cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trait psychopathy, emotional intelligence, and criminal thinking: Predicting illegal behavior among college students

Research focusing on individuals high on trait psychopathy remains limited. Higher trait psychopathy is associated with lower levels of emotional intelligence and increased participation in illegal behavior. Additionally, research has confirmed significantly higher levels of criminal thinking and lower levels of empathy in the incarcerated psychopathic population. However, the relationships between trait psychopathy and criminal thinking have not been researched in the community or college population. To test for such differences, questionnaires containing relevant measures were administered to 111 college students. Results indicated that higher levels of trait psychopathy were significantly related to less caring for others, intrapersonal understanding, and general mood, and greater interpersonal functioning and stress management. Furthermore, trait psychopathy was a strong predictor of violent, property, drug, and status offenses. Power-oriented criminal thinking was also predictive of violent behaviors, and entitlement predicted property offending. Results suggest emotional intelligence is important for predicting psychopathy, and trait psychopathy is a strong predictor of all types of illegal behaviors among the non-incarcerated population.
Implementation of IPv6 in 4.4 BSD

The widespread availability of the TCP/IP protocols in early versions of BSD UNIX fostered the currently widespread use of those protocols in commercial products. Rapid depletion of the IPv4 address space has caused the Internet Engineering Task Force to design version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IPv6). IPv6 has some similiarities with IPv4, but it also has many differences, most notably in address size. This paper describes our experience creating a freely distributable implementation of IPv6 inside 4.4 BSD, with focus on the areas that have changed between the IPv4 and IPv6 implementations.
Rethinking Restitution in Cases of Child Pornography Possession

Child pornography is increasingly prevalent in today’s society and is now one of the fastest growing Internet activities. Unlike producers, possessors of child pornography do not actively engage in the physical and sexual abuse of children. However, possessors are viewers of this documented abuse and rape, and can be, therefore, similarly responsible for the perpetual victimization of innocent youth. In 1994, Congress sought to protect victims of sexual exploitation and child pornography with the passage of the Mandatory Restitution Provision, 18 U.S.C. § 2259. While the meaning of § 2259 seems to unambiguously require restitution from defendants convicted of production, distribution, and possession of child pornography, courts’ interpretation of the provision have been less clear. Courts unhesitatingly order restitution in cases where the offender is responsible for the production of child pornography and is, therefore, directly linked to identifiable victim harm. More problematic, however, are cases where a victim seeks restitution against a defendant who did not produce the pornography but rather possessed it. In these cases, courts confront the issue of whether a victim must prove a causal connection between the defendant’s possession of the pornography and the victim’s alleged harm. To date, the literature has focused on whether § 2259 contains a proximate cause requirement. I seek to advance this discussion, arguing that regardless of the interpretation of § 2259, the statute is not an appropriate means of compensating victims while also ensuring fairness for defendants. Accordingly, the statute as it currently operates is inefficient and unjust. This Article addresses that injustice, evaluating the underlying controversy regarding restitution for victims of child pornography possession under § 2259, discussing the judiciary’s approach to the issue, analyzing the difficulty in awarding restitution under § 2259 in cases of child pornography possession, and advocating a reformed system for issuing restitution in these cases.
Abstract P4-14-06: Characteristics of benign breast disease and subsequent risk of breast cancer differ by age among African Americans

Introduction: A history of benign breast disease (BBD) is common and certain established pathologic features are associated with increased breast cancer risk. These associations have been reported primarily from studies of white women, where incidence of BBD peaks in the 4th or 5th decade of life. Previous work in an African American (AA) cohort of women with BBD showed AA women were younger at their first BBD diagnosis. Thus investigating whether different features of benign lesions may be associated with age and/or subsequent breast cancer risk in this population is warranted. Methods: Benign breast biopsies from 1,867 AA women with BBD diagnosed from 1997-2003 were microscopically reviewed for 15 benign features (apocrine metaplasia (AM), ductal hyperplasia (DH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular hyperplasia (LH), calcifications (Calc), cysts, duct ectasisa (DE), fibroadenoma (FA), fibrosis, intraductal papilloma (IDP), radial scar (RS), sclerosing adenosis (SA), columnar cell alterations (CC), mucocele-like tumors (MLT), and atropy), and followed for subsequent breast cancer in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Data from 439 women under 40 and 1,428 women 40 and older at BBD diagnosis were available for analysis, with a mean follow-up time of 14 years. Differences between age categories for BBD features were compared using chi-square tests, and risk of breast cancer was estimated with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) calculated from logistic regression analysis. Results: Women 40 and over were more likely to be diagnosed with nearly all of the benign characteristics compared to younger women, including: AM, DH, Calc, cysts, CC, and ADH (all p-values Conclusions: Characteristics of BBD differ by age, with more women over the age of 40 being diagnosed with various conditions. Risk of subsequent cancer also varies, although RS, CC and ADH appear to increase risk in both age groups. Citation Format: Michele L Cote, Julie J Ruterbusch, Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay, Quratulain Ahmed, Barra Alosh, Eman Abdulfatah, Haitham Arabi, Rouba Lynn Ali-Fehmi. Characteristics of benign breast disease and subsequent risk of breast cancer differ by age among African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-06.
Trends in Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

