cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Planar Substrate Uniaxial Anisotropy

A new technique to measure uniaxial anisotropy in planar substrates is described. The technique uses a single dual-mode resonator. Each mode of the resonator has a different distribution of horizontal (parallel to the substrate surface) and vertical (perpendicular to the substrate surface) directed fields. Using an electromagnetic analysis of the dual-mode resonator, the resonant frequencies of the modes are space mapped to the horizontal and vertical dielectric constants. The space mapping allows the anisotropic dielectric constants to be extracted from the measured resonant frequencies. It is also suggested that this technique can be applied to magnetic uniaxial anisotropy as well as to magnetic and electric loss tangent anisotropy. The dual and quad "RA" resonators are introduced in this paper. A measurement of FR4 (a common anisotropic epoxy-glass weave composite substrate) with a detailed error analysis illustrates the technique.
Development of a particle bombardment-mediated transient transformation system for Taxus spp. cells in culture

In developing and developed nations, plant cell culture systems are used to supply desirable compounds in lieu of chemical synthesis or natural extraction. When plant cell culture systems are unable to meet commercial demand, metabolic engineering offers a method to increase yields. However, to benefit from metabolic engineering approaches, effective transient transformation methods are required to rapidly identify and characterize key regulatory genes before intensive, time-consuming stable transformation efforts can proceed. This paper describes a particle bombardment-mediated transient transformation system for Taxus spp. in cell culture. Optimal parameters were established for the T. cuspidata cell line P991 and the T. canadensis cell line CO93D, resulting in reliable, efficient, transient expression of the firefly luciferase gene under control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. Multiple bombardments and larger gold microcarriers (1.6 vs 1.0 μm in diameter) were particularly effective in increasing luciferase activity and in reducing variation among replicates. This particle bombardment-mediated transformation system was also shown to be capable of transiently expressing the DsRed and β-glucuronidase reporter genes under the control of the maize ubiquitin and CaMV 35S promoters, respectively. With the ability to transiently transform Taxus spp. cell cultures using a variety of promoters and reporters, characterization of genes related to paclitaxel accumulation in culture can now proceed.
Breast fine-needle aspiration samples reported as “proliferative breast lesion”: Clinical utility of the subcategory “proliferative breast lesion with atypia”†

BACKGROUND: The fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of proliferative breast lesion is an indeterminate category. The aim of this correlative study was to determine whether a subcategory of “proliferative breast lesion with atypia” was achievable and whether this subcategory has management utility. METHODS: Breast FNA cases from 2000 through 2005 diagnosed as proliferative breast lesion and proliferative breast lesion with atypia were retrieved. Both cytologic and surgical slides of these cases were reviewed blindly. A cytologic diagnosis of proliferative breast lesion (without atypia) or proliferative breast lesion with atypia was used if the findings of the proliferative breast lesion did not fit a more specific category. RESULTS: Of the 3934 breast FNAs performed on palpable breast masses from January 2000 to December 2005 at the LAC + USC Medical Center, 317 (8.1%) were diagnosed cytologically as proliferative breast lesion with atypia, without atypia or without mention of atypia. There was subsequent histopathology on 201 of these cases. After the cytologic smears were reviewed, 29 cases were excluded from this study. Of the 172 remaining cases, 21 (12.2%) were found to be malignant and the remaining 151 (87.8%) were found to be benign on histology. Of the malignant cases, 90% had an FNA diagnosis of proliferative breast lesion with atypia; of the benign cases, 78% were interpreted as proliferative breast lesion without atypia. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferative breast lesion with atypia was clinically significant because it was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of malignancy compared with proliferative breast lesion without atypia. Most of the malignancies had hypocellularity or low nuclear grade on the FNA smears. Fibroadenoma accounted for most of the benign lesions in both proliferative breast lesion and proliferative breast lesion with atypia. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Comparing Two Methods of Writing Instruction: Effects on Kindergarten Students’ Reading Skills

ABSTRACT This experimental study directly compared the effects of two prevalent forms of classroom writing instruction, interactive writing and writing workshop, on kindergarten students’ acquisition of early reading skills. Repeated measures data was collected at four points over 16 weeks to monitor growth of 151 kindergarten students in phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, and word reading. Results of this study showed students in both the interactive writing group and the writing workshop group demonstrated significant growth over time for each of the three outcome measures, with no statistically significant difference between groups for any of the outcome measures at any of the time points. This study provides evidence that, when consistently implemented during the first 16 weeks of kindergarten, interactive writing and writing workshop are equally effective in promoting acquisition of early reading skills.
Design of a Large-Area Fast Neutron Directional Detector

