cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat capacities of alpha-iron(II) molybdate and iron(II) molybdate-II from 5 to 350 K☆

Heat capacities of iron(II) molybdate-II (a metastable high-pressure phase) and of two samples of alpha-iron(II) molybdate were measured over the temperature range 5 to 350 K by means of adiabatic calorimetry. Rounding of lambda anomalies found at (43.0 ± 0.1) K for FeMoO4-II and at (31.5 ± 0.1) K and (31.75 ± 0.1) K for two different samples of α-FeMoO4 is attributed to impurity introduced by hitherto unreported slow air oxidation of these substances. Excess entropies associated with magnetic ordering were estimated as 1.11 calth K−1 mol−1 for FeMoO4-II and 1.77 and 1.63 calth K−1 mol−1 for the two samples of α-FeMoO4. At 298.15 K, the values of Cp0, S0, “H0(T) − H0(0)’, and −“G0(T) − H0(0)’T, respectively, are 29.05 calth K−1 mol−1, 30.93 calth K−1 mol−1, 4852.3 calth mol−1, and 14.656 calth K−1 mol−1 for FeMoO4-II, and 28.31 calth K−1 mol−1, 32.7 calth K−1 mol−1, 4963 calth mol−1, and 16.1 calth K−1 mol−1 (selected composite values) for α-FeMoO4.
Chemical characterization of honey bees by curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-pattern recognition

Abstract Valcarce, R. and Smith, G.G., 1989. Chemical characterization of honey bees by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-pattern recognition. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 6: 157-166. Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with the application of three different multivariate pattern recognition programs [SPSS-X (hierarchical cluster analysis), MVSP (principal component analysis) and FCVPC-87 (fuzzy c-varieties pattern recognition)] was used to develop an alternative technique for discriminating European, African, Africanized, and F 1 , hybrid honey bees based on non-morphological characteristics. FCVPC-87 was also employed to evaluate the pyrograms for the discriminating chemical features responsible for differentiating these bees. The chemical identities of the discriminating peaks were determined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Designer gap junctions that prevent cardiac arrhythmias

Cardiac gap junctions are specialized membrane structures comprised of arrays of intercellular channels responsible for propagation of the cardiac impulse. These channels are formed by oligomerization of individual protein subunits known as connexins. In response to a broad array of pathologic stressors, gap junction expression is disturbed, resulting in aberrant cardiac conduction and increased propensity for rhythm disturbances. In this article, we review some of the recently identified molecular regulators of connexin assembly, membrane targeting, and degradation, focusing on the role of post-translational phosphorylation of connexin 43, the major gap junctional protein expressed in ventricular myocardium. We also describe efforts to engineer "designer" gap junctions that are resistant to pathologic remodeling.
Behaviour of the uranyl (UO22+) ion in different strongly acidic media: characterisation of UO22+ in common acids by electronic absorption spectroscopy

The linear uranyl (UO 2 2+ ) ion has been characterised by electronic absorption spectroscopy in the media of four highly concentrated acids: sulfuric, nitric, acetic, and hydrochloric acids. In sulfuric acid, the magnitude of splitting (cm -1 ) of the vibronic peaks in the UO 2 2+ spectra increased linearly as molar concentration of the acid increased from zero to 18 M. Such an unprecedented spectral progression has been attributed to the high concentrations of sulfuric acid reducing the extent of coordination of water molecules to the central uranium atom of UO 2 2+ . This is believed to reduce the electron density in the uranium valence shell and decrease the electrostatic repulsion between the uranium and oxygen valence shells, making the U=O bonds stronger. It results in the observed increase in splitting of the vibronic peaks. In nitric acid, a completely different spectral feature of uranyl was observed. First, as molar concentration of nitric acid increased, the vibronic structure in the UO 2 2+ spectra disappeared gradually and the absorption band became continuous at 6 M. As the acid concentration further increased, vibronic lines were resolved in the lower-energy side of the spectra. The higher-energy side remained continuous with no vibronic structure observed. The convergence limit (cm -1 ), the borderline between vibronic peaks in the lower-energy side and a continuous band in the higher-energy side, decreased linearly as the molarity of nitric acid increased from 8 M to 16 M. All this shows that nitric acid, with involvement of its conjugate nitrate anion, has made UO 2 2+ dissociative beyond the convergence limit of its excited state. In acetic acid, as the molar concentration of the acid increased from zero to 17.5 M, the UO 2 2+ spectra exhibited three-stages of progression due to a predominating coordination of a carboxyl group to UO 2 2+ ([HOAc] = 0―9 M), dissociation of UO 2 2+ at the convergence limit of its excited state ([HOAc] = 10―14 M), and formation of an undissociative excited state for UO 2 2+ ([HOAc] = 15―17.5 M). In hydrochloric acid, UO 2 2+ exhibited a comparable spectral feature to that observed in nitric and acetic acids due to a predominating coordination of the chloride anion to UO 2 2+ .
A comparison of NH4+ and NO3– net fluxes along roots of rice and maize

