cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A decade after the KDOQI CKD guidelines: impact on the National Kidney Foundation.

he 2 seminal accomplishments in the 62-yearhistory of the National Kidney Foundation(NKF) are US Public Law 92603 of 1972, amend-ing the Social Security Act to establish Medicarecoverage for both dialysis and kidney transplantation,and publication of the KDOQI (Kidney Disease Out-comes Quality Initiative) clinical practice guidelinesfor chronic kidney disease (CKD) in February 2002.
Immediate and delayed neurorrhaphy in a rabbit model: A functional, histologie, and biochemical comparison

The effect of timing of neurorrhaphy on neuromuscular function was studied. The extensor digitorum longus neuromuscular units of 51 rabbits were used, with repairs performed immediately, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after nerve transection. Neuromuscular function was assessed 3 months after nerve repair, as was histology, histochemistry, and muscle hydroxyproline content. Force generated by immediately repaired units was 93% of unoperated controls. All functional delayed repairs produced approximately 50% of control force. Mild endomysial and perimysial fibrosis was present in the immediate neurorrhaphy group. Fibrosis was mild to moderate in the functional delayed repairs and moderate to severe in the nonfunctional repairs. Total and regional hydroxyproline content correlated to both function and timing of nerve repair. The data demonstrate that immediate repair of peripheral nerve lacerations gives the best functional recovery in this rabbit model. If immediate repairs are not performed in the rabbit, approximately 50% to 75% of normal function can be obtained when repairs are delayed for periods of 3 weeks to 6 months.
Mechanical evaluation of large-size fourth-generation composite femur and tibia models

Composite analogue bone models provide consistent geometric and structural properties that represent a valuable asset in a range of biomechanical analyses and testing procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diaphyseal structural properties of the large-size Fourth-Generation composite analogue femur and tibia models concentrated on mechanical behaviors under axial compression, bending and torsion. Thirty of each large-size composite analogue models (femora and tibiae) were tested under medial-lateral four-point bending, anterior-posterior four-point bending, axial compression and external rotational torque to evaluate flexural rigidity, axial stiffness, torsional rigidity and ultimate failure strength. The composite femur was tested under torsion at both the femoral neck and the mid-diaphyseal areas. Large-size Fourth-Generation composite replicate bones exhibited intra-specimen variations under 10% for all cases and was also found to perform within the biological range of healthy adult bones (age: <80 years old) range with respect to flexural rigidity (<8%) and torsional rigidity (<12%). The failure modes of these composite models were close to published findings for human bones (four-point bending: butterfly fragment fracture; torsional: spiral fracture; and compression: transverse fracture). The large-size composite analogue femur and tibia are close to ideal replicas for standardization in biomechanical analyses. One advantage of these analogue models is that their variability is significantly lower than that of cadaveric specimens for all loading regimens. Published results vary widely in cadaveric studies, which is likely due to the high anatomic variability among cadaveric specimens. This study evaluated and advanced our overall understanding of the capacity of composite analogue bone models mimic the structural properties of average healthy adult human bones.
Effects of lengthscales and attractions on the collapse of hydrophobic polymers in water.

We present results from extensive molecular dynamics simulations of collapse transitions of hydrophobic polymers in explicit water focused on understanding effects of lengthscale of the hydrophobic surface and of attractive interactions on folding. Hydrophobic polymers display parabolic, protein-like, temperature-dependent free energy of unfolding. Folded states of small attractive polymers are marginally stable at 300 K and can be unfolded by heating or cooling. Increasing the lengthscale or decreasing the polymer–water attractions stabilizes folded states significantly, the former dominated by the hydration contribution. That hydration contribution can be described by the surface tension model, ΔG = γ(T)ΔA, where the surface tension, γ, is lengthscale-dependent and decreases monotonically with temperature. The resulting variation of the hydration entropy with polymer lengthscale is consistent with theoretical predictions of Huang and Chandler [Huang DM, Chandler D (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:8324–8327] that explain the blurring of entropy convergence observed in protein folding thermodynamics. Analysis of water structure shows that the polymer–water hydrophobic interface is soft and weakly dewetted, and is characterized by enhanced interfacial density fluctuations. Formation of this interface, which induces polymer folding, is strongly opposed by enthalpy and favored by entropy, similar to the vapor–liquid interface.
Elevated risk of carrying gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli among U.S. poultry workers.