A large-area fast-neutron double-scatter directional detector and spectrometer is being constructed using 1-meter-long plastic scintillator paddles with photomultiplier tubes at both ends. The scintillators detect fast neutrons by proton recoil and also gamma rays by Compton scattering. The paddles are arranged in two parallel planes so that neutrons can be distinguished from muons and gamma rays by time of flight between the planes. The signal pulses are digitized with a time resolution of one gigasample per second. The location of an event along each paddle can be determined from the relative amplitudes or timing of the signals at the ends. The angle of deflection of a neutron in the first plane can be estimated from the energy deposited by the recoil proton, combined with the scattered neutron time-of-flight energy. Each scattering angle can be back-projected as a cone, and many intersecting cones define the incident neutron direction from a distant point source. Moreover, the total energy of each neutron can be obtained, allowing some regions of a fission source spectrum to be distinguished from background generated by cosmic rays. Monte Carlo calculations have been compared with measurements.
New mid-IR laser based on an erbium activated low phonon energy crystal

Summary form only given. Important DOD applications require high brightness sources in the thermal band from 4.5 /spl mu/m-5.0 /spl mu/m. To fill this need, we have explored direct emission on the 41/sub 9/2/ /spl rarr/ 41/sub 11/2/ transition in trivalent erbium. To avoid multi-phonon quenching of the mid-IR transition, we have investigated chloride host crystals that possess low energy phonon spectra. A simple end-pumped resonator was utilized for these experiments.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review

Context: A comprehensive systematic literature review of the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), ankle-sprain copers, and hea...
Non-specific Transmission of the Lucké Tumor

Living fragments of Lucke tumors were successfully grown in the anterior eye-chambers of adults from an assortment of vertebrate species (1); however, anterior eyechamber implants induced adenocarcinomas only in hosts from the same R. pipiens population as the tumor donor (1, 2, 3). Tumors were induced in hosts of a heterologous population and species when the oncogenic agent was adapted to the new host (2, 3, 4), but this only emphasized the existence of the barriers to tumor induction that lay in the path of the unadapted oncogenic agent.
“You Have to Knock at the Door for the Door Get Open”: Alternative Literacy Narratives and the Development of Textual Agency in Writing by Newly Literate Adults

This article is part of a project that involves case studies of four adults who attend an informal literacy center. I examine people’s motivations to write when their main purpose is not to gain a degree or other credentials. Here I focus on one study member and how she uses writing to gain textual agency. By composing narratives that investigate her social positioning, this woman rewrites her own story. I demonstrate how her texts and interview comments reveal a strong desire to connect with public audiences so that other people might follow her model of speaking out to change culture.
Relational Inference for Wikification

Wikification, commonly referred to as Disambiguation to Wikipedia (D2W), is the task of identifying concepts and entities in text and disambiguating them into the most specific corresponding Wikipedia pages. Previous approaches to D2W focused on the use of local and global statistics over the given text, Wikipedia articles and its link structures, to evaluate context compatibility among a list of probable candidates. However, these methods fail (often, embarrassingly), when some level of text understanding is needed to support Wikification. In this paper we introduce a novel approach to Wikification by incorporating, along with statistical methods, richer relational analysis of the text. We provide an extensible, efficient and modular Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation of Wikification that incorporates the entity-relation inference problem, and show that the ability to identify relations in text helps both candidate generation and ranking Wikipedia titles considerably. Our results show significant improvements in both Wikification and the TAC Entity Linking task.
Pluralistic and stochastic gene regulation: examples, models and consistent theory

We present a theory of pluralistic and stochastic gene regulation. To bridge the gap between empirical studies and mathematical models, we integrate pre-existing observations with our meta-analyses of the ENCODE ChIP-Seq experiments. Earlier evidence includes fluctuations in levels, location, activity, and binding of transcription factors, variable DNA motifs, and bursts in gene expression. Stochastic regulation is also indicated by frequently subdued effects of knockout mutants of regulators, their evolutionary losses/gains and massive rewiring of regulatory sites. We report wide-spread pluralistic regulation in ≈800 000 tightly co-expressed pairs of diverse human genes. Typically, half of ≈50 observed regulators bind to both genes reproducibly, twice more than in independently expressed gene pairs. We also examine the largest set of co-expressed genes, which code for cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins. Numerous regulatory complexes are highly significant enriched in ribosomal genes compared to highly expressed non-ribosomal genes. We could not find any DNA-associated, strict sense master regulator. Despite major fluctuations in transcription factor binding, our machine learning model accurately predicted transcript levels using binding sites of 20+ regulators. Our pluralistic and stochastic theory is consistent with partially random binding patterns, redundancy, stochastic regulator binding, burst-like expression, degeneracy of binding motifs and massive regulatory rewiring during evolution.
A Comparative Analysis of Marketing Practices in Hong Kong, Korea and the Philippines

The issue of how applicable marketing know‐how is to the Third World and the newly industrialized countries is examined by the authors. The emphasis is on cross national similarities and differences in the use of marketing know‐how by businesses in Hong Kong, Korea and the Philippines. The authors discuss the implications of patterns of marketing activity performance for marketing strategy decisions by the international firm.
Understanding Fiado: Informal Credit in Brazil

