cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methane production during zooplankton grazing on marine phytoplankton

Zooplankton produced CH, while grazing on marine phytoplankton during laboratory experiments. We consider anaerobic microniches within zooplankton digestive tracts to be the most likely site for such methanogenesis. Methane production appeared to be zooplankton species-specific rather than dependent on the phytoplankton species being grazed. The amount of CH, produced (4-20 nmol copepod-’ d-l) was sufficient under experimental conditions to make a significant contribution to the formation and maintenance of oceanic subsurface CH, maxima. The methanogenic substrates monomethylamine and trimethylamine were constituents of the diatom, dinoflagellate, and flagellate phytoplankton species used in the CH, production feeding experiments. Dimethylamine was present in two of the three algal species. Trimethylamine was the most abundant methylamine in all cases and was present in sufficient quantity to account for the CH, production observed during copepod feeding experiments. Methanogens in these experiments would need to convert only 412% of the phytoplankton methylamines available to copepods during grazing to produce CH, concentrations observed in the experimental flasks.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Association with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Studied by SPM

Studies have been performed on both as-received and chemically oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) grown by two different growth methods to better understand the preferential association of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide T30 (ODN) with SWCNTs. Samples of T30 ODN:SWCNT were examined under ambient conditions using non-contact scanning probe microscope (SPM) techniques. The resulting images show different morphologies ranging from tangled networks of SWCNTs to individual, well-dispersed isolated SWCNTs as the sonication time is increased. SPM images of well-dispersed, as-received SWCNTs reveal isolated features that are 1.4 to 2.8 nm higher than the bare SWCNT itself. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed these features to be T30 ODN in nature. Chemically oxidizing the SWCNTs before sonication is found to be an effective way to increase the number of T30 ODN features.
Approximate Confidence Limits for the Ratio of Two Binomial Variates with Unequal Sample Sizes

We propose a sequential method to construct approximate confidence limits for the ratio of two independent sequences of binomial variates with unequal sample sizes. Due to the nonexistence of an unbiased estimator for the ratio, we develop the procedure based on a modified maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). We generalize the results of Cho and Govindarajulu (2008) by defining the sample-ratio when sample sizes are not equal. In addition, we investigate the large-sample properties of the proposed estimator and its finite sample behavior through numerical studies, and we make comparisons from the sample information view points.
Journal club for faculty or residents: a model for lifelong learning and maintenance of certification.

AbstractThe journal club offers a model for lifelong learning and maintenance of certification (MOC) for residents and faculty staff. First, it sharpens participants’ critical appraisal skills by providing a space to discuss relevant medical literature. Second, it motivates participants to seek new medical literature on their own using technology.Our model sets forth a four-year journal club curriculum that could be used as one continuous curriculum or in bits and pieces. In the first year, the focus is teaching residents how to read an article. The second year focuses on what is of interests to the reader. The third year applies the resident's appraisal skills to assigned articles to test whether they can determine which have reliable and valid findings and which are flawed. In the fourth year residents are asked to distinguish whether articles are well researched and referenced.Our model also motivates participants to read articles in faculty journal clubs throughout their career. In most academic setti...
Examining tournament theory in academe: implications for the field of human resource development

In a unique approach to applying theory to practice based on concepts of participant observation, this paper discusses and analyses potential applications of tournament theory to the academe with specific implications to the field of human resource development (HRD). For purposes of this paper, tournament theory, originally intended to explain large compensation packages given to CEOs and other executives, provides analysis and predictions for academe and specifically to the field of HRD, where predictions are not very optimistic for those entering the field as academics. The paper argues that tournaments in academe are becoming more complex and more difficult to compete and win, thus making it much more difficult to advance in the academe.
Unexplained Systemic Manifestations of Malignant Lung Tumors

Pulmonary tumors may be bizarre and variable in their clinical manifestations. The authors and others have recently focused attention upon systemic effects of malignant tumors, some of which seem to be the result of the production of hormones by the tumor or stimulation by the endocrine glands by the tumor or a product of it, to secrete abnormal amounts of hormones. The mechanism is not clear. This again may be just another abnormal host reaction to the tumor. The physiologic aberrations are interesting and, as a rule, the prognosis in these “hormone-secreting” tumors is rather unfavorable. In the authors' personal series of over 1,600 lung tumors, several patients with severe hypertrophy, and pulmonary osteoarthropathy, have experienced immediate relief after the removal of the tumor even though metastases remained unresected. The unusual and fascinating neuromyopathy, malignant carcinoid syndrome, masculinizing syndrome, marked hypoglycemia, Cushing-like syndrome, feminizing syndrome, and other systemic manifestations have been encountered in the management of malignant lung tumors. An intensive study of these fascinating and unexplained physiologic manifestations should shed important light on these, and possibly many other physiologic aberrations. The various systemic manifestations of malignant lung tumors have been discussed and illustrative cases presented.
DISPERSAL OF CONE AND SEED INSECTS TO AN ISOLATED DOUGLAS-FIR TREE IN WESTERN OREGON

