cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of HIV sexual risk behaviors in a community sample of injection drug-using men and women.

Injection risk practices and unprotected sex between injection drug users (IDUs) and their sexual partners are responsible for a high proportion of AIDS cases and new HIV infections in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the links between drug use behaviors and psychosocial factors with high-risk sexual behaviors among male and female IDUs. Understanding the determinants of sexual risk practices among drug users can lead to the development of more effective programs to prevent sexual HIV and STD transmission. This study enrolled a community sample of 101 IDUs (males = 65, females = 36), primarily African American and unemployed, who injected drugs and had unprotected sex in the past 3 months. The sample was categorized into highest sexual risk (multiple partners and intercourse without condoms) and lower sexual risk subgroups. Univariate analyses showed that IDUs at highest sexual risk had lower sexual risk reduction self-efficacy (p = .01) and were more likely to be African American (p = .02). Drug users at highest sexual risk also used noninjected cocaine and crack more frequently (p = .05), were less likely to inject heroin (p = .04), and tended to more often inject cocaine (p = .05). IDUs at highest sexual risk also tended to more often use crack and methamphetamines. Logistic regression analyses showed that injecting cocaine or crack, sexual risk reduction self-efficacy, and race were independent predictors of sexual risk behavior levels. Sexual risk reduction programs for this population are needed, with HIV prevention programs tailored to specific IDU risk reduction needs.
Customizing information. 2. How successful are we so far

For pt.1 see ibid., p.96-8, September 1994. Although advanced information customization-transforming information so that it is appropriate to a particular consumer at a particular time-shares some characteristics of other information science disciplines, it is set apart by a need for such capabilities as transformation of individual documents, interactivity, and nonprescriptive structuring. Information retrieval and filtering, hypertext and hypermedia, information extraction and knowledge discovery in databases, information analysis, and data interchange all embody some of the characteristics that will be needed to make the totality of human knowledge more accessible and useful. Additional tools and methods are being developed to help implement advanced information customization. Interactive, nonlinear, nonprescriptive document customization for browsing is but one component among many approaches that will be needed to effectively use information in tomorrow's world. Information is becoming increasingly available online, and digital libraries will eventually become so thoroughly interconnected as to make all such libraries elements in a single, distributed, worldwide digital library. Together with information-customizing interfaces, this will fulfil H.G. Wells' promise of making the whole human memory accessible to everyone. >
The role of stress in the development of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia

Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience produced by multiple influences. This article examines the intervening role of psychologic and physiologic stress in the development and pathogenesis of prolonged herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.
Surface structure of cleaved (001) USb2 single crystal

We have achieved what we believe to be the first atomic resolution STM images for a uranium compound USb2 taken at room temperature. The a, b, and c lattice parameters in the images confirm that the tetragonal USb2crystals cleave on the (00 I) basal plane as expected. Our calculations indicate a symmetric cut between Sb planes to be the most favorable cleavage plane and U atoms to be responsible for most ofthe density of states measured by STM. Since the spacing between Sb atoms and between U atoms is the same, STM topography only cannot unambiguously identify the surface atom species.
A cognitive model for the evaluation of units of instruction

This paper describes an approach to the problem of how particular pre-existing systems of cognitive structures in individuals could be brought to bear on the design and evaluation of an instructional unit. The paper takes the understanding and active use of spatial prepositions as an example of a general instructional goal, and (1) analyzes cognitive systems involved in different uses of prepositions, introducing natural units called “components”; (2) discusses in detail how pre-existing sensorymotor and conceptual knowledge is related to the instructional situation in order to build the desired components naturally; and (3) cites existing psychological research illustrating how research can be used to discover the types of components to look for in individuals.
Room-temperature deformation in a Laves phase

Transmission electron microscopy of two-phase V-Hf-Nb and V-Hf-Nb-Ti alloys plastically deformed at room temperature shows that {111} (112) twinning is a major deformation mode for the HfV2-based Laves phase. Bands of concentrated shear are also observed. Possible approaches to enhance low-temperature deformability in other Laves phases are discussed.
Synthesis of chimeric oligonucleotides containing phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, and phosphoramidate linkages.

H-Phosphonate monomers of 2‘-O-(2-methoxyethyl) ribonucleosides have been synthesized. Oxidation of oligonucleotide H-phosphonates has been optimized to allow the synthesis of oligonucleotides containing either 2‘-deoxy or 2‘-O-(2-methoxyethyl) ribonucleoside residues combined with three different phosphate modifications in the backbone, i.e., phosphodiester (PO), phosphorothioate (PS), and phosphoramidate (PN). Phosphodiester linkages were introduced by oxidation with a cocktail of 0.1 M Et3N in CCl4/Pyr/H2O (5:9:1) without affecting phosphorothioate or phosphoramidate linkages. For the synthesis of phosphoramidate-modified oligonucleotides, N4-acetyl deoxycytidine-3‘-H-phosphonate monomers were used to avoid transamination during the oxidation step.
The syntheses of Hg2P3X where X = Cl and Br

