cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of streamwise curvature on longitudinal vortices imbedded in turbulent boundary layers

Abstract Numerical experiments were conducted to study the fate of artificially introduced vortex pairs in an otherwise two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer, with emphasis on the influence of streamwise surface curvature. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional turbulent flows, together with a two-layer turbulence model to resolve the near-wall flow, were solved by a numerical method for a configuration for which some measurements are available from recent experiments. Longitudinal vortex pairs, with common flow between them down or up, were introduced in a flat-plate boundary layer, and in a boundary layer subsequently subjected to concave or convex wall curvatures to elucidate the effects of streamwise surface curvature and attendant pressure gradients in a curved rectangular duct. It was found that circulation around the primary vortex, introduced in the flow, decreases on flat and convex surfaces but increases on concave surface. Surface curvature has a rather dramatic effect not only on the development of the primary vortices, but also on the growth of secondary vortices. Although the two-layer turbulence model enables the prediction of most of the mean-flow features, it fails to predict the experimentally observed high levels of turbulence in the vortex cores.
An Electronic Second Skin

In clinical health monitoring, the diagnostic machines that perform physiological measurement and stimulation through skin are connected to patients with wires and cables. Such complicated wiring can be inconvenient and distressing for both patients and physicians. For example, a patient who may have heart disease is usually required to wear a bulky monitor for a prolonged period (typically a month) in order to capture the abnormal yet rare cardiac events. The current best electrodes are gel-coated adhesive pads. Many people, particularly those who have sensitive skins, will develop a rash, and the electrode locations have to be constantly moved around, interrupting monitoring. Clinical physicians strongly desire more compact and even wireless health monitoring devices. An electronic skin recently developed by Kim et al. ( 1 ), reported on page 838 in this issue, will help solve these problems and allow monitoring to be simpler, more reliable, and uninterrupted. These devices were made through “transfer printing” fabrication processes that create flexible versions of high-performance semiconductors that are brittle as bulk materials.
Increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha at the G2/M boundary in human osteosarcoma cells correlates with deglycosylation of p67 and a decreased rate of protein synthesis.

Abstract The rate of protein synthesis in higher eukaryotes is largely regulated at the level of eIF2α phosphorylation by its kinases. A cellular glycoprotein, p67, protects eIF2α from phosphorylation. An enzyme, p67-deglycosylase, when active, removes the carbohydrate moieties from p67 and inactivates it. Subsequently, protein synthesis is inhibited. During mitosis the overall rate of protein synthesis sharply declines. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this inhibition of protein synthesis, we have examined the phosphorylation of eIF2α and the activity of p67. We find that the phosphorylation of eIF2α increases at the G2/M border of cycling U2-OS cells, and p67 is deglycosylated at the same period of the cell cycle. In addition, the level and the activity of p67-deglycosylase also increase at the G2/M boundary of cycling U2-OS cells. These results thus provide an important in vivo correlation between the increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and deglycosylation of p67 by p67-deglycosylase at the G2/M boundary of cycling U2-OS cells. This may explain in part the inhibition of protein synthesis in U2-OS cells approaching mitosis.
Exploiting the on-chip inductance in high-speed clock distribution networks

On-chip inductance effects can be used to improve the performance of high-speed integrated circuits. Specifically, inductance improves the signal slew rate (the rise time), virtually eliminates short-circuit power consumption and reduces the area of the active devices and repeaters inserted to optimize the performance of long interconnects. These positive effects suggest the development of design strategies that benefit from on-chip inductance. An example of a clock distribution network is presented to illustrate the process in which inductance can be used to improve the performance of high-speed integrated circuits.
Mechanistic Details of Drug Translocation in MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump

Antibiotic efflux is one of the most important mechanisms of bacterial multi-drug resistance. Antibiotics are pumped out of the bacterial cell by tripartite efflux pumps containing three protein components (outer-membrane, periplasmic, and inner-membrane proteins). Together they are able to actively extrude both noxious and hazardless compounds from the internal bacterial compartments to the extracellular environment.Despite the efforts to characterize both the mechanism and dynamics of the tripartite pump complex, there are still several important answers that remain elusive. Here, we have used multi-scale molecular dynamics to get insights into the mechanism of drug translocation across the whole protein machinery. We have considered the MexAB-OprM pump complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a lipid model membrane that contains many components of a gram-negative bacterium. Our results suggest that the drug translocation depends on the size of the molecule. While drugs with varying sizes enter through a vestibule accessible from periplasm, only smaller drugs can enter the pump through a channel from the cytoplasmic leaflet of the inner-membrane component. Overall, drug binding leads to subtle conformational changes that are transmitted along the components in the periplasmic region. The influence of such drug induced conformational changes on the periplasmic and outer-membrane components and the coupling to the proton motive force are being probed. Subsequent extrusion of the drug through the outer membrane component is a passive process and concentration dependent. The free energy landscape of the drug translocation through this pump is evaluated as well.
Treating hepatitis C: Can you teach old dogs new tricks?

