cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence use and advocacy coalitions: Intermediary organizations and philanthropies in Denver, Colorado

The increasing involvement of philanthropists in education policy has contributed to the emergence of a dynamic sector of intermediary organizations (IOs), entities that serve a number of functions in school reform, including advocacy, consultation, policy design, alternative teacher and leadership preparation, and research. In recent years, many IOs have converged into coalitions that are pushing for incentivist educational policies like “parent trigger” laws, charter schools, vouchers, and teacher merit pay or sanctions often tied to value added metrics of teacher performance. This article draws on data from a mixed-methods, multiyear study of research use and dissemination. In this article, we examine the role of foundations in a broader advocacy coalition in Denver, Colorado, a key site for various incentivist reforms, including teacher pay-for-performance and charter schools. We find that IOs and their affiliated networks broker the production and use of research evidence, often targeting government and education policymakers, journalists, and increasingly, influential bloggers and social media communities. This brokering function positions foundations as the “hub” of research production, promotion, and utilization.
Socioeconomic status and infant mortality: evidence from a rural agricultural state.

Abstract This research examines the nature and extent to which the tradtional inverse relationship between infant mortality and socioeconomic status holds true in Kansas for the years around 1950,1960, and 1970. A social-area ranking approach and correlation and regression analysis failed to show the significant inverse relationship reported by other researchers. Contrary to expectations, a blurring and narrowing of this relationship resulted over the three time periods. A significant negative correlation resulted between the percentage of rural farm residents in counties and infant mortality, indicating that the social organization characteristics of a rural state may provide a quality of life that transcends traditional socioeconomic differentials.
Prevention of child sexual abuse: a survey of 87 programs.

In the past, child sexual abuse prevention programs have been examined for changes in children's knowledge, attitude and skills about preventing sexual abuse. Although many studies challenge prevention programs to incorporate a variety of methods, including parent education and community awareness efforts, little is known about how prevention programs actually function in their community contexts. This exploratory study reports data from 87 programs as provided by program leaders and advocates. Variables considered include: funding, types of materials and approaches utilized, barriers encountered, length of program existence, demographics of target populations, and demographics of those spearheading local prevention programs. Prevention leaders indicated that program continuance is affected by factors such as adequate and secure funding, community level of denial, competing agendas, and community collaboration. This study also documents that programs are responding to challenges in the literature to improve prevention program components, although one-time programs for children are still the norm. Language: en
LEARNING ORGANISATION SURVEY - AN ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING

Intensive care units are complex working environments, which are constantly assessed and reviewed against national standards. Hence it is more important to constantly self-evaluate and improve quality of care and clinical outcomes. The concept of organisational learning is adopted by the health care industry [1] from the commercial industry, which has benefitted from increased productivity and performance. It is hypothesized that by creating a culture of organisational learning, quality of care and outcomes could be bettered. As a strategy to develop the organisational learning, we are introducing in-situ simulation in our intensive care unit. Creating a supportive learning environment, incorporating concrete learning processes and practices, and a leadership reinforcing the learning, form the foundation blocks of the organisational learning [2].
Analyzing Containment Leakage from a Sodium Fire by the Response Surface Method

The SPOOL-FIRE code has been used with the response surface method and a Monte Carlo simulation to study sodium fire accidents. The study provides a simple method of estimating the radioactive release via containment leakage; the sensitivity of the output consequences to the variations in the input parameters is also presented.
A Note on the Canonical Form of the Thrust-Programming Problem for Power-Limited Flight

will be used to construct the Hamiltonian function for some special cases of this problem. The two integrals of the variational equa­ tions which were obtained by Irving and Blum will be identified as the Hamiltonian and a component of generalized momentum corresponding to an ignorable coordinate. An integral for nonplanar trajectories will also be given. While the problem con­ sidered here is for powered trajectories in a central field, this method is applicable to more general problems if Lagrange multipliers are used and makes it possible to obtain certain integrals quite readily. The equations of motion of a rocket in inverse-squar e-law central field of strength fx with the origin at the center are fr = r - rd* + (ju/r 2) (2) fe = r6 + 2fO (3) where r and 6 are the polar coordinates of the rocket, and fr and fe are the radial and transverse components of the thrust per unit mass, respectively. The thrust per unit mass is
Practical dose reduction tips for abdominal interventional procedures using CT-guidance

Reducing the radiation dose should be an endeavor not only for diagnostic CT exams but also for interventional procedures using CT-guidance. Given that interventional procedures vary in scope and complexity, there is greater variability in radiation doses delivered during CT procedures. The goal in an interventional procedure is simply to advance the interventional instruments into the target lesions, and as such diagnostic level doses are not required and only narrow scan range scans need to be acquired. Adherence to the principles outlined in this article will allow such procedures to be performed with reduced radiation doses.
Epidemiology at the edge.

