cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separation of Hydrodynamic, Entropy, and Combustion Noise in a Gas Turbine Combustor

This paper deals with noise sources which are centra! to the problem of core engine noise in turbopropulsion systems. The sources dealt with are entropy noise and direct combustion noise, as well as a nonpropagating psuedosound which is hydrodynaniic noise. It is shown analytically and experimentally that a transition can occur from a combustion noise-dominant situation to an entropy noise-dominant case if the contraction of a terminating nozzle to the combustor is high enough. In the conibustor tested, entropy noise is the dominant source for propagationai noise if the combustor is choked at the exit. It is also speculated that there might be another unexplored noise source interior of the combustor. Analysis techniques include spectral, cross spectral, correlation, and ordinary and partial coherence analysis. Measurements include exterior and interior fluctuating and mean pressures and temperatures. T has been known for some time that there are at least two probable causes for core noise—entropy or indirect noise and direct combustion noise.! Direct combustion noise is caused by a fluid dilatation caused by a fluctuating heat release. Entropy noise is caused by hot (or cold) spots passing through the pressure gradients of. the turbine assembly. Both noise sources have the same fundamental cause—heat release fluctuations—but they are formed in a different manner. Entropy noise depends upon the heat release history following a fluid element through the combustor, whereas combustion noise depends on the instantaneous aggregate heat release rate fluctuation. The purpose of this program was to isolate the two suspected causes of core noise and determine their relative importance to the core noise problem. It is clear that core noise presents a noise floor in current turbopropulsion systems, but there is controversy concerning the strength of core noise relative to other sources.2'4 It is sufficient to remark here that core noise exists and is measurable. Entropy and combustion noise are not the only possibilities for core noise. Another possibility is vorticity- nozzle interaction nose,5 which is essentially a resistance of a nozzle to pass an axial velocity fluctuation. While sources other than entropy and combustion noise are not directly investigated here, the analysis techniques do reveal whether or not entropy and combustion noise are dominant over other sources. The analysis techniques presented essentially try to relate processes taking place inside a combustor to the noise radiated to the surroundings. One troublesome problem encountered in a prior program6 was the contamination of interior pressure fluctuation measurements by non- propagating psuedosound (hydrodynamic noise). Another purpose of this paper was to eliminate this contaminant as much as possible in order to concentrate on propagationai sound and its causes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Isolated from Human Breast Milk.

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of Johne9s disease in ruminants and has also been associated with human Crohn9s disease. We report the complete genome sequence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from the breast milk of a Crohn9s disease patient. This sequence has high identity with characterized strains recovered from cattle.
Requirement of dimerization for RNA editing activity of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA.

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) convert adenosine residues into inosines in double-stranded RNA. Three vertebrate ADAR gene family members, ADAR1,ADAR2, and ADAR3, have been identified. The catalytic domain of all three ADAR gene family members is very similar to that of Escherichia coli cytidine deaminase and APOBEC-1. Homodimerization is essential for the enzyme activity of those cytidine deaminases. In this study, we investigated the formation of complexes between differentially epitope-tagged ADAR monomers by sequential affinity chromatography and size exclusion column chromatography. Both ADAR1 and ADAR2 form a stable enzymatically active homodimer complex, whereas ADAR3 remains as a monomeric, enzymatically inactive form. No heterodimer complex formation among different ADAR gene family members was detected. Analysis of HeLa and mouse brain nuclear extracts suggested that endogenous ADAR1 and ADAR2 both form a homodimer complex. Interestingly, endogenous ADAR3 also appears to form a homodimer complex, indicating the presence of a brain-specific mechanism for ADAR3 dimerization. Homodimer formation may be necessary for ADAR to act as active deaminases. Analysis of dimer complexes consisting of one wild-type and one mutant monomer suggests functional interactions between the two subunits during site-selective RNA editing.
Epidermal growth factor stimulates substrate-selective protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity.

Abstract This study investigates the regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (PTPase; EC 3.1.3.48) activity by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cytosol from EGF-treated A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells was used as a source of PTPase activity, and tyrosine-phosphorylated ErbB2, EGF receptor, phospholipase C-gamma 1, and the Ras GTPase-activating protein were used as substrates to monitor PTPase activity. EGF stimulated PTPase activity that was selective toward these substrates, as it dephosphorylated ErbB2 and the EGF receptor, but not phospholipase C-gamma 1 and the Ras GTPase-activating protein. EGF stimulated PTPase activity in several cell lines, regardless of EGF receptor number, and the activity was localized in the cytosol. The dephosphorylation activity in vitro was dependent on the presence of reducing agents and was inhibited by orthovanadate. Agonists such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, isoproterenol, or ATP were unable to stimulate PTPase activity. Physiological relevance is indicated by experiments showing that EGF treatment of a human mammary cancer cell line rapidly induced the dephosphorylation of ErbB2.
Gossner Missionaries in America

