where thermal activation makes superdislocation motion easier, the contribution of mechanical twinning is smaller. At room temperature, cracking complicates the interpretation, but mechanical twinning contributes about 10% of the total strain.
Advances in salt tolerance

Advances in and prospects for the development of salt tolerant crops are discussed. The genetic approach to the salinity problem is fairly new, but research has become quite active in a short span of time. Difficulties and opportunities are outlined. Salinity varies spatially, temporally, qualitatively, and quantitatively. In addition, the responses of plants to salt stress vary during their life cycle. Selection and breeding, including the use of wide crosses, are considered the best short-term approaches to the development of salt tolerant crops, but the new biotechnological and molecular biological techniques will make increasingly important contributions. Cooperation is called for among soil and water scientists, agronomists, plant physiologists and biochemists, cytologists, and plant geneticists, breeders, and biotechnologists. Given such cooperation and adequate support for these endeavors, the potential for increasing productivity in salt-affected areas can be realized.
The behavioral science of transportation

One can think of transportation as a technological behemoth bedeviled by human behavior. Transportation research contributes technological and management innovations that drive this beast forward, and can also offer insights into the limits that human actors and institutions can impose on implementation of an efficient transportation system. Transportation is affected by human behavior through its consumers (drivers, riders, vehicle buyers, and shippers); through its managers and workers; and through the policy-makers and voters who determine transportation infrastructure and policy. In this presentation, I will concentrate on consumers, and add some comments on their influence on policy. However, human behavior impinges on transportation systems at many points. When I was 8 years old, a neighbor was promoted to conductor on the Southern Railroad. I asked him if he would be working on the Southern Crescent, the premier passenger train on that railroad. "Oh no," he said, "if I did that, I would have to deal with people. Railroad men would rather work with freight." Today, it is important for transportation workers, and transportation researchers, to recognize that there is no escape from humans and the impact of their behavior on transportation systems. One has to work with people. Transportation researchers have modeled consumer behavior at three levels. First, physical analogies have been used, such as explaining trip volumes by the gravity model for attraction between bodies, or traffic with hydrodynamic models of fluid and turbulent flow. Second, there is extensive use of the economic theory of rational behavior, in which individuals make choices to maximize their preferences. Finally, there is increasing use of models of behavior that is not exactly individually rational, drawing on findings from sociology, anthropology, cognitive psychology, and brain science. A question for transportation researchers is what level of modeling of behavior is appropriate for their problems. One answer is that it depends on the grain of the problem. Physical analogies may be adequate for aggregate, long-term forecasting, economic optimizing models may be most satisfactory for dealing with issues such as congestion charges and fuel efficiency standards, and the insights of cognitive psychology may be needed to understand driving behavior. A second answer is that economic and behavioral sciences are progressing rapidly, and what works best in transportation research may change as time goes on. I will start with three historical examples of the role of economic models of behavior in transportation. They are the linking of demand and utility by the French bridge engineer, Dupuit (1844); the application by Ravenstein (1885) and Zipf (1946) of Newton's law of gravitation to explain peoples' movements; and the development by Domencich and McFadden (1976) of disaggregate travel demand forecasting models based on random utility maximization.
Effects of a collaborative annotation method on students' learning and learning-related motivation and affect

Two studies tested the effectiveness of a web-based collaborative annotation system (Hy-Lighter) for learning comprehension, and learning-related affect and motivation. In an undergraduate course setting, students (N=27) in study 1, (1) highlighted and annotated selected articles, and (2) highlighted and annotated selected articles and reviewed peer highlights and annotations. In a graduate course setting, students (N=40) in study 2, (1) highlighted and annotated selected articles, and (2) highlighted and annotated selected articles and reviewed peer highlights and annotations. Control groups in both studies read a hard copy of the articles -without using HyLighter and engaging in its associated annotation practices. The main dependent variables included: (a) performance on quizzes, and (b) a number of affective and motivational variables related to reading assignments and academic success. Although not statistically significant, summative assessment scores were higher for students using HyLigther relative to the ones exposed to conventional instruction. HyLighter use also seemed to be associated with more positive affect in undergraduate students relative to their graduate counterparts. Somewhat equivocal findings between the two studies were attributed to the differential implementation of the software in and outside of the classroom. Recommendations for optimal use and desired outcomes were advanced.
The Complex Contributions of Genetics and Nutrition to Immunity in Drosophila Melanogaster

Both malnutrition and undernutrition can lead to compromised immune defense in a diversity of animals, and “nutritional immunology” has been suggested as a means of understanding immunity and determining strategies for fighting infection. The genetic basis for the effects of diet on immunity, however, has been largely unknown. In the present study, we have conducted genome-wide association mapping in Drosophila melanogaster to identify the genetic basis for individual variation in resistance, and for variation in immunological sensitivity to diet (genotype-by-environment interaction, or GxE). D. melanogaster were reared for several generations on either high-glucose or low-glucose diets and then infected with Providencia rettgeri, a natural bacterial pathogen of D. melanogaster. Systemic pathogen load was measured at the peak of infection intensity, and several indicators of nutritional status were taken from uninfected flies reared on each diet. We find that dietary glucose level significantly alters the quality of immune defense, with elevated dietary glucose resulting in higher pathogen loads. The quality of immune defense is genetically variable within the sampled population, and we find genetic variation for immunological sensitivity to dietary glucose (genotype-by-diet interaction). Immune defense was genetically correlated with indicators of metabolic status in flies reared on the high-glucose diet, and we identified multiple genes that explain variation in immune defense, including several that have not been previously implicated in immune response but which are confirmed to alter pathogen load after RNAi knockdown. Our findings emphasize the importance of dietary composition to immune defense and reveal genes outside the conventional “immune system” that can be important in determining susceptibility to infection. Functional variation in these genes is segregating in a natural population, providing the substrate for evolutionary response to pathogen pressure in the context of nutritional environment.
Stimulation of calcium uptake in rat calvaria by prostacyclin

