cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New ANCHORS For Business Schools In The New Economy

In this article we illustrate changes taking place in the context, economy and environment in which business schools currently operate. These changes point out the continuous need to devise new business school models to survive and prosper. Further, we elaborate a contextual perspective obtained from the current best practices of business schools to spring forth new strategies in a changing world. After decades of unprecedented growth, business schools are facing an outlook that is suddenly looking much less sunny. Increasing pressure to globalize, declining enrollments, criticism from corporate America, and changes in both business and society are forcing business schools to face the fact that they must adapt or die. As the economy continues to move toward an information-based system, and corporations more heavily favor active learning over theoretical studies, business schools are facing an intensifying crisis. The schools’ best hope is to systematically analyze their own strategies and integrate the concepts of the new economy with their own core values. To devise a strategy for succeeding in these turbulent times, we suggest schools base their strategies in the ANCHORS plan. This helps school officials build from a base that identifies their missions and core competencies, leads them to organizational effectiveness, and helps them create a sustainable advantage in their marketplace. The ANCHORS plan provides a multidimensional basis for coping with changing times and also helps schools identify the markets they will serve.
CHRONIC ETHANOL FEEDING DISRUPTS BOTH LIPID AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN RAT ADIPOSE TISSUE

xvi Chapter 1 Literature Review 1 1.1 Mechanisms of Ethanol’s Action 2 1.1.1 Enzymatic Metabolism of Ethanol 2 1.1.2 Ethanol’s Action Independent on Enzymatic Metabolism of Ethanol 4 1.2 Ethanol and Lipid Metabolism 5 1.2.1 Adipose tissue as a regulator of whole-body lipid homeostasis 5 1.2.2 Regulation of triglyceride metabolism in adipose tissue 6 1.2.3 The effects of ethanol on β-adrenergic receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activity and intracellular cAMP concentration 10 1.2.4 The effects of ethanol on lipid metabolism 11
FlexNIC: rethinking network DMA

We propose FlexNIC, a flexible network DMA interface that can be used by operating systems and applications alike to reduce packet processing overheads. The recent surge of network I/O performance has put enormous pressure on memory and software I/O processing subsystems. Yet even at high speeds, flexibility in packet handling is still important for security, performance isolation, and virtualization. Thus, our proposal moves some of the packet processing traditionally done in software to the NIC DMA controller, where it can be done flexibly and at high speed. We show how FlexNIC can benefit widely used data center server applications, such as key-value stores.
Patterns on the American Land

This article examines some of the economic, political, and social consequences of the rectangular land survey, which was born in the Land Ordinance of 1785. Over three-fourths of the area of the continental United States ultimately came under the rectangular survey. This was of large importance because it provided for easily recognized land descriptions, which in turn contributed enormously to the orderly and largely peaceful occupation of the land. The rectangular survey also provided the units within which economic, political, and social development took place.
Crystallization From Polymer Blends

Binary polymer blends in which one or both components crystallize have been considered. These May be miscible or immiscible in the amorphous state, and phase separation may occur along with crystallization. The rates of these two processes vary differently with temperature, so the consequent morphology and properties depend upon the temperature history. For Miscible blends, the glass transition temperature depends upon composition. This affects diffusion so that crystallization kinetics varies as composition changes. If only one component crystallizes and the other is rejected, this rejected component diffuses away from the growing crystalline regions in a manner dependent upon the interaction between components. These phenomena are studied using a variety of techniques such as calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and scattering, and small-angle light and neutron scattering for a number of polymer systems.
Harmonic analysis on SL(2,ℂ) and projectively adapted pattern representation) and projectively adapted pattern representation

Among all image transforms, the classical (Euclidean) Fourier transform has had the widest range of applications in image processing. Here its projective analogue, given by the double cover groupSL(2, ℂ) of the projective groupPSL(2, ℂ) for patterns, is developed. First, a projectively invariant classification of patterns is constructed in terms of orbits of the groupPSL(2, ℂ) acting on the image plane (with complex coordinates) by linear-fractional transformations. Then,SL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, in the noncompact picture of induced representations, is used to decompose patterns into the components invariant under irreducible representations of the principal series ofSL(2, ℂ). Usefulness in digital image processing problems is studied by providing a camera model in which the action ofSL(2, ℂ) on the complex image plane corresponds to, and exhausts, planar central projections as produced when aerial images of the same scene are taken from different vantage points. The projectively adapted properties of theSL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, as applied to the problems, in image processing, are confirmed by computational tests. Therefore, it should be an important step in developing a system for automated perspective-independent object recognition.
Atmospheric Applications of Remote Sensing

The discovery that the stratospheric ozone layer can be eroded by human activities along with the existence of a larger-than-expected hole over Antarctica more than 30 years ago propelled the use of remote sensing of Earth’s atmospheric structure for more than weather forecasting; it became central to observation research and a tool for the development of environmental policy such as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Collateral Urethral Duplication in the Frontal Plane: A Spectrum of Cases

AbstractCollateral urethral duplication in the frontal plane is a rare anomaly. We report 3 cases of this variant of urethral duplication and review the literature. Double stream was the most frequent complaint and associated midline defects were common. Management, including a unique method of surgical intervention, is discussed.
Ewing's sarcoma.

Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor are rare tumors of childhood, both considered to be small round blue cell tumors of childhood. Recent advances have been made regarding the histogenesis and biology of these tumors. Current thinking links Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor by a shared chromosomal translocation and by evidence of neuroectodermal origin. Advances in chemotherapy have resulted in the cure of most patients presenting with Ewing's sarcoma. This review briefly outlines the year's literature on the histogenesis, biology, and treatment of this tumor.
Predicting A Drug'S Membrane Permeability: Evolution of a Computational Model Validated with in Vitro Permeability Assay Data

Membrane permeability is a key property to consider in drug design, especially when the drugs in question need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A comprehensive in vivo assessment of the BBB permeability of a drug takes considerable time and financial resources. A current, simplified in vitro model to investigate drug permeability is a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) that generally provides higher throughput and initial quantification of a drug's passive permeability. Computational methods can also be used to predict drug permeability. These methods are highly advantageous as they do not require the synthesis of the desired drug, and can be implemented rapidly using high-performance computing. In this study, we have used umbrella sampling Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods to assess the passive permeability of a range of compounds through a lipid bilayer. Furthermore, the permeability of these compounds was comprehensively quantified using the PAMPA assay to calibrate and validate the MD methodology. After demonstrating a firm correlation between the two approaches, we then implemented our MD method to quantitatively predict the most permeable potential drug from a series of potential scaffolds. This permeability was then confirmed by the in vitro PAMPA methodology. Thus, in this work we have illustrated the potential that these computational methods hold as useful tools to help predict a drug's permeability in a faster and more cost-effective manner. Release number: LLNL-ABS-677757.
Caring for Bereaved Families: Self-Efficacy in the Donation Request Process

Motivated by an organ shortage, a primary objective of professionals involved with organ and tissue donation is to identify and modify key factors that facilitate or impede family consent. “Procedural” factors associated with the donation request process have been highlighted as target areas for change. Several studies have demonstrated that family consent rates increase when specific procedural knowledge and skills are incorporated into agency protocols and health care professionals become proficient with these procedures. Thus, training of these professionals heavily emphasizes development of procedural competencies, with relatively little time allocated to fostering affective helping skills or competencies. Given the lack of attention to affective competencies, this study was designed to examine perceived procedural and affective self-efficacy among health care professionals receiving training as “designated requestors.” Findings suggest trained requestors report greater confidence in their ability to perform procedural tasks associated with the donation request process than in their ability to manage affective or emotion-laden issues related to the process.
Aqueous Fractionation of Dry-Milled Corn Germ for Food Protein Production

To improve economics, dry-grind corn ethanol plants are transitioning to fractionation processes to produce higher value coproducts from non-fermentable fractions. Dry-milled corn germ, which contains a significant amount of non-fermentable components (protein, oil, and fiber), is a potential source of higher value food protein. However, the relatively low protein concentration in dry-milled germ currently hinders its use as a starting material for the production of germ protein extracts and concentrates. Germ wet milling is a recently proposed method designed to increase germ protein and oil concentration by water soaking and wet fractionation of dry-milled germ. In this study, the effect of soaking conditions (pH, temperature, time) on germ composition was determined to identify the best conditions for producing germ with high protein content and high protein dispersibility index. The soaking and subsequent processing of dry-milled germ increased protein content from 15 to 21 %, reduced starch from 33 to 9 %, and increased oil content from 16 to 39 %. The effect of soaking and subsequent processing conditions on germ protein quality was also evaluated to determine the suitability of using the defatted germ as the starting material for protein concentrate. Soaking dry-milled germ at 25 °C at either pH 6.0 or pH 9.0 maintained the protein dispersibility index but soaking at pH 3.0 and/or at a higher temperature were detrimental. Results indicated that the yield of corn protein concentrate prepared by isoelectric precipitation from defatted germ flour was significantly affected by the protein dispersibility index.
The Current State of Handovers

The paper presents the varying perspectives on the current state of handoff research and practice. Informed by their research studies, the interdisciplinary expert panel discussed in-situ experienc...
Real-time remote physiological monitoring The role of communication in three paradigms of inpatient care