Net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3– along adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the primary seminal root of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated under nonperturbing conditions using ion-selective microelectrodes. The roots of rice contained a layer of sclerenchymatous fibres on the external side of the cortex, whereas this structure was absent in maize. Net uptake of NH4+ was faster than that of NO3– at 1 mm behind the apex of both rice and maize roots when these ions were supplied together, each at 0·1 mol m–3. In rice, NH4+ net uptake declined in the more basal regions, whereas NO3– net uptake increased to a maximum at 21 mm behind the apex and then it also declined. Similar patterns of net uptake were observed when NH4+ or NO3– was the sole nitrogen source, although the rates of NO3– net uptake were faster in the absence of NH4+. In contrast to rice, rates of NH4+ and NO3– net uptake in the more basal regions of maize roots were similar to those near the root apex. Hence, the layer of sclerenchymatous fibres may have limited ion absorption in the older regions of rice roots.
American Pediatric Surgical Association New Technology Committee review on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for childhood cancer

Abstract Background/Purpose Although the use of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques for children with cancer is being practiced by some, its role remains unclearly defined. The purpose of this review was to describe the current literature on MIS for thoracic and mediastinal lesions in children. Methods We performed a literature search for English studies that evaluated MIS techniques for biopsy or resection in children with suspected or established cancer. Only studies with greater than 20 patients were included in the review. Results Ten studies were included for review. Each represented institutional retrospective reviews of experience. Seven were single-institution studies, and 3 were multi-institutional. There were no prospective nor randomized identified. Conclusions Based on primarily retrospective and observational data, the use of MIS for children with cancer who have pulmonary and mediastinal lesions seems to be effective and safe. Ideally, prospective studies are needed to evaluate this further.
Prospective evaluation of electroencephalography, carotid artery stump pressure, and neurologic changes during 314 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed in awake patients.

Objective This study attempted to correlate neurologic changes in awake patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) under cervical block anesthesia (CBA) with electroencephalography (EEG) and measurement of carotid artery stump pressure (SP). Methods Continuous EEG and SP monitoring was measured prospectively in 314 consecutive patients undergoing CEA between April 1, 2003, and July 30, 2006, under CBA. Indications for CEA were asymptomatic 70% to 99% internal carotid artery stenosis in 242 (77.1%), transient ischemic attacks (including transient monocular blindness) in 45 (14.3%), and prior stroke in 27 (8.6%). Mean common carotid artery pressure before clamping, mean SP after carotid clamping, and intraarterial pressure were continuously monitored in all patients. An indwelling shunt was placed when neurologic events (contralateral motor weakness, aphasia, loss of consciousness, or seizures) occurred, regardless of SP or EEG changes. Results Shunt placement was necessary because of neurologic changes in 10% (32/314) of all CEAs performed under CBA. Only 3 patients (1.4%) of 216 required shunt placement if SP was 50 mm Hg or more, vs 29 (29.6%) of 98 if SP was less than 50 mm Hg (P Conclusions Ten percent of patients required a shunt placement during CEA under CBA. Shunt placement was necessary in 56.8% of patients with SP less than 40 mm Hg. EEG identified cerebral ischemia in only 59.4% of patients needing shunt placement, with a false-positive rate of 1.0% and a false-negative rate of 40.6%. Both SP and EEG as a guide to shunt placement have poor sensitivity. Intraoperative monitoring of the awake patients under regional anesthesia (CBA) is the most sensitive and specific method to identify patients requiring shunt placement.
Two-Dimensional Half-Rate Codes Using Two-Dimensional Finite-Field Filter Banks

This correspondence introduces two-dimensional (2-D) filter bank codes (TDFBCs). The synthesis bank of a two-channel two-dimensional filter bank over a finite field is used to design the 2-D code, and the corresponding analysis bank is used to generate the syndrome of the code. First, we study the encoder of half-rate TDFBCs and show that these linear codes are lattice-cyclic. It is proven that any 2-D lattice-cyclic code can also be generated by a 2-D filter bank. Second, we introduce a methodology to design TDFBCs over binary erasure channels. These codes have a simple and efficient maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm for burst erasures. We show that half-rate TDFBCs of dimensions N1 X N2/ can recover burst erasures of size up to N1 X N2 /2 and N1 /2 X N2 using the proposed decoding technique. Finally, we present examples of TDFBCs that satisfy the Reiger bound with equality, i.e., they are capable of correcting any burst of size N1 X N2 /2 .
Longitudinal changes in adult fat-free mass: influence of body weight

