cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of PET/CT standardized uptake value measurements between dedicated workstations and a PACS-integrated workstation system.

This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of a Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) analysis module of a picture archiving communication system (PACS) workstation in comparison to a dedicated PET/CT interpretation workstation. The study included 32 consecutive patients referred for an [18F] Fluro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT at our institution. Images were reviewed at dedicated PET/CT and at PACS-integrated workstations. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for the liver and the lung. Maximum SUVs were recorded for the bladder and an index lesion with the highest FDG uptake. The time spent for SUV measurements was recorded. Correlation of the SUV measurements was calculated with the Pearson coefficient. Pearson coefficients between the workstations ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 for bladder and lesion maximum SUVs. For liver and lung average SUVs, the coefficients varied from 0.53 to 0.98. The mean time spent to perform the four SUV measurements was 122.6 s for the dedicated workstations and 134.6 s for the PACS-integrated system. The correlation of SUV measurements between dedicated PET/CT and PACS-integrated workstations is very good, especially for maximum SUVs. For routine reading of PET/CT scans, a PACS workstation with a PET/CT analysis module offers an excellent alternative to the use of a dedicated PET/CT workstation.
Emily Dickinson's THERE CAME A WIND LIKE A BUGLE

There came a Wind like a bugle— It quivered through the Grass And a Green Chill upon the heat So ominous did pass We barred the Windows and the Doors As from an Emerald Ghost— The Doom's Electric M...
Tissue calcium levels, spontaneous and diet-induced cardiovascular lesions in mice.

Summary Spontaneous cardiovascular lesions developed in DBA mice and increased in incidence with age. Similar spontaneous lesions were absent in C mice. When both strains were fed a thrombogenic (atrial) diet the DBA mice showed a much greater incidence of cardiac damage. The atrial and ventricular calcium levels of normal DBA mice increased with age and were four times those in C mice. An increase of calcium with age did not occur in C mice. Calcium levels of these organs for both strains of mice paralleled the incidence of lesions observed. The higher calcium level was associated with the greater incidence of the lesions in the DBA strain.
TH-C-201B-01: Changes in Radiation Dose of Abdominal and Pelvic Computed Tomography Examinations over a Seven Year Period

PURPOSE: Computed tomography(CT) technology has rapidly evolved. Phantom studies show higher radiation doses with increasing detector rows. However scanner‐based dose‐reduction techniques have also evolved. Given these opposing trends that impact patient dose it is unclear whether doses increased have or decreased over time. Using an automated dose information extraction tool we analyzed trends in radiation doses over time for abdominal and pelvic examinations at our institution. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Radiation dose (total DLP) from 1716 abdominal and pelvic CT examinations performed between 2003 and 2010 were analyzed. Examinations were performed on 6 MDCT scanners ranging from 4 to 64 detectors. Dose data from protocol sheets was extracted using a novel extraction system. RESULTS: Average DLP for CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis performed in 2003 was 728.9 +/−278 mGy‐cm. Average DLP for examinations performed in 2010 was 1034 +/− 458 mGy‐cm a 41.8% increase. For a 16 slice scanner in constant use since 2003 average DLP increased from 728.9 +/− 278 mGy‐cm in 2003 to 1004 +/− 421 mGy‐cm in 2010 a 37.7% increase. For abdominal and pelvic examinations from the year 2010 average DLP for exams performed on 16‐slice scanners (2 total) was 1094 +/− 478 mGy‐cm. The average DLP for examinations performed on 64‐slice scanners (3 total) was 1245 +/− 598 mGy‐cm which is an average 13.8% higher dose. CONCLUSIONS: Average CT radiation dose has increased over time. Scanners with greater numbers of detector rows delivered a higher radiation dose. Patient radiation doses for abdominal and pelvic examinations performed on a given scanner also increased over time. The upward trend in dose is likely due to a combination of hardware factors protocol changes and potentially changes in the patient population. Knowledge of these trends is important for effective implementation of dose reduction protocols and quality assurance.
Recovery of putative pathogens from paper point sampling at different depths of periodontal lesions.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the recovery of three putative periodontal pathogens from periodontal lesions in samples using paper points inserted to different depths of the lesions. METHODS Twenty 6-8 mm deep periodontal lesions with bleeding on probing were studied. Microbial samples were obtained using paper points inserted to three different depths of the lesions: orifice of lesion; 2 mm into the lesion; and to the base of lesion. Culturing was used for recovery and identification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. RESULTS The recovery of each of the three putative periodontal pathogens was similar following sampling at the various depths of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS The findings may be explained by the fact that the paper points become saturated as they pass through the orifice of the lesion. Absorption of microorganisms will therefore primarily occur at the orifice. It is also conceivable that the pathogens may be present in similar proportions throughout the various depths of the periodontal lesions.
The impact of morbid obesity on the state economy: an initial evaluation.

Abstract Background Obesity's impact on a state's economy has not been fully analyzed. This study compared bariatric surgery demographics at a large university hospital to that of a broader region's population statistics. From this comparison, an economic model was derived that evaluated, for the state of New Mexico, the cost of obesity in terms of lost business output, employment, and income. Methods Between September 2003 and September 2005, we analyzed the charts of all of our patients from New Mexico who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass and laparoscopic banding. Input-output analysis estimate margins, the purchase prices for goods and services, and regional purchase coefficients, the percent of spending by local suppliers, were used to model the regional economy. Collected patient data, used in conjunction with IMPLAN model data, were used to estimate, on a regional basis, an industry-by-industry formulation of input-output accounts to calculate multipliers in order to assess the impact of economic costs of the obese on the general economy. Results Total labor income impacts are nearly $200 million, $1,660 of output income per household and $245 of labor income per household. Obesity cost New Mexico more than 7,300 jobs and cut state and local tax revenues by more than $48 million. Conclusion Obesity's impact of more than $1.3 billion amounts to 2.5% of New Mexico's gross state product. Governmental measures to combat this menace are warranted.
Dominant Lethal Mutations in Insects with Holokinetic Chromosomes. 2. Irradiation of Sperm of Cabbage Looper

Female cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), were crossed with males irradiated with 20 krad of gamma irradiation. Eggs were collected, fixed, and stained for microscopic examination after 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. Many of the eggs produced by the treated females showed no sign of embryonic development. Thus, a major cause of nonhatching eggs may be failure to fertilize. Eggs that were fertilized with irradiated sperm showed slower early embryonic development than those which were fertilized by untreated sperm. No chromosomal abnormalities were apparent, and virtually all embryos developed into well-formed larvae that failed to hatch. The absence of early acting lethals may be characteristic of radiation studies with lepidopteran males.
Cloning and stem cells--handicapping the political and scientific debates.

On August 9, 2001, President George W. Bush delivered an extraordinary prime-time television address to the nation that was devoted exclusively to an arcane topic of basic biomedical research: human embryonic stem cells. After months of factfinding and rancorous debate, Bush announced that federal funding would indeed be provided for the study of these remarkable cells, though only for preexisting stocks. Although disappointing to those who had hoped he would banish all such research, Bush's decision was at its core an endorsement of the promise of human embryonic stem cells and their importance to the fledgling field of regenerative medicine. . . .
Multiple Methods, More Success: How to Help Students of All Learning Styles Succeed in Quantitative Political Analysis Courses

It is often advised to “know your audience” before giving a lecture, and this is especially important when we lecture to students. Moreover, knowing your audience is critical in quantitative analysis courses, where it can be especially challenging to teach mostly math-phobic students. But it is in quantitative analysis courses where faculty may know their audience the least. While many subfields in the discipline have implemented pedagogical innovations such as seminar-style discussion, simulations, and even learning communities, quantitative methods courses seem to be the last hold-out for the traditional lecture format.
INFLUENCE OF PHOTON FLUX DENSITY IN THE 400–700 nm WAVEBAND ON INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS BY UV‐B (280–320 nm) IRRADIATION IN SOYBEAN LEAVES: SEPARATION OF INDIRECT AND IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

— Visible radiation can substantially influence the degree to which plant photosynthesis is inhibited by UV-B radiation. This study was designed to separate the immediate effects of visible radiation on UV-B photosynthetic inhibition from the indirect influence of visible irradiation on morphological and physiological properties of leaves during leaf development. Soybean plants were pretreated in growth chambers with either high or low visible irradiance (750 and 70 μmol m-2s-1 quantum flux in the 400–700 nm waveband, respectively) during the development of leaves used subsequently for UV irradiation. Test leaves still attached to the plant were exposed to 5 h of polychromatic UV-B irradiation and the photosynthetic capacity (net CO2 exchange) was determined before and after the UV irradiation. During the UV irradiation, plants from both pretreatment groups received either high or low visible flux. Development of leaves in the high visible flux pretreatment conditions resulted in thicker leaves, higher chlorophyll a/b ratios, more UV-absorbing pigments, and reduced sensitivity to the UV-B irradiation. However, higher visible flux during the UV-B irradiation resulted in greater depression of photosynthesis by the UV-B irradiation. The relative magnitude of photosynthetic depression under these treatment combinations was the same when photosynthesis was measured under either light-limited or light-saturated conditions.
Some Recent Applications of Instanton and Related Techniques in Condensed-Matter Physics

"In recent years the ideas of decay of a metastable state by quantum tunnelling of a field, and also of tunnelling between degenerate vacua, have played a major role in particle physics. Analogous problems occur also in condensed-matter physics, where they tend to be more tractable quantitatively because the role of the field is mainly to provide dissipation for the "primary" tunnelling variable. While the explicitly field-theoretic aspects of the problem are in this sense rather trivial, many of the techniques popular in quantum field theory have been applied successfully to such condensed-state problems, and I review here some of these applications." It is a great pleasure to dedicate this paper to Professor Takeo Matsubara, in whose research group at Kyoto University I had the privilege to spend a very pleasant and profitable year as a postdoctoral research associate, and to wish him many more happy years of activity in theoretical physics. One of the dominant themes to emerge in theoretical physics over the last thirty years, in which the work of Matsubara and his collaborators has of course played a leading role, . is the realization that there are many close parallels at the formal, and sometimes also at the substantial, level between the problems encountered in field theory and particle physics and those met in the statistical physics of condensed matter. This paper deals with the application of one particular technique very well known in the field-theory context, that of "instantons" and "bounces", to problems in condensed-matter physics. As a matter of fact, in this case the technique, or at least the part dealing with "bounces", actually originated l ) in the condensed-matter area and was subsequently rediscovered 2 ) by the particle physicists. However, in the last three or four years it has been realized that its convenience for condensed-matter problems is much greater than had been previously appreciated.
Aligning Shape Rule Creation With Modular Design: Minimizing the Cost of Using Shape Grammars

Shape grammars provide the means to represent the physical embodiment of a class of products in a set of generative rules. Once developed, the shape grammar can be used to generate new forms through automated synthesis or interaction by one or more designers. However, a fundamental shortcoming of this rule-based system is that creating the shape rules is time consuming and imprecise. The traditional approach to create a set of rules from an existing set of products was an ad hoc process of generalizing form, identifying feature options, and classifying logical subdivisions of the complete product geometry. This paper proposes a formal method of shape grammar creation that is aligned with well-known design methodologies and tools in order to enable the creation of a shape grammar during the product development process. The established methodologies for creating functional models and modular products provide many of the requisite steps for creating a shape grammar and provide a skeleton onto which a rule creation approach can be mapped.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Potentiation of 1-2-dimethylhydrazine-induced bowel carcinogenesis by the urinary bladder carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.

Male inbred 10-12 week old Wistar/Furth rats received either no carcinogen, or 1-2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 20 mg/kg body weight s.c. once weekly for 16 weeks, or N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide (FANFT) 0.2% of the feed for 16 weeks, or DMH and FANFT concurrently. Thirty-three weeks after carcinogen exposure, all surviving treated and control animals were killed and examined for bowel and urinary bladder tumors. Adenocarcinomas of the large and small bowel occurred in approximately 33% of DMH-treated animals, and transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in approximately 33% of the FANFT-treated animals. After concurrent exposure to both carcinogens, no increased incidence of bladder tumors was noted compared to FANFT treatment alone. However, the number of animals with one or more adenocarcinomas of the bowel (22/30 versus 17/50, p < 0.001), the mean number of tumors per animal (2.1 +/- 0.2 versus 1.1 +/- 0.1, p < 0.01), and the invasiveness of the tumors through the bowel wall were all significantly increased after DMH + FANFT compared to DMH exposure alone.
Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Baseline Control Law: Architecture and Performance Predictions

A model reference dynamic inversion control law has been developed to provide a baseline control law for research into adaptive elements and other advanced flight control law components. This controller has been implemented and tested in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation; the simulation results show excellent handling qualities throughout the limited flight envelope. A simple angular momentum formulation was chosen because it can be included in the stability proofs for many basic adaptive theories, such as model reference adaptive control. Many design choices and implementation details reflect the requirements placed on the system by the nonlinear flight environment and the desire to keep the system as basic as possible to simplify the addition of the adaptive elements. Those design choices are explained, along with their predicted impact on the handling qualities.
Calcium Budget in Frio Sandstones, Southwest Texas: ABSTRACT

Studies of active burial diagenesis in Frio (Oligocene) sandstones in the temperature range 90 to 160°C (burial depth, 2,500 to 4,450 m), combined with other studies at lower temperatures, show important sources and sinks for calcium. The main calcium sources are conversion of smectite to illite (40 to >150°C), pressure solution of detrital micrite (<90°C), albitization of calcic plagioclase (100 to 120°C), and to a lesser extent devitrification of acidic volcanic glass (<90°C). The main calcium sink is cement-forming calcite. The composition of the calcite appears to reflect the various sources, thus calcite cement from the breakdown of smectite shows a late-stage iron-magnesium enrichment, whereas calcite replacing albitized plagioclase is nearly pure calcite. Another sink for calcium, previously undescribed for the Gulf Coast Tertiary, is authigenic sphene which is found at temperatures greater than 150°C. End_of_Article - Last_Page 678------------
Particulate Pictures and Kinetic-Molecular Theory Concepts: Seizing an Opportunity

This work examines commonly used particulate-level pictures meant to illustrate gases. These pictures are found throughout textbooks in the middle grades through the college level, as well as in questions frequently used to assess conceptual learning in students. This work uses the kinetic-molecular theory of gases to demonstrate the inaccuracies often present in these figures, which offers the opportunity to address model limitations to students and to develop better pictures. A basis for using these pictures to discuss models and ideas for ways these pictures can be used for inquiry activities based on analysis of scales is also discussed.
Effect of thermal cycling on ZrO2Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings

Abstract A study was made of the comparative lifetimes of plasma-sprayed ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 thermal barrier coatings on NiCrAlY bond coats on Rene 41 in short (4 min) and long (57 min) thermal cycles to 1040°C in a 0.3 Mach flame. Short cycles greatly reduced the life of the ceramic coating in terms of time at temperature as compared with longer cycles. The appearance of the failed coating indicated compressive failure. Failure occurred at the bond coat-ceramic coat junction. At heating rates greater than 550 kW m −2 , the calculated coating detachment stress was in the range of literature values of coating adhesive/cohesive strength. Methods are discussed for decreasing the effect of high heating rate by avoiding compressive stress.
Risk factors for development of neurologic disease after experimental exposure to equine herpesvirus-1 in horses.

Objective—To identify risk factors associated with development of clinical neurologic signs in horses exposed to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). Animals—36 adult horses. Procedures—Blood samples collected before and after challenge inoculation with nonneuropathogenic or neuropathogenic EHV-1 were analyzed for leukocyte-associated viremia, serum neutralizing antibody, and EHV-1–specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLPs). Associations between variables and neurologic disease and correlations between age category or breed and development of neurologic disease were examined. Results—9 horses developed CNS signs (ataxia, hind limb paresis or paralysis, bladder atony, or recumbency). Neurologic deficits were correlated with infection by a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1, age > 20 years, high postexposure viremic load, and low preexposure concentration of CTLPs. No significant correlations were observed between preinfection titers or horse breed and postinfection development of neurologic signs. Conclusion...
Molecular cloning and immunological characterization of porcine kidney ferredoxin.

Abstract Porcine renodoxon is a kidney mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein (ISP) that functions to transfer electron to cytochromes P450 of the vitamin D pathway. A fulllength cDNA clone to porcine renodoxin was isolated in the current investigation and used to study the protein's primary structure and immunological properties. The cysteine ligands for the iron-sulfur center, and the surface protein-binding and phosphorylation sites occupied identical positions in both porcine renodoxin and bovine adrenodoxin. Furthermore, porcine renodoxin was functionally indistinguishable from bovine adrenodoxin and the mature forms of both proteins had the same encoded length and shared ∼91% sequence similarity. A synthetic peptide to the surface protein-binding region was used to demonstrate the antigenicity of the domain in both the porcine and the bovine ISPs. However, porcine renodoxin displayed only limited immunological identity to other regions of bovine adrenodoxin as measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Part of this immunological distinction was attributed to the COOH-terminal processing of porcine renodoxin, an action which negated expression of a COOH-terminal antigenic site that is present in bovine adrenodoxin. Other antigenic differences were linked to charged-residue substitutions that were located in predicted surface domains. The highest frequency of surface-residue substitutions in ferredoxin proteins was predicted for porcine renodoxin, which could provide a basis for understanding why the pig protein appears more antigenically divergent than other ferredoxins.
Development of a 96-well plate iodine binding assay for amylose content determination

Abstract Cereal starch amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) is critical in functional properties for food and industrial applications. Conventional methods of AM/AP are time consuming and labor intensive making it difficult to screen the large sample sets necessary for evaluating breeding samples and investigating environmental impact on starch development. The objective was to adapt and optimize the iodine binding assay in a 96-well plate format for measurement at both λ 620 nm and λ 510 nm. The standard curve for amylose content was scaled to a 96-well plate format and demonstrated R2 values of 0.999 and 0.993 for single and dual wavelengths, respectively. The plate methods were applicable over large ranges of amylose contents: high amylose maize starch at 61.7 ± 2.3%, normal wheat starch at 29.0 ± 0.74%, and a waxy maize starch at 1.2 ± 0.9%. The method exhibited slightly greater amylose content values than the Concanavalin A method for normal type starches; but is consistent with cuvette scale iodine binding assays.
A new assay for picomole levels of androsterone and testosterone using Co-immobilized luciferase, oxidoreductase, and steroid dehydrogenase.

Abstract Purified NADH: flavine mononucleotide oxidoreductase and luciferase from Beneckea harveyi have been covalently attached to Sepharose 4B. Compared to the arylamine glass bead immobilized enzymes, the Sepharose-immobilized preparations have a much higher activity. The Sepharose-bound enzymes can be used to determine quantitatively NADH in the range of 1 pmol to 2 nmol. When glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is coimmobilized with the oxidoreductase and luciferase on Sepharose, it is possible to assay glucose 6-phosphate in the range of 10 pmol to 20 nmol. Immobilization of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with the light-emitting system gives a preparation that can rapidly determine 0.8 pmol of either androsterone or testosterone. In all examples cited, the immobilized enzymes are catalytically more efficient than a comparable mixture of the soluble enzymes.
A short‐exposure, sublethal, sediment toxicity test using the marine bivalve Mulinia lateralis: Statistical design and comparative sensitivity

Over the last 10 years a great deal of research effort has concentrated on determining the effects of contaminated sediments on aquatic organisms. For marine systems, this effort has emphasized acute sediment toxicity tests using amphipods, although a variety of other end points and species have been used. Another candidate species for marine, solid-phase, sublethal sediment toxicity testing is the bivalve Mulinia lateralis. Useful attributes of this euryhaline bivalve include a wide geographic distribution (along the North American Atlantic coast from Prince Edward Island to the Gulf of Mexico), easy lab culture, and amenability to toxicity testing applications (end points are mortality and growth [milligrams per organism dry weight]). Detailed in this paper are organism selection and culture, establishment of statistical design, and an estimate of organism mortality and sublethal response variability. Results of Mulinia lateralis toxicity tests with 65 contaminated sediments from eight sites are reported, as well as results of comparative toxicity tests using two amphipod species, Ampelisca abdita and Eohaustorius estu-arius. Analysis of statistical power indicates treatment weight and survival responses that are 25% different from the site control responses can be detected with a probability of 95%. Results of comparative toxicity tests illustrate that although Mulinia lateralis and amphipod acute end points are relatively similar in sensitivity, utilization of the Mulinia lateralis sublethal growth end point greatly increases test sensitivity. This paper describes a new marine sediment toxicity test that complements the existing suite of marine sediment toxicity assessment techniques.
Description and repeatability of a newly developed spinal cord injury scale for dogs

The objectives of this study were to describe a new spinal cord injury scale for dogs, evaluate repeatability through determining inter-rater variability of scores, compare these scores to another established system (a modified Frankel scale), and determine if the modified Frankel scale and the newly developed scale were useful as prognostic indicators for return to ambulation. A group of client-owned dogs with spinal cord injury were examined by 2 independent observers who applied the new Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score (TSCIS) and a modified Frankel scale that has been used previously. The newly developed scale was designed to describe gait, postural reactions and nociception in each limb. Weighted kappa statistics were utilized to determine inter-rater variability for the modified Frankel scale and individual components of the TSCIS. Comparisons were made between raters for the overall TSCIS score and between scales using Spearman's rho. An additional group of dogs with surgically treated thoracolumbar disk herniation was enrolled to look at correlation of both scores with spinal cord signal characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ambulatory outcome at discharge. The actual agreement between raters for the modified Frankel scale was 88%, with a weighted kappa value of 0.93. The TSCIS had weighted kappa scores for gait, proprioceptive positioning and nociception components that ranged from 0.72 to 0.94. Correlation between raters for the overall TSCIS score was Spearman's rho=0.99 (P<0.001). Comparison of the overall TSCIS score to the modified Frankel score resulted in a Spearman's rho value of 0.90 (P<0.001). The modified Frankel score was weakly correlated with the length of hyperintensity of the spinal cord: L2 vertebral body length ratio on mid-sagittal T2-weighted MRI (Spearman's rho=-0.45, P=0.042) as was the overall TSCIS score (Spearman's rho=-0.47, P=0.037). There was also a significant difference in admitting modified Frankel scores (P=0.029) and admitting overall TSCIS scores (P=0.02) between dogs that were ambulatory at discharge and those that were not. Results from this study suggest that the TSCIS is an easy to administer scale for evaluating canine spinal cord injury based on the standard neurological exam and correlates well with a previously described modified Frankel scale.
The Love-Fear Antinomy in Deuteronomy 5-11

[Abstract Examines the lexemes “love” (ʾhb) and “fear” (yrʾ) in Deut 5-11 in order better to understand the way they complement each other in both their cognitive and affective domains. The affective domain of “love” in Deuteronomy has not been appreciated fully in exegetical work on chs. 5-11 because (a) most scholars assume a commanded love can only be cognitive, and (b) the ancient Near Eastern treaty parallels suggest such a cognitive, behavioral interpretation. This study will argue not only that “love” in Deut 5-11 has affective connotations, confirming other recent research on this topic, but will suggest further that love-terminology and fear-terminology have been combined in Deuteronomy in both their cognitive and affective aspects in order to demarcate the connotations of each. The result of this deliberate antinomy is that “love” is restricted in order to prevent an affection devoid of reverence. Conversely, “fear” is restricted to prevent a terror devoid of delight. The two lexemes complement each other in Deut 5-11 deliberately to define the covenant relationship between YHWH and Israel, and thereby create a covenant ethic for ancient Israel., AbstractExamines the lexemes “love” (hb) and “fear” (yr) in Deut 5-11 in order better to understand the way they complement each other in both their cognitive and affective domains. The affective domain of “love” in Deuteronomy has not been appreciated fully in exegetical work on chs. 5-11 because (a) most scholars assume a commanded love can only be cognitive, and (b) the ancient Near Eastern treaty parallels suggest such a cognitive, behavioral interpretation. This study will argue not only that “love” in Deut 5-11 has affective connotations, confirming other recent research on this topic, but will suggest further that love-terminology and fear-terminology have been combined in Deuteronomy in both their cognitive and affective aspects in order to demarcate the connotations of each. The result of this deliberate antinomy is that “love” is restricted in order to prevent an affection devoid of reverence. Conversely, “fear” is restricted to prevent a terror devoid of delight. The two lexemes complement each other in Deut 5-11 deliberately to define the covenant relationship between YHWH and Israel, and thereby create a covenant ethic for ancient Israel.]
A Multitrait Multimethod Comparison of Job Reinforcer Ratings of Supervisors and Supervisees.

Abstract The Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire was completed by 338 supervisors of nine jobs and 381 of their supervisees. The resulting Occupational Reinforcer Patterns (ORPs) were compared by correlational analysis and analysis of variance. ORPs from both groups had high split-group reliabilities. Strong support was obtained for the convergent and divergent validity of the civil engineer, elementary teacher, and radiologic technologist ORPs. Moderate support was demonstrated for the validity of the social caseworker, bank teller, automobile salesman, and salesman-driver ORPs, while the waiter-waitress and truck driver ORPs were found to be of questionable validity. The data suggest that supervisors and supervisees generally perceive reinforcer characteristics similarly, although the two groups of raters tended to disagree on the extrinsic reinforcers and on the reinforcer characteristics of lower level occupations.
A Risk‐Based Approach for Managing Hazardous Waste

In 1992 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed risk-based management of hazardous waste. A major component of the proposed rule is the determination on non-site-specific screening concentration levels from waste leachate. Ground water at a downgradient exposure point must not exceed those screening levels, or more stringent requirements would apply. The screening concentration level is determined with verified models and equations that simulate the transport and attenuation of chemicals as they travel from the source area to the exposure point. A consortium of screening levels is determined in this paper by considering varying physical, chemical, and biological conditions. In addition, a method is developed for multicomponent leaching from contaminated soils in a landfill to determine the time-dependent behavior of a finite source. Finally, this paper discussed infiltration rate through the clay liner.
Colonization and Sporulation of Phytophthora infestans on Volunteer Potatoes Under Western Washington Conditions

Growth, sporulation, and survival of Phytophthora infestans on volunteer potato tubers, was investigated under temperatures representative of winter (4°C, 7°C, and 10°C) and spring (13°C, 16°C, 19°C) soil conditions in western Washington. Inoculated tubers stored at 10°C for 8 days had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of disease symptoms on tuber surfaces and a higher number of lenticels and eyes with P. infestans sporulation compared to those stored at 4°C or 7°C. Sporulation of P. infestans on cut tuber surfaces was observed following 3-week storage at the three winter soil temperatures. After 12-week storage, tubers inoculated with a US-8 isolate had a significantly higher percentage of late blight on cut surfaces than those inoculated with a US-11 isolate (70% versus 50%, respectively). For spring soil temperature studies, tubers inoculated with the US-8 isolate and held at 19°C had a significantly higher number of lenticels per tuber with P. infestans sporulation than tubers held at 13°C or 16°C. Sporulation of P. infestans on tuber surfaces was detected on infected tubers buried 5-cm deep in potting medium at all tested winter and spring temperatures for 3- or 6-day periods, respectively. The site or depth of tuber inoculation with P. infestans did not influence tuber-to-sprout infection events and whether apical end or stem sprouts become infected. Tubers with late blight that survive the winter in western Washington and support sporulation of P. infestans via lenticels and eyes may enable the transmission of P. infestans from infected tissues to sprouts of volunteer plants. However, the impact of these events on primary inoculum production by P. infestans in the region is probably limited by the mild, winter conditions favoring tuber break-down in soil.
Is damage to the common bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy an inherent risk of the operation

Laparoscopic cholocystectomy has been practiced for close to 20 years. The rate of common duct injury remains somewhere between 0.4 to 0.7 percent and is approximately the same around the world. Recent papers have stressed ways in which laparoscopic common duct injury can be avoided, but none of the methods mentioned is foolproof. In addition, this complication can occur to even the most experienced laparoscopic surgeon. The author believes that injury to the common duct during laparoscopic cholocystectomy is not a result of the practice below the standard, but an inherent risk of the operation. This injury needs to be emphasized by the surgical community as an inherent risk of the operation, and patients should be fully informed of this potential complication.
Concept Analysis of Similarity Applied to Nursing Diagnoses: Implications for Educators

PURPOSE. This philosophical inquiry examined similarity using the concept analysis methodology by Walker and Avant (2005). DATA SOURCES. Data were obtained from Google, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and PubMed using keywords “similarity,”“concept analysis,” and “similarity concept analysis.” DATA SYNTHESIS. Various definitions, uses, and defining attributes of similarity were identified; model cases were presented along with antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. CONCLUSIONS. The concept analysis of similarity identified five defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and different ways to measure the concept. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE. Representing nursing care involves similarity and when applied can promote or enhance shared understanding.
A conserved role of IQGAP1 in regulating TOR complex 1

Defining the mechanisms that control cell growth and division is crucial to understanding cell homeostasis, which impacts human diseases such as cancer and diabetes. IQGAP1, a widely conserved effector and/or regulator of the GTPase CDC42, is a putative oncoprotein that controls cell proliferation; however, its mechanism in tumorigenesis is unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the center of cell growth control, is commonly activated in human cancers, but has proved to be an ineffective clinical target because of an incomplete understanding of its mechanisms in cell growth inhibition. Using complementary studies in yeast and mammalian cells, we examined a potential role for IQGAP1 in regulating the negative feedback loop (NFL) of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) that controls cell growth. Two-hybrid screens identified the yeast TORC1-specific subunit Tco89p as an Iqg1p-binding partner, sharing roles in rapamycin-sensitive growth, axial-bud-site selection and cytokinesis, thus coupling cell growth and division. Mammalian IQGAP1 binds mTORC1 and Akt1 and in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), cells expressing the mTORC1-Akt1-binding region (IQGAP1(IR-WW)) contained attenuated phosphorylated ERK1/2 (ERK1/2-P) activity and inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK3α/β), which control apoptosis. Interestingly, these cells displayed a high level of Akt1 S473-P, but an attenuated level of the mTORC1-dependent kinase S6K1 T389-P and induced mTORC1-Akt1- and EGF-dependent transformed phenotypes. Moreover, IQGAP1 appears to influence cell abscission and its activity is elevated in carcinoma cell lines. These findings support the hypothesis that IQGAP1 acts upstream on the mTORC1-S6K1→Akt1 NFL and downstream of it, to couple cell growth and division, and thus like a rheostat, regulates cell homeostasis, dysregulation of which leads to tumorigenesis or other diseases. These results could have implications for the development of the next generation of anticancer therapeutics.
Evaluation and Demonstration of Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation Controllers

Irrigation systems need to become more efficient to minimize the use of limited water resources while maintaining landscapes of acceptable quality to consumers. This manuscript gives a preliminary report on the evaluation of three commercially available evapotranspiration (ET) based controllers in residential landscaped plots with respect to irrigation application and landscape quality compared to a homeowner irrigation schedule. The irrigation treatments were as follows: T1, Weathermatic Smart Line Series controller; T2, Toro Intelli-sense; T3, ETwater Smart Controller 100; T4, a time-based treatment; and T5, 60% of T4. This paper reports preliminary results from May 25, 2006 to November 30, 2006. T1 overestimated ETo by 32%, but applied less water than all other treatments during the summer season. Water savings occurred even though ETo was overestimated due to an underestimation of the crop coefficient for warm season turfgrass [0.85 in Allen et al. (1998)] programmed into the controller (0.60) and due to frequent irrigation event bypass during the rainy summer season. The Weathermatic controller applied 11% and 14% less water than the theoretical gross irrigation requirement during the summer and fall seasons, respectively. The Toro Intelli-sense controller applied 126 mm in the fall, which was 40% less than theoretical requirements, and had the most accurate ETo of all the controllers. The ETwater controller overestimated ETo by 7% and applied 63% more irrigation water than was required theoretically. During this preliminary testing, the ET controllers did not result in turf quality below acceptable levels.
Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on water transport inponderosa pine

Many studies report that water flux through trees declines in response to elevated CO 2, but this response may be modified by exposure to increased temperatures. To determine whether elevated CO2 and temperature interact to affect hydraulic conductivity, we grew ponderosa pine seedlings for 24 wk in growth chambers with one of four atmospheric CO2 concentrations (350, 550, 750, and 1100 ppm) and either a low (158C nights, 258C days) or high (208C nights, 308C days) temperature treatment. Vapor pressure deficits were also higher in the elevated temperature treatment. Seedling biomass increased with CO2 concentration but was not affected by temperature. Root : shoot ratio was unaffected by CO2 and temperature. Leaf : sapwood area ratio (AL/AS) declined in response to elevated temperature but was not influenced by CO 2. Larger tracheid diameters at elevated temperature caused an increase in xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (KS). The increase in KS and decrease in AL/AS led to higher leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (KL) at elevated temperature. Stomatal conductance (gS) was correlated with KL across all treatments. Neither KS, KL, nor gS were affected by elevated CO2 concentrations. High KL in response to elevated temperature may support increased transpiration or reduce the incidence of xylem cavitation in ponderosa pine in future, warmer climates.
High frequency characterization and recording performance of NiFe and laminated FeN heads

A simple high frequency characterization technique extended from DC disk erasure is presented to measure the write field degradation for frequencies up to 500 Mfc/s (250 MHz) on plated NiFe and sputtered laminated FeN heads. The results show that eddy currents appear to be the main cause for high frequency write field degradation. Overwrite recording measurements, which may be used to approximate the non-linear write effects, also indicate that FeN heads, despite low efficiency, may be adequate for writing up to 100 MHz on a disk with a coercivity of 2500 Oe. This disk is capable of supporting 5-10 Gb/in/sup 2/ densities.
Bridging the gap: Cognitive scaffolding to improve computer programming for middle school teachers

Serendipity is a program targeted at middle school teachers with the goal of implementing dynamic system modeling across disciplines. The project targeted 3 teachers: science, math and social studies. Serendipity began during the summer where they were introduced to StarLogo, simulation software built on Logo. The goal was for each teacher to develop and to integrate a model into their core discipline. At the end of the summer the teachers had developed targeted models: FoodWeb, BandWagon and Debit or Credit. In order for the teachers to be able to program StarLogo effectively they had to conceptualize how they could use the software to teach important concepts in the core discipline.
Physical and chemical aging in PMMA and their effects on creep and creep rupture behavior

Samples of PMMA were aged at 80°C for between 1 h and 254 days and tested in creep in uniaxial extension at large stresses and at room temperature. Both chemical and physical aging effects were found to be important in determining the failure behavior of the samples. This behavior was found to be describable within the context of a commonly used failure criterion that the time to failure multiplied by the strain rate at failure is constant. The creep behavior was found to follow classical time–aging time and time–stress correspondence principles.
Yeast Mps1p Phosphorylates the Spindle Pole Component Spc110p in the N-terminal Domain

The yeast spindle pole body (SPB) component Spc110p (Nuf1p) undergoes specific serine/threonine phosphorylation as the mitotic spindle apparatus forms, and this phosphorylation persists until cells enter anaphase. We demonstrate that the dual-specificity kinase Mps1p is essential for the mitosis-specific phosphorylation of Spc110p in vivo and that Mps1p phosphorylates Spc110p in vitro. Phosphopeptides generated by proteolytic cleavage were identified and sequenced by mass spectrometry. Ser(60), Thr(64), and Thr(68) are the major sites in Spc110p phosphorylated by Mps1p in vitro, and alanine substitution at these sites abolishes the mitosis-specific isoform in vivo. This is the first time that phosphorylation sites of an SPB component have been determined, and these are the first sites of Mps1p phosphorylation identified. Alanine substitution for any one of these phosphorylated residues, in conjunction with an alanine substitution at residue Ser(36), is lethal in combination with alleles of SPC97, which encodes a component of the Tub4p complex. Consistent with a specific dysfunction for the alanine substitution mutations, simultaneous mutation of all four serine/threonine residues to aspartate does not confer any defect. Sites of Mps1p phosphorylation and Ser(36) are located within the N-terminal globular domain of Spc110p, which resides at the inner plaque of the SPB and binds the Tub4p complex.
Evolution of the Grain Size Distribution during the Sintering of Alumina at 1350°C

The objectives of this study are to provide some rare unfolded grain size distribution data for the sintering of alumina and to test for time invariance of the normalized grain size distribution as required by normal grain growth. The results show that ln ς doubled during the sintering times studied. The changes in the grain size distribution may be due to an increase in the number of relatively large grains combined with a reduction in the number of grain annihilation events compared with that required for time invariance of the normalized grain size distribution.
Some dynamical aspects of tropical cyclone concentric eyewalls

The intensification of tropical cyclones is often interrupted by an eyewall replacement cycle, a process in which an outer eyewall forms, contracts, and replaces an inner eyewall. The radial distributions of inertial stability and diabatic heating change during such events, impacting the transverse circulation. To examine the effects of such changes, an analytical solution of the transverse circulation equation associated with a balanced vortex model is derived using a parameterization that distinguishes five radial regions subdividing the domain by each region's values of inertial stability and diabatic heating. These regions define the eye, inner eyewall, moat, outer eyewall, and far-field. In mature concentric eyewall situations, the solutions do not support the hypothesis that the inner eyewall collapses as a direct result of subsidence from the outer eyewall. However, the results suggest subsidence and warming temperatures in the moat are governed by enhanced inertial stability associated with a strengthening outer eyewall. The model solutions also illustrate how the diabatic heating in the inner eyewall, imbedded in a region of high inertial stability, induces larger temperature tendencies than the diabatic heating in the outer eyewall, which borders the far-field region of low inertial stability. Thus, as the inner eyewall dies, the storm temporarily loses its ability to produce an intense, localized warm region. This ability is restored during the contraction and intensification of the outer eyewall. These results provide a partial dynamical explanation of how an eyewall replacement cycle can act as a temporary brake on tropical cyclone intensification. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society