Viruses depend on host-derived factors for their efficient genome replication. Here, we demonstrate that a cellular peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), cyclophilin B (CyPB), is critical for the efficient replication of the hepatitis C virus genome. CyPB interacted with the HCV RNA polymerase NS5B to directly stimulate its RNA binding activity. Both the RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated reduction of endogenous CyPB expression and the induced loss of NS5B binding to CyPB decreased the levels of HCV replication. Thus, CyPB functions as a stimulatory regulator of NS5B in HCV replication machinery. This regulation mechanism for viral replication identifies CyPB as a target for antiviral therapeutic strategies.
LABOUR'S GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY'S LABOUR: CALIFORNIA AS AN (ANTI-) REVOLUTIONARY LANDSCAPE

The California agricultural landscape seemed on the cusp of radical, maybe even revolutionary, change just before World War II. But over the next twenty years, rather than radical change, patterns of capital concentration and labour hyper-exploitation were entrenched, in large part through growers’ ability to gain control over a programme to import indentured ‘guest workers’ – braceros – from Mexico. By examining how the California landscape did not change we can begin to understand more fully the complex relationship between landscape and revolution, which is what this article seeks to do. In the wake of the analysis made here, speculations are offered on how it behooves contemporary movements (usually urban) – and their theorists – to pay closer attention to the relationship between revolution and landscape.
Biased introgression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes: a comparison of diploid and haplodiploid systems

Hybridization between recently diverged species, even if infrequent, can lead to the introgression of genes from one species into another. The rates of mitochondrial and nuclear introgression often differ, with some taxa showing biases for mitochondrial introgression and others for nuclear introgression. Several hypotheses exist to explain such biases, including adaptive introgression, sex differences in dispersal rates, sex-specific prezygotic isolation and sex-specific fitness of hybrids (e.g. Haldane's rule). We derive a simple population genetic model that permits an analysis of sex-specific demographic and fitness parameters and measures the relative rates of mitochondrial and nuclear introgression between hybridizing pairs. We do this separately for diploid and haplodiploid species. For diploid taxa, we recover results consistent with previous hypotheses: an excess of one sex among the hybridizing migrants or sex-specific prezygotic isolation causes a bias for one type of marker or the other; when Haldane's rule is obeyed, we find a mitochondrial bias in XY systems and a nuclear bias in ZW systems. For haplodiploid taxa, the model reveals that owing to their unique transmission genetics, they are seemingly assured of strong mitochondrial biases in introgression rates, unlike diploid taxa, where the relative fitness of male and female hybrids can tip the bias in either direction. This heretofore overlooked aspect of hybridization in haplodiploids provides what is perhaps the most likely explanation for differential introgression of mitochondrial and nuclear markers and raises concerns about the use of mitochondrial DNA barcodes for species delimitation in these taxa.
Las Comadres as a Social Support System

This article explores the relationship among 38 Latinas who participated in the fictive kin system of compadrazgo, or coparenthood. This system encourages the sharing of child-rearing responsibilities among parents and acquired godparents. It is important for social workers to recognize these relationships when they assess all possible elements of support available to Latino families, particularly to the increasing number of female heads of households.
Holographic optics for a matched-filter optical processor

The requirements on and the performance of holographic Fourier transform lenses for a matched-filter optical processor are discussed. The holographic aberrations were analyzed using a ray-tracing computer program, and holographic lenses were fabricated and assembled into an optical processor. Analysis and experimental results show that holographic optics are capable of processing images of large space–bandwidth product and can be an attractive alternative to conventional optics.
Biofilms: the matrix revisited

Microbes often construct and live within surface-associated multicellular communities known as biofilms. The precise structure, chemistry and physiology of the biofilm all vary with the nature of its resident microbes and local environment. However, an important commonality among biofilms is that their structural integrity critically depends upon an extracellular matrix produced by their constituent cells. Extracellular matrices might be as diverse as biofilms, and they contribute significantly to the organization of the community. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the extracellular matrix and its role in biofilm biology.
Introduction to Nanotechnology: implementation of a cooperative program for gifted and talented elementary school children

Around the world, primary and secondary schools are challenged to implement appropriate programs for their gifted and talented students. In this paper, we present how our community's public school system and our college of engineering collaboratively developed and implemented a program on Nanotechnology for a group of forty 9–11 year olds on a completely self-sustaining basis. The program's objectives and outcomes are aligned with our state's Core Science and Academic Standards. Modest student fees (US $30 per child) cover the training and salary for undergraduate students to serve as instructors, as well as the salary for the K-12 teachers/mentors to be present as additional support during the sessions. After completing the program, the children met over 90% of the objectives. Subjectively, the program was highly regarded by both parents and students. Survey results from children who attended the program and their parents were 5.00/5.00 and 4.79/5.00, respectively.
Determination of the Viscoelastic Shear Modulus Using Forced Torsional Vibrations