Two new mercury halophosphides Hg2P3Cl and Hg2P3Br, have been prepared. Hg2P3Cl has the monoclinic Cd2P3Cl structure a = 7.840 A, b = 8.849 A, c = 7.593 A, β = 98.63°. Hg2P3Br has a related orthorhombic structure a = 8.014 A, b = 8.901 A, c = 7.822 A. Both are black semiconductors stable in HCl and HNO3.
Taking the death toll after cardiomyocyte grafting: a reminder of the importance of quantitative biology.

in the infarcted heart. All that remained, we Introduction assumed, was to find the right dose of cells needed to completely repair the infarct and show functional Much of the morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction results from the heart’s inability improvement. Disillusionment soon followed, however, when quantitative, dose-response studies were to regenerate significant muscle mass in the infarct. Multiple groups, including our own, have studied undertaken. We observed no increase in graft size over an input range of 3 to 25 million cardiothe possibility of regenerating new muscle in infarcts by cellular implantation (cellular cardiomyocytes [9]. (For reference, the adult rat left ventricle contains >20 million cardiomyocytes [10].) myoplasty). It seems intuitive that the most natural approach would be to replace dead cardiomyocytes Furthermore, grafts were all small, never exceeding 2% of the left ventricle at one week after imwith new, living cardiomyocytes. Indeed, initial studies with cardiomyocyte transplantation genplantation. This suggested that graft cell death was limiting the amount of new myocardium formed. erated considerable excitement. Field’s group, for example, showed that fetal cardiomyocytes formed Studies using TUNEL analysis showed that, although graft cells appeared viable shortly after stable grafts when implanted into the normal myocardium of mice and dogs, and that the graft implantation, by 24 hours >32% had fragmented DNA. Cell death continued for at least 4 days after cells formed intercalated disks with host myocytes [1–3]. Other groups, including our own, subimplantation, when the TUNEL index was 10%. By 1 week, the TUNEL index was >1%, suggesting sequently showed that fetal or neonatal cardiomyocytes could form stable grafts in infarcted the wave of cell death was largely complete. In the current issue of The Journal, Mulleror cryoinjured hearts [4–8], although the grafts typically were located at the lesion’s periphery, close Ehmsen and co-workers have extended these observations using a clever and highly quantitative to host myocardium. molecular technique to measure graft cell number in the heart [11]. The authors implanted neonatal cardiomyocytes from male donors into normal hearts of syngeneic female rats. To quantify graft Facing Up to Death cell number, the authors used TaqMan real time quantitative PCR to detect the Y chromosomeThese qualitative studies painted a rosy picture, where it was possible to create new myocardium linked gene, sry. The ratio of sry to a somatic gene,
A kinetic gelation method for the simulation of free-radical polymerizations

Abstract A new kinetic gelation simulation is presented to describe homopolymerizations of tetrafunctional monomers. The new simulation involves the incorporation of monomer molecules which occupy multiple sites with their functional groups at the ends, initiator molecules which decay into two radicals per initiator, and the incorporation of a crankshaft-type motion for all of the species on a face-centered cubic lattice. Illustrations of the simulation are presented along with results which indicate that a maximum conversion is attained and that the reactivity of the pendant functional group varies greatly over the course of the reaction due to the heterogeneity that appears during the polymerization.
BASIS VOLATILITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEDGING

Most hedges placed in futures markets must be lifted before contract expiration, which necessitates incurring “basis risk.” The focus of this paper is on quantifying such risk as a function of the timing of a hedge, its duration, distance from contract expiration, hedge life, and other market-observable variables. The development of basis-risk profiles provides a hedger with estimates of hedging risks that reasonably can be expected before the actual placement of hedges, thus serving as a useful input in the hedging decision.
Teachers’ perceptions of what was most (and least) supportive during their first year of teaching

Among the many strategies used to support teachers, mentoring was introduced in the early 1980s. It is now quite common in the United States. This investigation in mentoring used mail‐in surveys to gather information from teachers who did and did not participate in a formal mentoring program. It reports their perceptions in terms of what was most supportive during their first year in the profession and what was least supportive the first year. Among teachers who were mentored, that experience was identified as most supportive. Colleagues and administrative support were identified as most supportive for teachers who were not mentored. Least supportive factors were somewhat similar between the two groups. Dissatisfaction from administration, training, and lack of materials were identified. Recommendations for what would improve the first year were also offered. Implications for developing and refining mentoring programs are discussed.
From a phono-logical point of view : Neutralizing quine's argument against analyticity

