cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Core emission in classical conal double pulsars

A focus on single-pulse methods has identified what appears to be core emission in pulsars B0525+21, B0301+19 and B1133+16. Such core emission has been suspected in several ‘classical’ double conal pulsars; however, previous methods of analysis have restricted our ability to look further into this possibility. While average profiles of pulsars inform about the typical behaviours of these stars, single-pulse observations shed light on the atypical behaviours and weak features of a pulsar's emission. Emission in the ‘intrapulse region’ is not detectable in the average profiles but becomes clear in low-intensity and single-pulse observations. Through a process of suppressing the outer conal emission and averaging non-consecutive pulses that exhibit peaks in a central search region, reliable partial profiles of these putative core features have been obtained. In each case, the widths of the central features squared well with the expected polar cap geometry, further strengthening their identification with core emission components.
IEG Review of 20 World Bank-Funded Projects in Tiger Landscapes

Biodiversity is critical to maintaining the integrity of ecosystems and the ecological processes that support species and human well-being. The world is facing an unprecedented rate of species extinction: one in eight bird species, one in four mammals, and one in three amphibians are threatened. Species can recover with concerted conservation. As a charismatic endangered species, tigers have become a powerful symbol of biodiversity loss globally, as their numbers have dropped from 100,000 at the turn of the 20th century to an estimated 3,000-3,500 tigers in the wild today. The need to protect tigers has taken on great urgency, and international efforts are attempting to pull them back from the edge of extinction. From November 21 to 24, 2010, the Russian Federation hosted leaders from 13 tiger range countries at a conference in St. Petersburg. The goal was inter alia to eliminate illegal trade in tiger parts while protecting tiger habitats and to double the tiger population by 2022. The World Bank has provided strong leadership and support for the initiative. Biodiversity interventions can have potentially large co benefits: biodiversity conservation, climate change stabilization, food and water security, and poverty reduction. The World Bank has been the largest financier for biodiversity, with commitments of more than $2 billion over the last two decades and substantial leveraging of co financing. However, the number of new projects approved that contain biodiversity activities has dropped considerably since the mid-2000s. At present, the Bank is according importance to biodiversity by taking a leading role in strategic partnerships, such as the Global Tiger Initiative (GTI), the Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF), and the Save Our Species (SOS) program. By prioritizing such initiatives, the Bank aims to bring crucial attention and funding to ecosystem and biodiversity conservation. It is also crucial at the same time to integrate conservation in development projects in sectors such as infrastructure and rural development, which can have negative effects on biodiversity without adequate mitigating actions. This review has shown that as important as these targeted biodiversity efforts is the need for the Bank, countries, and partners to strengthen efforts to integrate biodiversity conservation into projects in sectors where they can have negative biodiversity impacts without mitigating actions, such as rural transport, watershed management, or integrated rural development.
Application of Molecular Diagnostics to Cytopathology

Diagnostic molecular testing is now being increasingly applied to cytopathologic specimens such as urines, fi ne-needle aspirations, and bronchial and bile duct brushings, to name a few. Molecular tests using a cytopathologic specimen combine the application of molecular biology techniques, cytomorphology, and principles of the molecular mechanisms of disease for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. As this process continues, the importance of a combined cytomorphological and molecular approach that maintains the diagnostic cytopathologist at the core of the clinical decision-making process is of great value to the patients and cannot be emphasized enough Molecular biology commonly refers to nucleic acid (RNA, DNA) techniques, even though proteins are technically “molecular” level moieties. Although immunoperoxidase staining technology is the indicator for a set of underlying molecular interactions, immunoperoxidase technology is not considered molecular biology. However, many of the targets of the immunohistochemical procedures are proteins derived from aberrant genes including tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulators, oncogenes, and tumor-specifi c cytokine genes. The techniques that are commonly used clinically include polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, in situ PCR, sequencing, and microarray technologies and are now more frequently being employed in the clinical laboratory for diagnostic purposes. Cytopathologic specimens are generally of a smaller size, which may limit the number of target nucleic acids/ proteins present, for molecular analysis. The molecular techniques most commonly utilized in cytopathologic preparations include in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods featuring DNA or RNA amplifi cation Many molecular genetic techniques, new probes and markers, and emerging targets are investigated or under investigations for their potential clinical value in identifying and characterizing malignancies encountered in cytopathologic specimens. In recent years, there has been greater integration of molecular diagnostics into the practice of cytopathology and has already been shown to be essential to better patient care and management. The patient is hence the primary benefi ciary of this evolution in the evolving practice of cytopathology in gynecologic, exfoliative, and fi ne-needle aspiration specimens
Inhibition of B Lymphopoiesis by Adipocytes and IL-1–Producing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

