cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing MALDI‐MS, RP‐LC‐MALDI‐MS and RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS glycomic profiles of permethylated N‐glycans derived from model glycoproteins and human blood serum

The glycomic profiling of purified glycoproteins and biological specimen is routinely achieved through different analytical methods, but mainly through MS and LC-MS. The enhanced ionization efficiency and improved tandem MS interpretation of permethylated glycans have prompted the popularity of this approach. This study focuses on comparing the glycomic profiling of permethylated N-glycans derived from model glycoproteins and human blood serum using MALDI-MS as well as RP-LC-MALDI-MS and RP-LC-ESI-MS. In the case of model glycoproteins, the glycomic profiles acquired using the three methods were very comparable. However, this was not completely true in the case of glycans derived from blood serum. RP-LC-ESI-MS analysis of reduced and permethylated N-glycans derived from 250 nl of blood serum allowed the confident detection of 73 glycans (the structures of which were confirmed by mass accuracy and tandem MS), while 53 and 43 structures were identified in the case of RP-LC-MALDI-MS and MALDI-MS analyses of the same sample, respectively. RP-LC-ESI-MS analysis facilitates automated and sensitive tandem MS acquisitions. The glycan structures that were detected only in the RP-LC-ESI-MS analysis were glycans existing at low abundances. This is suggesting the higher detection sensitivity of RP-LC-ESI-MS analysis, originating from both reduced competitive ionization and saturation of detectors, facilitated by the chromatographic separation. The latter also permitted the separation of several structural isomers; however, isomeric separations pertaining to linkages were not detected.
Analysis of cohort effects from cross-sectional data

Abstract A statistical model and computer program are described to analyze data for the existence of cohort effects. The analysis leads to the separate assessments of cohort, time and age influences on a series of age-specific rates that are available in cross-sectional form. The assessment of these three factors can possibly yield insights into specific disease etiologies.
Intrinsic Lipschitz classes on manifolds with applications to complex function theory and estimates for the $$\bar \partial $$ and $$\bar \partial _b $$ equations

An intrinsic definition of Lipschitz classes in terms of vector fields on man-ifolds is provided and it is shown that it is locally equivalent with a more classical definition. A finer result is then proved for strongly pseudo-convex CR manifolds and applications of the theorems are given to smoothness of holomorphic functions and estimates for the $$\bar \partial $$ and $$\bar \partial _b $$ . equations.
1H, 13C and 19F NMR Studies of the Diels-Alder Adduct of p-Fluoranil with Phencyclone. II. Hindered Phenyl Rotations and Anisotropic Effects in a Model Compound for Drugs

Abstract The Diels-Alder adduct of phencyclone, compound 1, with p-fluoranil, compound 3, has been prepared in refluxing toluene. The adduct, compound 2, has been examined by 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy at 300, 75 and 282 MHz, respectively. At ambient temperature, the unsubstituted bridgehead phenyl groups in adduct 2 are found to exhibit hindered rotation, resulting in slow exchange limit (SEL) 1H NMR spectra. Full aryl proton assignments are made based on 1D and 2D (COSY45) NMR. The 19F NMR (proton coupled) reveals one of the two 19F signals to be a triplet. This resonance collapses to a singlet in the proton decoupled 19F spectrum, implying an unexpected long range 1H-19F coupling. For the 13C NMR spectrum, tentative assignments are presented. Data for compound 2 as a model compound for drugs are discussed in terms of the hindered aryl rotation and evidence of magnetic anisotrppic effects.
Vinylation and polymerization with trivinylaluminum. I. Vinylation of organic halides as a model for termination in cationic polymerization leading to vinyl end groups

An improved synthesis of trivinylaluminum (V3Al) is described. The proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrum of V3Al was recorded and analyzed. A new vinylation method involving the use of V3Al as the vinylating agent has been developed, and the vinylation of organic halides by V3Al was studied at −30, −50 and −70°C. Primary alkyl chlorides, such as methyl and methylene chloride, do not react with V3Al and were used as solvents. Secondary chlorides such as 2-chloropropane also do not react. t-Butyl chloride gives rise to t-butylethylene (70–98%), depending on reaction conditions, and the allylic chlorides, 3-chloro-1-butene, and 3-chloro-3-methyl-1-butene, yield the expected vinylated products and their isomers (∼90%). Allyl and benzyl chloride do not react under the conditions tried. The reaction between V3Al and the ditertiary dichloride 2,6-dichloro-2,6-dimethylheptane yields several isomeric C13H24 and C11H20 hydrocarbons; however, surprisingly, C9H16 does not form. The C13 hydrocarbons arise by divinylation at the termini of the dichloride, while the C11 hydrocarbons are formed by vinylation at one and proton elimination at the other terminus of the dichloride. The presence of unsaturated C13H24 and C11H20 isomers is most likely due to proton induced isomerization. These results are explained by a proximity effect involving vinylation at one end of the dichloride by V3Al followed by rapid reaction of the second chlorine (mostly) by V2AlCl generated in situ during the first vinylation in the proximity of the chloride. At the other chlorine terminus V2AlCl causes either a second vinylation (leading to C13 hydrocarbons) or a proton elimination (leading to C11 hydrocarbons). The absence of C9H16 among the reaction products indicates that V3Al exclusively effects vinylation. The RCl + V3Al ← RV + V2AlCl reaction may be regarded as a model for initiation followed by immediate termination in cationic olefin polymerization, a process leading to vinyl-ended polymers.
Shattered Dreams? An Oral History of the South African AIDS Epidemic

