cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smooth Sensitivity Based Approach for Differentially Private Principal Component Analysis.

Currently known methods for this task either employ the computationally intensive \emph{exponential mechanism} or require an access to the covariance matrix, and therefore fail to utilize potential sparsity of the data. The problem of designing simpler and more efficient methods for this task has been raised as an open problem in \cite{kapralov2013differentially}. In this paper we address this problem by employing the output perturbation mechanism. Despite being arguably the simplest and most straightforward technique, it has been overlooked due to the large \emph{global sensitivity} associated with publishing the leading eigenvector. We tackle this issue by adopting a \emph{smooth sensitivity} based approach, which allows us to establish differential privacy (in a worst-case manner) and near-optimal sample complexity results under eigengap assumption. We consider both the pure and the approximate notions of differential privacy, and demonstrate a tradeoff between privacy level and sample complexity. We conclude by suggesting how our results can be extended to related problems.
Pain and Rash in a Stem Cell Transplant Recipient

A 40-year-old man with a medical history of chronic myelogenous leukemia who had undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplant presented with left leg pain. The pain began as left thigh cramping approximately 3 weeks prior to presentation. He then developed a petechial rash on the medial and posterior left thigh. The pain then extended into the left calf and progressively increased in severity. On the day of presentation, the pain was so severe that he was not able to move his leg. He denied paresthesias of the affected extremity, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. He also denied recent trauma to the left leg. He reported having a chronic cough, with acute onset shortness of breath starting the day prior to presentation. He had undergone thoracentesis the week prior. The pleural fluid had negative cytological and culture studies.
The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable

(2007). The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 60-61.
Physical Symptom Burden and Its Association With Distress, Anxiety, and Depression in Breast Cancer.

Background Physical symptom burden and psychologic symptoms are highly prevalent in women with breast cancer. The Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DT&PL) is commonly used in oncology clinics to screen for distress and its accompanying Physical Problem List (PPL) identifies pertinent physical symptoms. Objective We sought to identify physical symptoms found on the PPL and evaluate whether they are associated with psychologic symptoms in women with breast cancer. Methods Patients (n=125) with breast cancer (Stage 0–IV) completed the DT&PL and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. They reported bother from any of 22 PPL items on the DT&PL. PPL items were assessed for their associations with distress, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression. The total number of PPL items endorsed per patient was evaluated for associations with psychologic outcomes, controlling for relevant demographic factors. Results Most physical problems were associated with depression (n = 13, 87%), and anxiety (n = 8, 53%), but fewer were associated with distress (n = 4, 27%). In multivariate analyses, a higher total number of problems was associated with younger age (p = 0.03) and more depressive symptoms (p Conclusion Physical symptom burden detected by the DT&PL co-occurs with depression most commonly and to a lesser extent anxiety and distress in women with breast cancer. Depression is associated with more types of physical symptoms and a total number of physical symptoms. The endorsement of multiple PPL items on the DT&PL should prompt an evaluation for depression. Similarly, depression should prompt the evaluation and treatment of physical symptom burden.
John Foster Dulles, his medical history and its impact on Cold War politics.

John Foster Dulles was the United States Secretary of State during the administration of President Dwight D Eisenhower. At the height of the Cold War, Dulles was Eisenhower’s emissary, traveling ov...
Lattès and Ritt

Joseph Fels Ritt was born six months after Julia in 1893. He received his doctorate from Columbia University in 1917 for his work on differential operators, written under the supervision of Edward Kasner (1878–1955). Following World War I, Ritt taught at Columbia until his death in 1951. Although he wrote several articles on iteration in the late teens and early twenties, his chief interests involved the study of differential equations, and both he and his students made many important contributions to the field of algebraic differential equations.
The dynamite charge: Effects on the perceptions and deliberation behavior of mock jurors.

When juries report they are deadlocked, judges may deliver a supplemental instruction known as thedynamite charge which urges jurors to reexamine their views in an effort to reach a unamimous verdict. To examine the impact of this instruction, 72 mock jurors were led to believe they were participating in a controlled deliberation by voting and passing notes. Subjects were randomly assigned to the majority or minority faction of a 3-to-1 split. After the third round of deliberation, half the subjects received the dynamite charge, half did not. Results provided support for the hypothesis that the dynamite charge causes jurors in the minority to feel coerced and to change their votes and encourages those in the majority to exert increasing amounts of social pressure. These findings are discussed for their practical implications, limitations, and directions for further research.
Controllability and Observability of Circulant Networks

This chapter examines the controllability of a group of agents with first order dynamics adopting a weighted consensus-type coordination protocol over a network, specifically, path graphs, Circulant graphs, and Cartesian products of prime networks.
Offshore Coastal Wind Energy Conversion

