cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of Material Flow During Friction Stir Welding of AA5059 Aluminum Alloys

Workpiece material flow and stirring/mixing during the friction stir welding (FSW) process are investigated computationally. Within the numerical model of the FSW process, the FSW tool is treated as a Lagrangian component while the workpiece material is treated as an Eulerian component. The employed coupled Eulerian/Lagrangian computational analysis of the welding process was of a two-way thermo-mechanical character (i.e., frictional-sliding/plastic-work dissipation is taken to act as a heat source in the thermal-energy balance equation) while temperature is allowed to affect mechanical aspects of the model through temperature-dependent material properties. The workpiece material (AA5059, solid-solution strengthened and strain-hardened aluminum alloy) is represented using a modified version of the classical Johnson-Cook model (within which the strain-hardening term is augmented to take into account for the effect of dynamic recrystallization) while the FSW tool material (AISI H13 tool steel) is modeled as an isotropic linear-elastic material. Within the analysis, the effects of some of the FSW key process parameters are investigated (e.g., weld pitch, tool tilt-angle, and the tool pin-size). The results pertaining to the material flow during FSW are compared with their experimental counterparts. It is found that, for the most part, experimentally observed material-flow characteristics are reproduced within the current FSW-process model.
Integral Expression for Asymptotic Normalization of a Bound-State Wave Function and Application to an Expansion Method

A simple integral expression for the asymptotic normalization coefficient of a bound-state wave function is presented. Correspondingly, a method for correcting wave functions computed by expansion in oscillator wave functions is described. (auth)
African American males’ civic engagement: The importance of social organization involvement and friendship diversity

Using an ecological framework this study examines the relationships of micro- (personal characteristics and community commitment), mezzo-(trust and social network) and macro-level factors (social organization involvement and faith-based capital) and civic engagement, in a sample of African Americans males. Two research questions were examined: When micro-level factors are controlled for are macro- and mezzo- level factors predictive of civic engagement (i.e., civic activity behavior and charitable behavior)? What is the relative contribution of faith-based social capital and social organization involvement to civic engagement? African American male participants in the 2000 Social Capital Benchamark Survey provided the data for this study (Saguaro Seminar, 2001). Hierarchical Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to address the study’s research questions. The findings highlight the importance of social organization involvement and the diversity of African American men’s individual’s social networks as predictors of their civic engagement.
On-farm effects of no-till versus occasional tillage on soil quality and crop yields in eastern Ohio

Contrary to earlier studies, this study suggests that even one year of tillage within a long-term no-till agroecosystem adversely affected the soil quality, with possible negative impact on crop yields. Worldwide interest in conservation tillage is increasing, because conventional tillage adversely impacts the long-term quality of the soil and its vulnerability to erosion. No-till agriculture minimizes adverse impacts of an intensive arable land use. In some cases, occasional tillage is used as a means of weed or pathogen control. Therefore, this study was conducted in eastern Ohio to examine soil quality as affected by occasional tillage, i.e. disk plowed every 3–4 years, within a long-term no-till agroecosystem. The study compared the soil characteristics between two fields, both under corn (Zea mays L.) at the time of the study. Soil properties were studied for three depths of 0–6, 6–12, and 12–18 cm. Compared with the continuous no-till field, the field under occasional tillage had significantly higher bulk density of 1.45 versus 1.31 g cm−3, and somewhat higher soil penetration resistance of 1.77 versus 1.56 MPa. Also, compared with the no-till field, the field under occasional tillage had significantly lower water stable aggregate of 475 versus 834 g kg−1, mean weight diameter of 1.4 versus 3.4 mm, field moisture capacity of 293 versus 360 g kg−1, equilibrium infiltration rate of 2.0 versus 6.7 mm min−1, and cumulative infiltration of 353.4 versus 1,211.8 mm. The field under occasional tillage had somewhat lower soil organic carbon of 16.0 versus 19.2 g kg−1, soil water sorptivity of 16.3 versus 36.5 mm min−0.5, and transmissivity of 2.1 versus 4.9 mm min−1. The occasional tillage had no effect on the soil shear strength. In general, the effect of tillage on soil properties decreased with increase in soil depth. Also corn yields were compared between the two agroecosystems. Compared with the no-till field, the field under occasional tillage had significantly lower grain moisture content of 22.4 versus 28.2%, and somewhat lower wet stover biomass of 14.6 versus 20.2 Mg ha−1, wet corn ear yield of 10.0 versus 11.4 Mg ha−1, and dry grain yield of 8.2 versus 9.4 Mg ha−1. As contrasted with earlier studies which were conducted under controlled research plots, this study was conducted under on-farm conditions.
John Stuart Mill's the subjection of women: The foundations of liberal feminism

(1992). John Stuart Mill's the subjection of women: The foundations of liberal feminism. History of European Ideas: Vol. 15, No. 4-6, pp. 681-686.
Effect of the aminosteroid U73122 on prostaglandin E2 production in a murine clonal osteoblast-like cell line, MC3T3-E1

