cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Punctuated Equilibrium: Why §402A Flourished and the Products Liability Restatement Languished

When the ALI in Section 402A enunciated its rule of strict products liability, it swept the country like a prairie fire, or, some thought, locusts. When the Products Liability Restatement was published, its principal critics said it did not restate the law and in fact cut the heart out of the law's expansionary, pro consumer, strict liability tool - Section 402A. Despite the fears of many critics, the elevation of the reasonable alternative design test (which replaced the Prosserian consumer expectations test) did not eviscerate product liability law. Alternative safer design proved to be an effective tool even against tobacco's citadel, while consumer expectations was an unreliable tool even against gun manufacturers who spurned feasible safety devices. Yet the lack of a robust statement of duty, the absence of a clarion call such as the Second Restatement's call for consumer protection made the Products Liability Restatement, as intended, a damper not an accelerant. This article surveys forty years of product liability law and concludes with a call for recognition of a robust common law duty of producers of medical products owed to those who use their products. The duty of product stewardship is centered on an explicit duty of manufacturers to advance the patient's ability to make an informed choice regarding the course of medical treatment. The duty is owed to the patient, not the physician, who is merely an aide of the patient. The approach declares that the manufacturer's duty is to exhaust all reasonable measures to enable the patient and her physician (or other medical service provider) to vindicate the patient's ability to make an informed choice. This patient-centered approach finds the learned intermediary doctrine too narrow. The duty of product stewardship recognizes that the post-market approval stage has been the poorly controlled human experiment stage of product development, as seen with Vioxx, drug-eluting coronary stents, and perhaps Avandia. The duty of product stewardship is patient-centered. It emphasizes the ongoing experimental quality of drugs and other medical products. The experimental nature of (especially) new drugs and devices gives rise to a corresponding duty of product stewardship - a duty of ongoing active study and product development, a duty of systematic manufacturer active post-market surveillance of the actual use of their products after obtaining regulatory approval to market the product.
Problems with Measurements Caused by High Concentrations of Serum Solids

There have been numerous reports of spectrophotometric and volume problems caused by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The offending lipids, primarily triglycerides, not only cause turbidity leading to optical aberrations when added to analytical reagents, but also result in short-sampling errors leading to the measurement of inaccurate volumes of sample. Numerous methods have been developed to clear the lipemia, including ultracentrifugation organic solvent extraction, chemical precipitation and, most recently, enzymic hydrolysis. Although the latter procedures eliminate the optical problems, they do not deal with the volume dilution error created by the triglycerides. In turn, corrective mathematics have been developed to compensate for the inaccurate pipetting caused by the elevated lipids in a sample; however, these empirical calculations are not truly accurate at high concentrations of total lipids. This monograph will describe the problems caused by the presence of elevated lipids and the means available for treating them.
An Exploration of the Impact of EMR Capabilities on Hospital Quality Measures in U. S.

The Electronic medical records (EMR) is one of the most important components of health information technology. Examining the impact of EMR on quality of healthcare delivery is a topic of significant importance. This study aims at exploring the relationship between the synergy among EMR capabilities and healthcare quality performance of hospitals. It also extends the analysis of EMR capabilities effects on quality of healthcare beyond investment focus to examine how the assimilation and use of different EMR capabilities impact various healthcare quality measures. We used archival data to conduct a five-year longitudinal study of a large panel of U. S. hospitals. Our results suggest that the synergy among EMR capabilities is associated with lower heart mortality major conditions' negative effects as well as higher level of patient satisfaction. Our results also suggest that the greater assimilation and use of EMR capabilities are also associated with lower heart mortality major conditions' negative effects. We believe the study has important policy implications for health IT investments and studying their quality implications.
American Burkitt's lymphoma-hand-mirror variant. A detailed investigation of cytologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic features.

Previous studies of patients with lymphoid malignancies have suggested a relationship between survival and the presence of more than 40% hand-mirror cells in the bone marrow. This report represents the first detailed study of a patient with American Burkitt’s lymphoma with numerous hand-mirror cells in the bone marrow during the course of the disease. The Burkitt cells were atypical because of their hand-mirror configuration in the bone marrow, the presence of cytoplasmic glycogen, the finding of an IgG surface marker, and a strongly positive acid phosphatase staining reaction. The presence of increased numbers of hand-mirror forms in the bone marrow during the course of the patient’s illness may have clinical significance, because they were replaced by non-hand- mirror Burkitt cells in the terminal phase. More reports and investigations of patients with large numbers of hand-mirror forms in the bone marrow are needed to elucidate the full significance of this unusual cellular phenomenon.
Interactions of 22-MeV He 3 Particles with Fe 5 6 , 5 8 and Ni 58

