cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of digitalis on electrolytes of heart muscle.

Summary1. Maximal digitalization caused a decrease in the potassium and calcium content of auricular muscle and a gain in sodium which does not appear to compensate for the loss of potassium and calcium. Ventricular muscle showed a gain in sodium which does not appear to compensate for the loss of potassium and calcium. Ventricular muscle showed a gain in sodium in the absence of any other significant changes. 2. The changes in sodium, potassium and calcium following digitalization occurred in the absence of significant changes in the water content of the digitalized heart.
Political Science and World Stabilization

Few persons who look at the world thoughtfully are complacent. It is difficult to believe that the balance of power will become more stable. Quite the contrary! A degree of bi-polarity in world politics has been reached which compels each of the opposing groups to bend its efforts to bring the remaining neutrals into its orbit and to augment its power. If the war which each regards as a possibility should come, each wants to be sure that it will not be the loser. The race in atomic weapons and armaments of all kinds is on and experience suggests, as in the rivalries between sections before the American Civil War and the rivalries between alliances before the first World War, that such a race will eventuate in war. There is no balancer in a bi-polar world, nor are there uncommitted powers which may cast their lot on one side or the other in a crisis. The process of nucleation about the two poles makes prediction of the power potential of each more and more feasible. It becomes increasingly clear to one side that time is with it and to the other that time is against it. Under such circumstances each expects war and it can be anticipated that the side which becomes convinced that time is against it will start the war. Fortunately there are still many unknown variables in the present situation. No precise calculation is yet possible, though it may be in the course of a few years. However, if war comes, there are few who doubt that atomic weapons would be used and that the human race would face disaster.
Thermal Death in Third Instars of the Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): Temperature–Time Relationships

Temperature-time relationships for mortality rates of third instars of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspense (Loew), were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. In replicated tests, a measured number of larvae first was placed in metal tubes containing rearing diet; they were submerged in 40, 43, or 47°C water baths for durations at 10-min increments. No mortality was observed as a result of the pretreatment temperature increase from ambient (≍25°C) to 40°C. Acute (immediate) death, which was determined by the failure to pupate, occurred in most larvae after 90 min of 40°C and 10 min of 43°C treatments and all treatments of 47°C. Chronic (protracted) mortality, determined by the failure to eclose, differed from acute mortality for only 40°C treatments at ≤90 min. We propose possible causes of acute and chronic mortalities. We also discuss application of the mortality data in the development of potential quarantine treatments.
Rotary Wing Decelerators for Miniature Atmospheric Entry Probes

Rotary wing decelerators were investigated as part of a miniature entry probe feasibility study. Previous technology demonstrations have shown that traditional low speed aerodynamic deceleration systems for this size class of probe can be relatively massive and risky. Rotary wing decelerators offer many potential advantages for miniature entry probes. The objectives of this project were to investigate the potential advantages of the rotary wing decelerator technology, assess aerodynamic modeling tools, and quantify performance of duel wing decelerator concepts using wind tunnel experimentation. Test models included a variety of two wing rotors with diameters of 152 mm or less in low speed air flows less than 20 m/s. The models with the lowest aspect ratio, 0.7 and 1.1, and highest solidity, 0.39 and 0.56, were observed to have the largest average thrust coefficients, 1.13 and 1.32 respectively. The tip speed ratio and the blade pitch were also identified as important parameters related to the magnitude of the Thrust Coefficient. Blade Element Momentum theory demonstrated the ability to predict average rotor thrust within 30% when compared with experimental observation for the majority of the cases considered. Nomenclature Ab - Area of the blades Ar - Area of the rotor disk CT - Thrust Coefficient c - Chord length D - Rotor diameter N - Number of rotor blades R - Radius of the rotor disk Reb - Reynolds number based on blade geometry Ret - Reynolds number based on rotor geometry s - Span length T – Thrust force U - Free stream flow velocity - Angle of attack - Tip speed ratio (or TSR) - Angular velocity of the rotor (in radians per second) - Fluid density σ - Solidity γ - Kinematic viscosity
Constrained Bithiazoles: Small Molecule Correctors of Defective ΔF508–CFTR Protein Trafficking

Conformationally constrained bithiazoles were previously found to have improved efficacy over nonconstrained bithiazoles for correction of defective cellular processing of the ΔF508 mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. In this study, two sets of constrained bithiazoles were designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro using ΔF508–CFTR expressing epithelial cells. The SAR data demonstrated that modulating the constraining ring size between 7- versus 8-membered in these constrained bithiazole correctors did not significantly enhance their potency (IC50), but strongly affected maximum efficacy (Vmax), with constrained bithiazoles 9e and 10c increasing Vmax by 1.5-fold compared to benchmark bithiazole corr4a. The data suggest that the 7- and 8-membered constrained ring bithiazoles are similar in their ability to accommodate the requisite geometric constraints during protein binding.
Inverse Scattering for Near-Field Microscopy