To the Editor: The study by Dr Fox and colleagues compared cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes for a Framingham cohort examined in 1950-1966 with one examined in 1970-1995 and found that CVD incidence/mortality declined 49% for adults with diabetes and 35% for adults without diabetes. In contrast, studies using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data and Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) resources found that declines in CVD mortality rates between 1970 and 1995 were significantly less for adults with diabetes compared with adults without diabetes. Fox et al attributed this difference to shorter follow-up in NHANES and REP studies and to limitations in the determination of CVD and diabetes in these studies. However, the criticismregardingCVDdeterminationdoesnotaddress those studies’ findings of significant temporal increases in the diabetesassociated risk of all-cause-mortality. While the NHANES and REP studies are more vulnerable to diabetes detection bias than is the Framingham study, earlier detection of milder diabetes in recent periods should contribute to artifactual improvement in relative survival for persons with diabetes, while both NHANES and REP studies found the opposite. Because diabetes duration is a strong predictor of CVD, the risk of CVD associated with diabetes would be artifactually reduced by any bias toward shorter duration. In the Framingham analysis, some individuals belonged to both cohorts; thus, diabetes duration at baseline was likely shorter in the later than earlier cohort. Temporal changes in the Framingham definition of diabetes also favor shorter duration in the later cohort. While follow-up in the NHANES and REP studies was intentionally truncated at 10 years, this was not the case in the Framingham study, so that relatively shorter allowable follow-up for the later Framingham cohort could also contribute to the observed reductions in the diabetes-associated risk of CVD for that cohort. The Framingham study followed up patients to 2000 and is thus more informative than the REP and NHANES studies regarding recent improvements in diabetes treatment and care. However, the latest entry in the earlier Framingham cohort (1966) preceded the earliest entry date for the NHANES and REP studies (1970). Relative survival associated with diabetes improved between 1945-1958 and 19551969. The extent to which the Framingham trends were driven by these earlier years is unknown.
The Role of Regional Therapies for in-Transit Melanoma in the Era of Improved Systemic Options

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing at a rapid rate, with 4%–11% of all melanoma recurrences presenting as in-transit disease. Treatments for in-transit melanoma of the extremity are varied and include surgical excision, lesional injection, regional techniques and systemic therapies. Excision to clear margins is preferred; however, in cases of widespread disease, this may not be practical. Historically, intralesional therapies were generally not curative and were often used for palliation or as adjuncts to other therapies, but recent advances in oncolytic viruses may change this paradigm. Radiation as a regional therapy can be quite locally toxic and is typically relegated to disease control and symptom relief in patients with limited treatment options. Regional therapies such as isolated limb perfusion and isolated limb infusion are older therapies, but offer the ability to treat bulky disease for curative intent with a high response rate. These techniques have their associated toxicities and can be technically challenging. Historically, systemic therapy with chemotherapies and biochemotherapies were relatively ineffective and highly toxic. With the advent of novel immunotherapeutic and targeted small molecule agents for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, the armamentarium against in-transit disease has expanded. Given the multitude of options, many different combinations and sequences of therapies can be offered to patients with in-transit extremity melanoma in the contemporary era. Reported response and survival rates of the varied treatments may offer valuable information regarding treatment decisions for patients with in-transit melanoma and provide rationale for these decisions.
Amplitude and asymmetry study using magnetoresistive sensitivity mapping (MSM) on manufacturing ESD failures and ESD simulation experiments

Magnetoresistive Sensitivity Mapping (MSM) is used to investigate hard and soft electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage on anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) readers from manufacturing failures and simulation experiments. Unipolar MSM data is compared with sensor output voltage amplitudes which are measured using signals from magnetic transitions written on a high density magnetic tape. A bipolar MSM technique using two oppositely magnetized tips to measure the AMR sensitivity was applied to reveal sensor asymmetry. Multiple domains are observed on sensors exposed to soft ESD. Re-magnetization of the soft ESD damaged head showed the soft ESD damage is irreversible.
Embedded test for a new memory-card architecture

Requirements for a new Cray Inc. computer system mean that the system's memory cards have high-speed SerDes interfaces and multiple memory controllers in a semicustom IC close to the memory chips. As a result, the functionality of a card is much greater than is current practice, and the cards can not be connected to existing memory testers. An embedded test system is designed for the card that can test all aspects of the card including the SerDes paths, a large L3 cache, the memory controllers, and the memory parts mounted on the cards, with testing driven from a JTAG port. The test capability is based in a microcoded controller, with data packets being generated and checked rather than directly controlling the logic being exercised. Some of the test implementation discussed here is patent pending.
The Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Involvement: Forging The future From Past Lessons Learned