A wind turbine should be a reliable low-cost machine capable of running for long periods with no breakdowns and no need for servicing. Current wind turbines are fast-running machines with a few blades linked directly through a gear system to electricity-generating machines. The present state of scientific knowledge and technology for small to medium-size horizontal turbines is such that no major breakthroughs are necessary to start an industrial development on a commercial basis; large turbines greater than one megawatt of both vertical and horizontal types, either land-based or offshore-based, requires effort and research before they reach the stage of industrial implementation. Offshore siting presents a number of attractive advantages but still some constraints, and an in-depth investigation of all aspects of such a possibility is highly recommended. Even in the case of small to medium-size turbines, the exact and proper role of wind machines on the energy generation market has to be defined and mass production techniques to meet an expected increase in demand have to be developed.
Dietary fats, the diurnal blood lipids and ketones in juvenile diabetes.

The fasting levels and diurnal variation in blood lipids were studied in ahout 150 children and adolescents of varying diabetic duration. The diabetics had cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride levels within the normal range but elevated free fatty acids, glycerol and ketone bodies. Postprandial determination does not seem to be any major advantage. The duration of diabetes was without significant influence. Diabetics receiving insulin twice daily almost normalize their FFA values and decrease their ketones in comparison with those taking insulin only once a day. An isocaloric, socially acceptable diet rich in polyunsaturated fat lowered blood lipid levels in a controlled trial over a period of eighteen months.
Dynamic Inversion and Integral Terminal Sliding Mode-Based Control Design for a Quadrotor UAV

This paper presents a robust fault tolerant control scheme for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) subject to actuator faults. The design implements a Dynamic Inversion (DI) controller for altitude and orientation control and an Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control (ITSMC) for internal dynamics stabilization. The controllers’ gains are tuned using a hybrid optimization algorithm. Performance assessment is carried out under nominal conditions, Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) Stuck faults and blown down actuator constraint limits. Good overall tracking performance under impaired conditions and robustness to faults are the main features of the proposed approach.
The impact of urban sprawl on cultural heritage in Herat, Afghanistan: A GIS analysis

Abstract Urbanization is a significant force affecting the preservation of archaeological sites across the globe. Even in war-torn countries such as Afghanistan, urbanization dramatically outpaces looting and other forms of site destruction that have been highly visible in the media. The study presents a method for analyzing how informal urban growth has and will affect heritage sites on the outskirts of the city in coming decades. The method draws on historical aerial and satellite imagery, historical maps and gazetteers, modern urban planning data, and predictive modeling within a GIS to trace recent urban growth, calculate potential areas of future urban growth, and investigate patterns in the impact of urbanization on Herat's cultural heritage. Because it employs simple GIS analyses and widely available input data, this approach should be useful for cultural heritage analysis in the vicinity of cities across Afghanistan and other areas experiencing informal urban growth.
Anhydrooligomers of o-aminobenzaldehydes—the rich chemistry of the Busch macrocycles1Dedicated to Professor Daryle H. Busch on the occasion of his 70th birthday.1

Abstract This review concerns macrocyclic coordination compounds formed in the metal-templated self-condensation reactions of o -aminobenzaldehyde and its derivatives. Both cyclic trimers (TRI) and cyclic tetramers (TAAB), as well as the products of nucleophilic addition, are described. Several synthetic approaches for the preparations of these materials, as well as factors influencing the TAAB/TRI ratio, are summarized. The role of the ligand in the redox chemistry of the coordinated metal ion is discussed, as are the products of ligand reduction. TAAB and TRI complexes as well as H 2 TAAB salts exhibit several types of unusual isomerism; these are described. A variety of spectroscopic techniques have been applied in the study of these materials and the important results are summarized. Recent advances concerning the biochemical and anticancer activity of the titled compounds, as well as their analytical applications, are also mentioned.
Complete Surgical Resection Following Neoadjuvant Dabrafenib Plus Trametinib in BRAFV600E-Mutated Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: When achieved, complete surgical resection improves outcomes in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, most ATC patients present with advanced inoperable disease, often with impending airway obstruction, increased hemorrhage risk, and significant dysphagia. Novel treatment strategies are critically needed to improve disease control and decrease locoregional morbidity. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a neoadjuvant regimen by using dabrafenib with trametinib followed by surgical resection in patients with initially unresectable BRAFV600E-mutated ATC. Methods: Case series of six consecutive patients with BRAFV600E-mutated ATC diagnosed between January 2017 and February 2018. Pathologic confirmation of ATC was obtained before treatment. BRAFV600E status was ascertained via immunohistochemistry or sequencing of circulating tumor DNA. All patients received dabrafenib and trametinib (DT) followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation. Three patients also received pembrolizumab. Results: Complete surgical resection was achieved in all patients. Histopathologic analyses of resected specimens showed high pathologic response rates with significantly decreased ATC viability and residual papillary thyroid carcinoma components. Overall survival at six months and one year was 100% and 83%, respectively. Locoregional control rate was 100%. Two patients died of distant metastases without evidence of locoregional disease at 8 and 14 months from diagnosis. The remaining four patients had no evidence of disease at the last follow-up. Conclusions: We report the first series in the literature of BRAFV600E-mutated ATC patients with locoregionally advanced disease treated with DT followed by surgical resection. We demonstrated feasibility of complete resection, decreased need for tracheostomy, high pathologic response rates, and durable locoregional control with symptom amelioration.
La period room mise en scène : rencontre entre fiction et histoire au musée