When the great German immigration to America began, flooding across Pennsylvania, down the Ohio River, up into Ohio and Indiana, and out into the states west and north, it was impossible for the small American Lutheran Church to supply sufficient pastors for the care of these immigrants. Among others in Germany who were concerned about the need was Pastor Johannes Evangelista Gossner of Berlin. The men he sent to America have written an interesting, if not major, chapter in American church history.
Comparison study of rotor structures of doubly excited brushless reluctance machine by finite element analysis

Doubly excited brushless reluctance machine (DEBRM) has gained much attention in the area of variable-speed constant-frequency generating systems and adjustable speed drives. Two types of reluctance rotor structure, axially laminated and simple salient rotors, are suggested in the DEBRM development. Due to the unconventional pole number combination of the stator and rotor, performance evaluation of the DEBRM with different rotor structures is difficult. A comparison study of two rotor structures of the DEBRM is presented in this paper by finite element analysis. It is shown that by calculating selfand mutual-flux linkage of the dual stator windings as the function of rotor positions, performance of the complicated DEBRM can be evaluated conveniently. Various advantages and disadvantages of the DEBRM associated with the two rotor structures are also discussed. >
Energy-conservation in 802.11 WLANs via transmission-strategy-aware airtime allocation

In a typical 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN), different wireless stations may communicate with the access point (AP) with different transmission rates, transmit-power levels, and data payload sizes. Such phenomenon is often referred to as transmission-strategy diversity. In this paper, we study the energy-conservation problem in 802.11 WLANs in the presence of transmission-strategy diversity. This problem is addressed from a unique angle - the system-level fairness which is quite different from most of current research that focuses on improving the performance of each individual wireless station. To emphasize fair energy consumption among contending stations, we introduce a new fairness notion, called energy-conservation fairness, which is in sharp contrast to the conventional throughput fairness and airtime fairness. Another contribution of this paper is an energy-efficient scheme that allocates airtime shares to contending stations so as to achieve combined airtime and energy-conservation fairness. Our simulation results show that, when the energy-conservation fairness is considered, both aggregate system throughput and overall system energy-efficiency can be improved significantly with all contending stations consuming a similar amount of energy.
Mitigating exotic impacts: restoring deer mouse populations elevated by an exotic food subsidy.

The threat posed by exotic organisms to native systems has led to extensive research on exotic invaders, yet management of invasives has progressed relatively slowly. This is partly due to poor understanding of how exotic species management influences native organisms. To address this shortfall, we experimentally evaluated the efficacy of an invasives management tool for restoring native deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) populations elevated by exotic species. The exotic insects, Urophora spp., were introduced in North America for biological control of the Eurasian invader, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), but instead of controlling C. maculosa, Urophora have become an important food resource that doubles P. maniculatus populations, with substantial indirect effects on other organisms. We hypothesized that herbicide suppression of Urophora's host plant would reduce the Urophora food resource and restore P. maniculatus populations to natural levels. Prior to treatment, mouse populations did not differ between controls and treatments, but following treatment, P. maniculatus were half as abundant where treatment reduced Urophora. Peromyscus maniculatus is insensitive to direct herbicide effects, and herbicide-induced habitat changes could not explain the P. maniculatus response. Treatment-induced reductions of the Urophora food resource offered the most parsimonious explanation for the mouse response. Multistate mark-recapture models indicated that P. maniculatus survival declined where Urophora were removed, and survival rates were more correlated with variation in population size than movement rates. Other demographic and reproductive parameters (sex ratios, reproductive status, pregnancy rates, and juvenile recruitment) were unaffected by treatment. These results suggest the Urophora biocontrol elevated P. maniculatus survival, and the herbicide treatment restored mouse populations by removing the exotic food and reducing survival. This work illustrates the importance of mechanistic understandings of community and population ecology for improving invasive species management.
ϱ-meson-nucleon tensor coupling in relativistic quark models

Abstract The ϱNN tensor-to-vector coupling constant ratio T / V is estimated to be ∼3.7 in the MIT bag model including a pion cloud contribution of ∼1.5. In a consistent relativistic many-body framework of the constituent quark model on the light cone, T / V increases by more than 50% to ∼5 and comes closer to the empirical value 6.6±0.6.
Future of renewable energy development & deployment

Innovations in renewable energy technology are becoming more important as worldwide needs for affordable, reliable, and clean energy grow, and concerns over energy security and climate change mount. The importance of a broad portfolio of low- and non-emitting electricity generation options for a carbon-constrained future has become very clear. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is committed to the research and development needed for new generation technologies and for the effective integration of these technologies into the electric grid.
Biological studies in depressed children and adolescents.

