cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiments on Urdu Text Recognition

Urdu is a language spoken in the Indian subcontinent by an estimated 130–270 million speakers. At the spoken level, Urdu and Hindi are considered dialects of a single language because of shared vocabulary and the similarity in grammar. At the written level, however, Urdu is much closer to Arabic because it is written in Nastaliq, the calligraphic style of the Persian–Arabic script. Therefore, a speaker of Hindi can understand spoken Urdu but may not be able to read written Urdu because Hindi is written in Devanagari script, whereas an Arabic writer can read the written words but may not understand the spoken Urdu. In this chapter we present an overview of written Urdu. Prior research in handwritten Urdu OCR is very limited. We present (perhaps) the first system for recognizing handwritten Urdu words. On a data set of about 1300 handwritten words, we achieved an accuracy of 70% for the top choice, and 82% for the top three choices.
Efficient matrix operations in a reconfigurable array with spanning optical buses

A reconfigurable array with spanning optical buses (RASOB) is introduced. By taking advantage of the unique properties of optical signal transmissions, the RASOB architecture provides flexible reconfiguration and strong connectivities with low hardware and control complexities. We discuss reconfiguration methods and communication capabilities of the architecture. In addition, we use a parallel implementation of the matrix transposition as well as multiplication algorithms as an example to show how the architectural capabilities can be taken advantage of in designing efficient parallel algorithms. >
Vertical cavity waveguide spectrometer for WDM communication

There is currently a need for a high resolution, low cost optical wavelength demultiplexer for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Bulk gratings and mechanical Fabry-Perot interferometers have been inappropriate for many WDM switching applications. Consequently, there have been many efforts to achieve a monolithic solution, generally using a diffraction grating written directly on planar waveguides. However, fabrication difficulties have precluded a simple low cost device. We describe a novel device for wavelength demultiplexing using a Fabry-Perot resonator fabricated parallel to the input waveguide. Since the device requires only thin film technology and no diffraction grating, we expect lower cost and simpler implementation. >
Trends in US government-funded multisite K-12 science program evaluation

In this chapter we examine the history of multisite, K-12 science education programs and evaluations funded by US government science agencies, particularly the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In addition, we outline the history of general program evaluation. We review the science education evaluations funded by the US federal government to show how K-12 science education programs and their evaluations evolved over time. We begin with a description of multisite science education program evaluation, continue with an examination of the political and evaluation history, and finally, trace the K-12 science education programs and evaluations conducted by the science agencies. Evolution of the programs and evaluations is in part related to the changing political contexts. Such change is also the result of advances in the research and theory of science education and evaluation.
Effectiveness of various food preservatives in controlling the outgrowth of Byssochlamys nivea ascospores

Potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sulfur dioxide, and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) were tested for their effectiveness in preventing the outgrowth ofByssochlamys nivea Westling ascospores. Sulfur dioxide was the most inhibitory of the test antimycotics, complete inhibition of colony formation occurring in acidified (pH 3.5) potato dextrose agar containing 50 ppm of the preservative. Complete inhibition ofB. nivea ascospore outgrowth in grape juice stored for 60 days was noted in the presence of 300 ppm sulfur dioxide, 400 ppm potassium sorbate, and 600 ppm DEPC. Growth was observed in grape juice containing 1000 ppm sodium benzoate. The presence of up to 100 ppm potassium sorbate in grape juice during heat activation appears to have a stimulatory effect on breaking dormancy, while the other test preservatives at this concentration decrease the heat resistance ofB. nivea ascospores. The time elapsed between heat shock and exposure to DEPC or sodium benzoate is critical with respect to the sensitivity of ascospores to these preservatives.
Immunoelectron microscopic investigation of creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme after cerebral ischemia in gerbils.

Alteration of creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme (CK-BB) was investigated in the vulnerable CA1 region of the hippocampus of ischemic and postischemic gerbil brains using immunoelectron microscopy. CK-BB existed in the neuronal perikarya, dendrites and axons as well as in astroglias in the normal gerbil brain. Immunocytochemical reaction products were associated with microtubules and polyribosomes. Propagation of ischemic and postischemic damage with disintegration of microtubules was observed in the dendro-somatic direction in neurons, which progressed in parallel with dispersion and loss of the immunocytochemical reaction for CK-BB in the dendroplasm. After reperfuson for longer than 24 h, CK-BB was also observed in the extracellular space. The present result supported the notion that loss of the immunohistochemical reaction for CK-BB which has been observed by light microscopy after cerebral ischemia, was at least partly due to dispersion of this enzyme caused by disintegration the mirotubules and extracellular leakage of this enzyme, although other processes, including degradation of CK-BB per se, were also possible. The loss of CK-BB from the neuronal structure may delay the recovery from ischemic damage and may eventually lead to neuronal death.
Multistage Coupling for Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery

In this paper, we present the a three-dimensional time-linearized unsteady Euler solver for computing unsteady flows in multistage turbomachines. Using this approach, each blade row is modeled with a computational grid spanning a single blade passage. Within each blade passage, several time-linearized un- steady solutions are computed, one for each of several "spinning modes" re- tained in the model. Each spinning mode has its own frequency and interblade phase angle. These various solutions are coupled together at the inter-row bound- aries between the blade rows. Results are presented for several geometries, and demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method, as well as the impor- tance of multistage effects. In particular, we show that multistage effects can strongly affect the aerodynamic loads acting on a given blade row. Further- more, the method presented is highly efficient. For example, to perform a flutter calculation requires only about three times the CPU time of one steady flow computation for each interblade phase angle and frequency considered.
Acute pulmonary effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure during exercise in competitive athletes.

The acute pulmonary responses of athletes after short-term exposure to ambient concentrations of NO2 during heavy exercise have been examined. Intercollegiate male athletes were screened for history of cardiac disease, respiratory disease, allergic conditions and extensive exposure to pollutants. After completion of serum IgE level determination, exercise tolerance test and methacholine challenge test with normal results, nine healthy subjects 18 to 23 years of age were exposed to filtered air and to 0.18 and 0.30 ppm NO2 for 30 min on different days while exercising on a treadmill. Pulmonary function parameters were measured before and after each exposure. In this study, no statistically significant changes were observed in FEV1, Rt PEFR, and V ˙ max50% after exposure to 0.18 and 0.30 ppm NO2. For these selected healthy athletes, short-term exposure to ambient NO2 levels during heavy exercise does not affect adversely the pulmonary function.
Microchip-based electrochemical detection for monitoring cellular systems

The use of microchip devices to study cellular systems is a rapidly growing research area. There are numerous advantages of using on-chip integrated electrodes to monitor various cellular processes. The purpose of this review is to give examples of advancements in microchip-based cellular analysis, specifically where electrochemistry is used for the detection scheme. These examples include on-chip detection of single-cell quantal exocytosis, electrochemical analysis of intracellular contents, the ability to integrate cell culture/immobilization with electrochemistry, and the use of integrated electrodes to ensure cell confluency in longer-term cell culture experiments. A perspective on future trends in this area is also given.
Evidence for aggregate formation in a nepheloid layer and its possible role in the sedimentation of particulate matter

Abstract During cruise 73-A-3 of the R/V “Alaminos”, seawater samples from the nepheloid layer and overlying water were collected and filtered through 0.4 μm Millipore ® Ultra Thin filters for microscopic analysis with a Jeol JSM-U3 scanning electron microscope. The results of the studies of the suspended matter with the scanning electron microscope indicate that there is a significant increase in the percentage of the total number of particles that are associated as aggregates for the nepheloid layer relative to the overlying water. This suggests that once nepheloid layers are formed, they might represent regions of high sedimentation due to aggregate formation.
Transoral robotic surgery using an image guidance system.

Objectives: To describe a novel technique using the image guidance system for transoral robotic surgery of the pharyngeal and parapharyngeal spaces. Study Design: Case series presentation. Methods: Three cases of oropharyngeal and pharyngeal space lesions are reviewed for presentation, workup, and original management. Results: Final pathology of a vascular malformation, an acinic cell adenocarcinoma, and a squamous cell carcinoma were located and minimally invasively removed by a transoral robotic approach with the aid of image guidance. No complications or recurrences were observed on an average of 7 month follow-up. Conclusions: Transoral robotic surgery using an image guidance system seems safe and effective in assisting dissection.
Evaluation of Several Grain Sorghum Characteristics for Resistance to the Banks Grass Mite

Five grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, characteristics were evaluated to determine their effectiveness for resistance to Oligonychus pratensis (Banks). Characteristics tested were leaf tannin, maturity, senescence, leaf “bloom,” and midrib juiciness. Field evaluation indicated no resistance attributable to leaf tannin, leaf “bloom,” or midrib juiciness. Similar mite numbers occurred on early-and late-maturing lines, but mite damage was lower on later-maturing lines, suggesting tolerance to mite feeding. In the senescence comparison, higher mite numbers and damage occurred on senescing than on nonsenescing plants. These data indicate that leaf stress associated with reproductive physiology may be a key factor leading to spider mite outbreaks and should be of primary consideration in the development of mite-resistant varieties.
Elevation of potassium content of basaltic magma by fractional crystallization: the effect of pressure

