cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Throwing Mechanics With Elbow Valgus Load in Adult Baseball Pitchers

BackgroundStudies have shown that various biomechanical factors affect valgus extension overload during baseball pitching; yet, their relationships are not clearly defined, and factors such as trunk rotation and arm slot have not been investigated.HypothesisThe onset of trunk rotation, with other biomechanical variables that define sequential body motion, will significantly predict elbow valgus loading.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsSixty-nine adult baseball players pitched off an indoor mound during 3-dimensional motion analysis to measure whole body kinematics and kinetics at 240 Hz. Thirteen biomechanical variables were calculated and extracted for regression analysis to investigate their associations with elbow valgus load. A 2-way analysis of variance compared valgus torques between pitchers with 2 onsets of trunk rotation (before and after front-foot contact) and 2 arm slot positions (overhand and sidearm).ResultsSix biomechanical variables had significant correlations (P < .02) wit...
Functional Background Identity, Diversity, and Individual Performance in Cross-Functional Teams

This study's examination of demography, personal, and social identity related to functional background offers insights about individuals' performance in cross-functional teams. We considered both the interaction between identity and dissimilarity with other team members and the interaction between identity and membership in a team's minority or majority. In explaining the relationship between identity and an individual's performance as a cross-functional team member, minority/majority membership interacted significantly with identity, but actual degree of dissimilarity did not.
Three-pore model predictions of 24-hour automated peritoneal dialysis therapy using bimodal solutions

BackgroundRecently, bimodal peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions containing low concentrations of Na have been shown to increase 24-hour ultrafiltration (UF) or UF efficiency (UF volume per gram of c...
Heparins, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins, and Pentasaccharides

Elderly patients require special consideration when administered anticoagulants because of age-related alterations in renal function, protein binding, and increased bleeding risk. Unfractionated heparin can be used in most patients but difficulties with dosing and monitoring often lead to inadequate anticoagulation. Low-molecular-weight heparin has more predictable pharmacokinetics than conventional heparin, but requires dose adjustments in renal impairment and obesity. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide that is being used increasingly for both treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. The immune-mediated form of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a syndrome with thrombocytopenia or thrombosis in the setting of heparin use. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia must be identified early, and treated with argatroban or lepirudin to avoid life-threatening complications.
Generalization of the Weibull distribution: the odd Weibull family

A three-parameter generalization of the Weibull distribution is presented to deal with general situations in modeling survival process with various shapes in the hazard function. This generalized W...
Transcription regulation of alpha B-crystallin in astrocytes: analysis of HSF and AP1 activation by different types of physiological stress

The coordinated cellular responses to physiological stress are known to be effected in part by the activation of heat-shock factor 1, a transcriptional activator protein capable of binding to, and inducing transcription from genes containing heat shock elements. Other stress responsive signal transduction pathways also exist including the stress activated protein kinase cascade that regulates the activity of the transcription factor AP1. We have examined the expression of the low molecular stress proteins, heat shock protein 27 and alpha B-crystallin in astrocytes in response to physiological stress of different types and asked what component of this induction is effected at the transcriptional level and whether activation of heat shock factor 1 and AP1 might account for these events. We have found that stress regulated induction of alpha B-crystallin has a strong transcriptional component and that it may be effected by at least two different transcriptional mechanisms. In one set of phenomena, represented here by cadmium exposure, alpha B-crystallin and heat shock protein 27 are coordinately regulated and this occurs in the presence of activated heat shock factor 1. In the second series of phenomena, represented here by hypertonic stress, alpha B-crystallin is induced in the absence of heat shock factor activation and in the absence of any corresponding change in heat shock protein 27 expression. Although hypertonic stress does activate an AP1-like binding activity, the AP1 consensus binding site in the alpha B-crystallin promoter does not appear to be a target for this hypertonic stress inducible activity. These data suggest that the hypertonic stress response is effected through a heat shock factor independent mechanism and that hypertonic stress regulated induction of alpha B-crystallin does not directly depend on the SAPK pathway and AP1 activity.
Amino-terminated diamond surfaces: Photoelectron emission and photocatalytic properties

