cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disaster curricula in medical education: pilot survey.

Introduction An understanding of disaster medicine and the health care system during mass-casualty events is vital to a successful disaster response, and has been recommended as an integral part of the medical curriculum by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). It has been documented that medical students do not believe that they have received adequate training for responding to disasters. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the inclusion of disaster medicine in the required course work of medical students at AAMC schools in the United States, and to identify the content areas addressed. METHODS: An electronic on-line survey was developed based upon published core competencies for health care workers, and distributed via e-mail to the education liaison for each medical school in the United States that was accredited by the AAMC. The survey included questions regarding the inclusion of disaster medicine in the medical school curricula, the type of instruction, and the content of instruction. RESULTS: Of the 29 (25.2%) medical schools that completed the survey, 31% incorporated disaster medicine into their medical school curricula. Of those schools that included disaster medicine in their curricula, 20.7% offered disaster material as required course work, and 17.2% offered it as elective course work. Disaster medicine topics provided at the highest frequency included pandemic influenza/severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, 27.5%), and principles of triage (10.3%). The disaster health competency included most frequently was the ability to recognize a potential critical event and implement actions at eight (27.5%) of the responding schools. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small percentage of US medical schools currently include disaster medicine in their core curriculum, and even fewer medical schools have incorporated or adopted competency-based training within their disaster medicine lecture topics and curricula. Smith J, Levy MJ, Hsu EB, Levy JL. Disaster curricula in medical education: pilot survey. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(5):1-3. Language: en
Neurological “hard” signs and family history of psychosis in schizophrenia

Abstract Previous research found schizophrenics to have significantly more neurological signs than normal controls, even when signs were screened to exclude possible artifacts, and limited to “hard” signs localizing significance. Schizophrenics with a family history of psychosis also tended to have more neurological signs than those without such a history. The present study examined whether these findings could be confirmed in new samples of schizophrenics and controls, using interview-based DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnoses. Schizophrenics had significantly more hard signs than controls, and schizophrenics with a family history for psychosis again had more signs than those without this history. When present study data were analyzed alone, as well as when pooled with data from previous research using similar methods, hard signs were significantly greater in both (a) schizophrenics versus controls and (b) schizophrenics with versus without a family history of psychosis, supporting the hypothesis that neurological signs reflect a significant etiologic factor in schizophrenia.
Complexes of tetracyanobiimidazole—V. Self-association of Ir(I) complex anions

Abstract The self-association of the planar anion [Ir(CO) 2 Tcbiim] − where H 2 Tcbiim is 4,4′,5,5′-tetracyano-2,2′-biimidazole has been studied in acetontrile solution by analysis of the charge-transfer spectra. At low concentrations (∼ 10 −5 M) monomer units prevail. At intermediate concentrations (∼ 10 −3 M) dimerization is evident and a very strong (e = 18 500 M −1 cm −1 ) new absorption appears at 475 nm. A novel procedure was used to obtain this value and to estimate the equilibrium constant for dimerization, 13.2 M −1 at 24.4°C. From the temperature dependence of the spectra, Δ H is calculated to be −28 to −30 kJ M −1 . At higher concentrations (∼ 10 −2 M) spectral changes consistent with further oligomerization are observed.
Best Practice in Middle-School Science

Using socio-ecological theory, this study explores best practice (educational practices correlated with higher student performance) in middle-school science. Seven schools with consistently higher student performance were compared with three demographically similar, average-performing schools. Best practice included instructional approaches (relevance and engagement, inquiry, differentiated instruction, collaborative work, moderate amounts of homework, and integration of language literacy and science) and administrative practices (nurturing a climate of opportunity to succeed in science, offering professional development based on data and dialogue, engaging teachers in standards-based curriculum revision and alignment, and recruiting the right fit of teacher). It is argued that best practice entails multiple levels of teaching and administrative praxis that together form a school-wide socio-ecological system conducive to higher performance.
Search for superconductivity in Pd-Ag alloys

We have measured low-temperature properties of twelve ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{c}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}$ samples ($0.59\ensuremath{\lesssim}c\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.81$) and find no evidence of superconductivity.
Adjusting for health status in non-linear models of health care disparities