Cone and seed insects frequently cause severe losses to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed production in the Pacific Northwest (Hedlin et al. 1981; Ruth 1980). Two of the major species west of the Cascades are the Douglas-fir cone gall midge (Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)) and the Douglas-fir seed chalcid (Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)). These two species are host specific on Douglas fir and exhibit an extended diapause in which more than 50% of each year's cohort may remain in diapause under host trees for 1 or more years (Annila 1982; Hedlin 1961; Hedlin et al. 1981; Johnson 1962). The economic and biological costs of chemical control have supported recommendation of alternative control measures, particularly (1) establishing seed orchards some distance from sources of coneand seed-insect populations, and (2) removing all cones and burning litter as a means of reducing such populations (Hedlin et al. 1981; Ruth 1980). The success of these two options depends on the dispersal strategies of cone and seed insects (Johnson 1962), but information on dispersal has been lacking. The purpose of this study was to obtain such information.
The relationship between weight, age, and average daily gain to show performance of Georgia 4-H and Future Farmers of America (FFA) commercial dairy heifers

Abstract Three studies were conducted to determine the relationship between dairy heifer growth and placing in the show ring. In the first study, 1,744 commercial dairy heifers (all breeds and crossbred animals) were evaluated to determine effects of growth on placing within Georgia Commercial Dairy Heifer Shows from 2007 to 2010. Birth weights were determined using breed birth weight averages, with crossbreeds being the average of 2 parent breeds. Average daily gains (ADG) were calculated and heifers were given rankings based on placing in show and for age and weight. Data was analyzed using the Spearman correlation calculations in the SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Age and ADG were inversely correlated (r=−0.89). Mean ADG for all heifers was determined to be 0.65kg, below National Research Council recommendations of 0.7 to 0.8kg. No strong relationship (r=−0.07) was observed between ADG and placing. Heavier heifers within a class showed a small positive relationship (r=0.10) with placing. For study 2, 238 heifers shown at the 2010 Georgia Junior National Livestock Show (Perry, GA) were measured and evaluated for ADG, placing, body weight, age, withers height, hip height, hip width, and jaw width. Height at withers had a moderate relationship (r=0.42) with placing, followed by hip height (r=0.32). A positive relationship (r=0.65) was observed between withers height and hip height. The correlation between weight and placing was determined (r=0.11). Age and ADG had a strong inverse relationship (r=−0.87). Study 3 evaluated 1,489 Holstein heifers shown from 2007 to 2010. Data was analyzed using the Penn State Growth Monitor Spreadsheet Curves. In total, 63.75% did not meet Penn State recommendations for body weight gain. Performance and physical features associated with age indicates that commercial dairy heifers are underfed. The effects of heat stress and high feed costs also play a role. This has economic implications because these animals will likely require more time before they enter the milk herd. The Commercial Dairy Heifer Program is vital for youth development in Georgia. However, those involved need to be encouraged to improve nutritional management practices.
Government officials’ representation of nurses and migration in the Philippines

During the past few decades, the nursing workforce has been in crisis in the United States and around the world. Many health care organizations in developed countries recruit nurses from other countries to maintain acceptable staffing levels. The Philippines is the centre of a large, mostly private nursing education sector and an important supplier of nurses worldwide, despite its weak domestic health system and uneven distribution of health workers. This situation suggests a dilemma faced by developing countries that train health professionals for overseas markets: how do government officials balance competing interests in overseas health professionals' remittances and the need for well-qualified health professional workforces in domestic health systems? This study uses case studies of two recent controversies in nursing education and migration to examine how Philippine government officials represent nurses when nurse migration is the subject of debate. The study finds that Philippine government officials cast nurses as global rather than domestic providers of health care, implicating them in development more as sources of remittance income than for their potential contributions to the country's health care system. This orientation is motivated not simply by the desire for remittance revenues, but also as a way to cope with overproduction and lack of domestic opportunities for nurses in the Philippines.
Cyberknife radiosurgery in treating trigeminal neuralgia

