cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Upstream Motility in Escherichia coli

We provide an experimental demonstration of positive rheotaxis (rapid and continuous upstream motility) in wild-type Escherichia coli freely swimming over a surface. This hydrodynamic phenomenon is dominant below a critical shear rate and robust against Brownian motion and cell tumbling. We deduce that individual bacteria entering a flow system can rapidly migrate upstream (>20 μm/s) much faster than a gradually advancing biofilm. Given a bacterial population with a distribution of sizes and swim speeds, local shear rate near the surface determines the dominant hydrodynamic mode for motility, i.e., circular or random trajectories for low shear rates, positive rheotaxis for moderate flow, and sideways swimming at higher shear rates. Faster swimmers can move upstream more rapidly and at higher shear rates, as expected. Interestingly, we also find on average that both swim speed and upstream motility are independent of cell aspect ratio.
“Happier than Non-Christians”: Collective Emotions and Symbolic Boundaries among Evangelical Christians

This article uses qualitative data (participant-observation and interviews) to examine happiness talk in a university-based evangelical Christian organization (University Unity). Unity Christians c...
Pre-release monitoring of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) invasions and the impacts of extant natural enemies in southern Michigan forests

Monitoring of populations of a target weed species prior to releasing natural enemies has the potential to improve the rigor and safety of biological control and to determine the invader’s impacts on native communities while creating a reference point for evaluating the efficacy of subsequent biocontrol agent releases. Eight populations of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb) Cavara and Grande (Brassicaceae), an invasive weed in southern Michigan, were monitored in anticipation of releases of classical biological control agents. The A. petiolata populations were shown to be expanding with 44.4% of initially uninvaded sampling quadrats becoming invaded after four years. While 88.2% of quadrats with A. petiolata showed evidence of foliar damage from pathogens and browsing by mammals, insects and other invertebrates, levels of damage were low and had little impact on rosette or seedling survival. Contrary to expectations, damage was positively correlated with A. petiolata fecundity (P = 0.0465). Given the continued expansion of A. petiolata and the lack of significant herbivore damage by acquired natural enemies, a biological control program should be considered against this invasive plant. If biological control agents are released, the results of this study will provide a benchmark for evaluating their performance.
EFFECT OF STIMULATION OF THE LYMPHOCYTES ON THE RATE OF GROWTH OF SPONTANEOUS TUMORS IN MICE.

Spontaneous cancers were removed from a series of mice by operation. The animals were then subjected to an exposure to dry heat at a temperature ranging from 55–63°C. for 5 minutes. Immediately afterwards a graft of the original tumor was returned. The mice so treated exhibited a marked increase in their resistance to the growth of the cancer graft, over 59 per cent remaining entirely free from a return of the cancer. In a control series in which no treatment was given 96 per cent of the animals showed a return of the cancer.
Fast face detection using subspace discriminant wavelet features

Computation complexity is an important issue for current face detection systems. This paper proposes a subspace approach to capture local discriminative features in the space-frequency domain for fast face detection. Based on orthonormal wavelet packet analysis, we develop a discriminant subspace algorithm to search for the "minimum cost" subspace of the high-dimensional signal space, which leads to a set of wavelet features with maximum class discrimination and dimensionality reduction. Detailed (high frequency) information within local facial areas shows noticeable discrimination ability for face detection problem. We demonstrate the algorithm in the context of detecting frontal view faces in a complex background. Discrete pattern distribution functions and fast likelihood ratio detection are adopted by the system. Because of the reduced dimensionality, feature discrimination and the discrete stochastic model, our face detection system consumes much less computation while the performance is comparable with other reported leading systems.
Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae)

Despite recent progress on the higher-level relationships of Cichlidae and its Indian, Malagasy, and Greater Antillean components, conflict and uncertainty remain within the species-rich African, South American, and Middle American assemblages. Herein, we combine morphological and nucleotide characters from the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, NADH dehydrogenase four, and cytochrome b genes and from the nuclear histone H3, recombination activating gene two, Tmo-4C4, Tmo-M27, and ribosomal S7 loci to analyse relationships within the Neotropical cichlid subfamily Cichlinae. The simultaneous analysis of 6309 characters for 90 terminals, including representatives of all major cichlid lineages and all Neotropical genera, resulted in the first well-supported and resolved generic-level phylogeny for Neotropical cichlids. The Neotropical subfamily Cichlinae was recovered as monophyletic and partitioned into seven tribes: Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Cichlasomatini, Cichlini, Geophagini, Heroini, and Retroculini. Chaetobranchini + Geophagini (including the “crenicichlines”) was resolved as the sister group of Heroini + Cichlasomatini (including Acaronia). The monogeneric Astronotini was recovered as the sister group of these four tribes. Finally, a clade composed of Cichlini + Retroculini was resolved as the sister group to all other cichlines. The analysis included the recently described †Proterocara argentina, the oldest known cichlid fossil (Eocene), which was placed in an apical position within Geophagini, further supporting a Gondwanan origin for Cichlidae. These phylogenetic results were used as the basis for generating a monophyletic cichline taxonomy. © The Willi Hennig Society 2008.
Xenopus nuclear factor 7 (xnf7) possesses an NLS that functions efficiently in both oocytes and embryos