A forced torsional vibration system has been developed to measure the shear storage and loss moduli on right circular cylindrical specimens whose diameter can vary from 2 to 9 cm and whose length can vary from 2 to 15 cm. The method and apparatus arc usable over a frequency range of 80 to 550 Hz and a temperature range of-2U°Cto80°C,
Mobile Technology as an Enabler of Organizational Agility

Business agility is a relatively new concept in management that has been developed in response to the turbulence of today?s marketplace. In this paper we explore the question of how mobile technology can be used as an enabler of organizational agility. To address this question, we use an exploratory research approach that employs grounded theory combined with multiple case studies. Using the Sambamurthy et al. [16] agility framework, we explore more than 100 case studies. Our findings include clusters of agilityenhancing benefits that emerge from using mobile technology in an organizational context.
Height Stereotypes of Women and Men: The Liabilities of Shortness for Both Sexes

Abstract This research examines height stereotypes of women and men in the United States using two methods of stereotype assessment, the trait ratings method and the percentage estimates method. Subjects rated female or male targets who were tall, of average height, or short on seven evaluative dimensions; social attractiveness, professional status, p0ersonal adjustment, athletic orientation, masculinity, femininity, and physical attractiveness. Findings indicated that height stereotypes of men encompassed six of the seven dimensions and suggested that shortness is more of a liability than tallness is an asset. Height stereotypes of women encompassed only two dimensions and again suggested the liabilities of shortness. Stronger stereotypes were obtained with the trait ratings method than with the percentage estimates method, although no differences in the content of the stereotypes were observed. Implications for future research on height effects on person perception and for the interchangeability of diff...
Endogenous Lentiviral Elements in the Weasel Family (Mustelidae)

Endogenous retroviruses provide molecular fossils for studying the ancient evolutionary history of retroviruses. Here, we report our independent discovery and analysis of endogenous lentiviral insertions (Mustelidae endogenous lentivirus [MELV]) within the genomes of weasel family (Mustelidae). Genome-scale screening identified MELV elements in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) genome (MELVmpf). MELVmpf exhibits a typical lentiviral genomic organization. Phylogenetic analyses position MELVmpf basal to either primate lentiviruses or feline immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, we verified the presence of MELV insertions in the genomes of several species of the Lutrinae and Mustelinae subfamilies but not the Martinae subfamily, suggesting that the invasion of MELV into the Mustelidae genomes likely took place between 8.8 and 11.8 Ma. The discovery of MELV in weasel genomes extends the host range of lentiviruses to the Caniformia (order Carnivora) and provides important insights into the prehistoric diversity of lentiviruses.
Dose-volume factors correlating with trismus following chemoradiation for head and neck cancer

Background. To investigate the dose-volume factors in mastication muscles that are implicated as possible causes of trismus in patients following treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for head and neck cancers.Material and methods. All evaluable patients treated at our institution between January 2004 and April 2009 with chemotherapy and IMRT for squamous cell cancers of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx or larynx were included in this analysis (N = 421). Trismus was assessed using CTCAE 4.0. Bi-lateral masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid muscles were delineated on axial computed tomography (CT) treatment planning images, and dose-volume parameters were extracted to investigate univariate and multimetric correlations.Results. Forty-six patients (10.9%) were observed to have chronic trismus of grade 1 or greater. From analysis of baseline patient characteristics, toxicity correlated with primary site and patient age. From dose-vol...
Theoretical and experimental investigation of 500 V p- and n-channel VDMOS-LIGBT transistors

Static and dynamic performance of the n-channel VDMOS-LIGBT, presented for the first time in this work, has been studied as a function of a few critical design parameters. A novel method for minimizing snap-back in this device and other similar hybrid devices is described. A unique back-injection of current out of the IGBT anode of the n-channel VDMOS-LIGBT during resistive turn-off has been observed experimentally and is elucidated using numerical simulations.
Angiography and embolisation in blunt splenic injury: a review

The surgical care of patients has evolved over the last 50 years. Operative intervention in the face of blunt spleen injury has been supplanted by non-operative techniques. Two of the newest techni...
Full-Color OLEDs Integrated by Dry Dye Printing

