cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arctic Tropospheric Warming: Causes and Linkages to Lower Latitudes

AbstractArctic temperatures have risen dramatically relative to those of lower latitudes in recent decades, with a common supposition being that sea ice declines are primarily responsible for amplified Arctic tropospheric warming. This conjecture is central to a hypothesis in which Arctic sea ice loss forms the beginning link of a causal chain that includes weaker westerlies in midlatitudes, more persistent and amplified midlatitude waves, and more extreme weather. Through model experimentation, the first step in this chain is examined by quantifying contributions of various physical factors to October–December (OND) mean Arctic tropospheric warming since 1979. The results indicate that the main factors responsible for Arctic tropospheric warming are recent decadal fluctuations and long-term changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), both located outside the Arctic. Arctic sea ice decline is the largest contributor to near-surface Arctic temperature increases, but it accounts for only about 20% of the ma...
Ultra wideband microstrip antenna for phased array applications

In this paper, an ultra wideband microstrip-fed printed antenna is presented for phased antenna array systems. The antenna consists of two parallel modified dipoles of different lengths. The regular dipole shape is modified to a quasi-rhombus shape by adding two triangular patches. Using two dipoles helps maintain stable radiation patterns close to their resonance frequencies. The proposed antenna provides endfire radiation patterns with high gain, high front-to-back ratio, low cross polarization level, wide beamwidth, and wide scanning angles in a wide bandwidth of 103%.
Integrative database management for mouse development: systems and concepts.

Cells in the developing embryo must integrate complex signals from the genome and environment to make decisions about their behavior or fate. The ability to understand the fundamental biology of the decision-making process, and how these decisions may go awry during abnormal development, requires a systems biology paradigm. Presently, the ability to build models with predictive capability in birth defects research is constrained by an incomplete understanding of the fundamental parameters underlying embryonic susceptibility, sensitivity, and vulnerability. Key developmental milestones must be parameterized in terms of system structure and dynamics, the relevant control methods, and the overall design logic of metabolic and regulatory networks. High-content data from genome-based studies provide some comprehensive coverage of these operational processes but a key research challenge is data integration. Analysis can be facilitated by data management resources and software to reveal the structure and function of bionetwork motifs potentially associated with an altered developmental phenotype. Borrowing from applied mathematics and artificial intelligence, we conceptualize a system that can help address the new challenges posed by the transformation of birth defects research into a data-driven science. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 81:1–19, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Business-to-business electronic commerce: the convergence of relationships, networked supply chains and value webs

Global competition, ever-increasing customer demands and rising development costs are altering the way business is being conducted. The dot corn bubble burst has shown little if any impact on developments on the business-to-business side of electronic commerce. Firms are aware that they have no choice but to develop stronger and closer ties with suppliers on the buy-side and with their business customers on the sell-side of the extended enterprise. Massive investments are made in this area of electronic commerce and these efforts are happening rather quietly, almost in the background. This implies that every part of the supply chain is being challenged, from sourcing to procurement and from order fulfillment to customer service.
Demystifying 60GHz outdoor picocells

Mobile network traffic is set to explode in our near future, driven by the growth of bandwidth-hungry media applications. Current capacity solutions, including buying spectrum, WiFi offloading, and LTE picocells, are unlikely to supply the orders-of-magnitude bandwidth increase we need. In this paper, we explore a dramatically different alternative in the form of 60GHz mmwave picocells with highly directional links. While industry is investigating other mmwave bands (e.g. 28GHz to avoid oxygen absorption), we prefer the unlicensed 60GHz band with highly directional, short-range links (~100m). 60GHz links truly reap the spatial reuse benefits of small cells while delivering high per-user data rates and leveraging efforts on indoor 60GHz PHY technology and standards. Using extensive measurements on off-the-shelf 60GHz radios and system-level simulations, we explore the feasibility of 60GHz picocells by characterizing range, attenuation due to reflections, sensitivity to movement and blockage, and interference in typical urban environments. Our results dispel some common myths, and show that there are no fundamental physical barriers to high-capacity 60GHz outdoor picocells. We conclude by identifying open challenges and associated research opportunities.
Evaluation and Comparison of Physicomechanical Characteristics of Gelatin and Hypromellose Capsules

