cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Complementation of an Outer Membrane Cytochrome omcB Mutant of Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 Requires omcB Plus Downstream DNA

Anaerobically grown cells of the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 contain multiple outer membrane (OM) cytochromes. A gene replacement mutant (strain OMCB1) lacking the OM cytochrome OmcB is markedly deficient in the reduction of MnO2 and exhibits reduced rates of Fe(III) reduction. The levels of other OM cytochromes are also decreased in OMCB1. Complementation of OMCB1 with wild-type omcB did not restore any of these defects. However, a 21-kb genomic fragment from MR-1, which included omcB and 19 kb of downstream DNA, fully restored MnO2 and Fe(III) reduction and the full complement of OM cytochromes to OMCB1. A 14.7-kb DNA fragment, including omcB and 12 kb of downstream DNA, provided only a modest increase in MnO2 reduction and OM cytochrome content, but it fully restored Fe(III) citrate reduction and partially restored FeOOH reduction. While omcB mRNA was readily detected in this complement, the OmcB protein was not detected in any cellular compartment. The restoration of Fe(III) reduction despite the absence of OmcB suggests that OmcB itself is not required for Fe(III) reduction. Another OM cytochrome, OmcA, was mislocalized to the cytoplasmic membrane of OMCB1. Only the 21-kb genomic fragment was able to restore proper localization of OmcA to the OM. This 21-kb fragment does not contain omcA, but it does contain several open reading frames (ORFs) downstream from omcB. The most downstream of these ORFs (altA) encodes a putative AraC-like transcriptional regulator. However, a gene replacement mutant of altA resembled the wild type with respect to MnO2 reduction, OM cytochrome content, and the localization of OmcA and OmcB to the OM. Since OMCB1 continues to express genes immediately downstream from omcB, the lack of expression of this downstream DNA does not explain its phenotype or the need for the large complementing fragment. The results suggest that the DNA downstream of omcB must be present in cis in order to restore Fe(III) reduction, MnO2 reduction, OM cytochrome content, and the localization of OmcA and OmcB to the OM.
Aggregates of bacteriophage 0305φ8-36 seed future growth

Lytic bacteriophage 0305φ8-36 forms visually observed aggregates during plaque formation. Aggregates intrinsically lower propagation potential. In the present study, the following observations indicate that lost propagation potential is regained with time: (1) Aggregates sometimes concentrate at the edge of clear plaques. (2) A semi-clear ring sometimes forms beyond the plaques. (3) Formation of a ring is completely correlated with the presence of aggregates at the same angular displacement along the plaque edge. To explain this aggregate-derived lowering/raising of propagation potential, the following hypothesis is presented: Aggregation/dissociation of bacteriophage of 0305φ8-36 is a selected phenomenon that evolved to maintain high host finding rate in a trade-off with maintaining high rate of bacteriophage progeny production. This hypothesis explains ringed plaque morphology observed for other bacteriophages and predicts that aggregates will undergo time-dependent change in structure as propagation potential increases. In support, fluorescence microscopy reveals time-dependent change in the distance between resolution-limited particles in aggregates.
Inhibitory Effect of Progesterone on Cervical Tissue Formation in a Three-Dimensional Culture System with Human Cervical Fibroblasts

Progesterone supplementation is recommended to prevent preterm birth in women with a short cervix, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesize that progesterone acts by altering the composition of the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM). We tested this hypothesis using human cervical fibroblasts in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. For 2D culture, cells were seeded in 6-well plates and cultured with media supplemented with estradiol (10−8 M), progesterone (10−7 or 10−6 M), and vehicle. For 3D culture, the cells were cultured on a porous silk protein scaffold system. Progesterone and estrogen receptors were documented by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In both 2D and 3D cultures, decreased collagen synthesis was seen with increased progesterone concentration. Three-dimensional cultures could be maintained significantly longer than 2D cultures, and the morphology of 3D cultures appeared similar to native cervical tissue. Thus, further studies were performed in 3D culture. To determine the effect of progesterone concentration, the 3D scaffolds were cultured with estradiol (10−8 M) and five conditions: vehicle; 10−9, 10−8, or 10−7 M progesterone; or 10−7 M progesterone plus 10−6 M mifepristone. The highest progesterone concentration correlated with the least amount of collagen synthesis. Collagen synthesis progressively increased as progesterone concentration decreased. This effect was partially antagonized by mifepristone, suggesting the mechanism is mediated by the progesterone receptor. This hormonally responsive 3D culture system supports the hypothesis that progesterone has a direct effect on remodeling cervical ECM during pregnancy. The 3D culture system could be useful for studying the mechanism of progesterone effects on the cervix.
The Integration of Creative Drama in an Inquiry-Based Elementary Program: The Effect on Student Attitude and Conceptual Learning