Xenopus nuclear factor 7 (xnf7) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is encoded by a member of a novel zinc finger gene family and likely functions as a transcription factor. It possesses a nuclear localization signal (NLS) similar to the bipartite basic NLS of nucleoplasmin, but unlike nucleoplasmin, which re-enters nuclei immediately after fertilization, xnf7 remains cytoplasmic until the mid-blastula transition (MBT). We have measured the accumulation of injected labeled xnf7 protein or protein produced from synthetic xnf7 transcripts in the oocyte nuclei (GV). The data show that the NLS of xnf7 functions efficiently in oocytes. Mutations in either of the bipartite basic domains of the xnf7 NLS inhibit nuclear accumulation, while mutations in the spacer sequences have no effect. The xnf7 NLS linked to pyruvate kinase directs the efficient accumulation of this protein into nuclei of early embryos prior to the MBT. These data suggest that retention of the xnf7 protein during development is the result of a mechanism that interferes with the xnf7 NLS function.
Modeling adaptive routing in k-ary n-cube networks

Interest in parallel processing has steadily increased in recent years, and correspondingly, modeling techniques for communication systems have become increasingly important. In this paper we present a performance evaluation study of adaptive routing strategies in k-ary n-cube interconnection networks. Adaptive routing, as opposed to deterministic routing, exploits the presence of multiple paths in a network in order to reduce communication latency. Two minimal path adaptive strategies are evaluated using extensive simulation experiments. In addition, we derive an analytic model using Markov queueing for the case when n=2. We use these models to measure the communication speedup that can be achieved by adaptive routing, and to assess the impact of various network parameters on the performance of such systems. >
Effect of exercise training on interdialytic ambulatory and treatment-related blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Exercise training improves blood pressure (BP) in the general population, but prior studies in hemodialysis (HD) patients only used pill counts or treatment‐related BPs. We evaluated the effect of 3 to 6 months of intradialytic exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and treatment‐related pre‐ and postdialysis BP. Patients and Methods: Nineteen chronic HD patients trained with an exercise bicycle for 30 to 60 min in the first 1 to 2 hr of each of thrice weekly HD. Interdialytic 44‐hr ABP was performed a week before training began and repeated at 3 and 6 months. Pre‐ and post‐HD systolic and diastolic BP and pre‐ and post‐HD weight were recorded for 2 months prior to training, throughout the training, and, if available, for the 2 months after training ended. BP medications were recorded throughout. Body composition by bioimpedance, and norepinephrine and epinephrine levels by RIA were done at 0, 3, and 6 months. Results: Thirteen subjects who completed at least 3 months of training...
Scanning oscillator arrays for low cost transceivers

Unilateral and bilateral injection-locked oscillator arrays show promise for cost-effective implementation of intelligent scanning antenna systems, especially for emerging millimeter-wave applications. This paper reviews some of these techniques and some remaining technical challenges for practical implementation of the concepts.
Cost implications of different surgical management strategies for primary hyperparathyroidism

Abstract Background: Controversy exists about optimal management of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. To date, no studies have explored the cost implications of variation in practice. Methods: Results from a national survey of endocrine surgeons were combined with results from a survey of endocrinologists and financial data from Medicare. Patterns of use of resources were identified, annual costs for the surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in the United States were calculated, and the financial impact of variation in practice was estimated. Results: Survey respondents (n = 109) were experienced endocrine surgeons, performing an average of 33 parathyroidectomies annually. Seventy-five percent of patients undergo localization before initial exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. In order of preference, these studies were sestamibi (43%), ultrasonography (28%), and sestamibi with single-photon emission computed tomography (26%). Although there is variation in preoperative and postoperative practice, in-hospital costs have the greatest influence on total cost. An estimated $282 million is spent annually in the United States on operations for primary hyperparathyroidism. National health expenditures could range by more than $70 million, depending on whether management strategies involving low or high use of resources are employed. Conclusions: Substantial variation among endocrine surgeons in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism has important cost implications. Implementation of evidence-based guidelines to optimize clinical and economic performance should be considered. (Surgery 1998;124:1028-36.)
Encouraging Epistemological Exploration: Impacts on Undergraduates' Retention and Application of Course Material

Students bring an intact, if unarticulated, epistemological perspective into the classroom that influences how they receive and process new information. In this study, students who explored a wider range of perspectives had significantly improved learning outcomes as measured in 3 domains: retention of specific content, retention of general themes, and application of the course content to other courses, mass media information, and their sense of self.
Enhanced single photon emission by diamond-plasmon nanostructures

