cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-01-04: MRI enhancement in stromal tissue surrounding breast tumors: Association with RFS following neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Objective: Stromal tissue surrounding breast tumors can harbor abnormalities that predict increased risk of recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate low-level contrast enhancement patterns in normal appearing breast stroma surrounding tumors using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). A secondary objective was to investigate whether enhancement patterns varied with distance from tumor and whether proximity-dependent enhancement was associated with recurrence-free survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients with locally-advanced breast cancer were imaged with DCE-MRI before (V1) and after one cycle (V2) of adriamycin-cytoxan (AC) therapy. Normal-appearing stromal tissue on MR images was defined as fibroglandular tissue outside of tumor regions. Fibroglandular tissue was segmented from pre-contrast T1-weighted images using a fuzzy C-means clustering method 1 . Tumor regions were identified using a percent enhancement threshold of 70% in the first post-contrast image (PE1). Distance from tumor (proximity) was defined for each stromal voxel as the minimum three-dimensional distance from any tumor voxel. Stromal enhancement was characterized by calculating mean PE and mean signal enhancement ratio (SER = PE1/PE2) in distance shells of 5 mm, from 0 to 40 mm outside of tumor tissue. Global PE and SER were calculated by averaging all stromal voxels from 5 to 40 mm from tumor. Proximity-dependent PE and SER were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model and Cox proportional hazards model for recurrence-free survival. Results: The mixed effects model displayed a decreasing radial trend in PE at both V1(estimated mean = −0.39 per mm, 95% CI (−0.50, −0.29), p Conclusions: These findings show that stromal tissue outside the primary tumor can be quantitatively characterized by DCE-MRI, and suggest that stromal enhancement measurements may be worth exploring as a potential predictor of recurrence/disease-free survival following NACT. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-04.
Fossil Mammals from the Elk River Formation, Cape Blanco, Oregon

Three determinable mammalian specimens have been collected from the presumed early Pleistocene upper level of the Elk River formation at Cape Blanco, Curry County, Oregon. They are a sea otter femur, an upper cheek tooth of an eared seal and a maxillary with M1–3 of a tapir. The sea otter differs in no way from the living Enhydra lutris and confirms the information based on the associated invertebrate fauna that the area at the time of deposition was a shallow, cold-water bay. The tapir is related to, yet distinct from, the modern Central American tapir ( Tapirus hairdii ).
Specific Ion–Protein Interactions Dictate Solubility Behavior of a Monoclonal Antibody at Low Salt Concentrations

The perturbation of salt ions on the solubility of a monoclonal antibody was systematically studied at various pHs in Na2SO4, NaNO3, NaCl, NaF, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2 and MgCl2 solutions below 350 mM. At pH 7.1, close to the pI, all of the salts increased the solubility of the antibody, following the order of SO42– > NO3– > Cl– > F– for anions and Mg2+ > Na+ for cations. At pH 5.3 where the antibody had a net positive charge, the anions initially followed the order of SO42– > NO3– > Cl– > F– for effectiveness in reducing the solubility and then switched to increasing the solubility retaining the same order. Furthermore, the antibody was more soluble in the Mg2+ salt solutions than in the corresponding Na+ salt solutions with the same anion. At pH 9.0 where the antibody had a net negative charge, an initial decrease in the protein solubility was observed in the solutions of the Mg2+ salts and NaF, but not in the rest of the Na+ salt solutions. Then, the solubility of the antibody was increased by the anions in th...
RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEMS IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF COAL EXPLOITATION ON THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The characteristics of the impact of coal exploitation on the ecologic environment in the related area in our country are introduced,the present situation and the problem of the impact assessment are annualized,the time period,scope,items and technique of the assessment are discussed and a strategy to use remote sensing information got in two different times to make as evolutionary to improve the assessment and to carry out the comprehensive restore is put forward.
Study on the weldability of oil storage tank steel 610D with high heat input welding

This research manages to apply TW-SAW to welding the 60 kg grade high heat input welding steel developed by a steelworks for Weldability evaluation.Oil storage tank SPV490Q developed by Japan was also welded with the same welding procedures.Having TW-SAW been applied to the circumferential seam welding process for improving the welding efficiency is the purpose of the test.The result shows:the properties of weld joint measure up at the heat input of 66 kJ/cm,but the toughness of the trial steel at the heat affected zone(HAZ)is not as good as the SPV490Q produced by Japan at low temperature.Product process of the steel should be optimized.
A Self-Aligned 45°-Tilted Two-Axis Scanning Micromirror for Side-View Imaging

