cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of electric fields on the photodetachment cross section of the H- ion near threshold.

A study is presented of the photodetachment cross section of the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion near the one-electron threshold in electric fields ranging from approximately 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$ up to 2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ a.u. The lowest-field data, nominally at zero field, are consistent with the Wigner threshold law for p-wave processes. At larger field values, photodetachment using \ensuremath{\sigma}-polarized laser light displays the expected lowering of apparent threshold and evidence of tunneling. Using \ensuremath{\pi}-polarized light, the same features are seen with the additional feature of oscillations superimposed on the cross section. Three complementary explanations are presented for the oscillations.
Thoracic hyperkyphosis in the young athlete: A review of the biomechanical issues

Can intense athletic training cause progression of a thoracic hyperkyphosis in the immature athlete? The lack of prospective, controlled trials addressing this issue precludes a definitive answer. Hyperkyphosis is defined radiographically as a thoracic kyphosis exceeding 55° in 10- to 20-year-olds, and 65° using back surface measurements. In this paper we review the biomechanical scenarios that could lead to an increase in kyphosis in the immature athlete via excessive mechanical loading. These include fall-related impacts, rapid acceleration/ deceleration of heavy weights, and maximum effort trunk extensor muscle lengthening contractions. Research is needed on whether the number and magnitude of vertebral loading cycles, the recovery interval between loading cycles, and the frequency of training affect apophyseal growth during periods of rapid growth of the apical vertebrae in a hyperkyphotic spine.
The disability index analysis system via an ergonomics, expert systems, and multiple attribute decision-making process

Abstract Through rehabilitation and training, visually impaired people can be placed in types of jobs that are compatible with their abilities. A functional assessment approach should be established to measure the physical ability of handicapped people in response to specific tasks and environmental demands. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated computerized system, entitled VITAL (Vision Impaired Task and Assignment Lexicon), to measure the vision impaired worker's residual capabilities and to provide the necessary recommendations for job accommodations. VITAL includes two major modules: the disability index, and the ergonomics consultation module. A single measure, the Disability Index (DI), which represents capacities of vision impaired individuals through a range of skill tests is developed via Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) procedures. The resulting DI can be used in identifying the functional deficits and limitations of the visually impaired worker, and matching the visually impaired people to appropriate employment. This information is also used in the ergonomic consultation module to provide recommendations regarding job and workplace design for the vision impaired worker.
The Role of Sketch Finish and Style in User Responses to Early Stage Design Concepts

Conceptual sketches of design alternatives are often employed as a tool for eliciting feedback from design stakeholders, including potential end-users. However, such sketches can vary widely in their level of finish and style, thus potentially affecting how users respond to a concept. This paper presents a study of user responses to three objects drawn in styles ranging from rough hand sketches to CAD drawings. This study also considers the amount of design time required to create the sketches. Results show that respondents generally ranked realistic, “clean” hand sketches the highest over other types of sketches, particularly “rough” sketches. These types of sketches took longer than other types of hand sketches to create, but were still much faster than CAD renderings. Results also suggest that the complexity and familiarity of an object can influence how users respond to a sketch.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Thirteen new Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from northern Burma

Thirteen new species of Panorpidae are described from the collection by Dr Rene Malaise in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm. These are Neopanorpa malaisei, N. clavata, N. echinodes, N. fimbriata, N. pennyi, N. obscura and N. abdita (all in the malaisei species group), N. vittata, N. terminata, N. liguifascia, N. breviramus, N. similis, and Panorpa malaisei. Taxonomically useful details are illustrated, and a key is provided.
The Artificial Intelligence Development Axioms (A.I.D.A.)

Within this paper is a set of critical new developmental principles concerning the inevitable historical evolution of the faculties of artificial intelligence, as well as the humans manipulating their capabilities. The results may be referred to as axioms as they are contingent on irreducible mathematical models which map the capacities of said artificial intelligence, and the game theoretic considerations of the optimal decision-making of their sentient counterparts. The paper is divided into four primary sections, covering the four primary principles of A.I.D.A., with additional preliminary and concluding sections. It is to be stressed that these are inevitable principles of artificial intelligence development, not merely hypothetical considerations, and this fact emphasizes the importance of their acknowledgment and dissemination within the scope of current academia and scholastic discourse. This paper, and the development of artificial intelligence research, is indebted to the work of many great minds in the century past; however the most prominent figure in whose name this work is dedicated, is the great Hungarian-American mathematician and technologist, John Von Neumann, who first coined the term “technological singularity”, of which this work is the precise elaboration.
Chemical processing of glasses

applications is frequently Edisonian in nature. In part, this is because the numerous variables that must be optimized toobtain a given material with a specific shape and particular properties cannot be readily defined based on fundamentalprinciples. In part, the problems arise because the basic chemistry of common chemical processing systems has not been
A Study of Tradeoffs in Scheduling Terminal-Area Operations