BackgroundAntimicrobial use in food-animal production is an issue of growing concern. The application of antimicrobials for therapy, prophylaxis, and growth promotion in broiler chicken production ...
Routing technique with cross-layer approach in Ad hoc network

Producing the quality of service in wireless network is a complex subject because of constraints related to the ad hoc mode as limited bandwidth, sharing medium…etc. The traditional routing based on hop count metric doesn't take in its consideration the quality of the wireless link which causes the rate reduction in the network. In an effort to improve the performance of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), cross-layer technique is implemented. It aimed to resolve QOS problems in manet and permit to share information about network status between different layers. In this paper, we proposed a cross-layer design among physical and routing layers using Received Signal Strength (RSS) as cross-layer interaction parameter. We implement new routing protocol based on RSS. The protocol is tested with NS2 simulator in free space and shadowing model and guarantees an enhanced connectivity and reliable route formation in Manet.
Conclusion: The Entertainment Industry at a Crossroads

The final Chap. 10 draws the conclusions of the study: As the changes in the global entertainment landscape unfold, new challenges to Hollywood’s leadership emerge. In the current evolving technological scenario leading to an apparently seamless flow of transnational images, the two trajectories analyzed in the book, the rise of non-scripted entertainment and the new digital entertainment environment, are altering the existing status quo within the sector. The global entertainment industry as a whole, and Hollywood in particular, are at a crossroads at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century.
What do teachers believe? Developing a framework for examining beliefs about teachers’ knowledge and ability

Influenced by work on teacher beliefs, personal epistemology, teachers’ knowledge, implicit theories, and motivation, we conducted a two-part investigation exploring preservice and practicing teachers’ beliefs about teaching knowledge and teaching ability. Study I qualitatively examined 53 preservice and 57 practicing teachers’ beliefs about teaching, in order to: (1) ensure that the voices of teachers were made prevalent in the development of a framework aimed at understanding their beliefs and (2) facilitate the development of a quantitative measure to assess these beliefs. Results indicated that participants valued several aspects of teaching knowledge and held complex beliefs related to the implicit theories of teaching ability. Study I concludes with a framework for developing an instrument to assess teachers’ beliefs. Study II describes two instruments developed to assess the beliefs identified in Study 1. Using responses from 351 preservice teachers, exploratory factor analysis procedures identified factors reflective of emergent themes from Study I.
COMPARTMENTATION OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS

AbstractIn the ten years since the proposal8 and evidence10 that translocation of secretory proteins across the endoplasmic reticular membrane depended upon an amino acid sequence “signal”, our understanding of the events which allow compartmentation of eukaryotic proteins into different organelles has progressed rapidly. During this time, segregation of bacterial proteins has also been found to share many similar features.2 While the proposal that all proteins destined to cross organellar15 membranes might utilize an identical mechanism for translocation has been disproved, the impetus provided by the “signal hypothesis” greatly accelerated investigation in this area.Present evidence indicates that intracellular translocation across membranes, i.e., compartmentation, can occur by four mechanisms1. Removal of NH2-terminal signal (pre) peptide of 15 to 30 amino acids from secretory, some viral envelope, integral plasma membrane and lysosomal proteins occur when they cross the ER membrane during translation...
Supporting exploratory text analysis in literature study

We present WordSeer, an exploratory analysis environment for literary text. Literature study is a cycle of reading, interpretation, exploration, and under- standing. While there is now abundant technological support for reading and interpreting literary text in new ways through text-processing algorithms, the other parts of the cycle—exploration and understanding—have been relatively neglected. We are motivated by the literature on sensemaking, an area of com- puter science devoted to supporting open-ended analysis on large collections of data. Our software system integrates tools for algorithmic processing of text with interaction techniques that support the interpretive, exploratory, and note-taking aspects of scholarship. At present, the system supports grammatical search and contextual similarity determination, visualization of patterns of word context, and examination and organization of the source material for comparison and hypothesis building. This article illustrates its capabilities by analyzing language-use differences between male and female characters in Shakespeare's plays. We find that when love is a major plot point, the language Shakespeare uses to refer to women becomes more physical, and the language referring to men becomes more sentimental. Future work will incorporate additional sensemaking tools to aid comparison, exploration, grouping, and pattern recognition.
An association between microscopic colitis and celiac disease.

Background & Aims Microscopic colitis has been associated with celiac disease. We aimed to determine the extent and significance of this relationship. Methods A prospectively maintained database of celiac disease patients, seen between 1981 and 2006, was analyzed. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMR) were calculated using a general population study of microscopic colitis as the reference group. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student t test, Pearson χ 2 test, or Fisher exact test. Results Microscopic colitis was found in 44 of 1009 patients (4.3%); this represented a 70-fold increased risk for individuals with celiac disease to have microscopic colitis, compared with the general population (SMR, 72.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 52.52–95.36). The celiac disease patients with microscopic colitis were older ( P = .0001) and had more severe villous atrophy ( P = .002) than the celiac disease patients without microscopic colitis. Microscopic colitis was diagnosed after celiac disease in 64% of the patients, simultaneously in 25%, and before celiac disease in 11% ( P = .0001). Pancolitis predominated, though 16% had colitis limited to the right colon. Steroid or immunosuppressant therapies were required in 66% of the celiac disease patients with microscopic colitis and given as maintenance therapy to 50% of these patients. Follow-up biopsies revealed that the colitis persisted in 57% of the patients with celiac disease and microscopic colitis, despite improved diarrhea symptoms; the diarrhea resolved in most of the patients. Conclusions Microscopic colitis is more common in patients with celiac disease than in the general population. Patients with celiac disease and microscopic colitis have more severe villous atrophy and frequently require steroids or immunosuppressant therapies to control diarrhea.
PLANAR GENERALIZATIONS OF THE YANG-BAXTER EQUATION AND THEIR SKEINS