The worlds of scientific research and public policy could not be more different?an observation I make from the perspective of both sides. I have worked as a policymaker, first as an advocate for a non-governmental or? ganization and then for 6 years as the Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Pro? tection. I now see these differences from the vantage point of the head of a research organization that at? tempts to provide scientific evidence relevant to policy decisions. At the edge between these two worlds are five fundamental differences. First, there is the tension between science's need, over an extended period of time, to come to a robust under? standing of a biological, physical, or other process, and the policy maker's need (especially when political pres? sure has built) to make a decision and act in a timely fashion. There are frequently pressures and frustrations when decision makers need "answers" from science, and scientists respond, not surprisingly, with cautiously pre? sented, conditional findings, which may or may not be directly relevant to the policy question. Second, there is the tension between science's desire to be objective, driven by the facts of carefully con? structed observational studies and experiments, and the adversarial nature of policy making, where advocates see "facts" as useful only if they lend advantage to their position in the debate. Beneath this tension is also the fact that scientists are human beings, with beliefs on larger world issues; in some cases it can be a challenge to maintain a balance between those beliefs and the impartiality (perceived or actual) of scientific research. Third, there is the tension within science between basic and applied research, with a strong predisposition to value basic research (and the deeper insights it is thought to bring), over research specifically designed to inform public questions. This tension is further amplified by differences between disciplines, with epidemiologic studies often having the potential to be more directly relevant to decisions about public health, but viewed by other disciplines (eg toxicology) as less "scientific." Fourth, there is a tension between the questions pol? icy makers want answered and the techniques available to scientists to answer them. Environmental policy mak-
Indicators for Ionic Copper in Biology

Despite its status as a trace element in many organisms, copper is garnering increased interest for its biological functions and potential roles in many diseases. This review summarizes recent progress in the use of fluorescent indicators for determining copper ions in a variety of biological matrices. Following a brief summary of the chemistry and biology of Cu(I) and Cu(II), the review covers both organic fluorescent indicators as well as biologically derived fluorescent indicators or sensors. The future outlook for improved indicators and sensors is discussed.
Object-oriented Reconstruction of a Power Dispatch Log Information Model

The supporting role of a dispatch log system in dispatch operation is limited by its irrational information model. In view of the current demands of East China power grid real-time dispatch, an event-oriented dispatch log information model is proposed by twice object-oriented reconstructing the original information model, which is conducive to the hierarchy cognition and weakness identification of the power grid, and a new dispatch log system is built in accordance with this model. The effects of reconstruction show that the event-oriented dispatch log information model is worth promoting for its capability of increasing the efficiency of dispatch and reducing the possibility of maloperation.
Improved Seal for a 4 K Gifford-McMahon Cryocooler

Gifford-McMahon refrigerators operating at ~ 4 K are currently used to cool SIS mixers on radio telescopes at the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland array. The refrigerators are constructed by adding third stages onto standard 2-stage GM cryocoolers; Er3Ni spheres are used as the low temperature regenerators. The refrigeration capacity is 50 mW at 3.5 K.
Concentrated Learning: A Linear Approach to Knowledge for Higher Education

Can concentrated learning be a viable avenue for education? The first validation of this idea appeared in 1985 when Boddy used a quasi-experimental design to compare several aspects of concentrated and traditional classes at the University of Nebraska (Boddy 1985). The results of his study were inconclusive with respect to the efficacy of the concentrated learning vs. the traditional course design. In 2006–2007, Baun conducted a similar study in a legal skills course to determine the learning and retention of a traditional and concentrated course format for legal skills training. Following a series of studies and successful experiments with concentrated formats at the University of Montana Western (UMW) between 2006 and 2009, the institution became “the first public, four-year campus… to adopt a one-class-at-a-time immersion (i.e., “concentrated”—author note) scheduling for the majority of classes” (p. 66). This chapter explores the efficiency and efficacy of concentrated learning, including findings, student assessments of concentrated learning, a comparison of actual hours on course and data as to the neuro-physical and psychological effects of such concentrated learning. It also suggests ways to adopt such a one-class-at-a-time scheduling and highlights what this means for faculty and faculty development to achieve a successful outcome.
A Risk Score to Assist Selecting Lobectomy Versus Sublobar Resection for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background The long-term survival benefit of lobectomy over sublobar resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer must be weighed against a potentially increased risk of perioperative mortality. The objective of the current study was to create a risk score to identify patients with favorable short-term outcomes following lobectomy. Methods The 2005–2012 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing a lobectomy or sublobar resection (either segmentectomy or wedge resection) for lung cancer. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to determine factors associated with 30-day mortality among the lobectomy group and to develop an associated risk score to predict perioperative mortality. Results Of the 5,749 patients who met study criteria, 4,424 (77%) underwent lobectomy, 1,098 (19%) underwent wedge resection, and 227 (4%) underwent segmentectomy. Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous cerebrovascular event, functional status, recent smoking status, and surgical approach (minimally invasive versus open) were utilized to develop the risk score. Patients with a risk score of 5 or lower had no significant difference in perioperative mortality by surgical procedure. Patients with a risk score greater than 5 had significantly higher perioperative mortality after lobectomy (4.9%) as compared to segmentectomy (3.6%) or wedge resection (0.8%, p Conclusions In this study, we have developed a risk model that predicts relative operative mortality from a sublobar resection as compared to a lobectomy. Among patients with a risk score of 5 or less, lobectomy confers no additional perioperative risk over sublobar resection.
The Habenulo-Interpeduncular Pathway and Nicotine Withdrawal