A systematic study is made of the interaction of 22-MeV ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ ions with ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56,58}$ and ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$. The central purpose of this study is to compare the interactions induced by this strongly absorbed, spin-\textonehalf{} particle to various theoretical interpretations which have been successfully applied to the more commonly used nuclear probes: neutrons, protons, and alpha particles. The present investigation encompasses elastic and inelastic scattering as well as the spectral distribution of emitted neutrons of energy greater than 0.5 MeV. The elastic-scattering data are analyzed both in terms of an optical model and a strong-absorption model. The inelastic-scattering data and the high-energy neutron data are compared to the predictions of distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations. Finally, the low-energy neutron data are analyzed within the frame-work of the compound-nucleus model, and nuclear temperatures are extracted.
Changing pattern in incidence and management of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in southwest of England from 1997 to 2007

Introduction In 1997, a national prospective survey (British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU)) of childhood ( Aims (1) To document the current incidence of IBD and analyse the changes compared to the BPSU survey; (2) whether children are being diagnosed in concordance with ESPGHAN9s Porto criterion and receiving appropriate treatment in line with best practice (BSPGHAN Guidelines on management of IBD, 2008). Methodology Data were collected from 13 paediatric centres in the South West using international diagnosis codes (ICD10) identifying newly diagnosed cases of IBD including Crohn9s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and indeterminate colitis (IC). Patient details were correlated with departmental database. The population data were obtained from the office of National Statistics. This project is approved by the local audit committee. Results All 13 centres responded. There were 51 newly diagnosed children with IBD during 2007 compared with 33 in 1997. 45 cases were diagnosed at the regional centre and were on the database; 6/51 from two centres were not. The details of the incidence figures are given in the following table 1. 43 cases were analysed in detail. 17.6% of cases had an input by an adult surgeon. Time interval from symptoms to referral to a paediatric gastroenterologist is a mean of 9.9 months (1–58 months) and time interval from symptoms to treatment is 13.8 months. 97% of CD and IC cases had barium meal studies. 39/43 (90.6%) had full colonoscopy. Upper GI involvement was seen in 35% and pancolitis in 27%. 70% of CD cases were treated with diet. Conclusion There is a definite increase in the incidence of paediatric IBD in the SW England. The increase is not only in the number of CD but more significantly in UC. The IC incidence remains stable. There is a significant delay in time period from onset of symptoms to referral to a paediatric gastroenterologist.
Performance of a scanning mobility particle sizer in measuring diverse types of airborne nanoparticles: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, welding fumes, and titanium dioxide spray.

ABSTRACTDirect-reading instruments have been widely used for characterizing airborne nanoparticles in inhalation toxicology and industrial hygiene studies for exposure/risk assessments. Instruments using electrical mobility sizing followed by optical counting, e.g., scanning or sequential mobility particle spectrometers (SMPS), have been considered as the “gold standard” for characterizing nanoparticles. An SMPS has the advantage of rapid response and has been widely used, but there is little information on its performance in assessing the full spectrum of nanoparticles encountered in the workplace. In this study, an SMPS was evaluated for its effectiveness in producing “monodisperse” aerosol and its adequacy in characterizing overall particle size distribution using three test aerosols, each mimicking a unique class of real-life nanoparticles: singlets of nearly spherical titanium dioxide (TiO2), agglomerates of fiber-like multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and aggregates that constitutes welding fume...
The programming of differentiation and its control by juvenile hormone in saturniids

Although considerable progress has been made with the chemistry of juvenile hormone (Dahm, Roeller & Trost, 1968), studies on its mechanism of action in immature insects are still in a preliminary stage. Much of the recent work has been interpreted as showing an effect of juvenile hormone on the morphogenetic program through which an insect passes in the course of its ontogeny (Williams, 1961). It is the purpose of this paper to describe three studies which illustrate the complex nature of this developmental program in saturniid moths. Materials and Methods The saturniids ( Antheraea polyphemus, Samia cynthia and Hyalophora cecropia ) used in the present study were reared or purchased from dealers in the United States and England. Staging of animals was carried out by examining the state of the epidermis and the differentiation of adult structures through the pupal cuticle as described by Schneiderman & Williams (1954).
Low Serum Vitamin D During Remission Increases Risk of Clinical Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims Vitamin D levels have been associated with disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but it is unclear whether they affect the risk of disease relapse. We sought to determine the association between baseline vitamin D levels during a period of clinical remission and risk of subsequent UC relapse. Methods We performed a physician-blinded prospective study of 70 patients with UC in clinical remission followed up after a surveillance colonoscopy at a tertiary academic medical center. Serum samples were collected at the time of colonoscopy and baseline endoscopic and histologic activity were determined. Levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcome was rate of clinical relapse, determined over 12 months. Results The mean baseline vitamin D level was lower among patients with relapse (29.5 ng/mL) than without (50.3 ng/mL) ( P = .001). Remission vitamin D level (≤35 ng/mL) was associated with a risk of clinical relapse (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.56; P = .044) over 12 months, independent of endoscopic or histologic grade at enrollment. A receiver operating characteristic curve of vitamin D levels for the outcome of relapse had an area under the curve of 0.72; and a serum level of 35 ng/mL or less had a sensitivity of 70% (95% CI, 46%–88%) and a specificity of 74% (95% CI 57%–83%) for predicting risk of clinical relapse. Conclusions Serum levels of vitamin D of 35 ng/mL or less during periods of clinical remission increase the risk of UC relapse. Clinical trials to obtain vitamin D levels higher than this threshold should be considered.
Psychopathometrie beim Durchgangs-Syndrom

