cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic properties of simulated protomembranes

Experimental data of the concept of a pregenetic stage of the origin of a spherical protomembrane are reported. The protomembrane is considered as a result of transition from the phase separation to a structural-cellular membrane with primordial channel-like pores controlling ionic permeability. Research, based on a synthetic polyamino acid (Przybylski et al., 1982) and polyamino acid-lipid model (Ishima et al., 1981) of the membrane, demonstrated that the model reveals membrane and action potentials. The observed membrane of this model displays also: electrical conductance, ion permeability, current-voltage characteristics, hysteresis and negative resistance. The electrical phenomena were observed both in planar and spherical membranes. The pH effect upon electrical phenomena of synthetic membranes was observed. It is known that lipid-only models of the membrane do not reveal permeability and excitability. These properties are present in such models only after additon of proteins or polypeptides (Mueller and Rudin, 1968). It has been found that a deposition of thermal polyamino acids on the phosphatidylcholine membrane also results in electrical activity. (Przybylski, 1985). Membranes made from proteinoids-only display electrical activity as well. Electrical polarization, discharges, selective permeability, osmotic properties, and black films support electron micrograph evidence that structures made from thermal proteins have a double membrane resembling biological ones (Fox et al. 1978).
Random and nonrandom behavior of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Little is known about the behavior of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The nature of the process formed by the successive occurrences of this arrhythmia was studied in 8 patients with a history of symptomatic paroxysmal AF. Trans-telephonic monitoring of the electrocardiogram was used to document the cardiac rhythm during symptoms. Patients were followed while successive attacks of paroxysmal AF were documented. A minimum of 12 and a maximum of 26 consecutive episodes of symptomatic paroxysmal AF were recorded from the 8 patients during 66 to 332 days. Methods developed in industrial reliability theory were used to show that, for the overall group of 8 patients, the interevent times between successive occurrences of symptomatic AF were not independent. However, for a subgroup including 6 of the patients, the interevent times were independent and governed by an exponential probability distribution. Differences in observed behavior of symptomatic AF may relate to differences in underlying mechanism within patients.
Pathways of Chlorinated Ethylene and Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction with Zn(0)

To successfully design treatment systems relying on reactions of chlorocarbons with zero-valent metals, information is needed concerning the kinetics and pathways through which transformations occu...
A directional gamma ray detector using a single chip computational sensor

This paper presents the design and test results of a computational radiation sensor system based on a single chip solution that can determine the direction of gamma rays emitted from a radiation source. The overall system is formed by merging a sensor section with a compact and low power computational radiation sensor section. The sensor section houses three NaI gamma ray detectors arranged in a spatial configuration that allows for direction finding. The computational sensor is based on a single chip solution developed by authors that houses multiple low power sensor front ends, event driven analog-to-digital converters, and a dedicated microcontroller on the same die. The presented system is capable of gathering the pulse height spectra from the gamma isotope data received from the three separate NaI detectors. Further processing of the data is possible by executing software algorithms using the computation resources available on chip. To that end, a compact fixed-point program was developed to perform on-chip real-time gamma ray collection and direction estimation. The single chip solution was fabricated in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology with field tests demonstrating the validity of the approaches taken. The total computational sensor system power consumption is less than 20 µW, excluding the detector power consumption. The gamma isotope direction finding program executes in less than 1 ms with 5° accuracy.
Assessment of the Site of Ventricular Activation by Fourier Analysis of Gated Blood-Pool Studies

The authors studied the use of first-harmonic Fourier analysis of gated blood-pool images to assess the site of ventricular activation in a group of 12 patients undergoing electrophysiologic pacing studies. They acquired gated blood-pool studies during pacing at up to four sites at each of two different rates. A total of 50 studies were made. At a pacing rate of 100 beats/min, when the pacing electrode was the right-ventricular outflow tract, 7/8; at the anterolateral left-ventricular wall, 4/4. When the Fourier activation site was at the right-ventricular apex, 9/9 times the pacing electrode was there; at the right-ventricular outflow tract, 7/10; in the left ventricle, 4/4. Fourier analysis of gated blood-pool studies can help identify the site of ventricular activation but is not sufficiently accurate to fully replace endocardial mapping.
Psychoform and somatoform dissociation and PTSD in deaf adults.