The aim of this study is evaluation and comparison of physical and mechanical properties of hypromellose and gelatin capsules. For this purpose, the empty and filled capsules of hypromellose and gelatin (size 4) were examined in regard with their physical and mechanical characteristics, employing textural analysis, and disintegration properties in various immersion fluids, utilizing a USP 28 disintegration apparatus. The results demonstrated that owing to their greater water permeability, gelatin capsules disintegrate much faster than hypromellose shells in all tested media. However, hypromellose capsules showed a more uniform pattern of dispersion in the disintegration fluids. As for mechanical properties, at ambient conditions, gelatin capsules appeared to be harder and stronger with less elasticity as compared with hypromellose shells. On the contrary, at an elevated temperature, gelatin capsules demonstrated lower resilience. This study shows that hypromellose capsules have excellent properties and are promising as far as regulatory, manufacturing, religious, and dietary issues are concerned.
The iSLIP scheduling algorithm for input-queued switches

An increasing number of high performance internetworking protocol routers, LAN and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches use a switched backplane based on a crossbar switch. Most often, these systems use input queues to hold packets waiting to traverse the switching fabric. It is well known that if simple first in first out (FIFO) input queues are used to hold packets then, even under benign conditions, head-of-line (HOL) blocking limits the achievable bandwidth to approximately 58.6% of the maximum. HOL blocking can be overcome by the use of virtual output queueing, which is described in this paper. A scheduling algorithm is used to configure the crossbar switch, deciding the order in which packets will be served. Previous results have shown that with a suitable scheduling algorithm, 100% throughput can be achieved. In this paper, we present a scheduling algorithm called iSLIP. An iterative, round-robin algorithm, iSLIP can achieve 100% throughput for uniform traffic, yet is simple to implement in hardware. Iterative and noniterative versions of the algorithms are presented, along with modified versions for prioritized traffic. Simulation results are presented to indicate the performance of iSLIP under benign and bursty traffic conditions. Prototype and commercial implementations of iSLIP exist in systems with aggregate bandwidths ranging from 50 to 500 Gb/s. When the traffic is nonuniform, iSLIP quickly adapts to a fair scheduling policy that is guaranteed never to starve an input queue. Finally, we describe the implementation complexity of iSLIP. Based on a two-dimensional (2-D) array of priority encoders, single-chip schedulers have been built supporting up to 32 ports, and making approximately 100 million scheduling decisions per second.
Migraine-associated vestibulopathy.

Purpose of review In the past few years, otologists have been seeing an increasing number of patients with vestibular disorders due to migraine-associated vestibulopathy. This article reviews some of the latest developments in the understanding of this disease process, specifically its incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent findings Migraine-associated vestibular symptoms may include episodic true vertigo, movement-provoked dysequilibrium, imbalance/unsteadiness, and complaints of lightheadedness. The pathophysiology of migraine-associated vestibulopathy is not completely understood; however, both peripheral and central deficits have been observed. Although the International Headache Society classification does not include migraine-associated vestibulopathy as a subclassification of migraine, there is emerging evidence to support this development, which should then lead toward improved diagnosis and treatment. Currently, migraine-associated vestibulopathy is still considered a diagnosis of exclusion. Summary Treatment of migraine-associated vestibulopathy is effective and includes lifestyle changes, such as reducing triggers that increase susceptibility to migraines (e.g. stress, poor diet, nicotine, or irregular sleep patterns), prophylactic and abortive medications, vestibular therapy, or a combination of these. Further research is needed to better understand migraine-associated vestibulopathy and improve treatment.
A novel forward-backward predictor based low-power DSP system

In this paper, we present an algorithmic noise tolerance (ANT) technique for low-power digital signal processing systems. The proposed technique employs a low-complexity forward-backward predictor to correct errors in a main DSP (MDSP) block due to voltage overscaling, which is an ultra low-voltage operating condition. For a frequency selective FIR filtering, it is shown that the proposed technique achieves up to 43% power savings over an optimally voltage scaled MDSP with a 5% area overhead.
Patterns of Activity in the Categorical Representations of Objects

Object perception has been a subject of extensive fMRI studies in recent years. Yet the nature of the cortical representation of objects in the human brain remains controversial. Analyses of fMRI data have traditionally focused on the activation of individual voxels associated with presentation of various stimuli. The current analysis approaches functional imaging data as collective information about the stimulus. Linking activity in the brain to a stimulus is treated as a pattern-classification problem. Linear discriminant analysis was used to reanalyze a set of data originally published by Ishai et al. (2000), available from the fMRIDC (accession no. 2-2000-1113D). Results of the new analysis reveal that patterns of activity that distinguish one category of objects from other categories are largely independent of one another, both in terms of the activity and spatial overlap. The information used to detect objects from phase-scrambled control stimuli is not essential in distinguishing one object category from another. Furthermore, performing an object-matching task during the scan significantly improved the ability to predict objects from controls, but had minimal effect on object classification, suggesting that the task-based attentional benefit was non-specific to object categories.
Acute Infection with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particles Catalyzes a Systemic Antiviral State and Protects from Lethal Virus Challenge