Grâce a l’etude de la piece « Un salon francais vers 1750–1760 » (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto), cet article analyse les enjeux methodologiques et epistemologiques associes au processus de (re) construction, d’interpretation et de mediation des recits historiques au moyen de la period room. Il examine comment des effets de recit y prennent forme et quels sont les effets de l’environnement museal pour la valeur de ces derniers en tant qu’outil de construction et de transmission de connaissances. Cette etude contribue a elucider l’ambiguite de la relation entre histoire et fiction dans le contexte de la construction des savoirs et invite a reconnaitre les possibilites heuristiques de leur rencontre afin d’envisager le role actuel que peut jouer la period room.
Julia for robotics: simulation and real-time control in a high-level programming language

Robotics applications often suffer from the ‘two-language problem’, requiring a low-level language for performance-sensitive components and a high-level language for interactivity and experimentation, which tends to increase software complexity. We demonstrate the use of the Julia programming language to solve this problem by being fast enough for online control of a humanoid robot and flexible enough for prototyping. We present several Julia packages developed by the authors, which together enable roughly 2× realtime simulation of the Boston Dynamics Atlas humanoid robot balancing on flat ground using a quadratic-programming-based controller. Benchmarks show a sufficiently low variation in control frequency to make deployment on the physical robot feasible. We also show that Julia’s naturally generic programming style results in versatile packages that are easy to compose and adapt to a wide variety of computational tasks in robotics.
Daily global solar radiation based on MODIS products: the case study of ADRAR region (Algeria)

The Measurements of the solar radiation is important in choosing sites to install projects with solar systems. Adrar region is classified from the high potential solar areas in the world. In this study, we using the atmospheric products of satellite MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and bird model to estimate global solar radiation. The results of estimation were validated with observed data of Adrar station (lat = 36.6, lon = 028). The correlation is very significant and the linear correlation coefficient between estimated and measured values of global solar radiation equal 0.78.
Dealing with tail risk in energy commodity markets: Futures contracts versus exchange-traded funds

Abstract The emergence of energy commodity exchange-traded fund (ETFs) has provided an alternative vehicle for both energy commodity users (long hedgers) and producers (short hedgers) to hedge their respective exposures to unfavorable commodity energy price movements without opening a relatively expensive futures account. This paper examines the usefulness of ETFs in dealing with tail risk in crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, and natural gas markets by analyzing the out-of-sample hedging effectiveness of ETFs and comparing their performance with those of the futures counterparts. The empirical distribution method and kernel copula method are applied to estimate the minimum-Value at Risk (VaR) and minimum-Expected Shortfall (ES) hedge ratios for both long and short hedgers. Our results indicate that the futures contract is a better hedging instrument for hedging tail risk in the crude oil and heating oil markets whereas the ETF provides better downside risk protection in the gasoline and natural gas markets.
Atomic layer deposition of cubic tin–calcium sulfide alloy films

We deposit films of tin–calcium sulfide by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and demonstrate the metastability of this material. Rough and spiky films are obtained by using Sn and Ca precursors with different ligands, whereas compact and smooth films are obtained when the two metal sources share the same ligands. Compositional and quartz crystal microbalance results indicate that part of the underlaying SnS film is replaced and/or removed during the CaS ALD cycle during the ternary film deposition, possibly via a temperature-dependent cation exchange mechanism. The crystal structure transforms from orthorhombic to cubic as the calcium content increases. Furthermore, resistivity increases with calcium content in the alloy films, whereas optical band gap only depends weakly on Ca content. After annealing at 400 °C in an H2S environment, the cubic alloy film undergoes a phase transition into the orthorhombic phase and its resistivity also decreases. Both phenomena could be explained by phase separation of the metastable alloy.
Real-time mobile sensor management framework for city-scale environmental monitoring