The neurobiological mechanisms mediating nicotine dependence have increasingly become more clearly defined through recent investigations of circuit function. Various signaling mechanisms in the habenula and its main projection site, the interpeduncular nucleus, have been found to be important regulators of negative affective states evident during nicotine dependence and withdrawal. This chapter first describes our current understanding of the habenular nuclei with respect to their anatomical structure, projections, and distinct genetic, molecular, and electrophysiological profiles. Thereafter, the functions of specific habenular subnuclei are discussed in relation to nicotine-mediated aversive processing. As such, nicotinic signaling mechanisms in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway are clearly emerging as essential regulators of nicotine aversion and withdrawal.
Prediction Using Fundamentals

The data mining and machine learning literature is now flush with scenarios about predicting baseball players’ salaries from their prior year's number of hits and walks and about predicting the product sales from the prices, customer income, and level of advertising. These are amazing and noteworthy stories. They inspire data scientists to continue their cause. The classic examples feature a large two-dimensional array of cases as rows with the independent variables, also known as the stimulus variables, and the predictable variables, also known as the response variables, as columns. If we are predicting an athlete's salary, this figure is hand-tuned by the people who negotiate contracts. Better athletic production yields better salaries as athletes are constantly compared to one other. The salary is a figure updated usually one time per year at most. And only a handful of people are involved in setting the athlete's salary or the price of a consumer item. So these represent ideal cases in predictability. Unfortunately, prediction in the case of financial analytics never turns out to be as accurate as in these sports and marketing areas. There is just more random noise in the financial markets with prices that are updated every second of every trading day. Thousands of participants are involved. Every security is affected by many other securities. For example, oil prices are affected not only by oil supply and demand and by the volume of trades at each incremental oil price level but by interest rates and various foreign exchange rates. Nevertheless, one can try these financial predictions using the same techniques in order to experiment and observe what can be predicted. The process of attempting prediction yields at least two benefits. On the one hand, it may be possible to predict attributes from combinations of other attributes: in this case, response variables from stimulus variables. If this was the case, we can stand alongside those other successes in other areas of data science. On the other hand, prediction may not be possible or even all that useful, however; the collection exercise, getting all the data into rows and columns of the array, provides observations that can be made in an unsupervised learning sense. And discoveries can be made by applying thresholds or sorting and filtering the attributes to find maximally performing securities, as we are able to observe in Chapter 7.
Prospective Case-crossover Study Investigating the Possible Association Between Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Exposure.

Objective To evaluate the association between intermittent phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) exposure and risk of acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using a case-crossover design. Methods Male adults with suspected NAION were enrolled at 41 US ophthalmology sites from 2010 to 2015 and were interviewed regarding risk factors for NAION, medical history, and PDE5i use before NAION onset (index date of onset [IDO]). An adjudication committee confirmed the NAION cases. The primary analysis, using the person-time method, examined the rate of PDE5i exposure within 5 half-lives of NAION onset relative to PDE5i exposure over a 30-day study period preceding the IDO in men exposed to PDE5i intermittently as a measure of NAION risk associated with PDE5i exposure. Rate ratios were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel estimator. Secondary analyses included person-time analyses over the 12-months preceding the IDO and matched-interval analyses over 42 days preceding the IDO. Results Of 279 men with confirmed NAION, 22 were exposed to PDE5i intermittently within 30 days of IDO. The Mantel-Haenszel rate ratio for risk of NAION associated with PDE5i exposure within 5 half-lives of IDO was 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-5.20) over the 30-day period (n = 22) and 3.52 (95% CI: 1.59-7.79) over the 12-month period (n = 26). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results and were statistically significant. The matched-interval method found no association (hazard ratio = 1.64 [95% CI: 0.60-4.51]). Conclusion Overall, the study suggests an increased risk of NAION associated with PDE5i use. Patients and health-care providers should continue to weigh the risks and benefits of PDE5i use, including the potential for NAION.
Forensic Pathology Fellowship Training Issues and Suggestions

