cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopically Assisted Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement Is not Cost-Effective nor Preventive for Distal Shunt Malfunction.

Background Laparoscopy for ventriculoperitoneal shunt creation might offer smaller incisions and more reliable placement. We assessed the reliability and cost-effectiveness of this technique compared with mini-laparotomy shunt placement. Methods All patients undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunt creation between November 2013 and September 2017 at a single academic institution were evaluated. Individual cases were assessed for the use of laparoscopy for peritoneal shunt placement (laparoscopy) versus mini-laparotomy for peritoneal shunt placement (open). The direct hospital costs for the laparoscopy and open groups were compared for elective shunt placement from the Vizient database. These direct costs were the proportion of the admission cost attributed to surgery. The primary endpoints included costs and revision of the peritoneal catheter within 12 months of the index procedure. Results A total of 68 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most cases (n = 40; 58.8%) had been performed with laparoscopy, with 28 performed using an open peritoneal approach. Three patients had required ≥1 distal shunt revision: 2 laparoscopy patients (5.0%; 1 had required a second revision) and 1 open patient (3.6%). No statistically significant differences were found for the patients requiring distal shunt revision between the 2 groups (P = 1.000; Fisher's exact test). The direct cost ($9461) of ventriculoperitoneal shunt creation with laparoscopy was greater than that with an open approach ($8247; P = 0.033). Conclusions Both laparoscopy and open peritoneal shunt creation are safe procedures, with a 12-month distal revision rate in the present series of ~4%. Laparoscopy provided no relative improvement in safety or complication avoidance but had resulted in a mean increase in costs of >$1200 per patient.
Unifying Theorems for Subspace Identification and Dynamic Mode Decomposition

This paper presents unifying results for subspace identification (SID) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for autonomous dynamical systems. We observe that SID seeks to solve an optimization problem to estimate an extended observability matrix and a state sequence that minimizes the prediction error for the state-space model. Moreover, we observe that DMD seeks to solve a rank-constrained matrix regression problem that minimizes the prediction error of an extended autoregressive model. We prove that existence conditions for perfect (error-free) state-space and low-rank extended autoregressive models are equivalent and that the SID and DMD optimization problems are equivalent. We exploit these results to propose a SID-DMD algorithm that delivers a provably optimal model and that is easy to implement. We demonstrate our developments using a case study that aims to build dynamical models directly from video data.
An aesthetic of resistance: Beauty and power in northern Mesopotamia

Abstract This article analyzes the role of the popular production and use of decorated ceramics in apparent episodes of resistance to and the ultimate collapse of central authority over the course of the seventh to fourth millennium BCE in northern Mesopotamia. In order to accomplish this goal, criteria for identifying and evaluating episodes of large-scale resistance in the archaeological record are presented. This presentation is followed by a description of three possible episodes of this nature, sensitive to the production, use, and discard of decorated ceramics within these episodes. These episodes are set within the context of broader regional trends concerning aesthetic elaboration in multiple media and contemporaneous techniques of production, administration, and control. The evidence presented supports the conclusion that independent small-scale production and consumption of decorated ceramics enabled the creation of coalitions of commoners that ultimately had the power to destabilize centralized coercive administrative regimes.
A Sensor Array for the Nanomolar Detection of Azo Dyes in Water.

Azo dyes are ubiquitous pollutants that contaminate water supplies and threaten human, biota, and ecosystem health. Their detection and discrimination are a considerable challenge owing to the nume...
A Fast Lax–Hopf Algorithm to Solve the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards Traffic Flow Model on Networks

Efficient and exact algorithms are important for performing fast and accurate traffic network simulations with macroscopic traffic models. In this paper, we extend the semianalytical Lax–Hopf algor...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in Intercollegiate Athletics Not Fully Mitigated With Daily Antigen Testing.

BACKGROUND: High-frequency, rapid-turnaround SARS-CoV-2 testing continues to be proposed as a way of efficiently identifying and mitigating transmission in congregate settings. However, two SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occurred among intercollegiate university athletic programs during the fall 2020 semester despite mandatory directly observed daily antigen testing. METHODS: During the fall 2020 semester, athletes and staff in both programs were tested daily using Quidel's Sofia SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA), with positive antigen results requiring confirmatory testing with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We used genomic sequencing to investigate transmission dynamics in these two outbreaks. RESULTS: In Outbreak 1, 32 confirmed cases occurred within a university athletics program after the index patient attended a meeting while infectious despite a negative antigen test on the day of the meeting. Among isolates sequenced from Outbreak 1, 24 (92%) of 26 were closely related, suggesting sustained transmission following an initial introduction event. In Outbreak 2, 12 confirmed cases occurred among athletes from two university programs that faced each other in an athletic competition despite receiving negative antigen test results on the day of the competition. Sequences from both teams were closely related and distinct from viruses circulating in Team 1's community, suggesting transmission during intercollegiate competition in Team 2's community. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that antigen testing alone, even when mandated and directly observed, may not be sufficient as an intervention to prevent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in congregate settings, and highlight the importance of supplementing serial antigen testing with appropriate mitigation strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in congregate settings.
Review of "The science of communicating science by Craig Cormick," Cormick, C. (2019). The science of communicating science. CSIRO publishing

The Science of Communicating Science by Dr. Craig Cormick is a lively introduction to the foundational principles of science communications, particularly those oriented towards the public. Dr. Crai...
Recent developments in the characterization of nucleic acid hybridization kinetics.

