cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of severe prior exercise on assessment of maximal oxygen uptake during one- versus two-legged cycling.

Abstract Physiological responses to consecutive (separated by 7 minutes) continuous type I and two-legged (2L) maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2 max) tests have been studied on 11 male subjects. One-legged cycling tests were conducted as either two consecutive right-legged (R) tests or a left-legged (L) test preceeding an R. It was hypothesized that series R-R would result in greater inhibition of second test performance than series L-R, owing to more rapid attainment of peak muscle lactate accumulation. It was further hypothesized that second test performance with two legs would be more severely restricted than with one leg, owing to reduced cardiac output ([Qdot]) attributable to pooling of blood in immobilized areas. No reductions in [Vdot]O2 max were found from test 1 (T1) to test 2 (T2) in either one-legged series. Performance time was significantly (p < .05) reduced in T2 of each one-legged series; however, no differences were found between T2 tests. Limiting factors associated with T2 performance in ...
Representing Disjunction and Quantifiers in RDF

The advantage of the RDF/DAML+OIL family of languages over ordinary XML is that it is topic-neutral and composable. However, its expressivity is severely limited. This limitation is well known, and the usual remedy is reification, in which RDF is used to describe formulas in a richer language. We propose a method for encoding typed predicate calculus using reification, which handles bound variables cleanly and causes the size to increase by only a constant multiple. The method generalizes to virtually any system, a claim which we illustrate by describing our program, PDDAML, which encodes domain specifications in PDDL using our technique. We argue that reification, while logically suspect, is in practice benign because any algorithm capable of doing inferences using logical notations can be easily extended to "unreify" those notations as needed. We also argue that the ability to represent predicate calculus on the semantic web is crucial.
Reactions of deprotonated ligands — VI

Abstract The reactions that occur between [Pd(en)(en-H)]I and nine electrophilic reactants are described and the nature of the products is interpreted on the basis of analytical and i.r. spectral data.
Comparing transect survey and WSR-88D radar methods for monitoring daily changes in stopover migrant communities

For decades, researchers have successfully used ground-based surveys to understand localized spatial and temporal patterns in stopover habitat use by migratory birds. Recent technological advances with WSR-88D radar now allow such investigations on much broader spatial scales. Both methods are assumed to accuratelyquantifypatternsinmigrantbirdcommunities,yetinformationislackingregardingrelationshipsbetween radar estimates of migration and different ground-based monitoring methods. From 2005 to 2007, we monitored migrant communities on or near two Department of Defense installations in the spring (Ft. Polk Military Complex, LA; U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ) and on two installations in the fall (Ft. Polk Military Complex, LA; Eglin Air Force Base, FL) using both ground-based transect surveys and radar imagery of birds aloft. We modeled daily changes in migrant abundance and positive and negative species turnover measured on the ground as a function of radar estimates of migrant exodus and input densities. Radar data were not significant predictors of any response variable in any season either in the southeastern or southwestern United States, indicating a disparity between the results obtained using different methods. Multiple unique sources of error associated with each technique likely contributed to the conflicting outcomes, and researchers should take great care when selecting monitoring methods appropriate to address research questions, effects of management practices, or when comparing the results of migration studies using different survey techniques. RESUMEN. Comparando censos de transeptos y el mde radar WSR-88D para moni- torear, diariamente, cambios en paradas de comunidades de migratorios Por dlos investigadores han utilizado exitosamente censos terrestres para tratar de entender los cambios espaciales y temporales de migratorios en lugares de paradas. Los recientes avances tecnolcon el radar WSR-88D, permiten, actualmente, este tipo de investigacien una escala espacial mamplia. Se asume, que ambos mindicados cuantifican con precisi´ on los patrones migratorios en comunidades de aves, aunque falta informaci´
Demonstration of a rib optical waveguide with cutoff mesa isolation

In conclusion, a new single-mode cutoff mesa GaAs-AlGaAs rib waveguide has been designed and demonstrated. Using the principle of the cutoff slab waveguide, this waveguide provides singlemode performance regardless of any deep etches that might be used for electrical isolation between integrated electrooptic devices. Single mode operation is achievable with a wide range of rib widths and does not require demanding etch depth tolerances.
Integrated Water Resources Management Curriculum in the United States: Results of a Recent Survey

This paper summarizes the progress of the Corps of Engineers’ Advanced Degree Program in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and the results of a survey that was conducted in the summer of 2006 to solicit feedback on training needs related to IWRM. The survey, which was jointly sponsored by the Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR) and the American Water Resources Association (AWRA), was conducted to capture the views of water resource specialists related to the emerging field of IWRM. Over 600 people responded to the survey, representing a fairly balanced blend of academicians, government officials and consultants. The results suggest that there are often opposing views of what comprises IWRM and the means by which it should be implemented in the U.S. As the survey results suggest, the conduct of IWRM in the U.S. is extremely complex owed in large part to the breadth of issues it faces and the decentralized manner in which practices are governed. The definition of IWRM is problematic in the U.S. due to the wide practices that it encompasses – from scientific monitoring of streams to the dredging of navigable waterways to flood risk reduction measures. Perhaps it is best viewed as a process that strives to balance regional economic growth while achieving wise environmental stewardship. In that sense, water resources management and development is a participatory process involving previously competing interests. In spite of the increased recognition of IWRM, students interested in pursuing a related degree are, for the most part, faced with choosing between the more narrowly defined fields of civil engineering, physical hydrology, economics or environmental science. There are few educational options available that provide an integrative curriculum that touches upon the various types of water resources management objectives in a practical and balanced way. The Advanced Degree Program in IWRM, which has been under development by the Corps of Engineers (www.waterresourceseducation.us), began as a means to educate the Corps’ planning community. It was designed to promote interdepartmental degrees at the graduate level that were specifically geared towards water resource practitioners. The program has been operational for the past four years, but is not proving to be self-sustaining due to its somewhat narrow focus combined with training cutbacks the Corps has experienced within recent years. An expansion of the designed curriculum to address the full range of IWRM objectives could attract a wider range of federal, state, and regional interests beyond the Corps of Engineers. The survey was conducted in order to gauge broad interest on IWRM-related training and to solicit input on what might comprise such a curriculum. The results suggest that there is wide interest in IWRM across all water resource sectors, and that further discourse is warranted to determine how its principles relate to the U.S. experience and how they should be governed.
Melting, dehydration, and the geochemistry of off‐axis plume‐ridge interaction

[1] We present results from a series of two-dimensional numerical experiments in which synthetic melt compositions are calculated for a system in which a thermally buoyant, off-axis mantle plume interacts with a nearby ridge axis. Spatial gradients in synthetic melt properties are compared to observed spatial gradients in geochemistry from the Easter–Salas y Gomez system in an effort to constrain the dynamics of mantle flow in off-axis plume-ridge systems. Results indicate that observed gradients in radiogenic isotopic ratios between the ridge axis and the plume require significant heating of the ambient mantle adjacent to the plume. This heating allows ambient mantle to melt off-axis but also attenuates the flow from the plume to the ridge. When increases in viscosity due to dehydration during melting are considered, spatial gradients in the geochemical properties of synthetic melts become extremely sharp, at odds with the observational data. This may indicate that viscosity increases due to dehydration are not significant in off-axis plume-ridge systems.
Robust adaptive algorithms for active noise and vibration control

Adaptive algorithms are described which simultaneously estimate and track the two transfer functions online. No random noise generator is required. Since both transfer functions are estimated, the resulting adaptive algorithms are much more robust than previous ones in that moving the transducer and/or the actuator around does not affect the performance much. Real-time implementation results for one of the algorithms presented are compared with results obtained using the LMS algorithm. It is found that the performance of the LMS algorithm depends greatly on the number of taps used, whereas the new algorithm is almost unaffected by this factor. This demonstrates the robustness of the new algorithm. >
3-D gaming environment preferences: Inversion of the Y-axis

Differences between preference groups based on the control scheme of the Y-axis or pitch (either default or inverted) in 3-D gaming were explored both with measures of pre-existing traits, as well as reactions to a short gaming session. Participants who preferred to invert the Y-axis controls showed significantly greater overall tendency for immersion than the non-inverters. Similarly, the participants who inverted the Y-axis also reported significantly higher levels of presence in the gaming task than the non-inverter. Finally, when participants' controls in the gaming task were mismatched to their preference, they exhibited significantly higher perceived workload in the gaming task. Implications of these findings focus on determining a basis for differences in the population, and how these differences may impact spatial reasoning and task-specific training, especially in aviation.
Enhanced contrast in electron microscopy of unstained biological material

SUMMARY Electron-optical methods of enhancing contrast are being investigated in order to eliminate the artifacts associated with heavy-metal contrasting procedures. This report gives a quantitative discussion of the application of the strioscopic dark-field method to model biological objects. Beam-stopping apertures were constructed by microwelding fine platinum wires on to platinum objective apertures. These were precisely located and centred in the back focal plane of the objective lens. Contrast was evaluated by a sensitive micro-Faraday cage system. Bright-field and strioscopic contrast of organic layers up to 557 nm thickness were investigated and related to the transition from single to plural scattering. The spherical-aberration phase-contrast contribution could be separated from the amplitude contrast in bright-field microscopy by extrapolation to zero object thickness. Strioscopic contrast of thin layers was found to be much greater than bright field aperture contrast and shown to be non-linear with respect to thickness in the region 0·7–10 nm. For diffraction patterns made up of a few discrete beams the resolution is high, but is considerably less for diffusely scattering and thick objects. Strioscopy may be the method of choice for obtaining contrast of unstained or weakly-stained objects at high acceleration voltage.
The Good in Nature and Humanity: Connecting Science, Religion, and Spirituality with the Natural World: Stephen R. Kellert and Timothy J. Farnham; Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002, 278 pages

Disciplines in the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities are paying attention to the environment in ways they never have in the past. Some disciplines—biology, ecology, environm...
Executive Dysfunction and Functional Impairment Associated With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Emerging Adulthood.

Objective: Research has identified a relationship between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms and symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression; however, no study has controlled for symptoms of ADH...
Computational Aeroacoustics Time-Domain Method Coupled with Adaptive Noise Control Optimizer

A design of an adaptive noise control system using a computational aeroacoustics (CAA) code combined with an optimizer to control adaptively liner impedance is proposed and tested for multidimensional acoustic problems. The adaptive noise control system consists of two primary components, an expert subsystem and a liner with controllable impedance properties. For a current acoustic field due to a noise source and a given mean flow condition, an optimization process is executed by the expert subsystem in search of a set of required impedance parameters that minimize the difference between the current and the desired acoustic fields. The liner properties then can be adjusted adaptively to the required impedance parameters. For a broadband noise source, the feasibility and potential of the design concept on the coupling of a CAA time-domain method with an optimizer are demonstrated by using the three-parameter impedance model of the Helmholtz type.
Operant Conditioning of Cortical Unit Activity

The activity of single neurons in precentral cortex of unanesthetized monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was conditioned by reinforcing high rates of neuronal discharge with delivery of a food pellet. Auditory or visual feedback of unit firing rates was usually provided in addition to food reinforcement. After several training sessions, monkeys could increase the activity of newly isolated cells by 50 to 500 percent above rates before reinforcement.
Praxis pietatis: A tribute to Edward Shils

The preparation of this lecture made me realize once again, and perhaps more clearly than ever, the power of Culture over us. When I was approached last spring about the title of a proposed seminar, I had just returned from a memorial service, held at the University of Chicago, for Professor Edward Shils, a great sociologist who died on January 23 this year, and I immediately said that I would deliver a lecture to honor his memory. Since his life was dedicated to the study of culture, "Culture and Civilization" appeared an appropriate rubric, but I had no idea what I would talk about, which exactly of the many themes in his work I would evoke, or, most importantly, why?what for?was I doing this? After the fact, one can come up with any number of reasons. My reasons might be peda gogical: a discussion of "Culture and Civilization" could not properly proceed without an attempt to understand what?in fact?culture is, to develop a gen eral theory of culture; Edward Shils had developed the thoroughest?the most serious, careful, and searching?such theory. I also might have a personal rea son: Edward Shils was a very important man in my life; his death was a great loss; I have not come to grips with it so far; talking about him makes me feel as if, in a way, I am still talking to him?this lecture, therefore, could have a therapeutic function. But the fact is that these were not the reasons. My decision was not a result of reasoning at all: I simply felt I owed it to this now dead man, who would never know whether I did this or not. I knew this was the right thing to do. It was what Max Weber called a value-rational action, whose reward lay in itself, because it was intrinsically moral. In brief, I was impelled by a force far greater than me, the Culture of which I am a part. Edward Shils died at the age of eighty-four. A month before his death he graded the papers from his last seminar. He was still working on the drafts of his own last essays. He started to write and teach in the 1930s; his career had
Implications of Early Failure of Superficial Femoral Artery Endoluminal Interventions

Although the long-term (>30 days) effects of endoluminal treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease have been well studied, the implications of early (≤30 days) failure are still unclear. We examined the consequences of early failure after endovascular treatment of the SFA. We anticipate that early failure will not be associated with significant morbidity and mortality and will not interfere with surgical bypass options. A prospective database of patients undergoing endovascular treatment of the SFA between 1986 and 2004 was maintained. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Angiograms were reviewed in all cases to assess lesion characteristics and pre- and post procedure runoff. Results were standardized to current Transatlantic Intersociety Consensus (TASC) and Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) criteria. There were 441 limbs in 360 patients (70% male, average age 65 years) that underwent endovascular treatment. There was early failure in 39 procedures (8%). Twenty-nine cases (74%) failed immediately (<24 hr), and 10 cases (26%) failed within the first 30 days following intervention. Factors that predicted failure were TASC category D and preprocedural SVS symptom grade ≥5. The 90-day mortality in the group was 0%, and major morbidity was 4%. No emergent endovascular intervention, bypass, or unplanned amputation occurred within 30 days of these failures. There was no change in the level of amputation or the level of distal anastomosis of a bypass graft as a result of an early failure. Early failure of endoluminal therapy for SFA disease is not associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Options for surgical bypass are not compromised, and the amputation level is not altered. Aggressive endoluminal approaches to SFA disease should be considered as a first-line therapy in all patients.
Tracking in Wide Area Motion Imagery Using Phase Vector Fields

Tracking in wide area motion imagery (WAMI) is extremely complex because of low resolution of targets, low frame rate and a host of other detrimental environmental factors. In this paper, we propose a robust feature-based method to track objects in WAMI data by exploiting local phase and orientation information based on the monogenic signal representation. We present a detailed monogenic space based analysis to develop a robust method to track objects of low resolution in wide area aerial surveillance imagery. By exploiting local phase information at multiple scales, objects in shadows can be tracked. We also propose an efficient technique to make the feature representation of objects rotation invariant by utilizing local orientation of the object region. The proposed technique is shown to be robust in challenging situations that are characteristic of wide area motion imagery. Effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by comparing its performance with dense set of SIFT features and mean shift tracker.
Technology: A fundamental structure?

Because technology plays such an important part in our daily lives, in our businesses, and in government policy, we need to understand it better. But technology has not undergone the elegant simplification that marks the development of most fields of knowledge as they grow to maturity. To achieve simplification we need first to discover the fundamental structure that underpins all technologies. Such a structure may well turn out to be one of the more significant conceptual foundations of the new century. What is the state of knowledge in this area? Beginning with Babbage early in the nineteenth century, many attempts have been made to create such a structure. The history of these attempts is poorly recorded with no well-documented central theme. One approach, called Strategic Technology Analysis (STA), seems to have advanced a little further than most others. It focuses on the intrinsic characteristics of technologies. Based on these characteristics, the field offers a set of frameworks for analyzing individual technological entities as well as entire technological landscapes. These frameworks cover the (1) anatomy, (2) taxonomy, (3) evolution, and (4) ecology of technology. This article traces the development of these frameworks. It recommends that they be scrutinized anew and evaluated as part of a revitalized search for fundamental structure.
Preferential ejection pattern of sputtered KC1

Abstract The sputtering of KCl crystals in an argon plasma has produced well defined spot patterns when surface accumulation of potassium was minimal. 〈112〉 and 〈100〉 spots have resulted from the photon and low energy ion irradiation of the (100) surface.
Automatic Parallelization Techniques for the EM-4

This paper presents a Data-Distributed Execution (DDE) approach that exploits iteration-level parallelism in loops operating over arrays.
High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost for Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Two Different Fractionation Schemes

Purpose This is a retrospective study comparing our experience with high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost for prostate cancer, using two different fractionation schemes, 600 cGy × 3 fractions (patient group 1) and 950 cGy × 2 fractions (patient group 2). Methods and Materials A total of 165 patients were treated for prostate cancer using external beam radiation therapy up to a dose of 45 Gy, followed by an HDR brachytherapy prostate radiation boost. Between July 1997 and Nov 1999, 64 patients were treated with an HDR boost of 600 cGy × 3 fractions; and between June 2000 and Nov 2005, 101 patients were treated with an HDR boost of 950 cGy × 2 fractions. All but 9 patients had at least one of the following risk features: pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >10, a Gleason score ≥7, and/or clinical stage T3 disease. Results Median follow-up was 105 months for group 1 and 43 months for group 2. Patients in group 2 had a greater number of high-risk features than group 1 ( p = 0.02). Adjusted for comparable follow-up, there was no difference in biochemical no-evidence-of-disease (bNED) rate between the two fractionation scheme approaches, with 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of 93.5% in group 1 and 87.3% in group 2 ( p = 0.19). The 5-year estimates of progression-free survival were 86% for group 1 and 83% for group 2 ( p = 0.53). Among high-risk patients, there were no differences in bNED or PFS rate due to fractionation. Conclusions Results were excellent for both groups. Adjusted for comparable follow-up, no differences were found between groups.
Stabilization of cholic acid uptake in primary cultures of hepatocytes by dexamethasone and tocopherol.

Abstract The carrier-mediated transport of cholic acid has been examined in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. The capacity of the cells to concentrate cholate was reduced by 96% between 24 and 72 h in culture. Inclusion of dexamethasone and tocopherol in the medium stabilized this process (resulting in a 2-fold elevation in uptake after 48 h in culture and 3.4-fold elevation after 72 h). Dexamethasone alone had no effect and tocopherol caused a partial stabilization. The two additives completely stabilized bromosulfophthalein uptake for 72 h, which showed a 50% reduction in unsupplemented medium over the same time period. The uptake of cholic acid and bromosulfophthalein was reduced by 98 and 96%, respectively, in a stable, transformed hepatic cell line.
Aspects of three types of hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Some of the chemical and physical properties of three different hydrogels are analyzed as they relate to biological compatibility. The importance of the permeability and diffusion coefficients, porosity, and the possible role of quasiorganized water within the hydrogels are emphasized. It is suggested that the biological environment with its dissolved components such as ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and enzymes will influence the ultimate biological performance of hydrogels. This biological performance will depend not only on the hydrophilicity of the system but on numerous other parameters including the chemical composition, types and number of crosslinks, presence of functional groups, quasi-organized water structure, porosity, and the thermodynamic interaction parameters between the components of the biological environment and the gel. It is suggested that the presence of anionic gorups on certain synthetic hydrogel surfaces may be not essential for blood compatibility, provided that such materials are carefully distinguished from other hydrophilic gels.
Chronic ethanol consumption down-regulates CMP-NeuAc:GM3 α2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia-1) gene in the rat brain

Abstract Alcoholics have an increase in sialic acid-deficient glycoconjugates such as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, sialic acid-deficient gangliosides and free sialic acids. The elevated presence of these asialoconjugates could be a consequence of alcohol-mediated impaired sialylation rate or due to increased desialylation rate. Chronic ethanol-induced brain abnormalities and behavioral changes could be mediated through these asialogangliosides. We have therefore determined the level of brain CMP-NeuAc:GM3 α2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia-1) and Gal-β1,3GalNAc α2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal-11) messenger RNA (mRNA) and correlated with the activity of these key enzymes in male Wistar rats as a function of increasing dietary concentration of ethanol after 8 weeks of feeding. The relative level of brain synaptosomal ST8Sia-1 and ST3Gal-11 mRNA were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the observed ST8Sia-1 gene expression with its enzymatic activity in the synaptosomal membrane fraction isolated from the rat brain in the ethanol and pair-fed control groups. The results showed that the relative level of brain ST8Sia-1 mRNA expression was down-regulated by 13% (p
Synthesis and spectroelectrochemistry of N-cobaltacarborane porphyrin conjugates.

N-Substituted porphyrins are well-known for the distortion they exhibit of the porphyrin plane through the sp3 hybridization of one of the pyrrolenic units. They have served as model compounds in investigations of many biochemical processes. In this paper, we developed an efficient route to N-substituted porphyrins, and report the synthesis of a series of new N-substituted cobaltacarborane−porphyrins containing one or two cobaltabisdicarbollide anions linked by (CH2CH2O)2 chains to either the core porphyrin nitrogens or to a meso-aminophenyl group. These conjugates show different degrees of distortion of the porphyrin macrocycle, which affect their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. In particular, the core N-substituted conjugates show significant fluorescence quenching in comparison with the noncore substituted macrocycles. The X-ray structures of two targeted core N-cobaltacarborane porphyrin conjugates are presented. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of these porphyri...
A New Method for the Measurement in Vitro of Pancreatic Insulin Secretion

When insulin is incubated in a buffered medium with small pieces of pancreatic tissue from the normal rat, it is rapidly destroyed. The lytic substance released by the tissue into the medium destroys both insulin and glucagon, but has no effect upon growth hormone, large protein molecules, or upon insulin which is already bound by antibodies in guinea pig anti-insulin serum (GPAIS). When GPAIS is added to the medium, it traps added or secreted insulin before the lytic substance has time to destroy it. Thus, pancreatic insulin secretion in vitro is estimated from the fall in insulin-binding capacity of known amounts of GPAIS added to the medium at the beginning of incubation. The method appears to be specific, since in the presence of glucose no neutralization of GPAIS occurs using pancreatic tissue from the alloxan-diabetic rat or normal tissue incubated in the presence of mannoheptulose. Insulin secretion is directly related to the weight and size of pieces of incubated tissue, and occurs at a constant r...
Preliminary investigation on the modification of electronic properties in surface passivated SnO2 nanowires with Schottky contacts on being exposed to 137Cs γ-radiation

This paper demonstrates modification of SnO2 nanowire electronic and surface properties at room temperature on being exposed to γ-radiation. Electrons generated by the high energy photons are captured by oxygen sensitized nanowires and result in a change in the nanowire resistance along with an enhancement in the Schottky barrier thereby modulating current flow across the metal-semiconductor (M-S) junction. The time dependent change in device resistance shows a notably short response time to radiation. Further luminescence and transmission data from the irradiated nanowires indicate a change in the nature and density of surface defects after exposure to highly energetic γ-radiation.
Catalysis and surface chemistry: II. Reactions of propylene over reduced molybdena-alumina catalysts

Abstract When cyclopropane was isomerized using a microcatalytic pulse technique over a reduced molybdena-γ-alumina catalyst (0.3 to 1.5 e Mo ), the resulting propene underwent secondary reactions including polymerization, metathesis to ethene and butenes, and hydrogenation (in H2 carrying gas) to propane, ethane, and butane. Isotope exchange also occurred when D2 or cyclopropane-d6 was used. Complementary tracer studies were also made with propene-d0 and D2 using a static recirculation system. The kinds of sites required for the several reactions were classified and estimates made of their concentrations using strongly adsorbed (poison) molecules as probes. Small amounts of CO and NO were effective poisons for hydrogenation and exchange, but not for isomerization or metathesis in these experiments, but some poisoning of isomerization by CO was observed in pulse experiments. H2O, pyridine, and NH3 were less selective, but all of the reactions tested were poisoned. CO2 and N2O were ineffective and O2 appeared to selectively reoxidize the active hydrogenation sites. From the data obtained, it could be estimated that the site concentrations utilized for these reactions were much lower than the measurable parameters such as anion vacancies, Mo4+ or Mo3+ centers, etc; they amounted to no more than a few percent of the Mo present and may have corresponded to multiplet vacancies. The chemisorption of NO and of CO correlated with both the extent of reduction and the vacancy concentration as did hydrogenation and exchange, and these same molecules, when chemisorbed, effectively poisoned these reactions.
The Impact of Job Training Programs on the Reemployment Probability of Dislocated Workers

The Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) of 1982 was enacted with the purpose of helping dislocated workers become reemployed through the provision of job training programs. Using data from the 1984 CPS Displaced Worker Survey, this study analyzes the impact of job training programs on the reemployment probability of dislocated workers. The results suggest that dislocated workers who received classroom training or on-the-job training were more likely to be reemployed. Dislocated workers who received only job search assistance, however, did not benefit from the assistance in terms of higher reemployment probability. In light of the legislative intent of JTPA Title 111 for increasing dislocated workers’ human capital, the results suggest that state JTPA agencies should place more emphasis on the classroom training, which provides basic and job skills to dislocated workers.
084 Expression of MSX1 and Keratins 14 and 19 After Human Fetal Digit Tip Amputation in Vitro

We have developed a human fetal digit model of response to tip amputation to simulate the clinical phenomenon of digit tip regrowth or regeneration in children. We reported previously that younger estimated gestational age (EGA) digits respond to tip amputation with several layers of cells covering the phalangeal anlage, compared to older digits where such coverage comprises fewer cell layers or is absent. The proximal cut end of excised digits does not demonstrate such a response. We report here that the transcription repressor MSX1 is expressed beneath the developing nailfield in younger human fetal digits (57 to 67 days EGA), as has been shown in the mouse, and that cells expressing MSX1 are found at the digit tip by 4 days postamputation. Further, expression of keratins K14 and K19 is found, suggesting reforming of an epithelium. These findings are consistent with the mouse model of digit tip regeneration where MSX1-expressing cells are hypothesized to migrate to the amputation site and reconstitute the missing tip, and with the general observation that a wound epidermis is required for either regeneration or wound healing. 57 d EGA digits; left, MSX1 expression, control; left center, MSX1 and center, K19 expression, day 4 posttip amputation; right center, MSX1 and right, K19 expression, day 7 postamputation
Effect of barium loading on the desulfation of Pt-BaO/Al2O3 studied by H2 TPRX, TEM, sulfur K-edge XANES, and in situ TR-XRD.

Desulfation processes were investigated over sulfated Pt-BaO/Al2O3 with different barium loading (8 and 20 wt %) by using H2 temperature programmed reaction (TPRX), transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) techniques. Both sulfated samples (8 and 20 wt %) form sulfate species (primarily BaSO4) as evidenced by S K-edge XANES and in situ TR-XRD. However, the desulfation behavior is strongly dependent on the barium loading. Sulfated Pt-BaO(8)/Al2O3, consisting predominantly of surface BaO/BaCO3 species, displays more facile desulfation by H2 at lower temperatures than sulfated Pt-BaO(20)/Al2O3, a material containing primarily bulk BaO/BaCO3 species. Therefore, after desulfation with H2 up to 1073 K, the amount of the remaining sulfur species on the former, mostly as BaS, is much less than that on the latter. This suggests that the initial morphology diff...
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MASTERY LEARNING/MODULAR CURRICULUM IN NURSE‐MIDWIFERY EDUCATION

A survey of all nurse-midwifery programs in operation during 1987 was designed to answer the questions: (1) to what extent were elements of mastery learning being implemented in nurse-midwifery programs, and (2) were there patterns of implementation associated with particular organizational characteristics of the programs. Mastery learning was introduced in nurse-midwifery education in 1972; in this study elements of mastery learning were found to be widely implemented in both mastery and non-mastery learning programs. Data about organizational characteristics of the programs revealed them to be homogeneous in several respects. There were no important differences in implementation of elements of mastery learning associated with the organizational characteristics studied.
Physics of Electromigration

This survey paper on electromigration describes factors which govern the rate of electromigration and therefore relate to the lifetime of conductors stressed at high current density. These include the type of metal conductor, the conductor cross sectional area, lattice, grain boundary and surface diffusion effects, the addition of alloying elements, temperature and current density as well as the thermal conductivity of the substrate. The effect of gradients in temperature, current density, conductor composition and grain size on conductor lifetime are also discussed.
Reasoning about real-time statecharts in the presence of semantic variations

This paper describes a framework that allows for reasoning about and verification of concurrent statecharts with real-time constraints subject to semantic variations. The major problems addressed by this paper include the capture of multiple semantic variations of real-time statecharts, and the use of the resulting semantics for further analysis. Our solution is based on a theoretical framework involving a two-dimensional temporal logic that is used to independently capture flow of control through statecharts as well as flow of time. The independence of these dimensions, along with the high-level nature of temporal logic allows for simple adaptation to alternate semantics of statecharts as well as real-time models. The paper defines our logic, shows how the semantics of real-time statecharts can be expressed in this formalism, and describes our tools for capturing and reasoning about these semantics. The underlying goal is the formal analysis of real-time software behavior in a way that captures designer intentions.
Surfing downhill: when should population range expansion be characterized by reductions in fitness?

Deleterious mutations are found in all populations. Their existence at low frequencies is easily understood, but explaining how they reach high frequencies has long been a challenging problem for population geneticists and evolutionary biologists. Some cases of apparently deleterious alleles are explained by pleiotropy or environmental context dependence, but for universally deleterious alleles, two mechanisms are generally invoked to explain how they can reach high frequencies: (i) genetic drift in small populations and (ii) ‘hitchhiking’ (sensu Maynard Smith J, Haigh J, Genetical Research, 1974, 23, 23–35) involving tight linkage to beneficial mutations. However, these oft‐cited explanations do not immediately resolve the problem because many real populations of interest have population sizes and recombination rates that are large enough to render it nearly impossible for all but the most weakly deleterious (i.e. nearly neutral) mutations to establish and persist. Furthermore, both mechanisms are usually silent about patterns of intraspecific variation in mutation load. In this issue, Peischl S, Dupanloup I, Kirkpatrick M, Excoffier L (Molecular Ecology, 2013) develop and explore a mechanism that puts drift and hitchhiking of deleterious mutations into a specific spatial and demographic context: range expansions. Importantly, their findings provide a plausible explanation for puzzling empirical patterns, such as the paradoxical observation that genotypes at the leading edge of a range expansion are sometimes less fit than those in the ancestral range (when fitness is assessed in a common environment).
Applications of complementary tri-stimulus colorimetry—IV: Investigation of a tartrate complex containing both copper and aluminium

Abstract The theory of complementary tri-stimulus colorimetry has been extended and applied to the study of equilibria. A mixed complex containing copper, aluminium and tartrate has been studied. The mixed complex is more stable than the tartrate complexes of the individual metals and is even formed in solutions containing more tartrate than is necessary to form the single complexes. Formation of the mixed complex is slow, as is its reaction with other complex-forming substances, and it is accompanied by the release of hydroxyl ions. The pH range of existence of the mixed complex has been determined and its composition has been investigated.
Deep Imaging: the next frontier in microscopy

The microscope is the quintessential tool for discovery in cell biology. From its earliest incarnation as a tool to make the unseen visible, microscopes have been at the center of most revolutionizing developments in cell biology, histology and pathology. Major quantum leaps in imaging involved the dramatic improvements in resolution to see increasingly smaller structures, methods to visualize specific molecules inside of cells and tissues, and the ability to peer into living cells to study dynamics of molecules and cellular structures. The latest revolution in microscopy is Deep Imaging—the ability to look at very large numbers of samples by high-throughput microscopy at high spatial and temporal resolution. This approach is rooted in the development of fully automated high-resolution microscopes and the application of advanced computational image analysis and mining methods. Deep Imaging is enabling two novel, powerful approaches in cell biology: the ability to image thousands of samples with high optical precision allows every discernible morphological pattern to be used as a read-out in large-scale imaging-based screens, particularly in conjunction with RNAi-based screening technology; in addition, the capacity to capture large numbers of images, combined with advanced computational image analysis methods, has also opened the door to detect and analyze very rare cellular events. These two applications of Deep Imaging are revolutionizing cell biology.
Determination of gold in copper-bearing sulphide ores and metallurgical flotation products by atomic-absorption spectrometry.

Abstract A method is described which is specific for the determination of gold in sulphide copper ores and concentrates. Direct decomposition with aqua regia was found to be incomplete. A carefully controlled roasting stage followed by treatment with hydrochloric acid and then aqua regia was effective for dissolving all the gold. The gold is extracted into 4-methylpentan-2-one (methyli-sobutylketone) then aspirated into a very lean air—acetylene flame and the gold determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry. No interferences were observed from large concentrations of copper, iron or nickel.
On the Understanding of Chaos in Duffings Equation Including a Comparison With Experiment

Etude de la dynamique d'une poutre flambee, pour le probleme des valeurs initiales et une excitation externe forcee. On analyse principalement les oscillations choatiques dues a l'excitation forcee
Ormosil thin films for chemical sensing platforms

Organically modified silicate (ormosil) sol-gel thin films have many advantages over their inorganic sol-gel and polymeric counterparts for sensing applications. The addition of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-based gels creates a film with much greater hydrophobicity and less cracking due to replacement of hydroxyl groups by non-hydrolyzable methyl groups. The more hydrophobic thin film is advantageous in oxygen sensing applications, since it allows only gaseous interaction with the sensing element, and liquid infiltration into the gel is minimized. Organic modification of the gels is found to increase the degree of fluorescence quenching in dip-coated films, as evidenced by fluorescence lifetime measurements, due to the more open structure of the ormosil. However, hydrophilicity can still be obtained in the ormosil thin films by adding smaller amounts of MTMS and greater amounts of TEOS. This creates a partially hydrophilic film which still maintains a low degree of cracking due to the MTMS addition. Hydrophilic films are much desired in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide sensing applications, where liquid interaction with the gel matrix itself is necessary for proper protonation and deprotonation reactions. While TEOS-based spin-coated thin films have been shown to quench more poorly with additions of MTMS, it is found that low levels of organic modification will prevent cracking of the spun films while still maintaining a very high degree of fluorescence quenching. Hence, ormosil thin films have strong potential in a wide array of chemical, biochemical, and environmental sensing applications.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Amorphous metal-aluminophosphate catalysts for aldol condensation of n-heptanal and benzaldehyde to jasminaldehyde

Abstract Amorphous aluminophosphate (AlP) and metal-aluminophosphates (MAlPs, where M = 2.5 mol% Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ce, or Zr) were prepared by coprecipitation method. Their surface properties and catalytic activity for the synthesis of jasminaldehyde through the aldol condensation of n -heptanal and benzaldehyde were investigated. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that the microporosity exhibited by the aluminophosphate was changed to a mesoporous and macroporous structure which depended on the metal incorporated, with a concomitant change in the surface area. Temperature-programmed desorption of NH 3 and CO 2 revealed that the materials possessed both acidic and basic sites. The acidic strength of the material was either increased or decreased depending on the nature of the metal. The basicity was increased compared to AlP. All the materials were X-ray amorphous and powder X-ray diffraction studies indicated the absence of metal oxide phases. The Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of phosphate groups and also the absence of any M-O moieties in the materials. The selected organic reaction occurred only in the presence of the AlP and MAlPs. The selectivity for the jasminaldehyde product was up to 75% with a yield of 65%. The best conversion of n -heptanal with a high selectivity to jasminaldehyde was obtained with FeAlP as the catalyst, and this material was characterized to have less weak acid sites and more basic sites.
Characterization of commercial EB-PVD TBC systems with CVD (Ni,Pt)Al bond coatings

Abstract Failure of electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with aluminide bond coats is strongly influenced by bond coat oxidation behavior. This study investigated oxide (Al2O3) formation during EB-PVD processing of TBCs with (Ni,Pt)Al bond coats. The effects of substrate composition, coating impurities and bond-coat grit-blasting on the oxide phases, residual stress and microstructure were evaluated. As-deposited, high-purity commercial bond coats contained high concentrations of sulfur and other impurities at their surfaces. Numerous small voids formed at the oxide–metal interface when as-deposited bond coats were oxidized during EB-PVD processing. Grit-blasting of (Ni,Pt)Al had a significant impact, since the formation of α-Al2O3 during EB-PVD processing was significantly enhanced and voids did not form beneath the scale. Preliminary cyclic oxidation testing suggested an influence of superalloy sulfur content on TBC durability.
Impact of detector efficiency and energy resolution on gamma-ray background rejection in mobile spectroscopy and imaging systems

Abstract The presence of gamma-ray background significantly reduces detection sensitivity when searching for radioactive sources in the field, and the systematic variability in the background will limit the size and energy resolution of systems that can be used effectively. An extensive survey of the background was performed using both sodium iodide and high-purity germanium. By using a bivariate negative binomial model for the measured counts, these measurements can be resampled to simulate the performance of a detector array of arbitrary size and resolution. The response of the system as it moved past a stationary source was modeled for spectroscopic and coded aperture imaging algorithms and used for source injection into the background. The performance of both techniques is shown for various sizes and resolutions, as well as the relative performance for sodium iodide and germanium. It was found that at smaller detector sizes or better energy resolution, spectroscopy has higher detection sensitivity than imaging, while imaging is better suited to larger or poorer resolution detectors.