This article is a summary of tasks required of forensic pathology fellowship program directors and puts forth the idea that the amount of effort and time required to comply with Accreditation Counc...
Surgical Management of Supraglottic Stenosis Using Intubationless Optiflow

Objective:Airway management during endoscopic surgical treatment of supraglottic and pharyngeal stenosis is often challenging and can be accomplished by various means, including tracheostomy, jet v...
Characterization of a chloroplast inner envelope P-ATPase proton pump

P-ATPases such as the plasma membrane proton pump are known to generate a phosphorylated intermediate as a step in their reaction mechanism; phosphoenzyme formation is a basis for classification of an ATPase as a member of this subfamily of ion pumps. The chloroplast inner envelope is known to contain a H+-ATPase which acts to maintain an alkaline stroma and, thus, optimal photosynthesis. Our characterization of this chloroplast envelope proton pump described in this report focused on determining whether purified chloroplast inner envelope membrane protein preparations containing this ATPase form a phosphorylated intermediate. Incubation of envelope membranes with [γ-32P]ATP documented the formation of P-type ATPase phosphoenzyme intermediates by these membrane protein preparations. Our work cannot discount the possibility that more than one chloroplast inner envelope ATPase contributes to this phosphoenzyme formation. However, the kinetics of this phosphoenzyme formation, along with the sensitivity of phosphoenzyme formation to inhibitors and other assay conditions suggested that one of the envelope membrane proteins which is covalently radiolabeled by [γ-32P]ATP is a P-type H+-ATPase. Autoradiography of chloroplast envelope membrane proteins size fractionated on lithium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE indicated that the phosphoenzyme intermediate corresponds to a 103 kDa polypeptide. P-type proton pumps are known to be comprised of a single type of ∼100 kDa subunit. Experimental evidence presented in this report is consistent with the classification of a chloroplast inner envelope H+-ATPase as a P-type proton pump.
How Teachers and Schools Contribute to Racial Differences in the Realization of Academic Potential

Background/ContextThe fulfillment of academic potential is an underdeveloped area of inquiry as it relates to explaining racial differences in academic outcomes. Examining this issue is important f...
Competing values in archaeological heritage

Over these past decades, changes in the global political and socioeconomic arena underscore the complex nature of archaeological heritage in different parts of the world, while policies and managin...
Firearm Legislation Stringency and Firearm-Related Fatalities among Children in the US.

Background Firearm-related injuries are the second leading cause of pediatric deaths in the US. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of both state child access prevention (CAP) laws and gun regulations on pediatric firearm mortality. We hypothesized that states with more stringent firearm legislation had lower pediatric firearm mortality. Study Design We used 2014-2015 firearm mortality data from the Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, 2014 Brady scores (used to quantify stringency of state gun regulations) and CAP laws. State-level covariates were obtained from government sources, including the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Department of Education. Spearman rank correlations and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between overall pediatric firearm mortality and gun regulations. We also examined the relationship between gun regulations and firearm-related homicides and suicides. Results Annually, there were approximately 2,715 pediatric firearm fatalities among children; 62.1% were homicides and 31.4% suicides. There was a moderate negative correlation between states' firearm legislation stringency and overall pediatric firearm mortality (ρ = −0.66; p Conclusions Strict gun legislation and CAP laws are associated with fewer pediatric firearm fatalities and firearm suicides, respectively, though no such association was identified with pediatric firearm homicides. Although more studies are needed to determine causality, state-level legislation could play an important role in reducing pediatric firearm-related deaths.
Attention is all you need for Videos: Self-attention based Video Summarization using Universal Transformers.