This article compared conceptual and empirical strengths of alternative methods for estimating racial disparities using non-linear models of health care access. Three methods were presented (propensity score, rank and replace, and a combined method) that adjust for health status while allowing SES variables to mediate the relationship between race and access to care. Applying these methods to a nationally representative sample of blacks and non-Hispanic whites surveyed in the 2003 and 2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS), we assessed the concordance of each of these methods with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of racial disparities, and empirically compared the methods’ predicted disparity estimates, the variance of the estimates, and the sensitivity of the estimates to limitations of available data. The rank and replace and combined methods (but not the propensity score method) are concordant with the IOM definition of racial disparities in that each creates a comparison group with the appropriate marginal distributions of health status and SES variables. Predicted disparities and prediction variances were similar for the rank and replace and combined methods, but the rank and replace method was sensitive to limitations on SES information. For all methods, limiting health status information significantly reduced estimates of disparities compared to a more comprehensive dataset. We conclude that the two IOM-concordant methods were similar enough that either could be considered in disparity predictions. In datasets with limited SES information, the combined method is the better choice.
Growth Promoting Effect of Methionine and Vitamin B12 on Chicks

Abstract Vitamin B12 was shown by Ott, Reikes and Wood (1948) to account for most of the vitamin activity obtained from animal protein supplements for high soybean oil meal type rations for chicks. A deficiency of methionine in similar type rations has beeen reported by several laboratories. The basal ration used in the present experiment was: ground yellow corn 55, alfalfa leaf meal 2.25, steamed bone meal 2, salt-manganese mixture 0.75, ground raw Tennessee Ogden soybeans 40, 6,000A-2,000D oil 0.04, and riboflavin 0.0005 percent. Raw Tennessee Ogden Soybean was used as the protein concentrate as previous studies demonstrated that for rapid growth in chicks, supplementary methionine is needed with this protein. The growth response of eight experimental lots (12 chicks per lot) is shown in Table 1. Methionine increased the rate of growth in chicks. Vitamin B12 supplementation gave a growth response similar to methionine. When both were added, the growth . . .
Multi-resolution Layered Coding for Real-Time Image Transmission

We examine the rationale for and systems aspects of using layered coding for the transmission of images and video over heterogeneous communication networks. We advocate multi-resolution layered coding (MLC) and present architectural alternatives that can support it within the scope of existing standards and technologies. Since the premise of layered coding is controlled loss, the issues of error control and concealment are central. We demonstrate that MLC exhibits good error tolerance, effectively compensating for errors in situations where traditional error concealment schemes, based on the interpolation of pixels in adjacent blocks, are ineffective. In particular, MLC yields a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) than two-layer coding when packet loss occurs in the base layer. Finally, we show that MLC can effectively exploit efficient network error control strategies which distribute redundancy non-uniformly and provide unequal levels of protection across layers.
Black Raspberry Extract and Fractions Contain Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Targeted therapies, such as agents that inhibit angiogenesis, offer hope as complementary agents in cancer therapy. Angiogenesis-inhibiting agents have the potential for inhibiting tumor growth and limiting the dissemination of metastasis, thus keeping cancers in a static growth state for prolonged periods. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) extract was discovered to be antiangiogenic (0.1% w/v) in a novel human tissue-based in vitro fibrin clot angiogenesis assay. Assay-guided fractionation of a crude black raspberry extract resulted in a highly potent antiangiogenic fraction that accounted for only 1% of the fresh weight of whole black raspberries. At 0.075% (w/v), the active fraction completely inhibited angiogenic initiation and angiogenic vessel growth. Further subfractionation of this active fraction revealed the coexistence of multiple antiangiogenic compounds, one of which has been identified as gallic acid. However, the individual subfractions did not outperform the active whole fraction. These findings suggest that an active black raspberry fraction may be a promising complementary cancer therapy. It is natural and potent enough for manageable dosing regimens. These extracts contain multiple active ingredients that may be additive or synergistic in their antiangiogenic effects. These observations warrant further investigations in animals and human trials.
Hoover and donovan: the politics of bureaucratic empire building

This article examines the World War II conflict between William J. Donovan, the founder of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and J. Edgar Hoover, the legendary Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Their struggle for control of U.S. foreign intelligence contained the seeds of tension that later arose between the FBI and the CIA. The article explores both their bureaucratic rivalry and their contrasting concepts of intelligence gathering. Bureaucratically, Hoover held the advantage. His political base was far more secure than Donovan's, and he was, therefore, able to protect the FBI from OSS encroachment into domestic intelligence. But in the field of foreign intelligence, Hoover was at a disadvantage. His stress upon fact-finding and exposure differed sharply with Donovan's emphasis upon strategic intelligence, analysis and covert action. Thus, Hoover and the FBI were ill-suited for the complexities of global intelligence. Both men also clashed over such issues as the role of domest...
Eventual AIDS vaccine failure in a rhesus monkey by viral escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Potent virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses elicited by candidate AIDS vaccines have recently been shown to control viral replication and prevent clinical disease progression after pathogenic viral challenges in rhesus monkeys. Here we show that viral escape from CTL recognition can result in the eventual failure of this partial immune protection. Viral mutations that escape from CTL recognition have been previously described in humans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In a cohort of rhesus monkeys that were vaccinated and subsequently infected with a pathogenic hybrid simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), the frequency of viral sequence mutations within CTL epitopes correlated with the level of viral replication. A single nucleotide mutation within an immunodominant Gag CTL epitope in an animal with undetectable plasma viral RNA resulted in viral escape from CTLs, a burst of viral replication, clinical disease progression, and death from AIDS-related complications. These data indicate that viral escape from CTL recognition may be a major limitation of the CTL-based AIDS vaccines that are likely to be administered to large human populations over the next several years.
Induced Fit and the Entropy of Structural Adaptation in the Complexation of CAP and λ-Repressor with Cognate DNA Sequences

