cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parameter Identification for Bernoulli Serial Production Line Model

Model-based analysis of production systems is one of the main areas in manufacturing research. The foundation of the successful application of these theoretical studies is the availability of valid and high-fidelity mathematical models that are capable of capturing the behavior of job flow in production systems. The modeling process of a production system, however, may require a significant amount of nonstandardized work that can only be done properly by someone with solid training in the area and extensive experience through real case studies. This poses a critical challenge in the effective implementation of these valuable theoretical results in the Industry 4.0 era. To overcome this, we propose a new production systems modeling paradigm inspired by system identification: calculate production system model parameters that best match the standard system performance metrics measured on the factory floor. Specifically, in this article, we consider production lines characterized by the Bernoulli serial line model and develop algorithms that identify model parameters to fit the system throughput and work-in-process. Analytical algorithms are derived to solve this problem in a two-machine line case and then extended to multi-machine lines. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the algorithms are demonstrated through extensive numerical experiments. Note to Practitioners —A high-fidelity mathematical model is of critical importance to the implementation of any model-based production system analysis method. Currently, the construction of such models is carried out in an ad hoc manner. The quality of the resulting models may heavily depend on the training, experience, intuition, and personal preference of the modeler. The proposed model parameter identification method focuses on standard key performance indices commonly measured on the factory floor. The advantage is twofold. First, these standard performance metrics are consistently defined regardless of industry, thus avoiding any data-ambiguity issue that may occur when using complex machine/equipment status data. Second, measuring these performance metrics in real time is typically convenient and cost effective, even for manufacturing plants without high-end IT infrastructure, thus making the technology accessible to not only large but also small- and mid-sized manufacturers. Using the algorithms developed in this article, a practitioner can quickly construct a serial production line model and then utilize it to access the rich library of production analysis, design, and control methods available in the literature.
RELIGIOUS SELF-REGULATION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN ILOCOS REGION, PHILIPPINES AND THEIR SUNDAY EUCHARISTIC CELEBRATION ATTENDANCE

The study was to determine the relationship between religious self-regulation of students and their attendance on Sunday Eucharistic celebration using the concept of extrinsic motivation in terms of religious identified self-regulation and religious introjected self-regulation. The study used descriptive research design and explanation research. In order to carry out the study, questionnaires were used and adapted from SRQ_R (self-regulation Questionnaires: Religious) made by SDT or self-Determination Theory (n.d) and Ryan, Rigby, & King, (1993). The respondents of the study were 490 Senior High School students from Ilocos Region, Philippines. The study found that religious identified self-regulation and religious introjected self-regulation are high. However, taken as a whole, there was no correlation between religious self-regulation and attendance on Sunday Eucharistic celebration. But taking it singly, there is a correlation between religious identified self-regulation and attendance on Sunday Eucharistic celebration.
Secure Sharing of Spatio-Temporal Data through Name-based Access Control

As more and more mobile data is collected continuously in space and time for a variety of purposes such as health monitoring and driving behavior tracking, people are increasingly concerned about their privacy when sharing their data. To minimize privacy leakage, data owners often want to restrict the access to their data based on space and time constraints while meeting each data user’s specific needs. In this paper, we introduce an access control system over Named Data Networking (NDN) that allows data owners to schematize and control data access at a fine granularity with respect to time, space, and user needs. More specifically, we designed spatio-temporal access control policies using hierarchically structured names, extended Name-based Access Control to support spatio-temporal policies, and incorporated publish-subscribe functionality for real-time data sharing. Moreover, we developed an NDN-based prototype based on our design and evaluated its performance in sharing both real-time and historical data.
Unsettling colonialism: gender and race in the nineteenth-century global Hispanic world: edited by N. Michelle Murray and Akiko Tsuchiya, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2019, 302 pp., $95 (hardback), ISBN13 978-1438476452 / $32.95 (paperback), ISBN13 978-1438476469.

In recent years, scholarship examining colonialism and its legacies has seen a shift in focus away from narratives favoring Northern European imperial primacy, Anglo-American teleology and Northern...
Diagnostic Impact of Adrenal Vein Sampling in Adrenal Cushing's Syndrome.

