cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Numerical Analyses of Acoustophoresis Phenomena in Microfluidic Channel With Microparticle-Suspended, Viscous, Moving Fluid Medium

Microfluidic, acoustophoretic separation of cells and microparticles has gained significant interest since it can offer a high-throughput, high-efficient, label-free, continuous separation. However, the designs of state-of-the-art, acoustophoretic separation devices have been mainly derived from a simplistic, one-dimensional (1-D), analytical acoustic model in a “static” fluid medium. Therefore, it is not possible to consider the effects of 2-D or 3-D geometries, “moving” fluid media, and viscous boundary layers that can significantly influence cell/microparticle motions in reality. Here, a 2-D numerical modeling procedure for analyzing the acoustophoretic microparticle motion in microfluidic channels is presented to address the aforementioned deficiencies. Here, the mass and momentum conservation equations and the state equation are decomposed into zeroth-, first-, and second-order governing equations by using a perturbation method. Then, zeroth-, first-, and second-order acoustic pressures are calculated by applying a sixth-order finite difference method to the decomposed governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions under an acoustic excitation. In particular, non-reflective boundary conditions are derived for the first- and second-order governing equations and applied at the ends of a microchannel. The acoustophoretic force calculated by integrating the acoustic pressure over the surface of a rigid microparticle along with viscous drag force is then applied to the Newton’s equation of motion to analyze the acoustophoretic motion of the microparticle. By comparing numerical and 1-D analytical microparticle motions, the proposed numerical modeling procedure is validated for a 1-D plane-wave-like excitation case. It is also shown that numerically-predicted microparticle behavior is quite different from that of the 1-D analytical model for a 2-D acoustic excitation case in a realistic microchannel. Additionally, the effects of the microparticle’s size and density on its acoustophoretic motions are studied.
Chemistry on monolayer metallic films

Abstract The chemical behavior of monolayer coverages of one metal on the surface of another, e.g., Ni/W, Fe/W, Pd/W, Cu/Re, Ni/Mo, etc., has recently been shown to be dramatically different from that seen for either of the metallic components separately. These chemical alterations, which modify the chemisorption and catalytic properties of the overlayers, have, in certain cases, been correlated with changes in the structural and electronic properties of the bimetallic system. Representative studies are reviewed and discussed as to their relevance to the special properties observed for certain bimetallic catalysts.
Efficient event stream processing: handling ambiguous events and patterns with negation

Event stream processing, where we detect patterns on incoming event streams, has tremendous value in early determination of critical conditions, enabling on-time response for several important applications. Event stream processing has two significant differences from prior work on XML/relational stream processing: ambiguous events, where an event can match multiple query symbols/conditions in the pattern; and negation, used in event stream processing patterns to specify the non-occurrence of a pattern. In this paper, we develop a formal framework to define the semantics of event patterns, including negation, and describe how to construct a deterministic finite state automaton even in the presence of ambiguous events. Using our framework, we can construct an efficient deterministic finite state automaton for detecting patterns with any complex nesting of negations over an event stream which may have ambiguous events. Our preliminary experimental studies illustrate the significant benefits of our approach to existing approaches.
2008 APSA Teaching and Learning Track Summaries—Track Seven: Core Curriculum/General Education

The Core Curriculum/General Education track comprised a wide range of institutions, different areas of expertise, and levels of teaching. Institutions represented were both private and public, and four year colleges and community colleges. Participants were made up of seasoned and experienced teachers, novice teachers, and graduate students. Presenters described their innovative teaching techniques and how they could be effectively employed both inside and outside the classroom. Presentations gave rise to the discussion of various teaching methods and how to tailor the techniques to fit specific needs. In the ensuing discussion one thing became apparent. The goal of the successful teacher is to engage students in a number of ways.
Synthetic Lethality of Drosophila in the Absence of the MUS81 Endonuclease and the DmBlm Helicase Is Associated With Elevated Apoptosis

Mus81-Mms4 (Mus81-Eme1 in some species) is a heterodimeric DNA structure-specific endonuclease that has been implicated in meiotic recombination and processing of damaged replication forks in fungi. We generated and characterized mutations in Drosophila melanogaster mus81 and mms4. Unlike the case in fungi, we did not find any role for MUS81-MMS4 in meiotic crossing over. A possible role for this endonuclease in repairing double-strand breaks that arise during DNA replication is suggested by the finding that mus81 and mms4 mutants are hypersensitive to camptothecin; however, these mutants are not hypersensitive to other agents that generate lesions that slow or block DNA replication. In fungi, mus81, mms4, and eme1 mutations are synthetically lethal with mutations in genes encoding RecQ helicase homologs. Similarly, we found that mutations in Drosophila mus81 and mms4 are synthetically lethal with null mutations in mus309, which encodes the ortholog of the Bloom Syndrome helicase. Synthetic lethality is associated with high levels of apoptosis in proliferating tissues. Lethality and elevated apoptosis were partially suppressed by a mutation in spn-A, which encodes the ortholog of the strand invasion protein Rad51. These findings provide insights into the causes of synthetic lethality.
Comparison of health-related quality of life preferences between physicians and cirrhotic patients: implications for cost-utility analyses in chronic liver disease.

