cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expectation/Disillusion and Presidential Popularity: The Reagan Experience

The Sigelman-Knight analysis of the "expectation/disillusion" interpretation of recurring declines in presidential popularity is replicated with data on the Reagan presidency. There is a connection between Reagan's popularity and expectations about what he would be able to accomplish, but (just as was the case during the Carter presidency, and directly counter to predictions) it was the more highly educated whose expectations of presidential performance were initially highest. Moreover, as time passed the size of the education-based gap in expectations of Reagan increased over time. These findings leave the expectation/disillusion interpretation in considerable doubt. Lee Sigelman is Professor and Chairman, and Kathleen Knight is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Kentucky. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 49:209-213 ? by the Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 0033-362X/85/0049-209/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.249 on Wed, 03 Aug 2016 05:45:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 210 LEE SIGELMAN AND KATHLEEN KNIGHT have more realistic, and therefore lower, expectations than the less educated do. (4) As time passes, this gap should narrow considerably as the less educated become more disillusioned. Analysis of data gathered in nationwide surveys between 1977 and 1979 revealed strong support for the first two propositions, but not for the latter two. Across a wide range of policy areas, there was no consistent relationship one way or the other between level of education and confidence that President Carter would achieve his goals; moreover, the size of the education-based gap in expectations remained unchanged over
Academic Library Mission Statements, Web Sites, and Communicating Purpose

Abstract Continual changes in information technologies over the past three decades have wrought substantial changes in library services and in information-seeking behavior among the general public. Thus the necessity for libraries to utilize the internet to communicate with stakeholders is even more important for academic libraries, as the rate of internet usage among those with college degrees continues to outpace that of the general population. The online availability of a well-crafted mission statement is therefore crucial. This analysis of the web sites of 113 ARL academic libraries—an update of Kuchi's (2006) study—considers the inclusion (availability) and placement (accessibility) of mission statements on library web sites and provides insights into the academic library's use of such statements for communicating mission and purpose to different stakeholders.
Practicable phase contrast techniques with large spot sources

X-ray phase contrast can offer improved contrast in soft tissue imaging at clinical energies. To generate phase contrast in a clinical setting without the need for precisely aligned gratings and multiple exposures has traditionally required the use of specialized sources capable of producing x-ray spots on the order of 10 μm in diameter which necessarily require lengthy exposures due to the low intensity produced. We demonstrate results from two systems capable of overcoming this limitation. In the first, a polycapillary optic is employed to focus a typical clinical source to produce a small secondary source of the size required for phase contrast imaging. In the second, a grid of relatively large pitch is used along with Fourier processing to generate a phase contrast image using a large spot size source.
Cooperative source seeking and contour mapping of a diffusive signal field by formations of multiple UAVs

This paper presents three scenarios using multiple UAVs based cooperative source seeking strategy to locate the position of a diffusive signal field and contour mapping via cooperative multiple UAVs with circular formation flight. An existing source seeking algorithm is adopted and improved in this paper for better signal source locating, then the algorithm is modified to achieve contour mapping of the signal field. A formation control strategy used for consensus problem is simplified and applied in this paper to stabilize the UAVs formation flight during detection. The contour mapping algorithm and the formation control strategy are combined to guarantee the contour mapping of the diffusive signal field via cooperations of multiple UAVs.
Information architecture for supply chain quality management

As quality requirements play a crucial role in supply chain management (SCM), enterprises require appropriate information architecture to address evolving supply chain needs. Information architecture for supply chain quality management has drawn much attention from the research community and the industry in recent years. Recent research explores the role of service-oriented architecture (SOA), RFID, agent, workflow management, and the Internet of Things (IoT) as an enabler of real-time quality management and control in the supply chain. This paper attempts to analyse the current state of the art in information management for supply chain quality management, reviewing the current research and development in information architecture for supply chain quality management, and highlighting some of the key technologies that have the potential to significantly improve the performance of supply chain quality management. It is our hope that this paper will motivate the supply chain quality management community in d...
Bone density in competitive figure skaters