ABSTRACT Background Adrenal Cushing's syndrome is characterized by ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is not routinely employed prior to management decisions, and few studies have investigated the value of AVS in this population. We assessed whether AVS provides a diagnostic benefit for treatment planning. Materials and Methods Six patients with imaging and biochemical evidence of adrenal Cushing's syndrome undergoing AVS at our institution from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, including demographic and clinical characteristics. AVS lateralization index was determined by comparing the (cortisol/ipsilateral reference hormone) ratios of both adrenal veins. lateralization index of 2 or greater was considered diagnostic of unilateral disease. Post-management clinical improvement was defined as serum cortisol normalization, symptomatic improvement, or both. Results Cross-sectional imaging noted bilateral adrenal enlargement or nodules in three patients, and unilateral nodules in three patients. AVS results were discordant with imaging in three patients. Treatment included medical management in two patients, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in one patient, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy in two patients. One patient was lost to follow up. AVS results aided management planning in five patients, definitively changing treatment from surgery to medical management in one patient. All five patients demonstrated clinical improvement. Conclusions AVS offered useful information for determining appropriate management of adrenal Cushing's syndrome, especially distinguishing unilateral from bilateral disease. Even in bilateral disease, AVS may show a dominant gland, potentially allowing a staged unilateral adrenalectomy, before assessing the need for completion adrenalectomy or medical management. Larger studies are needed to better establish whether AVS offers significant benefit for this population.
For what shall we search

Publisher Summary The central theme of the discussion in the chapter is the detection of exotic life, a topic that has received attention repeatedly in both popular and scientific literature. It poses certain basic questions—how should searches be conducted? how should experiments be designed? what questions should be asked? What approaches should be tried? What sort of grand strategy should be developed? These are questions that arise wherever research is planned and they are especially critical in terms of exobiology chiefly because of scientific challenges, difficulties and costs, and the potential rewards for a better understanding of life as is known on the Earth. The chapter says that instead of asking whether life is there, it should be asked as to what stage of organic evolution has been attained on the Martian surface. If there is no life on Mars, the chemical evidence of organic evolution from the raw constituents of the “primitive reducing atmosphere” through the abiotic synthesis of more complex organic compounds to the abundance and diversity presumably required for the appearance of life—all this evidence which on our planet was long ago destroyed by terrestrial life processes—would still be retained on a highly evolved but sterile Mars.
PRR7 protein levels are regulated by light and the circadian clock in Arabidopsis

Interlocking transcriptional loops and regulated protein degradation are the principal mechanisms involved in the generation of self-sustaining circadian rhythms in many organisms. In Arabidopsis the first proposed regulatory transcriptional loop involved the transcription factors CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and the pseudo-response regulator TIMING OF CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN (TOC1/PRR1). Recent findings indicate that the TOC1 homologues PRR7 and PRR9 might also be involved in transcriptional regulatory loops with CCA1 and LHY. In this study we show that the overexpression of PRR7 in Arabidopsis leads to severely compromised circadian rhythms. These transgenic lines display significantly reduced levels of CCA1 and LHY RNA, providing further evidence for a transcriptional feedback loop between PRR7 and these transcription factors. In addition, we show that the PRR7 protein is phosphorylated in a circadian regulated manner and that its levels are post-translationally regulated by both diurnal and circadian mechanisms. The Arabidopsis circadian oscillator is therefore likely to be entrained to light/dark cycles both through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Reliability of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) in adolescent medical practice.

Abstract Purpose: To determine the internal consistency and 1-week test–retest reliability of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) among adolescent medical patients. Methods: A research assistant administered the POSIT to a consecutive sample of 15- to 18-year-old patients arriving for routine medical care at a hospital-based adolescent medical practice. Each subject returned for a retest 1 week later. Internal consistency for each scale on test and retest was calculated using Cronbach alpha, and 1-week test–retest reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (r) and the kappa coefficient (κ). Results: The Substance Use/Abuse, Mental Health Status, Educational Status, and Aggressive Behavior/Delinquency scales had favorable alpha scores (> .70). Others, including Physical Health Status, had lower alpha scores. High intraclass correlation coefficients were found for all 10 POSIT scales (r = .72 to .88), although (r) was lower for males on two of the scales. Kappa coefficients for all scales indicated good reproducibility beyond chance (κ = .42 to .73). Conclusions: This study provided supportive evidence for the reliability of the POSIT in primary care medical settings, although some POSIT scales could likely be improved. The 20- to 30-min administration time is most practical in settings that are dedicated to adolescent medicine, and computerized administration and scoring are needed.
Molecular basis of infantile Batten disease: impact of disordered palmitoylated protein degradation on the nervous system (466.1)

S-palmitoylation (or more generally, S-fatty acylation) is a common cysteine modification of proteins that plays key roles in protein stability, protein-protein and protein-membrane interaction. Pa...
The polypeptides of adenovirus: V. Young virions, structural intermediate between top components and aged virions

