cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Resulting in Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch in a Young Female

Pulmonary embolism is a disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality in which early, accurate diagnosis is imperative. Controversy exists as to whether this disorder is being overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Processes other than pulmonary embolism may produce scintigraphic ventilation-perfusion mismatch and alter the diagnostic specificity of this technique in a small but significant subset of patients. We report a case in which pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch was produced by pulmonary vessel stenosis without evidence of embolic disease. Paradoxically, although the specificity in diagnosing pulmonary embolism with scintigraphic techniques has increased markedly, still greater caution must be exercised in order to preserve this specificity.
Proton donor in yeast pyruvate kinase: chemical and kinetic properties of the active site Thr 298 to Cys mutant.

The active site T298 residue of yeast pyruvate kinase (YPK), located in a position to serve potentially as the proton donor, was mutated to cysteine. T298C YPK was isolated and purified, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. Fluorescence and CD spectra indicate minor structural perturbations. A kinetic analysis of the Mg 2 + -activated enzyme demonstrates no catalytic activity in the absence of the heterotropic activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). In the presence of Mg 2 + and FBP, T298C has approximately 20% of the activity of wild-type (wt) YPK. The activator constant for FBP increases by 1 order of magnitude compared to this constant with the wt enzyme. T298C shows positive cooperativity by FBP with a Hill coefficient of 2.6 (wt, n H , F B P = 1). Mn 2 + -activated T298C behaves like Mn 2 + -activated wt YPK with a V m a x that is 20% of that for the wt enzyme with or without FBP. A pH-rate profile of T298C relative to that for wt YPK shows that pK a , 2 has shifted from 6.4 in wt to 5.5, indicating that the thiol group elicits an acidic pK shift. Inactivation of both wt and T298C by iodoacetate elicits a pseudo-first-order loss of activity with T298C being inactivated from 8 to 100 times faster than wt YPK. A pH dependence of the inactivation rate constant for T298C gives a value of 8.2, consistent with the pK for a thiol. Changes in fluorescence indicate that the T298C-Mg 2 + complex binds PEP, ADP, and both ligands together. This demonstrates that the lack of activity is not due to the loss of substrate binding but to the lack of ability to induce the proper conformational change. The mutation also induces changes in binding of FBP to all the relevant complexes. Binding of the metal and binding of PEP to the enzyme complexes are also differentially altered. Solvent isotope effects are observed for both wt and T298C. Proton inventory studies indicate that k c a t is affected by a proton from water in the transition state and the effects are metal ion-dependent. The results are consistent with water being the active site proton donor. Active site residue T298 is not critical for activity but plays a role in the activation of the water and affects the pK that modulates catalytic activity.
Steady state vacancy concentration around a plastic crack

The vacancy chemical potential associated with the crack region and with the lattice dislocations representing the plastic zone are identified in terms of the energy of the dislocation configuration. In order to determine the steady state vacancy concentration, the configuration is considered as made up of several internal sources of stress. The diffusion equation under steady state is solved for a crystal containing each source of stress. Further, superposition of the concentration of vacancies around each source is used to determine the total concentration of vacancies for small scale deformation at the crack tip. On the other hand, for large scale deformation at the tip, matching boundary conditions are applied to determine the concentration in each region containing an internal source. Both the discrete dislocation and the single lattice dislocation representations of the crack are employed to determine the crack growth rate. The results are used to emphasize the influence of the plastic zone on the crack growth rate by vacancy diffusion mechanism.
Impact of migraine on the family.

The extensive literature on pain and the family contains little on migraine and the family. A national sample of migraine sufferers, interviewed by telephone, was questioned on how they perceived migraine affected their family life. Sixty percent believed that their families were significantly affected. Most stated that their families were understanding, but a considerable number reported that family members took a negative attitude. This was particularly so with younger children deprived of parental care during migraine attacks. Spousal relationships also suffered. Frequency and quality of sexual relationships were affected; and in a small number of cases, divorce was the outcome. The significance of these findings in migraine management is discussed.
The revolution inside the box

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE research is undergoing a rrenewed vitality. No longer is the road ahead clear for microprocessors, Indeed, a decade ago the road seemed straightforward: deeper pipelines, more microprocessors, and little change to the core instruction set architecture. No longer. For a variety of technological reasons, manufacturers have embraced multicore CPUS for the mainstream of desktop computing such a change represents the bioggest single risk these vendors have taken in decades, as they are now expecting software developers to embrace a programming model they have been reluctant to target in the past.
Pregnancy incidence in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

