cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Enthalpy of Formation of Hydroxyl Radical and Gas-Phase Bond Dissociation Energies of Water and Hydroxyl

In a recent letter (J. Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105,1), we argued that, although all major thermochemical tables recommend a value of (OH) based on a spectroscopic approach, the correct value is 0.5 kcal/mol lower as determined from an ion cycle. In this paper, we expand upon and augment both the experimental and theoretical arguments presented in the letter. In particular, three separate experiments (mass-selected photoionization measurements, pulsed-field-ionization photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, and photoelectron-photoion coincidence measurements) utilizing the positive ion cycle to derive the O−H bond energy are shown to converge to a consensus value of the appearance energy AE0(OH+/H2O) = 146117 ± 24 cm-1 (18.1162 ± 0.0030 eV). With the most accurate currently available zero kinetic energy photoionization value for the ionization energy IE(OH) = 104989 ± 2 cm-1, corroborated by a number of photoelectron measurements, this leads to D0(H−OH) = 41128 ± 24 cm-1 = 117.59 ± 0.07 kcal/mol. This corres...
Nanophotonics and interconnects - Status and future directions

Optical interconnects at progressively shorter distances and higher communications densities demand novel optics and very low operating energies. Optoelectronics with femtojoule or lower energies and compact custom and self-designing optics may enable the lower energy per operation and higher bandwidth density required for continued scaling of information processing, with significant potential impact for systems. Novel approaches will be summarized.
Negligible uptake and transfer of diet-derived pollen microRNAs in adult honey bees

The putative transfer and gene regulatory activities of diet-derived miRNAs in ingesting animals are still debated. Importantly, no study to date has fully examined the role of dietary uptake of miRNA in the honey bee, a critical pollinator in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. After controlled pollen feeding experiments in adult honey bees, we observed that midguts demonstrated robust increases in plant miRNAs after pollen ingestion. However, we found no evidence of biologically relevant delivery of these molecules to proximal or distal tissues of recipient honey bees. Our results, therefore, support the premise that pollen miRNAs ingested as part of a typical diet are not robustly transferred across barrier epithelia of adult honey bees under normal conditions. Key future questions include whether other small RNA species in honey bee diets behave similarly and whether more specialized and specific delivery mechanisms exist for more efficient transport, particularly in the context of stressed barrier epithelia.
A Multiplexed Optical Fiber Sensor System For Distributed Measurement Of Structural Strains

Structurally integrated optical fiber sensors form the basis for smart structure technology. Over the past decade a variety of sensor configurations have been developed for measurement of strains and deformations in structures. Strains and deformations alter the refractive index and the geometry of the optical fiber material. These changes perturb the intensity, phase, and polarization of the light-wave propagating along the probing fiber. The optical perturbations are detected for the determination of strain. The research presented here describes the development of a new optical fiber sensor system for measurement of structural strains based on white light interferometry. An optical switch provides for multiplexing of strain signals from various locations in the structure. Redundant Bragg grating type fiber optic sensors as well as strain gauges were employed for comparison and verification of strain signals as measured by the new system. The system provides capability for distributed sensing of strains in large structures.
Electoral Change and Policy Consequences Representation in the 97th Congress

This article compares constituency opinion and roll call voting behavior of U.S. representatives in the 96th (1979-1980) and 97th (1981-1982) Congresses for four classes of district types: those that switched party in the 1980 election, those that replaced a representative with a new member of the same party, those that returned Democrats, and those that returned Republicans to Congress. Switched-seat districts exhibit the largest changes in voting behavior from the 96th to the 97th Congress, yet the behavior of the new representative is not always consistent with constituency preferences. All four groups of representatives voted more conservatively in the 97th Congress than they or their counterparts had in the 96th, suggesting that House members may have interpreted the 1980 election as a mandate for conservatism. Yet more often than not this conservatism moved representatives away from, rather than toward, constituency preferences, suggesting that voters made retrospective rather than prospective choic...
IN VIVO INCORPORATION OF D-GLUCOSAMINE-1-C14 INTO ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF RABBIT LIVER.