Though largely unnoticed, in “Two Dogmas” Quine (1951, Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Philosophical Review 60, 20–43. Reprinted in From a Logical Point of View, 20–46) himself invokes a distinction: a distinction between logical and analytic truths. Unlike analytic statements equating ‘bachelor’ with ‘unmarried man’, strictly logical tautologies relating two word-tokens of the same word-type, e.g., ‘bachelor’ and ‘bachelor’ are true merely in virtue of basic phonological form, putatively an exclusively non-semantic function of perceptual categorization or brute stimulus behavior. Yet natural language phonemic categorization is not entirely free of interpretive semantic considerations. “Phonemic reductionism” in both its linguistic (Bloch 1953, Contrast, Language 29, 59–61) and behavioral (Quine 1990, The Phoneme’s Long Shadow, Emics and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate, T. Headland, K. Pike and M. Harris, (eds.), Newbury Park, CA, Sage Publications, 164–167) guise is false. The semantic basis of phonological equivalence, however, has repercussions vis-a-vis Quine’s critique of analyticity. A consistent rejection of meaning-based equivalencies eliminates not only analyticity, but imposes a form of phonological eliminativism too. Phonological eliminativism is the reductio result of applying Quinean meaning skepticism to the phonological typing of natural language. But unlike analyticity, phonology is presumably not subject to philosophical dismissal. The semantic basis of natural language phonology serves to neutralize Quine’s argument against analyticity: without the semantics of meaning, more than just synonymy is lost; basic phonology must also be forfeited.
Multispectral diagnostic imaging of the iris in pigment dispersion syndrome.

PURPOSE To determine if wavelength selection with near infrared iris imaging may enhance iris transillumination defects (ITDs) in pigment dispersion syndrome. METHODS An experimental apparatus was used to acquire iris images in 6 African-American (AA) and 6 White patients with pigment dispersion syndrome. Light-emitting diode probes of 6 different spectral bands (700 to 950 nm) were used to project light into patients' eyes. Iris patterns were photographed, ITD regions of interest were outlined, and region of interest contrasts were calculated for each spectral band. RESULTS Contrasts varied as a function of wavelength (P<0.0001) for both groups, but tended to be highest in the 700 to 800 nm range. Contrasts were higher in Whites than AAs at 700 nm but the opposite was found at 810 nm (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Optimized near infrared iris imaging may be wavelength dependent. Ideal wavelength to image ITDs in more pigmented eyes may be slightly longer than for less pigmented eyes.
Partitioned-Formula Periodic Tables for Diamond Hydrocarbons (Diamondoids)

Isomeric diamond hydrocarbons (diamondoids or polymantanes) with the same number n of adamantane units share the same molecular formula C(Q)(CH)(T)(CH(2))(S) and can be divided into valence isomers (denoted as Q-T-S) by partitioning the number C = Q + T + S of their carbon atoms according to whether they are quaternary, tertiary, or secondary. Vertices of dualists are the centers of adamantane units, and dualist edges connect vertices of adjacent adamantane units (sharing a chair-shaped hexagon). Dualists of diamondoids are hydrogen-depleted skeletons of staggered alkane or cycloalkane rotamers. Diamondoids with acyclic dualists can be classified as catamantanes, those having dualists with chair-shaped six-membered rings as perimantanes, and those having dualists with higher-membered rings that are not perimeters of hexagon-aggregates as coronamantanes. Diamondoids with n adamantane units may be classified into regular catamantanes when the molecular formula is C(4n+6)H(4n+12), and irregular polymantanes (catamantanes or perimantanes) when the number of carbon atoms is lower than 4n + 6. The derivation is presented of formula-periodic tables of regular and irregular diamondoids that allow a better understanding of the shapes and properties of these hydrocarbons for which many applications are predicted.
An adaptive local mesh refinement method for time-dependent partial differential equations

Abstract We discuss an adaptive local mesh refinement procedure for solving time-dependent initial boundary value problems for vector systems of partial differential equations on rectangular spatial domains. The method identifies and groups regions having large local error indicators into rectangular clusters. The time step and computational cells within clustered rectangles are recursively divided until a prescribed tolerance is satisfied. The refined meshes are properly nested within coarser mesh boundaries; thus, simplifying the prescription of interface conditions at boundaries between fine and coarse meshes. Our method may be used with several numerical solution strategies and error indicators. The meshes may be nonuniform and either stationary or moving. A code based on our refinement procedure is used with a MacCormack finite difference method to solve some examples involving systems of hyperbolic conservation laws.
Chlorine and nitrogen doped carbon grown from a tetrachloroethylene and nitrogen feedstock

Abstract Chlorine and nitrogen doped carbon has been grown by chemical vapor deposition of tetrachloroethylene and nitrogen. The film is predominantly carbon (90 at.%) in an amorphous state, but does contain some chlorine terminated carbon nitride aromatic rings, as determined by 13 C NMR. The small amount of chlorine present in the material is inadequate to terminate most of the dangling bonds, leading to a large absorption below the optical band gap, but large enough to significantly increase the optical band gap. And the infrared absorption is dominated by an intense line at 1270 cm −1 , which is interpreted as due to the amorphous carbon network.
Dry season fish survival in isolated pools and within sand-beds in the Mzingwane River, Zimbabwe