This paper presents a two-axis electrothermal single-crystal-silicon micromirror that is tilted 45° out of plane on a silicon optical bench (SiOB). The SiOB provides mechanical support and electrical wiring to the tilted two-axis scanning mirror, as well as aligned trenches for assembling other optical components, such as optical fibers and GRIN lens. The pre-set tilting of the mirror plate is achieved via the bending of a set of stressed bimorph cantilevers. A stopper connected on the bending bimorphs reaches and is stopped by the adjacent silicon sidewall. The tilt angle can be precisely controlled by properly choosing the distance from the stopper to the silicon sidewall and the flexure bimorph length. The fabricated mirror plate is 0.72 mm $\times $ 0.72 mm and the footprint of the entire MEMS device is 2.22 mm $\times$ 1.25 mm. The measured maximum total optical scan angle of the mirror is approximately 40° in both $x$ -axis and $y$ -axis at only $5.5~V_{\mathrm{ dc}}$ . This technology will enable a new class of more compact microendoscopic optical imaging probes for in vivo early cancer detection. [2015-0315]
Cut to the core practices: Toward visceral disruptions of binaries in PRACTICE-based teacher education

Abstract Situated in the field’s burgeoning attention to identifying and specifying “core practices” of teaching and drawing on data from a study of a writing methods course in a US teacher preparation program, this article draws on poststructuralist discourse and affect theories to show how attending to the affective dimensions of practice was crucial to “un-naming” discourses of Control and Failure in one preservice teacher’s writing lesson. The authors argue that binaries within metaphors of practice(s) must be continually troubled to ensure that children’s racialized, classed, and gendered positioning in schools is centered within practice-based teacher preparation.
Apical ANG II-stimulated PLA2 activity and Na+ flux: a potential role for Ca2+-independent PLA2

Type 1 angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors (AT1R), which mediate proximal tubule (PT) salt and water reabsorption, undergo endocytosis and recycling. Prior studies in a PT-like model (LLC-PKCl4 cells...
Third World Women’s Alliance

Despite the frequent assertion that women’s liberation was a movement of white middle-class women, women of color articulated their own brand of feminism. In 1968, sncc’ Black Women’s Liberation Committee was formed. Led by Frances Beal, it broadened its scope and renamed itself the Third World Women’s Alliance (twwa) in 1969. The twwa insisted that for women of color and poor women, there could be no liberation without confronting issues of race and class. It also questioned the feminist orthodoxy that a natural sisterhood united all women, pointing out that some forms of women’s liberation would merely give white women the opportunity to participate in racial privilege along with white men. Other important organizations of women of color were founded in the 1970s, including the National Black Feminist Organization and the Combahee River Collective.
Risk factors for superficial surgical site infection after elective rectal cancer resection: a multivariate analysis of 8880 patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database

Abstract Background Superficial surgical site infection (sSSI) is one of the most common complications after colorectal resection. The goal of this study was to determine the comorbidities and operative characteristics that place patients at risk for sSSI in patients who underwent rectal cancer resection. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried (via diagnosis and Current Procedural Terminology codes) for patients with rectal cancer who underwent elective resection between 2005 and 2012. Patients for whom data concerning 27 demographic factors, comorbidities, and operative characteristics were available were eligible. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors for sSSI. Results A total of 8880 patients met the entry criteria and were included. sSSIs were diagnosed in 861 (9.7%) patients. Univariate analysis found 14 patients statistically significant risk factors for sSSI. Multivariate analysis revealed the following risk factors: male gender, body mass index (BMI) >30, current smoking, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), American Society of Anesthesiologists III/IV, abdominoperineal resection (APR), stoma formation, open surgery (versus laparoscopic), and operative time >217 min. The greatest difference in sSSI rates was noted in patients with COPD (18.9 versus 9.5%). Of note, 54.2% of sSSIs was noted after hospital discharge. With regard to the timing of presentation, univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant delay in sSSI presentation in patients with the following factors and/or characteristics: BMI Conclusions Rectal cancer resections are associated with a high incidence of sSSIs, over half of which are noted after discharge. Nine patient and operative characteristics, including smoking, BMI, COPD, APR, and open surgery were found to be significant risk factors for SSI on multivariate analysis. Furthermore, sSSI presentation in patients who had laparoscopic surgery and those who had preoperative RT is significantly delayed for unclear reasons.
The use of desmopressin acetate in patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage: A review:

ObjectiveThis review presents current literature on desmopressin acetate as mono- and adjuvant therapy and its ability to stabilize platelet function in patients presenting with intracranial hemorr...
The importance of being thin

This article outlines a family of approximations for solutions to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations valid for flow domains that have one small dimension. The approach is applicable to two- or three-dimensional systems, steady or unsteady flows, viscous or inviscid fluids, high or low Reynolds numbers, and internal or external domains. Among the methods in this class are lubrication theories, slender-body theories, shallow-water theories, Hele–Shaw flows, and boundary layers. By displaying the commonalities in these, one sees a systematic approach to many fluid- flow problems as well as those in other fields.
Secession, Stability, and Chaos: A Multi-Method Analysis of Evidence from the Former Soviet Union