We solve the planar generalizations of the Yang-Baxter equation using Kauffman's bracket methods. These solutions are applied to get representations of certain Coxeter groups that are quotients of generalized braid groups.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Evidence-Based Medicine, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications

The treatment of primary intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most difficult problems facing neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neurointensivists today, and with an incidence of 10–30 cases per 100,000, it represents a major medical problem. In spite of marked advances in medical technology, the outcomes for patients suffering from a spontaneous ICH remain bleak with mortality rates reaching 62 % within the first year of onset. The difficulty in treating these patients has resulted in substantial research efforts into establishing an appropriate management scheme for ICH.
Procedural Learning: Striatum

The striatum is a key component of cortex-basal ganglia loops, involved both in the selection of actions and in learning about which of these actions are worth repeating. Dopamine may be a key learning signal for such reinforcement learning, by affecting synaptic plasticity at striatal dendritic spines. Sensory, motor, cognitive, and motivational information all form part of the content of striatum-based learning. Dorsal/lateral (sensorimotor) zones of striatum have been particularly implicated in habit learning – the progressive automatization of oft-repeated actions. In general, striatum plasticity appears essential for adjusting our expectations about the consequences of our actions.
The Humanities Dilemma, Postmodernism and Critical Thinking

This essay considers the sudden and prolonged decline in the humanities and some social science’s share of total degrees conferred since 1967. Current budgetary issues force institutions to consider whether or not these low enrollment programs are obsolete and should be closed. It is hypothesized that while part of the decline can be explained by employment and income prospects, at least part of the problem comes from how these disciplines responded to the new economic realities. Specifically, the rise of postmodernism leads to a “critical thinking paradigm” that is in open conflict with traditional Enlightenment style critical thinking and it promotes habitual, prejudicial, and emotive thinking, when these are the thinking modes employers find least useful. Traditional humanities education must be preserved. It can be preserved by teaching traditional humanities topics, clear and concise communication skills, team work, the ability to listen, and developing a normative critical thinking paradigm that is complementary to Enlightenment style critical thinking. .
Late results in Legg-Perthes disease.

Primary musculoskeletal tumors are rare in the practice of orthopaedic surgery because they are unusual in the general population. The orthopaedist is often the first physician faced with the decision of how the patient should be evaluated and treated. The best opportunity for control of the tumor and maximal function is dependent on the initial management. History and physical examination are essential. Each patient must be appropriately staged to determine the anatomic extent of the tumor and its histologic type and grade. Plane x-ray examination, tomograms, isotope bone scans, angiograms, and CT are all useful tools in the staging of a musculoskeletal tumor but must be requested with specific questions asked of the radiologist if maximal benefit is to be obtained from them. Serum determination of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, protein electrophoresis, and sedimentation rate and urine determination of protein electrophoresis are the minimal laboratory evaluations suggested. Following careful staging of the patient and discussion with the pathologist regarding possible diagnoses and treatment, a thoughtful biopsy should be done. Consideration should be given to an immediate limb salvage procedure when appropriate, based on a frozen section diagnosis. This requires that the surgeon who performs the biopsy accept the responsibility for the definitive treatment of the patient.
Regulation of ENaC trafficking in rat kidney