Four isolated pools in the otherwise dry Mzingwane River, Zimbabwe, were sampled in December 1985 and a total of 4 547 specimens of 23 species were collected. The dominant species, by number, were Chiloglanis paratus, followed by Barbus toppini, Mesobola brevianalis and Labeobarbus marequensis; the dominant species in terms of biomass were Oreochromis mossambicus, followed by Clarias gariepinus, Tilapia rendalli, Labeo cylindricus and L. marequensis. Most individuals of the larger species in the pools were juveniles, suggesting the potential importance of pools as dry-season refuges. Circumstantial data on fish surviving under the sand during the dry season were corroborated and the importance of thixotropy as a means by which they could be trapped within the sand-beds, is described.
MANY-BODY METHODS APPLIED TO ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM ATOMS AND MOLECULES. II. INELASTIC PROCESSES.

It is shown how the generalized random-phase approximation, previously used to develop a self-consistent theory of elastic scattering and frequency-dependent polarizability, can be extended to the calculation of inelastic scattering cross sections from the ground state of the target. It is also shown that when calculating electron-atom scattering cross sections, one can simultaneously calculate without much additional work elastic and some specific inelastic scattering cross sections for an electron scattering off a positive-ion target. Improvements to the approximation scheme, using self-consistent perturbation methods, are briefly discussed.
Support for radio Marti among Miami's Cubans and non-Cubans

Abstract This study reports a cross-cultural test of people's willingness to publicly express their opinions about controversial issues. A telephone survey was used to measure public support for Radio Marti in the Miami metropolitan area. The study was grounded in the “spiral-of-silence” theory, which asserts that public expression of opinion is a function of perceived majority opinion. The theory maintains that the news media shape public perceptions of majority opinion. By using a combination of factor analysis and regression, it was found that among all respondents, regardless of ethnicity, the best predictor of willingness to publicly express one's opinion was personal opinion and perceptions of other people in the community and nation. News media support for Radio Marti did not influence respondents' willingness to express their opinions. Media usage was a significant predictor when it was treated as an interaction effect with ethnicity.
High Yield Synthesis of Tetraethyl Alkylene-Diphosphonates via the Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction

A high-yield synthesis of tetraethyl alkylenediphosphonates was achieved via the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. Application of optimized reaction conditions for a series of homologous alkylenediphosphonates establishes the generality of the approach.
Lignin as Determined by Oxidation with Sodium Chlorite and a Comparison with Permanganate Lignin

Abstract Sodium chlorite oxidation, a technique of plant research for 30 yr, is of the phenyl ring of lignin without removal of polysaccharides. Our objective was to apply this technique for forages and feeds to compare with permanganate lignin. Fifteen feedstuffs were selected to represent a broad section of fibrous substrates. Substrates were dried at 60 C for 48 h and ground in a Wiley Mill (1 mm screen). One-gram samples were dispersed in a .5% ammonium oxalate, boiled for 2 h, and filtered. The extracted fiber was resuspended in 1% acetic acid at 70 C, sodium chlorite (1.25 g) was added, and lignin was oxidized for a maximum of 45 min. Oxidation was stopped by adding ascorbic acid, and the suspension was filtered and dried at 60 C for 4 h. The difference in weight was defined as sodium chlorite lignin. Permanganate lignin and sodium chlorite lignin for the substrates were: ladino clover 4.94, 5.95; red clover 3.80, 5.02; Kentucky bluegrass 5.56, 6.06; Reed canary grass, full bloom 5.85, 5.35; Reed canary grass, 2nd cutting 5.33, 6.06; bromegrass 5.54, 5.54; orchardgrass 4.68, 6.73; tall fescue 3.13, 7.29; Reed foxtail 4.46, 4.99; alfalfa 6.21, 5.66; wheat straw 12.44, 8.72; elodea 4.09, 3.65; cattle manure 9.61, 13.07; birdsfoot trefoil 8.73, 6.76; and wheat middlings 4.63, 7.09. Differences in lignin values were considerable with the various substrates, but sodium chlorite lignin values generally tended to be higher than permanganate lignin.
A class of non-linear non-classical parabolic equations

Abstract In this paper, we deal with a class of non-classical parabolic equations which arise from some practical problems such as the identification of unknown parameters, free boundary problems, etc. One of the characteristics of this kind of equation is that the maximum principle is no longer valid. We will first study the local solvability for a general equation of this kind via an auxiliary problem and the Schauder fixed point principle. Then, some a priori estimates are derived to establish the global existence of the solution. Moreover, uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution are proved. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the applications of the theory.
Review: Statins do not reduce mortality in patients with no history of cardiovascular disease

Source Citation Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Erqou S, et al. Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65, 229 participan...
NF-κB Activation in T Cells Requires Discrete Control of IκB Kinase α/β (IKKα/β) Phosphorylation and IKKγ Ubiquitination by the ADAP Adapter Protein

NF-κB activation following engagement of the antigen-specific T cell receptor involves protein kinase C-θ-dependent assembly of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome, which coordinates downstream activation of IκB kinase (IKK). We previously identified a novel role for the adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in regulating the assembly of the CBM complex via an interaction of ADAP with CARMA1. In this study, we identify a novel site in ADAP that is critical for association with the TAK1 kinase. ADAP is critical for recruitment of TAK1 and the CBM complex, but not IKK, to protein kinase C-θ. ADAP is not required for TAK1 activation. Although both the TAK1 and the CARMA1 binding sites in ADAP are essential for IκBα phosphorylation and degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, only the TAK1 binding site in ADAP is necessary for IKK phosphorylation. In contrast, only the CARMA1 binding site in ADAP is required for ubiquitination of IKKγ. Thus, distinct sites within ADAP control two key activation responses that are required for NF-κB activation in T cells.
Reconfigurability of single-hub WDM ring networks

We study the benefit of reconfigurability for single-hub WDM ring networks with dynamic single-hubbed traffic. We show that using reconfigurable wavelength add-drop multiplexers (R- WADMs) in place of non-reconfigurable ones can reduce the number of expensive line terminating equipments (LTEs) by a factor of W, where W is the number of wavelengths in the network. In addition, we show that for a general class of traffic, optical networks using R-WADMs guarantee to be (almost) as bandwidth-efficient as full wavelength add-drop networks (that is, opaque networks). For such traffic, we introduce several fast algorithms that achieve or approximate the optimal performance guarantees. The comparison between reconfigurable networks and opaque networks is quantified using a performance metric called capacity ratio, which captures the relative throughput performance of a reconfigurable network compared to the opaque network.
Immunologic Cross-reaction of Stratum Corneum Basic Protein and a Keratohyalin Granule Protein

Antiserum to the stratum corneum basic protein (SCBP) of newborn rat epidermis was used to test for cross-reactive proteins in extracts of skin and in tissue sections. The antibody reacts strongly with epidermal extracts but very poorly with dermal extracts. Buffer extracts of epidermis give a reaction of partial identity or identity with the antigen, SCBP. Urea extracts of isolated stratum corneum give a reaction of identity with SCBP. When the proteins of these extracts are separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the immunoreactive peak in the 4M urea extract corresponds to the 49,000MW SCBP. The immunoreactive peak in the 1M potassium phosphate extract corresponds to a 52,000MW protein. This protein is rapidly and transiently labeled after injection of 3 H-histidine into newborn rats, in contrast to the SCBP which is labeled after a 5-hr lag. The 52,000MW protein appears to be an immunologically related precursor of the SCBP. Immunoreactive proteins were localized in tissue sections by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. A strong positive reaction was seen in keratohyalin granules and in the stratum corneum. The reaction of keratohyalin granules corroborates the extraction of a cross-reactive protein by 1M potassium phosphate, a method for extraction of keratohyalin granules from epidermis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a protein of 52,000MW is present in keratohyalin and is converted to the SCBP (49,000MW) concomitantly with the conversion of a granular cell to a stratum corneum cell.
Movement patterns and habitat characteristics of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the St. Marys River, Michigan, 2007–2008

Abstract Historically, the St. Marys River (SMR), Michigan, provided suitable habitat for lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens ) but their population declined dramatically during the past century due to overharvest and habitat alteration. Since 2000, the Lake Superior State University Aquatic Research Lab has monitored a remnant population of lake sturgeon in the SMR. During 2007 and 2008, lake sturgeon were implanted with sonic transponders to determine spatial extent, movement patterns, and habitat use in the SMR. Telemetry observations indicated that lake sturgeon inhabit a 40 km river reach, representing approximately one-third of the total area of the SMR. Lake sturgeon movement in the SMR was confined to an area between the North Channel of Sugar Island to the southern end of East Neebish Island, with the majority centered around the north end of Lake George. Additionally, lake sturgeon were not observed in the main shipping channel which suggests that they may actively avoid areas with high shipping traffic. During this study, individual weekly movement rates of lake sturgeon varied from under 100 m to over 25 km. Lake sturgeon used transition areas between lotic and lentic waters extensively. These areas create depositional habitats that may be essential foraging areas for lake sturgeon in the SMR. Telemetry results to date have not confirmed the spawning location of lake sturgeon within the SMR. However, two females with partially mature eggs were tagged in 2007 and may spawn within the next 2 years. Their movements could lead to the positive identification of the spawning location which would provide essential information for fisheries managers in the SMR.
The child's voice in pediatric palliative and end-of-life care