Why did some Soviet successor states experience violent secessionist rebellion following independence in 1991? Within ten of these countries ethnic minorities threatened further rebellion, secession, or violence, however, only five resorted to wide scale violence and civil war in pursuit of separatist goals: Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia, Nagornyi-Karabakh in Azerbaijan, Transdnistria in Moldova, and Chechnya in Russia. The current literature attempts to explain ethnic violence through psychological mechanisms (Horowitz 1985) or variations of the triadic configuration theory (Brubaker 1996; Laitin 2001). I explore the utility of these theories using a multi-method approach that includes a Boolean analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions for secessionist violence on the full sample of Soviet successor states, small-n comparison of four countries (Estonia, Moldova, Azerbaijan, and Ukraine), and an in-depth case study of Estonia and Moldova. This paper finds that neither psychological mechanisms nor the triadic configuration theory are supported by the data. Instead it puts forth a different theoretical understanding that is more consistent with the data: immediately after the collapse of the USSR the power relationship, as constituted in identities, between the ethnic group running the state and the ethnic minority opposition helped determine the likelihood of a violent secessionist movement.
Retrospective Deconstruction of Statistical Maps: A Choropleth Case Study

The process of creating printed statistical maps in the predigital era was expensive and time consuming. These and other interacting factors constrained the number of design alternatives, such as color choices, that a cartographer might reasonably have been able to consider. In this article, we develop an approach to map deconstruction that enables researchers to investigate the statistical choices made by cartographers by placing each printed map into the universe of all possible choices available to them. We place a particular focus on the specification of choropleth map class intervals for maps produced in the early twentieth century. Three published choropleth maps are used as case studies to illustrate the approach, using four evaluation criteria to evaluate the accuracy of the data classifications. The results indicate that the class interval selection choices made for the examined maps are inferior when compared with available alternatives and that, in one case, classification errors are not only e...
Brachytherapy of localized penile carcinoma

Radiation therapy, administered either by external beam or interstitial implantation (brachytherapy), plays an important role in the management of penile squamous carcinoma. Selection of appropriate cases for radiation treatment using brachytherapy techniques depends on an understanding of the epidemiology, pathobiology, and staging of the disease.
Developmental exposure to low level ambient ultrafine particle air pollution and cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract Developmental exposures to ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) can produce multiple neuropathological and neurochemical changes that might contribute to persistent alterations in cognitive-type functions. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that developmental UFP exposure produced impairments in learning, memory and impulsive-like behaviors and to determine whether these were selective and thus independent of deficits in other behavioral domains such as motor activity or motivation. Performance on measures of learning (repeated learning), memory (novel object recognition, NOR), impulsive-like behavior (differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL), schedule of reward and delay of reward (DOR)), motor activity (locomotor behavior) and motivation (progressive ratio schedule) were examined in adult mice that had been exposed to concentrated (10–20x) ambient ultrafine particles (CAPS) averaging approximately 45 ug/m 3 particle mass concentrations from postnatal day (PND) 4–7 and 10–13 for 4 h/day. Given the number of behavioral tests, animals were tested in different groups. Results showed male-specific alterations in learning and memory functions (repeated learning, NOR and DRL) specifically during transitions in reinforcement contingencies (changes in rules governing behavior) that did not appear to be related to alterations in locomotor function or motivation. Females did not exhibit cognitive-like deficits at these exposure concentrations, but displayed behaviors consistent with altered motivation, including increases in response rates during repeated learning, significantly increased latencies to respond on the delay of reward paradigm, and reductions in the progressive ratio break point. Consistent with our prior findings, male-specific learning and memory-related deficits were seen and occurred even at relatively low level developmental UFP exposures, while females show alterations in motivational behaviors but not final performance. These findings add to the evidence suggesting the need to regulate UFP levels.
Investigating the Global and Local in Wangchuck Centennial National Park: A Case for the Bhutanese Conservation Actors In-Between

Bhutan is world famous for its approach to both environmental conservation and development, despite being classified as “least developed” by the World Bank as recently as 2016. As Bhutan continues to develop, it has increasingly encountered the colloquially known, but statistically unproven phenomena: that development standards and conservation goals are often in conflict with the needs of rural communities. In the case of such ideological, cultural and economic clashes, this article argues for the necessity of “middle-actors” such as native Bhutanese civil servants, as they are able to navigate the cultural and economic zone “in-between” the international and the local in ways that others cannot.
Humphreys, Kristi R. Housework and Gender in American Television: Coming Clean.: Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016. xi + 169 pp. $80.00 (hardcover). ISBN-13: 978-0-7391-9252-8.