We consider the inverse scattering problem for scalar waves in the near field. An analytic solution to this problem is presented in the form of an explicit inversion formula. Applications to near-field optical microscopy are described.
Study on natural changes of CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts among HIV /AIDS patients without antiretroviral treatment in Jiaxing

Objective To explore the determinants and natural changes of CD4+T lymphocytes counts among HIV-infected patients without antiretroviral treatment( ART) in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang province. Methods From July 2008 to June 2013, HIV infectors with CD4+T lymphocytes counts at least twice before ART in Jiaxing were involved in a retrospective cohort study to describe the natural change rates of CD4+T lymphocytes counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the determinants of significant depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes counts. Results A total of 293 HIV / AIDS patients were included in the study. The median of the monthly natural change rate of CD4+T lymphocytes counts was-3. 6 cell / μl( IQR:-11. 1 ~ 1. 3). Compared to the first CD4+T lymphocytes counts,95 HIV-infected patients( 32. 4%) were found significant depletions at the last CD4+T lymphocytes counts( ≥30%). The multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that age,the CD4+T lymphocytes counts at the first time and the time interval between the first and the last CD4+T lymphocytes counting tests were statistically associated with the significant depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes counts. Conclu sion CD4+T lymphocytes counts showed gentle natural changes among HIV-infected patients without antiretroviral treatment( ART) in Jiaxing city,but those were significantly decreasing in some patients. Regular follow-up of the CD4+T lymphocytes counts in HIV-infected patients is conductive to understand the progression of the disease and carry out ART timely,if necessary.
The New Party: Ideal and Reality (to 1906)

The Labour Party is as old as the twentieth century, in fact if not in name. Its foundation took place at a conference in London in February 1900, and its later annual conferences are numbered from this date forward. But until just after the general election of January 1906, the party’s activities were conducted under the more modest title of the ‘Labour Representation Committee’.
In-Situ Platinum Deposition on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Films as a Source of Catalytic Activity in a Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Copolymer-templated nitrogen-doped carbon (CTNC) films deposited on glassy carbon were used as electrodes to study electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4. The activity of these materials was extremely enhanced when a platinum counter electrode was used instead of a graphite rod and reached the level of commercial Pt/C electrodes. Postreaction scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of electrode surfaces revealed that incorporation of even extremely low amounts of Pt resulted in this considerable gain of HER activity. High resolution XPS analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that pyridinic nitrogen atoms act as active sites for Pt coordination and deposition. The Pt can be incorporated in both molecular (Pt2+) and metallic (Pt0) form. This study shows that great caution must be taken when designing “metal-free” HER catalysts based on N-doped carbons.
High throughput combinatorial method for fast and robust prediction of lattice thermal conductivity

Abstract The lack of computationally inexpensive and accurate ab-initio based methodologies to predict lattice thermal conductivity, without computing the anharmonic force constants or time-consuming ab-initio molecular dynamics, is one of the obstacles preventing the accelerated discovery of new high or low thermal conductivity materials. The Slack equation is the best alternative to other more expensive methodologies but is highly dependent on two variables: the acoustic Debye temperature, θ a , and the Gruneisen parameter, γ . Furthermore, different definitions can be used for these two quantities depending on the model or approximation. In this article, we present a combinatorial approach to elucidate which definitions of both variables produce the best predictions of the lattice thermal conductivity, κ l . A set of 42 compounds was used to test the accuracy and robustness of all possible combinations. This approach is ideal for obtaining more accurate values than fast screening models based on the Debye model, while being significantly less expensive than methodologies that solve the Boltzmann transport equation.
Reconsidering the D.C. Circuit’s Proximate Cause Standard for Extraterrotorial Jurisdiction: Precluding the “Globalization” Theory to Promote Global Enforcement

As businesses expanded with the rise of globalization, so did the effects of anticompetitive activity and, in turn, the reach of the U.S. antitrust laws. Though Congress addressed the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the U.S. antitrust laws with its implementation of the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvement Act ("FTAIA"), the statute only created a three-way circuit split that led the Supreme Court to address the issue and determine that the foreign injury must arise from both foreign anticompetitive activity and the activity's adverse effects on domestic commerce. The D.C. Circuit further clarified the issue on remand by requiring a proximate cause relationship between the foreign injury and adverse effects on domestic commerce. However, the commentary speculated that the Supreme Court had only generated further confusion. This article enters the discourse to assert that the D.C. Circuit has prevailed as the authority on the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the U.S. antitrust laws and should continue to prevail because it accords with the FTAIA's language and legislative history, traditional antitrust principles, and Supreme Court opinions. More significantly, this article reconciles the D.C. Circuit's proximate cause standard with opinions both before and after it to reveal that (1) proximate cause requires that the claimant's injury stem from participation in domestic commerce adversely affected by the foreign conduct, and (2) this requirement precludes foreign claimants from asserting claims based solely on the effects of globalization. As such, the D.C. Circuit's proximate cause standard not only prevents U.S. courts from acting as world courts but also promotes cooperation among the world's authorities to combat anticompetitive activity.
Antiepileptic Drugs Based on the α-Substituted Amide Group Pharmacophore: From Chemical Crystallography to Molecular Pharmaceutics