A wide range of natural quartz-normative liquids crystallizes olivine at low pressure. Addition of K2O to the system results in expansion of the olivine primary phase field and replacement of pigeonite (stable in the K-free system) by hypersthene. Some variation in phase relations results from depression of crystallization temperature towards the temperature at which pigeonite reacts to form augite and hypersthene because of addition of K2O. Another important influence on phase relations results from cation interactions in the liquid related to addition of K2O. Studies of crystallization behavior of materials similar in most elements except K2O show that K2O content markedly alters crystallization behavior for more siliceous liquids but appears to have less effect on liquids with lower SiO2 contents. Low-Ca pyroxenes melt congruently at P>≈5 kbar, so anhydrous liquids coprecipitate olivine, plagioclase, and two pyroxenes. Addition of K2O to the liquid has the same effect as at 1 atm. Hypersthene replaces pigeonite as the Low-Ca pyroxene crystallization from liquids with >≈1.5% K2O and the olivine primary phase field grows at the expense of those of pyroxenes and plagioclase. At 10 kbar, olivine may develop a reaction relationship with liquids containing >≈6% K2O. At 15 kbar, however, liquids evolve to a pseudoeutectic involving alkali feldspar. The systematic variation in phase relations has important consequences for magmatic evolution in different environments. Dry mafic liquids at shallow levels in oceanic areas can crystallize olivine until the liquid is very evolved, resulting in extreme SiO2-enrichment besides enrichment in K2O, and producing potassic dacites. Olivine coexists with liquids with up to 54% SiO2 if K2O=0.6% (Grove and Baker 1984) but as much as 63% SiO2 if K2O≈3.5% (Ussler and Glazner 1989). Magmas rising beneath light continental crust may pond at the Moho and evolve to low-density liquids that can rise to the surface. Coprecipitation of olivine, plagioclase, augite, and a low-Ca pyroxene, produces enrichment in K2O with only slight enrichment in SiO2. This is terminated, at pressures of 6 to, possibly, 12 kbar, by development of a reaction relationship of olivine and liquid that progresses to higher K2O contents with pressure. At pressures as high as 15 kbar, the reaction relation may not develop and only crystallization of alkali feldspar suppresses K2O-enrichment. Any magmatic H2O or crustal contamination may modify phase relations. The phase relations do, however, suggest that variation in K2O:SiO2 of evolved volcanic rocks is related to crustal thickness rather than to variation in the chemical compositions of primary magmas.
Redefining the major peanut allergens.

Food allergy has become a major public health concern in westernized countries, and allergic reactions to peanuts are particularly common and severe. Allergens are defined as antigens that elicit an IgE response, and most allergenic materials (e.g., pollens, danders, and foods) contain multiple allergenic proteins. This has led to the concept that there are “major” allergens and allergens of less importance. “Major allergens” have been defined as allergens that bind a large amount of IgE from the majority of patients and have biologic activity. However, the ability of an allergen to cross-link complexes of IgE and its high-affinity receptor FceRI (IgE/FceRI), which we have termed its allergic effector activity, does not correlate well with assays of IgE binding. To identify the proteins that are the most active allergens in peanuts, we and others have employed in vitro model assays of allergen-mediated cross-linking of IgE/FceRI complexes and have demonstrated that the most potent allergens are not necessarily those that bind the most IgE. The importance of a specific allergen can be determined by measuring the allergic effector activity of that allergen following purification under non-denaturing conditions and by specifically removing the allergen from a complex allergenic extract either by chromatography or by specific immunodepletion. In our studies of peanut allergens, our laboratory has found that two related allergens, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, together account for the majority of the effector activity in a crude peanut extract. Furthermore, murine studies demonstrated that Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are not only the major elicitors of anaphylaxis in this system, but also can effectively desensitize peanut-allergic mice. As a result of these observations, we propose that the definition of a major allergen should be based on the potency of that allergen in assays of allergic effector activity and demonstration that removal of that allergen from an extract results in loss of potency. Using these criteria, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the major peanut allergens.
Long-term patient perception of pain control experience after participating in a trial between patient-controlled analgesia and epidural after pectus excavatum repair with bar placement.

Background: Pain control is the dominant management issue after bar placement for pectus excavatum. We previously conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing patientcontrolled analgesia (PCA) to thoracic epidural (EPI) documenting similar objective outcomes. Our impression is that the subjective cognitive experience differs between the groups, which impacts trial results interpretation. Therefore, we conducted a survey to ascertain patient recollection and impression of their experience.
Infrared heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V with electroplated Cu