Purpose To assess the short term efficacy of Cyberknife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods 17 consecutive patients with medically or surgically refractory unilateral TN were treated with Cyberknife radiosurgery. Using superimposed CT cisternogram and MR images, the target segment of the trigeminal nerve was consistently defined as a 6 mm length of nerve approximately 2–3 mm distal to the dorsal root entry zone of the brainstem. A radiosurgical rhizotomy was performed with the Cyberknife utilizing a single collimator to deliver an average maximum dose of 73.06 Gy (range 72.91–73.73) to the target. Results Follow-up data were available for 16 of the 17 patients post-treatment (range 1–27 months, average 11.8 months). Overall, 14 of 16 (88%) patients responded favorably with either partial or complete relief of symptomatology. 11 of these patients were successfully free of all pain at some point in their post-treatment course, with seven patients pain free to the last follow-up visit (average 5.0 months, range 1–13 months). Symptoms recurred in four patients, taking place at 3, 7.75, 9 and 18 months after Cyberknife therapy. Only two patients reported side effects. One patient developed a bothersome feathery dysesthesia while the second patient reported a non-bothersome mild jaw hypoesthesia. There were no substantial complications related to stereotactic radiosurgery. Conclusion Cyberknife radiosurgery is a viable treatment alternative in patients with TN with competitive efficacy demonstrated in our group of patients while minimizing adverse effects.
Levels Of Learning In Mathematics Teaching And Learning

This paper presents the levels of teaching and learning (concrete, representational and abstract) that could be used to present ideas and concepts in different content areas at different grade levels. When used properly, the levels of learning are powerful tools, facilitators of students’ development of abstract thinking (which happens in the student’s mind), and effective instructional tools for meeting students’ specific learning styles and interests.
Towards the creation of accessibility agents for non-visual navigation of the web

In this paper, we highlight the main research directions currently pursued by the investigators for the development of new tools to improve Web accessibility for users with visual disabilities. The overall principle is to create intelligent software agents used to assist visually impaired individuals in accessing complex on-line data organizations (e.g., tables, frame structures) in a meaningful way. Accessibility agents make use of knowledge representation structures (automatically or manually derived) to assist users in developing navigation plans; these are employed to locate given pieces of information or to answer user's desired goals.
Residential and Logistical Strategies in the Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers on the Kodiak Archipelago

My goal in this chapter is to model and evaluate evolutionary change in hunter-gatherer settlement and subsistence strategies on the North Pacific coast, specifically the southeastern portion of the Kodiak Archipelago in the Gulf of Alaska. The North Pacific forms an interesting case with reference to Binford’s forager—collector model because it is characterized by a diverse and seasonally productive maritime environment (in summer) punctuated by seasonal impoverishment (in winter). A combination of oceanographic, geological, and climatic factors encourages high primary productivity, and a variety of resident and migratory species can he found in the near shore and littoral zones. In many areas, complex coastlines are characterized by tight ecological packing of exposed rocky shorelines, deep fjords, open etnbayments, and lagoons. This compression encourages considerable ecological diversity across a limited distance. These are conditions that Binford and others have claimed should encourage logistical mobility and a reliance on seasonal storage (Binford 1980, 1990; Steffian et al. 1998; Yesner 1980, 1998)
Determinants of Individual Level Satisfaction with Community Based Natural Resources Management: A Case of Five Communities in Namibia

Using a logistic regression model, this paper examines key factors that influence individual support for communal conservancies in Namibia. It tests the hypothesis that if individuals are compensated for their wildlife related losses, they are more likely to support community based wildlife management projects. Data for this study were collected from 472 members of five conservancies in the Caprivi Region of Namibia. Respondents were selected through convenience sampling. The key findings are that receiving meat, activity during the Annual General Meeting (AGM), and being a member of a specific conservancy are the key predictors of satisfaction with the conservancy among the respondents. On the other hand, cash and jobs have no significant impact on individual attitudes toward communal conservancies. Based on these findings, the paper argues that the focus on incentives omits broader factors that motivate individuals to participate in community-based conservation.
Old World Tethyan occurrences of Lyrischapa (Gastropoda; Volutidae) and biogeographic implications

Lyrischapa Aldrich (1911), originally described from the Eocene of North America, is represented in the Old World Tethyan paleobiotic province by three species that previously have been referred to other genera: L. haimei (d'Archiac), from the late Paleocene or early Eocene upper Ranikot Formation of Pakistan; L. sismondai (d'Archiac), from the upper Ranikot Formation and the late Paleocene Hangu Shales of Pakistan; and L. soudanense (Douville), from the late Paleocene Kalambaina Formation in the Republic of Niger. A fourth unnamed species of Lyrischapa may be represented by an internal mold from the middle Eocene Khirtar Formation of Pakistan. Lyrischapa probably originated within the ancient Tethys seaway between Eurasia and the Gondwana continents of Africa and southern India because its oldest known occurrence (late Paleocene) and closest relatives (Indovoluta Eames, 1952; Gosavia Stoliczka, 1865, 1868; possibly also Diconomorpha Wenz, 1943) are in that region. It has no apparent ancestor among described American Paleogene or Cretaceous Volutidae. Because its large protoconch suggests that it lacked a teleplanic larval stage, the trans-Atlantic migration of Lyrischapa to the New World probably resulted from chance dispersal, either by rafting of egg masses attached to floating plant debris or by drift of floating egg capsules.
Formal and Informal Institutions Governing Native Americans During the Dawes Act Era

A number of women were appointed Special Agents in the Department of Indian Affairs in the late 19th century. One woman who had great influence on Native American policy and who served in such a position, Alice Fletcher, claimed that 'To work among these people saps close to the fountain of power of us women.' While there were many friends of the Indian, male and female, women were among those who claimed special authority to speak on behalf of Native American interests and who worked both inside and in support of institutions that helped determine many aspects of individual and family life for Native Americans during the Dawes Act era. Field matrons, missionaries, educators, and agents of the YWCA and Women's National Indian Association were engaged in efforts to Christianize and civilize the Native American family, and these efforts were clearly not irrelevant to determinations about who was fit to 'take the next step' in joining Anglo-America. This paper pays special attention to the role of Special Agents and other white actors on the reservation in determining fitness for citizenship and fitness to alienate lands during the probationary period stipulated by the Dawes Act. These are judicial and quasi-judicial decisions. I am interested both in the creation of institutions and of the public-private collaborations that constituted the practices of these institutions shaping the fate of many Native Americans on these dimensions.
Temporally asymmetric constraints on mental simulation: Retrospection is more constrained than prospection.

In this chapter, we explore whether the peculiarity of contemplating a futuristically fantastical past tense might reflect an important facet of mental simulation in the past versus future tense. In addition to being good science fiction we develop the hypothesis that past tense mental simulation (retrospection) feels different and is more constrained - more subject to “reality checks” - than is future tense mental simulation (prospection). We further hypothesize that temporally asymmetric constraints on retrospection render it as phenomenologically different from prospection (i.e., more effortful and difficult) and lead retrospection to yield predictably different judgmental outcomes from those that follow from prospection.
The Determination of Isotopic Masses and Abundances by Mass Spectrometry

A brief re view of mass spectrometry is given with special emphasis on the use of double focusing mass spectrometers. Recent work on the determination of precise atomic masses is discussed. A Table showing the comparison between the 1953 International Table of Atomic Weights and atomic weights calculated from physical measurements alone is provided.
Addressing College Access and Success Gaps in Traditionally Underrepresented Populations: The North Carolina Early College High School Model.

Most states now allow qualifying high school students to take college courses free, or at a reduced rate, while still enrolled in secondary education, saving students and their families tens of thousands of dollars. Increased access, however, has not necessarily led to increased student success in terms of academic achievement and completion rates, especially among students from traditionally underrepresented populations. Racial and ethnic minorities, first-generation students, and students from low socio-economic status (SES) families continue to have lower than average college completion rates. The North Carolina early college model, in particular, has demonstrated effectiveness in improving high school graduation rates and college readiness among traditionally underrepresented populations.
Maternal Inheritance of Protoporphyrins of the Harderian Glands in Mice

ConclusionThus the conclusion seems justified that another parallelism between cancer susceptibility and the presence of protoporphyrin in the Harderian gland is evident (maternal inheritance). Such a series of observations (even though they be in the nature of parallelism or correlation only) seems to be more than fortuitous. The level of protoporphyrins in the Harderian gland is probably a reflection of protoporphyrin metabolism throughout the body, and whether protoporphyrins (probably by a sensitizing action) have any effect on cancer or not must be tested further by the suitable administration of protoporphyrins to experimental animals. This experiment is in progress.
Aggregation Indices of Cotton Arthropods in Texas

Two indices were used to quantify the aggregation of cotton arthropods: the parameter K of the negative binomial distribution and Morisita's index of dispersion I δ. Using frequency distribution data the average values of these indices were calculated. In general there was close agreement between K and I δ. Cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Rueter), nymphs were more aggregated than fleahopper adults. A greater degree of aggregation was observed for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, eggs than for boll weevil adults. Bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), eggs exhibited more aggregation than Heliothis spp. larvae. Aggregation continued to decrease as the Heliothis spp. larvae became full grown. Among the predatory cotton arthropods, lady beetles and minute flower bugs, Orius spp., displayed the greatest amount of aggregation. Big-eyed bugs, Geocoris spp., were less aggregated and the spatial distributions of spiders were the least aggregated of the predatory arthropods.
Characterization of Novel Split-Fluorescent Proteins and Quantitative Analysis of their Self-Assembly Process

Numerous biotechniques rely on the use of split-fluorescent proteins (split-FPs) to visualize protein-protein interactions, to fluorescently label cells, to assemble nanomaterials or to study the nanoscale dynamics of individual biomolecules in vivo. Surprisingly little is known about the reassembly mechanisms of split-FPs and there is a lack of characterization concerning their biochemical and biophysical properties including fragment binding rates, folding and chromophore maturation rates and overall FP brightness following the interaction of complementary peptide fragments. Through targeted mutagenesis we have developed a variety of self-complementing and asymmetric split-FPs (sGFP, sYFP, sCFP) and characterized their in vitro and in vivo photophysical and biochemical properties using fluorescence kinetic measurements, fluorescence anisotropy, cell imaging, and single molecule biophysical techniques. We show that, in vitro, split-FP complementation follows a conformational selection mechanism whereby the larger split-FP fragments exist in a monomer-dimer equilibrium and only monomers are competent for binding the smaller peptide fragments. This bimolecular interaction involves a slow and irreversible binding step of the peptide followed by a fast maturation step of the FP chromophore. Interestingly, under large excess of the small peptide fragment, split-FPs populate an intermediate state and the complementation proceeds via a different reaction pathway involving a conformational change of the larger split-FP fragment. Based on these in vitro characterizations, the brightest and the fastest maturing split-FPs were expressed as fusion proteins in cells to assess their biochemical behaviors in vivo and their respective performance for ensemble and single molecule cellular imaging. This study resulted in development of novel split-GFP and split-YFP variants with improved maturation kinetics, brightness, and photostability for Complementation Activated Light Microscopy (CALM) imaging of cellular processes.
Jet Fragmentation in CDF

Production of jets of hadrons in e + e - annihilations and at large momentum transfer in hadron-hadron interactions is powerful evidence for elementary parton interactions.The fundamental connection between the parton and its hadronised state remains intractable to precise calculation with QCD. The characteristics of the jet components must be determined from experiment. This is a first, preliminary contribution to that lore inferred from p p interactions at 1.8 TeV observed in CDF [1] at Fermilab. The energy in a typical jet in CDF appears in a pseudorapidity interval ∆η ~ 0.5 and an azimuth-angle interval Δϕ ~ 0.5 rad. Momenta of the charged particles in a jet were determined from properties of tracks recorded in the cylindically symmetric drift chamber in the axial magnetic field whose magnitude was 1.5 Tesla. Transverse momenta of isolated tracks were measured with relative precision given by (δP t /P t )2 ~ (.002 P t )2 + (.003)2, which is a lower limit to the accuracy which can be achieved for tracks within a jet. Positions along the axial (z) direction were determined to an accuracy of about 4 mm. The event in Fig. 1 projected on the transverse plane is typical of a two jet final state.
The Role of Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases in the Golgi Complex

Determining the abundance of phospholipids and neutral lipids in cellular membranes is paramount to understanding their biological functions. Many lipid-modifying enzymes have yet to be characterized due to limitations in substrate-product measurements and purification of membrane-bound enzymes. The method described here uses radiolabeled phospholipid substrates and cell-purified organelles to quantify phospholipid metabolism using thin-layer chromatography. This assay has the benefits of being specific and adaptable for numerous applications and systems.
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Imaging of Chiral Crystals

All chiral crystals are symmetry-allowed for second-harmonic generation, providing a sensitive and selective detection approach for characterizing protein crystals and crystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Methods and applications are described.
Cisplatin-Induced Renal Salt Wasting Requiring over 12 Liters of 3% Saline Replacement.

Cisplatin is known to induce Fanconi syndrome and renal salt wasting (RSW). RSW typically only requires transient normal saline (NS) support. We report a severe RSW case that required 12 liters of 3% saline. A 57-year-old woman with limited stage small cell cancer was admitted for cisplatin (80 mg/m2) and etoposide (100 mg/m2) therapy. Patient’s serum sodium (SNa) decreased from 138 to 133 and 125 mEq/L within 24 and 48 hours of cisplatin therapy, respectively. A diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was initially made. Despite free water restriction, patient’s SNa continued to decrease in association with acute onset of headaches, nausea, and dizziness. Three percent saline (3%S) infusion with rates up to 1400 mL/day was required to correct and maintain SNa at 135 mEq/L. Studies to evaluate Fanconi syndrome revealed hypophosphatemia and glucosuria in the absence of serum hyperglycemia. The natriuresis slowed down by 2.5 weeks, but 3%S support was continued for a total volume of 12 liters over 3.5 weeks. Attempts of questionable benefits to slow down glomerular filtration included the administration of ibuprofen and benazepril. To our knowledge, this is the most severe case of RSW ever reported with cisplatin.
Tailoring diagnostic studies in hand, foot and mouth disease: polymerase chain reaction testing of lesional skin.

Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious enteroviral infection with the potential for significant morbidity. In recent years, there has been an increase in atypical cutaneous manifestations of HFMD. We present a pilot case series utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing of lesional skin to render a diagnosis of HFMD. These preliminary results suggest that lesional skin PCR testing could be an effective and minimally-invasive test for diagnosing HFMD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An Evolutionary Framework for Analyzing the Distance Preserving Property of Weighted Graphs

A subgraph H of a given graph G is isometric if the distances between every pair of vertices in H are the same as the distances of those vertices in G. We say a graph G is distance preserving if there exists an isometric subgraph of every possible order up to the order of G. Distance preserving property has been applied to many real world problems such as route recommendation systems and all kinds of shortest-path-related applications. Here, we propose a biologically-inspired search algorithm to address the problem of finding isometric subgraphs that consequently determines if a given graph is distance preserving. In this algorithm, using a well defined fitness function, selection operator selects almost isometric subgraphs to generate the offspring for the next generation. There is a trade-off between the population size and searching speed. On one hand, the larger the population size is, the slower the search algorithm would be. On the other hand, by increasing the population size, we increase the likelihood of finding an existing isometric subgraph. Experimental results depict the performance of the proposed algorithm in finding isometric subgraphs even for challenging problems, and interestingly by these results one can see that "almost" all graphs are distance preserving. In closing, we show the smallest distance preserving graph whose product factors are not distance preserving. This graph has 80 vertices, and can be used as benchmark for algorithms in this concept.
Replication-Coupled Nucleosome Assembly in the Passage of Epigenetic Information and Cell Identity

During S phase, replicated DNA must be assembled into nucleosomes using both newly synthesized and parental histones in a process that is tightly coupled to DNA replication. This DNA replication-coupled process is regulated by multitude of histone chaperones as well as by histone-modifying enzymes. In recent years novel insights into nucleosome assembly of new H3–H4 tetramers have been gained through studies on the classical histone chaperone CAF-1 and the identification of novel factors involved in this process. Moreover, in vitro reconstitution of chromatin replication has shed light on nucleosome assembly of parental H3–H4, a process that remains elusive. Finally, recent studies have revealed that the replication-coupled nucleosome assembly is important for the determination and maintenance of cell fate in multicellular organisms.
Observer design and analysis of wnt-cell cycle joint pathway

Modeling of Cellular pathways is marred by the fact that the values of the model parameters vary in a wide range. In contrast, binary state space models of the cellular pathways do not need such parametrization. For such binary state space models controller design framework is required. Recently proposed semi-tensor product (STP) approach shows great promise in this regard. Based on that approach, the authors have proposed Controller/Intervention design for the joint cellular pathway of Wnt and Cell Cycle. Wnt pathway plays critical role in cell growth and differentiation. Its aberration may lead to cancer. However, the proposed intervention approach assumes the knowledge of all the states of the model. The current work ventures at the estimation of these state variables in a binary state space framework. It is shown that the designed and implemented Luenberger like observer tracks Wnt pathway states with high fidelity.
Additive Manufacturing – A New Challenge for Automation and Robotics

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly growing technology descended from the first stereolithography systems. AM describes a variety of material deposition technologies for forming objects in a digital manner layer-by-layer under computer control. Now commonly known as 3D printing, AM quickly branched out into several key directions – material extrusion, sheet lamination, direct energy deposition, vat polymerization, powder bed fusion, binder jetting, and material jetting. The common factor in all AM branches is a foundation in robotics and automation. While most of the mechanical 3D printing structures are based on simple gantry systems, there are Gough-Stewart platforms and, more recently, six or more DoF manipulator-based systems that have been developed. Currently available commercial systems are based on open-loop control with minimum sensing capabilities; the latest systems in development are starting to take advantage of complex feedback loops and layers of advanced sensing and data logging. The Manufacturing Demonstration Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory is leading the efforts in applying advanced robotics in the creation of large-scale 3D printers. The recent demonstration of an additively manufactured excavator at the CONEXPO 2017 exhibition in Las Vegas showed that the use of cutting edge robotics and automation is essential for the next generation of additive systems. The future of AM will heavily rely on advanced robotics, machine learning, and the internet of things. This paper summarizes progress in AM; presents the practical aspects, challenges, and lessons learned in developing robotic-based AM systems; and outlines the needs and future directions of robotics for AM.
Dual Comb Spectroscopy with a Free-Running Bi-irectional Mode-Locked Thulium Fiber Laser

We present a Thulium fiber laser mode-locked bi-directionally with a carbon nanotube saturable absorber and demonstrate single shot dual-comb spectroscopy of H 2 O in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) with the laser.
The NSWAP module for network swap

Swapping between nodes in a cluster of workstations to improve system performance has been discussed by several research papers in the recent past [2] [3]. Studies of workstation usage patterns show that most of the resources in a cluster of workstation are free most of the time even at peak workloads [1]. As a result, there will almost always be idle remote memory for an overloaded node to use as swap space. In addition, faster networks and slowly increasing disk speeds make swapping to remote memory an increasingly attractive option. We present a network swapping system called “nswap” implemented as a loadable kernel module for for the Linux kernel. nswap features a rapid response time even in the case of out of date information about remote hosts, a load balancing scheme through page migrations, and smooth fail-over to disk in case network swap space becomes scarce. The nswap module, conceptually divided into a pseudo-device driver client and a memory server, achieves these goal using a set of protocols described in the poster.
Saffman Taylor Finger Problem with Thin Film Effects

A Hele-Shaw cell is a pair of parallel very long plates each of width 2a that are separated by a small gap b such that b ≪ a. The motion of a less viscous fluid displacing a more viscous fluid in this geometry is the simplest of a heirarchy of increasingly complex but related problems in pattern formation that include dendritic crystal growth and directional solidification (see Pelce1 and Kessler, Koplik & Levine2 for recent reviews).
Assessment of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation using 111In-EC-antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody in animal models

1953 Objectives Kinase blockade is an effective therapeutic strategy in the clinic. However, non-invasive methods to discern which patients bear the target (and therefore presumably are more likely to respond) remain a critical challenge. This study was aimed to radiosynthesize 111In-labeled phosphotyrosine antibody for assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation activity. Methods We labeled an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody with indium (111In) using ethylenedicysteine (EC) as a chelator (111In-EC-P-Tyr). We hypothesized that tumor phosphokinase activity would be discernible by in vivo planar imaging with the use of 111In-EC-P-Tyr. A xenograft (A431) expressing amplified EGFR was used as a model, with H441 (wild-type EGFR) xenografts as a control. Results 111In-EC-P-Tyr successfully imaged A431 tumor xenografts. After the mice ingested the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib for three consecutive days, tumor uptake changes in the A431 model could be imaged by 111In-EC-P-Tyr, but not in the H441 model. Biodistribution studies confirmed tumor uptake of 111In-EC-P-Tyr. Conclusions Our results inidcate that 111In-EC-P-Tyr is a novel imaging agent that can assess tumor phosphotyrosine kinase activity in animal models. Such an agent merits investigation in the clinic to determine if it can detect early evidence of changes in phosphotyrosine kinase levels after treatment with a kinase inhibitor.
Developing a Model for Integrating Professional Practice and Evidence-Based Teaching Practices into BME Curriculum

Undergraduate biomedical engineering (BME) programs typically consist of courses from several different academic departments combined with BME-specific courses taught by faculty trained in a variety of disciplines. While some students embrace this diversity in courses and disciplinary perspectives, many students struggle with how to translate these experiences into career opportunities. BME students are often concerned that they are perceived as a "jack of all trades, master of none." In 2016, our department sought to find new ways to integrate BME professional practice into our curriculum. Informed by organizational change theory, we asked: (1) is there potential for change; (2) what strategies facilitate change; and (3) how can these strategies be implemented? As a result, we developed an Instructional Design Sequence, a new approach to instruction in which students, post docs, and faculty create short Modules that use evidence-based teaching practices to expose BME students to BME professional practice. This paper describes how the Sequence was conceptualized and demonstrates how theory can be used to inform practice. The resultant Sequence is a transferrable model for transforming engineering education, offering a mechanism for integrating new career relevant curriculum into undergraduate curriculum, while training future educators in instructional evidence-based practices.
Online learning in schools of business: what influences faculty to teach online?

College students today are much more diverse in their needs than in the past (e.g., they may live off campus, work full or part time, and seek ways to lessen college-related debt). Institutions of ...
Article Commentary: The Continued Challenge of Staphylococcus aureus in the Surgical Patient:

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a common pathogen from community-acquired infections and for infections after surgical procedures. A review of the history of this pathogen indicates that it w...
A Political Prosopography of the Islamic Republic

What does the state look like in post-revolutionary Iran, and who is occupying state offices? No publication has ever come close to providing as detailed a picture as Boroujerdi and Rahimkhani’s Po...
Multiple Co-Occurring Vestibular Disorders Identified Using the Dizziness Symptom Profile.

Purpose The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the interrelations among vestibular disorders from a data set generated from the patient perspective as compared to previous data g...
Assessment of Safe Cartilage Harvesting Quantity in the Shoulder: A Cadaveric Study.

Purpose To evaluate the volume and yield of morselized cartilage that can be harvested from the shoulder for immediate reimplantation and repair.
Current Concepts of Dentinal Hypersensitivity.