Background: Almost all of the data on changes in body composition during aging are cross-sectional in nature. These show that fat-free mass (FFM) declines with age. Objective: The goal was to analyze results of assays done in the author's laboratory of the FFM of normal adults studied at intervals for ≥2 decades to ascertain longitudinal changes. Design: 40 K counting was used to estimate FFM in adult university personnel (15 men, 5 women) over periods ranging from 21 to 38 y. No advice was given about diet or exercise. Results: There was considerable variation in the change of FFM over time. Some subjects lost FFM as the years went by, whereas others actually gained FFM. Analysis of the data showed that change in body weight was a prime factor in determining the magnitude and direction of the FFM change (R 2 = 0.54). Adults who maintained their weight lost an average of 1.5 kg FFM per decade and so gained an equal amount of fat; those who lost weight lost even more FFM, whereas those who gained weight either gained FFM or lost it more slowly than the others. Data from the literature confirmed this trend. Conclusions: FFM loss is not inevitable during adulthood-at least up to age 81 y, the oldest age yet studied. The magnitude and direction of the FFM change, be it positive or negative, is strongly influenced by change in body weight.
Modeling the Frozen-In Anticyclone in the 2005 Arctic Summer Stratosphere

Abstract. Immediately following the breakup of the 2005 Arctic spring stratospheric vortex, a tropical air mass, characterized by low potential vorticity (PV) and high nitrous oxide (N2O), was advected poleward and became trapped in the easterly summer polar vortex. This feature, known as a "Frozen-In Anticyclone (FrIAC)", was observed in Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data to span the potential temperature range from ~580 to 1100 K (~25 to 40 km altitude) and to persist from late March to late August 2005. This study compares MLS N2O observations with simulations from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model, the GEOS-5/MERRA Replay model, and the Van Leer Icosahedral Triangular Advection (VITA) isentropic transport model to elucidate the processes involved in the lifecycle of the FrIAC, which is here divided into three distinct phases. During the "spin-up phase" (March to early April), strong poleward flow resulted in a tight isolated anticyclonic vortex at ~70–90° N, marked with elevated N2O. GMI, Replay, and VITA all reliably simulated the spin-up of the FrIAC, although the GMI and Replay peak N2O values were too low. The FrIAC became trapped in the developing summer easterly flow and circulated around the polar region during the "anticyclonic phase" (early April to the end of May). During this phase, the FrIAC crossed directly over the pole between 7 and 14 April. The VITA and Replay simulations transported the N2O anomaly intact during this crossing, in agreement with MLS, but unrealistic dispersion of the anomaly occurred in the GMI simulation due to excessive numerical mixing of the polar cap. The vortex associated with the FrIAC was apparently resistant to the weak vertical shear during the anticyclonic phase, and it thereby protected the embedded N2O anomaly from stretching. The vortex decayed in late May due to diabatic processes, leaving the N2O anomaly exposed to horizontal and vertical wind shears during the "shearing phase" (June to August). The observed lifetime of the FrIAC during this phase is consistent with timescales calculated from the ambient horizontal and vertical wind shear. Replay maintained the horizontal structure of the N2O anomaly similar to MLS well into August. Isentropic simulations using VITA also captured the horizontal structure of the FrIAC during this phase, but small-scale structures maintained by VITA are problematic and show that important mixing processes are absent from this single-level simulation.
Branching Microtubule Nucleation in Xenopus Egg Extracts Mediated by Augmin and TPX2

The microtubules that comprise mitotic spindles in animal cells are nucleated at centrosomes and by spindle assembly factors that are activated in the vicinity of chromatin. Indirect evidence has suggested that microtubules also might be nucleated from pre-existing microtubules throughout the spindle, but this process has not been observed directly. Here, we demonstrate microtubule nucleation from the sides of existing microtubules in meiotic Xenopus egg extracts. Daughter microtubules grow at a low branch angle and with the same polarity as mother filaments. Branching microtubule nucleation requires γ-tubulin and augmin and is stimulated by factors previously implicated in chromatin-stimulated nucleation, guanosine triphosphate(GTP)-bound Ran and its effector, TPX2. Because of the rapid amplification of microtubule numbers and the preservation of microtubule polarity, microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation is well suited for spindle assembly and maintenance.
Going my way: a user-aware route planner

Going My Way is a mobile user-aware route planner. The system collects GPS data of a user's everyday locations and provides directions from an automatically selected set of landmarks that are close to the destination, informed by the user's usual travel patterns. In this paper, we present a brief description of the system, the results of a preliminary experiment in memory and recognition of landmarks, in addition to the results of a user evaluation of the system.
Parenting styles and overweight status in first grade.

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine the relationship between the 4 parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful) and overweight status in first grade. METHODS. Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were analyzed. Children with complete data for parenting parameters at 54 months and measured weight and height in first grade were included in the analysis. Overweight was defined as BMI of ≥95th percentile. The 4 parenting styles were constructed with 2 scales, namely, maternal sensitivity and maternal expectations for child self-control. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between parenting style and overweight in first grade, controlling for gender, race, maternal education, income/needs ratio, marital status, and child behavior problems. RESULTS. A total of 872 children, 11.1% overweight and 82.8% white, were included in the analysis. Children of authoritarian mothers (n = 298) had an increased risk of being overweight, compared with children of authoritative mothers (n = 179). Children of permissive (n = 132) and neglectful (n = 263) mothers were twice as likely to be overweight, compared with children of authoritative mothers. Of the covariates, only income/needs ratio was significant and did not alter the relationship between parenting style and overweight risk. CONCLUSIONS. Among the 4 parenting styles, authoritarian parenting was associated with the highest risk of overweight among young children. Understanding the mechanisms through which parenting styles are associated with overweight risk may lead to the development of more-comprehensive and better-targeted interventions.
Kinematic control of parallel robots in the presence of unstable singularities