Abstract Pulse-chase experiments of type 2 adenovirus-infected HeLa cells labeled with 35 S-methionine revealed that radioactivity was incorporated into “top components” (TCs), which are naturally occurring unfilled capsids, more rapidly than virions in the first hour or so of the chase period. At later times radioactivity in virions increased sharply over that of TCs. Precise analysis demonstrated that the radioactive TCs in the first 1 hr of chase consisted mainly of the upper TC ( p = 1.297), but after 17.5 hr chase radioactivity in the lower TC ( p = 1.306) predominated over that of the upper TC. Radioactive polypeptides in virions, TCs, and infected cells were analyzed by SDS-disc gel electrophoresis with the following findings: (1) Five previously undescribed polypeptides, Va, Vb, VIa, Vib, and VIIIa were incorporated rapidly, but did not accumulate as stable polypeptides in virions. With exception of Villa, these polypeptides were also observed in TCs. (2) Considering the 10 polypeptides common to virions and TCs it was found that radioactivity always appeared more rapidly in the polypeptide of TCs than in the corresponding polypeptide of virions during the first hour of chase. (3) Virion polypeptides VI and VII were detectable in the infected cells only after 5.5 hr and 2.5 hr chase, respectively. The in vitro incubation of purified pulse-labeled virions with a lysate of nonlabeled, infected cells at 37 °C decreased the radioactivity in the above-described five polypeptides preferentially, and increased the radioactivity in polypeptides VI, VII, and the VIIIb-X complex. The above results indicate the following: (1) In the virion population, ( p = 1.34), there is a subpopulation consisting of “young virions” carrying the five polypeptides which are absent in “aged virions.” (2) These five polypeptides are precursors of virion polypeptides VI, VII, and probably some virion polypeptides smaller than VII. The post-translational modification of these polypeptides to form aged virions takes place within young virions. The results are consistent with an order of morphogenesis; upper TC → young virion → aged virion.
Technology commitment and strategic resource pricing: A linear-quadratic model

Abstract This paper examines optimal pricing strategies by a resource seller when endogenously-determined investment by users in resource-specific technologies creates a ‘lagged’ resource demand structure. The analysis reveals that: (i) if the seller can credibly pre-commit to a resource price path at the initial date, the optimal path features ‘high’ prices at the outset, followed by ‘low’ prices over a subsequent interval and an ‘intermediate’ long-run price; (ii) a subgame-perfect equilibrium in feedback strategies features consistently ‘high’ prices and makes both seller and users worse off in the long run; but (iii) a subgame perfect equilibrium in trigger strategies can sustain the same outcome as the precommitment equilibrium.
Scene and motion reconstruction from defocused and motion-blurred images via anisotropic diffusion

We propose a solution to the problem of inferring the depth map, radiance and motion of a scene from a collection of motion-blurred and defocused images. We model motion-blur and defocus as an anisotropic diffusion process, whose initial conditions depend on the radiance and whose diffusion tensor encodes the shape of the scene, the motion field and the optics parameters. We show that this model is well-posed and propose an efficient algorithm to infer the unknowns of the model. Inference is performed by minimizing the discrepancy between the measured blurred images and the ones synthesized via forward diffusion. Since the problem is ill-posed, we also introduce additional Tikhonov regularization terms. The resulting method is fast and robust to noise as shown by experiments with both synthetic and real data.
Foreign Policy Votes and Presidential Support in Congress

This paper explores the role of foreign policy votes on presidential support in Congress. We postulate that a selection effect is inherent in this topic. Failing to consider that certain factors will influence whether a president takes a position on an issue in the first place can yield misleading results. For instance, presidents might not take positions during lame duck years or when their popularity is low. They might be more willing to take positions on international votes, votes requiring super majorities, or those that take place during a honeymoon period. In turn, this decision regarding position-taking can bias the outcome. We also capture the relationship between Congress and public opinion in our models as it is important to consider that the Congress is listening to its constituents as well. If the public identifies international problems as the most important to the nation, Congress might be more willing to vote in favor of the president on international votes. Testing key vote data from 1953 to 2003 for each chamber, we show that presidents are more likely to take positions if the vote is international, if the public identifies the “most important problems” as international ones, and if the vote requires a super majority for passage. They are less likely to take positions if they are up for reelection and are lame ducks. In turn, international votes, the percentage of the public identifying international problems as the most important, and the size of the president's majority have positive effects on presidential support. These findings are obscured if selection is not taken into account.
Characterization of Older Emergency Department Patients Admitted to Psychiatric Units