B lymphopoiesis declines with age, and this decline correlates with increased adipose tissue in the bone marrow (BM). Also, adipocyte-derived factors are known to inhibit B lymphopoiesis. Using cocultures of mouse BM cells with OP9 stromal cells, we found that adipocyte-conditioned medium induces the generation of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells, which inhibit B cell development in vitro. Adipocyte-conditioned medium-induced CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells express Arg1 (arginase) and Nos2 (inducible NO synthase) and suppress CD4(+) T cell proliferation, indicating that these cells are myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Blocking arginase and inducible NO synthase did not restore B lymphopoiesis, indicating that inhibition is not mediated by these molecules. Transwell and conditioned-medium experiments showed that MDSCs inhibit B lymphopoiesis via soluble factors, and by cytokine array we identified IL-1 as an important factor. Addition of anti-IL-1 Abs restored B lymphopoiesis in BM cultures containing MDSCs, showing that MDSC inhibition of B lymphopoiesis is mediated by IL-1. By treating hematopoietic precursors with IL-1, we found that multipotent progenitors are targets of IL-1. This study uncovers a novel function for MDSCs to inhibit B lymphopoiesis through IL-1. We suggest that inflammaging contributes to a decline of B lymphopoiesis in aged individuals, and furthermore, that MDSCs and IL-1 provide therapeutic targets for restoration of B lymphopoiesis in aged and obese individuals.
RISK PREFERENCES UNDER PRICE UNCERTAINTIES AND PRODUCTION RISK

This paper deals with estimation of risk preferences of producers when they face uncertainties in output and input prices, in addition to uncertainty in production (usually labeled as production risk). All these uncertainty components are modeled in the context of production theory where the producers maximize expected utility of anticipated profit. Risk preference functions associated with these uncertainties are derived without assuming a specific form of the utility function. Moreover, no distributional assumptions are made on the distributions of the random variables representing price and production uncertainties. A multi-stage estimation procedure is developed to estimate the parameters of the production function and risk preference functions associated with output price uncertainty, input price uncertainty and production risk. Production risk is specified in such a way that one can identify inputs with increasing, decreasing and constant production risks. Similarly, risk aversion behavior is specif...
Relationship of the Extrusion Temperature and the Solubility and Disulfide Bond Distribution of Wheat Proteins

Wheat flour was extruded at die temperatures of 60, 90, 120, and 160 °C. The soluble protein content in the extrudates decreased by 66.7% in the extracting buffer (1% sodium dodecyl sulfate in 50 m...
Quantum continuous Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain

Abstract The energy spectrum of the continuous Heisenberg chain is investigated by using the quantum inverse scattering method. The dispersion laws of the magnons and string configurations are obtained. When the number of magnons in a string is large, the dispersion law approximates the soliton results.
STEROID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS. XI. ELECTROPHORETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CORTICOSTEROID-BINDING PROTEINS IN SERUM OF RAT, MAN AND OTHER SPECIES,

Abstract 1. 1. Equilibrium paper-strip electrophoresis was used to characterize the corticosteroid-binding proteins of several mammalian sera in the presence of 14 C-labeled corticosteroid hormones. The highest specific activity of [4- 14 C]corticosterone and [4- 14 C]cortisol in the serum of rat and rabbit, respectively, was associated with the α 1 -globulin fraction. The α-globulin fraction of bovine and horse serum also showed the highest binding activity for these corticosteroid hormones. It was concluded that the high-affinity corticosteroid-binding proteins in the sera are α-globulins. 2. 2. Continuous-flow paper electrophoresis was applied in order to determine whether one or more than one electrophoretic serum protein component is responsible for the high-affinity binding of different corticosteroids. It was found that the same electrophoretic fraction of human serum had the highest binding affinity for corticosterone, cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol displaced aldosterone from its binding sites. In rat serum, one electrophoretic component was responsible for high-affinity binding of corticosterone and cortisol. Similar results were obtained for rabbit serum. 3. 3. Corticosteroid-binding globulin fractions of rat serum which were free of albumin, bound corticosterone much more firmly than cortisol. The same relative binding was observed in human serum although the difference in binding of the two corticosteroids was small. 4. 4. At low pH values, corticosteroid-binding globulin of rat serum migrated in the electrophoretic field as a pre-albumin.
Anomalous shifting and narrowing of cyclotron resonance lines of two-dimensional electrons

Abstract : The dielectric function derived recently for gamma < 1, where y is the ratio of the field energy to the Fermi energy, is used to evaluate the memory function, width, and shift of the cyclotron resonance lines of two-dimensional electrons. The results are compared with the recent data of Wilson, Allen, and Tsui.
Effects of mechano-electric feedback on scroll wave stability in human ventricular fibrillation.