Parallel mechanisms frequently contain an unstable type of singularity that has no counterpart in serial mechanisms. When the mechanism is at or near this type of singularity, it loses the ability to counteract external forces in certain directions. The paper considers an interesting alternative to redundant actuation through the application of additional kinematic constraint via passive joint braking in the close neighborhood of unstable poses. The brake has the advantage of not requiring additional actuator/sensor pairs or mechanism architecture redesign, and of being implemented only when necessary to stabilize the system. The kinematic analysis of braked mechanisms is supported with results using a six degree-of-freedom parallel machining mechanism.
Near-Optimal n-Layer Channel Routing

In this paper we present two n-layer channel routing algorithms that guarantee successful routing of the channel for n greater than three. The first is linear and optimal given a VHV...HV assignment of layers. The second, using an HVH...VH layer assignment, is quasilinear and performs optimally on examples from the literature. Except in pathological cases, we expect the latter router to perform within one row of optimal. For comparison with published examples we implemented the second router in five and three layers. The five-layer implementation routed all examples optimally while the three-layer implementation routed the examples with the same or fewer rows than the published examples. With its n-layer capability this channel router will allow channel routing to be used when more than three layers are available. This router can also be used to evaluate the utility of additional layers.
Hexagonal Pixels, Arrays, And Sampling

This paper looks at the processing of multidimensional bandlimited signals which have been sampled on hexagonal lattices. The hexagonal sampling theorem and its attendant aliasing are reviewed and algorithms for digital filtering and interpolation between hexagonal and rectangular lattices are presented. The efficiency of these procedures is discussed. The hexagonal lattice is shown to possess some definite advantages compared to the rectangular lattice with respect to computational complexity, particularly for isotropic systems. These advantages, however, probably do not outweigh the need for interpolation on data which has already been sampled on a rectangular lattice.
Expression and functional characterization of the plant antimicrobial snakin-1 and defensin recombinant proteins

In this study, for the first time, functionally active, recombinant, cysteine-rich plant proteins snakin-1 (SN1) and defensin (PTH1) were expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression system. The overall level of antimicrobial activities of SN1 and PTH1 produced in Escherichia coli was commensurate with that of the same proteins previously obtained from plant tissues. Both proteins exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 1.5–8 lM) and antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum coccoides and Botrytis cinerea (IC50 5–14 lM). Significantly weaker activity was observed against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. A pronounced synergistic antimicrobial effect against P. syringae pv. syringae and an additive effect against P. syringae pv. tabaci occurred with a combination of SN1 and PTH1. Aggregation of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus bacterial cells at all protein concentrations tested was observed with the combination of SN1 and PTH1 and with SN1 alone. Our results demonstrate the use of a cost effective prokaryotic expression system for generation and in vitro characterization of plant cysteine-rich proteins with potential antimicrobial activities against a wide range of phytopathogenic microorganisms in order to select the most effective agents for future in vivo studies.
Are rotating planes of satellite galaxies ubiquitous

We compare the dynamics of satellite galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to simple models in order to test the hypothesis that a large fraction of satellites co-rotate in coherent planes. We conrm the previously-reported excess of co-rotating satellite pairs located near diametric opposition with respect to their host, but show that this signal is unlikely to be due to rotating discs (or planes) of satellites. In particular, no overabundance of co-rotating satellites pairs is observed within 20 50 of direct opposition, as would be expected for planar distributions inclined relative to the lineof-sight. Instead, the excess co-rotation for satellite pairs within 10 of opposition is consistent with random noise associated with undersampling of an underlying isotropic velocity distribution. Based upon the observed dynamics of the luminous satellite population, we conclude that at most 10% of isolated hosts harbor co-rotating satellite planes (as traced by bright satellites).
Apparent metabolizable energy of crude glycerin originating from different sources in broiler chickens