Abstract Prostaglandin E 2 production stimulated by various agents (arachidonic acid, prostaglandin F 2α , ionomycin, the calcium ionophore A23187, and melittin) was investigated after pretreatment of murine osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells with the putative phospholipase C blocker, U73122. The aminosteroid dose dependently inhibited prostaglandin E 2 production induced by all agonists, except arachidonic acid. The results suggest an inhibitory role of U73122 on phospholipase A 2 activity or activation.
What Does Sustainability Mean to City Officials

Sustainability has become a popular concept influencing the work of community and economic development officials in city governments. However, the term sustainability lacks conceptual clarity, and ...
Semigroup identities and proofs

Tamura proved that for any semigroup word U(x, y), if every group satisfying an identity of the form yx ~ xU(x, y)y is abelian, then so is every semigroup that satisfies that identity. Because a group has an identity element and the cancellation property, it is easier to show that a group is abelian than that a semigroup is. If we know that it is, then there must be a sequence of substitutions using xU(x, y)y ~ yx that transforms xy to yx. We examine such sequences and propose finding them as a challenge to proof by computer.
Lateral phase separations and perpendicular transport in membranes

Abstract A valinomycin-mediated potassium conductivity has been studied using a glass U-tube in which two aqueous compartments are separated by a fritted glass filter impregnated with valinomycin and one or more pure phospholipids. This system can be used to detect the beginning and end of lateral phase separations in binary lipid mixtures, and also demonstrates a pronounced maximum in electrical conductivity of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine at the transition temperature, 41°C.
A novel eddy current compensation scheme for pulsed gradient systems

We describe a modified pre-emphasis network that uses a number of fixed time constants, only whose amplitudes are adjustable. In comparison with variable time constant pre-emphasis networks we have used, the fixed time constant network is more effective and easier to set on the fly. We have further developed a method to set the fixed time constant network mathematically using a linear least squares technique.
Induction of Tsh Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulins with the Extracellular Domain of Human Thyrotropin Receptor Produced Using Baculovirus Expression System

A cDNA encoding the extracellular domain of human TSHr (ETSHr) was expressed in large quantities using the baculovirus expression system. Maximum level of protein was produced at 60 hr post-infection and represented approximately 20% of the total cellular protein. The identity of the protein as ETSHr was confirmed by Western blot using antibodies to synthetic peptides derived from the TSHr. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 50 kDa and is larger than the predicted size of 44 ma, suggesting that the protein is glycosylated. Polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against gel purified ETSHr blocked the binding of 125I-TSH to native TSHr in solubilized porcine thyroid membranes in a radioreceptor assay. The availability of this antigenically active protein will facilitate further characterization of the protein and analysis of immune response against TSHr in experimental animals as well as in patients with autoimmune Graves' disease.
Prone positioning reduces mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome in the low tidal volume era: a meta-analysis.

Purpose Prone positioning for ARDS has been performed for decades without definitive evidence of clinical benefit. A recent multicenter trial demonstrated for the first time significantly reduced mortality with prone positioning. This meta-analysis was performed to integrate these findings with existing literature and test whether differences in tidal volume explain conflicting results among randomized trials.
Effects of commercial in ovo injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on bone development and mineralization in male and female broilers

Improved bone development and mineralization in broilers have been attributed to the use of 25-hydroxylcholecalceiferol [25(OH)D3] as a dietary supplement. In this study, effects of the in ovo injection of 25(OH)D3 delivered in commercial diluent on 18 d of incubation (doi) on subsequent bone development and mineralization in male and female Ross × Ross 708 broilers were investigated. The variables investigated included bone mineral density and breaking strength, bone ash concentration, and calcium and phosphorus bone ash concentrations. In a single-stage incubator, with 6 treatments on each of the 10 tray levels, a total of 2,400 experimental broiler hatching eggs were evenly and randomly set. Eggs were treatment-injected and transferred to corresponding hatching baskets on 18 doi. Experimental treatment groups were those that received 0.2, 0.6, 1.8, or 5.4 µg of 25(OH)D3 that were delivered in 100 µL of commercial diluent. Noninjected and diluent-injected controls were also included. On 21 doi, chicks were pulled and placed in corresponding floor pens, and on each of d 0, 14, and 28 posthatch (poh), 2 birds of each sex from each pen were randomly selected for necropsy and extraction of both of their tibia bones. Bones from the right leg were subjected to mineral density analysis and those from the left leg were used to determine breaking strength and residual bone ash concentration. Furthermore, ash calcium and phosphorus concentrations on d 14 and 28 poh were determined. There was a treatment × sex × age interaction for bone breaking strength. Bone breaking strength in male birds on d 28 poh was higher in the 0.20, 0.60, and 1.80 µg of 25(OH)D3-injected treatment groups than in the diluent-injected control group. In conclusion, although the in ovo injection of 25(OH)D3 had no positive effect on the bone development of Ross × Ross 708 broilers through d 28 poh compared with noninjected controls, it may provide a benefit to those subjected to an injection of commercial vaccine diluent.
Resistance training improves strength and functional measures in patients with end-stage renal disease