The objective of this study is to investigate an innovative infrared (IR) technique to enhance adhesion of electroplated copper (Cu) on Ti-6Al-4V without dichromate dipping. The ultimate goal is to develop a Cu coating process on Ti-6Al-4V without hazardous hexavalent chromium (Cr) solution treatments. Cu coatings of around 50 µm were electroplated on Ti-6Al-4V specimens at a current density of 0.03 A/cm2 in an acidic Cu solution. To improve adhesion of coatings, IR heat treatments were performed on the Cu-coated samples at different temperatures and durations: 860 °C for 600 s and 875 °C for 20–120 s. This process was accomplished in an attempt to replace the use of dichromate dipping before electroplating. For samples heat treated at 860 °C, no bonding existed, even after 600 s. It is believed that solid-state diffusion prevailed at 860 °C and that 600 s was not enough for sufficient diffusion to occur. Adhesion was poor when samples were heat treated at 875 °C for 20 s. Excellent adhesion was observed when the heat treatment holding time was increased to 40 s. For 90 s, the surface appearance of coatings partially changed from Cu-colored to a grayish color. There was no Cu left on the surface after a 120 s heat treatment. From optical microscopic observations on sample cross sections, an interlayer between the Cu and Ti-6Al-4V formed when heat treated at 875 °C for 40 s and longer. The interlayer thickness increased as the holding time increased, until depletion of Cu. The sheet resistivity of coated specimens was on the order of pure Cu for samples heat treated at 875 °C and less than 90 s. During the 875 °C heat treatment, the following occurred: solid-state diffusion of Cu in Ti-6Al-4V, formation of eutectic solutions, dissolution of Cu and Ti-6Al-4V into the liquid phase, and the formation of intermetallic compounds. The lowest eutectic temperature of 875 °C played a key role in this innovative process of Cu coating on Ti-6Al-4V.
Topic transitions and durational prosody in reading aloud: production and modeling

Abstract The linguistic structure of an utterance is known to affect the durational prosody of sounds, words and phrases. There has been increasing interest in how discourse-level organization affects prosody, in part because modeling discourse-level effects could improve the comprehensibility of longer passages of synthesized text. The approach taken here is to look at how topics are sequenced in a text, and how this affects durational prosody when that text is read aloud. Two speakers of American English were recorded reading a set of text materials on 10 separate occasions. Measurements of these recordings indicated that the type of transition in topic between two successive sentences had a significant effect on the amount of sentence-final lengthening, the duration of the pause between sentences, and the speech rate at the end of a sentence and the beginning of the following sentence. These measurements were then used to create a mathematical model of one speaker, and to generate several versions of one of this speaker's original recordings, with each version incorporating different manipulations of the durational patterns and their variability. These versions were played to listeners, who preferred those where the manipulations included durational patterns reflecting the organization of topics in the text.
A generalized load modeling technique using actual recorded data and its use in a harmonic load flow program

Abstract This paper consists of two parts. While the first part presents a new time domain load modeling technique that is based on actual recorded steady-state power system measurements, the second demonstrates the incorporation of the developed load model into a harmonic load flow program that is based on the bus admittance matrix method. The developed load model, a perfectly general one, can be used to model linear or nonlinear loads in the presence or absence of harmonic distortion. Conceptually it is shown that the calculation of the power components by using the developed model becomes an easy task, even in the presence of harmonic distortion. The problem of power factor correction in the presence of harmonic distortion is finally addressed and it is shown that the developed method yields better results than the conventional method of power factor correction.
Gynaecological tuberculosis and pregnancy

SummaryA study has been made of pregnancy in 711 patients with proved gynaecological tuberculosis investigated between 1 January 1951 and 1 October 1993. There were in all 95 pregnancies in 57 patients, 43 viable including two neonatal deaths, 31 ectopics and 21 spontaneous abortions. The best results were obtained in patients treated with rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid for 12 months and in those receiving streptomycin, PAS (aminosalicylic acid) and isoniazid for 18 months or 2 years.
Examining Evidence of Reproductive Isolation in Sockeye Salmon

The study of speciation has recently undergone a revival, with much controversy centering on whether new species can originate quickly and within the geographic range of their ancestor. Hendry et al . ([1][1]) described a case of reproductive isolation arising between two sockeye salmon populations
End-of-life albedo enhanced performance of space-employed silicon solar cells

Abstract Four silicon solar cell geometries of varying base resistivity are simulated to find the space-employed cells best able to convert albedo light after irradiation by 1.0 MeV electrons degrades the minority carrier diffusion length. The solar cell analysis program in two dimensions (SCAP2D), a FORTRAN program, is used to simulate cell performance. A lifetime degradation model is developed using published damage coefficient data to find carrier lifetimes versus 1.0 MeV electron equivalent fluence. Using SCAP2D, the limits of efficiency governing each cell are described. It is found that thin, high resistivity n+pp+ conventional solar cells are most efficient at end-of-life (EOC). These cells are also most efficient at EOL without albedo light, and thus should be studied for use in all orbits. Significant (more than 45%) enhancement of output power can be achieved by thin, high resistivity conventional cells converting albedo light over thicker conventional solar cells without albedo light. A variation on the etched multiple vertical junction cell is also modeled. This cell shows 29% albedo enhancement of output power density at EOL over the thicker conventional cell. The simulations show that collection of albedo light can significantly enhance cell output power density.
Bridging the Divide