Abstract Oleson CV, Busconi BD, Baran DT. Bone density in competitive figure skaters. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:122-8. Objectives: To compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of competitive female teenage figure skaters with a history of fracture with the BMD of skaters without fracture and to compare each group to age-matched, nonathletic controls. Design: Retrospective age-matched cohort. Setting: Tertiary care medical center and 3 local skating clubs. Participants: Thirty-six adolescent female competitive skaters (10 with fracture, 26 without fracture) to 22 age-matched controls. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: BMD was estimated by quantitative ultrasound. Results: Skaters who had suffered stress fractures had BMD values comparable with those of healthy nonathletic controls. However, skaters who had not suffered stress fractures had calcaneal BMD values 15% to 24% greater than either the controls or skaters with fractures. Among the skaters without fracture, there was a 14% to 19% higher calcaneal BMD in skaters who executed triple jumps relative to skaters who performed only double jumps. Furthermore, there was 7% to 11% greater BMD in the landing foot of the skaters relative to the takeoff foot. Conclusions: Stress fractures in adolescent skaters are not caused by low bone mass but may result from excessive forces placed on a normal skeleton. Our findings also support the hypothesis that higher peak forces are applied to the landing foot relative to the takeoff foot. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Further Evidence for the Increased Power of LOD Scores Compared with Nonparametric Methods

In genetic analysis of diseases in which the underlying model is unknown, "model free" methods-such as affected sib pair (ASP) tests-are often preferred over LOD-score methods, although LOD-score methods under the correct or even approximately correct model are more powerful than ASP tests. However, there might be circumstances in which nonparametric methods will outperform LOD-score methods. Recently, Dizier et al. reported that, in some complex two-locus (2L) models, LOD-score methods with segregation analysis-derived parameters had less power to detect linkage than ASP tests. We investigated whether these particular models, in fact, represent a situation that ASP tests are more powerful than LOD scores. We simulated data according to the parameters specified by Dizier et al. and analyzed the data by using a (a) single locus (SL) LOD-score analysis performed twice, under a simple dominant and a recessive mode of inheritance (MOI), (b) ASP methods, and (c) nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis. We show that SL analysis performed twice and corrected for the type I-error increase due to multiple testing yields almost as much linkage information as does an analysis under the correct 2L model and is more powerful than either the ASP method or the NPL method. We demonstrate that, even for complex genetic models, the most important condition for linkage analysis is that the assumed MOI at the disease locus being tested is approximately correct, not that the inheritance of the disease per se is correctly specified. In the analysis by Dizier et al., segregation analysis led to estimates of dominance parameters that were grossly misspecified for the locus tested in those models in which ASP tests appeared to be more powerful than LOD-score analyses.
Contribution of trace metals from atmospheric deposition to stormwater runoff in a small impervious urban catchment

The contribution of atmospheric deposition to emissions of trace metals in stormwater runoff was investigated by quantifying wet and dry deposition fluxes and stormwater discharges within a small, highly impervious urban catchment in Los Angeles. At the beginning of the dry season in spring 2003, dry deposition measurements of chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc were made monthly for 1 year. Stormwater runoff and wet deposition samples also were collected, and loading estimates of total annual deposition (wet+dry) were compared with annual stormwater loads. Wet deposition contributed 1–10% of the total deposition inside the catchment, indicating the dominance of dry deposition in semi-arid regions such as Los Angeles. Based on the ratio of total deposition to stormwater, atmospheric deposition potentially accounted for as much as 57–100% of the total trace metal loads in stormwater within the study area. Despite potential bias attributable to processes that were not quantified in this study (e.g., resuspension out of the catchment or sequestration within the catchment), these results demonstrate atmospheric deposition represents an important source of trace metals in stormwater to waterbodies near urban centers. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
XPS characterization of ultra-thin MgO films on a Mo(100) surface

Abstract The oxidation of ultra-thin Mg films supported on a Mo(100) surface has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the 90–1300 K sample temperature range. Upon adsorption of oxygen onto Mg thin films or deposition of Mg in the presence of oxygen, a Mg(2p) XPS feature at ~ 50.5–50.8 eV is observed. The binding energy of this peak is higher than that of metallic Mg(2p) (at 49.6 eV) and is assigned to oxidized magnesium. The associated O(1s) XPS spectra exhibit two peaks which can be attributed to a dioxygen species concluded to be magnesium peroxide and the lattice oxygen in MgO. Upon annealing the peroxide containing film to ~ 700 K, the magnesium peroxide is reduced to MgO through the loss of oxygen and metallic magnesium existing within the film is subsequently oxidized to MgO. Mg deposition in an oxygen background (~ 10 −6 Torr) onto the Mo(100) surface at 300 K produces essentially stoichiometric MgO films.
FDA Labeling System for Drugs in Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE:To review the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy labeling system, examine the new FDA-proposed pregnancy labeling system for form and content, and provide comments on its suitability for implementation.DATA SOURCES:Data were obtained from the FDA's Web site (www.fda.gov), PubMed, Federal Register, LexisNexis, Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), Drugdex, and Current Contents.STUDY SELECTION:Research and articles involving drugs and pregnancy, drugs and lactation, and the subcommittee meeting of the FDA were included.DATA EXTRACTION:Prospective, case-control studies from pregnancy registries.DATA SYNTHESIS:Currently, only 40% of drugs in the PDR have pregnancy categories listed. The medical profession has resorted to other means to assess pregnancy risk, such as retrospective chart review, case reports, and consultation with experts such as regional drug information centers.CONCLUSIONS:The proposed pregnancy labeling system strives for more clinical usefulness by reliance on human ...
Mechanism of thermal transport in zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia by molecular-dynamics simulation.