This paper is focused on prevention science and practive as they apply generally to health and behavior and specifically to problems caused by involvement with alcohol, tabacco, and other drugs (ATOD).
Generalized Solutions in the Optimal Control of Diffusions

We consider optimal control of Markov diffusion procesess n-dimensional R n , on a finite time interval t ≤ s ≤ T. The dynamics of the process x s being controlled are governed by the stochastic differential equation $$d{x_s} = b(s,x,{u_s})ds + \sigma (s,{x_s},{u_s})d{\omega _s} $$ (1) with initial data x s = x. The control process u s takes values in a control space Y, and is progressively measurable with respect to the filtration of the brownian motion process w s . The objective is to minimize an expected cost $$ {J^U}(t,x) = {E_{tx}}\smallint _t^t{\ell _o}(s,{x_s}{u_s})ds $$ (1.2) .
Lactational Programming of Infant Behavioral Phenotype

The goal of the present chapter is to familiarize the reader with the limited body of knowledge on mother’s milk and infant behavior and thereby motivate future investigations on the complex inter-relationships among early nutrition, neurodevelopment, and behavioral phenotype. After briefly summarizing what is known about mother’s milk and infant growth, I will provide a conceptual framework for “behavioral phenotype” and discuss attributes of mother’s milk that have been associated with infant behavioral phenotype. To date, this has only been directly studied in rodents and rhesus macaques, and glucocorticoids in milk have received the greatest research effort. I will then explore the potential proximate mechanisms by which cortisol and other milk attributes mediate metabolic and neurobiological development and thereby influence infant behavior.
Myosin Gene Expression and Protein Abundance in Different Castes of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes formosanus)

The Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) is an important worldwide pest, each year causing millions of dollars in structural damage and control costs. Termite colonies are composed of several phenotypically distinct castes. Termites utilize these multiple castes to efficiently perform unique roles within the colony. During the molting/caste differentiation process, multiple genes are believed to be involved in the massive reorganization of the body plan. The objective of this research was to analyze the muscle gene, myosin, to further understand the role it plays in C. formosanus development. We find that comparing worker vs. solider caste myosin gene expression is up-regulated in the soldier and a myosin antibody-reactive protein suggests changes in splicing. Comparison of body regions of mature soldier and worker castes indicates a greater level of myosin transcript in the heads. The differential expression of this important muscle-related gene is anticipated considering the large amount of body plan reorganization and muscle found in the soldier caste. These results have a direct impact on our understanding of the downstream genes in the caste differentiation process and may lead to new targets for termite control.
A Computer-Algebra Application for the Description of NMR Experiments Using the Product-Operator Formalism

Abstract In physics and chemistry the interactions of the system under investigation are, of course, expressed using the language of mathematics, especially algebra. The numerical counterpart of mathematics aided by developments in computer science has had its place in chemistry and physics for several decades now. Only in the past few years has computer algebra attracted more attention from chemists and physicists for aiding them in the manipulation of their algebraic expressions. This paper presents a set of Maple procedures that facilitate the computer manipulation of product-operator expressions for the description of the behavior of spins under pulses and during chemical-shift and coupling evolutions. It is intended for use by NMR spectroscopists as an aid for pulse sequence development and for educational purposes.
Thermal energy storage with heat transfer augmentation using thermosyphons

Abstract Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) system offers high energy storage density and nearly isothermal operation for concentrating solar power generation. However, the low thermal conductivity of the phase change materials (PCM) used in LTES systems limits the heat transfer rates. Utilizing thermosyphons to charge or discharge a LTES system offers a promising engineering solution to compensate for the low thermal conductivity of the PCM. The present work numerically investigates the enhancement in the thermal performance of charging and discharging process of LTES system by embedding thermosyphons. A transient, computational analysis of the LTES system with embedded thermosyphons is performed to investigate the influence of the design configuration of the system and the arrangement of the thermosyphons on the charge and discharge performance of the LTES. Based on the studies, configurations that lead to improved effectiveness and energy storage/retrieval rate per unit cost of thermosyphon are identified and compared relative to the performance of equivalent systems with embedded heat pipes.
The inspiration of Lamarck's belief in evolution.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck had already reached his midfifties when he first came to believe in evolution. Though the change in his thought was an important one, it is not clear that this change should be regarded as an example of extraordinary intellectual flexibility for a scientist of that age. Prominent in Lamarck's coming to believe in evolution was his refusal to relinquish certain major concepts which he had cherished for a long time and which were coming under increasing attack at the end of the eighteenth century. In this paper I intend to identify the major elements of continuity and change in Lamarck's thinking at the turn of the century and to offer an explanation of just how his belief in evolution was initially inspired. Three particular distinctions which are especially useful in analyzing the development of Lamarck's evolutionary thought should help make clear what the present paper is (and is not) about. The first is the distinction between the broad foundations on which Lamarck's biological and evolutionary thought was based and the immediate reasons in the very last years of the eighteenth century for his coming to believe in evolution. The second is the distinction between the set of specific problems that caused him to come to believe in evolution and the broader set of problems, not immediately connected with the first set, that his view of evolution came to encompass. The third is the distinction between his belief that evolution takes place and the particular mechanisms he offered to explain how evolution takes place. These distinctions, which have been made far too rarely in studies of Lamarck's thought, should help in understanding the problem that is the focus of this paper, namely, just what it was that inspired Lamarck's belief in evolution.
Fidelity of DNA replication in vivo.