The objective was to review the literature on the biological correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents. A computerized search for articles published during the last 20 years was done and selected studies presented. To date, examination of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and cortisol levels after pharmacological stimulation have shown abnormalities in the secretion of these hormones (e.g. blunted GH secretion after the administration of growth hormone releasing hormone). Identical results have been found in never-depressed children at high risk to develop MDD due to high family loading for MDD suggesting that alteration in certain hormonal systems may be trait markers for MDD. Other biological studies (e.g. the hypothalamic--pituitary axis, sleep electroencephalogram) have yielded more inconsistent results with subjects with melancholic symptoms, severe depressions, and older age showing some abnormalities similar to the ones reported in adults with MDD. Factors such age, sex, maturation, psychiatric family history and exposure to stress need to be considered since they also affect the same biological systems associated with the aetiology of MDD. Considerable biological research has been done in youth with MDD. Further research is needed to investigate whether these markers predict the development of new episodes of MDD, recurrences, and treatment response. Also, these and other studies using more sophisticated methods (e.g. functional MRI) aimed at elucidating the interrelationship between biological and other risk factors are needed.
Studies upon regeneration. I. The constrasting powers of regeneration in planaria and procotyla

When sexually mature Procotyla fluviatilis Leidy (commonly but erroneously known as Dendrocoelum lacteum) are cut transversely into head, pharyngeal, and tail pieces of about equal length, the head and pharyngeal pieces fail to regenerate in a large percentage of cases and tail pieces never regenerate. When regeneration occurs in head and pharyngeal pieces it is somewhat slower than in similar pieces of Planaria maculata Leidy and Planaria agilis Stringer with which comparisons were made. Cutting mature Procotyla into larger numbers of pieces usually results in death of all, although smaller pieces from prepharyngeal regions sometimes regenerate. Juvenile P. fluviatilis have greater powers of regeneration, as shown by cutting head and pharyngeal regions into greater numbers of pieces, but tail pieces do not regenerate. These observations confirm and extend those of earlier investigators. Such a restricted power of regeneration contrasts with well-known powers in P. maculata and P. agilis. Counts of formative cells, from which new parts arise in all three species and which are regarded by the authors as a persistent embryonic stock, indicate about 8.5 such cells in P. maculata to 1 in P. fluviatilis per unit area. It is concluded that regeneration in planarians is correlated with numbers of such formative cells and that histological factors are no less important than physiological ones. The paper is preliminary to a study of effects of x-rays upon regeneration.
Non-Invasive Fiber-Optic Glucose Sensor Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

We report an experimental investigation of detecting the concentration of glucose level, non-invasively using a laser sensing technique. The method is based on stimulated Raman scatting using a fixed wavelength and a wavelength swept fiber laser as a signal and pump laser, respectively.
Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling winter hardiness in an annual × perennial ryegrass interspecific hybrid population

Winter hardiness is a quantitative trait and the lack of it limits geographic distribution of ryegrass. Improving winter hardiness is an important breeding goal in ryegrass breeding programs. An understanding of the genetic basis for the component traits of winter hardiness would allow more efficient selection. A three-generation interspecific population of an annual × perennial ryegrass consisting of 152 progenies was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control winter hardiness-related traits including fall growth (FG), freezing tolerance (FT), and winter survival (WS) over 2 years. A total of 39 QTL were identified for the three traits from both the female parental (MFA) and the male parental (MFB) maps, of which 13 were for FG, 6 for FT, and 20 for WS. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 10.4 to 22.1%. Both FG and FT were positively correlated with WS. Common QTL were detected between FG, FT, and WS. The QTL associated with WS on linkage groups (LGs) 4 and 5, and the QTL for FT on LG 5 were consistently identified over years and maps. These consistent QTL might serve as potential tools for marker-assisted selection to improve ryegrass winter hardiness.
Alteration of p53 Pathway in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Impact on Treatment Outcome in Patients Treated With Larynx Preservation Intent

PURPOSE: To identify the role of p53 pathway alteration(s) as predictors of treatment outcome in patients with advanced, resectable, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx and pharynx treated with larynx preservation (LP) intent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-one patients treated on two consecutive LP protocols were studied based on availability of representative tissues. We analyzed the expression pattern of p53, its upstream regulator mdm2, and downstream transcriptional target p21/WAF1 by immunohistochemistry. Positive phenotype was defined as ≥ 20% of tumor cells showing nuclear immunoreactivity. Results were correlated with treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Positive phenotype was observed in 35 (49%) of 71 cases for p53, in 52 (74%) of 70 for mdm2, and in 37 (54%) of 68 for p21. There was no correlation between p53 phenotype and p21 nuclear accumulation. The mdm2-negative phenotype was most predictive of major response at the primary tumor site (P = .088). p53-positive phenotype was associated with w...
Wave speeds in wavy Taylor-vortex flow

The speed of travelling azimuthal waves on Taylor vortices in a circular Couette system (with the inner cylinder rotating and the outer cylinder at rest) has been determined in laboratory experiments conducted as a function of Reynolds number R, radius ratio of the cylinders η, average axial wavelength , η and m1) the wave speeds have been measured, extrapolated to infinite aspect ratio, and compared with the numerically computed values. For each of these three cases the agreement is within 0.1 %.
Biological Pacemakers: Are We at the Dawn of a New Treatment Era?