Abstract Reproductive performance in cows exposed for two lactations to recombinant bST was measured using unconditional logistic regression. Intramuscular administration of 17.2, 51.6, and 86mg of recombinant bST/d per cow started at d 70 postpartum and ended at dry-off or 305 d postpartum. Performance was measured as the cumulative incidence of cows becoming pregnant by 305 d postpartum. Within each parity group, cows treated with bST had higher total milk yield. During the first study lactation, the log odds of a cow becoming pregnant decreased linearly as dose increased, following adjustment for serum cholesterol, blood urea N, average daily milk yield, peak milk yield, net energy balance, and body condition score. However, differences in pregnancy incidence between treated and untreated cows were statistically significant only at the higher dose categories, the 51.6 and 86.0mg of recombinant bST per cow. During the second study lactation, pregnancy rates were similar to those in the first lactation; rates reduced as recombinant bST dose increased. The singular exception was for cows exposed to recombinant bST during the previous lactation but not during the second. In the latter group, previously treated cows had higher pregnancy incidence than did the controls.
Reported behavior of eating anything at anytime and risk of colorectal cancer in women

Although numerous studies have assessed the effect of foods and nutrients on colorectal carcinogenesis, few studies have investigated human eating behavior in relation to risk of colorectal cancer. In our study, we assessed whether the reported behavior of eating anything at anytime influenced colorectal cancer risk and related plasma biomarkers. We prospectively followed up 55,540 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were aged 48-73 years, had no history of cancer, ulcerative colitis or diabetes and responded to the item "I eat anything I want, anytime I want" in the 1994 questionnaire. We also analyzed blood samples for 1,994 women, which were collected in 1989-1990. During 12 years of follow-up, 552 colorectal cancer cases were documented. After adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, red and processed meat and other known risk factors for colorectal cancer, women who reported eating anything at anytime experienced an increased risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.56) compared to those who did not report this behavior. In addition, reporting eating anything at anytime was associated with higher fasting plasma levels of insulin (p = 0.04) and C-peptide (p = 0.05). In conclusion, reports of eating anything at anytime are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in this large prospective cohort study, independent of other potential risk factors for colorectal cancer.
A multi-channel image reconstruction method for grating-based X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography

In this work, we report on the development of an advanced multi-channel (MC) image reconstruction algorithm for grating-based X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (GB-XPCT). The MC reconstruction method we have developed operates by concurrently, rather than independently as is done conventionally, reconstructing tomographic images of the three object properties (absorption, small-angle scattering, refractive index). By jointly estimating the object properties by use of an appropriately defined penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) estimator, the 2nd order statistical properties of the object property sinograms, including correlations between them, can be fully exploited to improve the variance vs. resolution tradeoff of the reconstructed images as compared to existing methods. Channel-independent regularization strategies are proposed. To solve the MC reconstruction problem, we developed an advanced algorithm based on the proximal point algorithm and the augmented Lagrangian method. By use of experimental and computer-simulation data, we demonstrate that by exploiting inter-channel noise correlations, the MC reconstruction method can improve image quality in GB-XPCT.
Effectiveness of a rescue dose of antenatal betamethasone after an initial single course.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of a single rescue dose of antenatal betamethasone after an initial single course on the frequency of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal infectious morbidity in pregnancies complicated with preterm labor and delivery. Study Design: We performed a cohort analysis of singleton pregnancies for which delivery occurred between 28 and 34 weeks' gestation after a single course of betamethasone administered before 28 weeks' gestation. Patients were then segregated into the following 2 groups on the basis of betamethasone exposure at the delivery admission: (1) a single 12-mg injection (rescue group) and (2) observation only (observation group). Patients who delivered infants within 24 hours of the rescue dose were excluded, as were those who had ruptured membranes for longer than 24 hours before delivery, those with diabetes that required insulin, and those with exposure to repeated doses of betamethasone before admission. Data were analyzed by use of the Student t test, χ 2 test, and Fisher exact test. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the effect of each steroid dosing regimen on respiratory distress syndrome. Two-tailed P values Results: A total of 152 patients were included, with 89 in the rescue group and 63 in the observation group. Both groups were similar with respect to maternal demographics, mean gestational age at the initial single course and at delivery, mode of delivery, and mean birth weights. Rescue administration was significantly associated with a reduction in the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.9) and mean ventilator days (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.8) compared with observation alone. All other studied perinatal outcomes analyzed were similar between the groups. Multiple logistic regression confirmed an independent association between a single rescue dose and a reduction in the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.9). Conclusions: A single rescue dose of betamethasone is associated with a reduction in the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome without an apparent increase in perinatal infectious disease. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1086-9.)
3. Novel mouse models for the investigation of neuronal–glial immune interactions