Recruitment of stretch-activated channels, one of the mechanisms of mechano-electric feedback, has been shown to influence the stability of scroll waves, the waves that underlie reentrant arrhythmias. However, a comprehensive study to examine the effects of recruitment of stretch-activated channels with different reversal potentials and conductances on scroll wave stability has not been undertaken; the mechanisms by which stretch-activated channel opening alters scroll wave stability are also not well understood. The goals of this study were to test the hypothesis that recruitment of stretch-activated channels affects scroll wave stability differently depending on stretch-activated channel reversal potential and channel conductance, and to uncover the relevant mechanisms underlying the observed behaviors. We developed a strongly-coupled model of human ventricular electromechanics that incorporated human ventricular geometry and fiber and sheet orientation reconstructed from MR and diffusion tensor MR images. Since a wide variety of reversal potentials and channel conductances have been reported for stretch-activated channels, two reversal potentials, −60 mV and −10 mV, and a range of channel conductances (0 to 0.07 mS/µF) were implemented. Opening of stretch-activated channels with a reversal potential of −60 mV diminished scroll wave breakup for all values of conductances by flattening heterogeneously the action potential duration restitution curve. Opening of stretch-activated channels with a reversal potential of −10 mV inhibited partially scroll wave breakup at low conductance values (from 0.02 to 0.04 mS/µF) by flattening heterogeneously the conduction velocity restitution relation. For large conductance values (>0.05 mS/µF), recruitment of stretch-activated channels with a reversal potential of −10 mV did not reduce the likelihood of scroll wave breakup because Na channel inactivation in regions of large stretch led to conduction block, which counteracted the increased scroll wave stability due to an overall flatter conduction velocity restitution.
Biological advances for new treatment approaches.

Abstract Objectives: To review malignant cell characteristics, which serve as the basis for the development of molecular, targeted cancer therapies. To provide an introduction and overview of new targeted agents, including monoclonal antibodies, enzyme inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, gene therapy, and vaccines. Data sources: Published scientific papers, review articles, and book chapters. Conclusion: Through new understandings and theories of how cancer cells survive, thrive, and metastasize, researchers have created new targeted therapies for cancer treatment to minimize the harmful systemic effects of traditional therapy. Implications for nursing practice: As with any new therapeutic modality, scientific rationale and mechanism of action must be appreciated by health care staff to build a solid foundation for patient education and to provide astute management of acute and latent effects.
Estrogens in unexpected places: possible implications for researchers and consumers

Estrogenic activity originating in unexpected places was encountered on three occasions during an investigation of whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized estrogens. In each instance, estradiol found in the conditioned yeast culture medium originated from an exogenous source and was not synthesized by the yeast. In the first instance, yeast grown in the laboratory showed a time-dependent increase in estradiol in the conditioned medium. However, the culture medium supplement Bacto-peptone was found to contain large amounts of estrone. When added to yeast cultures in the form of YPD medium (yeast extract, Bacto-peptone, and dextrose), S. cerevisiae converted the estrone to estradiol leading to the accumulation of estradiol over time. In the second instance, commercially purchased S. cerevisiae grown in a molasses medium exhibited substantial amounts of estradiol. However, corn and beet molasses contained sufficient estrone and estradiol to account for the findings. As in the first instance, the yeast converted the estrone into estradiol. In the third instance, autoclaving culture medium in polycarbonate plastic flasks was found to cause an estrogenic substance to be added to the medium, whether yeast were present or not. It was determined that the autoclaving process leached bisphenol-A (BPA) out of the polycarbonate plastic. BPA was shown to bind to estrogen receptors and to induce estrogenic activity, including stimulation of MCF-7 breast cancer-cell proliferation and induction of the expression of progesterone receptors. The three instances highlight potential problems for investigators who might inadvertently add estrogens to experimental systems confounding their results. The BPA findings raise concerns about the possible addition of this estrogenic molecule to the food supply since polycarbonate plastic is used in myriad applications in the packaging of food and beverages. Although we are unaware of the substantial contamination of food products with BPA, we believe this possibility should be carefully investigated.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Harbor Seal Pups from the Inland Waters of Washington State

Blubber and liver samples from eight harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups, found dead at Puget Sound in 1990, have been analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners including mono-ortho and non-ortho coplanar PCBs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p‘-DDE, and mirex. Four of the seals were from Smith Island in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and four were from southern Puget Sound primary at Gertrude Island. The levels of total PCBs, p,p‘-DDE, and mirex are significantly higher in the seal samples from Gertrude Island than those from Smith Island. There was no significant difference in the level of HCB in seal samples between the two locations. PCB profiles were dominated by congeners 138, 153, and 180. The new PCB toxic equivalency factors (TEF) recommended by WHO (1), and the TEF for congener 81 from Harris et al. (2) was used for calculation of the contribution to dioxin-like toxicity from the PCB congeners. PCB congener 126 was the major contributor to PCB toxic equivalents (TEQs), followed by 156. The lev...
Symmetric invariants and cohomology of groups