Summary The incorporation of labeled deoxyribonucleosides into DNA during one cell cycle was measured in synchronous cultures of the mesophile, Bacillus licheniformis , and the thermophile, B. stearothermophilus , each grown at two temperatures. There were definite changes in the incorporation of adenine, guanine, and thymine for the mesophile as the temperature was raised from 37°C to 45°C. For the thermophile, only the incorporation of thymine changed as the temperature was raised from 55° to 65°C. These results may be indicative of greater fidelity of DNA replication in the thermophile. Apparent error rates of base incorporation (10 −4 to 10 −6 ) were significantly lower than those found for in vitro systems and were within the range of theoretically calculated values.
Tracheal Anastomosis in the Dog Comparison of Two End‐to‐End Techniques

Two techniques for tracheal resection and anastomosis were performed and compared in 20 normal dogs. In one technique, cartilage rings were split circumferentially, and the split rings were apposed with simple interrupted sutures that penetrated the annular ligament. In the other technique, the annular ligaments were incised and apposed with simple interrupted sutures placed through the annular ligament and around the adjacent ring. Endoscopy and xeroradiography were used to evaluate the anastomotic sites at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Infection, mucus accumulation, coughing, stridor, or anastomotic separations were not seen. Stenosis of the anastomotic site was observed in 80% of the dogs, due to the intraluminal protrusion of epithelialized fibrous connective tissue. The split cartilage technique was easy to perform and resulted in less dorsoventral stenosis than the annular ligament technique.
Outcomes in patients age 70 or older undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies.

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can achieve durable remissions in a number of patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. Little is known about the safety of HSCT in patients age 70 or older. Consecutive patients (n = 54) age 70 or older underwent HSCT between 2007 and 2012. Diseases included acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 25), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 12), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 5), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 4), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 3), myeloproliferative neoplasm (n = 4), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (n = 1). Median follow-up for survivors was 21 months. All patients received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens, primarily busulfan/fludarabine. All patients received unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell grafts: 44 from 8/8 matched unrelated donors, 8 from matched related donors, and 2 from 7/8 matched unrelated donors. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was calcineurin inhibitor–based in all patients. The median age at transplantation was 71 years (range, 70 to 76); the median HCT comorbidity index score was 1 (range, 0 to 5). Two patients died before hematopoietic recovery (1 with graft failure and 1 with disease progression), and 1 patient relapsed before hematopoietic recovery; otherwise, all engrafted with median donor chimerism of 94% at 1 month. Cumulative incidence of grades II to IV acute GVHD was 13% and of grades III to IV acute GVHD, 9.3%. At 2 years, the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 36%, progression-free survival was 39%, overall survival was 39%, and relapse was 56%. Nonrelapse mortality was 3.7% at day +100 and 5.6% at 2 years. We conclude that allogeneic HSCT is a safe and effective option for carefully selected patients age 70 or older.
Some Dynamic and Time-Averaged Flow Measurements in a Turbine Rig

Four types of sensors were used to make both dynamic and time-averaged flow measurements in a cold turbine rig to determine the magnitude of errors in time-averaged total-pressure measurement at a station 5 1/2 blade cords downstream from the rotor. The errors turned out to be negligible. The sensors and their intended use are discussed.
Respiratory Mechanisms and the Metazoan Fossil Record

THE fossil record sheds little light on the problem of metazoan origins. Most of the major metazoan phyla appear in the fossil record in the Cambrian but no ancestral organisms have been found in the Precambrian, although suitable non-metamorphosed Precambrian rocks exist1. The oldest known metazoan fossils (latest Precambrian) are those from the Ediacara formation, Australia2. These fossils represent soft-bodied metazoans, some of which have been assigned to the coelenterates, some to the annelids, while others are of uncertain phyla3. Glaessner suggests2 that the Ediacara animals may be significant as a stage in the evolution of small, soft-bodied animals to larger forms with the gradual acquisition of fossilizable exo-skeletons or shells.
Quantum dynamics of a massless relativistic string (II)

Abstract The massless relativistic free string is studied in the gauge x 0 = τ . It is found that the classical solutions include transverse and longitudinal vibrations. The problem is treated both in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism. Different ways of quantizing the system are investigated. The path integral quantization leads to a Poincare invariant quantum theory in any number of dimensions.
Use of dithionite in the removal of nickel from ammoniacal solutions

Abstract An investigation has been carried out to study the feasibility of the removal of nickel from ammoniacal solutions using the reducing agent sodium dithionite. The results obtained indicate that dithionite can precipitate over 95% of nickel values in solution in the form of Ni3S2 and metallic nickel. A temperature of 45°C has been found to be optimal for the precipitation process.
Ear asymmetry in reaction time tasks as a function of handedness.