Background: Many older patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with psychiatric complaints require admission to geropsychiatric units (GPUs). The medical evaluation needed prior to this is not understood. Our goal was to understand ED evaluation practices for patients admitted to the GPU through the ED and understand the medical problems identified after admission. Methods: Via retrospective chart review, we abstracted demographics, medical history, ED complaint, evaluation, length of stay, and diagnosis. The number of patients later transferred from the GPU and the reasons for such transfers were also recorded. Results: Of 100 patients reviewed, the average age was 78 years. Admission diagnoses were agitation/mania (30%), depression/suicidal ideation (28%), change in mental status/confusion (12%) and other (30%). Most had at least one prior psychiatric and medical diagnosis (77%, 60%). Common ED tests ordered were basic metabolic panel (BMP) (96%), complete blood count (CBC) (94%), urinalysis (UA) (89%), electrocardiogram (EKG) (69%), alcohol level (62%), urine toxicology (61%), chest X-ray (51%), and CT scan of the head (71%). Abnormal findings included urinalysis (24.7%), CBC (23.4%), toxicology (23%), BMP (21.9%), head CT (21.1%), chest X-ray (13.7%), ECG changes (10.1%), and alcohol (4.8%). Five of the 100 GPU admissions were later transferred to a medical floor. Conclusion: Most GPU admissions have previous psychiatric and medical issues and are admitted for agitation/mania or depression/suicidal ideation. A certain percentage of patients are transferred out due to medical issues despite ED evaluation. However, it is unlikely that further ED testing would reduce this percentage. Further research of medical screening for geropsychiatric patients may elucidate ideal medical clearance procedures. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(11):840-844 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2311w
Gravity-Induced Changes in Intracellular Potentials in Elongating Cortical Cells of Mung Bean Roots

Gravity-induced changes in intracellular potentials in primary roots of 2-day-old mung bean (Vigna mungo L. cv. black matpe) seedlings were investigated using glass microelectrodes held by 3-dimensional hydraulic micro-drives. The electrodes were inserted into outer cortical cells within the elongation zone. Intracellular potentials, angle of root orientation with respect to gravity, and position within the root of the impaled cortical cell were measured simultaneously. Gravistimulation caused intracellular potential changes in cortical cells of the elongation zone. When the roots were oriented vertically, the intracellular potentials of the outer cortical cells (2 mm behind the root apex) were approximately - 115 mV. When the roots were placed horizontally cortical cells on the upper side hyperpolarized to - 154 mV within 30 s while cortical cells on the lower side depolarized to about - 62 mV. This electrical asymmetry did not occur in cells of the maturation zone. Because attempts to insert the electrode into cells of the root cap were unsuccessful, these cells were not measured. The hyperpolarization of cortical cells on the upper side was greatly reduced upon application of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), an inhibitor of respiratory energy coupling. When stimulated roots were returned to the vertical, the degree of hyperpolarization of cortical cells on the previous upper side decreased within 30 s and approached that of cortical cells in non-stimulated roots. This cycle of hyperpolarization/loss of hyperpolarization was repeatable at least ten times by alternately turning the root from the vertical to the horizontal and back again. The very short (<30 s) lag period of these electrical changes indicates that they may result from stimulus-perception and transduction within the elongation zone rather than from transmission of a signal from the root cap.
INDUCTION AND REPRESSION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Kinsky, Stephen C. (Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.). Induction and repression of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 82:898–904. 1961.—Techniques are described for studying induced enzyme formation in Neurospora crassa. The effects of various parameters (time, pH, nitrate concentration, etc.) on the induction of nitrate reductase were investigated. It was demonstrated that NH4+, which is the end product of the metabolic sequence initiated by nitrate reductase, repressed formation of the enzyme. Parallel to the formation of nitrate reductase there was an increase in reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH)-cytochrome c reductase activity. The relationship of these two activities to each other and to the constitutive TPNH-cytochrome c reductase present in noninduced mycelia is discussed.
Nematodes Collected by Gastric Lavage From Live American Alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, in Florida

Stomach nematodes were collected from 151 live American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, from 3 lakes (Apopka, Griffin, and Woodruff) in north-central Florida using a gastric lavage technique. Four species were identified: Dujardinascaris waltoni, Ortleppascaris antipini, Brevimulticaecum tenuicolle, and larvae of Contracaecum sp. Of these, D. waltoni was the most prevalent species in all 3 lakes and was more prevalent in Lake Apopka than in the other 2 lakes. This is the first record of Contracaecum larvae in the American alligator and the second record of O. antipini.
Streptokinase-mediated plasminogen activation using a recombinant dual fusion protein construct. A novel approach to study bacterial-host protein interactions

Abstract Streptokinase (SK), a plasminogen (Pg) activator secreted by groups A, C, and G streptococci, is extensively used as a pharmacological agent in thrombolytic therapy and possibly plays a role in streptococcal invasiveness and disease. SK activates Pg to plasmin (Ps) by forming an activator complex with Pg. However, the molecular basis whereby SK binds and activates Pg remains unclear, in part due to the rapid fragmentation of the SK-Pg complex. This study describes a solid phase approach to study this interaction in which a recombinant SK molecule was constructed with glutathione- S -transferase appended to the NH 2 terminus and (Gly) 3 (His) 8 appended to the COOH terminus. This dual fusion protein molecule, immobilized on either Sepharose- S -hexylglutathione or Ni 2+ dinitriloacetic acid-Sepharose was then used to study the interaction of SK with Pg. These SK-Pg complexes exhibited amidolytic and proteolytic activity similar to native SK, but the pattern of fragmentation of the SK molecule was dependent upon whether the SK molecule was immobilized either at its NH 2 − or COOH terminus. This solid phase approach may contribute to a greater understanding of the role of SK in Pg activation by enabling the ‘capture’ of intact activator complexes under physiological conditions and, in addition, may serve as a useful model to analyze other bacterial-host protein interactions important in the pathogenesis of disease.
Comparison of single voxel brain MRS AT 3T and 7T using 32-channel head coils.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of three different regions of the human brain between 3 and 7 Tesla, using the same subjects and closely matched methodology at both field strengths.
Using Virtual Observatories for Heliophysics Research

Scientific satellites, balloons, ground-based instruments, and other observational platforms are producing rich streams of data about the Earth and space. Ensuring widespread access to such data has led to the development of a new type of observatory: the virtual observatory. Existing only in cyberspace, virtual observatories are Web-based interfaces that point users to online data repositories. More important, they allow users not only to access and view multiple sources of information at the same time but also to cross-compare data to build new insights.
Abstract 4056: Hypoxia as a tool for identifying prostate cancer-associated antigens.

So far, therapeutic vaccination with allogeneic cancer cells has been only marginally effective. A reason for failure could stem from the fact that vaccine cells are usually cultured in air (pO 2 =20 kPa), while tumors in situ are often highly hypoxic. Hence, it is possible that vaccine cells expressed antigens differently than tumor cells in situ. We postulate that cells grown at low pO 2 provide a better antigen match to tumors in situ and could be more effective vaccines. We tested the former hypothesis by comparing prostate cancer (CaP) cells propagated at pO 2 = 2 kPa and 20 kPa. To identify potential tumor-associated antigens, we prepared CaP cell lysates, resolved them by 2D electrophoresis and immunoblotting using spontaneous antibodies from plasma derived from CaP patients and control subjects. Antibody-labeled spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Among identified molecules, we selected hypoxia-regulated HSP70 and hnRNP L and hypoxia-independent HSP60 and determined by ELISA the frequency of plasma samples reacting with these molecules two standard deviations above their reaction with normal sera. Frequency of HSP60-reactive plasma was 1/76 in healthy controls (HC; 1.3%), while it was 7/54 in CaP patients (13.0%; p Citation Format: Tangeng Ma, Abdelouahid Elkhattouti, Farhad Kosari, R. Jeffrey Karnes, John C. Cheville, George Vasmatzis, Stanimir Vuk-Pavlovic, Christian R. Gomez. Hypoxia as a tool for identifying prostate cancer-associated antigens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4056. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4056
Genetic and cytological analyses of a partial-female-sterile mutant (PS-1) in soybean (Glycine max; Leguminosae).

Soybean partial-female-sterile mutant 1 (PS-1) was recovered from a gene-tagging study. The objectives were to study the inheritance, linkage, allelism, and certain aspects of the reproductive biology of the PS-1 mutant. For inheritance and linkage tests, PS-I was crossed to flower color mutant Harosoy-w4 and to chlorophyll-deficient mutant CD-1, also recovered from the gene-tagging study. For allelism tests, reciprocal crosses were made with PS- 1 and three other partial-sterile mutants (PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4) recovered from the same gene-tagging study. The PS-1 mutant is inherited in a 3:1 ratio and is a single recessive gene. Linkage results indicated that the gene for partial sterility in PS-1 is not linked either to the W4 locus or to the CD-1 locus. Allelism tests showed that the gene in PS-1 is nonallelic to the gene in PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4. Investigations of developing and mature pollen indicated no differences in morphology, stainability, or fluorescence between normal and partial-sterile genotypes. The PS-1 mutant is completely male fertile. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to determine that early embryo abortion in PS-1 is due indirectly to abnormal migration of the fused polar nucleus, which prevented it from being fertilized. Subsequent absence of endosperm development leads directly to abortion of the proembryo.
Efficacy of 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) in a food-based synthetic attractant for capture of Mediterranean and Mexican fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Field trials were conducted in Guatemala to evaluate the importance of 1,4 diaminobutane (putrescine) in traps baited with ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, and putrescine. For the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), there were no differences in percentage of females captured in coffee and citrus or in percentage of males captured in citrus in traps with ammonium acetate and trimethylamine lures (females in coffee, 26.4 ± 6.27%; females in citrus, 35.7 ± 5.35%; males in citrus, 37.7 ± 7.48%) versus ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, and putrescine lures (females in coffee, 36.6 ± 9.64%; females in citrus, 41.1 ± 5.18%; males in citrus, 37.1 ± 6.09%). Percentage of males captured in coffee was reduced significantly when putrescine was not used with the ammonium acetate and trimethylamine (39.9 ± 4.34 versus 31.6 ± 5.29%). Lower percentages were captured in traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine, and the lowest percentages were captured in traps baited with putrescine and trimethylamine. When population level as indicated by capture in traps baited with ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, and putrescine was considered, a higher percentage of C. capitata males were captured in traps baited with all three components when one or more flies per trap per day were captured in coffee, and a higher percentage of females were captured when less than one fly per trap per day was captured in citrus. Percentage of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), captured was significantly higher in traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine and significantly lower in traps baited putrescine and trimethylamine than in all other treatments. Results indicate that putrescine may be deleted when monitoring established populations of C. capitata but should be used in traps used to monitor A. ludens or to detect new infestations of C. capitata.
In Vitro Testosterone Biosynthesis in the Human Fetal Testis. II. Stimulation by Cyclic AMP and Human Chorionie Gonadotropin (hCG)

In order to study the capacity of the gonads to produce androgens, human fetal testes of 12-16 weeks of gestation were minced and incubated with labeled sodium acetate-l,2-14C, cholesterol-l,2-3H or progesterone-l,2-3H. The labeled testosterone (T) synthesized from each substrate was isolated and purified to a constant specific activity. Human chorionie gonadotropin (hCG) (300 IU⁄150 mg testicular tissue) significantly stimulated T formation from cholesterol or acetate; however, the increase in T formationfrom progesterone was not significant. Dibutyryl cAMP mimicked the stimulatory effect of hCG on T formation and endogenous cAMP increased significantly following testes incubation with hCG. T levels in umbilical vein blood weresignificantly higher from mothers carrying male fetusescompared with female fetuses. The results indicate that human fetal testes 1) synthesize T from acetate, cholesterol or progesterone, 2) respond to hCG stimulation by increasing T formation from cholesterol and acetate and 3) e...
Microstructure of worn pitch/resin /CVI C-C composites

Abstract This paper describes the microstructure of nonworn and worn samples of a pitch/resin /CVI carbon-carbon composite. Optical microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the structure of the composites. The friction and wear properties of the composites were tested under different energy conditions using a laboratory dynamometer. Results indicate that both a particulate-type (type I) and a film-type (type II) of wear debris coexisted on the worn surfaces. Under low energy test conditions, the type I debris predominates the worn surface, with only limited coverage of the type II debris. This dominance of the paniculate debris and the lack of the film debris is thought responsible for the observed higher coefficient of friction and wear rates. Under high energy conditions, the predominance of the smooth type II debris, which serves as a self-lubricant, yields a lower coefficient of friction and wear rate than under low energy conditions. The type II debris is comprised of plastically deformed and fractured components of the composite, including fibers, CVI carbon, and resin char. A thin, nonuniformly distributed amorphous film, identified by selected area diffraction, is also formed during the wear process. Possible wear mechanisms are discussed.
The abuse and neglect of children II: Recognizing child abuse

Abstract Child abuse is a highly significant problem for children and their families. Almost three million reports of child abuse were filed in 1992; 65% of these were substantiated. This is the second in a series of three articles regarding abuse. The first, "The Abuse and Neglect of Children," published in the last edition of Medical Update for Psychiatrists, describes the epidemiology of abuse, characteristics of high-risk victims and perpetrators, and important issues regarding the reporting of abuse and interacting with families. This second article focuses on recognising child abuse. The hallmark of intentional, abusive injury to a child is a discrepant history, unreasonable given the age of the child and the nature of the wound or circumstances surrounding the injury. Specific injuries such as fractures, bruises, burns, and blunt trauma may have characteristic patterns suggesting abuse. Neglect is the failure of the care-giver to provide for adequate child care in health, education, supervision, and physical needs of the child. Munchausen by proxy is the diagnosis given to deceptive action taken by a parent to simulate illness in a child, that is detrimental to the child and for which secondary gain is derived by the parent in the medical process. Sexual abuse will be the subject of the third and last article, which is to follow in the next issue of Medical Update for Psychiatrists. An awareness of the classic features of child abuse will help the physician recognize abuse, and thus may protect a child from further abuse and provide a family with badly needed services.
Ecology of Environmental Education: Feedbacks, Education, and Resilience

The ecology education community has focused on the suite of knowledge and competencies that constitute environmental literacy, including self-knowledge, evidence-based habits of mind, and ecological concepts and connections (Jordan et al., 2009). Whereas the environmental education (EE) community also is concerned with knowledge, it further embraces goals related to changing attitudes and behavior. In both of these sub-disciplines, educational researchers most often focus on outcomes of specific interventions. Less attention has been paid to the interrelations among the ecological or environmental education activities themselves and the larger social-ecological system. This poster will explore the notion of an ecology of EE, and will attempt to situate EE within a social-ecological framework, such as those proposed by Grimm, Pickett and other ecological researchers who focus on coupled human-natural systems.Using civic ecology education as an example, we explore the interrelations among an educational program and the social and bio-geo-physical components of a larger system. Civic ecology education refers to youth programs where learning is situated in community gardening, community forestry, habitat restoration, and similar small-scale, emergent environmental stewardship or civic ecology practices, which have both social and ecological outcomes. When an educational program is situated in these practices, it may become part of a virtuous feedback loop, in which youth and adult stewardship actions contribute to natural capital, which in turn produces ecosystem services. Social capital may also be enhanced through multiple mechanisms, e.g., youth and adult participation in the civic ecology activity, and through the green spaces created through their activity, both of which provide opportunities for people to socialize, build trust, and participate in the civic life of their community. In addition to viewing EE’s role in feedback loops, we consider EE as a driver of human behavior, as a mediator of human impact on the social and bio-physical environment, and as a mediator of the way in which humans use ecosystem services.Should EE situated in civic ecology practice contribute both directly and indirectly to social and natural capital and ecosystem services, then it may play a role in social-ecological systems resilience. Here we show management and educational applications for a conceptual framework focusing on EE’s role in social-ecosystems and their resilience.
The Community Service Voucher Program An Experiment in Community Access to University Resources

This paper describes and evaluates the initial use of the community service voucher pro gram, a program which used federal funds to empower four organizations in disadvan taged Chicago neighborhoods to contract for university resources. The analysis presents the concept behind the program and describes the circumstances of its implementation and various program outcomes. The analysis ends with an evaluation of program impact, recommendations for how to expand and replicate the program, and a discussion of its potential in different university-disadvantaged community settings.
Radiative transfer by doubling very thin layers

Doubling principle providing rapid and accurate results for problem of diffuse reflection from plane parallel atmosphere
Elastic properties of flocculated networks

Abstract The dependence of the shear modulus G ′ on the volume fraction φ was measured for volume-filling networks formed by Brownian flocculation of aqueous polystyrene latices. The effect of frequency on G ′ was slight and the response remained linear for strains as large as ∼5%. We found G ′ ∼ φ ″ with n = 2.5 for freshly flocculated samples and n = 4.4 for aged samples.
The use of nonlinear feedback to improve the transient response of a servomechanism

IN THE design of a positional servomechanism, the desired result is a system whose output member will follow exactly the instantaneous position of the input member. This, of course, imposes requirements on the system when in the dynamic or transient state which cannot be realized.
Day-to-Day Evolution of Network Flows Under Route-Choice Dynamics in Commuter Decisions

The day-to-day dynamics of commuter decisions on urban traffic networks induced by route-choice dynamics is investigated. More specifically, this investigation analyzes the stability and reliability of system performance due to route-choice dynamics under real-time information, relaxing key restrictions associated with user equilibrium models. A simulation-based framework is developed to analyze day-to-day dynamics by integrating an empirically calibrated model of route-choice decisions with a dynamic network assignment model. Computational experiments are used to investigate the effect of certain experimental factors—recurrent network congestion level, market penetration, nature of information, and frequency of information updates—on network performance stability and reliability. The findings provide evidence of considerable day-to-day variations and stochasticity in network flows and performance, even when departure-time decisions and the origin-destination matrix are assumed to be fixed. The results in...
Using Situational Factors to Predict Types of Prison Violence

This study tested situational factors as predictors of types of individual aggressive incidents in a male prison population. The majority of past research on predicting individual incidents of prison violence has seriously downplayed situational factors. The situational variables used covered three general questions: Where? When? and Who Else?. Incidents of violence were categorized by whether the occurrence of an infraction involved aggressive behavior directed at staff, another inmate, self, or property. This study found that situational variables did serve as predictors of these categories of violence. These results support the position that background or personality factors, when used without situational factors, may not provide a complete understanding of prison violence.
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) describes a histopathologic pattern that can be seen in patients with immunodeficiency, drug or environmental exposure, or collagen vascular illnesses. NSI
Design patterns for exploring and prototyping human-robot interactions