Creative drama activities designed to help children learn difficult sci- ence concepts were integrated into an inquiry-based elementary science program. Children (n = 38) in an upper elementary enrichment program at one primary school were the participants in this action research. The teacher-researcher taught students the Full Option Science System TM (FOSS) modules of sound (fourth grade) and solar energy (fifth grade) with the integration of creative drama activities in treatment classes. A 2 9 2 9 (2) Mixed ANOVA was used to examine differences in the learning outcomes and attitudes toward science between groups (drama and non-drama) and grade levels (4th and 5th grades) over time (pre/post). Learning was measured using the tests included with the FOSS modules. A shortened version of the Three Dimension Elementary Science Attitude Survey measured attitudes toward science. Students in the drama treatment group had significantly higher learning gains (F = 160.2, p \ 0.001) than students in the non-drama control group with students in grade four reporting significantly greater learning outcomes (F = 14.3, p \ 0.001) than grade five. There was a significantly statistical decrease in student attitudes toward science (F = 7.5, p \ 0.01), though a small change. Creative drama was an effective strategy to increase science conceptual learning in this group of diverse elementary enrichment students when used as an active extension to the pre-existing inquiry-based science curriculum.
Fabrication of an Electrically Conducting Full-Interpenetrating Polymer Network

Full-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) comprised of a styrene crosslinked polythiophene derivative and a crosslinked polystyrene network were synthesized and characterized. The IPNs were prepared by first crosslinking the pendant groups of a vinyl derivatized polythiophene with styrene monomer and then polymerizing and crosslinking styrene monomer in a swollen gel of the crosslinked polythiophene network. The doped forms of these full-IPNs reached conductivities as high as 0.5 S/cm. Conductivity stability studies showed that the IPNs are more stable than the as-prepared conjugated polymer at 40 °C but somewhat less stable at 80 °C.
Driver exposure: The indirect approach for obtaining relative measures

Abstract The induced exposure procedure is used to obtain three indices: relative exposure index, liability index and hazard index. Values of these indices are computed for the following categories: rural/urban, male/female, age (7), day/night, time of day, weekend/weekday for 1.7 million qccidents in 25 states. The liability index comparing males under 20 with males 21–24 agrees quite well with established weighting factors for an insurance group.
Characterization of T-cell-soluble factors modulating the expression of Ia and H-2 antigens on BALB/c B lymphoma cell lines.

Abstract The effect of supernatants of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (CAS) on the expression of various antigens, especially Ia antigens, on BALB/c B lymphoid cells, was examined. This study demonstrates the following: (i) CAS enhanced the expression of Ia antigens on four out of five BALB/c lymphoid cell lines, (ii) CAS selectively modulates the expression of la and H-2D, but not sIgM or viral gp70 expression, on X16C 8.5 tumor cells. The enhanced levels of Ia expression on B lymphoid tumor cells were also detected by using anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies, (iii) The molecular weight of soluble factors) affecting Ia and H-2 was approximately 40,000 estimated by gel nitration on a Sephadex G-200 column. (iv) Type 1 interferon but not interleukin 1, interleukin 2, or T-cell-replacing factor enhanced the expressions of Ia and H-2D antigens, (v) The activity of CAS-modulating Ia and H-2 antigens was eliminated by acidic treatment. It was concluded from this study that at least one of the factor(s) in CAS, modulating the antigenic expression of B-lymphoid cells, was interferon-like in nature. From our findings, a possible immunoregulatory mechanism by interferon was suggested: T cells, after stimulation of mitogens or antigens, secrete interferons which modulate the expression of Ia and H-2 on B cells. Then B cells, whose la and H-2 were modulated selectively by T-soluble factors(s), might interact with T cells much more efficiently.
Topographic controls on shallow groundwater dynamics: implications of hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and riparian zones in a till mantled catchment