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 5 ns on protein-DNA complexes of catabolite-activator protein (CAP), λ-repressor, and their corresponding uncomplexed protein and DNA, are reported. These cases represent two extremes of DNA bending, with CAP DNA bent severely and the λ-operator nearly straight when complexed with protein. The calculations were performed using the AMBER suite of programs and the parm94 force field, validated for these studies by good agreement with experimental nuclear magnetic resonance data on DNA. An explicit computational model of structural adaptation and computation of the quasiharmonic entropy of association were obtained from the MD. The results indicate that, with respect to canonical B-form DNA, the extreme bending of the DNA in the complex with CAP is ∼60% protein-induced and 40% intrinsic to the sequence-dependent structure of the free oligomer. The DNA in the complex is an energetically strained form, and the MD results are consistent with a conformational-capture mechanism. The calculated quasiharmonic entropy change accounts for the entropy difference between the two cases. The calculated entropy was decomposed into contributions from protein adaptation, DNA adaptation, and protein-DNA structural correlations. The origin of the entropy difference between CAP and λ-repressor complexation arises more from the additional protein adaptation in the case of λ, than to DNA bending and entropy contribution from DNA bending. The entropy arising from protein DNA cross-correlations, a contribution not previously discussed, is surprisingly large.
The Role of Religious Beliefs and Behaviors in Predicting Underage Alcohol Use

Religious beliefs have consistently emerged as significantly and inversely related to alcohol use. This article seeks further understanding of this relationship by exploring the role of religious behaviors in this relationship in three ways. First, we aim to determine whether the relationship between religious beliefs and alcohol use differs with regard to frequency of participation in religious behaviors. Next, we seek to explore the role of religious behavior as a moderator of the relationship between religious beliefs and alcohol use. We find support for the hypothesis that individuals who possess strong religious beliefs but do not frequently take part in religious practices (e.g., attend services, engage in prayer) would report more frequent alcohol use than those who profess similar beliefs but more frequently participate in religious practices.
Targeted histone H4 acetylation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase- and p70s6-kinase-dependent pathways inhibits iNOS induction in mesangial cells.

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene plays an important role in the response to and propagation of injury in glomerular mesangial cells. Although several cis and trans regulatory factors...
Well-posedness of the equations of a non-homogeneous perfect fluid

The Euler equations for a non-homogeneous, non-viscous compressible fluid are shown to be well-posed for a short time interval, using techniques of infinite dimensional geometry and a weighted Hodge theorem. Regularity and other properties of these solutions are pointed out as well.
Digital to analog conversion based on processing of the SFQ pulses

Two novel circuits of DC voltage multipliers have been designed, fabricated using a 3.5 mu m 1000 A/cm/sup 2/ niobium trilayer technology, and successfully tested at low frequencies. A novel primary digital-to-analog (D/A) converter based on the processing of single-flux-quantum (SFQ) pulses has been suggested. The performance of analog-to-digital (A/D) converters combined from such primary D/A converters and voltage multipliers is discussed. >
Screening for Psychosocial Dysfunction in Pediatric Dermatology Practice

The Pediatric Symptom Checklist, a brief psychosocial screening questionnaire, was used in a multi-center study of pediatric dermatology clinics (n=377). Overall rates of positive screening indicated that approximately 13% of patients screened positive, a rate similar to findings in primary care pediatric settings. Examining the sample in greater detail demonstrated that children whose dermatologic disorder is perceived to have a greater impact on their appearance are at higher risk for psychosocial dysfunction.
Cooperative distributed scheduling for ATS-based broadband networks

A proactive distributed cooperative control algorithm for resource scheduling of broadband networks based on asynchronous time sharing is presented. The problem setting for distributed, cooperative proactive scheduling is described. An overview of the distributed cooperative algorithm is presented. The general control principles underlying the effectiveness of the cooperative algorithm are discussed. The formal details of the distributed cooperative algorithm and its underlying single noise scheduling algorithm are considered. Simulation results comparing the distributed cooperative algorithm with other networkwide scheduling algorithms are reported. >
PS2-11: Impact of a Health Information Technology (HIT) Based Intervention to Improve Adherence to Cardiovascular Disease Medications: Early Results from the PATIENT Trial