Kristi Rowan Humphreys’s Housework and Gender in American Television: Coming Clean balances long-standing critiques of female television characters’ confinement to oppressive housework by interpret...
Solar system design for water pumping

In our days, it seems to us that nobody can suspect it on the importance of water and energy for the human needs. With technological advances, the energy need does not cease increasing. This problem of energy is even more sensitive in the isolated sites where the use of the traditional resources proves often very expensive. Indeed, several constraints, like the transport of fuel and the routine maintenances of the diesel engines, return the search for an essential alternative energy source for this type of sites. It summer necessary to seek other resources of energy of replacement. Renewable energies, like photovoltaic energy, wind or hydraulic, represent a replacement solution par excellence and they are used more and more in our days more especially as the national territory has one of the solar layers highest with the world. The duration of insolation can reach the 3900 hours/year on the Sahara. The energy acquired daily on a horizontal surface of 1m2 is about 5kWh, that is to say meadows of 2263kWh/m2/year in the south of the country. The photovoltaic energy utilization for pumping of water is well adapted for more the share of the arid and semi-arid areas because of the existence in these areas of an underground hydraulic potential not very major. Another very important coincidence supports the use of this type of energy for the water pumping is that the demand for water, especially in agriculture, reached its maximum in hot weather and dryness where it is precisely the moment when one has access to the maximum of solar energy. The goal to see an outline on the general composition of a photovoltaic system of pumping, as well as the theoretical elements making it possible to dimension the current pumping stations.
Current situation and future trends for beef production in the United States of America — A review

USA beef production is characterized by a diversity of climates, environmental conditions, animal phenotypes, management systems, and a multiplicity of nutritional inputs. The USA beef herd consists of more than 80 breeds of cattle and crosses thereof, and the industry is divided into distinct, but ofttimes overlapping sectors, including seedstock production, cow-calf production, stocker/backgrounding, and feedlot. Exception for male dairy calves, production is predominantly pastoral-based, with young stock spending relatively brief portions of their life in feedlots. The beef industry is very technology driven, utilizing reproductive management strategies, genetic improvement technologies, exogenous growth promoting compounds, vaccines, antibiotics, and feed processing strategies, focusing on improvements in efficiency and cost of production. Young steers and heifers are grain-based diets fed for an average of 5 months, mostly in feedlots of 1,000 head capacity or more, and typically are slaughtered at 15 to 28 months of age to produce tender, well-marbled beef. Per capita beef consumption is nearly 26 kg annually, over half of which is consumed in the form of ground products. Beef exports, which are increasingly important, consist primarily of high value cuts and variety meats, depending on destination. In recent years, adverse climatic conditions (i.e., draught), a shrinking agricultural workforce, emergence of food-borne pathogens, concerns over development of antimicrobial resistance, animal welfare/well-being, environmental impact, consumer perceptions of healthfulness of beef, consumer perceptions of food animal production practices, and alternative uses of traditional feed grains have become increasingly important with respect to their impact on both beef production and demand for beef products. Similarly, changing consumer demographics and globalization of beef markets have dictated changes in the types of products demanded by consumers of USA beef, both domestically and abroad. The industry is highly adaptive, however, and responds quickly to evolving economic signals.
Solid-State Insight Into the Action of a Pharmaceutical Solvate: Structural, Thermal, and Dissolution Analysis of Indinavir Sulfate Ethanolate.

Abstract The crystal structure of indinavir sulfate, a pharmaceutical administered as an ethanol solvate, is presented, revealing a unique channel/ionic solvate structure to be characteristic of the compound. The properties of the material with regard to thermal treatment and water adsorption follow closely from the structure. The in situ amorphization of the pharmaceutical upon contacting liquid water is observed and highlights the unique dissolution enhancement of marketing the crystalline solvate dosage. Through survey of published crystal structures, an ambiguous sulfate/bisulfate ionization state is also observed in the crystal, which challenges the general understanding of the pharmaceutical. This study provides a solid-state insight into the function of a special multicomponent crystalline pharmaceutical form.
Clinical Applications of Cine Computed Tomography