Introduction Although much is asked clinically and emotionally of children and adolescents who are receiving treatment for a life-threatening illness, they are not routinely asked how they experience the treatment that is intended to save or prolong their lives. Without their subjective reports (the ‘child's voice’), the treatment risk/benefit ratio cannot be fully known. Our purpose is to offer a description of the term ‘child's voice’ and to describe methods used to solicit and validate the ill child's reports of treatment-related symptoms and quality of life during palliative or end-of-life care. Methods Study methods included a targeted literature review from three literature databases to develop the description of the ‘child's voice’ and to provide evidence regarding the ability of children with cancer to give voice to their treatment experience. Results Many children ages 5–7 years and most children 8 years of age and older in treatment for cancer or receiving end-of-life care were able to validly r...
The Sinus Node in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

A 65-year-old white man with chronic granulocytic leukemia manifested a variety of worsening atrial rhythm disturbances during his progessive clinical deterioration over a one-year period. At autopsy, leukemic infiltration involving the sinus node was evident It is tempting to assume a cause and effect relationship from these findings. Unexplained abnormalities in cardiac rhythm in patients with leukemia should alert the clinician to the possibility of involvement of the heart by cellular infiltrate or hemorrhage. Such knowledge might help curtail the morbidity of these patients, for sometimes the arrhythmia may be amenable to local, palliative treatment.
Some Sobering Data on the Use of Self-Confrontation with Alcoholics

Fifty-two hospitalized male alcoholics were given long (30 min), short (5 min), or no videotape playback of drunken comportment during several alcoholic drinking sessions, or were given standard hospital treatment. Behavioral parameters of drinking such as magnitude of sip, intersip time, and amount consumed were obtained during experimentation for the experimental subjects as well as for the controls, who drank but received no video playback. A weekly follow-up of 6 weeks was conducted on all patients to ascertain whether they were sober, drunk, socially drinking, or incarcerated. The only measure by which the groups differed from one another as a result of experimental procedures was the proportion of subjects completing the drinking sessions with subsequent video confrontation, which was significantly smaller than that of the controls who drank but received no playback. There was a statistically nonsignificant tendency for alcoholics who were given video playback without supportive therapy to return to heavy drinking after hospitalization earlier than alcoholics who were not given video playback. This finding may be interpreted as possibly indicative of the severely stressful effects of video playback of drunken comportment, at least on some individuals, reported by other investigators in this field.
A knowledge‐based framework for intelligent‐data migration

Abstract: The Object-Inferencing Framework (OIF) is a knowledge-based system developed for intelligent-data migration. The framework provides a mechanism to integrate relational data which represents a source model; a project-specific rulebase which specifies plausible migration scenarios; and a deduction system to facilitate the migration of source data to a new, complex target model. Typically, the target model includes constituents that possess both graphic and tabular components. Although the framework is experimental, industrial applications built upon OIF have been successfully deployed in scenarios in which the source data contained implicit information in that semantic relationships and structure conveyed by the data had to be inferred by a domain expert. This framework provides a substrate for migration from any unstructured or semi-structured data representation to a complex, semantically rich target data model. Examples of the migration of CAD data, which represents an electrical-distribution system, to a client-server based Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM) platform are presented to convey the salient features of the design and utility of the OIF. Even though the examples are taken from a specific domain, the approach has potential applications in a myriad of domains, including business enterprises in which the migration of data created and managed by legacy systems to object-oriented and clientserver environments is an area of intense research and development.
Separation of modulator-dependent protein kinase (type I) from cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in mouse testes

A new type of enzyme, modulator-dependent protein kinase (type I) (M-PKI), was successfully isolated from the cytosol fraction of mouse testes. It was eluted slightly after the peak of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-PK) by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Unlike either cyclic AMP-dependent protein Kinase (A-PK) or G-PK, its maximal activity depended exclusively on the presence of crude protein kinase modulators (PKM) or partially purified stimulatory modulator (PKMs).
New developments in the calculation of heavy-element fission barriers

Abstract We present calculated potential-energy surfaces and fission half-lives for heavy even and odd nuclei between Pu and Z = 110. We base our study on the macroscopic-microscopic model. For the macroscopic part we use the Yukawa-plus-exponential (finite-range) model and for the microscopic part a folded-Yukawa (diffuse-surface) single-particle potential. To remove some deficiences of the model that were associated with describing the transition from a single nuclear system to two different nuclear systems that occurs in the scission region, we have included the following new features. We have increased the smoothing range in the Strutinsky method from 1.0 × ħω 0 to 1.4 × ħω 0 and we use shape-dependent Wigner and A 0 terms. The effects of these two improvements are large, up to a magnitude of about 10 MeV close to scission. However, since the changes due to the two improvements have different signs, the results obtained in our previous study are approximately retained. To allow studies of the fission properties of odd nuclei we have also added the possibility of calculating the specialization energies associated with the odd particles. This allows us to calculate fission half-lives also for odd systems for fission along both the new and old fission paths. In most cases we find good agreement between calculated and experimental half-lives. Our results show that we have obtained a good understanding of the fission properties also of odd heavy nuclei.
The demography of coarse wood in north temperate lakes