Abstract Hybridization of nucleic acids (NAs) is a fundamental molecular mechanism that drives many cellular processes and enables new biotechnologies as well as therapeutics. However, existing methods that measure hybridization kinetics of NAs are either performed at the ensemble level or constrained to non-native physiological conditions. Recent advances in three-dimensional single-molecule tracking techniques break these limitations by allowing multiple annealing and melting events to be observed on a single oligonucleotide freely diffusing inside a live mammalian cell. This review provides an overview of diverse approaches to measuring NA hybridization kinetics at the single-molecule level and in live cells, and concludes with a synopsis of unresolved challenges and opportunities in the live-cell hybridization kinetics measurements. Important discoveries made by NA kinetics measurements and biotechnologies that can be improved with a deeper understanding of hybridization kinetics are also described.
Firms’ environmental performance and the COVID-19 crisis

Abstract The shutdown in economic activity due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis has resulted in a short-term decline in global carbon emissions, but the long-term impact of the pandemic on the transition to a low-carbon economy is uncertain. Looking at previous episodes of financial and economic stress to draw implications for the current crisis, we find that tighter financial constraints and adverse economic conditions are generally detrimental to firms’ environmental performance, reducing green investments. The COVID-19 crisis could thus potentially slow down the transition to a low-carbon economy. These findings underline the importance of climate policies and green recovery packages to boost green investment and support the energy transition.
Logistics for a fleet of drones for medical item delivery: A case study for Louisville, KY

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, commonly referred to as drones, have been widely acknowledged as a promising technology for the delivery of medical and aid packages in humanitarian and healthcare logistics. In this study, we develop an optimization model to optimize the logistics for a fleet of drones for timely delivery of medical items (e.g., medicines, test kits, and vaccines) to hard-to-access locations (i.e., rural and suburban areas). We propose a novel timeslot formulation that schedules and sequences a set of trips to serve several demand locations. On each trip, a drone starts from an urban provider, visits one or more charging platforms (if required), serves a clinic in rural or suburban areas, and returns to the corresponding provider. The problem consists of selecting locations for charging stations, assigning clinics to providers, and scheduling and sequencing the trips such that the total completion time to serve all demand points is minimized. To improve the computational efficiency of the solution method, we use a preprocessing procedure to reduce the solution space by eliminating the dominated trips from the pool of trips. A set of numerical experiments is performed on simulated instances and on a case study in Louisville, KY. The results unveil interesting insights into the logistics of the proposed drone delivery system.
Redistricting in the 2000s—The Battle Over Race Continues

In the period of 2000–2010, North Carolina redistricting controversies continued to center on racial gerrymandering claims. While the 1990 litigation ended in 2000 over race and redistricting, litigation efforts shifted from federal to state court action and an important case regarding state constitutional requirements for North Carolina redistricting. The decade ended with a North Carolina racial redistricting decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that demarked a bright-line for the use of race in drawing districts.
Asymptotic solution and effective Hamiltonian of a Hamilton–Jacobi equation in the modeling of traffic flow on a homogeneous signalized road

In this paper, we study the large time behavior of solutions to a 1-d time-dependent Hamilton–Jacobi equation which models the traffic flow on a ring road with a traffic signal. The existence and precise properties of the long time average of the flux (effective Hamiltonian) have been obtained. We also prove that the car density and flux eventually exhibit a periodic pattern in time. Its minimum period is the same as the cycle length when the cycle length is large, and might be an integer multiple (≥2) of the cycle length when the cycle length is small.
Validity of the Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder Subscale of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II.