Video Captioning and Summarization have become very popular in the recent years due to advancements in Sequence Modelling, with the resurgence of Long-Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and introduction of Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). Existing architectures extract spatio-temporal features using CNNs and utilize either GRUs or LSTMs to model dependencies with soft attention layers. These attention layers do help in attending to the most prominent features and improve upon the recurrent units, however, these models suffer from the inherent drawbacks of the recurrent units themselves. The introduction of the Transformer model has driven the Sequence Modelling field into a new direction. In this project, we implement a Transformer-based model for Video captioning, utilizing 3D CNN architectures like C3D and Two-stream I3D for video extraction. We also apply certain dimensionality reduction techniques so as to keep the overall size of the model within limits. We finally present our results on the MSVD and ActivityNet datasets for Single and Dense video captioning tasks respectively.
Inpatient Management of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia

People with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to be hospitalized and have longer durations of hospital stay than those without DM [1]. Approximately one in four patients admitted to the hospital has a known diagnosis of DM [2, 3], and about 30% of patients with DM require two or more hospitalizations in any given year [3]. A 2007 study estimated that 22% of all hospital inpatient days were incurred by people with DM and costs associated with hospitalization for DM patients accounted for half of all healthcare expenditures for the disease [4]. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of DM in the Unites States since that time [5], it is likely these figures have only increased. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with or without a previous diagnosis of DM is associated with many adverse outcomes and longer lengths of hospital stay [6, 7]. It is estimated that one-third of all hospitalized patients will experience significant hyperglycemia [8] and many patients without preexisting DM will also experience stress-related hyperglycemia while hospitalized [9].
Carbon-14 content in surface soils near atmospheric and below ground nuclear detonations.

Global and regional releases of 14C have resulted from nuclear weapons testing activities; assessment of the chemical behavior and mechanisms of environmental transport and deposition of this radionuclide can assist remediation strategy development efforts and provide insights into global carbon cycling processes. This work reports a systematic evaluation of 14C in surface soils taken from the Nevada National Security Site. Surface soil samples are derived from above- and underground test locations, with underground test sites representing a range from near complete containment to uncontrolled radioactive releases. Only one surface soil taken from a underground test location (i.e. the Baneberry shot) shows elevated 14C concentrations (319 ± 9 pMC) in addition to elevated concentrations of 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu above regional backgrounds. Surface soils from above-ground test locations show extremely high 14C content (~1000 to 10,000 pMC); elevated concentrations of 152Eu and 60Co for these soils are also observed, with 137Cs at or below background levels. Taken together, these data suggest that 14C in surface soils from above-ground tests is primarily derived from in-situ neutron activation of the native soil material, whereas 14C in surface soils from underground tests may be from either recondensed particulate material or soil activation.
Flap-Footed Lizards (Gekkota: Pygopodidae) Have Forelimbs, Albeit During Embryonic Development

Limb reduction among squamate clades is common; limbless (forelimbs, hindlimbs, or both) forms have had at least 25 independent origins among snakes and lizards. The general evolutionary pattern is the gradual loss of limb elements proceeding from the toes to the shoulder or hip. In contrast, forelimbs are not known to have ever existed in snakes. Forelimbs are not known for either stem or crown snakes; snake fossils lack forelimbs and the embryos of modern snakes lack the signaling pathways that initiate forelimb development. Both fossil and developmental data thus imply an abrupt loss of forelimbs. In contrast, the well-developed hindlimbs of the oldest fossil snakes and vestigial hindlimbs of some basal clades of modern snakes imply the historical presence of hindlimbs, and their gradual reduction during snake evolution. In contrast, observations on limb-reduced lizards are in accord with gradual reduction of both fore- and hindlimbs; embryos of even limbless species initiate limb development. The question then arises, have any clades of limbless lizards become limbless abruptly, as have snakes? To address this question, I examined limb development in the family Pygopodidae. Like basal snakes, pygopodids are characterized by the absence of forelimbs and by vestigial hindlimbs. My observations on the development of forelimb buds in Delma molleri support gradual limb reduction, as do observations on other limbless lizards. Nonetheless, many clades of limbless lizards are yet to be studied and hence provide a wealth of opportunities to address modes of limb reduction and loss in squamate reptiles.
Prospective Peer Review in Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning: Long-Term Results From a Longitudinal Study

Abstract Purpose To present the longitudinal results of a prospective peer review evaluation system (PES) before treatment planning. Methods and Materials All cases undergoing radiation therapy (RT) at high-volume academic institutions were graded in daily prospective multidisciplinary contouring rounds (CRs). The clinical suitability for RT, prescription, contours, and written directives were peer reviewed, compared with departmental care pathways, and recorded in a prospective database. Grades were assigned as follows: A (score 4.0) = no deficiencies; B (3.0) = minor modifications of the planning target volume, organs at risk, written directives, or a prescription/care pathway mismatch; and C (2.0) = incomplete target volume or organ-at-risk contours, unsuitable use or inappropriate planned administration of RT, significant contour modifications, prescription changes, or laterality modifications. Information was pooled to determine pretreatment planning work performance by assigning a grade point average (GPA) for each physician as well as compositely. Results A total of 11,843 treatment plans from 7854 patients were reviewed using the PES from September 2013 to May 2018. Twenty-seven point nine percent of cases (n = 3303) required modifications before treatment planning commenced. The overall breakdown of grades was 72.1% As, 21.7% Bs, and 6.2% Cs. The median physician CR GPA was 3.60 (average 3.7) with a range of 3.0 to 3.9. Seventy-five percent of physicians demonstrated improvement of their CR GPA since inception of the program, and all physicians demonstrated a drop in the percentage of cases that were assigned a grade of C. Conclusions The PES can transparently quantify clinical performance in a single metric. The PES was impactful, with 75% of physicians demonstrating improvement in their CR GPA over time. In contrast to traditional chart rounds, this peer review was meaningful when done before planning commenced, a trend that was observed throughout the study period. Twenty-seven point nine percent of all cases required modification before starting treatment planning, and 6.2% of cases required significant remediation.
Relationship between heifer carcass maturity and beef quality characteristics