We demonstrate plasmon-enhanced single photon emission by NV centers in diamond nanoposts embedded in silver. The resulting hybrid structures exhibit six-fold enhancements in spontaneous emission with increased single photon counts.
Original technique of the mural América Tropical by David Alfaro Siqueiros

While living in Los Angeles in political exile in 1932, Mexican artist David Alfaro Siqueiros painted Amirica Tropical. The mural, 24 meters long and five meters high, is painted on the exterior south-facing wall of the Italian Hall building on Olvera Street, part of the historic monument of El Pueblo de Los Angeles. For this mural, Siqueiros used an experimentalfresco technique in which he painted on fresh cement using an airbrush. Shortly after its execution, the mural was covered with white paint because of its controversial political message. The mural’s exposure to harsh environmental conditions, under direct sunlight and heat as well as the painting technique used, resulted in its deterioration. Since the late 1980s, the Getty Conservation Institute has been involved in a project to conserve the only surviving public mural by Siqueiros in the United States. In order to develop an appropriate conservation treatment it was necessary to understand the causes of its deterioration through the study of the original materials and the painting technique used, and the history of the mural. In this article, historical information and scientific evidences are combined to discuss Siqueiros’ innovative technique -fresco on cement - and the mural’s deterioration. Contemporary and historical sources provide information on the materials and the technique used in this mural; but give also contradictory evidences regarding the type of paint used. Scientific investigation was carried out on samples of the mural to identify the materials used to paint America Tropical. The pigments were identified using polarized light microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis. The identification of the binder was carried out using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, organic elemental analysis and gas chromatography. Scientific investigation, in particular infrared analysis, seems to suggest that cellulose nitrate was the principal component of the binder. The deterioration of the mural is discussed in the light of these results.
Differentiating pacemaker-mediated tachycardia from tachycardia due to atrial tracking: Utility of V-A-A-V versus V-A-V response after postventricular atrial refractory period extension

Background Dual-chamber pacemaker systems can lead to two forms of pacemaker-facilitated tachycardia: pacemaker-mediated tachycardia (PMT) and tracking of sinus or atrial tachycardia. Current pacemaker algorithms cannot always differentiate between these two tachycardias. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel algorithm for distinguishing the two mechanisms of pacemaker-facilitated tachycardia, which is based on the specific termination response to postventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP) extension. Methods We prospectively tested our algorithm using the Medtronic Virtual Interactive patient (VIP) II simulator (version 1.53) and a Medtronic Adapta ADDR01 dual-chamber pacemaker. Results Thirty-five scenarios that triggered "PMT detection" by the device were evaluated. All 12 scenarios of atrial tachycardias with intact AV conduction terminated with a Vp-Ar-Vs (V-A-V) response as a result of PVARP extension. Of the 11 scenarios of atrial tachycardia with complete heart block, all terminated with a Vp-Ar-As-Vp response. All four episodes of PMT with intact AV conduction terminated with a Vp-Ar-As-Vs (V-A-A-Vs) response. Of the eight episodes of PMT with complete heart block, all terminated with a Vp-Ar-As-Vp response. Conclusion In the presence of intact AV conduction, the V-A-V response to PVARP extension is specific to atrial (or sinus) tachycardia, whereas the V-A-A-Vs response is specific to PMT. Recognizing the difference between the two forms of pacemaker-facilitated tachycardias has important implications for pacemaker programming.
The Effects of Space Charge in a Hypersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generator

*This paper will explore a new MHD generator design that uses space charge to create an axial-symmetric electric field in the region between concentrically cylindrical channels. The space charge fraction is shown to have a significant effect in the current density, power density, electric field, output voltage, efficiency, pressure drop, enthalpy, and electromagnetic Reynolds number of the generator. The radial symmetry produces simple analytic solutions for these equations over a wide range of gas flow speeds. Adjustments in the space charge can be used to regulate the output voltage of the generator for a constant magnetic field. This technique can eliminate the need for a massive full output power conditioner. Space charging current (electron beams or corona ionization) is calculated. Also the space charging energy is used to plot the system weight benefit of using space charge voltage regulation versus voltage regulation using full output power conditioning. Plots of the generator output voltage, electric field, efficiency, and electromagnetic Reynolds number are also presented.
Behaviour of low frequency spectra during arcing fault and switching events

Distribution feeder faults modulate primary current and generate noise through arcing phenomena. The variation and behaviors selected low frequencies during fault conditions are presented. These are contrasted with normal events such as feeder-switching and capacitor-bank operations. Recorded field data have been analyzed, and the statistical results are presented. Specific behavior characteristics such as arc duration, arc repetition rate, and magnitude of low-frequency spectra are presented. Comparisons are made for different soil types and conditions. >
Oral Targeted Therapies and Central Nervous System (CNS) Metastases

