cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulatory B cells: TIM-1, transplant tolerance, and rejection

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) ameliorate autoimmune disease and prevent allograft rejection. Conversely, they hinder effective clearance of pathogens and malignancies. Breg activity is mainly attributed to IL-10 expression, but also utilizes additional regulatory mechanisms such as TGF-β, FasL, IL-35, and TIGIT. Although Bregs are present in various subsets defined by phenotypic markers (including canonical B cell subsets), our understanding of Bregs has been limited by the lack of a broadly inclusive and specific phenotypic or transcriptional marker. TIM-1, a broad marker for Bregs first identified in transplant models, plays a major role in Breg maintenance and induction. Here, we expand on the role of TIM-1+ Bregs in immune tolerance and propose TIM-1 as a unifying marker for Bregs that utilize various inhibitory mechanisms in addition to IL-10. Further, this review provides an in-depth assessment of our understanding of Bregs in transplantation as elucidated in murine models and clinical studies. These studies highlight the major contribution of Bregs in preventing allograft rejection, and their ability to serve as highly predictive biomarkers for clinical transplant outcomes.
A case series of extraneural metastatic glioblastoma at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Background Extraneural metastasis of glioma is a rare event, often occurring in patients with advanced disease. Genomic alterations associated with extraneural glioma metastasis remain incompletely understood. Methods Ten patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center diagnosed with extraneural metastases of glioblastoma (9 patients) and gliosarcoma (1 patient) from 2003 to 2018 were included in our analysis. Patient characteristics, clinical course, and genomic alterations were evaluated. Results Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 14 to 73, with 7 men and 3 women in this group. The median overall survival from initial diagnosis and from diagnosis of extraneural metastasis was 19.6 months (range 11.2 to 57.5 months) and 5 months (range 1 to 16.1 months), respectively. The most common site of extraneural metastasis was bone, with other sites being lymph nodes, dura, liver, lung, and soft tissues. All patients received surgical resection and radiation, and 9 patients received temozolomide, with subsequent chemotherapy appropriate for individual cases. 1 patient had an Ommaya and then ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed, and 1 patient underwent craniectomy for cerebral edema associated with a brain abscess at the initial site of resection. Genomic analysis of primary tumors and metastatic sites revealed shared and private mutations with a preponderance of tumor suppressor gene alterations, illustrating clonal evolution in extraneural metastases. Conclusions Several risk factors emerged for extraneural metastasis of glioblastoma and gliosarcoma, including sarcomatous dedifferentiation, disruption of normal anatomic barriers during surgical resection, and tumor suppressor gene alterations. Next steps with this work include validation of these genomic markers of glioblastoma metastases in larger patient populations and the development of preclinical models. This work will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis to develop targeted treatments for these patients.
The man behind the bed: a case of peduncular hallucinosis treated with quetiapine and melatonin

An 81-year-old female presented with a right pontine infarct and later developed recurrent vivid hallucinations. After a workup for delirium and hallucinosis was unrevealing, a diagnosis of peduncu...
Romer Revisted or 'the Devil in the Details': Is Georgia's Marriage Amendment Constitutionally Defective?

A comparison of the language of the various state marriage amendments reveals that the phrasing of Georgia's language is unique in limiting marriage to "only the union of man and woman." While other amendments clearly have a broader focus, prohibiting bigamy and polygamy as well as same-sex unions, Georgia's language uniquely bars only homosexual unions. This paper explores the implications of that uniqueness and the extent to which that singular focus imperils the constitutionality of the amendment, particularly under the standards of Romer v. Evans, as well as Lawrence v. Texas.
Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection during the 1990's.

The serious consequences of the co-existence of HIV infection and tuberculosis (TB) are presented by comparing TB to other common diseases and opportunistic infections then describing the ways by which HIV accelerates the course of TB and vice versa. TB is unique among the worlds worst in terms of numbers and burden of sickness viral bacterial protozoan and helminthic diseases in that it alone is exacerbated by HIV. TB is also notable among the many opportunistic infections seen resulting from loss of cell-mediated immunity in HIV patients because it is transmissible preventable and curable. That TB was associated with HIV was first recognized in 1984 in Floridas Haitians. A trend of slowly increasing numbers of reported cases of TB began in 1985 in the U.S. In Tanzania with the best TB reporting system in Africa a similar trend was noted from 1983-1989. Remarkable also was the rising number of smear-positive cases referring to those that are contagious. While 90% of persons infected with TB do not have clinical disease in HIV positive people TB is much more virulent for comparison than P. carinii pneumonia. The relative risk of a person with HIV having TB disease relative to HIV negative persons is estimated at around 6. HIV is probably the most potent activator of TB disease known. Conversely TB bacilli appear to somehow activate CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages so that they send out signals to enhance virus multiplication and possible cell death. Given the projected numbers of AIDS cases in the near term it is imperative that available technology be implemented to prevent spread of HIV in all countries by assurance of an uncontaminated blood supply and sound infection control practices in the health system.
A06 San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Analysis