The terminal area surrounding an airport is an important component of the air transportation system, and efficient terminal-area schedules are essential for accommodating the projected increase in air traffic demand. Aircraft arrival schedules are subject to a variety of operational constraints, such as minimum separation for safety, required arrival time-windows, limited deviation from a first-come first-served sequence, and precedence constraints. There is also a range of objectives associated with multiple stakeholders that could be optimized in these schedules; the associated tradeoffs are evaluated in this paper. A dynamic programming algorithm for determining the minimum cost arrival schedule, given aircraft-dependent delay costs, is presented. The proposed approach makes it possible to determine various tradeoffs in terminal-area operations. A comparison of maximum throughput and minimum average delay schedules shows that the benefit from maximizing throughput could be at the expense of an increase in average delay, and that minimizing delay is the more advantageous of the two objectives in most cases. A comprehensive analysis of the tradeoffs between throughput and fuel costs and throughput and operating costs is conducted, accounting for both the cost of delay (as reported by the airlines) and the cost of speeding up when possible (from models of aircraft performance).
Muscle specific traits display differential sensitivity to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine.

Abstract The effects of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) at low dosages on the differentiation of five muscle-specific traits during in vitro chick skeletal myogenesis have been examined. Cultures initiated and maintained in 0.2–80 μM BrdUrd for 5 days exhibited differential trait inhibition in the following order of decreasing sensitivity: myoblast fusion, MM-creatine kinase (MM-CK), acetylcholine receptor (AChR), lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Muscle-specific isozymes MM-CK and LDH-5, which display markedly different sensitivities, are specifically affected by the drug. Radioautographic analysis of AChR suggests that this trait responds to BrdUrd at dosages which partly inhibit mass cultures in graded rather than all-or-none fashion per cell. These results provide additional evidence that fusion is not obligatory for muscle differentiation. The implications of these findings to the mode of gene expression during myogenesis are discussed.
Design of minimum entropy wavelet filters using genetic algorithms

This paper presents a method to design a wavelet-filter that minimizes entropy in the wavelet transform. Filters that minimize entropy in images tend to filter out texture while highlighting features of interest. The design of the wavelet filter is couched as a non-convex optimization problem which is solved using a hybridized Genetic Algorithm. As an example, three distinct filters are tuned to detect horizontal, vertical and blob defects in woven fabrics. The effects of shifting on the optimized set of coefficients is also explored.
Metyrapone test in Cushing's disease.

The urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid response to 2 g of metyrapone given orally at 10 pm was compared with that following the standard test in which 750 mg of metyrapone was given at 4 hourly intervals for 6 doses. Both tests were performed on four occasions in 3 patients with Cushing's disease. Increments in urinary 17- hydroxycorticosteroid excretion during the modified test were 7.0, 7.5, 8.4 and 23.3 mg/day, whereas with the standard test, increments ranged from 29.5 to 56.8 mg/day. The urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid response to the 2 g dose of metyrapone at 10 PM was marginal in 3 of the 4 studies. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion with the modified metyrapone test varied from 10.7 to 44% of that found with the standard test. Since urinary steroid excretion may vary considerably in patients with Cushing's syndrome as was evident in 2 of the 3 patients studied, the data suggest that the modified metyrapone test should not be used in preference to the standard test in evaluating Cushing's sy...
An Upper Boundary Condition Permitting Internal Gravity Wave Radiation in Numerical Mesoscale Models

Abstract A radiative upper boundary condition is proposed for numerical mesoscale models which allows vertically propagating internal gravity waves to pass out of the computational domain with minimal reflection. In this formulation, the pressure along the upper boundary is determined from the Fourier transform of the vertical velocity at that boundary. This boundary condition can easily be incorporated in a wide variety of models and requires little additional computation. The radiation boundary condition is derived from the linear, hydrostatic, Boussinesq equations of motion, neglecting Coriolis effects. However, tests of this radiation boundary condition in the presence of nonhydrostatic, Coriolis, nonlinear and non-Boussinesq effects suggest that it would be effective in many mesoscale modeling applications.
Compensations and contributions under an international carbon treaty

Abstract This paper provides a numerical illustration of how an international carbon treaty might work. The simulations in this paper using 2004 data on carbon emissions and per capita GDP from 178 countries suggest that high-income countries might be much better off collectively compensating low-income countries through an international treaty to help reduce carbon emissions rather than reducing carbon emissions without their help.
Teaching Mathematics in High and Low SES Classrooms: An Empirical Comparison