Abstract Reaction times of left-handed subjects to nonverbal auditory stimulation in choice and “go-no go” reaction time tasks were significantly faster when the stimuli were presented to the left ear. Analysis of inter-ear difference scores revealed that the subjects who showed reversed ear preference, i.e. faster reaction times to right ear stimulation, had significantly smaller inter-ear differences and a greater tendency toward mixed hand preference than those who exhibited left ear preference. Additionally, left handers were found to have stimulus-response compatibility effects similar to those previously obtained in right-handed subjects.
Optimal foraging in bumblebees: Rule of movement between flowers within inflorescences

Abstract It is hypothesized that nectar-collecting bumblebees will be found to forage in ways that maximize their net rate of energy intake. Attention is focused, in this paper, on the manner in which these bumblebees move from one flower to another within inflorescences. Observations were made on workers of Bombus appositus, which were collecting nectar from Aconitum columbianum (monkshood). The rule of movement of the bumblebees was determined and compared, in terms of net rate of energy intake, with several possible alternative rules. Two of these alternatives gave equally high net rates of energy intake. The observed rule was very similar in nature to one of these and indistinguishable from both in terms of net rate of energy intake.
Cryptobiotic crusts of a seasonally inundated Dune–Pan system at Edwards Air Force Base, Western Mojave Desert, California

Cryptobiotic crusts are a dominant component of an area of dunes and pans situated on Pleistocene Lake Thompson bed at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), California. Crusts cover about 50% of the surface area; upland crusts cover 80% of the dunes, aquatic remnant crusts cover about 20% of the pans. The biomass of the crusts is about twice the maximum reported elsewhere. As typical for cryptobiotic crust communities, the cyanophyte Microcoleus vaginatus dominated the upland crusts; however, neither moss-nor lichen-dominated crusts were found. The pans present an enigma; some were dominated by cyanobacterial crusts; while others were dominated by bacterial crusts. Both natural disturbance (e.g. mammal burrows) and anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. foot traffic) appeared to have a negative effect on both the upland and aquatic remnant crusts.
Fluid Shear Stress Stimulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Endothelial Cells

Abstract Local alterations in the hemodynamic environment regulate endothelial cell function, but the signal-transduction mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. Because mitogen-activat...
Localization of the Chaperone Binding-Site

The hypothesis derived from models of the multi-oligomeric chaperone complex suggests that partially denatured proteins bind in a central cavity in the aggregate. To test this hypothesis, the molecular chaperone, alpha crystallin, was bound to partially denatured forms of gamma crystallin, and the binding site was visualized by immunogold localization. In an alternative approach, gold particles were directly complexed with gamma crystallin, followed by binding to the alpha crystallin aggregate. In both cases, binding was localized to the central region of the aggregate, confirming for the first time that partially denatured proteins do indeed bind to a central region of the molecular chaperone aggregate.
Total and Partial Atomic-Level Widths

Total and partial atomic-level widths of the K-, L-, M-, and N-levels of the elements (covering Z up to 120 for K- and L-levels) are presented in graphic form. Graphs are based on theoretical predictions; total widths are natural level widths as governed by the rates of the various deexcitation processes for a single hole in that level. The drawings make possible, throughout the periodic table, a quick survey of the magnitude and trends of the total level widths, rates and yields of radiative, Auger, and Coster-Kronig processes,and widths of x-ray, Auger, and Coster-Kronig lines.
Cytoplasmic dynamics reveals two modes of nucleoid-dependent mobility

It has been proposed that forces resulting from the physical exclusion of macromolecules from the bacterial nucleoid play a central role in organizing the bacterial cell, yet this proposal has not been quantitatively tested. To investigate this hypothesis, we mapped the generic motion of large protein complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm through quantitative analysis of thousands of complete cell-cycle trajectories of fluorescently tagged ectopic MS2-mRNA complexes. We find the motion of these complexes in the cytoplasm is strongly dependent on their spatial position along the long axis of the cell, and that their dynamics are consistent with a quantitative model that requires only nucleoid exclusion and membrane confinement. This analysis also reveals that the nucleoid increases the mobility of MS2-mRNA complexes, resulting in a fourfold increase in diffusion coefficients between regions of the lowest and highest nucleoid density. These data provide strong quantitative support for two modes of nucleoid action: the widely accepted mechanism of nucleoid exclusion in organizing the cell and a newly proposed mode, in which the nucleoid facilitates rapid motion throughout the cytoplasm.
THE EFFECT OF OXYTOCIN ON FERTILITY IN FEMALE CHICKENS AND ON SPERM MOTILITY