The host innate immune response provides a critical first line of defense against invading pathogens, inducing an antiviral state to impede the spread of infection. While numerous studies have documented antiviral responses within actively infected tissues, few have described the earliest innate response induced systemically by infection. Here, utilizing Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) replicon particles (VRP) to limit infection to the initially infected cells in vivo, a rapid activation of the antiviral response was demonstrated not only within the murine draining lymph node, where replication was confined, but also within distal tissues. In the liver and brain, expression of interferon-stimulated genes was detected by 1 to 3 h following VRP footpad inoculation, reaching peak expression of >100-fold over that in mock-infected animals. Moreover, mice receiving a VRP footpad inoculation 6, 12, or 24 h prior to an otherwise lethal VEE footpad challenge were completely protected from death, including a drastic reduction in challenge virus titers. VRP pretreatment also provided protection from intranasal VEE challenge and extended the average survival time following intracranial challenge. Signaling through the interferon receptor was necessary for antiviral gene induction and protection from VEE challenge. However, VRP pretreatment failed to protect mice from a heterologous, lethal challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus, yet conferred protection following challenge with influenza virus. Collectively, these results document a rapid modulation of the host innate response within hours of infection, capable of rapidly alerting the entire animal to pathogen invasion and leading to protection from viral disease.
Practical algorithm for data security (PADS) in wireless sensor networks

When data are generated in sensor networks, high-speed data streams travel through the network. Traditional security approaches are often unable to keep up with the rates of the streams or they introduce overhead, which shortens the life of the network. The approach proposed in this paper is one that solves the problems posed above. By embedding a one-time pad, the actual value is distorted enough to make any information gleaned from eavesdropping useless to an attacker. The use of the one-time pad ensures that the data were indeed received from a particular sensor, and it gives adequate protection against injected messages. The simulation shows this approach provides security with negligible overhead while the throughput is similar to the same network without security.
Solar System Eotvos Experiments

Abstract If the gravitational-to-inertial mass ratio of Solar System bodies differ from 1 by order (body's gravitational potential energy/body's total rest energy), nonclassical perturbations, both secular and oscillatory, will be present in the orbits of the bodies. Several types of experiments to measure celestial body m g m i ratios are proposed and analyzed. It is pointed out that measurements of the m g m i ratio of celestial bodies have the significance of being new and more extensive than past tests of Einstein's gravitational theory even if the experiments result in m g m i = 1 .
When Humanizing Brands Goes Wrong: The Detrimental Effect of Brand Anthropomorphization amid Product Wrongdoings:

Abstract The brand relationship literature shows that the humanizing of brands and products generates more favorable consumer attitudes and thus enhances brand performance. However, the authors propose negative downstream consequences of brand humanization; that is, the anthropomorphization of a brand can negatively affect consumers' brand evaluations when the brand faces negative publicity caused by product wrongdoings. They find that consumers who believe in personality stability (i.e., entity theorists) view anthropomorphized brands that undergo negative publicity less favorably than nonanthropomorphized brands. In contrast, consumers who advocate personality malleability (i.e., incremental theorists) are less likely to devalue an anthropomorphized brand from a single instance of negative publicity. Finally, the authors explore three firm response strategies (i.e., denial, apology, and compensation) that can affect the evaluations of anthropomorphized brands for consumers with different implicit theory...
Nurse practitioner knowledge, use, and referral of complementary/alternative therapies.

AbstractPurpose:The study aims are to (a) describe nurse practitioners' (NPs') belief in effectiveness, knowledge, referral, and use of complementary/alternative therapies (C/ATs), (b) explore the initiation of C/AT dialogue between NPs and their patients, and (c) examine the relationships between d
Late effects of hematopoietic cell transplantation among 10-year adult survivors compared with case-matched controls.

Purpose To determine late effects of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) on health problems and health-related quality of life for 10-year survivors. Patients and Methods Four hundred five adults consented to the study before HCT. Medical records and standardized self-report measures were maintained prospectively. After 10 years, 137 survivors and nontransplant controls, case-matched on age, sex, and race, completed self-report of medical problems, symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Results Survivors and controls had similar rates of hospitalization and most diseases, but survivors reported an average of 3.5 medical problems versus 1.7 for controls (P < .001). Survivors reported more musculoskeletal stiffness, cramps, weakness and joint swelling (P < .001), cataract surgery (P < .001), hepatitis C (P = .004), sexual problems for men (P = .01) and women (P < .001), restrictions in social function (P = .002), memory and attention concerns (P = .003), urinary frequency or leaking (P = .006), ...
High-speed digital phonoscopy images analyzed by Nyquist plots