Dry dye printing and solvent-enhanced dye diffusion were used to locally dope a previously spin-coated poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) polymer film with different dyes to fabricate side-by-side red, green, and blue (RGB) organic light-emitting device pixels. The fabrication details and the resolution and stability of this patterning technique are discussed. The technique was then used to make combined polymer/small-molecule devices, in which the printability of polymer for color integration was combined with the superior transport properties and thin-layer capabilities of small molecules for high efficiency and low leakage current. To reduce reverse leakage current and raise efficiency, a blanket tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) electron transport layer was deposited on top of the polymer layer after the dye diffusion step, along with a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline hole/exciton blocking layer between the Alq3 and the PVK to ensure that all light emission occurred from the doped polymer and not from the Alq3. Devices with this hybrid doped polymer/small molecule structure have an extremely low reverse leakage current (with a rectification ratio of 106 at plusmn10 V). The electroluminescence efficiency of the devices was optimized by varying the dye concentration of the printing plate. A three-color passive-matrix test array with 300 mumtimes1 mm RGB subpixels was demonstrated with this structure
Generating detailed scene descriptions from range images

Techniques for extracting detailed, complete descriptions of polyhedral objects from light-stripe rangefinder data are described. The descriptions are in the form of 3D faces, edges, vertices, and their topology and geometry. A range image is first segmented into edge points. A line drawing is then obtained by fitting linear segments to the points in the image, and refining the segments to eliminate gaps. Faces are then generated from the line drawing. Interestingly, although the final description is in 3D. most of the processing is done in the 2D image space. This paper describes one part of a larger project whose goal is to obtain a full symbolic description of a scene from range data obtained from multiple viewpoints.
Warfield’s new argument for incompatibilism

Warfield (2000) has noticed that this argument commits a modal fallacy. For the most that one could hope to show by means of the argument is that there is no freedom if determinism is true. But the thesis of incompatibilism is not this (weak) claim, but rather its necessitation. And, as everyone accepts, from the fact that a proposition is true it does not follow that it is necessary. Warfield acknowledges that there might be ways to shore up the Consequence argument to avoid this objection, but proposes to sidestep the issue by offering an entirely new argument for incompatibilism. Despite its ingenuity, our purpose in this paper is to establish that Warfield's argument does not succeed. Let us begin by adopting some standard abbreviations, beginning with the use of 'D' for the material conditional:
Optical auto-correlation peak discriminator for optical CDMA signal detection

We experimentally demonstrate a compact optical auto-correlation peak discriminator based on four-wave mixing in a highly-nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber. The discriminator rejects cross-correlation peaks, thus improves the detection of optical CDMA signal and removes the error-floor.
Modeling flexural plate wave devices

A lumped-parameter model is derived for flexural plate wave (FPW) devices which are rectangular plates or diaphragms with structural layers, a piezoelectric layer, and with interdigitated conducting combs for driving and sensing. This configuration is often used in micromechanical chemical sensors. The model is based an a closed-form solution of a resonating beam; however, the results are applicable to plates supported on four edges. The model gives a voltage or charge output from the sense combs as a function of voltage applied to the drive combs. The analysis predicts the response of the multiple plate modes to axial tensions and to comb finger dimensions and position relative to the diaphragm eigenfunctions. These models are much more detailed than those described in the literature on acoustic chemical sensors and are difficult to obtain by finite-element solutions. Frequency responses of FPW devices constructed from silicon with deposited aluminum nitride as the piezoelectric compared well with analytic results. The effects of boundary conditions on the plate's lateral edges are discussed in both the analysis and testing.
Why Are We Worried About Income? Nearly Everything that Matters is Converging

Summary. — Convergence of national GDP/capita numbers is a common, but narrow, measure of global success or failure in development. This paper takes a broader range of quality of life variables covering health, education, rights and infrastructure and examines if they are converging across countries. It finds that these measures are converging as a rule and (where we have data) that they have been converging for some time. The paper turns to a discussion of what might be driving convergence in quality of life even as incomes diverge, and what this might mean for the donor community. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Distribution of recoveries of Steller's Eiders banded on the lower Alaska Peninsula, Alaska

Abstract Molting adult Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) were banded at Izembek Lagoon (1961–1998) and Nelson Lagoon (1995–1997) along the lower Alaska Peninsula to determine breeding distribution and movements. Of 52,985 Steller's Eiders banded, 347 were recovered. The overall low recovery rate may not be indicative of harvest levels but may be due to low reporting rates of bands. Almost all recoveries during summer were from Russia and recovery rates did not differ between sexes. We found no evidence that Steller's Eiders molting in specific locations were more likely to be recovered in specific geographic locations in Russia. Our recoveries suggest that Steller's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula were from Russian breeding sites and from remnant breeding populations in Alaska.
Early Medicaid Expansion In Connecticut Stemmed The Growth In Hospital Uncompensated Care