The purpose of this paper is to compare the relative effectiveness of a common set of instructional behaviors for fourth grade mathematics students across two different SES settings.
RESPONSE TO QUADRIVALENT MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE. • 983

RESPONSE TO QUADRIVALENT MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE. • 983
The subsidization of small business through federal credit programs: Analytical foundations

Abstract The relationship between federal credit programs and the allocation of financial and real capital has begun to attract more attention as such programs have grown. Defenders of these programs argue that various capital market imperfections necessitate federal credit assistance. Examining the relationship between such imperfections, credit programs and the tax system should facilitate a more careful evaluation of the rationales for and the effects of various alternative policy initiatives. This paper analyzes the optimal taxation of small and large businesses when smaller businesses face higher borrowing costs, whatever the cause. The optimal tax scheme derived here implies a progressive tax applied to all businesses. In the absence of such a progressive tax scheme, federal credit programs for smaller businesses that reduce small business borrowing costs may be viewed as an imperfect substitute. Importantly, the results regarding optimal taxation (subsidization) hold even in the absence of particular capital market imperfections and without resorting to social welfare functions weighting small business output greater than large business output.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATI ON

While diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorders (AS D) is clear, misconceptions of AS D create barriers andchallenges for children with AS D and their interaction in the educational environment around them.The social model of disability states people with disabilities are more limited by social constraints than actual impairment (Llewellyn andHogan 2000). In hopes to diminish these social constraints, continued education and progression of programs for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders is essential.When observing the different teaching strategies educators used to assist children with AS D, no one educational strategy was deemedappropriate for use. Findings revealed there were no defined guidelines on how to interact with autistic children and left teachers to use their own teaching methods. Literature reflect a lack of educational strategies for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in an academic setting; at the various grade levels. One of the newer strategies to be investigated is the role of physical activity in children with AS D.Regular physical activity is highly beneficial towards the health of all children with or without disabilities. However, social and behavioralimpairments leave little opportunity for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders to be successful in participating in physical activity; resulting in a possible higher risk of being inactive.Exercise options such as martial arts, swimming and yoga programs have been shown to be successful for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Testing and Debugging Web Applications: An End-User Perspective

People with diverse backgrounds and experiences are using the Internet as a medium to build Web applications. End users are envisioned developing customized Web applications. End users are at a disadvantage because they lack programming expertise and interest in learning the associated technical details. This paper proposes to overcome these barriers by designing tools and mechanisms that help end users test and debug Web applications. A brief description of to validate the proposed mechanisms in the realm of Web application development by end-user programmers is presented
Submitochondrial localization of arginase and other enzymes associated with urea synthesis and nitrogen metabolism, in liver of Squalus acanthias

Abstract 1. 1. The submitochondrial localization of the four mitochondrial enzymes associated with urea synthesis in liver of Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish), a representative elasmobranch, was determined. 2. 2. Glutamine- and acetylglutamate-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, glutamine synthetase, and arginase were all localized within the matrix of liver mitochondria. 3. 3. The subcellular and submitochondrial localization and activities of several related enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism and gluconeogenesis in liver of spiny dogfish are also reported. Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were localized in the mitochondrial matrix. 4. 4. Synthesis of citrulline by isolated mitochondria from ornithine proceeds at a near optimal rate at ornithine concentrations as low as 0.08 mM. The same stoichiometry and rates of citrulline synthesis are observed when ornithine is replaced by arginine. The mitochondrial location of arginase does not appear to reflect a mechanism for regulating ornithine availability.
Growth of Staphylococcus aureus as Related to 17O NMR Water Mobility and Water Activity

17 O NMR data were determined for three solute-BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) mixtures. For each solute, NaCl, raffinose and glycerol, NMR data (linewidths and signal intensity) were determined as well as water activity (a w ), moisture contents, and effects on growth of Staphylococcus aureus in media of various moisture contents. Liquid (highly mobile) water content in all media tested was determined by NMR. This mobile water was important and had a stronger correlation with S. aureus growth rate than did a w or moisture content, although solute effects limited empirical prediction. NMR linewidth also correlated with lag phase.
Location of the 3s12 single particle neutron level in various nuclei