Vocal-fold vibration is a key dynamic event in voice production, and the vibratory characteristics of the vocal fold correlate closely with voice quality and health condition. Laryngeal imaging provides direct means to observe the vocal fold vibration; in the past, however, available modalities were either too slow or impractical to resolve the actual vocal fold vibrations. This limitation has now been overcome by high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) (or high-speed digital phonoscopy), which records images of the vibrating vocal folds at a rate of 2000 frames per second or higher- fast enough to resolve a specific, sustained phonatory vocal fold vibration. The subsequent image-based functional analysis of voice is essential to better understanding the mechanism underlying voice production, as well as assisting the clinical diagnosis of voice disorders. Our primary objective is to develop a comprehensive analytical platform for voice analysis using the HSDI recordings. So far, we have developed various analytical approaches for the HSDI-based voice analyses. These include Nyquist plots and associated analysese that are used along with FFT and Spectrogram in the analysis of the HSDI data representing normal voice and specific voice pathologies.
The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Network: Applications to modern medicine.

Abstract Introduction The inability of some seriously and chronically ill individuals to receive a definitive diagnosis represents an unmet medical need. In 2008, the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) was established to provide answers to patients with mysterious conditions that long eluded diagnosis and to advance medical knowledge. Patients admitted to the NIH UDP undergo a five-day hospitalization, facilitating highly collaborative clinical evaluations and a detailed, standardized documentation of the individual's phenotype. Bedside and bench investigations are tightly coupled. Genetic studies include commercially available testing, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis, and family exomic sequencing studies. Selected gene variants are evaluated by collaborators using informatics, in vitro cell studies, and functional assays in model systems (fly, zebrafish, worm, or mouse). Insights from the UDP In seven years, the UDP received 2954 complete applications and evaluated 863 individuals. Nine vignettes (two unpublished) illustrate the relevance of an undiagnosed diseases program to complex and common disorders, the coincidence of multiple rare single gene disorders in individual patients, newly recognized mechanisms of disease, and the application of precision medicine to patient care. Conclusions The UDP provides examples of the benefits expected to accrue with the recent launch of a national Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN). The UDN should accelerate rare disease diagnosis and new disease discovery, enhance the likelihood of diagnosing known diseases in patients with uncommon phenotypes, improve management strategies, and advance medical research.
Molybdena Enhanced Rh/Al2O3 Catalysts

Abstract Incorporation of large amounts of molybdena into Rh/Al 2 O 3 catalysts has been found to increase the rate of CO hydrogenation more than ten-fold. The selectivity to oxygenates is increased significantly and the shift reaction is also accelerated. Kinetic and characterization studies have led to a proposed dual-site mechanism in which CO is activated by Rh and H 2 by MoO 3-x . Increased activity and selectivity are both attributed to a more effective hydrogenation capability provided by the molybdena.
Outcomes of double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube placement.

Background and study aims: In a large series, conventional direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) tube placement with push endoscopes failed in approximately one-third of patients. In a pilot study, double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE)-assisted DPEJ tube placement was successful in all patients in whom attempted conventional DPEJ had failed. The study aim was to assess the technical success of and adverse events related to DBE-DPEJ tube placement in a large cohort of patients. Patients and methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent DBE-DPEJ tube placement between July 2010 and November 2013 were reviewed using a prospectively maintained electronic database. Data were abstracted for patient demographics, indications for DPEJ, gut anatomy, technical success rate, causes of failure, and adverse events. Results: The study comprised a total of 94 patients (39 men; mean age 56 years; body mass index [BMI] 23 ± 6.4 kg/m 2 ). The most common indication for DPEJ was gastroparesis (n = 29). Altered gut anatomy was present in 36 patients (38 %). DBE-DPEJ tube placement was technically successful in 87 patients (93 %). The mean procedure duration was 33 minutes (range 15 – 88). DBE-DPEJ tube placement failed in seven patients (7 %), primarily because of limited instrument advancement in the setting of presumed surgical adhesions. Post-procedural adverse events occurred in eight patients (9 %), with one serious adverse event, which was a gastric interposition requiring surgical repair. Conclusions: Compared with the published outcomes of DPEJ by conventional endoscopy, DBE-DPEJ tube placement was technically successful in a high proportion of patients (93 %) and with a relatively low rate of significant adverse events.
Has Cable Ended the Golden Age of Presidential Television