Introduction: AIDS and the Legacies of Apartheid 1. The Forgotten Epidemic 2. Facing AIDS: Denial, Indifference, and Fear 3. The Burdens of AIDS: Treatment and Its Discontents 4. Limited Access 5. Defiance: Creating Islands of Treatment 6. New Beginnings?
Nanocatalytic Spontaneous Ignition and Self-Supporting Room-Temperature Combustion

Stable and reproducible spontaneous self-ignition and self-supporting combustion have been achieved at room temperature by exposing nanometer-sized catalytic particles to methanol/air or ethanol/air gas mixtures. Without any external ignition, structurally supported platinum nanoparticles instantaneously react with the gas mixtures. The reaction releases heat and produces CO2 and water. Such reactions starting at ambient temperature have reached both high (>600 °C) and low (a few tenths of a degree above room temperature) reaction temperatures. The reaction is controlled by varying the fuel/air mixture. Catalytic activity could be dramatically changed by reducing particle size and changing particle morphology.
Bilateral Bundle-Branch Block Clinical and Electrocardiographic Aspects

The electrocardiograms and salient clinical features of seven patients with electrocardiographic evidence of various types of bilateral bundle-branch block (BBBB) have been presented. When the complexes change in form and the P-R interval varies, the mechanisms are usually best interpreted by using the concepts of first degree, second degree, and third degree bundle-branch block with or without block in the higher conduction system. The etiology of BBBB in many cases is idiopathic fibrosis of both bundles. The diagnosis of BBBB by ECG is important because of its relation to the subsequent development of complete heart block or Adams-Stokes syndrome, or both. In this series five of seven patients with BBBB had Adams-Stokes syndrome and three of seven had complete heart block.
Availability of reliable serum methadone determination for management of symptomatic patients.

Methadone, when used in the appropriate dose, prevents opioid withdrawal during the 24-hour period following medication. However, the appropriate dose for a given patient may be difficult to determine due to variations in methadone metabolism which is affected by many factors. Early opioid withdrawal, requiring a higher dose of methadone, is often difficult to diagnose because many of the symptoms are also symptoms of other syndromes common in the methadone maintenance population. In this study, ten patients in stable methadone maintenance treatment reporting ≥ 4 Himmelsbach signs of abstinence were compared with ten patients reporting fewer symptoms. Until recently, accurate, precise, and affordable determination of serum methadoe level has not been readily available from commercial laboratories. This study has found that such measures are now available. Serum specimens from each subject were sent to three commercial laboratories for determination of serum methadone level. Results from the three laborato...
Ohmic Cathode Electrode on the Backside ofm-Plane and (2021) Bulk GaN Substrates for Optical Device Applications

Cathode electrodes on the backside of n-type nonpolar m-plane (1100) and semipolar (2021) GaN substrates after thinning were investigated. For m-plane, Al deposition after inductively coupled plasma exposure resulted in ohmic characteristics with a specific contact resistivity of 1.6 ×10-4 Ω cm2 without annealing, where the sub-micron-order pillar-like micromasking were considered to contribute to the ohmic contact. For (2021), ohmic characteristics with a specific contact resistivity of 6.9 ×10-5 Ω cm2 was confirmed with Ti/Al electrode after annealing at 500 °C. Such electrodes could improve wall-plug efficiencies of nonpolar and semipolar GaN-based optoelectronic devices.
In vitro activity of LY146032 against gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract The activity of LY146032 (LY) was evaluated against 269 clinical isolates: 150 Staphylococcus spp. (Staph), 45 enterococci, 51 Clostridium spp., and 23 peptostreptococci. LY was compared to penicillin, metronidazole, imipenem, clindamycin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and ampicillin. LY and oxacillin were tested against Staph by microdilution in cation-supplemented Mueller—Hinton broth (CSMHB), and in unsupplemented Mueller—Hinton broth (MHB). For LY, the MIC 90s in CSMHB were 16–32 dilutions lower. Among the Staph, the MIC 90s for LY, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin were 4 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, and 2 μg/ml respectively. The MIC 90s for enterococci by agar dilution were as follows: LY 8 μg/ml; ampicillin 4 μg/ml; imipenem 4 μg/ml; vancomycin 4 μg/ml; and ciprofloxacin 2 μg/ml. Clindamycin and penicillin were the most effective drugs against peptostreptococci and Clostridia spp., but LY was the most active drug against Clostridium difficile . The bactericidal activity of LY was determined by 24-hr time-kill curves in MHB. These showed a bactericidal effect against enterococci, and a bacteriostatic effect against three of four strains of Staph. Synergy was demonstrated against enterococci and Staph when LY was tested with aztreonam, ceftriaxone, or tobramycin. LY is a promising new agent against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin resistant strains of staphylococci and enterococci.
Mechanism of hepatic extraction of gelatinized 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid

Hepatic extraction, cellular and subcellular localization of gelatin stabilized Tc-99m sulfur colloid was studied in the rat model with time sequenced microautoradiography from 15 min to 24 h following I.V. administration of the tracer. Hepatic lobular and cellular distribution, quality and quantity of focal grain pattern, grain clusters, remained essentially constant for the period of study. Grain clusters were associated predominantly with Kupffer cells lining the peripheral segment of hepatic lobular sinusoids. Subcellular localization of gelatinized Tc sulfur colloid, stained prior to the I.V. administration with osmium tetroxide, was demonstrated with a transmission electron microscope in unosmicated liver tissue. Extracted Tc sulfur colloid particles were attached in groups to cytoplasmatic membranous intrasinusoidal projections of activated Kupffer cells. Intracytoplasmatic phagocytosis was not demonstrated. The kinetic arrest and en groupe extraction of Tc sulfur colloid particles at the Kupffer cell membrane suggests a specific membrane receptor site and specific Tc sulfur colloid particle-plasma protein interaction at the time of extraction. Hepatic extraction of gelatinized Tc sulfur colloid thus reflects primarily extra and intra hepatic hemodynamics and does not serve as an indicator of phagocytic hepatic reticuloendothelial system function.
Urinary sulphatase activity in mastocytosis.

Abstract The arylsulphatase A and B activity of urines from 38 normal individuals and 17 patients suffering from mastocytosis were studied. It was shown that normal individuals during childhood reveal a 3-fold increase compared to normal adults in the arylsulphatase A and B activities expressed as μg substrate hydrolysed per hour per ml urine. However, no significant changes in the specific activities were observed. In mastocytosis increased values per ml urine of arylsulphatase A and B were found in the age group from 0–5 years. The specific activity was found to be normal. In other age groups mastocytosis may be accompanied by normal or even decreased arylsulphatase activities, probably because of a slight proteinuria. The findings are discussed on the basis of the lysosomal concept.
Measurement of Bromide Ion Affinities for the Air/Water and Dodecanol/Water Interfaces at Molar Concentrations by UV Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy

Recent experimental and theoretical work has demonstrated that certain anions can exhibit enhanced concentrations at aqueous interfaces and that the adsorption of bromide is particularly important for chemical reactions on atmospheric aerosols, including the depletion of ozone. UV second harmonic generation resonant with the bromide charge-transfer-to-solvent band and a Langmuir adsorption model are used to determine the affinity of bromide for both the air/water and dodecanol/water interfaces. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption for the former is determined to be −1.4 kJ/mol with a lower 90% confidence limit of −4.1 kJ/mol. For the dodecanol/water interface the data are best fit with a Gibbs free energy of +8 kJ/mol with an estimated lower limit of −4 kJ/mol.
The Paulson–Lichtenberg Frailty Index: evidence for a self-report measure of frailty

Objectives: This study evaluates the Paulson–Lichtenberg Frailty Index (PLFI), a self-report measure that is based on Fried's well-established frailty phenotype. The PLFI is examined using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) database, for which it was developed.Methods: The sample was drawn from the HRS and included 8844 community-dwelling older adults. Frailty was measured using the PLFI's five-item frailty index (wasting, weakness, slowness, falls, and fatigue).Results: In comparison to intermediate-frail or non-frail respondents, frail respondents were found to be older, more medically compromised, and less independent for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). On average, frail respondents reported worse self-rated health and had fewer years of education. Women, ethnic minorities, and those who were not partnered were also more likely to be frail. Over subsequent years, frail respondents were more likely to be hospitalized, repor...
Fear decrement to anxiety hierarchy items--effects of stimulus intensity.

Abstract The effects of hierarchy item intensity and duration of presentation on intra-item fear decrement were assessed with regard to systematic desensitization. Forty-eight color slides of snakes were scaled and ranked for anxiety value with the psychophysical technique of magnitude estimation by 30 female snake phobics using two response methods: verbal report and a non-verbal report instrument, the hand dynamometer. Seven test slides, spanning the scale range, were shown for 257 sec to 42 additional subjects who rated their fear level on 10 separate occasions using the hand dynamometer and verbal report. For all slides significant fear decrement occurred as a function of duration and the fear decrement across time was greater for slides of higher intensity. Negative exponential functions with similar slopes were found to fit the data for each of the slides, indicating that for each slide the same percentage of the total amount of fear decrement was lost per unit of time. The implications of these results and techniques are discussed for desensitization theory, research and therapeutic procedure.
Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) by Rat Alveolar Macrophages during Chronic Lung Injury

Using a well-characterized model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat, we determined that there was a time-dependent elaboration of monocyte chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Northern hybridization analysis revealed markedly increased expression of rat monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA in alveolar macrophages (AMs) from rats following induction of pulmonary fibrosis. Monocyte chemotactic activity was also significantly increased in conditioned media from AMs retrieved from injured rat lungs. These data suggest that one important role of AMs in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis is the regulation of monocyte recruitment and activation within the lung secondary to secretion of monocyte chemoattractants including MCP-1.
Heavy traffic analysis of a multi-class loss link with preemption