The authors present results of molecular-dynamics simulations of the thermal conductivity, K, of ZrO{sub 2} and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-stabilized ZrO{sub 2} (YSZ). For both pure ZrO{sub 2} and YSZ with low concentrations of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, they find that the high-temeprature K is typical of a crystalline solid, with the dominant mechanism being phonon-phonon scattering. With increasing Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration, however, the mechanism changes to one more typical of an amorphous system. In particular, phononlike vibrational modes with well-defined wave vectors appear only at very low frequencies. As in amorphous materials, the vast majority of vibrational modes, while delocalized, do not propagate like ordinary phonon modes but transport energy in a diffusive manner. The authors also find that the few highest frequency modes are localized and do not contribute to K.
Perceptual evaluation of the mean-square error choice of regularization parameter

A formal perceptual study shows that the perceptually optimal choice of regularization parameter varies from the minimum mean-square error parameter as a function of the original image, the point-spread function, and the signal-to noise ratio (SNR). However, further studies show that this variation has only a slight effect on the perceived quality of the restoration. >
The Status of Semiconductor Device Modeling in the Classical Domain

Summary form only given. Device simulation requires solving carrier transport equations and Poisson's equation. Beginning with the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), several options are available to describe carrier transport, including the drift-diffusion approach, the momentum and energy balance equations, and Monte Carlo simulation. The limitations of the BTE and the regions of validity for several device simulation approaches for Si and GaAs are reviewed. Results for situations close to equilibrium and for an arbitrary distribution function are given.
STUDIES ON GONOCOCCUS INFECTION III. CORRELATION OF GONOCOCCAL COLONY MORPHOLOGY WITH INFECTIVITY FOR THE CHICK EMBRYO

Comparable numbers of types 1, 2, 3, and 4 gonococci were placed on the intact chorioallantoic membrane of 236, 10-day old chick embryos. Types 1 and 2 organisms produced infection and could be cultured from chorioallantoic fluid 2 days later significantly more often (69%) than types 3 and 4 organisms (12%, P < 0.001). This confirms in an animal model the same correlation between colony types and infectivity observed in human volunteers and suggests that types 1 and 2 gonococci possess a fundamental virulence characteristic which is absent from types 3 and 4 organisms. Gonococcal infection of the chick embryo chorioallantoic cavity remains a useful model somewhat analogous to localized gonococcal infection in man.
Women in Chinsapo, Malawi: vulnerability and risk to HIV/AIDS

Malawi, a very poor country located in southern Africa, is no exception to the growing trend and severity in HIV prevalence. By the end of 2003 there were 900 000 adults and children in Malawi living with HIV/AIDS. Adult prevalence was estimated to be 15%, which is higher than the 7.1% average rate for sub-Saharan Africa. In order to understand the spread of HIV/AIDS it is imperative to address the economic, social, cultural, and political issues that impact on women’s contraction and spread of the virus.We do so in this paper by critically examining the gendered context of HIV/AIDS with reference to Malawi.The theoretical framework for this research focuses on poverty, gender relations, regional migration patterns, and global economic changes which place women in highly vulnerable situations.The study was conducted in a low-income area in Lilongwe, the capital city of Malawi. In 2003 and 2004, 60 randomly selected women who lived in a low socioeconomic residential area completed a structured interview on issues concerning individual economic situations, marriage history, fertility, family planning and social networks, gender, sexual partnerships, and HIV/AIDS. Focus group interviews were also conducted with an additional 20 women.The results of our study indicate that the rising epidemic among women in Malawi is firstly driven by poverty which limits their options. Secondly, gender inequality and asymmetrical sexual relations are basic to spreading HIV/AIDS among women. Thirdly, in spite of their awareness through media and health care professionals, women are unable to protect themselves, which further increases their vulnerability.
FORWARD MOVEMENT OF PARAMECIUM AS A FUNCTION OF THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