An energy balance experiment was conducted to determine the AME(n) of various crude glycerin samples, and to generate an equation to predict AME(n) of crude glycerin based on its chemical composition. Dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal basal diet with no added glycerin and a basal diet supplemented with 6% glycerin. Crude glycerin samples were obtained from biodiesel production facilities throughout the United States, which use a variety of lipid products as their initial feedstock. Two identical energy balance trials were conducted. In each trial, 864 male broilers (Ross × Ross 708) were fed a common starter diet until 17 d of age when they were switched to 1 of 12 experimental diets (6 replicates per treatment) from 17 to 22 d of age, with a 48-h collection period on d 21 and 22. Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy values of crude glycerin samples were estimated by difference, whereby AME(n) of the basal diet was subtracted from the complete diet containing the test ingredient. The AME(n) of the basal diet and US Pharmacopeia-grade glycerin were determined to be 3,085 and 3,662 kcal/kg, respectively, whereas the AME(n) of the 10 crude glycerin samples ranged from 3,254 to 4,134 kcal/kg. Two crude glycerin samples had high levels of fatty acids compared with the other samples (24 and 35% vs. <0.30%), and even though their AME(n) was higher than that of the other glycerin samples (3,806 vs. 3,611 kcal/kg, P < 0.01, respectively), their AME(n) as a percentage of gross energy (GE) was lower than that of the other samples (65.5% vs. 97.4%, respectively; P < 0.01). Including all of the glycerin samples, the stepwise regression equation to predict AME(n) was determined to be: [AME(n) (kcal/kg) = 1,605 - (19.13 × % methanol) + (39.06 × % fatty acid) + (23.47 × % glycerin)]; (R(2) = 0.25; SE = 379; P ≤ 0.01). These data indicate that glycerin is a good source of energy for broilers, and the AME(n) of glycerin is dependent on fatty acid, methanol, and water contents.
Tetrathiomolybdate versus Trientine in the Initial Treatment of Neurologic Wilson's Disease

ABSTRACTBackground: The initial treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson's disease is problematic. Penicillamine, used for years on most patients, causes neurologic worsening in up to half of such patients, and half of those who worsen never recover. Zinc, ideal for maintenance therapy, is too slow for these acutely ill patients. We have developed tetrathiomolybdate (TM) for this type of patient, and it has worked well in open label studies. Trientine, another anticopper drug on the market approved for penicillamine intolerant patients, had not been tried in this type of patient. Here, we report on a double blind trial of TM versus trientine in the neurologically presenting Wilson's disease patient. Design and Methods: The study was a double blind design in which patients received either TM plus zinc, or trientine plus zinc, for 8 weeksThis study was originally published in reference 1. Patients were accepted if they presented with neurologic symptoms from Wilson's disease, if they had not been treated longer than 4 weeks with penicillamine or trientine. Patients were followed in the hospital for the 8 weeks of treatment with weekly semiquantitative neurologic and speech examinations, to evaluate possible neurologic worsening. They also had blood and urine studies done weekly. At discharge from hospital they were continued on zinc maintenance therapy, and returned at yearly intervals for 3 years for further evaluation. Results: Twenty-three patients were entered into the trientine arm and 6 reached criteria for neurologic deterioration, while 25 patients were entered into the TM arm and only 1 deteriorated (p < 0.05). One patient on trientine had an adverse event while 7 on TM had adverse events. All adverse events were mild. Four patients in the trientine arm died during follow-up, 3 having shown initial neurologic deterioration, 2 patients in the TM arm died. In those patients who did not deteriorate or die, neurologic and speech recovery over 3 years was good. Interpretation: TM is a superior choice to trientine for the initial therapy of neurologic Wilson's disease.
Extracting coarse boundary features for video processing

We present a method to extract coarse boundary features from discrete cosine transform (DCT) compressed blocks. Video sequences usually contain enormous data for video processing. Decompressing data and then processing uncompressed data is computational intensive. Moreover, this may yield erroneous results due to processing unnecessary data. Our goal is to extract coarse boundary features without decompressing original data, and then to eliminate insignificant blocks for decompressing. The extracted features provide information about the smoothness, the boundary visibility, and the boundary structure of a block. We give an application of using coarse features for video object segmentation.
Thelohanellus toyamai (Syn. Myxobolus toyamai) Infecting the Gills of Koi Cyprinus carpio in the Eastern United States

Abstract A myxozoan resembling species of Thelohanellus was isolated from the gills of koi (Cyprinus carpio) cultured in North Carolina. Plasmodia measuring ∼200 µm in diameter contained tear-shaped myxospores containing a single pyriform polar capsule. The spore body was concave on one side, measuring 16.2 (14.7–16.8) µm long and 5.6 (4.5–6) µm wide. The polar capsule was 6.4 (5.8–7.2) µm long and 4.2 (3.4–4.6) µm wide, containing a polar filament coiled perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spore body making 8 turns. Occasionally, an oblong, irregularly shaped mass of protoplasm was observed between the polar capsule and spore capsule. Analysis of 18S small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequence demonstrated this isolate as a 99.9% match with Myxobolus toyamai from gills of C. carpio. However, the case isolate lacked the characteristic second polar capsule of Myxobolus, morphologically placing it within the Thelohanellus. Here we supplement genetic sequence data with histopathology, an amended morpholog...
Malignant melanoma: Molecular cytogenetics and their implications in clinical medicine