Treatment of newborn rat calvaria discs with a variety of unsaturated fatty acids led to a 50% enhancement of calcium uptake. Arachidonic acid was effective at lower concentrations than cis-vaccenic or oleic acid, while trans-vaccenic acid and saturated fatty acids did not enhance calcium uptake. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and acetylsalacylic acid abolished the enhancement of calcium uptake seen in response to cis-vaccenic acid and inhibited calcium uptake by otherwise untreated bones. Prostacyclin was found to produce up to 2 fold stimulation of calcium uptake with an EC50 of approximately 0.1 μM. No statistically significant stimulation of calcium uptake was seen in response to PGE2 or PGF1α up to 25 μM, whilw slight stimulation was produced by 6-keto PGF1α but only at concentrations of 10 μM. Prostacyclin production by calvaria was demonstrated and was stimulated over 50% by cis-vaccenic acid. These results suggest that not only is enhanced prostacyclin production responsible for elevation of calcium uptake in response to unsaturated fatty acids, but also that prostacyclin may be an important regulator of bone calcium homeostasis.
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT COMPLAINTS.

Summary Conditions have been discussed which account for much of the former empiricism in the treatment of mandibular joint complaints. A more rational therapeutic regimen is presented based on the following steps: 1. Establish a correct diagnosis to identify what changes have occurred, where, and why. 2. Attempt to eliminate or neutralise the causes. 3. Provide optimum conditions for natural recovery. 4. Apply specific forms of therapy with reason and purpose.
Extended immersed boundary method using FEM and RKPM

Abstract The proposed extended immersed boundary method (EIBM) has several distinct features in comparison with the immersed boundary (IB) method. In the IB method, the interaction between the immersed elastic boundary and the surrounding viscous fluid is replaced with an equivalent body force distribution within the fluid domain. The key ingredient of the IB method is the enforcement of the energy input from the equivalent body force into the fluid domain to be the same (at all time) as that of the elastic forces within the IB. In EIBM, instead of the volumeless immersed elastic boundary, we consider the submerged elastic solid which occupies a finite volume within the fluid domain. In particular, we replace the kinematic and dynamic matching of the fluid–solid interface and the effect of the submerged solid with a judiciously chosen collection of equivalent nodal forces calculated in the context of finite element formulations. The employment of the finite element representation enables a realistic stress analysis for the submerged solid subject to large deformations. Finally, in EIBM, we also replace the discretized delta function commonly used in the IB method with the kernel functions in meshless reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM). With this improvement, using the same finite support domain, we could improve the discretized delta function from C 1 to C n continuity, where n is chosen according to the required smoothness and resolution of such functions, and more importantly, enables the use of non-uniform meshing in the fluid domain. These extensions may eventually open doors to the modelling of complex biological fluid involving molecular, cellular, and flexible vessel–flow interactions.
THE SILENCED MAJORITY: GLACIAL MOVEMENT OF WOMEN INTO KENTUCKY POLITICS

Women play a critical but inadequate role in the political life of Kentucky. The intermittent impact of Kentucky women as voters, appointed officeholders, members of boards and commissions, party activists, lobbyists, and campaign contributors historically has lagged behind national averages. And the role Kentucky women play as elected representatives remains among the most muted in the nation. Despite the success of large numbers of women as local elected officials, at the highest level, women are, in effect, second-class citizens. Only 12 percent of the state legislature “looks like” 52 percent of the population, despite the disproportionately high percentage of women who are active in the campaigns of the other 88 percent. The traditionalistic political culture, the powerful inertia of incumbency at all levels, and the entrenched “good old boy network” keep many women from office.
Digital Native Librarians, Technology Skills, and Their Relationship with Technology

A new generation of academic librarians, who are a part of the Millennial Generation born between 1982 and 2001 are now of the age to either be in graduate school or embarking on their careers. This paper, as part of a larger study examining Millennial academic librarians, their career selection, their attitudes, and their technology skills, looks specifically at the technology skills and attitudes towards technology among a group of young librarians and library school students. The author initially wanted to learn if the increasingly high tech nature of academic librarianship attracted Millennials to the career, but results showed that they had a much more complex relationship with technology than the author assumed.
Practical Web Services

Web services for years as a software engineering technique. Programmers need a service description language so they can see what a software component written as a Web service does and how to use it. WSDL also facilitates the concept of software components, which could lead to the programming dream of reusable, maintainable software. Well, it could, were these components' functions better described. Unfortunately, programmers who use these functions within an enterprise typically treat them like a new version of subroutines. The next programmer hired to work on one of these components hasn't much more of a clue how to use it than he or she did with any other piece of software. Web services with semantic and enforceable descriptions that would enable dynamic interoperability over the Internet, would be more practical.