Background/Aims Adherence to certain effective and widely prescribed cardiovascular (CVD) medications is poor. The purpose of this analysis is to demonstrate the effective implementation of a cost-effective and easily disseminable population-level HIT adherence intervention.
Information survivability control systems

We address the dependence of critical infrastructures-including electric power, telecommunications, finance and transportation-on vulnerable information systems. Our approach is based on the notion of control systems. We envision hierarchical, adaptive, multiple model, discrete state distributed control systems to monitor infrastructure information systems and respond to disruptions (e.g., security attacks) by changing operating modes and design configurations to minimize loss of utility. To explore and evaluate our approach, we have developed a toolkit for building distributed dynamic models of infrastructure information systems. We used this toolkit to build a model of a simple subset of the United States payment system and a control system for this model information system.
Observable effect of curvature on super-radiant states

Super-radiant states have properties that make them particularly suitable for experiments to test the effects of gravitational curvature on the quantized electromagnetic field.
Formulation, realization, and demonstration of a process to generate aerodynamic metamodels for hypersonic cruise vehicle design

Presented at the 5th World Aviation Congress and Exposition, San Diego, CA, October 10-12, 2000.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Red Ginseng against Influenza A Virus Infection

Ginseng herbal medicine has been known to have beneficial effects on improving human health. We investigated whether red ginseng extract (RGE) has preventive effects on influenza A virus infection in vivo and in vitro. RGE was found to improve survival of human lung epithelial cells upon influenza virus infection. Also, RGE treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-8) probably in part through interference with the formation of reactive oxygen species by influenza A virus infection. Long-term oral administration of mice with RGE showed multiple immunomodulatory effects such as stimulating antiviral cytokine IFN-γ production after influenza A virus infection. In addition, RGE administration in mice inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the bronchial lumens. Therefore, RGE might have the potential beneficial effects on preventing influenza A virus infections via its multiple immunomodulatory functions.
Ultrasound guidance during central venous catheterization: a survey of use by house staff physicians.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study is to explore the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of house staff physicians regarding the use of ultrasound guidance (UG) during central venous catheter placement (CP). Materials and Methods A questionnaire-based study was used to survey house staff in multiple training programs at an academic tertiary care center. Results Fifteen percent of the respondents reported using UG on at least 60% of CP attempts. Those house staff physicians who agreed that UG is faster, easier, and more convenient than the landmark method reported more frequent use. Agreement that UG reduces the number of mechanical complications and placement failures was also associated with increased use. Respondents reporting the most CP experience were least likely to use UG. Most agreed that UG is useful in patients without good landmarks or when the landmark method failed, but these attitudes were not associated with the frequency of UG use. Most respondents were not aware of controlled trials demonstrating the benefits of UG. Conclusions The use of UG during CP is infrequent despite the demonstrated benefits of this technology. Multiple knowledge and attitudinal barriers to the greater use of UG during CP must be addressed in the design of an effective UG implementation strategy.
FUNGAL PATHOGEN CAUSES COMPETITIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STRESS IN LARVAL AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITIES

Ecologists increasingly recognize pathogens as playing significant roles in community dynamics, yet few experimental studies have documented patterns of disease impacts on natural systems. We studied the effects of a pathogenic fungus (Batrachochy- trium dendrobatidis) on community interactions between two sympatric North American anurans: Fowler's toad, Bufofowleri, and the gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis. Recent studies have identified chytridiomycosis as an emerging infectious disease, whose widespread oc- currence poses a significant risk for amphibian populations. We manipulated the presence of B. dendrobatidis in replicated experimental tanks and examined if exposure to this fungus during development could influence recruitment and competitive interactions between larval Bufo and Hyla. Tanks were followed throughout larval development, and we recorded survival, time to metamorphosis, and body mass at metamorphosis. We also tested the effects of competitive and pathogen-mediated stress on developmental stability by mea- suring fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of surviving metamorphs. B. dendrobatidis had no sig- nificant effect on larval survival, but the pathogen reduced metamorphic body mass and increased larval-period length. B. dendrobatidis had different effects on larval growth depending on the community structure; in the presence of the pathogen, both Bufo and Hyla metamorphosed at smaller body masses when reared together compared to when reared separately. Bufo also had strong negative effects on Hyla development, but only in the presence of B. dendrobatidis. FA of hind-limb length was significantly higher for meta- morphs from pathogen tanks, but was not associated with density or competitive environ- ment. Our results suggest that chytridiomycosis may impact Bufo and Hyla directly by reducing life-history performance and increasing developmental instability, and indirectly by inducing interspecific competitive effects in mixed-species environments.
Recursive filtering and smoothing for discrete index gaussian reciprocal processes