For the past 30 years, presidents have enlisted prime-time television to promote their policies to the American people. For most of this era, they have been able to commandeer the national airwaves and speak to “captive” viewers. Recently, however, presidents appear to be losing their audiences. Two leading explanations are the rise of political disaffection and the growth of cable. We investigate both by developing and testing a model of the individual's viewing decision using both cross-sectional (1996 NES survey) and time-series (128 Nielsen audience ratings for presidential appearances between 1969 and 1998) data. We find that cable television but not political disaffection has ended the golden era of presidential television. Moreover, we uncover evidence that both presidents and the broadcast networks have begun adapting strategically to this new reality in scheduling presidential appearances.
Toward a Deserved Image and Identity of the Chinese Consumers in the Global Marketplace of Tourism

This article aims to draw an urgent attention to the critical need for the study of Chinese consumers in the global tourism marketplace.Through a concise review of a 2006 book written by a western scholar,this paper highlights the prevalent bias of westerners' view towards China's tourism and Chinese tourists.Describing the Chinese as passive tourists who are constructed by the Chinese state,inferior to their western counterparts,and ignorant of the western landscape,the book represents the western denial of the sudden rise of the Chinese outlound travel.To present to the world the deserved identity and image of the Chinese tourists,this article recommends an urgent research agenda that consists of cutting-edge studies of why the Chinese travel,who they are,and what they desire of an international travel experience.The important role and responsibility of the Chinese researchers imbedded in the Chinese tourists are emphasized.
Discussion about the Practical Technology of Electric Energy Measuring for Nonlinear Load

The non-linear load affecting existing electric energy meter performance is studied by experiments and operation verification.A reasonable electric energy metering under non-linear load is discussed,some type-selection proposals are given as reference for electric energy metering under non-linear load.
Neuroanatomical Alterations in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition, affecting cognition and behavior throughout the life span. With recent advances in neuroimaging techniques and analytical approaches, a considerable effort has been directed toward identifying the neuroanatomical underpinnings of ASD. While grey-matter and white-matter abnormalities have been found throughout cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions of affected individuals, there is currently little consistency across findings, partly due to small sample-sizes and great heterogeneity among participants in previous studies. Here, we report voxel-based morphometry of structural magnetic resonance images in a relatively large sample of high-functioning adults with ASD (n = 66) and matched typically-developing controls (n = 66) drawn from multiple studies. We found decreased grey-matter volume in posterior brain regions, including the posterior hippocampus and cuneus, as well as increased grey-matter volume in frontal brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, superior and interior frontal gyri, and middle temporal gyrus in individuals with ASD. We discuss our results in relation to findings obtained in previous studies, as well as their potential clinical implications.
Investigating Interference with Apoptosis Induction by Bacterial Proteins

The modulation of host cell apoptosis by bacterial pathogens is critical for their intracellular survival. Several intracellular bacteria achieve this by secreting proteins that interact with apoptosis pathways to inhibit host cell apoptosis. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is such bacterium. The protein Ats-1, translocated from A. phagocytophilum by the bacterial type IV secretion system, localizes to host cell mitochondria, and interferes with apoptosis induction. In this chapter, we present a protocol applied to investigate an anti-apoptotic effect of Ats-1.
A correlative radioautographic, fluorescent, and histochemical technique for cytopharmacology.

Using mouse intestine, a model system has been developed in which two target cell loci, biogenic amine-containing enterochromaffin cells and regenerating crypt cells, are used for correlation of drug localization with fluorescence and microscopic structure. The combined procedure described for the cellular localization of drug and fluorophore is based on the use of frozen freeze-dried sections, dry-mounted on dried photographic emulsion, and has general applicability. Tissues need not be subjectected to contact with any solvents until after radioautography, cellular fluorescence, and microspectrophotofluorometry have been completed. The use of freeze-dried frozen sections provides the possibility for localization by immunofluorescence labeling and thus offers the opportunity, by combining radioautographic and fluorescence labeling, to investigate competitive inhibition at the cellular level. Because this technique provides for reversible separation of the tissue from the emulsion for independent treatment, histochemical methods that are potentially destructive for the radioautogram can also be used. The correlative technique described here is rigorously controlled and systematic, and the results are unambiguous.
Institutional repository software platforms at undergraduate libraries in the United States

ABSTRACTFor primarily undergraduate institutions, institutional repositories can become effective tools for communicating and showcasing faculty and student research, facilitating open access initiatives, or supporting new scholarly communication practices. Choosing the right software platform is crucial to the success of a repository initiative. The literature suggests that there are only two or three software platforms heavily used in undergraduate libraries. This article aims to give a landscape of the repository platforms used in sixty-seven undergraduate libraries in the United States in late 2013; it also includes the results of a short survey about current institutional repository software platforms and users/administrators’ satisfaction.
A Study of 1973-74 Eastern Illinois University Applicants Rejected for an Award by the Illinois State Scholarship Commission