Es wurden 43 Patienten, die sich in verschiedenen Stadien des Durchgangs-Syndroms befanden, mit zwei psychopathometrischen Prufverfahren getestet. Das eine („Syndromtest“ nach Bocker) dient zur Messung des Schweregrades reversibler psychischer Storungen wahrend einer korperlich begrund-baren Psychose („Funktionspsychose“), das andere („Defekttest“ nach Kinzel) vermag das Ausmas irreversibler psychischer Schaden („Organisches Defektsyndrom“) quantitativ abzuschatzen. Die Fragestellung lautete: Ist eme Unterscheidung von Organischem Defektsyndrom und Funktionspsychose (speziell im Stadium des Durchgangs-Syndroms) auf teststatistischer Grundlage moglich? Die Untersuchung erbrachte den Beweis fur die Trennbarkeit von reversiblem und irreversiblem Syndrom: Hinsichtlich des Auspragungsgrades erwies sich die Korrelation zwischen den Ergebnissen in den Verfahren bei 7 von insgesamt 8 Variablen als nicht signifikant; hinsichtlich der Auspragungsrichtung konnten statistisch nachweisbare Unterschiede im Falle einer Einzelvariablen und fur die Gesamtheit der Fragenbogenvariablen ermittelt werden.
The American Burn Association. An organization for the entire health care team.

The American Burn Association, only 5 years old, is a unique organization in that it includes the entire team of personnel interested in the problems of burns.
Psychoanalysis and cognitive science: contrasting models of the mind

Although the relationship between psychoanalysis and cognitive science has begun to be addressed, theorists have not constructed a unifying conceptual framework from which to compare and contrast these disciplines. This paper begins by considering the models of mind of cognitive science, and of classical and contemporary psychoanalysis. It is argued that it is useful to reformulate psychoanalytic constructs in terms of cognitive science models. Psychoanalysts have therefore become, and will continue to be, more cognitivist in their work. Nevertheless, psychoanalytic theory and practice is so fundamental that it constitutes the only starting point for clinical cognitivists. The reformulation of psychoanalysis in cognitivist terms is beneficial for both psychoanalysis and cognitive science. The explanatory power of the cognitivist remodelling of psychoanalysis can, of course, be fully assessed only once it has taken place. This paper encourages that theoretical work to proceed.
Pathology of Melanoma

Melanoma results in a significant social impact due to its relatively high mortality and young age of affected patients. During the last decade there have been several crucial advances providing insight to the molecular alterations responsible for melanoma development. Thus, as an example, we now know that most melanomas carry a mutation of the BRAF gene that can be targeted by several therapeutic agents. However, in 2016, the most important evaluation tool to predict prognosis and guide patient management continues to be histologic examination. Thus, this chapter describes the most important histologic factors that allow to render a diagnosis of melanoma and related lesions, with special emphasis to the AJCC/CAP classification of melanoma.
Tuning the photon statistics of a strongly coupled nanophotonic system

We demonstrate the generation of single- and two-photons at a time from a quantum dot-photonic crystal resonator system. Controlling the detuning between emitter and cavity allows us to drive a nonlinear ladder of hybridized light-matter states.
Glutamatergic synapses are structurally and biochemically complex because of multiple plasticity processes: long-term potentiation, long-term depression, short-term potentiation and scaling