Standard computed tomographic scanners have limited applicability in cardiac studies due to a relatively long image acquisition time of 1 to 3 seconds. Since the heart contracts at frequencies that usually exceed one cycle/second, cardiac images obtained with standard tomographic instruments do not allow for discrimination of cardiac geometry at specific points of the cardiac cycle. Clinically useful images of the cardiac chambers can be obtained by employing prospective or retrospective gating of conventional computed tomographic images or utilizing specially designed computed tomographic instruments that obtain images in a fraction of a second. The first rapid computed tomographic scanner, the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor, designed by Earl Wood and Eric Ritman at the Mayo Clinic, is able to obtain computed tomographic images in 10 msec. A more practical device for obtaining rapid computed tomographic images at 50 msec intervals has been developed by Boyd at the University of California, San Francisco. This device is commercially produced by the Imatron corporation (Imatron C-100). It employs an electron gun to generate an X-ray beam which can be guided around the patient with a magnetic field. In this brief review, we will describe two general cardiac applications of ultrafast computed tomography — studies of left and right ventricular function and size, and studies of vein bypass patency and flow reserve. All the data reported had been obtained with the Imatron C-100 scanner.
Detection of Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cell death is critical for diverse physiological processes and dysregulation of cell death mechanisms is implicated in various pathological conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Due to the existence of numerous cell death modalities, the precise identification and characterization of cell death-related events in cells and tissues is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and designing effective therapeutic strategies. The experimental procedures to identify dead and dying cells differ from one another with regard to (1) specificity (i.e., clear-cut distinction has to be made between ‘general’ and ‘cell death-type specific’ techniques); (2) sensitivity; (3) precision (i.e., cell death-related parameters can be detected in a qualitative, semiquantitative, or quantitative fashion); (4) throughput (which range from low, as for electron microscopy-based methods, to high, as in automated procedures); (5) cell death stage (meaning that biochemical processes belonging either to the induction/initiation, integration/decision, or execution/degradation phases of the cell death cascade can be specifically quantified); and (6) cell death parameter (i.e., morphological vs. biochemical). This article reviews some of the techniques to monitor two important cell death-related processes: apoptosis and autophagy with an emphasis on immunohistochemical detection techniques.
Factor structure and clinical utility of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory in an inpatient sample.

Abstract Previous research on the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; Andershed et al., 2002 ) has identified a three-factor structure: Interpersonal, Affective, and Behavioral. The present study sought to test this three-factor structure and broader psychometric properties of the YPI in a sample of 328 adolescents undergoing inpatient psychiatric care. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the hypothesized three-factor structure of the YPI previously documented in community samples. Exploratory analyses reported on modification indices, gender invariance, and fit of a bifactor model. Additionally, the clinical utility of the YPI was examined by examined the relation between the YPI and the antisocial personality scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-A-ANT; Morey, 2007). Confirmatory Factor Analysis results did not replicate the previously documented three-factor structure in the inpatient sample; a bifactor model continued to display poor (albeit improved) fit. Still, there was a strong association between the YPI (total and factor scores) and PAI-A-ANT, as such the YPI accurately identified adolescents with clinically significant antisocial traits. A cut-off score is presented for the YPI total score.
A Phase I/II Trial of MEC (Mitoxantrone, Etoposide, Cytarabine) in Combination with Ixazomib for Relapsed Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Purpose: The prognosis of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor, and novel therapies are needed. The proteasome pathway represents a potential therapeutic target. A phase I trial of the second-generation proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in combination with MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) was conducted in patients with R/R AML. Patients and Methods: Dose escalation of ixazomib was performed using a standard 3 × 3 design. Gene-expression profiling was performed on pretreatment and posttreatment bone marrow or blood samples. Results: The maximum tolerated dose of ixazomib in combination with MEC was 1.0 mg. The dose limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. Despite a poor risk population, the response rate [complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi)] was encouraging at 53%. Gene-expression analysis identified two genes, IFI30 (γ-interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase) and RORα (retinoic orphan receptor A), which were significantly differentially expressed between responding and resistant patients and could classify CR. Conclusions: These results are encouraging, but a randomized trial is needed to address whether the addition of ixazomib to MEC improves outcome. Gene-expression profiling also helped us identify predictors of response and potentially novel therapeutic targets.
Effectiveness of protective clothing for motorized 2-wheeler riders

Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness of protective clothing (motorcycle jacket, trousers, gloves, knee-high or ankle boots, back protection) for motorized 2-wheeler (MTW) riders.Methods: This retrospective observational study used injury data from the Rhone Registry of Road Accident Victims, plus a postal survey conducted in 2016. Seven thousand one hundred forty-eight MTW riders involved in accidents between 2010 and 2014 were identified from the Registry and were invited to complete a questionnaire. Nine hundred seventy-nine individuals returned the questionnaire with relevant information; 951 with complete injury descriptions and clothing information were included in the study. The impact of protective clothing on injury risk was estimated using Poisson regression, with weighting for nonrespondents.Results: Sixty-seven percent of MTW riders sustained upper limb injuries and 47% sustained lower limb injuries. Gloves were the most frequent gear worn (76%), followed by jackets (59%) an...
Analog Origins of Numerical Concepts

Abstract Mechanisms for thinking about quantities range from crude estimation to precise counting, arithmetic, and high-level mathematics. Current evidence implicates cognitive and neural continuity among these mechanisms due to overlapping developmental and evolutionary origins. This chapter reviews current research on the nature continuities in numerical processes across studies on child development, the organization of the human brain, and animal cognition. The results are important for understanding the history and organization of one of our most basic conceptual faculties: the number system. The implications of this research are far reaching, including how we approach the development of formal mathematics in human children.
Trade-off between pulse rate and radiation dose during modified barium swallow examination: what is the reality?