The purpose of our review is to summarize the clinical activity of oral targeted agents against brain metastases. This includes BRAF inhibitors (dabrafenib and vemurafenib), human epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib), multi-kinase angiogenesis inhibitors (sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and vandetanib), and ALK/c-MET (crizotinib) and ALK/IGF-1 (ceritinib) inhibitors. Effective systemic therapies are needed for long-term benefit in brain metastases and documentation of intracranial activity for many therapies is poor. Our review provides a summary of the literature with pertinent data for clinicians. This is needed as subjects with brain metastases are often prevented from enrolling in clinical trials and investigations focused on systemic therapies for brain metastases are rare.
The pigmentary system of developing axolotls. IV. An analysis of the axanthic phenotype.

The albino mutant in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is analysed with respect to the differentiation of pigment cells. Pigment cells were observed with the transmission electron microscope in order to determine any unusual structural characteristics and to determine what happens to each of the cell types as development proceeds. Chemical analyses of pteridine pigments were also carried out, and the pattern of pteridines in albino animals was found to be more complex than, and quantitatively enhanced (at all developmental stages examined) over, the pattern observed in comparable wild-type axolotls. The golden colour of albino axolotls is due primarily to sepiapterin (a yellow pteridine) and secondarily to riboflavin (and other flavins). Coincident with enhanced levels of yellow pigments, xanthophore pigment organelles (pterinosomes) in albino skin reach a mature state earlier than they do in wild-type axolotl skin. This morphology is conserved throughout development in albino animals whereas it is gradually lost in the wild type. Unpigmented melanophores from albino axolotls are illustrated for the first time, and in larval albino axolotls the morphology of these cells is shown to be very similar to xanthophore morphology. In older animals xanthophores are easily distinguished from unpigmented melanophores. Iridophores seem to appear in albino skin at an earlier stage than they have been observed in wild-type skin. Morphologically, wild-type and albino iridophores are identical.
Dynamical formation and scattering of hierarchical triples: cross-sections, Kozai-Lidov oscillations, and collisions

Dynamical scattering of binaries and triple systems of stars, planets, and compact objects may produce highly inclined triple systems subject to Kozai-Lidov (KL) oscillations, potentially leading to collisions, mergers, Type Ia supernovae, and other phenomena. We present the results of more than 400 million gravitational scattering experiments of binary-binary, triple-single, and triple-binary scattering. We compute the cross sections for all possible outcomes and explore their dependencies on incoming velocity, mass, semi-major axis, and eccentricity, including analytic fits and discussion of the velocity dependence. For the production of new triple systems by scattering we find that compact triples are preferred, with ratios of outer to inner semi-major axes of ~few--100, flat or quasi-thermal eccentricity distributions, and flat distributions in cosine of the mutual inclination. Dynamically formed triples are thus subject to strong KL oscillations, the "eccentric Kozai mechanism," and non-secular effects. For single and binary flyby encounters with triple systems, we compute the cumulative cross section for changes to the mutual inclination, eccentricity, and semi-major axis ratio. We apply these results to scattering events in the field, open clusters, and globular clusters, and explore the implications for Type Ia supernovae via collisions and mergers, stellar collisions, and the lifetime and dynamical isolation of triple systems undergoing KL oscillations. An Appendix provides an analysis of the velocity dependence of the collision cross section in binary-single scattering.
Model waveform accuracy requirements for the Allen χ 2 discriminator

This paper derives accuracy standards for model gravitational waveforms required to ensure proper use of the Allen χ^2 discriminator in gravitational wave data analysis. These standards are different from previously established requirements for detection and waveform parameter measurement based on signal-to-noise optimization. We present convenient formulas for evaluating and interpreting the contribution of model errors to measured values of this χ^2 statistic. The new accuracy standards derived here are needed to ensure the reliability of measured values of the Allen χ^2 statistic, both in their traditional role as vetoes and in their current role as elements in evaluating the significance of candidate detections.
Abstract 2441: CHI3L1 in allergic pulmonary inflammation promotes breast cancer metastasis by upregulation of MMP-9