Abstract Background Various policies have been implemented to deal with the air pollution generated by freight operations at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (also known as the San Pedro Bay Ports), including adopting cleaner vehicle technologies (such as the Clean Trucks Program in Southern California), mandating cleaner fuels, shifting container transport from trucks to trains for long distance travel, or shifting freight deliveries from peak to off-peak hours. The purpose of this study is to analyze the co-benefits of some of these policies on the reduction of greenhouse gases and regional pollutants, particularly as expressed through positive impacts on human health. Methods Port-related emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter are drawn from the Ports’ annual Inventory of Air Emissions. Hourly factors are applied to the daily mean emission rate based on temporal truck distributions in the Ports, allowing the pollutants to be dispersed throughout the surrounding area using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s puff dispersion model, CALPUFF. The resulting pollutant concentrations are compared between milestone years for the programs and a baseline year, 2005, using EPA’s BenMAP health analysis model. Results We find that the Clean Trucks program has successfully cut heavy duty vehicle emissions of nitrogen oxides by around 80% between 2005 and 2012, and particulate matter levels have been reduced by over 90%. This has resulted in net savings related to cardiovascular and respiratory impacts of over $13 million, including dozens of cases of averted hospital admission incidences. Ongoing analyses suggest that additional Ports programs have also contributed to lowered pollutant levels being emitted by other modes of freight transportation. Conclusions The success of the Clean Trucks Program indicates that the initiatives taken by the Ports through their Clean Air Action Plan have been able to improve the quality of life of citizens exposed to pollution from the Ports. However, previous works suggest that these impacts are small compared to those of port-related truck and train operations on land, outside of the San Pedro Bay Ports complex.
Physical studies of small asteroids. I - Lightcurves and taxonomy of 10 asteroids

Photometric observations of 10 small asteroids (10 km or less in diameter), obtained using the 1.5-m Mt. Lemmon and 2.3-m Kitt Peak telescopes of the University of Arizona during 1986-1987, are reported. The instrumentation and data-reduction techniques employed are described, and the results are presented in tables and light-curve plots and briefly characterized.
The Formative Period of First Amendment Theory, 1870-1915

The constitutional grant could not have been simpler: the Framers needed just ten words to codify America's free speech ideal. Yet the stark brevity of the First Amendment is inherently deceptive. Couched within that naked license lie definitional complexities which have confounded the nation's legal elite ever since 1791. Despite this legal ambiguity, the prevailing historiography of free speech can be briefly summarized. The broad libertarian potential of the First Amendment was never realized by antebellum America; more than a century later a rash of repressive antisocialist legislation spawned debate and test cases which laid the groundwork for the post-World War I doctrinal development of a mature free speech principle.' Perhaps it is the disarming simplicity of this theory which is both perplexing and troubling. Clearly the trilogy of 1919, which found Justice Holmes writing for the majority in Schenck,2 Frohwerk, 3 and Debs4 did mark the first prolonged onslaught by free speech advocates at the Supreme Court level.5 And the first treatise devoted to free speech was published the following year. When Professor Zechariah Chafee of Harvard Law School undertook the
Comparison of Polar and Equatorial Magnetic Fields Near Sunspot Minimum

We investigate the polar magnetic fields near sunspot minimum using high-resolution videomagnetograph data from Big Bear Solar Observatory. To avoid the problem of center-to-limb variation of the projected longitudinal field, we compare polar with equatorial field strengths for the same limb distance. Polar fields are stronger than the quiet equatorial field, but no greater than equatorial limb data containing unipolar regions. The difference is entirely in the stronger field elements. The polar background fields are of mixed polarity but show a net weak field opposite in sign to that of the stronger polar elements. We believe this to be the first evidence of widespread background field. No dependence of the measured signal on the B-angle was found, so the high-latitude fields do not change strength near the pole. Further, there was no significant change in the polar fields in the 15-month period studied. We tried to derive a high-latitude rotation rate; our data show motion of high-latitude magnetic elements, but the diurnal trajectory is not much bigger than random motions and field changes, so the result is inconclusive. We suggest that the polar fields represent the accumulation of sunspot remnants, the elements of which last for years in the absence of other fields.
Action Languages, Answer Sets, and Planning

This is a discussion of some of the achievements and challenges related to representing actions and the design of planners from the perspective of logic programming. We talk about recent work on action languages and translating them into logic programming, on representing possible histories of an action domain by answer sets, on efficient implementations of the answer set semantics and their use for generating plans, and on causal logic and its relation to planning algorithms. Recent progress in these areas may lead to the creation of planners which are based on the ideas of logic programming and combine the use of expressive action description languages with efficient computational procedures.
Conch: Experimenting with Enhanced Name Management for Persistent Object Systems