From D tio The th Fund Conf Repr D D St 0190 a 20 doi:1 Dialogues in Dermatology, a monthly audio program from the American Academy of Dermatology, contains discussions between dermatologists on timely topics. Commentaries from Dialogues Editor-inChief Jacqueline M. Junkins-Hopkins, MD, are provided after each discussion as a topic summary and are provided here as a special service to readers of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:329-32.)
The effects of substratum type on the growth, mortality, and photophysiology of juvenile corals in St. John, US Virgin Islands

article i nfo Coral larvae are selective with regards to the surfaces upon which they settle, but little is known about the outcome of these choices. In this study, we explored the implications for juvenile scleractinians (b40-mm diameter) of growing on igneous versus carbonate rock on the shallow reefs (5-m depth) of St. John, US Virgin Islands. Surveys revealed that juvenile corals occurred at densities of 16 colonies m −2 and were distributed on igneous and carbonate rocks in proportion to the abundance of these surfaces, suggesting that larvae do not discriminate between rock types at settlement. Repeated surveys demonstrated that all juvenile corals (i.e., pooled among taxa) grew 41% slower on igneous versus carbonate rock between January and August, but not between August and January when the growth was statistically indistinguishable between rock types. Although the growth of the most common juvenile coral, Porites astreoides, was similar on both substrata, the photophysiology of this species was affected by the type of rock. The maximum relative electron transfer rate (rETR, a proxy for photosynthesis) of P. astreoides was down-regulated 30% on igneous compared to carbonate rock. Phylogenetic analyses of the Symbiodinium community sequence profiles within P. astreoides revealed significant differences between substrata, with a greater diversity of co- occurring ITS-2 sequences in corals growing on carbonate compared to igneous rock. While substratum- dependent patterns in the characteristics of juvenile corals suggested there is selective value to the settlement choices made by larvae, these trends did not translate into differences in survival, at least over the time scale investigated. It remains uncertain what features of the rocks affected coral performance, but differences in the temperature of the rock may be an important feature during the warmest period of the year.
Distributed shared memory: where we are and where we should be headed

It has been almost ten years since the birth of the first distributed shared memory (DSM) system, Ivy. While significant progress has been made in the area of improving the performance of DSM, and DSM has been the focus of several dozen PhD theses, its overall impact on "real" users and applications has been small. The goal of this paper is to present our position on what remains to be done before DSM will have a significant impact on real applications. More specifically, we reflect on what we believe have been the major advances in the area, what the important outstanding problems are, and what work needs to be done. Finally, we describe a modest step towards solving these problems, the Quarks DSM system.
THE DEMAND FOR FISH: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE OWN-PRICE ELASTICITY

Several studies have estimated the demand for fish using a variety of modeling procedures. In light of differences in the literature, we perform a meta-analysis of the own-price elasticity of fish from a survey of 168 studies. Regressing the own-price elasticity on study characteristics, we find the own-price elasticity is sensitive to demand specification, data issues, estimation method, and publication characteristics. Also, not only is the demand for salmon more price elastic compared to other fish, but the U.S. demand for fish is more price elastic compared to other countries.
Indoctrination and the Space of Reasons.

The “paradox of indoctrination” has proven to be a persistent problem in discussions of the cultivation of autonomy through education. In short, if indoctrination means instilling beliefs without reasons, and if children lack the rational capacity to evaluate reasons, how can that capacity be cultivated without indoctrination? Some educational theorists have relied on a transcendental justification of rational autonomy that avoids indoctrination, while others have accepted that some indoctrination is inevitable, focusing instead on defending acceptable forms of indoctrination. In this essay, Chris Hanks draws on a conception of rationality, mind, and nature developed by John McDowell to suggest an alternative understanding of the relation between indoctrination and autonomy. He argues that McDowell’s notion of the “space of reasons” defuses standard debates about indoctrination. Here, rationality is understood in both a naturalistic sense, whereby the development of autonomy is the process of being awakened to the space of reasons, and in a sui generis sense, whereby reason cannot be reduced to mechanistic principles or relations. The implications of this view for education point us to the notion of Bildung as the process that cultivates rational autonomy.
THE ROLE OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS IN DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH DEMINERALIZATION OF THE HUMAN SKELETON

Generalized osteitis fibrosa may be differentiated from other skeletal dystrophies which are clinically similar. This condition is characterized by a high serum calcium content, low plasma phosphates, increased excretion of calcium in the urine, and negative calcium balance; an adenomatous tumor of one or more parathyroid glands has always been found at postmortem examination and nearly always at operation, while the remaining glands are normal in size and structure. There is no good evidence that Paget's disease is caused by hyperparathyroidism. In this condition the calcium and inorganic phosphate content of the blood are normal; the calcium balance in the chronic phase of the disease is markedly positive; the output of urinary calcium is greatly decreased; and the parathyroid glands are usually found to be entirely normal in size and in microscopic structure. Ankylosing polyarthritis is probably not caused by hyperparathyroidism because, in this condition, although the serum calcium may be slightly above normal, the inorganic phosphates of the plasma are normal; the calcium balance is positive; the parathyroid glands have been reported enlarged, but usually this enlargement was symmetrical, involving all of the parathyroids similar to that reported in cases of rickets or low calcium osteomalacia. In experimental animals the addition of vitamin D and of adequate calcium and phosphorus to the diet will result in decrease in size of the enlarged parathyroid glands as well as healing of the skeletal disease. Parathyroidectomy in cases of ankylosing polyarthritis or of Paget's disease is not a justifiable procedure unless there is more adequate evidence of parathyroid gland pathology than has been presented in reports of cases in the literature. Demineralization of the skeleton in polyarthritis may be accounted for as atrophy of disuse.
The influence of imperfect matching habitat choice on evolution in source–sink environments