Abstract Background: The current study was designed to examine the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on strength and functional ability in 10 medically stable hemodialysis patients (age, 42.8 ± 4.4 years). Methods: Subjects were tested on four separate occasions, each separated by 6 weeks. The first (T1) and second tests (T2) were controls with no exercise intervention between them. T3 followed 6 weeks of resistance training, and T4 occurred after 12 weeks of training. Variables tested included percentage of body fat, distance covered in the 6-minute walk test, peak torque of quadriceps muscles of the dominant leg, maximal handgrip strength, normal and maximal walking speeds, and time to complete 10 repetitions of the sit-to-stand-to-sit test. Data were analyzed by means of a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance procedure. Results: Results indicate that after 12 weeks of training, there was a significant ( P P P Conclusion: Resistance training can be used safely to increase strength and functional capacity in stable hemodialysis patients. © 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Management of low-output pancreatic fistulas with fibrin glue.

Abstract Background Despite advances in surgical, endoscopic, and percutaneous therapeutic techniques, pancreatic fistulas remain a source of significant morbidity and long-term patient discomfort. The intraoperative use of fibrin sealant has been used prophylactically to prevent formation of fistula. We recognized the potential use of fibrin glue as a therapeutic modality for successful resolution of low-output pancreatic fistulas. Methods Three patients with low ( Results All 3 patients underwent successful fibrin glue injection without procedural complication. All fistula output stopped, and the 3 patients remained asymptomatic at 1 year. Conclusions Fibrin glue inserted with image-guided catheter delivery systems may be a useful option in selected patients with low-output pancreatic fistulas.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalized children in the United States.

AbstractObjective:To investigate the epidemiology of GI bleeding in hospitalized children in the United States.Methods:Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality for the year 2009. The data were weighted to generate national-level estimates.Results:There were 23,383 pediatric discharges with a diagnosis of GI bleeding accounting for 0.5% of all discharges. Children with a GI bleed compared to those without were more likely to be male (54.5% vs. 45.8%; P < 0.001), older (children ≥11 years; 50.8% vs. 38.7%; P < 0.001), and admitted to a teaching hospital (70.5% vs. 56.4%; P < 0.001). Children 11–15 years of age had the highest incidence of GI bleeding (84.2 per 10,000 discharges) and children less than 1 year of age the lowest (24.4 per 10,000 discharges). The highest incidence of GI bleeding was attributable to cases coded as blood in stool (17.6 per 10,000 discharges) followed by hematemesis (11.2 per 10,000 dis...
Population Growth and Agricultural Employment in Latin America, with Some U.S. Comparisons

Policy makers usually assume that the industrial sector will expeditiously absorb the growth of the labor force. But urbanization in Latin America is so far ahead of industrialization that continued advocacy of the type of agricultural modernization that encourages speedy off‐farm migration may merely add to urban unrest. The hacienda system seems to be near the root of the problem and it has an institutional parallel in the sharecropper South of the United States. The campesino and the cropper are, in some sense, analogous; and evidence is presented to show that latifundia‐type farming systems are not as able as family farms to (1) provide security of employment or adequate income necessary to keep workers in farming until a late enough stage of development, and (2) support an educational system that is capable of developing the skills needed for urban employment or for upgrading the rural labor force. The seriousness of the current movement to the cities in Latin America is accentuated since slums—the outward manifestation of underemployment and idleness —are growing faster than ours ever did. An agrarian reform policy of “contrived dualism” is briefly outlined; it may be the most inexpensive way to provide employment and increase effective demand, thus “buying time” for the industrial sector to catch up.
901-23 Atrial Synchronous Versus AV Sequential Pacing for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

Dual chamber (DC) pacing has proven effective in reducing the left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) in most patients (pts) with HOCM refractory to drug therapy. However, optimal pacemaker (PM) programming including pacing mode and atrioventricular delay (AVD) has not been established. Accordingly, we performed continuous-wave transthoracic Doppler echocardiography on 7 pts with DC PMs (5 male, 2 female, mean age 64.7 ± 12.7 yearsl with HOCM and a resting peak LVOTG exceeding 25 mmHg to evaluate the effects on peak LVOTG of atrial synchronous pacing (VDD) and AV sequential pacing (DDD) at 10 bpm above sinus rhythm while varying the AVD in steps of 20 msec to a minimum of 40 msec Download high-res image (77KB) Download full-size image Conclusions 1) At AVD of 100 to 140 msec, DDD pacing significantly reduced the peak LVOTG while VDD pacing did not. 2) At AVD less than 100 msec, VDD pacing significantly reduced peak LVOTG only at AVD of 40 msec, while DDD pacing at 10 bpm above sinus rhythm reduced peak LVOTG at all AVD used. Therefore PMs which have the capabilityto program different AVD for VDD and DDD modes and that provide programmable AVDs less than 60 msec are optimal for HOCM pts.
Gluconeogenesis From Amino Acids In VLBW Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition • 1575