The epithelial Na channel (ENaC) forms a pathway for Na(+) reabsorption in the distal nephron, and regulation of these channels is essential for salt homeostasis. In the rat kidney, ENaC subunits reached the plasma membrane in both immature and fully processed forms, the latter defined by either endoglycosidase H-insensitive glycosylation or proteolytic cleavage. Animals adapted to a low-salt diet have increased ENaC surface expression that is specific for the mature forms of the subunit proteins and is similar (three- to fourfold) for α, β, and γENaC. Kidney membranes were fractionated using differential centrifugation, sucrose-gradient separation, and immunoabsorption. Endoplasmic reticulum membranes, isolated using an antibody against calnexin, expressed immature γENaC, and the content decreased with Na depletion. Golgi membranes, isolated with an antibody against the cis-Golgi protein GM130, expressed both immature and processed γENaC; Na depletion increased the content of processed γENaC in this fraction by 3.8-fold. An endosomal compartment isolated using an antibody against Rab11 contained both immature and processed γENaC; the content of processed subunit increased 2.4-fold with Na depletion. Finally, we assessed the content of γENaC in the late endocytic compartments indirectly using urinary exosomes. All of the γENaC in these exosomes was in the fully cleaved form, and its content increased by 4.5-fold with Na depletion. These results imply that stimulation of ENaC surface expression results at least in part from increased rates of formation of fully processed subunits in the Golgi and subsequent trafficking to the apical membrane.
Up-regulation of activating transcription factor 4 induces severe loss of dopamine nigral neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a member of the PERK signaling pathway, which directly binds endoplasmic reticulum stress target genes and plays a crucial role in both adaptations to stress and activation of apoptosis. Previous publications demonstrated conflicting evidence on the role of ATF4 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we used recombinant adeno-associate virus (rAAV)-mediated gene transfer to investigate if the sustained up-regulation of ATF4 launches a pro-survival or pro-death trend in the dopamine (DA) cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta in a rat model of Parkinson-like neurodegeneration induced by human alpha-synuclein (αS) overexpression. We showed that ATF4 does not protect nigral DA neurons against an αS-induced pathology. Moreover, the rAAV-mediated overexpression of ATF4 resulted in severe nigra-striatal degeneration via activation of caspases 3/7.
A Case of Lymphangioma of the Clitoris

Most authors regard lymphangiomas as malformations that arise from sequestrations of lymphatic tissue that should communicate normally with the lymphatic system. The majority of lymphangiomas seem developmental lesions occurring relatively early in life, but it rarely present in adult life. We report the case of a 17-year-old female with clitorial mass. Histological features that favor the diagnosis of lymphangioma over hemangioma are the presence of lymphoid aggregates in the stroma and more irregular lumina with widely spaced nuclei. The therapy of choice is a complete surgical excision. Our patient was excised her lesion completely and resulted in good prognosis.
A unified resource-constrained framework for graph SLAM

Graphical methods have proven an extremely useful tool employed by the mobile robotics community to frame estimation problems. Incremental solvers are able to process incoming sensor data and produce maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates in realtime by exploiting the natural sparsity within the graph for reasonable-sized problems. However, to enable truly longterm operation in prior unknown environments requires algorithms whose computation, memory, and bandwidth (in the case of distributed systems) requirements scale constantly with time and environment size. Some recent approaches have addressed this problem through a two-step process - first the variables selected for removal are marginalized which induces density, and then the result is sparsified to maintain computational efficiency. Previous literature generally addresses only one of these two components. In this work, we attempt to explicitly connect all of the aforementioned resource constraint requirements by considering the node removal and sparsification pipeline in its entirety. We formulate the node selection problem as a minimization problem over the penalty to be paid in the resulting sparsification. As a result, we produce node subset selection strategies that are optimal in terms of minimizing the impact, in terms of Kullback-Liebler divergence (KLD), of approximating the dense distribution by a sparse one. We then show that one instantiation of this problem yields a computationally tractable formulation. Finally, we evaluate the method on standard datasets and show that the KLD is minimized as compared to other commonly-used heuristic node selection techniques.
Does TV Belong in the Classroom? Cognitive Consequences of Visual “Literacy”

In the face of mounting support (on the part of academic writers, if not the general public) for an increased emphasis on visual media in primary and secondary education, this essay examines one of the major arguments accompanying this trend, namely, the idea that visual “literacy” (in the sense of fluency regarding the conventions of visual communication) leads to a more general enhancement of cognitive skills. The possibility that a specifically visual, TV-based educational program may have a broader, positive impact on the quality of thought is examined with regard to four areas of cognition: the formation of conceptual categories, analytic reasoning, spatial intelligence, and abstractive/analogical thinking.
Atomic layer epitaxy for the growth of heterostructures

The atomic layer epitaxial (ALE) growth of thin GaAs layers and their inclusion in quantum well devices is described. Uniform, high-quality materials have been grown by a modification of the MOCVD process that allows a single-monolayer control over layer thickness by relying on surface-controlled processes. Laser excitation has been used during ALE growth to deposit ultrathin layers of GaAs layers selectively and to form buried heterostructures. The growth techniques, materials and device properties, and applications to new areas are described. >
A strong contrast in crustal architecture from accreted terranes to craton, constrained by controlled-source seismic data in Idaho and eastern Oregon