Hydrologic connectivity is regarded as one of the key controls in determining catchment rainfall–run-off response and has been linked to the export of solutes from uplands to streams. We sought to identify the patterns of hydrologic connectivity within a small forested watershed by monitoring the shallow groundwater fluctuations of simple topographically defined landform sequences (footslope–backslope–shoulder). A spatially distributed instrument network was employed to continuously measure hydrometric responses of the shallow subsurface during seasonal wet-up from summer through winter in a small till mantled research catchment. We demonstrate that the spatial patterns of shallow water table extent and duration, and therefore hydrologic connectivity, had a strong seasonal signature. During the low antecedent soil moisture conditions typically associated with the growing season, water tables were patchy, discontinuous, and only the wettest near-stream footslope areas were consistently hydrologically connected with the stream network. During the dormant season, footslopes and backslopes maintained water tables that persisted between storm events and were almost continuously connected with the stream network. In the largest storm events, the typically driest landforms (shoulder slopes) established shallow transient water tables, suggesting that nearly the entire catchment was temporarily hydrologically connected with the stream network. In addition, we found significant differences (p < 0·05) in the magnitude and duration of groundwater responses to rainfall among landform groups both seasonally and during events. These results have implications for using a similarity approach in representing characteristic hydrologic responses of topographically defined watershed elements, determining hydrologic connectivity between watershed elements, as well as for understanding solute transport in catchments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global analysis of Drosophila Cys2-His2 zinc finger proteins reveals a multitude of novel recognition motifs and binding determinants

Cys2-His2 zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are the largest group of transcription factors in higher metazoans. A complete characterization of these ZFPs and their associated target sequences is pivotal to fully annotate transcriptional regulatory networks in metazoan genomes. As a first step in this process, we have characterized the DNA-binding specificities of 129 zinc finger sets from Drosophila using a bacterial one-hybrid system. This data set contains the DNA-binding specificities for at least one encoded ZFP from 70 unique genes and 23 alternate splice isoforms representing the largest set of characterized ZFPs from any organism described to date. These recognition motifs can be used to predict genomic binding sites for these factors within the fruit fly genome. Subsets of fingers from these ZFPs were characterized to define their orientation and register on their recognition sequences, thereby allowing us to define the recognition diversity within this finger set. We find that the characterized fingers can specify 47 of the 64 possible DNA triplets. To confirm the utility of our finger recognition models, we employed subsets of Drosophila fingers in combination with an existing archive of artificial zinc finger modules to create ZFPs with novel DNA-binding specificity. These hybrids of natural and artificial fingers can be used to create functional zinc finger nucleases for editing vertebrate genomes.
The Role of Work in Substance Dependency Treatment: A Preliminary Overview

This article describes four alternative models for the role of client work in substance dependency treatment. The most common model is Work as a Positive Outcome, which conceptualizes work (employment) as a desirable outcome of treatment. The Work Infusion Model conceptualizes work as a therapeutic factor in treatment. The Contingent Sanctions Model requires clients to work to avoid undesirable consequences, such as losing treatment. The Work as Reinforcement Model offers paid work as a reward for treatment adherence. This article discusses whether either standard substance dependency treatment or vocational services within treatment programs increase client employment, whether clients want to work, and whether sufficient services are available. The empirical support for each model of client work is summarized. Critical issues that must be addressed in this area are outlined.
Judgments regarding appropriate child supervision to prevent injury: the role of environmental risk and child age

Parents, social service workers, and medical personnel failed to differ in the amount of time they estimated that children of 11 differing ages should be left without adult supervision within 5 different supervision domains. More hazardous circumstances dramatically reduced the amount of time respondents said children should be left unsupervised. Amount of unsupervised time increased with age, with clear developmental cutoffs that varied by level and type of risk. When the moderate center of the distribution was examined, 3 clear areas of consensus emerged. For most domains, constant supervision was recommended for preschool children. For early elementary school children, nearly constant (0-5 min without supervision) or close (0-15 min without supervision) supervision was recommended in safer locations, with constant supervision still recommended in high-risk situations. Only with older children was there an absence of consensus regarding supervision. The implications of these results for future injury prevention research are discussed. Language: en
Incidence of transfusion reactions to commercial equine plasma.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the incidence of transfusion reactions to commercial equine plasma in a hospital-based population of horses, to characterize these reactions and report on outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Client-owned horses referred to the University of Wisconsin. INTERVENTIONS: Intravenous administration of 2 commercial equine plasma products when clinically indicated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Medical records of 107 horses that received plasma transfusions between 2003 and 2008 were evaluated. Transfusion reactions were recorded in 6 of 107 transfusions. All individuals were administered plasma from 1 commercial source. Foals <30 days of age received a hypergammaglobulinemic product and all adults received a lower IgG concentration product. No reactions were recorded in adults. In foals (<30 d) reactions were recorded in 6 of 69 cases (8.7%), all of which occurred in neonates <7 days of age (6/62; [9.7%]). The most frequent reactions were fever (4/6), tachycardia (2/6), tachypnea (2/6), and colic (2/6). All affected foals survived the reaction. There were no statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in any of the variables examined between those foals that did and those that did not experience transfusion reactions. CONCLUSION: The incidence of transfusion reactions was 8.7% in foals and 0% in adult horses in our referral population. Five of 6 foals responded to medical therapy and eventually received the clinically indicated transfusion. No transfusion related mortality occurred.
Peripheral nervous system hyperexcitability in VV2 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Most cases are sporadic (sCJD). The pathogenesis of sCJD is associated with a conformational change in abnormal prion protein causing widespread neuronal degeneration, and clinical manifestations can be quite protean. Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome (PNHS) is rarely associated with CJD and is more commonly associated with autoimmune/paraneoplastic syndromes associated with antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKC-Abs). Reports of PNHS in CJD are rare. We report 2 patients with progressive cognitive decline in the setting of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability on electrodiagnostic testing. In both patients VGKC-Abs were negative, and autopsy confirmed that both had sCJD, VV2 subtype. While uncommon, it is important to consider sCJD in patients presenting with PNHS and rapidly progressive dementia.
Microchip Analysis of DNA Sequence by Contiguous Stacking of Oligonucleotides and Mass Spectrometry