This paper will explore insights gathered from fieldwork activities in the Northeast Brazil to design a financial application to facilitate access to credit. We observed the everyday financial practices of small merchants, their social physical networks and mechanisms to promote trust in those communities. We observed a particular kind of transaction that was common amongst our participants - called Fiado. Fiado transactions are a store credit practice in which merchants sell products to a customer based on trust that the customer will pay for it in the future. The Financial app aims to assist small merchants to manage their Fiado and their business.
Promotion and Patronage in Equestrian Careers

In general histories of the Principate a prominent place is often given to the growth of bureaucracy, characterized especially by the equestrian procuratorial service. Along with a growth in size, it is said, came the development of an organization regulated by guidelines—the ‘formation of the rigid framework of a civil service, one that was to a certain extent more and more impersonal’. Thus, with regard to promotion, ‘the procurator's career had a precise promotion ladder, on which the scale of remuneration conferred a surprisingly modern character’. This view carries with it wide-ranging general and specific implications. It suggests that Roman government of the early empire reached a fairly sophisticated level of rational organization in which friendship and patronage, so vital to the workings of Republican politics, declined in importance, as bureaucratic rules played an increasingly decisive role in the appointment and promotion of procurators. More specifically, it has been thought that once the rules have been discovered, missing steps in individual careers can be interpolated with confidence.
Serologic and virologic evidence of a prospect hill-like hantavirus in Wisconsin and Minnesota

Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine if hantaviruses were present in the Great Lakes port areas of Wisconsin and Minnesota and if so, to identify which virus and which rodent host species were involved. Rodents were trapped in Duluth, Minnesota, Superior, Green Bay, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, all ports of call for international maritime shipping. A total of 675 wild rodents were captured and tested, including 310 meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), 173 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), 179 Peromyscus spp., (including white footed mice [P. leucopus] and deer mice [P. maniculatus gracilis and P. maniculatus bairdii]), and 13 house mice (Mus musculus). Twenty percent of the rats, 17% of the meadow voles, 8% of the house mice, and 3% of the Peromyscus spp. had antibody to a hantavirus by immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA). By the plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT), nine of 36 meadow voles, one of 4 P. leucopus, and one of 34 rats had hantavirus antibody, with the highest titers to Prospect Hill (PH) virus. All of the PRNT-seropositive individuals were from the twin cities of Superior and Duluth. Hantavirus antigen was detected in lung tissue by IFA in M. pennsylvanicus and Peromyscus spp., but not in rats. Two hantaviruses, designated SD-1 and SD-2, were isolated from M. pennsylvanicus captured in Duluth and found to be very similar to prototype PH virus by cross-IFA and cross-PRNT. Virus isolation attempts were unsuccessful from tissues of the Peromyscus spp. and the rats.
Elevated STAT3 expression in ovarian cancer ascites promotes invasion and metastasis: a potential therapeutic target

Although activation of the STAT3 pathway has been associated with tumor progression in a wide variety of cancer types (including ovarian cancer), the precise mechanism of invasion and metastasis due to STAT3 are not fully delineated in ovarian cancer. We found that pSTAT3 Tyr705 is constitutively activated in patient ascites and ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells (ADOCCs), and the range of STAT3 expression could be very high to low. In vivo transplantation of ADOCCs with high pSTAT3 expression into the ovarian bursa of mice resulted in a large primary tumor and widespread peritoneal metastases. In contrast, ADOCCs with low STAT3 expression or ADOCCs with STAT3 expression knockdown, led to reduced tumor growth and an absence of metastases in vivo. Cytokines derived from the ADOCC culture medium activate the interleukin (IL)-6/STAT pathway in the STAT3 knockout (KO) cells, compensating for the absence of inherent STAT3 in the cells. Treatment with HO-3867 (a novel STAT3 inhibitor at 100 p.p.m. in an orthotopic murine model) significantly suppressed ovarian tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis by targeting STAT3 and its downstream proteins. HO-3867 was found to have cytotoxic effects in ex vivo cultures of freshly collected human ovarian cancers, including those resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. Our results show that STAT3 is necessary for ovarian tumor progression/metastasis and highlight the potential for targeting STAT3 by HO-3867 as a therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
Magnetic Field-Induced Raman Scattering in EuSe

We report here several new features associated with the magnetic field, temperature, and laser excitation energy-dependence of the magnetic field-induced Raman scattering effect in EuSe. New features include the persistence of this line above Tc and the observation of two energy ranges where resonant enhancement occurs.
Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow: Bubble Growth and Collapse