Abstract Environmental disasters such as flash floods are becoming more and more prevalent and carry an increasing burden to human civilization. They are usually unpredictable, fast in development and extend across large geographical areas. The consequences of such disasters can be reduced through better monitoring, for example using mobile sensing platforms that can give timely and accurate information to first responders and the public. Given the extended scale of the areas to monitor, and the time-varying nature of the phenomenon, we need fast algorithms to quickly determine the best sequence of locations to be monitored. This problem is very challenging: the present informative mobile sensor routing algorithms are either short-sighted or computationally demanding when applied to large scale systems. In this paper, a real-time sensor task scheduling algorithm that suits the features and needs of city-scale environmental monitoring tasks is proposed. The algorithm is run in forward search and makes use of the predictions of an associated distributed parameter system, modeling flash flood propagation. It partly inherits the causal relation expressed by a search tree, which describes all possible sequential decisions. The computationally heavy data assimilation steps in the forward search tree are replaced by functions dependent on the covariance matrix between observation sets. Taking flood tracking in an urban area as a concrete example, numerical experiments in this paper indicate that this scheduling algorithm can achieve better results than myopic planning algorithms and other heuristics based sensor placement algorithms. Furthermore, this paper relies on a deep learning-based data-driven model to track the system states, and experiments suggest that popular estimation techniques have very good performance when applied to precise data-driven models. The data and code can be freely downloaded from https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1gRz4T2KGFXtlnSugarfUL8r355cXb7Ko?usp=sharing .
Font Cache Design Issues in a Distributed Electronic Publishing System for Japanese Language Documents

In this paper, we investigate critical design issues for a distributed electronic publishing system for Japanese language documents. Several font cache organizations are evaluated and a new strategy, using shadow font cache directories, is proposed.
Design of online pumping schedules in naturally fractured shale formations to enhance total fracture surface area

Pre-existing natural fractures in shale formations often interact with hydraulic fractures, and generate complex fracture geometry by diverting fracture propagation. The currently available pumping schedule design techniques are primarily developed to achieve a desired fracture geometry without considering natural fractures. However, these techniques cannot be directly used as in naturally fractured shale formations, the primary goal has to be enhancing the drainage area available for oil recovery by increasing total fracture surface area (TFSA). Motivated by this consideration, in this work, we will design a new model predictive controller (MPC) to compute the fracturing fluid pumping schedule that maximizes TFSA for given fracturing resources. We have utilized Mangrove simulator as our virtual experiment, which is a recently developed model describing the interaction between natural and hydraulic fractures. Initially, we develop a reduced-order model (ROM) by using the simulation data from Mangrove. Then, the ROM is used to design a Kalman filter to estimate the ROM states by utilizing the available measurement. Next, we propose a MPC to maximize TFSA by manipulating the pumping schedule. A series of closed-loop simulation results demonstrate that the proposed pumping schedule is better in enhancing TFSA than existing ones which do not consider the complex interaction between natural and hydraulic fractures.
Process Mining for Activities of Daily Living in Smart Homecare

Nowadays, an increasing number of people, particularly elderly people, live alone. The ageing population raises concerns in terms of their health and safety and leads to greater demand for elderly homecare. Recent developments in sensing technology and the emerging paradigm of smart homes make it possible to equip homes with sensors, thus allowing continuous monitoring of elderly people's Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Process mining has the potential to be a crucial enabler. Up to now, research on process mining for ADL particularly addressed to elderly people care is an unexplored area that has just started to emerge. This paper applies process mining algorithms for analyzing elderly people behavior.
Can Hernia Sac to Abdominal Cavity Volume Ratio Predict Fascial Closure Rate for Large Ventral Hernia? Reliability of the Tanaka Score.