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Disseminated metastasis is one of the main causes of malignancy related deaths in breast cancer patients. Murine mammary tumors cells metastasize to the lung 5 weeks post tumor-implantation. However, in the presence of asthma, metastasis is seen at an earlier time point. In this study, we investigated the molecule(s) contributing to early metastasis. One of the common molecules among asthma and breast cancer is a glycoprotein known as chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1) which induces TH2 proinflammatory cytokines and matrix degrading enzymes. The expression of CHI3L1 is elevated in the lungs and serum of asthmatic patients and correlates with disease severity. Interestingly, this glycoprotein is also elevated in plasma of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Using murine mammary cancer models, we show the link between increased metastasis and asthma. The pathways that tumor cells use for metastasis have significant similarities with the mechanisms mediating allergen-induced leukocyte recruitment. Thus, leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation and tumor cell metastasis involves extracellular matrix degradation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is one such enzyme that can degrade all aspects of the extracellular matrix. Our previous studies have shown increased levels of MMP-9 in mammary tumor-bearing mice. MMP-9 has been reported to be upregulated in the presence of CHI3L1. In this report, we show that the levels of CHI3L1 are higher in asthmatic tumor bearers compared to either tumor controls or asthma controls. We hypothesize that the elevated CHI3L1 expression causes increased MMP-9 production leading to higher metastasis. To answer this hypothesis, a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation and two types of well-established metastatic mammary tumor models were used. Analysis of serum, bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL), lung and spleen by RT-PCR and ELISA revealed higher expression of CHI3L1 in asthmatic tumor bearers. In summary, these studies implicate a relationship between allergic pulmonary inflammation and increased breast cancer metastasis to the lung. As CHI3L1 is involved in both of these diseases, this molecule may be a novel target for suppressing/preventing metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2441. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2441
A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ACETOACETATE.

The use of sodium nitroprussidc in a qualitative color reaction with acetoacetic acid has a history dating back to 1884, when Legal reported the development of a red color in the presence of acetoacetic acid and alkali. This color was intensified from red to purple by acidification with acetic acid soon after the alkali was added. In 1908, Rothera used neutral ammonium salts to heighten the intensity of the color reaction. He also used ammonium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide as the alkali. Friedemann and associates made a comprehensive review of studies of the nitroprussidc reaction. Free and colleagues described the use of the Acetest tablet, which is composed of sodium nitroprussidc, aminoacetic acid, dibasic sodium phosphate as the alkali, and lactose as a binder. The aminoacetic acid serves to intensify and stabilize the color produced. Madonia described the use of aminoacetic acid as a stabilizer and intensifier in a quantitative colorimetric analysis for acetoacetic acid in the blood, but he did not establish the optimal conditions for the reaction. Following is a description of an improved form of the method described by Madonia. With the modifications described it has been found in this laboratory to be satisfactory for the routine estimation of acetoacefate in urine.
128 PLATELET FUNCTION ANALYZER-100 AS A PREDICTOR OF BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS AFTER RENAL BIOPSY.

Background Many patients with advanced chronic kidney disease have a predisposition to bleed, especially when they undergo an invasive procedure such as renal biopsy. The predominant factor is abnormal platelet function. The Platelet Function Analyzer-100 (PFA-100) test assesses platelet function in normal subjects but has not been tested with any significance in patients with chronic kidney disease. Objective To investigate the utility of the PFA-100 test as a predictor of an increased risk for complications after a renal biopsy. Design This is a prospective, blinded study of patients having a renal biopsy. Standard data obtained before the biopsy included age, sex, weight, Chem 8, CBC, proteinuria, and PT/PTT. PFA-100 was drawn prior to the biopsy; however, results were not availble until after the patient was discharged. Renal biopsies were performed under real-time ultrasound guidance using a 16-gauge, spring-loaded biopsy needle. Frequent post-biopsy vital signs were monitored. A post-biopsy CBC was drawn at approximately 4 and 16 hours. On post-biopsy day #1, a brief renal ultrasound was performed to evaluate for hematoma formation. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13 for ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Results Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Clinical complications included gross hematuria in 3 patients, transfusion requirement in 2, post-biopsy hematoma in 7, surgical intervention in 0, > 3 point drop in 4-hour post-biopsy Hct in 8, and > 15 point drop in 4-hour post biopsy systolic blood pressure in 8. Abnormal PFA-100 test did not significantly predict any of the clinical complications above. In subset analysis of native and transplant kidney biopsies, an abnormal PFA-100 test did not predict transfusion requirement in transplant kidneys but did predict transfusion requirement in native kidneys (p = .004). Conclusion In this study, the PFA-100 test was not predictive of bleeding complications after renal biopsy. Subset analysis reveals that the PFA-100 test may be beneficial in predicting bleeding complications in native kidney biopsies but not transplant kidney biopsies; however, a larger number of biopsies would be required before any conclusions can be drawn.
Flexible circuits with integrated switches for robotic shape sensing

Digital switches are commonly used for detecting surface contact and limb-position limits in robotics. The typical momentary-contact digital switch is a mechanical device made from metal springs, designed to connect with a rigid printed circuit board (PCB). However, flexible printed circuits are taking over from the rigid PCB in robotics because the circuits can bend while carrying signals and power through moving joints. This project is motivated by a previous work where an array of surface-mount momentary contact switches on a flexible circuit acted as an all-digital shape sensor compatible with the power resources of energy harvesting systems. Without a rigid segment, the smallest commercially-available surface-mount switches would detach from the flexible circuit after several bending cycles, sometimes violently. This report describes a low-cost, conductive fiber based method to integrate electromechanical switches into flexible circuits and other soft, bendable materials. Because the switches are digital (on/off), they differ from commercially-available continuous-valued bend/flex sensors. No amplification or analog-to-digital conversion is needed to read the signal, but the tradeoff is that the digital switches only give a threshold curvature value. Boundary conditions on the edges of the flexible circuit are key to setting the threshold curvature value for switching. This presentation will discuss threshold-setting, size scaling of the design, automation for inserting a digital switch into the flexible circuit fabrication process, and methods for reconstructing a shape from an array of digital switch states.
The effect of acute hyperventilation on the blood ammonia concenration of patients with liver disease. The relative role of the kidney, liver, and extremity.