Researchers at a large Midwest Tertiary Care Hospital have developed a remote monitoring system that supports 24-hour real-time physiological monitoring of multiple noncritical care patients from a central remote display station. The system’s potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry has encouraged future plans to expand the operation. However, all of the system’s characteristics and how those characteristics interact to affect qualities of interest such as worker efficiency, fatigue, and patient care have not been fully explored. A mixed-methods ethnographic approach was used to identify and more comprehensively understand characteristics of the remote monitoring systems currently in place. Analyses described three remote monitoring paradigms, emphasizing elements of communication that were perceived to impact patient care. These efforts are the first steps in continued analyses of remote monitoring systems and are important in the identification of key system elements intended to construct a fu...
Special Issue on Cyber Security

In the present cyber age, public services are getting more and more dependent on use of Information and communication technologies (ICT) day by day. A number of applications viz., Internet of Things, PDF, cloud computing and virtualization and machine to machine (M2M) system usage are sneaking deeply into our everyday life. The more we depend on ICT, the more deepens our concern about IT security or cyber security. Cyber security protects the data and integrity of assets that belong to or connect to a network. It is meant to defend those assets against all sorts of threat actors throughout the life cycle of a cyber attack. It is quite unsurprising that cyber security industry is growing at the same pace as ICT is doing.
Unified analysis of transient and steady-state electrophosphorescence in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs)

The OLED efficiency roll-off can be modeled with bimolecular quenching. Transient luminescence is not well-modeled with this approach. Here, both regimes are reproduced with a dynamic polaron density that also rigorously connects to charge balance.
Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships. By Kaushik Roy. (London, England: Bloomsbury, 2014. Pp. ix, 285. $120.00.)

The author of this book revisits a long‐debated and well‐worn theme in military historiography—namely, the rise of the West in the early modern period and its impact on Asia. Kaushik Roy finds the ...
Dissecting the Effects of Diameter on Wood Decay Emphasizes the Importance of Cross-Stem Conductivity in Fraxinus americana

Pest outbreaks are driving tree dieback and major influxes of deadwood into forest ecosystems. Understanding how pulses of deadwood impact the climate system requires understanding which factors influence greenhouse gas production during wood decay. Recent analyses identify stem diameter as an important control, but report effects that vary in magnitude and direction. This complexity may reflect interacting effects of soil contact, geometry and variable tissue properties. To dissect these effects, we implemented a three-way factorial experiment in Fraxinus americana, (white ash), an iconic North American species threatened by an invasive beetle. Soil contact accelerated decay rates by an order of magnitude with an effect that varied with stem diameter, not bark presence. After experimentally controlling surface area-to-volume ratio, half-buried wide stems decayed more slowly than half-buried narrow stems but more quickly than the aggregate decay rate of buried and suspended stems. These results closely matched variation in moisture content within and among samples, suggesting that limited vertical conduction of soil moisture through deadwood mediates the effect of stem diameter on wood decay. Soil contact also influenced greenhouse gas concentrations reinforcing recent evidence that deadwood acts as a source for CO2 and CH4 while acting as a sink for N2O. Our results suggest that managing tree species affected by pest outbreaks, including F. americana, for biomass salvage and greenhouse gas mitigation requires understanding traits that mediate wood permeability and diffusivity to soil moisture and greenhouse gases.
All Postfeminist Women Do: Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in Television Comedy

Kissling examines how women’s sexual and reproductive health issues are represented in US television comedies by, for, and about young women – Girls, The Mindy Project, and 2 Broke Girls – in ways that fill in some of the gaps of abstinence-only sex education. These shows portray details of bad dates, good friends, boring jobs, and other minutiae of characters’ lives, including women’s reproductive and sexual health: pregnancy scares, PMS, clinic visits, abortion, STI tests, and more. These programmes simultaneously reproduce the postfeminist sensibility of the late 1990s television programming and interpellate viewers into the same neoliberal values.
Unsupervised early prediction of human reaching for human–robot collaboration in shared workspaces