Background The hernia sac to abdominal cavity volume ratio (VR) on abdominal CT was described previously as a way to predict which hernias would be less likely to achieve fascial closure. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of the previously described cutoff ratio in predicting fascial closure in a cohort of patients with large ventral hernias. Methods Patients who underwent elective, open incisional hernia repair of 18 cm or larger width at a single center were identified. The primary end point of interest was fascial closure for all patients. Secondary outcomes included operative details and abdominal wall-specific quality-of-life metrics. We used VR as a comparison variable and calculated the test characteristics (ie, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values). Results A total of 438 patients were included, of which 337 (77%) had complete fascial closure and 101 (23%) had incomplete fascial closure. The VR cutoff of 25% had a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI, 71% to 80%), specificity of 64% (95% CI, 54% to 74%), positive predictive value of 88% (95% CI, 83% to 91%), and negative predictive value of 45% (95% CI, 36% to 53%). The incomplete fascial closure group had significantly lower quality of life scores at 1 year (83.3 vs 52.5; p = 0.001), 2 years (85 vs 33.3; p = 0.003), and 3 years (86.7 vs 63.3; p = 0.049). Conclusions In our study, the VR cutoff of 25% was sensitive for predicting complete fascial closure for patients with ratios below this threshold. Although there is a higher likelihood of incomplete fascial closure when VR is ≥ 25%, this end point cannot be predicted reliably. Additional studies should be done to study this ratio in conjunction with other hernia-related variables to better predict this important surgical end point.
The Well-being and Instructional Experiences of K-12 Music Educators: Starting a New School Year During a Pandemic

In adapting to remote emergency teaching modes during pandemic-imposed conditions, teachers' instruction has changed dramatically. Early research indicates that the well-being of music teachers has suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic and that high levels of depression are widespread. The purpose of this survey study was to assess the continued psychological well-being of music teachers working amid a global pandemic based upon previous research we conducted during the Spring 2020 semester when most teachers in the United States were forced into emergency remote teaching. A secondary purpose was to explore the ways that pandemic conditions have affected music teachers' sense of safety at work and their current teaching situations. Our questionnaire consisted of sections pertaining to (1) demographic and institutional information, (2) well-being and depression, (3) instructional format and preparedness, (4) teaching efficacy compared to the start of the pandemic, and (5) potential positive outcomes of the pandemic-imposed adjustments. In total, 1,325 music teachers responded to our survey. Overall, the participants reported poorer well-being than both published norms and the sample of participants in our previous study. In addition, 17% reported mild depression, 25% reported moderate depression, and 24% reported severe extremely severe levels of depression. Summaries of the participants instructional experiences and their implications for music education are discussed within.
Commentary: COVID-19 Impact on Interventional Pain Training within the Military Health System.

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army/Navy/Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government.
A Fit Model of Organizational Leadership

Leadership theory has been historically separated along paradigmatic lines. Each paradigm has evolved toward a situational model, as researchers uncovered moderating influences on proposed leadership processes. The author examines this trend, and then proposes a meso-model of organizational leadership based on fit theory. Fit theory is an interactional view of organizational relationships based on similarity and exchange between entities. The proposed fit theory of leadership offers a lens through which leadership can be viewed which implicitly captures the situational and hierarchical nature of leadership processes, while allowing for the integration of extant leadership theory.
Improving Recognition of Children Affected by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Detection of Exposure in Pediatric Care

Early identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) is important for providing services and preventing secondary disabilities. Recent studies indicate that many FASDs are undiagnosed, partly because there is a need to improve detection of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The aims of this review are to characterize existing practices for assessing PAE in pediatric care, identify the most efficient, promising methods of detecting PAE, and recognize the knowledge and practice gaps. This review indicates that maternal self-reports remain the most common method utilized in routine clinical practice and highlights promising methods of PAE identification, including a single binge drinking question. The review yields few studies describing existing strategies to assess PAE in pediatric practice and identifies knowledge gaps that need to be addressed for improving recognition of FASDs in pediatric practice.
ApoE4 Worsens Hippocampal CA1 Apical Neuropil Atrophy and Episodic Memory (S48.005)

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between the APOE e4 allele, hippocampal subfield and stratal anatomy, and episodic memory. BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E4 confers an increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some prior studies suggest that APOE e4 carriers exhibit worse hippocampal atrophy, but the effects on hippocampal subfields and corresponding effects on memory are poorly defined. DESIGN/METHODS: We studied 11 patients with AD, 14 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 14 age-matched healthy controls with no group differences in APOE e4 carrier status. Each subject underwent ultra-high field 7.0-Tesla MRI targeted to the hippocampus and neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: We found a selective, dose-dependent association of APOE e4 with greater atrophy of the CA1 apical neuropil, or stratum radiatum / stratum lacunosum-moleculare (CA1-SRLM), a hippocampal subregion known to exhibit early vulnerability to neurofibrillary pathology in AD. The relationship between the e4 allele and CA1-SRLM atrophy persisted after controlling for dementia severity, and atrophy in other hippocampal subfields and the entorhinal cortex did not differ by APOE e4 carrier status. Carriers also exhibited worse episodic memory function but similar performance in other cognitive domains compared to noncarriers. In a statistical mediation analysis, we found support for the hypothesis that CA1-SRLM atrophy may link the APOE e4 allele to its phenotypic effects on memory. CONCLUSIONS: The APOE e4 allele segregated dose-dependently and selectively with worse CA1-SRLM atrophy and worse episodic memory performance in older subjects across a cognitive spectrum. These findings highlight a possible role for this gene in influencing a critical hippocampal subregion and an associated symptomatic manifestation. Study Supported by: NIH-NIA, American Federation of Aging Research, Alzheimer9s Association, and McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience Disclosure: Dr. Kerchner has received personal compensation for activities with Phloronol, Inc. as an advisory board member. Dr. Berdnik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bernstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fenesy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Deutsch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wyss-Coray has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rutt has nothing to disclose.
China's dual-thrust energy strategy: Economic development and environmental protection