Abstract We report a new approach to making stable negative electron-affinity diamond surfaces by terminating diamond with amino groups (also known as amine groups, —NH 2 ). Previous studies have shown that negative electron affinity can be induced by terminating diamond surfaces with hydrogen, creating a surface dipole favorable toward electron emission. Here, we demonstrate that covalent tethering of positive charges in the form of protonated amino groups, —NH 3 + , also leads to negative electron affinity (NEA) and facile electron emission into vacuum and into water. Amino-terminated diamond was prepared using a very mild plasma discharge. Valence-band photoemission studies of the amino-terminated diamond samples show a characteristic “NEA” peak, demonstrating that the amino-terminated surface has NEA. Diamond's ability to emit electrons into water was evaluated using photochemical conversion of N 2 to NH 3. Time-resolved surface photovoltage studies were used to characterize charge separation at the diamond interface, and Mott–Schottky measurements were performed to characterize band-bending at the diamond–water interface. XPS studies show that the amino-terminated surfaces provide increased chemical resistance to oxidation compared with H-terminated diamond when illuminated with ultraviolet light.
Modeling Premixed and Direct Injection SI Engine Combustion Using the G-Equation Model

A level set G-equation model has been developed to model the combustion process in spark ignition engines. The spark ignition process was modeled using an improved version of the Discrete Particle Ignition Kernel (DPIK) model. The two models were implemented into the KIVA-3V code to simulate SI engine combustion under both premixed and direct injection conditions. In the ignition model, the ignition kernel growth is tracked by Lagrangian markers, and spark discharge energy and flow turbulence effects on the kernel growth are considered. Once the ignition kernel grows to a size where the turbulent flame is fully developed, the G-equation model is used to track the mean turbulent flame evolution. When combined with a characteristic time scale combustion model, the models were also used to simulate stratified combustion in DISI engines, where the triple flame structure must be considered. It is shown that, by ignoring the detailed turbulent flame brush structure, fine numerical resolution is not required, thus making the models suitable for use in multidimensional modeling of SI engine combustion. The models were applied to a homogenous charge SI engine using propane fuel. Good agreement with experimental cylinder pressure and NOx data was obtained as a function of ignition timing, engine speed and EGR level. In addition, reasonably good agreement was also obtained when the models were coupled with a hollow cone spray model to simulate the combustion process in a direct-injection gasoline engine.
Anesthesia Challenges for the Difficult and Critical Neonatal Airway

Anesthesia can be a significant stress on the neonate and infant with underlying airway disorders whether they have been recognized or unanticipated. This stress may be further compounded at induction or maintenance of anesthesia for the neonate and infant with underlying, underappreciated lung disease. For the patients with anticipated airway issues, this usually is not a problem; however, for the unanticipated issues that may only present during time of anesthesia, these situations can turn into a potential crisis and call for the immediate delivery of specialized equipment and personnel. Specialized training of personnel, implementation of decision algorithms, and acquisition of appropriate equipment are institutional elements that are essential in facilitating the optimal care of the neonate or infant with a difficult airway.
Total Proton-Proton Cross Section at s 1 2 = 30 TeV

We have measured the proton-air inelastic cross section at ${s}^{\frac{1}{2}}=30$ TeV by observing the distribution of extensive-air-shower maxima as a function of atmospheric depth. This distribution has an exponential tail whose slope is $\ensuremath{\lambda}=72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9$ g ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ which implies that ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{air}}^{\mathrm{inel}}=530\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}66$ mb. Using Glauber theory and assuming that the elastic-scattering slope parameter $b$ is proportional to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{pp}}^{\mathrm{tot}}$, we infer a value of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{pp}}^{\mathrm{tot}}=120\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ mb which lies between a $logs$ and a ${log}^{2}s$ extrapolation of the total $\mathrm{pp}$ cross section as measured at lower energies.
The US Supreme Court and the Modern Common Law Approach

This book studies the US Supreme Court and its current common law approach to judicial decision making from a national and transnational perspective. The Supreme Court's approach appears detached from and inconsistent with the underlying fundamental principles that ought to guide it, which often leads to unfair and inefficient results. This book suggests the adoption of a judicial decision-making model that proceeds from principles and rules, using them as premises for developing consistent unitary theories to meet current social conditions. This model requires that judicial opinions be informed by a wide range of considerations, including established legal standards, the insights derived from deductive and inductive reasoning, the lessons learned from history and custom, and an examination of the social and economic consequences of the decision.
Effect of surfactant type and redox polymer type on single-walled carbon nanotube modified electrodes.

Electrodes modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) offer a number of attractive properties for developing novel electrochemical sensors. A common method to immobilize SWNTs onto the electrode surface is by placing a droplet of a SWNT suspension onto the electrode surface and allowing the solvent to evaporate. In order to maximize the properties of individual SWNTs, surfactants are normally present in these suspensions to provide stable and homogeneous SWNT dispersions. In this study we investigated the effect of different surfactants on the electrochemical and enzymatic performance of SWNT modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). Amperometic biosensors for glucose were fabricated by a two-step procedure. In the first step, SWNT films were deposited onto GCEs by solution casting suspensions of SWNTs in water, Triton X-100, Tween 20, sodium cholate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS). In the second step, hydrogels containing a redox polymer and the enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), were de...
Lessons Learned in Evaluating a Multisite, Comprehensive Teen Dating Violence Prevention Strategy: Design and Challenges of the Evaluation of Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Teen Relationships.