1. At constant temperatures, and within physiological limits, changes of pH in either direction from the neutral point result in immediate increases in speed of movement of Paramecium. 2. These increases are temporary. In 30 to 45 minutes a minimum of speed is reached. This is followed by a period of recovery lasting about an hour. Finally an equilibrium is found. With inorganic acids (HCl or H2SO4) the final speed after 3 or 4 hours is that characteristic of prolonged exposure to pH 7.0; on the other hand, 3 or 4 hours after the application of either valeric or carbonic acid, speed is proportional to the [H^prime;] of the external and, probably, of the internal medium. 3. These facts become explicable if we assume that the ionization of an ampholyte superficially localized is essential for the execution of the ciliary stroke. Valeric and carbonic acid, in time, demonstrably penetrate the cell. As a working hypothesis we postulate that internal increase of the [H'] accelerates the rate at which this ampholyte is synthetized; but without actually penetrating the cell, hydrogen or hydroxyl ions in the external medium could also increase the degree to which this ampholyte dissociates. 4. Increased ionization of a fixed quantity of ampholyte and an increase in the rate of its production are in these experiments practically indistinguishable. Hence we assume that immediate and temporary increases of speed resulting from any change of pH, as well as final and permanently higher speed levels manifest only after prolonged exposures to organic acids, involve essentially the same mechanism.
Profiling the Anaerobic Response of C. elegans Using GC-MS

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism that has seen extensive use over the last four decades in multiple areas of investigation. In this study we explore the response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to acute anoxia using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). We focus on the readily-accessible worm exometabolome to show that C. elegans are mixed acid fermenters that utilize several metabolic pathways in unconventional ways to remove reducing equivalents – including partial reversal of branched-chain amino acid catabolism and a potentially novel use of the glyoxylate pathway. In doing so, we provide detailed methods for the collection and analysis of excreted metabolites that, with minimal adjustment, should be applicable to many other species. We also describe a procedure for collecting highly volatile compounds from C. elegans. We are distributing our mass spectral library in an effort to facilitate wider use of metabolomics.
Optimum coefficient of performance and exergetic efficiency of a two-stage vapour compression refrigeration system

This paper presents the results of an optimization study for a two-stage vapour compression refrigeration system based on the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency. Traditional studies have focused on the first-law performance, while those studies dealing with the second law have primarily been limited to performance analysis as opposed to performance optimization. The results of this study indicate that the use of the common approximation of the geometric mean to find the optimum interstage pressure can lead to significant errors in interstage pressure. However, an optimum COP or exergetic efficiency based on the same interstage pressure has relatively little error. This trend is valid as long as the isentropic compressor efficiencies are 'reasonable'. Second-law optimization revealed that the optimum data curves themselves have a maxima for each set of conditions tested. This leads to the conclusion that for a given system there is an optimum set of conditions that lead to the lowest amount of exergy destruction for that system. This is shown to occur consistently for reasons that are, as yet, undetermined. Finally, polynomial equations have been fitted to the resultant optimum data for the interstage pressure, COP and exergetic efficiency. These equations allow for the reproduction of optimum points based on high- and low-pressure compressor efficiencies and condenser and evaporator pressures.
Two Sides to Every Story: An Ethnohistorical Approach to Organizational Partnerships

Organizational partnerships are special forms of interorganizational cooperation which permit two or more independent entities to pool resources for achievement of a common goal. Although partnerships of various types promise significant benefits to organizations and to society, the literature suggests that such unions are subject to high rates of instability and failure. Existing hypotheses of interorganizational failure are not able to explain or predict outcomes in many cases of partnership. Limitations of existing hypotheses may derive from theoretical and methodological biases which have constrained the range of phenomena investigated in partnership research. This paper proposes an ethnohistorical research strategy for the study of interorganizational partnerships. The new approach, called ethnohistorical mapping, provides a reliable means to reconstruct a partnership's past from the perspectives of two or more organizational entities. Map data are analyzed to isolate contrasts in the content of reported experience, and contrasts are used to discover and illuminate microorganizational processes and variables underlying partnership development. The new approach is illustrated using preliminary data on an international joint-venture organization. Tentative conclusions drawn from casestudy analysis suggest enhancements to existing explanations of partnership outcomes, and also suggest the utility of ethnohistory as a tool in organizational management, [ethnohistory, interorganizational relations, methodology, organizational theory, partnerships]
A Health Policy Lesson Learned, or Not

Here’s an easy lesson for health reformers and policymakers: you get what you pay for. O’Leary and colleagues demonstrate how costs are the rate limiting step to enhancing US immunization rates, noting that “private practices are the backbone of the childhood immunization program.”1 Yet from their study we might glean how to change this step from rate limiting to rate accelerating. Immunization delivery policy in the United States has historically had 2 arms: (1) immunizations provided by the private sector to individuals who would accept or who requested this protection for themselves or their families; and (2) immunizations provided in public health clinics to the indigent or the general public in times of public health emergency. The public health sector, which includes the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments, researches and gives guidance on proper vaccine administration to all children, but the delivery of essential immunizations largely relies on the private health care sector. I believe I was fully immunized as a child certainly thanks to my caring and wise parents, but also owing to … Address correspondence to Joseph F. Hagan, Jr, MD, FAAP, Hagan, Rinehart and Connolly Pediatricians PLLC, 128 Lakeside Ave, Suite 115, Burlington, VT 05401. E-mail: jhagan{at}aap.org
Analysis of recombination sites within the maize waxy locus