Immune challenge alters central nervous system (CNS)-mediated processes and complex behaviors. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) are well characterized immunomodulators that mediate multiple aspects of the innate immune response. IL-1 and TNF respectively bind to IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) and TNF p55 receptor (TNFR1) present on neurons and glia. Systemic or central administration of IL-1 or TNF elicits sickness behaviors including sleep–wake behavior alterations, decreased appetite, and social withdrawal. Furthermore, neurons and glia produce cytokines in response to an immune challenge. Collectively, these observations suggest neuronal–glial interactions involving cytokines are crucial to the manifestation of sickness behavior. Nevertheless, the relative contribution of neurons and glia to the modulation of complex behavior and physiology during immune challenge is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we engineered four transgenic mouse lines that express IL-1R1 or TNFR1 only in the CNS and selectively on neurons or astrocytes. These transgenic mice express either IL-1R1 or TNFR1 cDNA under transcriptional control of neuron-specific enolase or human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoters. Our animals provide a unique tool to study CNS responses to immune challenge independent from peripheral actions of IL-1 or TNF. The systematic and selective examination of neuronal–glial cytokine interactions will further our understanding of the central response to immune activation relevant to a spectrum of pathologies characterized by inflammation.
Relative vascularity of certain anatomical areas of the brain and other organs of the rat.

IT need scarcely be pointed out that for the meaningful interpretation of the results of work where an exogenous material is administered to an animal and the assay performed on dissected areas of tissues with their content of blood, as is usually the case, it is frequently necessary to know the contribution of blood to the respective areas. This is particularly true if the concentration of a given substance is much greater in the blood than in the tissues.
A comparison of plant parameters and soluble carbohydrates of resistant and susceptible wheat infested with biotype E Hessian flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), larval feeding on one susceptible and two resistant wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., cultivars. The stem number, plant and crown weights, and soluble crown carbohydrates were measured in susceptible ‘Monon’ (with the H3 gene) and resistant ‘Abe’ (H5 gene) and ‘Caldwell’ (H6 gene) wheat infested with biotype E Hessian fly larvae. All plant variables were significantly different between infested and control ‘Monon’ wheat, and no significant difference in plant variables was detected in the resistant wheats 4 wk after infestation. Of the four carbohydrates analyzed, only fructan in ‘Monon,’ and fructose in ‘Abe’ differed significantly between the two treatments. These data support the use of resistant genes in plants to control the Hessian fly, in that essentially no damage was observed in the resistant wheat, whereas susceptible ‘Monon’ was damaged severely.
Polarization-beamspace self-initiating MUSIC for azimuth/elevation angle estimation

A novel MUSIC-based (multiple signal classification) direction finding algorithm applicable to arbitrary three-dimensional arrays of electromagnetic vector-sensors is herein proposed. This innovative algorithm: (1) self-generates coarse estimates of the arrival angles to start off its MUSIC-based iterative search without any a priori information on the sources' parameters, (2) exploits the sources' polarization diversity, (3) decouples the estimation of the sources' arrival angles from the estimation of the sources' polarization parameters, and (4) automatically pairs the x-axis direction-cosine estimates with the y-axis direction-cosine estimates and with the polarization estimates. An electromagnetic vector-sensor is composed of six co-located diversely polarized antennas distinctly measuring all six electromagnetic-field components of a multi-source incident wave-field and is commercially available. This proposed algorithm forms polarized beams at each vector-sensor, based on coarse estimates of each source's respective electromagnetic-field components obtained by decoupling the signal-subspace eigenvectors. Simulation results verify this innovative scheme's capability to self-generate initial estimates for its MUSIC-based iterative search and demonstrate the proposed algorithm's superior performance relative to a similarly spaced array of unpolarized scalar sensors. Under one scenario, the proposed method lowers the estimation bias by 98% and the estimation standard deviation by 40%.
Fatigue life prediction of filled polypropylene based on creep rupture

To predict the fatigue performance of talc-filled polypropylene in engineering applications, a simple relationship using constant stress data to predict the cycles-to-failure (Nf) was developed: where k and n are constants from creep rupture tests, v is the cyclic frequency (≤1 Hz to avoid self-heating), f(n) is a function that accounts for the wave form, and a is the peak cyclic stress with a zero minimum stress. For stress concentrations produced by central holes, σ is taken as the average net section stress and the effect of the stress concentration is ignored. Extensive tests were used to verify this expression for cyclic frequencies of 1.0 and 0.1 Hz, sinusoidal and triangular waveforms, stress concentrations produced by small and large holes, and 20 and 40 percent talc filler content.
Preparation of a mixture of nucleoside triphosphates suitable for use in synthesis of nucleotide phosphate sugars from ribonucleic acid using nuclease P1, a mixture of nucleoside monophosphokinases and acetate kinase.