Abstract Voluntary hyperventilation in 20 patients with, liver disease resulted in a significant elevation of arterial ammonia concentration which was evident at 10 and 20 minutes and persisted during a 20 minute posthyperventilation period. The origin of this increased increment of blood ammonia could not be attributed to a greater release of ammonia into the renal vein, nor to a lessened uptake of ammonia by the liver or lower extremity. Each organ maintained its primary role as an ammonia donor (e.g., kidney) or ammonia receiver (e.g., liver and peripheral muscle) throughout the entire period of observation. The possible sources of ammonia during acute hyperventilation are discussed.
Comparison of food safety regulation in different countries

食品安全法规及其对国际贸易的影响不只是近代才有的事情.早在19世纪50年代,许多欧洲国家就开始执行"纯净"(purity)食品的法律,如英国1872年的 (British Food and Drug Act),当时主要是为了防止食品蓄意造假和掺假。
A 3×3 wear debris sensor array for real time lubricant oil conditioning monitoring using synchronized sampling

Abstract A high throughput wear debris sensor consisting of 3×3 sensing channels is presented for real time online lubricant oil conditioning monitoring. Time division multiplexing was applied to the sensing channels for measuring responses of multiple channels using one set of measurement electronics. Crosstalk among the 3×3 sensing channels was eliminated by diodes that are connected in series with each channel. Parallel L-C-R resonance was also applied to each sensing coil to increase the sensitivity. Furthermore, a unique synchronized sampling method was used to reduce the date size 50 times. Finally, we demonstrated that the sensor is capable of real time detection of wear debris as small as 50 µm in SAE 0W-5 at a flow rate of 460 ml/min; the measured debris concentration is in good agreement with the estimated actual concentration. The design can be extended to a N×N sensor array for an extremely high throughput without sacrificing the sensitivity, and can potentially be used for real time wear debris monitoring for health condition of rotating or reciprocating machineries.
Protein-protein interactions suggest novel activities of human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pUL103

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that causes severe disease in newborns and immunocompromised patients. During infection, the host cell endosecretory system is remodeled to form the cytoplasmic virion assembly complex (cVAC). We and others previously identified the conserved, multifunctional HCMV virion tegument protein pUL103 as important for cVAC biogenesis and efficient secondary envelopment. To help define its mechanisms of action and predict additional functions, we used two complementary methods, coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and proximity biotinylation (BioID), to identify viral and cellular proteins that interact with pUL103. By using the two methods in parallel and applying stringent selection criteria, we identified potentially high-value interactions of pUL103 with 13 HCMV and 18 cellular proteins. Detection of the previously identified pUL103-pUL71 interaction, as well as verification of several interactions by reverse co-IP, supports the specificity of our screening process. As might be expected for a tegument protein, interactions were identified that suggest distinct roles for pUL103 across the arc of lytic infection, including interactions with proteins involved in cellular antiviral responses, nuclear activities, and biogenesis and transport of cytoplasmic vesicles. Further analysis of some of these interactions expands our understanding of the multifunctional repertoire of pUL103: we detected HCMV pUL103 in nuclei of infected cells and identified an ALIX-binding domain within the pUL103 sequence. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is able to reconfigure the host cell machinery to establish a virion production factory, the cytoplasmic virion assembly complex (cVAC). cVAC biogenesis and operation represent targets for development of novel HCMV antivirals. We previously showed that the HCMV tegument protein pUL103 is required for cVAC biogenesis. Using pUL103 as bait, we investigated viral and cellular protein-protein interactions to identify and understand the range of pUL103 functions. We found that pUL103 interacts with cellular antiviral defense systems and proteins involved in organelle biogenesis and transport of cytoplasmic vesicles and is present in infected cell nuclei. These results expand our understanding of the functional repertoire of pUL103 to include activities that extend from the earliest stages of infection through virion assembly and egress.
Is the Integration of Yoga with Psychotherapy Compatible? What are the Risks?