In this issue of the Journal , Boink et al. ([1][1]) reported the study of biological pacemaker function in mongrel dogs that underwent radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular node and were then treated with gene transfer using the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated
Climate Contributors to Forest Mosaics: Ecological Persistence Following Wildfire

Abstract It is hypothesized that climate impacts forest mosaics through dynamic ecological processes such as wildfires. However, climate-fire research has primarily focused on understanding drivers of fire frequency and area burned, largely due to scale mismatches and limited data availability. Recent datasets, however, allow for the investigation of climate influences on ecological patch metrics across broad regions independent of area burned and at finer scale. One area of particular interest is the distribution of fire refugia within wildfire perimeters. Although much recent research emphasis has been placed on high-severity patches within wildfires, unburned and low-severity patches provide critical remnant habitat and serve as seed sources to initiate colonization and succession in recently burned landscapes. These patches of persistence also may yield insights into approaches for developing fire-resilient landscapes by forest managers and communities seeking to reduce wildfire hazard. Here, we prese...
Medical mistrust among social network members may contribute to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence in African Americans living with HIV

Abstract Rationale African Americans living with HIV are less likely to adhere to antiretroviral treatment (ART) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Medical mistrust is thought to be a factor in this disparity. Objective: We examined (1) whether exposure to HIV conspiracy beliefs, a specific type of HIV-related mistrust (about the origins and treatment of HIV) in social networks is associated with ART nonadherence among African Americans living with HIV; and (2) the characteristics of individuals who discuss HIV-related mistrust in the social networks of African Americans living with HIV. Methods: At baseline and 6- and 12-months post-baseline, 175 African Americans living with HIV on ART completed egocentric social network assessments, from which we assessed the structure and composition of their personal networks (the social context immediately surrounding them). HIV-related mistrust was operationalized with an indicator of whether any social network member had expressed HIV conspiracy beliefs to the participant. Daily medication adherence was monitored electronically. Results: At baseline, 63% of participants agreed with at least one conspiracy belief, and 55% reported hearing at least one social network member (“alter”) express conspiracy beliefs. In a multivariate linear repeated measures regression, expression of conspiracy beliefs by similar others in the network (in terms of age, gender, HIV status, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity) was associated with ART nonadherence (i.e., percentage of prescribed doses taken). In a multivariate logistic regression, expression of conspiracy beliefs was more likely among social network members who were HIV-positive, who knew the participants’ serostatus, and with whom participants interacted frequently, and less likely among more well-connected social network members. Conclusion: HIV-related mistrust in the network may be most influential when expressed by similar others who may be HIV-positive themselves.
Suction rectal biopsy yields adequate tissue in children

Abstract Background/purpose Hirschsprung disease (HD) is diagnosed by rectal biopsy, with suction rectal biopsy (SRB), the preferred technique in neonates. Reported SRB adequacy has varied overall with concern for decreased diagnostic yield in older children. The study aim was to assess SRB adequacy by age in children with the current device used at our institution. Methods Following IRB approval, a retrospective cohort of children (1 to 18years) evaluated by SRB for HD was identified through billing records. Data regarding demographics, procedure, results, and complications were collected and analyzed using SPSS. Results 56 children (median age 3.9years) underwent SRB with an 80.4% overall success rate. Patients older than 5years had 90.5% adequacy rate compared to 74.3% in those younger. Univariate analysis revealed weak association of inadequate specimens with younger age and males, and no association with insurance, race/ethnicity, weight–height or BMI percentile, sedation type, or procedure location. SRB under general anesthesia (GA) had 100% adequacy ( n =6). Patients with inadequate initial biopsy achieved diagnosis by SRB with increased sedation ( n =5) or full thickness biopsy under GA ( n =5). Conclusion With adequacy of 80.4% overall and 90.5% for patients greater than 5years, SRB is effective in evaluating the older child for HD.
Background and design of the profiling biobehavioral responses to mechanical support in advanced heart failure study.