Abstract There are several reports that the presence of hard-shelled eggs in the uteri of chicken hens at the time of artificial insemination adversely affects fertilization (Moore and Byerly, 1942; Parker, 1945; Bornstein et al., 1960). More recent research indicates that fertility is impaired by the presence of a hard-shelled egg in the uterus only if A.I. is done within the last 3 or 4 hours prior to laying, and that hens laying within 1 or 2 hours prior to A.I. also have reduced fertility (Johnston and Parker, 1970; Hughes, 1970). This indicates that some factor other than the presence of a hard-shelled egg in the uterus or the act of oviposition per se is responsible for the decreased fertilization rate. Since neurohypophysial hormones are known to cause oviposition in hens and the blood level of vasotocin increases greatly shortly before oviposition (Douglas and Sturkie, 1964), it is conceivable that these hormones may affect fertilization of hens inseminated near the time of oviposition.…
A Longitudinal Study of Leader Reward Behavior, Subordinate Expectancies, and Satisfaction.

Positive and punitive leader reward behavior and their longitudinal relationships with subordinate expectancies and satisfaction were studied in a large manufacturing organization. Longitudinal data were collected approximately one year apart from 132 managerial, engineering and supervisory employees. Cross-lagged correlations suggested that positive leader reward behavior was causally related to higher effort-to-performance expectancy, as well as higher satisfaction with work, opportunities for promotion and overall satisfaction. Punitive leader reward behavior was suggested to be causally related to lower satisfaction with work, supervision and overall satisfaction. Implications were discussed for the use of leader reward behavior and for future research.
Myocardial blood flow from dynamic PET using Independent Component Analysis

Generation of parametric images of myocardial blood flow (MBF) from dynamic PET requires a reproducible and reliable method to obtain left and right ventricular time-activity curves. We propose the use of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on PET temporal information to segment the image data into three categories: right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and myocardium. ICA is an established signal processing technique that assumes that the dynamic signal in each voxel is a linear mixture of signals from statistically independent sources. The mixing process is due to cardiac motion and partial volume effects. Due to its ability to find the intensity of the underlying sources, ICA generates a 3D map of the mixing coefficients that allows the segmentation of structures. Dynamic cardiac PET data were acquired with a Siemens Biograph mCT PET/CT scanner using Rb-82 and [15O]water in nonhuman primate and pigs with injections of different activities. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to compare the segmentations between scans of different species with different tracers. The LV and RV regions were used to calculate input functions for kinetic analysis and MBF estimation. Pairwise comparisons of the segmentations between different [15O]water PET scans gave DSC of 0.91 ± 0.09 and 0.92±0.08 for the RV and LV segmentations, respectively. For Rb-82 PET scans, the DSC values were of 0.89 ± 0.09 and 0.85±0.10 for RV and LV. We used contrast CT as a gold standard for the LV and RV segmentations. Pairwise comparisons of the segmentations between different contrast CT and Rb-82 PET scans gave DSC of 0.86 ± 0.09 and 0.85±0.09 for the RV and LV, respectively. Our work shows the reliability and reproducibility of the results of the segmentation algorithm. High quality parametric images of MBF and the kinetic parameters were obtained. These results suggest that ICA may be useful to extract time-activity curves for kinetic MBF analysis. The effects of partial volume on input TAC determination were also evaluated.
On the intersection of casuistry and particularism.

A comparison of casuistry with the strain of particularism developed by John McDowell and David Wiggins suggests that casuistry is susceptible to two very different mistakes. First, as sometimes developed, casuistry tends toward an implausible rigidity and systematization of moral knowledge. Particularism offers a corrective to this error. Second, however, casuistry tends sometimes to present moral knowledge as insufficiently systematized: It often appears to hold that moral deliberation is merely a kind of perception. Such a perceptual model of deliberation cannot offer a convincing account of the possibility of moral progress. This second problem is one to which particularism is itself prone. To redress it, other aspects of casuistry must be exploited: Casuistry contains an account of presumptive generalizations that explains how moral deliberation might be structured by rules while also depending at critical junctures on perception.
Decreased Proinflammatory Cytokines and Increased Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression by ω-3 Lipids in Murine Lupus Nephritis

Abstract Enrichment of diet with ω-3 lipid rich-menhaden fish oil (FO) when fed ad libitum to autoimmune lupus-prone NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) female mice delayed the onset and slowed progression of renal disease while significantly extending life-span compared to ω-6 lipid rich-corn oil (CO)-fed mice. Northern blot analysis of kidneys from FO-fed mice revealed no detectable levels of IL-1β IL-6 and TNFα mRNA contrasted to levels that were easily detected in CO-fed mice. In contrast to the cytokines, FO-fed mice showed higher renal levels of the antioxidant enzymes-catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mRNAs compared to CO-fed mice. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with FO, as compared to CO, inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ameliorates immune-complex-mediated kidney injury possibly by enhancing the ability of cells to dispose of harmful reactive oxygen intermediates.
High Speed, High Resolution Glass Inspection System