Some time ago Nakaoka IN] determined the additive structure of H*(Z.,F2). Around the same time, the ring structure of H*(274, F2) was calculated and it was assumed that the same type of simple multiplicative relations would appear for n > 4. Since then, most work has concentrated on the embedding 2;. ~ ,~o, using the polynomial ring structure of H*(Xo~, F2). In particular, most of the recent work in [HI was explicitly or implicitly described in [ M M ] more than a decade ago, and provides no new information on the multiplicative structure of the mod 2 cohomology of finite symmetric groups. In this paper we use invariant theory to detect unexpected multiplicative relations in H*(Z',, F2). The complicated nature of the numerical evidence which we present explains the absence of complete calculations for n > 16. The rings of invariants which we study are at the core of any computation of H*(2;., F2). They build up sucessively, yielding relations rich in symmetry but of a highly convoluted type. The following problem lies at the heart of all this. Let P. be a polynomial ring k over F2 on n variables, and let P..k = (~P"" Then Ek acts by permuting blocks of generators. 1
Views of Specially-trained Child Welfare Social Workers: A Qualitative Study of their Motivations, Perceptions, and Retention

This study explores the similarities and differences between those who choose to remain in public child welfare (stayers) and those who leave (leavers) in a sample of Title IV-E MSW graduates. Inte...
How to be friended and influenced by people — Interview with Terry White, Chief Innovator for Amway Japan

Michael Moon interviews Terry White, Chief Innovator for Amway Japan, on Amway's journey through brand and identity, innovation, analytics, mobile devices and best practices for building global brands through social networking.
The Interplay of Lateral and Tiered Interactions in Stratified Self-Organized Molecular Assemblies

Hybrid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing well-defined strata of different polarity enable insight into how fundamental interactions lead to higher order structure and may provide useful analogies for self-assembled multilayers, new hybrid materials, and functional biological interfaces. We report amide-containing alkanethiol SAMs with internal polar sublayers that are two amide groups thick and nonpolar overlayers comprising either dodecyl or hexadecyl chains. The assemblies have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, and external reflective infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ERS). XPS demonstrates the SAMs are of monolayer thickness, chemisorbed to the gold substrate, and anisotropically oriented. Contact angle data show the methyl surface for n = 16 is highly ordered, but the surface for n = 12 is less well ordered. FTIR-ERS reveals that the alkyl chains for n = 16 are close packed, but that those for n = 12 are disordered. FTIR-ERS also shows that, al...
The Effects of Test-Wiseness Materials on Standardized Test Performance of Preschool Disadvantaged Children.

Abstract Evidence was sought to test the claim that many young children lack the abilities prerequisite to taking standardized tests and, therefore, perform poorly. After identifying a number of prerequisite abilities, curricular materials were designed and implemented in an effort to increase the test-wiseness of children unfamiliar with standardized tests. Children from Head Start classes worked with the materials twice a week for six weeks. The experimental group improved significantly on Total Score and the Matching subtest of the Metropolitan Readiness Test administered immediately after completing the instruction. However, group differences, when measured four months later, were not significant.
Desert fishes: an interdisciplinary approach to endangered species conservation in North America

The habitat degradation and species endangerment that preceded and accompanied the North American environmental movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s found the conservation community ill-prepared. Protective legislation and basic research necessary for structuring recovery efforts did not exist. Desert aquatic communities were among the first to need attention, and an interdisciplinary effort was mounted in an early application of conservation biology. The history and evolution of desert ecosystem preservation are discussed, and case histories are presented that may prove helpful in other parts of the world as habitats are inexorably reduced. The role of the Desert Fishes Council in co-ordinating efforts of research scientists and resource managers to achieve common objectives is emphasized.
Expectations and Experiences: The Voice of a First-Generation First-Year College Student and the Question of Student Persistence.

This single case study takes a phenomenological approach using the voice centered analysis to analyze qualitative interview data so that the voice of this first‐generation college student is brought forward. It is a poignant voice filled with conflicting emotional responses to the desire for college success, for family stability, for meaningful friendships, and for understanding the self. In combination with other research calling for an expansion of the dominant theory of persistence, this research raises the importance of elevating family relationships in the student persistence model.
The energetics of foraging in large mammals: a comparison of marine and terrestrial predators