Introduction Unlike solid particles or liquid droplets, gas/vapor bubbles can grow or collapse in a flow and in doing so manifest a host of phenomena with technological importance. We devote this chapter to the fundamental dynamics of a growing or collapsing bubble in an infinite domain of liquid that is at rest far from the bubble. Although the assumption of spherical symmetry is violated in several important processes, it is necessary to first develop this baseline. The dynamics of clouds of bubbles or of bubbly flows are treated in later chapters. Bubble Growth and Collapse Rayleigh–Plesset Equation Consider a spherical bubble of radius, R(t) (where t is time), in an infinite domain of liquid whose temperature and pressure far from the bubble are T ∞ and p ∞ (t) respectively. The temperature, T ∞ , is assumed to be a simple constant because temperature gradients are not considered. Conversely, the pressure, p ∞ (t) , is assumed to be a known (and perhaps controlled) input that regulates the growth or collapse of the bubble. Though compressibility of the liquid can be important in the context of bubble collapse, it will, for the present, be assumed that the liquid density, ρ L , is a constant. Furthermore, the dynamic viscosity, µ L , is assumed constant and uniform. It will also be assumed that the contents of the bubble are homogeneous and that the temperature, T B (t) , and pressure, p B (t) , within the bubble are always uniform. These assumptions may not be justified in circumstances that will be identified as the analysis proceeds.
Mitochondrial Nitroreductase Activity Enables Selective Imaging and Therapeutic Targeting

Nitroreductase (NTR) activities have been known for decades, studied extensively in bacteria and also in systems as diverse as yeast, trypanosomes, and hypoxic tumors. The putative bacterial origin of mitochondria prompted us to explore the possible existence of NTR activity within this organelle and to probe its behavior in a cellular context. Presently, by using a profluorescent near-infrared (NIR) dye, we characterize the nature of NTR activity localized in mammalian cell mitochondria. Further, we demonstrate that this mitochondrially localized enzymatic activity can be exploited both for selective NIR imaging of mitochondria and for mitochondrial targeting by activating a mitochondrial poison specifically within that organelle. This constitutes a new mechanism for mitochondrial imaging and targeting. These findings represent the first use of mitochondrial enzyme activity to unmask agents for mitochondrial fluorescent imaging and therapy, which may prove to be more broadly applicable.
Shiki: A Critical Foundation for School Algebra in Japanese Elementary School Mathematics

An analysis of the Japanese elementary school (Grades 1 through 6) mathematics curriculum materials reveals that the study of functional relationships (patterns) is a major emphasis in Japan, as is the case in curricula from other countries. However, the Japanese curriculum considers the ideas related to mathematical expressions, called “shiki” in Japanese, as the second pillar of elementary school algebra. This chapter elaborates how a Japanese textbook series attempts to realize this emphasis on writing and interpreting mathematical expressions.
Linguistically guided adaptation to foreign-accented speech

Adaptation to foreign-accented sentences can be guided by knowledge of the lexical content of those sentences, which, being an exact match for the target, provides feedback on all linguistic levels. The extent to which this feedback needs to match the accented sentence was examined by manipulating the degree of match on different linguistic dimensions, including sub-lexical, lexical, and syntactic levels. Conditions where target-feedback sentence pairs matched and mismatched generated greater transcription improvement over non-English speech feedback, indicating listeners can draw upon sources of linguistic information beyond matching lexical items, such as sub- and supra-lexical information, during adaptation.
Lack of Evidence for Vasoactive and Inflammatory Mediators in the Promotion of Macular Edema Associated with Epiretinal Membranes.

The development of symptoms in patients with epiretinal membranes (ERMs) often corresponds with the accumulation of interstitial fluid in the retina [i.e., the development of macular edema, (ME)]. To explore the potential value of pharmacologic therapeutic options to treat ME in patients with ERMs, we examine here the expression of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in the vitreous of patients with idiopathic ERMs. We observed that vitreous concentrations of classic vasoactive factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor) were similar in ERM patients with ME compared to controls. Using an array assessing the expression of 102 inflammatory cytokines we similarly did not observe a marked difference in cytokine expression in the vitreous of most ERM patients with ME compared to control patients. While the array data did implicate a group of inflammatory cytokines that were elevated in a subset of ERM patients who had severe ME (central subfield thickness ≥450 μm on spectral domain optical coherence tomography), expression of 3 of these inflammatory cytokines, all previously implicated in the promotion of ME in ischemic retinal disease, were not elevated by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We conclude that therapies modulating vasoactive mediators or inflammatory cytokines may not affect ME in ERM patients.
Collaborative Coaching With Early Head Start Teachers Using Responsive Communication Strategies

This study used a single-case, multiple baseline design to examine the effectiveness of collaborative coaching on three Early Head Start (EHS) teachers’ use of responsive communication strategies w...
James Turner, «Philology. The Forgotten Origins of Modern Humanities» / Sheldon Pollock, Benjamin A. Elman y Ku-ming Kevin Chang, eds., «World Philology»

Review of James Turner, Philology. The Forgotten Origins of Modern Humanities , Princeton University Press, Princeton y Oxford, 2014, 550 pp. ISBN: 9780691168586. / Sheldon Pollock, Benjamin A. Elman y Ku-ming Kevin Chang, eds., World Philology , Harvard University Press, Cambridge y Londres, 2015, 452 pp. ISBN: 9780674052864.
Evaluating Contextually Adapted Reading Interventions with Third-Grade, Costa Rican Students Experiencing Significant Reading Difficulties.