In view of recently increasing burden of mental health problems in the US, on the top of the corresponding workforce shortage, it is understandable that mind-body modality like yoga is drawing attention of practitioners and scholars as a potential supplement and complement to psychotherapy. Yoga originated in ancient India primarily as an art or craft to modulate mental activities. Therefore, it has the potential to offer promise in helping diverse mental health problems. However, using yoga for this purpose entails many challenges, risks, and consequences that must be borne in mind before any decisive reforms are implemented in the field of psychotherapy and or yoga. In general, the field of yoga is flooded with hype and frivolity, where enthusiasm and advocacy far outweighs understanding and evidence. This article critically examines various pros and cons of integrating yoga with psychotherapy. It argues that while yoga practices might have value in mental health, yoga is not easy to integrate with psychotherapy for many reasons. For example yoga is a spiritual experiential practice, which is outside of psychotherapy domain, or the fundamental philosophical underpinning of yoga is starkly antithetic to that of western psychotherapy. It is posited that a hasty not well thought out integration, given that the challenges of integration are more daunting than the justifications, may lead to disappointment and harm than help. It is suggested that a cautious approach is required to address this issue.
Pricing in Publicly-Controlled Industries: U.S.A.

Publicly-controlled industries could be defined as all those in which price, outputs, or profits are significantly altered by government policy. Government policies range from subsidy through prohibition. Control is a variant of the power to tax, if taxes can take any negative or positive values, and if two or more taxes can be applied to the same industry at the same time. This definition is useful but perhaps fatally broad. There is also the difficulty that even elegant controls may have no significant effect, or be neatly offset by still other controls. Yet it is clear that effects are what count; and, though it is difficult, the end result should be to establish what they are.
(Biphenyl-2,2′-di­yl)[1,3-bis­(di­phenyl­phosphan­yl)propane-κ2P,P′]platinum(II)

The C2P2 donor set in the title compound, [Pt(C12H8)(C27H26P2)], defines a distorted planar coordination environment about the PtII atom with small deviations from planarity. The bidentate nature of the biphenyl dianionic ligand results in a C—Pt—C bond angle of 79.94 (16)° and a P—Pt—P bond angle of 93.40 (4)°. The average Pt—C bond length is 2.083 (3) A [range 2.081 (4)–2.085 (4) A]; the average Pt—P bond length is 2.308 (8) A [range 2.3030 (11)–2.3136 (11) A].
Job design research and theory: Past, present and future

Abstract This article reviews the research and theory that have focused on the design of jobs in organizations. We begin by summarizing some of the earliest work on this topic and then move to a discussion of several approaches to job design that attempted to address the shortcomings of this work. Next, we discuss several streams of contemporary research that have expanded the scope or deepened our understanding of job design. We conclude with a discussion of some future directions for research with an emphasis on job crafting, the effects of new work arrangements on the design of jobs, generational differences and reactions to job design, cultural differences and job design, and the impact of job design on organizational structures and employees’ personal characteristics.
Telling Our Tales: Becoming Art Educators

This year-long study shares a collaborative narrative inquiry project performed by four graduate students and one faculty member to understand the factors that influenced our paths to art education. We collected data by writing, analyzing, and then reflecting on stories of our experiences. Through careful analysis we identified five different hubs of experience that significantly affected our paths to the field: early experiences and family, school art experiences, mentors, identity, and young adult experiences. By thinking through our experiences, analyzing our narratives, and identifying the hubs, we came to a greater understanding of the influences on our paths to art education. These understandings inform our teaching practices enabling us to support students in meaningful ways.
Development of a mathematical model to estimate intra-tumor oxygen concentrations through multi-parametric imaging

Tumor hypoxia is involved in every stage of solid tumor development: formation, progression, metastasis, and apoptosis. Two types of hypoxia exist in tumors—chronic hypoxia and acute hypoxia. Recent studies indicate that the regional hypoxia kinetics is closely linked to metastasis and therapeutic responses, but regional hypoxia kinetics is hard to measure. We propose a novel approach to determine the local pO2 by fusing the parameters obtained from in vivo functional imaging through the use of a modified multivariate Krogh model. To test our idea and its potential to translate into an in vivo setting through the use of existing imaging techniques, simulation studies were performed comparing the local partial oxygen pressure (pO2) from the proposed multivariate image fusion model to the referenced pO2 derived by Green’s function, which considers the contribution from every vessel segment of an entire three-dimensional tumor vasculature to profile tumor oxygen with high spatial resolution. pO2 derived from our fusion approach were close to the referenced pO2 with regression slope near 1.0 and an r2 higher than 0.8 if the voxel size (or the spatial resolution set by functional imaging modality) was less than 200 μm. The simulation also showed that the metabolic rate, blood perfusion, and hemoglobin concentration were dominant factors in tissue oxygenation. The impact of the measurement error of functional imaging to the pO2 precision and accuracy was simulated. A Gaussian error function with FWHM equal to 20 % of blood perfusion or fractional vascular volume measurement contributed to average 7 % statistical error in pO2. The simulation results indicate that the fusion of multiple parametric maps through the biophysically derived mathematical models can monitor the intra-tumor spatial variations of hypoxia in tumors with existing imaging methods, and the potential to further investigate different forms of hypoxia, such as chronic and acute hypoxia, in response to cancer therapies.
Dominating the Negative: How DNMT3A Mutations Contribute to AML Pathogenesis.