Abstract The combination of large body size, carnivory and endothermic costs leads to high caloric demands in many mammalian predators. Tactics used to capture prey to meet these demands vary among mammals, and ranges from prolonged tracking to high-speed chases. Furthermore, accessibility to air differs for species that hunt in water or on land. To determine the behavioral and energetic consequences of these different foraging methods and habitats, we measured the energetic cost of hunting, energy acquired from ingested prey, and patterns of energy acquisition in free-ranging Weddell seals (body mass=461 kg) and sea otters (mass=25 kg). The values were then compared to terrestrial predators ranging in mass from 25 to 170 kg. We found that foraging dive duration was 2.4±0.4 min for otters and 16.3±0.6 min for seals, and that dives were interspersed with short to moderate duration rest periods. In contrast, large terrestrial mammals hunted in one to two sessions per day that lasted several hours. The efficiency of an individual hunting event ranged from 3.8 in the sea otter to 10.2 for Weddell seals. This compared to 2.2 for African wild dogs and 3.8 for African lions feeding on ungulates. In general, adaptations for marine living including elevated basal metabolic rates and the dive response represent major influences on hunting efficiency that is further modified by the energetic cost of specific hunting tactics.
QSAR Modeling of Acute Toxicity for Nitrobenzene Derivatives Towards Rats: Comparative Analysis by MLRA and Optimal Descriptors

Quantitative Structure – Activity Relationships (QSAR) have been developed for a set of 28 benzene derivatives.LD 50 oral toxicity of these compounds towards rats has been modeled by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA) based on descriptors generated by DRAGON software and by optimal descriptors approach.Twenty-eight benzene derivatives have been split into training (n ¼ 14) and test (n ¼ 14) sets.In the case of MLRA, a two-variable model has the best predictive potential.Comparison of the quality of MLRA and optimal descriptor models showed that the predictive potential of a onevariable model based on optimal descriptors is better than a two-variable MLRA model.
LCOGT Telescope network capabilities

LCOGT are currently building and deploying a worldwide network of at least fifteen 1-meter and twenty-four 0.4-meter telescopes to three sites in each hemisphere, enabling extended, redundant and optimally continuous coverage of time variable or transient sources. Each site will support two or more 1m telescopes and four or more 0.4m telescopes. All telescope classes provide a full range of optical narrow-band and broad-band UBVRI and ugriZY imaging filters. All telescopes are being equipped with a moving light-bar flatfielding system called Lambert. The 1m network is intended primarily for science observing while the 0.4m network additionally provides educational opportunities to participating schools and institutes. The global network is designed to accommodate multiple science, educational and rapid response capabilities. For LCOGT, the network IS the telescope.
Radar target identification using the learning vector quantization neural network

Summary form only given, as follows. A study is presented of the application of neural network classifiers for identifying aircraft from coherent and noncoherent radar backscatter measurements. The neural network classifier studied is the FSCL-LVQ, a variation of Kohonen's LVQ classifier. This classifier learns in two phases: an unsupervised first phase and a supervised second phase of training. It is shown that the performance of the neural classifier is close to that of the maximum-likelihood and the nearest-neighbor classifiers. The results also indicate that the neural classifier is relatively insensitive to the noise level of the training data and the network architecture. >
Solvent Effects in Molecular Hyperpolarizability Calculations

Molecular geometries, dipole moments, polarizabilities and first-order hyperpolarizabilities for five classic donor−aromatic π system−acceptor NLO chromophores were calculated, using semiempirical methods (PM3), in both vacuum and solvent environments. Solvent effects on the computed molecular geometries were found to be minimal. Dipole moments calculated for the molecules in vacuo showed good agreement with experimental data obtained in nonpolar solvents, but a substantial solvent dependence was observed for molecules modeled in a polar solvent. This dependence was very pronounced in the calculated first-order hyperpolarizabilities, β, where an increase of a factor as great as 6 was observed upon changing from a vacuum to solvent environment. Hyperpolarizabilities calculated for molecules in solvent were found to be in better agreement with experimental EFISH data than those calculated for molecules in vacuo.
A comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of human growth hormone in the therapy of growth hormone deficiency

The sc and im administration of human GH (hGH) was compared in the therapy of GH deficiency. The peak and integrated concentrations of hGH in the plasma of the patients were similar after sc and im injection of an initial dose (0.1 U/kg) of hGH. The peak hGH concentration occurred at 2 h in both groups. The posttreatment height velocity and the change in height velocity at 3-month intervals were also similar in the im and sc groups. The somatomedin generation test resulted in a higher mean peak of somatomedin C after sc injection; however, if the individual peaks of somatomedin C were averaged, there was no difference between sc and im injection. A cross-over at 9 months of therapy to determine patient acceptance of im vs. sc injections indicated overwhelming acceptance of the sc route. The antibody responses to hGH were similar in both groups. We conclude that sc injection of hGH is an effective and safe mode of therapy for GH deficiency. The lipoatrophy that occurred infrequently at the injection site can be eliminated by rotation of sites. Subcutaneous administration of hGH will be more acceptable by the patients with less pain and less noncompliance.
Clinical Significance of Incision Location on Guided Bone Regeneration: Human Study