AIM To evaluate the effect of modification of dose mode and frame rate on patient radiation dose during modified barium swallow (MBS) examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of consecutive MBS examinations performed over 6 months in the inpatient setting. Patients were divided into two cohorts: pre-implementation of the MBS Impairment Profile (MBSImP; low rate, normal dose) and post-implementation (high rate, low dose). Prior to implementation, pulse rate and dose testing were performed on multiple phantoms. RESULTS Four hundred and forty-nine patients were included in the pre-implementation cohort and 378 in the post-implementation cohort. Phantom dose testing demonstrated no significant difference in dose on either phantom between low rate/normal dose and high rate/low dose modes. Prior to MBS standardisation, the mean radiation dose was 5.86 (±4.35) mGy. Following standardisation, the mean radiation dose was 4.72 (±3.77) mGy (p CONCLUSION Adjustments made to lower the dose mode and the increase in fluoroscopy frame rate decreased the patient radiation dose and did not increase fluoroscopy time.
Short-Pulse Radar via Electromagnetic Wavelets

The new theory of physical wavelets makes it possible to perform radar and sonar analysis directly in the space-time domain, based on fundamental principles underlying the emission, reflection, and reception of electromagnetic and acoustic waves1,2. Being independent of the Fourier transform and even of the usual (affine) wavelet transform, this formalism is therefore equally well suited for ultrawideband or short-pulse radar as for narrowband or continuous-wave radar. However, Fourier analysis does have a natural place in this theory and can be used easily when spectral questions are of interest.
Combination of cannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by altering the gut microbiome

Abstract Currently, a combination of marijuana cannabinoids including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) is used as a drug to treat muscle spasticity in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Because these cannabinoids can also suppress inflammation, it is unclear whether such patients benefit from suppression of neuroinflammation and if so, what is the mechanism through which cannabinoids act. In the currently study, we used a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to study the role of gut microbiota in the attenuation of clinical signs of paralysis and inflammation caused by cannabinoids. THC + CBD treatment attenuated EAE and caused significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IFN-γ while promoting the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. Use of 16S rRNA sequencing on bacterial DNA extracted from the gut revealed that EAE mice showed high abundance of mucin degrading bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muc), which was significantly reduced after THC + CBD treatment. Fecal Material Transfer (FMT) experiments confirmed that THC + CBD-mediated changes in the microbiome play a critical role in attenuating EAE. In silico computational metabolomics revealed that LPS biosynthesis, a key component in gram-negative bacteria such as A. muc, was found to be elevated in EAE mice which was confirmed by demonstrating higher levels of LPS in the brain, while treatment with THC + CBD reversed this trend. EAE mice treated with THC + CBD also had significantly higher levels of short chain fatty acids such as butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids compared to naive or disease controls. Collectively, our data suggest that cannabinoids may attenuate EAE and suppress neuroinflammation by preventing microbial dysbiosis seen during EAE and promoting healthy gut microbiota.
The Future Is Female (and Behavior Analysis): A Behavioral Account of Sexism and How Behavior Analysis Is Simultaneously Part of the Problem and Solution

In 2015, females accounted for 82.2% of Board Certified Behavior Analysts (Nosik & Grow, 2015, "Prominent Women in Behavior Analysis: An Introduction," The Behavior Analyst, 38, 225-227). Females represent most certificants, yet their presence in research and on editorial boards for peer-reviewed journals is lower than males' presence (Li, Curiel, Pritchard, & Poling, 2018, "Participation of Women in Behavior Analysis Research: Some Recent and Relevant Data," Behavior Analysis in Practice, 11, 160-164). Various contingencies are certainly involved, which may include instances of sexism or gender-based discrimination. Despite behavior analysis having the means to change contingencies that reinforce sexism, the discipline is not adequately taking cultural contingencies into consideration. As a result, behavior analysis is simultaneously part of the problem and the potential solution. Moreover, behavior analysis has not adequately studied sexism and its subtle topographies despite sexism being a long-existing behavioral phenomenon. The purpose of the current paper is to provide a behavioral account of sexism, particularly in the field of behavior analysis. Feminism as a culture and views of feminism from males and females will be further examined, as well as their implications for behavior change. Finally, recommendations for cultural and individual change will be discussed to promote gender equity.
Consuls, Industrial Innovations and a Walking Stick (1852–1865)