This study was designed to establish the empirical validity of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II (DASH-II) to screen for the presence of autism in severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults. Participants included 51 individuals residing in a large developmental center in Central Louisiana. The Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder subscale of the DASH-II was internally consistent. Additionally, the DASH-II was just as likely as the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to classify autistic and control individuals. Specific items on the subscale were examined to identify those items most associated with a diagnosis of autism.
Representation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Conventional and Augmented Decision Tables

Objective: To develop a knowledge representation model for clinical practice guidelines that is linguistically adequate, comprehensible, reusable, and maintainable. Design: Decision tables provide the basic framework for the proposed knowledge representation model. Guideline logic is represented as rules in conventional decision tables. These tables are augmented by layers where collateral information is recorded in slots beneath the logic. Results: Decision tables organize rules into cohesive rule sets wherein complex logic is clarified. Decision table rule sets may be verified to assure completeness and consistency. Optimization and display of rule sets as sequential decision trees may enhance the comprehensibility of the logic. The modularity of the rule formats may facilitate maintenance. The augmentation layers provide links to descriptive language, information sources, decision variable characteristics, costs and expected values of policies, and evidence sources and quality. Conclusion: Augmented decision tables can serve as a unifying knowledge representation for developers and implementers of clinical practice guidelines.
Exciton states in InGaN nano-disks in GaN nanowires revealed using nonlinear laser spectroscopy

Linear and coherent non-linear resonant high resolution laser spectroscopy was used to characterize In 0.54 Ga 0.46 N disks in nanowires. Nonlinear optical spectroscopy and PLE reveal narrow excitonic resonances and evidence of coupling between separate excited states.
Hypertension and drinking water: A pilot statewide ecological study in Colorado☆

Abstract On Colorado's eastern plains a region of relatively high hypertension risk became manifest by about 1960, suggested by mortality statistics and corroborated by independent morbidity data. Looking for changing environmental factors to associate with the changing pattern of hypertension risk, the results of a statewide study of municipal water supply constituents were analyzed. Schroeder's inverse correlation between water hardness and hypertension mortality could not be confirmed in Colorado. The hypertension mortality rate actually tended to be higher in regions with harder water where the use of cation-exchange water-softening equipment continues to proliferate and to augment sodium intake. However, nitrate concentration was the water constituent most strongly associated with the hypertension risk pattern in Colorado. Since the organic nitrates have been shown to be associated with increased risk of diastolic hypertension among explosives workers, there is reason to suspect a causative relationship between high nitrate levels in water supplies and Colorado's emergent geographic pattern of hypertension risk.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF KMnF$sub 3$. II. WEAK FERROMAGNETISM

The static magnetic properties of single-crystal KMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ have been studied by magnetic torsion measurements. These measurements are consistent with a transition to uniaxial antiferromagnetism below 88.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Below 81.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the magnetic behavior is complex with the development of hysteresis and discontinuities in the torsion. Further, the torsion increases linearly with magnetic field in this range. These observations suggest the development of weak ferromagnetism in this crystal below 81.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. From a comparison of the direction of the weak moment and the known distortions in the crystal structure it is concluded that the weak moment results from a canting of the magnetic sublattices because of differences in the sublattice anisotropy. Between 81.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 88.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} a moment appears only in strong magnetic fields. It is shown that the moment is developed in a field because of the increased parallel susceptibility of a canted antiferromagnet. The canting transition is interpreted as a first order transition of the Jahn-Teller type. The antiferromagnetic transition itself is associated with a change in lattice parameter and is interpreted as an exchange-controlled first-order transition.
8 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics: Continuity and Expanding Frontiers

Publisher Summary In chemical engineering, the primary use of thermodynamics is concerned with application of the first law (conservation equations), in particular, with energy balances that constitute an essential cornerstone of our discipline. Semiempirical thermodynamic methods are important for emerging technology beyond the contemporary chemical engineering. This chapter illustrates a schematic representation of an extraction process for separating a dilute aqueous mixture of biomolecules downstream from a biochemical reactor. This extraction process is well known in biotechnology, but, at present, process design is essentially by trial and error because little is known about the fundamental thermodynamics of two-phase aqueous systems containing water-soluble polymers, salts, and biomolecules, which may be electrically charged, depending on pH. To provide a basis for rational design, a semiempirical correlation is helpful.
Short circuit fault emulation by shunt connected voltage source converter

Short circuit fault emulation is an important capability for power converter based grid emulator. This paper proposes to use a shunt connected voltage source converter to emulate short circuit faults, including single-line-to-ground, double-line-to-ground, line-to-line, and three-phase faults. The operating principle and hardware requirements are discussed first, and control strategies for each type of fault are presented. Simulation and experiments are performed to demonstrate the performances of the fault emulator under various circumstances and validate the effectiveness.
Manikin Versus Web-Based Simulation for Advanced Practice Nursing Students