Abstract The 3 s 1 2 neutron levels in nuclei of mass 85–135 ar located by angular distributions of protons from (d, p) reactions on nuclei with even neutron numbers. Where the proton number is even, alomost all of the single particle level is in one nuclear level, and where there is an odd proton of low j , it is in two levels with spin j + 1 2 and j− 1 2 which are separated by about 60 KeV. Both of these cases are in agreement with the simple single particle model with negligible configuration mixing, but where there is an odd proton of large j , the single particle levels has many components, indicating strong configuration mixing. The binding energy of the 3 s 1 2 neutron varies very smoothly from isotope to isotope of the same element, and when corrected for symmetry energy, its variation with A is very smooth. The variation with A decreases about by half when its major shell begins filling, and becomes negligible when ground states of odd-mass nuclei are s 1 2 . This is explained as due to the fact that the levels become partially “hole” states, and since the energy of particle and hole states shift in opposite directions as a function of mass number, the two effecrts tend to cancel. Since, according to pairing theory and experimental observations, all subshells in a major shell begin to fill when the major shell begins to fill, energy shifting og a single particle level decreases rapidly once its major shell begins to fill. The observed shifting is in at least semi-quantitative agreement with the theory. Some difficulties with the Wilkinson theory of the photonuclear giant resonance are pointed out, and strong evidence againts reduced mass efects in excited states of nuclei are presented.
An Activity-Based Costing Method to Support Market-Driven Top-Down Product Family Design

As more and more companies offer product families rather than individual products, the competitive advantage of product platforming is shrinking. In order to compete companies need to link marketing and engineering so that designers are able to make decisions about critical trade-offs between cost and performance. The current methods for market-driven platform designs use traditional product costing where indirect costs are assigned to individual products based on relative production quantities. Because of increasing product diversity and decreasing direct labor costs, the ratio of indirect costs to total cost of products is increasing. A method for use during the design stage of top-down product family design is needed to assign indirect costs to individual products based on the product’s consumption of indirect resources. An activity-based costing method for top-down product family design is presented here. This method allows the designer to model indirect costs as a function of engineering attributes, creating a framework for top-down product platform optimization that provides a more accurate estimation of cost than traditional product costing methods. An illustrative example shows that an activity-based costing model predicts different profitability from a traditional costing system for a number of different motor designs.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Are treatments for vasovagal syncope effective? A meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Therapies used to treat vaso-vagal syncope (VVS) recurrence have not been proven effective in single studies. Methods Comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central databases of published trials was done. Randomized or non-randomized studies, comparing the intervention of interest to control group(s), with the endpoint of spontaneous recurrence or syncope on head-up tilt test, were included. Data were extracted on an intention-to-treat basis. Study heterogeneity was analyzed by Cochran's Q statistics. A random-effect analysis was used. Results α-adrenergic agonists were found effective (n=400, OR 0.19, CI 0.06–0.62, p Conclusions This meta-analysis highlights the totality of evidence for commonly used medications used to treat VVS, and the requirement for larger, double-blind, placebo controlled trials with longer follow-up.
Prediction of binding affinity and efficacy of thyroid hormone receptor ligands using QSAR and structure based modeling methods

Abstract The thyroid hormone receptor (THR) is an important member of the nuclear receptor family that can be activated by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) models have been developed to facilitate the prioritization of THR-mediated EDC for the experimental validation. The largest database of binding affinities available at the time of the study for ligand binding domain (LBD) of THRβ was assembled to generate both continuous and classification QSAR models with an external accuracy of R 2 = 0.55 and CCR = 0.76, respectively. In addition, for the first time a QSAR model was developed to predict binding affinities of antagonists inhibiting the interaction of coactivators with the AF-2 domain of THRβ ( R 2 = 0.70). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for a set of THRβ ligands (57 agonists and 15 antagonists of LBD, 210 antagonists of the AF-2 domain, supplemented by putative decoys/non-binders) using several THRβ structures retrieved from the Protein Data Bank. We found that two agonist-bound THRβ conformations could effectively discriminate their corresponding ligands from presumed non-binders. Moreover, one of the agonist conformations could discriminate agonists from antagonists. Finally, we have conducted virtual screening of a chemical library compiled by the EPA as part of the Tox21 program to identify potential THRβ-mediated EDCs using both QSAR models and docking. We concluded that the library is unlikely to have any EDC that would bind to the THRβ. Models developed in this study can be employed either to identify environmental chemicals interacting with the THR or, conversely, to eliminate the THR-mediated mechanism of action for chemicals of concern.
Transient stability and performance based on nonlinear power flow control design of wind turbines

In this paper,1 the equations are formulated to model the dynamic behavior of a wind turbine coupled to the electric grid through a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). This concept is demonstrated in order to treat wind plants more as a controllable energy source rather than a negative load, which is the current trend among renewable energy systems. The results of this research include the determination of the required performance of a proposed Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)/storage device, such as a UPFC, to enable the maximum power output of a wind turbine while meeting the constraints of the bulk electric system. The UPFC is required to operate as both a generator and load (energy storage) on the power system in this design. An illustrative example demonstrates this concept applied to a UPFC with a 1MW fixed speed wind turbine. The wind turbine is operated with multiple wind profiles for below-rated wind power conditions. The wind turbine is connected in series through a UPFC to the infinite bus. Numerical simulation cases are reviewed that best demonstrate the stability and performance of a UPFC as applied to a renewable energy system.
Analysis of high-frequency thermal phenomena with a commercial imaging radiometer