Microchips, with their unique set of biological manipulations, could greatly enhance the analytical and diagnostic procedures currently used in biophysical laboratories. In the near future, the use of microchip applications could eliminate the need to maintain expensive complex biophysical laboratories that carry large scientific and support staff.
Designing a Shape Grammar

Shape grammars are classified into different types according to restrictions on rules. The predictabilities of the outcomes and behaviors of these different types of shape grammars are examined. Understanding the predictabilities of grammars is central to the successful design of shape grammars in creative design applications.
Discovery of the First Yang-Mills Gauge Particle -- The Gluon

This article “Discovery of the First Yang–Mills Gauge Particle — The Gluon” is dedicated to Professor Chen Ning Yang. The Gluon is the first Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge particle discovered experimentally. The Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge field theory was proposed by Yang and Mills in 1954, sixty years ago. The experimental discovery of the first Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge particle — the gluon — in the spring of 1979 is summarized, together with some of the subsequent developments, including the role of the gluon in the recent discovery of the Higgs particle.
Ion Electrospray Propulsion System Feasibility Study for various Satellite Missions and Architectures

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of using ion electrospray propulsion for various scientific, commercial, and military applications. Two case studies are analyzed in depth to determine the capabilities of the propulsion system and to stimulate thought on future missions that can be enabled or enhanced by its implementation. Other applications will be discussed in brief. In particular, the relevance of ion electrospray propulsion to lunar exploration using small satellites and to fractionated spacecraft is examined.
This Is Going to Hurt Compassionate Research Methods

As compassion has become established in the organizational literature as an important area of study, calls for increased compassion in our own work and research have increased. Compassion can take many forms in academic work, but in this article we propose a framework for compassionate research methods. Not only driven by caring for others and a desire for improving their lot, compassionate research methods actually immerse the researcher in compassionate work. We propose that compassionate research methods include three important elements: ethnography, aesthetics, and emotionality. Together, these provide opportunities for emergent theoretical experimentation that can lead to both the alleviation of suffering in the immediate research context and new theoretical insights. To show the possibilities of this method, we use empirical data from a unique setting—the first U.S. permanent death penalty defense team.
Age-related physiological alterations to muscles and joints and potential exercise interventions for their improvement

This review article presents some general concepts related to the study of human aging that have specific implications for the maintenance or the development of improved muscular fitness in the elderly. Normal age-related alterations in muscle tissue, muscle function, and joint articulation, as well as possible mechanisms for these changes are presented and the current literature dealing with the use of exercise interventions to help stop or slow down the normal aging process is also summarized. Suggestions for basic evaluation and programming design are presented that address the needs of the older population.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Related Impulsivity and Cyberbullying in Social Media

CASE Sarah is a 13-year-old eighth grader who was recently diagnosed for the first time with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattentive type, and the family elected to treat her with behavioral interventions to help her organization and attention. She had struggled with distractibility and disorganization since the fourth grade. At home, Sarah's mother described her as "spacey" and unable to complete the morning routine without constant supervision. Over time, her mother observed that it seemed as if Sarah had given up on school.As Sarah became an adolescent, her self-esteem suffered because of her academic struggles, and she placed increasing emphasis on her appearance, including focus on remaining thin and refusing to leave the house without makeup. It was in this context that Sarah recently posted photographs of herself in various stages of undress and/or drinking alcohol on Snapchat, a photograph-sharing application in which users can send "snaps"-photographs that disappear soon after opening. However, snap recipients can take a screenshot or photograph of the snap, thereby saving the image. For unknown reasons, Sarah's close female friend took screenshots of these provocative photographs and sent them to their classmates and Sarah's older brother.Sarah's family contacted the police and has been working with her school to address this incident. This experience resulted in significant family stress and distrust of Sarah. For example, her mother took away her cell phone and laptop and has "grounded her" for a month from all out of school activities.Sarah's family seeks guidance regarding teaching Sarah about using social media responsibly and preventing this from happening again. Sarah's mom comes to your urgent care session asking for help because she does not feel that Sarah has "learned her lesson." What would you do next?
Plague as a Biological Weapon