Both deafness and dissociation disconnect people from certain aspects of the external environment. Dissociation among the deaf population has been largely neglected as an area of scientific investigation. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to examine the psychometrics of 2 dissociation measures—the Dissociation scale of the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire–20 (SDQ-20); and second, to evaluate the relationship between dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in deaf adults. A diverse sample of 79 deaf adults was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, the TSI, and the SDQ-20. Results provided support for the concept of psychoform dissociation, as measured by the TSI Dissociation scale, in deaf adults. However, somatoform dissociation, as measured by the SDQ-20, showed lower internal consistency. The SDQ-5, a shortened version of the SDQ-20, was unreliable in the current sample. Deaf adults were significantly higher on psychof...
Multi-material, multi-technology FDM: exploring build process variations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a build process variation for fused deposition modeling (FDM) in which contours and rasters (also referred to as internal fill patterns) are built using different layer thicknesses and road widths. In particular, the paper examines the effect of the build process variation on surface roughness, production times and mechanical properties. Additionally, a unique FDM process was developed that enabled the deposition of discrete multiple materials at different layers and regions within layers. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-material, multi-technology FDM system was developed and constructed to enable the production of parts using either discrete multi-materials or the build process variation (variable layer thickness and road width). Two legacy FDM machines were modified and installed onto a single manufacturing system to allow the strategic, spatially controlled thermoplastic deposition with multiple extrusion nozzles of multiple materials during t...
Estimating lean mass over a wide range of body composition: a calibration of deuterium dilution in the arctic ground squirrel.

Calculating body water through isotope dilution has become a useful way to nondestructively estimate body composition in many species. The most accurate estimates using this method require calibration against proximate chemical analysis of body composition for individual species, but no studies to our knowledge have calibrated this method on a hibernating mammal that seasonally undergoes dramatic changes in body composition. We use deuterium oxide to estimate total body water in captive arctic ground squirrels, Urocitellus parryii, and compare two approaches of calculating lean mass from total body water, both calibrated against lean mass based on proximate analysis. The first method uses a single tissue hydration constant to calculate lean mass from total body water; the second method uses a predictive equation to calculate lean mass from total body water and body mass. We found that the predictive equation performs better over the large range of body composition common to this species. Distillation of blood samples did not affect lean mass estimates from either calculation method. These findings indicate that isotope dilution using a predictive equation should work well as an alternative to destructive methods in other small mammals that undergo radical changes in body composition across their annual cycle. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Body composition of birds and mammals is a key metric in many physiological and ecological studies. The most accurate method for measuring body composition, proximate analysis, directly determines the mass of body water, fat, and lean dry mass by chemical extraction; [1] however, this method is destructive and precludes repeated sampling. Many methods have been developed to estimate body composition nonlethally and even noninvasively, including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which directly estimates fat and lean mass content. [2] In contrast to DXA, several of these methods depend on the difference in water content (hereafter, 'hydration') between lipid and lean tissue, including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC), and isotope dilution. Of these, stable isotope dilution is particularly attractive because, unlike other methods, it is insensitive to the position of the animal during measurements and does not require technical equipment in the field. Here we present a brief description of the method and some outstanding issues underlying its current application across different taxa. Estimation of body composition through isotope dilution involves injecting a known quantity of water labeled with eitherdeuterium ( 2 H)or 18 O into thebodywater pool and mea
MemSAT: checking axiomatic specifications of memory models

Memory models are hard to reason about due to their complexity, which stems from the need to strike a balance between ease-of-programming and allowing compiler and hardware optimizations. In this paper, we present an automated tool, MemSAT, that helps in debugging and reasoning about memory models. Given an axiomatic specification of a memory model and a multi-threaded test program containing assertions, MemSAT outputs a trace of the program in which both the assertions and the memory model axioms are satisfied, if one can be found. The tool is fully automatic and is based on a SAT solver. If it cannot find a trace, it outputs a minimal subset of the memory model and program constraints that are unsatisfiable. We used MemSAT to check several existing memory models against their published test cases, including the current Java Memory Model by Manson et al. and a revised version of it by Sevcik and Aspinall. We found subtle discrepancies between what was expected and the actual results of test programs.
Construction of low‐variability litters of preweaning mice

Mouse litter variation at weaning stems from a combination of genetic makeup, intrauterine experience, and postnatal maternal care. The 1st 2 factors may be matched at birth by making up separate litters out of littermate pairs whose birth weights are equal (+/-.02 g). Maternal competence may be matched by exchanging the mothers between the 2 cages each day. These tactics yield litters at weaning whose variability has been very much reduced. The range of litter-average body weights has been reduced from about 40 percent to about 5 percent and the range of litter-average brain weights has been reduced from about 15 percent to about 1-2 percent.
Traversing the Center: The Politics of Language Use in a Catholic Religious Education Program for Immigrant Mexican Children

This article examines the implementation of educational policy in a religious education program at a Los Angeles Catholic parish. It charts the elimination of Spanish-based classes (doctrina) for Mexican immigrant children in favor of “English-only” instruction. The article offers insights into the politics of language use in everyday practice and examines the resulting educational policy decisions.
Dissecting a complex chemical stress: chemogenomic profiling of plant hydrolysates