We have developed a system which allows repetitive thermal events at frequencies as high as 2 kHz to be imaged without aliasing. A prototype unit, consisting of an unmodified scanning imaging radiometer (Inframetrics IR-600) , a PC-AT compatible microcomputer, and specially developed interface hardware and software, has been built and tested. The system functions as a video lock-in amplifier in that temperature components of the scene which vary at a preselected frequency are amplified, while other frequency components of the target temperature average out over time. Several applications of the system are discussed, including applications to engine research, nondestructive evaluation of materials, and feature extraction in high clutter environments. The tradeoffs between temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and image acquisition time are also examined.
Brain pathways of the chromatophore system in the squidLolliguncula brevis

Brain pathways controlling the chromatophores of the squidLolliguncula brevis are described using cobalt iontophoresis. The results show several input and output pathways of the anterior and posterior chromatophore and lateral basal lobes. These connections allow coordination and modification of the chromatophore motor program throughout the motor pathway. Unlike other cephalopod species, there seems to be no direct input from the optic lobes to the lateral basal lobes inL. brevis. This species displays only a few simple patterns; therefore the underlying neural pathways for chromatophore control may be different from those of other cephalopods with more extensive patterning repertoires.
Radar Reconnaissance of Near-Earth-Objects at the Dawn of the Next Millennium

: Radar, the most powerful ground-based technique for postdiscovery investigation of NEOs (near-Earth objects), can contribute a great deal to their exploration as well as to identification and mitigation of hazardous objects. My intentions in this article are to review the current state of NEO radar reconnaissance, examine the imminent prospects for this work as upgraded instrumentation becomes available, and propose construction of a next-generation radar telescope that, unlike any existing radar instrument, would be optimized for, and dedicated to, NEO radar.
An introduction to sociolinguistics

An introduction to sociolinguistics, 5th ed., by Ronald Wardhaugh, Oxford and Boston, Blackwell, 2006, viii + 418 pp., £23.99/$46.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-4051-3559-7 Wardhaugh's textbook provide...
The Career Development Quarterly: A 22‐Year Publication Pattern Metastudy

Patterns of articles published in The Career Development Quarterly (CDQ) from 1990 to 2011 were reviewed in this metastudy. Author characteristics (e.g., gender, employment setting, nation of domicile) and article characteristics (e.g., topic, type, design, sample, sample size, participant type, statistical procedures and sophistication) were described and analyzed for trends over time. Significant changes were noted in increased proportions of female authors, international contributors, research articles, more sophisticated research designs, and decreased numbers of practitioner-authors. These trends highlight a robust journal that continues to evolve to address changing career development and counseling challenges.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Serotype f

Haemophilus influenzae is a rare cause of soft tissue infection. In this report, we present a case of multifocal necrotizing fasciitis in a healthy adult patient, secondary to Haemophilus influenzae serotype f infection, and we review literature on this rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis.
Are gram-negative bacteria a contraindication to selective preservation of infected prosthetic arterial grafts?

Abstract Management of infected prosthetic arterial grafts has traditionally included total graft excision especially when gram-negative bacteria were cultured. Between 1973 and 1991 we treated 42 patients with infected prosthetic grafts (33 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 9 Dacron) by complete graft preservation when the graft was patent, the anastomoses were intact, and the patient did not have sepsis. The infection involved the anastomosis (36 cases) or the body (6 cases) of 33 peripheral grafts and the distal segment of five aortofemoral and four iliac-distal grafts. Cultures of the 42 infected grafts grew gram-positive bacteria in 33 cases and gram-negative bacteria in 22 cases. Treatment adjuncts included repeated, radical operative wound debridement and rarely (7 of 42) rotational muscle flaps. This management resulted in a 10% (4 of 42) hospital mortality rate and an amputation rate in survivors of 3% (1 of 38 threatened limbs). All four deaths were due to sepsis: gram-positive bacteria were cultured in all cases and gram-negative bacteria in two cases. Of the 38 survivors, 29 (76%) wounds healed and remained healed after average follow-up of 3 years (range, 1 to 18 years). Nine other patients required total graft excision for nonhealing wounds (7 cases) or delayed anastomotic hemorrhage (2 cases). Gram-negative bacteria were cultured in four, and gram-positive bacteria were cultured in six of these nine wounds. Four of nine (44%) graft infections that cultured Pseudomonas organisms healed without complications versus 23 of 33 (70%) wounds that cultured gram-positive bacteria, and 12 of 13 (92%) wounds that cultured gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas organisms. Selected use of complete graft preservation is proposed as a safer, easier method for managing prosthetic graft infections caused by gram-positive bacteria or gram-negative bacteria with the notable exception of Pseudomonas infections. The latter infections should be treated by graft excision except when there is inadequate inflow or outflow for secondary revascularization or when graft excision is particularly hazardous and likely to result in major amputation or death. (J Vasc Surg 1992;16:337–46.)
Pony II Robot: Inertially Actuated Baton With Double-Action Pendulums