Accurate assessment of utilities to calculate quality-adjusted life expectancy for medical interventions is needed in cirrhosis. To date, limited data exist in cirrhotics and are generally physician-assigned. Therefore, our aim was to determine utilities for six clinical scenarios in cirrhosis and to define if differences exist in utilities assigned by physicians versus patients. We administered a questionnaire to 83 physicians and 114 cirrhotics to obtain utilities using the time trade-off method for (1) compensated cirrhosis, (2) decompensated cirrhosis, (3) encephalopathy, (4) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, (5) variceal bleeding, and (5) hepatocellular carcinoma. On a scale from 0 (death) to 1 (perfect health), mean utilities of physicians and patients were compared using the Student t test. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the utilities between patients according to Child–Pugh class. Statistical significance was defined as a P value <0.05. The mean age of the physicians was 42±11, with 52% being male. The mean age of the patients was 52±9; with 59% male. The mean Child–Pugh score was 8±2 and HCV was the most common etiology (54%). The mean utilities for physicians and patients were as follows: CC, 0.78 vs. 0.88; DC, 0.55 vs. 0.74; E, 0.38 vs. 0.55; SBP, 0.33 vs. 0.45; VB, 0.27 vs. 0.40; and HCC, 0.19 vs. 0.30. All comparisons were statistically significant. Although physicians and patients assigned similar relative rankings to each health state, physicians assigned utilities were significantly different from those assigned by patients. These results suggest that studies that have used physician-assigned utilities do not accurately reflect patient preferences.
Leukocyte dependence of platelet adhesion in postcapillary venules.

Reperfusion of ischemic tissues results in development of a proinflammatory, prothrombogenic phenotype, culminating in the recruitment of leukocytes and platelets within postcapillary venules. Rece...
Intraoperative evaluation of renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study of the role of ultrasonography and histopathological frozen sections.

AbstractPurpose: Nephron sparing surgery is being performed increasingly for treatment of renal cell carcinoma, including in select patients with a normal contralateral kidney. The number of tumors in the involved kidney (single versus multiple) and presence or absence of perinephric fat involvement (pathological stage T1 to 2 versus T3A) are important prognostic factors. In a prospective study we evaluated the accuracy of intraoperative histopathological frozen section analysis of renal capsular biopsies for assessing local tumor stage, and the accuracy of intraoperative ultrasonography for assessing tumor focality.Materials and Methods: Intraoperative frozen section biopsies and ultrasonography were compared with information obtained from preoperative computerized tomography (CT), intraoperative inspection of the kidney by the surgeon and permanent histopathological specimens.Results: We evaluated 99 patients (102 kidneys) with localized solid renal masses undergoing either radical nephrectomy (48) or n...
The Nuclear DNA Base 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Present in Purkinje Neurons and the Brain

Despite the importance of epigenetic regulation in neurological disorders, little is known about neuronal chromatin. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons have large and euchromatic nuclei, whereas granule cell nuclei are small and have a more typical heterochromatin distribution. While comparing the abundance of 5-methylcytosine in Purkinje and granule cell nuclei, we detected the presence of an unusual DNA nucleotide. Using thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we identified the nucleotide as 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (hmdC). hmdC constitutes 0.6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells, 0.2% in granule cells, and is not present in cancer cell lines. hmdC is a constituent of nuclear DNA that is highly abundant in the brain, suggesting a role in epigenetic control of neuronal function.
Synthesis of zero input limit cycle free networks

A method to synthesize digital filter structures free from zero-input limit-cycles is presented, based on the use of structurally bounded real realizations. A time-varying model is used for the network, allowing the analysis of zero-input granularity and overflow oscillations. Simple extensions to forced overflow situations are discussed. The method is illustrated for lower order networks. >
Chicoric acid found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves

This is the first report to identify the presence of chicoric acid (cichoric acid; also known as dicaffeoyltartaric acid, which is a caffeic acid derivatized with tartaric acid) in basil leaves. Rosmarinic acid, chicoric acid and caftaric acid (in the order of most abundant to least; all derivatives of caffeic acid) were identified in fresh basil leaves. Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic compound found in both leaves and stems. Chicoric acid was not detected in sweet basil stems, although a small amount was present in Thai basil stems. Other cinnamic acid monomers, dimers and trimers were also found in minor quantities in both stems and leaves. Basil polyphenolic contents were determined by blanched methanol extraction, followed by HPLC/ DAD analysis. The characterization of the polyphenolics found in the basil extracts were performed by HPLC/DAD/ESI–MS/MS and co-chromatographed with purchased standard. The influence of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices, on plant phenolic composition was studied on two basil cultivars,‘Genovese Italian’ and ‘Purple Petra’. Inoculation with AMF increased total anthocyanin concentration of ‘Purple Petra’ but did not alter polyphenolic content or profile of leaves and stems, of either cultivar, compared to non-inoculated plants. In the US diet, basil presents a more accessible source of chicoric acid than does Echinacea purpurea, in which it is the major phenolic compound. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Phenylalanine levels of 6‐10mg/dl may not be as benign as once thought