Abstract In view of rather serious environmental problems incurred in the course of energy development, the element of environmental protection should be given due consideration and incorporated into China's future energy development strategy. The new energy strategy should include, inter alia , effective control of the total volume of energy consumption; energetic development of hydropower, nuclear power, solar power and other forms of clean energy; increased conversion of coal into clean electric p power; great efforts to save energy and reduce energy consumption in coal-electricity conversion; and active popularization of the use of gasified coal and central heating systems in urban areas.
A symmetry problem from probability

We examine solutions of two related boundary value problems for smooth domains in Euclidean space which arise from variational problems in probability. We show that the existence of solutions to each problem implies that the domain is a sphere.
Attorney–Client Privilege

The attorney–client privilege is a legal protection that prevents the disclosure of confidential communications made between an attorney and client for the purposes of legal advice or assistance. Based on the attorney's duty to protect a client's confidences, the attorney–client privilege is one of the oldest privileges recognized by American courts and requires the existence of an attorney, a client, a communication made for the purpose of obtaining legal advice or assistance, and an anticipated confidentiality. With few exceptions, the attorney–client privilege serves as an absolute protection unless the litigant waives the privilege through disclosure of the confidential communications. Keywords: attorney; confidentiality; ethics; evidence; privilege
Introduction to the Monitoring, Control, and Protection Minitrack, Electric Energy Track

This minitrack focuses on topics related to the monitoring, control, and protection of electric power systems for real-time operations and short-term operations planning. The minitrack has two sessions.
Space-charge limited current for 1-D cylindrical diodes

By introducing a physics approximation method into analyzing the nonlinear Poisson's equation, an analytical expression for the space-charge-limited current density for a one-dimensional (1-D) cylindrical diode has been investigated and developed. This expression is different from Child-Langmuir law for the planar diode and is simpler than Langmuir-Blodgett law for the cylindrical diode. This expression builds an explicit connection between the current density and the physical parameters, which is helpful in optimizing the design of the cylindrical vacuum diode. In addition, a comparison between our analytical result and Langmuir-Blodgett law shows that the physics approximation method is valid in nonlinear differential equation analysis and can be used in other similar cases. Applying the approximation method, we get the relativistic theory corrected current for 1-D cylindrical diodes.
ICF reactor chambers with rotating liquid blankets

It is shown that a rotating reactor chamber with a liquid blanket can be designed with sufficient turbulence in the free surface to remove the heat generated by target explosions. Because viscosity, not thermal conductivity, limits heat removal, both lithium-lead and Flibe can be used. Although LiPb has a fairly high rotational stored energy, it translates into a moderate dynamic pressure and thermalized temperature rise. The stored energy in Flibe is quite low and poses no problem. A rough cost estimate shows that the primary reactor components are not very expensive. Flibe has the advantages of low activation and lower atomic number constituents than LiPb, increasing the allowable chamber pressure for heavy ion beam propagation. However, it is a poor heat transfer medium and must rely on higher levels of turbulence than LiPb to avoid overheating of the liquid surface. The LIFE (liner inertial fusion energy) reactor concept appears to be an improvement over the Cascade concept in that granule refurbishing is eliminated, the blanket is self-healing, and heat transfer to the power conversion system is by convection rather than radiation. One disadvantage is the lower operating temperature compared to the ceramic granules in Cascade. Nevertheless, power conversion efficiencies in the 45% range can be expected. >
Crack growth in single-crystal silicon

Crack growth in single-crystal silicon at room temperature in air was evaluated by double torsion (DT) load-relaxation method and monitored by acoustic emission (AE) technique.
10‐Undecynoic Acid

10-Undecynoic acid solvent: petroleum ether product: 10-undecynoic acid Keywords: addition, to CC; elimination, dehydrohalogenation; sodium amide, preparation of; ammonia; condenser, dry ice-acetone
A QSAR-based biodegradability model—A QSBR