Preemption policies are widely used in many contexts to provide higher quality of service (QoS) to high priority traffic during congestion by preempting low priority traffic. Although there is extensive work in the queueing literature on the performance of multi-class loss systems, there is little work on the performance of preemption models. In this paper we employ heavy traffic results from queueing theory for the blocking probability on a single-class loss link to obtain expressions for preemption probabilities in a multi-class loss link. In particular, we consider the case of L classes where class l may preempt if necessary any calls of classes l+1, L, and may in turn be preempted by any calls of class 1, l-1. We characterize the probabilities of a class l call causing preemption of an admitted lower priority call upon its arrival, and of a class l call being preempted by a higher priority call.
Cocaine Exposure Is Associated with Subtle Compromises of Infants' and Mothers' Social-Emotional Behavior and Dyadic Features of Their Interaction in the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm.

Prenatal cocaine and opiate exposure are thought to subtly compromise social and emotional development. The authors observed a large sample of 236 cocaine-exposed and 459 nonexposed infants (49 were opiate exposed and 646 nonexposed) with their mothers in the face-to-face still-face paradigm. Infant and maternal behaviors were microanalytically coded. No opiate-exposure effects were detected. However, mothers of cocaine-exposed infants showed more negative engagement than other mothers. The cocaine-exposed dyads also showed higher overall levels of mismatched engagement states than other dyads, including more negative engagement when the infants were in states of neutral engagement. Infants exposed to heavier levels of cocaine showed more passive-withdrawn negative engagement and engaged in more negative affective matching with their mothers than other infants. Although effect sizes were small, cocaine exposure, especially heavy cocaine exposure, was associated with subtly negative interchanges, which may have a cumulative impact on infants' later development and their relationships with their mothers.
Left ventricular torsional mechanics after left ventricular reconstruction surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Objectives Surgical left ventricular reconstruction improves symptoms and potentially prognosis in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy; however, the effects of reconstruction on myocardial mechanics are not well defined. Therefore, we have computed left ventricular rotation and torsion in patients undergoing left ventricular reconstruction to determine its effects on these quantitative measures of myocardial mechanics. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging with tissue grid-tagging was performed in 26 patients (19 male/7 female, 62 ± 11 years) (mean ± standard deviation) before (23 ± 29 days) and after (231 ± 106 days) left ventricular reconstruction, as well as in 7 healthy volunteers (5 male/2 female, 34 ± 7 years). Left ventricular rotation was computed at basal and apical short-axis levels; torsion was defined as the difference between apical and basal rotation. Results Before left ventricular reconstruction, maximal apical rotation was significantly impaired relative to that of healthy volunteers ( P = .001), although maximal basal rotation was preserved ( P = .84). After reconstruction, maximal torsion did not change significantly: torsion was 6° ± 3° both before and after reconstruction ( P = .84). However, the rate of early diastolic untwist improved significantly after reconstruction (−18°/s ± 13°/s vs −23°/s ± 14°/s; P = .04). Furthermore, patients with relatively worse torsion before reconstruction demonstrated more improved function after reconstruction; patients with torsion of less than 6° (n = 12) showed greater improvement in ejection fraction (15% vs 6%; P = .005), torsion (1° vs −1°; P = .01), and diastolic untwist (−9°/s vs −25°/s; P Conclusions Torsional mechanics were severely impaired by ischemic cardiomyopathy. On average, left ventricular reconstruction did not affect systolic torsion generation significantly; however, patients with relatively worse torsion did show improvement. Furthermore, the rate of untwist improved after surgery, suggesting that diastolic function was improved.
Device Performance and Polymer Morphology in Polymer Light Emitting Diodes

The performance of MEH-PPV based light emitting diodes is strongly affected by the morphology of spin-coated polymer films, which can be controlled by varying the solvent and concentration of the polymer solution as well as the spin-speed.
The measurement of cytosolic estrogen receptors in human endometrial tissue and organ cultures

Abstract Estrogen receptors from the cytosol of human endometrium were accurately quantitated using a modified gel filtration technique scaled to approximately 150mg of tissue. The sedimentation coefficients in the estrogen binding proteins of endometrial cytosol were determined by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The kinetic parameters of 17β-estradiol binding were determined from information obtained from Scatchard and double-reciprocal analysis. It was found that estrogen receptors had a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 8S, a dissociation constant of approximately 1 × 10 −9 molar, and a binding capacity ranging from 2.3 × 10 −13 to 8 × 10 −15 mol/mg of protein. Using this technique, estrogen receptors in fresh human endometrial tissue were found to fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. The highest concentration occurred in the middle of the proliferative phase of the cycle. Organ cultures of human endometrium maintained in vitro for up to 67 days contained estrogen receptors. When the hormonal milieu in vitro was made to mimic the variations of serum levels of ovarian steroid hormones during the menstrual cycle, fluctuation of the estrogen receptor levels in the organ cultures in vitro paralleled the changing receptor level in this tissue in vivo .
1-D position sensitive single carrier semiconductor detectors