Synapses are complex because they perform multiple functions, including at least six mechanistically different forms of plasticity. Here, I comment on recent developments regarding these processes. (i) Short-term potentiation (STP), a Hebbian process that requires small amounts of synaptic input, appears to make strong contributions to some forms of working memory. (ii) The rules for long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in CA3 have been clarified: induction does not depend obligatorily on backpropagating sodium spikes but, rather, on dendritic branch-specific N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) spikes. (iii) Late LTP, a process that requires a dopamine signal (and is therefore neoHebbian), is mediated by trans-synaptic growth of the synapse, a growth that occurs about an hour after LTP induction. (iv) LTD processes are complex and include both homosynaptic and heterosynaptic forms. (v) Synaptic scaling produced by changes in activity levels are not primarily cell-autonomous, but rather depend on network activity. (vi) The evidence for distance-dependent scaling along the primary dendrite is firm, and a plausible structural-based mechanism is suggested.Ideas about the mechanisms of synaptic function need to take into consideration newly emerging data about synaptic structure. Recent super-resolution studies indicate that glutamatergic synapses are modular (module size 70-80 nm), as predicted by theoretical work. Modules are trans-synaptic structures and have high concentrations of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. These modules function as quasi-independent loci of AMPA-mediated transmission and may be independently modifiable, suggesting a new understanding of quantal transmission.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity.'
julius seizure, a Drosophila Mutant, Defines a Neuronal Population Underlying Epileptogenesis.

Epilepsy is a neural disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Bang-sensitive Drosophila represent an important model for studying epilepsy and neuronal excitability. Previous work identified the bang-sensitive gene slamdance ( sda ) as an allele of the aminopeptidase N gene. Here we show through extensive genetic analysis, including recombination frequency, deficiency mapping, transposon insertion complementation testing, RNA interference (RNAi), and genetic rescue that the gene responsible for the seizure sensitivity is julius seizure ( jus ), formerly CG14509 , which encodes a novel transmembrane domain protein. We also describe more severe genetic alleles of jus . RNAi-mediated knockdown of jus revealed that it is required only in neurons and not glia, and that partial bang-sensitivity is caused by knockdown in GABAergic or cholinergic but not glutamatergic neurons. RNAi knockdown of jus at the early pupal stages leads to strong seizures in adult animals, implicating that stage as critical for epileptogenesis. A C-terminal-tagged version of Jus was generated from a fosmid genomic clone. This fosmid fusion rescued the bang-sensitive phenotype and was expressed in the optic lobes and the subesophageal and thoracic abdominal ganglia. The protein was primarily localized in axons, especially in the neck connectives, extending into the thoracic abdominal ganglion.
Effect of Spatial Filtering on Characterizing Soil Properties From Imaging Spectrometer Data

Airborne imaging spectroscopy covering wavelength range of 0.35–2.5 $\mu$ m can be used to quantify soil textural properties and chemical constituents. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of spatial resolution on the quantification of soil constituents using a lasso algorithm-based ensemble bootstrapping framework. Airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer data collected at 7.6 m resolution over Bird's Point New Madrid (BPNM) floodway in Missouri, USA, is upscaled using a spatial filter to simulate a satellite-based sensor and generate multiple coarser resolution datasets, including the originally proposed 60.8 m hyperspectral infrared imager like data. The simulated data at multiple spatial resolutions are used in an ensemble lasso algorithm-based modeling framework for developing quantitative prediction models and spatial mapping of the soil constituents. We outline an evaluation framework with a set of metrics that considers the point-scale model performance as well as the consistency of cross-scale spatial predictions. The model results demonstrate that the ensemble quantification method is scalable, and further the model structure indicates the persistence of important spectral features across spatial resolutions. The probability density functions of the constituents over the BPNM landscape show that it is similar for multiple spatial resolutions. Finally, a comparison of the model predictions with statistical central values together with the within pixel variance across fine to coarse resolutions indicate that the model accurately captures the median values of the fine subgrid that the coarse-resolution data is composed of. This study establishes the feasibility for quantifying soil constituents from space-borne hyperspectral sensors.
The Inspector General: Political Culture and Constraints on Effective Oversight

Their enabling legislation and mission statements ostensibly charge federal inspectors general in the United States with capacity-building and performance-enhancement as well as compliance-monitoring powers and responsibilities. This article reviews the constraints on those powers. It proposes that American distrust of government both historic and current—the former reflected in the institutional conflict built into the constitutional structure, the latter reflected in survey research data on trust in American government—encourages the compliance-monitoring role of the inspector general (IG) and discourages the capacity-building and performance-enhancement roles. It then reviews studies of China’s recent anticorruption efforts as well as survey research data on popular trust in the government of the People’s Republic of China. It suggests that Chinese trust in government would support capacity-building and performance enhancement but discourage compliance monitoring were China to institute an IG system. I...
Nanosecond bipolar pulse generators for bioelectrics.