This paper (1) describes the enzymatic syntheses of a mixture of adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP) from ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA was hydrolyzed by nuclease P1 to a mixture of 5′-nucleoside monophosphates. This mixture was converted to the nucleoside triphosphates using a mixture of nucleoside monophosphate kinases and acetate kinase, with acetyl phosphate as the ultimate phosphoryl donor. The nucleoside monophosphokinases were extracted from brewer’s yeast in a four-step procedure. The specific activity of the yeast enzyme preparation after gel permeation chromatography was sufficiently high that the yeast kinases could be immobilized in volumes that were practical for laboratory scale syntheses. Conversions from NMP to NTP in a mixture containing 0.34 mol of total nucleoside phosphates were: ATP, 90%; GTP, 90%; CTP, 60%; and UTP, 40%.
Contrasting effects of IFNβ and IVIG in children with central and peripheral demyelination

Reported are three children with MS who responded dramatically to interferon-β (IFNβ) therapy. While on immunomodulatory therapy, they developed chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) that responded to IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration. These cases emphasize two interesting observations: 1) IFNβ treatment did not prevent development of CIDP; 2) CIDP in the context of MS responded to IVIG, even though IVIG had no therapeutic effect on the central demyelinating disease.
Intact priming for novel perceptual representations in amnesia

Recent studies have challenged the notion that priming for ostensibly novel stimuli such as pseudowords (REAB) reflects the creation of new representations. Priming for such stimuli could instead reflect the activation of familiar memory representations that are orthographically similar (READ) and/or the activation of subparts of stimuli (RE, EX, AR), which are familar because they occur commonly in English. We addressed this issue in three experiments that assessed perceptual identification priming and recognition memory for novel and familiar letter strings in amnesic patients and control subjects. Priming for words, pseudowords, and orthographically illegal nonwords was fully intact in the amnesic patients following a single exposure, whereas recognition memory was impaired for the same items. Thus, priming can occur for stimuli that are unlikely to have preexisting representations. Words and pseudowords exhibited twice as much priming as illegal nonwords, suggesting that activation may contribute to priming for words and wordlike stimuli. Additional results showed that priming for illegal nonwords resulted from the formation of new perceptual associations among the component letters of each nonword rather than the activation of individual letter representations. In summary, the results demonstrate that priming following a single exposure can depend on the creation of new perceptual representations and that such priming is independent of the brain structures essential for declarative memory.
Abnormalities of one-carbon metabolism in psychiatric disorders: study of methionine adenosyltransferase kinetics and lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract Two independent lines of inquiry have implicated some disturbance of one-carbon cycle metabolism in affective disorders. (1) Folic acid deficiency commonly leads to depression, and S-adenosylmethionine has been reported to have antidepressant properties. (2) Methionine adenosyltransferase has been reported to be underactive in depression and schizophrenia and over active in mania. This study reports the effects on erythrocyte methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) kinetics (V max ) of a 2-week treatment in a population of patients housed on a psychiatric research ward. The drug-free schizophrenic patients and depressives had, upon admission, low V max values, and the drug-free manic patients had high V max values on admission. After 2 weeks of appropriate treatment, the values for all three patient samples showed significant normalization (i.e., the levels rose in schizophrenics and depressives and fell in manies). We have further shown that pretreatment low levels of erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylcholine in depressives and high levels in manies show statistically significant normalization following 2 weeks of pharmacotherapy. The significance of these results is discussed .
SOME RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO A NONECLECTIC APPROACH

Of recent, there is a growing trend towards an eclecticism that leads to the use of interventions based upon an amalgam of techniques and naive assumptions about the curative power of relationships. As an alternative, the author reviews recent psychoanalytic studies that provide an in-depth understanding of developmental and interactional clinical processes. He concludes that for many of our clients supportive approaches are not helpful since they fail to deal with the internalized pathology that impedes growth. Case material is provided to illustrate that the appropriate management of the therapeutic situation provides an opportunity for meaningful structural change.
Needle‐type glucose biosensor with an electrochemically codeposited enzyme in a platinum black matrix

In this study we report the development of a needle-type glucose biosensor for the management of hemorrhagic shock. The immobilization technique depends on the electrophoretic deposition of the glucose oxidase enzyme in an electrochemically grown platinum black matrix. The sensor was coated with Nafion to decrease the effect of interferents. Preliminary tests were carried out to evaluate the sensor performance in vitro. These tests included the measurement of glucose levels in buffer solutions containing various potential physiological interferents, as well as in bovine serum. The preliminary results show the sensor to have inearity up to 33 mM and a diminished response to interferents. The advantages of this technique are its simplicity and high controllability.
Evaluating informed consent for research: a methodological study with older adults.