Scholarship in school psychology has continued to document the need and importance of contextually relevant intervention and prevention research, but this type of research remains relatively scarce...
Combining decision support methodologies to diagnose pneumonia.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a computerized decision support system that combines two different decision support methodologies (a Bayesian network and a natural language understanding system) for the diagnosis of patients with pneumonia. DESIGN: Evaluation study using data from a prospective, clinical study. PATIENTS: All patients 18 years and older who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care setting and whose chest x-ray report was available during the encounter. METHODS: The computerized decision support system calculated a probability of pneumonia using information provided by the two systems. Outcome measures were the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and test effectiveness. RESULTS: During the 3-month study period there were 742 patients (45 with pneumonia). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.881 (95% CI: 0.822, 0.925) for the Bayesian network alone and 0.916 (95% CI: 0.869, 0.949) for the Bayesian network combined with the natural language understanding system (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Combining decision support methodologies that process information stored in different data formats can increase the performance of a computerized decision support system.
A methodology to predict power losses of planetary gear sets

Planetary gear sets possess numerous advantages over their parallel-axis counterparts in terms of their power density, tolerance insensitivity and noise attributes in addition to their kinematic flexibility. One potential disadvantage of planetary gear sets is power losses due to multiple planet branches, resulting from an increased number of gear meshes and bearings. The power losses of a planetary gear set can be grouped in two categories based on their dependence on load. Load-dependent (mechanical) power losses are induced by friction in external and internal gear mesh contact interfaces as well as at planet bearings while load-independent (spin) losses are associated with drag of the carrier assembly and gears, bearing viscous losses and oil-air pocketing at gear mesh interfaces. With the assumption that these components of power losses are independent of each other, this study proposes a methodology that implements a family of models to predict total power loss of planetary gear sets including primary mechanical and spin loss components. Power loss predictions of the proposed methodology are compared to published experiments (1) to assess its accuracy within typical ranges of operating conditions and design variations.
Central venous catheter bundle adherence: Kamishibai card (K-card) rounding for central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention

Objective:To institute facility-wide Kamishibai card (K-card) rounding for central venous catheter (CVC) maintenance bundle education and adherence and to evaluate its impact on bundle reliability and central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates.Design:Quality improvement project.Setting:Inpatient units at a large, academic freestanding children’s hospital.Participants:Data for inpatients with a CVC in place for ≥1 day between November 1, 2017 and October 31, 2018 were included.Intervention:A K-card was developed based on 7 core elements in our CVC maintenance bundle. During monthly audits, auditors used the K-cards to ask bedside nurses standardized questions and to conduct medical record documentation reviews in real time. Adherence to every bundle element was required for the audit to be considered “adherent.” We recorded bundle reliability prospectively, and we compared reliability and CLABSI rates at baseline and 1 year after the intervention.Results:During the study period, 2,321 K-card audits were performed for 1,051 unique patients. Overall maintenance bundle reliability increased significantly from 43% at baseline to 78% at 12 months after implementation (P < .001). The hospital-wide CLABSI rate decreased from 1.35 during the 12-month baseline period to 1.17 during the 12-month intervention period, but the change was not statistically significant (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–1.24; P = .41).Conclusions:Hospital-wide CVC K-card rounding facilitated standardized data collection, discussion of reliability, and real-time feedback to nurses. Maintenance bundle reliability increased after implementation, accompanied by a nonsignificant decrease in the CLABSI rate.
Fair Share of Latency in Inter-Data-Center Backbone Networks

The inter-data-center backbone networks initially carried bandwidth-intensive traffic which does not have stringent latency service-level-objectives (SLOs). Fair allocation policies were used in such networks to achieve equitable distribution of bandwidth to the flows. However, these networks have started carrying traffic that is significantly tied to the end-user experience and thus have stringent latency SLOs. But, the literature lacks routing algorithms for inter-data-center backbone networks which impose latency SLOs on its traffic in addition to achieving fair allocation of bandwidth. We, therefore, introduce a concept called "fair share of latency" that involves routing traffic for different flows such that the violation of latency SLOs is minimum. We propose a linear-programming based routing algorithm for inter-data-center backbone networks that incorporates both "fair share of latency" and fair allocation of bandwidth. We also introduce latency utility curves that depict the perceived worth of different latencies to an application. Simulation results on the topologies of inter-data-center networks of Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and IBM reveal that our routing algorithm achieves significant improvement in meeting the latency SLOs of different traffic classes with a slight reduction in the fairness of bandwidth allocation.
The Brief Case: A Maggot Mystery-Ignatzschineria larvae Sepsis Secondary to an Infested Wound.