Objective This paper describes the multisite, longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design of the evaluation of the Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Relationships initiative, and discusses challenges faced in conducting this evaluation. Method Health departments in 4 communities are partnering with middle schools in high-risk, urban communities to implement 2 models of teen dating violence (TDV) prevention over 4 years. Schools were randomized to receive either the Dating Matters comprehensive strategy or the "standard of care" strategy (an existing, evidence-based TDV prevention curriculum). Our design permits comparison of the relative effectiveness of the comprehensive and standard of care strategies. Multiple cohorts of students from 46 middle schools are surveyed in middle school and high school, and parents and educators from participating schools are also surveyed. Results Challenges discussed in conducting a multisite RCT include site variability, separation of implementation and evaluation responsibilities, school retention, parent engagement in research activities, and working within the context of high-risk urban schools and communities. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our approaches to these challenges in the hopes of informing future research. Conclusions Despite multiple challenges, the design of the Dating Matters evaluation remains strong. We hope this paper provides researchers who are conducting complex evaluations of behavioral interventions with thoughtful discussion of the challenges we have faced and potential solutions to such challenges.
Prefoveal Vitreous Condensation in Chronic Inflammation

Uveitis can produce a host of signs throughout the eye. Cylinders, snowballs, condensations, and snowbanks in the vitreous have been described. The authors report two cases of chronic ocular inflammation with a novel sign of a prefoveal white vitreous condensation. One patient is a 6-year-old child with intermediate uveitis and positive results for PPD, and the second is a 65-year-old woman with bilateral recurrent intraocular lymphoma. Both cases responded well to vitrectomy and treatment of the inflammation.
Are you overpaying your academic executive team? A method for detecting unmerited academic executive compensation

University tuition fees and student debt have risen in part due to rapid expansion of university administration compensation. This study provides a novel methodology for detecting inappropriate executive compensation within universities. The usefulness of academic ideas is openly ranked using the h-index. By comparing the ratio of academic executive pay to their h-index a dollar per value of academic impact can be found. If the university compensation system is appropriately calibrated, the impact/$ increases with faculty rank and continues to improve into the executive team. Analysis is provided for vice presidents of research of the ten largest state universities in America. The results suggest that 50% of these public universities are overcompensating their executives. A case study is presented of the most egregious discrepancy around compensation of >$3.1 million/year. The methodology was shown to be a quick and inexpensive way to ascertain if further investigation is necessary at an individual univer...
The Effects of a Supplemental Explicit Counting Intervention for Preschool Children

Counting skills are foundational for young children to build number concepts in mathematics. Multitiered instruction that involves core instruction as well as supplemental interventions is implemented to support young children in the learning process and promote early intervention of basic skills. Researchers show that explicit instruction is successful in teaching students in preschool. More research needs to be conducted on brief explicit mathematic interventions that target the skill of counting and are supplemental to preschool mathematics core instruction. In this study, researchers examine the effects of using explicit instruction as an intervention to teach counting skills for four children who were at risk for mathematics difficulties or who received special education services for developmental delay in an inclusive preschool setting. The researchers find a functional relation for a 15-minute supplemental explicit intervention and counting skills. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
Design of Transient Earth Voltage Sensor for Partial Discharge Monitoring

This paper introduces a design of the transient earth voltage sensor based on the logarithmic detection method in allusion to partial discharge online detection.The sensor is integrated designed,which includes the coupling capacitance,the front signal conditioning and the sensor housing.The paper focuses on the selection of the coupling capacitor plate size,the front signal conditioning circuit design,shielding design of the sensor housing and ergonomic design,and sets up an experiment to test the sensor performance.
More and sooner, but not necessarily better.

Critically ill children have generalized nutrition compromise. The timing of parenteral nutrition (PN) initiation has been under debate in both adults and children. A recent report of a multi-national randomized control trial in children demonstrated clinical superiority of delaying initiation of parental nutrition, and was associated with improved clinical outcomes and a lower rate of infection. In this editorial, we discuss our communication with the authors and our experience in a large cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) in the United States where improved nutrition delivery, and early PN, has improved weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) but has not shown any difference in length of hospital stay or reduced ventilator times.
U-MOSFET Structure

As discussed in the previous chapter, the first power MOSFET structure commercially introduced by the power semiconductor industry was the double-diffused or D-MOSFET structure. The specific on-resistance of the D-MOSFET devices designed for low blocking voltages was found to be constrained by the significant channel resistance due to the low channel density and the JFET region contribution.
Intraoperative cerebral oxygenation, oxidative injury, and delirium following cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Delirium affects 20–30% of patients after cardiac surgery and is associated with increased mortality and persistent cognitive decline. Hyperoxic reperfusion of ischemic tissues increases oxidative injury, but oxygen administration remains high during cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis that intraoperative hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion is associated with increased postoperative delirium and that oxidative injury mediates this association. Methods We prospectively measured cerebral oxygenation with bilateral oximetry monitors in 310 cardiac surgery patients, quantified intraoperative hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion by measuring the magnitude of cerebral oxygenation above baseline after any ischemic event, and assessed patients for delirium twice daily in the ICU following surgery using the confusion assessment method for ICU (CAM-ICU). We examined the association between hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion and postoperative delirium, adjusted for the extent of cerebral hypoxia, the extent of cerebral hyperoxia prior to any ischemia, and additional potential confounders and risk factors for delirium. To assess oxidative injury mediation, we examined the association between hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion and delirium after further adjusting for plasma levels of F 2 -isoprostanes and isofurans at baseline and ICU admission, the association between hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion and these markers of oxidative injury, and the association between these markers and delirium. Results Ninety of the 310 patients developed delirium following surgery. Every 10%·hour of intraoperative hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion was independently associated with a 65% increase in the odds of delirium (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.12–2.44]; P=0.01). Hyperoxia prior to ischemia was also independently associated with delirium (1.10 [1.01–1.19]; P=0.02), but hypoxia was not (1.12 [0.97–1.29]; P=0.11). Increased hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion was associated with increased concentrations of F 2 -isoprostanes and isofurans at ICU admission, increased concentrations of these markers were associated with increased delirium, and the association between hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion and delirium was weaker after adjusting for these markers of oxidative injury. Conclusions Intraoperative hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion was associated with increased postoperative delirium, and increased oxidative injury following hyperoxic cerebral reperfusion may partially mediate this association. Further research is needed to assess the potential deleterious role of cerebral hyper-oxygenation during surgery.
The Role of Risk Stratification in the Decision to Provide Upstream Versus Selective Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors for Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Objectives We endeavored to determine under what conditions a strategy of upstream use of small molecule platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors for all acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients is cost effective compared to that of selective use of abciximab in only those patients requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background Small molecule GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors have shown benefit in ACS, but abciximab, the more expensive GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor, may be more effective during PCI. However, abciximab does not have proven efficacy in medical management. No prior study has attempted to balance these competing benefits. Methods A decision analysis was performed to examine two strategies: 1) treat all ACS patients upstream with a small molecule GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor and continue through medical management and PCI, if performed; or 2) wait, and selectively use abciximab only in patients who ultimately undergo PCI. Applicable randomized controlled trial data were used for the principal analysis. Results The strategy of upstream use of a small molecule GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor was superior to selective use, and economically acceptable, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $18,000 per year of life gained. The superiority of the upstream use strategy persisted over the majority of sensitivity analyses. When stratified by risk according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score, a strategy of upstream use was only cost effective in those patients with moderate or high risk. Conclusions Upstream use of small molecule GP IIb/IIIa inhibition in ACS patients with moderate or high risk for cardiovascular events is a cost-effective approach that should be considered in this subset of patients.
Contextualizing construction accident reports in virtual environments for safety education

Safety education is important in the construction industry. While research has been done on virtual environments for construction safety education, there is no set method for effectively contextualizing safety information and engaging students. In this research, we study the design of virtual environments to represent construction accident reports provided by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA). We looked at different designs to contextualize the report data through space, visuals, and text. Users can explore the environment and interact through immersive virtual reality to learn more about a particular accident.
Exome sequencing reveals novel genetic loci influencing obesity-related traits in Hispanic children

Objective To perform whole exome sequencing in 928 Hispanic children and identify variants and genes associated with childhood obesity. Methods Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified from Illumina whole exome sequencing data using integrated read mapping, variant calling, and an annotation pipeline (Mercury). Association analyses of 74 obesity-related traits and exonic variants were performed using SeqMeta software. Rare autosomal variants were analyzed using gene-based association analyses, and common autosomal variants were analyzed at the SNV level. Results (1) Rare exonic variants in 10 genes and 16 common SNVs in 11 genes that were associated with obesity traits in a cohort of Hispanic children were identified, (2) novel rare variants in peroxisome biogenesis factor 1 (PEX1) associated with several obesity traits (weight, weight z score, BMI, BMI z score, waist circumference, fat mass, trunk fat mass) were discovered, and (3) previously reported SNVs associated with childhood obesity were replicated. Conclusions Convergence of whole exome sequencing, a family-based design, and extensive phenotyping discovered novel rare and common variants associated with childhood obesity. Linking PEX1 to obesity phenotypes poses a novel mechanism of peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism underlying the development of childhood obesity.
Evaluating medical and systemic factors related to maternal and neonatal mortality at Nyakahanga Hospital in north-western Tanzania

Background: This study examined maternal morbidity and mortality and neonatal mortality over a multi-year period from de-identified retrospective medical records at Nyakahanga Designated District Hospital in north-western Tanzania. The study aimed to examine factors related to maternal mortality (MMR) and morbidity in women who deliver their babies at the hospital, assess neonatal mortality of full-term infants, and analyse health care response to mother and neonate after admission. Methods: Information from hospital obstetric logs was analysed and relationships explored for obstetric outcomes including maternal deaths and complications, neonatal status, and types of delivery for 55.5 months during 2009-2014. Results: Results indicate that this rural hospital has achieved noteworthy improvement in their maternal mortality with MMR approximating the national average despite ongoing gaps in staffing needs. The majority of deliveries are under the age of 25 and a first or second pregnancy. Reported maternal complications are equivalent to global averages although some, i.e. uterine rupture, may be related to delays in obstetric delivery. Despite improvements in maternal mortality, neonatal mortality is elevated relative to Tanzania averages, particularly in caesarean sections. Neonatal deaths are positively related to maternal age. Conclusion: Since this hospital is an emergency obstetric referral centre, obstetric clients frequently arrive after prolonged labour and foetal distress is common, partially explaining the elevated caesarean section rate and perinatal death rate. Hospital initiatives are underway to provide more rapid response in these scenarios. In addition, it is recommended that since antenatal attendance is high, initiatives be expanded to educate multiparous and older women on seeking skilled care upon onset of labour or at the sign of any complications.
Cytokine Synergy in Immunotherapy

The normal function of the immune system involves a myriad of synergistic interactions among cytokines of many types (e.g. lymphokines, monokines and thymic hormones). It seems then eminently logical that efforts to modify immune function with exogenous cytokines should involve the employment of combinations. It will be the intent of this chapter to summarize our recent efforts to employ combination therapy to restore and direct the thymus-dependent T cell system.
CD56negCD16+ NK cells are mature NK cells generated from CD56+CD16+ NK cells during HIV-1 infection (P4438)

A subset of CD3negCD56negCD16+ Natural Killer (NK) cells is highly expanded during chronic HIV-1 infection, and the role of this subset in HIV-1 pathogenesis remains unclear. The lack of NK cell lineage-specific markers has complicated the study of minor NK cell subpopulations. Using CD7 as an additional NK cell marker, we found that CD3negCD56negCD16+ cells are a mixed population of CD7+ NK cells and CD7neg myeloid cells. CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells are significantly expanded in HIV-1 infection. CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells are mature and express KIRs, NKG2A, NKG2C, and natural cytotoxicity receptors similar to CD7+CD56+CD16+ cells. CD7+CD56neg NK cells in healthy donors produced minimal IFNg following K562 target cell or IL-12 plus IL-18 stimulation; however, they did degranulate in response to K562 cells similar to CD7+CD56+ NK cells. HIV-1 infection resulted in reduced IFNg secretion following K562 or cytokine stimulation by both NK cell subsets compared to healthy donors. Decreased granzyme B and perforin expression and increased expression of CD107a in the absence of stimulation, particularly in HIV-1-infected subjects, suggests that CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells may have recently engaged target cells. CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells have increased expression of the aging-related cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16/INK4a and p21/Waf1. Taken together, CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells appear to be mature NK cells generated from chronic target engagement.
Communication about geriatric assessment domains in advanced cancer settings: "Missed opportunities".

Abstract Objectives Older patients with advanced cancer often have age-related health issues (e.g., memory impairment) that influence their cancer treatment decisions. Communication about these age-related concerns can potentially lead to further assessment and subsequent clinical interventions to improve treatment decision-making and patients' quality of life. Yet, little is known about the communication of age-related concerns between oncologists, patients, and caregivers. Materials and Methods This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Values and Options in Cancer Care (VOICE) study. Audio-recorded and transcribed outpatient clinical oncology encounters with 37 patients with advanced cancer ≥60 years of age were content-analyzed. Two trained coders used a structured coding scheme based on pre-specified geriatric assessment (GA) domains to examine the transcripts for the frequency and quality of communication about age-related concerns. Atlas.ti version 6 was used for all analyses. Results The median age of the patients was 66 years (range = 60–90 years); patients were mostly female (26/37), married (22/37), and White (36/37). Out of 37 audio-recorded visits, 31 had at least one mention of an age-related concern with a total of 70 mentions. Oncologists initiated communication about age-related concerns half of the time (53%). When age-related concerns were mentioned, half of the time (50%) the oncologist did not implement further evidence-based interventions to address the age-related concern (e.g., conduct a cognitive screen for a memory concern). Conclusion Interventions are needed to improve the frequency and quality of the communication about age-related concerns to improve the care of older adults with cancer.
'Grip and Drop' Physical Education to Promote Independent Participation for Children with Low-Incidence Disabilities.