Abstract Biological effects caused by a nanosecond pulse, such as cell membrane permeabilization, peripheral nerve excitation and cell blebbing, can be reduced or cancelled by applying another pulse of reversed polarity. Depending on the degree of cancellation, the pulse interval of these two pulses can be as long as dozens of microseconds. The cancellation effect diminishes as the pulse duration increases. To study the cancellation effect and potentially utilize it in electrotherapy, nanosecond bipolar pulse generators must be made available. An overview of the generators is given in this paper. A pulse forming line (PFL) that is matched at one end and shorted at the other end allows a bipolar pulse to be produced, but no delay can be inserted between the phases. Another generator employs a combination of a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor to form an RLC resonant circuit so that a bipolar pulse with a decaying magnitude can be generated. A third generator is a converter, which converts an existing unipolar pulse to a bipolar pulse. This is done by inserting an inductor in a transmission line. The first phase of the bipolar pulse is provided by the unipolar pulse's rising phase. The second phase is formed during the fall time of the unipolar pulse, when the inductor, which was previously charged during the flat part of the unipolar pulse, discharges its current to the load. The fourth type of generator uses multiple MOSFET switches stacked to turn on a pre-charged, bipolar RC network. This approach is the most flexible in that it can generate multiphasic pulses that have different amplitudes, delays, and durations. However, it may not be suitable for producing short nanosecond pulses (
SOCIAL STATUS AND CLASSICISM IN THE VISUAL AND MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE SWEET BANQUET IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND

Around 1520, at the court of Henry VIII of England, a new meal type emerged. Called the ‘banquet’, this took place after the main meal, in a distinct space, and consisted of sweet foods, spiced wine, and sculptural sugarwork. Originally developing at court, the sweet banquet was quickly embraced by the nobility and gentry. This article investigates the adoption of this dining practice in the wealthy country houses of early modern England and the reasons for its popularity in this specific context. It draws on state papers, published works, and household accounts to establish the ways in which the banquet was utilized and understood by early modern elites. This evidence makes it clear that a high-status person would have expected to be entertained with a sweet banquet at any important social occasion involving their peers. An examination of the visual and material cultures associated with the banquet establishes that it was a highly effective means by which to express class status at a time of anxiety regarding social mobility. As an appropriation of the ancient symposium, it provided opportunities to engage with the intellectual and visual cultures of the classical world and the Renaissance.
Average Run Lengths for Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Schemes Using the Markov Chain Approach

A FORTRAN computer program is given for the computation of average run lengths (ARLs) for exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and combined Shewhart-EWMA control schemes. The program calculates zero-state and steady-state ARLs using the Markov c..
Words in Motion: Kinesthetic Language Learning in Virtual Reality

Embodied theories of language propose that the way we communicate verbally is grounded in our body. Nevertheless, the way a second language is conventionally taught does not capitalize on kinesthetic modalities. The tracking capabilities of room-scale virtual reality systems afford a way to incorporate kinesthetic learning in language education. We present Words in Motion, a virtual reality language learning system that reinforces associations between word-action pairs by recognizing a student's movements and presenting the corresponding name of the performed action in the target language. Results from a user study involving 57 participants suggest that the kinesthetic approach in virtual reality has less immediate learning gain in comparison to a text-only condition and no immediate difference with participants in a non-kinesthetic virtual reality condition. However, virtual kinesthetic learners showed significantly higher retention rates after a week of exposure than all other conditions and higher performance than non-kinesthetic virtual reality learners. Positive correlation between the times a word-action pair was executed and the times a word was remembered by the subjects, supports that virtual reality can impact language learning by leveraging kinesthetic elements.
Revising Benardete’s Zeno

The majority of disucssions of Benardete’s Paradox conclude that the traveller approaching the infinite series of gods will be mysteriously halted despite none of the gods erecting any barriers. Using a revision-theoretic analysis of Benardete’s puzzle, four distinct possible outcomes that might occur given Benardete’s set-up are distinguished. This analysis provides additional insight into the puzzle at hand, via identifying heretofore unnoticed possible outcomes, but it also serves as an example of how the revision theoretic framework can be used to construct exhaustive taxonomies of potential outcomes in apparently contradictory situations.
Interaction with a “Foreign Doctor”

This chapter contains a case study of an interaction of a foreign sounding doctor with an emergency department.
Vulnerability Analysis of Content Management Systems to SQL Injection Using SQLMAP

There are over 1 billion websites today, and most of them are designed using content management systems. Cybersecurity is one of the most discussed topics when it comes to a web application and protecting the confidentiality, integrity of data has become paramount. SQLi is one of the most commonly used techniques that hackers use to exploit a security vulnerability in a web application. In this paper, we compared SQLi vulnerabilities found on the three most commonly used content management systems using a vulnerability scanner called Nikto, then SQLMAP for penetration testing. This was carried on default WordPress, Drupal and Joomla website pages installed on a LAMP server (Iocalhost). Results showed that each of the content management systems was not susceptible to SQLi attacks but gave warnings about other vulnerabilities that could be exploited. Also, we suggested practices that could be implemented to prevent SQL injections.
Circadian Regulation of Pineapple CAM Photosynthesis