Results of a longitudinal study of children treated early and continuously for phenylketonuria (PKU) indicated that those children whose plasma phenylalanine (Phe) levels were approximately 3-5 times normal (6-10 mg/dl; levels previously considered safe in the US) were impaired in cognitive functions dependent on prefrontal cortex. In particular, the children had difficulty when required to hold information in the mind and, at the same time, exercise inhibitory control to resist doing what might be their first inclination. The deficits were evident in relation to each of several comparison groups and at all three age ranges (infants, toddlers and young children). The deficits appeared to be selective in that the same children who were impaired on the prefrontal cortex tests performed normally on the control tests. Since most of the control tasks tap functions dependent on parietal cortex or the medial temporal lobe, these results suggest that those functions are spared. To investigate the biological mechanism causing these cognitive deficits, we created an animal model of early-treated PKU. The results indicated that rats whose plasma Phe levels were mildly, but chronically, elevated had cognitive deficits (impaired performance on a behavioral task dependent on frontal cortex (delayed alternation)) and neurochemical changes (most notably, reduced dopamine metabolism in frontal cortex).
The relationship between perceived service quality and patient willingness to recommend at a national oncology hospital network

"Willingness to recommend" questions are being increasingly used to measure and manage patient loyalty. Yet, there is little data in the literature correlating the "willingness to recommend" question with commonly used perceived service quality items in surveys to identify the key drivers of the optimal patient experience. We therefore evaluated the relationship between perceived service quality and subsequent single top box "willingness to recommend" scores among oncology patients. A total of 2018 returning cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (CTCA) responded to an internally developed service quality questionnaire, which covered the following dimensions: operations and services, treatment and care with a multidisciplinary team and patient endorsements. Items were measured on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from "completely dissatisfied" to "completely satisfied." Patient willingness to, "recommend this facility to friends and associates" was measured on an 11-point scale ranging from "not at all likely" to "extremely likely", which was subsequently dichotomized into two categories: top box response (10) versus all others (0-9). The relationship between perceived service quality and "willingness to recommend" was assessed via Kendall's tau b correlation and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Of the 2018 patients, 959 were newly diagnosed while 1059 were previously treated. 902 were males and 1116 females. The mean age was 54.2 years and the most frequent diagnoses were breast (412), lung (294), prostate (260), colorectal (179) and pancreas (169). 1553 patients said they were "extremely likely" to recommend CTCA to friends and associates, resulting in 77% "top box" responses while 465 (23%) responded in all other categories. The key service quality drivers that were statistically significant in the final logistic model were "team helping you understand your medical condition", "staff genuinely caring for you as an individual", "whole person approach to patient care" and "CTCA medical oncologist." In this multi-center study, we demonstrate the predictive significance of perceived service quality as it relates to patient willingness to recommend an oncology service provider. This study is unique in reporting on the role of perceived service quality as a predictor of patient willingness to recommend in a large sample of cancer patients.
Isoprene, cloud droplets, and phytoplankton.

There is an error that may invalidate the main conclusion of the Research Article “Phytoplankton and cloudiness in the Southern Ocean” by N. Meskhidze and A. Nenes (1 Dec. 2006, p. [1419][1]). The authors report an increase in cloud reflectivity resulting from a 30% decrease in cloud droplet
An Experimental Investigation of the Primary Atomization of Viscoelastic Impinging Jets

The primary atomization of a viscoelastic liquid was experimentally investigated using a water-based solution of 0.1 wt.-% xanthan gum (XG). Shadowgraphy images were obtained to qualitatively study the impinging jet spray formation and Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was used to measure the drop diameters and drop velocities. The viscoelastic behavior was observed to hinder atomization when the effect of the inertial force was relatively insignificant. However, increasing the inertial force led to the spray patterns transitioning towards the ligament structures and fully developed patterns. D10, D32, and MMD drop diameters were observed to decrease with increasing inertial force and were larger than mean diameters of a water spray at similar conditions. The mean axial drop velocity was observed to increase with increasing inertial force.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Early treatment of blunt cerebrovascular injury with concomitant hemorrhagic neurologic injury is safe and effective.