Abstract Background Advanced practice nurses (APNs), such as Acute Care Nurse Practitioners and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, work in complex settings. Our aim was to compare Acute Care Nurse Practitioner and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist students' level of knowledge, attitude, and skills related to managing acutely ill patients between those participating in manikin versus Web simulation. Methods A quasi-experimental pre–post test convenience sample design was used. Graduate nursing students were randomized to manikin or Web-based training. Competency was measured by self-assessment and scored by objective evaluators. Results Manikin group scored greater than Web group in post-training observed performance mean scores, 70% versus 63%, p = .02. The manikin group had significantly improved scores on self-assessment of their practice ability after training (47% vs. 75%, p = .001). Conclusions These results support the role of simulation as a successful application of technology to educate advanced practice nurses.
Diethanolamine-induced alteration of hepatic mitochondrial function and structure☆

Abstract Diethanolamine (DEA) has been shown to interfere with phospholipid metabolism. It was hypothesized that DEA may alter membrane-bound biochemical processes which are dependent upon phospholipids. DEA was investigated for its effect on hepatic mitochondrial function and structure in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. DEA did not produce mitochondrial alterations in in vitro preparations from liver tissue. Similarly, acute treatment in vivo was without effect. However, a loss of mitochondrial integrity developed after subacute administration of DEA. Rats were given 0.25 (42 mg/kg/day), 1.0 (160 mg/kg/day), or 3.0 (490 mg/kg/day) mg/ml in their drinking water for varying periods up to 5 weeks. The effects on mitochondria were dose- and time dependent. Significant alterations appeared after 3 days at 3.0 mg/ml and after 1 week at 1.0 mg/ml. Mitochondrial State 4 activity was significantly elevated at all three dose levels following 2 weeks of DEA treatment. Concomitantly, an increase was noted in the Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity from rats treated with DEA at 2.0 mg/ml for 3 weeks. Electron micrographs indicated that treated animals had swollen hepatic mitochondria. The changes in the organelle may be related to alteration of phospholipid metabolism by DEA.
Fine-structure constant for gravitational and scalar interactions

Starting from the coupling of a relativistic quantum particle to the curved Schwarzschild space time, we show that the Dirac-Schwarzschild problem has bound states and calculate their energies including relativistic corrections. Relativistic effects are shown to be suppressed by the gravitational fine-structure constant ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{G}=G\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{m}_{1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{m}_{2}/(\ensuremath{\hbar}c)$, where $G$ is Newton's gravitational constant, $c$ is the speed of light, and ${m}_{1}$ and ${m}_{2}\ensuremath{\gg}{m}_{1}$ are the masses of the two particles. The kinetic corrections due to space-time curvature are shown to lift the familiar $(n,j)$ degeneracy of the energy levels of the hydrogen atom. We supplement the discussion by a consideration of an attractive scalar potential, which, in the fully relativistic Dirac formalism, modifies the mass of the particle according to the replacement $m\ensuremath{\rightarrow}m(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\lambda}/r)$, where $r$ is the radial coordinate. We conclude with a few comments regarding the $(n,j)$ degeneracy of the energy levels, where $n$ is the principal quantum number, and $j$ is the total angular momentum, and illustrate the calculations by way of a numerical example.
Innate immunity in the vagina (Part II): Anti-HIV activity and antiviral content of human vaginal secretions.

Problem Whether the concentrations of antiviral proteins, and anti-HIV activity, within human vaginal secretions change across the menstrual cycle is unknown. Method of study Using a menstrual cup, vaginal secretions from pre-menopausal women were recovered at the proliferative (d6–8), mid-cycle (d13–15), and secretory (d21–23) stages of the menstrual cycle. Antiviral protein concentration was determined by ELISA, and anti-HIV activity assessed using the TZM-bl reporter cell line. Results CCL20, RANTES, elafin, HBD2, SDF-1α, and IL-8 levels were detectable in the secretions. Vaginal secretions had anti-HIV activity against specific clade B strains of HIV, with significant inhibition of IIIB and increased infectivity of transmitted/founder CH077.t. No significant differences in either antiviral protein concentration or anti-HIV activity with respect to menstrual cycle stage were measured, but marked differences were observed in both parameters over the course of the cycle between different women and in consecutive cycles from the same woman. Conclusion The vagina contains a complement of antiviral proteins. The variation in anti-HIV activity demonstrates that immune protection in the vagina is not constant. Intra- and interindividual variations suggest that factors in addition to sex hormones influence antiviral protection. Lastly, the menstrual cup is a new model for recovering undiluted vaginal secretions from women throughout their reproductive life.
Osteoplastic flap with and without fat obliteration

Open surgery for the frontal sinus is greatly diminishing with advances in endoscopic techniques and tools. However, open surgery is still indicated in several instances, recalcitrant frontal sinusitis in high risk patients, osteomas, and soft tissue tumors of the frontal sinus. The rate of complications is low. Mucocele formation and forehead paresthesia are the most common; each less than 10%. Osteoplastic flaps with and without fat obliteration may have limited indications, but it can be very useful in the right patient.
Review of "The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2 by A. Barr & E. A. Feigenbaum, eds., Volume 3 by P. R. Cohen & E. A. Feigenbaum, eds.".

The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Volumes 2 and 3, continue the work started in Volume 1 (see review in SIGART #81, July 1982). Volume 2 primarily covers applications oriented work (expert systems) with chapters on programming languages and automatic programming. Volume 3 contains a long chapter on vision and shorter chapters on learning, theorem proving, planning and models of cognition.
Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of preemptively used epidural ketamine and neostigmine

Abstract Study Objective: To compare the analgesic and side effects of preemptively used epidural ketamine +bupivacaine, neostigmine +bupivacaine, and bupivacaine alone on postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Design: Randomized, controlled study. Setting: Inpatient anesthesia at the department of surgery of a metropolitan hospital. Patients: 30 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Interventions: Group K received 1 mL (50 mg) ketamine and 5 mL (25 mg) bupivacaine epidurally, Group N received 1 mL (0.5 mg) neostigmine and 5 mL (25 mg) bupivacaine epidurally, and Group B received 1 mL saline and 5 mL (25 mg) bupivacaine epidurally 30 minutes before operation. All patients underwent anesthesia induction with thiopental and vecuronium; anesthesia was maintained with isoflorane and vecuronium. For postoperative analgesia, all patients received epidural morphine for 48 hours postoperatively. Measurements and Main Results: Standard monitoring included: 48 hours of analgesic requirement, visual analog scale (VAS), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) in the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours. Data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests, with a p Conclusions: Preemptive neostigmine can be a good choice for postoperative analgesia.
The great arc of progress toward total justice

Lawyers and the legal profession have gotten a bad press lately. Popular jokes sum up the mood: Q. "Why are scientists now using lawyers instead of rats for laboratory experiments?" A. "Because lawyers are more plentiful than rats, lawyers will do anything you ask, and nobody complains." The variations are endless, and the audience response gleeful. Lawrence Friedman's book Total Justice is an at tempt by a legal t'dstorian to burst the popular misconceptions of the causes and consequences of the taw explosion that has generated so much media outcry. It is not the fault of lawyers, he writes. The legal system has simply responded to popular expectat ions of just t reatment and resulting demands for a legal response. Friedman's hypothesis is simply stated:
"Real-time in-situ Rheology of Alginate Hydrogel Photocrosslinking."

The reaction dynamics of biodegradable, photocrosslinkable sodium alginate hydrogels are studied by in situ, dynamic rheology. Alginate, chemically-modified with methacrylate groups, crosslinks by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure in the presence of a photoinitiator. The gel formation is monitored during UV irradiation from a light emitting diode (LED) bottom plate fixture on the rheometer. Material properties of the hydrogels, including gel points and relaxation exponent, are evaluated using the Winter-Chambon criteria. We also report a new, complementary empirical method for determining the gel point from the reduction in sample strain at the onset of gelation, via monitoring the strain curve. In addition, the crosslinking dynamics and hydrogel moduli are altered by changing the UV irradiation intensities (3–15 mW cm−2) and degree of methacrylation (5–25%). Dynamic rheological measurements of hydrogels as described in this paper are a potentially powerful tool to elucidate the dynamics of gelation and predict mechanical properties. This technique may aid in the design of polymer formulations with light-reactive chemical species, which have tunable properties that can be matched to a range of applications, including regenerative medicine.
Narrative as snapshot: Glimpses into the past in Alzheimer’s discourse

Sociolinguists and discursive psychologists interested in the construction of identity in discourse have focused their attention on how people recount their life events, arguing that narrative choices can reveal much about how narrators see themselves and how they wish to be seen by those listening to their stories. What happens, though, when severe memory loss interferes with this process? In this article, I examine the intersection of narrative, identity and memory by revisiting five (total of 2 hours and 39 minutes) tape-recorded conversations I had over 4½ years with a woman, Elsie, in her 80s at the moderately severe stage of Alzheimer’s disease (Hamilton, 1994). Focusing on a set of 204 clauses spoken by Elsie that contain past references within these conversations, I differentiate those clauses that are part of conversational narratives (56 or 27%) from independent clauses I term ‘narrative traces’ (148 or 73%). I then identify and examine in greater detail the linguistic construction of the storyworld within fifteen short narratives comprising the 56 narrative clauses. Special attention is given to nominal, verbal, spatial and temporal reference. I identify problems in orientation that have consequences for the coherence of the narrative as a text, as well as for the discursive construction of the narrator’s identity. I close with thoughts about how identity construction can be understood in the (near) absence of coherent reconstructions of the past. Possible useful approaches include Bakhtin’s (1981) notion of word “flavors,” Agha’s (2005) work on enregistered voices, and discourse strategies anchored in the interactional here-and-now, such as “small” talk and politeness work (Brown & Levinson, 1987).
Multiple Relationship-Management Roles Among Communicators in Not-For-Profit Organizations

This qualitative study explores communication strategies and the multiple roles of 13 communicators at the agency and in nonprofit sector. Interview data were grouped into six themes with three factors: antecedent factors of organizational behaviors, contextual factors of the environment, and convergent factors that determine internal and external communication strategies. The communicators attended to internal and external dimensions of their roles when working on interpersonal strategies that fall into the areas of balancing their multiple roles to establish public relationships. Resolving conflicts created by these roles is an area for nonprofit leaders to consider in future staff training.
Searching through cyberspace: the effects of link cues and correspondence on information retrieval from hypertext on the World Wide Web

The effects of link cues and link correspondence on search performance were investigated using a core hypertext document with external links to other resources on the World Wide Web. Although subjects were to search for information in the core document, cues indicating links were to resources outside the search space did not affect performance. Subjects were not explicitly told the meaning of the cues and the duration of the search tasks was not sufficient for subjects to surmise their meaning. Correspondence of wording in search tasks to wording in links positively affected search efficiency, but not search accuracy. The implications of this finding and the need for further research are discussed.
Interactive machine learning

Perceptual user interfaces (PUIs) are an important part of ubiquitous computing. Creating such interfaces is difficult because of the image and signal processing knowledge required for creating classifiers. We propose an interactive machine-learning (IML) model that allows users to train, classify/view and correct the classifications. The concept and implementation details of IML are discussed and contrasted with classical machine learning models. Evaluations of two algorithms are also presented. We also briefly describe Image Processing with Crayons (Crayons), which is a tool for creating new camera-based interfaces using a simple painting metaphor. The Crayons tool embodies our notions of interactive machine learning
Abstract A254: Systemic injection of human neural stem cells expressing anti-cancer agent targets invasive gliomas and induces tumor regression in combination with a cardiac glycoside.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant form of brain tumors in human. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regarded as an anticancer agent, however, a considerable number of tumor types, including GBM, are resistant to TRAIL. Also, TRAIL therapeutic use in vivo is limited by a short half-life in plasma due to a rapid clearance by the kidney and a poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier. The tumor-tropic properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) could serve as a novel strategy to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors in the brain. Furthermore, we have previously reported that the cardiac glycoside lanatoside C sensitizes GBM cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, we engineered human neural stem cell to synthesize and secrete an active form of TRAIL (NSC-sTRAIL) as well as the secreted Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) as a blood marker for cell proliferation. We showed that these cells selectively migrate toward GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) in a transwell assay. However, GSCs’ growth was only decreased by 11.6%. When this co-culture was treated with lanatoside C, GSCs’ growth was inhibited by 81.5% in a caspase-mediated manner. We then tested this combined therapy in an invasive orthotopic model using primary GSC neurospheres expressing firefly luciferase. Upon systemic injection, Gluc blood assay showed that at the next day at least 30% of NSC-sTRAIL, and after 5 weeks up to 0.5% of these cells survived. Histological analysis showed that the NSC-sTRAIL cells crossed the blood-brain barrier and migrated toward invasive GSC tumors. Bioluminescence imaging showed that tumors in mice treated with NSC-sTRAIL cells in combination with lanatoside C resulted in significant tumor regression and mouse survival elongation as compared to single therapy. Taken together, this study demonstrated that systemic injection of neural stem cells targets invasive brain tumors and could be used to deliver an anticancer agent such as sTRAIL which yields significant tumor regression when used in combination with lanatoside C. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A254. Citation Format: Jian Teng, Seyedali Hejazi, Christian E. Badr, Bakhos A. Tannous. Systemic injection of human neural stem cells expressing anti-cancer agent targets invasive gliomas and induces tumor regression in combination with a cardiac glycoside. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A254.
Shape-selected colloidal MOF crystals for aqueous use.

Methods are described to synthesize shape-selectable, monodisperse, aqueous-stable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by the reaction of aluminium nitrate with benzene tricarboxylic acid in various aqueous solvent mixtures and acetic acid as the capping ligand. Environmental stability was confirmed by thermal analysis and immersion in aqueous acidic media.
Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Permissive Hypercapnia

Experimental and clinical data indicate that ventilator strategies with permissive hypercapnia may reduce lung injury by a variety of mechanisms. Seven randomized controlled trials in preterm neonates suggest that permissive hypercapnia started early, before the initiation of mechanical ventilation (in conjunction with continuous positive airway pressure), followed by prolonged permissive hypercapnia if mechanical ventilation is needed is an alternative to early ventilation and surfactant. Permissive hypercapnia may improve pulmonary outcomes and survival.
Impacts of Steel Mill Slag Leachate on the Water Quality of a Small Pennsylvania Stream