This article provides a useful activity for adapted physical educators to use when programming for students with low-incidence disabilities. The goal of the activity is to promote movement that is ...
HIV Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Development Challenges and Pipeline Promise

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved oral daily tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada) for pre-exposure prophylaxis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 2012 on the basis of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one in men who have sex with men (MSM) and another in HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples. Subsequently, even greater efficacy has been demonstrated in MSM with rapid population-level incidence reductions in some locations. In contrast, studies of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in heterosexual women showed only modest or no efficacy, largely attributed to low adherence. The mixed results of antiretroviral-based PrEP bear witness to unique drug development challenges at this complicated intersection of sexual behavior, public health, and drug development. Multiple innovative methods and formulation strategies followed to address unmet medical needs of persons struggling with daily oral PrEP adherence or preference for nonsystemic PrEP options. Clinical pharmacology plays essential roles throughout this PrEP development process, especially in early product development and through pharmacologically informed enhancement and interpretation of clinical trials.
Federal Employees’ Job Satisfaction: Does Transformational Leadership Matter? The Case of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

ABSTRACTMorale among U.S. federal employees has increased but remains low compared to the private sector and in certain agencies, including the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which has experi...
Acoustic and articulatory investigation of the Mauritian vowel inventory

While there have been a decent amount of morphosyntactic and sociolinguistic studies on Mauritian, a “French-based” creole spoken by most of the population of Mauritius (e.g., Baker, 1972; Alleesaib, 2012; Henri, 2010; Miller, 2015; Syea, 2013), phonetic or phonological description on the language hardly exists. Pudaruth (1993) proposes a phoneme inventory consisting of 19 consonants and 8 vowels, intuitively noting that rhotics preceding vowels are weakened, almost unpronounced. In the present work, we empirically investigate the vowel inventory of Mauritian using acoustic and articulatory data. In addition to presenting basic acoustic measures (e.g., vowel spaces), we note the presence of a rhotic, and report acoustic measures which suggest strong variation between the orthographic “a” that precedes “r” and that which precedes all other written consonants. Ultrasound imaging confirms that the pre-rhotic “a” differs from other “a"s articulatorily.
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy

The anterior cervical corpectomy remains a fundamental technique for spine surgeons to access and treat anterior cervical spine pathology. While an individualized approach is necessary for each patient, a generalized outline of the procedure is provided in this chapter. Clinical indications and surgical alternatives are discussed. Appropriate preoperative workup is stressed, with emphasis on imaging modalities for aberrant anatomy and/or unexpected pathology. Possible complications are discussed in detail, alongside tips to avoid undesirable outcomes. Controversial topics are considered including the use of bone morphogenic protein and when to supplement with a posterior construct. Plating techniques and structural grafts of different materials are reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a case illustration is provided to help illustrate the role of anterior cervical corpectomies in the context of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
CMR Assessment of Cardiac Masses

Cardiac masses are rare entities; however, they can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The management of cardiac masses varies based on patient’s clinical symptoms, type, and extension of the mass. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and usually these masses are great masqueraders of common cardiac and systemic diseases. Therefore, cardiac imaging plays a substantial role in the management of cardiac masses. Multiple imaging modalities are available, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiac F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Evaluation of patients with clinical suspicion for cardiac masses begins with echocardiography; however, CMR imaging is usually considered as the next step in comprehensive assessment. In addition to the tissue and blood flow characterization within the mass, CMR imaging can assess cardiac function as well as extracardiac involvement. This chapter provides a detailed review of cardiac masses including CMR imaging findings and an overview of the optimal CMR imaging techniques.
Incidence and Characteristics of Humeral Shaft Fractures After Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis

Background:Biceps tenodesis is a procedure that can address biceps and labral pathology. While there is an increased risk of humeral fracture after biceps tenodesis, it has been described only in c...
Modelagem Matemática de problemas logísticos: discutindo o processo de entrega de urnas para eleição de Reitor do IFES