Summary 1. Exchange of material across habitat boundaries is a key process in riparian zones. The movement of coarse wood from lakeshore forests to the littoral zone, where it provides habitat for aquatic organisms, is not well understood. In 2003, we resampled coarse wood within the littoral zone of four lakes in Northern Wisconsin (U.S.A.), that had originally been surveyed in 1996, to quantify the spatial arrangement of littoral coarse wood and estimate input, loss and movement rates. 2. All four lakes had a clumped pattern of littoral coarse wood, and the locations of clusters were similar in both census years. Littoral coarse wood was more abundant than expected on moderate to steep slopes, on southern shorelines, and in areas with sparse residential development. 3. All four lakes had a net accumulation of coarse wood; rates of wood input ranged from 0.5 to 1.9 logs km−1 year−1, i.e. there was more wood in 2003 than 1996. Movement rates of tagged logs varied 14-fold among lakes, with a maximum in one lake of 42% of logs recovered in 2003 more than 20 m from their 1996 location. Median distance moved ranged from 22 to 323 m among the four lakes. 4. Areas of persistently high wood density may be keystone habitats whose presence enables the persistence of populations of certain aquatic organisms. Conservation of locations with high wood density may be important to maintain target densities of coarse wood of lakes with human development.
Active database and its utilization in the object oriented environment

Abstract Investigation into the concept of active database and the advantages to be realized of its use, in particular in the field of industrial engineering, to produce a better quality of database in a shorter time frame. Both passive and active databases can be manipulated by commands issued by users or applications. Yet, active database uniqueness lays in its ability to manipulate itself. It is possible for a command to originate from the active database itself instead of from some outside control mechanism. Hence, the database controls actively some of its own functions.
Benign symmetric lipomatosis: functional sympathetic denervation of adipose tissue and possible hypertrophy of brown fat.

Abstract Levels of lipolytic hormones (growth hormone, cortisol, and glucagon), insulin, and free fatty acids were measured in a patient with benign symmetric lipomatosis during a 5-hr glucose tolerance test, an insulin tolerance test, a 24-hr fast, and an epinephrine infusion. Although there was no abnormality in insulin dynamics or impairment in lipolytic hormone secretion, there was a failure of free fatty acid concentrations to rise to expected levels during fasting and after glucose. Insulin hypoglycemia and epinephrine infusion resulted in normal and excessive free fatty acid responses, respectively. This pattern of free fatty acid release is consistent with functional sympathetic denervation of adipose tissue. The lipomatous fat in benign symmetric lipomatosis is similar in distribution to the brown fat of human newborns and rodents that may hypertrophy after denervation. It is suggested that the lipomas in this disorder may represent such brown adipose tissue.
The Chinese Nationalist Government’s Policy toward European Jewish Refugees during World War II:

In early 1939, Sun Ke, president of the Legislative Yuan, formulated a plan to settle European Jewish refugees in southwest China. At the same time, the German Jewish businessman Jakob Berglas and the politically active American Jewish dentist Maurice William presented plans to both the Nationalist and U.S. governments to transplant European Jews to China. The Nationalists have been harshly criticized for not confronting the invading Japanese with enough determination. However, their Jewish policy demonstrates that the Chinese Nationalists were determined not only to fight the war but also to use every possible tool, domestic and international, to win. It also illuminates how the “Jewish issue” complicated the relationships between China, Japan, Germany, and the United States before and during World War II.
A Robust Monte Carlo Model for the Extraction of Biological Absorption and Scattering In Vivo

We have a toolbox to quantify tissue optical properties that is composed of specialized fiberoptic probes for UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a fast, scalable inverse Monte Carlo (MC) model. In this paper, we assess the robustness of the toolbox for quantifying physiologically relevant parameters from turbid tissue-like media. In particular, we consider the effects of using different instruments, fiberoptic probes, and instrument-specific settings for a wide range of optical properties. Additionally, we test the quantitative accuracy of the inverse MC model for extracting the biologically relevant parameters of hemoglobin saturation and total hemoglobin concentration. We also test the effect of double-absorber phantoms (hemoglobin and crocin to model the absorption of hemoglobin and beta carotene, respectively, in the breast) for a range of absorption and scattering properties. We include an assessment on which reference phantom serves as the best calibration standard to enable accurate extraction of the absorption and scattering properties of the target sample. We found the best reference-target phantom combinations to be ones with similar scattering levels. The results from these phantom studies provide a set of guidelines for extracting optical parameters from clinical studies.
Anthropological Approaches to the City

Anthropology and sociology have only rather recently become distinct disciplines; they share a common history in nineteenth-century social thought, and joint departments are still not uncommon. Furthermore, they are currently being further entangled by the now-booming field of “urban anthropology,” in which a variety of approaches share little with each other besides using the city as a research setting, and being done by people trained in departments of anthropology.
A 37nV/√Hz 2.5V reference based on dual-threshold JFET technology