A 58-year-old man called 911 because his 54-year-old brother fell in their apartment. When emergency medical services (EMS) arrived at the apartment, they found it to be infested with insects and covered with animal feces. The EMS personnel deemed the apartment unfit for human habitation and were
That’s Our Beer! Creating the Contentious Category of Collegiate Beer

Existing categories often blend together to form new categories. To date, research has explored noncontroversial forms of category blending, such as smartphones and nanotechnology, even though cate...
Title: Accelerated multi-target chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse heart

Cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer-magnetic resonance imaging (CEST-MRI) has been used to probe levels of various metabolites that provide insight into myocardial structure and function. However, imaging of the heart using CEST-MRI is prolonged by the need to repeatedly acquire multiple images for a full Z-spectrum and to perform saturation and acquisition around cardiac and respiratory cycles. Compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction of sparse data enables accelerated acquisition, but reconstruction artifacts may bias subsequently derived measures of CEST contrast. In this study, we examine the impact of CS reconstruction of increasingly under-sampled cardiac CEST-MRI data on subsequent CEST contrasts of amine-containing metabolites and amide-containing proteins. Cardiac CEST-MRI data sets were acquired in six mice using low and high RF saturation for single and dual contrast generation, respectively. CEST-weighted images were reconstructed using CS methods at 2-5× levels of under-sampling. CEST contrasts were derived from corresponding Z-spectra and the impact of accelerated imaging on accuracy was assessed via analysis of variance. CS reconstruction preserved myocardial signal to noise ratio as compared to conventional reconstruction. However, greater absolute error and distribution of derived contrasts was observed with increasing acceleration factors. The results from this study indicate that acquisition of radial cardiac CEST-MRI data can be modestly, but meaningfully, accelerated via CS reconstructions with little error in CEST contrast quantification.
Gender Access in African Regional Courts: The Case for a Rights-Based Approach to Judicial Appointments

The African Union designated 2016 as the "African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women". Yet, the scholarly literature on African women judges on regional and international courts remains scant and in some cases non-existent. This paper examines the impact of institutional design in generating gender-balanced courts at the regional and sub-regional levels in Africa. Consequently, it argues for the adoption of a human rights-based approach to judicial appointments in Africa. The paper examines three courts; the African Court on Human and Peoples Rights, the East African Community Court of Justice and the Economic Community of West African States Court of Justice. Statistics on the total number of judges who have served on each of these courts shows a disproportionately low number of female compared to male judges. It identifies a number of crucial variables influencing the outcomes in judicial selection processes to include; the impact of selection methods, the type of executive in power, the role of civil society advocacy and the effect of regional diffusion. The paper provides recommendations for institutionalizing gender parity in African regional courts through transparent nomination and voting procedures.
Narcotourism: a conceptual framework and research agenda

Despite existing in practice, as well as in other social science and policy literature, narcotourism has not appeared in tourism journals, and its full scope remains unarticulated. This paper aims ...
Spectrum of BRAF Mutations and Gene Rearrangements in Ovarian Serous Carcinoma.

PURPOSELow-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) is a rare type of ovarian cancer, which commonly arises from serous borderline tumor (SBT) and is characterized by frequent activating mutations in the mito...
Risk factors affecting the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-neoplasia sequence.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma has the fastest growing incidence rate of any cancer in the United States, and currently carries a very poor prognosis with 5 years relative survival rates of less than 15%. Current curative treatment options are limited to esophagectomy, a procedure that suffers from high complication rates and high mortality rates. Metaplasia of the esophageal epithelium, a condition known as Barrett’s esophagus (BE), is widely accepted as the precursor lesion for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Recently, radio-frequency ablation has been shown to be an effective method to treat BE, although there is disagreement as to whether radio-frequency ablation should be used to treat all patients with BE or whether treatment should be reserved for those at high risk for progressing to esophageal adenocarcinoma while continuing to endoscopically survey those with low risk. Recent research has been targeted towards identifying those at greater risk for progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma so that radio-frequency ablation therapy can be used in a more targeted manner, decreasing the total health care cost as well as improving patient outcomes. This review discusses the current state of the literature regarding risk factors for progression from BE through dysplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma, as well as the current need for an integrated scoring tool or risk stratification system capable of differentiating those patients at highest risk of progression in order to target these endoluminal therapies.
Acute Kidney Injury in the Era of Ventricular Assist Devices