The altered carbon assimilation pathway of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) evolved as an adaptation to arid environments, and it confers 80% greater water use efficiency than the C3 pathway. Pineapple is the most economically valuable crop possessing CAM, and its wealth of genetic and genomic resources make it an excellent model for dissecting the molecular basis of this important pathway. Decades of physiology studies in pineapple identified the underlying biochemistry of CAM, but this work yielded little insight into the regulation and circadian control of CAM. High-resolution transcriptome surveys across the pineapple leaf gradient and throughout a diurnal time course were recently collected. This work uncovered new CAM-associated genes and suggested CAM evolved through neofunctionalization of existing gene copies and not through gene duplication events. CAM pathway genes are enriched with cis-regulatory elements associated with regulation by circadian clock genes. This includes novel clock-associated cis-regulatory elements in several stomatal movement genes, which may be related to nocturnal stomatal conductance in CAM plants. Together, these resources in pineapple provide a foundation for targeted engineering of CAM into C3 crop species.
Treatment of large renal allograft arterial pseudoaneurysm with in situ cold perfusion, ex vivo vascular reconstruction and reimplantation

Background: Pseudoaneurysm after renal transplantation is a rare but serious complication. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 76-year-old man who presented six weeks after kidney transplant with a large pseudoaneurysm arising from the renal artery anastomosis, causing renal vein compression and renal allograft dysfunction. Prior to the removal of the transplanted kidney, an in situ cold perfusion of the allograft was performed. The pseudoaneurysm was repaired ex vivo and the renal artery was reconstructed. External iliac vein was reconstructed with deceased donor interposition allograft, and the kidney was then re-implanted. The patient recovered with immediate allograft function. Conclusions: Successful surgical management of a large renal allograft arterial pseudoaneurysm involves avoidance of dissection of the pseudoaneurysm, utilization of in situ cold perfusion and en-bloc removal of the kidney together with pseudoaneurysm, and pseudoaneurysm incision and vascular bypass reconstruction ex vivo
Defining clinically significant prostate cancer on the basis of pathological findings.

The definition of clinically significant prostate cancer is a dynamic process that was initiated many decades ago, when there was already evidence that a great proportion of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed at autopsy never had any clinical symptoms. Autopsy studies led to examinations of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and the establishment of the definition of significant cancer at RP: tumour volume of 0.5 cm3 , Gleason grade 6 [Grade Group (GrG) 1], and organ-confined disease. RP studies were then used to develop prediction models for significant cancer by the use of needle biopsies. The first such model was used to delineate the first active surveillance (AS) criteria, known as the 'Epstein' criteria, in which patients with a cancer Gleason score of 3 + 3 = 6 (GrG1) involving fewer than two cores, and <50% of any given core, and a prostate-specific antigen density of <0.15 ng/ml per cm3 had a minimal risk of significant cancer at RP. These were adopted as components of the 'very-low-risk category' of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, in which AS is supported as a management option. With the increase in the popularity of AS, much research has been carried out to better define significant/insignificant cancer, in order to be able to safely offer AS to a larger proportion of patients without the risk of undertreatment. Research has focused on allowing higher volume tumours, focal extraprostatic extension, and a limited amount of Gleason pattern 4, and the significance of different morphological patterns of Gleason 4. Other areas of research that will probably impact on the field but that are not covered in this review include the molecular classification of tumours and imaging techniques.
Degradation-aware Valuation and Sizing of Behind-the-Meter Battery Energy Storage Systems for Commercial Customers

The optimal dispatch, valuation, and sizing of behind-the-meter battery energy storage systems are crucial in reducing the electricity bill for commercial customers. This paper develops a novel battery dispatch and valuation algorithm for commercial customers, which takes battery degradation into consideration. A battery sizing algorithm based on heuristic optimization approach is also developed to determine the optimal power and energy ratings of battery energy storage systems. Simulation studies are performed for commercial customers with real-world smart meter data. The simulation results show that the proposed degradation-aware battery dispatch and valuation algorithm produces significantly higher net present value than that of the based model, which does not explicitly consider degradation in the optimization framework. The simulation results also show that the proposed battery sizing optimization algorithm is capable of finding near-optimal battery energy and power ratings for commercial customers.
The Effect of Particles on Light Scattering in the Sea

Relationships of light scattering to particle concentration and size distribution were experimentally determined to follow theoretical findings, both in laboratory suspensions and in a variety of conditions in the natural marine environment. Confirmation was obtained by electronic particle counts paired with scattering measurements that light scattering provides a measure of concentration of particle cross-section in the sea. The use of light scattering as a measure of particle bulk concentration is shown to require constancy of the distribution of particle size, which is met under prescribed circumstances in the upper part of the sea. A simple test can indicate the constancy of the size distribution. A tentative estimate is made of the effect particles have on the inherent properties of open ocean water.
Children’s Intersecting Identities Matter: Beyond Rabbits and Princesses in the Common Core Book Exemplars