Genetic fine structure analysis of the maize wx locus has determined that the ratio of genetic to physical distance within wx was one to two orders of magnitude higher than the average for the maize genome. Similar results have been found at other maize loci. In this study, we examined several mechanisms that could account for this pattern. First, crossovers in two other maize genes resolve preferentially at specific sites. By mapping exchanges between wx-B1 and wx-I relative to a polymorphic SstI site, we found no evidence for such a hotspot at wx. Second, deletion of promoter sequences from wx alleles had little effect on recombination frequencies, in contrast to results in yeast where promoter sequences are important for initiating recombination in some genes. Third, high levels of insertion polymorphism may suppress intergenic recombination. However, the presence of a 2-kb Ds element 470 bp upstream of the wx transcription start site did not further suppress recombination between Ds insertions in nearby wx sequences. Thus, none of these mechanisms is sufficient to explain the difference between intergenic and intragenic recombination rates at wx.
In Whose Backyard?: Concern About Siting a Nuclear Waste Facility*

Proponents of hazardous and nuclear waste depositories label opponents to local siting of such facilities “NIMBYs” (Not In My Backyard). This study assesses the extent to which the NIMBY label and the strategies of industry proponents to reduce opposition function on a reasonable set of assumptions. Using survey data and multiple regression techniques, the levels of concern of residents living in the county selected as the site of a low level radioactive waste disposal facility (imminent threat condition) are compared with a statewide sample (hypothetical threat condition). Consistent with proponents' theoretical assumptions, the levels of concern are greater for respondents under conditions of imminent threat than of hypothetical threat. However, within the host county, levels of concern are lowest, albeit most polarized, in the community closest to the proposed site. A conflict theory approach enhances an understanding of these findings by suggesting that within the most proximate community levels of concern are lowest for citizens who stand to gain the most economic benefits from the facility but highest for those citizens who are least likely to derive tangible gains.
Appius Claudius Caecus and the Via Appia

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the principal lines of approach which have been taken to the career of Appius Claudius Caecus in the hope of formulating a view of the censor which is neither over-dramatized nor, on the other hand, so muted as to deny recognition to those aspects of his political behaviou which so greatly exercised his contemporaries. In so doing, I will argue that previous studies of Appius' career have sought in the wrong places for an explanation of the political rivalry between him and his opponents and I will offer an interpretation of his censorial acts—and of one of them in particular—which, I believe, may account for this rivalry.
Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities for Low-Beta Particle Accelerators

High-power proton and ion linac projects based on superconducting accelerating cavities are driving a worldwide effort to develop and build superconducting cavities for beta < 1. Laboratories and institutions building quarter-wave, half-wave and single- or multi-spoke cavities continue to advance the state of the art for this class of cavities, and the common notion that low-beta SRF cavities fill a need in niche applications and have low performance is clearly no longer valid. This article reviews recent developments and results for SC cavity performance for cavities with beta up to approximately 0.5. The considerable ongoing effort on reduced beta elliptical cell cavities is not discussed. An overview of associated subsystems required to operate low-beta cavities, including rf power couplers and fast and slow tuners, is presented.
Sex differences in the amplitudes and latencies of the human auditory brain stem potential

Sex differences in the amplitudes and latencies of the auditory brain stem potential (BAEP) were investigated using 3 levels of intensity and 3 stimulus presentation rates. The females displayed consistently larger BAEPs for waves IV, V, VI, VII than the males. The only latency differences which reached significance over all the intensities and rates occurred for wave V. The females showed significantly shorter wave V latencies than the males. Since hearing losses and individually determined click thresholds were comparable between the two groups tested, the exact sources of the uneven distribution of amplitude and latency effects are in question. Differences in the relative distances of the anatomical generators are considered in accounting for the sex differences. Because the precise origin of the sex differences cannot be stated with certainty at this time, attempts to develop normative data for the BAEP should consider the possible influences of sex differences.
Language can boost otherwise unseen objects into visual awareness.