Eighty older adults (M — 70.1 years, range — 60‐82 years) participated in an evaluation of the methods used for studying informed consent for research studies. Multiple choice and fill‐in questions were selected as representatives of commonly used testing formats and were compared using separate measures of comprehension and delayed memory. The findings suggest that poor memory or recall of the consent information is not necessarily the result of poor comprehension of the material. Comparisons of the two question formats indicated that, in general, either could be used when testing for comprehension. However, the use of the multiple choice formal to evaluate delayed memory might, in effect, lead one to underestimate the extent of the problems associated with the ability of older individuals to remember information that had been provided during the consent sign‐up period.
DFT investigation of MoS2 nanoclusters used as desulfurization catalysts

Supported single-layer MoS2 is a well-established catalyst used by the petroleum industry to remove sulfur from fossil fuels. It is believed that the catalytic activity occurs at the edge of the MoS2 nanoparticles. Recently, atomic-scale images of MoS2 nanoclusters under catalytic working conditions have been obtained with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These images show that certain triangular-shaped “magic clusters” are formed, where the triangular shape is attributed to stabilization from excess sulfur at the cluster edges. Much of the recent theoretical rationalization of the MoS2 cluster structures has been formulated by using plane-wave DFT calculations. However, the clusters observed in the recent STM images are small enough that their structures and properties can be evaluated using direct space DFT calculations. We present the theoretically optimized structures obtained with DFT calculations for the series of Mo10Sx clusters with x = 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36. From consideration of their relative energies and simulated STM images, we find the cluster with the Mo10 core most likely being imaged in the STM experiments is the Mo-edge cluster Mo10S24. This contrasts with the assignment to the S-edge cluster Mo10S24 by the experimentalists and their suggestion that Mo-edge clusters are less favored than S-edge clusters when there are 21 or less Mo atoms. Furthermore, despite being able to build initial Mo10Sx structures with a high degree of symmetry, we find the fully optimized Mo10Sx clusters to have essentially no symmetry, and we discuss how this could be playing a role in the MoS2 catalytic activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Sensitivity Plots for Confounder Bias in the Single Mediator Model

Background:Causal inference continues to be a critical aspect of evaluation research. Recent research in causal inference for statistical mediation has focused on addressing the sequential ignorability assumption; specifically, that there is no confounding between the mediator and the outcome variable.Objectives:This article compares and contrasts three different methods for assessing sensitivity to confounding and describes the graphical depiction of these methods.Design:Two types of data were used to fully examine the plots for sensitivity analysis. The first type was generated data from a single mediator model with a confounder influencing both the mediator and the outcome variable. The second was data from an actual intervention study. With both types of data, situations are examined where confounding has a large effect and a small effect.Subjects:The nonsimulated data were from a large intervention study to decrease intentions to use steroids among high school football players. We demonstrate one sit...
Ultraviolet Fe VII absorption lines in planetary nebula nuclei, hot subdwarfs, and hot degenerate objects

Results are reported from a search for Fe VII absorption lines in data from high-dispersion IUE-SWP observations of PN nuclei (PNN), hot subdwarfs (HSDs), and hot white dwarfs (HWDs). The data-reduction techniques employed are outlined, and the results are presented in extensive tables and sample spectra and characterized in detail. Absorption in at least one of the four Fe VII lines above 120 nm wavelength is found in 22 of 51 PNN, and possibly in 10 HSDs, in the pulsating HWD PG 1159 - 035, and in the PNN K1 - 16. It is concluded that Fe VII is more common in WD progenitors such as PNN than previously predicted and is especially typical of the more luminous low-gravity stars.
Perceptions of Children's Credibility in Sexual Assault Cases1

Children's testimony often plays a central role in prosecutions of child sexual abuse. Nevertheless, research on jurors' perceptions of the credibility of child sexual assault victims remains limited. In three experiments, we examined mock jurors' reactions to children's testimony about sexual abuse. Participant jurors were exposed to videotaped or written scenarios of child sexual abuse trials and then rated victim credibility and defendant guilt. Analyses indicated that: (a) victim age was either inversely related or unrelated to perceptions of victim credibility, (b) women were more likely than men to find child victims credible, (c) corroborating testimony from a child victim increased the credibility of another child victim, and (d) exposure of participants to past criminal acts and other negative defendant character evidence heightened perceived victim credibility and defendant guilt. Implications for understanding jurors' reactions to child witnesses are discussed.
Eagle’s syndrome: embryology, anatomy, and clinical management