Background:Early pharmacologic treatment for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is often withheld when concomitant traumatic brain injury or cervical spinal cord injury occurs. This study examines the safety and efficacy of early treatment for patients with both BCVI and traumatic neurologic injury
Reliability distribution method of mechanical serial system based on roughness set and fuzzy theory

The entire category factor and its sub-factors that could possibly affect the reliability distribution of mechanical system have been summed up.Aimed at different mechanical serial systems and by adopting the knowledge reduction method of the roughness set to eliminate the redundant sub-factors so as to find out the dominant factor and finally a fuzzy method of weighted distribution has been put forward to carrying out the reliability distribution on each sub-system.All the affecting factors have been taken into consideration within the entire distribution process.The result of reduction was reasonable and it is especially adaptable to the more complicated mechanical serial systems.The calculation result of living example was very close to the result of original distribution,thus testified that this method is effective and reliable.
Pl-Patchsurfer: A Fast, Surface-Patch-Based Virtual Screening Program using Three-Dimensional Zernike Descriptors

Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) has been widely used to reduce human efforts in drug discovery. Receptor-based virtual screening (RBVS) method considers interaction between drugs and binding pockets, so it requires the receptor structure. Since the results are not biased to known drugs for a receptor, it is more suitable for finding novel compounds compared to ligand-based virtual screening method. However, the RBVS method consumes a plenty of time, so it is not applicable to treat a large compound library.Recently, we have proposed PL-PatchSurfer, a novel VS program using three-dimensional Zernike descriptors (3DZD) (Hu et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2014, Shin et al., Molecules, 2015, Shin et al., Methods, 2015). It segments the surface of binding pocket and ligand to a number of patches. Four physic-chemical features, shape, electrostatic potential, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobicity on the surface patches are assigned and converted into 3DZD. 3DZDs of protein and ligand patches are compared to determine the ligand is likely to bind the target receptor or not. Because PL-PatchSurfer searches interaction based on patch Zernike descriptors, not based on atomistic description in traditional RBVS, our program showed a much faster speed (∼40 times faster than AutoDock4), and more tolerance in structural variation of a receptor structure, with a better performance in a virtual screening benchmark (∼ two times higher than AutoDockVina in enrichment factor at 1%). In this presentation, a theoretical basis of PL-PatchSurfer and benchmark results on DUD and WOMBAT set compared with state-of-art virtual screening program will be given. Particularly, PL-PatchSurfer outperformed AutdockVina and other methods when homology models and apo structure of receptor were used as targets.
Antagonism of dithiobiuret toxicity in rats

Daily administration of dithiobiuret (DTB, 1 mg/kg X 6 days, ip) produced delayed onset muscle weakness in rats as indicated by failure in a treadmill test. In nerve-muscle preparations from DTB-intoxicated rats neuromuscular toxicity was manifested as contractile fatigue during tetanic nerve stimulation. As muscle weakness developed, feed intake decreased and the animals lost body weight. Water intake was not altered during this time, but urine output was increased concomitant with the development of muscle weakness and resulted in a state of negative water balance. Daily administration of d-penicillamine (d-PEN) antagonized DTB-induced treadmill failure in a dose-dependent fashion. A daily dose of d-PEN (1 mMol/kg, ip) that completely antagonized treadmill failure also antagonized the contractile fatigue, reduced feed intake, weight loss and negative water balance caused by DTB administration. In rats already intoxicated with DTB, initiating daily d-PEN treatment or discontinuing further DTB administration, caused the animals to recover normal treadmill performance after a latent period of five days. A single dose of d-PEN (1 mMol/kg, iv) was not effective in reversing treadmill failure or contractile fatigue in rats already intoxicated with DTB. Thus, continuous daily administration of d-PEN was necessary for it to be effective. A single dose of d-PEN (1 m Mol/kg, ip) administered one hr after [14C]-DTB (1 mg/kg, ip) did not affect the plasma and tissue concentrations of DTB-derived radioactivity or their corresponding elimination kinetics. Cumulative urinary and fecal excretion of DTB-derived radioactivity were also unaffected by d-PEN administration as were the relative proportions of DTB and two of its metabolites, monothiobiuret and thiuret, in urine. Other agents that produced dose-dependent antagonism of DTB toxicity were diethyldithiocarbamate, disulfiram, cysteamine and 2,2'-dipyridyl. Considering the chemical and biological properties of DTB and its antagonists, a mechanism of antagonism involving an alteration of the thiol-disulfide and/or divalent metal cation status of motor axon terminals is postulated.
Solid organ transplantation. Where has it been, where is it going?