Abstract A single polarity charge sensing method has been studied using coplanar electrodes on 5 mm cubes of CdZnTe γ-ray detectors. This method can ameliorate the hole trapping problem of room-temperature semiconductor detectors. Our experimental results confirm that the energy resolution is dramatically improved compared with that obtained using the conventional readout method, but is still about an order of magnitude worse than the theoretical limit. A method to obtain the γ-ray interaction depth between the cathode and the anode is presented here. This technique could be used to correct for the electron trapping as a function of distance from the coplanar electrodes. Experimental results showed that a position resolution of about 0.9 mm FWHM at 122 keV can be obtained. These results will be of interest in the design of higher performance room-temperature semiconductor γ-ray detectors.
Parental information, motivation, and behavioral skills correlate with child sweetened beverage consumption.

Abstract Objective To evaluate fit of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model applied to sweetened beverage (SB) consumption in children. Design Cross-sectional. Parents completed a home beverage inventory and IMB survey regarding SB consumption. Setting Health fairs, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics. Participants Convenience sample of 198 parents of low socioeconomic status. Main Outcome Measures Independent variables included scores from 3 indices calculated from the IMB survey, information, motivation, and behavioral skills. The dependent variable was average child daily caloric consumption from SB consumption calculated from the home beverage inventory. Analysis Structural equation modeling. Results Parental information had direct and indirect negative relationships with SB consumption. Parental motivation was only indirectly associated with SB consumption mediated through behavioral skills. Parental behavioral skills had a negative correlation with SB consumption. Conclusions and Implications In applying the IMB model to SB consumption, the authors found preliminary support for relationships between parental information, motivation, behavioral skills, and child SB consumption. Application of this model shows promise in identifying the complex interactions between factors influencing consumption behaviors. As nutrition educators frequently desire to alter behaviors, use of the IMB model may help with both targeting and assessment efforts.
Emissions accounting: China's uncertain CO 2 emissions

Climate change mitigation commitments and basic carbon-cycle science both require reliable information on carbon dioxide emissions. Uncertainties in energy data and carbon dioxide emissions estimates are particularly important when they involve large emitters.
Fertility of Indian Tamil concentrations in Sri Lanka.

This paper attempts to explore by the indirect method of multiple regression analysis the factors that influenced fertility variation in a given year in areas which the Indian Tamil population is located in Sri Lanka. Of the total variation in fertility as measured by the child-woman ratio 85% is jointly attributable to the 2 independent variables the proportion of females employed in agriculture to females employed explaining 70% and the proportion of females attending school explaining 15%. The finding of highly significant regressions of fertility as measured by the child-woman ratio on the proportion of females employed in agriculture and the proportion of females aged 5-14 attending school does not mean that these are causal. They are merely an index of underlying attitudes to fertility and actual reproductive behavior. The socioeconomic conditions under which the Indian Tamils labor in the tea and rubber plantations of Sri Lanka may be appreciated from the infant mortality rate for Indian Tamil laborers on plantations for the 4-year period 1971-74 which is more than twice the national rate. This excess reflects to some extent the poor quality of the vital requirements of housing medical care and education in this community.
Visualization of peroxidase isozymes with eugenol, a noncarcinogenic substrate.

Abstract Plant peroxidase isozymes utilize hydrogen peroxide to oxidize redox dyes. Benzidine, the substrate most commonly used for identification of peroxidase isozymes, is a potent carcinogen and has been banned from laboratory use. O -Dianisidine, the other common substrate for peroxidase isozymes, is structurally related to benzidine and is a possible carcinogen. A peroxidase zymogram stain has been developed which uses eugenol, a substrate which is safe to use in the laboratory. Peroxidase isozymes are recognized as bright blue fluorescent bands under ultraviolet light and develop within 1 min after staining. Eugenol may also be used in a quantitative fluorimetric assay of peroxidase activity.
Unconditional sequential Gaussian simulation for 3-D flow in a heterogeneous core

Abstract Three-dimensional (3-D) porosity distribution realizations from unconditional sequential Gaussian simulations were input into a 3-D miscible displacement simulator to model miscible flow through a heterogeneous carbonate core containing a residual phase. The displacement simulations using unconditional sequential Gaussian simulation generated data as input were compared to the displacement simulations using the actual experimental data as input in order to evaluate the effectiveness of unconditional sequential Gaussian simulation for these applications. Previous X-ray computer tomography experiments provided the porosity and residual saturation distribution parameters. The experimental porosity data were fit to spherical, exponential, Gaussian and power semivariogram models. The power model provided the best fit followed by the exponential model. Both the power and the exponential models were used in the fluid displacement simulations. Both models predicted similar effluent profiles with relatively little spread between realizations. Breakthrough occurred late in all runs using the simulated input data, but otherwise the effluent profiles were in excellent agreement with the results using the experimental data. The spread between realizations, however, was not large enough to include all the points calculated using the experimental data. Differences between results using experimental data and sequential Gaussian simulation generated data were accentuated in numerical displacement simulations where a single miscible pulse was injected.
THE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, AND TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURES OF CURIUM SESQUIOXIDE.