We study minimum mean square error (mmse) estimation problems for discrete index Gaussian reciprocal processes (Grp's) (or boundary valued processes) with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our contributions are: 1) deriving first order white noise driven representations from second order correlated noise driven representations; 2) deriving Kalman like recursive filtering equations for discrete index Grp's; and 3) deriving recursive smoothing equations for discrete index Grp's. Unlike previous work, our approach uses forward and backwards recursive representations for the Grp and leads to lower dimensional recursive filters and smoothers.
Cell-specific β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in cultures and field populations of eukaryotic marine phytoplankton

It is widely appreciated that eukaryotic marine phytoplankton can hydrolyze a variety of compounds within the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in marine environments. Herein, cultures and field populations of marine phytoplankton were assayed for β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, a terminal enzyme of chitin degradation. A traditional bulk assay, which can assess hydrolytic rate, but is not cell-specific, was complemented with a cell-specific assay that images the activity associated with single cells using an enzyme labeled fluorescence (ELF) substrate. β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was widespread across various taxa of marine phytoplankton, and activity was observed both under controlled culture conditions and in field populations. The number of cells with enzyme activity varied with the nutritional physiology of the test species in three of the 17 cultures tested. In these three cases the number of cells with activity in the low nutrient medium was higher than in nutrient replete medium. Taken together, these data suggest that a broad group of marine phytoplankton may be a relevant part of chitin-like DOM degradation and should be incorporated into conceptual models of chitin cycling in marine systems.
New adaptive protocols for fine-level end-to-end rate control in wireless networks

Fine-level rate control, particularly meeting rate requirements and differentiating various types of end-to-end traffic, remains an open problem for multihop wireless networks. Traditionally, rate assurance in wired networks is achieved through resource reservation and admission control, which can be efficiently implemented since the bandwidth capacity of each communication link is known and the sender of a link has the information of all flows that compete for the bandwidth of the link. In a wireless network, however, the capacity of each wireless link can change unpredictably over time due to contention from nearby links and dynamic channel conditions. An end-to-end flow consumes available bandwidth not only at links on its route but also at all nearby contending links, which makes resource reservation extremely complicated. We believe fundamental differences require a fundamentally different paradigm shift in solutions. Is there a simpler alternative to resource reservation and admission control that is better suited for wireless network dynamics? In this paper, we propose a new adaptive rate control function based on two novel protocols, called dynamic weight adaptation with floor and ceiling and proportional packet scheduling, which together implement prioritized rate assurance and sophisticated bandwidth differentiation among all end-to-end flows in a multihop wireless network without resource reservation and admission control. The adaptive function achieves global rate control objectives in a fully distributed way using only localized operations.
Answering why and why not questions in user interfaces

Modern applications such as Microsoft Word have many automatic features and hidden dependencies that are frequently helpful but can be mysterious to both novice and expert users. The ""Crystal"" application framework provides an architecture and interaction techniques that allow programmers to create applications that let the user ask a wide variety of questions about why things did and did not happen, and how to use the related features of the application without using natural language. A user can point to an object or a blank space and get a popup list of questions about it, or the user can ask about recent actions from a temporal list. Parts of a text editor were implemented to show that these techniques are feasible, and a user test suggests that they are helpful and well-liked.
Identifying team behavioural mindset to improve consensus decision

In this paper, we conjecture and investigate five possible behavioural mindsets exhibited in a team decision making process involving resource allocation. We use a case example that involves a College of Business Administration allocating budget to its five departments to examine the fit of real data to the five mathematical models we have constructed. We are able to identify the ‘best-fit’ behavioural mindset exhibited by the players in their team decision-making process. We then apply the benchmarking framework to examine the efficacy of this ‘best-fit’ model. The insights gained help us propose a framework serving as standards that top management can use to facilitate, influence or direct the team to reach a collective decision that can improve services in a sustainable manner.
Influence of Culture Conditions and Medium Composition on the Production of Cellulose by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Cells

Culture conditions favoring cellulose production by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli included a 28°C incubation temperature, an aerobic atmosphere, and the presence of 2% ethanol in Luria-Bertani no-salt agar with pH 6.0 and a water activity of 0.99. These findings will assist in formulating microbiological media useful for cellulose and biofilm research.
Heuristically guided search and chromosome matching