SummarySummary and conclusion. Studies have been made of the in vivo incorporation of radioactive glucosamine into the mucopolysaccharides of rabbit liver. After intraperitoneal injection of radioactive glucosamine, acid mucopolysaccharides with high specific activity were isolated from the liver. Radioactively labeled substances with electrophoretic mobility (on paper) and staining characteristics of hyaluronic acid and heparitin sulfate were found. Glucosamine was the only radioactive substance found in the mucopolysaccharide preparations. This radioactivity amounted to only 2.5 to 10.5% of the total bound radioactivity. A system is apparently present which utilizes preformed glucosamine for the synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides.
Surveillance results and analysis on measles antibody level of population in Yuanjiang in 2013

Objective To investigate Yuanjiang population measles antibody levels,and to provide a scientific basis for the control and the development of strategies to eliminate measles. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) was used for the detection of 361 measles populations Ig G antibody. Results Measles antibody positive rate was 96. 95%,the average antibody concentration( GMC) was 3 078. 04 m IU / ml. In different gender groups there was no statistical significance on measles antibody positive rate( χ2= 0. 7,P 0. 05); differences on crowd measles antibody positive rates in different regions and GMC had statistical significance( χ2= 10. 5,P 0. 05,F = 15. 284,P 0. 05); different measles antibody positive rate and GMC difference in age groups had statistical significance( χ2= 36. 3,P 0. 05,F = 2. 469,P 0. 05). Conclusion Measles antibody levels were high in healthy Yuanjiang people,although which can form an effective immune barrier,the first dose vaccination rates for 8-month-old children should be raised timely.
The Research of Testing Automation Framework base on Selenium

Testing Automation,as one important embranchment of the Software Testing Technology,is becoming more and more popular in every stage of the software developing.It could save cost of testing;it could improve testing efficiency;more then that,it could reduce the lifecycle of the developing which was a long time trip.This article descripts a Testing Automation Framework Model,which is base on Keyword Drive-one of the ripe methods of Testing Automation technologies.Besides,it will provide the example implement of this model by using Selenium tool.
Determination of Methylmercury in Food Commodities by Gas-Liquid Chromatography with Atomic Emission Detection

A method was developed for determining methylmercury in various food commodities. The organomercurial species was converted to methylmercuric chloride by treatment of a sample homogenized with 1.8M HCl. The resulting chlorinated species was eluted from a Celite 545-sample homogenate column with methylene chloride. The eluate was treated with stannic chloride, and the analyte was isolated from coextractives by using a wide-bore capillary column with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission detection. The method was applied to both high- and low-moisture commodities during analysis of 32 samples of grains, cereal products, fruits, and vegetables. Methylmercury was found at trace levels (i.e., between a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 and 10:1) and up to 0.85 ppb. Recoveries of added methylmercury ranged from 70.0 to 114.0%. Limits of quantitation and detection were 0.63 and 0.24 pg on column, respectively, corresponding to 0.30 and 0.11 ng Hg/g sample for a 40 g sample treated according to the method.
Unusual brachial plexus lesion: Hematoma masquerading as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) of the brachial plexus have unique radiographic and clinical findings. Patients often present with progressive upper extremity paresthesias, weakness, and pain. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, lesions are isointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences, while also demonstrating marked enhancement on MR studies with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. On the basis of their characteristic MR imaging features and rapid clinical progression, two brachial plexus lesions proved to be organizing hematomas rather than MPNST. METHODS A 51-year-old male and a 31-year-old female were both assessed for persistent and worsened left-sided upper extremity pain, paresthesias, and weakness. In both cases, the MR imaging of the brachial plexus demonstrated an extraspinal enhancing lesion located within the left C7-T1 neuroforamina. RESULTS Although the clinical and radiographic MR features for these 2 patients were consistent with MPNSTs, both lesions proved to be benign organizing hematomas. CONCLUSIONS These two case studies emphasize that brachial plexus hematomas may mimic MPNSTs on MR studies. Accurate diagnosis of these lesions is critical for determining the appropriate management options and treatment plans. Delaying the treatment of a highly aggressive nerve sheath tumor can have devastating consequences, whereas many hematomas resolve without surgery. Therefore, if the patient has stable findings on neurological examination and a history of trauma, surgical intervention may be delayed in favor of repeat MR imaging in 2-3 months to re-evaluate the size of the mass.
Tolerance of Loblolly Pines to Fusiform Rust

Loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) thut were 8 to 17 yr old tolerated one to three fus(form rust (Cronartium quercuum (Berk.)Miyabe exShiraij sp. fusiforme) galls in theirstems. Families withfourormore galls in their stems lost 2.5% or more ofthe trees by age 17. In living trees with less thanf<jurstem galls, diameter growth was comparable to that of trees with no galls. Tolerance was indicated by the abilit?, of loblolly pines to maintain the rustfungus in stems that had dbh 's similar to asymptomatic trees on the same site. Inpluntutions, the number of galls in the stem was generally one to two per infected tree. This was ulso true,for mature trees (12 to 38 in. dbh) along the Nutchez Trace Parkway. These trees have been infected withfusiform rustfor nearly 100 yr. On the other hand, the presence offour or more stem galls seems to be a reliable indicator of mortality
5 Ps of Management

Management is a process of accomplishing organizational goals. It is not about the functions. The 5 Ps of management are: 1. Plan 2. Process 3. People 4. Possessions 5. Profits
Dietary Interventions and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the best studied of the functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered bowel habits, which may include constipation, diarrhea, or both. IBS has a significant negative impact on patients, both financially and with regard to their quality-of-life. At present, there is no cure for IBS, and while there are a number of pharmacological therapies available to treat IBS symptoms, they are not uniformly effective. For this reason, many patients and providers are turning to dietary interventions in an attempt to ameliorate IBS symptoms. At first glance, this approach appears reasonable as dietary interventions are generally safe and side effects, including potential adverse reactions with medications, are rare. However, although dietary interventions for IBS are frequently recommended, there is a paucity of data to support their use. The goals of this article are to answer key questions about diets currently recommended for the treatment of IBS, using the best available data from the literature.
Four Uncommon Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) New for Arkansas, U.S.A.

We report the following four uncommonly encountered assassin bug species: Empicoris errabundus, E. rubromaculatus, Ploiariacarolina, and P. hirticornis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) for the first time from Arkansas. Both genera also were unreported previously for the state. Our Ploiariacarolina record constitutes a significant western range extension of >750 km to west of the Mississippi River; the other three species have been reported previously from areas surrounding Arkansas. We further provide digital images of each species and of taxonomically important characters, along with updated distribution maps.
Electrooculography based electronic communication device for individuals with ALS

Unfortunately, nearly one million individuals in the United States are affected with paralysis, loss of motor skills, motor neuron disease such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). As a result, there are many people who are unable to operate a computer or other electronic devices. This paper presents a low-cost electrooculography (EOG) based electronic communication system that allows a user, specifically a persons diagnosed with ALS, to perform basic computer tasks by recording eye movement. Subjects who participated in the prototype testing were healthy, and instructed to keep head movements to a minimum so that there would be no influence on how the mouse functions. Each subject was instructed to complete a set of tasks for a total of two trials. The prototype test results showed that healthy subjects could complete most tasks within a given timeframe. Results also showed improved performance in subjects as they become more comfortable with the device.
Strengthening Ties on Social Networking Sites: The Effects of Social Learning and Commitment Building

Social networking sites make it easier for people to form, maintain, and identify relationships. Yet, building social capital also involves strengthening weaker ties. Can social networking sites help people strengthen pre-existing ties with others? In this paper, we theorize and test two mechanisms through which the visibility of communication and social information on social networking sites facilitate strengthening ties: social learning and commitment building. Using survey data, we show both mechanisms are associated with building stronger ties over time. And their use together is particularly critical for strengthening ties when time is short. These findings highlight a new use of social networking sites in the development of social capital: strengthening pre-existing ties.
Outcomes of a hybrid approach of percutaneous coronary intervention followed by minimally invasive aortic valve replacement

Background: In patients requiring coronary revascularization and aortic valve replacement, a combined approach of percutaneous coronary intervention followed by minimally invasive aortic valve replacement may be a viable treatment strategy. Methods: The outcomes of 123 consecutive patients with significant coronary artery and aortic valve disease, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention followed by elective minimally invasive aortic valve replacement between February 2009 and April 2014, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The cohort consisted of 80 males and 43 females, with a mean age of 75.7±8.1 years. Drug-eluting stents were used in 69.9% of the patients, and 64.2% were on dual anti-platelet therapy at the time of aortic valve replacement. Within a median of 39 days (IQR 21–64), 83.7% of the patients underwent primary and 16.3% underwent re-operative minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Post-operatively, there was 1 (0.8%) cerebrovascular accident, 1 patient (0.8%) required a re-operation due to bleeding, and 2 (1.6%) developed acute kidney injury. Thirty-day mortality occurred in 2 (1.6%) patients. Follow-up was available for all of the patients, and at a mean follow-up period of 14.3±12.5 months, 4 (3.3%) had an acute coronary syndrome, and 1 (0.8%) required a repeat target vessel revascularization. The actuarial survival rate at 1- and 3-year was 92.7% and 89.4%, respectively. Conclusions: In a select group of patients with coronary artery and aortic valve disease, a combined approach of percutaneous coronary intervention followed by minimally invasive aortic valve replacement can be safely performed with excellent short-term and midterm outcomes.
A Simple but Tough-to-Beat Baseline for Sentence Embeddings

The success of neural network methods for computing word embeddings has motivated methods for generating semantic embeddings of longer pieces of text, such as sentences and paragraphs. Surprisingly, Wieting et al (ICLR'16) showed that such complicated methods are outperformed, especially in out-of-domain (transfer learning) settings, by simpler methods involving mild retraining of word embeddings and basic linear regression. The method of Wieting et al. requires retraining with a substantial labeled dataset such as Paraphrase Database (Ganitkevitch et al., 2013). The current paper goes further, showing that the following completely unsupervised sentence embedding is a formidable baseline: Use word embeddings computed using one of the popular methods on unlabeled corpus like Wikipedia, represent the sentence by a weighted average of the word vectors, and then modify them a bit using PCA/SVD. This weighting improves performance by about 10% to 30% in textual similarity tasks, and beats sophisticated supervised methods including RNN's and LSTM's. It even improves Wieting et al.'s embeddings. This simple method should be used as the baseline to beat in future, especially when labeled training data is scarce or nonexistent. The paper also gives a theoretical explanation of the success of the above unsupervised method using a latent variable generative model for sentences, which is a simple extension of the model in Arora et al. (TACL'16) with new "smoothing" terms that allow for words occurring out of context, as well as high probabilities for words like and, not in all contexts.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE EGG PARASITE TRICHOGRAMMA PRETIOSUM (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) AND A PREDATOR, XYLOCORIS FLAVIPES, (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) OF THE ALMOND MOTH, CADRA CAUTELLA, (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

Tests were conducted to determine interspecific interactions between an egg parasite, Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley), and a general predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter), of the almond moth, Cadra ...
Acquired adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis: an immunohistochemical study of its pathogenesis

Summary Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis (AHRT) is an uncommon abnormality first described by Nistal and Paniagua in 1988. Congenital and acquired forms of AHRT are recognized. We present a case of AHRT in a patient who underwent bilateral orchiectomy for penile carcinoma; he had received chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma 18 years prior. Proposed causes for this disorder include developmental, hormonal, and paracrine induction by adjacent testicular tumors and exposure to chemicals, based on clinical contexts but without experimental support. We performed immunohistochemical studies using markers of cell cycle (cyclin D1, p16), proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (bcl2), senescence ( γ -H2AX), and androgen receptors to try to provide scientific support for or refute existing hypotheses. Our results indicate that, in this case of acquired AHRT after chemotherapy, the process is neither adenomatous nor hyperplastic but rather represents abnormal accumulation of rete testis cells with acquired senescence.
4CPS-184 Comparison of safety and adherence of new oral therapies for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Background Teriflunomide and dimethylfumarate are two new oral therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Due to the increase in patients with these treatments, face-to-face interviews were carried out with these patients in the outpatient area in order to obtain more information. Purpose To analyse the reason for switching, safety and adherence to treatment in RRMS with dimethylfumarate (DMF) and teriflunomide (TRF). Material and methods A retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2015 and September 2017. Data were obtained from pharmaceutical care visits: age, sex, previous treatments, reason for change and adverse effects (AE). Adherence was measured using the Morisky–Green tests. Results One hundred and forty-seven patients were included (71.2% females), mean age was 42.4±11.5 years. Eighty-five patients were treated with TRF, 61 with DMF and 11 received sequential treatment with both drugs: 57,5% had received previous treatment. Reasons for switching treatment were: poor tolerance to parenteral administration (44%), disease progression (13.1%), skin lesions (9.5%), muscle aches (9.5%), flu-like syndrome (7.1%), gastrointestinal alterations (4.8%), JCV antibody positive (3.6%) and other causes (8.3%). 21.9% of the patients with DMF had been pretreated and 78.7% were adherent to treatment. 49.2% presented good tolerance. Main AE were: facial flushing (34.4%), gastrointestinal alterations (26.2%) and muscle pains (3.3%). DMF was discontinued in six patients and the reason was AE in three patients, disease progression in two and pregnancy in one. 35.6% of the patients with TRF had been pretreated and 90.6% were adherents. 64.7% presented good tolerance. Main AE were: alopecia (9.4%), gastrointestinal alterations (9.4%), blood pressure increase (4.7%), for skin reaction (4.7%) and muscle pains (3.5%). TRF was discontinued in eight patients and the reason was AE in four patients, disease progression in three and pregnancy in one. Conclusion Main reason for switching treatment to new oral drugs is poor tolerance to injections, as oral route means an improvement over other routes of administration. Dimethylfumarate and teriflunomide are drugs well tolerated by most of the patients interviewed. Pharmaceutical care should be implemented in all patients with RRMS, in order to obtain more information about safety profile and improved adherence to new drugs. No conflict of interest
THE SPECIES CONCEPT IN YEAST: PHYSIOLOGIC, MORPHOLOGIC, GENETIC, AND ECOLOGIC PARAMETERS

ABSTRACT The concept of delimiting yeast species has undergone profound changes as knowledge about yeast increased. Early investigators used sugar fermentations plus minor morphologic features for species separation. The limited number of physiologic characteristics used led to “species” comprising two or more biologic entities, whereas the use of relatively minor morphologic properties produced many species based on trivial differences. With the development of the Dutch School of yeast taxonomy the use of some assimilatory reactions of sugars improved the ability to separate species somewhat. About 1950, very significant advances were realized by the introduction of a wide spectrum of carbon compounds by Wickerham. This diminished the number of “mixed species” but did not eliminate uncertainties as to the number and kinds of criteria necessary for species separation. Nuclear DNA base composition data further revealed that a significant number of species, especially those lacking a sexual state, were comprised of strains with widely varying mol% guanine + cytosine. In our experience, strains differing by more than 1-2 mol% G+C are unlikely to share significant DNA base sequences in their nuclear genomes. Nuclear genome comparison by DNA/DNA reassociation experiments has thrown further light on the species status of a number of yeasts. Such experiments have shown that many currently accepted species, that were separated on the basis of one or more fermentation or assimilation differences of sugars, had virtually identical base sequences in their DNAs and should therefore be considered conspecific. In contrast, some species with virtually identical phenotypic properties proved to have very low degrees of base complementarity. In such cases a search for new phenotypic differentiating properties is needed. We find that habitat specificity can be an important parameter in species delimitation. Finally, genetic compatibility i.e. the ability of related organisms to mate freely and to produce viable spores, constitutes an important criterion for conspecificity. On the other hand, organisms between which a free gene flow does not occur under natural conditions (e.g. by separation of habitat) usually have genomes that have diverged sufficiently far, so that conspecificity no longer applies. KEYWORDS Speciation;, evolutionary divergence;, genome comparison;, genetic compatibility;, niche specificity.
The longevity of nuclear power systems

It appears likely that nuclear power plants can be operated safely in excess of the licensed 40 years. This conclusion is based on a systematic review of the plant systems and favorable experience ...
Redox Reactivity of Manganese “Capped” Metalloporphyrins

For the past three years, we have been in pursuit of the redox properties of various pentacoordinate metalloporphyrins which remain coordinated to the same axial ligand upon electron transfer. Porphyrins with a high degree of steric hindrance built onto only one side of the porphyrin seemingly provide a straightforward means for preparing pentacoordinate metalloporphyrin complexes. However, ligand addition studies on the “picket fence”, “strapped”, “pocket” and “bis-pocket” porphyrins have indicated that these materials are unsuitable for this type of study because diadduct formation can occur1–4. Likewise, the various “strapped” metalloporphyrins are not appropriate because of the accessibility of the metal centers to coordination by components of the supporting electrolyte. Metallo derivatives of Baldwin’s “capped” porphyrin5 have been selected (see Figure 1 for the structure of the Mn derivative). We have shown that the presence of the pyrromellitoyl cap impeded formation of Co capped porphyrin-nitrogenous base diadducts, even when a very strong thermodynamic driving force for formation of a hexacoordinate metal center was present6.
Ureteral obstruction as a complication of renal transplantation: a review.

Ureteral obstruction in a renal allograft, due to a variety of etiologies, is both a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic disorder. Since ureteral obstruction in a renal transplant recipient usually presents as azotemia, it must also be distinguished from acute rejection. Although ultrasound is non-invasive and readily available, the most definitive diagnostic tool is percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement with antegrade nephrostogram. A variety of therapeutic approaches are available to treat ureteral obstruction in a renal allograft. These procedures can be open (e.g., repeat ureteroneocystotomy) or utilize an endourological approach (e.g., transluminal ureteral dilatation). From an experimental standpoint, recent data in rodent models of experimental hydronephrosis demonstrate similar pathobiologic events in both the obstructed kidney and an allograft undergoing the chronic rejection process. To this end, investigation needs to be conducted to assess whether partial, unrecognized ureteral obstruction in an allograft hastens the development of chronic rejection. This would further underscore the importance of ureteral obstruction as a cause for not only acute azotemia in an allograft, but also chronic deterioration in renal transplant function.
The Racial Politics of US Gun Policy

This chapter offers a biopolitical reading of U.S. domestic gun policy, examining gun laws to explore who gains power and profit through them and whose lives, health, and economic outcomes are detrimentally impacted by them. Gailey traces a trail that begins with an under-regulated manufacturing and retail market that enjoys special legal protections from the kinds of civil suits that have historically curtailed the harm of other damaging products, then moves to an under-regulated consumer base that promotes white gun ownership, and ends up in the war in drugs, where guns that originated on the legal market take a disproportionate toll on communities of color and are used to authorize state violence and extend incarceration.
Higher-Dimensional Quantum Hypergraph-Product Codes with Finite Rates.

We describe a family of quantum error-correcting codes which generalize both the quantum hypergraph-product codes by Tillich and Zemor and all families of toric codes on m-dimensional hypercubic lattices. Parameters of the constructed codes, including the minimum distances, are given explicitly in terms of those of binary codes associated with the matrices used in the construction.
SHCOLL - A Standalone Implementation of OpenSHMEM-Style Collectives API

The performance of collective operations has a large impact on overall performance in many HPC applications. Implementing multiple algorithms and selecting optimal one depending on message size and the number of processes involved in the operation is essential to achieve good performance. In this paper, we will present SHCOLL, a collective routines library that was developed on top of OpenSHMEM API point to point operations: puts, gets, atomic memory update, and memory synchronization routines. The library is designed to serve as a plug-in to OpenSHMEM implementations and will be used by the OSSS OpenSHMEM reference implementation to support OpenSHMEM collective operations. In this paper, we describe the algorithms that have been incorporated in the implementation of each OpenSHMEM API collective routine and evaluate them on a Cray XC30 system. For long messages, SHCOLL shows an improvement by up to a factor of 12 compared to the vendor’s implementation. We also discuss future development of the library, as well as how it will be incorporated into the OSSS OpenSHMEM reference implementation.
'Taking' Medical Care from Hospitals

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA ), enacted in 1986, requires Medicare-contracting hospitals with emergency rooms (ERs) to screen and stabilize anyone presenting for emergency care, regardless of ability to pay. The law has played a pivotal and peculiar role in American health care as the only assured access to care for millions of people. This article argues that EMTALA violates the 5th Amendment's Takings Clause any time it mandates care (property transfers) for which no compensation is given, and that EMTALA is likely an unconstitutional condition placed on Medicare-contracting hospitals.
Fishy Business: Red Snapper Mislabeling along the Coastline of the Southeastern United States

Seafood mislabeling is a widely documented problem that has significant implications for human and environmental health. Defined as when seafood is sold under something other than its true species name, seafood fraud allows less-desired or illegally-caught species to be marketed as one recognizable to consumers. Red snapper is one of the most frequently mislabeled species, with previous studies showing mislabeling rates as high as 77%. We assessed whether red snapper mislabeling rates varied among states or vendor type. We also determined the stock status of substituted species to assess whether frequently substituted stocks were more or less at-risk than red snapper stocks. We used standard DNA barcoding protocols to determine the identity of products labeled as “red snapper” from sushi restaurants, seafood markets, and grocery stores in the Southeastern United States. Overall, 72.6% of samples (out of 62) were mislabeled, with sushi restaurants mislabeling samples 100% of the time. Out of 13 substituted species (including samples that were indistinguishable between two species), seven (53.8%) were not native to the U.S. Of the ten substituted species assessed by the IUCN red list, nine (90%) were listed as less threatened than red snapper. These results contribute to a growing body of mislabeling research that can be used by government agencies trying to develop effective policy to combat seafood fraud and consumers attempting to avoid mislabeled products.
Primo Levi’s Last Lesson: A Reading of The Drowned and the Saved

This essay considers how Primo Levi sought to preserve the memory of the Holocaust in a coming world without witnesses. To do so, I focus specifically on how Levi addresses his young readers in his last work, The Drowned and the Saved. I argue that Levi presents a new kind of Holocaust education in his last work, one that asks young readers to identify not with the figure of the victim, but rather, with the figure of the collaborator. Doing so, I suggest, encourages his readers to undertake a reflective understanding of their own potential for evil. In this way, Levi attempts to help readers, especially a younger generation of readers, cultivate an active and moral relationship to the events of the Holocaust as the survivor generation ages and dies, taking their testimony with them.
Effects of Post-Fire Management on Dead Woody Fuel Dynamics and Stand Structure in a Severely Burned Mixed-Conifer Forest, in Northeastern Washington State, USA

Abstract The increasing amount of high-severity wildfire in historical low and mixed-severity fire regimes in western US forests has created a need to better understand the ecological effects of different post fire management approaches. For three different salvage prescriptions, we quantified change in stand structural metrics (snag densities and snag basal areas), dead woody fuel loadings, tree regeneration survival, and percentage change in vegetation cover before and after post-fire logging 1 year after the 2015 Stickpin Wildfire on the Colville National Forest in northeastern Washington State, USA. In a generalized randomized block design three salvage logging prescriptions were randomly assigned within each block: no treatment control (C); standard salvage retention (SSR; thin to 3.4 m2/ha basal area); and mimic green tree thinning (GTR; thin to 10.3 m2/ha basal area). SSR reduced average snag basal area 73–83% to 4.1–8.8 m2/ha (68–674 trees ha−1). GTR reduced average snag (standing dead trees) basal area 41–71% to 6.5–15.9 m2/ha (90–794 trees ha−1). There were mixed results for the change in dead woody fuel loadings depending on fuel size class. In general, fine (FWD) and coarse woody (CWD) debris tended to increase immediately post-treatment in logged areas relative to the controls but did not exceed management loading threshold for providing acceptable risk of fire hazard. Treated stands had a significant increase in FWD relative to controls, including the individual 1-, 10-, and 100-hr fuel size classes. The treatment effect differed by experimental block. The 1000-hr sound class did not have a significant treatment effect. Changes in surface fuel loading were inconsequential to modeled wildfire behavior metrics (rate-of-spread, flame lengths). The Fire and Fuels Extension to Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS) modeling projected CWD accumulation in the controls exceeded total accumulation in both treatments. Future fuel loadings may affect reburn severity as our simulated wildfire 20 years after harvesting caused significant mortality (89%) to regenerating forest. Almost all blocks showed a decrease in seedling counts pre and post-logging, including the control plots. This study provides empirical data on the effects of different post-fire management strategies that can inform environmental analyses for future post-fire management decision and address social concerns associated with this often-controversial practice (Roccaforte et al., 2012).
Impact of feed system augering on physical segregation of pelleted feed throughout an entire commercial broiler house

Summary Research using a commercial broiler house demonstrated physical/nutrient feed segregation as feed varying in percent pellets (PP) and manufacturing technique was augered throughout a feed line (FL); these factors impacted bird performance and uniformity. The current objective was to investigate feed flow and segregation of pellets and fines as a bin of feed is augered throughout a commercial feed system. Over 1.5 wk, feed manufactured at a commercial mill was delivered (n = 4) to an empty feed bin at a commercial broiler house; feeds averaged 84 PP. Within the house, there were 6 FL (feft and right for each front, middle, and back line) and on each FL, 3 feed pan locations (0, 25, and 50 m) from which samples were obtained. Augering time (AT; n = 9; 56 h) was represented by the 6.5-h period between sampling. A FL × feed pan location interaction demonstrated PP at 0 m was higher for the entire right FL; at 25 m, PP increased for all FL except for back FL; at 50 m, all PP decreased, with feed pan locations at right front and back FL decreasing by the greatest magnitude. For AT, there were slight fluctuations in PP from AT 1–7 and a stepwise increase occurred from AT 7–9; PP was highest at AT 9. Data demonstrate that PP can be affected by AT because of feed segregation within the feed bin. In addition, beginning PP and mechanical equipment variations among FL may have affected pellet attrition and ultimately physical segregation of feed.
Role of strengthening during nonoperative treatment of lateral epicondyle tendinopathy

Abstract Introduction Lateral epicondyle tendinopathy (LET) is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain. The literature on rehabilitation of the condition encompasses a plethora of interventions with most current evidence indicating that stretches and some form of strengthening are vital components. However, patient outcomes are infrequently reported further than 12 weeks from the start of therapy and it is unclear which components of a home exercise program are necessary to alleviate symptoms up to one year from the initiation of a therapy program. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to determine if a therapy program with 4 to 6 visits spaced out over 12 weeks focusing on self-management and strengthening is more effective in reducing pain and improving function long term than the same program without strengthening, for individuals with LET. Study Design This is a randomized controlled trial. Methods Ninety-four patients were randomly allocated into two groups: both groups received the interventions of education in pertinent pathoanatomy, stretching, pain management through rest and icing, and activity modification. Group 1 (n = 38) was also provided with a strengthening component to the home exercise program, whereas group 2 did not (n = 21). Our primary outcome measure was pain at rest and pain with activity; our secondary measure was the level of functional impairment as measured by the quick disabilities of arm shoulder and hand. Outcome measurements were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after initiation of therapy. Results Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement with a moderate to large effect size in pain and function scores when compared with previous time point at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Pain continued to decrease for both groups from 24 weeks to 52 weeks, but interestingly, there was a significant increase with moderate effect size in the quick disabilities of arm shoulder and hand score at 52 weeks when compared with week 24. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups at any time point up to 52 weeks from the start of therapy. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a therapy program consisting of a low number of visits spaced out over 12 weeks based on education, stretches, activity modification, and pain management techniques is effective at reducing pain and increasing function in patients with LET. The addition of strengthening to this program did not improve outcomes. The therapy approach used in this study is consistent with the International Classification of Function guidelines and focuses on engaging patients in self-management of the condition through patient education and self-empowerment.
Human Placental Vasculature Imaging Using Long Ensemble Angular-coherence-based Doppler

Human placental vasculature imaging holds the potential for aiding the scientific investigation on human placental development and enabling early preeclampsia diagnosis. However, the slow flow and small vessels in the placenta require highly sensitive detection techniques. Coherent flow power Doppler (CFPD) shows high sensitivity in hepatic vessel detection. However, for small vessel applications where long ensemble lengths are essential, CFPD is not suitable because its computational cost and data load are prohibitively high. We have recently proven the equivalence of angular coherence of ultrasound to the spatial coherence, and produced B-mode images using a short-lag angular coherence (SLAC) beamformer, which operates on beamsummed data and can be integrated to clinical scanners with far less computational resources. Here we propose and demonstrate the long ensemble angular-coherence-based Doppler(LEAD) imaging technique. Compared to the CFPD technique, LEAD reduces the data load by a factor of 10–15 and the computation intensity by a factor 100–200, and thus enables the detection of small vessels from the angular coherence of the flow signals acquired using long ensemble length Doppler sequences. The LEAD technique is demonstrated in an in vivo human placental vasculature imaging study. Compared with conventional power Doppler (PD) imaging, LEAD improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 4–8 dB, which is on par with CFPD. The improvement of SNR translates to reduction of background noise and revelation of the small vessels in human placenta in vivo.
Parallel Scaling of the Regionally-Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin Method with Quasi-Quadrature-Free Matrix Assembly.

In this work we investigate the parallel scalability of the numerical method developed in Guthrey and Rossmanith [The regionally implicit discontinuous Galerkin method: Improving the stability of DG-FEM, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. (2019)]. We develop an implementation of the regionally-implicit discontinuous Galerkin (RIDG) method in DoGPack, which is an open source C++ software package for discontinuous Galerkin methods. Specifically, we develop and test a hybrid OpenMP and MPI parallelized implementation of DoGPack with the goal of exploring the efficiency and scalability of RIDG in comparison to the popular strong stability-preserving Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (SSP-RKDG) method. We demonstrate that RIDG methods are able to hide communication latency associated with distributed memory parallelism, due to the fact that almost all of the work involved in the method is highly localized to each element, producing a localized prediction for each region. We demonstrate the enhanced efficiency and scalability of the of the RIDG method and compare it to SSP-RKDG methods and show extensibility to very high order schemes. The two-dimensional scaling study is performed on machines at the Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, using up to 1440 total cores on Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6148 CPU @ 2.40GHz CPUs. The three dimensional scaling study is performed on Livermore Computing clusters at at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, using up to 28672 total cores on Intel Xeon CLX-8276L CPUs with Omni-Path interconnects.
Parsing Sage and Rosemary in Time: The Machine Learning Race to Crack Olfactory Perception

Color and pitch perception are largely understandable from characteristics of physical stimuli: the wavelengths of light and sound waves, respectively. By contrast, understanding olfactory percepts from odorous stimuli (volatile molecules) is much more challenging. No intuitive set of molecular features is up to the task. Here in Chemical Senses, the Ray lab reports using a predictive modeling framework-first breaking molecular structure into thousands of features and then using this to train a predictive statistical model on a wide range of perceptual descriptors-to create a tool for predicting the odor character of hundreds of thousands of available but previously uncharacterized molecules (Kowalewski et al. 2021). This will allow future investigators to representatively sample the space of odorous molecules as well as identify previously unknown odorants with a target odor character. Here, I put this work into the context of other modeling efforts and highlight the urgent need for large new datasets and transparent benchmarks for the field to make and evaluate modeling breakthroughs, respectively.
Understanding Social Justice Through Practitioners’ Language: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Interviews with Practitioners from Libraries and Their Community Partners

Researchers have recognized that aspects of social justice are present in library efforts by acknowledging the importance of using library programs and services to promote social justice and the significance of social justice for the LIS field. However, while public libraries have indicated a strong interest in reaching underserved communities, they may not yet possess a thorough understanding of various aspects of social justice, especially the concepts of equity, engagement, and empowerment, despite the increasing focus on social justice’s centrality in the library science field. This work-in-progress study presents a grounded theory analysis of twenty semi-structured interviews that were conducted as part of an existing study with library staff and their community partners (staff who work at organizations with which the libraries partner to offer outreach programs in the community). The analysis explores and unpacks practitioners’ language to demonstrate a complex, multifaceted portrait of how these practitioners describe equity, engagement, and empowerment. These practitioners express both broad and individual approaches to this social justice work in an effort to offer equal treatment to the whole community while also recognizing individual barriers. Moreover, they underscore the importance of a role for the community to play in achieving their own goals and strengthening connections between community members and institutions. This analysis yields a critical semantic foundation of social justice concepts, situated in practitioner understanding and prior research in social justice.
Young Adolescents’ Endorsement of Restrictive Gender Norms: Evidence From a Community-Based Intervention in Côte d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone:

This study investigated attitudes toward restrictive gender norms among adolescents in Cote d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone (pooled N = 1,793, Mage(baseline) = 10.3, Mage(follow-up) = 11.6, 50% boys/girl...