cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of food deprivation and a visual cliff on tonic immobility

Contrary to the contention that generalized arousal is the common denominator of situations designed to enhance tonic immobility, the effect of food deprivation on immobility time and ease of eliciting the reaction was found to be negligible in an experiment using chickens. On the other hand, enforced suspension over a visual cliff, in a second experiment, was found to be an effective technique for prolonging immobility. The implications of these data for the fear hypothesis were discussed.
Promoting equity in mathematics teacher preparation: A framework for advancing teacher learning of children's multiple mathematics knowledge bases

Research repeatedly documents that teachers are underprepared to teach mathematics effectively in diverse classrooms. A critical aspect of learning to be an effective mathematics teacher for diverse learners is developing knowledge, dispositions, and practices that support building on children’s mathematical thinking, as well as their cultural, linguistic, and community-based knowledge. This article presents a conjectured learning trajectory for prospective teachers’ (PSTs’) development related to integrating children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases (i.e., the understandings and experiences that have the potential to shape and support children’s mathematics learning—including children’s mathematical thinking, and children’s cultural, home, and community-based knowledge), in mathematics instruction. Data were collected from 200 PSTs enrolled in mathematics methods courses at six United States universities. Data sources included beginning and end-of-semester surveys, interviews, and PSTs’ written work. Our conjectured learning trajectory can serve as a tool for mathematics teacher educators and researchers as they focus on PSTs’ development of equitable mathematics instruction.
Radiographic texture analysis of densitometer-generated calcaneus images differentiates postmenopausal women with and without fractures

Bone fragility is determined by bone mass, measured as bone mineral density (BMD), and by trabecular structure, which cannot be easily measured using currently available noninvasive methods. In previous studies, radiographic texture analysis (RTA) performed on the radiographic images of the spine, proximal femur, and os calcis differentiated subjects with and without osteoporotic fractures. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine whether such differentiation could also be made using high-resolution os calcis images obtained on a peripheral densitometer. In 170 postmenopausal women (42 with and 128 without prevalent vertebral fractures) who had no secondary causes of osteoporosis and were not receiving treatment for osteoporosis, BMD of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and os calcis was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral fractures were diagnosed on densitometric spine images. RTA, including Fourier-based and fractal analyses, was performed on densitometric images of os calcis. BMD at all three sites and all texture features was significantly different in subjects with and without fractures, with the most significant differences observed for the femoral neck and total hip measurements and for the RTA feature Minkowski fractal (p<0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, Minkowski fractal predicted the presence of vertebral fractures as well as femoral neck BMD (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, both femoral neck BMD and Minkowski fractal yielded significant predictive effects (p=0.001), and when age was added to the model, the effect of RTA remained significant (p=0.002), suggesting that RTA reflects an aspect of bone fragility that is not captured by age or BMD. Finally, when RTA was compared in 42 fracture patients and 42 nonfracture patients matched for age and BMD, the RTA features were significantly different between the groups (p=0.003 to p=0.04), although BMD and age were not. This study suggests that RTA of densitometer-generated calcaneus images provides an estimate of bone fragility independent of and complementary to BMD measurement and age.
ESCRT-II coordinates the assembly of ESCRT-III filaments for cargo sorting and multivesicular body vesicle formation

The sequential action of five distinct endosomal-sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complexes is required for the lysosomal downregulation of cell surface receptors through the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. On endosomes, the assembly of ESCRT-III is a highly ordered process. We show that the length of ESCRT-III (Snf7) oligomers controls the size of MVB vesicles and addresses how ESCRT-II regulates ESCRT-III assembly. The first step of ESCRT-III assembly is mediated by Vps20, which nucleates Snf7/Vps32 oligomerization, and serves as the link to ESCRT-II. The ESCRT-II subunit Vps25 induces an essential conformational switch that converts inactive monomeric Vps20 into the active nucleator for Snf7 oligomerization. Each ESCRT-II complex contains two Vps25 molecules (arms) that generate a characteristic Y-shaped structure. Mutant ‘one-armed' ESCRT-II complexes with a single Vps25 arm are sufficient to nucleate Snf7 oligomerization. However, these oligomers cannot execute ESCRT-III function. Both Vps25 arms provide essential geometry for the assembly of a functional ESCRT-III complex. We propose that ESCRT-II serves as a scaffold that nucleates the assembly of two Snf7 oligomers, which together are required for cargo sequestration and vesicle formation during MVB sorting.
Perturbation of invariant subspaces of the equations of elasticity: Spectral theory

Abstract This paper is a discussion of the perturbation of operators in certain of their invariant subspaces. The program is carried out by the study of the simple nontrivial example, the equations of linear elasticity.
Climbing Diotima's Mountain: Marriage and Achieving Our Highest Goals

We found Finkel, Hui, Carswell, and Larson's (this issue) historical analysis fascinating. As researchers who have focused on relationship processes and on self-expansion (e.g., A. Aron & Aron, 198...
Structural and functional similarities between MRP and RNase P.

RNase P, the enzyme responsible for 5′-end processing of tRNAs and 4.5S RNA, has been extensively characterized fromE. coli. The RNA component ofE. coli RNase P, without the protein, has the enzymatic activity and is the first true RNA enzyme to be characterized. RNase P and MRP are two distinct nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles characterized in many eukaryotic cells including human, yeast and plant cells. There are many similarities between RNase P and MRP. These include: (1) sequence specific endonuclease activity; (2) homology at the primary and secondary structure levels; and (3) common proteins in both the RNPs. It is likely that RNase P and MRP originated from a common ancestor.
Influence of Asian and Western United States Agricultural Areas and Fires on the Atmospheric Transport of Pesticides in the Western United States

Historic and current use pesticides (HUPs and CUPs), with respect to use in the United States and Canada, were identified in trans-Pacific and regional air masses at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO), a remote high elevation mountain in Oregon's Cascade Range located in the United States, during the sampling period of April 2004 to May 2006 (n = 69), including NASA's INTEX-B campaign (spring 2006). Elevated hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) concentrations were measured during trans-Pacific atmospheric transport events at MBO, suggesting that Asia is an important source region for these HUPs. Regional atmospheric transport events at MBO resulted in elevated dacthal, endosulfan, metribuzin, triallate, trifluralin, and chlorpyrifos concentrations, with episodic increases in concentration during some spring application periods, suggesting that the Western U.S. is a significant source region for these CUPs. Endosulfan I, gamma-HCH, and dacthal concentrations were significantly positively correlated (p-value < 0.05) with increased air mass time in Western U.S. agricultural areas. Elevated gamma-HCH concentrations were measured at MBO during both trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport events, including regional fire events. In addition to gamma-HCH, elevated sigmachlordane, alpha-HCH, HCB, and trifluralin concentrations were associated with fires in Western North America due to revolatilization of these pesticides from soils and vegetation. Trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane and alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH ratios were calculated and may be used to distinguish between free tropospheric and regional and/or Asian air masses.
Application of MAGAT polymer gel dosimetry in breast balloon

The purpose of this study is to characterize the response of MAGAT normoxic polymer gel for breast brachytherapy applications using two balloon applicators (MammoSite® and Contoura®) and verify the dose distribution with a commercial treatment planning system (BrachyVision® version 8.9.15). We present the fabrication, irradiation and readout of the gel used for the work described herein.
Comparative advantage FDI? A host country perspective

Recent empirical studies of the determinants of multinational activity across countries have found overwhelming support for a horizontal rather than a vertical model of foreign direct investment (FDI). They all use US or other developed country data. This paper, in contrast, uses a detailed industry-level data set on FDI in a relatively skilled-labor and capital scarce country, Mexico, to shed light on the determinants of FDI between largely dissimilar countries. The results indicate considerably more support for a comparative advantage motive for FDI, although a market access motive is present as well. The correlation between skill differences and FDI is positive in all industries, but when differences are large, FDI flows into sectors that are intensive in total labor, regardless of skill level. The concentration of multinational activity in (unskilled) labor intensive industries suggests a potential for spillover effects.
Bringing the world (back) into international business

IB is a field constrained not only in time, but also in economic model (institutional, country-level, and developmental variation) and intellectual direction. We need more: a transformation of IB that involves a synthesis and integration of temporal, spatial and developmental data from around the world.
Childhood Abusive and Supportive Experiences, Inter-Parental Violence, and Parental Alcohol Use: Prediction of Young Adult Depressive Symptoms and Aggression

Issues in both the children of alcoholics and child abuse literatures were addressed in an attempt to disentangle the effects on young adults of growing up in alcoholic homes versus abusive homes. Using multiple regression, retrospective reports of parental abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) and parental support (love/support, independence, and fairness), witnessing violence between parents, and parental alcohol use were used as predictor variables for outcomes noted by both literatures. When the effects of all other predictors were statistically controlled, parental alcohol use was not significantly related to depressive symptoms or aggression. Different abusive and supportive behaviors, depending on sex of parent and sex of participant, were significant predictors of both depression and aggression. Results underscore the importance of including and controlling for inter-parental violence and for different types of child abuse (especially emotional abuse) and parental supportive behaviors in investigations of outcomes related to abusive and alcoholic families. Implications for treatment of individuals from these families are discussed.
Raman Study of Para-Azoxydianisole at the Phase Transitions

Raman scattering was used to probe the phase transitions of the nematic liquid-crystalline material, $p$-azoxydianisole. The intensities of several Raman modes were shown to change abruptly at the phase transitions, but no detectable frequency shift of any mode was observed. Our results suggest that the Raman spectrum of $p$-axoxydianisole is only affected by short-range ordering. Qualitative interpretation of the results is given.
A new active error compensatory method of machinery accuracy

A new active error compensatory method for on-line cutting control has been developed for reduction of the form errors in machining. This approach is a combination of in-process gauging and model active compensatory control. In this approach, there are two features of substantial importance: stochastic modelling and optimum forecasting. Through stochastic modelling, the cutting tool error motions can be represented by a simple model without the necessity of obtaining the complex cause-and-effect relationships between various errors and error sources, and more importantly, it is possible to account for both repeatable and non-repeatable parts of errors. Optimum forecasting is an important prerequisite for a rational control strategy, considering the inevitable time delay associate with sensing, computation and actuation. The proposed control method was implemented for the control of cylindricity in boring operations. Through the controller simulation based on experimental measurements, the improvement in c...
Experimental petrology of the basaltic shergottite Yamato-980459: Implications for the thermal structure of the Martian mantle

The Martian meteorite Yamato (Y-) 980459 is an olivine-phyric shergottite. It has a very primitive character and may be a primary melt of the Martian mantle. We have conducted crystallization experiments on a synthetic Y-980459 composition at Martian upper mantle conditions in order to test the primary mantle melt hypothesis. Results of these experiments indicate that the cores of the olivine megacrysts in Y-980459 are in equilibrium with a melt of bulk rock composition, suggesting that these megacrysts are in fact phenocrysts that grew from a magma of the bulk rock composition. Multiple saturation of the melt with olivine and a low-calcium pyroxene occurs at approximately 12 ± 0.5 kbar and 1540 ±10 °C, suggesting that the meteorite represents a primary melt that separated from its mantle source at a depth of ~100 km. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Y-980459 source underwent extensive melting prior to and/or during the magmatic event that produced the Y-980459 parent magma. When factored into convective models of the Martian interior, the high temperature indicated for the upper Martian mantle and possibly high melt fraction for the Y-980459 magmatic event suggests a significantly higher temperature at the core-mantle boundary than previously estimated.
A Coupled Land Surface–Boundary Layer Model and Its Adjoint

Abstract In this paper, a simple coupled land surface–boundary layer model and its adjoint are presented. The primary goal is to demonstrate the capabilities of the adjoint model as a general tool for sensitivity analysis and data assimilation. The adjoint method was chosen primarily for two reasons: 1) the adjoint model can be used not only to obtain parameter sensitivities with greater efficiency but, more important, to provide added insight into the sensitivities as compared with that obtained with traditional simulation techniques (e.g., pathways, time variations in sensitivity) and 2) the adjoint model can be used in a variational data assimilation framework to combine measurements and the model of the physical system optimally in order to estimate state variables and fluxes. Two simple examples are presented to illustrate how the framework can be used for performing both diagnostic sensitivity experiments and hydrologic data assimilation. In the sensitivity experiment, temporal patterns and total in...
Use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of an acute asthma exacerbation in pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVES: The standard of care for treatment of an asthma exacerbation includes oxygen, inhaled short-acting bronchodilators, and systemic corticosteroids; adjunctive therapies, such as intravenous magnesium sulfate, can be used for patients who are having life-threatening exacerbations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prescribing patterns as well as the safety of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients across multiple hospitals in New Jersey. METHODS: This retrospective chart review was conducted at 4 medical centers in New Jersey on patients who presented to the emergency department between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2010. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were included in the study. In the emergency department, 98% of patients received inhaled albuterol plus ipratropium and 85% received systemic corticosteroids before intravenous magnesium sulfate administration. The median dose of magnesium sulfate was 40 mg/kg with a median...
The relationship of conduction velocity to other physiological properties of the cat's horizontal canal neurons

The conduction velocity and other physiological characteristics of the first order horizontal canal afferents were studied in 24 anesthetized cats. From their spontaneous discharge patterns, neurons were classified into three groups: regular, intermediate and irregular. The irregular units tended to have a low resting rate, high sensitivity to angular acceleration, frequently exhibited adaptation during prolonged acceleration, and showed a short latency from the time of electric stimulation of the labyrinth to recording the action potential near Scarpa's ganglion. The regular units tended to have a high resting discharge rate, low sensitivity, were mostly non-adapting, and showed longer latency to electric stimulation. The intermediate neurons had a mixed character of regular and irregular units. Based on the very short conduction times (mean 0.34 msec) and the work of Moxon (1971), we conclude the locus of activation of electrical stimulation is neural rather than the receptor cells. Since the latency is due predominantly to conduction in the first order axon, and since there is a direct linear relation between conduction velocity and fiber diameter in the medullated nerve fibers, it is possible to speculate that the regular cells have thin fibers which innervate the slope of the crista, the irregular neurons have thick fibers which innervate the summit of the crista, and the intermediate units have medium caliber fibers which innervate both the slope and summit of the crista ampullaris.
Teaching microprocessor architectures

For our undergraduate computer science architecture majors, we are making a major revision of our existing course sequence (three courses) on microprocessors. For effective utilization of microprocessors, a total system design and development methodology approach is used. In this paper, we discuss the development of the first course of the sequence. The first course emphasizes on various microprocessor architectures. Since our non-architecture major undergraduate students may take this first course as an elective, this course is designed as a self contained foundation course with proper mixes of hardware and software.
An analytical review of growth hormone studies in children after renal transplantation.

With steady improvement in 1- and 5-year patient and graft survivals in the last decade, rehabilitation of the child is the major focus of the transplant physician. The notion that the elimination of the uremic milieu should enable children to grow has not been born out over time, and growth retardation continues to be a serious morbidity in many children despite a well-functioning renal allograft. In children with chronic renal failure prior to renal transplantation, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been recently shown in controlled trials to improve growth. The use of rhGH in children after renal transplantation is controversial, since uncontrolled studies have questioned its safety. Acute rejection and graft loss have been reported in children after the initiation of rhGH. This study analyzes the data regarding the safety and efficacy of rhGH in children after renal transplantation as presented in seven current published reports. The demographic characteristics of the patients, the dose and duration of rhGH therapy, the “growth” rates of the patients before and after rhGH therapy, renal function before and after rhGH therapy, and other possible complications are reviewed. Based on this analysis, suggestions for future studies are made.
Methods For Scaling High Average Power Laser Performance

High average power (HAP) solid state laser devices have been under development for over ten years at the General Electric-company and typically operate in the 10-100W HAP range. It has recently been recognized that such lasers may be scaled into the 1-100kW p9tcwr regime by taking advantage of favorable new materials properties2-4 i novel geometrcsh,', new techniques for increasing the fracture strength of thermally stressed surfaces, and by employing optical phased arrays 3. Here we review previously presented scaling laws for all HAP devices of current interest and indicate the modifications to those laws imposed by well-known scaling limitations such as amplified spontaneous emission and optically induced damage. In addition, we present for the first time a new limitation imposed upon HAP scaling due to fracture (or Wiebull) statistics and investigate its consequences for scaling and configuring constant probability of failure systems.
Epistemic Values and the Argument from Inductive Risk

Critics of the ideal of value‐free science often assume that they must reject the distinction between epistemic and nonepistemic values. I argue that this assumption is mistaken and that the distinction can be used to clarify and defend the argument from inductive risk, which challenges the value‐free ideal. I develop the idea that the characteristic feature of epistemic values is that they promote, either intrinsically or extrinsically, the attainment of truths. This proposal is shown to answer common objections to the distinction and provide a principled basis for separating legitimate from illegitimate influences of nonepistemic values in scientific inference.
Course of the mandibular incisive canal and its impact on harvesting symphysis bone grafts.

Purpose To characterize the anatomic course of the mandibular incisive canal to define parameters for harvesting autogenous bone from the symphysis of the mandible. Materials and Methods A series of osteotomies were completed between the mental foramina in the anterior mandibles of 19 cadavers. Methylene blue dye was used to help identify the incisive canal. From the canal, distances to key adjacent landmarks were measured with a Boley gauge to 0.1 mm. Measurements included distances from the mandibular incisive canal to the buccal cortex, the lingual cortex, the inferior border of the mandible, the apices of the teeth, and the buccal cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the teeth. Results The canal decreased in diameter from lateral to medial. It tended to be closer to the buccal cortical bone than to the lingual cortex ( P Conclusions The authors suggest several modifications to the standard surgical approach to the symphysis area during the harvest of bone grafts. When the goal is to avoid the mandibular incisive canal, osteotomies should not exceed a depth of 4 mm, should be at least 5 mm anterior to the mental foramen, and 9 mm below the root apices (or 23 mm below the lowest facial CEJ) and should maintain the contour of the mandible’s inferior border. Alternatively, some degree of canal compromise can be accepted and larger grafts can be obtained by increasing the depth of the harvest in the horizontal dimension or decreasing the distance from the osteotomy to the root apices (or the CEJ) in the vertical dimension.
The transfer of text-editing skill

Abstract Computer-naive subjects were taught to use either one or two line editors and then a screen editor. Positive transfer was observed both between the line editors and from the line editors to the screen editor. Transfer expressed itself in terms of reductions in total time, keystrokes, residual errors, and seconds per keystroke. A simple two-component model of transfer is proposed that allows for the differential practice of general and specific components when learning a skill.
Effect of serum on cell-to-cell associations during in vitro development of preimplantation mouse embryos

We have identified an activity which alters the morphology and developmental timing of post-compaction mouse embryos. A 15-min exposure of 4- and 8-cell mouse embryos to sera containing this activity induced monolayer formation, changing the normal positions of blastomeres at the 16- to 64-cell stages. Recovered embryos form normal blastocysts, based on morphology and in vitro production of trophectoderm and inner cell mass derivatives. These results suggest that under certain circumstances blastomeres remain developmentally labile as late as the sixth or seventh cleavage cycle.
Cognitive stress and cardiovascular reactivity. II. Relationship to atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, and cognitive control.

Abstract This is the second of a two-part series on the effects of cognitive stress on cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the relationship between cognitive stress and cardiovascular reactivity as it relates to the development of atherosclerosis and arrhythmias. In addition, the moderation of cardiovascular reactivity by the opportunity to exercise control over the stressor is discussed. The findings may be summarized as follows. First, recent animal work has suggested that the magnitude of heart rate change in the presence of a conditioned aversive stimulus is positively correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis under diets high and low in atherogenic potential. Second, cardiovascular reactivity in humans may be related to several factors that could have an influence on the pathogensis of atherosclerosis. These factors include: increased beta-adrenergic driving, increased shearing force on the intimal lining of the vessels, changes in pulsatile flow and the subsequent smooth muscle reparatory process. Cognitive (psychological) stress has also been related to ST segment depression, rate-pressure product changes, and changes in cardiac contractility. Animal studies have shown that the susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation may be enhanced by the presence of a conditioned aversive stimulus and may be reduced through adaptation to the aversive environment. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the myocardium may also play a critical role in the susceptibility of an already diseased heart to succumb to fatal arrhythmias during a behavioral stressor. Finally, studies in which subjects may exercise some control over an aversive stimulus suggest that cardiovascular reactivity may be pronounced and sustained in situations requiring frequent adjustment to changes in the criteria for successful performance, and/or the presence of positive incentives.
Stark Beats in Lyman-Series Emission

Observed intensity fluctuations in the emission of Stark-perturbed $\mathrm{L}\mathrm{y}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}$ radiation, from hydrogen atoms formed by passage of hydrogen ions through carbon foils, are compared with theoretical calculations using a density-matrix formalism to yield information on the cross sections for creation into the various $l$ states. It is found, for beam energies between 250 and 500 keV/atom, that the $s$ states are preferentially populated by more than a factor of 4, compared to a statistical distribution. Similar results are also obtained for $\mathrm{L}\mathrm{y}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ emission in electric and motional electric fields, in contrast with previous reports at lower energies. The effects of Zeeman splittings, hyperfine interaction, and fringing fields on the signal are investigated.
Factors affecting the rutin contents of dried buckwheat meals

The distribution of rutin in Tartary and Japanese buckwheat was determined at three ages of the plant. Fractional drying and screening produce a leaf meal of high rutin content. Wilting in the sun was evaluated as an ajunct to artificial drying of buckwheat for production of dried meals.
Efficient auditing for complex SQL queries

We address the problem of data auditing that asks for an audit trail of all users and queries that potentially breached information about sensitive data. A lot of the previous work in data auditing has focused on providing strong privacy guarantees and studied the class of queries that can be audited efficiently while retaining the guarantees. In this paper, we approach data auditing from a different perspective. Our goal is to design an auditing system for arbitrary SQL queries containing constructs such as grouping, aggregation and correlated subqueries. Pivoted on the ability to feasibly address arbitrary queries, we study (1)~what privacy guarantees we can expect, and (2)~how we can efficiently perform auditing.
Organic matter–microorganism–plant in soil bioremediation: a synergic approach

Bioremediation is a natural process, which relies on bacteria, fungi, and plants to degrade, break down, transform, and/or essentially remove contaminants, ensuring the conservation of the ecosystem biophysical properties. Since microorganisms are the former agents for the degradation of organic contaminants in soil, the application of organic matter (such as compost, sewage sludge, etc.), which increases microbial density and also provides nutrients and readily degradable organic matter (bioenhancement–bioaugmentation) can be considered useful to accelerate the contaminant degradation. Moreover, the organic matter addition, by means of the increase of cation exchange capacity, soil porosity and water-holding capacity, enhances the soil health and provides a medium satisfactory for microorganism activity. Plants have been also recently used in soil reclamation strategy both for their ability to uptake, transform, and store the contaminants, and to promote the degradation of organic contaminants by microbes at rhizosphere level. It is widely recognized that plant, through organic materials, nutrients and oxygen supply, produces a rich microenvironment capable of promoting microbial proliferation and activity.
Indapamide Induced Syncope in a Patient with Long QT Syndrome

WANG, C.-P., et al.: Indapamide Induced Syncope in a Patient with Long QT Syndrome. A 60-year-old woman who had been successfully treated with atenolol and cardiac pacing for hypertension and long QT syndrome developed recurrent episodes of palpitations and syncope. Several days prior to these episodes, indapamide 2.5 mg/day was taken for better control of hypertension. The episodes were associated with prolongation of QT interval and mild hypokalemia (3.1 MEQ/L). Indapamide was immediately stopped, but the QT remained prolonged 2 days later, although the potassium level was normalized. This case suggests that indapamide can cause potassium independent prolongation of the QT interval, resulting in arrhythmia induced syncope.
Change performance to change the culture

Corporate culture – the integrated patterns of human behavior that describe “how we do things around here” – is making a comeback in business literature and discussion. It is an important tool for winning the hearts, minds, and commitment of people. Some believe it is the intangible that provides a sustainable competitive advantage in a world where products and services are commodities. This article asserts that changing performance is the critical component in any culture change initiative. It describes the components that influence an organization’s culture and provides seven indicators that your organization’s culture might be in trouble. Finally, the author draws on over 20 years of experience to offer five practical strategies to change performance and change an organization’s culture.
Quasiparticle energies for a two-band interlayer-coupling model of a high-Tc superconductor.

Much of the recent literature on the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, layered, cuprate superconductors emphasizes the necessity of including in theoretical models of these materials both oxygen and copper bands and, more recently, interlayer correlations. Accordingly, we construct a Hamiltonian that takes into account these requirements, and use it, together with existing decoupling methods and extensions thereof, to calculate the superconducting-state quasiparticle energies. Our result is a generalization, which contains corrections due to the interlayer parameters, of the quasiparticle energies for the corresponding equivalent one-layer model. These corrections indicate the presence of two superconductor gaps in the wide oxygen band and provide a starting point for obtaining self-consistent gap equations.
Global Business and Transportation: Online Research for Graduate Studies in International Transportation Management

This article describes the research methodology and design of electronic resources in support of the graduate program in International Transportation Management at SUNY Maritime College. A team of faculty librarians have designed the online research guides to meet the requirements of the graduate students at the final stages of completing their Master of Science in international transportation management. The SUNY Maritime College graduate students are required to conduct a final research assignment in global business and transportation, global statistics; foreign labor markets; foreign trade policies; and cultural, economic, and political contexts of supply chain management.
Intussusception of the appendix: comprehensive review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Intussusception of the appendix is a rare disease that constitutes a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon. The literature on this condition is limited to case reports. The demographics, presentation, and treatment remain debatable in the absence of a comprehensive review of the literature. DATA SOURCES: This article reports a case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with intussusception of the appendix caused by endometriosis. A comprehensive review of the English literature in PubMed was performed. The trends in incidence, sex predilection, presentation, and treatment of appendiceal intussusception were derived based on the reports of 191 patients. COMMENTS: The incidence was more common in adults (76%) than in children (24%). Female patients (72%) were 2 times more affected in adults than in children, whereas male patients (58%) seem to be more affected in the pediatric population. Intussusception of the appendix has most commonly a chronic presentation (63%). Endometriosis (33%) and inflammation (76%) were the most common pathologic findings in adults and children, respectively. Only 49% of patients were treated by simple appendectomy; 49% patients underwent partial colectomy; and 2% of patients had their appendixes endoscopically removed.
Tetanus toxin: Retrograde axonal transport of systemically administered toxin

After intramuscular injection, [(125)I] tetanus toxin is carried to spinal motor neurons by retrograde axonal transport. In the present study, we asked whether systemically administered toxin can be transported toward the spinal cord via this intraaxonal pathway. Mice were given [(125)I] tetanus toxin intraperitoneally, one sciatic nerve was ligated and, 24 h later, the animals were perfused. Autoradiograms showed labeled toxin accumulated within axons distal to the ligature. We interpret these findings as indicating that circulating toxin can leak out of intramuscular capillaries, be taken up at nerve terminals, and subsequently be carried toward the spinal cord by retrograde axonal transport. This pathway may be an important route by which systemically administered toxin can reach the CNS.
PEG site infections: the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a major pathogen

PEG site infections: the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a major pathogen
An Eikonal Treatment of Electronically Diabatic Photodissociation: Branching Ratios of CH3I†

Collision-induced and photoinduced electronically diabatic transitions in polyatomic systems are described, starting with an eikonal representation of the molecular wave function and developing a self-consistent eikonal approximation for short deBroglie wavelengths. The approach provides state-to-state transition amplitudes for electronic excitation without requiring any preliminary knowledge of the nature of transitions between potential energy surfaces. The formalism has some similarities to recent semiclassical treatments using the initial value representation. It has been applied to the electronically diabatic dissociation CH3I + φ → CH3 + I induced by absorption of UV light using previously introduced potential energy surfaces and couplings to compare with accurate quantal results. Results for the model are given for branching ratios in the formation of I and I*, and for the final distribution of vibrational states of CH3 for two light wavelengths.
Extending ∂ to singular Riemann surfaces

The ∂ operator is defined on Reimann surfaces with nodes. If X is a compact family of Riemann surfaces given by a map of X into Mg, the Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space Mg, then the family of operators {∂x}x∈X is a continuous family. We compute its determinant line bundle.
Serum levels of unconjugated estetrol-(1,3,5(10)-estratrien 1,15α,16α,17β-tetrol) during human pregnancy

Abstract A radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of unconjugated estriol (E3) and estetrol (E4) in pregnancy serum. Specimens were obtained from about 70 women at 20–42 weeks of gestation. During the last half of pregnancy the concentration of E4 was found to increase. The mean serum concentration of unconjugated E4 during the 40th week was 2.2 ng/ml. The E3/E4 ratio was about 8 and remained nearly constant throughout pregnancy, although the increase of E4 was relatively greater than the increase of e3 during the last few weeks of gestation.
Challenges and Benefits of Contact among Relatives: Morphological Copying

Hierarchies of borrowability typically rank morphology as the most resistant to transfer of all aspects of language. Several explanations have been offered. One is that copying takes place primarily between typologically similar systems, and morphology is one of the ways languages can differ the most. Another is that more tightly integrated structures are more resistant to copying, and morphology is inherently tightly integrated. It has also been pointed out that copying depends on speakers establishing equivalence relations between elements of the languages in contact. Morphology may be less accessible to speaker consciousness than other aspects of language. Insight into contributing factors may come from contact situations involving related languages. Such languages are usually similar typologically. But they also present a major challenge: distinguishing contact effects from common inheritance and drift. Certain favorable circumstances can enhance their potential contributions. Most helpful are established genealogical relationships among the languages, a documented history of contact, morphological complexity, and sound changes diagnostic of copied forms. Examples here are drawn from Tuscarora, a Northern Iroquoian language. The Tuscarora separated from the other Northern Iroquoians early and spent perhaps two millennia in the American Southeast on their own. After they rejoined their relatives in the Northeast, there was close contact and intermarriage for two centuries. The languages share complex but similar morphologies. Extensive copying of forms can be discerned: not only whole words, but also bound stems, roots, and affixes. Functional features of bound forms were copied as well, including semantic extension.
The size and dynamic effect of aggregate-demand and aggregate-supply disturbances in expansionary and contractionary regimes

Abstract This paper examines the existence, size and dynamic effect of temporary aggregate-demand disturbances and permanent aggregate-supply disturbances to economic output in expansionary and contractionary regimes. It estimates a structural, bivariate threshold model which exploits the joint behavior of output and unemployment. This model finds that aggregate-demand (aggregate-supply) disturbances dominate output fluctuations in the contractionary (expansionary) regime. This is consistent with macroeconomic models with an aggregate-supply ceiling, credit rationing, or a convex aggregate-supply curve. It implies that policymakers should minimize the variance of aggregate-demand disturbances and maximize the level of aggregate supply.
Signal reconstruction from phase or magnitude

In this paper, we develop a set of conditions under which a sequence is uniquely specified by the phase or samples of the phase of its Fourier transform, and a similar set of conditions under which a sequence is uniquely specified by the magnitude of its Fourier transform. These conditions are distinctly different from the minimum or maximum phase conditions, and are applicable to both one-dimensional and multidimensional sequences. Under the specified conditions, we also develop several algorithms which may be used to reconstruct a sequence from its phase or magnitude.
Prospects for Using C 60 and C 70 in Lithium Batteries

Solid films of and fullerenes are evaluated in propylene carbonate/lithium perchlorate, an electrolyte commonly used in lithium batteries. Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and an effusion test, show that reduced and are soluble in the electrolyte tested, which, coupled with poor stability of the highly reduced material and poor electrochemical reversibility, would compromise the performance of secondary batteries based on these fullerenes.
Low profile broadband antenna design

We have designed a light weight and low height UWB antenna with omnidirectional coverage for airborne applications. For the given aperture, we attain - 15 dBi gain point at 55 MHz. Thus this antenna is only 15% larger than the theoretical miniaturization limit: 49 MHz. It is also important to note that the realized gain above 200 MHz is constantly above 0 dBi till at least 1 GHz, even at the second radiation mode frequency.
Self-Management, Satisfaction With Family Functioning, and the Course of Psychological Symptoms in Emerging Adults With Spina Bifida

Objective To explore psychological symptoms in emerging adults with spina bifida (SB) and their association with self-management and satisfaction with family functioning. Methods Longitudinal data were collected at 2 time points, 15 months apart, in 48 individuals with SB. Reliable change indices and paired samples t-tests assessed change in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Hierarchical regression models explored the contributions of SB severity, family satisfaction, and self-management in explaining change in psychological symptoms. Results No significant group level differences in psychological symptoms were found across time in participants (Mean age 22 years), but significant individual-level change in anxiety symptoms (n ¼ 13) and depressive symptoms (n ¼ 9) was observed. Improved satisfaction with family functioning was associated with decreased anxiety symptoms (b ¼� 0.30, p ¼ .02), and increased SB self-management was related to reduced depressive symptoms (b ¼� 0.63, p ¼ .01). Conclusions Changes in self-management and satisfaction with family functioning may influence the course of psychological symptoms.
Ethnic Differences in Pharmacogenetically Relevant Genes

There is great heterogeneity in the way humans respond to medications, often requiring empirical strategies to define the appropriate drug therapy for each patient. Genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and other drug targets provide putative markers for predicting which patients will experience extreme toxicity and treatment failure. Both quantitative (allele frequency) and qualitative (specific allele) differences for polymorphic genes have been observed between different population groups. For example, the frequency of mutations in thiopurine methyltransferase is lower in Chinese than Caucasian populations. In addition, the predominant mutation responsible for deficient enzyme activity differs between the two populations (TPMT*l3C versus TPMT*3A). Understanding the influence of ethnicity on pharmacogenomics will allow for comprehensive strategies for using the genome to optimize therapy for patients throughout the world.
Proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithm with gain allocation motivated by minimization of mean-square-weight deviation for colored input

In previous work, a water-filling algorithm was proposed which sought to minimize the mean square error (MSE) at any given time by optimally choosing the gains (i.e. step-sizes) each time instance. This work relied on the assumption that the input signal was white. In this paper, an algorithm is derived which operates when the input signal is colored. The proposed algorithm minimizes the mean square weight deviation which is important in many applications such as system identification. Additionally, it is shown that by minimizing the mean square weight deviation, an upper bound on the MSE is also minimized. The proposed algorithm offers improved misalignment and learning curve convergence rates relative to other standard algorithms.
Age determination, validation and growth of Grand Bank yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)

Yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (Storer, 1839) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland were traditionally aged using surface-read whole otoliths. Age determination of otoliths from recaptures of fish tagged in the early 1990s indicated that the traditional ageing technique was underestimating the ages of yellowtail flounder when compared with the time at liberty. Age comparisons between whole and thin-sectioned otoliths showed agreement in age readings up to 7 years; thereafter whole otoliths tended to give much lower ages than those estimated by thin sections. Length-frequency analysis of pelagic and demersal juveniles, captive rearing of juveniles and marginal increment analysis all corroborated age determination based on thin sections. Tag-recaptures and bomb radiocarbon assays validated age interpretations based on thin sections in young and old yellowtail flounder, respectively. Ages were validated up to 25 years for females and 21 years for males. However, because of increased narrowing of annuli in thin-sectioned otoliths from old fish, even thin sections may underestimate the true age of the fish. von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters (combined sexes) were L ∞ = 55.6 cm total length, K=0.16 and t 0 =−0.003. These results challenge the conventional view that yellowtail flounder on the Grand Banks are a relatively fast growing, short-lived species.
An Exploration of Genetic "g:" Hierarchical Factor Analysis of Cognitive Data from the Western Reserve Twin Project.

Abstract Hierarchical factor analyses involving Schmid-Leiman transformations (Schmid & Leiman, 1957) were conducted on specific cognitive abilities data collected in a sample of 148 identical (MZ) and 135 same-sex fraternal (DZ) twin pairs. Two main questions were addressed: First, are genetic influences on specific cognitive abilities simply a reflection of their g loading, or are different sets of genes affecting separate abilities? Second, to the extent that specific cognitive abilities are affected by common genetic variance, how similar is the common genetic factor to a phenotypic factor reflecting g ? Model fitting results suggest that genetic influences on specific abilities are a reflection of both general intelligence and genetic influences specific to separate abilities and that loadings on the common genetic factor are more highly correlated with phenotypic g loadings than are common environmental factor loadings.