Studies of evolution in source–sink environments can illuminate when to expect niche conservatism, versus niche evolution. A species can persist in habitats outside its ecological niche (sinks, where mean fitness <1), given recurrent immigration from source habitats within the niche. Persistence of this demographic asymmetry among habitats over many generations (despite recurrent exposure of a species to the sink habitat) is tantamount to niche conservatism. We have previously shown that given genetic variation in a trait determining fitness in both source and sink, “perfect” phenotype-specific habitat choice substantially speeds up adaptation to the sink. (With perfect habitat choice, individuals disperse out of the source if and only if expected fitness in the sink is greater.) However, we observed that sometimes imperfect matching habitat choice could hamper sink adaptation. We explore this observation in more detail, using individual-based simulations for evolution of a single quantitative trait. With imperfect habitat choice and one-way adult dispersal (source to sink), adaptation in the sink can be slowed, relative to phenotype-independent dispersal. This counterintuitive result reflects directional effects of emigration on the source genetic distribution, which shifts in a way that hampers sink adaptive evolution. However, with bidirectional juvenile dispersal, imperfect habitat choice caused a strong increase in sink adaptation. Thus, the likelihood of niche conservatism or evolution may depend in a sensitive way on factors such as the life history stage, directionality, and imperfection of non-random dispersal. More broadly, our results (along with other recent results) illustrate that non-random dispersal can profoundly influence evolution via how it molds the pool of genetic variation available for selection.
Walls Versus Doors: Mobility, Confinement and Reconciliation

In the aftermath of violence  whether in our homes, communities, or across countries  communities might abstain from reconciliation and thus begin to build the walls of their own imprisonment isolating themselves from one another and building arbitrary dividing lines. Families are torn apart and nations are torn asunder. Violence breeds further violence and isolation through lack of access to justice in some contexts, and legal measures to physically detain marginalized people and that isolate them further in others. We recede into ourselves and sit alone behind our prison walls. We become little more than numbered ghosts. Rarely do we reach to aspects of our heritage(s), sit down together and embrace one another.I would like to convey this notion of prison by utilizing the chair a symbol of repose while the rest of the world keeps going. Chairs are an absolute necessity in modern civilization. They often signify a space of security, respite, settlement, and a level of comfort. We can get trapped within the framework of our subjective lives and we forget to breathe, we forget to talk, we forget to touch. We begin to formulate our own personal prisons barricading ourselves from the rest of humanity.I will display an instillation featuring figures (casted from male, female, young, old) sculpted from plaster in various poses. There will be many pairs of figures interacting with their chairs (sitting down, praying, contemplating, etc.) but the figures will be isolated from each other by a series of walls/doors. These walls/doors will address both the physical institution of prison as well as the prisons we build around ourselves so that we are no longer capable of reaching out to one another.
The Linked CENTURY Study: linking three decades of clinical and public health data to examine disparities in childhood obesity

Despite the need to identify the causes of disparities in childhood obesity, the existing epidemiologic studies of early life risk factors have several limitations. We report on the construction of the Linked CENTURY database, incorporating CENTURY (Collecting Electronic Nutrition Trajectory Data Using Records of Youth) Study data with birth certificates; and discuss the potential implications of combining clinical and public health data sources in examining the etiology of disparities in childhood obesity. We linked the existing CENTURY Study, a database of 269,959 singleton children from birth to age 18 years with measured heights and weights, with each child’s Massachusetts birth certificate, which captures information on their mothers’ pregnancy history and detailed socio-demographic information of both mothers and fathers. Overall, 74.2 % were matched, resulting in 200,343 children in the Linked CENTURY Study with 1,580,597 well child visits. Among this cohort, 94.0 % (188,334) of children have some father information available on the birth certificate and 60.9 % (121,917) of children have at least one other sibling in the dataset. Using maternal race/ethnicity from the birth certificate as an indicator of children’s race/ethnicity, 75.7 % of children were white, 11.6 % black, 4.6 % Hispanic, and 5.7 % Asian. Based on socio-demographic information from the birth certificate, 20.0 % of mothers were non-US born, 5.9 % smoked during pregnancy, 76.3 % initiated breastfeeding, and 11.0 % of mothers had their delivery paid for by public health insurance. Using clinical data from the CENTURY Study, 22.7 % of children had a weight-for-length ≥ 95th percentile between 1 and 24 months and 12.0 % of children had a body mass index ≥ 95th percentile at ages 5 and 17 years. By linking routinely-collected data sources, it is possible to address research questions that could not be answered with either source alone. Linkage between a clinical database and each child’s birth certificate has created a unique dataset with nearly complete racial/ethnic and socio-demographic information from both parents, which has the potential to examine the etiology of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity.
Ideals and Ideas: Platonism in La Princesse de Clèves