This paper focuses on human–robot collaboration in industrial manipulation tasks that take place in a shared workspace. In this setting we wish to predict, as quickly as possible, the human’s reaching motion so that the robot can avoid interference while performing a complimentary task. Given an observed part of a human’s reaching motion, we thus wish to predict the remainder of the trajectory, and demonstrate that this is effective as a real-time input to the robot for human–robot collaboration tasks. We propose a two-layer framework of Gaussian Mixture Models and an unsupervised online learning algorithm that updates these models with newly-observed trajectories. Unlike previous work in this area which relies on supervised learning methods to build models of human motion, our approach requires no offline training or manual labeling. The main advantage of this unsupervised approach is that it can build models on-the-fly and adapt to new people and new motion styles as they emerge. We test our method on motion capture data from a human-human collaboration experiment to show the early prediction performance. We also present two human–robot workspace sharing experiments of varying difficulty where the robot predicts the human’s motion every 0.1 s. The experimental results suggest that our framework can use human motion predictions to decide on robot motions that avoid the human in real-time applications with high reliability.
Human Factors in Streaming Data Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Information Visualization

Real-world systems change continuously. In domains such as traffic monitoring or cyber security, such changes occur within short time scales. This results in a streaming data problem and leads to unique challenges for the human in the loop, as analysts have to ingest and make sense of dynamic patterns in real time. While visualizations are being increasingly used by analysts to derive insights from streaming data, we lack a thorough characterization of the human-centred design problems and a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art solutions that exist for addressing these problems. In this paper, our goal is to fill this gap by studying how the state of the art in streaming data visualization handles the challenges and reflect on the gaps and opportunities. To this end, we have three contributions in this paper: (i) problem characterization for identifying domain-specific goals and challenges for handling streaming data, (ii) a survey and analysis of the state of the art in streaming data visualization research with a focus on how visualization design meets challenges specific to change perception and (iii) reflections on the design trade-offs, and an outline of potential research directions for addressing the gaps in the state of the art.
Sexual Dysfunction: Behavioral, Medical, and Surgical Treatment

Sexual dysfunction affects both men and women and is responsible for 1 in 5 visits to urologist and/or gynecologists. It is important that treating providers use a logical and methodical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Behavioral therapy, coupled with oral medications, are very successful in treating erectile dysfunction. Complex and invasive therapies are used for more severe cases of sexual dysfunction and are best deployed by specialists.
Electrochemical Probes of Microbial Community Behavior.

Advances in next-generation sequencing technology along with decreasing costs now allow the microbial population, or microbiome, of a location to be determined relatively quickly. This research reveals that microbial communities are more diverse and complex than ever imagined. New and specialized instrumentation is required to investigate, with high spatial and temporal resolution, the dynamic biochemical environment that is created by microbes, which allows them to exist in every corner of the Earth. This review describes how electrochemical probes and techniques are being used and optimized to learn about microbial communities. Described approaches include voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, separation techniques coupled with electrochemical detection, and arrays of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits. Microbial communities also interact with and influence their surroundings; therefore, the review also includes a discussion of how electr...
Extreme low and high waters due to a large and powerful tropical cyclone: Hurricane Irma (2017)

Hurricane Irma’s (2017) storm tide in Florida (USA) was extreme in varied ways, breaking records of water-level extrema around Florida (15 gauging stations) with low water of − 2.34 m relative to mean sea level (MSL) and estimated return period of 283 years on the gulf coast (Cedar Key), and high water of 1.81 m (MSL) and estimated return period of 110 years on the east coast (Mayport). Five other weather systems that caused similarly extreme low and high waters around Florida are identified in the observed records. A common causal factor associated with extreme storm surge around Florida is large total storm size where tropical storm-/hurricane-force winds act over scales of 100–400 km. The peninsular shape of Florida creates a geographical setting where simultaneous extreme low and high waters can occur. The continental shelf is generally wide for the gulf coast and variable with latitude for the east coast. The curvature afforded by the gently cuspate features of the coastline (scales of 50–200 km) and protruding points and capes lend local environments to amplify the storm tide. Depending on the wind direction, the coastal and shelf geometry traps and accumulates water (extreme high waters) or it provides an openness for winds to blow out the water (extreme low waters), where both are exacerbated by the long duration of winds due to large-scale storm systems. Sea-level rise, interannual variability, seasonality and astronomic tides are all shown to be positive contributing factors of water-level extrema.
Examining the effect of reoccurring disturbances on population persistence with application to marine mammals.

Abstract We develop a two-state Markov chain to describe the effect of reoccurring disturbances on a population that is modeled by discrete-time matrix model. The environment is described by three parameters that define the magnitude of impact of a disturbance, the average duration of impact of a disturbance, and the average time between disturbances. We derive an approximation for the stochastic growth rate in order to examine how these three parameters affect population growth. From this approximation, we calculate the sensitivity and elasticity of the growth rate with respect to the environmental parameters. We show that the average duration of impact of a disturbance and the average time between disturbances contribute equally to the stochastic growth rate. We also show that the elasticity of the stochastic growth rate is more sensitive to changes in the magnitude of impact than to changes in either the average duration of impact of a disturbance or the average time between disturbances. These conclusions hold irrespective of the population under consideration. We then provide an application of the model formulation to examine how disturbances, such as oil spills, may affect a sperm whale population. The model results suggest that, in oder to mitigate the impact of disturbances, management strategies should focus on reducing the magnitude of impact. Meanwhile, if it is more feasible to reduce either the duration of impact or the time between impacts, managers should focus on whichever is easier to obtain. In addition, when applied to a sperm whale population, our model shows that the probability of extinction can dramatically increase when disturbance frequency increases but is not greatly impacted by the assumption that all disturbances have the same magnitude.
Polynomial inequalities on sets with km-concave weighted measures

Let μ be a measurewith a k-concave density W on an open convex set V in Rm, that is, W is an integrable weight satisfying the condition $$W(ax + (1 - a)y) \geqslant {(a{W^K}(x) + (1 - a){W^K}(y))^{1/k}},k \in ( - 1/m,\infty ]$$ for all x ∈ V, y ∈ V, and α ∈ [0, 1]. In this paper, we first show that the Fradelizi μ-distributional inequalities for polynomials P of m variables are sharp for each m and k ∈ (−1/m,∞]. Classes of extremal sets V, weights W, and polynomials P for these inequalities are presented. Sharpness of the Bobkov-Nazarov-Fradelizi dilation-type inequalities is established as well. Second, we find efficient conditions for k-concavity of a weight W and obtain new sharp polynomial inequalities.
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of vitreous specimens does not contribute to diagnosis of lymphoma without supporting morphologic features.

Background Diagnostic vitrectomy with flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) is being increasingly used as part of screening for diagnostically challenging cases. We aim to evaluate the utility of combined cytopathology and FCI in diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. We also aim to evaluate cytologic features that could potentially predict FCI outcomes. This study provides clearer indications for use of FCI in diagnostic vitrectomy. Methods A case series of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy specimens from 2010 to 2016 from a single institution was retrospectively evaluated. Associations between cytologic features and FCI were analyzed statistically. Results Ninety-nine vitrectomy specimens (90 patients) were evaluated. Evaluation was diagnostic in 39 of 99 (39.4%) specimens. FCI was performed in 66 of 73 (90.4%) specimens collected for lymphoma indication, and 9 of those 66 FCIs (13.6%) demonstrated abnormal lymphocytes. FCI was performed in 10 of 26 (38.5%) specimens collected for non-lymphomatous indications; all 10 FCIs failed to demonstrate lymphocyte abnormality. The absence of large lymphocytes frequently demonstrated negative FCI (negative predictive value = 97.7%), and was the sole cytologic feature significantly associated with a negative FCI result [OR, 14.0; 95% CI, 1.65-635.6; P = .034]. Conclusions Diagnostic vitrectomy with cytopathology evaluation is valuable, and concomitant FCI is useful to confirm intraocular lymphoma. However, the absence of large lymphocytes on cytologic examination is the single significant predictor of a negative FCI, and this finding should preclude the use of FCI.
Globus Pallidus Interna Deep Brain Stimulation: Practical Guide to Placement with Microelectrode Recording

Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for Parkinson’s disease and has been shown to be more efficacious at improving motor symptoms than medical treatment alone. This chapter will detail the effective targeting of globus pallidus interna (GPi) using a Leksell frame-based approach that relies both on anatomical guidance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and physiological mapping with microelectrode recordings and stimulation. This multimodal approach to stereotactic localization can help overcome the challenges associated with safely and effectively targeting the GPi for DBS.
Hypothesis: Astrocyte Foot Processes Detachment from the Neurovascular Unit in Female Diabetic Mice May Impair Modulation of Information Processing—Six Degrees of Separation

Astrocytes via their foot processes (ACfp) are specialized connecting cells, and they structurally connect the neurovascular unit (NVU) mural cells to neurons. Astrocytes provide homeostatic mechanisms for structural connections and provide communication between the NVU and regional neurons for functional hyperemia in regions of increased neuronal activity (neurovascular coupling). Previously, our group has demonstrated a detachment, separation, and retraction of ACfp in diabetic db/db females (DBC). It was hypothesized that a loss of adherent ACfp/NVU could result in the known impaired cognition in DBC. Additionally hypothesized was that empagliflozin treatment could protect DBC ACfp/NVU remodeling. This study demonstrates a significant loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC and a protection of this loss by empagliflozin treatment (DBE). The number of intact ACfp/NVU was 6.45 ± 1.1 in control heterozygous (CKC) vs. 1.88 ± 0.72 in DBC (p < 0.05) and 5.86 ± 0.88 in DBE vs. DBC (p < 0.05) by visually hand-counting the capillary NVUs (22 in CKC, 25 in DBC, and 22 in DBE). These findings suggest that empagliflozin provides neuroprotection via the prevention of ACfp separation in DBE as compared to diabetic DBC. Furthermore, a loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC may correspond with a negative modulation of informational processing, and the protection of ACfp/NVU numbers could provide a protective modulation in DBE models.
Distributed sensing for acoustic source localization in indoor reverberant environments

The acoustic source localization problem relies on estimating the difference in time-delays of a signal received between multiple acoustic sensors separated by a fixed distance. In the ideal case of a room with no reflections, one can identify the intersection of constant power level maps generated by multiple pairs of sensors to isolate the location of the source. The presence of reverberation however produces additional potential source locations that create uncertainty in the source location. In this research, indoor impulse responses are simulated for a rectangular room using an image source model that incorporates frequency dependent absorption coefficients. These spatio-temporal impulse responses are used to compute the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio along with the standard deviation of the energy spectral density at each receiver location. The results of the computational model are shown to be in good agreement with the model proposed by Jetzt. With these two parameters estimated at three spatially distributed receivers in conjunction with Jetzt's method of critical distance measurement, one can predict the source location in the presence of reverberant features. The results indicate that with accurate estimation of the channel impulse response at multiple receivers, this approach can lead to localizing sources in reverberant environments.
Effect of shape and friction on the packing and flow of granular materials

The packing and flow of aspherical frictional particles are studied using discrete element simulations. Particles are superballs with shape ${|x|}^{s}+{|y|}^{s}+{|z|}^{s}=1$ that varies from sphere ($s=2$) to cube ($s=\ensuremath{\infty}$), constructed with an overlapping-sphere model. Both packing fraction, $\ensuremath{\phi}$, and coordination number, $z$, decrease monotonically with microscopic friction $\ensuremath{\mu}$, for all shapes. However, this decrease is more dramatic for larger $s$ due to a reduction in the fraction of face-face contacts with increasing friction. For flowing grains, the dynamic friction $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$---the ratio of shear to normal stresses---depends on shape, microscopic friction, and inertial number $I.$ For all shapes, $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ grows from its quasistatic value ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{0}$ as $(\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{0})=d{I}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, with different universal behavior for frictional and frictionless shapes. For frictionless shapes the exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}0.5$ and prefactor $d\ensuremath{\approx}5{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{0}$ while for frictional shapes $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}1$ and $d$ varies only slightly. The results highlight that the flow exponents are universal and are consistent for all the shapes simulated here.
Predatory Publishing and the Academic Librarian: Developing Tools to Make Decisions

Predatory publishing tactics are well-documented in the literature; however, the way in which academic librarians handle questions about these deceptive practices is not. A thorough review of the literature revealed a need for true decision-making tools that were easy to use and share. Based on this evidence, the authors developed Scholarly Tools Opposing Predatory Practices (STOPP) to empower librarians to make informed decisions by providing the appropriate context and tools for appraising journals, websites, conferences, and thesis converters. While geared toward academic medical librarians, these tools are built to evolve and adapt across disciplines as predatory practices evolve and adapt.
Lamin B2, Guardian of Cardiomyocyte Nuclear Division.

Regenerative capacity is robust in the neonatal mouse heart but is lost during postnatal development when cardiomyocytes undergo cell-cycle arrest and polyploidization. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Han et al. (2020) show that Lamin B2, a nuclear lamina filament supporting cardiomyocyte karyokinesis, also facilitates cell division and cardiac regeneration.
Association Between Use of Multiple Classes of Antibiotic in Infancy and Prevalence of Allergic Disease in Childhood.

PURPOSE Antibiotic administration negatively impacts the microbiome by decreasing bacterial diversity which has shown to correlate with allergic disease. Antibiotic stewardship is especially important in the infant population as microbiome alteration may impact a child for the remainder of their life. Exposure to multiple classes of antibiotic may amplify the impact on the gut biome and may increase the likelihood of allergy, strengthening a causation hypothesis. The purpose of this study is to determine whether exposure to increasing number of antibiotic classes in infancy increases risk of developing allergic disease in early childhood. METHODS …
Models of Power in Exchange Networks

Research into power in exchange networks is based on a large corpus of experimental studies and has spurred the development of many theories to account for experimental outcomes. The types of networks that fall into the domain of these theories are described. How these objects are instantiated in experimental procedures are outlined. The various theories that have been proposed are mentioned but four are set out in detail: power dependence theory, core theory, expected value theory, and network exchange theory. Finally, the results of two recent evaluations of these theories, one empirical and one theoretical, are summarized.
A simple Ca2+-imaging approach to neural network analyses in cultured neurons.

Abstract Background Ca2+-imaging is a powerful tool to measure neuronal dynamics and network activity. To monitor network-level changes in cultured neurons, neuronal activity is often evoked by electrical or optogenetic stimulation and assessed using multi-electrode arrays or sophisticated imaging. Although such approaches allow detailed network analyses, multi-electrode arrays lack single-cell precision, whereas optical physiology generally requires advanced instrumentation that may not be universally available. New method Here we developed a simple, stimulation-free protocol with associated Matlab algorithms that enables scalable analyses of spontaneous network activity in cultured human and mouse neurons. The approach allows analysis of the overall network activity and of single-neuron dynamics, and is amenable to screening purposes. Results We validated the new protocol by assessing human neurons with a heterozygous conditional deletion of Munc18-1, and mouse neurons with a homozygous conditional deletion of neurexins. The approach described enabled identification of differential changes in these mutant neurons, allowing quantifications of the synchronous firing rate at the network level and of the amplitude and frequency of Ca2+-spikes at the single-neuron level. These results demonstrate the utility of the approach. Comparision with existing methods Compared with current imaging platforms, our method is simple, scalable, accessible, and easy to implement. It enables quantification of more detailed parameters than multi-electrode arrays, but does not have the resolution and depth of more sophisticated yet labour-intensive methods, such as patch-clamp electrophysiology. Conclusion The method reported here is scalable for a rapid direct assessment of neuronal function in culture, and can be applied to both human and mouse neurons. Thus, the method can serve as a basis for phenotypical analysis of mutations and for drug discovery efforts.
HISTORY OF RELIGIONS

Folk Religion in Japan: Continuity and Change. By ICHIRO HORI. Edited by JOSEPH M. KITAGAWA and ALAN L. MILLER. ("Haskell Lectures on History of Religions," N.S. No. 1.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968. Pp. xv+ 278. $7.00. The Five Sacred Festivals of Ancient Japan: Their Symbolism and Historical Development. By U. A. CASAL. ("Monumenta Nipponica Monograph No. 26.") Tokyo: Sophia University, in co-operation with Charles E. Tuttle Co. of Rutland, Vt., and Tokyo, 1967. Pp. viii+ 114. $6.00. Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. By JEAN HERBERT. London: New York: Stein & Day, 1967. Pp. 622. $20.00.
Rearranging Receptors

Summary: The immature brain is highly susceptible to seizures. The heightened susceptibility to seizures appears to be due, at least in part, to developmental changes that skew the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in the brain in favor of a state of excitation. Multiple factors, including changes in GABAergic and glutaminergic receptor composition, number, and distribution, all contribute to produce the characteristic limbic hyperexcitability seen during the early postnatal period. Infants and young children who experience prolonged or repetitive seizures have an increased risk of subsequently developing epilepsy. Evidence to date suggests that status epilepticus produces permanent changes in the molecular and cellular structure of limbic circuitry that, in turn, result in a long-lasting increase in hippocampal excitability and lower seizure thresholds in later life.
Nutritional supplements and erectile dysfunction

Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as an inability to achieve or maintain penile erection sufficiently enough for sexual performance. Sexual function involves an interplay between psychological, vascular, neurological, endocrine functions; thus the various etiologies of ED can be divided into psychosocial or organic causes. Current mainstays of treatment for ED are centered around enhancing levels of nitric oxide at the nerve terminal with pharmacologic agents such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, followed by more invasive therapies such as intracavernosal injections and penile prosthesis. The market for supplements for ED has been growing in popularity and has warranted further investigation into mechanisms of action and efficacy. This chapter discusses several supplements that have been marketed as therapies for ED, their efficacies in clinical trials, as well as their mechanism of action on the biochemical level, safety profiles, and adverse effects.
User Motivation Based Privacy Preservation in Location Based Social Networks

Location based Social Networks (LBSNs) have become an integral part of mobile social networks, and with increasing popularity, the use of these networks has become more frequent. With the increasing use of these platforms, a lot of information is leaked, posing serious privacy threats to the users. To handle this, most platforms currently have different privacy settings that are extreme and render the processed checkin data useless to the user as the changes made completely deviates from the user motivation behind the check-in. To this end, we propose a model called User Motivation based Privacy Preservation (UMPP), which provides different privacy policies for different user motivations to retain user motivation for a check-in, which is otherwise lost in most other privacy policies in applications today. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes user motivation based privacy policies. We evaluate the performance of our proposed methods on real- world datasets in terms of privacy and information loss.
Facilitating inquiry-based science learning online in a virtual university