Gluconeogenesis From Amino Acids In VLBW Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition • 1575
Exploring the Impact of American News Coverage on Crisis Fundraising: Using Media Theory to Explicate a New Model of Fundraising Communication

A common tenet of fundraising centers on the connection between donors and specific programs in their communities, where they can see the impact of their donations. However, crisis fundraising runs counter to this model, as individuals donate to provide relief assistance to others throughout the world. This study analyzes the American public's charitable giving in response to the December 2004 Asian tsunami in relation to American media coverage. Analysis of the fundraising totals collected daily by the Center of Philanthropy at Indiana University and archived transcripts of news broadcasts revealed that media coverage does impact traditional giving directly to nonprofit organizations as well as e-philanthropy through third-party outlets, such as Amazon.com and eBay auctions. Based on these findings, the researchers propose a new mediated-crisis model of fundraising that encourages organizations to be proactive in media relations efforts during crisis situations to present the organization's efforts and s...
Identification of early transcriptome signatures in placenta exposed to insulin and obesity

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin on human placental transcriptome and biological processes in first-trimester pregnancy. Study Design Maternal plasma and placenta villous tissue were obtained at the time of voluntary termination of pregnancy (7-12 weeks) from 17 lean (body mass index, 20.9 ± 1.5 kg/m 2 ) and 18 obese (body mass index, 33.5 ± 2.6 kg/m 2 ) women. Trophoblast cells were immediately isolated for in vitro treatment with insulin or vehicle. Patterns of global gene expression were analyzed using genome microarray profiling after hybridization to Human Gene 1.1 ST and real time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results The global trophoblast transcriptome was qualitatively separated in insulin-treated vs untreated trophoblasts of lean women. The number of insulin-sensitive genes detected in the trophoblasts of lean women was 2875 ( P Conclusion We report for the first time that human trophoblast cells are highly sensitive to insulin regulation in early gestation. Maternal obesity associated with insulin resistance programs the placental transcriptome toward refractoriness to insulin with potential adverse consequences for placental structure and function.
Bulldozing and resuspension of shallow-shelf sediment by ice keels: Implications for Arctic sediment transport trajectories

Abstract The orientations and termination directions of newly formed ice gouges, identified in a 5-year study of two offshore corridors in eastern Harrison Bay, Alasaka, indicate a bimodal distribution of sediment transport directions: west-southwest and southeast, due to ice-keel bulldozing. The westerly sediment transport results from the dominant westward drift of sea ice and ocean currents, whereas the southeasterly transport results from episodic fall storms with winds from the northwest. Transport associated with ice gouging occurs by bulldozing and by resuspension during the bulldozing processes. Fine-grained ( μ m) sediment transport may also involve transport of resuspended sediment by intensified currents found near the grounded floes, leaving behind a lag of coarser sediments. In Harrison Bay, about 6000 m 3 of sediment is reworked each year by ice gouging for every square kilometer of the seafloor between water depths of 5 and 18 m. Over 50% of this sediment is moved onshore to the southeast, whereas 35% is moved alongshore to the west. The actual distance of sediment transport is dependent upon the grain size of the seafloor sediment. Coarse-grained material (> 63 μ m) is bulldozed as far as 7 m in the direction of ice movement, whereas sediment finer than 63 μm may be transported by intensified bottom currents up to 80 times this distance.
New concepts in revascularization of the myocardium

Abstract The concept of direct revascularization of ischemic myocardium by transmural left ventricular conduits have been investigated by several researchers. Early success was followed by closure of the pathways by fibrosis and scarring caused by mechanical trauma. The CO 2 laser was examined as an alternative method of creating channels. Early experiments supported the hypothesis that laser channels would perfuse ischemic areas and would remain patent. Histological examination showed patent, endothelialized channels more than 2 years following operation in the experimental model. A clinical protocol was designed to assess the results of laser revascularization in a series of 12 patients. Patients selected were candidates for bypass grafting, but because of the coronary artery pathology involved, it was thought bypass grafting alone would result in incomplete revascularization. None of the 12 patients have died. Follow-up ranges from 3 to 32 months. Postoperative thallium stress tests and left ventriculography indicate that channels have remained patent and that they perfuse the myocardium. Direct laser revascularization of the myocardium may offer a viable adjunct in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Hydrologic response to extreme warm and cold summers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica

The meteorological characteristics and hydrological response of an extreme warm, and cold summer in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are compared. The driver behind the warmer summer conditions was the occurrence of down-valley winds, which were not present during the colder summer. Occurrence of the summer down-valley winds coincided with lower than typical mean sea level pressure in the Ross Sea region. There was no significant difference in the amount of solar radiation received during the two summers. Compared to the cold summer, glaciological and hydrological response to the warm summer in Taylor Valley included significant glacier mass loss, and 3- to nearly 6000-fold increase in annual streamflow. Lake levels decreased slightly during the cold summer, and increased between 0.54 and 1.01 m during the warm summer, effectively erasing the prior 14 years of lake level lowering in a period of three months. Lake level rise during the warm summer was shown to be strongly associated with and increase in degree days above freezing at higher elevations. We suggest that strong summer down-valley winds may have been responsible for the generation of large glacial lakes during the Last Glacial Maximum when ice core records recorded annual temperatures significantly colder than present.
Thermal application reduces the duration of stage transition in dysphagia after stroke

The present study had two purposes. The first was to provide variability data on objectively measured durational parameters of swallowing as accomplished by dysphagic patients secondary to stroke. The second was to examine the short-term effects of thermal application on these same durational measures. The study employed a cross-over design with each dysphagic stroke subject swallowing 10 times in both untreated and treated conditions. Two findings emerged: (1) swallowing durations in the 22 dysphagic stroke subjects were highly variable within and across subjects and have distributions that were nonnormal with nonhomogeneous variances; (2) thermal application reduced duration of stage transition (DST) and total swallow duration (TSD). Implications of these findings are discussed.
Water corrosion measurements on tungsten irradiated with high energy protons and spallation neutrons

Abstract A detailed analysis was performed on the degradation of a tungsten target under water cooling while being exposed to a 761 MeV proton beam at an average current of 0.867 mA to a maximum fluence of 1.3 × 10 21 protons/cm 2 . The target consisted of 3 mm diameter tungsten rods arranged in bundles and cooled with deionized water flowing over their length. Degradation of the tungsten was measured through analyzing water resistivity, tungsten concentration in water samples that were taken during irradiation and through dimensional measurements on the rods after irradiation. Chemical analysis of irradiated water samples showed W concentrations up to 35 μg/ml. Gamma analysis showed increases in concentrations of many isotopes including W-178, Lu-171, Tm-167, Tm-166, Yb-169 and Hf-175. Dimensional measurements performed after irradiation on the W rods revealed a decrease in diameter as a function of position that followed closely the Gaussian proton beam profile along the rod length and indicated a definite beam-effect. A general decrease in diameter, especially on the coolant-water entrance point where turbulent flow was likely, also suggests a chemically and mechanically-driven corrosion effect. A method to estimate the apparent corrosion rate based on proton fluence is presented and application of this method estimates the material loss rate at about 1.9 W atoms/incident proton. From this result, the corrosion rate of tungsten in a 761 MeV, 0.867 mA proton beam was calculated to be 0.073 cm/full power year. of irradiation.
Dose, time and route dependency of the induction of rat hepatic ornithine decarboxylase by 12-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.

ABSTRACTOrnithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the rate limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was determined after 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The extent of induction depended on the dose, exposure, time and route of administration. The most effective dose for ODC induction by the intraperitoneal route was 40 ug TPA/kg which caused 3-5 fold ODC induction. Maximal ODC induction occurred in a narrow time band 5 hours after TPA administration. TPA had no adverse effects on hepatic DNA (measured by alkaline elution), cytochrome P-450 content and reduced glutathione content or serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) activity.
Changes in cell surface antigens during in vitro lizard myogenesis

Indirect immunofluorescence has been used to examine surface antigens of lizard myogenic cells during in vitro differentiation. At least two developmental stage-specific surface alterations have been identified. One of these is a compositional change and involves the appearance of a cell-surface antigen(s) as the cells differentiate. This antigen(s) (Ag1422) is muscle specific and is characteristic of some rounded-up G0 myosin-positive myocytes, all stretched-back, G0 myosin-positive myocytes, and all identifiable myotubes. The antigen is not found on proliferating myoblasts, extended G1 (myosin-negative) cell-cycle-competent myoblasts or newly differentiated rounded-up, G0 myosin-positive myocytes. Pretreatment of cells with neuraminidase, trypsin, or proteinase K indicates the antigen is not present in “masked” form on normally nonreactive cells. Proteinase K is effective in the removal or destruction of the antigen, indicating it is at least partially protein in nature. The antigen is expressed in a similar developmental stage-specific fashion on early-passage myogenic cells taken from both adult lizard tail regenerates and embryonic muscle. The antibodies identifying Ag1422 can be removed by adsorption with homogenates of mature skeletal muscle. Therefore, Ag1422 is not an artifact due to in vitro conditions or the expression of a transformation antigen unique to the continuous culture line. The second alteration is an apparent restriction in the mobility of surface components (antigens and lectin receptors). Upon treatment with multivalent ligands, undifferentiated myosin-negative myoblasts exhibit rapid patching and capping of cell surface components while well-differentiated myocytes and myotubes do not. This mobility restriction is evident after the appearance of Ag1422. Treatment with cytochalasin B (15 μg/ml) and/or colchcine (100 μM) does not alter the restricted mobility of surface components seen on differentiated cells. Therefore, neither microfilaments nor microtubules seem to be involved in the mobility restriction. These observations are discussed in relation to current views of myogenesis.
Rate enhancements in the four-electron reduction of O2 by mixtures of vanadium(III) Schiff base complexes and decamethylferrocene in acetonitrile