Linguistic labels (e.g., “chair”) seem to activate visual properties of the objects to which they refer. Here we investigated whether language-based activation of visual representations can affect the ability to simply detect the presence of an object. We used continuous flash suppression to suppress visual awareness of familiar objects while they were continuously presented to one eye. Participants made simple detection decisions, indicating whether they saw any image. Hearing a verbal label before the simple detection task changed performance relative to an uninformative cue baseline. Valid labels improved performance relative to no-label baseline trials. Invalid labels decreased performance. Labels affected both sensitivity (d′) and response times. In addition, we found that the effectiveness of labels varied predictably as a function of the match between the shape of the stimulus and the shape denoted by the label. Together, the findings suggest that facilitated detection of invisible objects due to language occurs at a perceptual rather than semantic locus. We hypothesize that when information associated with verbal labels matches stimulus-driven activity, language can provide a boost to perception, propelling an otherwise invisible image into awareness.
Factors Influencing Mate Choice in Euschistus conspersus Uhler (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

The patterns of mating and possible factors influencing mate choice in the consperse stink bug, Euschistus conspersus Uhler, were studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Males were found to transfer a significant percentage of their body mass during the initial mating. Mating was also found to reduce male longevity by 37.8% but had no significant effect on female longevity or fecundity. There was no evidence of male or female choice based on weight of potential mating partners. There was assortative mating based on experience, however, with males mating preferentially with virgin females and females preferring mated males when given the choice. The implications of these findings within the mating dynamics of this aggregating species are discussed.
Improved rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma harzianum by protoplast fusion

Rhizosphere competence enables microorganisms to proliferate and establish in the rhizosphere of the developing plant following seed treatment. Seed treatments with beneficial microorganisms, are an attractive way to apply microbial antagonists, so the ability of such microorganisms to colonize the rhizosphere may be crucial for optimal biological activity. Ideally, a rhizosphere competent strain applied to seeds will colonize the entire root system.
MUSE: MUlti-atlas region Segmentation utilizing Ensembles of registration algorithms and parameters, and locally optimal atlas selection

Atlas-based automated anatomical labeling is a fundamental tool in medical image segmentation, as it defines regions of interest for subsequent analysis of structural and functional image data. The extensive investigation of multi-atlas warping and fusion techniques over the past 5 or more years has clearly demonstrated the advantages of consensus-based segmentation. However, the common approach is to use multiple atlases with a single registration method and parameter set, which is not necessarily optimal for every individual scan, anatomical region, and problem/data-type. Different registration criteria and parameter sets yield different solutions, each providing complementary information. Herein, we present a consensus labeling framework that generates a broad ensemble of labeled atlases in target image space via the use of several warping algorithms, regularization parameters, and atlases. The label fusion integrates two complementary sources of information: a local similarity ranking to select locally optimal atlases and a boundary modulation term to refine the segmentation consistently with the target image's intensity profile. The ensemble approach consistently outperforms segmentations using individual warping methods alone, achieving high accuracy on several benchmark datasets. The MUSE methodology has been used for processing thousands of scans from various datasets, producing robust and consistent results. MUSE is publicly available both as a downloadable software package, and as an application that can be run on the CBICA Image Processing Portal (https://ipp.cbica.upenn.edu), a web based platform for remote processing of medical images.
Mitigation of Methane Selectivity on Pt/KL-Zeolite Aromatization Catalysts by Ag Promotion

Silver addition, in low amounts (0.0054 or 0.013 %), to a 1 %Pt/KL catalysts prepared by a sequential CVD procedure using acetylacetonates resulted in improved benzene selectivity at similar conversion levels compared to the undoped 1 %Pt/KL CVD catalyst. Both hydrogenolysis and aromatization require an ensemble of atoms to constitute the active site, but hydrogenolysis is more structure sensitive. Silver, which is a relatively inert metal catalyst, blocks a fraction of Pt surface sites, lowering the overall n-hexane rate. When added in low levels, silver disrupts to a greater degree the Pt ensembles responsible for hydrogenolysis relative to those required for aromatization. This was confirmed by DRIFTS of adsorbed CO measurements, which showed that higher wavenumber bands attributed to larger Pt ensembles were suppressed to a greater extent relative to lower wavenumber bands (i.e., arising from smaller ensembles).
Recent advances in testing of microsphere drug delivery systems

Introduction: This review discusses advances in the field of microsphere testing.Areas covered: In vitro release-testing methods such as sample and separate, dialysis membrane sacs and USP apparatu...
"Implicit search feature based approach to assist users in exploratory search tasks" by Chathra Hendahewa, with Prateek Jainas as coordinator