The efficient production of biofuels from cellulosic feedstocks will require the efficient fermentation of the sugars in hydrolyzed plant material. Unfortunately, plant hydrolysates also contain many compounds that inhibit microbial growth and fermentation. We used DNA-barcoded mutant libraries to identify genes that are important for hydrolysate tolerance in both Zymomonas mobilis (44 genes) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (99 genes). Overexpression of a Z. mobilis tolerance gene of unknown function (ZMO1875) improved its specific ethanol productivity 2.4-fold in the presence of miscanthus hydrolysate. However, a mixture of 37 hydrolysate-derived inhibitors was not sufficient to explain the fitness profile of plant hydrolysate. To deconstruct the fitness profile of hydrolysate, we profiled the 37 inhibitors against a library of Z. mobilis mutants and we modeled fitness in hydrolysate as a mixture of fitness in its components. By examining outliers in this model, we identified methylglyoxal as a previously unknown component of hydrolysate. Our work provides a general strategy to dissect how microbes respond to a complex chemical stress and should enable further engineering of hydrolysate tolerance.
Reply to Octavia, Wingler, Schmidt, and Moens

we thank octavia et al. ([5][1]) for their interest in our recent study ([1][2]) in the Journal of Applied Physiology and for their kind appraisal. They concluded their letter with the statement that “no direct evidence is provided for a pathogenic role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)
Measurement of motor recovery after stroke. Outcome assessment and sample size requirements.

The purpose of this study was to analyze recovery of motor function in a cohort of patients presenting with an acute occlusion in the carotid distribution. Analysis of recovery patterns is important for estimating patient care needs, establishing therapeutic plans, and estimating sample sizes for clinical intervention trials.We prospectively measured the motor deficits of 104 stroke patients over a 6-month period to identify earliest measures that would predict subsequent motor recovery. Motor function was measured with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to a training set for model development; 50 patients were assigned to a test set for model validation. In a second analysis, patients were stratified on basis of time and stroke severity. The sample size required to detect a 50% improvement in residual motor function was calculated for each level of impairment and at three points in time.At baseline the initial Fugl-Meyer motor scores accounted for only half the variance...
A review of statistical methods for the meteorological adjustment of tropospheric ozone

Abstract A variety of statistical methods for meteorological adjustment of ozone have been proposed in the literature over the last decade for purposes of forecasting, estimating ozone time trends, or investigating underlying mechanisms from an empirical perspective. The methods can be broadly classified into regression, extreme value, and space–time methods. We present a critical review of these methods, beginning with a summary of what meteorological and ozone monitoring data have been considered and how they have been used for statistical analysis. We give particular attention to the question of trend estimation, and compare selected methods in an application to ozone time series from the Chicago area. We conclude that a number of approaches make useful contributions to the field, but that no one method is most appropriate for all purposes and all meteorological scenarios. Methodological issues such as the need for regional-scale analysis, the nonlinear dependence of ozone on meteorology, and extreme value analysis for trends are addressed. A comprehensive and reliable methodology for space–time extreme value analysis is attractive but lacking.
On inner-outer and spectral factorizations

This paper outlines methods for computing the key factorizations necessary to solve general H2 and H? linear optimal control problems.
“Still, she didn't see what I was trying to say”:Towards a history of framing Navajo English in Navajo written poetry

: This paper outlines the ways that Navajo poetry was framed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as “unsophisticated” and non-literary by the introductory materials written by non-Native Americans for collections of Native American poetry. At issue was a view that saw the use of Navajo English, a distinctive vernacular dialect, as a deficient form of language use and the ways this was iconically read as an exemplar of the “inarticulate” Indian stereotype. I analyse the way that T.D. Allen presents Navajo poet Blackhorse Mitchell's first written poem and I contrast that with the ways that Mitchell described the motivations for the writing of the poem, the meaning of the poem, and the ways that in performing the poem in 2008 he changes the tense system that was imposed by Allen onto the poem back to a Navajo English aspectual system. Mitchell reasserts his authorship over this poem and the expressive potential of that poem.
Accumulation and Inactivation of Avian Influenza Virus by the Filter-Feeding Invertebrate Daphnia magna