Current developments in clinical transplantation have led to the proliferation and expansion of indications for the various surgical procedures. Elderly patients, who are at high risk of developing complications during or after the transplant procedure, and extremely ill individuals, whose only chance of survival is an immediate transplant, increasingly are being considered as potential recipients. The often complex nature of the underlying disease of the transplant patient, the magnitude of the transplant procedure, and the potential severity of ensuing complications that are often unique to this group of patients frequently leads to examination and treatment of the patient in the intensive care unit.
Congress and Budget Politics

The federal budget is often the center of congressional politics. For fiscal year 2009, the federal government's spending will exceed $3 trillion, or approximately $10,000 for every American. And estimates for fiscal year 2010 project an even larger number. Although many people are bored to tears when the details of spending and tax policy are discussed, the budget reflects fundamental choices about the role of government in American life. Action on the annual budget tends to generate the most partisan fights in Washington. The twists and turns of budget politics have strongly influenced winners and losers in elections, shaped the political careers of the most prominent politicians, reshaped congressional decision-making processes, and altered the distribution of power within Congress. Federal budgeting since the 1970s has been a roller coaster ride. Beginning in the late 1970s and continuing for more than a decade, presidents and Congress struggled with annual deficits. In fiscal year 1992, the federal government spent about $290 billion more than it received from taxes and other revenues. To pay the interest on the debt that had accumulated over the years (nearly $4 trillion by that point), the federal government spent a little more than $200 billion – about 14 percent of its $1.5 trillion budget for fiscal year 1992. By 1998, the budget picture had improved markedly. Fiscal year 1998 ended with a small surplus, and annual surpluses were achieved in the three following years. Deficits returned by late 2001 during an economic recession. The fight against terrorism and the war in Iraq prompted increases in defense and homeland security spending, while tax cuts enacted in 2001 and 2003 cut into revenues. Deficits were looming again by 2002 and have continued through to the present, greatly deepened by the recession of 2007–2008 and the policies to deal with it. A deficit of nearly $1.5 trillion was projected for fiscal year 2011, a record high.
Computing with Coupled Relaxation Oscillators

This chapter focuses on recent works in experimentally demonstrating tunable coupled relaxation oscillators, based on the phenomenon of insulator‐metal transition in vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ), as an efficient non‐Boolean computational primitive capable of performing the visual saliency task. The chapter exploits the phase synchronization dynamics of pairs of coupled oscillators to compute a fractional distance norm that is suitable for associative computing. Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) transistors supporting the Boolean computational framework have been the backbone of modern computation, and have fueled the information technology revolution for the past four decades. Mathematically, the quantification of the degree of match between two quantities requires the calculation of a distance between two points that represents the two quantities in a high‐dimensional space. It turns out that the so‐called ‘Boolean bottleneck’ arises from the requirement of a significant number of power‐intensive multiply‐accumulate (MAC) operations involved in the calculation of the distance norm.
Casimir and van der Waals Forces: Prelude

I mentioned my results to Niels Bohr, during a walk. That is nice, he said, that is something new. I told him that I was puzzled by the extremely simple form of the expressions for the interaction at very large distances and he mumbled something about zero-point energy. That was all, but it put me on a new track.
The Two and Seventy Languages of the World

(1942). The Two and Seventy Languages of the World. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 241-260.
Effect of Rosemary Spice Extractive on Growth of Microorganisms in Meats1

A study was conducted to examine the possible bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of rosemary spice extractive (RSE) on growth of selected microflora and total bacterial populations in mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM), turkey breast, and beef. Definite bactericidal effect by 0.1% RSE became evident when a pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus was tested in a bacteriological medium. Such an effect was not observed when Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Salmonella typhimurium were tested. When various types of meat were used as growth media, RSE showed a bactericidal effect on S. aureus only at 5% concentration. Such an effect was not observed on total plate counts of the meat samples.
Pious Practices and Secular Constraints: Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe. By Jeanette S. Jouili

Journal of Church and State to Klaus Scholtissek’s contextualization of the story of the foot washing in John 13:15 with Greco-Roman sources in order to deter- mine that ritual’s significance. The discussion continues along the same useful and informative lines in “Part 3, Imperial Ideology and Other Christian Texts.” In connection with his analysis of “The Shepard of Hermas and the Roman Empire,” Mark Grundeken comes up with a discerning for- mulation that applies more widely: “Hermas does not envision ac- tive resistance but passive dissidence” (p. 200); Grundeken dates Hermas between the end of the first and the middle of the second centuries and argues that the author lived close to Rome—hence the strong orientation towards pragmatism and realism. When the latter were not the guiding attitudes and martyrdom was sought, such a choice elicited not admiration from pagan contemporaries as in the case of the death of Socrates and others, but rather con- tempt as is meticulously documented by Paul Middleton in his “Noble Death or Death Cult? Pagan Criticism of Early Christian Martyrdom.” The volume concludes with another well-focused and concisely-written essay by Marco Frenschkowski on “Nero Redivivus as a Subject of Early Christian Arcane Teaching.” Besides shedding new light on the relations of Nero’s and Pseudo-Nero to the Antichrist, Frenschkowski foregrounds an aspect of early Christianity that is often underemphasized, i. e., a hankering after secrecy: “not everything in ancient Christianity was public” (p. 245). In sum, this is a very judicious and well-researched volume. It qui- etly demonstrates that the previous anti-imperial turn is largely an emperor without clothes. Karl Galinsky University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas doi:10.1093/jcs/csw104 Advance Access publication December 16, 2016 Pious Practices and Secular Constraints: Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe. By Jeanette S. Jouili. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015. 258pp. $90.00 cloth; $19.57 paper; $27.95 e- book. Pious Practices and Secular Constraints is premised on the image of a secular state under siege by Muslims who persist in religious prac- tices that challenge Europe’s identity, including the highly public
A RISC-V Processor SoC With Integrated Power Management at Submicrosecond Timescales in 28 nm FD-SOI