Abstract Heuristically guided search is a technique which systematically takes into account information from the problem domain for directing the search. The problem is to find the shortest path in a weighted graph from a start vertex V a to a goal vertex V z : For every intermediate vertex, an estimate is available of the distance to V z . If this estimate satisfies a consistency assumption, an algorithm by Hart, Nilsson, and Raphael is guaranteed to find the optimum, looking at the priori minimum number of vertices. In this paper, a version of the algorithm mentioned above is presented which is guaranteed to succeed with the minimum amount of storage. An application of this technique to the chromosome matching problem is then shown. Matching is the last stage of automatic chromosome analysis procedures, and can also solve ambiguities in the classification stage. Some peculiarities of this kind of data suggest the use of a heuristically guided search algorithm instead of the standard Edmonds' algorithm. The method that we obtain in this way is proved to exploit the clustering of chromosome data: A linear-quadratic dependence on the number of chromosomes is obtained for perfectly clustered data. Finally, some experimental results are given.
Mixed Metal Oxide Synthesis by Thermolyses of Simple Heteropolymetallic Precursors in Oxygen

Stepwise transmetalation of the neutral molecular target (μ4-O)N4 Cu4 C16(N is a monodentate pyridine) with M(NS)n transmealators (NS is a monanionic S-methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate ligand, M is Co (n = 2 or 3), Ni or Zn (n = 2)) in aprotic solvents gives a large family of heteropolymetallic products (μ4 - O)N4 (Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)4 C16 that contain from one to four different metals. Thermolysis of these solid products in flowing O2 at 220–250°C gives uniform, highly dispersed mixtures of the respective metal oxides. For example, thermolysis of bulk precursor (μ4-O)N4 CoNiCuZnCl6 gives a uniform mixture of 1–2° particles of Co3 O4, NiO, CuO and ZnO.
Implementation fidelity of packaged teen smoking cessation treatments delivered in community-based settings

Efficacious ‘packaged’ teen smoking cessation treatment programs, those developed by national organizations, are widely disseminated to local communities to help teens quit smoking. The implementation fidelity of these programs in community settings has not been documented. The efficacy of these programs could be lessened if they are not implemented as intended. Data from Helping Young Smokers Quit describe the frequency and types of modifications made to packaged teen cessation treatment programs for community delivery. A national sample of 591 community-based teen tobacco cessation treatment programs was profiled and 59% used a single packaged treatment program. Bivariate analyses found that 63% of program administrators reported implementing their program as planned; 37% modified their selected program. The most frequently reported modifications were made to the length and format of the program. Of those who modified their programs, >90% reported multiple program modifications (e.g. length and content). Administrators modified their programs to accommodate implementation barriers, such as time constraints and low participant enrollment, and to address the needs of participants with multiple risk behaviors that are co-morbid with tobacco use.
Family Transmission and Heritability of Externalizing Disorders: A Twin-Family Study

Background Antisocial behavior and substance dependence disorders exact a heavy financial and human cost on society. A better understanding of the mechanisms of familial transmission for these "externalizing" disorders is necessary to better understand their etiology and to help develop intervention strategies. Objectives To determine the extent to which the family transmission of externalizing disorders is due to a general vs a disorder-specific vulnerability and, owing to the genetically informative nature of our data, to estimate the heritable vs environmental nature of these transmission effects. Design We used structural equation modeling to simultaneously estimate the general and specific transmission effects of 4 externalizing disorders: conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Setting Participants were recruited from the community and were interviewed in a university laboratory. Participants The sample consisted of 542 families participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. All families included 17-year-old twins and their biological mother and father. Main Outcome Measures Symptom counts of conduct disorder, the adult criteria for antisocial personality disorder, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Results Transmission of a general vulnerability to all the externalizing disorders accounted for most familial resemblance. This general vulnerability was highly heritable ( h 2 = 0.80). Disorder-specific vulnerabilities were also detected for conduct disorder, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Conclusions The mechanism underlying the familial transmission of externalizing disorders is primarily a highly heritable general vulnerability. This general vulnerability or common risk factor should be the focus of research regarding the etiology and treatment of externalizing disorders.
Organic light-emitting diodes on shape memory polymer substrates for wearable electronics

Abstract Green electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with inverted top-emitting structures are demonstrated on bio-compatible shape memory polymer (SMP) substrates for wearable electronic applications. The combination of the unique properties of SMP substrates with the light-emitting properties of OLEDs pave to the way for new applications, including conformable smart skin devices, minimally invasive biomedical devices, and flexible lighting/display technologies. In this work, SMPs were designed to exhibit a considerable drop in modulus when a thermal stimulus is applied, allowing the devices to bend and conform to new shapes when its glass transition temperature is reached. These SMP substrates were synthesized using 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATATO), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMTMP), and tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decanedimethanol diacrylate (TCMDA), and show a low glass transition temperature of 43 °C, as measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The OLEDs fabricated on these substrates exhibit high performance with a maximum efficacy of 33 cd/A measured at a luminance of 1000 cd/m2, and a peak luminance of over 30,000 cd/m2.
Unifying Sequenced and Non-sequenced Semantics