The principal mode of avian influenza A virus (AIV) transmission among wild birds is thought to occur via an indirect fecal-oral route, whereby individuals are exposed to virus from the environment through contact with virus-contaminated water. AIV can remain viable for an extended time in water; however, little is known regarding the influence of the biotic community (i.e., aquatic invertebrates) on virus persistence and infectivity in aquatic environments. We conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the ability of an aquatic filter-feeding invertebrate, Daphnia magna, to accumulate virus from AIV-dosed water under the hypothesis that they represent a potential vector of AIV to waterfowl hosts. We placed live daphnids in test tubes dosed with low-pathogenicity AIV (H3N8 subtype isolated from a wild duck) and sampled Daphnia tissue and the surrounding water using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) at 3- to 120-min intervals for up to 960 min following dosing. Concentrations of viral RNA averaged 3 times higher in Daphnia tissue than the surrounding water shortly after viral exposure, but concentrations decreased exponentially through time for both. Extracts from Daphnia tissue were negative for AIV by cell culture, whereas AIV remained viable in water without Daphnia present. Our results suggest daphnids can accumulate AIV RNA and effectively remove virus particles from water. Although concentrations of viral RNA were consistently higher in Daphnia tissue than the water, additional research is needed on the time scale of AIV inactivation after Daphnia ingestion to fully elucidate Daphnia's role as a potential vector of AIV infection to aquatic birds.
A Template-based Methodology for Large-Scale HA/DR involving Ephemeral Groups - A Workflow Perspective

Large-scale HA/DR typically requires massive rescue operations from many organizations. Among the involved parties, ephemeral groups - those volunteers that happen to be readily available for help - are critical to a timely and massive rescue effort. Timely and accurate processing of crisis information and effective communication have been documented as critical elements of disaster relief operations. Despite the lessons learned from previous crises, preparing information for HA/DR and ineffective information sharing remain a recurring and almost unattainable task for relief agencies, especially in situations involving numerous ad-hoc groups. The purpose of this paper is to extend our earlier work that uses a template-based methodology to archive past disaster relief operations and communications, create "descriptive" templates for advanced preparedness, and design "normative" templates for fast execution of operations, while reducing miscommunications among aid agencies and ephemeral groups
Which fuzzy logic is the best: Pragmatic approach (and its theoretical analysis)

In this position paper, we argue that when we are looking for the best fuzzy logic, we should specify in what sense the best, and that we get different fuzzy logics as ''the best'' depending on what optimality criterion we use.
Channelization and floodplain forests: Impacts of accelerated sedimentation and valley plug formation on floodplain forests of the Middle Fork Forked Deer River, Tennessee, USA

We evaluated the severe degradation of floodplain habitats resulting from channelization and concomitant excessive coarse sedimentation on the Middle Fork Forked Deer River in west Tennessee from 2000 to 2003. Land use practices have resulted in excessive sediment in the tributaries and river system eventually resulting in sand deposition on the floodplain, increased overbank flooding, a rise in the groundwater table, and ponding of upstream timber. Our objectives were to: (1) determine the composition of floodplain vegetation communities along the degraded river reach, (2) to isolate relationships among these communities, geomorphic features, and environmental variables and (3) evaluate successional changes based on current stand conditions. Vegetation communities were not specifically associated with predefined geomorphic features; nevertheless, hydrologic and geomorphic processes as a result of channelization have clearly affected vegetation communities. The presence of valley plugs and continued degradation of upstream reaches and tributaries on the impacted study reach has arrested recovery of floodplain plant communities. Historically common species like Liquidambar styraciflua L. and Quercus spp. L. were not important, with importance values (IV) less than 1, and occurred in less than 20% of forested plots, while Acer rubrum L., a disturbance-tolerant species, was the most important species on the site (IV = 78.1) and occurred in 87% of forested plots. The results of this study also indicate that channelization impacts on the Middle Fork Forked Deer River are more temporally and spatially complex than previously described for other river systems. Rehabilitation of this system necessitates a long-term, landscape-scale solution that addresses watershed rehabilitation in a spatially and temporally hierarchical manner. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Affirmative Action and the Stigma of Incompetence

The article focuses on affirmative action (AA) and the stigma that employees who benefit from AA are incompetent. The article mentions a study where male and female managers of a large insurance firm were provided with data concerning hypothetical computer programmers including information such as employee photographs and hiring information. It states that women with the hiring office notation “Hired through Women/Minority Recruiting Program” were rated as less competent as men and women who were not hired through the recruiting program. It suggests that affirmative action programs have resulted in a subtle form of discrimination against the people these programs are meant to help.
Structure of a microbiol mat at Great Sippewissett Marsh, Cape Cod, Massachusetts