Background: Unexplained heterogeneity in response to ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation for the management of advanced heart failure impedes our ability to predict favorable outcomes, provide adequate patient and family education, and personalize monitoring and symptom management strategies. The purpose of this article was to describe the background and the design of a study entitled “Profiling Biobehavioral Responses to Mechanical Support in Advanced Heart Failure” (PREMISE). Study Design and Methods: PREMISE is a prospective cohort study designed to (1) identify common and distinct trajectories of change in physical and psychological symptom burden; (2) characterize common trajectories of change in serum biomarkers of myocardial stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; and (3) quantify associations between symptoms and biomarkers of pathogenesis in adults undergoing VAD implantation. Latent growth mixture modeling, including parallel process and cross-classification modeling, will be used to address the study aims and will entail identifying trajectories, quantifying associations between trajectories and both clinical and quality-of-life outcomes, and identifying predictors of favorable symptom and biomarker responses to VAD implantation. Conclusions: Research findings from the PREMISE study will be used to enhance shared patient and provider decision making and to shape a much-needed new breed of interventions and clinical management strategies that are tailored to differential symptom and pathogenic responses to VAD implantation.
Studies in Non-Specific Complement Fixation. I. Non-Specific Complement Fixation by Normal Rabbit Serum

The object of this communication is to direct attention to the observation that in complement-fixation tests when normal rabbit serum is used, according to the usual technic, in an active condition or after heating at 55 C. for half an hour for the purpose of inactivation, nonspecific complement absorption or fixation may occur, not only in the presence of lipoidal antigens, but with various bacterial antigens as well. This is a matter of considerable importance in view of the fact that rabbits are commonly employed for experimental studies in syphilis, and likewise for the preparation of immune amboceptors for the study and differentiation of bacterial species and proteins in general. This possibility of non-specific complement fixation is to be remembered and reckoned with in complement-fixation work with rabbit serum, especially in experimental syphilis, as otherwise erroneous conclusions may be drawn, if based alone upon complementfixation tests.
Assessing the proton affinities of N,N'-diamidocarbenes.

The gas-phase proton affinities (PAs) of a series of novel diamidocarbenes (DACs) were assessed and compared to various imidazolylidene-based N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) through experimental and computational methods. Apart from a perfluorinated-phenyl derivative (PA = 233 kcal/mol), the calculated and measured PAs for a range of DACs (256–261 kcal/mol) were comparable to those of the NHCs (260–266 kcal/mol). Proton transfer from the protonated carbene to various reference bases, as observed by mass spectrometry, was inhibited by steric bulk and precluded the direct measurement of the PA for the known DACs, N,N′-dimesityl-4,6-diketo-5,5-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylidene and N,N′-diisopropylphenyl-4,6-diketo-5,5-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylidene. However, DACs featuring less hindered N-aryl substituents facilitated proton transfer, and the measured PA values were found to be consistent with density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)). Notably, the PAs of the DACs studied were similar to those of the NH...
Clustering analytics for streaming smart grid datasets

This paper presents an application of clustering algorithms for streaming smart grid datasets. The authors use a framework that includes a combination of an openPDC and statistical software (R) platform to acquire Synchrophasor data to carry out the clustering process. The clustering operations on streaming synchrophasor data enables operators to detect any anomalies or outages for better decision making. This will reduce the outage and failure rates, and enhance situational awareness of the grid. We show the application of hierarchical clustering to organize the sensor data into clusters. Additionally, several distance metrics (cluster linkage methods) are tested for enhanced hierarchical cluster separation. Experimental results on parameters such as frequency, voltage, and current demonstrate the novelty and effectiveness of our application of hierarchical clustering. The results indicate that the hierarchical clustering with single linkage distance metric is a good choice for sudden surge or sag values. On the other hand, the average distance metric is less sensitive to outliers and can detect small deviations in parameters.
Calibration of Integrated Error Verification Equipment for 10kV High Voltage Electrical Energy Measurement Device

The current test method of high voltage energy measurement device is that test meter,voltage transformer and current transformer,respectively.Then get the total composite error by theoretical calculation.The total composite error is used to determine the accuracy level of the measurement device.This assessment method does not meet the IEC’s basic principles on the power meter and power meter testing device.Therefore high voltage electrical energy measurement device has become a research focus.This article describes the method of calibration on high voltage electrical energy measurement device.The high-voltage standard energy measurement system of this method composed of standard PT,standard CT and standard meter.And the uncertainty of the measurement result was evaluated.Evaluation results show that the calibration method is reliable.
Difficulties in Reading Comprehension for Students with Learning Disabilities