Chathra Hendahewa is a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Computer Science at Rutgers University in New Jersey, currently finishing up her dissertation (Expected Graduation Date: Jan 2016) under the guidance of Prof. Chirag Shah. Her major research interests lie in user search behavior analysis, data mining/machine learning for user interaction analysis and time series analysis. She has published and presented her research work at reputable conferences such as SIGIR, WSDM and ICMLA and also co-authored multiple journal papers published in ACM TOIS, IP&M and JASIST.She holds a Master of Science in Computer Science from Rutgers University, USA (Jan 2013). Before joining Rutgers, she received her Bachelors in Information Technology from University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka (Jan 2007), where she was awarded the best information technology graduate award. Chathra was a recipient of the International Fulbright Science and Technology Award (2008-2011) to pursue her doctoral studies. For more information see: http://paul.rutgers.edu/~chathrah/
A Granulomatous Lesion of Mouse Embryomas Produced by Mycobacterium Leprae

When a parasite such as Mycobacterium leprae has resisted all efforts at cultivation it is obvious that its growth requirements are not easily duplicated experimentally. A number of workers have speculated that physical conditions of temperature or light may play a role. Another idea is that a substance or group of substances is absent in experimental procedures but present in the susceptible host. Inhibiting factors which limit multiplication may also be present or soon arise in experimental procedures. Most of the known vitamins, trace elements, and growth factors have been incorporated into media of divers sorts without positive results (Hanks, 1941). Detoxifying systems, ranging from kiesulguhr and activated charcoal to serum fractions, chelating agents, and ion exchange resins have been tried but did not permit cultivation of M. leprae. The failures of nonviable substrates to support the growth and multiplication of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium have prompted investigations of the use of tissue and cell cultures in various
A Theorem on Partitions of the Set of Positive Integers

(1940). A Theorem on Partitions of the Set of Positive Integers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 152-154.
Abstract 2012: Off-target drug effects due to retroactivity in signaling pathways

A majority of targeted cancer therapeutics involve the specific inhibition of a molecular target in a signal transduction pathway. It is well known that targeted therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, may have effects on pathways other than those specifically targeted, whether by non-specific interactions or by indirect pathway cross-talk effects. The simplest view of signal transduction entails a cascade of molecular events initiated by the recognition of a stimulus and culminating in the chemical alteration of an effector molecule. We have recently shown that cascades can exhibit bidirectional signal propagation without the addition of regulatory feedback connections via a phenomenon termed retroactivity. Thus, retroactivity represents another potential source of off-target effects in signaling cascades. We have extended our previous work to a computational model which allows us to characterize the significance of the upstream off-target effect via retroactivity with a series of simple signaling networks using physiologically relevant parameters values. We aim to understand the dynamics of cancer signaling by integrating systems biology based models of signaling dynamics into our experimental investigations of breast cancer with the intent of both directing experiments and making predictions. One of the signaling networks we studied takes the form of two independent signaling cascades which have no regulatory feedback connections but are activated by the same upstream kinase. Our results suggest that under physiologically relevant conditions the application of an inhibitor near the bottom of one cascade can produce a significant change in concentration of a protein in the other cascade, even without a regulatory feedback connection between the two cascades. Developing a deeper understanding of bidirectional signal propagation in signal transduction pathways will be vitally important in the effort to develop safer and more effective targeted cancer therapies. Our modeling results challenge the notion that information in cascades only flows in the cell surface-to-nucleus direction and suggests that a perturbation applied within a cascade can produce both an upstream and a downstream effect. The notion of an upstream off-target effect is completely novel and may have significant implications if the perturbation takes the form of an inhibitory therapeutic drug. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2012.
An Analytical Solution to the Problem of Convection, Diffusion of Multi-phase Gases with Gas-Solid Reaction

The gas-solid reaction aA(g)+bB(s)=cC(g)+dD(s) taking place in packed bed is studied.Convection-reaction-diffusion equations for gaseous reactant and gas product are presented and solved analytically.Case computation shows that the radius of pellet affects concentration of gases considerably,and the effect can be measured by Thiele module.Since Thiele module is proportional to L~2 and Peclet module is proportional to L,the length of reactor itself is an important factor to affect the reaction and conversion.The overall rate of REV has greater influence on the reaction and conversion that take place in packed bed than that of convection.Therefore it is important to give the exact reaction term.
Catholic social teachings and American health care.