A very low-noise voltage reference is described built on a complementary bipolar process with the addition of dual-threshold P-channel JFETs. The difference between the two JFET thresholds exhibits stability and noise suitable for use as the basis of the reference. Additional circuitry amplifies and adjusts the tolerance and temperature coefficient of the threshold difference to create a 2.5 V temperature independent reference voltage capable of operating with supply voltages down to 2.7 volts.
On the Tertiary Strata and their Dislocations in the Neighbourhood of Blackheath

The cuttings of the North Kent Railway yielded some good sections of the Plastic Clay series, and disclosed an important line of dislocation at Deptford;—important because a close approximation to its date can be obtained, and because it has affected the present configuration of the adjoining country. The abrupt escarpment of the chalk and plastic clay along the south side of the Thames is manifestly due in some measure to this dislocation, which also accounts for the presence of the London clay under the Greenwich marshes at an unexpectedly low level. Before proceeding to consider the effects of this dislocation, it will be well to describe the strata which it has affected. And this description derives interest from the fact that these strata are perfectly regular over a large extent of country; their order of superposition and organic contents being constant, and their mineral composition exhibiting no great variation. Table I. shows the localities where the succession of strata may be most advantageously studied; and Table II. the correspondence between the subdivisions existing in this district and those observed elsewhere, and recorded by Mr. Prestwich.*
New & emerging contraceptive methods.

Unintended pregnancy is a major womenapos;s health problem as well as social issue. Half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned—and more than half of those pregnancies involved couples using contraception. The past two years have been outstanding regarding contraception development, however, and women now have more choices for effective and easy‐to‐use contraceptive methods than ever before. Nurses and nurse practitioners have a responsibility to make sure women are well educated about their many contraceptive options so that they may make wise choices and plan their pregnancies. Here's a look at the newest methods and how they're working for women to prevent pregnancy.
Associations between miscellaneous symptoms and symptom dimensions: An examination of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Abstract Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adults is a heterogeneous disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment. Although factor analytic studies have identified symptom dimensions, these analyses do not capture the varied miscellaneous symptoms that fail to load on a specific dimension despite being functionally related. The present study sought to extend the findings of previous research in adults to a sample of youth with OCD (n=131). Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictive value of each of the four symptom factors (contamination symptoms, obsessions and checking, symmetry and ordering, and hoarding) to the miscellaneous OCD symptoms. The vast majority of miscellaneous symptoms (17 of the 18 symptoms) were associated with one or more symptoms factors (i.e., contamination symptoms, obsessions and checking, symmetry, and ordering). Hoarding was not related to any miscellaneous symptom. In addition to improving our understanding about the clinical presentation of pediatric OCD, findings also have important assessment (e.g., understanding which miscellaneous symptoms relate to certain dimensions) and treatment implications (e.g., hierarchy development).
A gesture-based authentication scheme for untrusted public terminals

Powerful mobile devices with minimal I/O capabilities increase the likelihood that we will want to annex these devices to I/O resources we encounter in the local environment. This opportunistic annexing will require authentication. We present a sensor-based authentication mechanism for mobile devices that relies on physical possession instead of knowledge to setup the initial connection to a public terminal. Our solution provides a simple mechanism for shaking a device to authenticate with the public infrastructure, making few assumptions about the surrounding infrastructure while also maintaining a reasonable level of security.
Indications of an Unhealthy Relationship Between Parents and Premature Infant

Many complications seen in children born prematurely are related to an unhealthy parent-infant relationship in the early postpartum period. Hospital staff should be on the alert for, and attempt to alter, parental behaviors described here that signal future problems in the parent-child relationship, as well as hospital policies and staff practices that contribute to the development of an unhealthy relationship.
Experimental Evidence of Lubricant Droplet Transfer From Slider to Disk

To enable the smaller slider-disk spacing that is required for the continual increase in data storage density, the interaction between the slider and the lubricant layer must be understood. In this paper, an interesting experimental phenomenon of sudden lubricant droplet transfer from the slider to the disk is reported and investigated. This phenomenon is different from the lubricant moguls and ripples previous researchers have identified. Is it expected that this sudden lubricant drop-off will degrade head-disk spacing and magnetic signal. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanism and the driving conditions so that it can be prevented.
An Improved Scheme for Convective/Stratiform Echo Classification Using Radar Reflectivity

Abstract An improved algorithm for the partitioning of radar reflectivity into convective and stratiform rain classifications has been developed and tested using data from the Houston, Texas, Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler. The algorithm starts with output from the current operational version of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) convective/stratiform classification scheme for the ground-based validation sites and corrects the output based on physical characteristics of convective and stratiform rain diagnosed from the three-dimensional structure of the radar reflectivity field. The modified algorithm improved the performance of echo classification by correcting two main sources of error. Heavy stratiform rain, originally classified as convective, and the periphery of convective cores, originally classified as stratiform, were both reclassified by the modified algorithm. When applied to a large dataset of convective storms comprising squall lines, unorganized convection, and embedded ...