The antiepileptic activity of α-substituted acetamides, lactams, and cyclic imides has been known for over six decades. We recently proposed an α-substituted amide group as the minimum pharmacophore responsible for inhibition of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by these compounds, with the implication that inhibition of these receptors in the brain might be the unifying mechanism of action for these classes of antiepileptic drugs. In order to realize the pharmacological potential of these orally administered drugs, the relevant aspects of solid-state chemistry and pharmaceutics (including solubility and stability) need to be addressed. A better - more cohesive and generalized - understanding of the solid-state properties of these drugs would pave the road for a rational approach to their development, formulation, and manufacturing. In this paper, Pharmaceutically relevant aspects of the crystal structure and solid-state chemistry of antiepileptic drugs containing the α-substituted amide bond pharmacophore - α-substituted acetamides, lactams, and cyclic imides and the structurally related barbiturates, hydantoins, and acetylureas are reviewed. The applicable experimental and computational approaches are also briefly mentioned.
Sustainable and Appropriate Technologies

This chapter discusses the sustainable and appropriate technologies. Sustainable development was defined as economic growth to meet the needs of the people living today, without compromising the possibility for the future generations to support themselves. It recognized that there is a very real conflict between meeting the needs and desires of the five and a half billion people then alive (already more than six billion) and the possibility of satisfying the nine to ten billion people expected to be living on earth by the middle of the next century. Appropriate technology can be used for energy, food, health care, sanitation, transportation, and for meeting other needs. Water wheels, wind generators, and photovoltaics produce electrical energy. A major reason for using appropriate technology is that it provides goods, services, and jobs that will not be provided in any other way. No company or organization will be able to invest enough in high-technology factories in the developing countries to provide sufficient jobs.
Inferring Traffic Incident Start Time with Loop Sensor Data

Traffic incidents and their impacts have been largely studied to improve road safety and to reduce incurred life and economic losses. However, the inaccuracy of incident data collected from transportation agencies, especially the start time, poses a great challenge to traffic incident research. We present INFIT, a system that infers the incident start time utilizing traffic data collected by loop sensors. The core of INFIT is IIG, our newly developed inference algorithm. The key idea is that IIG considers the traffic speed at multiple upstream locations, to mitigate the randomness in traffic data and to distinguish among multiple impact factors. INFIT includes an interactive interface with real-world incident datasets. We demonstrate INFIT with three exploratory use cases and show the usefulness of our inference algorithms.
Multiculturalism and Meaning in Existential and Positive Psychology

Positive psychology and existential psychology have both struggled with multiculturalism. Despite challenges, important progress has been made in recent years. Positive psychology and existential psychology need to learn from multicultural perspectives; however, they also have something to offer multicultural psychology. Several applications relevant to meaning are discussed. First, it is emphasized that while meaning is a universal construct, it must be understood in an individual and cultural context. Second, the meaning aspects of freedom are considered within the context of oppression and privilege. Freedom is often experienced quite differently across different cultural groups. Third, meaning is considered in the context of identity and character. Each of these has important clinical considerations, which are discussed. Clinicians need to be aware of the complexities of meaning and culture in order to effectively work with diverse clientele.
A hydroclimatological approach to predicting regional landslide probability using Landlab

Abstract. We develop a hydroclimatological approach to the modeling of regional shallow landslide initiation that integrates spatial and temporal dimensions of parameter uncertainty to estimate an annual probability of landslide initiation based on Monte Carlo simulations. The physically based model couples the infinite-slope stability model with a steady-state subsurface flow representation and operates in a digital elevation model. Spatially distributed gridded data for soil properties and vegetation classification are used for parameter estimation of probability distributions that characterize model input uncertainty. Hydrologic forcing to the model is through annual maximum daily recharge to subsurface flow obtained from a macroscale hydrologic model. We demonstrate the model in a steep mountainous region in northern Washington, USA, over 2700 km2. The influence of soil depth on the probability of landslide initiation is investigated through comparisons among model output produced using three different soil depth scenarios reflecting the uncertainty of soil depth and its potential long-term variability. We found elevation-dependent patterns in probability of landslide initiation that showed the stabilizing effects of forests at low elevations, an increased landslide probability with forest decline at mid-elevations (1400 to 2400 m), and soil limitation and steep topographic controls at high alpine elevations and in post-glacial landscapes. These dominant controls manifest themselves in a bimodal distribution of spatial annual landslide probability. Model testing with limited observations revealed similarly moderate model confidence for the three hazard maps, suggesting suitable use as relative hazard products. The model is available as a component in Landlab, an open-source, Python-based landscape earth systems modeling environment, and is designed to be easily reproduced utilizing HydroShare cyberinfrastructure.
'We Must Find Words or Burn': Speaking Out against Disciplinary Silencing