In delivering instruction aligned with the Common Core State Standards, many teachers are utilizing the accompanying book exemplars. While prior studies have revealed the importance of selecting texts that represent diverse characters, few studies have examined the extent to which the book exemplars reflect this trend. In this paper, an intersectionality framework is used to identify what social identity markers are represented in a targeted sample of the book exemplars, and how those identity markers are portrayed. Findings reveal that diverse social groups—particularly intersections of multiple historically marginalized social groups—are underrepresented in the texts. Although female characters are present in three-quarters of the books, female characters predominantly assume supporting roles, and are oftentimes portrayed through stereotypes. These findings have implications for teachers, who may need to explore ways to supplement their curriculum with books that affirm and validate the diverse, multi-faceted social identities of the students in their classrooms.
Topological Techniques in Reaction-Diffusion Equations

In this note, we shall illustrate how some topological ideas can be used to obtain rather precise information about solutions of reaction-diffusion equations. The equations are of the form $$ {{\text{u}}_t} = {u_{{xx}}} + {\text{f}}(u), - {\text{L}} < x < {\text{L}} $$ (1) in a single space variable, with either homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. The function f(-∞) is a cubic polynomial having three distinct real roots, with f(-∞) > 0 > f(∞). The solutions of interest to us are the so-called “steady-state” solutions; i.e. solutions which are independent of t, and therefore satisfy the equation $$ {\text{u''}}\,{\text{ + f}}(u) = 0, - {\text{L}} < x < {\text{L}} $$ (2) with the same boundary conditions. Our first goal is to determine the dimension of the unstable manifold of solutions of (2); the solution being considered as a particular solution of (1). Our second goal is to show how to “continue” solutions when the boundary manifolds serve as the “continuation parameter.”
Cardiac regenerative therapy: Many paths to repair

Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death in the United States and in most nations worldwide, despite ongoing intensive efforts to promote cardiac health and treat heart failure. Replacing damaged myocardium represents perhaps the most promising treatment strategy, but also the most challenging given that the adult mammalian heart is notoriously resistant to endogenous repair. Cardiac regeneration following pathologic challenge would require proliferation of surviving tissue, expansion and differentiation of resident progenitors, or transdifferentiation of exogenously applied progenitor cells into functioning myocardium. Adult cardiomyocyte proliferation has been the focus of investigation for decades, recently enjoying a renaissance of interest as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cardiomyocyte loss due in large part to ongoing controversies and frustrations with myocardial cell therapy outcomes. The promise of cardiac cell therapy originated with reports of resident adult cardiac stem cells that could be isolated, expanded and reintroduced into damaged myocardium, producing beneficial effects in preclinical animal models. Despite modest functional improvements, Phase I clinical trials using autologous cardiac derived cells have proven safe and effective, setting the stage for an ongoing multi-center Phase II trial combining autologous cardiac stem cell types to enhance beneficial effects. This overview will examine the history of these two approaches for promoting cardiac repair and attempt to provide context for current and future directions in cardiac regenerative research.
Maternal mortality: beyond overmedicalized solutions.

Maternal deaths, particularly racial disparities in maternal deaths, represent a deeper problem than their medicalized solutions reflect-one deeply rooted in the devaluation of women's well-being, institutional inequality, and racism. Most policy solutions for addressing maternal mortality involve actionable goals within the purview of healthcare providers, medical institutions, and insurance providers. Although we should continue studying the causes of maternal mortality through maternal mortality review committees, reducing racism in medicine with implicit bias training, and standardizing pregnancy care, there is a pressing need to challenge the processes and institutions that lead to health inequities. A woman's income level, insurance status, housing stability, country of origin, gender identity, or skin color should not dictate how likely she is to die from a pregnancy-related cause.
Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 mediates macrophage infiltration in heart to promote pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) is characterized by compromised cardiac structure and function. Previous work has identified a link between upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and HF. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which binds to fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14), a ubiquitously expressed cell-surface receptor. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in promoting cardiac inflammation under non ischemic stress conditions. Main methods Wild type (WT) and Fn14 knock out (Fn14−/−) mice were subjected to pressure overload [transaortic constriction (TAC)] for 1 or 6 weeks. A subset of WT TAC animals were treated with the Fn14 antagonist L524-0366. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Cardiac fibrosis and macrophage infiltration were quantified using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated for quantifying TWEAK-induced chemokine release. Key findings Fn14−/− mice displayed improved cardiac function, reduced fibrosis and lower macrophage infiltration in heart compared to WT following TAC. L524-0366 mitigated maladaptive remodeling with TAC. TWEAK induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 from WT but not Fn14−/− fibroblasts in vitro, in part through activation of non-canonical NF-κB signaling. Finally, Fn14 expression was increased in mouse following TAC and in human failing hearts. Significance Our findings support an important role for the TWEAK/Fn14 promoting macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in heart under non-ischemic stress, with potential for therapeutic intervention to improve cardiac function in the setting of HF.
Rebooting a sports pharmacy advanced pharmacy practice experience: Utilizing medicinal chemistry as a foundational approach to get pharmacists back in the game.