AbstractAt a time of economic recession, museums are called upon more than ever to demonstrate their public value while simultaneously finding funding for their work. This series of case studies examines how three museums balance mission-based programming with generating revenue for their organizations. The Newseum, in Washington, DC, has repurposed existing school programs for a corporate audience, allowing them to run mission-based programs that bring in revenue. When Philipsburg Manor in Westchester County, NY, changed its interpretive approach to include the story of historic African American residents, the new inclusivity in programming brought new sources of revenue. Finally, Eastern State Penitentiary Historic Site, Inc. struggles with a tremendously successful revenue-generating program that conflicts with the museum mission but supports year-round mission-based programs. This article explored how the museums chose these programs, the considerations they encountered along the way, and take-away le...
Evaluation of benulose for intestinal normalization.

A new preparation, Benulose, a compound containing the antispasmodic, Bentyl hydrochloride, a modified sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate, has been studied as an adjunct to the treatment of 81 patients with a variety of intestinal abnormalities. Favorable results were obtained in patients with functional intestinal distress, diverticulosis and diverticulitis, chronic invalidism, anorectal disease, and chronic ulcerative colitis. In 58 of the 73 patients with fecal abnormality, the stool was normalized during therapy. Sixty-eight of the entire 81 patients (84 per cent) were symptomatically improved.
Not an artifact

Riker (1967) has reported the results of a study in which some of his subjects divided the payoffs to coalitions in a three-person, nonzero-sum game as the solution notions of von Neumann and Morgenstern, and Aumann and Maschler, prescribe. He contrasts his findings with results I obtained in a three-person, zerosum game study (1962, 1964), where subjects frequently divided payoffs to a coalition equally. Riker also states that he obtained strong evidence that my results can be disregarded "as the artifact of particular and restrictive institutions"-the particular conditions of my study. Essentially, his argument is that the prescriptive solution notions of Aumann and Maschler are quite successful as a descriptive theory, and that the results I obtained-the equal divisions of the payoffsare idiosyncratic and result from the artificial, unrepresentative conditions of my study. Naturally, no investigator likes to see his results dismissed as an artifact, but if such is the case it is best to admit it, or at least to ignore the criticism, allowing it to stand unchallenged. Indeed, early studies in a particular area of investigation are often shown to have limitations by later, more sophisticated studies. But this does not seem to be the case at present, and Riker's remarks require some discussion. The result that he has called an artifact has been found so frequently in independent studies and is so pervasive a feature of experimental game studies, that it does not seem sensible to consider it an artifact. In variety of situations many investigators have found that subjects tend to divide payoffs evenly; these investigators include myself, Thomas Schelling (1960), Fouraker and Siegel (1960), Johnson and Cohen (1967), Vinacke and Arkoff (1957), Emerson (1964), and ironically, Riker and Niemi in an earlier study (1964). 1 But the fact that many investigators have found that subjects sometimes choose an equal division of payoffs does not, in turn, make Riker's results a mere artifact. For there are numerous studies in which subjects choose alternatives other than an equal division of payoffs. The experimental game literature is quite large, and a review of the conditions under which people choose an equal division of payoffs, and when they do not, would be a worthwhile task. But it would certainly be beyond the scope of this discussion, which will be limited to a consideration of Riker's work and my own. Hopefully this discussion will show that the differences between our findings could have occurred for a variety of reasons, that neither result can be dismissed as an artifact, and that the causes of the differences might be discovered by conducting an empirical study. The issues can be clarified by examining and discussing the different procedures employed in the two studies, and by doing more detailed analyses of our results.
Endoscopic staple diverticulostomy for Zenker's diverticulum: review of experience in 337 cases.

Objective:Surgical treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) has evolved over the previous 2 decades to a predominantly endoscopic approach. In this study, we review our experience with endoscopic staple-assisted diverticulostomy (ESD) for treatment of ZD from 2002 to 2011.Methods:Retrospective chart review of 359 primary and revision ESD procedures performed on 337 unique patients between September 2002 and December 2011. Data were tabulated for age, sex, size of diverticulum, time to symptom recurrence, complications, and relief of symptoms.Results:Of 337 attempted primary ESD procedures, 3.9% (N = 13) were aborted due to inadequate exposure. Of 324 patients who underwent primary ESD, 93.8% (N = 304) reported postoperative improvement of dysphagia symptoms. There was a 4.0% (N = 13) major complication rate. Patient-reported recurrence of symptoms occurred in 7.1% (N = 23) of primary ESD patients but was not significantly associated with diverticulum size (P = .9765). Twenty-one patients underwent revision...
Manipulation with molecules