This paper presents a RISC-V system-on-chip (SoC) with integrated voltage regulation, adaptive clocking, and power management implemented in a 28 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator process. A fully integrated simultaneous-switching switched-capacitor DC–DC converter supplies an application core using a clock from a free-running adaptive clock generator, achieving high system conversion efficiency (82%–89%) and energy efficiency (41.8 double-precision GFLOPS/W) while delivering up to 231 mW of power. A second core serves as an integrated power-management unit that can measure system state and actuate changes to core voltage and frequency, allowing the implementation of a wide variety of power-management algorithms that can respond at submicrosecond timescales while adding just 2.0% area overhead. A voltage dithering program allows operation across a wide continuous voltage range (0.45 V–1 V), while an adaptive voltage-scaling algorithm reduces the energy consumption of a synthetic benchmark by 39.8% with negligible performance penalty, demonstrating practical microsecond-scale power management for mobile SoCs.
OBSERVED DEFICIENCIES IN MEDICAL STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSGENDER AND INTERSEX HEALTH.

ABSTRACT Objective: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) patients face many well-documented disparities in care which among transgender and intersex people can often be traced to providers' lack of knowledge. Methods: We administered surveys to examine the self-assessed knowledge and attitudes of all medical students at Boston University regarding different LGBTI subpopulations. Survey questions were based on a Likert scale from 1 to 5; analysis was conducted with Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results: Overall there was a response rate of 24%, with the number of responses varying by class. Three of the 4 surveyed classes reported lower knowledge about transgender health than LGB health. Every class reported significantly lower knowledge of intersex health in comparison to LGB. Comfort with transgender or with intersex patients was lower than with LGB patients for all surveyed classes. Students across all self-identified groups (LGBTI, ally, not an ally) reported significantly lower average responses for knowledge and comfort regarding transgender or intersex health in comparison to that of LGB. Students in their preclinical years reported lower levels of knowledge in comparison with students in their clinical years. Students who identified as LGBTI reported significantly higher knowledge and comfort with only LGB and transgender health when compared with students who didn't identify as LGBTI. Respondents more frequently requested additional learning opportunities in transgender and intersex health than in LGB health. Conclusion: Self-reported knowledge of transgender and intersex health lags behind knowledge of LGB health, though these deficits appear partially responsive to targeted educational intervention. Abbreviations: BUSM = Boston University School of Medicine LGB = lesbian, gay, and bisexual LGBT = lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBTI = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex M1 = first-year medical student class M2 = second-year medical student class M3 = third-year medical student class M4 = fourth-year medical student class
Reduction of Cardiopulmonary/Renal Complications with Serum BNP-Guided Volume Status Management in Posthepatectomy Patients

After hepatectomy, over- and under-resuscitations induce cardiopulmonary complications and acute kidney injury, respectively, leading to significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. Unlike serum chemistries or urine output, serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels have been shown to accurately reflect current intravascular fluid balance without influence from alterations of hormonal axes. Based on these data, this study was designed to measure the impact of a serum BNP-guided hepatobiliary fluid protocol on the incidence of posthepatectomy cardiopulmonary/renal complications. Hepatectomy patients registered in a single-institution American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2011 and 2016 were examined in real time for the development of cardiopulmonary/renal complications and divided into pre- (2011–2013) and postimplementation (2014–2016) of a BNP-guided hepatobiliary fluid protocol groups. In the postimplementation group, maintenance fluids were tapered on a set protocol. Bolus fluids, diuresis, and micro-adjustments in fluid rate were guided by daily BNP values. Four hundred sixty patients underwent hepatectomy in the study period with 251 patients in the pre- and 209 patients in the postprotocol implementation groups. Cardiopulmonary/renal complication rates were 4.0% in the preprotocol group and reduced to 0.9% after initiation of the BNP-guided hepatobiliary fluid protocol (p = 0.04). Despite low event rates, these data suggest that goal-directed postoperative fluid therapy with the combination of a hepatobiliary fluid protocol and serum BNP-guided volume management is superior to traditional chemistry and bedside volume assessment and can reduce posthepatectomy cardiopulmonary and renal complications.
Come back: Identifying targets to engage young adult survivors who have been lost to follow-up.