Susan J. Brison’s paper illustrates, with the use of a first-person narrative, how Catharine MacKinnon’s work reveals the role of silencing in the construction of the disciplinary reality of philosophy.
Hydrodynamics of back spatter by blunt bullet gunshot with a link to bloodstain pattern analysis

A theoretical model predicts backward blood spatter from a blunt bullet which favorably agrees with experimental data. Drop generation is explained through the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and includes the effects of air drag and drop-drop interactions.
A novel time stamping data acquisition system using a digital oscilloscope for single photon counting

In this paper we present an algorithm of signal processing that allows the use of a PC-based oscilloscope in order to count events with a time stamping register. This novel application has a direct use on recording of arrival times of individual photons detected on one or more detection channels in quantum optics experiments. In particular, we report experimental results of the time stamping acquisition with a temporal resolution of 6.4 ns of non-periodic signals from single-photon counting modules.
Wealth and Poverty: Neoclassical Economic Thought and Its Critics

This chapter examines the central role of scarcity in the neoclassical view of wealth and poverty, and the implications of this view with respect to economic theory and policy. The opinions surveyed include those of Karl Menger, Leon Walras, Alfred Marshall, and Lionel Robbins. The chapter also surveys the opinions of some notable critics of the neoclassical paradigm, such as Karl Marx, Henry George, Thorstein Veblen, and John Maynard Keynes.
Carbon dioxide and dissolution rate dynamics within a karst underflow-overflow system, Savoy Experimental Watershed, Arkansas, USA

Abstract Within numerical models of karst development, geochemical and hydrological boundary conditions are typically assumed to be constant. However, rates of calcite dissolution in natural karst systems can vary substantially in time. In particular, variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations has been shown to produce time variability in dissolution rates in karst streams, but controls on CO2 variation within karst systems are relatively poorly quantified. Here we analyze hourly in-situ measurements of dissolved CO2, discharge, and specific conductance at a pair of karst underflow-overflow springs and examine potential drivers of variability in CO2 and dissolution rates. The springs display strong seasonal variability in CO2 and saturation state as well as moderate variation during storm events. Though both springs have elevated CO2 concentrations in the summer season, the overflow spring experiences a substantial decrease in dissolved CO2 below a critical discharge threshold. We hypothesize that this decrease results from ventilation within the overflow portion of the system as segments of the flow path transition from full pipe to open channel flow. The overflow spring experiences substantially lower average dissolution rates than the underflow spring, despite larger discharge and chemical variability during high flow events at the overflow spring. Though open systems are frequently presumed to have higher dissolution rates, because of their ability to replenish CO2 that is consumed in the dissolution process, these data suggest that dissolution rates within the closed portion of the system may in some cases be higher due to the inability of closed flow paths to ventilate excess CO2 to the atmosphere. Such conditions are likely to occur in conduits where CO2 concentrations are elevated above atmospheric levels and average flow through times are short compared to the time scale over which water reaches equilibrium with respect to calcite.
Asthma in Primary Care: A Case-based Review of Pharmacotherapy

Asthma remains a significant public health burden in the United States. Primary care providers are in an ideal position to be able to target treatment for their patients on an individual basis. It is important to determine the level of control and then base treatment on both the severity and activity of disease and the ability of the patient to be adherent to the therapy regimen. Because prescription medications along with office visits represent most asthma expenses, it is imperative to choose wisely from among the quick-relief and the long-term control medications to find the right choice for your patient.
Coping with Nuclear Power Risks: A National Strategy

In the energy field, national policy centers about two basic issues that require societal balancing. The first is the determination of the size of the societal investment allocated to providing a future energy supply, as compared with the potential social value of anticipated future energy uses.
Local aerosol composition before and during the transition from coal-fired power to natural gas

Abstract Local aerosol composition impacts human health, as toxicity depends on particle concentration, composition, and size. We have thus studied local aerosol composition in University Park, PA from September–November of 2014 and 2015 to determine the composition and morphology of ambient particles using Transmission Electron Microscopy. In particular, we explored how local aerosol composition is affected as local and regional power plants converted from coal to natural gas consumption. Our results indicate a decline in the fraction of fractal particles (soot and fly ash) from 2014 to 2015 due to the conversion of the local power plants. Since fly ash and soot are often associated with hazardous substances such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, decreases in these particle types suggest a trend that could benefit human health at the local level.
Thermodynamics of Polymer Systems Solid, Molten, and Thermally Softened