In this paper, we present a robotic locomotor with inertia-based actuation. The goal of this system is to generate various gait modes of a baton, consisting of two masses connected with a massless rod. First, a model for a baton prototype called Pony II is presented. This model incorporates the double-action inertial actuation generated by two rotating pendulums, spinning at constant angular velocities in opposite directions. This system allows regulation of the inertial forces generated by the spinning masses. In addition, it provides control over the orientation of the resultant inertial force. Numerical simulations of four stable gaits are presented: dragging, tapping, galloping, and hopping. We also developed an experimental prototype, called Pony II, consisting of the double-action actuators. The robot successfully generates all the simulated gaits. In addition, we show that the robot is capable of generating progression on low friction surfaces.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Towards Building a Social Computing Tool for Social Scientists

This paper presents a social computing tool that centers around social scientists. In the past years, we have worked with social scientists and cultural anthropologists. We learned their ways of studying subjects in social media, what their needs are, and their interests. In the process, we have built a generic platform for collecting data in the blogosphere, tracking blogs of particular interests, and facilitating comparative data analysis. We report our progress in building and expanding this social-scientist-centered social computing tool. We show how we are inspired by the research of social scientists in our effort to build the platform - BlogTrackers, which can help identify key topics of discussion, identify influential bloggers, track topics over time, and search blogs. These features can help social scientists to quickly analyze both blogs and bloggers at a scale, which is otherwise impossible through manual investigation.
The limits of a wish.

When it was obvious that the family refused to file a petition on its own, the hospital filed papers with the Fourth Judicial District Court, Hennepin County, on 8 February 1991. The costs of Mrs. Wanglie's care are reimbursed by Medicare and Physicians' Health Plan, a private supplementary insurance plan. By the time this case was first heard in court on 28 May the costs for both hospitalizations (at HCMC) were approximately $800,000. The principal parties do not dispute most of the medical facts. The family accepts the diagnosis of persistent vegetative state and respirator dependence. The hospital is willing to let Mrs. Wanglie's family transfer her to another facility where she would continue to receive vigorous treatment, including respirator support. Both the hospital and the Wanglie family have made determined efforts to find another physician or health care facility in Minnesota willing to take Mrs. Wanglie in transfer. These efforts have, thus far, been unsuccessful, though other providers would be willing to care for her were she not respirator dependent. The hospital is seeking appointment of a conservator to represent the patient to decide whether continued treatment is appropriate. It is not directly requesting the court to discontinue treatment immediately over the objections of the family. In seeking court involvement, the hospital and its ethics committee are aware that there has never before been a case in the United States of a
Charging facility planning for Electric Vehicles

With the fast development and growth of Electric Vehicles (EV) in use, finding optimal locations for charging facilities became a critical issue since growth of EVs heavily depends on the availability of public charging facilities. Several researches have been done related to this topic considering optimal locations of charging stations on road networks. In this paper, we extend the problem by also taking into account optimal locations of charging pads which uses inductive charging technology. Flow Refueling Location Model (FRLM) was proposed to maximize the refueled traffic flow by allocating a fixed number of facilities, e.g., gas stations. This paper extends FRLM to consider both charging station and charging pad allocation to maximize the recharged EV flow. Evaluation on a sample network shows that deploying charging pads on road network enables us to capture more traffic flow than locating charging stations only. Charging pad deployment also significantly shortens the charging time spent by EV drivers.
Coupling into the Base Pair Stack Is Necessary for DNA-Mediated Electrochemistry

The electrochemistry of DNA films modified with different redox probes linked to DNA through saturated and conjugated tethers was investigated. Experiments feature two redox probes bound to DNA on two surfaces: anthraquinone (AQ)-modified uridines incorporated into thiolated DNA on gold (Au) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-modified uridines in pyrene-labeled DNA on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The electrochemistry of these labels when incorporated into DNA has been examined in DNA films containing both well matched and mismatched DNA. DNA-mediated electrochemistry is found to be effective for the TEMPO probe linked with an acetylene linker but not for a saturated TEMPO connected through an ethylenediamine linker. For the AQ probe, DNA-mediated electrochemistry is found with an acetylene linker to uridine but not with an alkyl chain to the 5‘ terminus of the oligonucleotide. Large electrochemical signals and effective discrimination of intervening base mismatches are achieve...
Copper-Promoted ZnO/SiO2 Regenerable Sorbents for the Room Temperature Removal of H2S from Reformate Gas Streams

The Cu−ZnO/SiO2 sorbent for ultradeep adsorptive removal of H2S from the reformate streams at room temperature was prepared and tested, and characterization of the active sites was performed. The Cu dopant significantly enhances desulfurization capacity of ZnO/SiO2 sorbent at room temperature (up to 92% utilization of ZnO), and the sorbent maintains a high sulfur uptake capacity upon multiple cycles (up to 10) of regeneration by a simple thermal oxidation in air. The “as-prepared” (“calcined”) sorbent contains Cu in the Cu2+ form, O, Si, and Zn as ZnO, while the “spent” (“sulfided”) sorbent contains Cu, O, Si, S, and Zn as the ZnS form, as found by XPS. XRD suggests that both zinc and copper compounds of the Cu−ZnO/SiO2 sorbent are nanodispersed. ESR spectroscopy found that the “calcined” and “sulfided” Cu−ZnO/SiO2 sorbents contain Cu2+ in the single dispersion and coordination state. During H2S adsorption, partial reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ occurs: the higher Cu concentration in the sorbent, the lower the ...
Effect of levalbuterol on exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels in asthmatic subjects

Abstract Rationale Elevations of exhaled NO have been reported in patients with asthma. Laboratory studies suggest that levalbuterol possesses anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of levalbuterol versus placebo on exhaled NO levels in subjects with asthma. Methods A total of 42 adults, aged 18 to 37 years were enrolled in this parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-eight (67%) were female and 10 (24%) were African American. All subjects had a history of asthma and an FEV1 ≥60% at enrollment. Subjects received either nebulized placebo or levalbuterol 1.25 mg q 8 hours during a 2 week treatment period. Exhaled NO levels were measured at the end of 2 week run-in, 2 week treatment, and 2 week wash-out periods (sessions 2, 3 and 4, respectively). Results The majority of subjects had mild asthma and were not treated with inhaled corticosteroids. There were no significant effects of either treatment on NO levels at any of the sessions. Mean (± STD) levels for sessions 2, 3, and 4 were 1.40 ± 0.37, 1.34 ± 0.40, and 1.30 ± 0.38 for the active group, and 1.30 ± 0.25, 1.33 ± 0.26, 1.26 ± 0.18 for the placebo group. Conclusions These results do not support a role for levalbuterol in reducing exhaled NO levels in subjects with mild asthma. Future studies should explore the effect of this agent on NO levels and other markers of inflammation in subjects with more severe disease.
The Sagittarius impact as an architect of spirality and outer rings in the Milky Way

Since its discovery more than a decade ago, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr), a satellite galaxy of our own Milky Way, has been recognized as a local analogue to the numerous mergers thought to be common in galaxies throughout the Universe. Traditionally, Sgr has been treated as a negligible perturber to the Galactic disk. New simulations of the response of the Milky Way to the infall of the Sgr reveal that, on the contrary, Sgr has played an important part in shaping the disk morphology. Past impacts have triggered the formation of spiral structure and influenced bar evolution. Like many galaxies of its size, the Milky Way is a disk with prominent spiral arms rooted in a central bar1, although our knowledge of its structure and origin is incomplete. Traditional attempts to understand our Galaxy’s morphology assume that it has been unperturbed by major external forces. Here we report simulations of the response of the Milky Way to the infall of the Sagittarius2 dwarf galaxy (Sgr), which results in the formation of spiral arms, influences the central bar and produces a flared outer disk. Two ring-like wrappings emerge towards the Galactic anti-Centre in our model that are reminiscent of the low-latitude arcs observed in the same area of the Milky Way. Previous models have focused on Sgr itself3,4 to reproduce the dwarf’s orbital history and place associated constraints on the shape of the Milky Way gravitational potential, treating the Sgr impact event as a trivial influence on the Galactic disk. Our results show that the Milky Way’s morphology is not purely secular in origin and that low-mass minor mergers predicted to be common throughout the Universe5 probably have a similarly important role in shaping galactic structure.
Steady-State Solutions of the Euler Equations in Two Dimensions: Rotating and Translating V-States with Limiting Cases. I. Numerical Algorithms and Results,