Abstract Photonic molecules are mesoscopic hierarchical structures, constructed from ‘monomer’ units with typical dimensions of 1–5 μm, which function as coupled optical resonators. These structures are so named because they confine electromagnetic fields in modes that are closely analogous to bonding and antibonding electronic molecular orbitals in real molecules. Recent experimental advances have shown that photonic molecules can be fabricated in a variety of ways with different functionality. We review here recent work in this newly developing interdisciplinary field that blends chemistry, materials science, and optical physics. Finally, we speculate on possible applications and future research directions. For many years now, researchers in materials and photonics have been keenly interested in the design and fabrication of structures that confine and manipulate electromagnetic fields on length scales comparable to optical wavelengths. The ultimate goal is an all-optical information processing and computation platform using photons in ways analogous to electrons in silicon devices on similar length scales. Specific focus areas such as wafer-scale integration, parallel processing, and frequency management (e.g. add-drop filters), on micron or sub-micron length scales are active areas of photonics research. While a great deal of progress has been made in the burgeoning field of microphotonics , we are still a long way off from realizing important goals such as the optical transistor and all-optical integrated circuits 1 .
Empiric parenteral antibiotic treatment of patients with fibromyalgia and fatigue and a positive serologic result for Lyme disease. A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Purpose: To examine the cost-effectiveness of empirical, parenteral antibiotic treatment of patients with chronic fatigue and myalgia and a positive serologic result for Lyme disease who lack class...
Primordial black holes as dark matter in alternate gravity theories

We discuss the possibility of the survival of primordial black holes as dark matter candidates in various alternate gravity theories motivated from extra-dimensional scenarios. We show that in particular, braneworld black holes, as well as black holes in scalar-tensor models can survive up to late times by efficient accretion of radiation in the early universe.
Bloch-Nordsieck regularization of Altarelli-Parisi equations

Using the Bloch-Nordsieck approach, a method is developed to regularize the Altarelli-Parisi (AP) equations. In the appropriate limit, it reduces to the AP result without ever encountering singular distributions. This method should prove useful for computational (Monte Carlo) purposes.
Endotoxic lipopolysaccharides stimulate steroidogenesis and adenylate cyclase in adrenal tumor cells

Abstract Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhosa stimulated steroid production in Y-1 adrenal tumor cells in culture with a latent period of 3–4 h. Lipid A, derived from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, also stimulated steroidogenesis. Lipopolysaccharides and lipid A also stimulate adenylate cyclase activity and cause rounding of the cells. In contrast, lipopolysaccharides do not stimulate steroidogenesis in receptor-deficient adrenal tumor cells (OS-3) or Leydig tumor cells (I-10). This tends to rule out contamination by enterotoxin to which these lines respond. Although both hormone and lipopolysaccharide responses are lost in these lines, there was no interaction between these sites as judged by the failure of lipopolysaccharides to block, during their latency, the response to corticotropin in Y-1 cells. The possibility that the lipopolysaccharide effect is one on membrane conformation is discussed.
From Anatomy to Electrophysiology: Clinical Lasker Goes Deep

This year, the Lasker∼DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award will be shared by Mahlon R. DeLong and Alim-Louis Benabid for elucidating the role of the subthalamic nucleus in mediating the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease and for pioneering the use of deep-brain stimulation to alleviate symptoms of the disease.
Subtle glucocorticoid excess in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.

Abstract Incidentally discovered adrenal tumors (incidentalomas) are fairly common since the advent of noninvasive methods of imaging the abdomen. Patients with incidentaloma usually undergo screening for overproduction of glucocorticoids by measurement of basal steroid excretion. We describe an asymptomatic patient with an incidentaloma with normal basal steroid excretion whose only manifestation of subtle steroid overproduction was the failure of steroid excretion to be suppressed normally with dexamethasone. It appears that the more careful the search for subtle evidence of steroid overproduction in patients with incidentaloma, the more common the finding; perhaps up to 50% of patients with incidentaloma have some subtle steroid overproduction. We review the literature on this subject, and evaluate the various possible approaches of how intensively to study steroid dynamics in patients with incidentaloma.
Growth models of cultures with two liquid phases. IV. Cell adsorption, drop size distribution, and batch growth.