A microbial biodegradability predictive model has been developed using groups and molecular indices as molecular descriptors. The model contains 12 variables. The model was calibrated and later validated with a data set developed from biodegradation studies of acclimated activated sludge metabolism. It also successfully predicted the biodegradation rate of several other substances with one exception within the limits established by a study of a second database. This latter study was designed to evaluate the expected scatter in acclimated biodegradation rate data. The nitro group, amines, halogens and heteroatoms severely decrease the rate as do structural complexity and electronic alterations created by most substituents. The carboxyl group markedly enhances the rate but the hydroxyl group has little effect. It appears that the hydroxyl group is significant in acclimation but not in degradation. A discussion of statistical methods and software is included in this work.
Fault resistance sensitivity of sparse measurement based transmission line fault location

Traditional transmission line fault location methods require measurements from at least one end of the faulted line. Measurements from all the ends of the faulted line are desirable but not always available. Sparse measurement based fault location scheme using phasor measurements from different substations located in the vicinity where the fault has occurred can be applied if the measurements are not available from any of the line ends. Fault resistance is one of the major sources of uncertainty in transmission line fault location estimation. This paper presents a correction scheme to reduce impact of fault resistance on sparse measurement method.
Association of Nuclear Pore FG-repeat Domains to NTF2 Import and Export Complexes

Transport into and out of the nucleus is regulated by the nuclear pore complex. Vital to this regulation are nuclear pore proteins with FG sequence repeats, which have been shown to be crucial for cell viability and which interact with nuclear transport receptors. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the binding of FG-repeat peptides to the surface of NTF2, the Ran importer. The simulations, covering over 254 ns, agree with previous X-ray, mutational, NMR, and computational data in identifying four binding spots. They also serve to provide an all-atom view of binding at each spot, whereas FG-repeat binding has been only directly observed at a single spot. Furthermore, the simulations identify two novel binding spots in addition to the four others. All six binding spots broadly form a stripe across the surface of NTF2. The resulting regularity and proximity of binding spots on the surface may be necessary for identification of the transport receptor by the FG-repeats in the nuclear pore complex and for the successful transit of NTF2 through the pore.
Self-organization of engineered epithelial tubules by differential cellular motility

Patterning of developing tissues arises from a number of mechanisms, including cell shape change, cell proliferation, and cell sorting from differential cohesion or tension. Here, we reveal that differences in cell motility can also lead to cell sorting within tissues. Using mosaic engineered mammary epithelial tubules, we found that cells sorted depending on their expression level of the membrane-anchored collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14. These rearrangements were independent of the catalytic activity of MMP14 but absolutely required the hemopexin domain. We describe a signaling cascade downstream of MMP14 through Rho kinase that allows cells to sort within the model tissues. Cell speed and persistence time were enhanced by MMP14 expression, but only the latter motility parameter was required for sorting. These results indicate that differential directional persistence can give rise to patterns within model developing tissues.
Volatile induction and maintenance (VIMA) versus total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for minor gynaecological procedures

Abstract We compared the techniques of volatile induction and maintenance (VIMA) and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in various aspects. Patients undergoing spontaneous respiration-general anaesthesia were randomised into two groups; Group P received iv fentanyl 1 μg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg for induction followed by propofol 10 mg/min as required. Group S received vital capacity induction with sevoflurane and were maintained on 66% N2O in O2 with sevoflurane 2%. Induction times, complications and recovery times were recorded. Visual analogue scores for pain and satisfaction were assessed. The two groups did not differ significantly in emergence times or VAS scores for pain and satisfaction but more complications like apnoea and injection pain were encountered during TIVA compared to VIMA. Our results suggest that both techniques are comparable in efficacy for providing anaesthesia in minor gynaecological surgery with swift induction, good recovery and minimal postoperative complications.
Erythropoietin attenuates loss of potassium chloride co-transporters following prenatal brain injury

Therapeutic agents that restore the inhibitory actions of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) by modulating intracellular chloride concentrations will provide novel avenues to treat stroke, chronic pain, epilepsy, autism, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. During development, upregulation of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, and the resultant switch from excitatory to inhibitory responses to GABA guide the formation of essential inhibitory circuits. Importantly, maturation of inhibitory mechanisms is also central to the development of excitatory circuits and proper balance between excitatory and inhibitory networks in the developing brain. Loss of KCC2 expression occurs in postmortem samples from human preterm infant brains with white matter lesions. Here we show that late gestation brain injury in a rat model of extreme prematurity impairs the developmental upregulation of potassium chloride co-transporters during a critical postnatal period of circuit maturation in CA3 hippocampus by inducing a sustained loss of oligomeric KCC2 via a calpain-dependent mechanism. Further, administration of erythropoietin (EPO) in a clinically relevant postnatal dosing regimen following the prenatal injury protects the developing brain by reducing calpain activity, restoring oligomeric KCC2 expression and attenuating KCC2 fragmentation, thus providing the first report of a safe therapy to address deficits in KCC2 expression. Together, these data indicate it is possible to reverse abnormalities in KCC2 expression during the postnatal period, and potentially reverse deficits in inhibitory circuit formation central to cognitive impairment and epileptogenesis.
Investigation of the effect of interleukin-1β on steroidogenesis in the human fetal adrenal gland