New second- and third-order algorithms are presented for calculating translating and rotating steady-state solutions of the 2D incompressible Euler equations (which we call V-states). These are piecewise constant regions of vorticity and the contours bounding them are obtained by solving iteratively a nonlinear integro-differential equation. New limiting contours with corners are obtained and compared with local analytical solutions. The precise results correct mistakes for limiting contours that were previously given.
Understanding Firms' Corporate Social Activity Choice Decisions: A Conceptual Framework

It has been long observed that firms make choices among corporate social activities. However there is limited research that shows how firms make those choice decisions and what factors determine the outcome. This paper intends to help fill the gap. Based on the insights from the literature review, the authors suggest a conceptual framework that identifies the factors that would drive a firm’s corporate social activity choice. From these factors the authors advance research propositions that discuss the potential relationships with corporate social activity choice decisions, suggest methods and provide a questionnaire that could be a useful tool for further research. Further research can focus on the empirical validation of the suggested research framework and testing the propositions in the off-shoring/outsourcing context.
Pressure-Based Multidimensional Upwind Residual Distributive Scheme for All-Speed Flow Simulations.

An all-speed pressure-based multidimensional upwind residual distributive algorithm is proposed, for solution of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations. This is a compact stencil algorithm which provides both high order of accuracy and robust convergence for practically all Mach regimes. Sample results are given to show the advantages of this new scheme.
Determination of Electronic Warfare Receiver's Instantaneous Dynamic Range Using Music Method

The purpose of this paper is to find the limit of instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) for electronic warfare (EW) receivers with two-signal detection capability. In order to make the limit independent of the order of music method, very high order is used. Two signal detection criterions are used. One criterion is through the eigenvalue distribution. The other is through the frequency identification using the music spectral analysis. General behavior of IDR vs. frequency shows a small IDR at small frequency separation and that IDR reaches a saturation value at some frequency separation. This is the expected result. In order to apply to practical EW receiver design, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with various numbers of bits are used to calculate the IDR. The calculated results for ADC with different number of bits are curve fitted to represent the IDR vs. frequency separation. These curves can be used as the limit for digital EW receiver designs.
A case for intelligent RAM

Two trends call into question the current practice of fabricating microprocessors and DRAMs as different chips on different fabrication lines. The gap between processor and DRAM speed is growing at 50% per year; and the size and organization of memory on a single DRAM chip is becoming awkward to use, yet size is growing at 60% per year. Intelligent RAM, or IRAM, merges processing and memory into a single chip to lower memory latency, increase memory bandwidth, and improve energy efficiency. It also allows more flexible selection of memory size and organization, and promises savings in board area. This article reviews the state of microprocessors and DRAMs today, explores some of the opportunities and challenges for IRAMs, and finally estimates performance and energy efficiency of three IRAM designs.
Dielectric Spectroscopy of Honeydew Melons for Quality Sensing

Permittivities of tissue samples from 38 melons were measured at 25 degC over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz along with refractometer determinations of soluble solids content (SSC), and tissue density and moisture content. A high correlation (r = 0.96) was found between SSC and the permittivity as expressed in a complex-plane plot of the two components of the relative complex permittivity, each divided by SSC. Through this mathematical relationship, SSC can be calculated from measured permittivity values independent of tissue density, moisture content, and most likely independent of temperature as well
Apolipoprotein E: Paradoxes Abound

Apolipoprotein E was so dubbed two decades ago when apolipoproteins were being named in alphabetical sequence as their properties were detailed (apo E was first characterized as the “arginine-rich” peptide). Subsequently its properties have been virtually completely described1,2: it is a peptide composed of 299 amino acids with a molecular weight of 34,000 daltons. It contains 22 amino acid repeats, forming amphipathic helices. It is synthesized primarily in the liver (though it is virtually ubiquitous in tissues, recently receiving special notoriety because of its distribution in the central nervous system in the areas of injury, and, specifically, its concentration in the plaques of the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease). It is secreted in glycosylated form and is a constituent of all plasma lipoprotein classes (chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins [VLDL], intermediate density lipoproteins [IDL], and high density lipoproteins [HDL]) except low density lipoproteins (LDL) (though traces of apo E may be found in more buoyant LDL particles, especially in animal species other than the human). Like apo B, it serves as a ligand for the E/B (LDL) receptor, and its binding domain has been characterized in detail. It has also been reported to constitute the principal apolipoprotein ligand for the apo E (“chylomicron”) receptor in the liver, which has otherwise been characterized as the lipoprotein receptor protein (LRP). The gene that codes for apo E has been sequenced, cloned, and localized on chromosome 19 at the C 19q13.1 locus, closely linked to the apo C-I and apo C-II genes and more remotely linked to the gene for the LDL receptor.