Sequenced and nonsequenced semantics were introduced as different semantics for the evaluation of an operation in a temporal database such as a query or data modification. In this paper we present a new framework that shows both semantics are variants of a general temporal semantics. Our framework uses tuple lineage to track tuples through operations. We present the general semantics and show additional semantics that can be realized. We also show how the semantics can be woven into an operation using annotations.
The Soviet Union's Archival Research Center: Observations of an American Visitor

warrant careful study by American archivists. Their educational programs are among their most readily apparent accomplishments, especially to American visitors acutely conscious of our deficiencies in this area. Archival research programs are less conspicuous and more difficult to describe, but in this area, too, Soviet archivists have been leaders. The institution they have built to address archival research problems is unlike anything we have in the United States and far surpasses in size and scope any of our archival research centers.
Transforming Art Education into Visual Culture Education Through Rhizomatic Structures

Believing that art teachers need specific models to transform their classroom practice to include the concept and practice of visual culture, the author offers many examples drawn from available literature as well as his own teaching experience. Many cases of classroom curriculum dealing with popular culture topics are introduced, along with what teachers report as benefits. The author then describes one aspect of his own evolution as a teacher of K-12 art teacher preparation courses in the United States that introduce practical activities related to the superordinate structure of visual culture, which is rhizomatic.
Littner's Holocaust Memoir and its Mistaken Reception as Fiction

A true-to-to-fact Holocaust memoir from Eastern Galicia was passed off by 'author'/editor, publisher, and critics as purely fictional account by a non-Jewish novelist.
Lymph Node Yield as a Predictor of Survival in Pathologically Node Negative Oral Cavity Carcinoma.

ObjectiveEven after a pathologically node-negative (pN0) neck dissection for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), patients may develop regional recurrence. In this study, we (1) hypothesize that an increased number of lymph nodes removed (lymph node yield) in patients with pN0 oral SCC predicts improved survival and (2) explore predictors of survival in these patients using a multivariable model.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAdministrative database analysis.Subjects and MethodsThe SEER database was queried for patients diagnosed with all-stage oral cavity SCC between 1988 and 2009 who were determined to be pN0 after elective lymph node dissection. Demographic and treatment variables were extracted. The association of lymph node yield with 5-year all-cause survival was studied with multivariable survival analyses.ResultsA total of 4341 patients with pN0 oral SCC were included in this study. The 2 highest lymph node yield quartiles (representing >22 nodes removed) were found to be s...
Preliminary feasibility study of cooperative navigation of underwater vehicles with range and range-rate observations

This paper reports a preliminary feasibility study of a method for combined underwater communication and navigation of underwater vehicles (cooperative navigation) in which synchronous-clock modems are employed to measure both range and range rate on every acoustic data transmission. Few previously reported studies have utilized acoustic range rate in addition to acoustic range for the general navigation of underwater vehicles. This paper reports an observation model for range-rate measurements and preliminary anecdotal simulation studies for cooperative navigation of one underwater vehicle client with one surface vehicle server employing both range and range-rate observations to estimate the vehicle states with a delayed-state extended Kalman filter. In the simulation studies presented, the underwater vehicle is equipped with Doppler sonar navigation, attitude, and depth sensors, and the surface vehicle is equipped with a GPS. The preliminary studies suggest that the addition of range-rate measurements may not significantly improve the filter's estimate of the client's state over the case of range-only observations. The present study is very preliminary, however, and directions for future study are suggested.
Amblyseius Mites from Hawaii

Eighteen species of Amblyseius mites (Phytoseiidae) are reported from Hawaii. Only 2 species were recorded earlier from this area. The species of Amblyseius reported are: coniferus, n. sp., eucalypterus, n. sp., haleakalus, n. sp., haramotoi, n. sp., largoensis (Muma), limonicus Garman & McGregor, longispinosus (Evans), mauiensis, n. sp., mexicanus (Garman), mumai (Denmark), neolargoensis Van der Merwe, oahuensis, n. sp., ovalis (Evans), ovatus (Garman), peregrinus (Muma), rhabdus Denmark, scyphus Schuster & Pritchard, and volcanus, n. sp.
Effect of the Support on the Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity of Cobalt Oxide Nanoclusters