Crustal structure was derived from EarthScope Idaho-Oregon (IDOR) controlled-source seismic data across the Precambrian continental margin in the Idaho and Oregon region of the U.S. Cordillera. Refraction and wide-angle reflection traveltimes were inverted to derive a seismic velocity model that constrains the contact between oceanic accreted terranes and craton. The seismic data reveal that the boundary is a near-vertical, through-going feature of the crust, represented by the transpressional western Idaho shear zone (WISZ). The WISZ separates crust with different seismic velocities at all depths, implying a contrast in lithology, and extends to an ∼7 km offset of the Moho. The thinner, ∼32-km-thick accreted terrane crust to the west is characterized by faster seismic velocities that correspond to an intermediate composition. We interpret a high-velocity layer below a high-amplitude seismic reflection as mafic magmatic underplating associated with the feeder system of the Columbia River Basalts. The cratonic crust east of the WISZ is 37–40 km thick, with a felsic composition to ∼29 km subsurface depth, underlain by an intermediate-composition layer above the Moho. The strong contrasts in lithology and crustal thickness across the WISZ have influenced subsequent magmatism and extension in the region. The northwestern extent of the Archean Grouse Creek cratonic block beneath the Atlanta lobe of the Idaho batholith is interpreted based on continuity of crustal architecture in the seismic model. The velocity structure and crustal thickness east of the WISZ are consistent with the Atlanta lobe melting within a thickened crust.
Novel Microfluidic Colon with an Extracellular Matrix Membrane

Collagen is a key element of basal lamina in physiological systems that participates in cell and tissue culture. Its function is for cell maintenance and growth, angiogenesis, disease progression, and immunology. The goal of our present study was to integrate a micrometer resolution membrane that is synthesized out of rat-tail type I collagen in a microfluidic device with apical and basolateral chambers. The collagen membrane was generated by lyophilization. In order to evaluate the compatibility of the resulting membrane with organs-on-chips technology, it was sandwiched between layers of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that had been prepared by replica molding, and the device was used to culture human colon caco 2 cells on the top of the membrane. Membrane microstructure, transport, and cell viability in the organs-on-chips were observed to confirm the suitability of our resulting membrane. Through transport studies, we compared diffusion of two different membranes: Transwell and our resulting collagen memb...
Cell Polarity and Division Symmetry Analyses in Transformed Blood Cells

Cdc42 was originally discovered as a key regulator of bud site assembly and polarity in S. cerevisiae. Recent genetic studies have shown that the function of Cdc42 in regulating cell polarity appears highly conserved from budding yeast to humans. The role of Cdc42 in hematopoietic cell transformation and leukemia progression has been studied in an acute myeloid leukemia model using the MLL-AF9 oncogene-induced transformation and a Cdc42 conditional gene-targeted mouse model. Here we describe the leukemia cell polarity and division symmetry assays in the context of leukemia cell fate determination.
Macroprolactinoma: Diagnosis and Management in a Patient with Infertility

A 31-year-old who had a history of delayed puberty and then developed amenorrhea after stopping birth control pills was found to have a macroprolactinoma. Cabergoline therapy resulted in normalization of prolactin and menstrual periods within 6 months. The adenoma size decreased slowly, and the patient conceived. The dopamine agonist was withdrawn upon conception and restarted postpartum. Visual fields were monitored during the pregnancy which was uneventful. The diagnosis and therapy of hyperprolactinemia in a patient seeking fertility and the peri-partum management of prolactinoma during pregnancy are discussed.
Left Pan-Hippocampal Low Grade Glioma—2-Stage Transsylvian Transventricular and Paramedian Supracerebellar Transtentorial Approaches: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

The surgical goal for low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is to maximize resection while minimizing morbidity. Pan-hippocampal LGGs extend from the hippocampal head to the hippocampal tail, and involve the parahippocampal gyrus and uncus. Given their anteroposterior extension, they cannot be completely removed with 1 single approach, requiring a 2-stage front-to-back operation. In this video, we present the case of a 52-yr-old man with new onset of generalized seizures and a dominant-side, nonenhancing, pan-hippocampal infiltrative lesion compatible with a low-grade glioma. Preoperative high-definition fiber tractography (HDFT) showed the spatial relationship of the tumor with surrounding fiber tracts, such as the arcuate, inferior fronto-occipital, and middle longitudinal fascicles, and optic radiations. Surgical resection was planned in 2 separate stages. The first stage consisted of a transsylvian transinferior insular sulcus approach to the extra- and intraventricular aspects of the uncohippocampal region. The entire anterior and middle portions of the tumor were successfully removed with minimal morbidity, including transient naming difficulties and permanent superior quadrantanopia. Postoperative HDFT showed preservation of all fiber tracts, except for a portion of Meyer's loop and the inferior-most aspect of the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle. The second stage was completed 8 wk later and consisted of a paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach on sitting position. The posterior portion of the tumor was entirely removed to achieve a complete macroscopic tumor resection. The final diagnosis was IDH1-positive LGG. Pan-hippocampal tumors remain a surgical challenge but accurate knowledge of surgical neuroanatomy and surgical approaches facilitates their safe and effective treatment. The patient signed an informed consent including the use of photographic and video material for educational or academic purposes.
‘Sounding to Present Occasions’: Andrew Marvell’s ‘Two Songs at the Marriage of the Lord Fauconberg and the Lady Mary Cromwell’