Abstract The otherwise slow reaction between O2 and decamethylferrocene (DMFc) or (SB)VIII+ (SB=Schiff base ligand) is significantly accelerated if all three reactants are present. In the absence of acid the reduction of O2 proceeds stoichiometrically to yield the two oxo groups in (SB)VIVO. In the presence of acid the reaction becomes catalytic and the O2 is reduced to H2O. In the presence of excess O2 the catalytic reaction ceases only when the supply of DMFc or acid is depleted. Investigation of the kinetics of the O2 reduction processes led to a reaction scheme that accounts for much but not all of the kinetic data.
Teaching Controversial Topics: Iconography and the Confederate Battle Flag in the South

Abstract This article examines various strategies for teaching controversial topics. As a case study, I present examples from my experience teaching about the cultural/political geographic concept of iconography in southern classrooms using as an example recent debates over whether governments in the region should sanction the flying of the Confederate battle flag. First, I discuss the recent literature on the teaching of controversial issues. Second, I examine the concept of iconography and the debates over flying the flag. Third, I present different strategies that can be used to approach this controversial icon in a classroom setting. I conclude by arguing that there is no perfect solution to the teaching of controversial topics that will succeed for every topic, irrespective of time and place.
Nutrient control of cardiac rate in the infant rat: Alpha-adrenergic mechanisms

Changes in level of nutrient intake have been shown to exert a major influence on beta-adrenergic cardiac activity in 2 week old suckling rats. A series of experiments demonstrates that the alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor system is functional by 2 weeks postnatal age, and that alpha-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzomine (PBZ) does not affect the high heart rates of well-fed pups but prevents development of the bradycardia after cessation of suckling and fully reverses the low heart rates of nutrient-deprived pups in a dose-dependent manner. This last effect is dependent upon beta-adrenergic reflex cardiac pathways. After PBZ, milk feeding no longer produces cardiac acceleration in nutrient-deprived pups. Systolic and mean arterial pressure during PBZ administration and estimates of plasma volume change during nutrient deprivation are consistent with the inference that changes in peripheral resistance, mediated by the alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor system, accompany nutrient regulation of cardiac rate in the suckling rat.
Preparation and properties of cerium (IV) peroxy acetate

Abstract Cerium (IV) peroxy acetate, Ce 2 (O 2 ) 3 (C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 , was precipitated from an aqueous solution containing acetic acid, sodium acetate, cerium (III) nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide. The compound was unstable and decomposed from an original ratio of 1·5 peroxide groups per cerium atom to a ratio of 0·75 in 69 hr.
Reassessing Autonomy in Long‐Term Care

The realities of long-term care call for a refurbished, concrete concept of autonomy that systematically attends to the history and development of persons and takes account of the experiences of daily living.
Observation of Ligand Binding to Cytochrome P450 BM-3 by Means of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

A broad understanding of the binding modes of ligands and inhibitors to cytochrome P450 is vital for the development of new drugs. We investigated ligand binding in a site-specific fashion on cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium, a 119 kDa paramagnetic enzyme, using solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Selective labeling and longitudinal relaxation effects were utilized to identify the peaks in a site-specific fashion and to provide evidence for binding. Well-resolved one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectra of cytochrome P450 BM-3 reveal shifts upon binding of its substrate, N-palmitoylglycine. These data are consistent with the crystallographic result that a biochemically important amino acid residue, Phe87, moves upon ligation. This experimental scheme provides a tool for probing ligand binding for complex systems.
Thiamine triphosphate deficiency in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy

Extracts of tissue fluids from a patient with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy inhibit thiamine pyrophosphate-adenosine triphosphate phosphotransferase of rat brain. Brain tissue from the patient, in contrast to normal brain tissue, contained essentially no thiamine triphosphate, although thiamine and its other phosphate esters were present in normal concentrations. These findings suggest a relation between this disease and thiamine triphosphate.
Microscopic modeling of immiscible fluids in three dimensions by a lattice Boltzmann method

We introduce a lattice Boltzmann model for the simulation of two immiscible fluids in three dimensions. The model is an extension of ideas used in the construction of a previous two-dimensional immiscible lattice Boltzmann model. We derive a theoretical value of the surface tension from consideration of the microscopic collision rules and verify this value with measurements from simulations.
Signal duration and choosing between signaled and unsignaled reward