Somatic mutations in DNMT3A are one of the most prevalent genetic abnormalities found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. A new study by Guryanova et al. sheds mechanistic insight into how the most common DNMT3A variant protein contributes to AML using a combination of mouse genetics and primary patient samples.
The dependence of the ocean’s MOC on mesoscale eddy diffusivities: A model study

The dependence of the depth and strength of the ocean's global meridional overturning cells (MOC) on the specification of mesoscale eddy diffusivity (K) is explored in two ocean models. The GISS and MIT ocean models are driven by the same prescribed forcing fields, configured in similar ways, spun up to equilibrium for a range of K 's and the resulting MOCs mapped and documented. Scaling laws implicit in modern theories of the MOC are used to rationalize the results. In all calculations the K used in the computation of eddy-induced circulation and that used in the representation of eddy stirring along neutral surfaces, is set to the same value but is changed across experiments. We are able to connect changes in the strength and depth of the Atlantic MOC, the southern ocean upwelling MOC, and the deep cell emanating from Antarctica, to changes in K.
Irreducible components of varieties of representations: the acyclic case

The goals of this article are as follows: (1) To determine the irreducible components of the affine varieties $${\mathbf {Rep}}_{\mathbf {d}}(\Lambda )$$ parametrizing the representations with dimension vector $$\mathbf {d}$$ , where $${\Lambda }$$ traces a major class of finite dimensional algebras; (2) To generically describe the representations encoded by the components. The target class consists of those truncated path algebras $${\Lambda }$$ over an algebraically closed field K which are based on a quiver Q without oriented cycles. The main result characterizes the irreducible components of $${\mathbf {Rep}}_{\mathbf {d}}(\Lambda )$$ in representation-theoretic terms and provides a means of listing them from quiver and Loewy length of $${\Lambda }$$ . Combined with existing theory, this classification moreover yields an array of generic features of the modules parametrized by the components, such as generic minimal projective presentations, generic sub- and quotient modules, etc. Our second principal result pins down the generic socle series of the modules in the components; it does so for more general $${\Lambda }$$ , in fact. The information on truncated path algebras of acyclic quivers supplements the theory available in the special case where $${\Lambda }= KQ$$ , filling in generic data on the $$\mathbf {d}$$ -dimensional representations of Q with any fixed Loewy length.
Helicobacter pylori-associated exaggerated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients: The effect of bombesin infusion and urea ingestion

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release in patients with duodenal ulcer abates after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Bombesin-stimulated gastrin release was compared in 11 H. pylori -infected patients with chronic duodenal ulcer and 8 uninfected healthy volunteers both before and after therapy to eradicate H. pylori . Bombesin infusion significantly increased the gastrin release both in control subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer. Antimicrobial therapy (bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole) to eradicate the H. pylori infection was associated with a significant reduction in bombesin-stimulated gastrin release in patients with duodenal ulcer (from 116.9 ± 19 pg/mL to 69.5 ± 7 pg/mL following 50 pmol · kg −1 · h −1 bombesin; and from 158 ± 29 to 83.4 ± 10 following 200 pmol · kg −1 · h −1 bombesin: P = 0.01 for each). Antimicrobial therapy had no effect on gastrin release in uninfected volunteers, thus excluding a nonspecific effect of antimicrobial therapy on antral G-cell function. Serum gastrin was also not increased by feeding 500 mg of urea to 5 H. pylori -infected volunteers. This suggests that access of hydrogen ion to the pH-sensitive sites governing gastrin release by mucosal ammonia produced by H. pylori urease is not a critical factor. These data suggest that exaggerated gastrin release present in patients with duodenal ulcer disease is secondary to H. pylori infection.
“Bubble wrapping vs. helping him learn his way”: gender and definitions of parenting through the case of infertility

ABSTRACTResearchers deem gender a fundamental organizing principle of parenting. Men and women not only have distinct roles of fathers and mothers, but also perform those roles according to norms of masculinity and femininity. Recently, however, such distinctions are converging. Fathers are no longer the distant male breadwinner of the past; they are now aligned with stereotypically feminine traits of caring, gentleness, and involvement in the “new, nurturant” fatherhood. While cultural images abound, there is little understanding of how individuals themselves make sense of parenting. I explore such understanding using the case of infertility. To do so, I compare men’s definitions of fatherhood to women’s conceptions of motherhood, revealing the significance of gender to their meaning-making. Indeed, even with shifting social ideologies, important gender differences in parenting remain. Through interviews with white, high-income individuals in the US who are struggling with their reproduction (n = 43), I ...