Andrew Marvell’s ‘Two Songs at the Marriage of the Lord Fauconberg and the Lady Mary Cromwell’ does not garner the attention of his other political Protectorate poems, particularly ‘An Horatian Ode’ and ‘The First Anniversary’. Perhaps deterred by the obvious patronage aspects of the two poems, the questionable mixture of myth and pastoral, the epithalamium expectations without the epithalamium structure, and the probable musical setting of the work, readers have tended to ignore the companion pieces as flattering attempts to gain patronage. However, a close study of the poems—the imagery, the allegory, and the genres portrayed therein—evidences Marvell’s uncanny ability to structure the work conventionally yet subvert the anticipated framework to depict the tensions, conflicts, and contradictions evident in this marriage. Like its two more prominent ‘cousin’ poems, ‘Two Songs’ mirrors and analyzes the uncertainties of Cromwell and his government; however, the work surpasses these poems in its ability not only to depict but even to censure these ambiguities by presenting a personal encomium to the Cromwell family as a pastoral masque in dialogue, joining the two poems as a satiric epithalamium that can then ‘sound to present occasions’ while subtly portraying conflicts in genres, family, social status, and politics, delighting his audience of ‘understanders’ with ‘more remov’d mysteries’. ‘Two Songs’ deserves a more prominent place in the Marvell canon.
Universal Joule Heating Model in Electrophoretic Separation Microchips

This paper presents an analytical Joule heating dispersion model for rectangular microchannels. The model holds in all convection-diffusion mass transfer regimes and captures the effects of cross-sectional shape and separation time on JH induced dispersion. The model is verified by three-dimensional numerical simulation and agrees with experimental data from microchip electrophoresis.
Adoption of Robotic Technology in Surgical Practice

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic (RAL) surgery continues to increase in popularity, often at a rate that outpaces the data to support its use. While there are a multitude of purported advantages with RAL techniques, there are key barriers to adoption including increased operative times and potential costs, and issues related to training and the learning curve. The authors review advantages and disadvantages as well as specific suggestions related to training and adoption of robotics in surgical practice.
Gene-Diet Interactions: Dietary Rescue of Metabolic Defects in spen-depleted Drosophila melanogaster

Obesity and its comorbidities are a growing health epidemic. Interactions between genetic background, the environment, and behavior (i.e., diet) greatly influence organismal energy balance. Previously, we described obesogenic mutations in the gene Split ends (Spen) in Drosophila melanogaster, and roles for Spen in fat storage and metabolic state. Lipid catabolism is impaired in Spen-deficient fat storage cells, accompanied by a compensatory increase in glycolytic flux and protein catabolism. Here, we investigate gene-diet interactions to determine if diets supplemented with specific macronutrients can rescue metabolic dysfunction in Spen-depleted animals. We show that a high-yeast diet partially rescues adiposity and developmental defects. High sugar partially improves developmental timing as well as longevity of mated females. Gene-diet interactions were heavily influenced by developmental-stage-specific organismal needs: extra yeast provides benefits early in development (larval stages) but becomes detrimental in adulthood. High sugar confers benefits to Spen-depleted animals at both larval and adult stages, with the caveat of increased adiposity. A high-fat diet is detrimental according to all tested criteria, regardless of genotype. Whereas Spen depletion influenced phenotypic responses to supplemented diets, diet was the dominant factor in directing the whole-organism steady-state metabolome. Obesity is a complex disease of genetic, environmental, and behavioral inputs. Our results show that diet customization can ameliorate metabolic dysfunction underpinned by a genetic factor.
Validation of Sentinel-3A SLSTR derived Sea-Surface Skin Temperatures with those of the shipborne M-AERI

Abstract The Skin Sea-Surface Temperature (SSTskin) derived from satellite measurements is one of the critical factors for determining ocean-atmosphere interactions in climate prediction and ocean research. Sentinel-3A is a European Earth Observation satellite mission developed to support ocean, land, and atmospheric applications. We compare three years of SSTskin from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) on board the Sentinel-3A satellite from July 2017–March 2019 with independent data from Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (M-AERIs) deployed on research cruises. The comparison results show an average difference of −0.098 K and Robust Standard Deviation of 0.296 K between SLSTR and M-AERI SSTskin values; the average value meets the pre-launch scientific objective of a mean accuracy
Overcoming imposter syndrome

Feeling like an imposter is commonly reported by veterinary students and new graduates. In fact, this phenomenon is frequently reported by high-achievers in many professions. Several characteristics have been attributed to this complex syndrome, including self-criticism, feelings of insecurity, and the overwhelming surety that one does not really belong in this profession. The imposter syndrome is also a predictor of psychological distress and can negatively impact career advancement. Understanding how this syndrome arises can help to develop strategies that can be useful in overcoming it. This paper introduces some of the causes of imposter syndrome as well as some approaches that can be utilized by veterinarians to increase their resilience and coping skills in order to overcome imposter syndrome.
The connected condition: romanticism and the dream of communication: by Yohei Igarashi, Stanford, California, Stanford UP, 2020, 256 pp., $60.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-1-5036-1004-0