Background: Membrane exposure has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in guided bone regeneration. This prospective human study examined the effect of incision locations on flap survival and membrane exposure.Methods: Twenty-nine implant-associated buccal dehiscence defects in 25 patients were augmented using particulate mineralized human allograft. Ten sites received a collagen bioabsorbable membrane, 10 sites received acellular dermal matrix, and nine sites were treated with bone graft alone. All implants achieved primary stability and passive flap tension at the time of flap closure. Incision location was measured as the distance from the initial incision line to the mucogingival junction. The same measurements were made at 2 weeks and 1 month to represent the length of the flap that survived. The length of the flap that survived at 2 weeks was compared to the mean width of buccal keratinized gingiva (KG) of adjacent teeth. Other clinical parameters recorded included incidence of early membrane...
913-116 Quantitative Comparison of Planar and SPECT Normal Databases of Thallium-201, Sestamibi, Tetrofosmin and Furifosmin

For quantification of planar and SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging lower limits of normal (LLN) are generated for each specific radiotracer from normal subjects. It is unclear how LLN for TI-201 (TI), Tc-99m-Sestamibi (MB), Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin (TF) and Tc-99m-Furifosmin (FF) compare quantitatively Accordingly we performed quantitative comparison of exercise planar (P) and SPECT (SP) in normal subjects (l 3% likelihood CAD) with TI (P:26, SP:26); MB (P:20, SP:28); TF (P:27, SP:42) and FF (P:12, SP:13). LLN (mean – 2sd) were generated using 36-points circumferential count profiles of P views and SP short axis slices, Comparisons were made by unpaired t-tests of each matched data point of 2 radiotracers, Summed t-values g 2 (p l 0,051 represent a measure for point-to-point significant difference between LLN curves, The higher the value the greater the difference. The figure shows t-values for comparison of various tracers for P and SP: Download : Download high-res image (63KB) Download : Download full-size image LLN of various tracers are significantly different from each other and greater for P than for SP. On P imaging differences between TI and Tc-99m agents were primarily at base and anterior wall, whereas on SP no pattern existed. Differences in P imaging may be due to marked effect of interpolative background subtraction, whereas back projection and filtering produces smaller random SP differences. Thus, LLN of various agents are markedly different for P but less for SP. Radiotracer-specific normal databases should be used for quantification of P and SP myocardial perfusion imaging.
Constraints on new physics from Weinberg's analysis of the neutron electric dipole moment

Abstract Weinberg has observed that a certain dimension six operator can give rise to a large contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment. We give a general formula for the coefficient of this operator, valid in many models, in terms of the quark mass and chromoelectric dipole moment. We point out that the strong constraints obtained from this operator arise due to an unusually large anomalous dimension, which give an enhancement of almost five orders of magnitude. In view of this, we compute the anomalous dimensions of certain other operators which might contribute to d n . These turn out to be small. The calculation also shows that only the top quark is relevant to Weinberg's analysis. Finally, we remark that perturbation theory is probably not reliable for estimating the effects of Weinberg's operator.
Calculation ion-molecule reactions of C+ with O2 and N2

Abstract Cross-sections for mass transfer, molecular and dissociative charge exchange reactions of 3 to 100 eV C+ ions with N2 and O2 have been computed using the statistical phase space model for reactions and compared with experiment. Computed cross-sections for mass transfer channels of reaction are in accord with experimental measurements. The kinetic energy dependences of theoretical and experimental dissociative charge transfer cross-sections are similar, however the absolute magnitudes of statistically computed dissociative cross-sections are significantly larger than those measured in recent investigations. Molecular charge transfer processes forming N2+ and O2+ in these systems are not adequately described by the phase space model above 20 eV but are better represented by a nearest resonance model.
Stress analysis of plane perforated structures by point-wise matching of boundary conditions☆

Abstract Plane-stress solutions are reported for perforated plates with triangular hole patterns under uniform edge loading, hollow hexagons with internal pressure, and a hollow square in uniform shear. Pertinent features are described of a specially developed computer program based on the approximate solution of the biharmonic equation in polar coordinates by the point-matching method. The program is tailored to the solution of two-dimensional elasticity problems that involve solid or perforated structures with boundary conditions in terms of stresses and displacements.
LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION AND THE PHILLIPS CURVE

This paper presents a model of unemployment and wage inflation based on Phillips curves estimated by age-sex-color groups. The model is estimated using data for the period 1949–1967 with projections for the period 1968–1973. The paper concludes that when allowances are made for changes in the age-sex-color composition of the labor force the standard Phillips curve framework is quite capable of explaining the 1968–1973 period without resorting to the notion of a “natural rate of unemployment” or a “long run Phillips curve.”
Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin

Abstract Evidence from sediments in cores collected from within the present oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ; 600–1200 m) on the central and northern California margins record several episodes during the last interstadial (OIS-3, ca. 60-24 ka) of deposition of laminated sediments containing elevated concentrations of several trace elements indicative of anoxic conditions (e.g., Mo, Ni, Zn, and Cu). The presence of abundant well-preserved organic matter, as well as lack of bioturbation and the presence of elevated concentrations of Mo and other trace elements, all support the theory that the OMZ in the northeastern Pacific Ocean was more intense, possibly anoxic, at several times during the late Pleistocene. Sediments of all ages in cores from the southern California margin contain elevated concentrations of Mo, suggesting that this area has always had higher rates of sulfate reduction than either the central or northern California areas. Most of the Ba in sediments in all cores collected on the upper continental slope (200–2700 m) off California and southern Oregon is derived from detrital clastic material, and this source did not change much in time. However, the amount of biogenic Ba did vary with time, and these variations closely follow the temporal variations in organic C (Corg) mass accumulation rate. Using Ba and Corg mass accumulation rates as proxy variables for productivity, all cores show that organic productivity under the California Current upwelling system was highest during OIS-3 and the Holocene, and lowest during the last glacial interval (LGI, ca. 24-10 ka). All paleoproductivity proxy variables indicate that the southern California area has always experienced higher productivity than other areas under the California Current, at least over the last 50 ky.
Incremental risk of the Cox-maze IV procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing mitral valve surgery

Objective More than 50% of atrial fibrillation surgery occurs in the setting of mitral valve surgery. Despite this, no risk models have been validated for concomitant arrhythmia surgery. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the additional risk of performing the Cox-maze IV procedure for patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. Methods From January 2002 to June 2011, 213 patients with mitral valve disease and preoperative atrial fibrillation underwent mitral valve surgery only (n = 109) or in conjunction with a Cox-maze IV procedure (n = 104). The operative mortality for the mitral valve procedure alone was predicted for each group using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons perioperative risk calculator. The risk attributed to the added Cox-maze IV procedure was calculated by comparing the predicted mortality rate of an isolated mitral valve procedure and the actual mortality rate of mitral valve surgery with a concomitant Cox-maze IV procedure. Results For patients not undergoing a Cox-maze IV procedure, the predicted and actual postoperative mortality rate was 5.5% and 4.6% (5 of 109), respectively. For patients receiving mitral valve surgery and a concomitant Cox-maze IV, the predicted and actual postoperative mortality of the mitral valve procedure was 2.5% and 2.9% (3 of 104), respectively, and not significantly different. Patients not offered a Cox-maze IV procedure had significantly more serious comorbidities. Conclusions For patients with atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease undergoing mitral valve surgery, the decision to offer a concomitant Cox-maze IV procedure will be influenced by the underlying comorbid conditions. Nonetheless, in selected lower risk patients, the addition of a Cox-maze IV procedure did not significantly affect the procedural mortality.
Tracing Neural Connections of Human Brain With Selective Silver Impregnation: Observations on Geniculocalcarine, Spinothalamic, and Entorhinal Pathways

• In selected human brains, it is possible to study the efferent connections of a damaged site with the suppressive silver impregnation techniques described by Nauta and Gygax. 1 Autopsy specimens with circumscribed lesions of recent origin (one to five weeks before death) are suitable. However, the large size of the human brain and the lack of perfusion with fixative necessitates modifications in the methodology used on experimental animals. With these modifications, it has been possible to trace details of the spinothalamic tract, the geniculocalcarine pathway, and a projection into the entorhinal area in autopsied human brains. More frequent use of this methodology may substantially increase the information that is currently available on the neuronal connections of the human brain.
Delay and noise estimation of CMOS logic gates driving coupled resistive-capacitive interconnections

Abstract The effect of interconnect coupling capacitance on the transient characteristics of a CMOS logic gate strongly depends upon the signal activity. A transient analysis of CMOS logic gates driving two and three coupled resistive–capacitive interconnect lines is presented in this paper for different signal combinations. Analytical expressions characterizing the output voltage and the propagation delay of a CMOS logic gate are presented for a variety of signal activity conditions. The uncertainty of the effective load capacitance on the propagation delay due to the signal activity is also addressed. It is demonstrated that the effective load capacitance of a CMOS logic gate depends upon the intrinsic load capacitance, the coupling capacitance, the signal activity, and the size of the CMOS logic gates within a capacitively coupled system. Some design strategies are also suggested to reduce the peak noise voltage and the propagation delay caused by the interconnect coupling capacitance.
Barriers to Medical Research Participation as Perceived by Clinical Trial Investigators: Communicating with Rural and African American Communities