The thermal diffusivity of 244Cm2O3 (94% T.D.) was measured from 100 to 1450 °C using a laser heat pulse apparatus. The results obeyed the empirical temperature relationship α = (0.0404T [°C] + 190)−1. Annealing of self-induced radiation damage was postulated to account for a sudden increase in thermal diffusivity observed during initial measurements. The thermal conductivity of Cm2O3, estimated from the thermal diffusivity data, was essentially independent of temperature varying between 0.015 to 0.016 W/cm-°C. The melting point of Cm2O3 was determined using a tungsten filament technique. Forty-five separate determinations gave a mean value of 2275±25 °C. Three solid-state phase transformations occurring at 1615, 2000, and 2210 °C were identified in Cm2O3.
Seismic forces of global change

The purpose of setting out the five forces for change is not to claim that one can foresee every change that mill strike our world. That would be absurd. What me can do is identify certainties and uncertainties.
Effect of late season insect infestation on yield, yield components and oil quality of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and Sinapis alba in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

The effect of late season insect infestation on seed yield, yield components, oil content and oil quality of two canola species (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) and two mustard species (B. juncea L. and Sinapis alba L.) was examined over 2 years. In each year, ten genotypes from each species were evaluated with late season insects controlled with either methyl parathion or endosulfan insecticides, and without insecticides. Major late season insect damage in 1992 was caused by cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull), while diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and aphids (primarily cabbage aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L.) were major insect pests in 1993. Insecticide application was very effective in controlling diamondback moth larvae and adult cabbage seedpod weevils, but only partially effective in controlling aphids. Higher numbers of diamondback moth larvae were observed on mustard species compared to canola species. S. alba was completely resistant to cabbage seedpod weevil and there was no damage due to this pest observed. Aphid colonization was observed on plants from all species, but infestation on S. alba and B. rapa occurred too late to have a major effect on seed yield. Seed oil content of canola species was significantly reduced by insect damage although oil quality (indicated by fatty acid profile) was not affected by insect attack. Uncontrolled insect infestation reduced seed yield of canola species by 37 and 32 % in B. napus and B. rapa, respectively. Least yield reduction occurred in S. alba, where average yield reduction from plants in untreated control plots was < 10 % of insecticide treated plants. S. alba, therefore, has good potential as an alternative crop suitable for northern Idaho because it can be grown with reduced late season insecticide application.
Hydrolysis kinetics and stability predictions for a mixture of R and S temocillin isomers

Abstract The hydrolysis kinetics of a temocillin isomer mixture (~68% R and ~32% S) were studied as a function of pH, temperature and buffers. Temocillin concentrations were determined from HPLC analyses of the individual isomers where [TEM]=[R]+[S]. Rate constants ( k R , k S and k SUM ) were determined from linear first-order plots for [R], [S] and [TEM], respectively. The true time for 10% loss of temocillin ( T true ) was determined by examining the time-course for the sum, [R]+[S]. Although the k R and k S values were generally similar, they differed by 30–40% under some conditions. Nevertheless, the calculated time for 10% loss ( T 90 =−ln 0.9/ k SUM ) agreed with T true for all experimental conditions. This was explained using computer simulations that indicated epimerization was faster than hydrolysis. Under these circumstances, reliable predictions of temocillin stability were achieved with k SUM = k H1 ( a H + ) f 1 + k H2 ( a H + ) f 2 + k H3 ( a H + ) f 3 + k H 2 O + k OH ( a OH − )+ k B 4 O 7 [B 4 O 7 2− ], where the catalytic constants were k H1 , k H2 and k H3 for hydrogen ion activity, k OH for hydroxyl ion activity, k B 4 O 7 for B 4 O 7 2− (in borate buffer only); k H 2 O was the first-order rate constant for spontaneous hydrolysis and f 1 , f 2 , f 3 were the fractions of temocillin in three stages of dissociation. The Arrhenius expression, k = A e − E / R T , and the experimentally determined A and E values were substituted for k H1 , k H2 k H3 , k OH and k B 4 O 7 . This equation successfully calculated 92% of the observed k SUM values with
Comments on draft of work force document.

We applaud the ASHP Council on Education and Workforce Development and support the forward-thinking draft vision for the pharmacy work force in hospitals and health-systems.[1][1] The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) recently convened two task forces to articulate its vision on the
Initial results of a phase i trial of continuous infusion SR 2508 (etanidazole): A radiation therapy oncology group study

To exploit both the oxygen-mimetic and "pre-incubation" or continuous exposure effects of the 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizers, we are conducting a Phase I trial of continuous infusion SR 2508 for patients receiving brachytherapy. Following the administration of a loading dose of 2 g/m2, SR 2508 is administered by continuous infusion for 48 hr. Twenty-one patients have completed treatment. The initial total dose was 8 g/m2 with patients currently receiving 15 g/m2. No toxicity has been observed. At the higher doses the steady-state plasma concentrations have been between 50 and 70 micrograms/ml. It is not yet known whether or not hypoxic sensitizers will be of benefit clinically, and if so, when during a course of treatment is the optimal time to use them. Given the lack of toxicity and plasma concentrations achievable with continuous infusion, future studies will be conducted using SR 2508 during both the external beam and brachytherapy aspects of treatment.
On the determination of log-normal particle-size distributions using half widths and detectabilities of scattered laser power spectra