In the conclusion of Yohei Igarashi's The Connected Condition: Romanticism and the Dream of Communication, he comments that “the world of communication itself can be discovered inside the poetic, s...
Bullous Pemphigoid After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the safest and most routinely performed orthopedic procedures. As the volume of cases is expected to rise each year, so too will the incidence of uncommon complications. We describe a rare case of bullous pemphigoid, an autoimmune skin blistering disorder, that occurred after total knee arthroplasty in an otherwise healthy patient and led to hospital readmission. Early diagnosis and treatment of this condition may limit its spread and help to avoid comorbid sequelae.
Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Patients With Versus Without Dementia.

INTRODUCTION Discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy has increased in recent years, but whether this trend extends to patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementia remains unclear. METHODS Medicare data from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed to compare the trends in the use and discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy between patients with and without Alzheimer disease and related dementia who had chronic noncancer pain. Outcome measures were annual proportions of (1) patients who received long-term opioid therapy and (2) long-term opioid therapy users who subsequently discontinued opioids for ≥30, 60, or 90 days during 12-month follow-up. All analyses were performed in 2021. RESULTS The use of long-term opioid therapy decreased from 2011 to 2017 in both patients with and without Alzheimer disease and related dementia. In long-term opioid therapy users, discontinuation of opioids for ≥30, 60, and 90 days increased by 8% (95% CI=1.04, 1.12, p<0.001), 13% (95% CI=1.06, 1.20, p<0.001), and 18% (95% CI=1.10, 1.28, p<0.001), respectively, between 2011 and 2017 among patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementia, whereas the proportion was largely declining or unchanged among patients without the condition. Differences in long-term opioid therapy discontinuation by Alzheimer disease status widened over time (p<0.01 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS Discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy was consistently higher in patients with than in patients without Alzheimer disease and related dementia, with the gap between the 2 groups widening over time. The reasons for these differences and the risk-benefit of increased long-term opioid therapy discontinuation among patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementia warrant further investigation.
Problems in Hodgkin’s Disease Management

I NSPECTION OF the Hodgkin’s disease (HD) mortality curve (Fig [1][1]) gives cause for satisfaction with the progress of the past 30 years. United States mortality, which remained above 1.8 per 100,000 per year in the 1950s and early 1960s, had decreased to 0.47 by 1994.[1][2] The most recent 5-
Two Lipoproteins Extracted from Escherichia coli K-12 LCD25 Lipopolysaccharide Are the Major Components Responsible for Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Signaling

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated cell activation induced by commercial preparations of LPS was recently shown to arise from impurities whose identities are not known. In this work, we determined the molecules responsible for TLR2-mediated cell activation in LPS derived from Escherichia coli K-12 strain LCD25. When LCD25 LPS was phenol extracted, two proteins capable of TLR2-mediated cell activation were purified and identified as E. coli lipoproteins. We cloned, expressed, and purified these two lipoproteins, Lip19 and Lip12. Lip19 or Lip12 activated TNF-α production from RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells in a TLR2-dependent manner. However, neither Lip19 nor Lip12 activated HUVECs, which lack endogenous TLR2. Additionally, IκB kinase β and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 activation in THP-1 cells induced by Lip19 or Lip12 was observed. TLR2 activation by Lip19 and Lip12 in HEK293 cells was blocked by inhibitory anti-TLR2 mAbs. The unlipidated mutants, Lip19-C19S and Lip12-C21S, in which the NH2-terminal cysteine was substituted by serine, lost their ability to activate TLR2-transfected HEK 293 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that two lipoproteins constitute the major contaminants responsible for TLR2-mediated cell activation in E. coli LCD25 LPS.
Design of Nonlinear Frequency Controller for Isolated Thermal Power System with Generation Rate Constraint

A nonlinear control scheme for thermal power system frequency control is described. Nonlinear controller is developed through describing function stability analysis of the system Controller ensures stability of the system for any input. Simulation results are given showing the smooth operation of described control scheme. Paper describes in detail the stability analysis and controller design.
Panel Conditioning: Effect of Participation Frequency on Overall Acceptance Scores from Consumer Panels