In this work, a mathematical model which can be used to describe butch growth in fermentations with two liquid phases present is developed for systems in which the growth limiting substrate is dissolved in the dispersed phase. The model takes into account the drop size distribution, the rate of adsorption of cells on the drop surface, the rate of desorption of cells from the drop surface, substrate transport between phases, phase equilibrium, and growth kinetics. The model also considers the effect, of coalescence and redispersion of oil drops in the system. It is assumed that the composition of the dispersed phase is such that substrate utilization from it causes little or no change in the interfacial area. A discrete uniform distribution and a discrete normal distribution which is obtained from an experimental distribution curve are used as drop size distributions. Simulation results are obtained for a wide range of parameter values using the IBM S/360 Continuous System Modeling Program.
Vibrationally assisted transitions and phonon spectra in crystalline solids

Abstract The vibrationally assisted electronic (vibronic) transitions of localized centers in crystalline solids provide relevant information regarding the phonon spectra of the host materials. We present the vibronic spectra of some compounds with particular attention to the case of the transition metal ions V 2+ and Cr 3+ embedded in simple ionic crystals such as MgO or more complex systems such as YAG. The vibronic spectra are interpreted in light of the radiative selection rules and are compared with phonon data obtained with other techniques such as neutron scattering, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of vibronic spectra in uncovering the phonon spectral distributions are presented.
Thermal Decomposition of Brucite: I, Electron and Optical Microscope Studies

The decomposition of brucite was studied directly in electron and optical microscopes. A small amount of decomposition caused marked changes in the physical state of the brucite crystal. The decomposition was interpreted as a normal nucleation and growth process in which magnesium oxide nuclei formed coherently with the brucite matrix. This process accounts for: (a) the structural relations between parent and product phases, (b) the small crystallite size of the product, (c) the cracking process occurring in the initial stages of decomposition, and (d) the range of d spacings observed for the magnesium oxide formed during the decomposition.
Systematic review of relaxation interventions for pain.

Purpose: To review randomized trials of relaxation interventions used for the treatment of pain in adults and to synthesize evidence regarding the efficacy of specific techniques. Design: Integrative review. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the terms “relaxation” and “pain” in CINAHL, Medline, and PsychInfo from 1996 to March 2005. Studies were reviewed and categorized based on the type of relaxation intervention (progressive muscle relaxation [PMR], autogenic training, jaw relaxation, rhythmic breathing, and other relaxation exercises), and summarized with respect to various study characteristics and results. Findings: Researchers reported support for relaxation interventions in 8 of the 15 studies reviewed. The most frequently supported technique was progressive muscle relaxation, particularly for arthritis pain. Investigators reported support for jaw relaxation and a systematic relaxation intervention for relieving postoperative pain. Little evidence was found for autogenic training, and no support for rhythmic breathing or other relaxation techniques. Conclusions: Most of the studies reviewed had weaknesses in methodology, which limited the ability to draw conclusions about interventions. Further research is needed to confirm positive findings related to PMR, jaw relaxation, and systematic relaxation, to address questions related to the dose-response relationship and the individual differences that might influence response to relaxation interventions. These and other relaxation techniques require testing in carefully designed and conducted trials.
New evidence for polyphase metamorphism of glaucophane schist and eclogite exotic blocks in the Franciscan Complex, California and Oregon

ABSTRACT The early metamorphic history of high-grade exotic blocks in the Franciscan Complex may be more complicated than previously supposed. The different assemblages of high-grade glaucophane schist, eclogite, amphibolite and hornblende schist are commonly considered to have formed at the same time from essentially unmetamorphosed oceanic crust. However, new textural and mineralogical data presented here suggest that high-grade glaucophane schist and eclogite have replaced an earlier epidote-amphibolite facies assemblage that is identical to the primary assemblages in many of the hornblende-rich blocks. At least some of the hornblende-rich blocks may therefore be well-preserved remnants of the earlier metamorphism. Comparison of the mineral assemblages and element partitioning in the mixed-assemblage blocks suggests that the glaucophane schist and eclogite metamorphism took place at slightly lower temperatures but at the same or higher pressures than the earlier, hornblende-forming stage.
Acute confusional migraine: Variant of transient global amnesia

Acute confusional migraine in children and transient global amnesia in adults share a number of similar clinical manifestations. Acute confusional migraine in 6 children (mean age: 11.7 years; range: 7.5-17 years) was characterized by transient episodes of amnesia and acute confusion lasting 1-12 hours. Episodes were preceded by headache and vomiting in 4 patients. In 2 patients acute confusional migraine was the initial symptom. A history of preceding trivial head injury was reported in 3 patients and migraine in 4. Urine and serum drug screens were negative. Cerebral imaging studies and interictal electroencephalograms were normal. Ictal electroencephalograms in 3 patients revealed diffuse or bioccipital delta wave slowing. Recurrent episodes of acute confusional migraine occurred in 2 children during 1-3 years of follow-up. The clinical manifestations of acute confusional migraine in this series of children are similar to those reported in transient global amnesia. The similarity of the clinical manifestations of acute confusional migraine in children and transient global amnesia in adults suggests that these disorders may share a common pathophysiology.
Computer-aided ship structural design☆