Religious motif, almost totally absent as it is from the narrative of Mme de Lafayette's La Princesse de Cl`ves, cannot by itself stand as the foundation of the protagonist's moral choices. This article undertakes the study of the two parallel ideological influences on the thematics of the heroine's thought. One is the evident Platonism of the Jansenists and Saint Augustine, which was current in Christian thought in seventeenth century France. The other, more pertinent one is the secular Neoplatonism of the Baroque as it derives from Plato's Dialogues. Finally, the opposition between the Princesse's doubly Platonic idealism and her suitor's Aristotelian, neoclassical code of ethics is brought to light.
Examination of YBa2Cu3O6+x precursor sol using 13C NMR Spectroscopy and Quasielastic Laser Light Scattering

The structural evolution of YBa2Cu3O6+x precursor sol was investigated using 13C NMR and quasielastic light scattering. A polydisperse colloidal suspension of yttrium, barium and copper alkoxides was characterized as hydrolysis and complexation reactions occurred. Light scattering data showed that the average particle size of a copper(II) alkoxide suspension decreased by a factor of 5 (1100 nm to 220nm) with the addition of the yttrium and barium alkoxides over a period of 24 hours. The acquired particle size data correlated well with 13C NMR spectra, which showed initial peak broadening and the copper complexing to the yttrium and barium as a function of hydrolysis time.
Simulation studies on hydrogen sorption and its thermodynamics in covalently linked carbon nanotube scaffold.

Carbon nanotubes are potential hydrogen storage materials because of their large surface area and high sorbate―surface interaction energy due to the curvature effect. However, single walled carbon nanotubes bundle up tightly, so most of their surface areas become inaccessible for adsorption. As a solution, spacer molecules can be used to hold the tubes at a distance from each other in a scaffolded structure. Here, using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation, we show that scaffolds can achieve high sorption capacity. We analyze the sorption capacity of (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), (15, 15), (18, 18), and (21, 0) tube scaffolds with linker distances along the c-axis ranging from 8.14 to 24.4 A, as a function of tube diameter and spacer density, for various temperatures and pressures. In order to explore additional avenues to further improve the sorption capacity, we studied surface functionalized and Li 1 ion decorated nanotube scaffolds. We also report the thermodynamics of sorption based on isosteric heat.
Study of off-diagonal disorder using the typical medium dynamical cluster approximation

We generalize the typical medium dynamical cluster approximation and the local Blackman, Esterling, and Berk method for systems with off-diagonal disorder. Using our extended formalism we perform a systematic study of the effects of nonlocal disorder-induced correlations and off-diagonal disorder on the density of states and the mobility edge of the Anderson localized states. We apply our method to the three-dimensional Anderson model with configuration-dependent hopping and find fast convergence with modest cluster sizes. Our results are in good agreement with the data obtained using exact diagonalization and the transfer-matrix and kernel polynomial methods.
Auxiliary beam pair design in mmWave cellular systems with hybrid precoding and limited feedback

Auxiliary beam pairs are proposed in millimeter-wave cellular systems for closed-loop hybrid precoding. Pairs of custom designed analog beams are formed to help acquire channel information. It is shown via simulations that auxiliary beam pairs have lower complexity and better achievable rates with a moderate amount of feedback, compared to conventional beam training methods.
Practical Application of the Lancaster Red-Green Test

(1964). Practical Application of the Lancaster Red-Green Test. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 57-63.
Two Sector Growth Models

In this and the next chapters, we consider models in which the economy consists of two types of commodities, consumption goods and investment (or capital) goods. It will be recalled that in a single good economy, the commodity served both consumption and investment needs. In practice, however, it will be more appropriate to treat the production and demand for the two types of commodities separately. We first review the static two-sector, two-factor model and derive many propositions which will be useful in discussing open economy models. Issues on dynamic behavior of these models are then explored.
Epigenomics of intestinal disease

Complex interactions between genes and the environment drive the development of chronic intestinal diseases. In particular, the microbiota in the intestinal environment appears to significantly impact intestinal heath and susceptibility to disease. New research has begun to examine mechanisms underlying how signals derived from the microbiota are integrated by mammalian cells. Epigenomic mechanisms enable changes in gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. Consistent with this theory of epigenomic regulation, recent work has suggested that epigenomic modifications and the enzymes that maintain DNA and histone modifications integrate local microbial signals to regulate intestinal homeostasis. Here, we will cover links between epigenomics and intestinal development and homeostasis, the microbiota, immune regulation in the intestine, chronic intestinal diseases, and therapeutic approaches. Future studies will continue to move toward a more complete picture of how genetic, diet-derived, and microbial cues are integrated by the epigenome in the development and progression of intestinal disease.