Our objective was to determine the relationship between heifer carcass maturity and beef palatability of the longissimus lumborum (LM) and biceps femoris (BF). Left sides of A (n = 30), B (n = 30), and C (n = 30) maturity heifer carcasses under 30 mo of age by dentition were used. Carcasses were selected to ensure similar marbling scores across maturity groups (Small to Modest). Beef strip loins (LM) and outside rounds (BF) were obtained from these carcasses. Steaks were used to measure color stability, lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), soluble and insoluble collagen, and consumer sensory perceptions. Heifer carcass maturity did not affect pH, fluid loss, WBSF, or collagen content of LM or BF steaks (P > 0.29). In LM and BF steaks, a maturity × day of retail display interaction occurred for TBARS, in which B maturity steaks had lower levels of lipid oxidation compared with A and C maturity steaks from the fourth day to the end of the retail display (P 0.24). Similarly, maturity had no effect on sensory characteristics of BF steaks (P > 0.30). In conclusion, our results indicate that advanced physiological maturity does not decrease palatability of strip loin or outside round steaks from carcasses of heifers under 30 mo of age.
Current Management and Treatment Options for Breast Pain

Breast pain is a commonly experienced symptom in women of all ages and can significantly impact quality of life. Fear of cancer prompts many patients to report their pain, although risk for malignancy is low in the absence of a palpable mass or other abnormal finding on breast examination. All patients with breast pain should have a thorough history and physical examination to determine if diagnostic imaging is indicated. Management of breast pain without anatomic or radiographic abnormalities depends on pain type and severity. Often, no intervention is required. However, for women with pain that adversely impacts daily living, short-term therapies may be considered. For mild to moderate pain, a trial of conservative, nonpharmacologic strategies should be tried first. For those with severe symptoms impacting quality of life, a trial of pharmacologic therapy can be considered after appropriate counseling for medication-related adverse effects. Herein, we have provided a concise summary of a generalized approach to classification, assessment, and management of breast pain.
Detection of four imperiled western North American freshwater mussel species from environmental DNA with multiplex qPCR assays

Abstract We developed multiplexed, species-specific, quantitative PCR assays for the detection of four freshwater mussel species native to western North America, Gonidea angulata, Margaritifera falcata, Anodonta nuttalliana and Anodonta oregonensis, from environmental DNA (eDNA). These species have experienced dramatic declines over the last century and are currently threatened in many portions of their ranges. Therefore, improved tools for detecting and monitoring these species are needed. Species-specificity and sensitivity of assays were empirically tested in the lab, and multiplex assays were also validated with field collected eDNA samples. All assays were species-specific, sensitive, and effective for detection from eDNA samples collected from streams and rivers. These assays will aid in the detection, monitoring, management, and conservation of these vulnerable species.
Deep Learning on Knowledge Graph for Recommender System: A Survey.

Recent advances in research have demonstrated the effectiveness of knowledge graphs (KG) in providing valuable external knowledge to improve recommendation systems (RS). A knowledge graph is capable of encoding high-order relations that connect two objects with one or multiple related attributes. With the help of the emerging Graph Neural Networks (GNN), it is possible to extract both object characteristics and relations from KG, which is an essential factor for successful recommendations. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the GNN-based knowledge-aware deep recommender systems. Specifically, we discuss the state-of-the-art frameworks with a focus on their core component, i.e., the graph embedding module, and how they address practical recommendation issues such as scalability, cold-start and so on. We further summarize the commonly-used benchmark datasets, evaluation metrics as well as open-source codes. Finally, we conclude the survey and propose potential research directions in this rapidly growing field.
Application of quasi-static modal analysis to a finite element model and experimental correlation

Abstract Bolted joints not only provide critical connections in assembled structures but are also a significant source of damping. The damping induced by joints is often nonlinear, which is currently not captured by typical modeling practices. A method that was recently proposed by Festjens, Chevallier, and Dion addresses this by using a quasi-static loading to infer the effective stiffness and damping of each mode of a structure. Allen and Lacayo further developed this method, demonstrated its efficacy for structures where the joints were represented with discrete Iwan elements, and dubbed the method quasi-static modal analysis. This work expands on those studies by applying quasi-static modal analysis to 2-D and 3-D FE models in which the geometry, contact pressure, and friction in the joint are modeled in detail. Coulomb friction is assumed between the nominally flat contacting surfaces. In order to obtain confidence in the predictions, the mesh density, contact laws, and other solver settings are explored to understand what is needed to obtain accurate results for this type of problem. The studies are culminated with a first ever comparison between measurements and quasi-static predictions of the amplitude dependent natural frequency and damping ratio of a mode of a real structure. The results to date are promising but highlight areas in which further research is needed.
Implementation Science Is Important for Understanding and Advancing Beverage Taxes

Together, these studies point to consistent increases in price (with variation by store type and geographic location) and reductions in sales of taxed beverages (with variation in the magnitude of the decline) Revenue in Berkeley has been used toward public health, nutrition, and health equity (e g , nutrition education in public schools, a healthy beverage media campaign, community grants for health promotion in communities of color) and may become more critical under the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic Furthermore, clearly communicating the downstream positive economic effects of beverage taxes (above and beyond the public health benefits) may help to sustain public support because income earned from the jobs created by revenue is spent on other goods and services and may help to support the local economy
Internet Appendix for Deep Learning in Asset Pricing

The Internet Appendix collects multiple results that support the results in the main text. Among others it includes implementation details, the results for the benchmark approaches, additional robustness results and a detailed description of the data.
Leading a Hospital Incident Command System during a global pandemic

Responding to a healthcare crisis such as COVID-19 requires a practiced, nimble incident command structure. Our medical center is in one of the areas in the US that was hardest hit by the initial wave. Effective leadership of incident command was critical in our response.
The msaABCR Operon Regulates Persister Formation by Modulating Energy Metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes chronic, systemic infections, and the recalcitrance of these infections is mainly due to the presence of persister cells, which are a bacterial subpopulation that exhibits extreme, yet transient, antibiotic tolerance accompanied by a transient halt in growth. However, upon cessation of antibiotic treatment, a resumption in growth of persister cells causes recurrence of infections and treatment failure. Previously, we reported the involvement of msaABCR in several important staphylococcal phenotypes, including the formation of persister cells. Additionally, observations of the regulation of several metabolic genes by the msaABCR operon in transcriptomics and proteomics analyses have suggested its role in the metabolic activities of S. aureus. Given the importance of metabolism in persister formation as our starting point, in this study we demonstrated how the msaABCR operon regulates energy metabolism and subsequent antibiotic tolerance. We showed that deletion of the msaABCR operon results in increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, accompanied by increased cellular ATP content and higher NADH content in S. aureus cells. We also showed that msaABCR (through MsaB) represses the ccpE and ndh 2 genes, thereby regulating TCA cycle activity and the generation of membrane potential, respectively. Together, the observations from this study led to the conclusion that msaABCR operon deletion induces a metabolically hyperactive state, leading to decreased persister formation in S. aureus.
Semi-enzymatic synthesis of pseudouridine

Modifications of RNA molecules have a significant effect on their structure and function. One of the most common modifications is the isomerization from uridine to pseudouridine. Despite its prevalence in natural RNA sequences, organic synthesis of pseudouridine has been challenging because of the stereochemistry requirement and the sensitivity of reaction steps to moisture. Herein, a semi-enzymatic synthetic route is developed for the synthesis of pseudouridine using adenosine 5'-monophosphate and uracil as the starting materials and a reverse reaction catalyzed by the pseudouridine monophosphate glycosidase. This synthetic route has only three steps and the overall yield of β-pseudouridine production was 68.4%.
Promising long-term results with proton therapy for localized prostate cancer.

The value of proton therapy in managing prostate cancer is not yet defined. A recent study has reported promising long-term results for patients with localized prostate cancer who received proton therapy. However, results from ongoing clinical trials are required before determining the role of proton therapy for this indication.
Implementation of a Modified MPPT Strategy for Solar-PV Arrays Connected to Harmonic-Polluted Grids Under Partial Shading Conditions

Solar-PV systems are ubiquitously exploited to harvest solar energy and convert it to electric energy. In grid-connected solar-PV system there are some problems that affect the generating power and the system's power quality such as partial shading problem (PS) and harmonics. The PS of solar-PV arrays causes many problems such as hot-spot trouble in which the modules under shading conduct as loads and become inverse biased. As a result of this trouble the solar-PV power & voltage curve contains multiple peaks and traditional MPPT techniques require modifications to track the point of maximum power during PS conditions. System's harmonics are generated due to switching techniques of the voltage-sourced converter (VSC), also connecting non-linear loads to the system inject harmonics to the utility grid. A model of grid-connected solar-PV arrays through VSC using PSCAD/EMTDC software is presented with a modified Incremental Conductance (INC.) technique to track the MPP in both normal and PS conditions. Also, the system's harmonics and how to reduce their effect are studied and analyzed.
Recognizing the Trauma of Adverse Childhood Experiences.

ABSTRACT Childhood trauma is linked to long-term negative health outcomes throughout the lifespan and is recognized as a public health crisis. Using the framework of the four main components of trauma-informed care is a beginning step in meeting the deep, unmet needs of adult patients with sensitivity and awareness. Christian nurses recognize Jesus as the first trauma-informed provider and model his relational characteristics as they promote healing from trauma.
Moving to Better Healthcare? Estimating the Causal Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Homelessness

Recent homelessness figures in the United States show a puzzling trend of aggregate decline but lopsided changes across states. This study examines the puzzle through healthcare access and provides the first causal evidence of the Medicaid expansion’s impact on homeless adults’ location. Using the state and county-level data on the homeless population from 2010-2017, the estimates from a difference-in-differences model show a significant 10 % post-expansion increase in homeless individuals per capita in states that adopted Medicaid expansion. Furthermore, utilizing the difference in homeless individuals’ coverage status vis-a-vis homeless people in families, estimates from a triple difference (DDD) model also confirm the post-expansion increase in homelessness in expansion states. This study contributes further by uniquely utilizing county-level data to provide subsample analysis on metropolitan counties and counties located at state borders. Results from the state, county, and border-county-discontinuity design reveal the evidence of homeless individuals’ migration from non-expansion to expansion states. Two mechanisms explain the migration process: post-expansion coverage eligibility of previously uninsured homeless individuals and the increased ability of homeless service providers in expansion states in offering healthcare and housing-related services. This paper concludes by measuring the state spending on Medicaid to demonstrate the implications of these findings on state welfare policymaking and fiscal expenditure.
Tratamento da Fimose com Corticosteróides Tópicos: Revisão Baseada na Evidência

Introducao: A fimose (impossibilidade de retracao total ou parcial do prepucio) ocorre em 50% das criancas no primeiro ano de vida, aumentando para 89% nos primeiros tres anos. Estudos mostram que o tratamento conservador com corticosteroides topicos e eficaz e seguro. O objetivo desta revisao foi verificar a efetividade do tratamento da fimose nao complicada, com a aplicacao de corticosteroides topicos. Metodologia: Efetuou-se pesquisa de normas de orientacao clinica/guidelines, revisoes sistematicas, metanalises e ensaios clinicos controlados, nas bases de dados da National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines Finder, Cochrane Library, Clinical Evidence, Fisterra, DARE, CMA Infobase, Bandolier e Pubmed, publicados nos ultimos dez anos, em ingles, portugues, espanhol ou frances, com os termos MeSH "phimosis" e "hydroxycorticosteroids" ou "glucocorticoids". Os criterios de inclusao foram: criancas entre os tres e os quinze anos com fimose, cuja intervencao incluisse aplicacao de corticosteroide versus placebo versus manobra de retracao. Foi utilizada a escala Strenght of Recommendation Taxonomy da American Academy of Family Physicians para a avaliacao da qualidade da evidencia. Resultados: Foram encontrados 84 artigos e selecionaram-se sete (duas guidelines e cinco ensaios clinicos controlados). Segundo as guidelines, existe evidencia que recomende a aplicacao topica de corticosteroide nestas criancas. Os ensaios clinicos controlados demonstraram que esta intervencao e eficaz (p <0,01). Nao foram reportados efeitos adversos relevantes. Discussao: A aplicacao topica de corticosteroides tem efeito benefico no tratamento da fimose (forca de recomendacao B). Como limitacao, verificou-se heterogeneidade nos estudos no que concerne ao tipo de corticosteroide utilizado, posologia e classificacao do grau de fimose.
Burns: A statistical study of 1206 cases

Abstract This report covers 1206 cases of burns, collected from 31 states, treated by 386 different industrial surgeons, who used 47 different types of treatment. There were 22 different causes. Complications were present in 158 cases and were of 10 different types. Temporary disability was present in all cases, ranging from 5 to 570 days, and permanent disability was present in 22 cases. There were 56 operative procedures, consisting of 4 general types. The mortality rate was slightly less than 1 per cent.