Le but de cette etude est d'evaluer l'etat de la technologie des ordinateurs dans le champ de la conception structurale preliminaire de sorte que la conception des navires puisse etre optimisee en utilisant les systemes les plus disponibles
Extramedullary hematopoiesis mimicking metastatic lung carcinoma

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rare condition defined as the appearance of hematopoietic elements outside of the bone marrow, which occurs primarily in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders or congenital hemolytic anemias. We report a patient who presented with a left lower lobe lung carcinoma and right paravertebral and left pleural masses, initially thought most consistent radiographically with inoperable metastatic disease, until biopsies of the paravertebral and pleural masses established the presence of extramedullary hematopoiesis. The left lower lobe neoplasm was subsequently resected uneventfully.
Nanocomposite Films of a Polyfluorene Copolymer and Carbazole– Thiol-Capped Gold Nanoparticles: Electrochemical Crosslinking and Energy-Transfer Properties

The preparation and properties of an electrochemically crosslinked Au nanoparticle/polyvinylcarbazole (PVK)/polyfluorene (PFC) nanocomposite film is described. Blends of the blue-light emitting PFC, PVK, and the 11-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-undecane-1-thiol-capped Au nanoparticles (CBZ-S-Au) were prepared as thin films by spin-coating and subsequent crosslinking by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical properties are then evaluated on the basis of the redox behavior (reversibility) and electron-transport properties of the films. They are further characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The large differences in photoluminescence properties of the CBZ-S-Au/PFCVK crosslinked copolymer composite film compared to the PFCVK polymer alone result in an efficient energy-transfer system, in which the excimer peak is almost totally quenched. This indicates a compatible match between the absorbance of the Au plasmons and the emission of the excimer energy trap from PF polymers. Furthermore, electrochemical crosslinking enhances this match both by shifting the absorbance to greater overlap and decreasing the Forster distance between the Au nanoparticle and the PFCVK polymer chains.
Abstract 2714: High HIV-1 DNA copy number defines a unique subset of AIDS-related lymphoma

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma is ∼100X greater in the HIV-infected population compared to non-infected individuals and AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) prevalence is expected to rise in the future. Preliminary reports have suggested that some ARLs contain HIV-infected macrophages that may contribute to ARL pathogenesis. A recent study evaluating HIV sequence evolution in the contest of metastatic ARL found lymphoma specific HIV compartmentalized within sites of lymphoma that was distinct from HIV present in non-lymphoma sites (Salemi et al, PLOSone Dec 3, 2009). These data suggested the existence of a lymphoma specific form of HIV evolving within individuals who develop ARL. The goal of this research was to determine the prevalence and quantity of HIV-1 DNA in 119 ARL biopsies from the entire span of the HIV epidemic (1982-2007) by utilizing whole genomic amplified (WGA) ARL DNA, provided by the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR). The presence of HIV-1 DNA was determined by quantitative amplification of the HIV gag gene using single copy genes to define HIV copy numbers per genomic equivalent. Of the 119 ARL cases, 45% contained detectable levels of HIV-1 DNA (> 1 copy per 30,000 cells). The relationship between HIV DNA presence and tumor immunophenotype was determined using ARL data from the ACSR on the cases studied. The level of HIV per genomic equivalent in the 45% HIV DNA positive cases was as high as one/cell equivalent. There was a significant (p<0.01) decrease in the prevalence of HIV-1 DNA-positive ARL cases post-HAART (after 1996; 39%) as compared to pre-HAART (before 1996; 54%). Additionally, our data suggest that the overall amount of HIV-1 DNA present in ARLs was less in the post-HAART era when compared to the pre-HAART era. The HIV DNA positive cases fell into a positive outcome category (MUM1 negative and CD10 positive) based on lymphoma immunophenotype literature (p< 0.02). Thus, a subset of ARLs containing high levels of HIV DNA, falls into a better outcome category based on immunophenotype data and may represent a different lymphoma pathogenic process. The existence of lymphoma specific variants of HIV is currently under investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2714. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2714
5-Acetyl-2-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-5-benzoyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile acetonitrile solvate.

The syntheses, X-ray structural investigations and calculations of the conformational preferences of the carbonyl substituent with respect to the pyran ring have been carried out for the two title compounds, viz. C15H14N2O2, (II), and C20H16N2O2·C2H3N, (III), respectively. In both mol­ecules, the heterocyclic ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. In (II), the carbonyl group and a double bond of the heterocyclic ring are syn, but in (III) they are anti. The carbonyl group forms a short contact with a methyl group H atom in (II). The dihedral angles between the pseudo-axial phenyl substituent and the flat part of the pyran ring are 92.7 (1) and 93.2 (1)° in (II) and (III), respectively. In the crystal structure of (II), inter­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a sheet along the (103) plane, while in (III), they link the mol­ecules into ribbons along the a axis.