29Background: Despite national survivorship guidelines, follow-up care after treatment has ended is generally lacking for AYA survivors. Our previous pilot study involving 27 AYA in a focus group f...
Shale energy development in the Southern United States: A review of perceived and objective social impacts

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the extant literature pertaining to perceived and objective social impacts associated with shale energy development in the southern United States. Findings from selected sociological studies conducted in the Barnett, Eagle Ford, and Haynesville shale plays reveal somewhat paradoxical perceptions with respect to shale energy development among both local leaders and the general citizenry. Whereas community leaders and residents recognize that not all economic effects of shale energy development have been positive, they generally appreciate and view favorably certain accompanying economic and/or service-related benefits. Typically, the opposite is the case with respect to the objective and perceived social and/or environmental issues that have accompanied shale energy development. Recent studies by several geographers and their colleagues in both the Barnett and Eagle Ford regions have complemented and furthered the sociological findings on the economic/service-related benefits and social/environmental costs associated with shale energy development in the southern United States. Results from their studies reveal a substantially uneven spatial distribution of positive and negative effects. I conclude this review by identifying several knowledge gaps and proposing suggestions for future research.
Elastic Compliance of an Annular Crack

Elastic compliance of an annular crack - the quantity that determines the increase of compliance of a solid due to introduction of such a crack - is derived.
Interannual variations in snow melt over Arctic sea ice and relationships to atmospheric forcings

Spring snow melt over the Beaufort and East Siberian seas is examined using visible-band DMSP imagery, SMMR brightness temperatures, and surface air temperatures for the years 1979, 1980 and 1984–86. Regional melt onset, as identified from the SMMR data, typically begins in early June, but can vary by up to two weeks between years. The subsequent pace of melt, estimated from the difference in days between the SMMR signal and visual identification of melt features in the DMSP data, exhibits a similar range. Interannual differences in snow melt are examined with respect to variations in cloud cover and geostrophic meridional winds. While over the Beaufort Sea, early melt onset and rapid melt progression may be favored by a combination of limited cloud cover and, as inferred from the wind data, strong northward air advection, no firm conclusions can be drawn from the available data. Presumably, potential relationships between melt and atmospheric forcings tend to be masked by additional factors, such as variations in initial snow depth and uncertainties in the data sets.
Patterns of Screen Time Among Rural Mexican-American Children on the New Mexico-Mexico Border.

Introduction The prevalence of obesity is 26% among Hispanic children and teenagers and 47% among Hispanic adults. One contributor to obesity is sedentary behavior, such as using electronic screen devices (ie, screens). Low-income and Hispanic youths spend more time using such devices than other youths. Methods We interviewed 202 parents of Mexican-origin children aged 6 to 10 years in 2 rural communities near the US-Mexico border to determine screen use among children. We tested for associations between covariates and heavy screen use (≥4 hours/day) and calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) to identify independent, modifiable risk factors for such use. Results More than two-thirds (68.3%) of households had an annual income of less than $24,000, 89.1% spoke primarily Spanish, and 92.1% had internet access. The percentage of children with heavy screen use was 14.9% on weekdays and 25.2% on weekends. Smartphones were used by 62.4% of children, desktops or laptops by 60.9%; homework was the most common reason for use of these devices. One in 3 children used them for social media. Increased odds of heavy screen use were associated with having a television on while the child ate (weekday AOR = 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-8.45 and weekend AOR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.04-5.40) and using electronics to entertain (weekend AOR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.15-7.51). More than 3 family meals per week (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.94 compared with ≤3 meals) and 2 or 3 family activities per week (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.87 compared with ≤1 activity) were associated with decreased odds of heavy weekend use. Conclusion Even in low-income, Spanish-speaking communities, children have access to electronic devices, social media, and the internet, and a substantial fraction of them are heavy users. Efforts to reduce screen time might focus on understanding and changing the social norms that promote it.
Mechanistic insight into dendrite–SEI interactions for lithium metal electrodes

The stability and homogeneity of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer are critical toward understanding the root causes behind performance decay and safety concerns with lithium metal electrodes for energy storage. This study focuses on deducing mechanistic insights into the complexations between the Li metal electrode and SEI during electrodeposition. It is found that the formation of Li dendrite can be initiated by two distinct mechanisms: (i) aggressive Li-ion depletion near the anode–SEI interface at high reaction rates or low temperature attributed to transport limitations, and (ii) spatially varying reaction kinetics at the SEI–electrode interface due to SEI inhomogeneity even at low currents. Subsequent mechanical stability analyses reveal that significantly high stress is generated due to nonuniform Li electrodeposition which could lead to crack formation in the existing SEI layer, and consequently exposure of fresh lithium to the electrolyte resulting in enhanced capacity fading. Furthermore, a non-dimensional analysis relating the interfacial stress induced failure propensity to electrochemical Biot number and SEI heterogeneity factor is proposed, which delineates stable lithium deposition regimes.
Translating research into practice: Designing effective reentry services for adolescent offenders