The name management capabilities currently provided by most existing persistent object systems (POSs) are rather limited. In particular, existing POSs tend to lack powerful and general mechanisms for forming, manipulating, controlling and reasoning about contexts. As a result, these POSs offer only weak or awkward support for large-scale data storage, multi-user computing, code reuse, interoperation of independently developed object stores and other similarly important classes of applications. As part of our work on improved name management for convergent computing systems, we have developed a framework for uniform treatment of the context and interface control facets of name management. In this paper we describe a realization of that framework, in the form of a shell-style user interface to a POS, that we are using to experiment both with the framework itself and with enhanced context control capabilities for POSs.
Long-range pulselength scaling of 351nm laser damage thresholds

In a series of experiments incorporating 351nm pulselength of 9, 26, 54, and 625ns, it was found that laser damage thresholds increased as (pulselength)/sup x/, and that the exponent averaged 0.36 and ranged, for different samples, from 0.23 to 0.48. Similar results were obtained when only catastrophic damage was considered. Samples included Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//SiO/sub 2/ in both AR and HR multilayers, HR's of Sc/sub 2/O/sub 3//SiO/sub 2/ and HfO/sub 2//SiO/sub 2/, and Al-on-pyrex mirror; 9ns thresholds were between 0.2 to 5.6 J/cm/sup 2/. When these data were compared with a wide range of other results - for wavelengths from 0.25 to 10.6 microns and pulselengths down to 4ps - a remarkably consistent picture emerged. Damage thresholds, on average, increase approximately as the cube-root of pulselength from picoseconds to nearly a microsecond, and do so regardless of wavelength or material under test. 18 refs.
Trouble with the self-consistent field theory of quantum electrodynamics

The Lamb-shift measurements are analysed within the framework of the self-consistent spinor field theory of quantum electrodynamics developed several years ago. It is found that the theory predicts a substantial dependence of the shift on the applied Zeeman field and this is in conflict with the experimental results.
Globin Genes: Evolution

Hemoglobins carry oxygen from the lungs to other tissues and are encoded by a family of globin genes that are differentially expressed during development. Defects in expression of these globin genes lead to inherited anemias called thalassemias. Other globin genes encode proteins involved in oxygen storage and other functions. Keywords: α globin; β globin; hemoglobin; myoglobin; cytoglobin; neuroglobin; thalassemia
Brucellosis: a neglected but existing threat to travelers and laboratory personnel in Taiwan.

Between May and September 2011, the first four cases of human brucellosis in 30 years were confirmed in Taiwan. All cases occurred in returned travelers from regions where brucellosis is endemic. It reminds us of the possible threat of this neglected zoonosis. Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide with more than 500,000 new cases diagnosed annually. This disease is caused by the Brucella species and major animal hosts are goats, sheep, camels, cows, and pigs. Transmission to humans occurs through ingestion of infected, unpasteurized animal-milk products, through direct contact with infected animals, or through the inhalation of infected aerosolized particles. Like all zoonotic diseases, the incidence of brucellosis differs between countries and is the highest in the Middle East and Africa, where people still adhere to traditional farming and lifestyles. In developed countries, brucellosis has become a common imported disease because of increased international travel or imported food from endemic countries. Brucellosis is also notorious of being the most frequently recognized cause of laboratory-transmitted infection. Therefore, this organization endangers not only people with animal contact, but also laboratory personnel performing diagnostic tests. Surveillance and control of animal brucellosis in Taiwan was started in 1962. Antibody positive cows were sent to
In vivo synthesis of potato spindle tuber viroid: kinetic relationship between the circular and linear forms.

Abstract Study of the de novo formation of circular and linear forms of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) showed that linear PSTV arises in vivo from circular PSTV. PSTV was labeled with 32Pi for different periods of time beginning on the first day of symptom expression in systemically infected tomato leaves. With short periods (2 hr) of 32P; incorporation, predominantly circular PSTV was labeled. With longer periods of time, the ratio of circular to linear PSTV gradually decreased and with labeling periods of 96 hr and longer, more than 50% of the PSTV-labeling was in the linear form. When 32P1 was replaced by [[3H]uridine or any of the other three ribonucleosides, the formation of linear PSTV was also prevalent with very long periods of incorporation. PSTV was also labeled with 32P1 in older plants, beginning 1 week after the first day of symptom expression. With 4 hr of incorporation, circular PSTV was predominantly labeled as it was on the first day of symptom expression. With increasing duration of incorporation, linear PSTV again gradually increased, and at 48 hr the amounts of circular and linear PSTV were equal. The nucleotide composition of 32P-labeled circular or linear PSTV formed in vivo for 12 hr was very similar or identical. These results suggest that circular and linear PSTV molecules are two forms of the same RNA and that linear PSTV molecules arise in vivo by cleavage of circular PSTV molecules.
High-Performance Single Cell Genetic Analysis Using Microfluidic Emulsion Generator Arrays