Three well-documented plague pandemics have occurred in the past two millennia, resulting in more than 200 million deaths and great social and economic chaos (Perry and Fetherston, 1997; Pollitzer, 1954). The Justinian pandemic arose in northern Africa in the mid-6th century, and by the 7th century had spread throughout the Mediterranean and near-eastern regions—severely impacting both the Roman and Byzantine empires. The second pandemic, the Black Death or great pestilence, originated in Central Asia, was carried to Sicily in 1347 via ships from the Crimea, and rapidly swept through medieval Europe. By 1352, it had killed 30% or more of afflicted populations, slowly playing itself out in successive epidemics, including the Great Plague of London in 1665 (Perry and Fetherston, 1997). The third (Modern) pandemic began in southwestern China in the mid-19th, struck Hong Kong in 1894, and was soon carried by rat-infested steamships to port cities on all inhabited continents, including several in the United States (US) (Link, 1955; Pollitzer, 1954). By 1930, the third pandemic had caused more than 26 million cases and 12 million deaths. Plague in these three pandemics was predominantly the bubonic form, emanating from Yersinia pestis-infected rats and fleas, although terrifying outbreaks of the more virulent person-to-person spreading pneumonic form were recorded during the course of each. The explosive contagiousness and severity of pneumonic plague was most completely documented in Manchurian epidemics in the early 20th century, which involved tens of thousands of cases, virtually all of them fatal (Wu, 1926).
Spectral Super-Resolution in Colored Coded Aperture Spectral Imaging

Colored coded apertures have been recently introduced in compressive spectral imaging as a method to improve the quality of image reconstructions in terms of signal to noise ratio. This paper shows that colored coded apertures, in addition, can also provide a higher number of resolvable spectral bands. Colored coded apertures with real and ideal spectral responses are both considered. The maximum number of resolvable bands for the case of nonideal filters is estimated using the coherence of the sensing matrix which provides a condition that depends only on the characteristics of the optical filters involved in the colored coded aperture. Simulations and testbed experimental reconstructions with real data are presented.
Preference-Aware Successive POI Recommendation with Spatial and Temporal Influence

There have been vast advances and rapid growth in Location based social networking (LBSN) services in recent years. Point of Interest (POI) recommendation is one of the most important applications in LBSN services. POI recommendation provides users personalized location recommendation. It helps users to explore new locations and filter uninteresting places that do not match with their interests. But traditional POI recommendation cannot suggest where a user may go the next day or next hour based on their current location or status. In this paper, we consider the task of personalized successive POI recommendation, recommending to a user the very next location where he might be interested to go next based on his current location. Multiple factors influence users to choose a POI, such as user’s categorical preferences, temporal activities and location preferences, popularity of a POI as well as sequential patterns of a user. In this work, we define a unified framework that takes all these factors into consideration to build a better successive POI recommendation model. We evaluate our system with a real-world dataset collected from Foursquare. Experimental results show that our proposed framework works better than other baseline approaches.
#OscarsSoWhite: how Stuart Hall explains why nothing changes in Hollywood and everything is changing

ABSTRACTStuart Hall’s work on culture, representation, ideology and hegemony positions Hollywood as a cultural institution informed by and informative of US social values and norms. Thus contemporary debates over Hollywood's diversity are indicative of broader social conflicts. Empirically the article examines 2014–2015 news coverage of Hollywood to question the Hollywood paradox—the lack of diversity in film/TV production yet TV’s increasing shift towards on-screen diversity. It maps three discursive frames: Hollywood exceptionalism, economic imperatives, and institutionalized racism and sexism. The article concludes by using Hulu’s East Los High to reflect on TV’s digital turn and innovative models in production and representation.
Letermovir for the management of cytomegalovirus infection.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Available antivirals are fraught with adverse effects and risk for the development of ...
Berry–Esseen bounds and Edgeworth expansions in the central limit theorem for transport distances

For sums of independent random variables $$S_n = X_1 + \cdots + X_n$$ , Berry–Esseen-type bounds are derived for the power transport distances $$W_p$$ in terms of Lyapunov coefficients $$L_{p+2}$$ . In the case of identically distributed summands, the rates of convergence are refined under Cramer’s condition.
C2Cloud: A cloud computing framework

To compete in this global economy, organizations must be able to produce results in a timely manner. Because of this global economy, one needs to have some experience in developing distributed applications. Distributed programming may not be a required course, especially in an interdisciplinary curriculum. Therefore, recent graduates may find the job market challenging without some experience in developing these types of applications. This paper presents the cloud computing framework (C2Cloud). C2Cloud is a light weight framework that can be used to teach cloud services development. This framework adheres to the Software as a Service (SaaS) paradigm. That is, users are provided an interface to access services that are running in the cloud. C2Cloud service messages are formatted using the Extensible Markup Language (XML). This paper shows how C2Cloud can be used in an interdisciplinary capstone course to teach cloud computing. In particular, a Student Information System is developed using C2Cloud.
Ophthalmic abnormalities of Pai syndrome: A case report and review of literature.

We present a new case of Pai syndrome and review the current literature on this disease. Our PubMed search was conducted using the term “Pai syndrome.” We included original case reports and case se...
The Role of Implant Removal in Orthopedic Trauma

Although implant removal is common after orthopedic trauma, indications for removal remain controversial. There are few data in the literature to allow evidence-based decision-making. The risk of complications from implant removal must be weighed against the possible benefits and the likelihood of improving the patient's symptoms.
Developmental evolution facilitates rapid adaptation

Developmental evolution has frequently been identified as a mode for rapid adaptation, but direct observations of the selective benefits and associated mechanisms of developmental evolution are necessarily challenging to obtain. Here we show rapid evolution of greatly increased rates of dispersal by developmental changes when populations experience stringent selection. Replicate populations of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride underwent 85 serial transfers, under conditions initially favoring growth but not dispersal. T. citrinoviride populations shifted away from multicellular growth toward increased dispersal by producing one thousand times more single-celled asexual conidial spores, three times sooner than the ancestral genotype. Conidia of selected lines also germinated fifty percent faster. Gene expression changed substantially between the ancestral and selected fungi, especially for spore production and growth, demonstrating rapid evolution of tight regulatory control for down-regulation of growth and up-regulation of conidia production between 18 and 24 hours of growth. These changes involved both developmentally fixed and plastic changes in gene expression, showing that complex developmental changes can serve as a mechanism for rapid adaptation.
Capacity Measurements for Body Mass Index Dependent Ultrawideband MIMO BAN Channels

Information theoretic analyses have shown the po- tential for a significant capacity gain in wireless systems by use of multiple antennas at both transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) ends in various propagation channels. These channels are typically characterized by scenario-specific channel sounder systems. In this paper, we present a detailed description of a developed Ultrawideband (UWB) 4 x 4 multiple-input-multiple- output (MIMO) channel sounding system and capacity mea- surements results for Body area network (BAN) channels. The main focus of the investigation is the study of the impact that Body Mass Index (BMI) of a human being has on wireless body area network (BAN) measurement results in an anechoic and indoor lab environments. We found the capacities values to be different for various BMI categories. This paper also describes measurements done to examine how tissues and fabric influence (or distort) the radiation pattern of an antenna when in close proximity to it.
Factoring in new gene therapy treatments for hemophilia A

Delivery of a modified factor VIII gene leads to dramatic improvement of severe hemophilia A in human trials.
Sex and racial disparities in fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention utilization: a 5-year national experience

FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) and FAME-2 trials have demonstrated the improved outcomes with fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and established the essential role of FFR to reduce major cardiovascular events (1,2). However, FFR adoption is not up to the mark in many centers and the data are almost non-existent regarding racial and sex disparities in FFR-guided PCI utilization. Therefore, we proposed to assess the trends of racial and sex disparities in FFR-guided PCI utilization over the 5-year period between 2010 and 2014.
Economics of Natural Resources and Environment in Agriculture

Agriculture not only contributes to economic development and sustainability, but also is a significant factor in environmental sustainability. It is a leading source of water pollution, a profound disruptor of wildlife habitats, and a significant contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. It also shapes culturally important landscapes and amenities, fosters wildlife that depends on agroecosystems and sequesters carbon. Many of these impacts are difficult to measure, monitor, and attribute to specific sources, and this complicates the design of remedial policies. This article examines the economic foundations for contemporary analysis of agricultural policies related to natural resources and the environment.
The Significance of Phylogenetic Classifications for Systematic and Evolutionary Biology