Research subjects who participate frequently in some survey types are known to provide responses that differ from subjects who participate less frequently. The supposed learning or training that occurs from repeated survey involvement is known as panel conditioning. Consumer scoring of overall acceptance of a wide variety of food categories was collected from consumer panels conducted in a central location facility. Data spanning 11 years were analyzed to determine evidence of panel conditioning by measuring the effect of participation frequency on mean consumer scoring among frequent, moderate and infrequent participants. Participation frequency was determined by panelists' number of previous panel visits within specific time intervals. Practical significance and occurrence of panel conditioning, defined as mean scoring differences of ≥0.50 on a discrete 9-point scale hedonic point, were examined. Results indicate that for overall acceptance, in general, mean scoring differences were not practically significant and did not signify occurrence of panel conditioning. Practical Applications Studies relating panel conditioning to online panels/surveys have been conducted; however, little research relates panel conditioning to food sensory evaluation conducted at a central location. If panel conditioning occurs in food sensory evaluation, frequently participating panelists may score differently than infrequently participating panelists and provide unrepresentative data. Thus, food sensory laboratories may need to continually monitor the participation frequency of current panelists. If panel conditioning does not occur, regardless of panelists' participation frequency, and does not result in scoring differences in food sensory evaluation, then this monitoring process would be unnecessary. There would be no concern in reusing qualified panelists and they would not have to be eliminated from panel participation due to recent or frequent previous panel participation.
The Probability of Relative Primality of Gaussian Integers

In this paper we generalize, to an arbitrary number field, the theorem which gives the probability that two integers are relatively prime. The probability that two integers are relatively prime is 1/ζ(2), where ζ is the Riemann zeta function and 1/ζ(2)=6/π2. The theorem for an arbitrary number field states that the probability that two ideals are relatively prime is the reciprocal of the zeta function of the number field evaluated at two. In particular, since the Gaussian integers are an unique factorization domain, we get the probability that two Gaussian integers are relatively prime is 1/ζ G (2) where ζ G is the zeta function associated with the Gaussian integers.
Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Siliceous Solids Polycondensed from Tetra- and Trihydroxysilane

Abstract The chemical structure of siloxanes polycondensed from tetra- and trihydroxysilane monomers is investigated with reactive molecular dynamics. Solids of varying densities, ranging from porous gels to glasses are obtained through an iterative scheme in which silane is periodically added to the reacting system. It is found that tetrahydroxysilane forms denser solids, with smaller siloxane rings, and a greater concentration of siloxane bridges in comparison to trihydroxysilane, which produces networks of silsesquioxane clusters and sheets. The thermal treatment of solids produced from tetrahydroxysilane is modeled after drying, which leads to densification, and a reduction of porosity and silanol content. Dense solids with low silanol concentration are found to be less susceptible to shrinkage during thermal treatment.
Abstract A14: Small Tumor Diameter at Cure Threshold (< 20mm) Among Aggressive Lung Cancers Predicts both Chest X-ray and CT Screening Outcomes in a Novel Simulation Framework

Background: The population distribution of lung cancer growth and tumor diameter at cure threshold is an important component of a model of the natural course of lung cancer. Methods: We simulate outcomes in the Mayo CT lung screening study using an existing simulation model of lung cancer progression calibrated to the Mayo Lung Project (males only) and evaluate the goodness of fit. We perform a likelihood-based analysis to determine whether the conditional probability of five-year lung cancer survival given tumor diameter at detection depends significantly on detection modality. A novel probabilistic model characterizes growth and tumor progression after transformation of a single malignant cell, governed by two parameters f and μ, the branching fraction and cellular mutation rate, respectively. We identify distinct sets of parameter pairs (f,μ), each of which satisfies a method of moments condition given a survival function governing detection in the absence of screening. We examine their goodness of fit with respect to simulated tumor size and five-year lung cancer survival among detected incident lung cancers in the MLP and Mayo CT studies. Results: An existing model of lung cancer progression under-predicts the number of advanced-stage incident lung cancers among males in the Mayo CT study (p-value = 0.004). The probability of five-year lung cancer survival given size at detection depends significantly on detection modality (p-value = 0.0312). Selected models having a median tumor diameter at cure threshold ranging from 16.7–27.0 mm predict both MLP and Mayo CT outcomes. Conclusions: The median lung tumor diameter at cure threshold among aggressive lung cancers may be small (
Yield stress of laterite suspensions

The yield stresses of aqueous laterite suspensions as functions of solids concentration and suspension pH, or ζ potential, were measured using the direct vane method. In addition, capillary rheometer shear stress—shear rate data were taken for the most concentrated test suspension, and these were used to estimate the yield stress by various extrapolations, and to compare them with the directly measured value using the vane geometry. Detailed characterizations of all test suspensions were carried out. The yield stress was found to depend strongly on suspension pH, attaining a minimum at the isoelectric point occurring at high pH. It was found to follow approximately a straight-line relationship with the square of the ζ potential, and its dependence on solids concentration is described by a two-parameter nonlinear relationship which gives the appropriate behavior in both the dilute limit and the concentrated limit near maximum packing.In situ particle size measurements by sedimentation suggest that the degree of flocculation is high under acidic conditions. The capillary rheometer data reflect strongly non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior.