cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A cyclical learning model to promote children’s online and on-site museum learning

Purpose This paper aims to propose an online and on-site cyclical learning model (OOCLM). It considers how combining digital applications can promote a museum’s virtuous learning cycle between online and on-site spaces for children. Design/methodology/approach A practical cyclical learning service has been successfully implemented in a science museum in Taiwan. This provides a thematic game-based learning environment, allowing all the children to create their unique museum experiences before, during and after their visit. A questionnaire was developed to examine the children’s perceptions of the OOCLM to ascertain whether they were satisfied with the pre-visit, on-site visit and post-visit services offered. Findings The learning model considered the contextual factors that influence digital applications in museums. The digital and physical resources are well integrated, and the museum’s online and on-site services are linked to effectively promote children’s cyclical learning. Practical implications The results show that most of the children highly appreciated the learning model. The model presents an interactive learning environment for children’s cyclical learning and repeat visits. Originality/value The OOCLM considers the related contextual influences of digital applications in museum learning; it effectively bridges the museum’s online and on-site services to promote the museum’s virtuous learning cycle and long-term museum learning resource management. This study provides a benchmark example to develop sustainable cyclical learning services for target visitor groups and to motivate their long-term interaction with the museum.
Fourier Refinement in Electron Crystallography

As also experienced in x-ray crystallography, a successful direct phase determination with electron diffraction data might only reveal a structural fragment in the initial potential map. This map p(r) is calculated from the partial |Fh|,αh of the accessed reflection set, via: $$ \rho \left( r \right) = {V^{ - 1}}\sum\limits_{hkl} {\left| {{F_ \circ }} \right|} \exp \left( {i{\alpha _{hkl}}} \right)\exp \left( { - 2\pi ih \cdot r} \right) $$ (1) Recognition of a partial structure solution often requires some knowledge by the experimentalist of molecular (or group) geometry, in addition to the stoichiometry of atomic constituents.
Study of self-generated fields in strongly-shocked, low-density systems using broadband proton radiography

We report results from experiments on the study of field generation at the shock front in low-density gas configured in quasi-planar geometry using broad-energy proton probing. Experiments were conducted using three long pulse laser beams with a total energy of 6.4 kJ in 2 ns for shock generation and an 850 J, 10 ps short pulse laser to produce broadband protons for radiography. Observations of the deflection pattern of probe protons show the existence of self-generated electric fields at the shock front with the electric potential on the order of 300 V. Analytical and particle tracking methods support this conclusion.
The Powers View of Properties, Fundamental Ontology, and Williams’s Arguments for Static Dispositions

This paper examines the need for static dispositions within the basic ontology of the powers view of properties. To lend some focus, Neil Williams’s well developed case for static dispositions is considered. While his arguments are not necessarily intended to address fundamental ontology, they still provide a useful starting point, a springboard for diving into the deeper metaphysical waters of the dispositionalist approach. Within that ontological context, this paper contends that Williams’s arguments fail to establish the need to posit static dispositions, or at least any sort not already well appreciated by advocates of the powers view. The paper then proceeds to suggest an alternative motivation for positing static dispositions, the success of which depends greatly on which ontological approach to objects is paired with the powers view.
The role of cytokines in the regulation of ferritin expression.

Inflammation substantially alters iron metabolism. The plasma level of iron falls, along with that of transferrin. Conversely, the quantity of ferritin in the plasma increases by two- to three-fold, in many instances. Chronic inflammation, such as that which accompanies rheumatoid arthritis, for instance, is associated with a low-grade anemia. This “anemia of chronic disease” results, in part, from impaired delivery of iron to bone marrow normoblasts.
A vision of the next-generation retail electricity market in the context of distributed energy resources

As distributed generation (DG) and smart grid technologies (SGTs) become more efficient and spread in the distribution grid, the number of agents taking advantage of such advances will continue to increase exponentially, making the next-generation retail electricity market more decentralized, competitive, and efficient. This growth will lead to the creation of new business models and transactive approaches to accommodate new agents, thus bringing new technical challenges concerning the security, reliability, and resilience of the transmission and distribution systems. This paper aims to present a vision of the next-generation retail electricity market by describing its expected characteristics, challenges, needs, and future research topics to be addressed.
Dynamics of a Point Mass

A point mass {P; m} is in a uniform mechanical state if its velocity is constant. Departures from a uniform state occur only by variations of velocity caused by solicitations external to {P; m} and acting on it. Such external solicitations are called forces. The vector equation
3.01 Alkylations of Enols and Enolates

This chapter discusses the C-alkylation of enolates and enols and deals with all aspects of this venerable transformation, from early examples of bond formation, to more stereochemically rich reactions, to the most modern catalytic enantioselective processes. Although not exhaustively comprehensive, it is our intuition that readers of this chapter will emerge with a deep understanding of enol/enolate alkylation technologies from both fundamental and practical vantage points.
Evaluating Patient Brain and Behavior Pathways to Caregiver Health in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Author(s): Hua, Alice Y; Wells, Jenna L; Haase, Claudia M; Chen, Kuan-Hua; Rosen, Howard J; Miller, Bruce L; Levenson, Robert W | Abstract: BackgroundCaregivers of patients with neurodegenerative diseases are at heightened risk for serious health problems, but health differences between individual caregivers abound.AimsTo determine whether atrophy in patient brains could be used to identify caregivers at heightened risk for health problems and which patient variables mediate this relationship.MethodsIn 162 patient-caregiver dyads, we assessed patient atrophy using structural MRI, caregiver health, and patient behavior and cognitive symptoms.ResultsPatient atrophy in the right insula and medial frontal gyrus was associated with worse caregiver health; this relationship was partially mediated by patient neuropsychiatric symptoms, and assessing atrophy in these regions improved predictions of poor caregiver health above and beyond patient behavioral symptoms.ConclusionsThis study shows the value of patients' brain data in identifying caregivers at risk for becoming sick themselves.
Chapter 11 – ANOVA

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a conceptually simple, powerful, and popular way to perform statistical testing on experiments that involve two or more groups. ANOVA is especially suited for experimental designs that involve pairing or blocking, repeated measures on the same subjects, or when looking to see if different factors in the experiment interact with each other. We discuss how the ANOVA works, review the most common types of ANOVAs, and discuss how to interpret the meaning of an ANOVA that achieves statistical significance. A positive ANOVA says that one or more groups are different from the others but does not specify which! Therefore, follow-up analyses must be carried out to identify which groups are significantly different. And, it is necessary to correct the resulting P-values to reflect the fact that multiple comparisons are being made. A variety of correction methods are discussed; each has advantages and disadvantages, and none is suitable for all experiments.
Comparative evaluation of three machine learning algorithms on improving orbit prediction accuracy

In this paper, the recently developed machine learning (ML) approach to improve orbit prediction accuracy is systematically investigated using three ML algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and Gaussian processes (GPs). In a simulation environment consisting of orbit propagation, measurement, estimation, and prediction processes, totally 12 resident space objects (RSOs) in solar-synchronous orbit (SSO), low Earth orbit (LEO), and medium Earth orbit (MEO) are simulated to compare the performance of three ML algorithms. The results in this paper show that ANN usually has the best approximation capability but is easiest to overfit data; SVM is the least likely to overfit but the performance usually cannot surpass ANN and GPs. Additionally, the ML approach with all the three algorithms is observed to be robust with respect to the measurement noise.
“Who you are in these pieces of paper”: Imagining Future Kinship through Auto/Biographical Adoption Documents in the United States

At First Steps, a small private adoption agency outside Chicago, social workers spent more time processing paperwork than interacting with clients. In addition to mediating the relationship between individuals and the bureaucratic adoption apparatus, these documents created anticipatory (p)re-kinned subjectivities. Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out between 2009 and 2016, this article examines the completion and circulation of two different forms of auto/biographical documentation during the adoption process: the birth parent file and the adoptive family profile. These documents played a vital role in the adoption process by simultaneously enabling the creation and dissolution of kinship, through the folding of past, present, and future narratives and possibilities into adoption knowledge and decision making. Aided by the documentary termination of birth parental rights and the imagination of visual and narrative adoptive futures, domestic adoption legally split biological kinship from social kinship, rendering the former past and the latter present/future.
Weak Correlation between Nucleotide Variation and Recombination Rate across the House Mouse Genome.

Positive selection and purifying selection reduce levels of variation at linked neutral loci. One consequence of these processes is that the amount of neutral diversity and the meiotic recombination rate are predicted to be positively correlated across the genome-a prediction met in some species but not others. To better document the prevalence of selection at linked sites, we used new and published whole-genome sequences to survey nucleotide variation in population samples of the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from Germany, France, and Gough Island, a remote volcanic island in the south Atlantic. Correlations between sequence variation and recombination rates estimated independently from dense linkage maps were consistently very weak (ρ ≤ 0.06), though they exceeded conventional significance thresholds. This pattern persisted in comparisons between genomic regions with the highest and lowest recombination rates, as well as in models incorporating the density of transcribed sites, the density of CpG dinucleotides, and divergence between mouse and rat as covariates. We conclude that natural selection affects linked neutral variation in a restricted manner in the western European house mouse.
Traumatic Brain Injury, Working Memory, and Violent Crime in a Sample of U.S. Service Members Involved in the Military Justice System.

Introduction This study examined working memory impairment following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among active duty service members charged with criminal offenses. The prevalence of mTBI among service members involved in the military justice system is unknown. Impairments associated with mTBI may affect cognitive processes related to psycholegal capacities, and history of mTBI may have a persuasive appeal when explaining questions of culpability. The degree to which mTBI affects psycholegal abilities through cognitive impairment, however, is unknown. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study of U.S. service members who presented for forensic evaluation (n = 80). Completed forensic evaluations (eg, criminal responsibility, competence to stand trial, risk assessment) were the source of data. Working Memory Index (WMI) score of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition was used as an index of sequelae after brain injury. Results A history of mTBI was present in 20% of the sample. The mean time from mTBI diagnosis to presentation for forensic evaluation was 3.96 years. The mTBI-positive group had a mean WMI = 98 and the mTBI-negative group had a mean WMI = 103. The difference in WMI scores between groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study suggests that a history of mTBI is common among service members charged with criminal offenses. The findings that working memory scores were in the average range among service members with mTBI history may suggest that history of mTBI does not impair psycholegal relevant cognition. More research is needed to clarify how history of mTBI affects service member psycholegal capacities.
Bilingual novel word learning in sentence contexts: Effects of semantic and language variation

Abstract Research on word learning demonstrates that meanings of novel words are better recalled when those words are encountered in a variety of semantic contexts than when encountered in the same repeated context. The present study examines how semantic and non-semantic contextual variations in word learning encounters impact learning the meanings of novel words. Across two experiments, highly proficient Spanish-English bilinguals studied rare words in repeated or varied semantic contexts, presented in only one language or in both languages. Participants recalled more word meanings when semantic context was varied rather than repeated at study, and this effect did not differ for the more and less proficient languages. However, varying the language context provided no benefit relative to studying words in only one language. Performance patterns were consistent for visual and auditory study modalities, and in both recall and recognition tasks, performance was less accurate overall in the less proficient language than in the more proficient language. These findings replicate the advantage of semantic variation observed in monolingual studies and is the first to directly compare learning from varied and repeated semantic contexts for more and less proficient languages in bilinguals.
Bradycardia Due to Donepezil in Adults: Systematic Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background Bradycardia is a physiological condition characterized by a decrease in heart rate and is a side effect of many drug classes. Bradycardia has been reported as an adverse event for patients receiving donepezil for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Objective The purpose of the paper is to systematically investigate the association between the occurrence of bradycardia in adults and the usage of donepezil using clinical data derived from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods The risk of bradycardia in patients who only took donepezil was compared with those of patients who only took over-the-counter medications, multiple arrhythmia drugs, or other medications for AD treatment. In addition, this study sought to determine if this heightened bradycardia risk was influenced by sex, age, and dosage. Results The results indicated that there was a significant greater likelihood of reporting bradycardia in patients administered donepezil than most of the drugs investigated. There was no significant association between age or the dosage of donepezil and the likelihood of reporting bradycardia. However, males were found to be more likely than females to report bradycardia as an adverse event. Tumor necrosis factor inhibition and the stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase were proposed to be the primary mechanism of actions which confer elevated bradycardia risk when using donepezil. Conclusion These findings identified strong association between the usage of donepezil and bradycardia in adults as well as provided insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms that induce bradycardia by donepezil.
Utilizing OAM in Terahertz Frequency Band to Improve Transmission Capacity

As one of the potential 6G technologies, terahertz positively affects the data rate, supports ultra-dense connection, and realizes low-latency transmission. How to make better use of the terahertz frequency is one focus of the future 6G research. Moreover, orbital angular momentum (OAM) is promised to effectively increase the system capacity with reduced hardware complexity. The application of OAM in the terahertz frequency band is investigated in this paper, giving the pros and cons. First, the characteristics of the terahertz channel are analyzed, and the feasibility of applying terahertz OAM is confirmed. Then, the investigation of terahertz OAM proves that working at terahertz frequency can effectively solve the beam divergence, and a novel receiving antenna design is proposed to reduce the receiving aperture size further. Finally, the capacity characteristics of OAM and MIMO in the terahertz frequency band are analyzed to prove the effectiveness and the necessity of applying terahertz OAM.
A review of the Indian species of Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 and Corinnomma Karsch, 1880, synonymy of Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser, 1934, and a catalogue of the Indian corinnid fauna (Arachnida: Araneae)

Indian species of the genera Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 and Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 are reviewed. Corinnomma rufofuscum Reimoser, 1934 syn. nov. is synonymised with A. nitidum (Thorell, 1895). Redescriptions of A. nitidum and C. severum (Thorell, 1877) are provided, and two colour morphs (brown and black) of A. nitidum are illustrated. Supplementary descriptions for A. dolosum Simon, 1897 and C. comulatum Thorell, 1891 are provided. The species Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser, 1934 syn. nov. is recognised as a junior synonym of Coenoptychus pulcher Simon, 1885. Images of all the examined type material are provided and a catalogue of Indian corinnid species is presented.