Abstract We present the theoretical curves needed to define log-normal particle-size distributions from the measured power spectra of scattered laser radiation. (i) We show how to make estimates of the particle sizes of monodisperse systems using only the measured half-widths of the observed, scattered laser-power spectra. This technique has been employed by us before on flat-flame burners and does not involve the optical properties of the scattering centers. Number densities of particles may also be determined readily for monodisperse systems but require use of the index of refraction for the scattering centers. (ii) We define procedures for making estimates of the count-median diameters and standard deviations in log-normal size distributions using (a) measured half-widths of scattered laser-power spectra and (b) measured ratios of detectabilities determined for a given laser at two different scattering angels. We find that it is not possible to achieve adequate sensitivity for experimental utilization of this technique. (iii) We describe techniques for estimating the count-median diameters and standard deviations in log-normal size distributions using (a) measured half-widths of scattered laser-power spectra and (b) measured ratios of detectabilities determined at the same or at different scattering angles for two different laser wavelengths. Our calculations indicate that these procedures will also not yield adequate sensitivities for the determinations of particle-size distributions. (iv) The use of two linearly polarized beams [one polarized in the plane defined by the direction of laser-beam propagation and the vertical direction (1) and the other defined by the direction of laser-beam propagation and the horizontal (2)] in making half-width and detectability measurements has been studied. Although acceptable sensitivities for the determination of σ g and ♂r are achievable for selected particle-size ranges, the use of polarized laser radiation will not always lead to satisfactory characterization of log-normal particle-size distributions. Experiments involving detectabilities do not offer clear-cut advantages over those involving half-widths insofar as measurement sensitivities are concerned. (v) We describe procedures for determination of the total number of particles contained in the log-normal particle-size distributions using measured absolute values for the detectabilities observed for the power spectra of scattered laser radiation, after prior definition of the count-median diameters and standard deviations in log-normal size distributions.
Über summen von Rudin-Shapiroschen koeffizienten

The Rudin-Shapiro coefficients $\{a(n)\}$ are an infinite sequence of $\pm 1$'s, defined recursively by $a(0)=1$, $a(2n)=a(n)$, and $a(2n + 1)=(-1)^{n}a(n)$, $n \geq 0$ Various formulas are developed for the $n$th partial sum $s(n)$ and the $n$th alternating partial sum $t(n)$ of this sequence. These formulas are then used to show that $\sqrt{3/5} < s(n)/\surd n < \surd 6$ and $0 \leq; t(n)/\surd n < \surd 3$, $n \geq 1$ where the inequalities are sharp and the ratios are dense in the two intervals. For a given $n \geq 1$, the equation $s(k)= n$ is shown to have exactly $n$ solutions $k$.
Exact Buckling Analysis of Constrained Stepped Columns

An analytical technique, called the Effective Stiffness Method (ESM), is developed for static buckling analysis of one-dimensional continua. Based on a distributed transfer function formulation, the ESM delivers exact buckling solutions for constrained stepped columns, eccentrically loaded columns, and columns with initial deflection. The method also obtains highly accurate buckling solutions for columns with arbitrary non-uniform cross-section. The ESM treats different column configurations in a systematic manner, and is numerically efficient. Unlike conventional analytical methods, the proposed method does not use series of continuous functions. The capabilities and advantages of the ESM are demonstrated in numerical examples.
Ice-rafted volcanic ash in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the last 100,000 years

Abstract Eucampia antarctica (Castr.) Mangin abundance curves for two piston cores from the western Agulhas Basin (southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean) were used to place volcanic glass shard and ice-rafted debris abundance curves into a stratigraphic framework for the last 100,000 years. A direct correlation is shown between increased abundance of E. antarctica, tephra and ice-rafted debris; low abundances are often characterized by calcareous sediment in the northern core. Peaks in abundance of E. antarctica have been interpreted as an indication of glacial periods and the increased ice-rafted debris and tephra during glacial periods is evidence for an ice-rafted origin for the tephra. Microprobe geochemical analysis of volcanic glass shards provides no single distinct source for the ash. The geochemical data is consistent, but not definitive, with a primary source in the Scotia Arc and a minor source from Bouvet Island. Between core correlations of geochemically “fingerprinted” dispersed tephra zones were not successful due to variability of glass shard geochemistry and limited sample size.
Reduced transport of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid in regenerating rat liver is a microtubule-independent event