The effects of signal duration when choosing between signaled and unsignaled response-independent reinforcers were examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, albino rats were given a choice between signaled and unsignaled food delivered on variable-time 60-sec schedules using a 20-sec signal. All subjects preferred the signaled schedule at a level comparable to that reported in an earlier study using a 5-sec signal. Experiment 2 presented six rats with a direct choice between a 5-sec and a 20-sec signal condition, and three rats with a choice between a 1.5-sec and a 5-sec signal duration. Subjects preferred the 20-sec signal over the 5-sec signal, but no pReference was found with the 1.5-sec vs. a 5-sec signal. Current theoretical views, such as delay reduction and behavioral competition, are considered.
Thucydides as Prospect Theorist

Opposing the tendency to read Thucydides as a strong realist, committed to a theory of behavior that assumes rationality as expected utility maximization, Ned Lebow and Clifford Orwin (among others) emphasize Thucydides’ attentiveness to deviations from rationality by individuals and states. This paper argues that Thucydides grasped the principles underlying contemporary prospect theory, which explains why people over-weight potential losses. Thucydides offers salient examples of excessive risk-aversion and excessive risk-seeking by decision-makers variously faced with high or low probabilities of losses or gains. Thucydides shows that leaders’ rhetoric can limit or exacerbate the political effects of bias in risk assessment.
A heuristic approach to n/m job shop scheduling: Fuzzy dynamic scheduling algorithms

Abstract n/m shop scheduling is a ‘ NP-Hard’ problem. Using conventional heuristic algorithms ( priority rules) only, it is almost impossible to achieve an optimal solution. Research has been carried out to improve the heuristic algorithms to give a near-optimal solution. This paper advocates a fuzzy logic based, dynamic scheduling algoridim aimed at achieving this goal. The concept of new membership functions is discussed in die algorithm as a link to connect several priority rules. The constraints to determine the membership function of jobs for a particular priority rule are established, and three membership functions are developed. In order to decide the weight vector of priority rules, an aggregate performance measure is suggested. The methodology for constructing the weight vector is discussed in detail. Experiments have been carried out using a simulation technique to validate the proposed scheduling algorithm.
Molecular Simulation of the Contact Angle of Water Droplet on a Platinum Surface

This paper presents a molecular simulation study of the contact angles of water droplets on a platinum surface for a range of temperatures. SPC/E and Z-P model are used for the water-water and water-platinum potentials, respectively. The results show that the contact angle decreases with the increase of system temperatures and increases when the potential decreases. When the temperature is high enough, the contact angles drop to zero degrees. The results were compared with the argon-virtual solid wall and water-Aluminum results, a similar trend was found.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The light filtering and guiding properties of high finesse phase resonant compound gratings

Phase resonances in compound gratings are studied in the frequency and time domains, with the gratings having two dissimilar grooves within the unit cell that each support waveguide cavity modes that couple. Described in this work are the dependence of the phase resonances’ Q on the degree of difference between the grooves in the unit cell, their optical properties, a closed-form expression describing their dispersion, their excitation, and the extraction of energy from the phase resonances into free space and into a waveguide. Application to optical filters and corrugated surface antennas are discussed.
An Australian environmental survey reveals moderate Spiroplasma biodiversity: characterization of four new serogroups and a continental variant.

An environmental survey of tabanid host spiroplasma carriage was undertaken at 10 collection sites in Australia during February 1999. A total of 164 tabanid flies, representing 27 species, were collected and sustainable spiroplasma iso- lations were made from 48 of the flies. The morphology of the cultured spiroplasmas, as observed in M1D medium under dark-field microscopy, was typical of either (i) Apis group spiroplasmas (relatively thick cells (~150 nm) with six or more turns) or (ii) chrysopicola-syrphidicola-TAAS-1 clade spiroplasmas (narrower, often much shorter cells) serologically re- lated to Spiroplasma serogroup VIII. Repetitive serological analyses, involving successive rounds of dilution cloning and serological reevaluation, identified one serotype referable to the Spiroplasma serogroup VIII strain complex and five puta- tive members of the Apis clade. Apis clade placement for these five groups was verified using 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses. Among the Apis clade members, one serotype representing 11 isolates was identified as a geographic variant of Spiroplasma turonicum. Spiroplasma turonicum (Tab4C) was originally isolated from a tabanid Haematopoda sp. in France. The other 34 isolates represented four new serogroups (= putative species). The following strains are proposed as representatives of the new serogroups: strain GSU5478 (group XXXIX), strain GSU5490 (group XL), strain GSU5508 (group XLI), and strain GSU5603 (group XLII). In summary, six serogroups were observed from isolations originating from seven distinct sample sites in Australia. Surprisingly, the serotype with the greatest geographical range (five sites from 16848.9' St o 35840.0'S) and the greatest host diversity (nine species over three genera) was the geographic variant of S. turonicum, which had only been reported previously in France.
A Beam Position Monitor System for the Proton Storage Ring at LAMPF