Polymers are generally processed with large changes in temperature and pressure. Because of this, it becomes important to determine as accurately as possible the energy demands for a given process. Such determinations are best made by applying the science of thermodynamics. This subject treats the behavior of systems (in equilibrium states) with their surroundings.
Coming of Age and Refusing to Eat: Overcoming Treatment Nonadherence for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

Acceptance of the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa during adolescence and the subsequent treatment of this serious disorder, as well as adherence to the therapeutic recommendations, present significant clinical challenges. This is especially true as the core symptoms of the illness are in direct conflict with the medically necessary goals of gaining weight and normalizing eating behaviors. The path to recovery is in strong opposition to the patient’s obsessional thoughts and restrictive food-related behaviors. This remains a critical matter, given the high mortality rate. Various approaches to engage the adolescent will be discussed in this chapter. We examine the five factors (social and economic factors, healthcare team and system-related factors, condition-related factors, therapy-related factors, and patient-related factors) contributing to nonadherence and offer strategies from our clinical practice and expertise, the literature, as well as some research findings.
Who Gets What? Describing the Non‐supervisory Training and Supports Received by Home Visiting Staff Members and its Relationship with Turnover

The early childhood home visiting field lacks a basic understanding of home visiting program staff members' receipt of on-the-job training from experts outside of their programs who are not their immediate colleagues or supervisors. To address this gap, we created a unique dataset by asking program leaders to log the external technical assistance (TA) that staff members received, and we collected a survey from 288 of the same staff members. We performed descriptive analyses to learn how many hours of TA staff members were receiving, what topics the TA most commonly addressed, and what formats (e.g., in-person or virtual/remote, individual, or group) the TA was most commonly provided in. We then associated characteristics of the TA received with staff and program characteristics, as well as with staff members' turnover. Multilevel analyses showed the TA supports that home visiting staff members received differed by role (home visitor or supervisor) and program characteristics, including home visiting model-Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) or Parents as Teachers (PAT)-program size, and maturity. About 23% of the home visiting staff members left their programs over the course of 18 months. PAT staff members were more likely to leave their programs than NFP staff members. We did not find that characteristics of TA received were predictive of staff members' turnover. Implications and the need for further research are discussed.
Influence of spacer insulator material temperature characteristics on its electric properties

Abstract Spacer insulators are important insulating component of gas insulated switchgear(GIS). In order to analyze the influence of spacer insulator materials temperature characteristics on the electric performance, we tested the temperature distribution under work condition and the temperature characteristics of the material's relative permittivity. Then established a spacer insulator simulation model in finite element numerical simulation software to calculate its temperature and electric field. Using the temperature test results as a reference to verify the temperature calculation, and in order to analyze changes of the electric field along the surface of the spacer insulator, the temperature characteristics of relative permittivity have to be considered. Through the experimental research and simulation analysis, we found that the temperature characteristics of the spacer insulator materials have great impacts on the spacer insulator performance. When the temperature increases, the material relative permittivity also increases. In the low-temperature region of spacer insulator, the electric field intensity along the surface increases, so the electrical performance deteriorates. The conclusion of this paper can provide an important reference for further research about spacer insulator's working performance analysis.
Wittig Rearrangements of Boron-Based Oxazolidinone Enolates.

[2,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements (Wittig rearrangements) of α-alkoxy oxazolidinone enolates are described. Whereas alkali metal enolates fail, owing to facile deacylation, boron enolates generated ...
Comorbidities and socioeconomic status are predictors of survival in children and young adults with Burkitt lymphoma.

Burkitt lymphoma is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), often requiring intense inpatient chemotherapy and supportive care [1]. While pediatric, adolescent and young adult (YA) ...
Thyroid nodules >4 cm with atypia of undetermined significance cytology independently associate with malignant pathology.

Abstract Background The risk of malignancy from nodules with atypia of undetermined significance cytology is estimated between 5% and 15%, though more recent studies suggest rates upwards of 48%. This study sought to characterize preoperative predictors of malignancy to aid in clinical decision-making. Methods We performed a single institution retrospective review of all adult patients with unilateral thyroid nodules demonstrating atypia of undetermined significance cytology between March 1, 2013 and June 1, 2019 who underwent surgical resection (n = 266). Univariate and multivariate logistical analysis was performed using clinical and demographic variables to identify potential preoperative characteristics associated with malignant disease. Results Malignancy was identified on final pathology in 24.7% of patients with atypia of undetermined significance cytology. Age, sex, exposure to ionizing radiation, family history of thyroid cancer, Hashimoto’s disease, Afirma suspicious results, and smoking were not associated with malignancy on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Nodule size >4 cm was independently associated with malignancy risk on both univariate (odds ratio 2.44, 1.09–5.43, P Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that nodules with atypia of undetermined significance cytology >4 cm are strongly associated with malignancy. We recommend strong consideration of surgery for all patients with thyroid nodules >4 cm and atypia of undetermined significance cytology.
ATCPiM: Analog to Time Coded Processing in Memory for IoT at the Edge

Data conversion from analog to digital and time domains and data transfer costs are the main bottlenecks in designing energy & area efficient near-sensor processing architectures. In this paper, we propose a temporal Processing in Memory architecture that addresses both data conversion and data transfer costs. We develop a novel analog to time encoding method that translates the incoming analog signal directly into a time-coded value, reducing data conversion costs. To do this, we exploit the linear kinematics of skyrmions in magnetic racetracks and propose a skyrmion-based non-volatile temporal memory architecture that employs time encoding. We also reduce the data transfer costs by processing the temporally stored data during the memory read operation. A read unit shared between the temporal memory cells acts as the processing element (PE) in our proposed design. Thus, the proposed approach enables the reduction of both data conversion and data transfer costs achieving < 340 fJ/conversion and approximately 530-660 fJ/operation.
Regeneration of Broccoli from Buds and Leaves

Broccoli leaves and buds were used as explants on Schenk-Hildebrandt media with 8.0 mg/1 indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 0.026 mg/1 kinetin. After 30 days on the media, plantlets forming from the expiants were removed and planted in Jiffy pots. Fifteen days later they were potted in a soil mixture. The regenerated plants were greenhouse-grown to maturity in 130 days compared with a 100-day maturation time of seeded broccoli. Plantlet formation from ex-plants was 90% from buds and 40% from leaves; plantlet survival rate was 80% from buds and 70% from leaves. Histological sectioning shows vascular interconnections of the expiant to newly formed roots and shoots. Fifteen percent of all regenerated plants grown to maturity showed growth atypical for this cultivar. Although only a small number of plants has been evaluated thus far, the preliminary observation of variability in regenerated plants indicates that commercial application of tissue culture as a means of plant regeneration for broccoli may be limited.
Lot's Wife (On Viewing The Fugitive Slave), Blood Storm (for Amiri Baraka), Love, 1979, A Small Man Seeks Redemption (On a Bishop on trial for Rwanda)

Sooner, our lightest load, sleeps. His head jogs to the hard clump of horse hoof. Shivering in his tiny body, he and his daddy fist the tired reins. I am afraid my baby grows old with each step.
Reliability and Construct Validity of Limits of Stability Test in Adolescents Using a Portable Forceplate System

Abstract Objective To examine the reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity of the limits of stability (LOS) test to assess dynamic postural stability in adolescents using a portable forceplate system. Design Cross-sectional reliability observational study. Setting School setting. Participants Adolescents (N=36) completed all measures during the first session. To examine the reliability of the LOS test, a subset of 15 participants repeated the LOS test after 1 week. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measurements included the LOS test, Balance Error Scoring System, Instrumented Balance Error Scoring System, and Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction on Balance. Results A significant relation was observed among LOS composite scores ( r =.36–.87, P Conclusions The results suggest that the LOS composite scores provide unique information about dynamic postural stability, and the LOS test completed at 100% of the theoretical limit appeared to be a reliable test of dynamic postural stability in adolescents. Clinicians should use dynamic balance measurement as part of their balance assessment and should not use static balance testing (eg, Balance Error Scoring System) to make inferences about dynamic balance, especially when balance assessment is used to determine rehabilitation outcomes, or when making return to play decisions after injury.
An Evaluation of an Inline Sensor for Detection of Microbial Activity

Abstract : Laboratory experiments were designed to determine the influence of polarization (+175 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode) in natural fresh water and in dilute microbiological media (1:100 Luria-Bertani broth) on biofllm formation on 316L stainless steel. Biofllms formed on all polarized and unpolarization surfaces within 120 hours. Variability among the surfaces was detected with environmental scanning electron microscopy. Polarization influenced microbial formed in the absence of polarization.
NEWLIT - A General Code for Neutron Wall Loading Distribution in Toroidal Reactors

A computer program for evaluating the poloidal distribution of the neutron wall loading (NWL) in toroidal fusion reactors is developed using numerical integration for general plasma and wall shapes...
Establishment and validation of a 384-well antibacterial assay amenable for high-throughput screening and combination testing.