Oxygen evolution from water driven by visible light is one of the key reactions for solar fuel production. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the support on photocatalytic water oxidation under visible light using cobalt oxide as a multielectron catalyst. A range of supported Co3O4 nanoclusters have been successfully synthesized via wet impregnation and bisolvent methods. Compared with the wet impregnation approach, the bisolvent method allowed us to obtain a high quality catalyst with all the Co3O4 nanoclusters formed inside the mesoporous support using hexane/water as the combination. The resulting catalyst consists of Co3O4 nanoclusters with a very small particle size (∼25 nm) and narrow size distribution. Catalytic water oxidation experiments were performed in [Ru(bpy)3]2+-persulfate (photochemical) and Ce4+/Ce3+ (chemical) systems, and it was found that smaller Co3O4 cluster sizes resulted in higher water oxidation activity. In addition, KIT-6 was found to be a better support than SBA-15, w...
Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy boost and weekly paclitaxel in malignant gliomas clinical and pharmacokinetics results

Management of Malignant Gliomas continues to be a challenge. We prospectively studied the role of adding weekly Paclitaxel to Fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (FSRT) in the treatment of Malignant Gliomas. Twenty-three Glioblastoma Multiforme and two Anaplastic Astrocytoma were studied. Patients received 46 Gy at 2 Gy/fraction followed by a boost utilizing FSRT at a fraction of 2.5 Gy for 8 fractions. Paclitaxel is delivered concomitantly at 150 mg/m 2 weekly for six cycles. Eighteen patients had pharmacokinetic assays of Paclitaxel levels. All patients were followed until death or for a maximum of 36 months. The overall survival of the whole group was 14 months. The median survival for RPA prognostic classes III, IV, V, and VI were 20, 14, 12, and 11 months. Higher survival (14 months) was noted in the subtherapeutic phenytoin level group compared to 10 months in the therapeutic group (P=0.271). No grade 4 CTCAE (version 3.0) toxicities were observed. Enhanced survival was demonstrated with gross tumor resection (20.8 months), KPS ≥80 (18.7 months) and age ≤60 years (27 months) as compared to subtotal resection or biopsy (12.1 months, P 60 (10.46 months, P=0.006), respectively. Our study suggests that: i) the use of weekly Paclitaxel and FSRT in Gliomas is well tolerated with a survival of 14 months; ii) the regimen resulted in improvement of survival of RPA classes IV, V, VI; and iii) the use of FSRT boost may be studied with other chemotherapeutic agents to see if superior results can be attained.
On QUD-based licensing of strict and sloppy ambiguities

According to standard theories of VP-ellipsis, possible readings are determined by constraints (syntactic, semantic, discoursal) that apply jointly to the antecedent and ellipsis clauses. Drawing on insights from a number of previous authors, I present two arguments for a model in which VP-ellipsis meanings are crucially dependent on the operative (and often implicitly resolved) question-under-discussion (QUD; Roberts 1998/2012), specifically requiring that the meaning of an ellipsis clause be a member of the QUD's alternative set.
Clinical versus subclinical varicocele: improvement in fertility after varicocelectomy.

Objective To assess the fertility after varicocelectomy in men with subclinical varicocele. Design We define subclinical varicocele as the varicocele detected by Doppler examination of the scrotum, in which no varicocele was found on clinical examination. Varicocelectomy was performed on subclinical varicocele, and fertility was assessed. Setting We reviewed the records of 54 men who underwent unilateral varicocelectomy at the Department of Urology, Wayne State University, between 1986 and 1987. Patients Records of 54 men were analyzed. Thirty-eight (70%) of the varicocele were diagnosed clinically (confirmed by Doppler examination) in group 1. In 16 (30%) men, the varicocele was diagnosed by Doppler examination only, with no varicocele detectable clinically, subclinical varicocele (group 2). Results Spermiograms improved in 76% of the patients in group 1 and in 81% of the patients in group 2. Fertility was assessed after 2 years of varicocelectomy. Eighteen (47%) of 38 patients in group 1 and 8 (50%) of 16 men in group 2 managed to impregnate their partners. Statistical analysis by χ 2 shows similar improvement in fertility potential between the two groups ( P = 0.86). Multivariate repeated measure analysis showed significant improvement in sperm density ( P = 0.0006) and sperm morphology ( P = 0.0016) after varicocelectomy. Conclusions These data suggest that varicocelectomy, in infertile men with subclinical varicocele, leads to fertility in 50% of the patient population as compared with 47% in clinical varicocele group. We suggest that the use of sophisticated, noninvasive techniques such as Doppler may have a place in the management of male infertility to detect subclinical varicocele.
Exponential and logarithmic functions

All of the functions we have considered so far have been algebraic functions. An algebraic function is a function involving only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, powers, and extraction of roots of expressions of the form a·x n , where a and n are real constants. Any function that is not algebraic is called a transcendental function. In this chapter, we will consider two important classes of transcendental functions, the exponential and logarithmic functions, as well as some applications of each.