Publisher Summary Reading comprehension is a necessary skill throughout schooling and a vital component of the successful transition to adult responsibilities. It is the complex outcome of the process of constructing meaning from print. Students' success in comprehension is influenced by how interesting and relevant they find the text they are reading; their competencies in recognizing, decoding, and pronouncing words fluently and accurately; their awareness of the different purposes associated with reading and facility with comprehension monitoring strategies. The top-down model advocates reading instruction that de-emphasizes skills and focuses instead on a holistic approach to reading connected text as well as the value of immersing children in a literate environment. Reading comprehension is an important academic skill. It underpins school learning and becomes increasingly important in all subject areas as students progress through the grades. The appropriate use of background knowledge is a crucial element in extracting meaning from text. Current research indicates that students benefit most from activities that assess, activate, and develop their background knowledge before reading. Students with learning disabilities may experience difficulties in activating appropriate knowledge or in developing background knowledge when it is missing or uncertain.
Modeling, Fabrication, and Characterization of Superoleophobic/Philic Surfaces

Oleophobic surfaces have the potential for self-cleaning and antifouling from organic and biological contaminants both in air and underwater applications and can reduce fluid drag.
Internodal conduction. Immediate and long-term effects of transverse circular incision of right atrium including atrial septum.

Immediate and long-term effects of a transverse circular incision of the entire right atrium, including the atrial septum, on internodal conduction were studied in 7 dogs. Electrocardiograms were followed up to 35 weeks, and the atrial epicardial excitation sequence was evaluated in all 7 dogs. The findings were compared with data from 3 normal dogs and 3 other dogs which underwent total atrial transverse incisions. All dogs with total atrial separation developed complete atrioventricular (A-V) block immediately after the operation and died within 3 days. All dogs with right atrial interruption exhibited persistent sinus rhythm with slight extension of P-R intervals and a normal QRS immediately after the operation. The mean P-R interval reached its maximum at the fourth day (50 per cent increase), remained prolonged through the first week, but returned to near control valves after 12 weeks. Three dogs later developed transient arrhythmia; sinus arrhythmia in 2 dogs and second-degree block in 1 appeared between the tenth and fourteenth postoperative days. Postoperative P vectors migrated toward the left. Atrial excitation sequence studies demonstrated prolongation of atrial epicardial conduction intervals (2.3 times) between the sinus node and distal right atrial wall. The presence of an interatrial conduction mechanism (whether by specific pathways or not), through which sinus node excitation was transmitted to the A-V node was demonstrated.
Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors

Fluorescent lamp phosphors convert the ultraviolet emission of a rare-gas/mercury discharge plasma into visible (white) light. The phosphor is responsible for nearly all the visible light produced by the lamp with the visible mercury lines contributing only a few percent to the total lamp light output. This article reviews fluorescent lamp phosphors that are used in general purpose illumination.
Coupling aquaculture with forest plantations for food, energy, and water resiliency.

Abstract Freshwater aquaculture and forest bioenergy markets are expanding globally in areas concurrently experiencing human population growth, urbanization and water shortages. Coupling these agroecosystems can improve food, energy, and water resiliency by enhancing ecosystem services through fertilization, water-reuse, carbon storage, and bioenergy via biomass production. This study evaluated how a model aquaculture-managed forest plantation could (1) provision fish and woody biomass; (2) regulate carbon, groundwater infiltration, and groundwater quality; and (3) support nutrient cycling over a two-year period. A 0.5-hectare hardwood bioenergy plantation was established with 12 Populus spp. genotypes adjacent to a 0.6-hectare freshwater aquaculture operation (hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis); pond waters were land-applied on the plantation for two years. The aquaculture operation produced ~ 3.5 Mg of fish and trees yielded 5.9 Mg ha− 1 yr− 1 of oven-dry biomass, sequestered 2.9 Mg carbon (C) ha− 1 yr− 1 and stored 0.028 Mg nitrogen (N) ha− 1 yr− 1. Biomass productivity, carbon storage, and nitrogen storage differed significantly among the evaluated Populus genotypes. Land application of pond water increased groundwater infiltration by 60% relative to the previous year. The integrated system regulated chlorophyll a, total organic carbon, and nitrogen in groundwater at concentrations below regulatory limits. This study demonstrated that coupled agroecosystems could deliver productive yields of food and bioenergy as well as support water re-use while meeting water quality regulations. More research is needed to evaluated long-term sustainability and economic viability of this coupled system and other land management practices that seek to improve food, energy, and water resiliency.
Advanced Diagnostics for the HWRF Hurricane Modelling System

The objective of this work is to show how to derive some useful first-order model diagnostics from the prognostic variables of numerical weather prediction models. We introduce a basic set of popular diagnostics products, along with illustrations and detailed formulae, that have been adopted into various real-time applications of both tropical cyclone forecasting and hurricane model diagnostics. The diagnostic products discussed in this chapter are categorized into two types: (1) Plots of horizontal 2D fields, and (2) Time vs. height profiles of domain-averaged forecasted quantities. The diagnostic products in each of these categories provide insight into various different factors that play important roles in the time-evolution of tropical cyclones.
Chapter 2 – Procedure