Abstract Introduction Although many clinical studies have reported on the prevalence of dental pain, far fewer studies have focused on the mechanisms of dental pain. This is an important gap because increased understanding of dental pain mechanisms may lead to improved diagnostic tests or therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the literature on the mechanisms of dentinal sensitivity. Methods PubMed and Ovid were searched for articles that addressed dentinal pain and or pulpal sensitivity. Because of the breadth of research ranging from cellular/molecular studies to clinical trials, a narrative review on the mechanisms of dentinal sensitivity was constructed based on the literature. Results Five various mechanisms for dentinal sensitivity have been proposed: (1) the classic hydrodynamic theory, (2) direct innervation of dentinal tubules, (3) neuroplasticity and sensitization of nociceptors, (4) odontoblasts serving as sensory receptors, and (5) algoneurons. Conclusions These theories are not mutually exclusive, and it is possible that several of them contribute to dentinal sensitivity. Moreover, pulpal responses to tissue injury may alter the relative contribution of these mechanisms. For example, pulpal inflammation may lead to neuronal sprouting and peripheral sensitization. Knowledge of these mechanisms may prompt the development of therapeutic drugs that aim to disrupt these mechanisms, leading to more effective treatments for pulpal pain.
Laser for Skin Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvantation

Skin has received considerable attention for vaccination in the past decade owing to its rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and better immune responses as compared to the muscle. Vaccination via the skin instead of the muscle may also make it possible to develop safer adjuvants and needle-free delivery systems. In the past 5 years we have developed a novel laser-based vaccine adjuvant (LVA) in which the inoculation site is briefly illuminated by a safe laser that enhances the motility and antigen-uptake of APCs. The brief illumination also facilitates emigration of APCs from the skin to draining lymph nodes. While greatly enhancing vaccination efficacies, LVA exhibits minimal local side effects and has no long-term side effects since no foreign or self materials are administered into the body apart from antigen itself. This novel strategy primes the inoculation site for better immune responses, in contrast to conventional vaccine adjuvants that all augment the immunogenicity by altering a form of the antigens. As such, LVA doesn’t require any formation with the antigen and can potentially act as a universal vaccine adjuvant. Indeed, this physical type LVA can sufficiently boost immune responses induced by ovalbumin (OVA), influenza vaccine, nicotine vaccine, and so on. Besides LVA, we have also explored a laser-facilitated patch delivery system for needle-free, painless transcutaneous immunization. The system is based on ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment to generate an array of self-renewable microchannels (MCs) in the skin, through which topically applied vaccines can enter the skin readily. The laser treatment also results in active recruitment of APCs to the vicinity of each MC where APCs can more effectively take up antigens around or within the MCs, leading to ~100 times higher immune response against OVA than tape stripping-based patch delivery. In this chapter, we introduce these technologies and their preclinical studies and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
Die Psychologie als wissenschaftliches System

Bei einem Psychologie-Lehrbuch ist der Leser auch zugleich der Stoff des Buches; er bringt ein ganzes Leben voll Erfahrung mit, hat bereits Beobachtungen uber sein eigenes Verhalten und das von anderen angestellt und hat Erklarungen dafur bereit, wie bestimmte Vorgange miteinander zusammenhangen und warum er selbst ein bestimmtes Verhalten zeigt. Manchmal versucht er vorauszusagen, wie andere auf sein Verhalten reagieren werden. Schlieslich und endlich versucht er Kontrolle auszuuben, indem er sein eigenes Verhalten andert, seine Umwelt umgestaltet und andere beeinflust.
Attribution of foot bones to sex and population groups

Although cranial and pelvic bones are the preferred skeletal material used by forensic anthropologists to assign unknown individuals to their most probable sex and population (racial) groups, these remains may be unavailable. This paper presents models for classification using metatarsals, proximal pedal phalanges, and the first distal phalanx of the foot. Measurements include lengths and mediolateral and dorsoplantar widths of these foot bones. Four samples of 40 individuals each (black and white males and females) comprise the dataset. Models were developed separately for right and left sides. Three models are provided for each side: a metatarsal model, a proximal phalangeal model, and a combination model involving selected metatarsal and phalangeal measurements. A stepwise discriminant procedure was used for variable selection, with some highly correlated (r > 0.85) variables subsequently removed. The metatarsal models correctly assign approximately 77-84% of individuals to their correct sex and population groups; proximal phalangeal models yield correct assignments in 70-72% of cases, and the combination models give correct classifications in 87% of cases. Models exchanging variables selected from one side for corresponding variables on the other show discriminating power ranging from approximately 67-86%. More conservative "jackknife" estimates give correct assignments in 64-82% of cases. When these models are used for classification of sex alone, 86.2-93.7% ("jackknife" range, 84.3-91.2%) of cases are correctly classified; for race alone, 78.6-96.2% ("jackknife" range, 75.5-92.4%).
THE HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHOCREATINE AND THE ORIGIN OF URINARY CREATININE

Shaffer (1), Myers and Fine (2), and Hahn and Meyer (3) adduced evidence that muscle creatine is the precursor of urinary creatinine. This was questioned by Chanutin and Kinard (4) but was conclusively proved by Bloch, Schoenheimer, and Rittenberg (5, 6) by isotope tracer evidence, which also showed that creatinine was the only normal urinary constituent containing any significant amount of body creatine nitrogen (1).