A high-current Proton Storage Ring (PSR) is being constructed at Los Alamos to accumulate intense pulses of 800-MeV protons from LAMPF for delivery to neutron production targets. The beam's transverse location in the injection channel, ring, and extraction channel will be determined by a beam position monitor (BPM) system. The beam will be detected by stripline sensors that generate 4-quadrant position signals from the spectral components of the beam. Sixty sensors are planned for the installation, with their outputs selected by broadband RF multiplexers. The sensor outputs are processed by a differential phase correlator detector to produce an analog signal proportional to the position of the beam centroid. Digital conversion and processing will give overall resolution of the horizontal and vertical position of the beam at each sensor location to ±2 mm. The monitor will operate over the intensity range of 3 × 108 protons/ bunch to 5 × 1013 protons/bunch. The beam-position system contains CAMAC-based instrumentation for display in three formats, including an azimuth histogram, a time plot, and a numerical readout. The monitor system also includes a microprocessor-based check and exerciser unit to serve as a design aid and maintenance tool.
Formation of RNA oligomers on montmorillonite: site of catalysis

Certain montmorillonites catalyze the self condensation of the 5'-phosphorimidazolide of nucleosides in pH 8 aqueous electrolyte solutions at ambient temperatures leading to formation of RNA oligomers. In order to establish the nature of the sites on montmorillonite responsible for this catalytic activity, oligomerization reactions were run with montmorillonites which had been selectively modified (I) at the edges by (a) fluoride treatment, (b) silylation, (c) metaphosphate treatment of the anion exchange sites (II) in the interlayer by (a) saturation with quaternary alkylammonium ions of increasing size, (b) aluminum polyoxo cations. High pressure liquid chromatography, HPLC, analysis of condensation products for their chain lengths and yields indicated that modification at the edges did not affect the catalytic activity to a significant extent, while blocking the interlayer strongly inhibited product formation.
The coding sequence of the bovine ferrochelatase gene

The amino acid code and surrounding regions in the bovine ferrochelatase gene were amplified by a combination of reverse transcriptase PCR and vectorette PCR and sequenced. The bovine code was 86% homologous to the human ferrochelatase code but was altered at a position corresponding to the presumed human initiator codon.
Coherent, nonlinear two-phonon Raman spectra of diamond

This is the first reported observation of a second-order Raman spectrum by means of coherent Raman spectroscopy. Optically heterodyned Raman-induced Kerr-effect spectroscopy was used to study the two-phonon Raman peaks of a highly fluorescent sample of diamond with sensitivity exceeding that obtained in spontaneous scattering or other forms of coherent Raman techniques. The frequency of the one-phonon peak was measured to be 1333.1 +/- 0.5 cm(-1). The frequency of the sharp two-phonon peak was measured to be 2668.6 +/- 0.5 cm(-1), in agreement with lower-resolution spontaneous-scattering measurements.
Localized null controllability and corresponding minimal norm control blowup rates of thermoelastic systems

Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of null controllability for an elastic operator under square root damping. Such partial differential equation models can be described by analytic semigroups on the basic space of finite energy. Thus by inherent smoothing coming from the parabolic-like behavior of the dynamics, the problem of null controllability is appropriate for consideration. In particular, we will show that the solution variables can be steered to the zero state by means of iterations of locally supported steering controls acting on appropriate finite dimensional systems. The hinged boundary conditions considered here admit of a diagonalization of the spatial operator. The control strategy implemented in [A. Benabdallah, M. Naso, Null controllability of a thermoelastic plate, Abstr. Appl. Anal. 7 (2002) 585–599] is used to construct a suboptimal control for the problem, but here we expand upon their results by providing a bound for the energy function E min ( T ) , T > 0 . Our results are valid for localized mechanical and thermal control. The strategy relies heavily on the availability of a Carleman's estimate for finite linear combinations of eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet Laplacian.
An Input/Output Semantics for Distributed Program Equivalence Reasoning

A new notion of input/output equivalence of distributed imperative programs, with synchronous communications, is introduced. It preserves the input/output relation, encompassing both, initial/final state and communication channel values. For its mathematical justification, the semantic framework of Manna and Pnueli, based on finite transition systems and reduced behaviors, is extended with the notion of input/output behavior. A set of laws for the equivalence is overviewed. A deduction rule for the substitution of references to input/output equivalent procedures is defined and justified in the new semantics. The rule is applied to decompose distributed program simplification proofs, introduced in a prior work, which use the laws to establish the equivalence between a sequential and a parallel communicating program. They include communication elimination as one of their steps. An outline of one of such proofs, for a pipelined processor model, is included.