O presente trabalho insere-se nos estudos sobre integracao de componentes curriculares da Educacao Profissional, a partir de estudos em Pesquisa Operacional, segundo a Teoria da Atividade de Leontiev (1978). Neste texto, o objetivo foi analisar um estudo de caso denominado “Entrega das urnas para Eleicao de Reitor do IFES”. O campo de investigacao foi a disciplina de Pesquisa Operacional Aplicada a Logistica, ofertada no Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Logistica do IFES – Campus Viana, em 2017. Durante a disciplina, foi abordado o conteudo de grafos, associado a logistica. Para resolucao dos problemas, os alunos dividiram-se em grupos e receberam fichas-contexto e uma tarefa a modelar. Optamos pela Modelagem Matematica porque a vemos como aliada da Educacao Profissional. Ao analisar as producoes, verificamos que alguns grupos entregaram trabalhos observando apenas a entrega das urnas, enquanto outros consideraram fatores externos, como jornada de trabalho dos servidores etc. Ou seja, por mais que os alunos tenham recebido o mesmo material didatico e desenvolvido as mesmas tarefas, houve diferentes estrategias de resolucao para a mesma atividade. Um dos fatores que esta relacionado a essa intensidade de envolvimento na atividade e a motivacao interna, influenciada pelo contexto historico-cultural do sujeito (LEONTIEV, 1978). Com isso, concluimos que essa experiencia apontou para um ensino emancipador, pois, a partir de um tema nao-matematico, os alunos formularam e resolveram problemas, sendo responsaveis pela coleta de informacoes, simplificacao das situacoes e realizacao da modelagem. Assim, esperamos que, com a emancipacao dos alunos, alcancemos a emancipacao de toda a classe trabalhadora (SAVIANI, 2017).
Design and Characterization of a high-rate readout backend for ePix detectors at LCLS II

The high repetition rate of second generation FEL is pushing the requirements of photon science x-ray cameras. In particular LCLS-II, planned upgrade of LCLS, will be able to operate at a continuous rate of 1 MHz. To exploit the new possibilities of this novel machine an upgrade program for the ePix family of detectors is undergoing. ePix ASICs integrate the core functionalities of the ePix cameras. Their architecture is based on a common platform composed of a random access analog matrix of pixel with global shutter, fast parallel column analog readout. ePixHR represents and incremental step toward higher rates to be achieved by substituting the back-end of the ePix ASICs with a digital readout and on-chip ADCs (analog-to digital converters) per column. New generation of ePixHR will incrementally achieve frame rates of 5 kHz, 25 kHz, and 100 kHz. A prototype ASIC containing 64 ADCs and two 1Gbps serializers has been fabricated. The implemented ADC are based on a novel 2 stage MASH sigma-delta architecture providing 14-bit resolution at 1Msps. The new backend architecture and the results of its characterization are here presented.
Mechanisms Underlying Bone Loss Associated with Gut Inflammation

Patients with gastrointestinal diseases frequently suffer from skeletal abnormality, characterized by reduced bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and/or joint inflammation. This pathological process is characterized by altered immune cell activity and elevated inflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment due to disrupted gut immune response. Gastrointestinal disease is recognized as an immune malfunction driven by multiple factors, including cytokines and signaling molecules. However, the mechanism by which intestinal inflammation magnified by gut-residing actors stimulates bone loss remains to be elucidated. In this article, we discuss the main risk factors potentially contributing to intestinal disease-associated bone loss, and summarize current animal models, illustrating gut-bone axis to bridge the gap between intestinal inflammation and skeletal disease.
Rationalizing Community: Victims, Institutions and Analogies for America in Mason & Dixon

"History is hard to know," Hunter S. Thompson laments, "because of all the hired bullshit" (67). Hired history, Thomas Pynchon laments, rationalizes grand-scale exploitation, explains away mass murder and community annihilation in chronicles sponsored by the powerful to "convince everybody, including themselves," that wholesale victimization "never happened" or "doesn't matter" or is justified (F xxi). '''History is hir'd, or coerc'd,'" argues Ethelmer LeSpark in Mason & Dixon, '''only in Interests that must ever prove base'" (350). Official versions rationalize the horrors of "a history which has brought so appallingly many down, without ever having spoken, or having spoken gone unheard, or having been heard, left unrecorded"; institutional chronicles do not explain enforced preterition, the sanctioned marginalization that victimizes the wordless multitudes of passed-over humanity, so Pynchon takes up the fiction-maker's "duty to redeem these silences" (HEV 49) through Mason & Dixon's resonating voices and analogies. By showing astronomer Charles Mason and surveyor Jeremiah Dixon calculating and cutting that ill-famed colonial interface on behalf of inaccessible European bosses, Pynchon dramatizes how, amid the world-altering idealism of the Enlightenment, imperial capitalism and colonial slavery stilled preterite voices and foreshortened the chances of equality and freedom in America.
Toward quantum simulations of Z 2 gauge theory without state preparation