The authors reviewed their approaches to facilitating inquiry-based science courses from 2005 through 2010 in a fully online master's degree program at Walden University designed to help teachers bring inquiry-based science to their students. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate their interaction-engagement approach in facilitating online courses, which focused on a guided inquiry approach to build understanding of core science concepts using hands-on experimental science investigations.
Optimal Cycles in Graphs and the Minimal Cost-To-Time Ratio Problem

Let G.= (N,A) be a directed graph, and let cij and t ij be a “cost” and a “transit time assigned to each arc (i, j). We consider three problems. The Negative Cycle Problem: Does G contain a directed cycle for which the sum of the costs is strictly negative? The Minimal-Cost Cycle Problem: As suming G contains no negative cycles, find a directed cycle for which the sum of the costs in minimum. The Minimal Cost-to-Time Ratio Cycle Problem: Find a directed cycle for which the sum of the costs divided by the sum of the transit times is minimum.
Working from the inside out

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer an insight into the relevance for managers and leaders of what Huxley termed the “perennial philosophy”, a commonality of teachings found within the spiritual and indigenous traditions of all ages and all parts of the world.Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes the use of a thought experiment to explore the subjective experience of the individual who works in a way that is aligned to the perennial philosophy. The purpose of the experiment is to assess the value of the philosophy to the practical dimensions of management.Findings – The thought experiment uses an account of an ancient craft worker, working in a manner prescribed by perennial wisdom, as the basis for extrapolating, to a modern situation, the potential fruits of such work. Greater mental clarity and a greater ability to see potential and “unimpededness” are recognized, as is a natural elegance in the products and services that result.Research limitations/implications – The “thought ex...
Complex sinusoid frequency estimation at very low SNR

A frequency estimator for complex sinusoids in white noise is proposed for a very low SNR scenario. This algorithm possesses the computational simplicity of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the resolution advantages of signal eigenvector methods. Asymptotic expressions are derived to explain the behaviour of the estimator for high and low SNR. Simulation results shows that the estimator provides reasonably good estimates even at lower SNR as compared to the existing techniques.
Language modeling using Independent Component Analysis for Automatic Speech Recognition

Conventional statistical language models such as N-grams are inadequate to model long distance dependencies in natural language. In this paper we propose a novel statistical language model to capture topic related long range dependencies. Humans have the inherent ability to identify long range dependencies in natural language. Given a set of related words humans can easily identify the context in which the set of words is occurring. It has been shown by many researchers that Independent Component Analysis (ICA) captures these kind of dependencies better than any other formulation. Furthermore, ICA provides a topic decomposition that can be easily interpreted by humans compared to other models. This paper describes the development of a language model using ICA. The topic model is combined with a standard N-gram to produce the language model. The perplexity results obtained show that this language model is a viable language model for speech recognition purposes.
Direct observation of DNA repair by photolyase

Author Institution: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biochemistry, OSU Biophysics, Chemical Physics and Biochemistry Programs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Coexistent pemphigus vulgaris and Paget's disease of the nipple: An immunohistochemical study

We report the coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and Paget's disease of the nipple in a patient with a documented history of pemphigus and a 2-year complaint of an eczematous breast lesion. A biopsy taken from the lesion showed the characteristic histologic features of both pemphigus and Paget's disease of the nipple. Immunohistochemical technics revealed intercellular IgG deposits characteristic of pemphigus and intracellular staining with antibody to epithelial membrane antigen in the cytoplasm of Paget's cells. This report is the first describing the coexistence of these two distinct disease entities in one tissue sample. This case underscores the necessity of early biopsy of recalcitrant nipple lesions even in the presence of another, well-documented skin disorder.
Design of a Carbon Tax

We consider the design of a tax on greenhouse gas emissions for a developed country such as the United States. We consider three sets of issues: the optimal tax base, issues relating to the rate (including the use of the revenues and rate changes over time) and trade. We show that a well-designed carbon tax can capture about 80% of U.S. emissions by taxing fewer than 3,000 taxpayers and up to almost 90% with a modest additional cost. We recommend full or partial delegation of rate setting authority to an agency to ensure that rates reflect new information about the costs of carbon emissions and of abatement. Adjustments should be made to the income tax to ensure that a carbon tax is revenue neutral and distributionally neutral. Finally, we propose an origin-based system for trade with countries that have an adequate carbon tax and a system of border taxes for imports from countries without a carbon tax. We suggest a system that imposes presumptive border tax adjustments with the ability of an individual firm to prove that a different rate should apply. The presumptive tax could be based either on average emissions for production of the item by the exporting country or by the importing country.