Background Eagle’s syndrome refers to a rare constellation of neuropathic and vascular occlusive symptoms caused by pathologic elongation or angulation of the styloid process and styloid chain. First described in 1652 by Italian surgeon Piertro Marchetti, the clinical syndrome was definitively outlined by Watt Eagle in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
INTEnD: a dispersed, virtual engineering design team approach to globalize engineering education

In 1998 at a meeting in the Netherlands with a group of international engineering educators from TU Delft, University of Utrecht, Eindhoven University and Kaiserslautern University, the INTEnD Program (International Networked Teams for Engineering Design) was created. The INTEnD program links multidisciplinary research groups from participating institutions from around the world for the purpose of studying and practicing how dispersed engineering product design teams can function more effectively. Issues of leadership, power, trust, language, time differences, cultural differences, communication and education differences pose critical barriers to the dispersed teams in addition to the many technical issues that the engineering design process normally poses on a design team.
Depressive disorders and panic attacks in women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a population-based sample.

Abstract Objective We report the population prevalence of probable depressive disorders and current panic attacks in women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) symptoms and describe their characteristics and access care. Method We conducted a telephone screening of 146,231 households and telephone interviews with women with BPS/IC symptoms. A weighted probability sample of 1469 women who met the criteria for BPS/IC was identified. Measures of BPS/IC severity, depressive symptoms, panic attacks and treatment utilization were administered. T and χ 2 tests were used to examine differences between groups. Results Over one third of the sample ( n =536) had a probable diagnosis of depression, and 52% (n=776) reported recent panic attacks. Women with a probable diagnosis of depression or current panic attacks reported worse functioning and increased pain and were less likely to work because of bladder pain. Conclusions In this community-based sample, rates of probable current depression and panic attacks are high, and there is considerable unmet need for treatment. These findings suggest that clinicians should be alert to complaints of bladder pain in patients seeking treatment for depressive or anxiety disorders and to complaints of emotional or personal problems in patients seeking treatment for painful bladder symptoms.
Is this urgent?: exploring time-sensitive information needs in collaborative question answering

As online Collaborative Question Answering (CQA) servicessuch as Yahoo! Answers and Baidu Knows are attracting users, questions, and answers at an explosive rate, the truly urgent and important questions are increasingly getting lost in the crowd. That is, questions that require immediate responses are pushed out of the way by the trivial but more recently arriving questions. Unlike other questions in collaborative question answering (CQA) for which users might be willing to wait until good answers appear, urgent questions are likely to be of interest to the asker only if answered in the next few minutes or hours. For such questions, late responses are either not useful or are simply not applicable. Unfortunately, current collaborative question-answering systems do not distinguish urgent questions from the rest, and could thus be ineffective for urgent information needs. We explore text- and data- mining methods for automatically identifying urgent questions in the CQA setting. Our results indicate that modeling the question context (i.e., the particular forum/category where the question was posted) can increase classification accuracy compared to the text of the question alone.
Therapeutic potential of exogenous ubiquitin during resuscitation from severe trauma.

Background: Recent studies suggest that extracellular ubiquitin could have a physiologic role in immunodepression in sepsis and trauma. The therapeutic potential of exogenous ubiquitin after trauma has not been examined. To fill this gap, we designed a series of experiments in a clinically relevant trauma model. Methods: Forty minutes after femur fractures and hemorrhage, swine received 1.3 mg of ubiquitin per kilogram or bovine serum albumin intravenously followed by fluid resuscitation to maintain systemic hemodynamics. Leukocyte function and the immunomodulatory capacity of serum were assessed measuring endotoxin-evoked tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) production ex vivo. TNFa and ubiquitin were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Intravenous ubiquitin had no significant hemodynamic effect in normal animals. After injury, ubiquitin significantly reduced fluid requirements by at least 60% (p < 0.05). The injury was associated with transient immunodepression, as reflected by reduced endotoxin-evoked TNFa production by 40% to 50%. With ubiquitin, this response remained depressed for 100 to 160 minutes (p < 0.05), but fully recovered to baseline with albumin. Conclusion: Ubiquitin is apparently safe and effective for reducing fluid requirements as a measure of diffuse capillary leak. This immunomodulatory property suggests a new therapeutic approach after injury in particular, and for infectious and noninfectious inflammation in general.
Highly Mutagenic Bypass Synthesis by T7 RNA Polymerase of Site-specific Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide-adducted Template DNA