Preparing strongly coupled particle states on quantum computers requires large resources. In this work, we show how classical sampling coupled with projection operators can be used to compute Minkowski matrix elements without explicitly preparing these states on the quantum computer. We demonstrate this for the $2+1\mathrm{d}$ ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ lattice gauge theory on small lattices with a quantum simulator.
Unrepaired decompressive craniectomy worsens motor performance in a rat traumatic brain injury model

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is often required to manage rising intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Syndrome of the trephine (SoT) is a reversible neurologic condition that often occurs following DC as a result of the unrepaired skull. The purpose of the present study is to characterize neurological impairment following TBI in rats with an unrepaired craniectomy versus rats with a closed cranium. Long Evans male rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the caudal forelimb area (CFA) of the motor cortex. Immediately after CCI, rats received either a hemi-craniectomy (TBI Open Skull Group) or an immediate acrylic cranioplasty restoring cranial anatomy (TBI Closed Skull Group). Motor performance was assessed on a skilled reaching task on post-CCI weeks 1-4, 8, 12, and 16. Three weeks after the CCI injury, the TBI Closed Skull Group demonstrated improved motor performance compared to TBI Open Skull Group. The TBI Closed Skull Group continued to perform better than the TBI Open Skull Group throughout weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16. The protracted recovery of CFA motor performance demonstrated in rats with unrepaired skulls following TBI suggests this model may be beneficial for testing new therapeutic approaches to prevent SoT.
Applications of thermostatically controlled loads for demand response with the proliferation of variable renewable energy

More flexibility is desirable with the proliferation of variable renewable resources for balancing supply and demand in power systems. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) attract tremendous attentions because of their specific thermal inertia capability in demand response (DR) programs. To effectively manage numerous and distributed TCLs, intermediate coordinators, e.g., aggregators, as a bridge between end users and dispatch operators are required to model and control TCLs for serving the grid. Specifically, intermediate coordinators get the access to fundamental models and response modes of TCLs, make control strategies, and distribute control signals to TCLs according the requirements of dispatch operators. On the other hand, intermediate coordinators also provide dispatch models that characterize the external characteristics of TCLs to dispatch operators for scheduling different resources. In this paper, the bottom-up key technologies of TCLs in DR programs based on the current research have been reviewed and compared, including fundamental models, response modes, control strategies, dispatch models and dispatch strategies of TCLs, as well as challenges and opportunities in future work.
Seek and Ye Shall Find: An Empirical Examination of Seeking Real-Time Feedback on Employee Performance Evaluation

Many companies are utilizing real-time feedback applications to facilitate engagement and disseminate employee performance ratings. In these settings, significant dynamics extend beyond just general giving and receiving employee feedback, such as seeking and rating feedback. Understanding these dynamics in tandem are essential if organizations are to create and manage optimal real-time feedback applications/systems. While both seeking and rating feedback are fundamental to a sustained broader culture of feedback, they have been scantly addressed in literature. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to explore employee behavior related to two dimensions of real-time feedback: (i) seeking performance feedback from supervisors, peers, and direct reports, and (ii) evaluating the helpfulness of received performance feedback. Analyzing nearly 11,000 feedback instances from employees at four major organizations that utilize a real-time performance feedback application, this study examines the effects of feedback-seeking and rate-the-feedback behaviors on in-kind and future evaluation. In contrast to the expectation that asking for feedback leads to more detailed feedback, the results are more nuanced: Requesting real-time feedback increases feedback scores, but decreases the likelihood of receiving detailed written comments. Our study documents that training employees in feedback application best practices improves feedback honesty. Regarding rate-the-feedback behavior, we find that individuals are more likely to rate positive feedback as more helpful. However, higher feedback scores received in the first round decreases the likelihood of comment inclusion and length in the second round. We also find that positive rate-the-feedback scores do not impact a feedback provider’s future feedback-giving. Managerial implications are discussed with suggestions for implementing effective feedback training in organizations to optimize the use of performance feedback applications.
First known record of Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) observed and captured in Jamaica

A female Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) was observed and captured on 12 February 2019 at the Font Hill Nature Reserve (18°02′N, 77°57′W) on the south coast of Jamaica, hundreds of kilometers southwest of its typical nonbreeding range. This is the first report of a Kirtland's Warbler in Jamaica. The individual was resighted in the same area twice after the initial capture, spending at least 7 weeks at the study site, suggesting this bird may have been wintering in Jamaica. Overall, it is unclear if this represents the expanding range of a recently increasing Kirtland's Warbler population or simply an errant migration.