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are an increasingly used therapy for advanced heart failure in the United States; over 10,000 patients have durable mechanical circulatory support since 2006. Renal dysfunction is common in these patients, particularly those who are not candidates for cardiac transplantation and receive a VAD as a destination therapy. Presence of baseline renal dysfunction translates into a greater risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) following VAD placement, which in turn portends a poor prognosis. However, the majority of patients actually experience a relative improvement in renal function with mechanical support suggesting that a significant burden of reversible heart failure-induced renal dysfunction was present in these patients at baseline. The clinical significance of post-VAD improvements in renal function remains poorly understood. This chapter describes the changes in renal function after VAD implantation, their association with mortality, and the potential influence of continuous-flow technology on these renal outcomes.
Remote sensing of water color and sea surface temperatures off the Oregon coast1

Multispectral scanner measurements from aircraft revealed complicated and often abrupt changes in ocean color which appeared less conservative than changes of sea surface temperature measured with an infrared radiometer, although the general areal patterns were similar. Color and thermal fronts, which often coincided, were most pronounced between upwelled water, Columbia River plume water, and oceanic waters. Normalized spectra of backscattered light in seven bandwidths and differences between specific bands were useful in identifying water types. The blue (0.45-0.47 ~6) minus green (0.52-0.55 p) differences were highest in oceanic water, intermediate in plurne water, and low in chlorophyll-rich upwelled water. The green (0.52-0.55 p) minus orange (0.580.63 p) were highest inshore and lowest offshore. Near the mouth of the Columbia River, where water contained a large load of particulate matter, both blue -green and green orange differences were low. Multiple color bands in the upwelling zone and fronts along both inshore and offshore margins of the Columbia River plume result from dynamic processes that may influence coGentrations of pelagic fishes. -
Formation and characterization of acyl carrier protein-linked polyketide synthase extender units.

Abstract Polyketide natural products are assembled by the condensation of an initiating precursor, or starter unit, with a series of additional precursors referred to as extender units. While there are a number of polyketide synthase starter units, there are currently only seven known polyketide synthase extender units. Polyketide synthase extender units thioesterified to coenzyme A have been known for some time; however, polyketide synthase extender units thioesterified to acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) have been identified only recently. Two of them, (2R)‐hydroxymalonyl‐ACP and (2S)‐aminomalonyl‐ACP, are found in the biosynthetic pathway of the antibiotic zwittermicin A in Bacillus cereus UW85. The focus of this chapter is the in vitro formation of (2R)‐hydroxymalonyl‐ACP and (2S)‐aminomalonyl‐ACP and the characterization of these extender units using high performance liquid chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.
Large blue shift due to band filling at interface islands in coupled quantum wells

Recently we have observed band filling of the exciton states at interface islands in multiple QWs. This occurs at the spatially localized islands because of the spatial confinement of the excitons along the interface. Here we report our experimental observation of enhanced band-filling effect at interface islands in a strongly coupled two-QW sample based on continuous-wave photoluminescence excitation (PLE) measurements. The sample was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a semi-insulating AlAs substrate. Each unit of 20 periods is composed of two GaAs QWs separated by AlGaAs barrier.
Reactions of Metal Complexes with Singlet Oxygen

A variety of reactions of metal complexes with singlet oxygen have been reported during the past several decades. These reactions can be divided into two parts, that is, reactions of the metal center and ligand oxidations. Reactions at the metal center involve physical deactivation of singlet oxygen and oxidative addition to form metal-dioxygen complexes. These peroxo complexes may undergo insertion reactions or lose the added dioxygen molecule either in the singlet or triplet state. Reaction of some metal centers with hydrogen peroxide may also lead to formation of singlet oxygen which constitutes a dark (non-photochemical) method of 1O2 generation. Olefinic ligands bound to Sn, Si, and W centers undergo singlet oxygen ene reactions, leading to conventional H-ene products and/or peroxides bound to the metal atom (metallo-ene reaction). These peroxides may be useful synthons for further transformations. Examples of [2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to ligands are also discussed. Finally, singlet oxygen reacts with metal-bound thiolates and dithiolates, leading to formation of a variety of oxidized sulfur ligands, such as sulfenates and sulfinates. The mechanisms of these reactions appear to be somewhat similar to that of the photooxidation of organic sulfides but many details are poorly understood at this time. Keywords: Singlet oxygen; Photooxidation; Physical quenching of singlet oxygen; Oxidative addition; Reductive elimination; Hydrogen peroxide disproportionation; Metal peroxide; Singlet oxygen ene reaction; Singlet oxygen [4+2] cycloaddition; Thiolate oxidation
Chapter 61 Intertemporal Substitution and Risk Aversion

Abstract We study structural models of stochastic discount factors and explore alternative methods of estimating such models using data on macroeconomic risk and asset returns. Particular attention is devoted to recursive utility models in which risk aversion can be modified without altering intertemporal substitution. We characterize the impact of changing the intertemporal substitution and risk aversion parameters on equilibrium short-run and long-run risk prices and on equilibrium wealth.
The Medical Offset Effect and Public Health Policy: Mental Health Industry in Transition