The microzination of phototrophic bacteria in a flat laminated microbiol mat at Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, was studied using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, light microscopy and photosynthetic pigment analysis. Comparison of pigment content and ultrastructural information from electron microscopy of thin sections allowed us to determine the major groups of photosynthetic bacteria present. The approximately 1-cm-thick mat is located in sandy intertidal sediments of the marsh and comprised four to five distinctly colored layers. The uppermost brown layer contained Lyngbya, Nostoc, Phormidium (cyanobacteria) and Navicula (diatom) species. An intermediate bluish-green layer was dominated by Oscillatoria species. A central pink layer contained purple sulfur bacteria such as Amoebobacter, Thiocapsa, Chromatium and Thiocystis species, Below this was a distinctive orange layer, formed largely by one species of purple sulfur bacteria, Thiocapsa pfennigii. The lowermost and thinnest layer contained green sulfur bacteria of the genus Prosthecochloris, a very small prosthecate species with numerous knobby projections; this layer was not always present. Below this, where pigments were generally absent, were dark gray and black iron sulfide-rich sediments. Remnants of older decayed mats could be found deeper in the sediment. Extensive production of microbial extracellular polymers in all layers appeared to be responsible for attachment of cells to sand grains, for lamination of layers and for structural integrity of the mat as a whole. Below the layer of green sulfur bacteria, binding of sediment by microbial polymers ceased abruptly. Possibly in response to decreasing light penetration, the mean size of bacterial cells decreased in successively deeper layers. In the lowest layer where light penetration was very low, green sulfur bacteria with highly convoluted surfaces occurred. The increase in cell surface area-to-volume ratio may allow such organisms to survive at low light levels.
A Prospective Evaluation of 2 Different Pain Management Protocols for Total Hip Arthroplasty

Pain management after total hip arthroplasty has improved dramatically in the past decade. However, most protocols use opioid medications for pain control. In the current study, 100 patients were prospectively selected to receive a traditional narcotic-based patient-controlled analgesia protocol or a nonnarcotic oral protocol for pain management after primary total hip arthroplasty. Therapy programs were similar for both groups. Postoperatively, patients were followed daily for opioid use, medication adverse effects, pain control, and overall satisfaction. The nonnarcotic oral group showed lower mean pain scores during the first 24 hours after surgery. The satisfaction rate was high in both groups. Both protocols provided adequate pain control after total hip arthroplasty; the nonnarcotic pain management protocol resulted in significantly decreased opioid consumption and fewer adverse effects.
Estimating percentage constitutive heterochromatin by flow cytometry

Abstract Flow cytometry is a powerful method for the assessment of both plant and animal genomes. One of the most interesting aspects is the analysis of chromatin structure. By using intercalating and base pair-specific fluorochromes, the chromatin structure in various cell cultures and microorganisms has been determined. In this study, several maize lines of known heterochromatic composition were analyzed. The nuclei of each line were isolated and stained with DAPI (base pair specific) and PI (intercalator) separately. For each maize line, the PI DAPI ratio was determined. A significant negative correlation was observed between C-band number and PI DAPI ratio ( r = 0.920) and between percentage heterochromatin and PI DAPI ratio ( r = 0.997). Flow cytometry with use of the fluorochromes DAPI and PI was found to be a rapid and efficient method of determining heterochromatin amount in maize.
Infrared vibrations of hematite formed from aqueous- and dry-thermal incubation of Si-containing ferrihydrite

Ferrihydrite samples having Si/Fe molar ratios ranging from 0 to 1 were synthesized by the reaction of Fe2(SO4)3 and Na2SiO3 with NaOH to an equilibrium pH of 8.2. Hematite formed by incubating the ferrihydrite (Si/Fe molar ratios -0.10 did not transform to hematite following the aqueous-thermal treatment. The ferrihydrite samples were thermally treated for 2 hr at consecutive 100*C intervals from 100 ~ to 8000C. The Si-free ferrihydrite transformed at 300"C to poorly crystalline hematite. Transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that the hematite consisted of aggregates of spheroidal particles of 20-80 /~ cross sections. Broad IR bands were observed at 529 and 452 cm-l; however, after heating the sample to 800~ the particle cross sections increased to about 150--600 A, and additional IR bands were present at 378 and 325 cm -~. The differences in the IR patterns of hematite formed from ferrihydrite at 300 ~ and 800~ were probably due to increases in particle size and aggregation and improved crystallinity of the hematite particles following the higher temperature treatment. The hematite formed by the thermal transformation of the ferrihydrite having a 0.01 Si/Fe molar ratio was also spheroidal, and IR vibrations were present at about 528 and 443 cm -~. An increase in the temperature of the thermal treatment, however, did not result in additional IR bands. Differences in the IR vibrations of hematite formed during aqueous- and dry-thermal treatments of the ferrihydrite samples were probably due to differences in the particle size and morphology of the product. The Si content, due to its effect on particle size of the precursor and the prevention of sintering and particle growth of hematite, influenced the IR pattern of the product. Particle morphology and IR spectroscopy may therefore be useful indicators of the precursor of hematite and the conditions of hematite formation in soil.
Application of Vulnerability Discovery Models to Major Operating Systems

A number of security vulnerabilities have been reported in the Windows, and Linux operating systems. Both the developers, and users of operating systems have to utilize significant resources to evaluate, and mitigate the risk posed by these vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities are discovered throughout the life of a software system by both the developers, and external testers. Vulnerability discovery models are needed that describe the vulnerability discovery process for determining readiness for release, future resource allocation for patch development, and evaluating the risk of vulnerability exploitation. Here, we analytically describe six models that have been recently proposed, and evaluate those using actual data for four major operating systems. The applicability of the proposed models, and the significance of the parameters involved are examined. The results show that some of the models tend to capture the discovery process better than others.
Does memory transfer imply limits on human knowledge

Readers are invited to submit letters for publication in this section. Free discussion, comment, speculation, and criticism of matters having general interest to other readers of the International Journal of Neuroscience will receive prompt attention, providing points are briefly made. The editor reserves the right to terminate correspondence at any time at his discretion, and to shorten letters he considers too long for publication.
Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon

A PDF version of this book is available for free in open access via the OAPEN Library platform (www. oapen. org).Historically and contemporarily, politically and literarily, Haiti has long been relegated to the margins of the so-called 'New World.' Marked by exceptionalism, the voices of some of its most important writers have consequently been muted by the geopolitical realities of the nation's fraught history. In Haiti Unbound, Kaiama L. Glover offers a close look at the works of three such writers: the Haitian Spiralists Franketienne, Jean-Claude Fignole, and Rene Philoctete.While Spiralism has been acknowledged by scholars and regional writer-intellectuals alike as a crucial contribution to the French-speaking Caribbean literary tradition, the Spiralist ethic-aesthetic not yet been given the sustained attention of a full-length study. Glover's book represents the first effort in any language to consider the works of the three Spiralist authors both individually and collectively, and so fills an astonishingly empty place in the assessment of postcolonial Caribbean aesthetics.Touching on the role and destiny of Haiti in the Americas, Haiti Unbound engages with long-standing issues of imperialism and resistance culture in the transatlantic world. Glover's timely project emphatically articulates Haiti's regional and global centrality, combining vital 'big picture' reflections on the field of postcolonial studies with elegant close-reading-based analyses of the philosophical perspective and creative practice of a distinctively Haitian literary phenomenon. Most importantly perhaps, the book advocates for the inclusion of three largely unrecognized voices in the disturbingly fixed roster of writer-intellectuals that have thus far interested theorists of postcolonial (Francophone) literature. Providing insightful and sophisticated blueprints for the reading and teaching of the Spiralists' prose fiction, Haiti Unbound will serve as a point of reference for the works of these authors and for the singular socio-political space out of and within which they write.
Attachment, Identity Gaps, and Communication and Relational Outcomes in Marital Couples’ Public Performances

Marital couples’ public performances require the joint communication of two individuals to present a unique entity—the relationship, while remaining true to each partner’s identity. As such, couples are at a greater risk of experiencing identity gaps and their adverse effects. In this study, 153 married couples completed measures about their attachment, personal-enacted and couple-enacted identity gaps, their degrees of communication satisfaction, feelings of being understood, relational satisfaction, and commitment. Results revealed several actor and partner effects for husbands and wives’ attachment with identity gap experiences. Partner effects were also found for identity gaps with communication satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and commitment supporting the communicative nature of identity gaps. Ultimately, identity gaps appear to affect husbands and wives’ sense of “we-ness” surrounding public performances.
A Study Of The Discriminative Function Of Six Variables In 9-12-Year-Old Males With Learning Disabilities

STUDY OF THE DISCRIMINATIVE FUNCTION OF SIX VARIABLES IN 9-12-YEAR-OLD MALES WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
Heterogeneous Integration Techniques

This paper briefly describes several methods of integrating optoelectronic devices onto silicon substrates.
Quantitative Changes in Blood Sugar and in Blood Lactic Acid in Canine Anaphylaxis

Changes in blood sugar and blood lactic acid during anaphylactic shock have been noted in certain animal species. Hiersch and Williams,1 for example, found blood sugar increased in about half of their anaphylactic rabbits. Zunz and La Barre 2 report a marked hyperglycemia in the initial stages of guinea-pig anaphylaxis, accompanied by an increase in blood lactic acid. This was followed by a hypoglycemia with decreased blood lactic acid. Blood sugar and blood lactic acid determinations have apparently not been made in canine anaphylaxis. The only study of carbohydrate changes in canine anaphylaxis is that of O'Neill,3 who noted that glycogen disappears almost quantitatively from the canine liver during the first 15 minutes of typical anaphylactic shock.
Effect of pregnancy and exercise on actomyosin, nucleic acid, and glycogen content of the rat heart.

SummaryPregnant rats were exercised for 7 days during different gestational periods and cardiac actomyosin, nucleic acids, and glycogen were measured. Cardiac contractile protein appeared unaltered in exercised, pregnant, and pregnant-exercised groups. Myocardial RNA concentration increased during pregnancy as long as exercise did not cause cardiac hypertrophy. Rats pregnant for 14 or 21 days exhibited hypoglycemia and elevated cardiac glycogen; exercise increased cardiac glycogen and decreased placental glycogen in the last third of pregnancy. Exercising pregnant rats did not result in any obvious deleterious effects either to the mother or to the offspring.
Doing drag: A visual case study of gender performance and gay masculinities

Academic and public interpretations of drag performance have been bound by the argument that drag queens reveal the non‐essential nature of gender but still reinforce the hegemonic gender order through portrayals of emphasized femininity. I offer a fresh perspective on professional drag queen performance by examining how it intersects with the gay masculinity of an accomplished performer. By incorporating visual research methods, life‐history analysis, and field observations, I find that drag performance is a salient way to reify aspects of gay masculinity that are otherwise rejected by the hegemonic gender order. When alternative masculinities are met with acceptance the hegemonic gender order is subverted and masculinity can be expanded in lasting ways. Researchers would do well to treat sexuality as a key component of gender in drag performances and the audience as an active participant.
Impact of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccinations on Reported Pertussis Cases Among Those 11 to 18 Years of Age in an Era of Waning Pertussis Immunity: A Follow-up Analysis

Importance There is accumulating literature on waning acellular pertussis vaccine–induced immunity, confirming the results of studies assessing the duration of protection of pertussis vaccines. Objective To evaluate the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine’s effect over time among those 11 to 18 years old, while accounting for the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines for the childhood primary series. Design, Setting, and Participants Extended, retrospective analysis of reported pertussis cases between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2014, in the United States. The analysis included all nationally reported pertussis cases. Exposure US Tdap vaccination program and the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. Main Outcomes and Measures Rate ratios of reported pertussis incidence (defined as incidence among 11- to 18-year-old individuals divided by the combined incidence in all other age groups) modeled with segmented regression analysis and age-specific trends in reported pertussis incidence over time. Results Between 1990 and 2014, 356 557 pertussis cases were reported in the United States. Of those, 191 914 (53.8%) were female and 240 665 (67.5%) were white. Overall incidence increased from 1.7 in 100 000 to 4.0 in 100 000 between 1990 and 2003, while latter years were dominated by epidemic peaks. Incidence was highest among infants younger than 1 year throughout the analysis period. Pertussis rates were comparable among all other age groups until the late 2000s, when an increased burden of pertussis emerged among children 1 to 10 years old, resulting in the second highest age-specific incidence. By 2014, 11- to 18-year-old individuals once again had the second highest incidence. While slope coefficients from segmented regression analysis showed a positive impact of Tdap immediately following introduction (slope, −0.4959; P P Conclusions and Relevance While the impact of Tdap among adolescents looked promising following vaccine introduction, our extended analysis found that trends in adolescent disease were abruptly reversed in 2010, corresponding directly to the aging of acellular pertussis–vaccinated cohorts. Despite the apparent limitations of Tdap, it remains the best prevention against disease in adolescents.
Food and Culture: From Local Relationality to Global Responsibility

The author presents different ways that negligence with regard to one’s diet wreaks havoc on other aspects of life. She demonstrates how the transition in food perspectives away from agricultural roots and the important interpersonal relationships that put food on the table creates physical and relational health problems for individuals as well as the communities in which they live. Farming methods focusing on monoculture and related practices can have devastating consequences that harm the environment, local economies, and individual communities. However, she demonstrates that when consumers are actively interested in what they are eating and are engaged with the process of buying and cooking food, they can be inspired to make healthier food choices. As a result, the community can become closer and more economically viable. While the author notes that there may be some benefits to the specialization of agriculture, she concludes that these systems cannot sustain the ever-evolving needs of the world. Instead, she calls consumers to pay closer attention to the ramifications of their purchases to promote health, enhance relationships within cultures, and restore an understanding of the ways that nature sustains life.
Exocrine Secretions in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

The findings of various investigative studies of the composition of glandular secretions in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas are presented. The duodenal fluid, secretion of the bronchial glands, saliva, tears and sweat are abnormal in this metabolic disease. Abnormalities of composition, viscosity, and electrolytic and organic components and their relationship to rate of secretory flow are reviewed, and other conditions are mentioned in which some of these abnormalities may be found.
Sequestered actin in chick embryo fibroblasts.

Chick embryo fibroblasts contain about 75-100 μM unpolymerized actin and at least four proteins which can bind actin monomers, actin depolymerizing factor (ADF), gelsolin, profilin, and thymosin β4 (Tβ4). Fibroblast extracts are analyzed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting where most of the G-actin is detected as a complex with Tβ4. When fibroblast extracts are fractionated by gel filtration and the fractions are analyzed by PAGE and HPLC, most of the G-actin elutes in a peak that also contains Tβ4 at an overall molar ratio of 1.9:1 relative to actin. Gelsolin, profilin, and ADF are also detectable in the gel filtration eluate and at least partly coelute with actin, and account for only a minor fraction of the soluble actin pool. These observations indicate that under the growth conditions studied, Tβ4 is the major actin-sequestering protein in fibroblasts.
Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Sorting in Polarized Epithelial Cells

The transport functions of epithelial cells in the GI tract, and elsewhere, are made possible by their remarkable membrane asymmetry. Membrane polarity is achieved by a combination of intracellular sorting operations, vectorial delivery mechanisms and membrane-specific docking, fusion, and retention. Here we provide a review of this rapidly evolving research field within a historically relevant context.
ANMLzoo: a benchmark suite for exploring bottlenecks in automata processing engines and architectures

High-performance automata-processing engines are traditionally evaluated using a limited set of regular expressionrulesets. While regular expression rulesets are valid real-world examples of use cases for automata processing, they represent a small proportion of all use cases for automata-based computing. With the recent availability of architectures and software frameworks for automata processing, many new applications have been found to benefit from automata processing. These show a wide variety of characteristics that differ from prior, popular regular-expression benchmarks, and these should be considered when designing new systems for automata processing. This paper presents ANMLZoo, a benchmark repository for automata-based applications as well as automata engines for both von-Neumann and reconfigurable dataflow architectures. To demonstrate the usefulness of ANMLZoo, we first characterize diversity in the benchmark suite. We then present insights from five experiments showing how ANMLZoo can be used to expose bottlenecks in both automata-processing software engines and hardware architectures.
Microbial Community Functional Potential and Composition Are Shaped by Hydrologic Connectivity in Riverine Floodplain Soils

Riverine floodplains are ecologically and economically valuable ecosystems that are heavily threatened by anthropogenic stressors. Microbial communities in floodplain soils mediate critical biogeochemical processes, yet we understand little about the relationship between these communities and variation in hydrologic connectivity related to land management or topography. Here, we present metagenomic evidence that differences among microbial communities in three floodplain soils correspond to a long-term gradient of hydrologic connectivity. Specifically, all strictly anaerobic taxa and metabolic pathways were positively associated with increased hydrologic connectivity and flooding frequency. In contrast, most aerobic taxa and all strictly aerobic pathways were negatively related to hydrologic connectivity and flooding frequency. Furthermore, the genetic potential to metabolize organic compounds tended to decrease as hydrologic connectivity increased, which may reflect either the observed concomitant decline of soil organic matter or the parallel increase in both anaerobic taxa and pathways. A decline in soil N, accompanied by an increased genetic potential for oligotrophic N acquisition subsystems, suggests that soil nutrients also shape microbial communities in these soils. We conclude that differences among floodplain soil microbial communities can be conceptualized along a gradient of hydrologic connectivity. Additionally, we show that these differences are likely due to connectivity-related variation in flooding frequency, soil organic matter, and soil N. Our findings are particularly relevant to the restoration and management of microbially mediated biogeochemical processes in riverine floodplain wetlands.
Ultrafast Exciton Dissociation and Long-Lived Charge Separation in a Photovoltaic Pentacene–MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction

van der Waals heterojunctions between two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and nanomaterials of different dimensions present unique opportunities for gate-tunable optoelectronic devices. Mixed-dimensional p–n heterojunction diodes, such as p-type pentacene (0D) and n-type monolayer MoS2 (2D), are especially interesting for photovoltaic applications where the absorption cross-section and charge transfer processes can be tailored by rational selection from the vast library of organic molecules and 2D materials. Here, we study the kinetics of excited carriers in pentacene–MoS2 p–n type-II heterojunctions by transient absorption spectroscopy. These measurements show that the dissociation of MoS2 excitons occurs by hole transfer to pentacene on the time scale of 6.7 ps. In addition, the charge-separated state lives for 5.1 ns, up to an order of magnitude longer than the recombination lifetimes from previously reported 2D material heterojunctions. By studying the fractional amplitudes of the MoS2 decay proces...