In February, 1957, the Higher Education Commission of Illinois proposed a state-wide scholarship plan under the direction of a Scholarship Commission. The State Scholarship Program was originally just that: scholarships for financially needy students who first qualified for eligibility by scoring extremely well on the American College Testing Program examinations. In addition, within three years grants were awarded to the financially needy upperclassmen chosen by their respective colleges to make application. Then again, the Scholarship Program was enlarged in 1967 to permit all undergraduate Illinois residents eligible for admission to an Illinois college to make application regardless of classification or A.C.T. score. The awards have never exceeded the amount of tUItIOn and fees charged at the respective institution and for FY 74, did not exceed $1300. The amount to be awarded has always been "based upon a comprehensive review of the family financial strength and the specific cost of attending the approved Illinois coll~ge or university of the student's choice" according to the Illinois State Scholarship Commission Report of May, 1970.
Verification and Establishment of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Kardinal’ x H. paniculata ‘Brussels Lace’ Interspecific Hybrids

Abstract An interspecific hydrangea breeding project with the goal of producing cold-hardy hydrangeas with brightly colored flowers was initiated in 1997. The objective of the current study was to transfer Hydrangea macrophylla x H. paniculata plants obtained using ovule culture to in vivo conditions and to verify their hybrid nature. Putative hybrids, representing five H. macrophylla x H. paniculata cultivar combinations, were propagated and rooted in vitro. ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ putative hybrids were the only plants that produced roots and survived transfer to the greenhouse. RAPD markers were used to verify hybridity in 13 of these plants, only 5 of which survived. Four of the ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ hybrids were greatly reduced in size and slow-growing, having an average height of only 6.4 cm (2.5 in) 8 months after being removed from in vitro conditions. Height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were approximately six times greater in the remaining ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ ...
Caching for where and what: evidence for a mnemonic strategy in a scatter-hoarder

Scatter-hoarding animals face the task of maximizing retrieval of their scattered food caches while minimizing loss to pilferers. This demand should select for mnemonics, such as chunking, i.e. a hierarchical cognitive representation that is known to improve recall. Spatial chunking, where caches with the same type of content are related to each other in physical location and memory, would be one such mechanism. Here we tested the hypothesis that scatter-hoarding eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) are organizing their caches in spatial patterns consistent with a chunking strategy. We presented 45 individual wild fox squirrels with a series of 16 nuts of four different species, either in runs of four of the same species or 16 nuts offered in a pseudorandom order. Squirrels either collected each nut from a different location or collected all nuts from a single location; we then mapped their subsequent cache distributions using GPS. The chunking hypothesis predicted that squirrels would spatially organize caches by nut species, regardless of presentation order. Our results instead demonstrated that squirrels spatially chunked their caches by nut species but only when caching food that was foraged from a single location. This first demonstration of spatial chunking in a scatter hoarder underscores the cognitive demand of scatter hoarding.
Exploring the Impact of a Documentary Film on Young Consumers' Understanding of Sustainable Apparel Consumption and Behavioral Changes

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a documentary film on undergraduate students' awareness of sustainability and future intention to change their apparel consumption behaviors. Changes of the scale and pattern of apparel consumption and attitudes in favor of sustainable apparel consumption is crucial. Then, how can we find ways to transform unsustainable consumption to sustainable? A documentary film, "The True Cost" (2015), and other activities were utilized because they provide the context of global supply chain of fast fashion and practices. The most crucial theme emerged after watching the film was that several participants appeared to recognize themselves as a change agent in the system addressing some fundamental issues of consumerism. Those participants seemed to become more proactive for a sustainable lifestyle in their life, community, and for their professional careers.
Longitudinal Studies of Drug Use and Abuse

1. Longitudinal Studies of Drug Use and Abuse 178 2. Studies with Broad-Based Models 178 2.1. Social Adaptation Approach 179 2.2. Epidemiologic Approach 179 2.3. Problem Behavior Approach 180 2.4. Personality Approach 180 2.5. Psychopathology Approach 181 3. Recent Theory-Testing Studies 181 3.1. Temperament and Self-Control Models 181 3.2. Social Learning Models 182 3.3. High-Risk Samples 183 3.4. Minority Samples 184 4. Summary and Discussion 186 4.1. Risk Factors 186 4.2. Protective Factors 187 4.3. Models of Predictive Effects 187 4.4. Where Can Research Go from Here? 188 References 188
Development of an Improved Titanate-Based Sorbent for Strontium and Actinide Separations under Strongly Alkaline Conditions