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been shown by several investigators to be a stimulator of adrenal glucocorticoid production in vivo. However, little evidence exists for direct actions of IL-1β on the adrenal gland. We sought to elucidate the direct effects, if any, of IL-1β on human fetal adrenal steroidogenesis in the presence and absence of ACTH in both cell and organ cultures. We studied the effects of several doses of recombinant human IL-1β (0.05, 0.5, and 5 U/ml), in the presence and absence of two doses of ACTH (0.1 and 1 μg/ml). With all doses of IL-1β, we were unable to demonstrate alterations in basal adrenal steroidogenesis as measured by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol production. Whereas both doses of ACTH induced significant increases in steroid production over control values (P
Assessing organically: turning an assignment into an assessment

Purpose – This paper aims to report on how a close collaboration between librarian and instructor made it possible for an existing course assignment to organically evolve into an information literacy assessment, overcoming some of the impediments educators confront in assessing student learning. In addition, the paper seeks to discuss how assessment with realistic scenarios requiring actual research helped to highlight deficiencies in skills and critical thinking, a method known as “authentic assessment”. Results from a pilot and the formal assessment are included.Design/methodology/approach – A six‐question pre‐ and post‐test “authentic assessment” was piloted with 60 students, then administered to 43 students. Other journalism instructors and librarians reviewed the questions for validity. A detailed scoring rubric was used, with the authors reviewing each other's work for reliability.Findings – Of students completing both tests, 80 percent showed an average improvement of 47 percent, and average scores...
Role enactment, employer type, and pursuit of APR

Abstract This study examines how PR practitioner role enactment and the type of employer where they work affect practitioner motivation to pursue Accreditation in Public Relations (APR). Analysis reveals that there is variance in the motivation to seek APR based on age, gender, years of practice in public relations, enacting a manager vs. technician role, and employer type. Practical implications for practitioners, scholars, and professional associations are discussed.
Lysozyme-enhanced killing of Candida albicans and Coccidioides immitis by amphotericin B

The concentration of amphotericin B required to inhibit the growth in chemically defined media of 3 strains of Candida albicans and the spherule and mycelial growth phases of Coccidioides immitis S...
Functional deficiencies of subsarcolemmal mitochondria in the type 2 diabetic human heart

The mitochondrion has been implicated in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Examination of cardiac mitochondria is complicated by the existence of spatially distinct subpopulations includi...
Examination of crystal defects with high-kV X-ray computed tomography

Abstract High resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) is shown to be a useful technique for characterizing the defect known as scatter in Nd-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO 4 ) single crystals. Scatter is identified by a dense cloud or rings of defects, which cause crystal inhomogeneity. Computed tomography indicated that the scattering sites were regions of low density. This result rules out micropieces of iridium and the segregation phases of V 2 O 5 and Y 2 O 3 as the main scattering centers. Transmission electron microscopy has shown, however, that inclusions are nonetheless present in regions of the crystal containing scatter. The major scattering defect in the crystal was determined to be microvoids which are approximately 10 μm in diameter.
Design of a tunable and focusing single crystal monochromator for powerful X-ray sources

Abstract A new design of a focusing monochromator is presented which overcomes both the drastic change in energy resolution when a cylindrically bent crystal is tuned to different energies and the thermal problems that arise with intense wiggler sources. A bi-triangular crystal is asymmetrically cut for the lowest desired energy and pressed to a curved cooling plate which corresponds to the focusing radius at the lowest energy. When tuning to a higher energy the most effective asymmetric cut is re-established by a rotation around the scattering vector. This rotation also changes the effective radius of bend and the position of the focal spot. The focal spots lie on approximately a straight line at a convenient angle to the secondary monochromatic beam.
Recent trends and future prospects for urban-rural migration in Europe.

Patterns in population movement in Europe are described. "This paper will review the findings of relevant studies...to determine the state of our knowledge regarding the magnitude of and differences in the urban-rural or metropolitan-non-metropolitan mobility of the population. In doing so the paper will touch upon the influences of demographic social economic and environmental variables." (EXCERPT)