(1991). Catholic Social Teachings and American Health Care. The Linacre Quarterly: Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 70-78.
Hanson on the Nature of a Scientific Theory

Probably the two foremost philosophers Hanson had in mind when he formulated his gestalt approach to theories were Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein. One of Kant’s major concerns was the nature of experience, in particular, describing the role the mind played in the having of experience. Contrary to his empiricist predecessors (Locke, Berkeley and Hume), who believed that experience consisted simply in having sense impressions (or sense data) which were organised by the mechanism of association, Kant maintained that this was not enough, that the mind plays a much more active role by synthesising or putting together these disjointed, unrelated elements of experience to form a unified whole.1 Here we have the beginning of the gestalt approach to perception which Hanson eagerly takes up in the case of scientific observation and where synthesis is an essential ingredient of experience. How does the mind organise its contents? By the application of concepts. This is beautifully summed up in Kant’s famous dictum that ‘concepts without percepts are empty; percepts without concepts are blind’.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 22-2016. A 65-Year-Old Man with Syncope, Dyspnea, and Leg Edema.

A 65-year-old man presented with syncope. One month earlier, cough, dyspnea, and leg edema had developed. Imaging studies of the chest revealed lymphadenopathy, and an echocardiogram showed hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Troxel v. Granville : A Missed Opportunity to Elucidate Children's Rights

matter that in some sense the child is always harmed if his or her best interests are not considered . I..." d. (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 266. Id. at 2077 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 267. Id. (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 268. Id. (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 269. Id. (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 270. Id. at 2079 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). Justice Kennedy declared that the best interests of the child standard has been recognized for many years in visitation proceedings and therefore courts should not be so quick to reject it, but should consider it as the Washington court did. Id. at 2078 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). The Justice noted that all fifty states have enacted visitation statutes and all except one of these statutes permit visitation to be granted in some circumstances if it is found to be in the best interests of the child. Id. at 2079 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). Justice Kennedy stated that only Georgia has adopted a general harm to the child standard and it did so only after its prior visitation statute was invalidated under the United States and Georgia Constitutions. Id. at 2078 (Kennedy, J., dissenting); see also Savage, supra note 25, at 38 (stating that all states except Georgia have visitation laws that permit the court to authorize visitation if the judge thinks it is in the best interests of the child); supra notes 155-57 and accompanying text (discussing the Georgia case that struck the grandparent visitation statute down as unconstitutional). 271. Troxel, 120 S. Ct. at 2078 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 272. Id. (Kennedy, J., dissenting). 273. Id. at 2079 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). "[A] fit parent's right vis-a-vis a complete stranger 2001] Loyola University Chicago Law Journal these factors, Justice Kennedy concluded that the holding of the state supreme court that the application of the best interests of the child standard is always unconstitutional in third-party visitation cases should have been reversed, the judgment should have been vacated, and the case should have been remanded.274
Heidegger’s “The Origin of the Work of Art” and the Phenomenology of Meter

Very little has been written about the phenomenological view of meter. This may, in part, be so because Martin Heidegger, one of the first major figures in phenomenology who had a great deal to say about poetry, discouraged any inquiry into technique. In “The Origin of the Work of Art,” Heidegger decries the “usual and convincing” reference “to the Greek practice of naming craft and art by the same term, techne.”1 The term “techne signifies neither craft nor art, and not at all the technical in our present-day sense; it never means any kind of practical performance”2 The word techne, Heidegger continues, “denotes rather a mode of knowing. To know means to have seen, in the widest sense of seeing, which means to apprehend what is present, as such ” 3 In going on to define the creative act/work of art as “a way in which truth becomes and happens,” Heidegger apparently implicitly relegates elements such as meter, as a matter of technique in the modern sense, to the superficial.
Resilience in the context of fragility: Development of a multidimensional measure of child wellbeing within the Fragile Families dataset

Abstract This study sought to empirically develop a theoretically grounded multidimensional measure of child wellbeing (CWB) for research with at-risk families. The World Health Organization and UNICEF call for a multidimensional construct of child wellbeing, incorporating factors known to impact wellbeing (e.g., access to healthcare, childhood maltreatment, the incarceration of one's primary caregiver). We analyzed data from the Fragile Families study in two separate steps: 1) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted at each time point utilizing theoretically grounded multidimensional indicator of wellbeing available in the dataset, and 2) two-sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs, by sex and race/ethnicity, were conducted at each time point examining potential variation in wellbeing. The current measure of CWB included the following domains: material wellbeing, relationships, health and behavioral wellbeing, and environmental enrichment. CFA results revealed acceptable to excellent fit based on multiple fit indices (e.g., CFI, RMSEA). Our CWB measure did not significantly vary by sex but did differ by race at each wave. Non-Hispanic white participants consistently demonstrated the highest CWB, while non-Hispanic black children consistently demonstrated the lowest CWB. This study resulted in the creation a new multidimensional measure of CWB not previously available in the Fragile Families data. The measure developed in this study will allow prevention scientists to further examine the myriad of factors related to child wellbeing in this robust national dataset.