High-level nuclear waste produced from fuel reprocessing operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) requires pretreatment to remove 134,137Cs, 90Sr, and alpha-emitting radionuclides (i.e., actinides) prior to disposal onsite as low level waste. The separation processes at SRS include the sorption of 90Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides onto monosodium titanate (MST) and caustic side solvent extraction of 137Cs. The MST and separated 137Cs is encapsulated along with the sludge fraction of high-level waste (HLW) into a borosilicate glass waste form for eventual entombment at a federal repository. The predominant alpha-emitting radionuclides in the highly alkaline waste solutions include plutonium isotopes 238Pu, 239Pu, and 240Pu; 237Np; and uranium isotopes, 235U and 238U. This article describes recent results evaluating the performance of an improved sodium titanate material that exhibits increased removal kinetics and capacity for 90Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides compared to the current baseline ma...
Further Interpretation of the Wave Function

Consider a quantum-mechanical system with a Hamiltonian that has a discrete spectrum only, with allowed energies, E n , and eigenfunctions, ψ n . In general, the state of this quantum system can be specified by a wave function $$ \Psi (\vec r,t) = \sum\limits_n {{C_n}} {\psi _n}(\vec r),{e^{ - \frac{1}{\hbar }{E_n}t}} $$ (1) describing a system for which the energy is not uniquely specified. If it is a single particle, $$ = 1 = \sum\limits_n {c_n^ * {c_n} + } \sum\limits_{n \ne m} {c_n^ * {c_m} {e^{\frac{1}{\hbar }({E_n} - {E_m})t}}.} $$ (2) Because \( =0 \)for \( n \ne m, \) $$ =\sum\limits_n{|{C_n}}{|^2}, $$ (3) . Similarly, $$ = =\sum\limits_n{|{C_n}}{|^2}{E_n} $$ (4) $$ = =\sum\limits_n{|{C_n}}{|^2}E_n^k $$ (5) . It is natural to interpret \( |{c_n}{|^2} \) as P(E n ), the probability the particle be found in the state with energy E n . Without a coupling of our system to an outside field, that is, without an outside perturbation, these P(E n ) are independent of the time.
A generalization of the fourier transform and applications to quantum field theory

Using a generalization of the usual Fourier transform on Minkowski space we demonstrate an SO0(l, 4) (SO0(3, 2)) equivalence between a massless spin 0 or spin 1/2 particle on de Sitter space (anti-de Sitter space) and corresponding particles of mass \(- \frac{1}{{4R^2 }}\left( {\frac{1}{{4R^2 }}} \right)or - \frac{2}{{R^2 }}\left( {\frac{2}{{R^2 }}} \right)\), respectively. Using these results we consider an interpretation of Feynman's theory of relativistic cut-off as a theory of interaction of matter with massless virtual bosons in de Sitter or anti-de Sitter space. This interpretation leads to some interesting results about the electromagnetic mass differences of hadrons.
Masculinity in Don DeLillo’s White Noise: Mapping the Self, Killing the Other

Over the course of Don DeLillo’s White Noise, Jack Gladney attempts to understand his relation to capitalism as it simultaneously disperses outward over the globe and invades his body and mind. He journeys from modern to postmodern consciousness. Yet the modern male subject, as the novel seems to suggest, does not smoothly evolve nor easily abandon his sense of a centered self. He suffers a crisis of identity. Thus, Jack occupies a paradoxical and disorienting position between modern alienation and postmodern fragmentation, which he seeks to resolve by reinstalling a violent form of masculinity through a revenge plot. His primary response to psychic fragmentation is his botched effort to cultivate what he calls his “imperial self” by killing Willie Mink, the man who cuckolded him. Set within an otherwise meandering narrative, Jack’s violent but failed gesture to secure his identity would provide his life with the order and logic that it appears to lack. By plotting Mink’s murder and finally providing form and direction to the narrative, Jack imposes not merely a revenge plot, but more particularly the patriarchal structure of an erotic triangle upon the previously aimless days of his life. The two males in the erotic triangle comically represent two conflicting versions of identity in their most extreme and ludicrous forms: in one corner, the expansive, imperialistic modern subject and, in the other, the postmodern schizophrenic—meanwhile, Babette, in the third corner, refuses to play the empty female cipher in this male competition. Of course, Jack’s failure to assume authority, take control, and organize events is inevitable. During his showdown with Mink, who is his schizophrenic double, Jack tries to resuscitate in himself a moribund form of masculinity that has little room in postmodern America. Narrated with irony and self-reflexivity, DeLillo’s novel offers no easy resolution to identity crisis.
Extinction dynamics, population growth and seed banks An example using an age-structured annual