As states continue to debate whether or not to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), a key consideration is the impact of expansion on the financial position of hospitals, including their burden of uncompensated care. Conclusive evidence from coverage expansions that occurred in 2014 is several years away. In the meantime, we analyzed the experience of hospitals in Connecticut, which expanded Medicaid coverage to a large number of childless adults in April 2010 under the ACA. Using hospital-level panel data from Medicare cost reports, we performed difference-in-differences analyses to compare the change in Medicaid volume and uncompensated care in the period 2007–13 in Connecticut to changes in other Northeastern states. We found that early Medicaid expansion in Connecticut was associated with an increase in Medicaid discharges of 7–9 percentage points, relative to a baseline rate of 11 percent, and an increase of 7–8 percentage points in Medicaid revenue as a share of total revenue, relati...
Correlated S-palmitoylation profiling of Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Epithelial cells form spatially-organized adhesion complexes that establish polarity gradients, regulate cell proliferation, and direct wound healing. As cells accumulate oncogenic mutations, these key tumor suppression mechanisms are disrupted, eliminating many adhesion complexes and bypassing contact inhibition. The transcription factor Snail is often expressed in malignant cancers, where it promotes transcriptional reprogramming to drive epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and establishes a more invasive state. S-Palmitoylation describes the fatty-acyl post-translational modification of cysteine residues in proteins, and is required for membrane anchoring, trafficking, localization and function of hundreds of proteins involved in cell growth, polarity, and signaling. Since Snail-expression disrupts apico-basolateral cell polarity, we asked if Snail-dependent transformation induces proteome-wide changes in S-palmitoylation. MCF10A breast cancer cells were retrovirally transduced with Snail and correlated proteome-wide changes in protein abundance and S-palmitoylation were profiled by using stable isotope labeling in cell culture with amino acid (SILAC) mass spectrometry. This analysis identified increased levels of proteins involved in migration, glycolysis, and cell junction remodeling, and decreased levels of proteins involved in cell adhesion. Overall, protein S-palmitoylation is highly correlated with protein abundance, yet for a subset of proteins, this correlation is uncoupled. These findings suggest that Snail-overexpression affects the S-palmitoylation cycle of some proteins, which may participate in cell polarity and tumor suppression.
A Golden Frustum

This investigation started when I was considering the remarkable fact that a cone inscribed in a cylinder uses up exactly one-third of the volume of the cylinder. How might we divide the remaining volume of the cylinder in half, so the partitioning into thirds is complete? As shown in FIGURE 1, the divider could be a frustum of a taller cone. The frustum would share its larger base with the cylinder and the cone. In the other base of the cylinder, where the vertex of the cone is, there would be a smaller copy of the base, reduced according to some shrink factor. When you learn what the shrink factor turned out to be, I hope you will share a little of my surprise and pleasure.
Assessing the Performance of Common Tasks on Handheld Mobile Computers

The goal of this study was to examine three interfaces for handheld mobile computing (HMC) on the iPhone and then assess against a standard personal computer (PC) interface. While designers originally envisioned similar performance between HMC and PC, our results indicate differences between these platforms. However, specialized mobile sites and applications (Apps) greatly enhanced HMC performance on the iPhone. In particular, mobile content that required larger amounts of data entry benefited much more from these sorts of interfaces than mobile content for data acquisition.
Feedstock Blending in Indirectly Heated Gasifier/Liquifiers

Co-utilization of solid fuels with combustion turbines (CTs) can be accomplished by blending feedstocks in indirectly heated gasifier/liquifiers (IHG/L), Blending could improve the quality and yields of gaseous and liquid fuel outputs and, with gas clean-up (GCU) or liquid distillation, serve valuable societal functions. Gas yields vs. temperature, time and other variables have been obtained using batch fed and continuous fed laboratory scale IHG/Ls using particle sizes suitable for commercial systems. The rates of solids to gas/liquid conversion are mainly dependent upon the heat transfer and diffusion coefficients of the biomass rather than the rate constants for chemical decomposition. Phenomenological engineering formulas are developed for use with biomass that can be treated as a blend of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The main immediate goals are to develop: 1) laboratory scale process development units (PDUs) that can help anticipate results with commercial IHG/L systems, 2) predictive models for estimating gaseous, liquid and char yields when various blends of biomass and other domestic fuels are processed in IHG/Ls and 3) applications of IHG-GCU-CT systems that could drive technology development during periods of low oil and natural gas prices.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
Prescient memory: exposing weak memory model behavior by looking into the future

Shared-memory parallel programs are hard to get right. A major challenge is that language and hardware memory models allow unexpected, erroneous behaviors for executions containing data races. Researchers have introduced dynamic analyses that expose weak memory model behaviors, but these approaches cannot expose behaviors due to loading a "future value" -- a value written by a program store that executes after the program load that uses the value. This paper presents prescient memory (PM), a novel dynamic analysis that exposes behaviors due to future values. PM speculatively returns a future value at a program load, and tries to validate the speculative value at a later store. To enable PM to expose behaviors due to future values in real application executions, we introduce a novel approach that increases the chances of using and successfully validating future values, by profiling and predicting future values and guiding execution. Experiments show that our approach is able to uncover a few previously unknown behaviors due to future values in benchmarked versions of real applications. Overall, PM overcomes a key limitation of existing approaches, broadening the scope of program behaviors that dynamic analyses can expose.
Can a Well-Ordered Society Respect Liberal Property Rights?