The decade following that first Parsi step onto U.S. soil saw some significant moments in cross-cultural interaction, including the establishment of formal American consular relations in Bombay. In 1852, a merchant named Dossabhoy Merwanji Wadia was nominated as acting U.S. Vice-Consul in Bombay. The journalist Bayard Taylor, in Bombay in early 1853, wrote of the hospitality shown to him by Dossabhoy and his family. Dossabhoy’s company worked with many American firms operating in the U.S., China, and Zanzibar. His nephew, Rustomji Hirjibhoy, was hosted by one such firm when he visited Boston and New York in late 1860–1861. Rustomji left America as the Civil War began. The following year, two other Parsi businessmen toured northeastern America, one of whom penned the first Parsi impressions of the United States, published in Gujarati by a Parsi-owned press. The Civil War in America had a lasting impact on Bombay commerce and banking, making and breaking the fortunes of several companies in which Parsis had a stake.
Glomus jugulare tumor presenting as mastoiditis in a patient with familial paraganglioma syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract Glomus jugulare paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare, slow-growing, hypervascular lesions that represent a type of extra-adrenal PGL, originating within the wall of jugular bulb. We report the first case of a 59-year-old woman with hereditary PGL syndrome, who was initially diagnosed with mastoiditis as the only radiological finding of an evolving jugular foramen PGL. Mastoiditis can be the presenting symptom of a jugular PGL due to eustachian tube dysfunction. High index of clinical suspicion is important before initiating treatment for mastoiditis in patients with familial PGL syndromes, obviating the need for early work-up with magnetic resonance imaging.
Impact of Induction Therapy in Cardiac Transplant Patients in the Current Era

Purpose Approximately half of all heart transplant programs utilize induction therapy during the early postoperative period. However, differences in survival using modern induction therapies have not been investigated in the current era. Methods We selected all adult patients from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who underwent first time heart transplantation between 2008-2017 and received either induction therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG; n= 3747) or basiliximab (n=5157) or had no induction treatment (n=10,485). Kaplan Meier curves and multivariable Cox models compared the differences in survival among all three groups. Results Mean age of patients was 53.5 years and 25.7% were females. In general, patients who received ATG had longer wait times on the waitlist, had slightly higher ischemic times and there were fewer male recipients with female donors in this group. Upon follow up, 4,236 patients died. Kaplan Meier curves as displayed (Figure) suggested improved survival for those who received ATG compared to Basiliximab. In multivariable models, compared to patients who received ATG, those who received Basiliximab had higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.11; p 0.02). There were no statistical differences in survival when patients who received ATG were compared to those who did not receive any induction therapy. Conclusion In conclusion, induction therapy with ATG is associated with marginal survival benefit compared to induction therapy with basiliximab however there were no differences in long-term survival of patients who receive ATG when compared to those who did not receive any induction therapy.
Hydrotreated vegetable oil as enabler for high-efficient and ultra-low emission vehicles in the view of 2030 targets

Abstract Studies consider the influence of biofuels on the decarbonization of the transport system not negligible. The employment of fossil fuels with an even higher degree of renewable biofuel content, produced with a mature technology process, such as the Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO), are expected to increase. The research community expects valuable research results to exploit the HVO characteristics in ultra-low emission vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. In this context, new findings in setting combustion control parameters through proper experimental design are carried out on a modern internal combustion engine architecture. An advanced injection system capable of precise close-coupled multiple injections per cycle was utilized. Steady-state engine operating conditions were selected for this experimental study. Combustion, efficiency, and engine-out emissions indicators with HVO fuel are compared with standard diesel. For assessing the difference in combustion stages, a second derivative method data analysis was performed. It is found that in comparison to diesel fuel, HVO significantly reduces regulated engine-out emissions at the same efficiency and EU 6c NOx emissions targets. To this aim, a specific set of engine control parameters were adopted. The PM decreased up to 10 %, corresponding to 0.18 g/kWh, while the CO2 reduced by about 7–8% in the range of 0.2–0.5 g/kWh. The decrease of the total PN ranges between 10 and 55%, depending on the control strategy and test point, and the particle distribution shifts towards smaller particle sizes. Outstanding improvements of the NOx-soot trade-off are verified, which in turn demonstrates the capability to operate the engine at post-EU6 NOx conditions without performance and comfort penalties. Engine-out CO and HC emission reductions are confirmed.
Diseases and Insect Pests of Sandalwood