Clinical trials help advance public health and medical research on prevention, diagnosis, screening, treatment, and quality of life. Despite the need for access to quality care in medically underserved areas, clinical trial participation remains low among individuals in rural and African American communities. This study assessed clinical trial research in South Carolina's five main academic medical centers, focusing specifically on clinical trial investigators' perceived barriers to recruitment in the general population and in rural and African American communities. Online survey responses (N = 119) revealed that it was most difficult for investigators to recruit from rural areas and that rural residents were least likely to be represented in medical research, behind both the general public and African Americans. Barriers focusing on communication or awareness proved to be the biggest hurdles to finding potential participants in both the general public and rural communities. Psychological barriers to recruitment were perceived to be most prevalent in African American communities. Study findings provide important insights from the perspective of the clinical trial investigator that will aid in the development of effective communication and education strategies for reaching rural and African American residents with information about clinical trials.
That eagle covering me: transitioning and connected autonomy for emerging adults with cystinosis

Background Rare diseases pose transitioning challenges owing to limited provider expertise and changing healthcare systems. The timeframe and developmental changes of emerging adulthood overlap with the transition of patients with cystinosis from pediatric to adult-oriented healthcare.
Unraveling the Link Between Trauma and Delinquency The Mediating Role of Negative Affect and Delinquent Peer Exposure

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of negative affect and delinquent peer exposure on the link between trauma and juvenile delinquency. Using a nationally representative sample of 2,065 males, a secondary data analysis was conducted to test a mediation model based on general strain theory. Mediation analyses revealed that negative affect (i.e., anger) and delinquent peer exposure exerted an intervening influence on the pathway between trauma and delinquency. These findings have important implications for collaboration efforts among the child welfare, social service, mental health, and criminal justice fields. Understanding the multiple pathways that connect trauma to delinquency can help to develop or improve prevention, assessment, and intervention efforts geared toward helping at-risk youth, their families, and their communities.
Effects of pesticides and drugs on working memory in rats: Continuous delayed response

Abstract Effects of four pesticides (carbaryl, propoxur, chlordimeform, and deltamethrin) and four reference drugs (physostigmine, scopolamine, methscopolamine, and chlordiazepoxide) were measured in two delayed response, working memory procedures: go-no go alternation in which rats initiated their own trials, and spatial reversals. Four of these compounds (carbaryl, propoxur, physostigmine, and scopolamine) were also tested in a go-no go alternation procedure in which animals did not initiate their trials. The pesticides and physostigmine did not selectively affect working memory in any of the procedures: low doses only moderately decreased response accuracy, whereas higher doses suppressed responding indiscriminately. The pesticides and physostigmine had similar effects on go-no go alternation (i.e., working memory) and analogous go-no go discrimination performance. Effects on go-no go alternation performance did not depend on whether the animals intiiated their own trials. Scopolamine, in contrast, appeared to disrupt working memory. It profoundly disrupted accuracy at doses that only moderately decreased over-all responding and impaired go-no go alternation accuracy much more than discrimination accuracy.
The Extractability of Serum Lipids in Normal Subjects, Coronary Disease, Hyperlipemia, and Hypercholesteremia

The lipid extraction of fasting serum samples was studied with various alcohol-ether solutions. The release of cholesterol and esterified fatty acids from the serum lipoproteins was found to be significantly different in the various disease states studied as compared to the normal subject. The fraction of lipid release from fasting serum was not related to the total level of the cholesterol or esterified fatty acids in normal subjects, coronary artery disease, and hypercholesteremia.
NMR detection with an atomic magnetometer.

We demonstrate detection of NMR signals using a noncryogenic atomic magnetometer and describe several novel applications of this technique. A nuclear spin-precession signal from water is detected using a spin-exchange-relaxation-free potassium magnetometer. We also demonstrate detection of less than ${10}^{13}$ $^{129}\mathrm{X}\mathrm{e}$ atoms whose NMR signal is enhanced by a factor of 540 due to Fermi-contact interaction with K atoms. The possibility of using a multichannel atomic magnetometer for fast 3D magnetic resonance imaging is also discussed.
The Effects of Instructional Control, Cognitive Style, and Prior Knowledge on Learning of Computer-Assisted Instruction

Computer-based instruction (CBI) is the powerful tool to teach arithmetic skills for elementary school students. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on achievement of instructional control strategies (program control, learner control, and learner control with advisement) and cognitive style (field independence and field dependence) in computer-based instruction. Also, this study attempts to find an optimal type of instructional control strategy based upon students' achievement and learning time. Subjects were eighty-six Dongsung Elementary School students in Pusan, Korea. The possible interactive effects between cognitive style and instructional control strategy on CBI were analyzed. Differences in achievement and time spent on the lessons were compared. A significant interaction effect was found between types of instructional control strategies and types of cognitive styles on and students achievement scores and time-on-task.