This chapter focuses on primer design and basics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Critical parameters to consider while designing primers are discussed. An example of primer design for a molecular cloning project using restriction enzymes is illustrated. Various modern online software resources for primer design and DNA sequence analysis are listed with illustrated outputs. A typical PCR setup is explained in detail and the recommended starting concentrations of the components, as well as usual ranges for optimization are tabulated. Default positive and negative controls for rigorous PCR setup are discussed. The temperature cycling parameters—denaturation, annealing, and extension—are explained in detail. How these parameters should be altered depending on the target DNA, and how these parameters affect specificity and yield of PCR are explained.
The role of CHFR as a predictive marker of response to taxane-based preoperative chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

1112 Background: Taxanes are frequently used in the treatment of breast cancer. CHFR (checkpoint with forkhead and ringfinger domains) is a novel biomarker of resistance to microtubule targeting agents that can help individualize care and identify targets for overcoming this resistance. Our institution showed that high CHFR is associated with decreased response to taxanes and worse overall survival in patients with lung cancer. The current work evaluated the translational significance of CHFR in breast cancer. Methods: We studied a cohort of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), who were treated with pre-operative taxane-based chemotherapy followed by surgery. Archived paraffin-embedded tissue was stained for CHFR using immunohistochemistry. The level of protein expression was assessed by light microscopy and scored for intensity of staining and percentage of staining cells. CHFR expression was associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) and progression free survival (PFS). Covariates...
Exploring the broadening and the existence of two glass transitions due to competing interfacial effects in thin, supported polymer films

In this report, we use ellipsometry to characterize the glass transition in ultra-thin films of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) supported on a silicon substrate. P2VP is known to have attractive substrate interactions, which can increase the Tg of ultra-thin films compared to the bulk value. Here, we use an extended temperature range to show that the glass transition can be extremely broad, indicating that a large gradient of the dynamics exists through the film with slow dynamics near the substrate and enhanced dynamics at the free surface. To observe the effect of these two interfaces on the average thin film dynamics, cooling rate-dependent Tg (CR-Tg) measurements were used to indirectly probe the average relaxation times of the films. We demonstrate that ultra-thin films have lower fragility compared to bulk films, and, when cooled at slow cooling rates ( 50 K).
Clinical and Financial Outcomes Evaluation of Multimodal Pharmacist Warfarin Management of a Statewide Urban and Rural Population.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and indirect financial outcomes of pharmacist face-to-face warfarin management with telephone-based distance management utilizing local laboratories or pat...
Multiple doses of icatibant used during pregnancy.

BackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a life-long disease that often manifests by puberty. Treatment of attacks is essential to improve quality of life and to decrease morbidity and mortality. D...
Signal and Noise in FET-Nanopore Devices.

The combination of a nanopore with a local field-effect transistor (FET-nanopore), like a nanoribbon, nanotube, or nanowire, in order to sense single molecules translocating through the pore is promising for DNA sequencing at megahertz bandwidths. Previously, it was experimentally determined that the detection mechanism was due to local potential fluctuations that arise when an analyte enters a nanopore and constricts ion flow through it, rather than the theoretically proposed mechanism of direct charge coupling between the DNA and nanowire. However, there has been little discussion on the experimentally observed detection mechanism and its relation to the operation of real devices. We model the intrinsic signal and noise in such an FET-nanopore device and compare the results to the ionic current signal. The physical dimensions of DNA molecules limit the change in gate voltage on the FET to below 40 mV. We discuss the low-frequency flicker noise (<10 kHz), medium-frequency thermal noise (<100 kHz), and hi...
Lean-Based Redesign of Multidisciplinary Rounds on General Medicine Service.

BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary rounds (MDR) facilitate timely communication amongst the care team and with patients. We used Lean techniques to redesign MDR on the teaching general medicine service. OBJECTIVE To examine if our Lean-based new model of MDR was associated with change in the primary outcome of length of stay (LOS) and secondary outcomes of discharges before noon, documentation of estimated discharge date (EDD), and patient satisfaction. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS This is a pre-post study. The preperiod (in which the old model of MDR was followed) comprised 4000 patients discharged between September 1, 2013, and October 22, 2014. The postperiod (in which the new model of MDR was followed) comprised 2085 patients between October 23, 2014, and April 30, 2015. INTERVENTION Lean-based redesign of MDR. MEASUREMENTS LOS, discharges before noon, EDD, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS There was no change in the mean LOS. Discharges before noon increased from 6.9% to 10.7% (P < .001). Recording of EDD increased from 31.4% to 41.3% (P < .001). There was no change in patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Lean-based redesign of MDR was associated with an increase in discharges before noon and in recording of EDD.
Sustainability: A foundation for pharma, generic and Government partnerships?