High-throughput genetic and phenotypic analysis at the single cell level is critical to advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular function and dysfunction. Here we describe a high-performance single cell genetic analysis (SCGA) technique that combines high-throughput microfluidic emulsion generation with single cell multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microfabricated emulsion generator array (MEGA) devices containing 4, 32, and 96 channels are developed to confer a flexible capability of generating up to 3.4 × 106 nanoliter-volume droplets per hour. Hybrid glass-polydimethylsiloxane diaphragm micropumps integrated into the MEGA chips afford uniform droplet formation, controlled generation frequency, and effective transportation and encapsulation of primer functionalized microbeads and cells. A multiplex single cell PCR method is developed to detect and quantify both wild type and mutant/pathogenic cells. In this method, microbeads functionalized with multiple forward...
Long-distance interconnection as solar resource intermittency solution: Optimizing the use of energy storage and the geographic dispersion + interconnection of solar generating facilities

As governments worldwide look to increase the capacity of PV and other variable generation sources in their generation portfolios, dealing with resource intermittency begins to take center stage in the debate over how to achieve ambitious renewable energy targets. Variability o f the solar resource occurs across many different temporal scales: from cloud-driven variability on the order of seconds to seasonal variability driven by the Earth's sidereal orbit and axial tilt. We develop herein a model to investigate the impacts and technological solutions to variability at the temporal scale of greater than one day - variability linked to the passage of seasons and regional-scale meteorological phenomena. We investigate two supply-side technology and planning-driven techniques to mitigate the impacts of stochastic and deterministic resource intermittency: Bulk electrical energy storage and Long-distance interconnection coupled with geographic dispersion of solar generating facilities. A quantitative analytical framework has been developed in the context of this research by which to weigh the environmental and economic tradeoffs between these two approaches for a given geographic region. We use 24 years of globally distributed, daily-averaged, satellite-derived irradiances derived from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) via NASA's Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) database to model time/site-specific photovoltaic production across the globe at the time scales of one day or more. Within this paper, we discuss the model's operation, apply it to a region spanning the European/MENA region, centered in Madrid and provide a discussion of the results, including an economic optimization of the interconnection/storage solution needed to alleviate intermittency and serve predetermined load requirements.
Benzodiazepine binding sites are present in retina.

Abstract High affinity, stereospecific binding sites for benzodiazepines are present in rat and bovine retina. The binding sites are tightly associated with the membrane fraction and the number of sites corresponds to that in the most enriched regions of rat and human brain. Binding affinities of five benzodiazepines studied closely parallels their pharmacological potency and their affinity for the receptor in brain.
Plate tectonics and paleocirculation — Commotion in the ocean☆

Abstract Oceanic circulation is dependent upon dynamically interrelated aspects of geography and climate. Sequential changes in these two parameters during the past 200 m.y. have resulted in a complex history of oceanic circulation. Certain paleogeographic and climatic events have played a critical role in the evolution of global circulation patterns. The general picture is of deposition in tranquil oceanic environments during the Mesozoic under the influence of equable climates and oceanic thermal-haline homogeneity. In the Cenozoic, continued continental dispersal and climatic deterioration (and latitudinal thermal heterogeneity) due to high latitude cooling (beginning 40 m.y. ago but particularly the last 10 m.y.), led to accelerated surface and bottom water circulation, especially along western margins of ocean basins and the development of erosion and redeposition as a major sedimentary process. The Cenozoic activity taken in its entirety is referred to here as “commotion in the ocean”.
Giant Meckel diverticulum with enteroliths: a case report of a patient presenting with low back and episodic right lower quadrant pain

Objectives The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient who presented with low back pain and episodic right lower quadrant pain who had a long-standing giant Meckel diverticulum with enteroliths.
A computational approach to dendritic spine motility with calcium signaling by the immersed boundary method with advection-electrodiffusion

Dendritic spines are small protrusions from the dendritic branches of neurons. Influenced by internal and external signals and forces, even adult spines are not static but dynamically move. In this paper, we consider actomyosin-based spine motility with calcium signaling. The simulation begins with influx of calcium ions through glutamate receptors. Calcium Induced Calcium Release (CICR) with IP3 (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate) dynamics is also considered. The sensitivity of elasticity of actomyosin network is assumed to follow a Hill-type function of Ca2+ concentration. Several combinations in size of spine head and neck, physiology of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), and distribution of receptor/channels/exchangers are considered. Different functions of a spine as absorber, pumper and/or diffuser are observed. The computational framework used for these studies is the immersed boundary method with advection-electrodiffusion.
Neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: are we really ready yet?

Abstract The specific diagnosis of AD as a particular dementia from which a patient suffered assumes, debatably, a reasonably pure clinicopathological entity in which the same concatenation of lesions will not be encountered in others dying with a similar clinical disorder. Statistically complex computations such as multivariate analyses of morphometric data from our laboratory and similar attempts in Swedish and British series may not prove pragmatic for pathological confirmation. The Braaks’ schema posits six stages in the evolution of AD. Unfortunately, application of this model to 50 British autopsies cannot reliably identify those cases clinically diagnosed as demented. Furthermore, lack of universal definition for each of the probable lesional subtypes augments the difficulty devising a quantitative consensus. Disease stage refers to a progressive increase in anatomical (geographic) extent of involvement, whereas, grade refers to a progressive increase in severity of affliction within any one site. There is only a tendency for stage and grade to progress in parallel. Nor is it obligatory that either always does progress. More energies should be concentrated upon determining which histopathological abnormality is most injurious to neuronal integrity. Dutch workers opine that in both normal aging and AD, claims of massive, neocortical nerve cell loss may have been based on inadequate morphometry and/or a loss of markers. Requiring urgent resolution is whether cellular changes seen in brains of aging normals represent merely the earliest phase of typical AD (and therefore a good model for Alzheimer pathogenesis), or rather reflect a totally different aging syndrome distinct from AD. We have proposed that abnormalities in the hippocampal formation (with or without neocortical neuronal lesions) may underlie a decline of all higher cognitive functions in senile dementia Alzheimer type. West and colleagues optical disector approach likewise shows that neurodegeneration associated within aging individuals’ hippocampi is quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from the neuronal loss in AD. Clinical confreres’ imprecision whether or when to term subtle cognitive loss “incipient AD” is understandably mirrored by residual neuropathological struggles to dichotomize such brains as “normative aging” distinct from “putative AD.”
Advances in high-temperature calorimetry: A comparison

Several types of high-temperature calorimeters are compared in this paper. The calorimetry methods reviewed are drop, adiabatic, pulse, differential scanning, and, the newest method, high-temperature differential scanning.
PDT : Death pathways

Cellular targets of photodynamic therapy include mitochondria, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane. PDT can evoke necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis, or combinations of these, depending on the PDT dose, the site(s) of photodamage and the cellular phenotype. It has been established that loss of viability occurs even when the apoptotic program is inhibited. Studies assessing effects of ER or mitochondrial photodamage, involving loss of Bcl-2 function, indicate that low-dose PDT elicited a rapid autophagic response in L1210 cells. This was attributed to the ability of autophagy to recycle photodamaged organelles, and there was partial protection from loss of viability. This effect was not observed in L1210/Atg7, where autophagy was silenced. At higher PDT doses, apoptotic cells were observed within 60 min in both cell lines, but more so in L1210. The ability of L1210 cells to undergo autophagy did not offer protection from cell death at the higher PDT dose. Previous studies had indicated that autophagy can contribute to cell death, since L1210 cells that do not undergo an initial apoptotic response often contain multiple autophagic vacuoles 24 hr later. With L1210/Atg7, apoptosis alone may account for the loss of viability at an LD 90 PDT dose.
Evidence for strong magnetic fields in the inner envelopes of late-type stars

Strong SiO masers occur in the inner regions of the stellar envelopes (within a few stellar radii) of variable late-type stars (Miras, semi-regular variables and supergiants), and in the vicinity of IRc2 in Orion, a site of recent star formation. Although linear polarization is a common feature of these masers1–3, previous attempts to detect circular polarization have been inconclusive. Johnson and Clark4 claimed detection of 10–20% polarization in Stokes V (left-hand circular minus right-hand circular) spectra of the Orion masers at 86.2 GHz. Troland et al.1 failed to confirm this result, while reporting small signals in Stokes V spectra for several sources which they attributed to instrumental effects. Here we report sensitive measurements of circular polarization in SiO masers associated with late-type stars, which reveal significantly polarized features at the several per cent level in five of six stars observed. Under the Zeeman splitting hypothesis, these measurements imply magnetic fields in the masing gas in the range 10–100 G. The masers associated with IRc2 in the Orion-KL region were not detected in circular polarization.
Remainder estimates for squarefree integers in arithmetic progression

Abstract The author gives remainder estimates for squarefree integers in arithmetic progressions corresponding to those of Barban, Bombieri, Davenport, Halberstam, and Gallagher for primes in arithmetic progression. A number of applications are then considered, most notably the determination of an asymptotic for Σ i q ≤ x d 3 ( q − l ), where d 3 ( n ): = Σ m 1 · m 2 · m 3 = n 1, l is a fixed nonzero integer, and q is squarefree.
Anion exchange membrane adsorbers for flow-through polishing steps: Part II. Virus, host cell protein, DNA clearance, and antibody recovery.

Anion exchange membrane adsorbers are used for contaminant removal in flow-through polishing steps in the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals. This contribution describes the clearance of minute virus of mice, DNA, and host cell proteins by three commercially available anion-exchange membranes: Sartobind Q, Mustang Q, and ChromaSorb. The Sartobind Q and Mustang Q products contain quaternary amine ligands; whereas, ChromaSorb contains primary amine based ligands. Performance was evaluated over a range of solution conditions: 0–200 mM NaCl, pH 6.0–9.0, and flow rates of 4–20 membrane volumes/min in the presence and absence of up to 50 mM phosphate and acetate. In addition contaminant clearance was determined in the presence and absence of 5 g/L monoclonal antibody. The quaternary amine based ligands depend mainly on Coulombic interactions for removal of negatively charged contaminants. Consequently, performance of Sartobind Q and Mustang Q was compromised at high ionic strength. Primary amine based ligands in ChromaSorb enable high capacities at high ionic strength due to the presence of secondary, hydrogen bonding interactions. However, the presence of hydrogen phosphate ions leads to reduced capacity. Monoclonal antibody recovery using primary amine based anion-exchange ligands may be lower if significant binding occurs due to secondary interactions. The removal of a specific contaminant is affected by the level of removal of the other contaminants. The results of this study may be used to help guide selection of commercially available membrane absorbers for flow-through polishing steps. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 500–510. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High-speed bipolar integrated circuits for SSC applications

Abstract As part of our research and development program to investigate signal-processing electronics at high-luminosity machines we have studied the general problem of optimizing electronics for pad or wire chambers in a low-gain, high-rate environment. Using ATT's semi-custom monolithic bipolar process, we have designed a prototype amplifier/shaper to test our simulations and help gain insight into critical design constraints in the development of integrated circuits for proportional drift tube systems. Design considerations, comparisons among monolithic technologies and details of simulation results are presented.
An initial look at prospective student mentoring

Effective student recruitment is an important issue for computing educators. We describe a mentoring program designed for prospective students at DePaul University and begin to understand the effectiveness of such a program. The program has been in place since 2004, and an initial analysis of survey data has led to changes in the way the program will be run and in how data will be collected for the next phase of the study.
Caring about carelessness: Participant inattention and its effects on research.

Abstract The current studies examined the adverse effects of inattentive responding on compliance with study tasks, data quality, correlational analyses, experimental manipulations, and statistical power. Results suggested that 3–9% of respondents engaged in highly inattentive responding, forming latent classes consistent with prior work that converged across existing indices (e.g., long-string index, multivariate outliers, even–odd consistency, psychometric synonyms and antonyms) and new measures of inattention (the Attentive Responding Scale and the Directed Questions Scale). Inattentive respondents provided self-report data of markedly poorer quality, sufficient to obscure meaningful regression results as well as the effects of experimental manipulations. Screening out inattentive respondents improved statistical power, helping to mitigate the notable drops in power and estimated effect sizes caused by inattention.
Atrial fibrillation: AVRO—were the results a surprise?

Multiple placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that intravenous vernakalant, a novel antiarrhythmic agent, effectively converts recent-onset atrial fibrillation in ∼50% of patients within 90 min of administration. Results from the AVRO trial corroborate these findings and further show that vernakalant is superior to amiodarone in the treatment of this condition.
Spatial variation and temporal stability of soil water in a snow-dominated, mountain catchment

Soil is a critical intermediary of water flux between precipitation and stream flow. Characterization of soil water content (� ,m 3 m � 3 ) may be especially difficult in mountainous, snow-dominated catchments due to highly variable water inputs, topography, soils and vegetation. However, individual sites exhibit similar seasonal dynamics, suggesting that it may be possible to describe spatial variability in terms of temporally stable relationships. Working in a 0Ð36 km 2 headwater catchment, we: (i) described and the spatial variability ofover a 2 year period, (ii) characterized that variability in terms of temporal stability analysis, and (iii) related changes in temporally stable soil water patterns to stream flow generation. Soil water data were collected for 2 years at representative sites and quantified in terms of � and water storage to a depth of 75 cm (S75, cm). Both S75 andwere normally distributed in space on all measurement dates. Spatial variability was high relative to other studies, reflecting catchment heterogeneity. However, the ranking of S75 values displayed temporal stability for all site locations, seasonally and annually. This stability was attributed to soil texture. Further temporal analysis indicated that estimates of catchment mean and standard deviation of S75 may be characterized with relatively few measurements. Finally, we used temporal linear regression to define catchment soil water conditions related to stream-flow generation. Static, high S75 conditions in late winter and early spring indicate that stream-flow response is highly sensitive to inputs, whereas static, low S75 conditions in late summer and early fall indicate minimum stream-flow sensitivity to water inputs. The fall transition was marked by uniform S d across the catchment. The late spring transition was marked by nonuniform S75 decreases, with the highest S75 sites decreasing most. Threshold S75 values identifying catchment sensitivity to water input were identified. Copyright  2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Year of the Heroic Guerrilla: World Revolution and Counterrevolution in 1968

From Paris to Peking, Saigon to Washington, the pillars of the postwar world tottered on the brink of collapese in 1968. "Year of the Heroic Guerrilla" is a global analysis of that universal upheaval. Daniels depicts the great crises of that era: the Tet offensive and the abdication of Lyndon Johnson; the denouncement of the counterculture; the fissuring of the civil rights movement and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.; the student revolt at Columbia Unviersity; the May uprising in France that nearly overthrew the Fifth Republic; the "cultural revolution" in China; the chilling of the Prague Spring by the Soviet army; and, finally, the convention and riots in Mayor Daley's Chicago, signalling the downturn of the revolutionary spirit in America.
Ammonia-water low-temperature thermal storage system

An analysis of a low-temperature thermal storage system using an ammonia-water solution both as a refrigerant and as a low-temperature thermal storage material is considered. The thermal storage is usable at a temperature of {minus}27 C and higher. The proposed system is designed to shift electric demand from high to low-demand periods. The system utilizes a heat-operated absorption refrigeration system; however, the generator heat is supplied by a self-contained vapor compression heat pump. The heat pump is operated during the off-peak period to recover the low-temperature thermal storage by reprocessing the stored ammonia-water solution to a lower ammonia-water concentration. The ammonia vapor liberated from solution in the dephlegmator is used in the compressor to produce the generator heat. Three different configurations are considered, including a solar-assisted system. The results are compared to a eutectic salt storage system.
The Answer Doesn’t Seem to Change, so Maybe We Should Change the Question: A Commentary on Lachance-Grzela and Bouchard (2010)

This article comments on Lachance-Grzela and Bouchard (2010), which reviews research published 2000–2009 on the division of household labor. I argue that while Lachance-Grzela and Bouchard summarize the general state of knowledge on this topic, their review highlights what is missing from research on the division of household labor. To move beyond questioning why women perform the majority of housework requires a different set of questions, using a variety of data collection and analysis techniques, and a clear eye toward broader social theory.
In overweight or obese patients with diabetes, a lifestyle intervention increased weight loss at 8 years

Source Citation The Look AHEAD Research Group. Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: the Look AHEAD study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22:5-13. 24307184
Use of impervious surface in urban land-use classification

Impervious surface has been recognized as a key indicator in assessing urban environments. However, accurate impervious surface extraction is still a challenge. Effectiveness of impervious surface in urban land-use classification has not been well addressed. This paper explored extraction of impervious surface information from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper data based on the integration of fraction images from linear spectral mixture analysis and land surface temperature. A new approach for urban land-use classification, based on the combined use of impervious surface and population density, was developed. Five urban land-use classes (i.e., low-, medium-, high-, and very-high-intensity residential areas, and commercial/industrial/transportation uses) were developed in the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Results showed that the integration of fraction images and surface temperature provided substantially improved impervious surface image. Accuracy assessment indicated that the root-mean-square error and system error yielded 9.22% and 5.68%, respectively, for the impervious surface image. The overall classification accuracy of 83.78% for five urban land-use classes was obtained.
Superconducting T c enhancement due to excitonic negative- U centers: A Monte Carlo study

The enhancement of superconductivity by a small concentration of excitonic negative-U centers is studied by a new method which combines diagrammatic perturbation theory and Monte Carlo simulation. Results are given which show how the impurity parameters should be selected in order to obtain the maximum increase in the superconducting transition temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$.
Changes in ripening behavior of ‘d'Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) after cold storage

Abstract ‘d'Anjou’ pear fruit, harvested at optimum maturity with flesh firmness of 6.8 kg, were stored at −1.1°C. Fruit were ripened at 20°C for 15 days following storage for 1–8 months. Dessert qualities were evaluated organoleptically on Day 10 of each ripening period. Changes in fruit firmness, extractable juice, titratable acids, solubl solids, respiration, ethylene production and internal ethylene were determined daily during each ripening period. Fruit firmness declined continually from 6.8 kg at harvest to 4.5 kg after 8 months of storage. Fruit stored for 2–8 months softened with a similar pattern during a 15-day ripening period at 20°C, while fruit stored for 1 month softened at a slower rate during ripening to 3.2 kg, with a coarse and dry texture after 15 days at 20°C. Fruit stored for 2–4 months ripened with the desirable buttery and juicy texture, while those stored for more than 5 months ripened with a coarse or mealy and dry texture. The buttery and juicy texture was highly correlated with a lower extractable juice, which could be used for quantitative determination of storage life based on ripened fruit quality. Changes in titratable acids and soluble solids during each ripening period were not associated with changes in dessert qualities of the ripened pears. Rates of respiration, ethylene production and internal ethylene during ripening at 20°C varied with duration of storage, but were not associated with changes in dessert qualities of the ripened fruit.
Spatially Resolved Characterization of the Electroclinic Effect in Chiral Smectic a Liquid Crystals