A new inspection system for glass containers, e.g. bottles, is under development. The system lay-out fulfills the essential boundary conditions given by the glass manufacturers. In comparison to other systems it yields the best optical resolution. It comprises different inspection sections, such as bottom inspection, side wall inspection, geometry control and wall thickness control within a single mechnical transport system. The first experimental results are very satisfying.
Morphine Regulates Expression of μ-Opioid Receptor MOR-1A, an Intron-Retention Carboxyl Terminal Splice Variant of the μ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) Gene via miR-103/miR-107

The μ-opioid receptor (MOR-1) gene OPRM1 undergoes extensive alternative splicing, generating an array of splice variants. Of these variants, MOR-1A, an intron-retention carboxyl terminal splice variant identical to MOR-1 except for the terminal intracellular tail encoded by exon 3b, is quite abundant and conserved from rodent to humans. Increasing evidence indicates that miroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate MOR-1 expression and that μ agonists such as morphine modulate miRNA expression. However, little is known about miRNA regulation of the OPRM1 splice variants. Using 3′-rapid amplification cDNA end and Northern blot analyses, we identified the complete 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) for both mouse and human MOR-1A and their conserved polyadenylation site, and defined the role the 3′-UTR in mRNA stability using a luciferase reporter assay. Computer models predicted a conserved miR-103/107 targeting site in the 3′-UTR of both mouse and human MOR-1A. The functional relevance of miR-103/107 in regulating expression of MOR-1A protein through the consensus miR-103/107 binding sites in the 3′-UTR was established by using mutagenesis and a miR-107 inhibitor in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells and Be(2)C cells that endogenously express human MOR-1A. Chronic morphine treatment significantly upregulated miR-103 and miR-107 levels, leading to downregulation of polyribosome-associated MOR-1A in both Be(2)C cells and the striatum of a morphine-tolerant mouse, providing a new perspective on understanding the roles of miRNAs and OPRM1 splice variants in modulating the complex actions of morphine in animals and humans.
A COMPARISON OF THE MEASUREMENT OF FREE ERYTHROCYTE PORPHYRIN (FEP) AND RED CELL AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRASE ACTIVITY (ALAD) AS MEANS OF DETERMINING EXCESSIVE LEAD ABSORPTION

A COMPARISON OF THE MEASUREMENT OF FREE ERYTHROCYTE PORPHYRIN (FEP) AND RED CELL AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRASE ACTIVITY (ALAD) AS MEANS OF DETERMINING EXCESSIVE LEAD ABSORPTION
Pronounced Hypoperfusion During Spreading Depression in Mouse Cortex

We studied unique cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to cortical spreading depression in mice using a novel two-dimensional CBF imaging technique, laser speckle flowmetry. Cortical spreading depression caused a triphasic CBF response in both rat and mouse cortex. In rats, mild initial hypoperfusion (approximately 75% of baseline) was followed by a transient hyperemia reaching approximately 220% of baseline. In mice, the initial hypoperfusion was pronounced (40-50% of baseline), and the anticipated hyperemic phase barely reached baseline. The duration of hypoperfusion significantly correlated with the duration of the DC shift. As a possible explanation for the pronounced hypoperfusion, mouse cerebral vessels showed enhanced resistance to relaxation by acetylcholine (3 microM) after K+ -induced preconstriction (20, 40, and 80 mM) but dilated normally in response to acetylcholine after preconstriction with U46619, a synthetic thromboxane A2 analog. By contrast, rat vessels dilated readily to acetylcholine after preconstriction by K+. The transient normalization of CBF after hypoperfusion in the mouse was abolished by L-NA but not 7-NI. In summary, the CBF response to cortical spreading depression in mice contrasts with the rat in that the initial hypoperfusion is pronounced, and the hyperemic phase is markedly diminished. The differences in CBF response between species may be in part caused by an increased sensitivity of mouse cerebral vessels to elevated extracellular K+.
Oxidative Stress Inhibits Calpain Activity in Situ

In this study, the effects of oxidative stress on calpain-mediated proteolysis and calpain I autolysis in situ were examined. Calpain activity was stimulated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. Calpain-mediated proteolysis of the membrane-permeable fluorescent substrate N-succinyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosine-7-amido-4-methylcouma rin, as well as the endogenous protein substrates microtubule-associated protein 2, tau and spectrin, was measured. Oxidative stress, induced by addition of either doxorubicin or 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide, resulted in a significant decrease in the extent of ionophore-stimulated calpain activity of both the fluorescent compound and the endogenous substrates compared with control, normoxic conditions. Addition of glutathione ethyl ester, as well as other antioxidants, resulted in the retention/recovery of calpain activity, indicating that oxidation-induced calpain inactivation was preventable/reversible. The rate of autolytic conversion of the large subunit of calpain I from 80 to 78 to 76 kDa was decreased during oxidative stress; however, the extent of calpain autolysis was not altered. These data indicate that oxidative stress may reversibly inactivate calpain I in vivo.
Intracerebroventricular infusion of the galanin antagonist M40 attenuates heterosexual partner preference in ferrets.