In previous studies, we found that uptake of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid is depressed in regenerating rat liver. To determine what role the hepatic cytoskeleton plays in this modulation of uptake, animals were treated with colchicine, an inhibitor of microtubular polymerization. Normal unoperated rats or rats following two-thirds hepatectomy or sham surgery were injected with colchicine, lumicolchicine (50 micrograms per 100 gm of body weight, i.p.) or normal saline. Lumicolchicine, an analog of colchicine, has no effect on microtubules and was used as a control. At 12 hr after surgery, sham-operated and unoperated animals received a second equal dose. Partially hepatectomized animals received one-third the initial dose. At 24 hr after surgery, livers were perfused in situ and single-pass multiple indicator dilution studies were performed. Colchicine as compared to lumicolchicine pretreatment reduced apparent influx of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid in regenerating liver by 50% but had no effect in liver from normal or sham-operated rats. Analysis of indicator dilution curves revealed that reduced influx in colchicine-treated liver was attributable to an increased vascular volume of distribution. These results suggest that microtubules may play a role in maintenance of normal hepatic vascular architecture during regeneration. Lack of effect of colchicine on modulation of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid uptake during regeneration suggests that other, as yet unknown, factors result in down-regulation of the specific hepatocellular transport systems for these two ligands.
A Syndrome of Bilateral Symmetrical Basal Ganglia Lesions in Diabetic Dialysis Patients

A rare syndrome of acute symmetrical bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic dialysis patients that manifests clinically with headache, dysarthria, and gait and movement disorder has been described almost exclusively in patients of Asian descent. The pathophysiology of this condition has not been established. Of the 28 cases reported, 3 patients have been from North America. In the context of magnetic resonance imaging showing dramatic resolution of lesions of the basal ganglia, this report describes a fourth case from North America of a 47-year-old Hispanic woman with diabetes on dialysis therapy who presented with headache, unsteady gait, and slurred speech. We also consider presymptomatic metabolic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Capillary gas chromatography method for the analysis of the trans isomers of ceralure, a medfly attractant

Abstract A capillary GC method has been developed to analyze laboratory or commercial samples of the medfly attractant ceralure [ethyl 4- (and 5-)iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate]. The method utilizes a specially prepared fused-silica column with a bonded phenyl-methyl polysiloxane liquid phase. Baseline separation was achieved for three of the four trans-ceralure isomers. Difficulties encountered with other columns investigated are also discussed.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT WITH MITOXANTRONE CHEMOTHERAPY OF ACUTE DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION DUE TO METASTATIC ANDROGEN INDEPENDENT PROSTATE CANCER

Case 1. A 61-year-old man with androgen independent prostate cancer and widespread bone metastases presented with a large hematoma overlying the right gluteus maximus muscle. There was no history of trauma. Pelvic computerized tomography demonstrated bleeding into the soft tissue posterior to the greater trochanter. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 788 ng./ml. (normal 0 to 4) which had increased from 322 ng./ml. 10 weeks earlier. Platelet count was 78,000/ mm. 3 (normal 150,000 to 350,000) which had decreased from 154,000/mm. 3 10 weeks earlier. Hematocrit was 22.9% (normal 41 to 53) which had decreased from a recent value of 32.1%. D-dimer test was greater than 8 mg./ml. (normal 0 to 0.5). Blood smear revealed schistocytes (fragmented red blood cells) consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient was treated with 14 mg./m. 2 intravenous mitoxantrone monthly. Within 2 weeks the platelet count increased to 278,000/mm. 3 . Nadir PSA was 441 ng./ml. At 10-month followup there has been no clinical disease progression and no recurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Case 2. An 81-year-old man with androgen independent prostate cancer and widespread bone metastases presented with extensive spontaneous bruising of the trunk and extremities. PSA was 1,903 ng./ml., platelet count was 11,000/ mm. 3 , which had decreased from 192,000/mm 3 4 weeks earlier, and D-dimer test was greater than 8 mg./ml. The patient was treated with 12 mg./m. 2 mitoxantrone intravenously monthly and 10 mg. prednisone orally twice daily. Within 2 weeks the platelet count increased to 139,000/mm. 3 and spontaneous bruising resolved. Nadir PSA was 1,262 ng./ml. Disease progressed with new bone metastases after 9 months of treatment and PSA increased to 3,756 ng./ml. Concurrently, disseminated intravascular coagulation recurred. The patient died of bleeding complications 11 months after initial presentation. DISCUSSION
A comparative study of the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly ash concrete and conventional concrete

Abstract The production of Portland cement – the key ingredient in concrete – generates a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, due to its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost, concrete is the most consumed manmade material on the planet. One method of reducing concrete’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the use of fly ash to replace a significant amount of the cement. An experimental investigation was conducted to compare the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) – concrete with at least 50% of the cement replaced with fly ash – with conventional concrete (CC). This experimental program consisted of 12 pull-out specimens as well as 12 full-scale beams (three unconfined and three confined by transverse reinforcement for each concrete type). The pull-out specimens were based on RILEM recommendations, and the beam specimens were tested under a simply supported four-point loading condition. The CC test results served as a control and were used to evaluate the results from the HVFAC pull-out and beam specimen tests. Furthermore, a comparison was performed between results of this study and a bond database of CC specimens. These comparisons indicate that HVFAC beams possess comparable bond strength as CC beams.