We have previously developed an in vitro system that allows quantitative evaluation of the fidelity of transcription during synthesis on a natural template in the presence of all four nucleotides. Here, we have employed this system using a TAA ochre codon reversion assay to examine the fidelity of transcription by T7 RNA polymerase past an adenine residue adducted at the N6-position with (-)-anti-trans- or (+)-anti-trans-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE). T7 RNAP was capable of transcribing past either BPDE isomer to generate full-length run-off transcripts. The extent of bypass was found to be 32% for the (-)-anti-trans-isomer and 18% for the (+)-anti-trans-isomer. Transcription past both adducts was highly mutagenic. The reversion frequency of bypass synthesis of the (-)-anti-trans-isomer was elevated 11,000-fold and that of the (+)-anti-trans-isomer 6000-fold, relative to the reversion frequency of transcription on unadducted template. Adenine was misinserted preferentially, followed by guanine, opposite the adenine adducted with either BPDE isomer. Although base substitution errors were by far the most frequent mutation on the adducted template, three- and six-base deletions were also observed. These results suggest that transcriptional errors, particularly with regard to damage bypass, may contribute to the mutational burden of the cell.
Data Warehousing Requirements Collection and Definition: Analysis of a Failure

Defining data warehouse requirements is widely recognized as one of the most important steps in the larger data warehouse system development process. This paper examines the potential risks and pitfalls within the data warehouse requirement collection and definition process. A real scenario of a large-scale data warehouse implementation is given, and details of this project, which ultimately failed due to inadequate requirement collection and definition process, are described. The presented case underscores and illustrates the impact of the requirement collection and definition process on the data warehouse implementation, while the case is analyzed within the context of the existing approaches, methodologies, and best practices for prevention and avoidance of typical data warehouse requirement errors and oversights.
Influences of Nitrogen Dilution in the Near Flow Field of Transition Regime Lifted Natural Gas Jet Flames

Flame liftoff height data were obtained on lifted methane jet flames diluted with nitrogen at transition regime Reynolds numbers. The data were analyzed to better understand and model natural gas combustion phenomena, in particular the effects of dilution in the near transition regime of methane jet flames. Images of the stable lifted flames were obtained at low Reynolds numbers from 2000 to 3800. This regime of Reynolds numbers was chosen due to the instability of laminar, lifted methane flames at these lower Reynolds numbers. Amongst other applications, lifted flames are often utilized in boilers and industrial burners to reduce thermal stresses, and are thus of importance in natural gas and low calorific fuel gas combustion. Radial and axial locations of the lowest flammable regions were observed. Since definitive models depicting lifted flames in the transition regime between laminar and turbulent flows have not yet been developed, the data was compared to the approximations of a turbulent flame model. The mass fraction model proposed by Tieszen et al (1996), which approximates the flammable regions based on mass fraction of fuel, was utilized in the analysis. For the conditions examined, turbulent lifted methane flames exist between mass fractions of 0.05 and 0.15. Applying this model showed that experimental results occurred outside of the leanest combustion zone predicted. At low Reynolds numbers, the model’s limit for radial location was the most pronounced factor which distinguished the predicted and observed values. These findings could be a result of the instabilities in the transition regime that result from lower stream velocities, such as unsteady vortical structures or small radial variance. It may also be a result of the data occurring at the lower limit of the model’s applicable regime. Some examination of the data also shows a correlation between mass flow rate of the diluent and the deviation of the experimental data from the theoretical data. Further investigations will continue to observe the effects of dilution into higher Reynolds number jet flames under dilution and co-flow, since they are important in understanding fundamental behavior seen in syngas and low calorific gas combustion.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
High resolution solid state NMR study of pillared clays

Abstract This review deals with clays pillared by aluminium oligomer only. MAS NMR studies demonstrate without ambiguity that the pillaring agent is the Al13 Keggin-like cation or a polymer of Al13. The density of pillars within the interlayer space (gallery) and/or the more or less localized character of the negative charge of the host lattice dominate the polymerization process. Upon dehydroxylation (at about 350 °C), Al13 retains its characteristic 27Al four-fold coordinated spectral feature except in beidellite. In no cases does the thermal transformation of the pillars lead to a spinel-like structure. Pillaring from aqueous solution is a cation exchange process which does not affect the short-range ordering within the clay sheets. The 29Si and 27Al spectra of the unpillared and pillared clays are indeed identical. Upon calcination below the dehydroxylation temperature of the clay lattice, clay sheets are cross-linked by the pillars. In the case where, for one reason or another, the host lattice charge is more localized, cross-linking involves the rearrangement of the chemical bonds and, eventually inversion of tetrahedra towards the gallery. In other cases, cross-linking seems to result from cohesive forces bringing dehydrated and dehydroxylated pillars into contact with the basal planes of the clay sheets. More information is needed in order to provide unambiguous conclusions on these mechanisms.
Radiation for prostate cancer: use of biochemical failure as an endpoint following radiotherapy

The introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a reliable tumor marker for prostate cancer brought significant changes in endpoints after therapy and in outcome reporting. Over the last 15 years we have collected follow-up information in this new era and struggled with failure definitions using this new tool. Parameters for failure after radiation were especially controversial due to the fact that, unlike surgery, a variable amount of normal prostate function and PSA production remained. In 1996, the ASTRO Consensus Conference established a PSA failure definition based on the available information at the time. It was commonly used for outcome reporting subsequently although criticisms have been voiced and alternate definitions proposed. A recently assembled multi-institutional database was used both for long-term outcome reporting with external beam radiation and to test various other failure definitions. A summary of these results and the associated issues are presented here.
Economic aspects of a general vaccination against invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) via the experience of the Children's Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain

With the aim of studying whether a general vaccination against invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is economically profitable bearing in mind the efficacy and safety of the vaccine, its price and the global cost that this disease has in our area, a review is conducted of patients admitted due to invasive disease caused by Hib in the Children's Hospital La Fe, Valencia, born between 1984 and 1993. They total 100, 63 who have meningitis. In the 81 cases (56 with meningitis) born between 1984 and 1990 (years that can be regarded as "closed" since all the patients were younger than 5 years of age) the total cost has been calculated for hospitalization, care during the acute phase, care for the sequelae (6 severe and 7 mild) and death (5 cases). The mean annual cost of care can be calculated at 62 million pesetas, without making an economic valuation of the loss of life, and at 205 million pesetas taking this factor into account. The annual cost of vaccinating the 7000 babies under one year of age and falling within the Hospital's catchment area, on the basis of a vaccination pattern of three doses (at 2, 4 and 6 months) or four doses (at 2, 4, 6 and 15 months) would amount to 63 or 84 million pesetas, normal price to public (not covered by National Health Service), and 40 or 51 million pesetas if acquired by National Health Service. As a conclusion we can state that, even from the economic point of view, without quantifying the cost of the loss of life, a public general anti-Hib vaccination would be profitable in our area since it would mean an administration cost lower than that of the care required by patients. This is without taking into account the fact that emotional, family and social serious disturbances would also be avoided due to hospitalization, sequelae and deaths caused by a disease which is today perfectly preventable.
Deposition and Early Hydrologic Evolution of Westwater Canyon Wet Alluvial-Fan System: ABSTRACT

The Westwater Canyon Member is one of several large, low-gradient alluvial fans that comprise the Morrison Formation in the Four Corners area. Morrison fans were deposited by major laterally migrating streams entering a broad basin bounded by highlands on the west and south. The Westwater sandstone framework consists of a down-fan succession of (1) proximal braided channel, (2) straight bedload-channel, (3) sinuous mixed load-channel, and (4) distributary mixed load-channel sandstone bodies. Regional sandstone distribution and facies patterns are highly digitate and radiate from a point source northwest of Gallup, New Mexico. Early groundwater flow evolution within the Westwater fan aquifer system can be inferred by analogy with Quaternary wet-fan deposits and by the interpreted paragenetic sequence of diagenetic features present. Syndepositional flow was controlled by the down-fan hydrodynamic gradient and high horizontal and vertical transmissivity of the sand-rich fan aquifer. Groundwater was abundant, fresh, and slightly alkaline; dissolution and transport of soluble humate would be likely. With increasing confinement of the aquifer below less permeable tuffaceous Brushy Basin deposits and release of soluble constituents from volcanic ash, flow patterns stabilized and relatively more saline, pregnant groundwater permeated the aquifer. Uranium mineralization occurred during this early postdepositional, emiconfined flow phase. Exposure, erosion, and possible further flushing of proximal fan deposits had little apparent effect on the aquifer. Development of overlying Dakota swamps suggests a shallow water table indicative of regional discharge or stagnation. In either event, only limited downward flux of acidic water is recorded by local bleached, kaolinized zones where Westwater directly underlies the Dakota. Subsequent groundwater flow phases have further obscured primary alteration patterns and caused some local oxidation and redistribution of uranium. End_of_Article - Last_Page 689------------
Functional assays for mRNA detect many new messages after male meiosis in mice

We have investigated the changes occurring in the pattern of translatable mRNA species in germ cells during spermatogenesis of mice. Highly homogeneous cell populations of spermatocytes or spermatids were purified. Poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated from each cell population by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. A comparison of meiotic and post-meiotic mRNAs was made by two-dimensional gel analyses of their in vitro synthesized translation products. Among spots identified in the fluorograms of two-dimensional gels, a number of qualitatively new proteins appeared after meiosis. The results suggest that some of poly(A)+ mRNAs are transcribed post-meiotically in haploid germ cells.