Gonadectomized, estradiol-treated male and female ferrets (Mustela furo) received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of 4 doses of the galanin receptor antagonist M40 or galanin and were allowed to approach breeding male or female ferrets that were placed behind wire mesh barriers in the goal boxes of a T maze. After i.c.v. infusion of saline, subjects strongly preferred to approach stimulus ferrets of the opposite sex. Male and female subjects approached these preferred stimulus animals on significantly fewer trials after i.c.v. infusion of the 2 highest doses of M40, whereas this drug failed to affect males' coital behavior in separate tests with an estrous female. Endogenous galanin may facilitate neural reward mechanisms that control heterosexual partner preference in both sexes.
The ubiquitin–proteasome system postsynaptically regulates glutamatergic synaptic function

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) actively controls protein dynamics and local abundance via regulated protein degradation. This study investigates UPS' roles in the regulation of postsynaptic function and molecular composition in the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) genetic system. To specifically impair UPS function postsynaptically, the UAS/GAL4 transgenic method was employed to drive postsynaptic expression of proteasome beta2 and beta6 subunit mutant proteins, which operate through a dominant negative mechanism to block proteasome function. When proteasome mutant subunits were constitutively expressed, excitatory junctional current (EJC) amplitudes were increased, demonstrating that postsynaptic proteasome function limits neurotransmission strength. Interestingly, the alteration in synaptic strength was calcium-dependent and miniature EJCs had significantly smaller mean amplitudes and more rapid mean decay rates. Postsynaptic levels of the Drosophila PSD-95/SAP97 homologue, discs large (DLG), and the GluRIIB-containing glutamate receptor were increased, but GluRIIA-containing receptors were unaltered. With acute postsynaptic proteasome inhibition using an inducible transgenic system, neurotransmission was similarly elevated with the same specific increase in postsynaptic GluRIIB abundance. These findings demonstrate postsynaptic proteasome regulation of glutamatergic synaptic function that is mediated through specific regulation of GluRIIB-containing glutamate receptors.
Degradation of poly(ester) microspheres.

Abstract Biodegradable polymeric microspheres have been prepared by spray drying, precipitation, rotary evaporation and press grinding methods. Erosion of microspheres of poly(lactide), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), copolymers of lactide and glycolide, and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate at 85°C and 37°C have been studied using ion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, residual mass measurements, viscometry and gel permeation chromatography. Such studies demonstrated that these polyester matrices degraded via (1) random chain scission and (2) release of soluble monomeric and oligomeric products. Protein release from microspheres prepared by these methods indicated that most of the protein is released before the polymer matrix loses weight.
Three-dimensional trend mapping from wire-line logs

Mapping of lithofacies and porosities of stratigraphic units is complicated because these properties vary in three dimensions. The method of moments was proposed by Krumbein and Libby (1957) as a technique to aid in resolving this problem. Moments are easily computed from wireline logs and are simple statistics which summarize vertical variation in a log trace. Combinations of moment maps have proved useful in understanding vertical and lateral changes in lithology of sedimentary rock units. Although moments have meaning both as statistical descriptors and as mechanical properties, they also define polynomial curves which approximate lithologic changes as a function of depth. These polynomials can be fitted by least-squares methods, partitioning major trends in rock properties from finescale fluctuations. Analysis of variance yields the degree of fit of any polynomial and measures the proportion of vertical variability expressed by any moment or combination of moments. In addition, polynomial curves can be differentiated to determine depths at which pronounced expressions of facies occur and to determine the locations of boundaries between major lithologic subdivisions. Moments can be estimated at any location in an area by interpolating from log moments at control wells. A matrix algebra operation then converts moment estimates to coefficients of a polynomial function which describes a continuous curve of lithologic variation with depth. If this procedure is applied to a grid of geographic locations, the result is a model of variability in three dimensions. Resolution of the model is determined largely by number of moments used in its generation. The method is illustrated with an analysis of lithofacies in the Simpson Group of south-central Kansas; the three-dimensional model is shown as cross sections and slice maps. In this study, the gamma-ray log is used as a measure of shaliness of the unit. However, the method is general and can be applied, for example, to suites of neutron, density, or sonic logs to produce three-dimensional models of porosity in reservoir rocks.
Images of trust, economies of suspicion: Hong Kong media after 1997

(1998). Images of trust, economies of suspicion: Hong Kong media after 1997. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 281-294.