Systematic biologists have engaged in a long-standing debate over the purposes and methods of classification. Many nonsystematic biologists probably look upon the resulting contentiousness with amusement, if they look upon it at all, for if we are honest about the present condition of systematic biology, we have to admit that classification is often seen as little more than the description and cataloging of nature, as stamp collecting in the minds of many. And when one looks objectively at the debate among the phylogeneticists, evolutionists, and pheneticists, much of it must seem as being highly irrelevant to a nonsystematist. While we might expect this reaction from molecular or cell biologists, its ubiquity also within the field of evolutionary biology is surprising. This apathy towards systematics can be attributed to two factors. First, systematic biologists have done an inadequate job of conveying the importance of classification, and thus the necessity and relevance of systematic studies for biology as a whole. If systematics has something to contribute, then systematists themselves must take some responsibility for communicating that contribution. The second reason is simply that many evolutionary biologists are intellectually lazy, and lack curiosity or desire to investigate for themselves what systematics might have to offer. If population ecologists, they may claim to be interested in the ecological analysis of evolutionary mechanisms: what, they might ask, could classification contribute to that? If population geneticists, they may claim to be concerned with the mechanisms of population change or of speciation: what could classification contribute to that? If physiologists, behaviorists, or biochemists, they may be interested in how organisms adjust evolutionarily to their environments: what could classification contribute to that?
Total parenteral nutrition in necrotizing enterocolitis

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is used both to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to treat infants who develop the disease. Evidence for the efficacy of the technique in both settings is discussed. Several practical aspects of TPN also are discussed, as are a variety of theoretical considerations relevant to use of TPN either to prevent NEC or as an adjunct to treatment of the infant with the disease.
A note on the dynamics of a discrete time economic growth model

We are discussing the character of solutions of a discrete time overlapping generation model of endogenous fertility and growth represented by a nonlinear system of difference equations. The system was proposed by L. K. Raut and T. N. Srinivasa in (Econ. Theory 4, 1994). The study focuses on the application of some difference equations tools in economic growth and also aims at integrating interdisciplinary mathematics with education by using interactive numerical simulation. Numerical work, with different parameter values is generated in R language through an interactive simulation using Shiny for R.
MyPath: Investigating Breast Cancer Patients' Use of Personalized Health Information

Following a cancer diagnosis, patients must cope with numerous physical, emotional, and practical challenges. While health information exists to help patients learn how to manage these challenges, health information seeking often declines over time, recalling information is difficult, and limited time with healthcare providers can leave patients feeling uninformed about their illness. We designed MyPath to overcome these information access challenges. The mobile system offers personalized, dynamic, and trusted health information recommendations to help patients learn about and manage their cancer. Through a seven-month deployment study with breast cancer patients, we found that use of the application encouraged proactive health management behaviors, and identified factors that motivated technology adoption and abandonment. We discuss the implications of these results for facilitating use of mHealth tools by a rural patient population and the importance of scaling support to a large range of information needs. We use this work to demonstrate the value of personalized health information systems and to motivate future CSCW research developing personalized support systems for other health situations with complex information access models.
IRF1 Maintains Optimal Constitutive Expression of Antiviral Genes and Regulates the Early Antiviral Response

Viral defense at mucosal sites depends on interferons (IFN) and IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), either of which may be constitutively expressed to maintain an "antiviral state" (AVS). However, the mechanisms that govern the AVS are poorly defined. Using a BEAS-2B respiratory epithelial cell line deficient in IRF1, we demonstrate higher susceptibility to infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza virus. IRF1-mediated restriction of VSV is IFN-independent, as blockade of types I and III IFNs and JAK-STAT signaling before infection did not affect VSV infection of either parent or IRF1 KO cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that IRF1 regulates constitutive expression of ~300 genes, including antiviral ISGs: OAS2, BST2, and RNASEL and knockdown of any of these IRF1-dependent genes increased VSV infection. Additionally, IRF1 enhances rapid expression of IFNβ and IFNλ after stimulation with poly I:C and also regulates ISG expression. Mechanistically, IRF1 enhances recruitment of BRD4 to promotor-enhancer regions of ISGs for rapid expression and maintains levels of histone H3K4me1 for optimal constitutive expression. Finally, IRF1 also regulates constitutive expression of TLR2 and TLR3 and promotes signaling through these pattern recognition receptors (PRR). These data reveal multiple roles for IRF1 toward effective anti-viral responses by maintaining IFN-independent constitutive expression of anti-viral ISGs and supporting early IFN-dependent responses to PRR stimulation.
Near-Field 2-D SAR Imaging by Millimeter-Wave Radar for Concealed Item Detection