Abstract This article introduces the model design of a specialized juvenile reentry program that resulted in reducing recidivism to less than half the recidivism rate of those in the control group. The reentry program and evaluation was funded by the Second Chance Act and has been identified as a promising practice in reentry planning. The reentry project was a collaborative, region-wide effort involving juvenile justice administrators, law enforcement officials, treatment providers, and other community support partners. The intensity and type of reentry services provided were determined by the results of standard risk assessment and were delivered based upon a prescribed, dosage-based schema. Best practices in reentry planning are identified and the manner in which current best practices informed the model design is illustrated throughout the article. The article is intended for information dissemination and potential project replication.
SP2: Rapid and Automatable Contaminant Removal from Peptide Samples for Proteomic Analyses

Peptide cleanup is essential for the removal of contaminating substances that may be introduced during sample preparation steps in bottom-up proteomic workflows. Recent studies have described benefits of carboxylate-modified paramagnetic particles over traditional reversed-phase methods for detergent and polymer removal, but challenges with reproducibility have limited the widespread implementation of this approach among laboratories. To overcome these challenges, the current study systematically evaluated key experimental parameters regarding the use of carboxylate-modified paramagnetic particles and determined those that are critical for maximum performance and peptide recovery and those for which the protocol is tolerant to deviation. These results supported the development of a detailed, easy-to-use standard operating protocol, termed SP2, which can be applied to remove detergents and polymers from peptide samples while concentrating the sample in solvent that is directly compatible with typical LC–MS...
Bestimmung des Faservolumengehalts

Die Steifigkeits- und Festigkeitsparameter von Faserverbunden sind durch die innere Packungsgeometrie der Fasern und dem grundlegenden Verhalten von Fasern und Matrix bestimmt [HAS 83, CHR 79]. Die Fasern sind generell zylindrisch und die Geometrie ist durch einen querverlaufenden Schnitt definiert und darum zweidimensional. Die meist gebrauchlichen Fasern sind aus Glas, Kohlenstoff (Graphit) und Aramid, die Matrizes aus duromeren Epoxidharzen oder neuerlich entwickelten Thermoplasten. Der Faserdurchmesser ist in der Grosenordnung von 10 gm und in transversaler Ebene durch einen, durch die Volumenanteile der Faser und Matrix bestimmten, mittleren Faser-zu-Faserabstand rundherum getrennt. Die Volumenanteile der Bestandteile eines Verbundes konnen durch chemische Auflosung der Matrix oder durch mikrofotografische Techniken bestimmt werden. Bei der ersten Methode wird die Matrix gelost und die Fasern gewogen. Die Volumengehalte werden aus den Gewichten und Dichten der Bestandteile errechnet. Bei der zweiten Methode wird die Anzahl der Fasern in einer bestimmten Flache eines polierten Querschnitts eines Verbunds gezahlt und die Volumengehalte als Flachenanteil jedes Bestandteils bestimmt.
From Laura Ingalls to Wing Biddlebaum: A Survey of Teacher Identities in Works of Literature

The purpose of this study is to systemically analyze the types of teachers that appear in works of literature, and to explore the various teacher identities that are depicted. The data consists of 44 novels, plays, short stories, and children’s books with teachers as characters. Each work was carefully read with particular attention paid to the characterization of teachers and the identities they assumed. Through a process of analytic induction, the following themes emerged: teacher as nurturer, teacher as subversive, teacher as conformist, teacher as hero; teacher as villain, teacher as victim, and teacher as outsider. Implications of this research are discussed.
Is the Southern Ocean getting greener

The Southern Ocean is a key player in regulating the planet's biogeochemistry, productivity, and climate. Ocean color data from two NASA satellites show statistically significant increases in the concentration of chlorophyll in all sectors of the Southern Ocean, particularly in the Sub-Antarctic Zone and Permanently Open Ocean Zone. The smallest changes were observed in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Sub-Tropical Zone. These trends seem accentuated by higher chlorophyll concentrations during the austral winter. Increases in the annual and wintertime chlorophyll concentrations can have implications for the Southern Ocean biological pump and ocean productivity and higher trophic levels. Plain Language Summary The Southern Ocean is getting greener because the amount of marine plants (phytoplankton) has been increasing in the last 21 years. These changes appear to be happening faster during the winter, which suggests that the growing season is getting longer. This is important because the Southern Ocean has a big role in the biology and chemistry of the oceans, and in regulating the Earth's climate. This work was done using 21 years of data from two NASA satellites.