Abstract Background and purpose To implement a sports pharmacy advanced pharmacy practice experience (SP-APPE) utilizing medicinal chemistry as a foundational approach. Educational activity and setting A student-pharmacist and medicinal chemistry faculty member collaborated to reboot a SP-APPE. Approached from a medicinal chemistry perspective and tailored to the infrastructure of the university, three fourth-year student-pharmacists piloted the SP-APPE (fall 2017 to fall 2018). Various performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and supplements were investigated. Student-pharmacists evaluated general knowledge of PEDs along with the perceived value of pharmacists in sports among student-athletes, athletic personnel, and pre-APPE students. Findings By demonstrating how legitimate medications were chemically similar to substances banned by sports governing agencies, comparing chemical structures/pharmacophores of PEDs to those of various prescription drugs, and comprehending athletes' misuse of PEDs, student-pharmacists educated student-athletes and athletic personnel on pertinent topics spanning pharmacy and sports (e.g., marijuana, medication sharing, deciphering supplement labels). Laboratory analytical methods that detect PEDs and educational points regarding potential adverse health risks posed by PED usage were also reviewed. Survey participants (approximately 75%, n = 134) perceived pharmacists as valuable to student-athletes and athletic personnel. Student-pharmacists indicated that medicinal chemistry knowledge was strengthened by completing the APPE and relevant to their pharmacy careers. Summary Based on medicinal chemistry principles, the SP-APPE provided a venue for student-pharmacists to interact with athletics, assist with drug information education, and identify drugs or supplements as chemically related to those banned by sports governing agencies. Confident in medicinal chemistry concepts, student-pharmacists translated their expertise to benefit the patient/student-athlete.
Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Punk Alternative Publications: Challenges to Fugitive Materials

Punk scenes are complex and heterogeneous. They have always been prolific producers of physical documentation of their attitudes, beliefs, and actions. At the same time, these scenes have often exi...
En el umbral del horror: Técnicas y funciones del terror en Autobiografía de un esclavo de Juan Francisco Manzano

In 1835, the Cuban slave Juan Francisco Manzano wrote his autobiography, fulfilling a request made by the abolitionist Domingo del Monte. The original manuscript shows a psychologically split narrator who confronts himself and projects a terrifying mood that produces intense empathy to his readers. In opposition to horror, the terrifying modality is defined by its tendency for concealment whereby it creates incertitude and intrigue. This is visible in the multiple episodes of torture presented in Manzano’s text, in which the narrator focuses on the previous moments of the event, avoiding graphic descriptions. Throughout the analysis of the manuscript’s transcription of William Luis, I argue that this terrifying mood manages to convey the experience of slavery, an unfamiliar condition which most readers were and are unable to grasp. Through an imaginative process, readers can gain access to that experience and feel empathy for the slave at the threshold of horror Resumen En 1835, el esclavo cubano Juan Francisco Manzano escribio su autobiografia, cumpliendo con el encargo del abolicionista Domingo del Monte. El manuscrito original muestra un narrador psicologicamente escindido que lucha consigo mismo y proyecta una tonalidad terrorifica que produce una gran empatia a sus lectores. En oposicion al horror, la modalidad terrorifica se define por su tendencia a la ocultacion, al tiempo que crea incertidumbre e intriga. Esto es visible en los multiples episodios de tortura en el texto, en el cual el narrador se centra en los momentos previos al suceso, evitando descripciones graficas. A traves del analisis de la transcripcion del manuscrito de William Luis, arguyo que esta tonalidad logra expresar la experiencia de la esclavitud, una condicion desconocida para la gran mayoria de los lectores. Gracias a un proceso imaginativo, los lectores pueden tener acceso a la experiencia y sentir empatia por el esclavo en el umbral del horror.
It was ``all'' for ``nothing'': sharp phase transitions for noiseless discrete channels

We prove a phase transition known as the ``all-or-nothing'' phenomenon for noiseless discrete channels. This class of models includes the Bernoulli group testing model and the planted Gaussian perceptron model. Previously, the existence of the all-or-nothing phenomenon for such models was only known in a limited range of parameters. Our work extends the results to all signals with sublinear sparsity. Our main technique is to show that for such models, the ``all'' half of all-or-nothing implies the ``nothing'' half, so that a proof of ``all'' can be turned into a proof of ``nothing.'' Since the ``all'' half can often be proven by straightforward means, our equivalence gives a powerful and general approach towards establishing the existence of this phenomenon in other contexts.