In this chapter, I begin by asking whether a well-ordered society can respect liberal property rights. That is, if we really are committed to the egalitarian principles defended in the first two chapters, can we respect inequality in wealth and income? I hold those liberal principles up to Marxist scrutiny, and I argue that it is possible to respect Rawls’ legitimate expectations while undermining Marx’s two most pressing concerns about liberal property—for example, alienation and exploitation.
Can We Fix This? Parent-Child Repair Processes and Preschoolers' Regulatory Skills

The repair of difficult parent-child interactions is a marker of healthy functioning in infancy, but less is known about repair processes during early childhood. We used dynamic systems methods to investigate dyadic repair in mothers and their 3-year-old children (N = 96) and its prediction of children's emotion regulation and behavior problems at a four-month follow-up. Mothers and children completed free play and challenging puzzle tasks. Repair was operationalized as the conditional probability of moving into a dyadic adaptive behavior region after individual or dyadic maladaptive behavior (e.g., child noncompliance, parental criticism). Overall, dyads repaired approximately half their maladaptive behaviors. A greater likelihood of repair during the puzzle task predicted better child emotion regulation and fewer behavior problems in preschool. Results suggest dyadic repair is an important process in early childhood and provide further evidence for the connection between parent-child coregulation and children's developing regulatory capacities. Implications for family-based interventions are discussed.
Optimal reactive power allocation to minimize line and DG losses in a radial distribution system

Power loss minimization is a very important aspect in power transmission and distribution. As Distribution Generators (DGs) are rapidly penetrating, the power loss in the distribution systems have been studied in the presence of DGs. It is known that reactive power from DGs can improve voltage profile and reduce line losses. However, excessive use of reactive power from the DGs can increase DG losses. In this paper, an optimization strategy to allocate reactive power to the DGs is proposed to operate the distribution system at lowest total system loss including not only the line losses as it is conventionally done, but also the DG losses. First, a novel approach to solve the power flow of a radial distribution system is discussed. This is then employed in the formulation of the non-linear optimization problem. The proposed strategy is applied on an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and the results are compared with conventional reactive power allocation strategies for line loss reduction. It is shown that by including the DG losses in the optimization, we can obtain a solution for lowest total system losses and also achieve an improvement in the voltage profile of a radial distribution system.
A 3D body posture analysis framework during merging and lane-changing maneuvers

ABSTRACTAlthough significant advances have been done with respect to vehicle technology and roadway construction, driver behavior remains the number one contributing factor of traffic crashes worldwide. Studies show that one of the major causes of crashes is driver inattention, which may occur when drivers are involved with secondary activities (e.g., texting, talking on the phone, or eating), and when they fail to follow the cues of the surrounding environment while driving. The objective of this study was to develop a method that monitors driver body posture and movements inside the cabin and test it among different drivers when performing merging and lane-changing maneuvers, because these types of maneuvers require significant body movement and may also result in unsafe situations. The developed method was applied in a naturalistic setting where 35 drivers were invited to participate. Participants' 3D body posture was recorded with the use of a low-cost infrared depth sensor (Microsoft Kinect). Partici...
Increased odds and predictive rates of MMPI-2-RF scale elevations in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and observed sex differences.

Abstract Objective The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is a self-report instrument, previously shown to differentiate patients with epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). At present, the odds of MMPI-2-RF scale elevations in PNES patients, as well as the diagnostic predictive value of such scale elevations, remain largely unexplored. This can be of clinical utility, particularly when a diagnosis is uncertain. Method After looking at mean group differences, we applied contingency table derived odds ratios to a sample of ES ( n = 92) and PNES ( n = 77) patients from a video EEG (vEEG) monitoring unit. We also looked at the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), as well as the false discovery rate (FDR) and false omission rate (FOR) for scales found to have increased odds of elevation in PNES patients. This was completed for the overall sample, as well as the sample stratified by sex. Results The odds of elevations related to somatic concerns, negative mood, and suicidal ideation in the PNES sample ranged from 2 to 5 times more likely. Female PNES patients had 3–6 times greater odds of such scale elevations, while male PNES patients had odds of 5–15 times more likely. PPV rates ranged from 53.66% to 84.62%, while NPV rates ranged from 47.52% to 90.91%. FDR across scales ranged from 15.38% to 50%, while the FOR ranged from 9.09% to 52.47%. Conclusions Consistent with prior research, PNES patients have greater odds of MMPI-2-RF scale elevations, particularly related to somatic concerns and mood disturbance. Female PNES patients endorsed greater emotional distress, including endorsement of suicide related items. Elevations of these scales could aid in differentiating PNES from ES patients, although caution is warranted due to the possibility of both false positives and the incorrect omissions of PNES cases.
GDP and energy consumption: A panel analysis of the US