Robotic products are envisioned to offer rich interactions in a range of environments. While their specific roles will vary across applications, these products will draw on fundamental building blocks of interaction, such as greeting people, narrating information, providing instructions, and asking and answering questions. In this paper, we explore how such building blocks might serve as interaction design patterns that enable design exploration and prototyping for human-robot interaction. To construct a pattern library, we observed human interactions across different scenarios and identified seven patterns, such as question-answer pairs. We then designed and implemented Interaction Blocks, a visual authoring environment that enabled prototyping of robot interactions using these patterns. Design sessions with designers and developers demonstrated the promise of using a pattern language for designing robot interactions, confirmed the usability of our authoring environment, and provided insights into future research on tools for human-robot interaction design.
Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of technique, tumor eradication, and complications

Analysis of the treatment and follow-up records of 377 Hodgkin's disease patients who received mantle irradiation but no planned chemotherapy reveals an overall supradiaphragmatic relapse rate of 21%. Complications of treatment included symptomatic pulmonary radiation reaction (20%), pericarditis (13%), Lhermitte's sign (15%), and thyroid dysfunction (13%). The addition of a subcarinal block after 2500 to 3500 rads and the use of the thin lung block technique in selected patients have reduced the incidence of pulmonary and pericardial complications to less than 5% without sacrificing local control. Further modifications in technique and treatment policy are discussed in terms of improving the therapeutic ratio.
Skin surface lipids of the guinea pig

Abstract Skin surface lipids of the guinea pig were found to contain sterol esters (33%), wax diesters (diacyl alkanediols) (24%), glycerol ether diesters (28%), free fatty alcohols (6%) and free sterols (9%). The sterol esters and diacyl alkanediols contained saturated fatty acids (40 and 67%, respectively) having straight and singly-branched chains and mono-unsaturated acids (60 and 33%, respectively) derived predominantly by Δ 9 -desaturation of C 15 and C 16 straight-chain saturated fatty-acid precursors. The 1- O -alkylglycerols and fatty acids from the glycerol ether diesters were both entirely saturated series containing straight, branched and multi-branched chains. Both the free and the esterified sterols consisted principally of cholesterol with a small proportion of lathosterol.
Factors Determining the Specificity of Signal Transduction by Guanine Nucleotide-binding Protein-coupled Receptors INTEGRATION OF STIMULATORY AND INHIBITORY INPUT TO THE EFFECTOR ADENYLYL CYCLASE

To define the integration of multiple signals by different types of adenylyl cyclase (AC) within the cell, we altered the population of enzymes expressed in the cell and determined the subsequent processing of stimulatory and inhibitory input. DDT1-MF2 cells expressed AC VI–IX and were stably transfected with AC II, III, or IV. Enzyme expression was confirmed by RNA blot analysis and functional assays. Basal enzyme activity was only increased in AC II transfectants (6-fold). Maximum stimulation of enzyme activity was increased in each of the AC transfectants to varying extents. α2A/D-AR activation elicited enzyme type-specific responses. α2-AR activation inhibited the effect of isoproterenol in control transfectants, and this action was magnified in AC III transfectants. In AC II and AC IV transfectants, α2-AR activation initiated both positive (Gβγ) and negative signals (Giα) to the Gsα-stimulated enzyme, and both types of signals were blocked by cell pretreatment with pertussis toxin. The negative input to AC II from the α2-AR was blocked by protein kinase C activation in AC II transfectants, but it was the positive input to AC IV that was compromised by protein kinase C activation. These data indicate that the integration of multiple signals by adenylyl cyclases is a dynamic process depending upon the enzyme type and phosphorylation status.
A social contextual analysis of youth cigarette smoking development

Introduction We apply a social contextual perspective based on Bronfenbrenner's ecology of human development theory to understanding development of youth cigarette smoking. We examine the contributions of family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts. Context attributes examined were derived from social learning and social control theories. Methods Data are from 6,544 youth who participated in at least one of five waves of data collection between Spring 2002 and Spring 2004, 1,663 randomly selected parents who participated in one or more of three waves of data collection in the same time period; and the U.S. Census. Three-level hierarchical growth models were used to examine the contributions of time-varying measures of the four social contexts to development of smoking from age 11-17 years. Interactions between variables were examined within and between social contexts. Results Attributes of each social context made independent contributions to adolescent smoking development; there also were significant interactions between variables from different contexts indicating joint contextual effects. Attributes of the social bond moderated exposure to models of smoking within and between the family and peer contexts. Discussion Results suggest the value of a social contextual perspective in research on the etiology of youth smoking development as well as the utility of guidance by social learning and social control theories. While all contexts were implicated in adolescent smoking, the family and peer contexts were primarily implicated, with findings suggesting the need for consideration of interactive effects between social learning and social control variables within and between these contexts.