Abstract A 384-well-based antibacterial assay amenable for high-throughput screening and combination testing is described. The assay uses 100–500 nL of test compounds and tolerates up to 2.5% dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations. It can be used for screening compound libraries and testing combinatory/synergistic/antagonistic effects of antibiotics, small molecules, and natural product extracts.
Analysis of sequence elements important for expression and regulation of the adenylate cyclase gene (Cya) of Salmonella typhimurium

We determined the nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region of the cya gene of Salmonella typhimurium. A set of nested BAL-31 deletions originating upstream of the promoter/regulatory region and extending into the cya structural gene was constructed in M13mp::cya phages and was tested for complementation of a chromosomal cya deletion mutation. BAL-31 deletion mutants unable to complement cya localized the major cya promoter. The synthetic tac promoter was inserted upstream of the BAL-31 deletions so that expression of cya was dependent on transcription from tac. Those tac derivative phages unable to complement cya localized the translation initiation region. The cya DNA sequence revealed at least three potential promoters capable of transcribing cya, with a CRP binding site straddling the-10 hexamer of the promoter proximal to the structural gene. The leader RNA sequence initiated at the latter promoter is approximately 140 bases long and includes a region that may form a stable secondary structure (delta G = -23.8 kcal). There exist two possible in-frame translation start points, one of which is TTG and the other of which is ATG. The sequence of the S. typhimurium regulatory region was compared with that reported for Escherichia coli.
Law, Liberty and Psychiatry

Thomas Szasz. Law, Liberty, and Psychiatry. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1989.
Continuous electroencephalogram detection of non-convulsive seizures in the pediatric intensive care unit: review of the utility and impact on management and outcomes

Non-convulsive seizures (NCS) are common among critically ill children with acute encephalopathy. Continuous electroencephalogram (CEEG) monitoring is an indispensable tool to detect NCS, which is essential to guiding management and assessing prognosis. Risk factors for NCS are highest in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients with altered mental status (AMS) and a recently witnessed clinical seizure, acute changes on neuroimaging, and/or interictal abnormalities on CEEG. Screening for at least 24 hours in at risk pediatric populations is ideal, but around half of NCS may be detected within the first hour. Rapid treatment of prolonged seizures or status epilepticus is critical, as higher seizure burdens have been associated with poorer outcomes in critically ill children. This review integrates current information on critically ill children with AMS and the use of CEEGs, risk factors for NCS, duration of CEEG monitoring, and how the detection of NCS impacts management and outcomes.
Has the Time Come to Evaluate Studies Results before their Adoption as Standards of Care in the Neonatal Units

Has the Time Come to Evaluate Studies Results before their Adoption as Standards of Care in the Neonatal Units
Synchronous and asynchronous distributed DSP education

The Georgia Tech Regional Engineering Program (GTREP) was originally created to provide the opportunity for students in southeastern Georgia to earn a Georgia Tech undergraduate engineering degree without leaving the region. Students complete two years of general education and engineering prerequisites at their home institutions before beginning the Georgia Tech curriculum as juniors. Georgia Tech courses are taught both by local faculty in southeast Georgia and remotely by faculty on the main campus. This system is further complicated by the fact that courses are delivered to three partner institutions as well as the GTREP facilities. The GTREP program is an ideal testbed for novel distributed education methods. We present some results for the combined approach we have developed, and outline plans for future scaling as the GTREP program expands.
A knowledge engineering framework for rapid design

A framework for integrated product development in a knowledge-based engineering environment is presented in this paper. The idea is to bring the issues of manufacturing and assembly right at the design stage. The primary focus of the research reported in this paper is to significantly reduce the product development lead time.
SU-GG-I-09: Efficacy of a Linear Lag Correction Algorithm in an A-Si Flat-Panel X-Ray Detector

Purpose: Lag in a‐Si flat‐panel detectors (FPD) causes significant artifact. To date, most correction models have assumed a linear, time‐invariant model (LTIM). We investigated detector response as a function of incident exposure. Method and Materials: The physics theory for charge trapping in FPD detectors suggests that the process is non‐linear and time variant. We measured the rising step response function (RSRF) and falling step response function (FSRF) as a function of incident exposure on a Varian 4030CB detector. An LTIM was implemented for lag reduction with temporal behavior of the panel modeled as a multi‐exponential impulse response with four exponentials. The impact of using RSRF, FSRF and different incident exposures (0.5 – 80% of saturation) on calibration coefficients of the LTIM was investigated in projection data and reconstructions of challenging phantoms (large pelvic phantom, uniform head phantom). Effectiveness was measured by calculating the average and maximum error within pairs of ROIs. Results: A non‐linearity greater than 50% was observed in the FSRF data. A model calibrated with RSRF data resulted in a significant over‐correction of FSRF data. Conversely, models calibrated with FSRF data applied to RSRF data resulted in under‐correction. Similar effects were seen when LTI models were applied to data collected at different incident intensities. For CT reconstructions, an average error range of 3–21 HU was achieved when different exposure calibration points were used. Conclusion: Significant non‐linear behavior was observed in the FPD. Furthermore, large residual errors remained following LTIM corrections for many calibration setups, and it is unclear how to choose, a priori, the calibration setup that will give the lowest error. A non‐LTI correction could potentially describe the panel dynamics and non‐linearity more accurately and improve image correction more predictably. Conflict of Interest: This work was supported in part by Varian Medical Systems.
Infrared studies of thorium oxide surfaces: Hydroxyl spectra

Abstract A spectrophotometric system, capable of in situ studies over a wide range of temperature (−196 to +1000°C) and pressure (10−7 to 760 torr), is described. The spectra indicate that the adsorbed water is tenaciously bound in a rigid array with its orientation epitaxially dictated by the substrate. There are three preferred hydrogen-bonded species characterized by infrared bands at 3665, 3550, and 3310 cm−1, in addition to the free surface hydroxyl group with a band at 3742 cm−1. The latter is not observed until vacuum dehydration temperature exceeds 300°C. The heat of adsorption of water is related linearly to the square root of the hydrogen bond frequency shift. The merit of observing the spectra at elevated temperatures is noted relative to the practice of interpreting room temperature spectra in terms of phenomena occurring at previously elevated temperatures. D2O exchange studies show the tenacity of the water binding and substantiate the frequency assignments.
Using Applet–Servlet Communication for Optimizing Window, Level and Crop for DICOM to JPEG Conversion

In the creation of interesting radiological cases in a digital teaching file, it is necessary to adjust the window and level settings of an image to effectively display the educational focus. The web-based applet described in this paper presents an effective solution for real-time window and level adjustments without leaving the picture archiving and communications system workstation. Optimized images are created, as user-defined parameters are passed between the applet and a servlet on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant teaching file server.
Carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme ratios during fungal degradation of woody and non-woody lignocellulose substrates

Understanding the order that enzymes are secreted during lignocellulosic degradation is relevant both to better understanding basic fungal degradation mechanisms and to industrial attempts to control reactions for biofuels production and other bioprocessing technology. Much is known about the enzymes that are produced and their effect on individual substrates, but little is known about temporal variation and relative enzyme activity on different lignocellulosics substrates. Wood decay fungi Trametes versicolor and Postia placenta were grown in liquid culture with different substrates (aspen, pine, corn stover, prairie grass and alfalfa) over a 16-week period. Samples of liquid media were taken every 2 weeks for endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanase activity measurement. Endoglucanase:β-glucosidase:xylanase ratios varied for both fungi over the sampling period. T. versicolor showed large differences in cellulase enzyme (total cellulase:endoglucanase:β-glucosidase) composition when grown on woody substrates compared with non-woody substrates; there were also difference between the two wood types. This research presents evidence that the ratio of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes secreted by fungi is not influenced solely by lignin:carbohydrate content of the substrate and other factors including cell anatomy and constituent composition have some control on enzyme production. This provides a useful and broad survey of natural adaptations to various plant tissues relevant to bioenergy and general bioprospecting.
Near-Contact, Thermocapillary Migration of a Nonconducting, Viscous Drop Normal to a Planar Interface

Abstract The near-contact, thermocapillary motion of a nonconducting, spherical drop normal to a planar, isothermal interface has been analyzed using a lubrication solution for conditions of small Reynolds and Marangoni numbers. The interface separates two viscous fluids; a third is contained within the drop. A closed-form expression is obtained for the near-contact drop velocity. The drop motion results from a "contact force" that is opposed by a lubrication resistance; the contact force is determined by considering a force balance on a drop tangent to the interface. For drops of moderate viscosity, the contact force is comparable to the thermocapillary force that acts on an isolated, stationary drop; for highly viscous drops, the contact force dominates as the logarithm of the drop viscosity ratio. If both the drop surface and the planar interface are fully mobile or free, the near-contact drop velocity, normalized by the value for a drop in an unbounded fluid, decreases with drop viscosity; however, if the interface is immobile and/or the drop is highly viscous, the normalized velocity increases with drop viscosity. The cases of a drop moving toward rigid and free surfaces and of a drop moving toward a semi-infinite fluid with the same viscosity are examined explicitly. A comparison with buoyancy-driven motion reveals that thermocapillary migration is the more efficient near-contact migration mechanism.
A data transmission machine

MODERN business operations have developed a requirement for rapid and accurate communications involving the exchange of engineering, scientific, statistical, and accounting data. The terminal points may be in the same building or separated by hundreds of miles. The Armed Forces have the same requirements but the distances may be greater, and radio transmission must be used where wire facilities are not available.