The goal of this paper is to test theoretical predictions about the effects of seed banks on population dynamics and extinction rates in variable environments using simulations based on data from a natural population of the winter annual Collinsia verna. In the simulations, we varied the frequency of demographically good and bad years and the autocorrelation between conditions in consecutive years to examine the impact of seed dormancy on population growth rate, extinction rate and time to extinction. The existence of a seed bank enhanced population growth rates under all environmental regimes except when good years were very frequent, but this enhancement was minimal. In addition, the presence of the seed bank decreased the likelihood of extinctions and increased the time to extinction. The time to extinction was longest when the environmental conditions were most unpredictable.
Serial Breakthrough Innovation: The Roles of Separateness, Self-Efficacy, and Idealism

What makes some people spectacularly innovative? Though the existing research in psychology and innovation tells us much about the sources of creativity generally, it falls short in explaining how people like Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Nikola Tesla seem to be so profoundly gifted in generating breakthrough innovations. In this research, I integrate existing research on innovation management and psychology with examples of serial breakthrough innovators to generate a set of arguments about individual characteristics that can increase the likelihood of generating and pursuing breakthrough ideas. I argue that three key characteristics – a sense of separateness, extreme self-efficacy, and idealism – can play interactive roles that enhance both the ability and motivation of an individual to become a serial breakthrough innovator. I illustrate each of these characteristics with stories about (and quotes from) famous serial breakthrough innovators. These characteristics also yield a number of useful implications for nurturing and enabling the breakthrough innovation potential of individuals and organizations more generally.
Effects of pine-oak woodland restoration on breeding bird densities in the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands

Abstract Restoration is underway to restore lost or degraded remnants of savanna and woodland in the Midwestern United States in the hopes of restoring floristic and wildlife diversity. Information is needed on the effects of pine savanna-woodland restoration on bird abundance to inform management decisions. We conducted point-count surveys for 19 bird species across the gradient of savanna, woodland, and forest in restored and non-restored areas throughout the Ozark-Ouachita Highlands in parts of Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma during the 2013–2015 breeding seasons. We estimated densities of 16 species using distance sampling to account for detection probability, and we determined relationships of bird abundance with management and vegetation variables by evaluating support for a priori models. Densities of early-successional and generalist species were positively related, and interior-forest species negatively related, to restoration. Densities of Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla), Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens), Pine Warbler (Setophaga pinus), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus), and Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) were positively related to prescribed fire activity. Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera), Kentucky Warbler (Geothlypis formosa), and Yellow-breasted Chat densities were positively related to tree thinning. Many species had higher densities in areas with less canopy cover, tree density, and forest cover. Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), and Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum) were negatively related to one or more aspects of restoration treatment and generally preferred areas with greater tree density and canopy cover. Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra) were abundant but density was not strongly related to management or vegetation variables. Restoration provided breeding habitat for disturbance-dependent species and woodland generalists, many of which are species of conservation concern, but canopy cover generally remained too great for species that require more open savanna.
Ghost resonance in anisotropic materials: negative refractive index and evanescent field enhancement in lossless media

We show that dielectric waveguides formed by materials with strong optical anisotropy support electromagnetic waves that combine the properties of propagating and evanescent fields. These “ghost waves” are created in tangent bifurcations that “annihilate” pairs of positive- and negative-index modes and represent the optical analogue of the “ghost orbits” in the quantum theory of nonintegrable dynamical systems. Ghost waves can be resonantly coupled to the incident evanescent field, which then grows exponentially through the anisotropic media—as in the case of negative index materials. As ghost waves are supported by transparent dielectric media, the proposed approach to electromagnetic field enhancement is free from the “curse” of material loss that is inherent to conventional negative index composites.
Tailored use of belatacept in adolescent kidney transplantation

Adolescent transplant recipients are at risk for nonadherence, development of de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA), and allograft loss. Belatacept, a selective T cell costimulatory blocker, is associated with reduced dnDSA, improved renal function, and prolonged allograft survival when compared to calcineurin inhibitor-based regimens in adults; however, its use in children is scant. Three adolescents were initiated on belatacept between August 2017 and September 2018 at the time of kidney transplantation. Selection criteria included age ≥ 14 and EBV IgG + serostatus. Intraoperative alemtuzumab and methylprednisolone were given as induction therapy. Tailored maintenance therapy included steroid-free belatacept and sirolimus for two patients. One patient was initially maintained steroid-free on belatacept and belimumab, an inhibitor of B cell activating factor to treat concurrent systemic lupus erythematous; steroids were added subsequently. Renal function, biopsy-proven rejection, dnDSA, allograft survival, infection, nonadherence, and proteinuria were monitored. Renal function was 86, 73, 52 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 20, 20, and 8 months, respectively. There was 100% adherence to therapy and no development of dnDSA. All patients had treatable infections. One developed steroid-responsive acute cellular rejection. Belatacept-based regimens can be tailored for adolescent recipients with good short-term clinical outcomes.