Foreword Introduction Growth and Change in the Mental Health Industry A Stylized Review of the Medical Offset Literature A Behavioral Model of the Medical Offset Effect An Empirical Analysis of the Medical Offset Effect The Medical Offset Effect: Policy Considerations and Implications Implications of the Offset Effect and Beyond: Charting the Course of the Mental Health Industry Bibliography Index
Communal Training of the Solitary Individual: A Nietzschean Puzzle Concerning Liberal Education

When contemplating the state of contemporary liberal education, one rarely thinks to turn to Nietzsche for insight. This neglect is not necessarily a case of academic irresponsibility; rather, often it is due to one’s hope to maintain sanity: Nietzsche’s writings are full of switchbacks and contradictions. Some of his texts are lucid, others murky at best with the echoes of the author’s laughter at the reader’s frustrating (and often losing) battle wrestling aphorisms and verse. Additionally, the misappropriation of Nietzsche’s work to support the agendas of Nazis and misogynists leaves many skittish at the thought of approaching it at all. Yet, within his various writings, education and the possibility of human greatness and autonomy is of utmost importance, as he regards individuals who actualize such greatness — exemplary creative geniuses — as ultimate ends providing value and meaning to the whole of culture (for example: SE 1, et passim; FEI; GM II, 2; EH, The Untimely Ones).
CO-CONSTRUCTIONS IN SPANISH: COOPERATION BY MEANS OF AN INTERRUPTION?

This article proposes a review of the co-construction phenomena, understood as the realization of a syntactic unit throughout the contribution of two participants during a conversation. It analyzes 81 cases from Spanish casual conversations in Cali, Colombia. Taking into consideration different explanations given as causes of this phenomenon, three variables are proposed to confirm these hypotheses on the studied examples. These variables correspond to: 1. A conversational interaction perspective, where shared cognitive models by the participants are taken into account (Lerner, 1991). 2 A syntactic approximation, where the grammatical characteristics of the components are analyzed (Ford y Thompson, 1996), y 3. A prosodic approach focused in interrupted units (Helasvuo, 2004). It is proposed that the theses suggested as causes of the co-construction appearance do have incidence in the studied examples. However, it is shown that in general these units cannot be explained by an isolated cause, but for multiple factors, where syntax and prosody are combined. Finally, it is proposed that what at first sight could be considered a conflictive fact of the conversation, an interruption, is a conversational cooperation act.
Evaluation of the L-CLONE Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 urine antigen latex test

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the L-CLONE Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Urine Antigen Latex Test (Access Medical Systems, Inc., Branford, Conn.) for detection of Legionella antigen in urine. A total of 481 frozen urine samples previously tested by an in-house solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was thawed and retested by using L-CLONE. Included in this sample were 140 RIA-positive samples from culture-positive or serologically confirmed cases of legionellosis and 341 RIA-negative samples from patients with non-Legionella respiratory disease or bacteriuria. The original RIA test result was accepted as the true value. L-CLONE correctly identified 76 of 140 (54%) known positive samples. False-negative results could not be attributed to a low Legionella antigen concentration or to a Legionella antigen subgroup. L-CLONE correctly identified 252 of 341 (74%) known negative samples. False-positive results were experienced in all groups of negative samples, regardless of the patients' underlying diseases. A total of 141 fresh urine samples was tested; all were Legionella antigen negative by RIA. L-CLONE provided 86% specificity. The sensitivity of the L-CLONE in testing fresh urine samples could not be evaluated because of the lack of Legionella antigen RIA-positive samples.
Attempt at a regge-pole-regge-cut description of high-energy πN scattering

An attempt is made to fit near forward differential and the full konwn range of total πN cross-sections by a Regge-pole-Reggeeut model. Possible explanations for the failure of this are discussed.
SodaBot: a software agent environment and construction system

This thesis presents {\em SodaBot}, a general-purpose software agent user- environment and construction system. Its primary component is the {\em basic software agent} --- a computational framework for building agents which is essentially an {\em agent operating system}. We also present a new language for programming the basic software agent whose primitives are designed around human-level descriptions of agent activity. Via this programming language, {\em users can easily implement a wide-range of typical software agent applications}, e.g. personal on-line assistants and meeting scheduling agents. The SodaBot system has been implemented and tested, and its description comprises the bulk of this thesis.
Sparcle: A Multithreaded VLSI Processor for Parallel Computing

The Sparcle chip will clock at no more than 50 MHz. It has no more than 200K transistors. It does not use the latest technologies and dissipates a paltry 2 watts. It has no on-chip cache, no fancy pads, and only 207 pins. It does not even support multiple-instructions issue. Then, why do we think this chip is interesting? Sparcle is a processor chip designed for large-scale multiprocessing. Processors suitable for multiprocessing environments must meet several requirements: