cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diagnosis. S. Jeffrey, J. Booth, and S. Myint. Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2000, 124 pp., $36.95. ISBN 0-387-915-11-7.

This volume is the latest in a series of small reference books that address molecular diagnostics and genetics at an entry level. Beginning with Piper and Unger’s Nucleic Acid Probes: A Primer for Pathologist (1989), several short publications have appeared, such as Brock’s Molecular Genetics for The Clinician (1992) and Farkas’ DNA Simplified II: Hitchhiker’s Guide to Illustrated DNA (1999). Molecular Diagnosis had the opportunity to join this select group but unfortunately is unable to achieve its full potential because of several deficiencies. The preface of this seven-chapter book states that it focuses on “how the analysis of nucleic acids is used in the study of genetic and infectious disease”. Because the book’s authors are microbiologists by training, its primary strength lies in the two chapters (4 and 5) devoted to detection of infectious disease agents. Although these fulfill one of the primary goals, the book is, …
Explicit traveling wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations

First of all, some technical tools are developed. Then the author studies explicit traveling wave solutions to nonlinear dispersive wave equations, nonlinear dissipative dispersive wave equations, nonlinear convection equations, nonlinear reaction diffusion equations and nonlinear hyperbolic equations, respectively.
VIA-2 Characterization of TEGFET's and MESFET's using the electrooptic sampling technique

Recent advances in GaAs technology have resulted in several new classes of devices, all of which have very high speed response [1,2]. These devices have been shown, indirectly, to have response times of tens of picoseconds [1]. Indirect measurements are necessary because available sampling oscilloscopes have a limiting response of 25 picoseconds and jitter of a few picoseconds. Hence, most ultrafast devices are characterized in a ring oscillator configuration of several devices and individual device response is averaged. In the frequency domain most RF measurements are connector limited to the range of 18 GHz.
Subtyping eating disorders.

Abstract Two subgroups of anorexia nervosa have been identified: restrictors and those with bulimic symptomatology (low-weight bulimics). The DSM-III classifies normal-weight bulimia (NWB) as a distinct syndrome and low-weight bulimia (LWB) as part of the Anorexia Nervosa Syndrome. Based on clinical experience, the authors hypothesized that the restricting anorectics (RAs) are different from both LWBs and NWBs. Demographic and clinical data are presented from a study of 142 female patients evaluated consecutively at an eating disorders clinic. RAs are compared with LWBs and NWBs; anorectics (restrictors and those with bulimic symptoms) are compared with NWBs. The data suggest that the presence or absence of bulimic symptoms may be more important than weight in distinguishing the syndrome of anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Molecular genetics of complex I-deficient Chinese hamster cell lines

The work from our laboratory on complex I-deficient Chinese hamster cell mutants is reviewed. Several complementation groups with a complete defect have been identified. Three of these are due to X-linked mutations, and the mutated genes for two have been identified. We describe null mutants in the genes for the subunits MWFE (gene: NDUFA1) and ESSS. They represent small integral membrane proteins localized in the Ialpha (Igamma) and Ibeta subcomplexes, respectively [J. Hirst, J. Carroll, I.M. Fearnley, R.J. Shannon, J.E. Walker. The nuclear encoded subunits of complex I from bovine heart mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1604 (7-10-2003) 135-150.]. Both are absolutely essential for assembly and activity of complex I. Epitope-tagged versions of these proteins can be expressed from a poly-cistronic vector to complement the mutants, or to be co-expressed with the endogenous proteins in other hamster cell lines (mutant or wild type), or human cells. Structure-function analyses can be performed with proteins altered by site-directed mutagenesis. A cell line has been constructed in which the MWFE subunit is conditionally expressed, opening a window on the kinetics of assembly of complex I. Its targeting, import into mitochondria, and orientation in the inner membrane have also been investigated. The two proteins have recently been shown to be the targets for a cAMP-dependent kinase [R. Chen, I.M. Fearnley, S.Y. Peak_Chew, J.E. Walker. The phosphorylation of subunits of complex I from bovine heart mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. xx (2004) xx-xx.]. The epitope-tagged proteins can be cross-linked with other complex I subunits.
On bivariate dependence and the convex order

We investigate the interplay between variability (in the sense of the convex order) and dependence in a bivariate framework, extending some previous results in this area. We exploit the fact that discrete uniform distributions are dense in the space of probability measures in the topology of weak convergence to prove our central result. We also obtain a partial result in the general multivariate case. Our findings can be interpreted in terms of the impact of component variability on the mean life of correlated serial and parallel systems.
GUNSHOT WOUNDS TO THE URETER: A 40-YEAR EXPERIENCE AT GRADY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

Purpose: Because of the morbidity associated with missed ureteral injuries, a high index of suspicion must be present to diagnose this type of injury. We reviewed our 40 years of trauma experience at Grady Memorial Hospital.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 118 patients with ureteral injuries secondary to a gunshot wound to the ureter from 1960 to 1999. All cases were reviewed for the mechanism of injury, location, initial urinalysis, imaging modalities, associated injuries, operative procedures and complications.Results: Our population consisted of patients 14 to 71 years old, of whom 66 had right ureteral, 51 had left ureteral and 1 had bilateral injury. Urinalysis revealed no evidence of blood in the urine in 15% of the patients in whom the test was performed. Excretory urography had a false-negative rate of 33%. The injury was located at the proximal, mid and distal ureter in 43, 38 and 37 cases, respectively. Multiple surgical approaches were used depending on the loca...
Direct observation of thymine dimer repair in DNA by photolyase

Photolyase uses light energy to split UV-induced cyclobutane dimers in damaged DNA, but its molecular mechanism has never been directly revealed. Here, we report the direct mapping of catalytic processes through femtosecond synchronization of the enzymatic dynamics with the repair function. We observed direct electron transfer from the excited flavin cofactor to the dimer in 170 ps and back electron transfer from the repaired thymines in 560 ps. Both reactions are strongly modulated by active-site solvation to achieve maximum repair efficiency. These results show that the photocycle of DNA repair by photolyase is through a radical mechanism and completed on subnanosecond time scale at the dynamic active site, with no net change in the redox state of the flavin cofactor.
Idiopathic Hypomagnesemia and Osteochondritis

A previously asymptomatic 5-year-old boy presented with classic carpopedal spasm of 6 h duration. On examination he also had papilledema, decreased DTR's and a negative Chovstek. Serum Mg was 0.8 and K was 2.8 mEq/L. All other serum electrolytes, proteins, enzymes, Ca, PO4, Glucose, BUN and Creatinine were normal. The EMG and PEG were normal. The EEG showed a few non-specific low waves and mild disorganization. Unexpectedly x-rays of bones showed a mild osteochondritis of shoulders, knees and hips (Legg-Perthes-like). Creatinine clearance was 70 ml/min/1.73 M2. Gross renal tubular function was normal by concentration and acidification. A 6-day balance study showed minimal negative Mg balance. When 20 mEq magnesium acetate (MgA) was added per os daily, another 6 day balance study showed a positive balance, but barely so (intake 174 mEq, output 132 mEq = +42 mEq). Little is known regarding Mg balance and metabolism in children, but adults with hypomagnesemia given MgAc would excrete very little in the urine. This child continued to excrete 5–9 mEq/day during the balance studies. Potassium was also in negative balance although not enough to be signifant. Other ions were in normal balance. When MgAc orally was increased to 40 mEq/day serum Mg rose to normal. After 6 months therapy the bony lesions have reverted almost to normal. MgAc therapy is still required as hypomagnesemic tetany again occurred when inadequate therapy was given. Is this a specific, partial renal tubular defect in Mg absorption.
Highly Porous Fibers by Electrospinning into a Cryogenic Liquid

Highly porous fibers of various polymers were created by electrospinning with a modified collector. A bath of liquid nitrogen was used to freeze the fibers, inducing a phase separation between the polymer and the solvent. When the solvent was removed in vacuo, highly porous fibers were obtained. Poly(styrene), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and poly(e-caprolactone) were all electrospun into porous fibers using this simple method. These porous fibers have a range of potential applications in encapsulation, controlled release, superhydrophobic coating, and lightweight reinforcement.
Phonon modes in LPCMO thin films

Abstract We report a study of the infrared properties of a series of ( La 1 - y Pr y ) 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 ( y = 0 , 0.5, 0.6) thin films. The samples, grown on NdGaO3 substrates, showed optically active phonons corresponding to external, bending and stretching modes with no significant temperature shifts. The effective spectral weight, given by N eff ( ω = 0.5 eV ) of these films is seen to follow scaling behavior similar to polycrystalline samples.
Contaminant Geochemistry: Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment

Brian Berkowitz, Ishai Dror, and Bruno Yaron. Springer, Berlin, Germany. 2009. Hardcover. 412 pp. $209. ISBN 978-3-540-74381-1. Contaminant geochemistry is the collection of physical and chemical processes that determine the behavior of contaminants beneath Earth's surface. Knowledge of these
ℓ ∞ worst-case optimal estimators for switched ARX systems

This paper considers the problem of worst-case estimation for switched piecewise linear models, in cases where the mode-variable is not directly observable. Our main result shows that worst case point wise optimal estimators can be designed by solving a constrained polynomial optimization problem. In turn, this problem can be relaxed to a sequence of convex optimizations by exploiting recent results on moments-based semi-algebraic optimization. Theoretical results are provided showing that this approach is guaranteed to find the optimal filter in a finite number of steps, bounded above by a constant that depends only on the number of data points available and the parameters of the model. Finally, we briefly show how to extend these results to accommodate parametric uncertainty.
Comparison of airborne multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for mapping cotton root rot.

Cotton root rot, caused by the soilborne fungus Phymatotrichum omnivorum, is a major cotton disease in the south western and south central United States. Accurate delineation of root rot infestations is necessary for site-specific management of the disease. The objective of this study was to compare airborne multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for detecting and mapping root rot areas in cotton fields. Two centre-pivot irrigated fields in south Texas were selected for this study. Airborne 3-band multispectral imagery and 128-band hyperspectral imagery were taken from the two fields shortly before harvest when infested areas were fully expressed for the season. Both types of imagery and the principal component images derived from the hyperspectral imagery were classified into 2-10 spectral classes using unsupervised classification techniques. The individual spectral classes were then grouped into infested and non-infested zones. Accuracy assessment on the two-zone classification maps showed that both types of imagery as well as the principal component imagery equally accurately identified root rot areas within the fields. These results indicate that both airborne multispectral and hyperspectral imagery can be successfully used for assessing root rot infestations within cotton fields. The classification maps and buffer maps as well as the image processing procedures presented in this study can be readily used by cotton growers and consultants for the site-specific cultural and chemical management of this disease.
Intraluminal fungal colonization of gastrostomy tubes.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes are frequently colonized with fungal and bacterial organisms. This has not been previously reported. In our sample of 10 patients, nine percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes were colonized with fungi. This occurred as early as 1 week after placement. Candida tropicalis was isolated in five patients. It is hypothesized that a variety of fungi use components of the gastrostomy tube polymer, such as polymer additives, which contributes to the structural deterioration of the tube.
Spall initiation and propagation due to debris denting

An analytical model has been developed to investigate the effects of dent on spall initiation and propagation in lubricated contacts. The model is based on the damage mechanics concept that the fatigue spall initiation and propagation is due to the accumulated plastic strain process rather than the stress intensity at the tip of the crack. The contact surface layer was divided into small metal matrix (cell) and for each cell a damage law was applied to determine whether the cell is undergoing damage or not. In this model, spall will be formed when a cell is damaged. A dent profile from finite element analysis for a spherical debris denting the contact surface was used in a point EHL model. The pressure and traction profiles were then used to obtain the internal stresses and accumulated plastic strain for each cell. A damage variable was calculated for each cell based on the accumulated plastic strain. When the damage in a cell reaches a certain level, the cell is damaged and is assumed to fall off the contact surface layer, hence, spall is generated. The spall will further modify the contact surface resulting in new pressure and traction profiles. The accumulated plastic strain and damage are calculated again based on which new spalls may be generated. The entire procedure is repeated which allows the spall to propagate. Spall size and growth rate versus cycle number are presented. The results indicate that spall will always initiate at the dent edge.
Impaired Functional Connectivity Within and Between Frontostriatal Circuits and Its Association With Compulsive Drug Use and Trait Impulsivity in Cocaine Addiction

Importance Converging evidence has long identified both impulsivity and compulsivity as key psychological constructs in drug addiction. Although dysregulated striatal-cortical network interactions have been identified in cocaine addiction, the association between these brain networks and addiction is poorly understood. Objectives To test the hypothesis that cocaine addiction is associated with disturbances in striatal-cortical communication as captured by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), measured from coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal, and to explore the relationships between striatal rsFC, trait impulsivity, and uncontrolled drug use in cocaine addiction. Design, Setting, and Participants A case-control, cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program outpatient magnetic resonance imaging facility. Data used in the present study were collected between December 8, 2005, and September 30, 2011. Participants included 56 non–treatment-seeking cocaine users (CUs) (52 with cocaine dependence and 3 with cocaine abuse) and 56 healthy individuals serving as controls (HCs) matched on age, sex, years of education, race, estimated intelligence, and smoking status. Main Outcomes and Measures Voxelwise statistical parametric analysis testing the rsFC strength differences between CUs and HCs in brain regions functionally connected to 6 striatal subregions defined a priori. Results Increased rsFC strength was observed predominantly in striatal-frontal circuits; decreased rsFC was found between the striatum and cingulate, striatal, temporal, hippocampal/amygdalar, and insular regions in the CU group compared with the HCs. Increased striatal-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity strength was positively correlated with the amount of recent cocaine use (uncorrected P P P Conclusions and Relevance Cocaine addiction is associated with disturbed rsFC in several specific striatal-cortical circuits. Specifically, compulsive cocaine use, a defining characteristic of dependence, was associated with a balance of increased striatal-anterior prefrontal/orbitofrontal and decreased striatal-dorsal anterior cingulate connectivity; trait impulsivity, both a risk factor for and a consequence of cocaine use, was associated with increased dorsal striatal-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity uniquely in CUs. These findings provide new insights toward the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets for treatment.
Coordination chemistry of scandium. IX. Scandium (III) complexes with the neutral macrocyclic ligands Me4Bz2[14] tetraeneN4 and Me4[14] tetraeneN4

Anhand von Leitfahigkeitsmessungen, IR- und elektronenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen werden den aus der l : l-Reaktion von atherischen Sc(NCS)3- Losungen mit den makrocyclischen Liganden isolierten Komplexen die Strukturen (I) und (II) zuerkannt.
Multimedia streaming using multiple TCP connections

In recent years, multimedia applications over the Internet become increasingly popular. However, packet loss, delay, and time-varying bandwidth of the Internet have remained the major problems for multimedia streaming applications. As such, a number of approaches, including network infrastructure and protocol, source and channel coding, have been proposed to either overcome or alleviate these drawbacks of the Internet. In this article, we propose the MultiTCP system, a receiver-driven, TCP-based system for multimedia streaming over the Internet. Our proposed algorithm aims at providing resilience against short term insufficient bandwidth by using multiple TCP connections for the same application. Our proposed system enables the application to achieve and control the desired sending rate during congested periods, which cannot be achieved using traditional TCP. Finally, our proposed system is implemented at the application layer, and hence, no kernel modification to TCP is necessary. We analyze the proposed system, and present simulation and experimental results to demonstrate its advantages over the traditional single-TCP-based approach.
Applied demography, affirmative action and rapidly evolving case law: A comment on Siegel and Morrison

The papers preceding this comment are excellent articles by noted demographers working at the intersection of public policy and demography. Morrison's article describes a method for determining whether a court ordered desegregation program of magnet schools succeeded in attracting students from suburban areas outside of the district or merely drew students from other schools within the district. Siegel's article discusses the need for statistical guidelines for the evaluation of the geographic compactness of redistricting plans. Both articles stem from litigation in which the authors were serving as expert witnesses and both relate to the current national debate over federally enforced affirmative action programs. As the national debate on affirmative action has intensified, an increasingly conservative Supreme Court has sought ways to curb or eliminate such programs. During its 1994-1995 term the Court issued three rulings in this area each decided by the same 5 to 4 split (Rehnquist, O'Connor, Kennedy, Scalia and Thomas in the majority and Blackmun, Ginsburg, Souter and Stephens in the minority). The first of these rulings Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena held that race-based affirmative action programs involving minority set asides must be narrowly tailored to further compelling governmental interests. Interestingly, this requirement for the application of a strict scrutiny standard for racially-based preferences was not applied to gender-based affirmative action programs. The other two cases, Missouri v. Jenkins and Miller v. Johnson are directly connected to the two articles being discussed. Each is basically saying that affirmative action programs that are racially or ethnically-based are only constitutional if, under the standard of strict scrutiny, they can be shown to serve a compelling state interest. Demographers serving as expert witnesses must choose between two alternative roles. The first is an advocacy role described by Smith (1993) as, 'professionally competent demographic analysis that will help advance the client's interests'. Smith described the other role as that of educator in which the expert behaves as an impartial observer whose conclusions may or may not be helpful to the client. These articles showcase the involvement of two prominent demographers in high profile cases of national importance.1 They also illustrate these two approaches to serving as an expert witness, with Morrison appearing to be more of an advocate and Siegel more of an educator.
Aerodynamic-Rotordynamic Interaction in Axial Compression Systems: Part I — Modeling and Analysis of Fluid-Induced Forces

This paper presents a first principles-based model of the fluid-induced forces acting on the rotor of an axial compressor. These forces are primarily associated with the presence of a nonuniform flow field around the rotor, such as that produced by a rotor tip clearance asymmetry. Simple, analytical expressions for the forces as functions of basic flow field quantities are obtained. These expressions allow an intuitive understanding of the nature of the forces and—when combined with a rudimentary model of an axial compressor flow field (the Moore-Greitzer model)—enable computation of the forces as a function of compressor geometry, torque and pressure-rise characteristics, and operating point. The forces predicted by the model are also compared to recently published measurements and more complex analytical models, and are found to be in reasonable agreement. The model elucidates that the fluid-induced forces comprise three main contributions: fluid turning in the rotor blades, pressure distribution around the rotor, and unsteady momentum storage within the rotor. The model also confirms recent efforts in that the orientation of fluid-induced forces is locked to the flow nonuniformity, not to tip clearance asymmetry as is traditionally assumed. The turning and pressure force contributions are shown to be of comparable magnitudes—and therefore of equal importance—for operating points between the design point and the peak of the compressor characteristic. Within this operating range, both “forward” and “backward” rotor whirl tendencies are shown to be possible. This work extends recent efforts by developing a more complete, yet compact, description of fluid-induced forces in that it accounts for all relevant force contributions, both tangential and radial, that may influence the dynamics of the rotor. Hence it constitutes an essential element of a consistent treatment of rotordynamic stability under the action of fluid-induced forces, which is the subject of Part II of this paper.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Adjuvant chemotherapy does not affect employment in patients with early-stage breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for the management of breast cancer on subsequent patient employment.
Complex Life Course Patterns and the Risk of Divorce in Second Marriages

In this article, I use data on women (N= 655) from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth to examine the correlates of second marital dissolution. I update the limited number of previous studies on this topic by focusing on the relationships between divorce and the complex life course patterns that characterize respondents in second marriages. I pay particular attention to the roles played by stepchildren and cohabitation. I find that women who brought stepchildren into their second marriage experience an elevated risk of marital disruption. Premarital cohabitation or having a birth while cohabiting with a second husband did not raise the risk of marital dissolution, however. In addition, marrying a man who brought a child to the marriage did not increase the risk of marital disruption.
Ligand-passivated Eu:Y2O3 nanocrystals as a phosphor for white light emitting diodes.

Eu(III)-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals are prepared by microwave synthetic methods as spherical 6.4 ± 1.5 nm nanocrystals with a cubic crystal structure. The surface of the nanocrystal is passivated by acetylacetonate (acac) and HDA on the Y exposed facet of the nanocrystal. The presence of acac on the nanocrystal surface gives rise to a strong S0 → S1 (π → π*, acac) and acac → Ln3+ ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions at 270 and 370 nm, respectively, in the Eu:Y2O3 nanocrystal. Excitation into the S0 → S1 (π → π*) or acac → Ln3+ LMCT transition leads to the production of white light emission arising from efficient intramolecular energy transfer to the Y2O3 oxygen vacancies and the Eu(III) Judd–Ofelt f–f transitions. The acac passivant is thermally stable below 400 °C, and its presence is evidenced by UV–vis absorption, FT-IR, and NMR measurements. The presence of the low-lying acac levels allows UV LED pumping of the solid phosphor, leading to high quantum efficiency (∼19%) when pumped at 370 nm, ...
Refractory Interval After Transcardiac Shocks During Ventricular Fibrillation

Background Measurements of refractory period extension by shocks during ventricular pacing at fast rates predict that all tissue should be refractory for a brief interval after shocks during fibrillation. This study experimentally determined whether a refractory interval was present just after a shock during fibrillation. Methods and Results In pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, rectangular monophasic (4-ms) or biphasic (2.5/1.5-ms) shocks were followed with a 2-ms postshock stimulus (PSS) delivered to the defibrillation electrodes. We measured the effect of PSS on the shock current (I50) required for 50% defibrillation success. In group 1 (n=6), a 1.0-A PSS had no effect on I50 when delivered up to 35 ms after monophasic shocks but greatly increased I50 when delivered at 50 to 90 ms. A 0.5-A PSS had no effect at any timing. In group 2 (n=6), we compared 1.0-A PSSs after monophasic and biphasic shocks. The effect of PSS after monophasic shocks was similar to group 1. After biphasic shocks, PSS at the same t...
Hydrologic regime and the conservation of salmon life history diversity

Life history diversity of imperiled Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. substantially contributes to their persistence, and conservation of such diversity is a critical element of recovery efforts. Preserving and restoring diversity of life history traits depends in part on environmental factors affecting their expression. We analyzed relationships between annual hydrograph patterns and life history traits (spawn timing, age at spawning, age at outmigration, and body size) of Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to identify environmental indicators of current and historic diversity. Based on mean monthly flow patterns, we identified three hydrologic regimes: snowmelt-dominated, rainfall-dominated, and transitional. Chinook populations in snowmelt-dominated areas contained higher proportions of the stream-type life history (juvenile residence >1 year in freshwater), had older spawners, and tended to spawn earlier in the year than populations in rainfall-dominated areas. There are few extant Puget Sound populations dominated by the stream-type life history, as several populations with high proportions of stream-type fish have been extirpated by construction of dams that prevent migration into snowmelt-dominated reaches. The few extant populations are thus a high priority for conservation. The low level of genetic distinction between stream-type and ocean-type (juvenile residence <1 year in freshwater) life histories suggests that allowing some portion of extant populations to recolonize habitats above dams might allow re-expression of suppressed life history characteristics, creating a broader spatial distribution of the stream-type life history. Climate change ultimately may limit the effectiveness of some conservation efforts, as stream-type Chinook may be dependent on a diminishing snowmelt-dominated habitat.
Efficient, Mg2+-dependent photochemical DNA cleavage by the antitumor quinobenzoxazine (S)-A-62176

The quinobenzoxazines, a group of structural analogues of the antibacterial fluoroquinolones, are topoisomerase II inhibitors that have demonstrated promising anticancer activity in mice. It has been proposed that the quinobenzoxazines form a 2:2 drug-Mg(2+) self-assembly complex on DNA. The quinobenzoxazine (S)-A-62176 is photochemically unstable and undergoes a DNA-accelerated photochemical reaction to afford a highly fluorescent photoproduct. Here we report that the irradiation of both supercoiled DNA and DNA oligonucleotides in the presence of (S)-A-62176 results in photochemical cleavage of the DNA. The (S)-A-62176-mediated DNA photocleavage reaction requires Mg(2+). Photochemical cleavage of supercoiled DNA by (S)-A-62176 is much more efficient that the DNA photocleavage reactions of the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. The photocleavage of supercoiled DNA by (S)-A-62176 is unaffected by the presence of SOD, catalase, or other reactive oxygen scavengers, but is inhibited by deoxygenation. The photochemical cleavage of supercoiled DNA is also inhibited by 1 mM KI. Photochemical cleavage of DNA oligonucleotides by (S)-A-62176 occurs most extensively at DNA sites bound by drug, as determined by DNase I footprinting, and especially at certain G and T residues. The nature of the DNA photoproducts, and inhibition studies, indicate that the photocleavage reaction occurs by a free radical mechanism initiated by abstraction of the 4'- and 1'-hydrogens from the DNA minor groove. These results lend further support for the proposed DNA binding model for the quinobenzoxazine 2:2 drug-Mg(2+) complex and serve to define the position of this complex on the minor groove of DNA.
RATIONAL SPIRITS AND THE POST KEYNESIAN MACROTHEORY OF MICROECONOMICS

The argument that post Keynesian theory rejects rationality and maximization as a basis of agent behaviour and is thus non-rational and lacking micro-foundations is contrasted by reference to Keynes' use of his early work on probability in the General Theory. Instead of presuming rational choice over perfectly known events, post Keynesian theory builds on Keynes' explanation of agents' ‘rational’ beliefs in uncertain propositions about their knowledge of the world. These ‘rational spirits’ lead to the recognition of the macro constraints to individual action or a macrofoundations of microeconomics linked to the role of money and to the role of liquidity preference as both a measure of rational belief and a determinant of money prices which equate the rates of return on all existing and newly produced goods. In this equilibrium prices will generally diverge from costs of production, in contrast to perfect competition but in concordance with the post Keynesian microeconomic theories of mark-up pricing.
Strange nonchaotic attractor in high-dimensional neural system

A general method for the creation of strange nonchaotic attractor is proposed. As an example, the strange nonchaotic attractor in a high-dimensional globally coupled neural system is studied numerically. For such an attractor, the time interval of continuously positive finite-time Lyapunov exponent must be smaller than the period of the driving stimulus, although it has a long-time positive tail. The intermittency between laminar and burst behavior is a characteristic dynamic of the strange nonchaotic attractors. Simulation results show that the chaotic phase occurs only within a small region around the origin in the parameter space. More than half of the large nonchaotic region is the strange nonchaotic phase. The chaotic phase is typically surrounded by strange nonchaotic attractors. This result also suggests that some biological signals that have a strange structure may be nonchaotic rather than chaotic.
The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem and International Factor Price Differences

This paper demonstrates the importance of accounting for absorption of inputs in a model of factor-augmenting international productivity differences when examining the consistency of international factor price differences with the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem. It is shown that the absence of such accounting has non-trivial implications in the form of introducing a bias in the calculation of productivity parameters based on the HOV theorem.
Structural system reliability considerations with frame instability

Abstract An approximate method for structural system reliability analysis is presented for framed structures when instability failure modes are considered. Deterministic rigid-plastic and stability analysis techniques are reviewed. An efficient analytical procedure is combined with Monte Carlo simulation to obtain an estimate for the system reliability of structural frames when frame instability is considered. Examples are presented to illustrate the technique.
Large peak in spin phonon interaction in Dy at the magnetically shifted curie temperature

Abstract Ultrasonic attenuation measurements have been performed on Dy by using 15 Mc/sec longitudinal waves propagating in the c -direction with a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the c -axis. A large attenuation peak is observed at the Curie temperature, which may be caused by magnetization fluctuations.
Combined pancreaticoduodenectomy and extended right hemicolectomy: outcomes and indications

Abstract Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) combined with an en bloc extended right hemicolectomy is required to achieve complete oncological resection of various malignancies. Information regarding the indications and outcomes of this procedure is limited. Study design Patients requiring PD combined with extended right hemicolectomy for primary tumours from 2002 to 2008 were identified. Results PD combined with an en bloc extended right hemicolectomy was required in 14 patients, constituting 8% of pancreaticoduodenal resections. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (8), retroperitoneal sarcoma (2) and colon cancer (2) were the main primary tumours resected. The indication for an extended right hemicolectomy was extensive tumour involvement of the transverse mesentery in seven patients. Clear tumour margins were achieved in 11 individuals. The median operating time was 10 h with intra-operative transfusions required in three patients. One or more complications were noted in eight, with delayed gastric emptying and pancreatic fistula the most common. The median length of hospital stay was 8 days. The overall 2-year survival in this series was 37%, with a median survival of 20 months in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusions This series suggests that PD combined with an en bloc extended right hemicolectomy is feasible and can achieve complete tumour clearance with acceptable morbidity.
Racial/ethnic minority research in school psychology†

The present investigation analyzed the content of all school psychology research published between 1975 and 1990 in terms of racial/ethnic minority topics. All articles from the three major school psychology journals, Journal of School Psychology, Psychology in the Schools, and School Psychology Review, were reviewed to see whether they contained minority issues information. The qualifying articles were systematically analyzed with regard to specific minority group studied, geographic area and population sampled, subject area addressed, and total number of articles published. Two hundred twenty-five studies were included in the analysis. An examination of the data suggests that (a) African American children and youth were sampled most frequently (64%), followed by Mexican-American youngsters (20%); (b) the majority of samples were drawn from southwestern populations; (c) most empirical studies (77%) dealt with psychoeducational assessment issues. Implications for training and practice in school psychology are discussed.
Nonlinear plasmonics with gold nanoparticle antennas

We investigate the nonlinear optical properties of gold nanoparticle pairs. Two excitation beams of frequencies ω1 and ω2 are used to induce nonlinear polarizations at the junction of a particle dimer. Nonlinearities of the second and third order can be controllably induced as a function of the dimer geometry, leading predominantly to second-harmonic generation (SHG), sum frequency generation (SFG) and four-wave mixing (4WM). Due to their center symmetry, dimers with identical particle diameters give rise to a very weak second-order response, without affecting the third-order response. Therefore, a sharp probe functionalized with a symmetric metal dimer acts as a nanoscale photon source emitting narrow-band photons of frequency 2ω1 − ω2. We demonstrate that this source can be employed as a near-field optical probe for high-resolution fluorescence imaging.
Collaborative object tracking with motion similarity measure

This paper presents a new approach to tracking objects using motion similarity measure for pairs of objects, with an emphasis on collaborative tracking. Assuming the distribution of motion in a scene can be decomposed into multiple Gaussian distributions, the motion of each object can be computed and matched. An object sharing similar motion characteristics with the tracked object can be used as a prior belief. Hence, the problem of object tracking can be formulated as an estimation problem based on two components, namely self information and information from other objects based on a motion similarity measure. Most existing object-tracking approaches perform tracking based on only self information. Collaborative tracking uses both information in an optimal manner under a Bayesian framework. Experimental results show that the hypothesis of motion decomposition is valid in many real-world scenarios. Moreover, information from other objects based on a motion similarity measure is especially useful in tracking when the self information is not reliable or not available because of the occlusion of tracked object in the scene.
Spectroscopic imaging of bladder cancer

The feasibility of developing bladder cancer detection methods using intrinsic tissue optical properties is the focus of this investigation. In vitro experiments have been performed using polarized elastic light scattering in combination with tissue autofluorescence in the NIR spectral region under laser excitation in the green and red spectral regions. The experimental results obtained from a set of tissue specimens from 25 patients reveal the presence of optical fingerprint characteristics suitable for cancer detection with high contrast and accuracy. These photonic methods are compatible with existing endoscopic imaging modalities which make them suitable for in-vivo application.
Nothing or the opposite: Intersecting terror management and objective self-awareness.

The human capacity for self-awareness allows people to envision their eventual death and thus creates the potential for debilitating anxiety. Terror management research has shown that self-awareness exacerbates the experience of mortality salience. I suggest that self-awareness alone can induce mortality salience through dialectical thinking. If constructs include a concept and its opposite, then focusing on one aspect should also increase awareness of the opposite. Focusing on the existing object self should thus lead to the recognition of the non-existent self that is implied. In Study 1, participants experienced one of two self-awareness manipulations (exposure to a mirror, perceiving the self as distinctive) or no manipulation; mortality salience was measured using a death-relevant word completion task. Both self-awareness conditions reported significantly higher mortality salience than the control condition. In Study 2, participants exposed to their reflection reported increased death-salience and life-salience (as measured by death- and life-relevant word completion tasks) than a control group, which directly suggests that self-awareness leads people to dialectically consider opposing facets of the self. Terror management and objective self-awareness theories might thus be more intimately tied than was previously thought.
Conductance noise in an out-of-equilibrium two-dimensional electron system

A study of the conductance noise in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in Si at low temperatures ($T$) reveals the onset of large, non-Gaussian noise after cooling from an equilibrium state at a high $T$ with a fixed carrier density ${n}_{s}$. This behavior, which signifies the falling out of equilibrium of the 2DES as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, is observed for ${n}_{s}l{n}_{g}$ (${n}_{g}$ denotes the glass transition density). A protocol where density is changed by a small value $\ensuremath{\Delta}{n}_{s}$ at low $T$ produces the same results for the noise power spectra. However, a detailed analysis of the non-Gaussian probability density functions (PDFs) of the fluctuations reveals that $\ensuremath{\Delta}{n}_{s}$ has a qualitatively different and more dramatic effect than $\ensuremath{\Delta}T$, suggesting that $\ensuremath{\Delta}{n}_{s}$ induces strong changes in the free energy landscape of the system as a result of Coulomb interactions. The results from a third, waiting-time (${t}_{w}$) protocol, where ${n}_{s}$ is changed temporarily during ${t}_{w}$ by a large amount, demonstrate that non-Gaussian PDFs exhibit history dependence and an evolution toward a Gaussian distribution as the system ages and slowly approaches equilibrium. By calculating the power spectra and higher-order statistics for the noise measured over a wide range of the applied voltage bias, it is established that the non-Gaussian noise is observed in the regime of Ohmic or linear response, i.e., that it is not caused by the applied bias.
Research on crack healing in slab during hot rolling

The elongation and the strength of rolled steel are severely affected by cracks in production. Reduction of cracks is important for the improvement of slab quality. In this paper, a series of experiments on internal crack healing in slab during rolling was carried out on the experimental rolling mill. The crack shape and the fracture morphology of the crack healing zones were observed by using the scanning electron microscope, and the shear strength of crack healing zone was tested through the tensile testing machine. With increase of the reduction ratio during rolling, the crack healing degree increases.
Triphasic mitral inflow velocity with middiastolic filling: clinical implications and associated echocardiographic findings

Abstract To explore underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of middiastolic filling, we measured early and late mitral inflow velocities, deceleration time of early mitral inflow velocity, and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E′) recorded by pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography in 3 cardiac cycles of 35 patients with prominent mitral inflow (middiastolic flow velocity ≥ 0.2 m/s). E′ was measured at the septal corner of the mitral annulus by Doppler tissue echocardiography from the apical 4-chamber view and was found to be reduced (E′ 10 in all but 1 patient. Valsalva maneuver unmasked delayed relaxation in 15 (88%) of 17 patients and abolished middiastolic filling in 10 (59%). Triphasic mitral inflow with middiastolic flow is related to elevated filling pressure, delayed myocardial relaxation, and slow heart rate, indicating advanced diastolic dysfunction.
Capability of a polymeric C30 stationary phase to resolve cis-trans carotenoid isomers in reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Abstract A novel polymeric C30 stationary phase was tested for its ability to separate geometric isomers of six common carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene) prepared by photoisomerization of all-trans standards. Resolution and tentative identification of asymmetrical carotenoid isomers yielded the 13-cis, 13′-cis, all-trans, 9-cis, and 9′-cis isomers of both lutein and α-carotene, and the 15-cis, 13-cis/13′-cis, all-trans, 9-cis, and 9′-cis isomers of β-cryptoxanthin. Among symmetrical carotenoids, the 15-cis, 13-cis, all-trans, and 9-cis isomers of both zeaxanthin and β-carotene were resolved and tentatively identified, and nineteen geometric isomers of lycopene were separated. Separations were carried out using Vydac 201TP54 and Suplex pkb-100 stationary phases for comparison; in all cases, the C30 stationary phase gave superior resolution and produced unique separations.
Can immune thrombocytopenia be cured with medical therapy

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults often assumes a chronic course that requires persistent monitoring and treatment. Medical therapy has traditionally been viewed as a means of temporarily raising the platelet count with little or no potential to induce long-term platelet responses off treatment. However, several recent studies have tested the hypothesis that intensive medical therapy administered early in the disease course may ameliorate or even cure ITP. In this review, we propose a biological rationale for medical intervention that simultaneously targets the innate and adaptive immune responses administered early in the course of disease. We also critically examine data on long-term outcomes after single-agent and multi-agent medical therapy. Intensive regimens that target inflammation and adaptive immunity (e.g., combination high-dose dexamethasone and rituximab) appear to improve response rates at 6 to 12 months compared with standard first-line therapy (e.g., prednisone, high-dose dexamethasone alone) in newly diagnosed patients. Controlled trials with extended follow-up are needed to determine whether these intensive regimens induce more cures compared with standard treatment or merely delay relapse at the expense of potentially greater toxicity.
Vigilance, vocalizations, and cryptic behavior at retirement in captive groups of red‐bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

Frequent references are made to presumed antipredator adaptations exhibited by callitrichids, but there are very few systematic investigations of these behaviors. One set of untested presumptions stems from observations that callitrichids become especially vigilant and cryptic prior to retirement each evening. This hypothesis was tested in the current study by quantifying the rates of vocalizations and extragroup behavior at various times of the day. Using two groups of captive red-bellied tamarins, it was demonstrated that these primates do become relatively more quiet and more attentive to the nonsocial environment prior to retirement each evening, culminating in virtual silence once the nest box has been entered. While the adaptive significance of these phenomena has not yet been tested, it is likely that the behaviors reduce vulnerability to predation.