The electro-optical properties of an electroclinic liquid crystal have been investigated using a spatially resolved technique which measures the birefringence, optical tilt angle and extinction within adjacent stripe domains. A comparison of these results with the data obtained from standard optical and X-ray measurements suggests the presence of substripes or an angular distribution of molecular directors within the stripe domains.
Fatty Acid Diagenesis in Recent Sediment from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island

THERE have been several reviews of reports of fatty acids in recent and ancient sediments1–3 and the distribution of fatty acids with depth in recent sediments has been investigated for a core from Baffin Bay, Texas4, in which the relative survivability of the fatty acids was found to be proportional to the degree of unsaturation. The object of the work reported here was to investigate further the diagenesis of fatty acids in surface sediments and to compare two geographically different sedimentary environments. The total fatty acid concentrations in cores from recent sediments from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Fig. 1), decrease with increasing depth of burial. Based on concentration gradients, the saturated fatty acids are more stable than unsaturated fatty acids, as would be expected1.
Severe Musculoskeletal Symptoms During Continuous Infusion of Bumetanide

Background The continuous infusion of the loop diuretic, bumetanide, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of severe refractory edema. Musculoskeletal symptoms have been reported with bumetanide following both oral and intermittent IV bolus therapy. It has been suggested that these adverse effects do not occur with continuous infusion. We describe, however, a series of patients with heart failure who developed severe disabling musculoskeletal symptoms during the continuous infusion of bumetanide. Objective To evaluate the characteristics of bumetanide-induced musculoskeletal symptoms during continuous IV infusion in patients with severe heart failure. Methods Heart failure patients receiving continuous infusions of bumetanide were monitored for the development of musculoskeletal symptoms. For patients who experienced the adverse reaction, data were collected on demographics, medical diagnoses, concurrent medications, the diuretic regimen, symptoms, time course of the reaction, laboratory findings, alternative therapy, and outcomes. Results Of 34 patients who received continuous infusions of bumetanide, eight patients experienced a total of 11 episodes of severe musculoskeletal symptoms. All patients had severe congestive heart failure and refractory edema. The reaction was most severe at infusion rates of approximately 2 mg/h and was not associated with any specific laboratory abnormality. The symptoms resolved completely after discontinuing the bumetanide therapy. In two of the patients, the adverse reaction was precipitated again during rechallenge with the bumetanide infusion. Patients who were given an equivalent or higher dose of a continuous furosemide infusion, diuresed without experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions The continuous IV infusion of the loop diuretic, bumetanide, may result in severe, disabling musculoskeletal symptoms. The reaction appears to be dose related, without specific risk factors, and is reversible on discontinuation of the infusion. Patients who experience this reaction may be successfully diuresed with equivalent doses of a furosemide infusion.
Effects of gestation, lactation, and maternal calcium intake on mechanical strength of equine bone.

Skeletal homeostasis during late gestation, lactation, and the post-lactational recovery period is poorly understood. In an experiment using an animal model (the horse), metacarpal breaking strengths (MBS) estimated via transmission ultrasonics were examined during the last 12 weeks of gestation and for 40 weeks after parturition. MBS increased during the last 6-10 weeks of gestation in mares fed amounts of calcium (Ca) recommended by the National Research Council; maximum MBS coincided with the week of parturition. In contrast, MBS in mares fed 20% less Ca remained relatively constant during the last 12 weeks of gestation. In contrast to increases during late gestation, MBS decreased steadily in all mares during the first 12 weeks of lactation. MBS increased after approximately 12 weeks of lactation, but more slowly than they had declined. MBS of the bones of mares fed recommended amounts of Ca were fully restored at 24 weeks post-parturition, but those of Ca-deficient mares had not fully recovered even ...
Significance of confined dynamic modulus laboratory testing for asphalt concrete: Conventional, gap-graded, and open-graded mixtures

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of confinement on the dynamic modulus E* values for different asphalt mixtures. Traditionally, only unconfined tests have been conducted, mainly driven by the simplicity of the test procedure and laboratory equipment needs. In addition, the moduli of the most widely used, dense-graded (conventional) asphalt mixtures are thought to be less influenced by confined testing. However, the increased use of gap- and open-graded asphalt mixtures necessitates the consideration of confined laboratory testing to obtain their true material properties. After five confinement levels were evaluated, a stress of 138 kPa (20 psi) was selected as a rational confinement level for confined E* laboratory testing, because an increase of confining stress beyond 138 kPa did not significantly increase the moduli of the mixtures. The scope of work included testing and analyses of 26 mixtures: four conventional, 12 gap-graded, and 10 open-graded mixtures. The AASHTO TP62-07 proc...