ABSTRACT Leachate from a 20 million ton steel mill slag dump significantly influenced the chemistry of a small western Pennsylvania stream, Nine Mile Run. Alkalinity, acidity, pH, calcium, and magnesium were significantly altered by the alkaline leachate that seeped from the toe of the 95 hectare slag dump. These leachates increased the mean pH of the receiving stream from 7.7 to 9.3, and the maximum pH measured was 11.1. Alkalinity decreased, and Ca++ and Mg++ came out of solution forming carbonate flowstone-like layers over the streambed.
Voltage-induced anomalous excitonic photoluminescence from a single heterojunction quantum well

Abstract Excitons which coexist with a degenerate two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the same quantum well subband have been observed in the photoluminescence (PL) from the recombination of electrons with localized photoexcited holes. We observe a strong decrease in the exciton PL intensity and the concomitant appearance of another peak around 2 meV lower than the exciton energy when the 2DEG density ≈1.9×10 11 cm −2 . Over a small range of excitation intensity with the 2DEG density ≈1.9×10 11 cm −2 , we observe anomalous changes in the PL spectra which are very sensitive to an applied gate voltage and suggest that the lower energy peak can be attributed to biexcitons which have undergone a phase transition into an ordered collective phase.
Automatic generation of bus functional models from transaction level models

This paper presents methodology and algorithms for generating bus functional models from transaction level models in system level design. Tkansaction level models are often used by designers for prototyping the bus functional architecture of the system. Being at a higher level of abstraction gives transaction level models the unique advantage of high simulation speed. This means that the designer can explore several bus functional architectures before choosing the optimal one. However, the process of converting a transaction level model to a bus functional model is not trivial. A manual conversion would not only be time consuming but also error prone. A bus functional model should also accurately represent the corresponding transaction level model. We present algorithms for automating this refinement process. Experimantal results presented using a tool based on these algorithms show their usefulness and feasibility.
Montezuma oropendolas modify a component of song constrained by body size during vocal contests

Physical constraints on animal signals can influence how challenging they are to produce, which in turn can provide potentially important cues about the condition or quality of a signaller. Some components of a signal are often more challenging to produce than others, however, and we expect animals to modify those elements that are especially costly so as to give high-intensity and demanding displays only when necessary. We found that Montezuma oropendolas, Psarocolius montezuma, modify a particular component of their songs during vocal contests, the lowest peak frequency (LPF). Songs that overlapped other males' songs during interactions at nesting colonies had slightly but significantly lower LPFs than did the same song types produced when singing alone. Other components of song, in contrast, did not change. We also provide evidence that the production of loud, low-frequency notes in this species is constrained by body size, based on a negative bounded relationship between mean measurements of LPF and tarsus length across 102 species and subspecies of New World blackbirds (Icteridae), the songbird family to which the Montezuma oropendola belongs. Measures of LPF in the songs of Montezuma oropendolas fall near the lower limit of what members of the family produce. Taken together, our results suggest that low-frequency notes in these birds might constitute an honest signal of competitive ability during male–male interactions.
Posterior Glottic Stenosis Mechanism and Surgical Management

Posterior glottic stenosis with arytenoid fixation is an uncommon complication of laryngeal injury. Though etiologies vary; the most common is prolonged intubation. Patients with this problem are tracheotomy dependent and have compromised voice production. There has been no acceptable approach to reconstruction of the larynx, the majority of patients being treated with some type of vocal fold lateralization. The success rate with this approach varies, and this procedure does not take advantage of the intact neuromuscular status of the larynx. Over the past 3 years we have utilized an alternative approach, to repair the stenosis and mobilize the arytenoids in 10 patients. Our surgical technique involves laryngeal exposure via a laryngofissure, the removal of posterior glottic cicatricial tissues, and the application of an autologous graft. Subsequently, all but one of the patients were able to be decannulated. Subjective postoperative voice analysis showed improved voice production. The pathophysiology for this disorder and a review of different treatment modalities are discussed.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of Drug Use and Psychiatric Diagnosis Among First‐Time DWI Offenders

This article reports on a study of the concurrent and predictive validity of drug use and psychiatric diagnosis among first-time driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) offenders. The authors evaluated the prevalence, clinical correlates at program admission, and prognostic significance over a 1-year follow-up of 2 diagnostic subgroup variables (drug abuse or dependence; mood or anxiety disorder) among 290 first-time DWI offenders receiving group counseling interventions. The results showed that a lifetime diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence (42% of sample) was associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption, lower coping confidence, greater readiness to change, increased alcohol, drug, and legal problems, and more alcohol-related negative consequences at the initiation of DWI intervention. Significant decreases in drinking were noted at intervention termination for the drug diagnoses subgroup, but were not sustained at 1-year follow-up. The presence of a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety or mood disorder (30% of sample) was associated with lower coping confidence, greater readiness to change, and with greater and more enduring negative consequences of drinking both during the DWI intervention and during the 1-year follow-up period. The authors conclude that a psychiatric diagnosis might prove useful for the intervention and aftercare planning for DWI offenders to reduce recidivism and drinking.
Are One or Two Dangerous? Lidocaine and Topical Anesthetic Exposures in Children

Topical anesthetics are found in a variety of prescription and non-prescription preparations, from teething gels to hemorrhoid creams. In 2003, there were 8576 exposures to local/topical anesthetics reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, with 67% of cases in the age group younger than 6 years old. This report reviews the available literature involving topical anesthetic exposures in children younger than 6 years old, including the National Library of Medicine's Pub Med database (limited to English language) and data from POISINDEX. Additionally, we reviewed the American Association of Poison Control Centers' annual reports from 1983 to 2003. There were 7 deaths in this age range from topical anesthetics. Although the number of deaths is low, the fact that there have been deaths reveals the serious nature of the toxicity that can result from these readily available non-prescription analgesics. Toxicity may result from topical absorption, ingestion, or aspiration. Additionally, toxicity can result from unintentional as well as therapeutic mishaps. Although the number of cases is limited, these medications can be toxic at low doses-which, in children younger than 6 years of age, may amount to as little as a teaspoon.
Volatility of Short-term Capital Flows and Private Investment in Emerging Markets

Abstract Using micro-level panel data, the paper analyses the impacts of short-term capital flow volatility on new fixed investment spending of publicly traded real sector firms in three major emerging markets – Argentina, Mexico and Turkey. The empirical results, including sensitivity tests, suggest that increasing volatility of capital inflows has an economically and statistically significant negative effect on new investment spending of private firms. Accordingly, a 10 per cent increase in capital flow volatility reduces fixed investment spending in the range of 1–1.7, 2.3–15, and 1 per cent in Argentina, Mexico and Turkey respectively.
Merkel cell carcinoma of the hand and upper extremity: Current trends and outcomes

Summary Merkel cell carcinomas represent an uncommon yet aggressive skin cancer. We sought to identify changes in incidence and predictors of outcomes and survival of patients with Merkel cell carcinomas of the hand and upper extremity. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was used to identify all patients with Merkel cell carcinomas of the skin located specifically in the hand and upper extremity. Overall, 5211 cases were identified in the period from 1986 through 2009. The age-adjusted incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma of the hand and upper extremity increased from 0.02 cases per 100,000 in 1986 to 0.14 cases per 100,000 in 2009. The mean age of these patients was 75 years and positive regional lymph nodes were identified in 33%. Rate of metastasis was 4.1%. Overall survival for the study cohort was 49%. Multivariate analysis identified tumor size >5 cm, positive regional lymph nodes and metastasis at diagnosis as independent predictors of mortality. The incidence of Merkel cell carcinomas has increased substantially over the study period. Overall survival for Merkel cell carcinomas of the body and hand and upper extremity is related to tumor size and extent of disease at time of clinical presentation. Merkel cell carcinomas of the hand and upper extremity tend to be diagnosed at an earlier stage with lower rates of regional and systemic spread, and subsequently have a higher overall survival rate.
Irreducible Representations of Witten's Deformations ofU(sl2)☆

Abstract Using E. Witten's approach based on duality in conformal field theory, one can obtain a 7-parameter family of deformations of U ( sl 2 ) (called the “Witten's Deformations”). Le Bruyn singled out a subfamily (called “conformal sl 2 algebras”) and studied their finite dimensional representations. Here we consider all of Witten's deformations. We compute the left spectrum of these algebras and thereby classify irreducible representations for generic values of parameters and finite dimensional representations in certain “roots of unity” cases.
The modified series magnetic amplifier

The basic low-frequency-response limitation of magnetic amplifiers has been overcome by a “modified series” arrangement that permits the use of excitation frequencies up to 200 kc. Two important operational consequences are effective square-wave excitation by use of constant-amplitude d-c pulses and “diode-derived” operation without the use of diodes
Therapeutic peptides and peptidomimetics.

Abstract Peptidomimetics are one set of probes used in the transition pathway of small molecule drug design. Cyclization of the peptide backbone and its modification with aromatic residues constitutes an effective approach to mimetic drug design and circumvents obstacles associated with delivery and formulation of peptides and peptidomimetics. In the past year, examples of mimicking β-turn structures has led to combining design strategies with molecular libraries, demonstrating that peptidomimetics can provide valuable clues about receptor similarities not revealed by their endogenous ligands. This information can lead to the development of dual inhibitors. In addition, this work suggests that the use of libraries and rational design need not be mutually exclusive approaches to lead discovery.