Abstract Does energy consumption lead to economic growth or does economic growth cause energy consumption? Arguments can be made either way and empirical studies have been inconclusive. Most of the existing studies relating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Energy Consumption (EC) use countries as the unit of observation which complicates the interpretation and generalization of results because countries differ greatly in their stage of economic development, culture, technology and so forth. This study focuses on states within the U.S.A. which avoids many of these complications. Specifically, the relationship between state energy consumption and state GDP for the country is analyzed. Empirical results using panel cointegration and panel causality tests which allows for heterogeneity and structural breaks are applied to the country as a whole and regions within the country. There are significant regional differences within the U.S. especially for two regions; in the Rocky mountain region energy consumption Granger causes state GDP and in the Southwest it is opposite, GDP Granger causes energy consumption. The full results suggest that federal energy policy needs to be flexible to be most beneficial to the different regions.
Privacy and Outing

Some elected officials have been both closeted and homophobic, supporting anti-gay policies and laws at every opportunity, even trumpeting their anti-gay voting record to their constituents. While their choice to be closeted may be protected by privacy, an aspect of broader liberty, may they at the same time be outed without violating their right to privacy? Some members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community have chosen to express their autonomy in a different way: by being out, yet being out in a homophobic society with its anti-gay policies and laws has entailed risks that impinge on this autonomy and on the freedom to participate as an equal citizen in a society that was foreclosed as much possible by the closeted homophobic elected public official who helps to maintain a system that accords him money, privilege, and power at a cost he apparently is willing to bear. This is an asymmetrical relationship in which the choice of the gay but homophobic lawmaker to be closeted is protected but incompatible with the autonomy of others, namely, of gay individuals and the LGBT community as a whole who are negatively impacted by the laws and policies the former advocates for. This asymmetry, based on a fraudulent pretense, contributes to the injustice at work and affects the political process for gay- citizen participants that outing rightly seeks to rectify.
Association of the α and β2 Subunits of the Tryptophan Synthetase of Escherichia coli

Abstract The association of the α and β2 subunits of tryptophan synthetase has been studied by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation, Sephadex gel filtration, and enzymatic activity measurements. The results indicate that the fully associated enzyme (α2β2) has a sedimentation coefficient of 6.4S and is in relatively rapid equilibrium with the free subunits. Mass law and kinetic considerations are consistent with the reversible binding of individual α subunits to two identical and independent sites on the β2 subunit, with each combined site contributing the same enzymatic activity. Pyridoxal phosphate and serine together markedly increase the association of the two subunits. Prior incubation of the two subunits with serine and pyridoxal-P apparently increases their association when they are sedimented in sucrose gradients in the absence of serine and pyridoxal-P. Apparent association constants for the subunits have been measured enzymatically under various conditions and found to range from 4 x 106 to 2.6 x 109 m-1. Under the two extreme conditions of affinity of the α and β2 subunits, apparent rate constants for association have been estimated to be 2 x 104 and 6 x 105 sec-1 m-1. Likewise, the dissociation rate constants determined were 4.8 x 10-3 and 1.8 x 10-4 sec-1. Mutations abolishing the enzymatic activity of the β2 subunit can selectively alter the stimulatory effect of pyridoxal-P and serine on the ability of mutant β2 subunit to combine with normal α subunits, without affecting its basal affinity for the α subunits.
Theoretical and numerical analysis of acoustic emission guided waves released during crack propagation

This article presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of guided wave released during an acoustic emission event using excitation potentials. Theoretical formulation showed that guided wave gen...
Satellite Observations to Monitor Subarctic Rain-on-Snow Events

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events have been the focus of numerous studies in the past five years. Their characteristics (frequency, extent, and duration) represent a new and relevant climate indicator. However, monitoring ROS occurrences remotely using satellite observations is deemed challenging. The ROS events can be sporadic, of very different intensities, and the outcome of the rain water uncertain (either it freezes in the snow cover or runs off). Using passive and active microwave remote sensing observations, our study proposes new approaches to monitor the occurrence of ROS events. Specifically, we utilize observations from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), and Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), and GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). We compare our ROS detection against weather stations and recently published algorithms using a different set of microwave frequencies.
Morphological and functional impairment in the gut in a partial body irradiation minipig model of GI-ARS.