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) grows naturally under suitable conditions in different parts of India. Large-scale plantation programmes are taken up to reduce the gap between demand and supply as the natural stocks are dwindling. Its cultivation in agroforestry system is increasing day by day. Sandalwood seedlings and grafted plants face problems from insect pests and diseases, which take a heavy toll and sometimes the whole stock is wiped off. Hence, to raise a healthy plantation of this economically important plant, knowledge on its diseases and insect pests are of utmost importance. More than 150 insects are known to occur on Sandalwood, but only a few have been recorded as serious, causing huge economic losses. The most important pests are defoliators, sapsuckers, stem borers and termites. The seedling diseases (damping off and wilt) of Sandalwood are found to take a heavy toll in the nurseries. The causal organisms have been identified as Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora species and nematodes. Spike disease is an important disease of Sandalwood, which has attracted attention of scientists, foresters and economists. A few number of control measures are standardized for pest and disease management in Sandalwood. Eco-friendly, environmentally non-degrading and economically viable biological control of insect pests has also been tried in recent past for the pest management in Sandalwood.
Organizational Characteristics Influence Implementation of Worksite Health Protection and Promotion Programs: Evidence From Smaller Businesses.

Objective:We explored associations between organizational factors (size, sector, leadership support, and organizational capacity) and implementation of occupational safety and health (OSH) and worksite health promotion (WHP) programs in smaller businesses.Methods:We conducted a web-based survey of h
An Arithmetic Analogue of Fox's Triangle Removal Argument

We give an arithmetic version of the recent proof of the triangle removal lemma by Fox [Fox11], for the group F n . A triangle in F n is a tuple (x,y,z) such that x + y + z = 0. The triangle removal lemma for F n states that for every " > 0 there is a � > 0, such that if a subset A of F n requires the removal of at least " · 2 n elements to make it triangle-free, then it must contain at least � · 2 2n triangles. We give a direct proof which gives an improved lower bound for � (as a function of "), analogous to the one obtained by Fox for triangle removal in graphs. The improved lower bound was already known to follow (for triangle-removal in all groups), ′ |
Cyclin-dependent kinase 11p110 and casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibit the interaction between tyrosine hydroxylase and 14-3-3.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is regulated by the reversible phosphorylation of serines 8, 19, 31 and 40. Upon initiation of this study, serine 19 was unique due to its requirement of 14-3-3 binding after phosphorylation for optimal enzyme activity, although it has been more recently demonstrated that phosphorylated serine 40 also binds 14-3-3. To identify proteins that interact with TH following phosphorylation of serine 19, this amino acid was mutated to alanine and THS19A was used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system. From this, mouse-derived cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11)p110 was identified as an interacting partner with THS19A. The interaction was confirmed using human CDK11p110 cDNA in a mammalian system. Previous research has demonstrated that casein kinase 2 (CK2) interacts with CDK11p110, and both were observed to phosphorylate TH in vitro. In addition, CDK11p110 overexpression was observed to inhibit the interaction between TH and 14-3-3. A mechanism contributing to disruption of the interaction between TH and 14-3-3 may be due to CK2 phosphorylation of specific 14-3-3 isoforms, i.e. 14-3-3 τ. Collectively, these results imply that CDK11p110 and CK2 negatively regulate TH catecholamine biosynthetic activity since phosphoserine 19 of TH requires 14-3-3 binding for optimal enzyme activity and a decreased rate of dephosphorylation.
Continuous-time security pricing. A utility gradient approach

Abstract We consider a (not necessarily complete) continuous-time security market with semimartingale prices and general information filtration. In such a setting, we show that the first-order conditions for optimality of an agent maximizing a ‘smooth’ (but not necessarily additive) utility can be formulated as the martingale property of prices, after normalization by a ‘state-price’ process. The latter is given explicitly in terms of the agent's utility gradient, which is in turn computed in closed form for a wide class of dynamic utilities, including stochastic differential utility, habit-forming utilities, and extensions.
Crafting Museum Experiences in Light of Research on Learning: Implications of the National Research Council’s Report on Informal Science Education

Abstract In this article, the editors of the recent National Research Council report Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits discuss the report’s implications for museum professionals. The report is a synthesis of some 2,000 studies and evaluations of learning in non-school settings such as museums. Here we focus on three specific topics discussed in the full report, which we see as particularly important for museum professionals. These are: a framework for developing and studying science learning experiences; cultural diversity as an integral resource for learning; and assessment of learning. Many museums include “learning” among their goals and many researchers concern themselves with how museums and other settings can be organized to support learning. Yet this wealth of research is rarely brought into focus and offered as guidance to the museum community.
Rapid thermal processing of CIS precursors

An alternative process for CuInSe/sub 2/ formation is presented. In this approach, a binary two-layer precursor CuSe/In-Se is first deposited on a Mo/glass substrate at low temperature by migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE). When the Se ambient is controlled, rapid thermal processing (RTP) is able to synthesize single phase CuInSe/sub 2/. The structure, morphology, and composition of the films were characterized by XRD, SEM and ICP.