Recent progress in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars has made it possible to design low-cost and low-power millimeter-wave (mmWave) sensors. As a result, there is a strong desire to exploit the progress in mmWave sensors in wide range of imaging applications including medical, automotive, and security. In this paper, we present a low-cost high-resolution mmWave imager prototype that combines commercially available 77 GHz system-on-chip FMCW radar sensors and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing techniques for concealed item detection. To create a synthetic aperture over a target scene, the imager is constructed with a two-axis motorized rail system which can synthesize a large aperture in both horizontal and vertical directions. Our prototype system is described in detail along with signal processing techniques for two-dimensional (2-D) image reconstruction. The imaging examples of concealed items in various scenarios confirm that our low-cost prototype has a great potential for high-resolution imaging tasks in security applications.
Temporally and Spatially Distinct Thirst Satiation Signals

For thirsty animals, fluid intake provides both satiation and pleasure of drinking. How the brain processes these factors is currently unknown. Here, we identified neural circuits underlying thirst satiation and examined their contribution to reward signals. We show that thirst-driving neurons receive temporally distinct satiation signals by liquid-gulping-induced oropharyngeal stimuli and gut osmolality sensing. We demonstrate that individual thirst satiation signals are mediated by anatomically distinct inhibitory neural circuits in the lamina terminalis. Moreover, we used an ultrafast dopamine (DA) sensor to examine whether thirst satiation itself stimulates the reward-related circuits. Interestingly, spontaneous drinking behavior but not thirst drive reduction triggered DA release. Importantly, chemogenetic stimulation of thirst satiation neurons did not activate DA neurons under water-restricted conditions. Together, this study dissected the thirst satiation circuit, the activity of which is functionally separable from reward-related brain activity.
The Neural Integration of Feeding and Drinking Habits

For the rat, the interaction of food-related cues and the visceral feedback following ingestion largely determines future consummatory behavior. In early work (Garcia & Koelling, 1966), it was shown that taste cues were most readily associated with illness; conditioned taste aversions were formed after only a single taste-illness experience. Unlike most other demonstrations of classical conditioning, the delay between the taste conditioned stimulus (CS) and the illness unconditioned stimulus (US) could be an hour or more and strong taste aversions still would be formed. In contrast to tastes, an audio-visual signal was a poor CS for illness conditioning, acquiring little or no aversive properties following a single toxic US. If footshock was used as a US, the converse obtained. An audio-visual CS was readily associated with footshock US whereas taste was a poor CS in shock avoidance conditioning.
Modulation of endothelial cell survival by an inhibitor of angiogenesis thrombospondin-1: a dynamic balance.

Angiogenesis is a process of capillary formation from pre-existing blood vessels. It is tightly controlled by the balance between positive and negative environmental signals – inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis in such a way that predominance of inducers results in angiogenesis and predominance of inhibitors – in vascular quiescence. Here we discuss the ability of the angiogenic stimuli to promote survival and the pathways they may utilize. We also summarize information available on the signaling events elicited in the endothelial cells by a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), that result in the endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo. This ability to cause programmed cell death in vascular endothelium is not unique to TSP-1. A substantial number of known angiogenesis inhibitors can also trigger apoptosis in the activated endothelial cells. This fact argues for the possibility of apoptosis to be a common denominator for a major fraction of anti-angiogenic molecules. If this is the case, it is equally possible that the ratio between environmental factors that control angiogenesis is interpreted within individual endothelial cell as a balance between pro-apoptotic and survival signals. Thus the relative strength of the death and survival signal or signals determines the fate of endothelial cell and therefore the fate of remodeling vessel.
A Neurologist's View of Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Infections

Tick-borne infections-including tick-borne encephalitis viruses, represented in the United States by rare infections with Powassan and deer tick viruses, and more often Lyme disease-are of increasing importance to neurologists. Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) causes all or part of a triad including meningitis, radiculoneuritis, and cranial neuritis. Rarely, parenchymal brain and spinal cord involvement occur, with focal findings on examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). LNB diagnosis requires plausible exposure, objective evidence of nervous system involvement, and, generally, positive two-tier serology. Central nervous system (CNS) LNB is almost always accompanied by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cells, protein), often with intrathecal antibody production, which is determined by concentration-adjusted comparison of serum and CSF antibody. Measuring CSF antibody in isolation and nucleic acid-based testing of CSF are not useful in LNB and should be avoided. LNB treatment is highly effective with a 2- to 3-week course of antibiotics. Increasing evidence suggests that LNB not involving the CNS parenchyma can be treated successfully with oral doxycycline.