Purpose: Gottingen minipig (G-MP) displays classic gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) following total body irradiation (TBI) at GI doses which are lethal by 10–14 days. In collabora...
An energy and life-cycle cost comparison of residential PSC and ECM blower systems operating at excess pressures due to restrictive ducts

Abstract This study is to comprehensively evaluate energy impacts and life cycle costs of duct designs for residential central HVAC systems. Building energy simulations were performed under two different climates (Chicago, IL and Austin, TX) to predict the heating and cooling energy use in systems with blowers of different types of motors, namely electronically commutated motors (ECMs) and permanent split capacitor (PSC) motors, paired with ductworks of varying flow resistance and duct materials. In addition to the energy use, the life cycle cost of each duct design was determined over a 15-year lifetime. Depending on the specific duct design, the annual energy cost in the Chicago home decreased by 11–17% for systems with ECM blowers and 3–8% for systems with PSC blowers as the flow resistance decreased from 0.8 to 0.3 in. w.g. (200–75 Pa). In the Austin home for the same flow resistance decreases, the annual energy costs decreased by 16–18% for systems with ECM blowers and 7–8% for systems with PSC blowers. Although the cost-effectiveness of a specific duct design is shown to be heavily dependent on initial duct fabrication and installation costs, the use of lower flow resistance ductworks generally leads to lifetime savings in the presence of 10% supply and return leakage. Specifically, the lifetime saving is achieved in 6 out of 8 simulated cases for the Chicago home and all simulated cases for the Austin home.
pH controlled synthesis of UV excited host-sensitized luminescence in Dy3+ doped Ga2O3

Abstract A series of Dy3+-doped Ga2O3 powders were prepared via a simple hydrothermal reaction method, conducted without the use of any surfactants at varying initial pH. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photo-Luminescence (PL), UV–Vis–NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) and WDS/EDS were employed to characterize the synthesized powders. The influence of starting solution pH on the growth process of the GaOOH particles and on the host-sensitized luminescence of the Dy3+:Ga2O3 powders were investigated in detail. It is revealed that the active energy transfer processes can be influenced by variation of the Dy3+ concentration, and that a starting solution pH value of 8 is optimal for maximizing Dy3+ incorporation into the Ga2O3 lattice. This work presents a method to produce Dy3+:Ga2O3 with tunable UV-pumped emission, and provides evidence that white emission can be achieved through careful control of dopant concentration, which makes the material attractive for solid state UV pumped-white emission applications.
Photonic Controlled-PHASE Gate Using Dynamic Cavities and a Kerr Nonlinearity

We propose a photonic CPHASE gate based on Kerr nonlinearities and tunable cavities enabling complete absorption and re-emission of photons. Storing photons about 40 times the width of their wavepackets results in 99% gate fidelity.
Structural basis of tubulin detyrosination by vasohibins

Microtubules are regulated by post-translational modifications of tubulin. The ligation and cleavage of the carboxy-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin impact microtubule functions during mitosis, cardiomyocyte contraction and neuronal processes. Tubulin tyrosination and detyrosination are mediated by tubulin tyrosine ligase and the recently discovered tubulin detyrosinases, vasohibin 1 and 2 (VASH1 and VASH2) bound to the small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP). Here, we report the crystal structures of human VASH1-SVBP alone, in complex with a tyrosine-derived covalent inhibitor and bound to the natural product parthenolide. The structures and subsequent mutagenesis analyses explain the requirement for SVBP during tubulin detyrosination, and reveal the basis for the recognition of the C-terminal tyrosine and the acidic α-tubulin tail by VASH1. The VASH1-SVBP-parthenolide structure provides a framework for designing more effective chemical inhibitors of vasohibins, which can be valuable for dissecting their biological functions and may have therapeutic potential.
A single-center analysis of initial imaging in multiple myeloma (MM).

e18554 Background: Current recommendations for the evaluation of MM include a skeletal survey (SS) and possibly an MRI. The literature documents a discrepancy in the detection of important skeletal...
Elastic Scattering of Alpha Particles by N 15

Absolute differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of alpha particles by ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$ have been measured in a differentially-pumped gas scattering chamber. The measurements were made at center-of-mass angles of 169.1, 149.5, 140.8, 125.3, 90.0, and 70.0 degrees for alpha-particle energies from 1.75 to 5.50 Mev, corresponding to 5.37- to 8.33-Mev excitation of the compound nucleus ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$. The experimental widths of the levels observed below approximately 3.5-Mev bombarding energy are generally narrow, in most cases less than 10 kev. Above 3.5 Mev a marked increase in the level width was observed. As a result of an analysis based on the Wigner-Eisenbud reaction theory, values of $J$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${E}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, and ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}}^{2}$ were assigned to 16 levels in ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$.