Abstract Significant progress has been made over the past two decades in adoption of green chemistry within small molecule divisions of pharmaceutical companies. Despite these advances significant sustainability challenges have appeared related to the emerging trend of many companies outsourcing pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. In addition, limited progress has been made developing and adopting sustainable processes in generic industries. Some current best practices in sustainable chemistry are highlighted and practical solutions are proposed which could incentivize adoption of green chemistry in the global pharmaceutical and generic industries.
Abstract TP246: Evaluating Thrombolysis Decision Making in Minor Stroke Using Adaptive Discrete Choice Experimentation

Introduction: Historically, physicians have been less likely to give intravenous tPA to patients with minor symptoms but evidence that mild stroke carries significant risk of permanent disability m...
Improving general chemistry performance through a growth mindset intervention: selective effects on underrepresented minorities

Women and minorities remain underrepresented in chemistry bachelor's degree attainment in the United States, despite efforts to improve their early chemistry achievement through supplemental academic programs and active-learning approaches. We propose an additional strategy for addressing these disparities: course-based, social-psychological interventions. For example, growth-mindset interventions are designed to support students during challenging academic transitions by encouraging them to view intelligence as a flexible characteristic that can be developed through practice, rather than a fixed ability. Previous research has shown that such interventions can improve the overall performance and persistence of college students, particularly those who belong to underrepresented groups. We report a random-assignment classroom experiment, which implemented a chemistry-specific growth-mindset intervention among first-year college students enrolled in General Chemistry 1. Performance results revealed an achievement gap between underrepresented minority and white students in the control group, but no sex-based gap. Critically, after adjusting for variation in academic preparation, the mindset intervention eliminated this racial-achievement gap. Qualitative analysis of students’ written reflections from the intervention shed light on their experiences of the mindset and control treatments, deepening our understanding of mindset effects. We integrate these results with the mindset and chemical education literatures and discuss the implications for educators seeking to support underrepresented students in their own classrooms.
THE EFFECTS OF MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE RELEASE INHIBITING FACTOR AND SYNTHETIC ANALOGS ON TOLERANCE TO AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE ON MORPHINE

Summary Chronic administration of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF) and several of its its tripeptide and dipeptide analogs blocked the development of tolerance to analgesic and hypothermic effects of morphine. Similarly the physical dependence on morphine was inhibited as evidenced by blockade of both abrupt and naloxone-precipitated abstinence syndrome. These peptides failed to modify the tolerant and dependent state when they were given after the development of tolerance and physical dependence. MIF and cyclo (Leu-Gly) were active at doses as low as 0.5 and 0.05 μg per mouse, respectively, while, Z-MIF, Pro-Leu and Pro-D-Leu exhibited significant activities down to a dose of 5 μg of peptide per mouse.
Enabling Public Cameras to Talk to the Public

This paper asks: Is it possible for cameras in public areas, say ceiling cameras in a museum, to send personalized messages to people without knowing any addresses of their phones? We define this kind of problem as Private Human Addressing and develop a real-time end-to-end system called PHADE to solve it. Unlike traditional data transmission protocols that need to first learn the destination's address, our cameras rely on viewing user's motion patterns, and use the uniqueness of these patterns as the address for communication. Once receiving the wireless broadcast from the cameras, the user's phone can locally compare the "motion address" of the packet against its own motion sensor data, and accept the packet upon a "good" match. In addition to requiring no data from users, our system transforms the motion patterns into low-dimensional codes to prevent leakage of user's walking behaviors. Thus, a hacker who collects all the broadcast messages would still not be able to infer the motion patterns of users. Real-world experiments show that PHADE discriminates 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 people with 98%, 95%, 90%, 90%, 87% correctness and about 3 seconds constant delay. Since abundant and accurate information can be extracted from videos, PHADE would find applications in various contexts. Extended to localization system and audio guide, PHADE achieves a median error of 0.19m and 99.7% matching correctness, respectively. PHADE can also deliver messages based on human gestures. There is no need to deploy any extra infrastructures or to require users to rent any dedicated device.
High Conductivity in an Amorphous Crosslinked Siloxane Polymer Electrolyte

A new polymer electrolyte is described which was prepared by the reaction of poly(methylhydrosiloxane), PMHS, with poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, and poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether), MePEG. The glass transition temperature of the polymer host is very low (207 K) and the polymer forms complexes with the Li, Na, and K salts of trifluoromethanesulfonate, all of which exhibit high ionic conductivities of up to 1 × 10−4 Ω−1cm−1 at 40°C. 29Si NMR, AC complex impedance studies, DSC, and X-ray powder diffraction have been used to characterize the electrolyte. The temperature dependance of the conductivity has been modeled by the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation.